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Cărăuleanu, A; Socolov, R; Lupaşcu, Ivona Anghelache; Rugină, V; Socolov, Demetra
Uterine leiomyomas are benign tumors arising from uterine smooth muscle. Although their pathogenesis remains unclear, they are the most common tumor of the female reproductive tract, occurring in as many as half of women older than 35 years. Uterine leiomyomas represent the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. Giant uterine leiomyomas are very rare and represents a great diagnosis and therapeutic challenge. Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most frequent types of tumours and it is diagnosed in 20-40% of the women of reproductive age. Until the age of 50, approximately 70% of the white women and less than 80% of the black women will have had at least one leiomyoma. The frequency of the emergence of uterine leiomyoma in black women is significantly higher than in white women. PMID:27125088
Case report: Leiomyoma of the anterior abdominal wall.
Ernest Ong, C W; Siow, S L
Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue swellings of smooth muscle origin, most commonly found in the uterus. Extra uterine leiomyomas presenting as an abdominal mass is often a diagnostic challenge as such occurrence is rare. We present a rare case of primary abdominal wall leiomyoma, and highlight the importance of laparoscopic approach in the diagnosis and treatment of such tumour. PMID:27326950
[A giant myxoid leiomyoma mimicking an inguinal hernia].
Huszár, Orsolya; Zaránd, Attila; Szántó, Gyöngyi; Juhász, Viktória; Székely, Eszter; Novák, András; Molnár, Béla Ákos; Harsányi, László
Leiomyoma is a rare, smooth muscle tumour that can occur everywhere in the human body. The authors present the history of a 60-year-old female, who had a giant, Mullerian type myxoid leiomyoma in the inguinal region mimicking acute abdominal symptoms. After examination the authors removed the soft tissue mass in the right femoral region reaching down in supine position to the middle third of the leg measuring 335 × 495 × 437 mm in greatest diameters in weight 33 kg. Reconstruction of the tissue defect was performed using oncoplastic guidelines. During the follow-up time no tumour recurrence was detected and the quality of life of the patient improved significantly. PMID:26920330
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgical Enucleation of a Giant Esophageal Leiomyoma Presenting with Persistent Cough
Mujawar, Parvez; Pawar, Tushar; Chavan, Rahulkumar Narayan
Esophageal leiomyoma is a relatively rare tumor of esophagus but it is the most common benign neoplasm of the esophagus. Small esophageal leiomyoma can be observed but larger ones and those producing symptoms should be excised. As observed for other esophageal tumors, dysphagia is its main symptom. Traditionally, open thoracotomy and enucleation are its main treatment but in the last few years video assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) enucleation is gaining recognition with proven advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Herein we present our experience with patient presenting with cough rather than dysphagia as a main symptom, who was diagnosed to be having giant esophageal leiomyoma. VATS guided enucleation was accomplished successfully. Size of lesion was 16 × 4 × 3 cm. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and patient is not having any signs of recurrence, after three years during follow-up period. PMID:26977331
Fetal Arthrogryposis Secondary to a Giant Maternal Uterine Leiomyoma
Vila-Vives, José María; Hidalgo-Mora, Juan José; Soler, Inmaculada; Rubio, Juan; Quiroga, Ramiro; Perales, Alfredo
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital is a rare condition defined as contractures in multiple joints at birth due to disorders starting in fetal life. Its etiology is associated with many different conditions and in many instances remains unknown. The final common pathway to all of them is decreased fetal movement (fetal akinesia) due to an abnormal intrauterine environment. Causes of decreased fetal movements may be neuropathic abnormalities, abnormalities of connective tissue or muscle, intrauterine vascular compromise, maternal diseases, and space limitations within the uterus. When the cause of arthrogryposis is space limitations in uterus, the most common etiology is oligohydramnios. The same can result from intrauterine tumours as fibroids, although to our knowledge there are only two papers reporting cases of fetal deformities related to uterine leiomyomas. We describe a well-documented exceptional case of arthrogryposis associated with the presence of a large uterine fibroid. It could illustrate the importance of a careful and appropriate assessment of uterine fibroids before and in the course of a pregnancy considering that they can cause both serious maternal and fetal complications. PMID:23198198
The vanishing giant abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Krivoshei, Lian; Halak, Moshe; Schneiderman, Jacob; Silverberg, Daniel
Spontaneous sac size regression of a giant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a rare event that has not been previously described. We report a case of an 89-year-old woman with a known 9-cm AAA, which was diagnosed in 2003. The patient had refused any kind of treatment at that time. Recent imaging studies obtained 7 years later revealed an AAA of 4 cm diameter. This is the first recorded case of significant spontaneous AAA sac shrinkage. PMID:21444348
Giant horseshoe intra-abdominal abscess.
Altemeier, W A; Culbertson, W R; Fidler, J P
A study of 12 patients with giant horseshoe abscess of the abdominal and pelvic cavities seen at the Surgical Services of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center has emphasized the complexity and bizarre nature of these lesions. These infections represented a huge abscess or series of communicating abscesses extending from one subphrenic space along the corresponding paracolic gutter into the pelvis, up and along the opposite paracolic space, and into the other subphrenic space. Since these lesions occurred infrequently, they were often not recognized until they had become far advanced and had produced profound effects on the patients. The diagnosis was difficult and obscured by various factors including the postoperative state after laparotomy for complex diseases or serious injuries of the biliary tract, the genitourinary tract, or the alimentary tract. An important etiologic component of the formation of these giant abscesses was the continuing escape and collection of large volumes of fluid resulting from lesions of the biliary tract, postoperative hemorrhage, or an unrecognized large perforated peptic ulcer. Nine patients were treated successfully and 3 died. The many diagnostic and therapeutic problems presented by the patients with this interesting and complex lesion have emphasized the importance of earlier and more accurate diagnosis, early and adequate surgical drainage, intelligently applied antibiotic therapy and appropriate supportive treatment. Failure to recognize and drain effectively each of the component sections of this lesion led to continuing sepsis with prolonged morbidity, progressive debility, and death. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. PMID:1079447
Giant Perineal Leiomyoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Picon, Antonio I.
We report the case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with a large perineal mass with no rectal or vaginal involvement. Imaging could not rule out malignancy. She underwent wide surgical excision. Histological analysis revealed a large atypical leiomyoma, measuring 24 × 12 × 8 cm. Followup after two years showed no recurrence and she has been asymptomatic since surgery. This is the largest perineal leiomyoma reported so far. PMID:24991446
Malignant transformation of uterine leiomyoma
Al Ansari, Afaf A.; Al Hail, Fatima A.; Abboud, Emad
A rare case of malignant transformation of uterine leiomyoma is reported. A 54 year old lady, nulliparous and 2 years postmenopausal presented to gynecology clinic with a pelvi – abdominal mass and ultrasound scan suggestive of multiple uterine fibroid. Total abdominal hysterectomy performed. Histopathology report showed leiomyosarcomative changes from benign leiomyoma within the huge mass. PMID:25003044
Effects of a single rectal dose of Misoprostol prior to abdominal hysterectomy in women with symptomatic leiomyoma: a randomized double blind clinical trial
Tabatabai, Afsarosadat; Karimi-Zarchi, Mojgan; Meibodi, Bahare; Vaghefi, Marzie; Yazdian, Pouria; Zeidabadi, Mahbube; Dehghani, Atefe; Teimoori, Soraya; Jamali, Azadeh; Akhondi, Mehdi
Background Fibroma, the most common benign pelvic tumor in women, affects 25 to 30% of women of reproductive age. Primary treatment for patients with symptomatic or large fibroma is surgery. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single rectal dose of Misoprostol on bleeding during abdominal hysterectomy. Methods This double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 80 candidates for abdominal hysterectomy, due to uterine myoma, in the Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd in 2012. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of single rectal dose of Misoprostol on peri-operational abdominal hysterectomy bleeding. Following administration of 400 micrograms of Misoprostol in the case group (n=40), predetermined criteria were compared with control group (n=40). Results Volume of bleeding during the operation was significantly lower in cases where Misoprostol was used. (268.71 ± 156.85 vs. 350.38 ± 152.61 cc in the case and control groups, respectively). Our findings also showed that Hemoglobin (Hb) levels before, 8, and 30 hours following the operation differed significantly (p=0.001), but these changes were similar in both groups. Pre-operative Hb levels were 11.90 ± 1.7 and 11.90 ± 2.0 in the case and control groups, respectively. Conclusion A single rectal dose of Misoprostol has positive effect on reducing peri-operational bleeding in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy due to symptomatic leiomyoma. PMID:26516444
Leiomyomas in patients receiving Tamoxifen.
Leo, L; Lanza, A; Re, A; Tessarolo, M; Bellino, R; Lauricella, A; Wierdis, T
In literature there have been only 8 cases of unavoidable laparotomy due to uterine leiomyomas performed in patients with breast cancer on Tamoxifen (TAM). Our article describes two cases of rapidly growing leiomyomas in patients treated with TAM: one of these underwent abdominal hysterectomy while the second stopped taking TAM and began therapy with Triptorelin. This therapeutical alternative could be a useful choice. PMID:8070124
Leiomyoma - intestine ... McLaughlin P, Maher MM. The duodenum and small intestine. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer- ... Roline CE, Reardon RF. Disorders of the small intestine. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et ...
Giant adrenal hemangioma: Unusual cause of huge abdominal mass
Tarchouli, Mohamed; Boudhas, Adil; Ratbi, Moulay Brahim; Essarghini, Mohamed; Njoumi, Noureddine; Sair, Khalid; Zentar, Aziz
Adrenal hemangioma is an extremely rare benign and non-functioning neoplasm of the adrenal gland. We report a case of a 71-year-old woman admitted for intermittent abdominal pain and abdominal distension associated with vomiting and chronic constipation for 5 years. Physical examination revealed a large abdominal mass. Both computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging suggested hemangioma in the right lobe of the liver. Laboratory examinations and tumour markers were within normal limits, except for hypochromic microcytic anemia. The mass was removed intact by conventional surgery and histopathology revealed a cavernous hemangioma of the adrenal gland with no signs of malignancy. Surgical resection was curative, with no recurrence at the 2-year follow-up. PMID:26600897
Unaware of a large leiomyoma: A case report with respect to unusual symptoms of large leiomyomas
Mülayim, Barış
Introduction Uterine leiomyoma, which arises from uterine smooth muscle, is the most common benign gynecologic tumor of the female pelvis. Clinically, these leiomyomas are diagnosed in approximately 25% of women, the prevalence increases during reproductive age, decreases after menopause, and they are rare in adolescents. In addition to uterine leiomyoma, there are also extrauterine leiomyomas. Presentation of case A 48-year-old multiparous woman visited our outpatient clinic for routine control. She had no symptoms or complaints. Her last health service visit was over 5 years ago, in which she was told that she had a small uterine leiomyoma, which did not require further management. Abdominal examination revealed a large mass extended above the umbilicus, and there was no abdominal tenderness. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a large solid mass occupying the abdomen. Routine laboratory test results were normal, except the hemoglobin level, which was 7.88 g/dl. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The final diagnosis was a 17-cm, 3985-g intramural, myomatous, cellular leiomyoma that occurred without secondary changes, necrosis, cellular atypia, or mitosis. Discussion The most common presenting symptoms of large uterine leiomyomas are abnormal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and tumor bulk-related signs. Moreover, there are unusual symptoms or clinical manifestations such as acute edema, thrombosis, ulcer, plethora, calcified pelvic masses, hematometra, severe pulmonary hypertension, and respiratory failure; hence, they can be even life threatening. Conclusion Patients might have no symptoms or might be unaware of the presence of a large uterine leiomyoma, as in our case; however, large leiomyomas have various unusual symptoms in addition to the common ones. These symptoms should not be disregarded or underestimated. PMID:26904195
Multiple giant intra abdominal lipomas: A rare presentation
Kshirsagar, Ashok Y.; Nangare, Nitin R.; Gupta, Vaibhav; Vekariya, Mayank A.; Patankar, Ritvij; Mahna, Abhishek; Wader, J.V.
INTRODUCTION Solitary or multiple lipomas, composed of mature fat, represents by far the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm occurring throughout the whole body, but they rarely originate in the intestinal mesentery. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 60-year-old male presented with left sided abdominal distension and pain since 4 months, ultrasonography and computerized tomography abdomen was suggestive of multiple well-defined fat density lesions in the lower abdomen and pelvis. USG guided fine needle aspiration cytology was conclusive of a spindle cell lesion. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and multiple major fat tissue swellings were excised. Histopathology confirmed it to be spindle cell type of lipoma. DISCUSSION Because of the silent nature the exact prevalence of lipomas is unknown. It can arise in any location in which fat is normally present, reported intra abdominal lipomas have been very rare. Clinical manifestations depend on the size and location of the growth. In most patients, symptoms are few or absent. USG and CT scan abdomen are used for the diagnosis. Complete surgical excision being the only treatment. CONCLUSION Intra abdominal lipoma is a very rare entity, and many cases might be ignored due to their silent nature. They might or might not present with any symptoms. Complete surgical excision being the only treatment, with a very good prognosis. PMID:24862028
A Case of Giant Uterine Lipoleiomyoma Simulating Malignancy
Karaman, Erbil; Çim, Numan; Bulut, Gülay; Elçi, Gülhan; Andıç, Esra; Tekin, Mustafa; Kolusarı, Ali
Introduction. Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign pathology in women and lipoleiomyoma is an extremely rare and specific type of leiomyoma. Here, we report an unusual case of giant pedunculated subserous lipoleiomyoma misdiagnosed preoperatively as leiomyosarcoma. Case. A 45-year-old woman admitted to our gynecology outpatient clinic for complaints of abdominal distention, tiredness, and pelvic pain for the last 6 months. Sonography and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant semisolid mass that filled whole abdominal cavity from pelvis to subdiaphragmatic area. A primary diagnosis of uterine sarcoma or ovarian malignancy was made. On operation, total abdominal hysterectomy with a pedunculated mass of size 30 × 23 × 12 cm and weighing 5.4 kg and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The histopathology revealed a lipoleiomyoma with extensive cystic and fatty degeneration without any malignancy. Discussion. The diagnosis of leiomyoma is done usually with pelvic ultrasound but sometimes it is difficult to reach a correct diagnosis especially in cases of giant and pedunculated lipoleiomyoma that included fatty tissue which may mimick malignancy. Conclusion. Subserous pedunculated giant lipoleiomyoma should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma or ovarian malignancy. PMID:26266066
Kapakli, Mahmut Sertan; Altintoprak, Fatih; Cayırcı, Mine; Manukyan, Manuk Norayk; Kebudi, Abut
Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms of the skin. They arise from vascular, arrector pili, genital, and areolar smooth muscles. The most common localizations of cutaneous leiomyomas are the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the trunk. To our knowledge, only few cases of one-sided nipple leiomyomas have been reported, but two-sided nipple leiomyomas have not been presented. For the first time, here, we report a bilateral nipple leiomyoma. PMID:23762734
Wu, Peng; Venkatachalam, Jonathen; Lee, Victor Kwan Min
Abstract Leiomyoma is a smooth muscle neoplasm that commonly occurs in the genitourinary system and the gastrointestinal tract of the body. Primary pulmonary leiomyoma is rarely reported in literature. We report a rare case of primary pulmonary leiomyoma of a 55‐year‐old male patient presenting with symptoms of cough for six months. PMID:27516882
Wu, Peng; Venkatachalam, Jonathen; Lee, Victor Kwan Min; Tan, Sze Khen
Leiomyoma is a smooth muscle neoplasm that commonly occurs in the genitourinary system and the gastrointestinal tract of the body. Primary pulmonary leiomyoma is rarely reported in literature. We report a rare case of primary pulmonary leiomyoma of a 55-year-old male patient presenting with symptoms of cough for six months. PMID:27516882
Tuberculosis Endometritis Presenting as A Leiomyoma
Shirazi, Mahboobeh; Shahbazi, Fatemeh; Pirzadeh, Leila; Mohammadi, Seyed Rahim; Ghaffari, Parisa; Eftekhar, Tahereh
Genitourinary tuberculosis is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. Taking into consideration that genitourinary tuberculosis may be associated with a diversity of presentations, its diagnoses may be difficult. A young woman with an initial presumptive diagnosis of a uterine leiomyoma presented with abdominal pain and a pelvic mass that after further investigations, she was diagnosed with genital tuberculosis. PMID:25780530
Blagovest, Bechev; Magunska, Nadya; Kovachev, Emil; Ivanov, Stefan
Leiomyomas of the Fallopian tubes are rare and their correct diagnosis is extremely difficult. Usually they are incidental findings seen at autopsy or unrelated surgical procedures: A 34-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed a solid 7 cm extrauterine mass. Both ovaries are normal. Our preoperative diagnosis was torsion of the fallopian tube due intratubal leiomyoma. Laparoscopic surgery was performed and the leiomyoma was found to have originated from the isthmus of the right Fallopian tube. Laparoscopic myomectomy was performed with preservation of the ramus tubarius dextra. The histological examination concluded to a leiomyoma with ischemic changes. We report a case of torsion of a tubal leiomyoma, which was successfully managed laparoscopically. PMID:27509659
A Giant Intra Abdominal Mass Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Presentation of Renal Angiomyolipoma.
Haque, M E; Rahman, M A; Kaisar, I; Islam, M F; Salam, M A
Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign tumor commonly found in kidney than extra renal sites. Most of the small renal angiomyolipomas are diagnosed incidentally on ultrasound and other imaging studies. Some renal AMLs present clinically when become very big, giant renal angiomyolipoma. Although almost all cases are benign, a relatively rare variant of epitheloid angiomyolipoma has got malignant potential and can even metastasize. Ultrasonography, CT and MRI scan are usually used for diagnosis of angiomyolipoma with high level of accuracy; even though some lesions may be confused as renal cell carcinoma on imaging studies. Here, a 48 year old man presented with a large intra-abdominal mass preoperatively diagnosed as a case of right renal cell carcinoma and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed epitheloid angiomyolipoma (EAML). PMID:27612907
Corpa, J M; Martínez, C M
Leiomyomas are benign tumours, which are frequently found in animal species. However, the presence of leiomyomas in domestic ruminants has been rarely reported, especially in sheep. This report describes the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a leiomyoma in the uterine body of a sheep and discusses the different aetiological causes. This is the first description of a leiomyoma in sheep in Spain. PMID:19210663
Bladder leiomyoma presenting as dyspareunia
Xin, Jun; Lai, Hai-ping; Lin, Shao-kun; Zhang, Qing-quan; Shao, Chu-xiao; Jin, Lie; Lei, Wen-hui
Abstract Introduction: Leiomyoma of the bladder is a rare tumor arising from the submucosa. Most patients with bladder leiomyoma may present with urinary frequency or obstructive urinary symptoms. However, there are a few cases of bladder leiomyoma coexisting with uterine leiomyoma presenting as dyspareunia. We herein report an unusual case of coexisting bladder leiomyoma and uterine leiomyoma presenting as dyspareunia. Case presentation: A 44-year-old Asian female presented to urologist and complained that she had experienced dyspareunia over the preceding several months. A pelvic ultrasonography revealed a mass lesion located in the trigone of urinary bladder. The mass lesion was confirmed on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The CT scan also revealed a lobulated and enlarged uterus consistent with uterine leiomyoma. Then, the biopsies were then taken with a transurethral resection (TUR) loop and these biopsies showed a benign proliferation of smooth muscle in a connective tissue stroma suggestive of bladder leiomyoma. An open local excision of bladder leiomyoma and hysteromyomectomy were performed successfully. Histological examination confirmed bladder leiomyoma coexisting with uterine leiomyoma. Conclusion: This case highlights a rare presentation of bladder leiomyoma, dyspareunia, as the chief symptom in a patient who had coexisting uterine leiomyoma. Bladder leiomyomas coexisting with uterine leiomyomas are rare and can present with a wide spectrum of complaints including without symptoms, irritative symptoms, obstructive symptoms, or even dyspareunia. PMID:27428187
Geethamala, Kempula; Murthy, Venkataramappa Srinivasa; Vani, Bangalore Ramalingiah; Rao, Sudha
Introduction: Leiomyomas are benign tumors composed of smooth muscle cells and varying amounts of fibrous connective tissue commonly encountered in women of reproductive age group. Leiomyomas need hormonal milieu for their growth and maintenance. Unopposed estrogenic stimulation manifests as leiomyomas undergoing secondary changes, endometrial proliferation or hyperplasia, and other associated pathological findings. Objective: To study and analyze various histopathological changes within uterine leiomyomas in hysterectomy specimens. And also, to analyze the associated endometrial and adnexal structures pathology. Materials and Methods: A 4 years retrospective study from June 2010 to June 2014 conducted in the Department of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, wherein 820 hysterectomy specimens clinically diagnosed as uterine leiomyomas were subjected to histopathological examination and relevant clinical data were analyzed. Results: Leiomyomas occurred mostly in women aged 31-50 years (90.23%). Menorrhagia (49.36%) and pain abdomen (30.6%) were the chief clinical manifestations. Endometrial patterns commonly seen were proliferative and hyperplastic endometrium together accounting for 73.4% and dual pathology with adenomyosis was 29.1%. Four cases of tubercular etiology and a single case of granulosa cell tumor of ovary was noted. Conclusion: Though hysterectomy is a routine procedure in the management of uterine leiomyomas, occasional cases of tumor or infective pathology may be missed. Therefore, histopathology is mandatory and conscientious quest must be done for confirmed diagnosis and ensuring optimal management. PMID:27134477
Siristatidis, Charalampos; Vaidakis, Dennis; Rigos, Ioannis; Chrelias, George; Papantoniou, Nikolaos
Leiomyomas are the commonest benign tumor in the female reproductive tract. Even though their role on infertility is still questionable, evidence to date suggest that the anatomic location may be related to reproductive outcomes. Several possible mechanisms suggest that leiomyomas may affect fertility, especially in terms of the anatomical distortion of endometrial cavity, the abnormal uterine contractility, reduced blood supply to the endometrium and altered endometrial receptivity. The effect of leiomyomas on IVF outcomes has been the subject of many studies; however, a definitive direction is yet required to adjust clinical management accordingly. Management of leiomyomas is challenging in terms of clinical decision, especially among subfertile patients, since potential treatment complications and their consequences in endometrial dynamics should be also accounted. Expectant management is recommended for asymptomatic patients, whereas in symptomatic subfertile patients, medical and/ or surgical management is usually recommended. PMID:26824506
Combined therapy of NPWT and bipedicled flap as an alternative approach for giant abdominal wall defect with significant visceral edema: report of a case
Yasui, Go; Furukawa, Hiroshi; Warabi, Takehiro; Hayashi, Toshihiko; Oyama, Akihiko; Funayama, Emi; Yamamoto, Yuhei
Abstract Open abdomen management is commonly used for the critically injured patients to avoid abdominal compartment syndrome. But it usually continues for days to weeks and finally results in abdominal wall defect that is too wide to close at once. This article presents an alternative approach to close the giant abdominal wall defect by using the combination of bipedicled flaps with the components separation technique and V.A.C.® system.
Pathologic features of uteri and leiomyomas following uterine artery embolization for leiomyomas.
Colgan, Terence J; Pron, Gaylene; Mocarski, Eva J M; Bennett, John D; Asch, Murray R; Common, Andrew
The objectives of this study were to identify the presence/absence and location of any embolic material and to describe the morphologic appearance of the leiomyoma and adjacent tissues of cases undergoing surgical intervention following uterine artery embolization (UAE) for leiomyomas. A total of 555 women underwent UAE using polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) in a multicenter clinical trial. The histopathologic slides from 17 of 18 women who subsequently underwent myomectomy or hysterectomy in the follow-up period (median 8.2 months) were reviewed without knowledge of the indication for surgery or time elapsed since UAE. The presence/absence and distribution of PVA emboli, associated inflammatory response, and necrosis were noted. Necrosis of leiomyoma(s) was classified as hyaline-type, coagulative tumor cell necrosis, and/or acute suppurative necrosis. In all cases PVA emboli were identified within smooth muscle tumors of the uterine body, its periphery, cervix, uterine body, myometrium, and/or the adnexa. A florid foreign body giant cell type of chronic inflammatory reaction was seen within 1 week of UAE and persisted with visible PVA for up to 14 months post-UAE. Typically, post-UAE leiomyomas showed hyaline-type, but rarely coagulative tumor cell necrosis and acute suppurative necrosis could be seen as well. Five of eight cases coming to surgery for complications showed necrotizing endomyometritis with tissue infarction. PVA particles are recognizable in post-UAE specimens. Leiomyoma necrosis is typically of the hyaline type; coagulative tumor cell necrosis was rarely seen. In some cases with complications, uterine and/or cervical necrosis occurred. The applicability of these findings for UAE patients who have been successfully treated and not resected is uncertain. PMID:12548162
A giant adrenal lipoma presenting in a woman with chronic mild postprandial abdominal pain: a case report
Introduction Adrenal lipomas are rare, small, benign, non-functioning tumors, which must be histopathologically differentiated from other tumors such as myelolipomas or liposarcomas. They are usually identified incidentally during autopsy, imaging, or laparotomy. Occasionally, they may present acutely due to complications such as abdominal pain from retroperitoneal bleeding, or systemic symptoms of infection. We report a giant adrenal lipoma (to the best of our knowledge, the second largest in the literature) clinically presenting with chronic mild postprandial pain. Case presentation A 54-year-old Caucasian woman presented several times over a period of 10 years to various emergency departments complaining of long-term mild postprandial abdominal pain. Although clinical examinations were unrevealing, an abdominal computed tomography scan performed at her most recent presentation led to the identification of a large lipoma of the left adrenal gland, which occupied most of the retroperitoneal space. Myelolipoma was ruled out due to the absence of megakaryocytes, immature leukocytes, or erythrocytes. Liposarcoma was ruled out due to the absence of lipoblasts. The size of the lipoma (16 × 14 × 7 cm) is, to the best of our knowledge, the second largest reported to date. After surgical resection, our patient was relieved of her symptoms and remains healthy six years postoperatively. Conclusion Physicians should be aware that differential diagnosis of mild chronic abdominal pain in patients presenting in emergency rooms may include large adrenal lipomas. When initial diagnostic investigation is not revealing, out-patient specialist evaluation should be planned to enable appropriate further investigations. PMID:21466677
Leiomyoma in a Renal Allograft.
Li, Yan Jun; Siriwardana, Amila Rohan; Symons, James Lawrence Penn; O'Neill, Gordon Francis; Qiu, Min Ru; Furlong, Timothy John
Leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumours that are rarely found in the kidney. There is one report of a leiomyoma in a kidney transplant in a paediatric recipient. Here, we report an adult renal transplant recipient who developed an Epstein-Barr virus-positive leiomyoma in his allograft 15 years after transplantation. The patient was converted to everolimus for posttransplant immunosuppression management and there was no sign of progression over a year. PMID:27195169
Leiomyoma in a Renal Allograft
Li, Yan Jun; Siriwardana, Amila Rohan; Symons, James Lawrence Penn; O'Neill, Gordon Francis; Qiu, Min Ru; Furlong, Timothy John
Leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumours that are rarely found in the kidney. There is one report of a leiomyoma in a kidney transplant in a paediatric recipient. Here, we report an adult renal transplant recipient who developed an Epstein-Barr virus-positive leiomyoma in his allograft 15 years after transplantation. The patient was converted to everolimus for posttransplant immunosuppression management and there was no sign of progression over a year. PMID:27195169
Siristatidis, Charalampos; Vogiatzi, Paraskevi; Polizou, Hlektra; Fascilla, Fabiana D; Bettocchi, Stefano
Uterine leiomyomas represent a major health problem for women in reproductive age, as these benign monoclonal tumors introduce a pathological state in the female reproductive system structure and function. Despite their common clinical occurrence, the etiology of their incidence remains unclear. Several theories have been proposed in an attempt to clarify the etiology and route of tumor formation in leiomyomas, with estrogen/progesterone and several growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, genes and microRNAs to have been implied as key regulators in their growth. The structured theories presented so far indicate multiple candidates or an occurring interplay between these factors, with the reported findings to denote a composite molecular and biological involvement to attribute to the nature of their pathogenesis. Undoubtedly the evolving molecular technologies and recent developments allow a faster assembly of a vast array of data that should ultimately contribute in the establishment of the etiology and the related events leading to leiomyoma formation to ensure a more targeted management and treatment of the affected individuals. PMID:26824507
Clonally related uterine leiomyomas are common and display branched tumor evolution.
Mehine, Miika; Heinonen, Hanna-Riikka; Sarvilinna, Nanna; Pitkänen, Esa; Mäkinen, Netta; Katainen, Riku; Tuupanen, Sari; Bützow, Ralf; Sjöberg, Jari; Aaltonen, Lauri A
Uterine leiomyomas are extremely frequent benign smooth muscle tumors often presenting as multiple concurrent lesions and causing symptoms such as abnormal menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain and infertility. While most leiomyomas are believed to arise independently, a few studies have encountered separate lesions harboring identical genetic changes, suggesting a common clonal origin. To investigate the frequency of clonally related leiomyomas, genome-wide tools need to be utilized, and thus little is known about this phenomenon. Using MED12 sequencing and SNP arrays, we searched for clonally related uterine leiomyomas in a set of 103 tumors from 14 consecutive patients who entered hysterectomy owing to symptomatic lesions. Whole-genome sequencing was also utilized to study the genomic architecture of clonally related tumors. This revealed four patients to have two or more tumors that were clonally related, all of which lacked MED12 mutations. Furthermore, some tumors were composed of genetically distinct subclones, indicating a nonlinear, branched model of tumor evolution. DEPDC5 was discovered as a novel tumor suppressor gene playing a role in the progression of uterine leiomyomas. Perhaps counterintuitively—considering Knudson's two-hit hypothesis—a large shared deletion was followed by different truncating DEPDC5 mutations in four clonally related leiomyomas. This study provides insight into the intratumor heterogeneity of these tumors and suggests that a shared clonal origin is a common feature of leiomyomas that do not carry an MED12 mutation. These observations also offer one explanation to the common occurrence of multiple concurrent lesions. PMID:25964426
Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma.
Pacheco-Rodriguez, Gustavo; Taveira-DaSilva, Angelo M; Moss, Joel
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare and poorly characterized disease affecting primarily premenopausal women. Asymptomatic patients are often diagnosed incidentally by radiographs or other lung-imaging procedures performed for other indications, and the diagnosis is eventually confirmed by biopsy. Patients with BML are usually treated pharmacologically with antiestrogen therapies or surgically with oophorectomy or hysterectomy. Antiestrogen therapy is typically efficacious and, in general, most patients have a favorable prognosis. Asymptomatic patients with a confirmed diagnosis of BML, may be followed conservatively without treatment. PMID:27514603
Primary hepatic leiomyoma: unusual cause of an intrahepatic mass.
Vyas, Soumil; Psica, Alicja; Watkins, Jennifer; Yu, Dominic; Davidson, Brian
Leiomyomas are benign lesions arising from the smooth muscle layer. They are most commonly detected either within the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts. Primary hepatic leiomyoma (PHL) is a rare pathology. It is an isolated pathology within the liver, without evidence of any other coexisting leiomyomas. Very few cases have been described in literature. PHL may occur in healthy individuals although an association with immunodeficiency and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been observed. Majority of the reported cases have been in females. A 20-year-old female patient presented with abdominal symptoms. MRI confirmed an 8 cm mass, with very low signal intensity on T2 images and peripheral rim enhancement on gadolinium. A laparoscopic left lateral sectorectomy was performed. Final histopathology confirmed the presence of benign lesion with spindle cell and smooth muscle proliferation and a fibro-vascular stroma compatible with a leiomyoma. There was no evidence of any leiomyomatous lesion elsewhere in the body. A rare diagnosis of PHL was therefore established. Acknowledging the rare incidence of this lesion, we report the same and review the relevant literature. PHL is usually a retrospective diagnosis, confirmed on histo-pathology assessment of the resected specimen. Liver resection is required in these patients due to the presence of symptoms, in the presence of a solid mass lesion within the liver. Surgery is thus definitive, diagnostic cum therapeutic. PMID:25992372
Leiomyoma of External Auditory Canal.
George, M V; Puthiyapurayil, Jamsheeda
This article reports a case of piloleiomyoma of external auditory canal, which is the 7th case of leiomyoma of the external auditory canal being reported and the 2nd case of leiomyoma arising from arrectores pilorum muscles, all the other five cases were angioleiomyomas, arising from blood vessels. A 52 years old male presented with a mass in the right external auditory canal and decreased hearing of 6 months duration. Tumor excision done by end aural approach. Histopathological examination report was leiomyoma. It is extremely rare for leiomyoma to occur in the external auditory canal because of the non-availability of smooth muscles in the external canal. So it should be considered as a very rare differential diagnosis for any tumor or polyp in the ear canal. PMID:27508144
Heegaard, S; Prause, J U
A 43-year-old Caucasian male, presented with a swelling of the left caruncle which had persisted for more than ten years. Clinical examination showed a small, smooth, not painful 2x2x2 mm tumor located at the caruncle. There were no signs of orbital involvement. Histologically, the tumor was composed of interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with bright eosinophilic cytoplasm and cigar-shaped nuclei. Mitotic activity was not observed and the tumor showed no atypia or pleomorphism. The tumor cells reacted with the reticulum stain and Masson trichrome. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, SMA, MSA, CD34, laminin and a scattered number for S-100. The tumor was classified as a leiomyoma of the caruncle and is the first described in this localisation. The origin of the tumor is discussed. PMID:9881563
Medical Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma
Sabry, Mohamed; Al-Hendy, Ayman
Uterine leiomyomas (also called myomata or fibroids) are the most common gynecologic tumors in the United States. The prevalence of leiomyomas is at least 3 to 4 times higher among African American women than in white women. Pathologically, uterine leiomyomas are benign tumors that arise in any part of the uterus under the influence of local growth factors and sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. These common tumors cause significant morbidity for women and they are considered to be the most common indication for hysterectomy in the world; they are also associated with a substantial economic impact on health care systems that amounts to approximately $2.2 billion/year in the United States alone. Uterine myomas cause several reproductive problems such as heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pressure, infertility, and several obstetrical complications including miscarriage and preterm labor. Surgery has traditionally been the gold standard for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas and has typically consisted of either hysterectomy or myomectomy. In recent years, a few clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of orally administered medications for the management of leiomyoma-related symptoms. In the present review, we will discuss these promising medical treatments in further detail. PMID:22378865
Kang, T. B.; Holmberg, D. L.
The surgical treatment of vaginal leiomyoma in a seven year old Blue Heeler bitch is described. A smooth, 12 cm diameter submucosal, intraluminal, firm mass was found on vaginal examination. It appeared to arise from the left ventral vaginal wall, cranial to the clitoris but caudal to the cervix. There was no history of urinary problems and the dog was normal in all other aspects. The treatment was surgical excision of the mass via an episiotomy. Histological examination indicated a leiomyoma. The differential diagnoses, possible etiologies and control or prevention of the condition by ovariohysterectomy are also discussed. ImagesFigure 1.Figure 2. PMID:17422296
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma in triple location: lungs, parametria and appendix
Raś, Renata; Książek, Mariusz; Skręt-Magierło, Joanna; Kąziołka, Wojciech; Fudali, Ludmiła; Filipowska, Justyna; Skręt, Andrzej
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) usually are situated in one organ, most often in lungs. BML patients typically have a history of uterine leiomyoma treated with hysterectomy, myomectomy or subtotal hysterectomy. The aim of the study was to present the case of a 53-year-old woman with triple location in the lungs, parametria and appendix. She had undergone a myomectomy 26 years earlier. In 2015, she was admitted to the surgical department because of abdominal pain, whereupon a cholecystectomy was performed. CT scans showed pelvic mass with pulmonary metastasis. Upon discharge the patient was referred to the Gynecology Clinic, where a laparotomy was performed. The intraoperative findings were: 1) uterus with multiple leiomyomas, 2) four tumors in the parametria, 3) tumor connected to the appendix. A subtotal hysterectomy, with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, removal of the tumors from the parametria and appendectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining (strongly positive for estrogen receptors and SMA, while Ki67 was very low, below 1%). Upon postoperative recovery, the patient was referred to the Thoracic Surgery Department. During the thoracotomy, multiple nodes, surrounded by lung parenchyma, were revealed. Wedge resection was performed, for localized pulmonary lesions, and sent for pathological examination. The final pathological diagnosis was benign metastasizing leiomyomatosis. In conclusion, the triple location of BML could possibly be a result of a parallel different metastasizing mechanism, although it is impossible to exclude one mechanism, which may be the cause of the metastases in three locations. PMID:27582687
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma in triple location: lungs, parametria and appendix.
Raś, Renata; Książek, Mariusz; Barnaś, Edyta; Skręt-Magierło, Joanna; Kąziołka, Wojciech; Fudali, Ludmiła; Filipowska, Justyna; Skręt, Andrzej
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) usually are situated in one organ, most often in lungs. BML patients typically have a history of uterine leiomyoma treated with hysterectomy, myomectomy or subtotal hysterectomy. The aim of the study was to present the case of a 53-year-old woman with triple location in the lungs, parametria and appendix. She had undergone a myomectomy 26 years earlier. In 2015, she was admitted to the surgical department because of abdominal pain, whereupon a cholecystectomy was performed. CT scans showed pelvic mass with pulmonary metastasis. Upon discharge the patient was referred to the Gynecology Clinic, where a laparotomy was performed. The intraoperative findings were: 1) uterus with multiple leiomyomas, 2) four tumors in the parametria, 3) tumor connected to the appendix. A subtotal hysterectomy, with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, removal of the tumors from the parametria and appendectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis based on morphology and immunohistochemical staining (strongly positive for estrogen receptors and SMA, while Ki67 was very low, below 1%). Upon postoperative recovery, the patient was referred to the Thoracic Surgery Department. During the thoracotomy, multiple nodes, surrounded by lung parenchyma, were revealed. Wedge resection was performed, for localized pulmonary lesions, and sent for pathological examination. The final pathological diagnosis was benign metastasizing leiomyomatosis. In conclusion, the triple location of BML could possibly be a result of a parallel different metastasizing mechanism, although it is impossible to exclude one mechanism, which may be the cause of the metastases in three locations. PMID:27582687
Ovarian Leiomyoma Along with Uterine Leiomyomata: A Common Tumour at an Uncommon Site.
Gunasekaran, Indira; Phansalkar, Manjiri; Palo, Lal Bahadur; Varghese, Renu G'Boy
Ovarian leiomyoma is one of the rarest benign tumours of the ovary, mostly seen in women of reproductive age group. Here we report a case of ovarian leiomyoma as an incidental finding in a patient of 38-year-old woman with uterine leiomyomata. Peroperatively, her left ovary appeared bulky & she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy. Macroscopically, in addition to uterine leiomyomata, a grey-white solid mass was seen entirely within the ovary without any capsular breach. Microscopically, the ovarian mass resembled its uterine counterpart without any evidence of atypia or necrosis. Masson trichrome stain & immunohistochemistry for desmin positivity confirmed the smooth muscle origin of the tumour cells. Despite its rarity, ovarian leiomyoma has to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of ovarian spindle cell tumours. In difficult cases, immunohistochemistry aids the diagnosis. PMID:26674537
Ovarian Leiomyoma Along with Uterine Leiomyomata: A Common Tumour at an Uncommon Site
Phansalkar, Manjiri; Palo, Lal Bahadur; Varghese, Renu G'Boy
Ovarian leiomyoma is one of the rarest benign tumours of the ovary, mostly seen in women of reproductive age group. Here we report a case of ovarian leiomyoma as an incidental finding in a patient of 38-year-old woman with uterine leiomyomata. Peroperatively, her left ovary appeared bulky & she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with left salpingo-oophorectomy. Macroscopically, in addition to uterine leiomyomata, a grey-white solid mass was seen entirely within the ovary without any capsular breach. Microscopically, the ovarian mass resembled its uterine counterpart without any evidence of atypia or necrosis. Masson trichrome stain & immunohistochemistry for desmin positivity confirmed the smooth muscle origin of the tumour cells. Despite its rarity, ovarian leiomyoma has to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of ovarian spindle cell tumours. In difficult cases, immunohistochemistry aids the diagnosis. PMID:26674537
Leiomyoma of Scrotum: a Rare Case Report
Rana, Shweta; Sharma, Puja; Singh, Pawan; Satarkar, Rahul N
Leiomyomas are benign tumors that originate from smooth muscle cells. Leiomyomas are well known to be the commonest neoplasm arising from the uterus but leiomyomas originating from the scrotum is a rare entity. They originate from the subcutaneous tissue or tunica dartos and can be solitary or multiple. We present a case of solitary scrotal leiomyoma in a 75 years old male who presented with a slowly growing, painless, firm, mobile 4cm lump in right side of scrotum. Clinically, it was provisionally diagnosed as sebaceous cyst and was excised. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed findings consistent with Leiomyoma. There was no cytological atypia or mitosis. The final diagnosis of scrotal leiomyoma was given. PMID:26351492
An unusually large leiomyoma of the prostate.
Kapp, Brian; Abarzua-Cabezas, Fernando; Cusano, Antonio; Meraney, Anoop
Prostate leiomyomas are benign mesenchymal smooth muscle tumors devoid of glandular elements within the prostate or juxta-prostatic position. Leiomyomas develop in organs containing smooth muscle, including the kidney, bladder and seminal vesicle. Prostate leiomyomas are either a pure form or associated with benign prostate hyperplasia, and diagnosis is challenging, with definitive identification relying on pathology. However, imaging techniques, such as MRI, have proven to be useful diagnostic tools. We report on a 57-year-old male with lower urinary tract symptomatology who was diagnosed with a large prostate leiomyoma and underwent an open radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. PMID:24529022
Uterine leiomyoma causing menometrorrhagia with a concomitant mature teratoma in a 15-year-old child: a case report and review of the literature.
Naiditch, Jessica A; Milad, Magdy P; Rowell, Erin E
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common uterine tumor in adult females but is rare in the pediatric population with only 10 previous cases reported. We describe the unique case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain and menometrorrhagia and was found to have a uterine leiomyoma as well as a mature ovarian teratoma that required surgical resection. We review diagnostic imaging and optimal management for the 2 gynecologic masses in this teenage girl. PMID:22008360
Uterine Leiomyomas: Safety and Efficacy of US-guided Suprapubic Transvaginal Radiofrequency Ablation at 1-year Follow-up.
Wu, Xiang-Jun; Guo, Qing; Cao, Bing-Sheng; Tan, Li-Xia; Zhang, Hong-Yu; Cai, Yu-Ru; Gao, Bu-Lang
Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasonography (US)-guided suprapubic transvaginal (ST) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas at 1-year follow-up. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this prospective study, and all patients provided informed consent. ST RFA was performed as an outpatient procedure 3 days after menstruation in 51 women (age range, 32-52 years; mean age, 42.2 years) with 62 leiomyomas. The leiomyomas were assessed with conventional and contrast material-enhanced US before and after ST RFA for leiomyoma size, location, and blood flow. All patients were evaluated for postoperative complications, including abdominal pain, injury to surrounding tissues and organs, vaginal bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, fever, dyspnea, and menorrhagia, after ST RFA and at follow-up visits. The leiomyoma volumes, improvement in leiomyoma-related symptoms, effect on quality of life (QOL), and patient satisfaction were assessed and compared before and after ST RFA and at follow-up visits by using statistical analyses. Results Sixty-two leiomyomas were successfully treated with ST RFA until 90% of the leiomyoma was echogenic. At 1-month follow-up, 46 (74%) leiomyomas had no contrast enhancement, five (8%) had peripheral enhancement, eight (13%) had focal enhancement, and three (5%) had scattered enhancement at contrast-enhanced US. At 6-month follow-up, the number of leiomyomas that had no enhancement, peripheral enhancement, focal enhancement, or scattered enhancement was 43 (69%), seven (11%), nine (15%), and three (5%), respectively. The leiomyoma volumes were significantly (P < .05) reduced at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (from 33.0 cm(3) ± 25.1 [standard deviation] before treatment to 6.8 cm(3) ± 7.7 at 12-month follow-up). The mean percentage volume reduction at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up was 28%, 57%, 63%, and 78%, respectively. The scores for symptoms and QOL
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic wedge resection of a gastric leiomyoma with intraoperative ultrasound localization.
Abdel Khalek, Mohamed; Joshi, Virendra; Kandil, Emad
Gastric leiomyoma is a rare gastric neoplasm that traditionally has been resected for negative margins using an open approach. The laparoscopic approach may also treat various gastric tumors without opening the gastric cavity. Robotic surgery was developed in response to the limitations and drawbacks of laparoscopic surgery. Herein, we describe a case of robotic-assisted laparoscopic wedge resection of a gastric leiomyoma. A 63-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain was found to have an incidental 3 cm antral mass on an abdominal CT. Endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) confirmed a submucosal mass. Biopsy of the lesion was consistent with a leiomyoma. The DaVinci robotic system was used for partial gastrectomy and reconstruction, with the addition of intraoperative ultrasound to localize the lesion intraoperatively. Pathological examination of the resected mass confirmed a diagnosis of leiomyoma with negative margins. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient was discharged home on the second postoperative day. Intraoperative endoscopic ultrasound is a safe technique that may improve the success rate of surgery by confirming the location of the lesion. Robotic assistance in gastric resection offers an easy minimally invasive approach to such tumors. This approach can achieve adequate surgical margins and lead to short hospital stays. PMID:21919811
DiPoce, Jason; Liu-Jarin, Xiaolin; Newhouse, Jeffrey
A 33-year-old pregnant woman (gravida 11, para 8) presented with increasing severe abdominal pain during the first trimester of pregnancy and increasing abdominal distention out of proportion to her prior pregnancies. Ultrasonography (US) without Doppler performed at another hospital had revealed a pelvic mass; therefore, this patient had been referred to our institution for further evaluation. Unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was then performed at 8 weeks of gestation. The main portion of the gravid uterus and the ovaries was not seen on these images, but the parts that were seen appeared normal. Diagnostic laparoscopic biopsy was performed during the first trimester, but complete removal of the mass was deferred because of fears the pregnancy would be lost. The patient was closely observed throughout the pregnancy with serial US until the 37th week of gestation, at which time the patient underwent Caesarian section. At the time of Caesarian section, the mass was noted to extend from the spleen downward deep into the pelvis. A biopsy was performed at the time of Caesarian section. Definitive removal of the mass was deferred at the time of Caesarian section to minimize postpartum blood loss and to further delineate the mass with imaging for future surgery. Intravenous contrast material-enhanced (120 mL of Omnipaque 350; Nycomed Amersham, Princeton, NJ) computed tomography (CT) was performed 3 days after Caesarian section. The cystic component measured approximately 15 HU. Repeat MR imaging 1.5 months after Caesarian section was then performed. No loss of signal intensity in the mass was seen on fat-saturated images. There was no evidence of local or distant metastatic disease. The mass abutted and displaced the uterus and the ovaries but did not distort either of these organs. Vascular anatomy was not useful in determining the origin of the mass. The comprehensive metabolic panel and complete blood count were normal throughout and after the pregnancy
Pelvic Retroperitoneal Cellular Leiomyoma: A Case Report.
Tantitamit, Tanitra; Hamontri, Suttha; Rangsiratanakul, Likit; Suksamarnwong, Maysita
Leiomyomas are common benign gynecological tumors and usually arise in the uterus. The retroperitoneal cellular leiomyoma, one of the unusual manifestations, is a rare tumor. Diagnosis and treatment are challenges. We report a case of 65-year-old women presented with an asymptomatic mass beneath the right posterior vaginal mucosa. CT imaging revealed heterogeneous mass 6 cm in the pelvic cavity abutted lower segment of uterus, cervix, and vagina. The provisional diagnosis was subserosal cervical leiomyoma. She underwent exploratory laparotomy. Intra-operative, a normal size uterus was found separately from retroperitoneal pelvic mass at the level of internal os. Histological report confirmed cellular leiomyoma later Total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy and completely excision of tumor were achieved with good outcome. Our patient represents the rare case of retroperitoneal cellular leiomyoma, which is hardly identified from internal examination and preoperative imaging. Surgical removal is essential for pathological diagnosis and treatment. PMID:26817226
Giant intra-abdominal mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) in an adult man, with male genitourinary tissue including prostatic and penile elements.
Thway, Khin; Berney, Dan; Hayes, Andrew J; Fisher, Cyril
We describe a case of a giant intra-abdominal mature cystic teratoma in a 36-year-old man, which comprised typical features of differentiated teratoma/dermoid cyst but which contained a macroscopic rudimentary penis, with vasoformative erectile tissue-like structures consistent with corpora cavernosa, as well as scrotal-type skin and prostatic tissue. The genitourinary structures were well formed both grossly and microscopically and sharply demarcated from the rest of the neoplasm, which comprised typical differentiated teratoma, without any other macroscopic foci of organoid differentiation or of other histologic differentiation. The plasticity of the cells of differentiated teratoma, which enables it to undergo multidirectional differentiation, is well recognized, but the factors determining this distinct path of differentiation remain to be established. PMID:27038684
Laparoscopic Excision of a Pedunculated Uterine Leiomyoma in Torsion as a Cause of Acute Abdomen at 10 Weeks of Pregnancy
Kosmidis, Christophoros; Pantos, George; Efthimiadis, Christopher; Gkoutziomitrou, Ioanna; Georgakoudi, Eleni; Anthimidis, George
Patient: Female, 31 Final Diagnosis: Acute abdomen due to pedunculated uterine leiomyoma in torsion Symptoms: Abdominal pain • vomiting Medication: Cefoxitin 2gr Clinical Procedure: Laparoscopic excision of the pendunculated uterine leiomyoma – laparoscopic appedicectomy Specialty: Surgery Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Pregnancy outcomes after laparoscopic myomectomy are generally favorable, with a pregnancy rate that is comparable to or even higher than the rate associated with abdominal myomectomy. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a pregnant patient at 10 weeks of gestation who was submitted to successful laparoscopic myomectomy of a twisted pedunculated uterine leiomyoma. Case Report: A 31 year-old Greek pregnant woman complaining about acute abdominal pain was submitted to diagnostic laparoscopy which revealed a huge twisted uterine leiomyoma. Subsequently laparoscopic myomectomy was successfully carried out. Conclusions: Laparoscopic myomectomy is a technically challenging procedure with surgeon-specific limitations. Laparoscopy during pregnancy should be performed with utmost care and it proves to be a safe and effective procedure in hands of clinicians with sufficient experience in laparoscopic surgery. PMID:26227425
Role of Medical Management for Uterine Leiomyomas.
Kashani, Banafsheh N; Centini, Gabriele; Morelli, Sara S; Weiss, Gerson; Petraglia, Felice
Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are the most common benign tumor in reproductive aged women. Affected women may remain asymptomatic or may report symptoms related to abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, or pelvic pain and pressure. Depending on a patient's symptomatology and reproductive plans, treatment options include expectant management, medical management (hormonal and non-hormonal), or surgical management (myomectomy or hysterectomy). In those wishing to defer surgical management, non-hormonal therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and tranexamic acid have been shown to decrease menstrual blood loss. In patients with more symptomatic leiomyomas, hormonal therapies such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and selective progesterone receptor modulators are effective at reducing leiomyoma volume, uterine size, and menstrual blood loss. This manuscript will detail the available and emerging hormonal and non-hormonal treatments for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas. PMID:26796059
Massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock due to rupture of a coronary vessel of a uterine leiomyoma: a report of two cases.
Akahira, J; Ito, K; Nakamura, R; Yajima, A
Intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to uterine leiomyoma is extremely rare. Recently, we encountered such two cases and herein describe them. Case 1 involved a 34-year-old, nulliparous woman referred to our hospital because of a sudden onset of shock while she was playing a softball game. She had a large abdominal tumor and a hemoperitoneum, and was diagnosed as having a ruptured ovarian tumor. Exploratory laparotomy showed a rupture of the coronary vein of a large uterine leiomyoma. The patient was treated with myomectomy and did well postoperatively. Case 2 involved a 44-year-old, multiparous woman referred to our hospital because of sudden onset of lower abdominal pain while defecating. She had a uterine leiomyoma and a hemoperitoneum, and was diagnosed as having a ruptured splenic artery. Exploratory laparotomy showed rupture of the coronary artery of a uterine leiomyoma. The patient was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and did well postoperatively. These cases suggest that intraperitoneal hemorrhage associated with uterine leiomyoma, although rare, should be considered in women with hypovolemic shock and a large pelvic mass. PMID:9823782
Vaginal Pessary for Uterine Repositioning during High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Uterine Leiomyomas.
Klepac Pulanic, Tajana; Venkatesan, Aradhana M; Segars, James; Sokka, Sham; Wood, Bradford J; Stratton, Pamela
In order to ensure safe magnetic resonance-guided, high-intensity focused, ultrasound ablation of uterine leiomyomas, the ultrasound beam path should be free of intervening scar and bowel. Pre-treatment MRI of a 9-cm long and 7.7-cm wide leiomyomatous uterus in a 39-year-old woman with menorrhagia and abdominopelvic pain initially demonstrated a focused ultrasound treatment path without a bowel between the uterus and the abdominal wall. On the day of ablation, however, multiple loops of bowel were observed in the ultrasound beam path by MRI. Uterine repositioning was accomplished with a 76-mm donut vaginal pessary, which anteverted the fundus and successfully displaced the bowel. A vaginal pessary may aid in repositioning an axial or retroverted uterus to enable ablation of uterine leiomyomas. PMID:26584482
Pelvic Myxoid Leiomyoma Mass between Vagina and Rectum.
AlShalabi, Omar; Alahmar, Fadi Obaied; Aljasem, Hazem; Alsaid, Bayan; AlShalabi, Abdulghani
Leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumors in women. About 20-30% of women older than 35 are affected. Rare conditions of leiomyomas have extrauterine locations. Myxoid degeneration is a rare type of leiomyoma degeneration. We report a case of solid-cystic myxoid leiomyoma in a 53-year-old woman complained of constipation, urinary hesitation, and malodorous vaginal discharge with palpable 17 × 12 cm mass between vagina and rectum. Regarding the inferior location of the mass, a perineal approach was used to enucleate it. This rare location has not been mentioned before. The woman was finally diagnosed by pathologists which was myxoid leiomyoma. PMID:27429825
Pelvic Myxoid Leiomyoma Mass between Vagina and Rectum
Alahmar, Fadi Obaied; Aljasem, Hazem; Alsaid, Bayan; AlShalabi, Abdulghani
Leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumors in women. About 20–30% of women older than 35 are affected. Rare conditions of leiomyomas have extrauterine locations. Myxoid degeneration is a rare type of leiomyoma degeneration. We report a case of solid-cystic myxoid leiomyoma in a 53-year-old woman complained of constipation, urinary hesitation, and malodorous vaginal discharge with palpable 17 × 12 cm mass between vagina and rectum. Regarding the inferior location of the mass, a perineal approach was used to enucleate it. This rare location has not been mentioned before. The woman was finally diagnosed by pathologists which was myxoid leiomyoma. PMID:27429825
Sinonasal Leiomyoma With Estrogen Receptor Expression.
Kim, Jong Seung; Shin, Jin Yong; Kwon, Sam Hyun
Leiomyoma is an extremely rare tumor in sinonasal area. The reason for this is due to minimal amount of the smooth muscle in the area. The origin of this tumor is not clear and its etiology has not been proven in the literature. A 58-year-old woman who experienced nasal obstruction and epiphora visited our clinic. A huge mass was noted in right nasal cavity originating from the lacrimal bone area. The authors conducted endoscopic sinus surgery and obtained the specimen. Immunochemistry showed leiomyoma in the nasal cavity, which expressed estrogen receptor. There was no progesterone receptor expressed. The authors describe a sinonasal leiomyoma with estrogen receptors, not ever reported in previous article. PMID:26355987
Vascular Leiomyoma of the Pulmonary Artery.
Klotz, Laura V; Morresi-Hauf, Alicia; Hatz, Rudolf A; Lindner, Michael
Leiomyoma of the pulmonary artery represents a curiosity in the literature. We describe a case of a 54-year-old female patient who presented with recurrent cough of a few weeks' duration. Computed tomography of the thorax located a smooth, limited tumor in the left thorax near the interlobar space. Thoracoscopic exploration showed a tumor mass, fused with the pulmonary artery. After anterolateral thoracotomy, a complete resection of the tumor was performed. The histopathologic examination showed the presence of a vascular leiomyoma of the tunica media of the pulmonary artery. PMID:26694272
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the lung
Benign leiomyomas of the uterus are uncommonly found in association with benign smooth muscle tumors beyond the confines of the uterus. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease in which the lung is described to be the most afflicted extrauterine organ. We present a brief review of the literature, along with case reports for four patients who were followed up after resection of a pulmonary lesion or after pathological confirmation by biopsy. The clinical course of BML varies from chronic asymptomatic appearance to rapid progression, leading to respiratory failure and death. Our BML patients did not complain of pulmonary symptoms, such as cough, dyspnea, or chest tightness. Pathology revealed benign leiomyomas with no atypia and mitotic activity <5 per 10 high-power field. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for actin and desmin. A standard treatment for BML has not yet been established. Because of the hormone-sensitive characteristics of BML, treatments are based on hormonal manipulation along with either surgical or medical oophorectomy. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma can be observed in postmenopausal women. We observed four patients who did not receive adjuvant hormonal therapy because they were postmenopausal or perimenopausal. All patients are still healthy and show no evidence of recurrence or progression of the disease. PMID:24134076
Nipple leiomyoma in man: a case report.
Marrazzo, A; Taormina, P; Noto, A; Cardinale, G; Casa, L; Lo Gerfo, D
We describe a rare case of a man, 38 year old, with a nipple leiomyoma, and report the presentation as a small nodule of the areola spreading the nipple, the symptoms, the clinical signs, the treatment that includes a complete excision; free margins should be histologically established to prevent recurrence. PMID:15283404
A rare case of intratesticular leiomyoma
Yong, Zhan Peng; Liu, Zhen Bang; Chau, Cora; Chong, Kian Tai
A 47-year-old man presented with a scrotal swelling. Ultrasonography of the testes showed that it was an extratesticular swelling. However, the swelling was intraoperatively found to be intratesticular. Histology showed an intratesticular leiomyoma, which is extremely rare. PMID:26451060
A systematic review on efficacy and safety of gasless laparoscopy in the management of uterine leiomyoma.
Liu, Qi-wei; Han, Tong; Yang, Min; Tong, Xiao-wen; Wang, Jian-jun
Uterine leiomyoma causes considerable morbidity in women. This study systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of gasless laparoscopic myomectomy (GLM) in the management of uterine leiomyoma by comparing GLM with other minimally invasive procedures. Cochrane Library, Pub- Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, WANFANG database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for studies published in English or Chinese between January 1995 and May 2015, and related references were traced. Study outcomes from randomized controlled trials and retrospective cohort studies were presented as mean difference (MD) or odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Seventeen studies (including 1862 patients) meeting the inclusion criteria, including 934 treated with GLM and 928 treated with other minimally invasive procedures were reviewed. The results of meta-analysis revealed that GLM resulted in significantly shorter operating time [MD=-10.34, 95% CI (-18.12,-2.56), P<0.00001], shorter hospital stay [MD=-0.47, 95% CI (-0.88,-0.06)], less time to flatus [MD=-2.04, 95% CI (-2.59,-1.48)], less postoperative complications [OR=0.20, 95% CI (0.06, 0.62)] and less blood loss [MD =-30.74, 95% CI (-47.50,-13.98)]. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in duration of post-operative fever [MD=-0.52, 95% CI (-1.46, 0.42)] between the two groups. Additionally, GLM was associated with lower febrile morbidity, lower postoperative abdominal pain, and higher postoperative hemoglobin than other minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma. In conclusion, GLM and other minimally invasive procedures are feasible, safe, and reliable for uterine leiomyoma treatment. However, available studies show that GLM is more effective and safer than other minimally invasive approaches. PMID:26838756
¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and contrast enhanced CT in differential diagnosis between leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Hirose, Yasumitus; Kaida, Hayato; Kawahara, Akihiko; Kurata, Seiji; Ishibashi, Masatoshi; Abe, Toshi
In a 49 years old woman a large abdominal tumor was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed a large tumor with minute calcification and poor contrast enhancement in the left abdominal cavity. The fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) scan showed low ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the tumor. The SUV max (early image) was 1.90, and that of the delayed image was 2.86. A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was suspected. Tumor resection revealed that it was a leiomyoma originating in the major curvature of the stomach. In conclusion, the findings of low ¹⁸F-FDG uptake on ¹⁸F-FDG PET and poor contrast enhancement on CECT in a gastric submucosal tumor suggested of a gastric leiomyoma rather than GIST. PMID:26574696
Uterine Fibroid (Leiomyoma) with Acute Urinary Retention: A Case Series
Jena, Saubhagya Kumar; Naik, Monalisha; Ray, Lipsa; Behera, Satyanarayan
Uterine leiomyomas are an extremely rare cause of acute urinary retention in women. The delay in diagnosing uterine leiomyomas presenting with acute urinary retention further complicates the management. The rarity of the condition makes it difficult to plan either prospective or retrospective trials. Hence, most of the evidence comes from case reports or series. We report a case series of acute urinary retention in women with uterine leiomyomas and discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management options. PMID:27190903
Renal Leiomyoma: Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography Features with Histopathologic Correlation
Onur, Mehmet Ruhi; Akin, Mehmet Mustafa; Onur, Ahmet Rahmi
Renal leiomyomas are not uncommon mesenchymal neoplasms of the kidney, found in 5% of autopsy specimens and comprising 0.3% of all treated tumors. These tumors arise from the smooth muscle cells of the kidney and are mostly located in the renal capsule. Typical imaging features of renal leiomyomas include a peripheral location, well-defined margins, and hyperattenuation on nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) images. The differential diagnosis of renal leiomyomas includes benign and malignant solid neoplasms of the kidney. Familiarity with typical renal leiomyoma imaging findings may help in the management of these patients and prevent unnecessary surgery. PMID:25610282
Epithelioid leiomyoma of the oral mucosa.
Koutlas, I G; Manivel, J C
Oral leiomyomas are rare because of the paucity of smooth muscle in the mouth. The solid and vascular types are the most frequent variants. The purpose of this article is to present the pathologic features and differential diagnosis of an example of epithelioid leiomyoma. A 50-year-old woman presented with a small raised nonpainful polypoid lesion of unknown duration on the right buccal mucosa. The tumor was well demarcated and consisted of large epithelioid cells with distinct cytoplasmic borders, round to oval nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. A few mitoses (4 in 20 high power fields) were present. Scattered spindle cells were also seen. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic to amphophilic and showed frequent clearing and retraction. Small capillaries were identified and surrounded by neoplastic cells that gave the lesion an angiomyomatous appearance. Masson trichrome stain highlighted focally smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed staining for vimentin, desmin, and muscle-specific actim. PMID:8974140
[Urethral leiomyoma during pregnancy: a case report].
Silveira, Arlon Breno Figueiredo Nunes da; Riccetto, Cássio Luis Zanettini; Herrmann, Viviane; Palma, Paulo César Rodrigues; Tiecher, Juliane de Fátima Agostini
The authors report a case of urethral leiomyoma diagnosed during pregnancy, which was conservatively treated up to the 38th week, when the pregnancy was interrupted. Thirty days after delivery, exeresis of the lesion was performed from the upper border of the urethral meatus and sutured with interrupted delayed-absorbable suture. The patient evolved favorably and presented no lesion recurrence during three months of follow up. PMID:23348657
Immunohistochemical and morphological features of a small bowel leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (Macaca nigra)
Background Spontaneous gastrointestinal neoplasms in non-human primates are commonly seen in aged individuals. Due to genetic similarities between human and non-human primates, scientists have shown increasing interest in terms of comparative oncology studies. Case presentation The present study is related to a case of an intestinal leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (Macaca nigra), kept on captivity by Matecaña Zoo, Pereira City, Colombia. The animal had abdominal distension, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and behavioral changes. Clinical examination showed an increased volume in the upper right abdominal quadrant caused by a neoplastic mass. The patient died during the surgical procedure. Necropsy revealed several small nodules in the peritoneum with adhesion to different portions of the small and large intestines, liver, stomach and diaphragm. Tissue samples were collected, routinely processed and stained by H&E. Microscopic examination revealed a mesenchymal tumor limited to tunica muscularis, resembling normal smooth muscle cells. Neoplastic cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 by immunohistochemistry. Those morphological and immunohistochemical findings allowed to diagnose the intestinal leiomyoma referred above. Conclusion Neoplastic diseases in primates have multifaceted causes. Their manifestations are understudied, leading to a greater difficulty in detection and measurement of the real impact provides by this disease. PMID:22747606
Comparison of efficacy of different embolic agents on uterine leiomyoma.
Mu, Y; Wang, Y; Li, M; Hu, Y; Hao, Z
The aim of this study was to explore the efficacies, postoperative side effects, and complications of uterine artery embolization (UAE) treatments for uterine leiomyoma (UL) with different embolic agents. The study included 107 patients with UL that were treated with UAE with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA group) or pingyangmycin lipiodol emulsion and silk-segment (PLES group). Six months later, the improvement rate of anaemia, the menstrual improvement rate, the incidence rate of fever, the disappearance rates of compression symptoms and abdominal symptoms in the PVA group were 93.8%, 94.7%, 22.0%, 60.0%, and 88.9%, respectively, which showed no significant difference from those in the PLES group (90.5%, 92.3%, 84.8%, 53.3%, and 8 1.3%, respectively). The incidence rate of fever after embolization in PVA group was significantly lower than that in PLES group (c² = 41.958, p = 0.000). However, the efficacy, improvement rate of symptoms, and postoperative side effects of two groups showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). PVA and PLES have significant efficacy for UAE treatment on patients with UL. PMID:27048030
Perineal leiomyoma in a postmenopausal woman: A case report
Sui, Yan-Xia; Sun, Chao; Lv, Shu-Lan; Batchu, Nasra; Zou, Jun-Kai; Du, Jiang; Song, Qing; Li, Qi-Ling
Leiomyomas in the female reproductive system are commonly located in the uterus and typically regress following the menopause. Vulval leiomyomas are rare, and to the best of our knowledge, perineal leiomyomas in postmenopausal women have not been previously reported in the literature. The present case describes a 60-year-old Chinese woman who experienced perineal tenderness and lumbosacral radiating pain. The patient, who went through the menopause 12 years previously, had presented with a painful perineal mass for 1 year, which was subsequently diagnosed as a postmenopausal perineal leiomyoma. The mass was locally resected, and histopathological examination of the lesion resulted in a diagnosis of benign epithelioid leiomyoma. Immunohistochemical staining identified that the leiomyoma was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor expression. The patient was followed up for 1 year and did not experience any pain or recurrence. The symptoms of local and lumbosacral radiating pain are extremely rare and may be induced by peripheral nerve stimulation. The etiology of postmenopausal perineal leiomyoma may be associated with infection, dietary, stress and environmental factors, and the role of estrogen cannot be overemphasized in cases of postmenopausal leiomyoma. PMID:27602136
Bilateral renal leiomyoma with 5 year follow-up: Case report.
Goren, Mehmet Resit; Erbay, Gurcan; Ozer, Cevahir; Goren, Vinil; Bal, Nebil
Renal leiomyomas are exceptionally rare benign tumours of the kidney. Although the renal leiomyomas usually do not metastasize, the differential diagnosis between renal leiomyomas and malign lesions (leiomyosarcoma or renal cell carcinoma) cannot be done by radiological examinations, but is possible by histological examination. Surgery is the preferred treatment. After surgery, the prognosis is excellent without recurrence. Although uterine leiomyomas can be multicentric, renal leiomyomas have been single lesions. We report an incidentally detected case of bilateral renal leiomyoma in a 50-year-old woman with a 5-year follow-up. We also review the literature and discuss clinical, radiological and histological features of renal leiomyomas. PMID:26664510
Integrin β1 regulates leiomyoma cytoskeletal integrity and growth
Malik, Minnie; Segars, James; Catherino, William H.
Uterine leiomyomas are characterized by an excessive extracellular matrix, increased mechanical stress, and increased active RhoA. Previously, we observed that mechanical signaling was attenuated in leiomyoma, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Integrins, especially integrin β1, are transmembrane adhesion receptors that couple extracellular matrix stresses to the intracellular cytoskeleton to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we characterized integrin and laminin to signaling in leiomyoma cells. We observed a 2.25 ± 0.32 fold increased expression of integrin β1 in leiomyoma cells, compared to myometrial cells. Antibody-mediated inhibition of integrin β1 led to significant growth inhibition in leiomyoma cells and a loss of cytoskeletal integrity. Specifically, polymerization of actin filaments and formation of focal adhesions were reduced by inhibition of integrin p1. Inhibition of integrin β1 in leiomyoma cells led to 0.81 ± 0.02 fold decrease in active RhoA, and resembled levels found in serum-starved cells. Likewise, inhibition of integrin β1 was accompanied by a decrease in phospho-ERK. Compared to myometrial cells, leiomyoma cells demonstrated increased expression of integrin α6 subunit to laminin receptor (1.91 ± 0.11 fold), and increased expression of laminin 5α (1.52±0.02), laminin 5β (3.06±0.92), and laminin 5γ (1.66 ± 0.06). Of note, leiomyoma cells grown on laminin matrix appear to realign themselves. Taken together, the findings reveal that the attenuated mechanical signaling in leiomyoma cells is accompanied by an increased expression and a dependence on integrin β1 signaling in leiomyoma cells, compared to myometrial cells. PMID:23023061
Uterine Leiomyoma Stem Cells: Linking Progesterone to Growth.
Bulun, Serdar E; Moravek, Molly B; Yin, Ping; Ono, Masanori; Coon, John S; Dyson, Matthew T; Navarro, Antonia; Marsh, Erica E; Zhao, Hong; Maruyama, Tetsuo; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Kim, J Julie; Wei, Jian-Jun
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) represent the most common class of benign tumors in women. Multiple leiomyomas usually arise from the uterus of a symptomatic woman. These tumors cause a variety of symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, bladder or bowel dysfunction, and recurrent pregnancy loss, and are responsible for more than 200,000 hysterectomies in the United States annually. Each leiomyoma seems to arise from the clonal expansion of a single myometrial smooth muscle cell transformed by a mutation. Tumor expansion is sustained by cell proliferation together with the production of large amounts of extracellular matrix. Estrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth of leiomyomas. Estrogen, together with its receptor ERα, enables progesterone action via induction of progesterone receptor (PR) expression. Progesterone induces the growth of leiomyoma by regulation of a set of key genes that control proliferation and apoptosis. A distinct cell population with stem-progenitor properties is indispensable for progesterone-dependent growth of leiomyomas. This stem-progenitor cell population is deficient in ERα and PR and dependent on the much higher levels of these steroid receptors in surrounding mature leiomyoma or myometrial cells. Progesterone sends paracrine signals from these mature cells to stem cells. The WNT/β-catenin pathway comprises a key component of this paracrine signaling system. The majority of medical treatments currently available for leiomyoma works by inhibiting estrogen or progesterone production or action, but tumors tend to regrow once treatment is stopped. Targeting stem cells and their paracrine interactions with more differentiated cell populations within leiomyoma may lead to the development of more effective therapeutics. PMID:26251118
... Abdominal Adhesions 1 Ward BC, Panitch A. Abdominal adhesions: current and novel therapies. Journal of Surgical Research. 2011;165(1):91– ... are abdominal adhesions and intestinal obstructions ... generally do not require treatment. Surgery is the only way to treat abdominal ...
Dermoscopy as an adjuvant tool for detecting skin leiomyomas in patient with uterine fibroids and cerebral cavernomas
Background Hereditary syndromes frequently need the cooperation of different specialties to increase diagnostic competence. Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by the mutations of the fumarate hydratase gene, demonstrated in 80 to 100 percent of affected individuals. This can be linked to an increased risk of renal cancer in both sexes. The skin involvement is described to highlight the diagnostic role of the cutaneous counterpart in identifying this rare syndrome. Case presentation A 37-year-old woman suffering from several uterine fibroids presented multiple, painful, papulo-nodules on her left subscapular side, both forearms and legs. The patient underwent surgery on six lesions: five were leiomyomas, whilst one was a dermatofibroma. Genetic sequencing did not evidence known fumarate hydratase gene mutations. Dermoscopy showed a brown delicate pigmented network and included leiomyomas among the non-melanocytic benign skin tumours featuring a dermatofibroma-like pattern. Abdominal computerized-tomography scan did not reveal renal cancer, but brain magnetic resonance imaging showed one asymptomatic cerebral cavernoma. The patient benefited from the surgical removal of the five larger cutaneous lesions and from gabapentin, which relieved her pain. Conclusions This observation highlights the usefulness of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of cutaneous leiomyomas disclosing multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome. Dermoscopy should be performed for non-melanocytic multiple lesions mimicking leiomyomas in a large number of patients, to establish a strict classification and identify false negative cases or evaluate them as dermatofibromas. In this case, the dermatologist recognized the risk of renal cancer and cerebral cavernomas. PMID:24739762
Spontaneous reproductive tract leiomyomas in aged guinea-pigs.
Field, K J; Griffith, J W; Lang, C M
Seven of 83 female guinea-pigs were found to have reproductive tract leiomyomas at necropsy. Sixty-three of these guinea-pigs also had cystic rete ovarii. Eleven separate leiomyomas were identified, the most common site of formation being the uterine body or horn. The tumours contained histological evidence of smooth muscle, abundant fibrous connective tissue and occasional foci of fibrocartilage and bone. Mitotic figures were identified in only one tumour. The mean age of guinea-pigs with leiomyomas was 47.6 months, and the mean age of the study population was 33.1 months. Two other reproductive tract tumours identified in the 83 guinea-pigs were an ovarian teratoma and a cavernous haemangioma. These data indicate that leiomyomas are the most common reproductive tract tumour in this colony of aged female guinea-pigs and that they are frequently seen in conjunction with cystic rete ovarii. PMID:2584448
Primary leiomyoma of the lung: an exceptional localization.
Zidane, Abdelfettah; Elktaibi, Abderahim; Benjelloun, Amine; Arsalane, Adil; Afandi, Oussama; Bouchentouf, Rachid
Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor usually encountered in the uterus. Primary pulmonary localization is extremely rare in adults and children. However, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of any nodular lung lesion. Its treatment is surgical, with good long-term results. Here, we report a case of leiomyoma of lung parenchyma diagnosed in a 26-year-old man. PMID:26941368
Malhotra, Purnima; Walia, Harpreet; Singh, Avninder; Ramesh, V
Background: Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that comprise three distinct types such as piloleimyoma, angioleiomyoma, and genital leiomyoma. Aim: The objective of this study was to report a series of cases seen in last 8 years in a tertiary care hospital in north India and to discuss their clinicopathologic findings. Material and Methods: Paraffin-embedded blocks of cases reported as cutaneous leiomyoma from 1999 to 2007 were retrieved from the Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, and their clinical parameters were noted. Their histopathological features were reviewed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. Immunohistochemistry was performed where necessary. Results: Twenty-seven cases of piloleiomyoma, three cases of angioleiomyoma, five breast leiomyomas, and two scrotal leiomyomas were seen in patients ranging from 21 to 65 years of age, with an average of 38.2 years at presentation. There was a male predominance with 26 males and 11 females (M:F = 2.2:1). Solitary lesions (n = 21) were more common than multiple ( n = 16). The trunk and upper limbs were involved most commonly, comprising 23 of 37 (62.2%) cases. This was followed by lower limb, face, breast, and scrotum. Conclusion: Cutaneous leiomyomas are rare lesions and form an important clinical differential diagnosis of painful papulonodules. These must be biopsied in order to differentiate them from other spindle cell lesions. PMID:21430885
The Epidemiology and Genetics of Uterine Leiomyoma.
Styer, Aaron K; Rueda, Bo R
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most common benign neoplasms in premenopausal women, which confer significant morbidity during the reproductive years and represent a significant public health issue. The incidence of fibroids has been associated with African-American race, early onset of menarche, early parity, and environmental/dietary exposures. These sex steroid-responsive uterine tumors are characterized by de novo transformation of the myometrium into fibroids via excessive formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cytogenic anomalies, mutations in mediator complex subunit 12 (MED 12), and aberrant DNA methylation/demethylation have been observed, but have not been reported as direct mediators of fibroid development. Recent advances in epigenetics have implied a functional role of G protein-coupled receptor 10 (GPR10) overexpression and irregular microRNA expression in the pathobiology of fibroids that require future investigation. Herein, the impact of epidemiologic and genetic factors on the incidence and development of fibroids is reviewed. PMID:26725703
Several conditions can cause an abdominal mass: Abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause a pulsating mass around the navel. ... This could be a sign of a ruptured aortic aneurysm, which is an emergency condition. Contact your health ...
... Several conditions can cause an abdominal mass: Abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause a pulsating mass around the navel. ... This could be a sign of a ruptured aortic aneurysm, which is an emergency condition. Contact your health ...
Identification of uterine leiomyoma-specific marker genes based on DNA methylation and their clinical application
Sato, Shun; Maekawa, Ryo; Yamagata, Yoshiaki; Tamura, Isao; Lee, Lifa; Okada, Maki; Jozaki, Kosuke; Asada, Hiromi; Tamura, Hiroshi; Sugino, Norihiro
Differential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas is needed to determine whether the uterus can be retained. Therefore, biomarkers for uterine leiomyomas, and reliable and objective diagnostic methods have been desired besides the pathological diagnosis. In the present study, we identified 12 genes specific to uterine leiomyomas based on DNA methylation. Using these marker genes specific to uterine leiomyomas, we established a hierarchical clustering system based on the DNA methylation level of the marker genes, which could completely differentiate between uterine leiomyomas and normal myometrium. Furthermore, our hierarchical clustering system completely discriminated uterine cancers and differentiated between uterine leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas with more than 70% accuracy. In conclusion, this study identified DNA methylation-based marker genes specific to uterine leiomyomas, and our hierarchical clustering system using these marker genes was useful for differential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. PMID:27498619
Identification of uterine leiomyoma-specific marker genes based on DNA methylation and their clinical application.
Sato, Shun; Maekawa, Ryo; Yamagata, Yoshiaki; Tamura, Isao; Lee, Lifa; Okada, Maki; Jozaki, Kosuke; Asada, Hiromi; Tamura, Hiroshi; Sugino, Norihiro
Differential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas is needed to determine whether the uterus can be retained. Therefore, biomarkers for uterine leiomyomas, and reliable and objective diagnostic methods have been desired besides the pathological diagnosis. In the present study, we identified 12 genes specific to uterine leiomyomas based on DNA methylation. Using these marker genes specific to uterine leiomyomas, we established a hierarchical clustering system based on the DNA methylation level of the marker genes, which could completely differentiate between uterine leiomyomas and normal myometrium. Furthermore, our hierarchical clustering system completely discriminated uterine cancers and differentiated between uterine leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas with more than 70% accuracy. In conclusion, this study identified DNA methylation-based marker genes specific to uterine leiomyomas, and our hierarchical clustering system using these marker genes was useful for differential diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. PMID:27498619
Differential expression of estrogen receptor α and β isoforms in multiple and solitary leiomyomas.
Shao, Ruyue; Fang, Liaoqiong; Xing, Ruoxi; Xiong, Yu; Fang, Liaoqiong; Wang, Zhibiao
Uterine leiomyomas are benign myometrial neoplasms that function as one of the common indications for hysterectomy. Clinical and biological evidences indicate that uterine leiomyomas are estrogen-dependent. Estrogen stimulates cell proliferation through binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), of which both subtypes α and β are present in leiomyomas. Clinically, leiomyomas may be singular or multiple, where the first one is rarely recurring if removed and the latter associated to a relatively young age or genetic predisposition. These markedly different clinical phenotypes indicate that there may different mechanism causing a similar smooth muscle response. To investigate the relative expression of ERα and ERβ in multiple and solitary uterine leiomyomas, we collected samples from 35 Chinese women (multiple leiomyomas n = 20, solitary leiomyoma n = 15) undergoing surgery to remove uterine leiomyomas. ELISA assay was performed to detect estrogen(E2) concentration. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect ERα and ERβ mRNA expression. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to detect ERα and ERβ protein expression. We found that ERα mRNA and protein levels of in multiple leiomyomas were significantly lower than those of solitary leiomyomas, whereas ERβ mRNA and protein levels in multiple leiomyomas were significantly higher than those in solitary leiomyomas, irrespectively of the menstrual cycle stage. In both multiple and solitary leiomyomas, ERα expression was higher than that of ERβ. E2 concentration in multiple and solitary leiomyomas correlated with that of ERα expression. ERα was present in nuclus and cytoplasma while estrogen receptor β localized only in nuclei in both multiple and solitary leiomyomas. Our findings suggest that the difference of ERα and ERβ expression between multiple and solitary leiomyomas may be responsible for the course of the disease subtypes. PMID:26529545
Deep soft-tissue leiomyoma of the forearm mimicking a primary bone tumor of the ulna
Ramachandran, Rajoo; Rangaswami, Rajeswaran; Raja, Dorai Kumar; Shanmugasundaram, Gouthaman
Leiomyomas of the soft tissues are rare in general, and extremely uncommon in the forearm. In general, leiomyomas are benign soft-tissue tumors that occur where smooth muscles are present. We present a case of soft-tissue leiomyoma of the forearm eroding the midshaft of the ulna, with emphasis on radiological diagnosis and histopathological correlation.
Bilateral segmental leiomyomas: a case report and review of the literature.
Suwattee, Pitiporn; Dakin, Cari
Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign tumors of smooth muscles. We report a rare case of bilateral segmental leiomyomas in an 81-year-old man. We also provide a concise review of the literature on leiomyomas, their associations, and genetic defects of multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL) and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndromes. PMID:18712022
LAT1 regulates growth of uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle cells.
Xia Luo; Coon, John S; Su, Emily; Pearson, Elizabeth Kerry; Ping Yin; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Bulun, Serdar E
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and LAT2 were shown to encode system L, which mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. We demonstrated previously that LAT2 is a progesterone receptor target gene involved in leiomyoma growth. The role of LAT1 in the regulation of human uterine leiomyoma growth, however, remains unelucidated. We herein investigated the function of LAT1 and its progesterone-mediated regulation within human uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle (LSM) cells (n = 8) and tissues (n = 29). In vivo, LAT1 expression was higher in leiomyoma than in myometrial tissue. LAT1 knockdown augmented cell proliferation and viability. Treatment of LSM cells with RU486 markedly increased LAT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels but decreased proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. L-type amino acid transporter 1 as a downstream target, however, did not entirely account for this antiproliferative effect of RU486 on LSM cells. Taken together, LAT1 may have a critical and complex role in regulating human leiomyoma cell growth. PMID:20601542
Immunohistochemical profile of uterine leiomyomas; a comparison between different subtypes
Azimpouran, Mahzad; Vazifekhah, Shabnam; Moslemi, Farnaz; Piri, Reza; Naghavi-Behzad, Mohammad
Background: Of all Smooth muscle tumours originating from uterus are leiomyomas are the most common ones. Benign nature and smooth muscle origination of leiomyomas can be easily documented via histological examination. In present study it was tried to examine immunohistochemical profile of leiomyomas with different subtypes. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 64 cases of smooth muscle tumors originating from uterus were included in study. As a control group 12 cases of conventional leiomyomas were selected. Then estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53 and ki-67 were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 16.0. Results: P 53 and ki-67 antibody status was diffusely positive in 12 out of 24 cases (50%) of leiomyosarcomas. Leiomyomas with bizzare nuclei were stained with Ki67 proliferative marker less than those in obviously malignant cases (P < 0.001). Estrogen and progesterone receptors had a reverse correlation with tumours malignancy potential. Conclusion: Since p53 is known as an important inhibitory trigger for proliferative cycle of cells, in current study it was concluded that p53 inhibitory role decreases as malignancy potential increases, also tumors dependence on steroids via steroid receptors decreases as malignancy potential increases. PMID:27185980
Vascular leiomyoma of the lung arising from pulmonary artery.
Terada, Tadashi
Leiomyoma of the lung is extremely rare. The entity is not described in WHO blue book. Less than 100 cases of leiomyoma of the lung have been reported in the literature. However, vascular leiomyoma has not been reported in the literature, to the author's best knowledge. Herein reported is the first case of vascular leiomyoma of the lung arising from smooth muscles of the pulmonary artery. A 62-year-old woman (non-smoker) was found to have a small tumor in the upper lobe in the right lung in routine check. Imaging modalities including CT demonstrated no metastatic lesions. Although clinical cytology and biopsy revealed no malignant cell, right upper lobectomy was performed under the clinical diagnosis of lung carcinoma. Grossly, a white tumor of 1 x 0.8 cm was recognized in the lung. Microscopically, the tumor was connected to the pulmonary arteries. The tumor was composed of mature smooth muscles. Small pulmonary arteries are embedded in the tumor. No lymphatics were seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were poisitive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin and Ki-67 (labeling 2%). However, they were negative for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/3, CK CAM5.2, desmin, S100 protein, p53, CD34, KIT, HMB45, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and myoglobin. A pathological diagnosis of primary vascular leiomyoma arising from the smooth muscle of pulmonary artery was made. The patient is now free from tumor, and is now alive 10 year after the operation. PMID:23236548
Synthesis of catechol estrogens by human uterus and leiomyoma
Reddy, V.V.; Hanjani, P.; Rajan, R.
Homogenates of human endometrial, myometrial and leiomyoma tissues were incubated with (2,4,6,7-/sub 3/H)-estradiol and tritiated catechol estrogens were isolated and identified. Though 2- and 4-hydroxylations were about the same in endometrium, 4-hydroxylation was two to four fold higher than 2-hydroxylation in myometrium and leiomyoma. However, endometrium showed greater capacity to form both 2- and 4-hydroxyestrogens than the other two tissues. Both 2- and 4-hydroxylations were significantly less than in myometrium. In view of the reports indicating that inhibitors of catechol 0-methyl transferase (COMT) might act as antineoplastic agents due to their interference with t-RNA methylases and since catechol estrogens inhibit COMT, the present results suggest that endogenous synthesis of catechol estrogens may play an important role in the pathophysiology of uterine leiomyoma.
Bilateral Multisegmental Zosteriform Leiomyoma Cutis: A Rare Entity
Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata; Saha, Abanti; Bhattacharya, Sabari
Cutaneous leiomyomas are benign tumors derived from the smooth muscles of the skin. They are firm, skin-colored to brownish, frequently painful papules and nodules presenting either as a solitary tumor or multiple clustered lesions. Uncommon patterns of multiple leiomyoma cutis include linear, zosteriform, or dermatomal-like arrangement of lesions. We saw a 32-year-old man who presented with clusters of skin colored to reddish brown, occasionally painful papules and nodules distributed segmentally over C6 to T8 dermatomes on left side and T11 to L1 dermatomes on right side. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous leiomyoma. The case is reported here for the occurrence of this benign cutaneous neoplasm in an extremely rare bilateral multisegmental distribution. PMID:26120160
Transcanal endoscopic resection for leiomyoma of the external auditory canal and a review of the literature.
Ikeda, Ryoukichi; Tateda, Masaru; Okoshi, Akira; Morita, Shinkichi; Suzuki, Hiroyoshi; Hashimoto, Sho
Leiomyoma usually originates from the uterus and alimentary tract, but in extremely rare cases leiomyoma can appear in the external auditory canal. Here we present a 37-year-old man with right auricular fullness. Preoperative findings suggested benign tumor or cholesteatoma in the right external auditory canal. We performed total resection using an endoauricular approach with transcanal endoscopic ear surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma of external auditory canal. Leiomyoma arising from soft tissue, including that in the external auditory canal, is classified into two types: that from the arrectores pilorum muscles and that from the muscle coats of blood vessels. Only four cases of leiomyoma of external auditor canal have been published in the English literature. The other four cases demonstrated vascular leiomyomas. This is the first report of leiomyoma of the EAC arising from arrectores pilorum muscles. PMID:26094018
Single benign metastasising leiomyoma of an inguinal lymph node.
Laban, Kamil G; Tobon-Morales, Roberto E; Hodge, Janice A L; Schreuder, Henk W R
Benign metastasising leiomyoma (BML) is a rare benign disease associated with uterine leiomyoma and history of uterine surgery. It most frequently occurs in premenopausal woman, with a pulmonary localisation, and consisting of multiple nodules. We present an uncommon case of a 69-year-old woman with a single BML of an inguinal lymph node. CT scans of thorax and abdomen excluded other metastasis localisation. The patient was cured with surgical excision of the mass. Lymph node involvement has been reported incidentally in BML literature. Lymphangitic spread can be considered a possible mechanism of BML metastasis. PMID:27511755
Leiomyoma: A rare tumor in the head and neck and oral cavity: Report of 3 cases with review
Veeresh, M; Sudhakara, M; Girish, G; Naik, Charudatta
Leiomyomas are benign tumors arising from smooth muscle, most commonly seen in uterine myometrium, gastrointestinal tract, skin and lower extremities of middle-aged women. Leiomyomas are uncommon in the oral cavity with reported incidence of 0.065%, which accounts for 0.42% of all soft-tissue neoplasms in the oral cavity. Leiomyomas of head and neck region account for less than 1% of all leiomyomas. The most common site of leiomyoma in the head and neck region is the lips (27.46%) followed by tongue (18.30%), cheeks and palate (15.49%), gingiva (8.45%) and mandible (5.63%). The purpose of this article is to present three cases of leiomyoma comprising of an intraoral vascular leiomyoma and two solid leiomyomas in the head and neck region. The clinical features, etiology, differential diagnosis and treatment of leiomyoma are discussed with review of the literature. PMID:24250094
Intra-vascular leiomyoma of the popliteal vein.
Grimer, R. J.; Armstrong, G. R.
A large mass in the popliteal fossa was found to be a leiomyoma of the popliteal vein with portions of tumour both inside and outside the vein. This is only the second recorded case of a benign smooth muscle tumour of a peripheral vein. Images Figure 1 PMID:3174546
[Bladder leiomyomas and fibromas. Apropos of 8 cases].
Suhler, A; Masson, J C; Pages, C; Douillet, P
Eight cases of benign mesothelial tumors of the bladder are reviewed (7 leiomyomas and 1 fibroma). The authors describe the pathological and clinical features and the various possibilities of diagnosis of these uncommon tumors. The treatment is exclusively surgical and the prognosis is good in every case. PMID:8129372
A Rare Case of Round Ligament Leiomyoma: An Inguinal Mass
E, Harish; P B, Indudhara
Tumours of round ligament of uterus are rare. Leiomyoma of the round ligament can present as inguinal swelling mimicking an incarcerated/irreducible hernia / inguinal secondaries / lymph node. It arises from smooth muscle of round ligament. It can be diagnosed preoperatively by CT scan or following exploration. Surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. PMID:25478407
Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Uterine Leiomyomas Occur in Both the Syndromic and Sporadic Settings.
Harrison, Wesley J; Andrici, Juliana; Maclean, Fiona; Madadi-Ghahan, Raha; Farzin, Mahtab; Sioson, Loretta; Toon, Christopher W; Clarkson, Adele; Watson, Nicole; Pickett, Justine; Field, Michael; Crook, Ashley; Tucker, Katherine; Goodwin, Annabel; Anderson, Lyndal; Srinivasan, Bhuvana; Grossmann, Petr; Martinek, Petr; Ondič, Ondrej; Hes, Ondřej; Trpkov, Kiril; Clifton-Bligh, Roderick J; Dwight, Trisha; Gill, Anthony J
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome secondary to germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation presents with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and a distinctive aggressive renal carcinoma. Identification of HLRCC patients presenting first with uterine leiomyomas may allow early intervention for renal carcinoma. We reviewed the morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings in patients with uterine leiomyomas and confirmed or presumed HLRCC. IHC was also performed on a tissue microarray of unselected uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. FH-deficient leiomyomas underwent Sanger and massively parallel sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. All 5 patients with HLRCC had at least 1 FH-deficient leiomyoma: defined as completely negative FH staining with positive internal controls. One percent (12/1152) of unselected uterine leiomyomas but 0 of 88 leiomyosarcomas were FH deficient. FH-deficient leiomyoma patients were younger (42.7 vs. 48.8 y, P=0.024) and commonly demonstrated a distinctive hemangiopericytomatous vasculature. Other features reported to be associated with FH-deficient leiomyomas (hypercellularity, nuclear atypia, inclusion-like nucleoli, stromal edema) were inconstantly present. Somatic FH mutations were identified in 6 of 10 informative unselected FH-deficient leiomyomas. None of these mutations were found in the germline. We conclude that, while the great majority of patients with HLRCC will have FH-deficient leiomyomas, 1% of all uterine leiomyomas are FH deficient usually due to somatic inactivation. Although IHC screening for FH may have a role in confirming patients at high risk for hereditary disease before genetic testing, prospective identification of FH-deficient leiomyomas is of limited clinical benefit in screening unselected patients because of the relatively high incidence of somatic mutations. PMID:26574848
Fumarate Hydratase–deficient Uterine Leiomyomas Occur in Both the Syndromic and Sporadic Settings
Harrison, Wesley J.; Andrici, Juliana; Maclean, Fiona; Madadi-Ghahan, Raha; Farzin, Mahtab; Sioson, Loretta; Toon, Christopher W.; Clarkson, Adele; Watson, Nicole; Pickett, Justine; Field, Michael; Crook, Ashley; Tucker, Katherine; Goodwin, Annabel; Anderson, Lyndal; Srinivasan, Bhuvana; Grossmann, Petr; Martinek, Petr; Ondič, Ondrej; Hes, Ondřej; Trpkov, Kiril; Clifton-Bligh, Roderick J.; Dwight, Trisha
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome secondary to germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation presents with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and a distinctive aggressive renal carcinoma. Identification of HLRCC patients presenting first with uterine leiomyomas may allow early intervention for renal carcinoma. We reviewed the morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings in patients with uterine leiomyomas and confirmed or presumed HLRCC. IHC was also performed on a tissue microarray of unselected uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. FH-deficient leiomyomas underwent Sanger and massively parallel sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. All 5 patients with HLRCC had at least 1 FH-deficient leiomyoma: defined as completely negative FH staining with positive internal controls. One percent (12/1152) of unselected uterine leiomyomas but 0 of 88 leiomyosarcomas were FH deficient. FH-deficient leiomyoma patients were younger (42.7 vs. 48.8 y, P=0.024) and commonly demonstrated a distinctive hemangiopericytomatous vasculature. Other features reported to be associated with FH-deficient leiomyomas (hypercellularity, nuclear atypia, inclusion-like nucleoli, stromal edema) were inconstantly present. Somatic FH mutations were identified in 6 of 10 informative unselected FH-deficient leiomyomas. None of these mutations were found in the germline. We conclude that, while the great majority of patients with HLRCC will have FH-deficient leiomyomas, 1% of all uterine leiomyomas are FH deficient usually due to somatic inactivation. Although IHC screening for FH may have a role in confirming patients at high risk for hereditary disease before genetic testing, prospective identification of FH-deficient leiomyomas is of limited clinical benefit in screening unselected patients because of the relatively high incidence of somatic mutations. PMID:26574848
... during sleep. They also occur normally for a short time after the use of certain medicines and after abdominal surgery. Decreased or absent bowel sounds often indicate constipation. Increased ( hyperactive ) bowel sounds ...
... provider if you have: Artificial heart valves Brain aneurysm clips Heart defibrillator or pacemaker Inner ear (cochlear) ... which the test may be performed: Abdominal aortic aneurysm Atheroembolic renal disease Carcinoma of the renal pelvis ...
... threatening conditions, such as colon cancer or early appendicitis , may only cause mild pain or no pain. ... Food poisoning Stomach flu Other possible causes include: Appendicitis Abdominal aortic aneurysm (bulging and weakening of the ...
... can help the overall situation for the child. Teaching kids self-hypnosis [8] or guided imagery [8a] ... related topics? Functional Abdominal Pain (English, French or Spanish)—from The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, ...
The OPPIuM technique: office hysteroscopic technique for the preparation of partially intramural leiomyomas.
Cicinelli, Ettore; Mitsopoulos, Vasileios; Fascilla, Fabiana D; Sioutis, Dimos; Bettocchi, Stefano
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, represent the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. Submucosal leiomyomas are classified into three grades: G0, GI, GII according to the degree of their intramural proportion. A recently developed technique enables the preparation of G1 and G2 leiomyomas for their subsequent successful resection in a second step. The OPPIuM (office preparation of partially intramural leiomyomas) technique aims to downgrade type I and II leiomyomas, in order to facilitate a subsequent easier and safer resectoscopy. Hysteroscopic resection of large GI or GII submucosal fibroids is a complex procedure. OPPIuM technique has been invented and seems to achieve the downgrading of these types of leiomyomas in approximately 93% of cases, without any significant surgical complications or the need of hormonal agents' administration. In this way, the safer and quicker subsequent complete myomectomy is facilitated. PMID:26928422
Calvo-Romero, J
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), temporal arteritis or Horton's arteritis, is a systemic vasculitis which involves large and medium sized vessels, especially the extracranial branches of the carotid arteries, in persons usually older than 50 years. Permanent visual loss, ischaemic strokes, and thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms are feared complications of GCA. The treatment consists of high dose steroids. Mortality, with a correct treatment, in patients with GCA seems to be similar that of controls. PMID:13679546
Paraurethral Leiomyoma in a 20 Year-old Woman: A Case Report
Adams-Piper, Emily; Jacobs, Stephanie; Ghoniem, Gamal M.
We present the case of a 20 year-old woman with a vulvar mass, found to be a paraurethral leiomyoma. She subsequently underwent supermedial-approach paraurethral mass excision, distal urethral reconstruction and cystourethroscopy. Paraurethral leiomyoma make up approximately five percent of urethral tumors. This case depicts the presentation and treatment of a paraurethral leiomyoma in one of the youngest women reported in the literature. PMID:26793567
Proteoglycans in Leiomyoma and Normal Myometrium: Abundance, Steroid Hormone Control, and Implications for Pathophysiology.
Barker, Nichole M; Carrino, David A; Caplan, Arnold I; Hurd, William W; Liu, James H; Tan, Huiqing; Mesiano, Sam
Uterine leiomyoma are a common benign pelvic tumors composed of modified smooth muscle cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM). The proteoglycan composition of the leiomyoma ECM is thought to affect pathophysiology of the disease. To test this hypothesis, we examined the abundance (by immunoblotting) and expression (by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) of the proteoglycans biglycan, decorin, and versican in leiomyoma and normal myometrium and determined whether expression is affected by steroid hormones and menstrual phase. Leiomyoma and normal myometrium were collected from women (n = 17) undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy. In vitro studies were performed on immortalized leiomyoma (UtLM) and normal myometrial (hTERT-HM) cells with and without exposure to estradiol and progesterone. In leiomyoma tissue, abundance of decorin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were 2.6-fold and 1.4-fold lower, respectively, compared with normal myometrium. Abundance of versican mRNA was not different between matched samples, whereas versican protein was increased 1.8-fold in leiomyoma compared with myometrium. Decorin mRNA was 2.4-fold lower in secretory phase leiomyoma compared with proliferative phase tissue. In UtLM cells, progesterone decreased the abundance of decorin mRNA by 1.3-fold. Lower decorin expression in leiomyoma compared with myometrium may contribute to disease growth and progression. As decorin inhibits the activity of specific growth factors, its reduced level in the leiomyoma cell microenvironment may promote cell proliferation and ECM deposition. Our data suggest that decorin expression in leiomyoma is inhibited by progesterone, which may be a mechanism by which the ovarian steroids affect leiomyoma growth and disease progression. PMID:26423601
Validation of the Aging Hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) as an Animal Model for Uterine Leiomyomas1
Machado, Sergio A.; Bahr, Janice M.; Hales, D. Buck; Braundmeier, Andrea G.; Quade, Bradley J.; Nowak, Romana A.
ABSTRACT Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are the most frequent gynecological tumors in premenopausal women with as many as 65% of women becoming clinically symptomatic. Uterine fibroids are benign myometrial tumors that produce large quantities of extracellular matrix proteins. Despite its high morbidity, the molecular basis underlying the development of uterine leiomyomas is not well understood. Domestic hens of Gallus gallus domesticus develop oviductal leiomyomas similar to those found in humans. We investigated the natural history of chicken leiomyomas, in vivo expression of protein biomarkers, and in vitro expression of ovarian steroid receptors. Based on the analysis of 263 hens, tumor prevalence, tumor number per hen, and tumor size increased as the hens aged. Immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin confirmed the smooth muscle phenotype of the chicken leiomyomas. Intense collagen expression was detected in these oviductal leiomyomas by Mason's trichrome, and the tumors also showed increased expression of TGFB3 and collagen type I mRNAs. Consistent with human leiomyomas, chicken fibroids displayed increased BCL2 and estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) receptor expression. Chicken leiomyomas were dissociated for in vitro culture. Cells from explants were positive for SMA, desmin, and E and P receptors until the fourth passage. These cells also displayed a response similar to human cells when challenged with halofuginone, an antifibrotic agent. Our findings indicate that the chicken is an excellent complementary model for studies involving the pathophysiology of human uterine leiomyomas. PMID:22811571
Validation of the aging hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) as an animal model for uterine leiomyomas.
Machado, Sergio A; Bahr, Janice M; Hales, D Buck; Braundmeier, Andrea G; Quade, Bradley J; Nowak, Romana A
Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are the most frequent gynecological tumors in premenopausal women with as many as 65% of women becoming clinically symptomatic. Uterine fibroids are benign myometrial tumors that produce large quantities of extracellular matrix proteins. Despite its high morbidity, the molecular basis underlying the development of uterine leiomyomas is not well understood. Domestic hens of Gallus gallus domesticus develop oviductal leiomyomas similar to those found in humans. We investigated the natural history of chicken leiomyomas, in vivo expression of protein biomarkers, and in vitro expression of ovarian steroid receptors. Based on the analysis of 263 hens, tumor prevalence, tumor number per hen, and tumor size increased as the hens aged. Immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin confirmed the smooth muscle phenotype of the chicken leiomyomas. Intense collagen expression was detected in these oviductal leiomyomas by Mason's trichrome, and the tumors also showed increased expression of TGFB3 and collagen type I mRNAs. Consistent with human leiomyomas, chicken fibroids displayed increased BCL2 and estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) receptor expression. Chicken leiomyomas were dissociated for in vitro culture. Cells from explants were positive for SMA, desmin, and E and P receptors until the fourth passage. These cells also displayed a response similar to human cells when challenged with halofuginone, an antifibrotic agent. Our findings indicate that the chicken is an excellent complementary model for studies involving the pathophysiology of human uterine leiomyomas. PMID:22811571
Round Ligament Leiomyoma Presenting as an Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Mandel, Marc
Leiomyomas are common benign gynecologic tumors occurring in up to 30% of women. Round ligament leiomyomas however are very rare and, if symptomatic, can present as an inguinal hernia. We report the case of a 47-year-old woman who presented with an irreducible inguinal mass consistent with an incarcerated hernia. Intraoperatively, the mass was found to be a round ligament leiomyoma, a diagnosis that was confirmed by histopathology following excision of the mass. Although rare, round ligament leiomyomas should be part of the differential diagnosis of an inguinal hernia in females. PMID:27144048
Seminal Vesicle Leiomyoma Mimicking Extra-prostatic Extension of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Arnold, Stacy J.; Lin, Frank C.; Eldersveld, Jordan M.; Phung, Michael C.; Walker, Jonathan R.; Nguyen, Tan T.
Leiomyomas are common smooth muscle neoplasms; however, leiomyomas of the seminal vesicles are extremely rare. We report a case of seminal vesicle leiomyoma in a 55-year-old African American male who underwent robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for Gleason 8 (4 + 4) adenocarcinoma. An incidental nodule arising from the left seminal vesicle was discovered during surgery, complicating the surgical dissection and suggesting extra-prostatic extension. The histologic findings in this case raised the possibility that this seminal vesicle leiomyoma may have arisen from a remnant of the mid-portion of the Müllerian duct; however, a thorough immunohistochemical (IHC) workup disproved this theory. PMID:27169020
De Waele, Jan J
Abdominal infections are an important challenge for the intensive care physician. In an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, selecting the appropriate regimen is important and, with new drugs coming to the market, correct use is important more than ever before and abdominal infections are an excellent target for antimicrobial stewardship programs. Biomarkers may be helpful, but their exact role in managing abdominal infections remains incompletely understood. Source control also remains an ongoing conundrum, and evidence is increasing that its importance supersedes the impact of antibiotic therapy. New strategies such as open abdomen management may offer added benefit in severely ill patients, but more data are needed to identify its exact role. The role of fungi and the need for antifungal coverage, on the other hand, have been investigated extensively in recent years, but at this point, it remains unclear who requires empirical as well as directed therapy. PMID:27363829
A comparison of abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies in Benghazi, Libya.
Agnaeber, K; Bodalal, Z
We performed a comparative study between abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies using clinical data from Al-Jamhouria hospital (one of the largest maternity hospitals in Eastern Libya). Various parameters were taken into consideration: the rates of each type (and their subtypes); average age of patients; indications; causes; postoperative complications; and duration of stay in the hospital afterwards. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn from the results of this study. In light of the aforementioned parameters, it was found that: (1) abdominal hysterectomies were more common than vaginal hysterectomies (p < 0.001); (2) patients admitted for abdominal hysterectomies are younger than those admitted for vaginal hysterectomies (p < 0.001); (3) the most common indication for an abdominal hysterectomy was menstrual disturbances, while for vaginal hysterectomies it was vaginal prolapse; (4) the histopathological cause for abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies were observed and the most common were found to be leiomyomas and atrophic endometrium; (5) there was no significant difference between the two routes in terms of postoperative complications; (6) patients who were admitted for abdominal hysterectomies spent a longer amount of time in the hospital (p < 0.01). It was concluded that efforts should be made to further pursue vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomies as a viable option to the more conventional abdominal route. PMID:23919862
Benign metastasizing leiomyomas in the lungs: a case study
Bruliński, Krzysztof
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease that occurs in middle-aged women with a history of uterine myomas. The most common location of BML is the lungs. We report the case of a 44-year-old obese woman (BMI 45.5) who underwent surgery to remove uterine leiomyomata and then continued to take a drug containing the hormone estradiol for a period of 15 years. Computed tomography chest examinations revealed multiple size nodules of varying size in both lungs. Videothoracoscopy and right thoracotomy was performed, and a few nodules were enucleated from each lobe of the right lung. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed benign metastasizing leiomyoma staining positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER+, PR+). Because of the hormonally dependent cell proliferation, the previously used hormonal drug was discontinued. Treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog was included, yielding radiological stabilization of the lung lesions. PMID:27212984
Benign metastasizing leiomyomas in the lungs: a case study.
Wiencek-Weiss, Alina Janina; Bruliński, Krzysztof
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease that occurs in middle-aged women with a history of uterine myomas. The most common location of BML is the lungs. We report the case of a 44-year-old obese woman (BMI 45.5) who underwent surgery to remove uterine leiomyomata and then continued to take a drug containing the hormone estradiol for a period of 15 years. Computed tomography chest examinations revealed multiple size nodules of varying size in both lungs. Videothoracoscopy and right thoracotomy was performed, and a few nodules were enucleated from each lobe of the right lung. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed benign metastasizing leiomyoma staining positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER+, PR+). Because of the hormonally dependent cell proliferation, the previously used hormonal drug was discontinued. Treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog was included, yielding radiological stabilization of the lung lesions. PMID:27212984
[Leiomyoma of the bladder causing the destruction of a kidney].
Kehila, Mehdi; Mekni, Karima; Abouda, Hassine Saber; Chtourou, Maher; Zeghal, Dorra; Chanoufi, Mohamed Badis
Leiomyoma of the bladder is a rare benign tumor deemed to have a good prognosis after surgical treatment. This is unfortunately not always true. We report the case of a 33 year-old patient who consulted for lumbar pain on right side. Exploration of patient revealed bladder floor solid tumor with non-functioning right kidney and left urinary tract dilation. Cystoscopy objectified solid tumor of the right perimeatal bladder. Tumor biopsies were performed together with the insertion of a left double J stent. Anatomo-pathologic study showed leiomyoma of the bladder. The patient underwent laparoscopic myomectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological effect and sequelae was complete distruction of kidney. PMID:27583074
Mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body: case report.
White, V; Stevenson, K; Garner, A; Hungerford, J
The clinical, light microscopical, and electron microscopical features of a mesectodermal leiomyoma of the ciliary body are presented. This exceptionally rare and apparently benign tumour is considered to be of neural crest origin. In the case described the tumour cells were seen to contain thin filaments with focal densities and conspicuous numbers of mitochondria, and smooth muscle protein was demonstrated by immunohistochemical means. Images PMID:2920150
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Two Subtypes of Atypical Leiomyoma: Clinical, Histologic, and Molecular Analysis.
Ubago, Julianne M; Zhang, Qing; Kim, Julie J; Kong, Beihua; Wei, Jian-Jun
Atypical leiomyoma (ALM) is a rare variant of uterine smooth muscle tumors. Several recent studies have suggested that ALM has distinct, but also heterogenous, histologic and molecular features, yet little is known about the biology and histogenesis of ALM. Some have even postulated whether the atypical histologic features represent true atypia or simply degenerative changes. In this study, we analyzed the cytologic features of 60 ALM cases and found that ALM could be further divided into 2 subtypes, type I and type II, based primarily on nuclear features. Type I ALM showed round or oval nuclei, distinct and smooth nuclear membranes, prominent nucleoli with perinucleolar halos, and open coarse chromatin. Type II ALM showed elongated or spindled nuclei, irregular nuclear membranes, pinpoint or no nucleoli, and dark smudgy chromatin. There were also architectural differences between type I and type II ALM. Type I ALM often showed diffuse atypia within the tumor, whereas the atypia in type II ALM was patchy, surrounded by usual-type leiomyoma. The 2 subtypes also differed when we compared the immunohistochemical and molecular patterns. Type II tumors showed significantly higher rates of immunoreactivity for p16, p53, and HMGA2 and showed MED12 mutations more frequently than the type I counterparts. Our findings suggest that the type I and type II subtypes of ALM may arise from 2 different pathways. Type I tumors may be related to fumarate hydratase mutations, whereas type II ALM appear to arise in a existing usual-type leiomyomas. PMID:27015034
Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma: a case report and literature review.
Chen, Shi; Liu, Rui-Ming; Li, Tian
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare condition that occurs in all age groups and that is particularly prevalent among women of late childbearing age. All patients have a history of uterine leiomyoma and/or myomectomy, often associated with distant metastases from the uterus, which commonly occurs in the lung. We report the case of a 32-year-old young woman suffering from chest stuffiness, labored respiration and weakness after a myomectomy performed one month earlier. The chest CT showed a diffuse miliary shadow in both sides of her lungs, but serum tumor markers such as CA125, CA199, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and CYFRA21-1 were normal. The patient underwent a lung biopsy by thoracoscopic surgery after four weeks of anti-TB treatment; there were no significant changes in the chest CT. H&E staining showed that the tumor cells had characteristics of smooth muscle cell differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining showed a low tumor cell proliferation index, which indicated that the likelihood of a malignancy was not high. There was no expression of CD10, indicating a diagnosis of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin as specific markers of smooth muscle and the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were all strongly positive, which is characteristic of PBML. The patient was given the anti-estrogen tamoxifen for 3 months. With no radiological evidence of disease development and further distant metastasis, the patient will continue to be followed. PMID:24977035
Uterine Leiomyoma in a Guyanese Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus sciureus)
Long, C Tyler; Luong, Richard H; McKeon, Gabriel P; Albertelli, Megan A
An adult female squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) presented with a 3.0 × 2.5 cm firm mass palpable within the caudal abdomen. Differentiation of the organs or structures involved with the mass could not be achieved with radiography or ultrasonography. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a mass within the lumen of the uterus; the mass was removed by partial hysterectomy. On gross examination, the mass was a focally extensive, unencapsulated, firm, solitary tumor. Histologic examination revealed that the mass was composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells with little fibrous stroma. The cells were elongated with poorly delineated borders and cigar-shaped nuclei, each containing a single, small nucleolus. Fewer than 1 mitosis per 20 high-power (magnification, × 400) fields were present. These gross and histologic findings supported a diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma. Although leiomyomas are the most common tumor of the reproductive tract in nonhuman primates, to our knowledge the current lesion is the first uterine leiomyoma reported to occur in a squirrel monkey. PMID:20353700
A case of abdominal textiloma following gynecologic surgery at the Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon
Fouelifack, Florent Ymele; Fouogue, Jovanny Tsuala; Fouedjio, Jeanne Hortence; Sando, Zacharie
Textiloma is the inadvertent retention of a textile foreign body on the surgical site. It is a rare complication of surgery but which carries severe consequences for both patients and surgeons in terms of morbi-mortality and medico-legal procedures respectively. We herein report the case of an abdominal textiloma in a 42 year old woman who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy for symptomatic leiomyomas. We also depict the errors that led to this mishap in a tertiary hospital in Yaounde (Cameroon). The textiloma was recognized six weeks after the causative surgery and removed by laparotomy without further complications. PMID:24876905
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Treatments
... information Membership Directory (SIR login) Interventional Radiology Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Interventional Radiologists Treat Abdominal Aneurysms Nonsurgically Interventional radiologists ...
Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus: A report of four cases and a review of the literature
Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma (CDL), also termed Sternberg tumor, is a variant of uterine leiomyoma that is rarely diagnosed by clinical evaluation. At present, ~43 cases of CDL have been reported in the literature written in the English language. Due to the distinctive grapelike gross appearance of an exophytic mass resembles placental tissue, CDL is often misdiagnosed clinically as an ovarian tumor or uterine sarcoma. Therefore, an awareness of the features of the disease is important to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment. The present study reports 4 cases of CDL of the uterus that were treated at the Second Hospital of Jilin University between January 2009 and December 2011. All 4 patients in the current study presented with a palpable asymptomatic pelvic mass, which was detected during physical examinations, and cancer antigen 125 tumor marker levels that were within the normal range. The exploratory laparotomy of the 4 patients revealed lobulated tumors with a grapelike appearance extending from the lateral uterine wall into the ligament or the adjacent tissues. The frozen section and postoperative pathology were diagnosed as CDL. A total abdominal hysterectomy was performed in the first case of a 55-year-old woman that had been in menopause for 7 years. The patient was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 48 months of follow-up. A total abdominal hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy were performed in the second case of a 43-year-old woman, who was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 26 months of follow-up. A subtotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed in the third case of a 37-year-old woman, who was well and showed no evidence of disease subsequent to 27 months of follow-up. A total abdominal hysterectomy and right-salpingectomy were performed with the removal of a retroperitoneal fibroid extension in the fourth case of a 48-year-old woman, who was well and showed no evidence of
MRI in the assessment of prolapsed pedunculated submucous leiomyomas: two case reports.
Fiaschetti, V; Fornari, M; Cama, V; Rascioni, M; Liberto, V; Sorrenti, G; Simonetti, G
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign gynecological tumors affecting 20-30% of women in reproductive age. Despite their benignity, in some cases several symptoms may require surgical intervention. Submucosal leiomyomas are less frequent (5-10%), but are usually symptomatic. Approximately 2.5% of the myomas are pedunculated and can protrude in the cervical canal. Symptomatic leiomyomas can be treated either by hysterectomy or myomectomy, and these procedures can be performed with several techniques. Whenever possible, hysteroscopic myomectomy is better because it has many advantages, as it also preserves future fertility. Two interesting cases of prolapsed pedunculated submucous leiomyomas are reported in order to prove that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential to choose the most appropriate treatment and to perform an adequate presurgical planning, which must be based on an overall assessment of the leiomyoma's characteristics (number, location, size and presence or absence of a stalk) and the patient's characteristics. PMID:26753498
Leiomyoma of the bladder in a patient with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis
Däuth, T L; Conradie, M; Chetty, R
Leiomyomas are an uncommon manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and occur most often in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, they have a proclivity for the proximal small bowel and tend to be multiple. Urinary tract involvement by NF-1 is usually in the form of neurofibromas, and leiomyomas are exceptionally rare. This report describes a case of solitary leiomyoma occurring in a 49 year old woman with NF-1. The patient had symptoms related to a lower urinary tract infection and on examination was found to have a distended bladder. Imaging of the bladder showed a mass involving the posterior wall, neck, and trigone causing bilateral hydronephrosis. The mass was excised with part of the bladder. Microscopic examination revealed typical features of a leiomyoma and there was strong immunoreactivity for desmin and smooth muscle actin. Leiomyoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms in patients with NF-1. PMID:12944559
G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 gene polymorphisms are associated with uterine leiomyoma risk
Kasap, Burcu; Turhan, Nilgün Öztürk; Edgünlü, Tuba; Duran, Müzeyyen; Akbaba, Eren; Öner, Gökalp
The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER-1) is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor 1 family and is expressed significantly in uterine leiomyomas. To understand the relationship between GPR30 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of leiomyoma, we measured the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels of 78 perimenopausal healthy women and 111 perimenopausal women with leiomyomas. The participants' leiomyoma number and volume were recorded. DNA was extracted from whole blood with a GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit. An amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction approach was used for genotyping of the GPR30 gene (rs3808350, rs3808351, and rs11544331). The differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the leiomyoma and control groups were calculated using the chi-square (χ2) and Fischer's exact test. The median FSH level was higher in controls (63 vs. 10 IU/L, p=0.000), whereas the median E2 level was higher in the leiomyoma group (84 vs. 9.1 pg/mL, p=0.000). The G allele of rs3808351 and the GG genotype of both the rs3808350 and rs3808351 polymorphisms and the GGC haplotype increased the risk of developing leiomyoma. There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies or leiomyoma volume. However, the GG genotype of the GPR30 rs3808351 polymorphism and G allele of the GPR30 rs3808351 polymorphism were associated with the risk of having a single leiomyoma. Our results suggest that the presence of the GG genotype of the GPR30 rs3808351 polymorphism and the G allele of the GPR30 rs3808351 polymorphism affect the characteristics and development of leiomyomas in the Turkish population. PMID:26773178
A Case of Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma with Multiple Metastasis to the Soft Tissue, Skeletal Muscle, Lung and Breast
Jo, Ji Hoon; Lee, Jin Hwa; Kim, Dae Cheol; Kim, Sung Hyun; Kwon, Hyuk Chan; Kim, Jae Seok
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is composed of well-differentiated smooth muscle cells and dense connective tissue. BML affects middle-aged women who have had previous hysterectomies due to a histologically benign-appearing uterine leiomyoma. We report here on a case of BML from the uterine leiomyoma in a 39-year-old woman that involved the soft tissues, skeletal muscles, lungs and breasts. She underwent a hysterectomy for the uterine leiomyoma, double oophorectomy for hormonal ablation and lung wedge resection to confirm the diagnosis. The microscopic findings of the breast and lung tumor were similar to those of the benign uterine leiomyoma. Therefore, we consider that these lesions were breast and pulmonary metastases of the uterine leiomyoma. We report here on a rare case of benign metastasizing uterine leiomyoma that involved the soft tissue, skeletal muscles, lungs and breasts, and we include a review of the relevant literature. PMID:17017672
A rare case of leiomyoma of the internal anal sphincter
Sturiale, Alessandro; Fabiani, Bernardina; Naldini, Gabriele
Introduction Leiomyoma is a benign tumour which derives from the smooth muscle fibres and it may occurs in every site in which this type of muscle is present. Among all benign soft tissue tumours it represents almost 3.8% and its pathogenesis remains still unknown. Presentation of case The present case is about a 62 year old woman referred to our centre complaining anal and perineal pain which increase after defecation in association with the appearance of a nodule in the perianal region fixed to the anal sphincter. A 360° tridimensional transanal ultrasound was performed and it showed an anterior nodular thickening of the internal anal sphincter. After an inconclusive preoperative biopsy and a counselling with the patient, the surgeons decided to proceed with the surgical excision. The immunohistochemical examination confirmed the preoperative suspicion of leiomyoma. At 1 year follow-up the patient had not tumour-related symptoms or fecal incontinence and any signs of local recurrence at ultrasound imaging were demonstrated. Discussion Leiomyomas are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy whereby surgery is the treatment of choice and it should be adequate to the site and dimension of the lesion achieving a complete resection with free margins. A further close follow-up is needed too. Conclusion Nowadays there is not a gold standard technique to treat such kind of lesions and the decision of the best surgical approach should depend on the dimension and site. In fact, surgery aims to the oncological outcome trying also to minimize the possible post-operative functional complications. PMID:27078867
Stankova, T; Ganovska, A; Kovachev, S
Vaginal myomas are rare benign, mesenchyme, monoclonal tumors. They originate from smooth muscle cells and have a diverse and non-specific clinical feature. They are normally presented as single solid nodules localized in anterior vaginal wall in women between the ages of 35-50 years. Often times they are secondary originating from a cervical or vaginal lesion in woman who had undergone a hysterectomy on account of a myoma. We present a rare case of vaginal myoma localized in the posterior vaginal wall in a patient, who had undergone a total hysterectomy 19 years ago on account of a myoma. PMID:26817262
Symplastic leiomyoma of the scrotum. A case report.
De Rosa, G; Boscaino, A; Giordano, G; Donofrio, V; Staibano, S; Maio, C; Iandolo, M
Mesenchimal tumors of the scrotum are rare lesions. Here, we describe a case of symplastic leiomyoma of the scrotum, in a 49-year old man. This is the third case reported in the world literature. Grossly, the lesion is a white-gray nodule, with fasciculated pattern, on sectioning. Histologically, the neoplasm is formed by whorling bundles of fusiform cells, which have atypical nuclei, with occasional cytoplasmatic inclusions. Mitoses are absent. The muscolar nature of the lesion is demonstrated by positivity for Masson-trichrome stain and for actin and desmine antigens. PMID:8767397
Antitumor Effects of Flavopiridol on Human Uterine Leiomyoma In Vitro and in a Xenograft Model
Lee, Hyun-Gyo; Baek, Jong-Woo; Shin, So-Jin; Kwon, Sang-Hoon; Cha, Soon-Do; Park, Won-Jin; Chung, Rosa; Choi, Eun-Som; Lee, Gun-Ho
Dysregulated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are considered a potential target for cancer therapy. Flavopiridol is a potent CDK inhibitor. In this study, the antiproliferative effect of the flavonoid compound flavopiridol and its mechanism in human uterine leiomyoma cells were investigated. The present study focused on the effect of flavopiridol in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in primary cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells. Cell viability and cell proliferation assays were conducted. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the effect of flavopiridol on cell cycle. The expression of cell cycle regulatory-related proteins was evaluated by Western blotting. Cell viability and proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells were significantly reduced by flavopiridol treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results showed that flavopiridol induced G1 phase arrest. Flavopiridol-induced growth inhibition in uterine leiomyoma cells was associated with increased expression of p21cip/wafl and p27kip1 in a dose-dependent manner. Downregulation of CDK2/4 and Cyclin A with a concomitant increase in dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma was observed. This study demonstrates that flavopiridol inhibits cell proliferation by initiating G1 cell cycle arrest in human uterine leiomyoma. We also found that flavopiridol is effective in inhibiting xenografted human uterine leiomyoma growth. These results indicate that flavopiridol could prove to be a promising chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for human uterine leiomyoma. PMID:24572052
Superficial leiomyomas of the gastrointestinal tract with interstitial cells of Cajal
Janevska, Vesna; Qerimi, Adelina; Basheska, Neli; Stojkova, Elena; Janevski, Vlado; Jovanovic, Rubens; Zhivadinovik, Julija; Spasevska, Liljana
Objective: Some authors suggest common origin of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from stem cells, which may show diverse differentiation. There are reports in which cells morphologically identical to the interstitial cells of Cajal are found in deep leiomyomas. The aim of this study was to demonstrate CD117 positive cells in superficial gastrointestinal (GI) leiomyomas and to find other cells that would suggest diverse differentiation in histologically typical leiomyoma. Materials and methods: We analyzed 8 cases of superficial leiomyomas and one deep leiomyoma, received in our institutions as endoscopically or surgically obtained material. The tumor sections were immunohistochemicaly stained with CD117, CD34, NF, S100, αSMA, desmin, caldesmon and mast cell antigen. Results: All leiomyomas showed diffuse positivity for αSMA, caldesmon and desmin. All of them had CD117 and CD34 positive cells morphologically identical to the interstitial cells of Cajal between smooth muscle fibers, 5 had S-100 and NF positive cells and 2 showed positivity for GFAP. The cells were found in different quantity; they were usually diffusely scattered through the tumors without predilection site, forming small groups in some areas. Conclusion: CD177, CD34, S-100 and NF positive cells are present in superficial leiomyomas and they may suggest common origin of GI stromal tumors. PMID:26884872
Bisphenol-A Concentrations from Leiomyoma Patients by LC/MS
Han, Myoung Seok; Byun, Jae Chun; Park, Ji Eun; Kim, Ji Young; Chung, Jin Yong; Kim, Jong Min
The aim of this study is to investigate how many leiomyoma patients are exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA) , an endocrine disruptor, and whether the serum concentration of BPA is related to leiomyoma growth. Initially, 128 patients were divided into one control and three leiomyoma groups (mild, moderate and severe) according to the size of the leiomyomas. Serum BPA concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) . Nearly two-thirds of leiomyoma patients were exposed to BPA and the range of BPA was from non-detection to 2.603 ng/ml. The mean BPA concentrations in the groups were 1.015 ± 0.775 ng/ml (control) , 0.774 ± 0.834 ng/ml (mild) , 1.261 ± 0.797 ng/ml (moderate) and 1.244 ± 0.860 ng/ml (severe) (p = 0.158) . After recombination into two group, Group 1 (control plus mild) vs. Group 2 (moderate plus severe) , higher level was found in Group 2 even with no statistical significance (p = 0.06) . In conclusion, about two-thirds of leiomyoma patients were exposed to BPA, but it may not have growth promoting effect on leiomyoma. PMID:24278551
Differential Expression of MicroRNA Species in Human Uterine Leiomyoma versus Normal Myometrium
Marsh, Erica E.; Lin, Zhihong; Yin, Ping; Milad, Magdy; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Bulun, Serdar E.
Objective To determine whether microRNAs are differentially expressed in human leiomyoma versus matched myometrial tissue. Design Microarray with real-time PCR validation. Setting Academic medical center Patients Premenopausal subjects (n=13), who were undergoing hysterectomies for leiomyoma-related symptoms. Interventions none Main Outcome Measure Statistically differential expression of microRNAs in leiomyoma versus myometrium. Results Forty-six miRNA species were differentially expressed in leiomyoma versus normal myometrium with p-values <0.01. Of these, 19 were overexpressed whereas 27 were downregulated in leiomyomas. The fold changes ranged from 1.2 to 11.8. These findings were confirmed using real time RT-PCR for selected miRNAs (miRNAs 21, 34a, 125b, 139 and 323). Conclusions Our findings indicate that miRNAs are differentially expressed between human leiomyoma and matched myometrium. Given this differential expression, miRNAs may play a role in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma and may serve as future therapeutic targets for the treatment of these tumors. PMID:17765232
Paracrine activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway in uterine leiomyoma stem cells promotes tumor growth
Ono, Masanori; Yin, Ping; Navarro, Antonia; Moravek, Molly B.; Coon, John S.; Druschitz, Stacy A.; Serna, Vanida Ann; Qiang, Wenan; Brooks, David C.; Malpani, Saurabh S.; Ma, Jiajia; Ercan, Cihangir Mutlu; Mittal, Navdha; Monsivais, Diana; Dyson, Matthew T.; Yemelyanov, Alex; Maruyama, Tetsuo; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Kim, J. Julie; Kurita, Takeshi; Gottardi, Cara J.; Bulun, Serdar E.
Uterine leiomyomas are extremely common estrogen and progesterone-dependent tumors of the myometrium and cause irregular uterine bleeding, severe anemia, and recurrent pregnancy loss in 15–30% of reproductive-age women. Each leiomyoma is thought to arise from a single mutated myometrial smooth muscle stem cell. Leiomyoma side-population (LMSP) cells comprising 1% of all tumor cells and displaying tumor-initiating stem cell characteristics are essential for estrogen- and progesterone-dependent in vivo growth of tumors, although they have remarkably lower estrogen/progesterone receptor levels than mature myometrial or leiomyoma cells. However, how estrogen/progesterone regulates the growth of LMSP cells via mature neighboring cells is unknown. Here, we demonstrate a critical paracrine role of the wingless-type (WNT)/β-catenin pathway in estrogen/progesterone-dependent tumorigenesis, involving LMSP and differentiated myometrial or leiomyoma cells. Estrogen/progesterone treatment of mature myometrial cells induced expression of WNT11 and WNT16, which remained constitutively elevated in leiomyoma tissues. In LMSP cells cocultured with mature myometrial cells, estrogen-progesterone selectively induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin and induced transcriptional activity of its heterodimeric partner T-cell factor and their target gene AXIN2, leading to the proliferation of LMSP cells. This effect could be blocked by a WNT antagonist. Ectopic expression of inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor 4 in LMSP cells, but not in mature leiomyoma cells, blocked the estrogen/progesterone-dependent growth of human tumors in vivo. We uncovered a paracrine role of the WNT/β-catenin pathway that enables mature myometrial or leiomyoma cells to send mitogenic signals to neighboring tissue stem cells in response to estrogen and progesterone, leading to the growth of uterine leiomyomas. PMID:24082114
Morphologic and molecular characteristics of uterine leiomyomas in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer (HLRCC) syndrome
Sanz-Ortega, Julian; Vocke, Cathy; Stratton, Pamela; Linehan, W. Marston
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a hereditary cancer syndrome where affected individuals are predisposed to the development of multiple leiomyomas of the skin and uterus and aggressive forms of kidney cancer. Affected individuals harbor a germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Uterine leiomyomas are present in up to 77 percent of women with this syndrome. Previous studies have shown that inactivation of the FH gene is unusual for non-syndromic leiomyomas. Therefore, it might be possible to distinguish two genetic groups of smooth muscle tumors: the most common group of sporadic uterine leiomyomas without FH gene inactivation and the more unusual group of HLRCC leiomyomas in patients that harbor a germline mutation of FH, although the exact prevalence of hereditary HLRCC is unknown. We reviewed the clinical, morphological and genotypical features of uterine leiomyomas in 19 HLRCC patients with FH germline mutations. Patients with HLRCC syndrome were younger in age compared with regular leiomyomata. DNA was extracted by microdissection and analysis of LOH at 1q43 was performed. Uterine leiomyomas in HLRCC have young age onset and are multiple with size ranging from 1 to 8 cm. Histopathologically, HLRCC leiomyomas frequently had increased cellularity, multinucleated cells and atypia. All cases showed tumor nuclei with large orangiophillic, nucleoi surrounded by a perinucleolar halo similar to the changes found in HLRCC renal cell cancer. Occasional mitoses were found in three cases; however the tumors did not fulfill the criteria for malignancy. Our study also showed that LOH at 1q43 was frequent in HLRCC leiomyomas (8/10 cases), similarly to what it has been previously found in renal cell carcinomas from HLRCC patients. LOH is considered to be the second hit that inactivates the FH gene. We conclude that uterine leiomyomas associated with HLRCC syndrome have characteristic morphologic features. Both
Curative ESD for intraepithelial esophageal carcinoma with leiomyoma mimicking submucosal invasive carcinoma.
Niimi, Keiko; Kodashima, Shinya; Ono, Satoshi; Goto, Osamu; Yamamichi, Nobutake; Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro
This case report presents a 65-year-old man who developed early esophageal cancer with leiomyoma treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). There have been several reports of co-existing superficial esophageal cancer and leiomyoma treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. However, there is no previous report describing the co-existing lesion treated by ESD. In order to determine treatment strategies for esophageal cancer, accurate endoscopic evaluation of the cancerous depth is essential. In the present case, the combination of endoscopic ultrasonography and narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy was extremely useful to evaluate the superficial esophageal cancer with leiomyoma, which lead to the appropriate treatment, ESD. PMID:21160655
[Previa uterine leiomyoma: a rare case of bowel obstruction during pregnancy].
Brazet, E; Ghassani, A; Voglimacci, M; Chalret Du Rieu, M; Berlioux, P; Parant, O
We report the case of a massive posterior leiomyoma leading to a bowel acute obstruction and an obstructive renal failure in a 33 years old primigest woman during pregnancy. The patient underwent a urinal and an intestinal derivation during de second trimester of pregnancy as a conservative management. End of pregnancy was uneventful and she gave birth to an healthy boy (2345g) at term, by cesarean section for praevia leiomyoma. The myoma was removed 6 weeks after delivery with restoration of digestive continuity in the same time. This case report shows the morbidity of 10cm and larger leiomyoma during pregnancy. PMID:25444702
Morphologic and molecular characteristics of uterine leiomyomas in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer (HLRCC) syndrome.
Sanz-Ortega, Julian; Vocke, Cathy; Stratton, Pamela; Linehan, William Marston; Merino, Maria J
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a hereditary cancer syndrome in which affected individuals are predisposed to the development of multiple leiomyomas of the skin and uterus and aggressive forms of kidney cancer. Affected individuals harbor a germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Uterine leiomyomas are present in up to 77% of women with this syndrome. Previous studies have shown that inactivation of the FH gene is unusual for nonsyndromic leiomyomas. Therefore, it might be possible to distinguish 2 genetic groups of smooth muscle tumors: the most common group of sporadic uterine leiomyomas without FH gene inactivation and the more unusual group of HLRCC leiomyomas in patients who harbor a germline mutation of FH, although the exact prevalence of hereditary HLRCC is unknown. We reviewed the clinical, morphologic, and genotypic features of uterine leiomyomas in 19 HLRCC patients with FH germline mutations. Patients with HLRCC syndrome were younger in age compared with those with regular leiomyomata. DNA was extracted by microdissection, and analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 1q43 was performed. Uterine leiomyomas in HLRCC have young age of onset and are multiple, with size ranging from 1 to 8 cm. Histopathologically, HLRCC leiomyomas frequently had increased cellularity, multinucleated cells, and atypia. All cases showed tumor nuclei with large orangeophilic nucleoli surrounded by a perinucleolar halo similar to the changes found in HLRCC. Occasional mitoses were found in 3 cases; however, the tumors did not fulfill the criteria for malignancy. Our study also showed that LOH at 1q43 was frequent in HLRCC leiomyomas (8/10 cases), similarly to what has been previously found in renal cell carcinomas from HLRCC patients. LOH is considered to be the second hit that inactivates the FH gene. We conclude that uterine leiomyomas associated with HLRCC syndrome have characteristic morphologic
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
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Massive Broad Ligament Cellular Leiomyoma with Cystic Change: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Zaheer, Sufian; Yadav, Amit Kumar; Mandal, Ashish Kumar
Leiomyomas are known to arise from uterus, but rarely from broad ligament. Further, cellular leiomyoma of broad ligament is the least common variant reported in literature. The diagnostic dilemma arises when leiomyomas undergo degenerative changes. This poses both clinical and radiological difficulty in differentiating with an ovarian tumour. We present an unusual case of a huge broad ligament mass measuring 29x19x09cm, mimicking an ovarian tumour both clinically and radiologically. Histopathology revealed cellular leiomyoma of broad ligament with cystic and myxoid degeneration hereby being the second case reported in literature. This case is being presented not only because of the rare incidence but also due to its diagnostic confusion with ovarian malignancy on clinical evaluation and radiological findings. PMID:27190813
The activities of some glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes in uterine leiomyomas.
Wolańska, Małgorzata; Sobolewski, Krzysztof; Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna; Jaworski, Stefan
The activities of some glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes in uterine leiomyomas. Both normal human myometrium and uterine leiomyoma contain several glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). In contrast to many normal and tumour tissues the amount of hyaluronic acid (HA) is very low and the proportional amount of sulphated glycosaminoglycans is distinctly higher. We compared the activity of GAG-degrading enzymes in normal myometrium and in uterine leiomyomas. Growth of uterine leiomyomas results in significant reduction in the activities of neutral endoglycosidases degrading most of the sulphated glycosaminoglycans. The activities of acid endoglycosidases also decreased (with the exception of chondroitin-6-sulphate). Thus, the differentiated activity of glycosidases degrading glycosaminoglycans can be a factor modifying the quantity of GAGs. PMID:12932876
Incidental Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma in a Patient with Bone Sarcoma: A Case Report
del Real-Romo, Zanndor Jacob; Montero-Cantú, Carlos; Villegas-Cabello, Oscar; Díaz-Elizondo, José Antonio; Reyes-Salas, Danae; Palomo-Hoil, Rene; Peralta-Castillo, Guillermo; Martínez-Sánchez, David; Flores-Villalba, Eduardo
Background. The benign metastasizing leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare entity; it presents with ectopic leiomyoma nodules with a benign pattern. Symptoms vary according to the anatomic location. The diagnosis is histopathological, usually in patients with history of hysterectomy. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old female with 2-month history of left knee pain was diagnosed with bone fibrosarcoma. A CT scan showed pulmonary nodules. The patient started neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conservative surgery of pelvic limb was achieved. A new CT scan reported pulmonary nodules that remained in relation to the previous CT. A nodule resection by thoracotomy and TOB (transoperative biopsy) was performed. The final pathology report described benign proliferative lesions consistent with benign metastatic leiomyoma. Conclusions. Benign metastatic leiomyoma is a rare condition presenting with uterine and extrauterine nodules most commonly in the lung. The diagnosis is histopathological. The surgical procedure must be reserved for selected patients. PMID:25221682
Primary endobronchial myxoid leiomyoma in a child: An unusual case report and review of literature.
Awasthi, Ashutosh; Dubey, Suparna; Sabhikhi, Abha K; Bal, Sabyasachi
Primary leiomyomas are rare benign tumors of the lung and only 25 cases have been documented in children, most of which are endobronchial. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms, usually diagnosed on morphological characteristics. However, immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in the lineage differentiation when these are encountered at unusual sites or with unexpected morphological features. We report a case of endobronchial tumor of a 13-year-old male child who presented with a dry cough and hemoptysis. A mass lesion in the right main bronchus was detected by bronchoscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. On histopathological examination of the resected specimen, a diagnosis of myxoid leiomyoma was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of myxoid leiomyoma to be reported in the respiratory tract. This case also demonstrates the need for a high index of suspicion and the role of immunomarkers in the diagnosis of such challenging cases. PMID:26960646
Bizarre leiomyoma of the scrotum: A case report and review of the literature
Bizarre leiomyomas of the scrotum are rare benign tumors that are often misdiagnosed. In this study, we present a case of bizarre leiomyoma of the scrotum in a 53-year-old male. The patient presented with a painless scrotal mass that was insidious in the right side of the scrotum with no sudden increase in size. Definitive preoperative diagnosis could not be established; however, following surgical resection of the tumor, a diagnosis of bizarre leiomyoma of the scrotum was determined by pathological examination. The patient was followed up six months following resection and no problems were reported. This is the first reported case of bizarre leiomyoma of the scrotum in China. A supplementary review of previously published cases and literature is also presented. PMID:24765204
Uterine Leiomyoma and Prolapse in a Live-stranded Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis).
Díaz-Delgado, J; Fernández, A; Edwards, J F; Sierra, E; Xuriach, A; García-Álvarez, N; Sacchini, S; Groch, K R; Andrada, M; Arbelo, M
A uterine prolapse associated with a leiomyoma (fibroid) was observed in a live-stranded Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis). A 7 cm segment of the reproductive tract including the cervix, uterine neck and caudal uterine body had intussuscepted and prolapsed into the cranial vaginal vault. In the leading edge of the intussuscepted/prolapsed uterine wall was a 6 × 3 × 3.5 cm leiomyoma expanding the myometrium. The leiomyoma and prolapse were associated with necrotizing exposure endometritis. This is the first report of a uterine prolapse associated with a leiomyoma in a cetacean. This lesion was believed to be the underlying cause of the live stranding. PMID:25979681
Endobronchial leiomyoma in an immunocompetent four-year-old female child.
Gupta, Pallav; Aggarwal, Riti; Rijal, Prashant; Chugh, Krishan
Pulmonary leiomyoma are uncommonly encountered benign mesenchymal neoplasms in children, usually found in immunosuppressed individuals in association with human immunodeficiency virus or Ebstein-Barr virus infection. We describe an interesting case of a 4-year-old immunocompetent girl who presented with pleural effusion and lung collapse secondary to endobronchial leiomyoma. She underwent a left thoracotomy and a left pneumonectomy for excision of the bronchial mass. PMID:24585919
Primary Paratracheal Leiomyoma: Increased Preoperative Diagnostic Specificity With Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Levesque, Marie-Hélène; Aisagbonhi, Omonigho; Digumarthy, Subba; Wright, Cameron D; Ackman, Jeanne B
We report the case of a 47-year-old woman whose primary mediastinal leiomyoma was incidentally found during evaluation of her persistent cough. The preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal leiomyoma is challenging because of its rarity and indeterminate features on chest radiography, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-CT. We highlight how magnetic resonance imaging can substantially contribute to mediastinal mass characterization and diagnostic specificity. PMID:27449453
Paratesticular leiomyoma with a der(14)t(12;14)(q15;q24).
Gorunova, Ludmila; Bjerkehagen, Bodil; Heim, Sverre
While uterine leiomyomas are among the most common and best cytogenetically characterized solid tumors, leiomyomas at other sites are rare. Only two karyotypically abnormal leiomyomas in males have been reported to date, both of them with unspecific chromosome aberrations. We recently analyzed by G-banding a paratesticular leiomyoma, a tumor type not cytogenetically examined before, and found the pseudodiploid karyotype 46,XY,der(5)t(5;14)(q31;q24),der(14)t(12;14)(q15;q24). The leiomyoma cells demonstrated strong immunohistochemical nuclear expression of the HMGA2 protein, supporting a role of HMGA2 as the target gene in 12q14∼15 rearrangements. In uterine leiomyomas, the t(12;14)(q15;q24) is the most frequent translocation leading to overexpression of HMGA2, therefore it seems that a common pathogenetic pathway exists for benign smooth muscle tumors of both the female and male reproductive organs. The finding of this abnormality may help identify a scrotal tumor of uncertain biologic potential but with smooth muscle differentiation as benign. PMID:21962898
Transcription factor KLF11 integrates progesterone receptor signaling and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells.
Yin, Ping; Lin, Zhihong; Reierstad, Scott; Wu, Ju; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Marsh, Erica E; Innes, Joy; Cheng, Youhong; Pearson, Kerry; Coon, John Sayler; Kim, J Julie; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Bulun, Serdar E
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of the female genital tract and the leading cause of hysterectomy. Although progesterone stimulates the proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells, the mechanism of progesterone action is not well understood. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-cloning approach to identify progesterone receptor (PR) target genes in primary uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. We identified 18 novel PR-binding sites, one of which was located 20.5 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site of the Krüppel-like transcription factor 11 (KLF11) gene. KLF11 mRNA levels were minimally downregulated by progesterone but robustly upregulated by the progesterone antagonist RU486. Luciferase reporter assays showed significant baseline and RU486-inducible promoter activity in the KLF11 basal promoter or distal PR-binding region, both of which contained multiple Sp1-binding sequences but lacked classic progesterone response elements. RU486 stimulated recruitment of Sp1, RNA polymerase II, PR, and the coactivators SRC-1 and SRC-2 to the distal region and basal promoter. siRNA knockdown of PR increased KLF11 expression, whereas knockdown of KLF11 increased leiomyoma cell proliferation and abolished the antiproliferative effect of RU486. In vivo, KLF11 expression was significantly lower in leiomyoma tissues compared with adjacent myometrial tissues. Taken together, using a ChIP-cloning approach, we uncovered KLF11 as an integrator of PR signaling and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells. PMID:20124487
Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use in premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma: a systematic review.
Jiang, Wenxiao; Shen, Qi; Chen, Miaomiao; Wang, Ying; Zhou, Qingfeng; Zhu, Xuejie; Zhu, Xueqiong
A systematic review is done to determine the efficacy and safety of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems as a treatment using in premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. We searched the Medline, Central and ICTRP databases for all articles published from inception through July 2013 that examined the following outcomes: uterine volume, uterine leiomyoma volume, endometrial thickness, then menstrual blood loss, blood haemoglobin, ferritin and hematocrit levels, treatment failure rate, device expulsion rate, hysterectomy rate and side effects. From 645 studies, a total of 11 studies met our inclusion criteria with sample sizes ranging from 10 to 104. Evidence suggested that levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems could decrease uterine volume and endometrial thickness, significantly reduce menstrual blood loss, and increase blood haemoglobin, ferritin and hematocrit levels. There was no evidence for decreasing uterine leiomyoma volume. There were no adverse effects on the ovarian function except for ovarian cysts. Device expulsion rates were low, which associated with leiomyoma size (larger than 3cm) but not with leiomyoma location. Irregular bleeding/spotting was observed at the beginning of the follow-up period and then decreased progressively. Results of this systematic review indicate that levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems may be effective and safe treatment for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma in premenopausal women. PMID:24832215
Postpartum Prolapsed Leiomyoma with Uterine Inversion Managed by Vaginal Hysterectomy
Pieh-Holder, Kelly L.; DeVente, James E.
Background. Uterine inversion is a rare, but life threatening, obstetrical emergency which occurs when the uterine fundus collapses into the endometrial cavity. Various conservative and surgical therapies have been outlined in the literature for the management of uterine inversions. Case. We present a case of a chronic, recurrent uterine inversion, which was diagnosed following spontaneous vaginal delivery and recurred seven weeks later. The uterine inversion was likely due to a leiomyoma. This late-presenting, chronic, recurring uterine inversion was treated with a vaginal hysterectomy. Conclusion. Uterine inversions can occur in both acute and chronic phases. Persistent vaginal bleeding with the appearance of a prolapsing fibroid should prompt further investigation for uterine inversion and may require surgical therapy. A vaginal hysterectomy may be an appropriate management option in select populations and may be considered in women who do not desire to maintain reproductive function. PMID:25379314
A case of placenta increta mimicking submucous leiomyoma.
Ekiz, Ali; Polat, Ibrahim; Mumusoglu, Sezcan; Aydiner, Burchan; Ozdemir, Cagdas; Arslan, Hilal Serap
In recent years with the increase in cesarean section rates, the frequency of placenta accreta cases rises. It causes 33-50% of all emergency peripartum hysterectomies. We present a 42-year-old case who was caught with early postpartum hemorrhage due to retained placental products. The ultrasonography showed a 65 × 84 mm mass in the uterine cavity after the delivery. Due to presence of early postpartum hemorrhage which needs transfusion, an intervention decision was made. The patient underwent curettage but the mass could not be removed so that placental retention was ruled out. Submucous leiomyoma was made as first-prediagnosis. Hysterectomy operation was performed as a curative treatment. Placenta increta diagnosis was made as a final diagnosis with pathological examination. As a result, placental attachment disorders may be overlooked if it is not a placenta previa case. PMID:25544918
A Case of Placenta Increta Mimicking Submucous Leiomyoma
Polat, Ibrahim; Mumusoglu, Sezcan; Aydiner, Burchan; Ozdemir, Cagdas; Arslan, Hilal Serap
In recent years with the increase in cesarean section rates, the frequency of placenta accreta cases rises. It causes 33–50% of all emergency peripartum hysterectomies. We present a 42-year-old case who was caught with early postpartum hemorrhage due to retained placental products. The ultrasonography showed a 65 × 84 mm mass in the uterine cavity after the delivery. Due to presence of early postpartum hemorrhage which needs transfusion, an intervention decision was made. The patient underwent curettage but the mass could not be removed so that placental retention was ruled out. Submucous leiomyoma was made as first-prediagnosis. Hysterectomy operation was performed as a curative treatment. Placenta increta diagnosis was made as a final diagnosis with pathological examination. As a result, placental attachment disorders may be overlooked if it is not a placenta previa case. PMID:25544918
Reconstruction option of abdominal wounds with large tissue defects
Background Abdominal wall defects result from trauma, abdominal wall tumors, necrotizing infections or complications of previous abdominal surgeries. Apart from cosmetics, abdominal wall defects have strong negative functional impact on the patients. Many different techniques exist for abdominal wall repair. Most problematic and troublesome are defects, where major part of abdominal wall had to be resected and tissue for transfer or reconstruction is absent. Case presentation Authors of the article present operative technique, in which reconstruction of abdominal wall was managed by composite polypropylene mesh with absorbable collagen film, creation of granulation tissue with use of NPWT (negative pressure wound therapy), and subsequent split skin grafting. Three patients with massive abdominal wall defect were successfully managed and abdominal wall reconstruction was performed by mentioned technique. Functional and cosmetic effect is acceptable and patients have good postoperative quality of life. Conclusions Patients with giant abdominal defects can benefit from described technique. It serves as the only option, with which abdominal wall is fully reconstructed without need for the secondary intervention. PMID:25103782
Giant myoma and erythrocytosis syndrome.
Ozsaran, A A; Itil, I M; Terek, C; Kazandi, M; Dikmen, Y
The objective of this study is to discuss the myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome in a patient with a giant subserous uterine myoma. She presented with plethora and an abdominal mass. After venesection of 4 units of blood, the preoperative haematocrit value of 53.3% and haemoglobin value of 17.5 g/dL had decreased to 48.6% and 16.8 g/dL levels, respectively. After the operative extraction of the giant subserous myoma with attached uterus weighing 14.2 kg, the haematocrit and the haemoglobin values had regressed to 40.3% and 14.3 g/dL levels, respectively. The findings indicated that the giant subserous myoma was the cause of the myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome in this patient. PMID:10554963
GSTM1 Gene Expression Correlates to Leiomyoma Volume Regression in Response to Mifepristone Treatment
Engman, Mikael; Varghese, Suby; Lagerstedt Robinson, Kristina; Malmgren, Helena; Hammarsjö, Anna; Byström, Birgitta; L Lalitkumar, Parameswaran Grace; Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina
Progesterone receptor modulators, such as mifepristone are useful and well tolerated in reducing leiomyoma volume although with large individual variation. The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular basis for the observed leiomyoma volume reduction, in response to mifepristone treatment and explore a possible molecular marker for the selective usage of mifepristone in leiomyoma patients. Premenopausal women (N = 14) were treated with mifepristone 50 mg, every other day for 12 weeks prior to surgery. Women were arbitrarily sub-grouped as good (N = 4), poor (N = 4) responders to treatment or intermediate respondents (N = 3). Total RNA was extracted from leiomyoma tissue, after surgical removal of the tumour and the differential expression of genes were analysed by microarray. The results were analysed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. The glutathione pathway was the most significantly altered canonical pathway in which the glutathione-s transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene was significantly over expressed (+8.03 folds) among the good responders compared to non responders. This was further confirmed by Real time PCR (p = 0.024). Correlation of immunoreactive scores (IRS) for GSTM1 accumulation in leiomyoma tissue was seen with base line volume change of leiomyoma R = −0.8 (p = 0.011). Furthermore the accumulation of protein GSTM1 analysed by Western Blot correlated significantly with the percentual leiomyoma volume change R = −0.82 (p = 0.004). Deletion of the GSTM1 gene in leiomyoma biopsies was found in 50% of the mifepristone treated cases, with lower presence of the GSTM1 protein. The findings support a significant role for GSTM1 in leiomyoma volume reduction induced by mifepristone and explain the observed individual variation in this response. Furthermore the finding could be useful to further explore GSTM1 as a biomarker for tailoring medical treatment of uterine leiomyomas for optimizing the response
Diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of esophageal leiomyoma: clinical analysis of 77 patients
Wang, Yun-Xi; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Yi; Liu, Yang; Chu, Xiang-Yang; Lu, Zhong-Sheng; Wang, Zhan-Bo; Tong, Xin-Yuan
To investigate the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of esophageal leiomyoma. The clinical data of 77 cases of esophageal leiomyoma patients were analyzed between 2005 and 2013. Its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. 39 cases of patients were with eating choking feeling, 18 cases presented with chest pain and weight loss and 20 cases without any symptoms. Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography of each patient was diagnosed as possibility of esophageal submucosal tumor. 3 All patients underwent tumor enucleation, in which tumor electrotomy under gastroscope were done for 2 cases, complete video-assisted thoracoscopic (CVATS) resection of tumor for 24 cases, thoracoscope assisted small incision tumor resection for 29 cases, conventional thoracic tumor resection for 22 cases. The comparison and the difference of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group and the thoracoscope assisted small incision group for the operation time, bleeding volume, drainage volume, extubation time, hospitalization time and fasting time were not statistically significant (P < 0.05). All the patients recovered well and postoperative pathology of each patient was esophageal leiomyoma. They were followed up for 6 months to 8 years, average for 4 years, not recurrence of esophageal leiomyoma. Endoscopic ultrasonography is the most accurate method in diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma. Esophageal leiomyoma which less than 1.0 cm in diameter, regular shape, originated in the muscularis mucosa, endoscopic electrotomy can be used as the preferred; Surgical operation is the main treatment of esophageal leiomyoma, three kinds of operation way has its own corresponding clinical indications, according to the clinical characteristics of patients and operator' habits to choose the corresponding operation way, all can achieve good treatment effect. PMID:26770314
Case report of solitary giant hepatic lymphangioma
Lee, Hwan Hyo
A hepatic lymphangioma is a rare benign neoplasm that is usually associated with systemic lymphangiomatosis. A solitary hepatic lymphangioma is extremely rare. Therefore, we present a rare case of a female patient who underwent right hepatectomy for solitary giant hepatic lymphangioma. A 42-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaint of severe abdominal pain of the right upper quadrant. Abdominal computed tomography showed an approximately 23×30-cm sized, giant, relatively well-defined, homogenous cystic mass with few septa in the right liver (segments VII and VIII). The preoperative diagnosis was a giant hepatic cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. We performed right hepatectomy. The permanent histopathological report revealed cystic lymphangioma of the liver. Although the prognosis of solitary hepatic lymphangioma after surgical resection is favorable, recurrence has been reported in literature. PMID:27212994
Integrated data analysis reveals uterine leiomyoma subtypes with distinct driver pathways and biomarkers
Mehine, Miika; Kaasinen, Eevi; Heinonen, Hanna-Riikka; Mäkinen, Netta; Kämpjärvi, Kati; Sarvilinna, Nanna; Aavikko, Mervi; Vähärautio, Anna; Pasanen, Annukka; Bützow, Ralf; Heikinheimo, Oskari; Sjöberg, Jari; Pitkänen, Esa; Vahteristo, Pia; Aaltonen, Lauri A.
Uterine leiomyomas are common benign smooth muscle tumors that impose a major burden on women's health. Recent sequencing studies have revealed recurrent and mutually exclusive mutations in leiomyomas, suggesting the involvement of molecularly distinct pathways. In this study, we explored transcriptional differences among leiomyomas harboring different genetic drivers, including high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) rearrangements, mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) mutations, biallelic inactivation of fumarate hydratase (FH), and collagen, type IV, alpha 5 and collagen, type IV, alpha 6 (COL4A5-COL4A6) deletions. We also explored the transcriptional consequences of 7q22, 22q, and 1p deletions, aiming to identify possible target genes. We investigated 94 leiomyomas and 60 corresponding myometrial tissues using exon arrays, whole genome sequencing, and SNP arrays. This integrative approach revealed subtype-specific expression changes in key driver pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, Prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1 signaling. Leiomyomas with HMGA2 aberrations displayed highly significant up-regulation of the proto-oncogene pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), suggesting that HMGA2 promotes tumorigenesis through PLAG1 activation. This was supported by the identification of genetic PLAG1 alterations resulting in expression signatures as seen in leiomyomas with HMGA2 aberrations. RAD51 paralog B (RAD51B), the preferential translocation partner of HMGA2, was up-regulated in MED12 mutant lesions, suggesting a role for this gene in the genesis of leiomyomas. FH-deficient leiomyomas were uniquely characterized by activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) target genes, supporting the hypothesis that accumulation of fumarate leads to activation of the oncogenic transcription factor NRF2. This study emphasizes the need for molecular stratification in leiomyoma research and possibly in clinical practice as well. Further research is
An unusual presentation of a submucous leiomyoma accounting to a non-puerperal uterine inversion: A case report
Atalay, Mehmet Aral; Demir, Bilge Çetinkaya; Solak, Neşe; Atalay, Fatma Oz; Küçükkömürcü, Şakir
Non-puerperal uterine inversion is an extremely rare gynaecological event that is usually associated with uterine tumours such as submucous or cervical leiomyomas. In this report, we describe a case of uterine inversion due to a large submucous leiomyoma in a 42-year-old multiparous and obese Caucasian woman. PMID:24592087
Research of dose-effect relationship parameters of percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine leiomyomas--a quantitative study.
Xia, Ma; Jing, Zhang; Zhi-yu, Han; Yu, Yang; Yan-li, Hao; Chang-tao, Xu; Rui-fang, Xu; Bing-song, Zhang; Bao-wei, Dong
Eighty eight patients with 91 uterine leiomyomas who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (PMWA) treatment were prospectively included in the study in order to study the dose-effect relationship parameters (DERP) of PMWA for uterine leiomyomas and its relationship with T2-weighted MR imaging (T2WI). Based on the signal intensity of T2WI, uterine leiomyomas were classified as hypointense, isointense, and hyperintense. During ablation, leiomyomas were treated with quantitative microwave ablation (QMWA) energy of 50 w × 300 s or 60 w × 300 s. After QMWA, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed to evaluate DERP. No matter under 50 w × 300 s or 60 w × 300 s, quantitative microwave ablation volume (QMAV) of hyperintense leiomyoma was smaller than that of hypointense and isointense leiomyoma (P<0.016). For hypointense and isointense leiomyoma, QMAV of 60 w × 300 s was larger than that of 50 w × 300 s (P<0.05). DERPs obtained by T2WI can be used to guide the treatment of uterine leiomyoma by PMWA. PMID:25267154
Young man with dyspnoea for 6 months; presenting with subacute tracheal obstruction due to leiomyoma.
Idrees, Farah; Fatimi, Saulat Husnain; Pervez, Shahid
Tracheal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour with less than a 100 cases reported in the literature. We report a case of leiomyoma initially presenting and being treated as asthma until it lead to life-threatening tracheal obstruction, requiring immediate surgical intervention. PMID:27587746
Tissue-Specific Stem Cells in the Myometrium and Tumor-Initiating Cells in Leiomyoma1
Ono, Masanori; Bulun, Serdar E.; Maruyama, Tetsuo
ABSTRACT Tissue-specific (or somatic) stem cells constitute a subset of cells residing in normal adult tissues. By undergoing asymmetric division, they retain their ability to self-renew while producing daughter cells that go on to differentiate and play a role in tissue regeneration and repair. The human uterus consists primarily of endometrium and myometrium (the smooth muscle layer) that rapidly enlarges through its tremendous regenerative and remodeling capacity to accommodate the developing fetus. Such uterine enlargement and remodeling can take place repeatedly and cyclically over the course of a woman's reproductive life. These unique properties of the uterus suggest the existence of endometrial and myometrial stem cell systems. In addition, like somatic cells, tumor stem cells or tumor-initiating cells, a subset of cells within a tumor, retain the ability to reconstitute tumors. Uterine smooth muscle cells are thought to be the origin of leiomyomas that are the most common type of gynecologic tumor. Recent work has identified, isolated, and characterized putative stem/progenitor cells in the myometrium and in leiomyomas. Here, we review current studies of myometrial and leiomyoma stem/progenitor cells and provide a new paradigm for understanding myometrial physiology and pathology and how these cells might contribute to uterine remodeling during pregnancy and the formation of leiomyomas. The role of the WNT/CTNNB1 pathway in the pathogenesis of leiomyoma is also discussed. PMID:25376230
Apoplectic Leiomyomas: A Morphologic Analysis of 100 Cases Highlighting Unusual Features.
Bennett, Jennifer A; Lamb, Colleen; Young, Robert H
Leiomyomas with apoplectic change related to progestational effect have not received much attention in the literature and in our experience frequently cause diagnostic difficulty. We reviewed 100 apoplectic leiomyomas to characterize their broad histologic spectrum. The tumors occurred over a wide age range (mean, 41 y), and although 2 patients were pregnant, in the vast majority the apoplectic changes were likely due to progestins administered to help control symptoms related to the leiomyomas. Leiomyomas were multiple in 77% of patients, averaged 6 cm, and frequently showed gross features of hemorrhage, necrosis, cyst formation, softening, or color different than the usual banal leiomyoma. Microscopic examination typically revealed multiple stellate to ovoid zones with a hypercellular periphery and central hemorrhage, necrosis, or hyalinization. The hypercellular areas were often dominated by cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and increased mitoses (up to 14/10 high-power fields), but most tumors showed no appreciable cytologic atypia in these regions. Edema was noted in 95%, a hyalinized and/or myxoid matrix in 92%, and cyst formation in 42%. Because of these unusual features, difficulty often arose in determining whether the tumors were benign, malignant, or of uncertain malignant potential. Recognition of their wide morphologic spectrum will enable classification in the benign category and avoid undue patient anxiety and potentially unnecessary aggressive management. PMID:26685083
Three cases of intraocular mesectodermal leiomyoma expressing progesterone and androgen receptors
Quhill, H; Rennie, I G; Rundle, P A; Mudhar, H S
Background/Aims A prospective study identified three patients between 2004 and 2010 with mesectodermal leiomyoma. The study was conducted to analyse the presence or absence of sex steroid hormone receptors in mesectodermal leiomyomas. Methods The clinical features were collated. All three patients had operative procedures to either remove or sample the mesectodermal leiomyomas. The tissue was fixed in formalin and exposed to conventional histological processing. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to androgen (AR), oestrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors was performed, followed by stain scoring to assess for expression status. Results All three cases were confirmed by histology to be examples of mesectodermal leiomyomas. All three expressed sex steroid hormone receptors. One case expressed both PR and AR, one case PR only and another case AR only. None of the cases expressed ER receptors. Conclusion All three cases displayed some sex steroid hormone receptor expression. This is supportive evidence that sex steroid hormones may have a role in the pathogenesis of this tumour and suggest that it may be amenable to hormonal manipulation therapy, in a manner similar to conventional uterine leiomyomas. PMID:23519275
The Impact of Uterine Leiomyomas: A National Survey of Affected Women
Borah, Bijan J.; Nicholson, Wanda K.; Bradley, Linda; Stewart, Elizabeth A.
Objectives To characterize the impact of uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) in a racially diverse sample of women in the United States. Study Design A total of 968 women (573 White, 268 African-American, 127 other races) aged 29–59 with self-reported symptomatic uterine leiomyomas participated in a national survey. We assessed diagnosis, information seeking, attitudes about fertility, impact on work, and treatment preferences. Frequencies and percentages were summarized. Chi-square test was used to compare age groups. Results Women waited an average of 3.6 years before seeking treatment for leiomyomas, and 41% saw two or more healthcare providers for diagnosis. Almost a third of employed respondents (28%) reported missing work due to leiomyoma symptoms, and 24% felt that their symptoms prevented them from reaching their career potential. Women expressed desire for treatments that do not involve invasive surgery (79%), preserve the uterus (51%), and preserve fertility (43% of women under 40). Conclusions Uterine leiomyomas cause significant morbidity. When considering treatment, women are most concerned about surgical options, especially women under 40 who want to preserve fertility. PMID:23891629
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... More Abdominal aortic aneurysm Abdominal pain Acute cholecystitis Acute kidney failure Addison disease Adenomyosis Annular pancreas Aplastic anemia Appendicitis Ascariasis Atheroembolic renal disease Biliary atresia Blind loop syndrome Cholangitis Chronic ...
Management of giant liver hemangiomas: an update.
Hoekstra, Lisette T; Bieze, Matthanja; Erdogan, Deha; Roelofs, Joris J T H; Beuers, Ulrich H W; van Gulik, Thomas M
Liver hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors and are usually incidental findings. Liver hemangiomas are readily demonstrated by abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Giant liver hemangiomas are defined by a diameter larger than 5 cm. In patients with a giant liver hemangioma, observation is justified in the absence of symptoms. Surgical resection is indicated in patients with abdominal (mechanical) complaints or complications, or when diagnosis remains inconclusive. Enucleation is the preferred surgical method, according to existing literature and our own experience. Spontaneous or traumatic rupture of a giant hepatic hemangioma is rare, however, the mortality rate is high (36-39%). An uncommon complication of a giant hemangioma is disseminated intravascular coagulation (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome); intervention is then required. Herein, the authors provide a literature update of the current evidence concerning the management of giant hepatic hemangiomas. In addition, the authors assessed treatment strategies and outcomes in a series of patients with giant liver hemangiomas managed in our department. PMID:23445235
VATS resection of an oesophageal leiomyoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen.
Schmid, R A; Schöb, O M; Klotz, H P; Vogt, P; Weder, W
A series of reports in the literature suggest an association of neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen with intestinal tumors as carcinoids, leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. We present a case of a 23-year-old man with severe cutaneous manifestation of neurofibromatosis. Dysphagia was the main symptom. CT scan suggested the diagnosis of an oesophageal leiomyoma. The oesophageal muscle layers were split and the tumor was enucleated by video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was drinking liquids from day 1 and was eating a normal diet from day 3 postoperatively. He was dismissed from the hospital on the 4th postoperative day. We conclude that in patients with neurofibromatosis and oesophageal symptoms an intestinal manifestation of the disease in the oesophagus has to be considered and that VATS resection of intramural and extrinsic oesophageal leiomyomas is the treatment of choice. PMID:9370414
Concurrent renal-cell carcinoma and cutaneous leiomyomas: A case of HLRCC.
Fondriest, Sara A; Gowdy, John M; Goyal, Manish; Sheridan, Katherine C; Wasdahl, Daniel A
A 51-year-old Caucasian female presenting with renal-cell cancer and cutaneous leiomyomas was later diagnosed with Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer (HLRCC) Syndrome. HLRCC is an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene, which encodes for an enzyme in the citric acid cycle. This syndrome has been reported in over 100 families throughout the world, the majority of whom are of Eastern European descent. Those with this syndrome have a significantly increased risk of developing renal-cell carcinoma, cutaneous leiomyomas, and uterine leiomyomas, and a smaller chance of developing uterine leiomyosarcomas. This syndrome has a relatively poor prognosis, with tumor metastasis occurring in approximately 50% of patients. However, more aggressive prophylactic measures and recent studies have shown potential to improve patient prognosis. PMID:27408652
Etiology and pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas: a review.
Flake, Gordon P; Andersen, Janet; Dixon, Darlene
Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, represent a major public health problem. It is believed that these tumors develop in the majority of American women and become symptomatic in one-third of these women. They are the most frequent indication for hysterectomy in the United States. Although the initiator or initiators of fibroids are unknown, several predisposing factors have been identified, including age (late reproductive years), African-American ethnicity, nulliparity, and obesity. Nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities have been found in about 40% of tumors examined. Estrogen and progesterone are recognized as promoters of tumor growth, and the potential role of environmental estrogens has only recently been explored. Growth factors with mitogenic activity, such as transforming growth factor- (subscript)3(/subscript), basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-I, are elevated in fibroids and may be the effectors of estrogen and progesterone promotion. These data offer clues to the etiology and pathogenesis of this common condition, which we have analyzed and summarized in this review. PMID:12826476
Conventional ultrasonography and color Doppler velocimetry of uterine leiomyomas.
Caruso, A; Caforio, L; Testa, A C; Pomini, F; Ciampelli, M; Mancuso, S
The role of uterine leiomyomas as causative factor of sterility is controversial. Submucosal myomas, in particular, can interfere with fertility and be associated to obstetric complications as abruption of placenta, post-partum metrorrhagia and puerperal sepsis. With ultrasonography, immediate and long-term information can be drawn on changes in the features of myomas. However, to-date, there are no reliable noninvasive exams to assess the nature and growth pattern of myomas. With Doppler velocimetry in ovarian malignancies a vascularization significantly different from that observed in benign tumors, is detected. It has been hypothesized that within benign tumors, as myomatous masses, tissues with different cell proliferation rates could be characterized by different vascular patterns. In a group of myomas shown to have central arterial vessels at Doppler examination, significant correlations were assessed between resistance indices of analyzed vessels and percentage of cell in the proliferative phase evaluated with cytofluorimetry. The myomatous tissue with high cell proliferation rate seems to have higher vascular resistances. PMID:10191660
Abdominal Compartment Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome.
Maluso, Patrick; Olson, Jody; Sarani, Babak
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are rare but potentially morbid diagnoses. Clinical index of suspicion for these disorders should be raised following massive resuscitation, abdominal wall reconstruction/injury, and in those with space-occupying disorders in the abdomen. Gold standard for diagnosis involves measurement of bladder pressure, with a pressure greater than 12 mm Hg being consistent with IAH and greater than 25 mm Hg being consistent with ACS. Decompressive laparotomy is definitive therapy but paracentesis can be equally therapeutic in properly selected patients. Left untreated, ACS can lead to multisystem organ failure and death. PMID:27016163
A High Concentration of Genistein Induces Cell Death in Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cells by Autophagy
Castro, Lysandra; Gao, Xioahua; Moore, Alicia B; Yu, Linda; Di, Xudong; Kissling, Grace E; Dixon, Darlene
Genistein, an estrogenic, soy-derived isoflavone, may play a protective role against hormone-related cancers. We have reported that a high concentration of genistein inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human uterine smooth muscle cells, but not in leiomyoma (fibroid) cells. To better understand the differential cell death responses of normal and tumor cells to a high concentration of genistein, we treated uterine smooth muscle cells and uterine leiomyoma cells with 50 μg/ml of genistein for 72 h and 168 h, and assessed for mediators of apoptosis, cytotoxicity and autophagy. We found that leiomyoma cells had increased protection from apoptosis by expressing an increased ratio of Bcl-2: bak at 72 h and 168 h; however, in smooth muscle cells, the Bcl-2: bak ratio was decreased at 72 h, but significantly rebounded by 168 h. The apoptosis extrinsic factors, Fas ligand and Fas receptor, were highly expressed in uterine smooth muscle cells following genistein treatment at both time points as evidenced by confocal microscopy. This was not seen in the uterine leiomyoma cells; however, cytotoxicity as indicated by elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels was significantly enhanced at 168 h. Increased immunoexpression of an autophagy/autophagosome marker was also observed in the leiomyoma cells, although minimally present in smooth muscle cells at 72 h. Ultrastructurally, there was evidence of autophagic vacuoles in the leiomyoma cells; whereas, the normal smooth muscle cells showed nuclear fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. In summary, our data show differential cell death pathways induced by genistein in tumor and normal uterine smooth muscle cells, and suggest novel cell death pathways that can be targeted for preventive and intervention strategies for inhibiting fibroid tumor cell growth in vivo. PMID:27512718
Abdominal Circulatory Interactions.
Dagar, Gaurav; Taneja, Amit; Nanchal, Rahul S
The abdominal compartment is separated from the thoracic compartment by the diaphragm. Under normal circumstances, a large portion of the venous return crosses the splanchnic and nonsplanchnic abdominal regions before entering the thorax and the right side of the heart. Mechanical ventilation may affect abdominal venous return independent of its interactions at the thoracic level. Changes in pressure in the intra-abdominal compartment may have important implications for organ function within the thorax, particularly if there is a sustained rise in intra-abdominal pressure. It is important to understand the consequences of abdominal pressure changes on respiratory and circulatory physiology. This article elucidates important abdominal-respiratory-circulatory interactions and their clinical effects. PMID:27016167
Recurrent renal giant leiomyosarcoma
Öziş, Salih Erpulat; Gülpınar, Kamil; Şahlı, Zafer; Konak, Baha Burak; Keskin, Mete; Özdemir, Süleyman; Ataoğlu, Ömür
Primary renal leiomyosarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors. They constitute 1–2% of adult malignant renal tumors. Although leiomyosarcomas are the most common histological type (50–60%) of renal sarcomas, information on renal leiomyosarcoma is limited. Local or systemic recurrences are common. The radiological appearance of renal leiomyosarcomas is not specific, therefore renal leiomyosarcoma cannot be distinguished from renal cell carcinoma by imaging methods in all patients. A 74-year-old female patient presented to our clinic complaining of a palpable mass on the right side of her abdomen in November 2012. The abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass, 25 × 24 × 23 cm in size. Her past medical history revealed that she has undergone right radical nephrectomy in 2007, due to a 11 × 12 × 13 cm renal mass that was then reported as renal cell carcinoma on abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, but the pathological diagnosis was low-grade renal leiomyosarcoma. The most recent follow-up of the patient was in 2011, with no signs of local recurrence or distant metastases within this four-year period. The patient underwent laparotomy on November 2012, and a 35 cm retroperitoneal mass was excised. The pathological examination of the mass was reported as high-grade leiomyosarcoma. The formation of this giant retroperitoneal mass in 1 year can be explained by the transformation of the lesion's pathology from low-grade to a high-grade tumor.
Simvastatin Potently Induces Calcium-dependent Apoptosis of Human Leiomyoma Cells*
Borahay, Mostafa A.; Kilic, Gokhan S.; Yallampalli, Chandrasekha; Snyder, Russell R.; Hankins, Gary D. V.; Al-Hendy, Ayman; Boehning, Darren
Statins are drugs commonly used for the treatment of high plasma cholesterol levels. Beyond these well known lipid-lowering properties, they possess broad-reaching effects in vivo, including antitumor effects. Statins inhibit the growth of multiple tumors. However, the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that simvastatin inhibits the proliferation of human leiomyoma cells. This was associated with decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and multiple changes in cell cycle progression. Simvastatin potently stimulated leiomyoma cell apoptosis in a manner mechanistically dependent upon apoptotic calcium release from voltage-gated calcium channels. Therefore, simvastatin possesses antitumor effects that are dependent upon the apoptotic calcium release machinery. PMID:25359773
Large leiomyoma in a woman with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
Rawat, Kishan S; Buxi, TBS; Yadav, Anurag; ghuman, Samarjit S; Dhawan, Shashi
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized as aplasia or hypoplasia of uterus and vagina in women with normal development of secondary sex characteristics. It affects 1 in 4000–5000 female births. Women with this syndrome present with primary amenorrhoea. MRKH syndrome may be associated with renal, skeletal, cardiac and auditory anomalies. Women with MRKH syndrome may develop leiomyoma from a rudimentary uterus, though very rare. Initial investigation in women having MRKH syndrome with leiomyoma is ultrasonography (USG). However, CT and MRI are more accurate to evaluate the pelvic anatomy and pathologies. PMID:23705045
A rare case of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome with multiple leiomyomas in hypoplastic uterus
Kulkarni, Maithili Mandar; Deshmukh, Sanjay D.; Hol, Kishor; Nene, Neha
Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare disorder described as aplasia or hypoplasia of uterus and vagina due to an early arrest in development of mullerian ducts. Women with this syndrome are characterized by the presence of 46 XX karyotype, normal female secondary sex characters, normal ovarian functions, and underdeveloped vagina. The presence of leiomyoma in MRKH syndrome is very rare, and only few cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of MRKH syndrome with multiple leiomyomas originating from the rudimentary horn of uterus in 25 years married, phenotypically female patient. PMID:26752861
A Rare Combination of Ovarian and Uterine Leiomyomas with Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Appendix
Al-Shaikh, Abdulrahman F.; Darwish, Abdulla; Nagaraj, Veena; Alsada, Abeer
We present a case of the rare combination of unilateral ovarian leiomyoma, uterine leiomyoma, and goblet cell carcinoid tumor of the appendix in a premenopausal woman who presented with right iliac pain. Immunohistochemistry study for desmin (muscle marker) and chromogranin and synaptophysin (neuroendocrine markers) confirmed immunophenotyping origin. Interestingly, both tumors showed positive reaction for estrogen receptor. To our knowledge, such a combination has not been reported previously in the literature. In this paper, the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of both types of tumors are discussed. PMID:25685587
A Proteomic Approach for the Identification of Up-Regulated Proteins Involved in the Metabolic Process of the Leiomyoma
Ura, Blendi; Scrimin, Federica; Arrigoni, Giorgio; Franchin, Cinzia; Monasta, Lorenzo; Ricci, Giuseppe
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign smooth muscle cell tumor of the uterus. Proteomics is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex mixtures of proteins. In our study, we focused on proteins that were upregulated in the leiomyoma compared to the myometrium. Paired samples of eight leiomyomas and adjacent myometrium were obtained and submitted to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry for protein identification and to Western blotting for 2-DE data validation. The comparison between the patterns revealed 24 significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) protein spots, 12 of which were found to be associated with the metabolic processes of the leiomyoma and not with the normal myometrium. The overexpression of seven proteins involved in the metabolic processes of the leiomyoma was further validated by Western blotting and 2D Western blotting. Four of these proteins have never been associated with the leiomyoma before. The 2-DE approach coupled with mass spectrometry, which is among the methods of choice for comparative proteomic studies, identified a number of proteins overexpressed in the leiomyoma and involved in several biological processes, including metabolic processes. A better understanding of the mechanism underlying the overexpression of these proteins may be important for therapeutic purposes. PMID:27070597
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Treatment Shrinks Uterine Leiomyoma Tumors in the Eker Rat Model1
Halder, Sunil K.; Sharan, Chakradhari; Al-Hendy, Ayman
ABSTRACT Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age. These tumors are three to four times more prevalent in African American women, who also have a 10 times higher incidence of hypovitaminosis D than white women. Recent studies have demonstrated the antitumor effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on several cancers, but its effects on uterine leiomyomas are still unknown. To determine the antitumor and therapeutic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on uterine leiomyomas, female Eker rats (14–16 mo old) harboring uterine leiomyomas were randomized into control and experimental groups and were given vehicle versus 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.5 μg/kg per day) subcutaneously for 3 wk, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and the leiomyoma tumors were analyzed. Treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 significantly reduced leiomyoma tumor size in Eker rats. It also reduced leiomyoma size by suppressing cell growth and proliferation-related genes (Pcna, cyclin D1 [Ccnd1], Myc, Cdk1, Cdk2, and Cdk4), antiapoptotic genes (Bcl2 and Bcl2l1 [Bcl-x]), and estrogen and progesterone receptors. Additionally, immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of PCNA and MKI67 (a marker of proliferation) and increased expression of caspase 3 in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated Eker rat leiomyomas. Toxicity analyses using serum samples showed similar levels of SGOT, SGPT, calcium, and total bilirubin in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated and vehicle-treated control Eker rats. These results support that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an antitumor agent that may be a potential safe, nonsurgical therapeutic option for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas. PMID:22302692
Surgical treatment of esophageal leiomyoma larger than 5 cm in diameter: A case report and review of the literature
Sun, Xuefei; Wang, Jiabang
Although leiomyoma is the most common benign esophageal neoplasm, it is a rare condition. Resection of the tumor is recommended in symptomatic patients, and observation is recommended in asymptomatic patients with small lesions. We discussed here a patient admitted to our hospital for dyspepsia in whom a calcified mediastinal neoplasm was diagnosised preoperatively and esophageal leiomyoma was diagnosised postoperatively. Enucleation of a leiomyoma of the esophagus is recommended and the optimal approaches should be tailored based on the location and size of the tumor. PMID:22754674
A Rare Case of Intra-Endometrial Leiomyoma of Uterus Simulating Degenerated Submucosal Leiomyoma Accompanied by a Large Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor.
Jeong, Kyungah; Lee, Sa Ra; Park, Sanghui
A 50-year-old peri-menopausal woman presented with hard palpable mass on her lower abdomen and anemia from heavy menstrual bleeding. Ultrasonography showed a 13×12 cm sized hypoechoic solid mass in pelvis and a 2.5×2 cm hypoechoic cystic mass in uterine endometrium. Abdomino-pelvic computed tomography revealed a hypodense pelvic mass without enhancement, suggesting a leiomyoma of intraligamentary type or sex cord tumor of right ovary with submucosal myoma of uterus. Laparoscopy revealed a large Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of right ovary with a very rare entity of intra-endometrial uterine leiomyoma accompanied by adenomyosis. The final diagnosis of ovarian sex-cord tumor (Sertoli-Leydig cell), stage Ia with intra-endometrial leiomyoma with adenomyosis, was made. Considering the large size of the tumor and poorly differentiated nature, 6 cycles of chemotherapy with Taxol and Carboplatin regimen were administered. There is neither evidence of major complications nor recurrence during 20 months' follow-up. PMID:26847310
A Rare Case of Intra-Endometrial Leiomyoma of Uterus Simulating Degenerated Submucosal Leiomyoma Accompanied by a Large Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor
Jeong, Kyungah; Park, Sanghui
A 50-year-old peri-menopausal woman presented with hard palpable mass on her lower abdomen and anemia from heavy menstrual bleeding. Ultrasonography showed a 13×12 cm sized hypoechoic solid mass in pelvis and a 2.5×2 cm hypoechoic cystic mass in uterine endometrium. Abdomino-pelvic computed tomography revealed a hypodense pelvic mass without enhancement, suggesting a leiomyoma of intraligamentary type or sex cord tumor of right ovary with submucosal myoma of uterus. Laparoscopy revealed a large Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of right ovary with a very rare entity of intra-endometrial uterine leiomyoma accompanied by adenomyosis. The final diagnosis of ovarian sex-cord tumor (Sertoli-Leydig cell), stage Ia with intra-endometrial leiomyoma with adenomyosis, was made. Considering the large size of the tumor and poorly differentiated nature, 6 cycles of chemotherapy with Taxol and Carboplatin regimen were administered. There is neither evidence of major complications nor recurrence during 20 months' follow-up. PMID:26847310
Multiple asymptomatic cutaneous pilar leiomyoma versus spontaneous eruptive keloids - a case report.
Morariu, Silviu Horia; Suciu, Mircea; Badea, Mihai Alexandru; Vartolomei, Mihai Dorin; Buicu, Corneliu Florin; Cotoi, Ovidiu Simion
Cutaneous piloleiomyoma, angioleiomyoma and genital leiomyoma are variants of superficial cutaneous leiomyoma. The main purpose of this paper was to present clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis criteria for an unusual case of pilar leiomyoma in an 18-year-old male patient. The initial clinical aspect was very similar to spontaneous eruptive keloids: red-violet color, painless, aspect of "crab pincers" of some of the lesions, epidermis atrophy, telangiectasia, located on acneiform zones and compliance with cephalic extremity. The patient had no history of trauma, surgery or acne. Local treatment of one lesion was performed with cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen (-172°C) together with intra-lesion steroid injections, occlusive dressings and silicone gel. Local therapy did not showed notable results, moreover the lesion become painful. Skin biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed the diagnosis of multiple cutaneous pilar leiomyoma without atypia. The particularity of the case stands in the atypical onset followed by explosive increasing of lesions number and the appearance of pathognomonic pain after local therapy. PMID:27151722
Deep Soft Tissue Leiomyoma of Forearm: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Gurram, Vijay
Leiomyomas are benign tumours of smooth-muscle origin representing 4.4% of all benign soft-tissue neoplasms. They are classified as cutaneous, vascular and leiomyomas of deep soft tissues. Leiomyomas rarely occur in extremities and are more common in the lower limb than in the upper extremity. Deep soft tissue leiomyomas are even rare with a very few reported cases so far in the literature. A 25-year-old female presented to us with an atraumatic slowly enlarging mass in the right forearm from 6 months with mild erosion of cortex of radius. She was otherwise healthy, MRI revealed a soft tissue lesion involving the interosseous space, isointense on T1, slightly hyperintense on T2 and hyperintense on STIR images. The tumour was excised intoto. The case is presented due to its rarity and the risk of tumor misdiagnosis. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any solitary painful slow growing mass of the extremities. If adequate margins are obtained recurrence of this tumour is very rare. PMID:27504364
Early growth response-2 expression in uterine leiomyoma cells: regulation and function
Yin, Ping; Navarro, Antonia; Fang, Feng; Xie, Anna; Coon V., John S.; Richardson, Carrie; Bulun, Serdar E.
Objective To investigate the regulation of Egr-2 by TGF-β3 and its functions in cultured human uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle (LSM) cells. Design Laboratory research. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Primary leiomyoma cells from patients with symptomatic leiomyomata. Intervention(s) Tissue culture followed by RNA and protein analysis. Main outcome Measure(s) Cell proliferation, alteration in ECM component expression. Result(s) In vivo mRNA levels of Egr-2 were significantly higher in leiomyoma tissues compared with matched myometrial tissues and correlated significantly with TGF-β3 mRNA levels in leiomyoma tissues. In primary LSM cells, TGF-β3 significantly induced Egr-2 gene expression in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Small interfering RNA knockdown of Egr-2 markedly increased level of the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the expression of proto-oncogene c-myc. On the other hand, ablation of Egr-2 stimulated collagen 1A1 and 3A1 transcription and inhibited dematopontin gene expression. However, the mRNA levels of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin were not affected by Egr-2 knockdown. Conclusion(s) We demonstrated that TGF-β3 regulated Egr-2 gene expression and presented evidence that Egr-2 decreases collagen production and stimulates dermatopontin gene expression. PMID:21703609
Bladder leiomyoma in male patient presenting with renal oncocytoma: Are the two conditions related?
Almouhissen, Turky; Badr, Hattan; Alessa, Noor; Nassir, Anmar
A 64-year-old male patient with a large pelvic mass and a right renal mass was referred to our facility. The patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy and pelvic mass excision. A histopathological examination led to a diagnosis of renal oncocytoma and urinary bladder leiomyoma. PMID:27453673
Deep Soft Tissue Leiomyoma of Forearm: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
Bommireddy, Babulreddy; Gurram, Vijay
Leiomyomas are benign tumours of smooth-muscle origin representing 4.4% of all benign soft-tissue neoplasms. They are classified as cutaneous, vascular and leiomyomas of deep soft tissues. Leiomyomas rarely occur in extremities and are more common in the lower limb than in the upper extremity. Deep soft tissue leiomyomas are even rare with a very few reported cases so far in the literature. A 25-year-old female presented to us with an atraumatic slowly enlarging mass in the right forearm from 6 months with mild erosion of cortex of radius. She was otherwise healthy, MRI revealed a soft tissue lesion involving the interosseous space, isointense on T1, slightly hyperintense on T2 and hyperintense on STIR images. The tumour was excised intoto. The case is presented due to its rarity and the risk of tumor misdiagnosis. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any solitary painful slow growing mass of the extremities. If adequate margins are obtained recurrence of this tumour is very rare. PMID:27504364
... tumors, including cancer Infections or injury Kidney stones Appendicitis ... also be due to: Abdominal aortic aneurysm Abscesses Appendicitis Bowel wall thickening Retroperitoneal fibrosis Renal artery stenosis ...
High-Resolution Melting Analysis of MED12 Mutations in Uterine Leiomyomas in Chinese Patients
Wang, Hua; Qian, Hua; Zhou, Ruifang; Jiang, Jun; Ye, Lihua
Objectives: Somatic mutations in mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) have emerged as a critical genetic change in the development of uterine leiomyomas. Studies, however, have focused largely on cohorts consisting of Caucasian patients. In this study, uterine leiomyomas from Chinese patients were examined for MED12 mutations. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) was compared with direct sequencing as a potentially more sensitive method for the detection of MED12 mutations. Methods: Tissue samples with the pathologies of uterine leiomyoma (n=181) and other endometrial diseases (n=157) were collected from Chinese patients at the Taizhou People's Hospital and Taizhou Polytechnic College (Taizhou City, China). Genomic DNA was prepared from all samples. Both PCR-based HRMA and PCR-based direct sequencing were used to detect MED12 mutations. Results: PCR-based HRMA and direct sequencing revealed MED12 mutations in 95/181 (52.5%) and 93/181 (51.4%) uterine leiomyomas, respectively. Nearly half of these mutations (46/93) were found in a single codon, codon 131. The coincidence rate between the two methods was 98.9% (179/181) so that no statistically significant difference was evident in the application of the methodologies (χ2=0.011, p=0.916). In addition, MED12 mutations were identified in 1/157 (4.17%) case of other endometrial pathologies by both methods. Conclusions: MED12 mutations were closely associated with the development of uterine leiomyomas, as opposed to other uterine pathologies in Chinese patients, and PCR-based HRMA was found to be a reliable method for the detection of MED12 mutations. PMID:25615570
Keisler, Brian; Carter, Chuck
Abdominal aortic aneurysm refers to abdominal aortic dilation of 3.0 cm or greater. The main risk factors are age older than 65 years, male sex, and smoking history. Other risk factors include a family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm, coronary artery disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and previous myocardial infarction. Diagnosis may be made by physical examination, an incidental finding on imaging, or ultrasonography. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released updated recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening in 2014. Men 65 to 75 years of age with a history of smoking should undergo one-time screening with ultrasonography based on evidence that screening will improve abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality in this population. Men in this age group without a history of smoking may benefit if they have other risk factors (e.g., family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm, other vascular aneurysms, coronary artery disease). There is inconclusive evidence to recommend screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm in women 65 to 75 years of age with a smoking history. Women without a smoking history should not undergo screening because the harms likely outweigh the benefits. Persons who have a stable abdominal aortic aneurysm should undergo regular surveillance or operative intervention depending on aneurysm size. Surgical intervention by open or endovascular repair is the primary option and is typically reserved for aneurysms 5.5 cm in diameter or greater. There are limited options for medical treatment beyond risk factor modification. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is a medical emergency presenting with hypotension, shooting abdominal or back pain, and a pulsatile abdominal mass. It is associated with high prehospitalization mortality. Emergent surgical intervention is indicated for a rupture but has a high operative mortality rate. PMID:25884861
[Abdominal pregnancy, institutional experience].
Bonfante Ramírez, E; Bolaños Ancona, R; Simón Pereyra, L; Juárez García, L; García-Benitez, C Q
Abdominal pregnancy is a rare entity, which has been classified as primary or secondary by Studiford criteria. A retrospective study, between January 1989 and December 1994, realized at Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, found 35,080 pregnancies, from which 149 happened to be ectopic, and 6 of them were abdominal. All patients belonged to a low income society class, age between 24 and 35 years, and average of gestations in 2.6. Gestational age varied from 15 weeks to 32.2 weeks having only one delivery at term with satisfactory postnatal evolution. One patient had a recurrent abdominal pregnancy, with genital Tb as a conditional factor. Time of hospitalization varied from 4 to 5 days, and no further patient complications were reported. Fetal loss was estimated in 83.4%. Abdominal pregnancy is often the sequence of a tubarian ectopic pregnancy an when present, it has a very high maternal mortality reported in world literature, not found in this study. The stated frequency of abdominal pregnancy is from 1 of each 3372, up to 1 in every 10,200 deliveries, reporting in the study 1 abdominal pregnancy in 5846 deliveries. The study had two characteristic entities one, the recurrence and two, the delivery at term of one newborn. Abdominal pregnancy accounts for 4% of all ectopic pregnancies. Clinical findings in abdominal pregnancies are pain, transvaginal bleeding and amenorrea, being the cardinal signs of ectopic pregnancy. PMID:9737070
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Banez, Gerard A.; Gallagher, Heather M.
The purpose of this article is to provide an empirically informed but clinically oriented overview of behavioral treatment of recurrent abdominal pain. The epidemiology and scope of recurrent abdominal pain are presented. Referral process and procedures are discussed, and standardized approaches to assessment are summarized. Treatment protocols…
A rare symplastic or bizarre leiomyoma of the scrotum: a case report and review of the literature
Masood, Junaid; Voulgaris, Stelios; Atkinson, Peter; Carr, Tom W
Background We present a case of a symplastic or "bizarre" leiomyoma of the scrotum. Isolated cases of leiomyomas have been reported arising from the renal pelvis, bladder, spermatic cord, epididymis, prostate as well as the glans penis. However such mesenchymal lesions of the scrotum are very rare. Case presentation Macroscopically the tumour was a well-circumscribed grey-white lesion 8.5 cm in size. Because of its peculiar histological characteristics this tumour was assigned as a symplastic or bizarre leiomyoma of the scrotum. Conclusion We present this unusual tumour and highlight some important diagnostic and treatment pitfalls related to this rare tumour. This case demonstrates that leiomyomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal tumours. PMID:19068127
... Diversity Find People About NINDS NINDS Giant Axonal Neuropathy Information Page Table of Contents (click to jump ... done? Clinical Trials Organizations What is Giant Axonal Neuropathy? Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a rare inherited ...
Giant Leiomyosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder
Ribeiro, José G.A.; Klojda, Carlos A.B.; Araújo, Claudio P. De; Pires, Lucas A.S.
The bladder leiomyosarcoma is a rare and agressive mesenchymal tumour, and adult women of reproductive age have a higher incidence of developing the bladder leiomyosarcoma. The pathophysiology of the disease is not certain, and its main symptoms are hematuria, dysuria and abdominal pain. There are not a considerable amount of cases described in the literature. We report a case of a giant leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 31-year-old woman. PMID:27437302
Krüppel-like transcription factor 11 integrates progesterone receptor signaling and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells
Yin, Ping; Lin, Zhihong; Reierstad, Scott; Wu, Ju; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Marsh, Erica E; Innes, Joy; Cheng, Youhong; Pearson, Kerry; Coon, John Sayler; Kim, Julie; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Bulun, Serdar E
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of the female genital tract and the leading cause of hysterectomy. While progesterone stimulates proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells, the mechanism of progesterone action is not well understood. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-cloning approach to identify progesterone receptor (PR) target genes in primary uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. We identified 18 novel PR-binding sites, one of which was located 20.5-kb upstream of the transcriptional start site of the Krüppel -like transcription factor 11 (KLF11) gene. KLF11 mRNA levels were minimally down-regulated by progesterone but robustly up-regulated by the progesterone antagonist RU486. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated significant baseline and RU486-inducible promoter activity in the KLF11 basal promoter or distal PR-binding region, both of which contained multiple Sp1-binding sequences but lacked classic progesterone response elements. RU486 stimulated recruitment of Sp1, RNA polymerase II, PR, and the coactivators SRC-1 and SRC-2 to the distal region and basal promoter. siRNA knockdown of PR increased KLF11 expression, while knockdown of KLF11 increased leiomyoma cell proliferation and abolished the anti-proliferative effect of RU486. In vivo, KLF11 expression was significantly lower in leiomyoma tissues compared with adjacent myometrial tissues. Taken together, using a ChIP-cloning approach, we uncovered KLF11 as an integrator of PR signaling and proliferation in uterine leiomyoma cells. PMID:20124487
Rare Leiomyoma of the Tunica Dartos: A Case Report with Clinical Relevance for Malignant Transformation and HLRCC
Bell, Robert C.; Austin, Evan T.; Arnold, Stacy J.; Walker, Jonathan R.; Larsen, Brandon T.
Background. Genital leiomyomas fall under the broader category of cutaneous leiomyomas, which are rare smooth muscle neoplasms accounting for 5% of all leiomyomas. Genital leiomyomas arising from the dartos muscle are exceedingly rare with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. They are typically benign and adequately treated with simple surgical excision; however, previously reported cases of malignant transformation and a possible link to the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome warrant closer follow-up. Case Presentation. We report a case of a 47-year-old male refugee from Rwanda found to have a mobile, pea-sized, mildly painful scrotal lesion near the left penoscrotal junction and 1.5 cm indeterminate vascular mass in the right kidney. Surgical excision of the scrotal nodule was performed and the diagnosis of a dartoic leiomyoma was rendered. The presence of moderate nuclear atypia, rare mitotic activity, and close surgical margins prompted a wide reexcision. We report the surgical approach, pathologic findings, and clinical follow-up related to this scrotal lesion. Conclusion. Scrotal leiomyomas demonstrate a high rate of recurrence and pose a risk for malignant transformation. They may also indicate an underlying autosomal dominant syndrome associated with increased risk for development of an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma. When discovered, management should include surgical excision, screening for syndromic features, and routine follow-up. PMID:27529047
Rare Leiomyoma of the Tunica Dartos: A Case Report with Clinical Relevance for Malignant Transformation and HLRCC.
Bell, Robert C; Austin, Evan T; Arnold, Stacy J; Lin, Frank C; Walker, Jonathan R; Larsen, Brandon T
Background. Genital leiomyomas fall under the broader category of cutaneous leiomyomas, which are rare smooth muscle neoplasms accounting for 5% of all leiomyomas. Genital leiomyomas arising from the dartos muscle are exceedingly rare with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. They are typically benign and adequately treated with simple surgical excision; however, previously reported cases of malignant transformation and a possible link to the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome warrant closer follow-up. Case Presentation. We report a case of a 47-year-old male refugee from Rwanda found to have a mobile, pea-sized, mildly painful scrotal lesion near the left penoscrotal junction and 1.5 cm indeterminate vascular mass in the right kidney. Surgical excision of the scrotal nodule was performed and the diagnosis of a dartoic leiomyoma was rendered. The presence of moderate nuclear atypia, rare mitotic activity, and close surgical margins prompted a wide reexcision. We report the surgical approach, pathologic findings, and clinical follow-up related to this scrotal lesion. Conclusion. Scrotal leiomyomas demonstrate a high rate of recurrence and pose a risk for malignant transformation. They may also indicate an underlying autosomal dominant syndrome associated with increased risk for development of an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma. When discovered, management should include surgical excision, screening for syndromic features, and routine follow-up. PMID:27529047
Cystic Endometriosis in a Huge Degenerated Subserous Leiomyoma Mimicking Bilateral Multicystic Endometriomas in an Infertile Woman with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Rare Endometriotic Implantation
Colak, Sabri; Reis, Abdulkadir
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common pelvic tumor in women. Leiomyoma can show atypical locations and degenerations and may not be easily differentiated from adnexal masses. Uterine leiomyoma can undergo cystic degeneration and is said to be found in 4% of all types of degenerations. The commonest type of degeneration is hyaline seen in 60% of patients. Usually uterine leiomyoma does not present as clinical and radiological diagnostic challenge. However, when leiomyoma undergoes massive cystic degeneration they may become clinical and radiological diagnostic dilemmas. The MRI showed a huge cystic mass protruding up to the pelvis not differentiated from bilateral endometriomas and accompanying subserous myomas. Surgery revealed that the mass is not bilateral endometriomas but a huge pedunculated leiomyoma with cystic degeneration and cystic endometriosis. Endometriosis is a troubling gynecologic condition occurring in 10% to 15% of women of reproductive age and is associated with fertility problems. As a peritoneal disease, the locations of endometriotic lesions are predominantly the ovaries (96.4%), followed by the soft tissue (2.8%), gastrointestinal tract (0.3%), and urinary tract (0.2%) and other rare locations. The presented case is multiple sized cystic endometriosis (endometriomas) located in a huge pedunculated subserous leiomyoma in an infertile woman having a history of laparoscopic bilateral endometrioma surgery. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case for endometriotic cysts (endometriomas) located in a huge cystic degenerated leiomyoma. PubMed search revealed no report concerning endometriotic implantation in the leiomyomas. PMID:27057369
Abdominal ultrasound is a scanning technique used to image the interior of the abdomen. Like the X- ... use high frequency sound waves to produce an image and do not expose the individual to radiation. ...
Abdominal ultrasound is a scanning technique used to image the interior of the abdomen. Like the X-ray, MRI, ... it has its place as a diagnostic tool. Ultrasound scans use high frequency sound waves to produce ...
Abdominal exploration - series (image)
... surgical exploration of the abdomen, also called an exploratory laparotomy, may be recommended when there is abdominal ... blunt trauma"). Diseases that may be discovered by exploratory laparotomy include: inflammation of the appendix (acute appendicitis) ...
... main blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs. An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs ... dissection). Symptoms of rupture include: Pain in the abdomen or back. The pain may be severe, sudden, ...
An abdominal x-ray is an imaging test to look at organs and structures in the abdomen. Organs include the spleen, stomach, and intestines. When the test is done to look at the bladder and kidney structures, ...
Setacci, Francesco; Galzerano, Giuseppe; De Donato, Gianmarco; Benevento, Domenico; Guerrieri, Massimiliano W; Ruzzi, Umberto; Borrelli, Maria P; Setacci, Carlo
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms has become a milestone in the treatment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Technological improvement allows treatment in more and more complex cases. This review summarizes all grafts available on the market. A complete review of most important trial on this topic is provided to the best of our knowledge, and technical tips and tricks for standard cases are also included. PMID:26771730
[Giant haemangioma of the liver: diagnosis and treatment].
Hoekstra, Lisette T; Bieze, Matthanja; Erdogan, Deha; Roelofs, Joris J T H; Beuers, Ulrich H W; van Gulik, Thomas M
A liver haemangioma is a benign, usually small tumour comprised of blood vessels, which is often discovered coincidentally; giant haemangiomas are defined as haemangiomas larger than 5 cm. The differential diagnosis includes other hypervascular tumours, such as hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis of a neuro-endocrine tumour or renal cell carcinoma.- The diagnosis is based on abdominal ultrasonography and can be confirmed by a CT or MR scan. A wait-and-see approach is justified in patients without symptoms or with minimal symptoms, even in the presence of a giant haemangioma. Surgical resection of a giant haemangioma is only necessary when the preoperative diagnosis is inconclusive, or when the haemangioma leads to mechanical symptoms or complications. Extirpation is the only effective form of treatment of the giant haemangioma; enucleation is preferred over partial liver resection. A known complication of a giant haemangioma is the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, the Kasabach-Merritt syndrome; intervention is then demanded. PMID:22853763
Technetium-99m labeled RBC imaging in gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric leiomyoma
Joseph, U.A.; Jhingran, S.G.
Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging is becoming increasingly useful in detecting gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding sites. A patient is presented who had massive GI bleeding from an unsuspected gastric leiomyoma in whom a Tc-99m sulfur colloid GI bleed image was negative. The Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging done on the day after sulfur colloid imaging revealed increased gastric activity due to active bleeding from an intragastric leiomyoma. Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging helped in early detection of the bleeding site resulting in its successful treatment. This experience also reinforces the assertion that Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging may be more helpful than Tc-99m sulfur colloid imaging in patients with upper GI or intermittent bleeding.
Reed's Syndrome: A Case of Multiple Cutaneous Leiomyomas Treated with Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy.
Basendwh, Mohammad A; Fatani, Mohammad; Baltow, Badee
Reed's syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Affected individuals are at increased risk of developing benign smooth muscle tumors in the skin and uterus. In this article, we report a case of a 52-year-old female who presented to our dermatology clinic complaining of painful skin lesions on her right arm, left forearm and trunk. The patient had a past medical history of uterine leiomyomatosis for which she underwent hysterectomy 17 years ago. The patient's family history revealed that her mother, 2 sisters and 2 maternal aunts also had uterine leiomyomas. The diagnosis of Reed's syndrome was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the patient's dermal lesion in conjunction with her surgical and family histories. Five years after the initial presentation, the patient underwent treatment with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for the dermal leiomyomas. After the treatment, marked improvement was noticed with regard to the pain and size of the skin lesions. PMID:27064320
Leiomyoma of uterus in a patient with ring chromosome 12: Case presentation and literature review
Hajianpour, M.J.; Habibian, R.; Hajianpour, A.K.
We report on a 30-year-old woman with de novo ring chromosome 12 mosaicism, 46,XX,r(12)(p13.3q24.3)/46,XX. In addition to the clinical manifestations generally observed in {open_quotes}ring syndrome{close_quotes} cases such as growth retardation, short stature, microcephaly, and mental deficiency, she had a broad nasal bridge, micrognathia with overbite, underdeveloped breasts, mild dorsal scoliosis, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers with a single interdigital crease, symphalangism of thumbs, tapering fingers, mild cutaneous syndactyly between the second and third toes, multiple cafe-au-lait spots, sebaceous acne on the face and back, and mild dystrophic toenails. She developed a large, pedunculated uterine leiomyoma at age 28 years. To our knowledge, uterine leiomyoma in association with r(12) has not been reported previously. However, a gain of chromosome 12 and translocations involving 12q14-15 have been described. 12 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Recent scientific advances in leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) research facilitates better understanding and management.
Taylor, Darlene K; Holthouser, Kristine; Segars, James H; Leppert, Phyllis C
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most prevalent medical problem of the female reproductive tract, but there are few non-surgical treatment options. Although many advances in the understanding of the molecular components of these tumors have occurred over the past five years, an effective pharmaceutical approach remains elusive. Further, there is currently no clinical method to distinguish a benign uterine leiomyoma from a malignant leiomyosarcoma prior to treatment, a pressing need given concerns about the use of the power morcellator for minimally invasive surgery. This paper reviews current studies regarding the molecular biology of uterine fibroids, discusses non-surgical approaches and suggests new cutting-edge therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. PMID:26236472
Recent scientific advances in leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) research facilitates better understanding and management
Taylor, Darlene K.; Holthouser, Kristine; Segars, James H.; Leppert, Phyllis C.
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are the most prevalent medical problem of the female reproductive tract, but there are few non-surgical treatment options. Although many advances in the understanding of the molecular components of these tumors have occurred over the past five years, an effective pharmaceutical approach remains elusive. Further, there is currently no clinical method to distinguish a benign uterine leiomyoma from a malignant leiomyosarcoma prior to treatment, a pressing need given concerns about the use of the power morcellator for minimally invasive surgery. This paper reviews current studies regarding the molecular biology of uterine fibroids, discusses non-surgical approaches and suggests new cutting-edge therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. PMID:26236472
Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma as a possible cause of chronic lower back pain
Onu, David O; Fiorentino, Lisa M; Bunting, Michael W
Uterine fibroids having the distinct pathological and immunohistochemical features of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma have been reported infrequently. We describe a postmenopausal woman with an incidental finding of an abdominopelvic mass arising from the uterine fundus on routine radiological imaging of the lumbar spine. The imaging was performed for the investigation of chronic radicular lower back pain refractory to usual pain management. However, the woman did not manifest any gynaecological symptoms. Intraoperatively, the pelvic mass appeared malignant and a frozen section suggested uterine sarcoma. As such, the mass was radically resected, resulting in significant resolution of the back pain. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma presenting solely as chronic lower back pain, and also the first report of this fibroid variant in Australasia. We discuss the diagnostic and operative challenges, emphasising the role of radiological imaging and immunohistopathology in such cases and review current literature. PMID:24121815
Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma as a possible cause of chronic lower back pain.
Onu, David O; Fiorentino, Lisa M; Bunting, Michael W
Uterine fibroids having the distinct pathological and immunohistochemical features of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma have been reported infrequently. We describe a postmenopausal woman with an incidental finding of an abdominopelvic mass arising from the uterine fundus on routine radiological imaging of the lumbar spine. The imaging was performed for the investigation of chronic radicular lower back pain refractory to usual pain management. However, the woman did not manifest any gynaecological symptoms. Intraoperatively, the pelvic mass appeared malignant and a frozen section suggested uterine sarcoma. As such, the mass was radically resected, resulting in significant resolution of the back pain. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma presenting solely as chronic lower back pain, and also the first report of this fibroid variant in Australasia. We discuss the diagnostic and operative challenges, emphasising the role of radiological imaging and immunohistopathology in such cases and review current literature. PMID:24121815
Reed's Syndrome: A Case of Multiple Cutaneous Leiomyomas Treated with Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy
Basendwh, Mohammad A.; Fatani, Mohammad; Baltow, Badee
Reed's syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Affected individuals are at increased risk of developing benign smooth muscle tumors in the skin and uterus. In this article, we report a case of a 52-year-old female who presented to our dermatology clinic complaining of painful skin lesions on her right arm, left forearm and trunk. The patient had a past medical history of uterine leiomyomatosis for which she underwent hysterectomy 17 years ago. The patient's family history revealed that her mother, 2 sisters and 2 maternal aunts also had uterine leiomyomas. The diagnosis of Reed's syndrome was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the patient's dermal lesion in conjunction with her surgical and family histories. Five years after the initial presentation, the patient underwent treatment with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for the dermal leiomyomas. After the treatment, marked improvement was noticed with regard to the pain and size of the skin lesions. PMID:27064320
Multilayered Flap Technique: A Method for Delayed Closure of Giant Omphalocele.
Kruit, Anne Sophie; Al-Ani, Sami A; Jester, Ingo; Jester, Andrea
Giant omphalocele is a rare, large abdominal wall defect in which the intra-abdominal organs herniate through the umbilical cord and are covered by a sac. Surgical management of giant omphalocele is challenging, and optimal treatment remains controversial. Two generally accepted treatment options are staged closure and delayed closure. Delayed closure takes place after a period of conservative treatment promoting omphalocele sac epithelialization. We present 3 patients treated by a delayed closure technique for ventral hernia repair. In this technique, the epithelialized omphalocele sac and peritoneum are elevated as flaps, which are used to reconstruct the abdominal wall in multiple layers. PMID:26207550
Dermatitis herpetiformis and leiomyomas with HLA-B8, a marker of immune diseases.
Grenier, R.; Rostas, A.; Wilkinson, R. D.
Multiple cutaneous leiomyomas and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were found in the same patient. This association has not been previously described, although the association of malignant tumours and DH is well known. HLA-B8 was found in this patient as well as in an older brother with polymyositis; this antigen is known to be associated with other immune diseases. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 PMID:991036
Treatment decision based on the biological behavior of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma
Borda, Bernadett; Lazar, Gyorgy; Tiszlavicz, Laszlo; Furak, Jozsef
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease in women undergoing surgery for uterine leiomyoma. About 100 cases have been reported in the literature, none of which describe the biological behavior of lesions. The authors present the case of a 36-year-old, asymptomatic woman who had undergone uterus extirpation seven years earlier for leiomyoma of the uterus. Routine chest radiography revealed multiple nodules in both lungs. Biopsy verified metastases from the original uterine leiomyoma. During a 41-month interval, 87 lesions were removed in seven operations, through mini-thoracotomy [four left-sided (42 lesions); and three right-sided (45 lesions)] by cautery resection and suturing of the parenchyma (n=83), or by wedge resection (n=4). In between the procedures, the patient received continuous oncological treatment (VIP protocol: etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin). Mean hospital stay was 5.14 days. Respiratory function tests performed after the last surgery showed near-normal results (FVC: 77%, FEV1: 64%, FEV1/FVC: 0.83). Over time, a decrease in number of newly developed BML nodules was observed. Mean surgical sensitivity [rate of lesions appearing on computerized tomography (CT) and removed during each surgery] of the seven metastasectomies was 95% (range: 40–150%). Pathological examination of the nodules proved that, despite continuous oncological treatment, there were no signs of necrosis, thrombosis, or fibrosis. The number of mitoses within the nodules did not change. According to our surgical results and the fact that oncological treatment did not have a significant effect on the course of the disease, we conclude that in the management of multiple BML lesions, surgically removing as many lesions as possible is advised.
Treatment decision based on the biological behavior of pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma.
Ottlakan, Aurel; Borda, Bernadett; Lazar, Gyorgy; Tiszlavicz, Laszlo; Furak, Jozsef
Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease in women undergoing surgery for uterine leiomyoma. About 100 cases have been reported in the literature, none of which describe the biological behavior of lesions. The authors present the case of a 36-year-old, asymptomatic woman who had undergone uterus extirpation seven years earlier for leiomyoma of the uterus. Routine chest radiography revealed multiple nodules in both lungs. Biopsy verified metastases from the original uterine leiomyoma. During a 41-month interval, 87 lesions were removed in seven operations, through mini-thoracotomy [four left-sided (42 lesions); and three right-sided (45 lesions)] by cautery resection and suturing of the parenchyma (n=83), or by wedge resection (n=4). In between the procedures, the patient received continuous oncological treatment (VIP protocol: etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin). Mean hospital stay was 5.14 days. Respiratory function tests performed after the last surgery showed near-normal results (FVC: 77%, FEV1: 64%, FEV1/FVC: 0.83). Over time, a decrease in number of newly developed BML nodules was observed. Mean surgical sensitivity [rate of lesions appearing on computerized tomography (CT) and removed during each surgery] of the seven metastasectomies was 95% (range: 40-150%). Pathological examination of the nodules proved that, despite continuous oncological treatment, there were no signs of necrosis, thrombosis, or fibrosis. The number of mitoses within the nodules did not change. According to our surgical results and the fact that oncological treatment did not have a significant effect on the course of the disease, we conclude that in the management of multiple BML lesions, surgically removing as many lesions as possible is advised. PMID:27621897
Differences in miRNA expression profiles between GIST and leiomyoma in human samples acquired by submucosal tunneling biopsy
Fujita, Koji; Kobara, Hideki; Mori, Hirohito; Fujihara, Shintaro; Chiyo, Taiga; Matsunaga, Tae; Nishiyama, Noriko; Ayaki, Maki; Yachida, Tatsuo; Morishita, Asahiro; Fujiwara, Masao; Okano, Keiichi; Suzuki, Yasuyuki; Iwama, Hisakazu; Masaki, Tsutomu
Background and study aims: Small gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) rarely have malignant potential with poor prognosis. Using conventional imaging to differentiate between small GISTs and leiomyoma, which often have similar characteristics, is difficult but essential in daily practice. Although some studies have reported on the utility of serum c-kit as a biomarker for non-small GIST and specific miRNA, clinical aspects of such testing are controversial. The aim of this study was to identify differences between small GIST and leiomyoma through the investigation of miRNA expression patterns in human cases. Patients and methods: MiRNA expression was examined in nine GIST (less than low risk, mean 18 mm in size) samples and seven leiomyoma samples acquired by a novel sampling method, submucosal tunneling biopsy (STB), which produces tumor specimens of submucosal tumor (SMT) without contamination of sufficient size to be examined under direct vision. Total RNA was extracted from these tissues and analyzed for miRNA expression patterns by microarray. Subsequently, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to confirm specific miRNA overexpression, comparing GISTs with leiomyomas. Results: Microarray analysis revealed upregulation of the miR-140 family up to 20 times higher in GISTs than in leiomyomas. Real-time qPCR revealed that the expression level of miR-140-5 p in GISTs was 27.86 times higher than in leiomyomas; miR-140-3 p was 12.24 times higher as well. Conclusions: The STB method provided suitable SMT samples for miRNA analysis. MiR-140 family members may serve as specific biomarkers to distinguish GIST from leiomyoma. PMID:26716134
Acute pulmonary embolism caused by enlarged uterine leiomyoma: A rare presentation
Khademvatani, Kamal; Rezaei, Yousef; Kerachian, Abdollah; Seyyed-Mohammadzad, Mir Hossein; Eskandari, Ramin; Rostamzadeh, Alireza
Patient: Female, 42 Final Diagnosis: Acute pulmonary embolism Symptoms: Chest pain • dyspnea Medication: Streptokinase • Warfarin Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology and Neoplasm Objective: Management of emergency care Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism (PE) caused by pelvic vein compression are rare and life-threatening complications of leiomyoma of the uterus. Case Report: We report a 42-year-old virgin woman with a history of leiomyoma who presented to the emergency department with complaints of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain with transient spotting. On physical examination, she had a non-tender abdomen with a 20-week size uterus. Imaging investigations revealed an acute DVT in her left leg and a huge uterine-derived mass compressing the common iliac veins. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated an echogenic mass in her right pulmonary artery consistent with thrombosis. The patient was completely cured using thrombolytic therapy and myomectomy, and was well at 1 year after thrombolysis. Conclusions: PE caused by pelvic vein compression is a rare complication of leiomyoma, which should be considered. Thrombolytic therapy associated with myomectomy can be implemented for treating such cases, and TEE can be used for diagnosing suspected high-risk PE. PMID:25061497
Histopathological and Digital Morphometrical Evaluation of Uterine Leiomyoma in Brazilian Women
da Silva, Ana Paula Fernandes; Mello, Luciano de Albuquerque; dos Santos, Erlene Roberta Ribeiro; Paz, Silvania Tavares; Cavalcanti, Carmelita Lima Bezerra; de Melo-Junior, Mario Ribeiro
The current study aims to evaluate histopathological and digital morphometrical aspects associated with uterine leiomyomas in one hundred and fifty (150) patients diagnosed with leiomyoma. Uterine tissues were subjected to the histopathological and digital morphometric analyses of the interstitial collagen distribution. The analysis of medical records indicates that most of the women diagnosed with uterine leiomyomas (68.7%) are between 37 and 48 years old. As for the anatomic location of the tumors, approximately 61.4% of the patients had intramural and subserosal lesions. In 50% of the studied cases, the patients developed uterine leiomyomatosis (with more than eight tumors). As for the morphometric study, the average size of the interstitial collagen distribution held approximately 28.53% of the capture area, whereas it was of 7.43% in the normal tissue adjacent to the tumor. Another important aspect observed in the current study was the high rate of young women subjected to total hysterectomy, a fact that resulted in early and definitive sterility. PMID:27293441
SMARCB1 involvement in the development of leiomyoma in a patient with schwannomatosis.
Hulsebos, Theo J M; Kenter, Susan; Siebers-Renelt, Ulrike; Hans, Volkmar; Wesseling, Pieter; Flucke, Uta
Germline SMARCB1 mutations predispose in schwannomatosis patients to the development of multiple benign schwannomas and, in some cases, meningiomas. Here, we report on a 34-year-old female patient who developed multiple schwannomas at various locations and in addition a leiomyoma of the cervix uteri. She carried a c.362+1G>A mutation that inactivates the donor splice site of exon 3. This mutation caused the schwannomatosis phenotype in this patient and was also demonstrated to be present in her affected mother. The leiomyoma displayed the genetic features that are characteristic for germline SMARCB1 mutation-associated tumors. The mutant allele retained in the tumor, whereas the wild-type allele was lost by loss of heterozygosity. Furthermore, the loss of heterozygosity involved net loss of chromosome 22. An NF2 mutation was not found. However, quantitative polymerase chain reaction suggested that both NF2 copies were lost in the tumor. Immunostaining with a SMARCB1 antibody revealed the mosaic expression pattern that is typical for schwannomatosis-associated tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of leiomyoma associated with a germline SMARCB1 mutation. As such, it widens the spectrum of benign tumors associated with a germline SMARCB1 mutation. PMID:24525513
Effects of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomic myomectomy on uterine leiomyoma: a meta-analysis.
Shen, Qi; Chen, Miaomiao; Wang, Ying; Zhou, Qingfeng; Tao, Xuejiao; Zhang, Wenwen; Zhu, Xueqiong
A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomic myomectomy on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausal women. We performed a computerized search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 1996 to 2104. From 711 studies, a total of 4 studies met our inclusion criteria, and a meta-analytic technique was used to study the 4 randomized controlled trials involving 577 women with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. Compared with the minilaparotomic myomectomy group, the laparoscopic myomectomy group showed a significantly less hemoglobin drop and blood loss, lower postoperative analgesic use, shorter duration of postoperative ileus, shorter hospitalization days and recovery time, and higher levels in the pregnancy rate per cycle and the live birth rate per cycle. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the operating time, complications, laparotomic conversion rate, cumulative pregnancy rate, cumulative live birth rate, and abortion rates. When performed by experienced surgeons in selected patients (e.g., symptomatic leiomyoma women who have the indications for surgery), laparoscopic myomectomy is a better choice than minilaparotomic myomectomy. PMID:25265886
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations of Uterine Leiomyoma
Catherino, William H.; Eltoukhi, Heba M.; Al-Hendy, Ayman
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign gynecologic condition. The prevalence is three times more common among women of African ethnicity. Disparity in this disease is evidenced by earlier age of onset, greater severity of symptoms, and different response to treatment. Although the pathogenesis of disease development is not completely known, growing evidence focuses on investigating the molecular mechanisms in disease development and the influence of ethnicity. Variation in the expression levels or function of estrogen and progesterone receptors, polymorphism of genes involved in estrogen synthesis and/or metabolism (COMT, CYP17), retinoic acid nuclear receptors (retinoid acid receptor-α, retinoid X receptor-α), and aberrant expression of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are some of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved. Nutritional factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, might also contribute to the higher incidence in dark skinned populations who are also commonly suffer from hypovitaminosis D. Culture and environmental difference might have a role in disease development. Further analysis and better understanding of these mechanisms will provide insight into the molecular basis of racial disparities in leiomyoma formation and will help to develop new innovations in leiomyoma treatment. PMID:23934698
Leiomyoma cutis: a focused review on presentation, management, and association with malignancy.
Malik, Kunal; Patel, Parth; Chen, Jin; Khachemoune, Amor
Cutaneous leiomyomas (CLs) are rare, sporadic, or inherited tumors of smooth muscle origin associated with various disorders. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is the primary tumor predisposition syndrome associated with inherited CLs, affecting 180 families worldwide, with significant mortality. CLs are subdivided into piloleiomyomas, genital leiomyomas, and angioleiomyomas based on their smooth muscle of origin, as well as their clinicopathologic features. Piloleiomyomas, derived from arrector pili muscle, are solitary or multiple firm papulonodules located typically on the extremities and trunk; genital leiomyomas, derived from dartoic, vulvar, or mammary smooth muscle, are solitary papulonodules or pedunculated papules located on the scrotum, vulva, or nipple; and angioleiomyomas, which include solid, cavernous, or venous subtypes, are derived from the tunica media of small arteries and veins and typically present on the extremities. Partial/excisional biopsy is required for diagnosing all CLs. Histology shows interlacing fascicles of spindle cells with moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm and a blunt-ended, elongated nucleus with perinuclear halos. Surgical excision is curative for CLs, with other management options including medical or destructive therapy; active surveillance is advised to monitor HLRCC-associated neoplasms, with pharmacological therapies under active research. PMID:25605645
Novel missense mutation in the FH gene in familial renal cell cancer patients lacking cutaneous leiomyomas
Background Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare tumor predisposition syndrome characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and papillary type 2 renal cell cancer. Germline mutation of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene is known to be associated with HLRCC. Case presentation We describe a 64-year-old father and his 39-year-old son with HLRCC who developed papillary type 2 RCCs lacking cutaneous leiomyomas at any site. A common missense mutation in the FH gene, (c.1021G > A, p.D341N) in exon 7, was detected in the 2 cases. Functional prediction with the bioinformatics programs, SIFT and Polyphen-2, reported "damaging (SIFT score 0.00)" and "probably damaging (PSIC score 1.621)" values, respectively. In 162 healthy individuals, there were no cases of a G transition to any base. Finally, (c.1021G > A) in exon 7, was identified as a point mutation. Conclusion We report a family with HLRCC in which a novel missense mutation was detected. A familial papillary type 2 renal cancer should be considered HLRCC unless typical cutaneous leiomyomas do not occur. PMID:24684806
An Epigastric Heteropagus Twin with Ruptured Giant Omphalocele
Dar, Sajid Hameed; Iqbal, Javaid; Latif, Tariq; Iqbal, Asif
We present a case of heteropagus twins attached to the epigastric region. The neonate also had ruptured giant omphalocoele with most of gut and liver lying outside the abdominal cavity. Patient had uneventful surgery for separation of twins and repair of ruptured omphalocoele. PMID:26023494
Giant Magnons Meet Giant Gravitons
Hofman, Diego M.
We study the worldsheet reflection matrix of a string attached to a D-brane in AdS{sub 5}xS{sup 5}. The D-brane corresponds to a maximal giant graviton that wraps an S{sup 3} inside S{sup 5}. In the gauge theory, the open string is described by a spin chain with boundaries. We focus on open strings with a large SO(6) charge and define an asymptotic boundary reflection matrix. Using the symmetries of the problem, we review the computation of the boundary reflection matrix, up to a phase. We also discuss weak and strong coupling computations where we obtain the overall phase factor and test our exact results.
[Abdominal wall closure by incisional hernia and herniation after laparostoma].
Mischinger, H-J; Kornprat, P; Werkgartner, G; El Shabrawi, A; Spendel, S
As hernias and abdominal wall defects have a variety of etiologies each with its own complications and comorbidities in various constellations, efficient treatment requires patient-oriented management. There is no recommended standard treatment and the very different clinical pictures demand an individualized interdisciplinary approach. Particularly in the case of complicated hernias, the planning of the operation should focus on the problems posed by the individual patient. Treatment mainly depends on the etiology of the hernia, immediate or long-term complications and the efficiency of individual repair techniques. Abdominal wall repair for recurrent herniation requires direct closure of the fascia generally using the sublay technique with a lightweight mesh. It is still unclear whether persistent inflammation, mesh dislocation, fistula formation or other long-term complications are due to certain materials or to the surgical technique. With mesh infections it has been shown to be advantageous to remove a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mesh, while the combination of systemic and local treatment appears to suffice for a polypropylene or polyester mesh. Heavier meshes in the sublay position or plastic reconstruction with autologous tissue are indicated as substitutes for the abdominal wall for giant hernias, repeated recurrences and large abdominal wall defects. A laparostoma is increasingly more often created to treat septic intra-abdominal processes but is very often responsible for a complicated hernia. If primary repair of the abdominal wall is not an option, resorbable material or split skin is used for coverage under the auspices of a planned hernia repair. PMID:20145901
Osteoclastic giant cell tumor of the pancreas☆
Temesgen, Wudneh M.; Wachtel, Mitchell; Dissanaike, Sharmila
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic giant cell tumors are rare, with an incidence of less than 1% of all pancreatic tumors. Osteoclastic giant cell tumor (OGCT) of the pancreas is one of the three types of PGCT, which are now classified as undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. PRESENTATION OF CASE The patient is a 57 year old woman who presented with a 3 week history of epigastric pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Imaging studies revealed an 18 cm × 15 cm soft tissue mass with cystic components which involved the pancreas, stomach and spleen. Exploratory laparotomy with distal pancreatectomy, partial gastrectomy and splenectomy was performed. Histology revealed undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells with production of osteoid and glandular elements. DISCUSSION OGCT of the pancreas resembles benign-appearing giant cell tumors of bone, and contain osteoclastic-like multinucleated cells and mononuclear cells. OGCTs display a less aggressive course with slow metastasis and lymph node spread compared to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Due to the rarity of the cancer, there is a lack of prospective studies on treatment options. Surgical en-bloc resection is currently considered first line treatment. The role of adjuvant therapy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy has not been established. CONCLUSION Pancreatic giant cell tumors are rare pancreatic neoplasms with unique clinical and pathological characteristics. Osteoclastic giant cell tumors are the most favorable sub-type. Surgical en bloc resection is the first line treatment. Long-term follow-up of patients with these tumors is essential to compile a body of literature to help guide treatment. PMID:24631915
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sommer, F. Graham; Brody, William R.; Cassel, Douglas M.; Macovski, Albert
Dual energy scanned projection radiography of the abdomen has been performed using an experimental line-scanned radiographic system. Digital images simultaneously obtained at 85 and 135 kVp are combined, using photoelectric/Compton decomposition algorithms to create images from which selected materials are cancelled. Soft tissue cancellation images have proved most useful in various abdominal imaging applications, largely due to the elimination of obscuring high-contrast bowel gas shadows. These techniques have been successfully applied to intravenous pyelography, oral cholecystography, intravenous abdominal arteriog-raphy and the imaging of renal calculi.
Mellnick, Vincent M; Heiken, Jay P
Acute disorders of the abdominal aorta are potentially lethal conditions that require prompt evaluation and treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging method for evaluating these conditions because of its availability and speed. Volumetric CT acquisition with multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional analysis is now the standard technique for evaluating the aorta. MR imaging may be useful for select applications in stable patients in whom rupture has been excluded. Imaging is indispensable for diagnosis and treatment planning, because management has shifted toward endoluminal repair. Acute abdominal aortic conditions most commonly are complications of aneurysms and atherosclerosis. PMID:26526434
Abdominal Vascular Catastrophes.
Singh, Manpreet; Koyfman, Alex; Martinez, Joseph P
Abdominal vascular catastrophes are among the most challenging and time sensitive for emergency practitioners to recognize. Mesenteric ischemia remains a highly lethal entity for which the history and physical examination can be misleading. Laboratory tests are often unhelpful, and appropriate imaging must be quickly obtained. A multidisciplinary approach is required to have a positive impact on mortality rates. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm likewise may present in a cryptic fashion. A specific type of ruptured aneurysm, the aortoenteric fistula, often masquerades as the more common routine gastrointestinal bleed. The astute clinician recognizes that this is a more lethal variant of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID:27133247
Fortner, George; Johansen, Kaj
Aneurysms are common in our increasingly elderly population, and are a major threat to life and limb. Until the advent of vascular reconstructive techniques, aneurysm patients were subject to an overwhelming risk of death from exsanguination. The first successful repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm using an interposed arterial homograft was reported by Dubost in 1952. A milestone in the evolution of vascular surgery, this event and subsequent diagnostic, operative and prosthetic graft refinements have permitted patients with an unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm to enjoy a better prognosis than patients with almost any other form of major systemic illness. Images PMID:6702193
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Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Understanding Task Force Recommendations Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Task Force) ... final recommendation statement on Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. This final recommendation statement applies to adults ages ...
Giant impacts on giant planets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Pater, Imke
The 2009 impact on Jupiter caught the world by surprise and cast doubt on impactor flux estimates for the outer solar system. Enhanced amateur planetary imaging techniques yield both high spatial resolution {enabling the 2009 impact debris field detection} and rapid frame rates {enabling the 2010 impact flash detections and lightcurve measurements}.We propose a Target of Opportunity program to image future impacts on Jupiter and Saturn. To remove the possibility of impact cloud non-detections, the program will be triggered only if an existing impact debris field is seen, an object on a collision course with Jupiter or Saturn is discovered, or an impact light curve is measured with an estimated total energy large enough to generate an impact cloud in a giant planet atmosphere.HST provides the only way to image these events in the ultraviolet, providing information on aerosol altitudes and on smaller particles that are less visible to ground-based infrared observations. High-resolution imaging with proper timing {not achievable from the ground} is required to measure precisely both the velocity fields of impact sites and the optical spectrum of impact debris. HST observations of past impacts on Jupiter have also served both as cornerstones of science investigations at other wavelengths and as vehicles for effective public outreach.Large outer solar system impacts are governed by the same physics as in the terrestrial events that dominate the impact threat to humans. Studying the behavior of impactors of various sizes and compositions, as they enter the atmosphere at varying angles and speeds, will better quantify terrestrial impact hazards.
Giant impacts on giant planets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Pater, Imke
The 2009 impact and recent superbolides on Jupiter caught the world by surprise and cast doubt on impactor flux estimates for the outer solar system. Enhanced amateur planetary imaging techniques yield both high spatial resolution (enabling the 2009 impact debris field detection) and rapid frame rates (enabling the 2010/2012 impact flash detections and lightcurve measurements).We propose a ToO program to image future impacts on Jupiter and Saturn. To remove the possibility of impact cloud non-detections, the program will be triggered only if an existing impact debris field is seen, an object on a collision course with Jupiter or Saturn is discovered, or an impact light curve is measured with an estimated total energy large enough to generate an impact cloud in a giant planet atmosphere (10^20 J).HST provides the only way to image these events in the ultraviolet, providing information on aerosol altitudes and on smaller particles that are less visible to ground-based infrared observations. High-resolution imaging with proper timing (not achievable from the ground) is required to measure precisely both the velocity fields of impact sites and the optical spectrum of impact debris. HST observations of past impacts on Jupiter have also served both as cornerstones of science investigations at other wavelengths and as vehicles for effective public outreach.Large outer solar system impacts are governed by the same physics as in the terrestrial events that dominate the impact threat to humans. Studying the behavior of impactors of various sizes and compositions, as they enter the atmosphere at varying angles and speeds, will better quantify terrestrial impact hazards.
Giant impacts on giant planets
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
de Pater, Imke
The 2009 impact and recent superbolides on Jupiter caught the world by surprise and cast doubt on impactor flux estimates for the outer solar system. Enhanced amateur planetary imaging techniques yield both high spatial resolution {enabling the 2009 impact debris field detection} and rapid frame rates {enabling the 2010/2012 impact flash detections and lightcurve measurements}.We propose a ToO program to image future impacts on Jupiter and Saturn. To remove the possibility of impact cloud non-detections, the program will be triggered only if an existing impact debris field is seen, an object on a collision course with Jupiter or Saturn is discovered, or an impact light curve is measured with an estimated total energy large enough to generate an impact cloud in a giant planet atmosphere {10^20 J}.HST provides the only way to image these events in the ultraviolet, providing information on aerosol altitudes and on smaller particles that are less visible to ground-based infrared observations. High-resolution imaging with proper timing {not achievable from the ground} is required to measure precisely both the velocity fields of impact sites and the optical spectrum of impact debris. HST observations of past impacts on Jupiter have also served both as cornerstones of science investigations at other wavelengths and as vehicles for effective public outreach.Large outer solar system impacts are governed by the same physics as in the terrestrial events that dominate the impact threat to humans. Studying the behavior of impactors of various sizes and compositions, as they enter the atmosphere at varying angles and speeds, will better quantify terrestrial impact hazards.
Age-Stratified Risk of Unexpected Uterine Sarcoma Following Surgery for Presumed Benign Leiomyoma
Li, Li; Andikyan, Vaagn; Običan, Sarah G.; Cioffi, Angela; Hao, Ke; Dudley, Joel T.; Ascher-Walsh, Charles; Kasarskis, Andrew; Maki, Robert G.
Background. Estimates of unexpected uterine sarcoma following surgery for presumed benign leiomyoma that use age-stratification are lacking. Patients and Methods. A retrospective cohort of 2,075 patients that had undergone myomectomy was evaluated to determine the case incidence of unexpected uterine sarcoma. An aggregate risk estimate was generated using a meta-analysis of similar studies plus our data. Database-derived age distributions of the incidence rates of uterine sarcoma and uterine leiomyoma surgery were used to stratify risk by age. Results. Of 2,075 patients in our retrospective cohort, 6 were diagnosed with uterine sarcoma. Our meta-analysis revealed 8 studies from 1980 to 2014. Combined with our study, 18 cases of leiomyosarcoma are reported in 10,120 patients, for an aggregate risk of 1.78 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.8) or 1 in 562. Eight cases of other uterine sarcomas were reported in 6,889 patients, for an aggregate risk of 1.16 per 1,000 (95% CI: 0.5–4.9) or 1 in 861. The summation of these risks gives an overall risk of uterine sarcoma of 2.94 per 1,000 (95% CI: 1.8–4.1) or 1 in 340. After stratification by age, we predict the risk of uterine sarcoma to range from a peak of 10.1 cases per 1,000, or 1 in 98, for patients aged 75–79 years to <1 case per 500 for patients aged <30 years. Conclusion. The risk of unexpected uterine sarcoma varies significantly across age groups. Our age-stratified predictive model should be incorporated to more accurately counsel patients and to assist in providing guidelines for the surgical technique for leiomyoma. PMID:25765878
Large leiomyoma of the bladder masquerading as an enlarged prostate gland.
Itam, Sarah; Elhage, Oussama; Khan, Muhammad Shamim
A 56-year-old man was admitted to hospital with shortness of breath and subsequently sustained a cardiac arrest. In the recovery period, he developed acute urinary retention and haematuria. Imaging suggested an enlarged prostate and he was started on clean intermittent catheterisation. Following further imaging and a transurethral biopsy, he was found to have a bladder leiomyoma. This was treated with laparotomy, cystotomy and enucleation of the tumour. At his 6-week follow-up appointment, he had a satisfactory cystogram and a successful void without catheter. PMID:26907817
Component separation in abdominal trauma.
Rawstorne, Edward; Smart, Christopher J; Fallis, Simon A; Suggett, Nigel
Component separation is established for complex hernia repairs. This case presents early component separation and release of the anterior and posterior sheath to facilitate closure of the abdominal wall following emergency laparotomy, reinforcing the repair with a biological mesh. On Day 11 following an emergency laparotomy for penetrating trauma, this patient underwent component separation and release of the anterior and posterior sheath. An intra-abdominal biological mesh was secured, and the fascia and skin closed successfully. Primary abdominal closure can be achieved in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma with the use of component separation and insertion of intra-abdominal biological mesh, where standard closure is not possible. PMID:24876334
Usurelu, Sergiu; Bettencourt, Vanessa; Melo, Gina
Introduction Ostriches typically avoid humans in the wild, since they correctly assess humans as potential predators, and, if approached, often run away. However, ostriches may turn aggressive rather than run when threatened, especially when cornered, and may also attack when they feel the need to defend their offspring or territories. Presentation of case A 71-year-old male patient presented with intra abdominal injury sustained from being kicked in the abdominal wall by an ostrich. During laparotomy, were found free peritoneal effusion and perforation of the small intestine. Discussion The clinical history and physical examination are extremely important for diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. CT-scan is the most accurate exam for making diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and is always indicated when there is injury to the hollow viscera. In general it is possible to suture the defect. Conclusion In cases of blunt abdominal trauma by animals is necessary to have a low threshold of suspicion for acute abdomen. PMID:25685344
Unexpectedly ease surgery for a worrisome abdominal mass: Pedunculated GISTs☆
Baskiran, Adil; Otan, Emrah; Aydin, Cemalettin; Kayaalp, Cuneyt
INTRODUCTION Discovery of abdominal masses often poses significant diagnostic difficulties. GISTs are mesenchymal masses, with specific histological features. Dimensions may vary from millimeters to giant tumours. We would like to present our case, which had an unexpectedly easy operative course which was easily handled with a simple surgical excision with a short operative duration. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 38 years old female patient was diagnosed to have an abdominal heterogen mass of 15 cm × 12 cm × 10 cm in dimension. Abdominal computed tomography revealed the solid mass between the stomach and pancreas corpus and tail, possibly orginating from the pancreas. With the preoperative diagnosis of locally invasive distal pancreas cancer the patient underwent laparotomy, following the dissection, the mass was observed to be originating from the posterior gastric Wall, extending exophytically with a peduncle of 5 cm in width, without any visual evidence for peritoneal invasion and metastasis. The tumour and the peduncle was resected with stapler device. Total operation time was 30 min. Postoperative course was uneventful. Pathologic diagnosis was gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). DISCUSSION Pedunculated large GISTs are not frequent and they can enlarge as 15 cm in diameter and compress the neighbouring organs. When they were huge, it is difficult to differentiate the origin of the masses. GISTs should be considered in differential diagnosis of giant abdominal masses. CONCLUSION When GISTs are huge and pedunculated, it can be difficult to differentiate the origin of the masses. This case report presents unexpectedly ease surgery for a worrysome abdominal mass. PMID:23999120
U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Guidance Regarding Morcellation of Leiomyomas: Well-Intentioned, But Is It Harmful for Women?
Parker, William H; Kaunitz, Andrew M; Pritts, Elizabeth A; Olive, David L; Chalas, Eva; Clarke-Pearson, Daniel L; Berek, Jonathan S
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning against the use of laparoscopic power morcellators in the majority of women undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy for the treatment of leiomyomas because of the concern for inadvertent spread of tumor cells if an undiagnosed cancer were present. The authors, representing a 45-member review group, reviewed the current literature to formulate prevalence rates of leiomyosarcoma in women with presumed leiomyomas and to asses reliable data regarding patient survival after morcellation. The authors disagree with the FDA's methodology in reaching their conclusion and provide clinical recommendations for care of women with leiomyomas who are planning surgery. PMID:26646134
Morphologic features of uterine leiomyomas associated with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome: a case report.
Garg, Karuna; Tickoo, Satish K; Soslow, Robert A; Reuter, Victor E
Patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome are prone to develop smooth muscle tumors of the uterus and skin and also renal carcinomas. The morphologic features of renal tumors that arise in the setting of HLRCC are well described, the hallmark feature being the presence of prominent eosinophilic nucleoli surrounded by a clear halo. Renal tumors associated with HLRCC are aggressive and often present late with high-stage disease. Early detection of patients with HLRCC could lead to surveillance for renal carcinomas. Women with HLRCC often present at a young age with uterine leiomyomas and frequently undergo hysterectomy as a result. HLRCC associated uterine leiomyomas show nuclear features similar to those described in HLRCC associated renal tumors. Therefore, presence of these nuclear features in uterine smooth muscle tumors may aid in early detection of HLRCC, resulting in surveillance for renal carcinoma. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman who underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibroids and subsequently presented 5 years later with high-stage renal carcinoma. Histologic evaluation of uterine leiomyomas and renal carcinoma revealed identical nuclear features, that is, prominent nucleoli with perinucleolar halos, raising the possibility of HLRCC. Subsequent testing confirmed a fumarate hydratase mutation. The presence of above-described nuclear features in uterine leiomyomas should raise the possibility of HLRCC. PMID:21753700
Difficulty in the intravesical morcellation procedure for leiomyoma of the prostate enucleated by HoLEP.
Shinojima, Toshiaki; Yoshimine, Shunsuke
Leiomyoma of prostate are rare benign neoplasms that are usually diagnosed incidentally through postoperative pathological examination. A 70-year-old man is presented with severe symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. Although a digital rectal examination and the prostate-specific antigen level did not suggest malignancy, transrectal ultrasonography showed an unusual homogenous echoic mass measuring 45×37 mm in size in the prostate. A needle biopsy was performed and pathological diagnosis was prostatic leiomyoma. Holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) was chosen and performed to resect the tumour. Although the enucleation step presented no problems, the morcellation procedure using a conventional transurethral mechanical morcellator was very difficult owing to the firmness of the tissue. By using a bipolar erectrosurgical loop, fragmentation and removal of tissue was accomplished. This is the first case reported of these rare neoplasms in which HoLEP was offered as a less invasive surgical approach. We emphasise the firmness of the leiomyomatous tissue, which would lead to morcellation failure. PMID:23966460
Difficulty in the intravesical morcellation procedure for leiomyoma of the prostate enucleated by HoLEP
Shinojima, Toshiaki; Yoshimine, Shunsuke
Leiomyoma of prostate are rare benign neoplasms that are usually diagnosed incidentally through postoperative pathological examination. A 70-year-old man is presented with severe symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. Although a digital rectal examination and the prostate-specific antigen level did not suggest malignancy, transrectal ultrasonography showed an unusual homogenous echoic mass measuring 45×37 mm in size in the prostate. A needle biopsy was performed and pathological diagnosis was prostatic leiomyoma. Holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) was chosen and performed to resect the tumour. Although the enucleation step presented no problems, the morcellation procedure using a conventional transurethral mechanical morcellator was very difficult owing to the firmness of the tissue. By using a bipolar erectrosurgical loop, fragmentation and removal of tissue was accomplished. This is the first case reported of these rare neoplasms in which HoLEP was offered as a less invasive surgical approach. We emphasise the firmness of the leiomyomatous tissue, which would lead to morcellation failure. PMID:23966460
[Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain].
Frei, Pascal
Despite the frequency of functional abdominal pain, potentially dangerous causes of abdominal pain need to be excluded. Medical history and clinical examination must focus on red flags and signs for imflammatory or malignant diseases. See the patient twice in the case of severe and acute abdominal pain if lab parameters or radiological examinations are normal. Avoid repeated and useless X-ray exposure whenever possible. In the case of subacute or chronic abdominal pain, lab tests such as fecal calprotectin, helicobacter stool antigen and serological tests for celiac disease are very useful. Elderly patients may show atypical or missing clinical signs. Take care of red herrings and be skeptical whether your initial diagnosis is really correct. Abdominal pain can frequently be an abdominal wall pain. PMID:26331201
Abdominal imaging: An introduction
Frick, M.P.; Feinberg, S.B.
This nine-chapter book gives an overview of the integrated approach to abdominal imaging. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the physics used in medical imaging; chapter 2 is on the selection of imaging modalities. These are followed by four chapters that deal, respectively, with plain radiography, computed tomographic scanning, sonography, and nuclear imaging, as applied to the abdomen. Two chapters then cover contrast material-enhanced studies of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract: one focusing on technical considerations; the other, on radiologic study of disease processes. The final chapter is a brief account of different interventional procedures.
Carlberg, David J; Lee, Stephen D; Dubin, Jeffrey S
Although most frequently presenting with lower abdominal pain, appendicitis, colitis, and diverticulitis can cause pain throughout the abdomen and can cause peritoneal and retroperitoneal symptoms. Evaluation and management of lower intestinal disease requires a nuanced approach by the emergency physician, sometimes requiring computed tomography, ultrasonography, MRI, layered imaging, shared decision making, serial examination, and/or close follow-up. Once a presumed or confirmed diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment is initiated, and may include surgery, antibiotics, and/or steroids. Appendicitis patients should be admitted. Diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease can frequently be managed on an outpatient basis, but may require admission and surgical consultation. PMID:27133242
Giant ureteral stone in a patient with a single functioning kidney: a case report.
Jeong, Y B; Park, J K; Kim, H J; Kim, Y G; Kim, M K
A 43-year-old man presented with long-standing left flank pain. A plain abdominal radiograph and intravenous urography (IVU) revealed a giant ureteral stone measuring 6.2 × 2.2 cm causing ureteral obstruction. A non-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a significantly atrophied right kidney and left hydronephroureterosis with a giant stone. A left transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy was performed with excellent results. PMID:21612759
Hypnosis for functional abdominal pain.
Gottsegen, David
Chronic abdominal pain is a common pediatric condition affecting 20% of the pediatric population worldwide. Most children with this disorder are found to have no specific organic etiology and are given the diagnosis of functional abdominal pain. Well-designed clinical trials have found hypnotherapy and guided imagery to be the most efficacious treatments for this condition. Hypnotic techniques used for other somatic symptoms are easily adaptable for use with functional abdominal pain. The author discusses 2 contrasting hypnotic approaches to functional abdominal pain and provides implications for further research. These approaches may provide new insights into this common and complex disorder. PMID:21922712
Immunohistochemistry for 2-Succinocysteine (2SC) and Fumarate Hydratase (FH) in Cutaneous Leiomyomas May Aid in Identification of Patients With HLRCC (Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome).
Buelow, Benjamin; Cohen, Jarish; Nagymanyoki, Zoltan; Frizzell, Norma; Joseph, Nancy M; McCalmont, Timothy; Garg, Karuna
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC) is caused by germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene and predisposes to cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). HLRCC-associated renal tumors are clinically aggressive, and patients would benefit from surveillance and early detection. Cutaneous leiomyomas that occur in association with HLRCC typically present early and are multiple. Thus far, the presence of certain morphologic features (large eosinophilic macronucleoli surrounded by halos and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions) in RCC and uterine leiomyomas has been shown to correlate with FH mutations. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for 2-succinocysteine (2SC) and FH has also been shown to correlate well with FH gene mutation status in RCC and uterine leiomyomas. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of morphologic features and IHC at predicting FH gene mutations in cutaneous leiomyomas. We identified 22 patients with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas (40 total MCLs) and 25 patients with single leiomyomas (25 SCLs). Mutations in the FH gene were detected in 11 of 13 (85%) sequenced MCLs and 1 of 11 (9%) SCLs. A strong association was observed between 2SC positivity by IHC and presence of FH gene mutation (P=0.0028 for 2SC) but not with FH loss by IHC (P=0.4 for FH). All 11 MCLs with an FH mutation showed positive staining for 2SC, whereas 6 of 11 showed complete loss of FH staining. Our study suggests that the presence of MCLs should raise the possibility of HLRCC. IHC for FH and 2SC is helpful in detection of FH gene mutations and should be considered in all newly diagnosed cutaneous leiomyomas. PMID:26945337
Ulipristal Acetate in Myomectomy Optimization in an Infertile Patient with Giant Myomas.
de la Fuente, Elena; Borrás, María Dolores; Rubio, Miriam; Abril, Nuria
The use of ulipristal acetate (UPA) has been recently introduced in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas. This drug has proven useful to control menometrorrhagia and to reduce myoma size. In the case presented here, we show the benefits of UPA treatment in facilitating surgical removal of giant myomas in an infertile patient. In addition to myoma reduction and a better control of preoperative bleeding, the treatment with UPA reduced the duration and complexity of the surgery, as well as the area of uterine wall involved and the resulting scar. No side effects were observed and the patient became pregnant 6 months after the surgery and had a normal pregnancy and delivery. This case report shows the beneficial effects of UPA in the preoperative treatment of myomas which affect uterus function. PMID:27594886
Ulipristal Acetate in Myomectomy Optimization in an Infertile Patient with Giant Myomas
Borrás, María Dolores; Rubio, Miriam; Abril, Nuria
The use of ulipristal acetate (UPA) has been recently introduced in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas. This drug has proven useful to control menometrorrhagia and to reduce myoma size. In the case presented here, we show the benefits of UPA treatment in facilitating surgical removal of giant myomas in an infertile patient. In addition to myoma reduction and a better control of preoperative bleeding, the treatment with UPA reduced the duration and complexity of the surgery, as well as the area of uterine wall involved and the resulting scar. No side effects were observed and the patient became pregnant 6 months after the surgery and had a normal pregnancy and delivery. This case report shows the beneficial effects of UPA in the preoperative treatment of myomas which affect uterus function. PMID:27594886
Peripheral giant cell granuloma.
Adlakha, V K; Chandna, P; Rehani, U; Rana, V; Malik, P
Peripheral giant cell granuloma is a benign reactive lesion of gingiva. It manifests as a firm, soft, bright nodule or as a sessile or pedunculate mass. This article reports the management of peripheral giant cell granuloma in a 12-year-old boy by surgical excision. PMID:21273719
Implanting intra-abdominal radiotransmitters with external whip antennas in ducks
Korschgen, C.E.; Kenow, K.P.; Gendron-Fitzpatrick, A.; Green, W.L.; Dein, F.J.
We developed and evaluated a surgical procedure for implanting intra-abdominal radiotransmitters with external whip antennas in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Transmitters were implanted in the abdominal cavity and the antennas exited through the caudal abdominal wall and skin. Birds with implanted transmitters developed mild to moderate localized air sac reactions. These reactions involved adhesions of the right anterior abdominal air sac to the liver with contractions around the transmitters and antenna catheters. The adhesions were reinforced by a proliferation of connective tissue and lined by multinucleated giant cells (foreign body reaction). Casual observation indicated that neither behavior nor activity of the birds was altered by the histological reaction to the transmitter implant. No increase in systemic lesions (particularly liver or kidney) could be correlated with the histological reactions. Our evaluations indicate that the procedure is a reliable method for radiomarking ducks and the technique has been successfully used in 2 field studies.
How I Manage Abdominal Injuries.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haycock, Christine E.
In sports, abdominal injuries occur most frequently in cycling, horseback riding, and skiing. Most involve children, not adults. Any athlete sustaining a severe blow to the abdomen should be examined. Guidelines are provided for recognizing and treating injuries to the abdominal muscles, kidneys, spleen, and liver. (Author/MT)
Functional Abdominal Pain in Children
... dominalPa in inCh ildre n What is functional abdominal pain, and why does it happen? Most otherwise-healthy ... stomachaches for two months or more have functional abdominal pain. The term "functional" refers to the fact that ...
Giant Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Yagmur, Yusuf; Akbulut, Sami; Gumus, Serdar; Demircan, Firat
Splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) are the third most frequent intra-abdominal aneurysm, following abdominal aorta and iliac artery aneurysms. SAAs are classified according to their involvement of arterial wall layers: true aneurysms involve all 3 layers (intima, media, and adventitia), and pseudoaneurysms involve only one or two. Herein we present a new case of giant pseudo SAA. A 65-year-old female patient with a pancreatic mass and iron deficiency was referred to our clinic for further investigation. Abdominal ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced CT and magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion resembling a subcapsular hemangioma in the spleen, and aneurysmatic dilation of the splenic artery with a diameter of >5 cm. The large size of the aneurysm and the clinical findings were indications for surgical treatment. The patient underwent en bloc resection of the spleen, distal pancreas, and aneurysmatic segment of the splenic artery. The patient remains complication-free 2 months after the operation. Spontaneous rupture is the most important life-threatening complications of giant SAAs. Therefore, all symptomatic patients with SAA should be treated, as well as asymptomatic patients with lesions ≥2 cm, who are pregnant or fertile, have portal hypertension, or are candidates for liver transplantation. Despite advances in endovascular techniques, conventional abdominal surgery remains the gold standard for treatment. PMID:26595501
Abdominal migraine in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.
Cervellin, Gianfranco; Lippi, Giuseppe
Although traditionally regarded as a specific pediatric disease, abdominal migraine may also be observed in adults. Unfortunately, however, this condition is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in the emergency department (ED). A 30-year-old woman presented to our ED complaining of abdominal pain and vomiting, lasting for 12 hours. The pain was periumbilical, continuous, and not associated with fever or diarrhea. The physical examination and the results of conventional blood tests were normal. The patient was treated with intravenous ketoprofen, metoclopramide, and ranitidine, obtaining a prompt relief of symptoms. She had a history of similar episodes in the last 15 years, with several ED visits, blood test examinations, ultrasonography of the abdomen, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Celiac disease, porphyry, sickle cell disease, and inflammatory bowel disease were all excluded. In July 2012, she became pregnant, and she delivered a healthy baby on April 2013. Until November 2014, she has remained asymptomatic. Based on the clinical characteristics of the abdominal pain episodes, the exclusion of any alternative diagnosis, and the relief of symptoms during and after pregnancy, a final diagnosis of abdominal migraine could be established. A skilled emergency physician should always consider abdominal migraine in the differential diagnosis of patients admitted to the ED with abdominal pain, especially when the attacks are recurrent and no alternative diagnosis can be clearly established. PMID:25616589
Mello Koch, Robert de; Ives, Norman; Smolic, Jelena; Smolic, Milena
We find giant graviton solutions in Frolov's three parameter generalization of the Lunin-Maldacena background. The background we study has {gamma}-tilde{sub 1}=0 and {gamma}-tilde{sub 2}={gamma}-tilde{sub 3}={gamma}-tilde. This class of backgrounds provides a nonsupersymmetric example of the gauge theory/gravity correspondence that can be tested quantitatively, as recently shown by Frolov, Roiban, and Tseytlin. The giant graviton solutions we find have a greater energy than the point gravitons, making them unstable states. Despite this, we find striking quantitative agreement between the gauge theory and gravity descriptions of open strings attached to the giant.
Henneman, P L
The management of patients with penetrating abdominal trauma is outlined in Figure 1. Patients with hemodynamic instability, evisceration, significant gastrointestinal bleeding, peritoneal signs, gunshot wounds with peritoneal violation, and type 2 and 3 shotgun wounds should undergo emergency laparotomy. The initial ED management of these patients includes airway management, monitoring of cardiac rhythm and vital signs, history, physical examination, and placement of intravenous lines. Blood should be obtained for initial hematocrit, type and cross-matching, electrolytes, and an alcohol level or drug screen as needed. Initial resuscitation should utilize crystalloid fluid replacement. If more than 2 liters of crystalloid are needed to stabilize an adult (less in a child), blood should be given. Group O Rh-negative packed red blood cells should be immediately available for a patient in impending arrest or massive hemorrhage. Type-specific blood should be available within 15 minutes. A patient with penetrating thoracic and high abdominal trauma should receive a portable chest x-ray, and a hemo- or pneumothorax should be treated with tube thoracostomy. An unstable patient with clinical signs consistent with a pneumothorax, however, should receive a tube thoracostomy prior to obtaining roentgenographic confirmation. If time permits, a nasogastric tube and Foley catheter should be placed, and the urine evaluated for blood (these procedures can be performed in the operating room). If kidney involvement is suspected because of hematuria or penetrating trauma in the area of a kidney or ureter in a patient requiring surgery, a single-shot IVP should be performed either in the ED or the operating room. An ECG is important in patients with possible cardiac involvement and in patients over the age of 40 going to the operating room. Tetanus status should be updated, and appropriate antibiotics covering bowel flora should be given. Operative management should rarely be delayed
Genetic testing of leiomyoma tissue in women younger than 30 years old might provide an effective screening approach for the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (HLRCC).
Martínek, Petr; Grossmann, Petr; Hes, Ondřej; Bouda, Jiří; Eret, Viktor; Frizzell, Norma; Gill, Anthony J; Ondič, Ondrej
We have studied the viability of targeted molecular screening for the identification of female patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome. Affected patients harbor a germ-line heterozygous mutation of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Clinically, some patients present with aggressive renal cell carcinoma. Concerning women, in almost all cases, this is preceded by symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. We aimed to identify women operated on for symptomatic leiomyoma by the age of 30. Archived paraffin-embedded leiomyoma tissue was tested for the FH gene mutation in 14 cases. Two patients with multiple leiomyomas and with the confirmed germ-line mutations c.1433_1434dupAAA, p.(Lys477dup) and c.953A>T, p.(His318Leu) were identified and enrolled in a surveillance program. Statistically significant correlation between the presence of multiple uterine leiomyomas (more than seven in our experience) and the FH gene mutation was found. The immunohistochemical expression pattern, of simultaneous FH absence and S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) positivity, correlated with the results of the molecular genetic study in only one case. The histomorphologically simultaneous detection of enlarged nucleoli with a clear halo of leiomyocyte nuclei, their fibrillary cytoplasm, the presence of eosinophilic globules, and staghorn vessels proved to be only a partially sensitive indicator of HLRCC-associated leiomyoma and fully correlated with immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic study only in one case. Molecular genetic testing is presently the only reliable diagnostic tool able to identify HLRCC patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of multiple leiomyomas in women with the FH gene mutation who are younger than 30 years old should be confirmed in larger scale studies. The applied targeted molecular screening protocol proved to be effective, resulting in identification of two positive patients out of fourteen tested individuals. PMID:25985877
Economics of abdominal wall reconstruction.
Bower, Curtis; Roth, J Scott
The economic aspects of abdominal wall reconstruction are frequently overlooked, although understandings of the financial implications are essential in providing cost-efficient health care. Ventral hernia repairs are frequently performed surgical procedures with significant economic ramifications for employers, insurers, providers, and patients because of the volume of procedures, complication rates, the significant rate of recurrence, and escalating costs. Because biological mesh materials add significant expense to the costs of treating complex abdominal wall hernias, the role of such costly materials needs to be better defined to ensure the most cost-efficient and effective treatments for ventral abdominal wall hernias. PMID:24035086
Acute incarcerated external abdominal hernia
Yang, Xue-Fei
External abdominal hernia occurs when abdominal organs or tissues leave their normal anatomic site and protrude outside the skin through the congenital or acquired weakness, defects or holes on the abdominal wall, including inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, femoral hernia and so on. Acute incarcerated hernia is a common surgical emergency. With advances in minimally invasive devices and techniques, the diagnosis and treatment have witnessed major changes, such as the use of laparoscopic surgery in some cases to achieve minimally invasive treatment. However, strict adherence to the indications and contraindications is still required. PMID:25489584
Micromanaging abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Maegdefessel, Lars; Spin, Joshua M; Adam, Matti; Raaz, Uwe; Toh, Ryuji; Nakagami, Futoshi; Tsao, Philip S
The contribution of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease to human morbidity and mortality has increased in the aging, industrialized world. In response, extraordinary efforts have been launched to determine the molecular and pathophysiological characteristics of the diseased aorta. This work aims to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to limit AAA expansion and, ultimately, rupture. Contributions from multiple research groups have uncovered a complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory milieu, which is believed to be essential for maintaining aortic vascular homeostasis. Recently, novel small noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs, have been identified as important transcriptional and post-transcriptional inhibitors of gene expression. MicroRNAs are thought to "fine tune" the translational output of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by promoting mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. With the discovery that microRNAs act as powerful regulators in the context of a wide variety of diseases, it is only logical that microRNAs be thoroughly explored as potential therapeutic entities. This current review summarizes interesting findings regarding the intriguing roles and benefits of microRNA expression modulation during AAA initiation and propagation. These studies utilize disease-relevant murine models, as well as human tissue from patients undergoing surgical aortic aneurysm repair. Furthermore, we critically examine future therapeutic strategies with regard to their clinical and translational feasibility. PMID:23852016
Mortimer, Alice Emily
A 79-year-old woman presented to a private medical practice 2 years previously for an elective ultrasound screening scan. This imaging provided the evidence for a diagnosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) to be made. Despite having a number of recognised risk factors for an AAA, her general practitioner at the time did not follow the guidance set out by the private medical professional, that is, to refer the patient to a vascular specialist to be entered into a surveillance programme and surgically evaluated. The patient became symptomatic with her AAA, was admitted to hospital and found to have a tender, symptomatic, 6 cm leaking AAA. She consented for an emergency open AAA repair within a few hours of being admitted to hospital, despite the 50% perioperative mortality risk. The patient spent 4 days in intensive care where she recovered well. She was discharged after a 12 day hospital stay but unfortunately passed away shortly after her discharge from a previously undiagnosed gastric cancer. PMID:25398912
Maher, M M; Kennedy, J; Hynes, D; Murray, J G; O'Connell, D
We describe the imaging features of a giant geode of the distal humerus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, which presented initially as a pathological fracture. The value of magnetic resonance imaging in establishing this diagnosis is emphasized. PMID:10794554
Giant Subclavian Artery Aneurysm.
Counts, Sarah; Zeeshan, Ahmad; Elefteriades, John
We report the case of a 37-year-old construction executive presenting with chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness on exertion secondary to a giant left subclavian artery aneurysm and aortic valvular disease. PMID:27231430
Artist Robert McCall painted "The Next Giant Step" in 1979 to commemorate the heroism and courage of spaceflight pioneers. Located in the lobby of Johnson's building 2, the mural depicts America's ...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Stockdale, Dennis
Provides directions for the construction of giant plastic cells, including details for building and installing the organelles. Also contains instructions for preparing the ribosomes, nucleolus, nucleus, and mitochondria. (DDR)
JAMA Patient Page: Abdominal Hernia
... an operation. Umbilical hernia Abdominal wall Intestinal loop Peritoneum Skin Peritoneum Umbilical annulus SYMPTOMS The first symptom of a ... vomiting, or constipation. Inguinal hernia Indirect inguinal hernia Peritoneum Deep inguinal ring Inguinal canal Superficial inguinal ring ...
Functional Abdominal Pain in Children
... At low doses, these medicines can be excellent pain relievers for some children. A fearful, anxious, or depressed child however should be fully assessed by a psychiatrist or psychologist. Some psychological treatments that help children cope with functional abdominal pain ...
Abdominal emergencies in the geriatric patient
Abdominal pain is one of the most frequent reasons that elderly people visit the emergency department (ED). In this article, we review the deadliest causes of abdominal pain in this population, including mesenteric ischemia, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and appendicitis and potentially lethal non-abdominal causes. We also highlight the pitfalls in diagnosing, or rather misdiagnosing, these clinical entities. PMID:25635203
Abdominal intrauterine vacuum aspiration.
Tjalma, W A A
Evaluating and "cleaning" of the uterine cavity is probably the most performed operation in women. It is done for several reasons: abortion, evaluation of irregular bleeding in premenopausal period, and postmenopausal bleeding. Abortion is undoubtedly the number one procedure with more than 44 million pregnancies terminated every year. This procedure should not be underestimated and a careful preoperative evaluation is needed. Ideally a sensitive pregnancy test should be done together with an ultrasound in order to confirm a uterine pregnancy, excluding extra-uterine pregnancy, and to detect genital and/or uterine malformations. Three out of four abortions are performed by surgical methods. Surgical methods include a sharp, blunt, and suction curettage. Suction curettage or vacuum aspiration is the preferred method. Despite the fact that it is a relative safe procedure with major complications in less than one percent of cases, it is still responsible for 13% of all maternal deaths. All the figures have not declined in the last decade. Trauma, perforation, and bleeding are a danger triage. When there is a perforation, a laparoscopy should be performed immediately, in order to detect intra-abdominal lacerations and bleeding. The bleeding should be stopped as soon as possible in order to not destabilize the patient. When there is a perforation in the uterus, this "entrance" can be used to perform the curettage. This is particularly useful if there is trauma of the isthmus and uterine wall, and it is difficult to identify the uterine canal. A curettage is a frequent performed procedure, which should not be underestimated. If there is a perforation in the uterus, then this opening can safely be used for vacuum aspiration. PMID:25134300
Giant adrenal pseudocyst harbouring adrenocortical cancer
Wilkinson, Michael; Fanning, Deirdre Mary; Moloney, James; Flood, Hugh
The authors report a very rare case of adreno-cortical carcinoma arising in a giant adrenal pseudocyst. A 64-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 6 week history of progressively worsening severe left abdominal pain, anorexia, anergia and constipation. On examination, she was cachectic with tenderness over the left abdomen and flank. Medical history was significant for gastritis and anaemia. During her investigation, a well-defined para-renal 12×6 centimetre multi-loculated cyst, of uncertain origin was identified on CT. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was not diagnostic. MRI showed the cyst to be likely adrenal in origin. Serum and urinary catecholamines were unremarkable. At laparotomy an unresectable large, tense, fixed, cystic mass was seen to occupy the left side of the abdomen. The cyst was de-roofed. Pathology showed a high-grade poorly differentiated adreno-cortical carcinoma with a pseudo-capsule. She died 2 months postoperatively. PMID:22679267
Anterior mediastinal presentation of a giant angiomyolipoma.
Amir, Afzal M I; Zeebregts, Clark J; Mulder, H Jan
Angiomyolipomas are benign, solitary, noninvasive lesions that most often arise in the kidney. Extrarenal manifestations of these tumors include the skin, oropharynx, the abdominal wall, retroperitoneum, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lung, liver, uterus, penis, and spinal cord. We report a patient with a giant angiomyolipoma located in the anterior mediastinum. We believe this is the seventh reported case of mediastinal angiomyolipoma and the largest reported by size. It is the second reported lesion to arise in the anterior mediastinum. Distinction from other pulmonary or thoracic masses relies on the appreciation of the unique and characteristic histologic features of these mediastinal angiomyolipomas. We conclude that, although rare, angiomyolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mediastinal tumor. PMID:15561061
[Role of single-nucleotide polymorphism C-1562т of the matrix metaloproteіnaza-9 gene in the development of leiomyoma in women with cervical pathology].
Savchenko, I N; Garbuzova, V Y
108 women diagnosed with leiomyoma and 84 women without this disease (control group) were examined during the research. Was conducted a comparative analysis of the genotypes distribution between women with cervical pathology of different complexity. The results of the research showed, that there is no connection between the С-1562Т polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene and the progression of leiomyoma the course of which is accompanied by false erosion of the cervix (ectopias epithelium) (p>0,521). There is also was not found any connection between the SNP in women with leiomyoma, who undergo conical electrocauterizing excision treatment because of the dysplastic epithelial changes that are considered to be precancerous (p>0,280). PMID:25802442
[Metastasizing Leiomyoma of the Lung Detected on Chest X-ray after Surgery for Breast Cancer;Report of a Case].
Kiyokawa, Hiroki; Omiya, Hideyasu; Takami, Koji; Sekimoto, Mitsugu; Mori, Kiyoshi
A 60-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with a lung nodule, which was detected on a chest X-ray 2 years after surgery for breast cancer. Pulmonary metastasis from the breast cancer was suspected and surgical resection was performed. On histopathological examination, the lung nodule showed a smooth muscle cell tumor, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. As a mass in the uterine was detected by computed tomography images before surgical resection, benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the lung was suspected. Subsequently, the patient underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The pathological findings revealed that the mass in the uterine was atypical leiomyoma, which was consistent with the primary lesion of the lung metastasis. Atypical leiomyoma is classified as a benign tumor, but in this case, careful follow-up is required because of its clinical course and histological features. PMID:26759955
Imaging manifestations of intravascular leiomyoma involving the right atrium: a case report and literature review
Ouyang, Aimei; Su, Xinyou; Li, Shujing; Li, Kun; Wang, Jian
The aim of this study is to investigate the imaging features of intravascular leiomyoma (IVL) involving the heart and the imaging techniques in the diagnosis of this disease. The imaging features of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), the clinical data and the pathological data of a case of IVL involving the right atrium were retrospectively analyzed and the literatures were reviewed. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to Jinan Central Hospital with a 7-day history of lower extremity weakness, chest tightness and short breath. Contrast-enhanced CT scanning revealed that there was a mass in the inferior vena cava and right atrium, which was heterogeneously enhanced. There was a gap between the vessel wall and the mass. Spiral CT scanning with multiplanner reformation (MPR) reconstruction revealed the morphology, scope and extension pathways of the tumor clearly. Ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also played important roles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IVL. To the patients with a history of uterine fibroids, spiral CT scanning, US and MRI could be used to improve the correct diagnosis rates of IVL before surgery. PMID:26379990
Somatic mutational analysis of MED12 exon 2 in uterine leiomyomas of Iranian women
Shahbazi, Shirin; Fatahi, Neda; Amini-Moghaddam, Soheila
Uterine leiomyomas are steroid-hormone dependent tumors of myometrial smooth muscle cells that affect numerous women throughout the world. Based on previous studies, we evaluated the mutations of MED12 gene which encodes a co-activator protein involved in transcription regulation of the vast majority of RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Exon 2 of MED12 gene was genotyped by PCR-sequencing method. To determine the proportion of mutation-containing transcripts, RNA was extracted from the tissue samples and the corresponding amplified cDNA was sequenced. We observed 11 mutation positive lesions, 7 of them were located in codon 44. The c.131G>A was found to be the most common somatic mutation in this study. Our investigation also demonstrated two unreported mutations , one large deletion and one insertion. cDNA analyzing revealed that the mutated transcripts were predominantly expressed in almost all changes including the new insertion mutation c.122-123ins15. Our study provides further evidence that the MED12 somatic mutations occur in a heterozygous manner and are mostly missense mutations in codon 44. The results displayed 47.8% mutation positive lesions in Iranian patients confirming the diversity between the populations. PMID:26396919
Abdominal radiation causes bacterial translocation
Guzman-Stein, G.; Bonsack, M.; Liberty, J.; Delaney, J.P.
The purpose of this study was to determine if a single dose of radiation to the rat abdomen leads to bacterial translocation into the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). A second issue addressed was whether translocation correlates with anatomic damage to the mucosa. The radiated group (1100 cGy) which received anesthesia also was compared with a control group and a third group which received anesthesia alone but no abdominal radiation. Abdominal radiation lead to 100% positive cultures of MLN between 12 hr and 4 days postradiation. Bacterial translocation was almost nonexistent in the control and anesthesia group. Signs of inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa were not seen until Day 3 postradiation. Mucosal damage was maximal by Day 4. Bacterial translocation onto the MLN after a single dose of abdominal radiation was not apparently dependent on anatomical, histologic damage of the mucosa.
Giant perigenital seborrheic keratosis
Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata; Saha, Abanti; Mishra, Vivek
Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a very common benign epidermal proliferation that is prevalent in all races. Most commonly occurring on the trunk, face, scalp, and the extremities, they can occur anywhere on the body except the palms and soles. The most common appearance is that of a very superficial verrucous plaque which appears to be stuck on the surface. Giant lesions are very rare, and their location on the genital area is rarer still. We report here a case of multiple giant SK lesions in a 59-year-old man. PMID:25657917
Solanki, Lakhan Singh; Dhingra, Mandeep; Raghubanshi, Gunjan; Thami, Gurvinder Pal
A cutaneous horn (cornu cutaneum) is a protrusion from the skin composed of a cornified material. It may be associated with a benign, premalignant, or malignant lesion at the base, masking numerous dermatoses. In a 24-year-old female, a giant cutaneous horn arising from a seborrheic keratosis located on the leg is presented. This case has been reported to emphasize that a giant cutaneous horn may also occur in young patients, even in photoprotected areas, and are not always associated with malignancy. PMID:25484426
Giant perigenital seborrheic keratosis.
Bandyopadhyay, Debabrata; Saha, Abanti; Mishra, Vivek
Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a very common benign epidermal proliferation that is prevalent in all races. Most commonly occurring on the trunk, face, scalp, and the extremities, they can occur anywhere on the body except the palms and soles. The most common appearance is that of a very superficial verrucous plaque which appears to be stuck on the surface. Giant lesions are very rare, and their location on the genital area is rarer still. We report here a case of multiple giant SK lesions in a 59-year-old man. PMID:25657917
Abdominal bloating: pathophysiology and treatment.
Seo, A Young; Kim, Nayoung; Oh, Dong Hyun
Abdominal bloating is a very common and troublesome symptom of all ages, but it has not been fully understood to date. Bloating is usually associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but it may also appear alone. The pathophysiology of bloating remains ambiguous, although some evidences support the potential mechanisms, including gut hypersensitivity, impaired gas handling, altered gut microbiota, and abnormal abdominal-phrenic reflexes. Owing to the insufficient understanding of these mechanisms, the available therapeutic options are limited. However, medical treatment with some prokinetics, rifaximin, lubiprostone and linaclotide could be considered in the treatment of bloating. In addition, dietary intervention is important in relieving symptom in patients with bloating. PMID:24199004
Malrotation in children is due to either an incomplete or non-rotation of the foetal mid-gut during perinatal development. Presentation is usually in the first few weeks of life, often with life-threatening volvulus and ischaemia. However, it can be a rare cause of abdominal pain in older children and young adults. We present such a case, as a reminder to emergency physicians that malrotation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent or chronic abdominal pain not only in children but also in adolescents. PMID:21635723
Ultrasonographic diagnosis in abdominal tuberculosis.
Sheikh, M; Moosa, I; Hussein, F M; Qurttom, M A; Behbehani, A I
Sonographic findings were retrospectively analysed in 39 patients with proven abdominal tuberculosis (TB). The patients were treated over 15 years at a major teaching hospital, Mubarak Al-Kabber Hospital, in Kuwait. The findings included clear or complex ascites with fine strands, loculations and debris. The other findings were lymphadenopathy, bowel wall thickening, omental mass, focal lesions in the liver and spleen and psoas abscess. The sonographic findings in abdominal TB are not specific but may give valuable information to prevent unnecessary laparotomy. PMID:10901897
Recurrent abdominal pain in children.
Buch, Niyaz A; Ahmad, Sheikh Mushtaq; Ahmed, S Zubair; Ali, Syed Wazid; Charoo, B A; Hassan, Masood Ul
Eighty five children with recurrent abdominal pain(RAP) were studied. Organic cause was noticed in 70 cases and non-organic in 15 cases. Giardiasis was the commonest organic cause in 57 (67.0 percent), either alone or with other parasitic infestations. Other organic causes include gallstones (4.7 percent), urinary infections (4.7 percent), esophagitis/gastritis (3.5 percent) and abdominal tuberculosis (2.3 percent). Single parent, school phobia, sibling rivalry, RAP in other family members and nocturnal enuresis are significant factors associated with nonorganic causes PMID:12368527
Secondary abdominal appendicular ectopic pregnancy.
Nama, Vivek; Gyampoh, Bright; Karoshi, Mahantesh; McRae, Reynold; Opemuyi, Isaac
Although the case fatality rate for ectopic pregnancies has decreased to 0.08% in industrialized countries, it still represents 3.8% of maternal mortality in the United States alone. In developing countries, the case fatality rate varies from 3% to 27%. Laparoscopic management of tubal pregnancies is now the standard form of treatment where this technology is available. Abdominal pregnancies are rare, and secondary implantation of tubal ectopic pregnancies is the most common cause of abdominal gestations. We present an interesting case of secondary implantation of a tubal ectopic pregnancy to highlight the appendix as a possible secondary implantation site after a tubal ectopic pregnancy. PMID:17630175
Giant Aggressive Mesenteric Fibromatosis- A Case Report
BN, Anandaravi; CD, Jagadish Kumar; M, Mayur; URS, Roopa
Fibromatosis are rare, accounting for 0.03% of all tumours. Mesenteric fibromatosis is a very rare (8% of all desmoid neoplasm). Aggressive fibromatosis of mesentery is a rare surgical problem affecting 2-4 per million people. Females are more commonly affected than males (Estrogen acts as a growth factor). It is locally invasive and tends to recur but never metastasize. Here, we are discussing about 24-year-old male presented with progressive abdomen distension associated with pain since one month. Abdominal examination showed a firm non-tender intra-abdominal mass, measuring around 15x14 cm size, with intrinsic mobility, which was perpendicular to mesenteric line, all borders were well-made out. CECT abdomen showed features suggestive of GIST . Elective Laparotomy was done and a giant mass arising from mesentery without any infiltration to the surrounding structures was noted. The entire mass was excised and mesentery repaired. Histopathology showed uniform band of spindle shaped cells arranged in fascicles admixed with blood vessels in a collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemistry showed Beta Catenin +ve, CD 117-ve, CD 34 –ve and SMA-ve, which is confirmative of Fibromatosis. Postoperative period was uneventful. PMID:25859491
Biological and Mechanistic Characterization of Novel Prodrugs of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Analogs in Human Leiomyoma Cell Lines.
Ahmed, Reda Saber Ibrahim; Liu, Gang; Renzetti, Andrea; Farshi, Pershang; Yang, Huanjie; Soave, Claire; Saed, Ghassan; El-Ghoneimy, Ashraf Ahmed; El-Banna, Hossny Awad; Foldes, Robert; Chan, Tak-Hang; Dou, Q Ping
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are very common benign tumors grown on the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, present in up to 75% of reproductive-age women and causing significant morbidity in a subset of this population. Although the etiology and biology of uterine fibroids are unclear, strong evidence supports that cell proliferation, angiogenesis and fibrosis are involved in their formation and growth. Currently the only cure for uterine fibroids is hysterectomy; the available alternative therapies have limitations. Thus, there is an urgent need for developing a novel strategy for treating this condition. The green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits the growth of uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and the use of a green tea extract (containing 45% EGCG) has demonstrated clinical activity without side effects in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. However, EGCG has a number of shortcomings, including low stability, poor bioavailability, and high metabolic transformations under physiological conditions, presenting challenges for its development as a therapeutic agent. We developed a prodrug of EGCG (Pro-EGCG or 1) which shows increased stability, bioavailability and biological activity in vivo as compared to EGCG. We also synthesized prodrugs of EGCG analogs, compounds 2a and 4a, in order to potentially reduce their susceptibility to methylation/inhibition by catechol-O-methyltransferase. Here, we determined the effect of EGCG, Pro-EGCG, and 2a and 4a on cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells, and found that 2a and 4a have potent antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antifibrotic activities. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2357-2369, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:26950525
Electroluminescence of Giant Stretchability.
Yang, Can Hui; Chen, Baohong; Zhou, Jinxiong; Chen, Yong Mei; Suo, Zhigang
A new type of electroluminescent device achieves giant stretchability by integrating electronic and ionic components. The device uses phosphor powders as electroluminescent materials, and hydrogels as stretchable and transparent ionic conductors. Subject to cyclic voltage, the phosphor powders luminesce, but the ionic conductors do not electrolyze. The device produces constant luminance when stretched up to an area strain of 1500%. PMID:26610277
Rathod, Rajiv; Bansal, Prashant; Gutta, Srinivas
Ureteric stones are usually small and symptomatic. We present a case of a 35-year old female who presented with minimally symptomatic right distal ureteric calculus with proximal hydroureteronephrosis. Laparoscopic right ureterolithotomy was performed and a giant ureteric calculus measuring 11 cm Χ 1.5 cm, weighing 40 g was retrieved. PMID:24082453
Kotkar, Kunal; Thakkar, Ravi; Songra, MC
Primary urethral calculus is rarely seen and is usually encountered in men with urethral stricture or diverticulum. We present a case of giant urethral calculus secondary to a urethral stricture in a man. The patient was treated with calculus extraction with end to end urethroplasty. PMID:24950400
Yagnik, Vipul D.
Fibroadenomas are benign solid tumor associated with aberration of normal lobular development. Juvenile giant fibroadenoma is usually single and >5 cm in size /or >500 gms in weight. Important differential diagnoses are: phyllodes tumor and juvenile gigantomastia. Simple excision is the treatment of choice. PMID:24765310
Rathod, Rajiv; Bansal, Prashant; Gutta, Srinivas
Ureteric stones are usually small and symptomatic. We present a case of a 35-year old female who presented with minimally symptomatic right distal ureteric calculus with proximal hydroureteronephrosis. Laparoscopic right ureterolithotomy was performed and a giant ureteric calculus measuring 11 cm Χ 1.5 cm, weighing 40 g was retrieved. PMID:24082453
Abdominal pain - children under age 12
Stomach pain in children; Pain - abdomen - children; Abdominal cramps in children; Belly ache in children ... When your child complains of abdominal pain, see if they can describe it to you. Here are different kinds of pain: ...
Bisphenol A, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, and phthalates in relation to uterine leiomyoma.
Pollack, A Z; Buck Louis, G M; Chen, Z; Sun, L; Trabert, B; Guo, Y; Kannan, K
Bisphenol A, benzophenone-type UV filters, and phthalates are chemicals in high production and use including in a range of personal care products. Exposure of humans to these chemicals has been shown to affect endocrine function. Although short-lived, widespread exposure may lead to continual opportunity for these chemicals to elicit health effects in humans. The association of these chemicals with incident uterine leiomyoma, an estrogen sensitive disease, is not known. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), five benzophenone-type UV filters (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2OH-4MeO-BP), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4OH-BP), 2,2׳-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,2׳OH-4MeO-BP), 2,2׳4,4׳-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (2,2׳4,4׳OH-BP), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4OH-BP), and 14 phthalate monoesters were quantified in 495 women who later underwent laparoscopy/laparotomy at 14 clinical sites for the diagnosis of fibroids. Significantly higher geometric mean creatinine-corrected concentrations of BPA, 2,4OH-BP, and 2OH-4MeO-BP were observed in women with than without fibroids [BPA: 2.09µg/g vs. 1.46µg/g p=0.004; 2,4OH-BP:11.10µg/g vs. 6.71µg/g p=0.01; 2OH-4MeO-BP: 11.31µg/g vs. 6.10µg/g p=0.01]. Mono-methyl phthalate levels were significantly lower in women with than without fibroids (1.78µg/g vs. 2.40µg/g). However, none of the exposures were associated with a significant odds ratio even when adjusting for relevant covariates. There was a lack of an association between select nonpersistent chemicals and the odds of a fibroid diagnosis. PMID:25531814
Women seeking second opinion for symptomatic uterine leiomyoma: role of comprehensive fibroid center
Objective The objective of the study was to describe our early experience with a comprehensive uterine fibroid center and report our results in women seeking a second opinion for management of symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. Methods We performed a HIPAA-complaint, IRB-approved retrospective study of women seeking second opinion for management of uterine fibroids at our multidisciplinary fibroid treatment center in a tertiary care facility from July 2008 to August 2011. After a review of patients' history, physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, treatment options were discussed which included conservative management, uterine-preserving options, and hysterectomy. We performed Fisher's exact test for categorical variables between the cohort that did or did not undergo a uterine-preserving treatment. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the 205 patient study cohort was 43.8 years (SD 7.5). One hundred sixty-two (79.0%) patients had no prior therapy. Based on MRI, one or more fibroids were detected in 178/205 (86.8%), adenomyosis in 8/205 (3.9%), and a combination of fibroid and nonfibroid condition (i.e., adenomyosis, endometrial polyp) in 18/205 (8.8%). In those who desired to transition their care to our institution (n = 109), 85 patients underwent 90 interventions: 39 MRgFUS (magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound surgery), 14 UAE (uterine artery embolization), 25 myomectomies, 8 hysterectomies, 3 polypectomies, and 1 endometrial ablation. Five patients had two procedures. Intramural and subserosal fibroids were most commonly treated with MRgFUS followed by myomectomy and then UAE; in contrast, pedunculated fibroids were frequently managed with myomectomy. Conclusions Multidisciplinary fibroid evaluation may facilitate the increase use of less invasive options over hysterectomy for symptomatic fibroid treatment. PMID:25512867
Leiomyoma of the gastrointestinal tract with interstitial cells of Cajal: a mimic of gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Deshpande, Anita; Nelson, Dylan; Corless, Christopher L; Deshpande, Vikram; O'Brien, Michael J
Leiomyomas (LMs) of the gastrointestinal tract arise within the muscularis mucosae (superficial) and muscularis propria (deep). There are isolated reports of KIT-positive cells, presumed interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), within gastrointestinal LMs. We have encountered esophageal LMs with a high proportion of KIT-positive and DOG1-positive spindle-shaped cells, an appearance that mimicked gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Our aim was to explore the prevalence of ICCs in LMs of the gastrointestinal tract and the etiopathogenic significance of these cells in this benign neoplasm. We identified 34 esophageal LMs (28 deep, 6 superficial), 8 gastric LMs, and 5 small-bowel LMs (all lesions in muscularis propria). We performed immunohistochemical staining studies for desmin, DOG1, and KIT on these neoplasms. We also evaluated 12 superficial colonic LMs. ICCs were distinguished from mast cells on the basis of morphology (elongated and occasionally branching spindle-shaped cells) and the presence of DOG1 reactivity. Four cases were screened for mutations in PDGFRA exons 12, 14, and 18 and KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17. ICCs were identified in all deep esophageal LMs and constituted an average of 20% of the lesional cells; focally, these cells comprised >50% of cells. The density of these cells was significantly higher than the background muscularis propria, and hyperplasia of ICCs was not identified in the adjacent muscle. ICCs were identified in 6 of 8 gastric LMs and 1 of 5 small-bowel LMs and were entirely absent in all superficial esophageal and colonic/rectal LMs. There were no mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. ICCs are universally present in deep esophageal LMs, and thus these neoplasms could be mistaken for gastrointestinal stromal tumors, particularly on biopsy samples, an error associated with adverse clinical consequences. ICCs are also identified in gastric and intestinal LMs, albeit in a smaller proportion of cases. Colonization and hyperplasia by non-neoplastic ICCs
[Giant renal cyst as cause of colic obstruction].
Vos, B; Laureys, M
A 97-year old woman presented with a 2-months history of asthenia, loss of appetite, nauseas and intermittent diarrhea. She presented an important colic distension associated to an inflammatory syndrome. Microbiological documentation (blood, urine, saddles stool) was negative. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a 15 cm of diameter (giant) right cortical renal cyst with colic obstruction by external colic compression. A percutaneous cyst drainage was performed allowing the evacuation of 1,500 cc. The fluid culture was positive for Raoultella ornithinolytica and Enterococcus faecalis. No antibiotics were given but inflammatory syndrome remained within normal value. Colic function remained normal. PMID:19517907
Intestinal obstruction caused by giant ileal hamartoma: a case report
Sun, Jiangang; Huang, Jingjing; Chen, Peng; Zhao, Xueyan
Adult intestinal hamartomas is uncommon, intussusception caused by simple intestinal hamartomas are extremely rare. However, there is no report yet like our isolated giant ileum hamartoma. We report an unusual case of a 34-year-old woman who suffered abdominal pain for more than 1 year, and accompanied with obvious symptoms of anemia. The admission CT examination revealed small bowel intussusception. So we had a laparotomy for her. After the reduction of the intussusception, we found a huge mass of 7.5 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm in the intestine, and postoperative pathology showed ileum hamartoma. PMID:27162788
Giant Supratrigonal Vesicocervicovaginal Fistula – A Case Report
Bose, Chinmoy K; Basu, Amit; Kanjilal, Subir; Basu, Srabani
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is prevalent in the developing world, with recent estimates suggesting that 2 million women live with fistula, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. VVF is associated with urogenital infections and ammonia dermatitis, and the psychosocial ramifications may be devastating, as women may be socially isolated from their families and community. VVF also remains a challenging condition for the gynecologic surgeon. We present a case of a giant supratrigonal VVF repaired using an abdominal (suprapubic) transperitoneal transvesical approach. PMID:16614696
An unusual outcome of a giant ventral hernia
Waheed, Muhammad; Alsenani, Mohammad; Al-Akeely, Muhammad; Al-Qahtani, Hamad
Hernias are routine general surgical problems that may present in any age group, regardless of the patient's socioeconomic status. We present a rare case of a complicated ventral hernia leading to short bowel. This is an unusual case and is very rarely reported in the literature. This current case report describes a 54-year-old gentleman who presented to the hospital with a giant strangulated ventral hernia causing massive bowel ischemia and resulting in a short bowel. The literature on large abdominal wall hernias leading to short bowel is reviewed, and a discussion on short bowel syndrome is also presented. PMID:26219451
Feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection for giant hemangioma of greater than 6 cm in diameter
Kim, In Sung
Backgrounds/Aims Liver hemangioma, the most common benign liver tumor, can be safely managed by clinical observation. However, surgical treatment should be considered in a subset of patients with giant hemangioma with abdominal symptoms. We reviewed the feasibility of total laparoscopic liver resection for giant hemangioma of >6 cm in diameter. Methods Nine consecutive patients who underwent total laparoscopic liver resection for giant hemangioma between August 2008 to December 2012 were included in this study. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, laboratory findings, and perioperative results. Results The median age of patients was 36 yrs (range, 31-63). Eight females and 1 male were included in the study. The median size of hemangioma was 11 cm in diameter (range, 6-18) and 5 patients had a hemangioma >10 cm. Indications for surgical treatments were abdominal symptoms in 4 patients, increased size in 5 patients, and uncertain diagnosis in 1 patient. The median operation time was 522 minutes for right hepatectomy, 220 minutes for left lateral sectionectomy, and 90 minutes for wedge resection. The median estimated blood loss was 400 ml (range, 50-900). There was no postoperative morbidity, including Clanvien-Dindo grade I. Conclusions The resection of giant hemangioma demands meticulous surgical technique due to high vascularity and the concomitant risk of intraoperative hemorrhage. Laparoscopic liver resection is feasible with minimal operative complication. Therefore, laparoscopic liver resection can be considered as an option for surgical treatment for giant hemangioma. PMID:26155263
miR-93/106b and their host gene, MCM7, are differentially expressed in leiomyomas and functionally target F3 and IL-8.
Chuang, Tsai-Der; Luo, Xiaoping; Panda, Harekrushna; Chegini, Nasser
miR-93/106b and their host gene minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) reside at chr7q22, a region frequently rearranged in leiomyomas. We explored the expression of miR-93/106b in leiomyoma and paired myometrium (n = 63) from untreated and patients exposed to hormonal therapies (GnRH agonist, Depo-Provera, and oral contraceptives) from African-Americans and Caucasians and their regulatory functions in isolated paired (n = 15) leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells and the leiomyosarcoma cell line. At tissue level leiomyomas expressed significantly lower levels of miR-93 and elevated MCM7 as compared with myometrium with limited racial influence or hormonal exposure on their expression. Assessing the regulatory function of miR-93/106b through doxycycline-inducible lentiviral transduction in a microarray analysis, tissue factor (F3) and IL8 were identified as their possible targets. At the tissue level, leiomyomas expressed a significantly lower level of F3 and an elevated IL-8 level, which exhibited an inverse relationship with miR-93 but with limited racial or hormonal influences. The gain of function of miR-93/106b in leiomyoma smooth muscle cells, myometrial smooth muscle cells, and the leiomyosarcoma cell line dose dependently repressed F3 and IL8 through direct interactions with their respective 3'-untranslated region and indirectly through F3 repression inhibited IL8, CTGF, and PAI-1 expression, confirmed by using small interfering RNA silencing or factor Vlla (FVIIa) activation of F3, as well as reducing the rate of proliferation, while increasing caspase-3/7 activity. We concluded that differential expression of miR-93/106b and their direct and/or indirect regulatory functions on F3, IL8, CTGF, and PAI-1 expression, with key roles in inflammation and tissue turnover may be of significance in the outcome of leiomyoma growth and associated symptoms. PMID:22556343
Rahman, M; Uddin, A; Das, G C; Akanda, N I
Massive or giant vesical calculus is a rare entity in the recent urological practice. Males are affected more than the females. Vesical calculi are usually secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. These patients present with recurrent urinary tract infection, haematuria or with retention of urine. We report a young male patient who presented with defaecatory problems along with other urinary symptoms. The patient having an average built, non diabetic but hypertensive. The stone could be palpated by physical examination. His urea levels were within normal limits but urine examination shows infection. USG reveals bilateral hydronephrosis with multiple stones in both kidneys along with a giant vesical calculus. After controlling urinary infection and hypertention he underwent an open cystolithotomy. During operation digital rectal help was needed to remove the stone as it was adherent with bladder mucosa. Post operative period was uneventful. His urinary output was quite normal and had no defaecatory problems. Patient left the hospital 10 days after operation. PMID:17917633
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rymer, A. M.; Arridge, C. S.; Masters, A.; Turtle, E. P.; Simon, A. A.; Hofstadter, M. D.; Turrini, D.; Politi, R.
The Ice Giants in our solar system, Uranus and Neptune, are fundamentally different from their Gas Giant siblings Jupiter and Saturn, from the different proportions of rock and ice to the configuration of their planetary magnetic fields. Kepler space telescope discoveries of exo-planets indicate that planets of this type are among the most ubiquitous universally and therefore a future mission to explore the nature of the Ice Giants in our own solar system will provide insights into the nature of extra-solar system objects in general. Uranus has the smallest self- luminosity of all the planets, potentially related to catastrophic events early in the planet's history, which also may explain Uranus' large obliquity. Uranus' atmosphere is subject to extreme seasonal forcing making it unique in the Solar System. Neptune is also unique in a number of ways, notably its large moon Triton which is likely a captured Kuiper Belt Object and one of only two moons in the solar system with a robustly collisional atmosphere. Similar to Uranus, the angle between the solar wind and the magnetic dipole axis is subject to large-amplitude variations on both diurnal and seasonal timescales, but peculiarly it has one of the quietest magnetospheres of the solar system, at least according to Voyager 2, the only spacecraft to encounter Neptune to date. A comprehensive mission, as advocated in the Decadal Survey, would provide enormous science return but is also challenging and expensive. In this presentation we will discuss mission scenarios and suggest how collaboration between disciplines and internationally can help us to pursue a mission that includes Ice Giant exploration.
John, L C; Hornick, P; Lang, S; Wallis, J; Edmondson, S J
Thymic carcinoid is a rare tumour. It may present with ectopic endocrine secretion or with symptoms of compression as a result of its size. A case is reported which presented with symptoms of compression where the size of the tumour was uniquely large such as to warrant the term giant thymic carcinoid. The typical histological features are described, together with its possible origin and its likely prognosis. PMID:1852667
Giant dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma.
Dominguez, Elias; Lopez de Cenarruzabeitia, Iñigo; Martinez, Manuel; Rueda, J C; Lede, A; Barreiro, Erica; Diz, Susana
Liposarcoma tumors only represent 0.1% of all cancers, but they are the more common of retroperitoneal sarcomas. It has a great tendency for local recurrence, mainly the dedifferentiated variety, but its complete resection can provide a 5-year survival of 70%. In this report, we present a case of a giant dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma that did not affect any neighboring organ and that was successfully treated by means of complete surgical resection. PMID:19731863
Giant rodlike reversed micelles
Yu, Z.J.; Neuman, R.D. )
Herein we report that sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, which is similar in structure to the classical surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), forms very large rodlike reversed micelles and that their size can be even much larger if water is removed from the apolar solution. We further suggest that long-range electrostatic interactions are the primary driving force for the formation of giant reversed micelles. 19 refs., 3 figs.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mosser, B.; Samadi, R.; Belkacem, K.
The space-borne missions CoRoT and Kepler are indiscreet. With their asteroseismic programs, they tell us what is hidden deep inside the stars. Waves excited just below the stellar surface travel throughout the stellar interior and unveil many secrets: how old is the star, how big, how massive, how fast (or slow) its core is dancing. This paper intends to paparazze the red giants according to the seismic pictures we have from their interiors.
[Giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma].
Sarf, Ismail; el Mejjad, Amine; Badre, Latifa; Mani, Ahmed; Aboutaieb, Rachid; Meziane, Fethi
The authors report a new case of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in an 18-year-old girl presenting with abdominal mass and lumbosciatica. The diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumour was based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment consisted of complete resection of the tumour. The postoperative course was favourable with no recurrence after one year of follow-up. The authors discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this disease. PMID:12940207
Abdominal Distension and Vascular Collapse.
Cosentino, Gina; Uwaifo, Gabriel I
We present the case of a 43-year-old gentleman who presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal distension, confusion and vascular collapse. The emergent radiologic imaging obtained showed massive bilateral adrenal enlargement, but despite the initial clinical suspicion of possible overwhelming sepsis and/or massive abdominal/intralesional hemorrhage, lab tests based obtained rapidly confirmed the diagnosis of acute Addisonian crisis which responded dramatically to adrenocorticoid hormone replacement therapy and aggressive fluid resuscitation. The patient's established history of metastatic lung cancer confirmed this as a case of metastatic massive bilateral adrenal metastases with an initial presentation of acute adrenal insufficiency which is uncommon in the setting of metastatic carcinomatosis but more typically associated with lymphomas. Recognition of this clinical possibility is vital to enable rapid diagnosis and consequent life saving therapy. PMID:27328473
[Abdominal bruit associated with hypertension].
Fontseré, N; Bonet, J; Bonal, J; Romero, R
First cause of secondary hypertension is renovascular hypertension which presents abdominal bruit in 16 to 20% of cases. This clinical sign is also associated with other vascular disease of the abdomen such as celiac trunk stenosis and/or aneurysms located on the pancreaticoduodenal or gastroduodenal arcs level, with little representation among aneurysm. They usually appear on a context of digestive complications like neoplasias, chronic pancreatitis or gastric obstructions possibly with obstructive icterus, hemorrhage and acute abdomen episodes. Its presentation in other contexts is rare and constitutes a diagnostic challenge. Diagnosis is made by abdominal arteriography which is the best method because you can locate the problem as well as intervene therapeutically with embolization of the aneurysme. We would like to emphasize the importance of a quick diagnosis due to the risk of rupture and the high morbi-mortality associated. PMID:15219082
Primary Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cell Culture Quality Control: Some Properties of Myometrial Cells Cultured under Serum Deprivation Conditions in the Presence of Ovarian Steroids
Sumikawa, Joana Tomomi; Batista, Fabrício Pereira; Paredes-Gamero, Edgar J.; Girão, Manoel J. B. C.; Oliva, Maria Luiza V.
Cell culture is considered the standard media used in research to emulate the in vivo cell environment. Crucial in vivo experiments cannot be conducted in humans and depend on in vitro methodologies such as cell culture systems. However, some procedures involving the quality control of cells in culture have been gradually neglected by failing to acknowledge that primary cells and cell lines change over time in culture. Thus, we report methods based on our experience for monitoring primary cell culture of human myometrial cells derived from uterine leiomyoma. We standardized the best procedure of tissue dissociation required for the study of multiple genetic marker systems that include species-specific antigens, expression of myofibroblast or myoblast markers, growth curve, serum deprivation, starvation by cell cycle synchronization, culture on collagen coated plates, and 17 β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) effects. The results showed that primary myometrial cells from patients with uterine leiomyoma displayed myoblast phenotypes before and after in vitro cultivation, and leiomyoma cells differentiated into mature myocyte cells under the appropriate differentiation-inducing conditions (serum deprivation). These cells grew well on collagen coated plates and responded to E2 and P4, which may drive myometrial and leiomyoma cells to proliferate and adhere into a focal adhesion complex involvement in a paracrine manner. The establishment of these techniques as routine procedures will improve the understanding of the myometrial physiology and pathogenesis of myometrium-derived diseases such as leiomyoma. Mimicking the in vivo environment of fibrotic conditions can prevent false results and enhance results that are based on cell culture integrity. PMID:27391384
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kondratiev, Vladislav
Rotation-powered radio pulsars exhibit a remarkably diverse spectrum of variability with characteristic time scales from days and even years (intermittent pulsars) to minutes-seconds (nulling) and (sub-)microseconds. The latter time scales are associated with the phenomenon of giant pulses (GPs) and micropulses. The story of GPs started in 1968, when Staelin and Reifenstein discovered the Crab pulsar through its spectacularly bright radio pulses. To date, only seven pulsars out of more than 2200 are known to show GP emission, namely the pulsars B0531+21, B1937+21, B0540-69, B1821-24, B1957+20, J0218+4232, and B1820-30A. Giant pulses are characterized by large energies (more than ten times of the energy of the average pulse), short durations, power-law energy distribution, specific rotational phase of occurrence, high degree of polarization, and accompanying high-energy radiation. Large energies of GPs and coincidence of their phase of occurrence with peaks of high-energy profiles hint at the same mechanism of radio GP and high-energy emission. The correlation of Crab pulsar GPs with optical, X-ray and gamma-ray photons was studied for the past 20 years, with only radio/optical link confirmed so far. In my talk I will present the summary of the observational evidence of radio GPs and give an overview of theoretical advances on giant-pulse emission mechanism.
Management of voluminous abdominal incisional hernia.
Bouillot, J-L; Poghosyan, T; Pogoshian, T; Corigliano, N; Canard, G; Veyrie, N
Incisional hernia is one of the classic complications after abdominal surgery. The chronic, gradual increase in size of some of these hernias is such that the hernia ring widens to a point where there is a loss of substance in the abdominal wall, herniated organs can become incarcerated or strangulated while poor abdominal motility can alter respiratory function. The surgical treatment of small (<5 cm) incisional hernias is safe and straightforward, by either laparotomy or laparoscopy. For large hernias, surgical repair is often difficult. After reintegration of herniated viscera into the abdominal cavity, the abdominal wall defect must be closed anatomically in order to restore the function to the abdominal wall. Prosthetic reinforcement of the abdominal wall is mandatory for long-term successful repair. There are multiple techniques for prosthetic hernia repair, but placement of Dacron mesh in the retromuscular plane is our preference. PMID:23137643
[A case of abdominal wall actinomycosis].
Kim, Kyung Hoon; Lee, Jin Soo; Cho, Hyeong Jun; Choi, Seung Bong; Cheung, Dae Young; Kim, Jin Il; Lee, In Kyu
Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous infectious disease caused by actinomyces species that is characterized by formation of characteristic clumps called as sulfur granules. Abdominal actinomycosis is a rare disease and is often difficult to diagnose before operation. Abdominal actinomycosis infiltrating into the abdominal wall and adhering to the colon is even rarer. Most abdominal actinomycosis develops after operation, trauma or inflammatory bowel disease, and is also considered as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patient with underlying malignancy, diabetes mellitus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, etc. Actinomycosis is diagnosed based on histologic demonstration of sulfur granules in surgically resected specimen or pus, and treatment consists of long-term penicillin based antibiotics therapy with or without surgical resection. Herein, we report an unusual case of abdominal wall actinomycosis which developed in a patient after acupuncture and presented as abdominal wall mass that was first mistaken for abdominal wall invasion of diverticulum perforation. PMID:25896158
Acute Abdominal Pain in Children.
Reust, Carin E; Williams, Amy
Acute abdominal pain accounts for approximately 9% of childhood primary care office visits. Symptoms and signs that increase the likelihood of a surgical cause for pain include fever, bilious vomiting, bloody diarrhea, absent bowel sounds, voluntary guarding, rigidity, and rebound tenderness. The age of the child can help focus the differential diagnosis. In infants and toddlers, clinicians should consider congenital anomalies and other causes, including malrotation, hernias, Meckel diverticulum, or intussusception. In school-aged children, constipation and infectious causes of pain, such as gastroenteritis, colitis, respiratory infections, and urinary tract infections, are more common. In female adolescents, clinicians should consider pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy, ruptured ovarian cysts, or ovarian torsion. Initial laboratory tests include complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, urinalysis, and a pregnancy test. Abdominal radiography can be used to diagnose constipation or obstruction. Ultrasonography is the initial choice in children for the diagnosis of cholecystitis, pancreatitis, ovarian cyst, ovarian or testicular torsion, pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy-related pathology, and appendicitis. Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain requiring surgery, with a peak incidence during adolescence. When the appendix is not clearly visible on ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to confirm the diagnosis. PMID:27175718
Unusual Giant Prostatic Urethral Calculus
Bello, A.; Maitama, H. Y.; Mbibu, N. H.; Kalayi, G. D.; Ahmed, A.
Giant vesico-prostatic urethral calculus is uncommon. Urethral stones rarely form primarily in the urethra, and they are usually associated with urethral strictures, posterior urethral valve or diverticula. We report a case of a 32-year-old man with giant vesico-prostatic (collar-stud) urethral stone presenting with sepsis and bladder outlet obstruction. The clinical presentation, management, and outcome of the giant prostatic urethral calculus are reviewed. PMID:22091328
Laparoscopic management of a gastric perforation after snare removal of a gastric leiomyoma.
Yu, B L; Yuan, R H; Wong, J M; Yu, S C
A 67-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction, who had been suffering intermittent epigastric pain and tarry stool for nine months, was referred to our hospital with a suspected gastric tumor. The panendoscopy showed a round, hard submucosal tumor at the greater curvature of the upper gastric body, near the fundus. An ulcer scar was observed on the surface of the tumor. Polypectomy using snare cauterization was carried out. However, severe abdominal pain and abdominal distension developed. A chest radiograph revealed bilateral subphrenic free air. Due to the high risk in this patient, laparoscopic repair of the gastric perforation was carried out using an Endo-GIA instrument. The postoperative course was uneventful. Feeding started on the third postoperative day, and the patient was discharged on the eighth day. A follow-up panendoscopy two months later showed a well-healed scar. PMID:9689521
Regression of uterine leiomyomas after treatment with gestrinone, an antiestrogen, antiprogesterone.
Coutinho, E M; Boulanger, G A; Gonçalves, M T
Ninety-seven women, aged 18 to 53 years, with uterine leiomyomas diagnosed by bimanual palpation and ultrasonography, were treated for 4 to 13 months with gestrinone, a potent steroidal, antiestrogen, antiprogesterone. Thirteen women were less than 30 years old and six 50 years old or older. Forty-six women were 30 to 40 years old and 32 others were 40 to 50 years old. Sixty-one women were nulliparous. Patients were divided in a random fashion into three groups according to treatment schedule. In group A, 34 patients received capsules containing 5 mg of gestrinone twice weekly. In group B, 36 patients received 2.5 mg capsules three times weekly. In group C, 27 patients were instructed to insert 2.5 mg tablets in the vagina three times weekly. Uterine volume was measured by ultrasonography before and at the end of treatment. At the end of 4 months, uterine volume fell from 303 to 251 cm3 in group A, from 361 to 266 cm3 in group B, but increased from 371 to 387 cm3 in group C. For those patients treated for 10 (+/- 1) months, mean uterine volume fell from 368 to 282 cm3 in group A and from 384 to 327 cm3 in group B, but increased from 262 to 290 cm3 in group C. Mean uterine volume of patients who were treated for 13 (+/- 1) months also fell from 325 to 259 cm3 in group A, from 416 to 268 cm3 in group B, and from 406 to 399 cm3 in group C. Changes in uterine volume measured at the time of discontinuation for the various groups revealed volume decrease in 71 and increase or no change in 26. Differences between groups A, B, and C were statistically significant when comparisons were made at 4 and 13 months. Uterine bleeding ceased by the second month of treatment in half the patients initially complaining of menometrorrhagias. After 4 months of treatment, 95% of the women were amenorrheic. Hemoglobin increased in 85 of 90 patients for whom values were available before treatment began. Both dyspareunia and chronic pain were significantly reduced by the gestrinone
Bisphenol A, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, and phthalates in relation to uterine leiomyoma
Pollack, AZ; Buck Louis, GM; Chen, Z; Sun, L; Trabert, B; Guo, Y; Kannan, K
Bisphenol A, benzophenone-type UV filters, and phthalates are chemicals in high production and use including in a range of personal care products. Exposure of humans to these chemicals has been shown to affect endocrine function. Although short-lived, widespread exposure may lead to continual opportunity for these chemicals to elicit health effects in humans. The association of these chemicals with incident uterine leiomyoma, an estrogen sensitive disease, is not known. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), five benzophenone-type UV filters (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2OH-4MeO-BP), 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4OH-BP), 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone (2,2′OH-4MeO-BP), 2,2′4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (2,2′4,4′OH-BP), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4OH-BP), and 14 phthalate monoesters were quantified in 495 women who later underwent laparoscopy/laparotomy at 14 clinical sites for the diagnosis of fibroids. Significantly higher geometric mean creatinine-corrected concentrations of BPA, 2,4OH-BP, and 2OH-4MeO-BP were observed in women with than without fibroids [BPA: 2.09 μg/g vs. 1.46 μg/g p=0.004; 2,4OH-BP:11.10 μg/g vs. 6.71 μg/g p=0.01; 2OH-4MeO-BP: 11.31 μg/g vs. 6.10 μg/g p=0.01]. Mono-methyl phthalate levels were significantly lower in women with than without fibroids (1.78 μg/g vs. 2.40 μg/g). However, none of the exposures were associated with a significant odds ratio even when adjusting for relevant covariates. There was a lack of an association between select nonpersistent chemicals and the odds of a fibroid diagnosis. PMID:25531814
Non-intubated laparoscopic repair of giant Morgagni's hernia for a young man
Zhang, Miao; Wang, Heng; Liu, Dong; Pan, Xuefeng; Wu, Wenbin; Hu, Zhengqun
An asymptomatic patient was admitted as his chest photograph and computed tomography scans showed a giant Morgagni's hernia (MH). And it was repaired by laparoscopic approach under epidural anesthesia without endotracheal intubation. The hernia content of omentum was repositioned back into the abdominal cavity, and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired with composite mesh. Which indicated that non-intubated laparoscopic mesh repair via epidural anesthesia is reliable and satisfactory for MH.
Non-intubated laparoscopic repair of giant Morgagni's hernia for a young man.
Zhang, Miao; Wang, Heng; Liu, Dong; Pan, Xuefeng; Wu, Wenbin; Hu, Zhengqun; Zhang, Hui
An asymptomatic patient was admitted as his chest photograph and computed tomography scans showed a giant Morgagni's hernia (MH). And it was repaired by laparoscopic approach under epidural anesthesia without endotracheal intubation. The hernia content of omentum was repositioned back into the abdominal cavity, and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired with composite mesh. Which indicated that non-intubated laparoscopic mesh repair via epidural anesthesia is reliable and satisfactory for MH. PMID:27621903
Giant Coulomb blockade magnetoresistance
Zhang, Xiaoguang; Wen, Z. C.; Wei, H. X.; Han, Prof. X. F.
We show that the Coulomb blockade voltage can be made to depend strongly on the electron spin in a thin magnetic granular layer inserted in the middle of an insulating layer of a tunnel junction. This strong spin dependence is predicted from the spin-dependent inter-granular conductance through any of the following effects within the granular layer, giant magnetoresistance (GMR), tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), or GMR through a polymer spacer. The resulting Coulomb blockade magnetoresistance (CBMR) ratio can exceed the magnetoresistance ratio of the granular layer itself by orders of magnitude. Unlike other magenetoresistance effects, the CBMR effect does not require magnetic electrodes.
Giant Cardiac Cavernous Hemangioma.
Unger, Eric; Costic, Joseph; Laub, Glenn
We report the case of an asymptomatic giant cardiac cavernous hemangioma in a 71-year-old man. The intracardiac mass was discovered incidentally during surveillance for his prostate cancer; however, the patient initially declined intervention. On presentation to our institution 7 years later, the lesion had enlarged significantly, and the patient consented to excision. At surgery, an 8 × 6.5 × 4.8 cm intracardiac mass located on the inferior heart border was excised with an intact capsule through a median sternotomy approach. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. We discuss the diagnostic workup, treatment, and characteristics of this rare cardiac tumor. PMID:26140782
Large Abdominal Wall Endometrioma Following Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Borncamp, Erik; Mehaffey, Philip; Rotman, Carlos
Background: Endometriosis is a common condition in women that affects up to 45% of patients in the reproductive age group by causing pelvic pain. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is rarely found subcutaneously or in abdominal incisions, causing it to be overlooked in patients with abdominal pain. Methods: A 45-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain 2 years following a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. She was found to have incidental cholelithiasis and a large abdominal mass suggestive of a significant ventral hernia on CT scan. Results: Due to the peculiar presentation, surgical intervention took place that revealed a large 9cm×7.6cm×6.2cm abdominal wall endometrioma. Conclusion: Although extrapelvic endometriosis is rare, it should be entertained in the differential diagnosis for the female patient who presents with an abdominal mass and pain and has a previous surgical history. PMID:21902990
Blunt abdominal trauma in children.
Tepas, J J
The growing popularity of nonoperative treatment of children with splenic injuries has seduced some physicians into a false sense of security regarding care of the injured child. Although it has been established that hemodynamically stable children with splenic, hepatic, and even renal injuries can safely be treated "expectantly," this concept cannot be applied indiscriminately. Accurate diagnosis and effective care of the child with blunt abdominal trauma is an exercise of clinical precision that demands attention to detail and thorough evaluation. This review addresses this process in light of recent advances in diagnostic imaging and in consideration of recent reports analyzing different protocols for therapeutic decision making. PMID:8374651
Vorp, David A.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition whereby the terminal aorta permanently dilates to dangerous proportions, risking rupture. The biomechanics of AAA has been studied with great interest since aneurysm rupture is a mechanical failure of the degenerated aortic wall and is a significant cause of death in developed countries. In this review article, the importance of considering the biomechanics of AAA is discussed, and then the history and the state-of-the-art of this field is reviewed - including investigations into the biomechanical behavior of AAA tissues, modeling AAA wall stress and factors which influence it, and the potential clinical utility of these estimates in predicting AAA rupture. PMID:17254589
[Abdominal pain, constipation and anemia].
Barresi, Fabio; Kunz Caflish, Isabel; Bayly-Schinzel, Leena; Dressel, Holger
We present the case of a 42-year old man who went to the emergency department because of spasmodic abdominal pain. The abdomen was soft. A gastroscopy and a colonoscopy were without pathological findings. The laboratory analyses indicated anemia. The differential blood count showed basophilic granules in the red blood cells. The blood lead level was elevated. A lead poisoning was diagnosed. The cause was the oral intake of an ayurvedic medication which the patient had received in Bangladesh to treat his vitiligo. PMID:27005735
Giant Inguinoscrotal Hernia Repaired by Lichtensteins Technique Without Loss of Domain -A Case Report
HN, Dinesh; N, Shreyas
Giant inguinal hernia is a formidable surgical problem. It is defined as inguinal hernia extending up to mid thigh or below in standing position. Giant inguinal hernia is usually associated with compromised quality of life due to sexual discomfort and constant weight bearing. It is a challenge for the operating surgeon since it is rare. It may require multistage repair with recurrence being common. A 45-year-old male patient presented with Giant inguinal hernia and compromised quality of life due to pain and sexual discomfort. Lichtenstein's polypropylene mesh repair was done after reducing the sac contents (omentum and transverse colon) with partial omentectomy. There was no loss of intra-abdominal domain. Postoperative period was uneventful. In literature many techniques are available to increase the intra-abdominal cavity (a) Creating progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum (b) Creation of ventral wall defect (c) surgical debulking of hernia contents. Recurrence is prevented by reconstruction of the abdominal wall using Marlex mesh and a Tensor fasciae lata flap. Laparoscopic repair is associated with more recurrence. Lichtenstein's technique is one of the preferred treatments. PMID:25386483
Tumours of the anterior uvea. III. Oxytalan fibres in the differential diagnosis of leiomyoma and malignant melanoma of the iris.
Noor Sunba, M. S.; Rahi, A. H.; Garner, A.; Alexander, R. A.; Morgan, G.
The diagnostic potential of oxytalan fibre demonstration in differentiating between leiomyomas and spindle-cell malignant melanomas of the iris was investigated. It was found that oxytalan fibres were abundant in leiomyomata, both between and around the tumour cells, whereas they were found in small numbers only and usually near the iris muscle in malignant melanomata. Their presence and distribution, therefore, appear to offer a satisfactory method of differentiating between these tumours. Since the human choroid and ciliary body normally contain oxytalan fibres, the above findings are not relevant to malignant melanoma of these structures. Naevi and regressing aggregates of iris melanoma cells away from the main tumour mass may similarly be surrounded by misleading amounts of these fibres. Images PMID:7426559
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cates, M. E.; Fielding, S. M.
Giant micelles are elongated, polymer-like objects created by the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules (such as detergents) in solution. Giant micelles are typically flexible, and can become highly entangled even at modest concentrations. The resulting viscoelastic solutions show fascinating flow behaviour (rheology) which we address theoretically in this article at two levels. First, we summarize advances in understanding linear viscoelastic spectra and steady-state nonlinear flows, based on microscopic constitutive models that combine the physics of polymer entanglement with the reversible kinetics of self-assembly. Such models were first introduced two decades ago, and since then have been shown to explain robustly several distinctive features of the rheology in the strongly entangled regime, including extreme shear thinning. We then turn to more complex rheological phenomena, particularly involving spatial heterogeneity, spontaneous oscillation, instability and chaos. Recent understanding of these complex flows is based largely on grossly simplified models which capture in outline just a few pertinent microscopic features, such as coupling between stresses and other order parameters such as concentration. The role of 'structural memory' (the dependence of structural parameters such as the micellar length distribution on the flow history) in explaining these highly nonlinear phenomena is addressed. Structural memory also plays an intriguing role in the little-understood shear thickening regime, which occurs in a concentration regime close to but below the onset of strong entanglement, and which is marked by a shear-induced transformation from an inviscid to a gelatinous state.
Giant solitary trichoepithelioma
Teli, Bhavuray; Thrishuli, P. B.; Santhosh, R.; Amar, D. N.; Rajpurohit, Shravan
Adnexal tumors like giant solitary trichoepitheliomas are uncommon to most of us to permit a ready familiarity with them. Information regarding the genesis, clinical profile, behavior, and management options for this tumor is limited. There are 18 cases reported in the world literature till date. This review attempts to provide insight to this rare tumor. Our search included indexed literature from Pubmed, Directory of Open Access Journals, Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative and Google databases in addition to standard dermatology texts. Giant solitary trichoepithelioma is a rare trichogenic tumor with potential for local recurrence. It has predilection for the older age, but may present at any age including at birth. It has close resemblance to basal cell carcinoma and other skin adnexal tumors - clinically, cytologically, and histologically. CD10, CD 34, PHLDA1 but not p75NTR are useful adjunct markers. Surgical excision is the standard treatment. Recurrence and possible transformation into BCC cautions follow up at regular intervals. PMID:25839021
Giant solitary trichoepithelioma.
Teli, Bhavuray; Thrishuli, P B; Santhosh, R; Amar, D N; Rajpurohit, Shravan
Adnexal tumors like giant solitary trichoepitheliomas are uncommon to most of us to permit a ready familiarity with them. Information regarding the genesis, clinical profile, behavior, and management options for this tumor is limited. There are 18 cases reported in the world literature till date. This review attempts to provide insight to this rare tumor. Our search included indexed literature from Pubmed, Directory of Open Access Journals, Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative and Google databases in addition to standard dermatology texts. Giant solitary trichoepithelioma is a rare trichogenic tumor with potential for local recurrence. It has predilection for the older age, but may present at any age including at birth. It has close resemblance to basal cell carcinoma and other skin adnexal tumors - clinically, cytologically, and histologically. CD10, CD 34, PHLDA1 but not p75NTR are useful adjunct markers. Surgical excision is the standard treatment. Recurrence and possible transformation into BCC cautions follow up at regular intervals. PMID:25839021
Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
Donshik, P C
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is a syndrome found frequently as a complication of contact lenses. Many variables can affect the onset and severity of the presenting signs and symptoms. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses appear to result in less severe signs and symptoms, with a longer time before the development of giant papillary conjunctivitis. Nonionic, low-water-content soft contact lenses tend to produce less severe signs and symptoms than ionic, low-water-content soft contact lenses. Enzymatic treatment appears to lessen the severity of signs and symptoms. The association of an allergy appears to play a role in the onset of the severity of the signs and symptoms but does not appear to affect the final ability of the individual to wear contact lenses. Using multiple treatment options, such as changing the polymer to a glyceryl methyl methacrylate or a rigid lens, or utilizing a soft lens on a frequent-replacement basis, can result in a success rate of over 90%. In individuals who still have a return of symptoms, the use of topical mast cell stabilizers or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as an adjunctive therapy offers the added possibility of keeping these patients in contact lenses. Images FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6 FIGURE 7 FIGURE 11 A FIGURE 11 B FIGURE 11 C FIGURE 11 D PMID:7886881
Abdominal wall reconstruction with implantable meshes.
Masden, Derek; Felder, John M; Iorio, Matthew L; Bhanot, Parag; Attinger, Christopher E
Abdominal wall defects present a difficult problem for the reconstructive surgeon. Over the years, numerous implantable materials have becomes available to aid the surgeon in recreating the abdominal wall. This spectrum of implants includes permanent synthetic meshes, absorbable meshes, composite meshes and biomaterials. This review includes the pros and cons for the commercially available abdominal wall implants as well as a review of the literature regarding outcomes for each material. This review will provide the surgeon with current evidence-based information on implantable abdominal materials to be able to make a more informed decision about which implant to use. PMID:21663579
Allometry indicates giant eyes of giant squid are not exceptional
Background The eyes of giant and colossal squid are among the largest eyes in the history of life. It was recently proposed that sperm whale predation is the main driver of eye size evolution in giant squid, on the basis of an optical model that suggested optimal performance in detecting large luminous visual targets such as whales in the deep sea. However, it is poorly understood how the eye size of giant and colossal squid compares to that of other aquatic organisms when scaling effects are considered. Results We performed a large-scale comparative study that included 87 squid species and 237 species of acanthomorph fish. While squid have larger eyes than most acanthomorphs, a comparison of relative eye size among squid suggests that giant and colossal squid do not have unusually large eyes. After revising constants used in a previous model we found that large eyes perform equally well in detecting point targets and large luminous targets in the deep sea. Conclusions The eyes of giant and colossal squid do not appear exceptionally large when allometric effects are considered. It is probable that the giant eyes of giant squid result from a phylogenetically conserved developmental pattern manifested in very large animals. Whatever the cause of large eyes, they appear to have several advantages for vision in the reduced light of the deep mesopelagic zone. PMID:23418818
Giant cell hepatitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cairns, A; McMahon, R F
Giant hepatocytes are commonly found in several neonatal and infantile liver diseases, but are rarely found in adult liver disease. A 42 year old white woman presented with a five month history of paraesthesia and numbness of both the upper and lower limbs and with vague abdominal pain. Abnormal liver function was noted on routine screening. Ultrasound scan of the abdomen showed gallstones; barium enema, ERCP and computed tomography scan were all normal. IgG antibodies to double stranded DNA were present at a titre of 40 units. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies, anti-mitochondrial antibodies and rheumatoid factor were not detected. Serology for hepatitis A, B, C, and paramyxoviruses was negative, as was the Paul Bunnell test. A clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with an axonal sensory polyneuropathy was made, the latter confirmed on biopsy of the sural nerve. Giant cells were noted on liver biopsy. The patient was treated with corticosteroids; liver function had improved after two years of follow up. When extensive giant cell transformation is noted on liver biopsy, particularly when neuropathy is also a feature, the possibility of an association with SLE should be considered. Images PMID:8655694
External compression as initial management of giant omphaloceles.
DeLuca, F G; Gilchrist, B F; Paquette, E; Wesselhoeft, C W; Luks, F I
The authors describe a noninvasive technique for the management of giant omphaloceles. Two patients with giant omphaloceles were managed with external compression. Dry sterile dressings were used, buttressed by an Ace bandage in the first case and by a handcrafted Velcro abdominal binder in the second. The binder was tightened every 2 or 3 days. Renal, cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal parameters were measured regularly to determine whether the binder was too tight. The first patient had only occasional emesis, and the defect was repaired after 40 days of compression. The second patient experienced intermittent hypertension, occasional emesis, and mild oxygen desaturation, which resolved when the binder was loosened slightly. The fascia muscle and skin were closed after 30 days of external compression. Both patients are currently living at home and doing well. This form of external compression is an effective, inexpensive, and low-risk method for the gradual reduction of giant omphaloceles, and should be considered for patients born with this problem. PMID:8811569
Metaplastic carcinoma of the right breast and simultaneous giant ovarian teratoma: a case report.
Li, Shuang; Wei, Qing-Zhu
We describe here a female patient who presented with a breast mass and giant abdominal mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast mass and histological examination after modified radical mastectomy confirmed metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. The epithelial components were formed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma with poor differentiation, and the sarcomatous components were formed by fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Histological examination of the abdominal mass confirmed ovarian teratoma. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy of the right breast and laparoscopic excision of the abdominal mass in the lower right quadrant. Having underwent six courses of chemotherapy, the patient is now in her tenth month after surgery and under follow-up, and she has no relapsed disease. These two diseases have never seen in one patient before. The case we report here provides some new data for research and clinical experience and it may also provide a new insight into the relationship between metaplastic breast carcinoma and ovarian teratoma. PMID:22854062
Primary Giant Splenic Echinococcal Cyst Treated by Laparoscopy.
Arce, Maira A; Limaylla, Himerón; Valcarcel, Maria; Garcia, Hector H; Santivañez, Saul J
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Liver and lungs are the most commonly affected organs whereas splenic infection is rarer and its primary involvement occurs in less than 2% of abdominal CE. We report a case of primary giant splenic hydatid cyst in a 75-year-old Peruvian woman that was laparoscopically removed without any complications, perioperative prophylactic chemotherapy with albendazole 400 mg twice a day 5 days before, and 7 days after the surgical procedure was administered, postoperative recovery was uneventful, and; at her 3-month follow-up the patient remains asymptomatic and an abdominal computed tomography scan demonstrated a cystic cavity of 15 cm diameter with no daughter vesicles, neither other abdominal organ involvement. This case is in line with the existing literature on laparoscopical treatment of splenic cystic hydatid disease, suggesting that laparoscopical treatment is a safe and effective approach for large splenic hydatid cysts to be preferred to open surgical techniques. PMID:26556833
Seizure After Abdominal Surgery in an Infant Receiving a Standard-Dose Postoperative Epidural Bupivacaine Infusion.
Shapiro, Peter; Schroeck, Hedwig
We present the case of an otherwise healthy 12-month-old girl undergoing repair of a giant omphalocele, who experienced a postoperative seizure attributed to accumulation of bupivacaine from an epidural infusion. Whereas a standard dose was used, this patient experienced temporary liver dysfunction postoperatively, presumably from elevated intra-abdominal pressures, predisposing her to toxicity after a prolonged infusion. This case illustrates how the type of surgery can influence the margin of safety of routinely used neuraxial local anesthetic doses in infants and young children. PMID:26825992
Successful endovascular treatment of a 13 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. Case report.
Santagata, A; Giribono, A M; Ferrara, D; Viviani, E; Narese, D; Midiri, F; Albano, D; Padricelli, A; Del Guercio, L
There is increasing evidence in the literature that endovascular aneurysm repair is the first-line approach for most of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Furthermore aortouniiliac stent graft placement is, in high risk patients or during emergency setting, a safe procedure over the mid- and long-term period and compares well with the results of bifurcated stent grafts. We present a case of a 66 -year-old gentleman, with pneumothorax after therapeutic thoracentesis and a giant AAA, successfully treated with an aortomonoiliac stent grafting and femoro-femoral crossover bypass. PMID:27212572
Giant magnetostrictive composites
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Duenas, Terrisa Ann
The limitation of magnetostrictive composites has been in their low magnetostrictive response when compared to their monolithic counterparts. In this dissertation research is presented describing the methods and analysis used to create a giant magnetostrictive composite (GMC) producing giant strains at low fields, exhibiting magnetization ``jumping'' and the ΔE effect. This composite combines the giant magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2) in particle form, with a nonmetallic binder and is capable of producing strains (at room temperature) exceeding 1000 ppm at a nominal field of 1.5 kOe mechanically unloaded and 1200 ppm at 8 MPa preload (2.5 kOe). Several studies leading to the high response of this composite are presented. A connectivity study shows that a [1-3] connected composite produces 50% more strain than a [0-3] composite. A resin study indicates that the lower the viscosity of the resin, the greater the magnetostrictive response; this is attributed to the removal of voids during degassing. A void study correlates the increase in voids to the decrease in strain response. A model is used to correlate analysis with experimental results within 10% accuracy and shows that an optimal volume fraction exists based on the properties of the binder. Using a Polyscience Spurr low- viscosity (60 cps) binder this volume fraction is nominally 20%; this optimum is attributed to the balance of epoxy contracting on the particle (built-in preload) and the actuation delivered by the magnetostrictive material. In addition to the connectivity, resin, void, and volume-fraction study, particle size and gradation studies are presented. Widely dispersed (<106, <212, <300 μm), narrowly dispersed (<45, (90-106), (275-300) μm), and an optimized bimodal (18.7% of (45-90) μm with 81.3% of (250-300) μm) particle distributions are studied. Results show that the larger the particle size, the higher the magnetostrictive response; this is attributed to the reduction of
Giant magnetofossils and hyperthermal events
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chang, Liao; Roberts, Andrew P.; Williams, Wyn; Fitz Gerald, John D.; Larrasoaña, Juan C.; Jovane, Luigi; Muxworthy, Adrian R.
Magnetotactic bacteria biomineralize magnetic minerals with precisely controlled size, morphology, and stoichiometry. These cosmopolitan bacteria are widely observed in aquatic environments. If preserved after burial, the inorganic remains of magnetotactic bacteria act as magnetofossils that record ancient geomagnetic field variations. They also have potential to provide paleoenvironmental information. In contrast to conventional magnetofossils, giant magnetofossils (most likely produced by eukaryotic organisms) have only been reported once before from Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 55.8 Ma) sediments on the New Jersey coastal plain. Here, using transmission electron microscopic observations, we present evidence for abundant giant magnetofossils, including previously reported elongated prisms and spindles, and new giant bullet-shaped magnetite crystals, in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica, not only during the PETM, but also shortly before and after the PETM. Moreover, we have discovered giant bullet-shaped magnetite crystals from the equatorial Indian Ocean during the Mid-Eocene Climatic Optimum (˜40 Ma). Our results indicate a more widespread geographic, environmental, and temporal distribution of giant magnetofossils in the geological record with a link to "hyperthermal" events. Enhanced global weathering during hyperthermals, and expanded suboxic diagenetic environments, probably provided more bioavailable iron that enabled biomineralization of giant magnetofossils. Our micromagnetic modelling indicates the presence of magnetic multi-domain (i.e., not ideal for navigation) and single domain (i.e., ideal for navigation) structures in the giant magnetite particles depending on their size, morphology and spatial arrangement. Different giant magnetite crystal morphologies appear to have had different biological functions, including magnetotaxis and other non-navigational purposes. Our observations suggest that hyperthermals provided ideal conditions for
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Efremov, Yu. N.; Efremov, E. Yu.
Common star complexes are huge (0.3-1 kpc in diameter) groups of relatively young stars, associations and clusters. The complexes usually form regular chains along spiral arms of grand design galaxies, being evidently formed and supported by magneto- gravitational instability developing along an arm. Special attention is given to a few large complexes which have signatures of gravitational boundness, such as round shape and high central density. Concentrations of stars and clusters in such a complex in M51 galaxy were found in this paper; we concluded it is possible to suggest that the complex is gravitationally bound. It is also stressed that some properties of the giant complex in NGC 6946 (such as its semicircular and sharp Western edge) are still enigmatic.
Sanger, Claire; Wong, Lindsey; Wood, Jeyhan; David, Lisa R; Argenta, Louis C
Lymphatic malformation (LM) is a benign cystic entity resulting from aberrant lymphatic drainage. Often evident at birth, most LMs have declared themselves by 2 years of age. They can be concerning when they occur near vital structures such as the airway or orbit. The natural history varies considerable from spontaneous gradual regression to long-term growth and debilitation. Depending on the location, structures involved, and clinical course of the LM, therapeutic options include observation, intralesional sclerosis, laser therapy, and surgical excision. The literature provides guidelines for treatment options that must be carefully applied to the facial region. We present a newborn infant who presented to our institution with giant facial lymphangioma who underwent a combination of sclerosis, laser ablation, and surgery with reconstruction. PMID:21772195
El Mejjad, Amine; Fekak, Hamid; Dakir, Mohamed; Sarf, Ismail; Manni, Ahmed; Meziane, Fethi
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign, non-secreting tumour composed of adipose and haematopoietic tissue. The authors report a rare case of giant adrenal myelolipoma in a 53-year-old patient presenting with low back pain and a palpable flank mass on examination. CT scan suggested the diagnosis and surgical resection was indicated in view of the size and symptomatic nature of this mass. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The outcome was favourable without recurrence after a follow-up of one year. The diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma is based on radiology. Conservative management is generally sufficient for small asymptomatic tumours, but resection is required for large (> 5 cm) and/or symptomatic tumours. PMID:15098761
Tortorelli, Antonio Pio; Rosa, Fausto; Papa, Valerio; Alfieri, Sergio; Doglietto, Giovanni Battista
We present the case of a 73-year-old man affected by progressive and painful abdominal distension and paresthesia/hypoesthesia at the left leg. US and CT-scan revealed the presence in the left retroperitoneum of a large cystic mass without parietal thickening or enhancement after contrast injection. This mass disappeared after positioning a vesical Foley's catheter and a retrograde cystography confirmed the suspected diagnosis of a large bladder diverticulum due to a severe prostatic hypertrophy; the patient underwent an open diverticulectomy and endoscopic prostatic resection. Bladder diverticula can occasionally appear as complex pelvic masses not obviously connected to the bladder, eventually leading to diagnostic confusion; while small size diverticulum resolves with relief of bladder outlet obstruction, open or laparoscopic diverticulectomy is needed in large size diverticulum if symptomatic, even considering the possible tumor harboring. PMID:21229344
Pediatric Abdominal Pain: An Emergency Medicine Perspective.
Smith, Jeremiah; Fox, Sean M
Abdominal pain is a common complaint that leads to pediatric patients seeking emergency care. The emergency care provider has the arduous task of determining which child likely has a benign cause and not missing the devastating condition that needs emergent attention. This article reviews common benign causes of abdominal pain as well as some of the cannot-miss emergent causes. PMID:27133248
Hypoxia inhibits abdominal expiratory nerve activity.
Fregosi, R F; Knuth, S L; Ward, D K; Bartlett, D
Our purpose was to examine the influence of steady-state changes in chemical stimuli, as well as discrete peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation, on abdominal expiratory motor activity. In decerebrate, paralyzed, vagotomized, and ventilated cats that had bilateral pneumothoraces, we recorded efferent activity from a phrenic nerve and from an abdominal nerve (cranial iliohypogastric nerve, L1). All cats showed phasic expiratory abdominal nerve discharge at normocapnia [end-tidal PCO2 38 +/- 2 Torr], but small doses (2-6 mg/kg) of pentobarbital sodium markedly depressed this activity. Hyperoxic hypercapnia consistently enhanced abdominal expiratory activity and shortened the burst duration. Isocapnic hypoxia caused inhibition of abdominal nerve discharge in 11 of 13 cats. Carotid sinus nerve denervation (3 cats) exacerbated the hypoxic depression of abdominal nerve activity and depressed phrenic motor output. Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors with NaCN increased abdominal nerve discharge in 7 of 10 cats, although 2 cats exhibited marked inhibition. Four cats with intact neuraxis, but anesthetized with ketamine, yielded qualitatively similar results. We conclude that when cats are subjected to steady-state chemical stimuli in isolation (no interference from proprioceptive inputs), hypercapnia potentiates, but hypoxia attenuates, abdominal expiratory nerve activity. Mechanisms to explain the selective inhibition of expiratory motor activity by hypoxia are proposed, and physiological implications are discussed. PMID:3624126
Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) for treatment of uterine leiomyomas: 750 myomas were treated by LITT and the results over a five-year period are analyzed
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chapman, Roxana
Approximately 750 leiomyomas of 250 symptomatic patients were treated by LITT over a five-year period. Only 12% were lost to follow-up. Most were treated by a combination of the KTP/YAG laser, rarely by one or the other alone, and a few with the diode laser. The fiber optic was inserted 2 cm apart and, depending on the size of the tumor, 480 - 20,000 Joules were required. Most were treated laparoscopically but very large myomas were treated percutaneously under ultrasound control. Symptoms were nearly always relieved and the six failures were found to be due to unrecognized adenomyosis and other associated pathology. Half the patients complaining of infertility became pregnant and, in those whose only pathology had been leiomyomas it approached 90%. Vaginal delivery was not found to be contraindicated. Finally, oestrogen receptors and epidermal growth factor were found to be destroyed. It is concluded that LITT enables leiomyomas of all sizes and locations to be treated by a minimally invasive method with preservation of the uterus.
Autotransfusion utilization in abdominal trauma.
Smith, L A; Barker, D E; Burns, R P
The purpose of this review is to investigate the utility of autotransfusion in trauma patients in the past 3 years. A retrospective review was conducted of the charts for whom the Haemonetics Cell Saver autotransfusion device (Haemonetics Corp., Natick, MA) was utilized between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1995. The estimated blood loss and quantity of blood transfused were noted for abdominal trauma patients. Costs of autotransfusion were then compared to estimated blood bank costs for this group. The Haemonetics Cell Saver autotransfusion device was requested for 592 cases from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1995. Nonorthopedic trauma cases comprised 25 per cent of all autotransfusion cases. One hundred twenty-six patients had isolated abdominal trauma and had a mean estimated blood loss of 4864 +/- 6070 cc. The average volume of intraoperatively salvaged autologous blood transfused (autotransfusion) per patient was 1547 +/- 2359 cc, or a bank blood equivalent of 6.9 units of packed red blood cells. The total cost of autotransfusion in these patients was $63,252.00. Had bank blood been used instead of salvaged autologous blood, the cost would have been $114,523.00; thus, autotransfusion resulted in a savings of $51,271.00. The use of salvaged autologous blood comprised 45 per cent of total blood transfused. On a case-by-case basis, 75 per cent of cases were cost-effective compared to blood bank costs for an equivalent transfusion. Transfusion of intraoperatively salvaged autologous blood (autotransfusion) is a cost-effective, efficient way to provide blood products to operative trauma patients. PMID:8985070
Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Marley, Mark
The next decade will almost certainly see the direct imaging of extrasolar giant planets around nearby stars. Unlike purely radial velocity detections, direct imaging will open the door to characterizing the atmosphere and interiors of extrasola planets and ultimately provide clues on their formation and evolution through time. This process has already begun for the transiting planets, placing new constraints on their atmospheric structure, composition, and evolution. Indeed the key to understanding giant planet detectability, interpreting spectra, and constraining effective temperature and hence evolution-is the atmosphere. I will review the universe of extrasolar giant planet models, focusing on what we have already learned from modeling and what we will likely be able to learn from the first generation of direct detection data. In addition to these theoretical considerations, I will review the observations and interpretation of the - transiting hot Jupiters. These objects provide a test of our ability to model exotic atmospheres and challenge our current understanding of giant planet evolution.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Pleistocene megafauna extinction erased a group of remarkable animals. Whether humans had a prominent role in the extinction remains controversial, but it is emerging that the disappearance of the giants has markedly affected the environment.
Pharma giants swap research programs.
Pharmaceutical giants Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) agreed in late April to swap some assets, with Novartis handing off its vaccine business to GSK and getting most of the British company's cancer portfolio in return. PMID:25002632
Multiple giant diverticula of the jejunum causing intestinal obstruction: report of a case and review of the literature
Multiple diverticulosis of jejunum represents an uncommon pathology of the small bowel. The disease is usually asymptomatic and must be taken into consideration in cases of unexplained malabsorption, anemia, chronic abdominal pain or discomfort. Related complications such as diverticulitis, perforation, bleeding or intestinal obstruction appear in 10-30% of the patients increasing morbidity and mortality rates. We herein report a case of a 55 year-old man presented at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. Preoperative radiological examination followed by laparotomy revealed multiple giant jejunal diverticula causing intestinal obstruction. We also review the literature for this uncommon disease. PMID:21385440
Kuiper Prize: Giant Planet Atmospheres
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ingersoll, Andrew P.
The study of giant planet atmospheres is near and dear to me, for several reasons. First, the giant planets are photogenic; the colored clouds are great tracers, and one can make fantastic movies of the atmosphere in motion. Second, the giant planets challenge us with storms that last for hundreds of years and winds that blow faster the farther you go from the sun. Third, they remind us of Earth with their hurricanes, auroras, and lightning, but they also are the link to the 200 giant planets that have been discovered around other stars. This talk will cover the past, present, and future (one hopes) of giant planet research. I will review the surprises of the Voyager and Galileo eras, and will discuss what we are learning now from the Cassini orbiter. I will review the prospects for answering the outstanding questions like: Where's the water? What is providing the colors of the clouds? How deep do the features extend? Where do the winds get their energy? What is the role of the magnetic field? Finally, I will briefly discuss how extrasolar giant planets compare with objects in our own solar system.
[The patient with intra-abdominal hypertension].
Sakka, Samir G
An intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) defined as a pathological increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is commonly found on ICU admission or during the ICU stay. Several studies confirmed that an IAH is an independent predictor for mortality of critically ill patients. The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) which is defined as a sustained IAP>20 mmHg (with or without an abdominal perfusion pressure [APP]<60mmHg) that is associated with new organ dysfunction or failure has a mortality of up to 60%. In general, an IAH may be induced by several intra-abdominal as well as extra-abdominal conditions. Reduced abdominal wall compliance, intra-abdominal pathologies (either of the peritoneal space or parenchymateous organs) may lead to an IAH. Most commonly, intra-abdominal infections and/or sepsis and severe trauma or burns are predisposing for an IAH. An early sign may be a decrease in urinary output. The effects of an increased IAP on cardiovascular function are well recognized and include negative effects on preload, afterload and contractility. However, all other compartments of the body may be affected by an IAH. Thus, by an increase of the respective compartment pressure, e.g. intracranial pressure, a poly-compartment syndrome may result. Adequate prevention, a forward-looking strategy, and objective techniques for measurement of IAP are required to avoid or early detect an IAH or ACS. Finally, an immediate and consequent interdisciplinary management using conservative, interventional and operative options are necessary to solve an IAH or ACS. PMID:26863642
Management of Giant Ventral Hernia by Polypropylene Mesh and Host Tissue Barrier: Trial of Simplification
Ammar, Samir A.
Background Surgical management of giant ventral hernias is a surgical challenge due to limited abdominal cavity. This study evaluates management of giant ventral hernias using polypropylene mesh and host tissue barrier after suitable preoperative preparation. Methods In the period from January 2005 and January 2007, 35 patients with giant ventral hernias underwent hernia repair. After careful preoperative preparation, repair was done using polypropylene mesh. The mesh was separated from the viscera by a small part of the hernia sac and the greater omentum. Results The average age of the patients was 52. Twenty patients had post-operative incisional and 15 had para-umbilical hernias. The mean hernia defect size was 16.8 cm. Mean body mass index was 33. Follow up ranged from 18-36 months. No patient required ventilation after operation. Recurrent seroma, which responded to repeated aspiration, was experienced in 4 patients. Minor wound infection was observed in 5 patients. Small hernia recurrence occurred in one patient. Conclusion The use of polypropylene and host tissue barrier after suitable preoperative preparation is relatively simple, safe, and reliable surgical solution to the problem of giant ventral hernia. Keywords Hernia repair; Giant ventral hernia; Polypropylene mesh PMID:22461873
Abdominal Pain in the Geriatric Patient.
Leuthauser, Amy; McVane, Benjamin
Abdominal pain in the elderly can be a challenging and difficult condition to diagnose and treat. The geriatric population has significant comorbidities and often takes polypharmacy that can mask symptoms. The presentation of common conditions can be different than that in the younger population, often lacking the traditional indicators of disease, making it of pivotal importance for the clinician to consider a wide differential during their workup. It is also important to consider extra-abdominal abnormality that may manifest as abdominal pain. PMID:27133249
Chylous Ascites after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Ohki, Shinichi; Kurumisawa, Soki
A 73-year-old man was transferred for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. He had no history of abdominal surgeries. Grafting between the infra-renal abdominal aorta and the bilateral common iliac arteries was performed. Proximal and distal cross clamps were applied for grafting. He developed chylous ascites on the 5th post-operative day, 2 days after initiation of oral intake. Fortunately, he responded to treatment with total parenteral hyper-alimentation for 10 days, followed by a low-fat diet. There was no recurrence of ascites. PMID:27087873
Chylous Ascites after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.
Ohki, Shinichi; Kurumisawa, Soki; Misawa, Yoshio
A 73-year-old man was transferred for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. He had no history of abdominal surgeries. Grafting between the infra-renal abdominal aorta and the bilateral common iliac arteries was performed. Proximal and distal cross clamps were applied for grafting. He developed chylous ascites on the 5th post-operative day, 2 days after initiation of oral intake. Fortunately, he responded to treatment with total parenteral hyper-alimentation for 10 days, followed by a low-fat diet. There was no recurrence of ascites. PMID:27087873
[Diagnostic laparocentesis in closed abdominal injury].
Berkutov, A N; Deriabin, I I; Zakurdaev, V E
To improve the diagnosis of closed abdominal trauma since 1966 the authors have been widely employing laparocentesis. The results of using abdominal punctures an 260 patients are reported. The method proved to be reliable in 97.7%. The use of laparocentesis enabled the authors to reduce the number of errors by 7.3 times, to shorten the terms of establishing the diagnosis by 4 times as compared with the control group of patients (190 subjects in whom the recognition of abdominal injuries is based on common clinical symptoms). PMID:136785
Combined subcutaneous, intrathoracic and abdominal splenosis.
Javadrashid, Reza; Paak, Neda; Salehi, Ahad
We report a case of combined subcutaneous, intrathoracic, and abdominal splenosis who presented with attacks of flushing, tachycardia and vague abdominal pain. The patient's past medical history included a splenectomy due to abdominal trauma and years later, a lung lobectomy due to recurrent pneumonia. An enhancing solid mass adjacent to the upper pole of the left kidney and nodular pleural based lesions in the left hemi-thorax along with nodular lesions in subcutaneous tissue of the left chest wall suggested possible adrenal malignancy with multiple metastases. Histopathologic examination demonstrated benign lesions of ectopic splenic tissue. PMID:20804314
Shunmugam, Manoharan; Ang, Ghee Soon; Lois, Noemi
A giant retinal tear (GRT) is a full-thickness neurosensory retinal break that extends circumferentially around the retina for three or more clock hours in the presence of a posteriorly detached vitreous. Its incidence in large population-based studies has been estimated as 1.5% of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, with a significant male preponderance, and bilaterality in 12.8%. Most GRTs are idiopathic, with trauma, hereditary vitreoretinopathies and high myopia each being causative in decreasing frequency. The vast majority of GRTs are currently managed with a pars plana vitrectomy; the use of adjunctive circumferential scleral buckling is debated, but no studies have shown a clear anatomical or visual advantage with its use. Similarly, silicone oil tamponade does not influence long-term outcomes when compared with gas. Primary and final retinal reattachment rates are achieved in 88% and 95% of patients, respectively. Even when the retina remains attached, however, visual recovery may be limited. Furthermore, fellow eyes of patients with a GRT are at higher risk of developing retinal tears and retinal detachment. Prophylactic treatment under these circumstances may be considered but there is no firm evidence of its efficacy at the present time. PMID:24138895
Yaman, İsmail; Derici, Hayrullah; Demirpolat, Gülen
Colon lipomas are rare, non-epithelial tumors. They are generally smaller than two centimeters and asymptomatic, they are incidentally diagnosed and do not require treatment. Large and symptomatic colon lipomas are rather rare. Its differential diagnosis is generally made by histopathological examination of the resected specimen. A fifty-year-old female patient presented with the symptoms of abdominal pain, swelling in the abdomen and loss of weight. During colonoscopy, there was a submucosal mass of 8×6 cm, which almost completely obstructed the lumen in the hepatic flexure and was covered by a mucosa that was sporadically ulcerated and necrotic in nature. In magnetic resonance imaging, an ovoid mass with a diameter of 8.5 cm at its widest dimension was detected, which had signal intensity similar to that of adipose tissue. Since the patient was symptomatic and differential diagnosis could not be made, she underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. A submucosal lipoma was detected on histopathological examination of the specimen. The patient was discharged without any problems on post-operative day 7. Definite diagnosis of lipomas before surgery is challenging; they may be mistaken for malignancy, especially if the lesion is large and ulcerated. For large and symptomatic colon lipomas, surgery is required to both prevent complications and rule out malignancy. PMID:26170744
Imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Sparks, Amy R; Johnson, Philip L; Meyer, Mark C
Given the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), accurate diagnosis and preoperative evaluation are essential for improved patient outcomes. Ultrasonography is the standard method of screening and monitoring AAAs that have not ruptured. In the past, aortography was commonly used for preoperative planning in the repair of AAAs. More recently, computed tomography (CT) has largely replaced older, more invasive methods. Recent advances in CT imaging technology, such as helical CT and CT angiography, offer significant advantages over traditional CT. These methods allow for more rapid scans and can produce three-dimensional images of the AAA and important adjacent vascular structures. Use of endovascular stent grafts has increased recently and is less invasive for the repair of AAAs in selected cases. Aortography and CT angiography can precisely determine the size and surrounding anatomy of the AAA to identify appropriate candidates for the use of endovascular stent grafts. Helical CT and CT angiography represent an exciting future in the preoperative evaluation of AAAs. However, this technology is not the standard of care because of the lack of widespread availability, the cost associated with obtaining new equipment, and the lack of universal protocols necessary for acquisition and reconstruction of these images. PMID:11989632
A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid.
Nilsson, Dan-Eric; Warrant, Eric J; Johnsen, Sönke; Hanlon, Roger; Shashar, Nadav
Giant and colossal deep-sea squid (Architeuthis and Mesonychoteuthis) have the largest eyes in the animal kingdom [1, 2], but there is no explanation for why they would need eyes that are nearly three times the diameter of those of any other extant animal. Here we develop a theory for visual detection in pelagic habitats, which predicts that such giant eyes are unlikely to evolve for detecting mates or prey at long distance but are instead uniquely suited for detecting very large predators, such as sperm whales. We also provide photographic documentation of an eyeball of about 27 cm with a 9 cm pupil in a giant squid, and we predict that, below 600 m depth, it would allow detection of sperm whales at distances exceeding 120 m. With this long range of vision, giant squid get an early warning of approaching sperm whales. Because the sonar range of sperm whales exceeds 120 m [3-5], we hypothesize that a well-prepared and powerful evasive response to hunting sperm whales may have driven the evolution of huge dimensions in both eyes and bodies of giant and colossal squid. Our theory also provides insights into the vision of Mesozoic ichthyosaurs with unusually large eyes. PMID:22425154
The Tribolium homeotic gene Abdominal is homologous to abdominal-A of the Drosophila bithorax complex
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Stuart, J. J.; Brown, S. J.; Beeman, R. W.; Denell, R. E.; Spooner, B. S. (Principal Investigator)
The Abdominal gene is a member of the single homeotic complex of the beetle, Tribolium castaneum. An integrated developmental genetic and molecular analysis shows that Abdominal is homologous to the abdominal-A gene of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. abdominal-A mutant embryos display strong homeotic transformations of the anterior abdomen (parasegments 7-9) to PS6, whereas developmental commitments in the posterior abdomen depend primarily on Abdominal-B. In beetle embryos lacking Abdominal function, parasegments throughout the abdomen are transformed to PS6. This observation demonstrates the general functional significance of parasegmental expression among insects and shows that the control of determinative decisions in the posterior abdomen by homeotic selector genes has undergone considerable evolutionary modification.
Genetics Home Reference: abdominal wall defect
... size and can usually be diagnosed early in fetal development, typically between the tenth and fourteenth weeks of ... organs at the abdominal wall opening late in fetal development may also contribute to organ injury. Intestinal damage ...
Abdominal pain - children under age 12
Stomach pain in children; Pain - abdomen - children; Abdominal cramps in children; Belly ache in children ... this kind of pain when they have a stomach virus, indigestion, gas, or when they become constipated. ...
Familial abdominal chemodectomas with associated cutaneous angiolipomas.
Lee, S P; Nicholson, G I; Hitchcock, G
The occurrence of cutaneous angiolipomas and intra-abdominal retroperitoneal chemodectomas in two brothers is described. Both died from malignant dissemination of the chemodectomas. It is possible but speculative that two other brothers suffered from the same syndrome. PMID:195258
Correlation between intra-abdominal pressure and pulmonary volumes after superior and inferior abdominal surgery
de Cleva, Roberto; de Assumpção, Marianna Siqueira; Sasaya, Flavia; Chaves, Natalia Zuniaga; Santo, Marco Aurelio; Fló, Claudia; Lunardi, Adriana C.; Filho, Wilson Jacob
OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing abdominal surgery are at risk for pulmonary complications. The principal cause of postoperative pulmonary complications is a significant reduction in pulmonary volumes (FEV1 and FVC) to approximately 65-70% of the predicted value. Another frequent occurrence after abdominal surgery is increased intra-abdominal pressure. The aim of this study was to correlate changes in pulmonary volumes with the values of intra-abdominal pressure after abdominal surgery, according to the surgical incision in the abdomen (superior or inferior). METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 60 patients who underwent elective open abdominal surgery with a surgical time greater than 240 minutes. Patients were evaluated before surgery and on the 3rd postoperative day. Spirometry was assessed by maximal respiratory maneuvers and flow-volume curves. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured in the postoperative period using the bladder technique. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 56±13 years, and 41.6% 25 were female; 50 patients (83.3%) had malignant disease. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical incision (superior or inferior). The lung volumes in the preoperative period showed no abnormalities. After surgery, there was a significant reduction in both FEV1 (1.6±0.6 L) and FVC (2.0±0.7 L) with maintenance of FEV1/FVC of 0.8±0.2 in both groups. The maximum intra-abdominal pressure values were similar (p = 0.59) for the two groups. There was no association between pulmonary volumes and intra-abdominal pressure measured in any of the groups analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that superior and inferior abdominal surgery determines hypoventilation, unrelated to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Patients at high risk of pulmonary complications should receive respiratory care even if undergoing inferior abdominal surgery. PMID:25029580
Progress in Fully Automated Abdominal CT Interpretation
Summers, Ronald M.
OBJECTIVE Automated analysis of abdominal CT has advanced markedly over just the last few years. Fully automated assessment of organs, lymph nodes, adipose tissue, muscle, bowel, spine, and tumors are some examples where tremendous progress has been made. Computer-aided detection of lesions has also improved dramatically. CONCLUSION This article reviews the progress and provides insights into what is in store in the near future for automated analysis for abdominal CT, ultimately leading to fully automated interpretation. PMID:27101207
Using abdominal massage in bowel management.
Connor, Michelle; Hunt, Catherine; Lindley, Alison; Adams, John
This article describes the introduction of abdominal massage techniques by a community team as part of a total bowel management programme for people with learning disabilities. A trust-wide audit of prescribed laxative use by this client group raised concerns, and led to a more systematic approach to managing constipation in people with learning disabilities. An education programme for carers proved to be successful. Some reported that adopting abdominal massage provided further opportunity to develop the therapeutic relationship. PMID:25005415
Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta.
Barchiche, R; Bové, T; Demanet, H; Goldstein, J P; Deuvaert, F E
A traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta is a rare entity, occurring as the result of a missed aortic lesion at the time of the initial injury. Therefore, clinical suspicion and careful abdominal exploration at first laparotomy is mandatory to prevent aortic pseudoaneurysm formation and its risk of delayed rupture. We present a case of successful surgical treatment of a suprarenal aortic false aneurysm, presenting 4 weeks after a life-threatening gunshot wound in a 13-year-old child. PMID:10499389
A focus on intra-abdominal infections
Complicated intra-abdominal infections are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in higher risk patients. Well defined evidence-based recommendations for intra-abdominal infections treatment are partially lacking because of the limited number of randomized-controlled trials. Factors consistently associated with poor outcomes in patients with intra-abdominal infections include increased illness severity, failed source control, inadequate empiric antimicrobial therapy and healthcare-acquired infection. Early prognostic evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections is important to select high-risk patients for more aggressive therapeutic procedures. The cornerstones in the management of complicated intra-abdominal infections are both source control and antibiotic therapy. The timing and the adequacy of source control are the most important issues in the management of intra-abdominal infections, because inadequate and late control of septic source may have a negative effect on the outcomes. Recent advances in interventional and more aggressive techniques could significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of physiologically severe complicated intra-abdominal infections, even if these are still being debated and are yet not validated by limited prospective trials. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is nevertheless important in the overall management of intra-abdominal infections. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy may result in poor patient outcomes and in the appearance of bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial management is generally standardised and many regimens, either with monotherapy or combination therapy, have proven their efficacy. Routine coverage especially against Enterococci and candida spp is not always recommended, but can be useful in particular clinical conditions. A de escalation approach may be recommended in patients with specific risk factors for multidrug resistant infections such as
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Magni, G.; Coradini, A.
In this presentation we address the problem of the formation of giant planets and their regular satellites. We study in particular the problem of formation of the Jupiter System comparing the results of the model with the present characteristics of the system, in order to identify what are those better represented by our approach. In fact here, using a 3-D hydro-dynamical code, we study the modalities of gas accretion onto a solid core, believed to be the seed from which Jupiter started. To do that we have modelled three main regions: the central planet, a turbulent accretion disk surrounding it and an extended region from which the gas is collected. In the extended region we treat the gas as a frictionless fluid. Our main goal is to identify what are the characteristics of the planet during its growth and the physical parameters affecting its growth at the expenses of the nebular gas present in the feeding zone. Moreover we want to understand what are the thermodynamical parameters characterizing the gas captured by the planet and swirling around it. Finally, we check if a disk can be formed in prograde rotation around the planet and if this disk can survive the final phases of the planet formation. Due to the interaction between the accreting planet and the disk it has been necessary to develop a complete model of the Jupiter's structure. In fact the radiation emitted by the growing planet heats up the surrounding gas. In turn the planet's thermodynamic structure depend on the mass accretion rate onto it. When the accretion is rapid, shock waves in the gas are formed close to the planet. This region cannot be safely treated by a numerical code; for this reason we have developed a semi-analytically model of a a turbulent accretion disk to be considered as transition between the planet and the surrounding disk.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kissin, Yevgeni; Thompson, Christopher
The internal rotation of post-main sequence stars is investigated, in response to the convective pumping of angular momentum toward the stellar core, combined with a tight magnetic coupling between core and envelope. The spin evolution is calculated using model stars of initial mass 1, 1.5, and 5 {M}⊙ , taking into account mass loss on the giant branches. We also include the deposition of orbital angular momentum from a sub-stellar companion, as influenced by tidal drag along with the excitation of orbital eccentricity by a fluctuating gravitational quadrupole moment. A range of angular velocity profiles {{Ω }}(r) is considered in the envelope, extending from solid rotation to constant specific angular momentum. We focus on the backreaction of the Coriolis force, and the threshold for dynamo action in the inner envelope. Quantitative agreement with measurements of core rotation in subgiants and post-He core flash stars by Kepler is obtained with a two-layer angular velocity profile: uniform specific angular momentum where the Coriolis parameter {Co}\\equiv {{Ω }}{τ }{con}≲ 1 (here {τ }{con} is the convective time), and {{Ω }}(r)\\propto {r}-1 where {Co}≳ 1. The inner profile is interpreted in terms of a balance between the Coriolis force and angular pressure gradients driven by radially extended convective plumes. Inward angular momentum pumping reduces the surface rotation of subgiants, and the need for a rejuvenated magnetic wind torque. The co-evolution of internal magnetic fields and rotation is considered in Kissin & Thompson, along with the breaking of the rotational coupling between core and envelope due to heavy mass loss.
Factors associated with abdominal obesity in children
Melzer, Matheus Ribeiro Theodósio Fernandes; Magrini, Isabella Mastrangi; Domene, Semíramis Martins Álvares; Martins, Paula Andrea
Objective: To identify the association of dietary, socioeconomic factors, sedentary behaviors and maternal nutritional status with abdominal obesity in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with household-based survey, in 36 randomly selected census tracts in the city of Santos, SP. 357 families were interviewed and questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were applied in mothers and their 3-10 years-old children. Assessment of abdominal obesity was made by maternal and child's waist circumference measurement; for classification used cut-off points proposed by World Health Organization (1998) and Taylor et al. (2000) were applied. The association between variables was performed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: 30.5% of children had abdominal obesity. Associations with children's and maternal nutritional status and high socioeconomic status were shown in the univariate analysis. In the regression model, children's body mass index for age (OR=93.7; 95%CI 39.3-223.3), female gender (OR=4.1; 95%CI 1.8-9.3) and maternal abdominal obesity (OR=2.7; 95%CI 1.2-6.0) were significantly associated with children's abdominal obesity, regardless of the socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity in children seems to be associated with maternal nutritional status, other indicators of their own nutritional status and female gender. Intervention programs for control of childhood obesity and prevention of metabolic syndrome should consider the interaction of the nutritional status of mothers and their children. PMID:26298655
Combination effect of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms on uterine leiomyoma: A case-control study.
Salimi, Saeedeh; Sajadian, Mojtaba; Khodamian, Maryam; Yazdi, Atefeh; Rezaee, Soodabeh; Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh, Abbas; Mokhtari, Mojgan; Yaghmaie, Minoo
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is an estrogen-dependent neoplasm of the uterus, and estrogen metabolizing enzymes affect its progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene and UL risk. The study consisted of 105 patients with UL and 112 healthy women as controls. Ile462Val (A/G) and Asp449Asp (T/C) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, respectively. The findings indicated no association between Ile462Val (A/G) and Asp449Asp (T/C) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene and UL (p < 0.05). However, the combination effect of TT/AG genotypes of the Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms was associated with 4.3-fold higher risk of UL. In addition, haplotype analysis revealed that TG haplotype of the Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms could increase the UL risk nearly 4.9-fold. Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene were not associated with UL susceptibility; however, the combination of the TT/AG genotypes and TG haplotype could increase the UL risk. PMID:27333216
The Natural History of Uterine Leiomyomas: Light and Electron Microscopic Studies of Fibroid Phases, Interstitial Ischemia, Inanosis, and Reclamation
Flake, Gordon P.; Moore, Alicia B.; Sutton, Deloris; Kissling, Grace E.; Horton, John; Wicker, Benita; Walmer, David; Robboy, Stanley J.; Dixon, Darlene
We propose, and offer evidence to support, the concept that many uterine leiomyomas pursue a self-limited life cycle. This cycle can be arbitrarily divided on the basis of morphologic assessment of the collagen content into 4 phases: (1) proliferation, (2) proliferation and synthesis of collagen, (3) proliferation, synthesis of collagen, and early senescence, and (4) involution. Involution occurs as a result of both vascular and interstitial ischemia. Interstitial ischemia is the consequence of the excessive elaboration of collagen, resulting in reduced microvascular density, increased distance between myocytes and capillaries, nutritional deprivation, and myocyte atrophy. The end stage of this process is an involuted tumor with a predominance of collagen, little to no proliferative activity, myocyte atrophy, and myocyte cell death. Since many of the dying cells exhibit light microscopic and ultrastructural features that appear distinct from either necrosis or apoptosis, we refer to this process as inanosis, because it appears that nutritional deprivation, or inanition, is the underlying cause of cell death. The disposal of myocytes dying by inanosis also differs in that there is no phagocytic reaction, but rather an apparent dissolution of the cell, which might be viewed as a process of reclamation as the molecular contents are reclaimed and recycled. PMID:24348569
Characterization of soluble cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases and partial purification of a major form in human leiomyoma of the uterus.
Robinson, M F; Levin, J; Savage, N
Human leiomyoma of the uterus contained seven forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in the crude cytosol as revealed by a specific activity stain on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzymes from human myometrium and normal uterus showed an identical activity pattern. Ferguson plot analysis showed four different molecular weight species of Mr 229,000 +/- 4,000, 186,000 +/- 4,000, 174,000 +/- 4,000 and 162,000 +/- 4,000. The Mr 174,000 species comprised four differently charged forms. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the crude cytosol revealed the presence of three molecular weight species sedimenting at 11.8S, 8.1S and 3.6S. The Michaelis constant (Km) for the band 1 form which displayed linear kinetics was 5 microM and the band 2 form which produced non-linear kinetics had Km values of 5.8 and 37 microM. PMID:2820644
Low-power interstitial photocoagulation of uterine leiomyomas by KTP/YAG laser: a review of 50 consecutive cases
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chapman, Roxana
Interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP), which is a new method of low power laser destruction of tumors, has been used to treat laparoscopically 50 consecutive patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas which were difficult or impossible to remove via laparoscopy. The KTP/YAG laser, with wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm respectively, was employed. Holes 2 cm apart were drilled with a 600 micrometers quartz laser fiber employing the KTP component at 8 W and subsequent coagulation of the surrounding myoma tissue was accomplished during the withdrawal of the fiber over the course of 10 - 30 s but using the YAG component at 8 W until the whole myoma had been treated. Thirty seven became symptom free and have remained so. Six were lost to follow up. Of 10 complaining of subfertility 4, in whom uterine myomas were the only etiological factor, have become pregnant. Seven patients required further treatment: Two were retreated because their myomas were excessively large and did not completely disappear with the initial ILP, 2 received further ILP because of the development of new myomas and 3 were subjected to laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy at patients' request (2 because of the development of new myomas and 1 because of the development of further endometriosis). Finally, in 7 cases, residual tumor or scar tissue was biopsied and examined for the presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors. None was discovered and in 2 subsequent pregnancy did not cause further growth of residual myoma tissue.
Combination effect of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms on uterine leiomyoma: A case-control study
Salimi, Saeedeh; Sajadian, Mojtaba; Khodamian, Maryam; Yazdi, Atefeh; Rezaee, Soodabeh; Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh, Abbas; Mokhtari, Mojgan; Yaghmaie, Minoo
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is an estrogen-dependent neoplasm of the uterus, and estrogen metabolizing enzymes affect its progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene and UL risk. The study consisted of 105 patients with UL and 112 healthy women as controls. Ile462Val (A/G) and Asp449Asp (T/C) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, respectively. The findings indicated no association between Ile462Val (A/G) and Asp449Asp (T/C) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene and UL (p < 0.05). However, the combination effect of TT/AG genotypes of the Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms was associated with 4.3-fold higher risk of UL. In addition, haplotype analysis revealed that TG haplotype of the Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms could increase the UL risk nearly 4.9-fold. Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene were not associated with UL susceptibility; however, the combination of the TT/AG genotypes and TG haplotype could increase the UL risk.
Combination effect of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene polymorphisms on uterine leiomyoma: A case-control study.
Salimi, Saeedeh; Sajadian, Mojtaba; Khodamian, Maryam; Yazdi, Atefeh; Rezaee, Soodabeh; Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh, Abbas; Mokhtari, Mojgan; Yaghmaie, Minoo
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is an estrogen-dependent neoplasm of the uterus, and estrogen metabolizing enzymes affect its progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene and UL risk. The study consisted of 105 patients with UL and 112 healthy women as controls. Ile462Val (A/G) and Asp449Asp (T/C) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, respectively. The findings indicated no association between Ile462Val (A/G) and Asp449Asp (T/C) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene and UL (p < 0.05). However, the combination effect of TT/AG genotypes of the Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms was associated with 4.3-fold higher risk of UL. In addition, haplotype analysis revealed that TG haplotype of the Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms could increase the UL risk nearly 4.9-fold. Asp449Asp (T/C) and Ile462Val (A/G) polymorphisms of CYP1A1 gene were not associated with UL susceptibility; however, the combination of the TT/AG genotypes and TG haplotype could increase the UL risk. PMID:27483179
Giant ileocolic intussusception in an adult induced by a double ileal lipoma: a case report with pathologic correlation.
Kraniotis, Pantelis; Pastromas, Georgios; Tsota, Irene; Patsoura, Maria; Petsas, Theodore
Intussusception in adults is rare, accounting for less than 5% of all cases. Unlike the childhood variant, adult intussusception is often associated with a small bowel lesion acting as the "lead point." We herein report an uncommon case of giant intussusception secondary to 2 separate lipomatous lesions located in the ileum, in an adult admitted to our hospital for acute severe abdominal pain. PMID:27594938
Genes and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Hinterseher, Irene; Tromp, Gerard; Kuivaniemi, Helena
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Since first candidate gene studies were published 20 years ago, nearly 100 genetic association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in biologically relevant genes have been reported on AAA. The studies investigated SNPs in genes of the extracellular matrix, the cardiovascular system, the immune system, and signaling pathways. Very few studies were large enough to draw firm conclusions and very few results could be replicated in another sample set. The more recent unbiased approaches are family-based DNA linkage studies and genome-wide genetic association studies, which have the potential of identifying the genetic basis for AAA, if appropriately powered and well-characterized large AAA cohorts are used. SNPs associated with AAA have already been identified in these large multicenter studies. One significant association was of a variant in a gene called CNTN3 which is located on chromosome 3p12.3. Two follow-up studies, however, could not replicate the association. Two other SNPs, which are located on chromosome 9p21 and 9q33 were replicated in other samples. The two genes with the strongest supporting evidence of contribution to the genetic risk for AAA are the CDKN2BAS gene, also known as ANRIL, which encodes an antisense RNA that regulates expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival. Functional studies are now needed to establish the mechanisms by which these genes contribute to AAA pathogenesis. PMID:21146954
Omental leiomyosarcoma with unusual giant cells in a Beagle dog - Short communication.
Sasaki, Jun; Toyoshima, Megumi; Okamura, Yasuhiko; Goryo, Masanobu
A 10-year-old castrated male Beagle dog was presented with a 2-month history of intermittent vomiting and abdominal pain. The dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Iwate University for further evaluation, and a splenic tumour was suspected on the basis of ultrasonography and computed tomography. Surgery identified a large, solid, light-pink mass on the greater omentum with blood-coloured ascites in the abdominal cavity, and resection was performed. Microscopically, the mass comprised spindle-shaped tumour cells and scattered osteoclast-like giant cells. Most spindle-shaped cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, and smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), whereas osteoclast-like giant cells were positive only for vimentin. On the basis of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was made. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of leiomyosarcoma associated with osteoclast-like giant cells developing from the greater omentum in a dog. PMID:27342093
Giant lobelias exemplify convergent evolution
Giant lobeliads on tropical mountains in East Africa and Hawaii have highly unusual, giant-rosette growth forms that appear to be convergent on each other and on those of several independently evolved groups of Asteraceae and other families. A recent phylogenetic analysis by Antonelli, based on sequencing the widest selection of lobeliads to date, raises doubts about this paradigmatic example of convergent evolution. Here I address the kinds of evidence needed to test for convergent evolution and argue that the analysis by Antonelli fails on four points. Antonelli's analysis makes several important contributions to our understanding of lobeliad evolution and geographic spread, but his claim regarding convergence appears to be invalid. Giant lobeliads in Hawaii and Africa represent paradigmatic examples of convergent evolution. PMID:20074322
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rathaus, Ben; Itzhaki, Nissan
We study the CMB lensing signature of a pre-inationary particle (PIP), assuming it is responsible for the giant rings anomaly that was found recently in the WMAP data. Simulating Planck-like data we find that generically the CMB lensing signal to noise ratio associated with such a PIP is quite small and it would be difficult to cross correlate the temperature giant rings with the CMB lensing signal. However, if the pre-inationary particle is also responsible for the bulk flow measured from the local large scale structure, which happens to point roughly at the same direction as the giant rings, then the CMB lensing signal to noise ratio is fairly significant.
Structure of giant muscle proteins
Meyer, Logan C.; Wright, Nathan T.
Giant muscle proteins (e.g., titin, nebulin, and obscurin) play a seminal role in muscle elasticity, stretch response, and sarcomeric organization. Each giant protein consists of multiple tandem structural domains, usually arranged in a modular fashion spanning 500 kDa to 4 MDa. Although many of the domains are similar in structure, subtle differences create a unique function of each domain. Recent high and low resolution structural and dynamic studies now suggest more nuanced overall protein structures than previously realized. These findings show that atomic structure, interactions between tandem domains, and intrasarcomeric environment all influence the shape, motion, and therefore function of giant proteins. In this article we will review the current understanding of titin, obscurin, and nebulin structure, from the atomic level through the molecular level. PMID:24376425
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog.
Hiscox, Lorraine A; Dumais, Yvan
Peripheral giant cell granuloma is considered rare in the dog with little known about the clinicopathologic features. There are few reports in the veterinary literature concerning this benign, reactive lesion, formerly known as giant cell epulis. In humans, the four most commonly described reactive epulides are focal fibrous hyperplasia (fibrous epulis), pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. This case report describes the diagnosis and surgical management of a peripheral giant cell granuloma in a dog. PMID:26415387
Giant prosthetic reinforcement of the visceral sac.
Wantz, G E
One hundred and seventy-nine patients with 237 hernias of the groin who were at high risk for recurrence after classic hernioplasty were operated upon; the procedure of giant prosthetic reinforcement of the visceral sac (GPRVS) was used. The patients in this series had predominantly recurrent and re-recurrent hernias. However, a few were obese with bilateral primary direct hernias and some had associated connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. GPRVS eliminates hernias of the groin by rendering the peritoneum inextensible by placing, in the preperitoneal space, a large prosthesis that extends far beyond the borders of the myopectineal orifice. The myopectineal orifice is the weak spot at which all hernias of the groin begin and is bounded by the rectus, oblique abdominal and iliopsoas muscles and the pectin of the pubis. In bilateral GPRVS, the peritoneum of both groins is reinforced with a single prosthesis inserted in the preperitoneal space through the midline. In unilateral GPRVS, the mesh envelops the peritoneum of a single groin. This simplifies the operation and makes it suitable for surgical centers that perform outpatient operations. The prosthesis with the best physical characteristics for GPRVS is Mersilene (polyester fiber). Unsutured prostheses of polypropylene and Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) may not adhere at the far edges, leading to a failure and recurrence. The over-all recurrence rate in this series of problem hernias was 3.7 per cent, which is extremely good. However, the rate becomes outstanding if recurrences resulting from meshes unsuitable for GPRVS are excluded. PMID:2814751
Giant axonal neuropathy: MRS findings.
Alkan, Alpay; Kutlu, Ramazan; Sigirci, Ahmet; Baysal, Tamer; Altinok, Tayfun; Yakinci, Cengiz
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a rare genetic disease of childhood involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. Axonal loss with several giant axons filled with neurofilaments is the main histopathological feature of peripheral nerve biopsies in this disease. Routine neuroimaging studies reveal diffuse hyperintensities in cerebral and cerebellar white matter. In this case report, the authors present the brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic features (normal N-acetylaspartate/creatine and increased choline/creatine and myoinositol/creatine ratios), which might indicate the absence of neuroaxonal loss and the presence of significant demyelination and glial proliferation in white matter, of an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with GAN. PMID:14569833
Chemical Abundances of Symbiotic Giants
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gałan, C.; Mikołajewska, J.; Hinkle, K. H.; Joyce, R. R.
High resolution (R ˜ 50000), near-IR spectra were used to measure photospheric abundances of CNO and elements around the iron peak for 24 symbiotic giants. Spectrum synthesis was employed using local thermal equilibrium and hydrostatic model atmospheres. The metallicities are distributed in a wide range with maximum around [Fe/H] ˜-0.4 - - 0.3 dex. Enrichment in 14N indicates that all the sample giants have experienced the first dredge-up. The relative abundance of [Ti/Fe] is generally large in red symbiotic systems.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
zero expansion asymptotically after an infinite time and has a flat geometry). All three observational tests by means of supernovae (green), the cosmic microwave background (blue) and galaxy clusters converge at a Universe around Ωm ~ 0.3 and ΩΛ ~ 0.7. The dark red region for the galaxy cluster determination corresponds to 95% certainty (2-sigma statistical deviation) when assuming good knowledge of all other cosmological parameters, and the light red region assumes a minimum knowledge. For the supernovae and WMAP results, the inner and outer regions corespond to 68% (1-sigma) and 95% certainty, respectively. References: Schuecker et al. 2003, A&A, 398, 867 (REFLEX); Tonry et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, 1 (supernovae); Riess et al. 2004, ApJ, 607, 665 (supernovae) Galaxy clusters are far from being evenly distributed in the Universe. Instead, they tend to conglomerate into even larger structures, "super-clusters". Thus, from stars which gather in galaxies, galaxies which congregate in clusters and clusters tying together in super-clusters, the Universe shows structuring on all scales, from the smallest to the largest ones. This is a relict of the very early (formation) epoch of the Universe, the so-called "inflationary" period. At that time, only a minuscule fraction of one second after the Big Bang, the tiny density fluctuations were amplified and over the eons, they gave birth to the much larger structures. Because of the link between the first fluctuations and the giant structures now observed, the unique REFLEX catalogue - the largest of its kind - allows astronomers to put considerable constraints on the content of the Universe, and in particular on the amount of dark matter that is believed to pervade it. Rather interestingly, these constraints are totally independent from all other methods so far used to assert the existence of dark matter, such as the study of very distant supernovae (see e.g. ESO PR 21/98) or the analysis of the Cosmic Microwave background (e
Postherpetic pseudohernia: delayed onset of paresis of abdominal muscles due to herpes zoster causing an ipsilateral abdominal bulge.
Ohno, Shunsuke; Togawa, Yasuhiro; Chiku, Tsuyoshi; Sano, Wataru
Postherpetic pseudohernia causes an abdominal bulge as well as an abdominal wall herniation. This disease is one of the neurological complications of herpes zoster and essentially consists of paresis of ipsilateral abdominal muscles. Postherpetic pseudohernia may be mistaken for abdominal wall herniation because it is not well known. We describe two cases presenting an abdominal bulge. The ipsilateral abdominal bulge appeared after recovery from abdominal zoster. Abdominal CT showed no evidence of a herniation or mass. We diagnosed a postherpetic pseudohernia. One of the patients recovered spontaneously 4 months after the onset, and the other partially recovered after 2 months. This disease can be expected to disappear spontaneously, unlike abdominal herniation requiring surgery. It has been reported that 79.3% of patients eventually recovered spontaneously. For surgeons and general practitioners, it is beneficial to keep this disease in mind when examining a patient presenting an abdominal bulge. PMID:27229900
General Considerations of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Lee, Chung Won; Bae, Miju; Chung, Sung Woon
Although development of surgical technique and critical care, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm still carries a high mortality. In order to obtain good results, various efforts have been attempted. This paper reviews initial management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and discuss the key point open surgical repair and endovascular aneurysm repair. PMID:25705591
Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain
Thompson, W; Longstreth, G; Drossman, D; Heaton, K; Irvine, E; Muller-Lissner, S
The Rome diagnostic criteria for the functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain are used widely in research and practice. A committee consensus approach, including criticism from multinational expert reviewers, was used to revise the diagnostic criteria and update diagnosis and treatment recommendations, based on research results. The terminology was clarified and the diagnostic criteria and management recommendations were revised. A functional bowel disorder (FBD) is diagnosed by characteristic symptoms for at least 12 weeks during the preceding 12 months in the absence of a structural or biochemical explanation. The irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea are distinguished by symptom-based diagnostic criteria. Unspecified FBD lacks criteria for the other FBDs. Diagnostic testing is individualized, depending on patient age, primary symptom characteristics, and other clinical and laboratory features. Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is defined as either the FAP syndrome, which requires at least six months of pain with poor relation to gut function and loss of daily activities, or unspecified FAP, which lacks criteria for the FAP syndrome. An organic cause for the pain must be excluded, but aspects of the patient's pain behavior are of primary importance. Treatment of the FBDs relies upon confident diagnosis, explanation, and reassurance. Diet alteration, drug treatment, and psychotherapy may be beneficial, depending on the symptoms and psychological features. Keywords: functional bowel disorder; functional constipation; functional diarrhea; irritable bowel syndrome; functional abdominal pain; functional abdominal bloating; Rome II PMID:10457044
The giant panda gut microbiome.
Wei, Fuwen; Wang, Xiao; Wu, Qi
Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are bamboo specialists that evolved from carnivores. Their gut microbiota probably aids in the digestion of cellulose and this is considered an example of gut microbiota adaptation to a bamboo diet. However, this issue remains unresolved and further functional and compositional studies are needed. PMID:26143242
Giant Serpentine Aneurysms: Multidisciplinary Management
Anshun, W.; Feng, L.; Daming, W.
Summary Sixty-five cases of intracranial giant serpentine aneurysms (GSΛs), including 61 cases reported in the literature and four additional cases presented in this study were reviewed. The clinical presentation, possible causes, natural history, and especially management of GSAs are discussed with emphasis on the need for aggressive intervention and multidisciplinary management. PMID:20667180
Thoracic and abdominal blastomycosis in a horse.
Toribio, R E; Kohn, C W; Lawrence, A E; Hardy, J; Hutt, J A
A 5-year-old Quarter Horse mare was examined because of lethargy, fever, and weight loss of 1 month's duration. Thoracic auscultation revealed decreased lung sounds cranioventrally. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed bilateral anechoic areas with hyperechoic strands, consistent with pleural effusion and fibrin tags. A large amount of free fluid was evident during abdominal ultrasonography. Abnormalities included anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Thoracic radiography revealed alveolar infiltrates in the cranial and caudoventral lung fields. A cavitary mass, consistent with an abscess, could be seen caudodorsal to the crura of the diaphragm. Ultrasonographic evaluation of this area revealed a hypoechoic mass with septations. Bilateral thoracocentesis was performed. Bacterial culture of the pleural fluid did not yield growth, but Blastomyces dermatitidis was isolated from pleural fluid, abdominal fluid, and an aspirate of the abscess. The mare was euthanatized, and a diagnosis of thoracic and abdominal blastomycosis was confirmed at necropsy. PMID:10319179
[Differential diagnosis of abdominal cysts in children].
Józsa, Gergő; Mohay, Gabriella; Pintér, András; Vástyán, Attila
19 children were diagnosed with abdominal cysts of different origin in the Surgical Unit of the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Pécs, Hungary between 2010 and 2013. The authors discuss the details of representative cases of a parovarial cyst, an intestinal duplication, and an omental cyst with emphasis on the clinical symptoms, diagnostic tools, and surgical interventions. The authors conclude that abdominal cysts often cause mild symptoms only, and they are discovered accidentally by ultrasound imaging performed for other reasons. In some cases, the cyst can cause severe complaints or even acute abdomen requiring emergency surgery. Laporoscopy may be a valuable method both in diagnosis and surgical therapy. Abdominal CT or MRI are not required in the majority of the patients. PMID:26552027
[Abdominal splenosis: an often underdiagnosed entity].
Vercher-Conejero, J L; Bello-Arqués, P; Pelegrí-Martínez, L; Hervás-Benito, I; Loaiza-Góngora, J L; Falgas-Lacueva, M; Ruiz-Llorca, C; Pérez-Velasco, R; Mateo-Navarro, A
Splenosis is defined as the heterotopic autotransplantation of splenic tissue because of a ruptured spleen due to trauma or surgery. It is a benign and incidental finding, although imaging tests may sometimes orient toward malignancy simulating renal tumors, abdominal lymphomas, endometriosis, among other. We report the case of a 42-year old male in whom a MRI was performed after a study due to abdominal pain. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes were observed in the abdomen, suggestive of lymphoproliferative disease. As an important background, splenectomy was carried out due to abdominal trauma at age 9. After several studies, it was decided to perform a (99m)Tc-labeled heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy that showed multiple pathological deposits distributed throughout the abdomen, and even the pelvis, being consistent with splenosis. PMID:20570413
[Abdominal aortic aneurysm and renovascular disease].
Riambau, Vicente; Guerrero, Francisco; Montañá, Xavier; Gilabert, Rosa
Recent technological advances in the diagnosis and therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysm and renovascular disease are continuing to bring about changes in the way patients suffering from these conditions are treated. The prevalence of both these conditions is increasing. This is due to greater life-expectancy in patients with arteriosclerosis, a pathogenetic factor underlying both conditions. The application of diagnostic imaging techniques to non-vascular conditions has led to the early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clinical suspicion of reno-vascular disease can be confirmed easily using high-resolution diagnostic imaging modalities such as CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. Endovascular intervention is successfully replacing conventional surgical repair techniques, with the result that it may be possible to improve outcome in both conditions using effective and minimally invasive approaches. Future technological developments will enable these endovascular techniques to be applied in the large majority of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm or renovascular disease. PMID:17580053
Bioprosthetic Mesh in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Baumann, Donald P.; Butler, Charles E.
Mesh materials have undergone a considerable evolution over the last several decades. There has been enhancement of biomechanical properties, improvement in manufacturing processes, and development of antiadhesive laminate synthetic meshes. The evolution of bioprosthetic mesh materials has markedly changed our indications and methods for complex abdominal wall reconstruction. The authors review the optimal properties of bioprosthetic mesh materials, their evolution over time, and their indications for use. The techniques to optimize outcomes are described using bioprosthetic mesh for complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Bioprosthetic mesh materials clearly have certain advantages over other implantable mesh materials in select indications. Appropriate patient selection and surgical technique are critical to the successful use of bioprosthetic materials for abdominal wall repair. PMID:23372454
Flap Coverage of Anterior Abdominal Wall Defects
Sacks, Justin M.; Broyles, Justin M.; Baumann, Donald P.
Reconstruction of complex defects of the anterior abdomen is both challenging and technically demanding for reconstructive surgeons. Advancements in the use of pedicle and free tissue transfer along with the use of bioprosthetic and synthetic meshes have provided for novel approaches to these complex defects. Accordingly, detailed knowledge of abdominal wall and lower extremity anatomy in combination with insight into the design, implementation, and limitations of various flaps is essential to solve these complex clinical problems. Although these defects can be attributed to a myriad of etiologic factors, the objectives in abdominal wall reconstruction are consistent and include the restoration of abdominal wall integrity, protection of intraabdominal viscera, and the prevention of herniation. In this article, the authors review pertinent anatomy and the various local, regional, and distant flaps that can be utilized in the reconstruction of these complex clinical cases of the anterior abdomen. PMID:23372457
Abdominal aortic aneurysm--the forgotten diagnosis?
Contini, S.; McMaster, P.
A review of all cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting to Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, in a 4-year period revealed that there were 118 such patients and confirmed the relatively low operative mortality for elective aneurysmal surgery (6.6%) compared with the high mortality (66.6%) for ruptured or leaking abdominal aneurysm. In only 50% of the cases was the correct diagnosis made during the lifetime of the patient; nor was the correct diagnosis always made after admission to hospital. The need for an early and accurate diagnosis of abdominal aneurysms is stressed and an increased awareness of this condition, based on well established clinical features, would undoubtedly reduce the overall mortality. Images Fig. 1 PMID:7393787
[Pediatric Abdominal Pain – Harmless or Harmful?].
Furlano, Raoul Ivano
Abdominal pain is a very common pediatric complaint. In the majority of cases there is no life-threatening pathology behind this symptom, but a functional disease. However, all-day activities of children and adolescents are often limited, frequent absences from school, and general physician/ pediatrician office visits with often unnecessary diagnostic and therapies are registered. Once an organic etiology of the abdominal pain is excluded by a thoroughly medical history taking and physical examination, the first steps for a successful alleviation of the pain is the reassurance of the patients and their family that there is no life-threatening pathology. There is evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy may be useful in improving pain and disability outcome in the short term. There is no evidence for pharmacological, dietetic, or complementary intervention in the treatment of chronic functional abdominal pain. PMID:27120211
Giant Myelolipoma in the Spleen: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.
Zeng, Ying; Ma, Qiang; Lin, Li; Fu, Ping; Shen, Yan; Luo, Qing-Ya; Zhao, Lian-Hua; Mou, Jiang-Hong; Xiao, Hua-Liang
Myelolipomas are benign tumors, consisting of hematopoietic cells and mature adipose tissue, which mainly occur within the adrenal gland. Extra-adrenal myelolipomas are rare, and fewer than 60 cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of intrasplenic myelolipoma in a 42-year-old man with more than 1 month of abdominal pain. Computed tomography scanning revealed a giant, heterogeneous, well-demarcated mass in the spleen. Splenectomy was performed, and an intrasplenic giant mass was completely excised. The diagnosis of myelolipoma was made based on morphological examination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of myelolipoma in the human spleen. PMID:26590175
Laparoendoscopic single-site concomitant surgery for gallstones and a giant ovarian teratoma.
Fujimoto, Akihisa; Osuga, Yutaka; Sakurabashi, Ayako; Hisatomi, Shinya; Kaneko, Junichi; Hasegawa, Kiyoshi; Yano, Tetsu; Kokudo, Norihiro; Kozuma, Shiro
Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) technique has gained popularity in several fields of surgery. Our patient had multiple gallstones and a left ovarian mature cystic teratoma 12 cm in diameter. She underwent concomitant laparoscopic cholecystectomy and adnectomy using LESS technique. Using a transient gasless technique resulted in the extraction of a giant ovarian tumor through the umbilical incision with no leakage into the abdominal cavity. Concomitant LESS surgery is feasible and has many benefits both for patients and doctors - cosmetics, possibly less pain, avoidance of multiple surgeries and cost-effectiveness. LESS technique is also useful for extracting a giant tumor with the transient gasless technique. This novel method might be applied to the removal of a tumor suspicious for malignancy. PMID:23879416
Giant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary: A case report and review of literature
Katke, Rajshree Dayanand
Giant cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary are rarely described. Huge ovarian masses are mostly benign, but malignancy should be ruled out by investigations and clinical assessment. Giant cysts require resection because of compressive symptoms or risk of malignancy and their management invariably requires laparotomy to prevent perforation and spillage of the cyst fluid into peritoneal cavity. Here, we present a case of a 42-year-old female with severe and rapidly growing abdominal distension operated for exploratory laparotomy for cystic mass excision. On histology, mass was found to be metastatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with omental metastasis. The diagnostic and management challenges posed by this unexpected and unusual presentation of an ovarian cystadenocarcinoma are discussed. The main aim of this report is to draw attention to huge ovarian epithelial cysts with unsuspected presentation contributing to a decrease in any underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis, and mismanagement that might occur. PMID:27134482
Current morphologic criteria perform poorly in identifying hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated uterine leiomyomas.
Alsolami, Sana; El-Bahrawy, Mona; Kalloger, Steve E; AlDaoud, Nagla; Pathak, Tilak B; Chung, Catherine T; Cheung, Catherine T; Mulligan, Anna Marie; Tomlinson, Ian P; Pollard, Patrick J; Gilks, C Blake; McCluggage, W Glenn; Clarke, Blaise A
The contemporary oncologic pathology report conveys diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and hereditary predisposition information. Each component may be premised on a morphologic feature or a biomarker. Clinical validity and reproducibility are paramount as is standardization of reporting and clinical response to ensure individualization of patient care. Regarding hereditary predisposition, morphology-based genetic referral systems in some instances have eclipsed genealogy-based systems, for example, cell type in ovarian cancer and BRCA screening. In other instances such as Lynch syndrome, morphology-based schemas supplement clinical schemas and there is an emerging standard of care for reflex biomarker testing. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome predisposes patients to uterine and cutaneous leiomyomas (LMs) and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Several authors have emphasized the role pathologists may play in identifying this syndrome by recognizing the morphologic characteristics of syndromic uterine LMs and RCCs. Recently immunohistochemical overexpression of S-(2-succinyl) cysteine (2SC) has been demonstrated as a robust biomarker of mutation status in tumors from HLRCC patients. In this blinded control-cohort study we demonstrate that the proposed morphologic criteria used to identify uterine LMs in HLRCC syndrome are largely irreproducible among pathologists and lack sufficient robustness to serve as a trigger to triage cases for 2SC immunohistochemistry or patients for further family/personal history inquiry. Although refinement of morphologic criteria can be considered, in view of the availability of a clinically robust biomarker, consideration should be given to reflex testing of uterine LMs with an appropriate age cut off or in the setting of a suspicious family history. PMID:25272294
Strangulated internal hernia by giant Meckel diverticulum presented as acute appendicitis
Fuentes-Diaz, Jhonny Mauricio; Trujillo-Vasquez, Camilo Andrés; Parra-Vargas, Ana María; Rovira-Chaves, Andrea Sofía; Tinoco-Guzman, Laura Viviana; Garcia-Garcia, Johana Marcela
Introduction Internal hernia due to a Meckel diverticulum is a common presentation of bowel obstruction mostly seen in pediatric population. However, it has been stated that among 5% of the patients had a giant Meckel diverticulum (defined as a Meckel diverticulum with increased dimensions than the ones commonly found), being this condition very unusual. Presentation of case We presented a 19 year old male with acute abdominal pain suggestive of appendicitis. During appendectomy we discovered ischemic and necrotic signs in a bowel segment, leading us to perform a laparotomy that revealed a portion of ischemic and necrotic jejunum, and another bowel segment with a strong adherence to the mesentery root that created an internal hernia. The internal hernia was reduced and the injured bowel portions were resected. Necrotic bowel samples were sent to the pathology department who posteriorly reported a giant Meckel diverticulum. The patient had an excellent recovery after procedure. Discussion After searching in PubMed for a similar association between Meckel diverticulum and internal hernia, we found few cases that reported a giant Meckel diverticulum and a low occurrence with internal hernias making our case not so common to find. Conclusion We concluded that a giant Meckel diverticulum in association with mesenteric defects producing internal hernias are not common pathologies to find together in a patient as our research and case suggest. PMID:26117448
Giant appendiceal mucocele: a case report and review of the literature.
Ghumman, S; Muguti, G I
Appendiceal mucocele is a rare condition characterised by cystic dilatation of the lumen of the appendix. Whenever possible it is essential to identify the disease pre-operatively by full clinical assessment and thorough investigations including abdominal CT scan and colonoscopy or barium enema. Accurate diagnosis helps to plan for a careful resection to remove the mass without spillage of the cyst contents, which can lead to the most dreaded complication of pseudomyxoma peritonei. In this paper we report on a rare case of giant mucocele of the appendix and review the relevant literature. PMID:18254458
[Giant hernias with loss of domain: what is the best way to prepare patients?].
Balaphas, Alexandre; Morel, Philippe; Breguet, Romain; Assalino, Michela
Giant hernias with loss of domain induce physiological modifications that impair quality of life and make more complex their surgical management. A good preparation of patients before surgery is the key to an eventless postoperative course. The progressive pre-operative pneumoperitoneum (PPP) is one of the described abdominal augmentation protocols which can help patients to tolerate hernia content reintegration and avoid components separation technique during hernia repair. This article describes the management of these complex patients. We also report the case of a patient who follows successfully a PPP protocol. PMID:27487621
Dopamine-secreting giant adrenal ganglioneuroma: clinical and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Polat, A V; Polat, A Kamali; Aslan, K; Atmaca, H; Karagoz, F
We report a case of a dopamine-secreting giant primary adrenal ganglioneuroma (GN) in a 29-year-old male patient. Although the patient was clinically silent, the 24-hour urine levels of dopamine, normetanephrine, homovanillic acid and vanillyl mandelic acid were elevated. Abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large solid tumor with calcifications and a slightly lobular edge on the left adrenal gland. A tumor, 13 x 23 x 25 cm in size, was completely resected without morbidity. A 2-year follow-up with computed tomography showed that the postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. PMID:25073244
Giant colonic diverticulum: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment: Systematic review of 166 cases
Nigri, Giuseppe; Petrucciani, Niccolò; Giannini, Giulia; Aurello, Paolo; Magistri, Paolo; Gasparrini, Marcello; Ramacciato, Giovanni
AIM: To investigate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of giant colonic diverticulum (GCD, by means of a complete and updated literature review). GCD is a rare manifestation of diverticular disease of the colon. Less than 200 studies on GCD were published in the literature, predominantly case reports or small patient series. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Embase and PubMed databases to identify all the GCD studies. The following MESH search headings were used: "giant colonic diverticulum"; "giant sigmoid diverticulum". The "related articles" function was used to broaden the search, and all of the abstracts, studies, and citations were reviewed by two authors. The following outcomes were of interest: the disease and patient characteristics, study design, indications for surgery, type of operation, and post-operative outcomes. Additionally, a subgroup analysis of cases treated in the last 5 years was performed to show the current trends in the treatment of GCD. A GCD case in an elderly patient treated in our department by a sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis and a diverting ileostomy is presented as a typical example of the disease. RESULTS: In total, 166 GCD cases in 138 studies were identified in the literature. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain, which occurred in 69% of the cases. Among the physical signs, an abdominal mass was detected in 48% of the cases, whereas 20% of the patients presented with fever and 14% with abdominal tenderness. Diagnosis is based predominantly on abdominal computed tomography. The most frequent treatment was colic resection with en-bloc resection of the diverticulum, performed in 57.2% of cases, whereas Hartmann's procedure was followed in 11.4% of the cases and a diverticulectomy in 10.2%. An analysis of sixteen cases reported in the last 5 years showed that the majority of patients were treated with sigmoidectomy and en-bloc resection of
Chronic rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Kotsis, Thomas; Thomas, Kotsis; Tympa, Aliki; Aliki, Tympa; Kalinis, Aris; Aris, Kalinis; Vasilopoulos, Ioannis; Ioannis, Vasilopoulos; Theodoraki, Kassiani; Kassiani, Theodoraki
Although the mortality rate after abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture approximates 90% despite the urgent management, a few cases of chronic rupture and delayed repair have been reported in the world literature; anatomic and hemodynamic reasons occasionally allow for the fortunate course of these patients. We report in this article the case of 76-year-old man with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm who was transferred to our facility 4 weeks after his initial hospitalization in a district institution and who finally had a successful open repair. PMID:21620664
An unusual cause of abdominal pain.
Terneu, S; Verhelst, D; Thys, F; Ketelslegers, E; Hantson, P; Wittebole, X
A 36-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Room because of abdominal pain associated with hematuria and red blood blending to stool. On admission, the physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and diffuse cutaneous hematoma. The laboratory findings showed abnormal clotting tests with high International Normalised Ratio (INR) and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Hemoperitoneum and ureteral hematoma were noted on the abdomen computed tomography. The patient confessed she had ingested difenacoum for several weeks. All the symptoms resolved with fresh frozen plasma perfusion and vitamin K. PMID:14635532
[Abdominal migraine as a cause of chronic recurrent abdominal pain in a 9-years-old girl--case report].
Kwiecień, Jarosław; Piasecki, Leszek; Kasner, Jacek; Karczewska, Krystyna
Abdominal migraine is a rarely recognized functional intestinal disorder, manifesting as recurrent paroxysmal abdominal pain of neurogenic origin. The authors describe the 9-years old girl referred to the hospital because of chronic paroxysmal abdominal pain. She did not improve after medication used commonly in functional abdominal disorders (drotaverine, mebeverine, trimebutine). On the ground of various investigations organic causes of abdominal pain were excluded. Carefully completed anamnesis, as well as precise description of the clinical picture of abdominal pain attacks, has lead to the diagnosis of abdominal migraine. According to advice of neurologist the treatment with amitriptyline was introduced. Thereafter a significant improvement was observed. Abdominal migraine has to be taken in to account when diagnosing chronic abdominal pain in children. PMID:16245431
Co-existence of a giant splenic hemangioma and multiple hepatic hemangiomas and the potential association with the use of oral contraceptives: a case report
Chatzoulis, George; Kaltsas, Andreas; Daliakopoulos, Stauros; Sallam, Osama; Maria, Kaltsa; Chatzoulis, Kostas; Pachiadakis, Ioannis
Introduction Hepatic and splenic hemangiomas are common benign tumors that mainly affect female patients. Giant splenic hemangiomas are extremely rare, especially when correlated with multiple hepatic hemangiomas. Pathogenetic mechanisms between hemangiomas and oral contraceptives, as well as therapeutic approaches, are analyzed in this case report, in particular for the management of synchronous splenic and hepatic hemangiomas. Case presentation We report here a 42-year-old woman with a giant splenic hemangioma, multiple hepatic hemangiomas and a history of oral estrogen intake for many years. At first it was difficult to determine the organ from which the giant hemangioma originated. Angiography proved extremely helpful in tracing its origin in the spleen. Hematomas in the giant hemangioma posed a significant threat of rupture and catastrophic hemorrhage. We left the small hepatic hemangiomas in place, and removed the spleen along with the giant splenic hemangioma. Conclusion Diagnostic pitfalls in the determination of the origin of this giant hemangioma, attribution of its origin to the spleen angiographically, the unusual co-existence of the giant splenic hemangioma with multiple hepatic ones, and the potential threat of rupture of the giant hemangioma are some of the highlights of this case report. Estrogen administration represents a pathogenic factor that has been associated with hemangiomas in solid organs of the abdominal cavity. The therapeutic dilemma between resection and embolization of giant hemangiomas is another point of discussion in this case report. Splenectomy for the giant splenic hemangioma eliminates the risk of rupture and malignant degeneration, whereas observation for the small hepatic ones (<4 cm) was the preferable therapeutic strategy in our patient. PMID:18462497
Management of a Giant Omphalocele with Non–Cross-Linked Intact Porcine-Derived Acellular Dermal Matrix (Strattice) Combined with Vacuum Therapy
Travassos, Daisy Vieira; van Eerde, Albertien M.; Kramer, William L.M.
The management of giant omphaloceles at our department is primarily conservative. However, management can be challenging if the omphalocele is ruptured or the sac has to be removed. We report a case in which a giant omphalocele in a newborn female patient was managed by covering the abdominal defect with non–cross-linked intact porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix (Strattice reconstructive tissue matrix, LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, New Jersey, United States) sutured to the fascia combined with vacuum therapy. PMID:26788448
Management of a Giant Omphalocele with Non-Cross-Linked Intact Porcine-Derived Acellular Dermal Matrix (Strattice) Combined with Vacuum Therapy.
Travassos, Daisy Vieira; van Eerde, Albertien M; Kramer, William L M
The management of giant omphaloceles at our department is primarily conservative. However, management can be challenging if the omphalocele is ruptured or the sac has to be removed. We report a case in which a giant omphalocele in a newborn female patient was managed by covering the abdominal defect with non-cross-linked intact porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix (Strattice reconstructive tissue matrix, LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, New Jersey, United States) sutured to the fascia combined with vacuum therapy. PMID:26788448
Cardiopulmonary monitoring in intra-abdominal hypertension.
Malbrain, Manu L N G; Ameloot, Koen; Gillebert, Carl; Cheatham, Michael L
Cardiopulmonary dysfunction and failure are commonly encountered in the patient with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) or abdominal compartment syndrome. Accurate assessment and optimization of preload, contractility, and afterload in conjunction with appropriate goal-directed resuscitation and assessment of fluid responsiveness are essential to restore end-organ perfusion. In patients with IAH, the traditional "barometric" preload indicators such as pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure are erroneously increased. Volumetric monitoring techniques have been proven to be superior in directing the appropriate resuscitation together with targeted abdominal perfusion pressure. If such limitations are not recognized, misinterpretation of the patient's cardiac status is likely, resulting in inappropriate and potentially detrimental therapy. IAH also markedly affects the mechanical properties of the chest wall and consequently also the respiratory function. Altered mechanical properties of the chest wall may limit ventilation, influence the work of breathing, affect the interaction between the respiratory muscles, hasten the development of respiratory failure, and interfere with gas exchange. Pulmonary monitoring is important to understand the relationships between intra-abdominal pressure and chest wall mechanics and the impact of IAH on ventilator-induced lung injury, lung distention, recruitment, and lung edema. PMID:21944448
Intra-abdominal sepsis after hepatic resection.
Pace, R F; Blenkharn, J I; Edwards, W J; Orloff, M; Blumgart, L H; Benjamin, I S
One hundred and thirty hepatic resections performed over an 8-year period were reviewed for evidence of postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis. Of 126 patients who survived for more than 24 hours after operation, 36 developed culture positive intra-abdominal collections (28.6%). Significant independent variables associated with the development of intra-abdominal sepsis were diagnoses of trauma or cholangiocarcinoma, and the need for reoperation to control hemorrhage during the postoperative period. Before 1984, infected fluid collections were treated predominantly by operative drainage, but this has largely been replaced by percutaneous methods, which have proven effective in most cases. Eighteen (50%) of the infections were caused by a mixed bacterial culture, with Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli being the most common isolates. Six patients with clinical signs of sepsis had a sterile fluid collection drained with complete relief of symptoms. This review suggests that intra-abdominal sepsis is a frequent complication after hepatic resection, and can often be managed successfully by nonoperative percutaneous drainage. PMID:2493775
Acute abdominal complications following hip surgery.
Deleanu, B; Prejbeanu, R; Vermesan, D; Haragus, H; Icma, I; Predescu, V
Hip surgeries are some of the most common and successful orthopedic procedures. Although rarely, abdominal complications do occur and are associated with unfavorable outcomes.We aimed to identify and describe the severe abdominal complications that appear in patients under-going elective or traumatic hip surgery. A four year retrospective electronic database research identified 408 elective primary hip replacements,51 hip revisions and 1040 intra and extracapsular proximal femur fractures. Out of these, three males and 4 females between 64 - 84 years old were identified to have developed acute abdominal complications: perforated acute ulcer (3),acute cholecystitis (2), volvulus (1), toxic megacolon with peritonitis (1) and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (1).Complications debuted 3 - 10 days after index orthopedic surgery. Acute perioperative abdominal complications are rarely encountered during orthopedic surgery. When these do occur, they do so almost exclusively in patients with hippathology, comorbidities and most often lead to life threatening situations. We thus emphasize the need for early identification and appropriate management by both orthopedic and general surgery doctors in order to improve patient safety. PMID:24742414
Abdominal injury due to child abuse.
Barnes, Peter M; Norton, Catherine M; Dunstan, Frank D; Kemp, Alison M; Yates, David W; Sibert, Jonathan R
Diagnosis of abuse in children with internal abdominal injury is difficult because of limited published work. We aimed to ascertain the incidence of abdominal injury due to abuse in children age 0-14 years. 20 children (identified via the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit) had abdominal injuries due to abuse and 164 (identified via the Trauma Audit and Research Network) had injuries to the abdomen due to accident (112 by road-traffic accidents, 52 by falls). 16 abused children were younger than 5 years. Incidence of abdominal injury due to abuse was 2.33 cases per million children per year (95% CI 1.43-3.78) in children younger than 5 years. Six abused children died. 11 abused children had an injury to the gut (ten small bowel) compared with five (all age >5 years) who were injured by a fall (relative risk 5.72 [95% CI 2.27-14.4]; p=0.0002). We have shown that small-bowel injuries can arise accidentally as a result of falls and road-traffic accidents but they are significantly more common in abused children. Therefore, injuries to the small bowel in young children need special consideration, particularly if a minor fall is the explanation. PMID:16023514
Childhood functional abdominal pain: mechanisms and management.
Korterink, Judith; Devanarayana, Niranga Manjuri; Rajindrajith, Shaman; Vlieger, Arine; Benninga, Marc A
Chronic abdominal pain is one of the most common clinical syndromes encountered in day to day clinical paediatric practice. Although common, its definition is confusing, predisposing factors are poorly understood and the pathophysiological mechanisms are not clear. The prevailing viewpoint in the pathogenesis involves the inter-relationship between changes in hypersensitivity and altered motility, to which several risk factors have been linked. Making a diagnosis of functional abdominal pain can be a challenge, as it is unclear which further diagnostic tests are necessary to exclude an organic cause. Moreover, large, well-performed, high-quality clinical trials for effective agents are lacking, which undermines evidence-based treatment. This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors and diagnostic work-up of functional abdominal pain. Finally, management options for children with functional abdominal pain are discussed including medications, dietary interventions, probiotics and psychological and complementary therapies, to improve understanding and to maximize the quality of care for children with this condition. PMID:25666642
Abdominal wall herniae and their underlying pathology
Upchurch, Emma; Al-Akash, Musallam
We describe a case of pseudomyxoma peritonei presenting as a strangulated inguinal hernia. We review the current literature regarding the incidence of underlying pathology in patients presenting with abdominal wall herniae and discuss the need for histological assessment of the hernia sac in selected patients. We highlight the importance of assessing for and being aware of significant underlying pathology in certain patients. PMID:26855074
Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Helicobacter cinaedi
Iwasawa, Takamasa; Tamura, Atsushi; Lefor, Alan T.
Helicobacter cinaedi is a rare human pathogen which has various clinical manifestations such as cellulitis, bacteremia, arthritis, meningitis, and infectious endocarditis. We report an abdominal aortic aneurysm infected with Helicobacter cinaedi, treated successfully with surgical repair and long-term antimicrobial therapy. PMID:26885430
Imaging the pregnant patient with abdominal pain.
Wallace, Graham W; Davis, Melissa A; Semelka, Richard C; Fielding, Julia R
Imaging of pregnant patients with non-obstetric abdominal pain is reviewed, with an accompanying pictorial essay of cases with concentration on magnetic resonance imaging. Non-obstetric causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients. The most common causes are appendicitis and cholecystitis. Other causes are myriad and include biliary, gastrointestinal, infectious, inflammatory, and malignant etiologies, among others. The approach to imaging in pregnant patient is unique, as it is imperative to minimize potentially harmful radiation exposures to the fetus. Ultrasound and MRI are the primary modalities for evaluation of the pregnant patient with abdominal pain. The use of intravenous contrast is discouraged, except in highly-selected patients where there is no other way to obtain vital diagnostic information. CT is still used as the mainstay of evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma and is commonly used for diagnosis of small bowel obstruction, stone disease, and work-up of malignancy during pregnancy. A discussion of test selection and underlying rationale is presented. PMID:22160283
[Giant intradiploic infratentorial epidermoid cyst].
Alberione, F; Caire, F; Fischer-Lokou, D; Gueye, M; Moreau, J J
Epidermoid cysts are benign, uncommon lesions (1% of all intracranial tumors). Their localization is intradiploic in 25% of cases, and exceptionally subtentorial. We report here a rare case of giant intradiploic infratentorial epidermoid cyst. A 74-year old patient presented with recent diplopia and sindrome cerebellar. CT scan and MR imaging revealed a giant osteolytic extradural lesion of the posterior fossa (5.2 cm x 3.8 cm) with a small area of peripheral enhancement after contrast injection. Retrosigmoid suboccipital craniectomy allowed a satisfactory removal of the tumor, followed by an acrylic cranioplasty. The outcome was good. Neuropathological examination confirmed an epidermoid cyst. We review the literature and discuss our case. PMID:18008017
Fischer, Matthias G
Viruses with genomes up to a few megabases in length are a common occurrence in nature, even though they have escaped our notice until recently. These giant viruses infect mainly single-celled eukaryotes and isolation efforts concentrating on amoebal hosts alone have spawned hundreds of viral isolates, featuring viruses with previously unseen virion morphologies and the largest known viral genomes and particles. One of the challenges that lie ahead is to analyze and categorize the available data and to establish an approved classification system that reflects the evolutionary relationships and biological properties of these viruses. Extensive sampling of Acanthamoeba-infecting mimiviruses and initial characterization of their virophage parasites have provided a first blueprint of the genetic diversity and composition of a giant virus clade that will facilitate the taxonomic grouping of these fascinating microorganisms. PMID:26999382
Proteorhodopsin genes in giant viruses
Viruses with large genomes encode numerous proteins that do not directly participate in virus biogenesis but rather modify key functional systems of infected cells. We report that a distinct group of giant viruses infecting unicellular eukaryotes that includes Organic Lake Phycodnaviruses and Phaeocystis globosa virus encode predicted proteorhodopsins that have not been previously detected in viruses. Search of metagenomic sequence data shows that putative viral proteorhodopsins are extremely abundant in marine environments. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that giant viruses acquired proteorhodopsins via horizontal gene transfer from proteorhodopsin-encoding protists although the actual donor(s) could not be presently identified. The pattern of conservation of the predicted functionally important amino acid residues suggests that viral proteorhodopsin homologs function as sensory rhodopsins. We hypothesize that viral rhodopsins modulate light-dependent signaling, in particular phototaxis, in infected protists. This article was reviewed by Igor B. Zhulin and Laksminarayan M. Iyer. For the full reviews, see the Reviewers' reports section. PMID:23036091
Giant gallstone: A case report
Becerra, Pablo; Becerra, Valentina; Aguilar, Christian; Modragon, Itziar; Cooper, David K.C.
Introduction There is a high incidence of gallstones in the Chilean population. Presentation of case We report on a 57-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. Abdominal ultrasound indicated acute cholecystitis and a single, extremely large pear-shaped gallstone (16.8 cm long, and 7.8 cm at its widest point and 4.1 cm at its narrowest point). Its fresh weight (at operation) was 278.0 g and, after 4 years, its dry weight was 259.5 g. Emergency classical cholecystectomy was carried out successfully. Discussion and Conclusion We have been unable to find a report of a larger gallstone in the English or Spanish language medical literature. PMID:22096735
Talk to Your Doctor about Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
... español Talk to Your Doctor about Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Browse Sections The Basics Overview What is AAA? ... doctor about getting screened (tested) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). If AAA isn't found and treated ...
Splenic trauma during abdominal wall liposuction: a case report
Harnett, Paul; Koak, Yashwant; Baker, Daryl
Summary A 35-year-old woman collapsed 18 hours after undergoing abdominal wall liposuction. Abdominal CT scan revealed a punctured spleen. She underwent an emergency splenectomy and made an uneventful recovery. PMID:18387911
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
The independent relationships between visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) depots, muscle composition, and insulin sensitivity were examined in 40 abdominally obese, premenopausal women. Measurements included glucose disposal by euglycemic clamp, muscle composition by computed to...
Abdominal Lymphatic Malformation Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain: A Common Pediatric Complaint, but an Unusual Diagnosis.
Cruz, Christopher I; Farrell, Caitlin A; Nelson, Kyle A; Levy, Jason A
We present the clinical and radiological findings involving a mesenteric lymphatic malformation causing volvulus in a toddler presenting with acute abdominal pain, as well as its treatment options. PMID:27139293
Abdominal Lipectomy: A Prospective Outcomes Study
Semer, Nadine B; Ho, Wan C; Mills, Sharrie; Rajashekara, BM; Taylor, Jason R; Trung, Nguyen B; Young, Henry; Kivuls, Juris
Context/objective: Abdominal lipectomy is performed by plastic surgeons to provide symptomatic, functional, and cosmetic relief for patients with excess abdominal tissue. However, there are few clinical outcome studies looking at the utility of this procedure: this is the first prospective oucomes study. Design: Patients who underwent abdominal lipectomy at the Bellflower Medical Center during a 12-month period (September 2004 through September 2005) were prospectively studied. Data were collected at the preoperative visit, during surgery, and at the one-week, one-month, and six-month postoperative visits. Outcome measures: Complications, both major (requiring rehospitalization or reoperation) and minor (requiring local outpatient care) were identified. To evaluate the impact on our patients' perceived health and well-being as well as body image, we administered the Short Form–36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) to participants at their preoperative and six-month postoperative visits. Results: For the 72 patients enrolled in the study, the postoperative major complication rate was 5.6% (four patients) and the minor complication rate was 27.8% (20 patients); 98.3% were happy to have had the surgery. Two components of the MBSRQ, feelings of attractiveness and body area satisfaction, showed significant improvement (p < 0.0001 for each) at six-month postoperative testing. No component of the SF-36 reached statistical significance between pre- and postoperative testing. Conclusion: Because the complication rate for cosmetic abdominoplasty in our study did not significantly differ from rates reported for other studies, and given our data on perceived patient satisfaction and improvement in outcomes, our study validates the utility of abdominal lipectomy for patients with symptomatic lower abdominal pannus. PMID:21364808
Hairpin Furans and Giant Biaryls.
Geng, Xin; Mague, Joel T; Donahue, James P; Pascal, Robert A
The thermal reaction of two cyclopentadienones with 5,5'-binaphthoquinone or 6,6'-dimethoxy-5,5'-binaphthoquinone in refluxing nitrobenzene (210 °C) gives, in a single synthetic step that includes two Diels-Alder additions, two decarbonylations, and two dehydrogenations, giant biaryl bisquinones (compounds 13, 14, 15, 18, and 21). However, when two cyclopentadienones react with 6,6'-dimethoxy-5,5'-binaphthoquinone in nitrobenzene at higher temperatures (250-260 °C), the resulting products are molecular ribbons composed of two twisted aromatic systems fused to a heteropentahelicene (19, 20, and 22). These molecules are representatives of a new class of chiral polycyclic aromatic compounds, the "hairpin furans". Interestingly, reheating a dimethoxy-substituted giant biaryl (e.g., 21) in nitrobenzene at 260 °C does not yield the corresponding hairpin furan (22), and mechanistic studies indicate that some intermediate or byproduct of the synthesis of the giant biaryls is a reagent or catalyst necessary for the conversion of the dimethoxybiaryl to the furan. PMID:27040596
Observed Properties of Giant Cells
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Hathaway, David H.; Upton, Lisa; Colegrove, Owen
The existence of Giant Cells has been suggested by both theory and observation for over 45 years. We have tracked the motions of supergranules in SDO/HMI Doppler velocity data and find larger (Giant Cell) flows that persist for months. The flows in these cells are clockwise around centers of divergence in the north and counter-clockwise in the south. Equatorward flows are correlated with prograde flows - giving the transport of angular momentum toward the equator that is needed to maintain the Sun's rapid equatorial rotation. The cells are most pronounced at mid- and high-latitudes where they exhibit the rotation rates representative of those latitudes. These are clearly large, long-lived, cellular features, with the dynamical characteristics expected from the effects of the Sun's rotation, but the shapes of the cells are not well represented in numerical models. While the Giant Cell flow velocities are small (<10 m/s), their long lifetimes should nonetheless substantially impact the transport of magnetic flux in the Sun's near surface layers.
Lateral abdominal muscle size at rest and during abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre in healthy adolescents.
Linek, Pawel; Saulicz, Edward; Wolny, Tomasz; Myśliwiec, Andrzej; Kokosz, Mirosław
Lateral abdominal wall muscles in children and adolescents have not been characterised to date. In the present report, we examined the reliability of the ultrasound measurement and thickness of the oblique external muscle (OE), oblique internal muscle (OI) and transverse abdominal muscle (TrA) at rest and during abdominal drawing-in manoeuvre (ADIM) on both sides of the body in healthy adolescents. We also determined possible differences between boys and girls and defined any factors-such as body mass, height and BMI-that may affect the thickness of the abdominal muscles. B-mode ultrasound was used to assess OE, OI and TrA on both sides of the body in the supine position. Ultrasound measurements at rest and during ADIM were reliable in this age group (ICC3,3 > 0.92). OI was always the thickest and TrA the thinnest muscle on both sides of the body. In this group, an identical pattern of the contribution of the individual muscles to the structure of the lateral abdominal wall (OI > OE > TrA) was observed. At rest and during ADIM, no statistically significant side-to-side differences were demonstrated in either gender. The body mass constitutes between 30% and <50% of the thickness differences in all muscles under examination at rest and during ADIM. The structure of lateral abdominal wall in adolescents is similar to that of adults. During ADIM, the abdominal muscles in adolescents react similarly to those in adults. This study provided extensive information regarding the structure of the lateral abdominal wall in healthy adolescents. PMID:25088309
Diagnosis of mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm using 67-gallium citrate
Blumoff, R.L.; McCartney, W.; Jaques, P.; Johnson, G. Jr.
Mycotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are uncommon, but potentially lethal problems. Clinical subtleties may suggest their presence, but in the past, definitive diagnosis has been dependent on surgical exploration or autopsy findings. A case is presented in which 67-gallium citrate abdominal scanning localized the site of sepsis in an abdominal aortic aneurysm and allowed for prompt and successful surgical therapy. This noninvasive technique is recommended as a adjunct in the diagnosis of mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Effects of ovariohysterectomy on intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal perfusion pressure in cats.
Bosch, L; Rivera del Álamo, M M; Andaluz, A; Monreal, L; Torrente, C; García-Arnas, F; Fresno, L
Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and abdominal perfusion pressure (APP) have shown clinical relevance in monitoring critically ill human beings submitted to abdominal surgery. Only a few studies have been performed in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess how pregnancy and abdominal surgery may affect IAP and APP in healthy cats. For this purpose, pregnant (n=10) and non-pregnant (n=11) queens undergoing elective spaying, and tomcats (n=20, used as controls) presented for neutering by scrotal orchidectomy were included in the study. IAP, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), APP, heart rate and rectal temperature (RT) were determined before, immediately after, and four hours after surgery. IAP increased significantly immediately after abdominal surgery in both female groups when compared with baseline (P<0.05) and male (P<0.05) values, and returned to initial perioperative readings four hours after surgery. Tomcats and pregnant females (P<0.05) showed an increase in MAP and APP immediately after surgery decreasing back to initial perioperative values four hours later. A significant decrease in RT was appreciated immediately after laparotomy in both pregnant and non-pregnant queens. IAP was affected by abdominal surgery in this study, due likely to factors, such as postoperative pain and hypothermia. Pregnancy did not seem to affect IAP in this population of cats, possibly due to subjects being in early stages of pregnancy. PMID:23118052
Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in association with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in the endovascular era: vigilance remains critical.
Bozeman, Matthew C; Ross, Charles B
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are common complications of ruptured abdominal aortoiliac aneurysms (rAAAs) and other abdominal vascular catastrophes even in the age of endovascular therapy. Morbidity and mortality due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are significant. Recognition and management of IAH are key critical care measures which may decrease morbidity and improve survival in these vascular patients. Two strategies have been utilized: expectant management with prompt decompressive laparotomy upon diagnosis of threshold levels of IAH versus prophylactic, delayed abdominal closure based upon clinical parameters at the time of initial repair. Competent management of the abdominal wound with preservation of abdominal domain is also an important component of the care of these patients. In this review, we describe published experience with IAH and ACS complicating abdominal vascular catastrophes, experience with ACS complicating endovascular repair of rAAAs, and techniques for management of the abdominal wound. Vigilance and appropriate management of IAH and ACS remains critically important in decreasing morbidity and optimizing survival following catastrophic intra-abdominal vascular events. PMID:22454763
2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections
Despite advances in diagnosis, surgery, and antimicrobial therapy, mortality rates associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections remain exceedingly high. The 2013 update of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for the management of intra-abdominal infections contains evidence-based recommendations for management of patients with intra-abdominal infections. PMID:23294512
Relative Activity of Abdominal Muscles during Commonly Prescribed Strengthening Exercises.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Willett, Gilbert M.; Hyde, Jennifer E.; Uhrlaub, Michael B.; Wendel, Cara L.; Karst, Gregory M.
Examined the relative electromyographic (EMG) activity of upper and lower rectus abdominis (LRA) and external oblique (EOA) muscles during five abdominal strengthening exercises. Isometric and dynamic EMG data indicated that abdominal strengthening exercises activated various abdominal muscle groups. For the LRA and EOA muscle groups, there were…
Can release of urinary retention trigger abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture?
Luhmann, Andreas; Powell-Bowns, Matilda; Elseedawy, Emad
Only 50% of abdominal aortic aneurysms present with the classic triad of hypotension, back pain and a pulsatile abdominal mass. This variability in symptoms can delay diagnosis and treatment. We present the case of a patient presenting with a unique combination of symptoms suggesting that decompression of urinary retention can lead to abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. PMID:24964430
Diagnostic yield of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in children with abdominal pain
Technology Transfer Automated Retrieval System (TEKTRAN)
Abdominal pain is the most common indication for OGD in children. However, existing studies examining the diagnostic outcomes of OGD in children with abdominal pain are limited. We conducted the current study to examine the diagnostic yield of OGD with biopsy in the evaluation of abdominal pain and ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
New ESO Survey Provides Targets for the VLT Giant astronomical telescopes like the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) must be used efficiently. Observing time is expensive and there are long waiting lines of excellent research programmes. Thus the work at the telescope must be very well prepared and optimized as much as possible - mistakes should be avoided and no time lost! Astronomers working with the new 8-m class optical/infrared telescopes must base their observations on detailed lists of suitable target objects if they want to perform cutting-edge science. This is particularly true for research programmes that depend on observations of large samples of comparatively rare, distant objects. This type of work requires that extensive catalogues of such objects must be prepared in advance. One such major catalogue - that will serve as a very useful basis for future VLT observations - has just become available from the new ESO Imaging Survey (EIS). The Need for Sky Surveys Astronomers have since long recognized the need to carry out preparatory observations with other telescopes in order to "guide" large telescopes. To this end, surveys of smaller or larger parts of the sky have been performed by wide-field telescopes, paving the way for subsequent work at the limits of the largest available ground-based telescopes. For instance, a complete photographic survey of the sourthern sky (declination < -17.5°) was carried out in the 1970's with the ESO 1-metre Schmidt Telescope in support of the work at the 3.6-m telescope at the ESO La Silla observatory. However, while until recently most observational programmes could rely on samples of objects found on photographic plates, this is no longer possible. New image surveys must match the fainter limiting magnitudes reached by the new and larger telescopes. Modern digital, multi-colour, deep imaging surveys have thus become an indispensable complement to the 8-m telescopes. The new generation of imaging surveys will, without
Cabergoline Treatment in Invasive Giant Prolactinoma
Alsubaie, Sadeem; Almalki, Mussa H
Patients with invasive giant prolactinoma suffer from a constellation of symptoms including headache, blurred vision, lethargy, and sexual dysfunction. Cabergoline, a potent dopamine agonist, is a known medication prescribed for the treatment of invasive giant prolactinoma. Here, we report a case of invasive giant prolactinoma in a 52-year-old Saudi male with dramatic response to cabergoline treatment clinically, biochemically, and radiologically. PMID:25002819
Low dose mifepristone in medical management of uterine leiomyoma - An experience from a tertiary care hospital from north India
Kulshrestha, Vidushi; Kriplani, Alka; Agarwal, Nutan; Sareen, Neetu; Garg, Pradeep; Hari, Smriti; Thulkar, Jyoti
Background & objectives: Uterine myoma is a common indication for hysterectomy in India. An effective medical treatment option may reduce hysterectomy associated morbidity. This study was undertaken to evaluate efficacy and safety of low dose mifepristone in medical management of myoma and to compare two doses - 10 vs. 25 mg/day. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, women with symptomatic myoma or myoma>5cm were included. Uterine size >20 wk, fibroids >15 cm were excluded. Pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score was used to assess menstrual-blood-loss and visual analog scale (VAS) for other symptoms. Haemogram, liver function test, ultrasound with doppler and endometrial histology was performed. Patients were randomized and were given oral mifepristone as 25 mg/day in group 1 and 10 mg/day in group 2 for 3 months. Patients were followed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: Seventy patients in group 1 and 73 in group 2 completed treatment. Mean PBAC score reduced from 253 to 19.8 and from 289.2 to 10.4 at 1 and 3 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively. At 3 months, 67 of 70 (95.7%) patients of group 1 and 66 of 73 (90.4%) of group 2 developed amenorrhoea which reverted after median 34 (range 4-85) days. Mean myoma volume decreased by 35.7 per cent (from 176.8 to 113.7cm3) and 22.5 per cent (from 147.6 to 114.4 cm3) at 3 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Side effects seen were leg cramps in 7 of 70 (10%) and 5 of 73 (6.8%) and hot-flushes in 5 of 70 (7.1%) and 5 of 73 (6.8%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Repeat endometrial-histopathology did not reveal any complex hyperplasia or atypia in either group. Interpretation & conclusions: Mifepristone (10 and 25 mg) caused symptomatic relief with more than 90 per cent reduction in menstrual blood. Greater myoma size reduction occured with 25 mg dose. Amenorrhoea was developed in 90-95 per cent patients which was reversible. It can be a reasonable choice for management of uterine leiomyoma as it is
Speciation and phylogeography of giant petrels Macronectes.
Techow, N M S M; O'Ryan, C; Phillips, R A; Gales, R; Marin, M; Patterson-Fraser, D; Quintana, F; Ritz, M S; Thompson, D R; Wanless, R M; Weimerskirch, H; Ryan, P G
We examine global phylogeography of the two forms of giant petrel Macronectes spp. Although previously considered to be a single taxon, and despite debate over the status of some populations and the existence of minimal genetic data (one mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence per form), the current consensus based on morphology is that there are two species, Northern Giant Petrel M. halli and Southern Giant Petrel M. giganteus. This study examined genetic variation at cytochrome b as well as six microsatellite loci in giant petrels from 22 islands, representing most island groups at which the two species breed. Both markers support separate species status, although sequence divergence in cytochrome b was only 0.42% (corrected). Divergence was estimated to have occurred approximately 0.2mya, but with some colonies apparently separated for longer (up to 0.5 my). Three clades were found within giant petrels, which separated approximately 0.7mya, with the Southern Giant Petrel paraphyletic to a monophyletic Northern Giant Petrel. There was evidence of past fragmentation during the Pleistocene, with subsequent secondary contact within Southern Giant Petrels. The analysis also suggested a period of past population expansion that corresponded roughly to the timing of speciation and the separation of an ancestral giant petrel population from the fulmar Fulmarus clade. PMID:19755164
Spontaneous thrombosis in giant intracranial aneurysms.
Whittle, I R; Dorsch, N W; Besser, M
Twelve patients in a series of 22 with giant intracranial aneurysms demonstrated neuroradiological features of partial or total spontaneous intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. The presence of this intra-aneurysmal clot significantly altered the computed tomographic appearance of the giant aneurysm. Massive intra-aneurysmal thrombosis did not protect against subarachnoid haemorrhage and the likelihood of rupture of a clot containing giant aneurysm was not significantly different from that of a non-thrombosed giant aneurysm. Although parent artery occlusion from a thrombosed giant aneurysm, and massive aneurysmal thrombosis leading to the formation of giant serpentine aneurysm were documented, these are rare epiphenomena. The risk of embolisation from a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm, which was documented in one case, would appear to be greater than that from a non-thrombosed giant aneurysm. The findings in this series, and a review of literature, suggest that the presence of intra-aneurysmal clot in giant intracranial aneurysms has little prognostic significance and does not alter the management or outcome after treatment. Images PMID:7175528
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With Cloacal Exstrophy.
Cooper, Caleb E; Kennedy, Alfred P; Smith, D Preston
We present a rare complication of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in a child undergoing complex urologic reconstruction. A 10-year-old female born with the abdominal wall defect cloacal exstrophy who had previously undergone multiple abdominal procedures then developed findings consistent with ACS following a complex Mitrofanoff procedure. Although intravesical pressures were not documented because of the nature of her reconstruction, her ACS-type findings were (1) abdominal pain, (2) melena, (3) pulmonary hypoinflation, (4) renal insufficiency, (5) tachycardia, and (6) segmental ischemic small bowel. Management consisted of abdominal decompression, segmental bowel resections, and wound vacuum-assisted-closure management. Patient was eventually discharged home. PMID:26921644
Morphology and Immunohistochemistry for 2SC and FH Aid in Detection of Fumarate Hydratase Gene Aberrations in Uterine Leiomyomas From Young Patients.
Joseph, Nancy M; Solomon, David A; Frizzell, Norma; Rabban, Joseph T; Zaloudek, Charles; Garg, Karuna
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome that results from mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Patients with HLRCC are at risk for smooth muscle tumors of the uterus and skin as well as renal tumors. The renal cell carcinomas associated with HLRCC are usually high stage at presentation, aggressive, and have poor clinical outcomes. Therefore these patients and family members would benefit from early identification and appropriate surveillance. In small studies, HLRCC-associated uterine leiomyomas have been noted to display characteristic morphologic features including eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, prominent eosinophilic nucleoli, and perinucleolar halos. Limited data suggest that positive staining for 2-succinocysteine (2SC) and loss of staining for FH by immunohistochemistry (IHC) can help with identification of HLRCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of morphology and IHC for FH and 2SC to help identify HLRCC in young patients with uterine smooth muscle tumors. We identified 194 evaluable uterine leiomyomas from women less than 40 years of age. We found FH gene aberrations by mutation analysis in 5 cases, a 2.6% incidence. Of these 5 cases, 4 displayed the characteristic morphologic features outlined above, whereas 1 did not. All 5 tumors with FH gene abnormalities showed positive staining for 2SC, whereas no FH gene aberrations were found in the 2SC-negative cases. Loss of FH staining was seen in 2 of the 5 cases, 1 with frameshift mutation and the other with homozygous deletion, whereas the remaining 3 cases with missense FH gene mutations were FH positive. Our study shows that morphologic features can be helpful for detection of HLRCC in uterine leiomyomas, although they may not be present in every case. IHC for 2SC and FH can be helpful: presence of positive staining for 2SC is sensitive and specific for detection of FH gene aberrations, whereas loss of staining for
Abdominal closure using nonabsorbable mesh after massive resuscitation prevents abdominal compartment syndrome and gastrointestinal fistula.
Ciresi, D L; Cali, R F; Senagore, A J
Patients who receive high-volume resuscitation after massive abdominopelvic trauma, or emergent repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA), are at a significant risk for postoperative abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Absorbable prosthetic closure of the abdominal wall has been recommended as a means of managing ACS. However, use of absorbable prosthetic has been associated with very high rates of intestinal fistula formation and ventral hernia formation. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience with the use of nonabsorbable prosthetic abdominal closures in patients with documented ACS or at high risk for ACS. All patients managed by this technique from July 1995 through July 1997 after repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm or massive abdominopelvic trauma were evaluated. A total of 18 patients were identified: 15 primary prosthetic placements (Gore-Tex patch, 12; Marlex mesh, 2; and silastic mesh, 1) and 3 delayed prosthetic placements for ACS (Gore-Tex, 1 and Marlex, 2). The mortality rate was 22 percent (4 of 18) and resulted from multisystem organ failure (2 patients), cardiac arrest 1 hour postoperatively (1 patient), and severe closed head injury (1 patient). Secondary closure and prosthetic removal was possible in 16 of 18 patients, including the 2 patients who died of multisystem organ failure within the same hospitalization. Delayed abdominal closure at a subsequent admission was performed in two cases. This same patient developed an enterocutaneous fistula 2 months after discharge. Importantly, only 1 of 18 closed in this manner developed ACS requiring reoperation. The results indicate that use of a nonabsorbable prosthetic, particularly with Gore-Tex, is efficacious in the prevention of postoperative ACS in high-risk patients, while it enhances the possibility for delayed abdominal closure and minimizes the risk of gastrointestinal fistulization associated with other techniques. PMID:10432080
Preoperative management of giant retroperitoneal schwannoma: A case report and review of the literature
Schwannomas rarely occur in the retroperitoneum, and are normally not aggressive. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and the surgeon may confront blood vessels, nerves or organs damage, since the intra-operative findings are various. The diagnosis and treatment of malignant schwannomas in the retroperitoneum are even more challenging. In addition, the prognosis of malignant schwannomas is extremely poor. The present study reports the case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with a 6-month history of an abdominal mass in the left lower quadrant. The local doctor determined a preliminary diagnosis of abdominal giant tumor and referred the patient to the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, (Xi'an, China). Following discussion, the patient underwent a surgical resection. Low-grade malignant schwannoma was diagnosed following histological examination. No evidence of recurrence or any other complication was observed at the 18-month follow-up examination. The present study reports a case of giant retroperitoneal schwannoma (RS), and includes a literature review in order to provide an overview of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of RS and discuss preoperative management strategies for the disease. PMID:27313735
Color Doppler ultrasonography of the abdominal aorta
Battaglia, S.; Danesino, G.M.; Danesino, V.; Castellani, S.
Alterations of the abdominal aorta are relatively common, particularly in older people. Technological advances in the fields of ultrasonography, computed tomography, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging have greatly increased the imaging options for the assessment of these lesions. Because it can be done rapidly and is also non-invasive, ultrasonography plays a major role in the exploration of the abdominal aorta, from its emergence from the diaphragm to its bifurcation. It is indicated for the diagnosis and follow-up of various aortic diseases, especially aneurysms. It can be used to define the shape, size, and location of these lesions, the absence or presence of thrombi and their characteristics. It is also useful for monitoring the evolution of the lesion and for postoperative follow-up. However, its value is limited in surgical planning and in emergency situations. PMID:23396814
[Case report: strongyloidiosis with chronic abdominal pain].
Tamer, Gülden Sönmez; Dündar, Devrim
The case was presented here in order to point out that an immunocompetent child might have Strongyloidiosis infection that might be misdiagnosed. A 9 year old male patient who had chronic abdominal pain with a feeling of weakness was treated several times for urinary tract infection. He had never been tested for the presence of parasites. After the patient's complaints occurred again, he presented at our hospital. Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were observed in his feces by microscopy. Albendazol (400 mg/day for three days) was prescribed. After 10 days, the feces of the patient was reexamined and no Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were detected. For this reason, it is important to investigate the possibility of intestinal parasitic infections in children with chronic abdominal pain. PMID:18645954
Laparoscopic excision of abdominal wall desmoid tumor.
Meshikhes, Abdul-Wahed; Al-Zahrani, Hana; Ewies, Tarek
Open surgical resection is the mainstay treatment for desmoid tumors. Laparoscopic resection is rarely used and not well described in the literature. We report a case of a single, 35-year-old woman who presented with palpable abdominal wall desmoid tumor. The patient had had laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2 years earlier, and the tumor was at the insertion site of the right upper quadrant trocar. The diagnosis was made by a Tru-Cut biopsy at another institution, after the lesion had increased in size and caused increased discomfort. The patient underwent successful laparoscopic resection of the tumor. This report aimed to promote laparoscopic resection of abdominal wall desmoid tumors, whenever feasible, and describe the laparoscopic technique. We believe this is the second case of laparoscopic excision of desmoid tumor reported in the English-language literature. PMID:26781534
Vertebral destruction due to abdominal aortic aneurysm
Jiménez Viseu Pinheiro, J.F.; Blanco Blanco, J.F.; Pescador Hernández, D.; García García, F.J.
Introduction Low back pain is a common cause of medical consultation, and usually supposes a non-malignant prognostic. Presentation of case We report an atypical appearance of low back pain associated to shock and pulsatile abdominal mass that made us diagnose an abdominal aortic aneurysm as reason of vertebral lysis and pain. Discusion Surgical repair of contained AAA should be directed to secondary re-rupture prevention, with an approximate survival near to 100% at selected patients for elective surgery. Consequently, orthopedic surgery for back spine stabilization has to be elective in those cases when vertebral destruction is above 30% and clinic is directly related to spine instability. Conclusion We should consider AAA as other cause of low back pain and routinely examine the abdomen and seek complementary imaging proves when risk factors for AAA are present. PMID:25569196
[Normal abdominal ultrasound anatomy. Examination procedure].
Salcedo Joven, I; Segura Grau, A; Rodríguez Lorenzo, A; Segura Cabral, J M
To carry out an abdominal ultrasound examination with the highest degree of accuracy and thoroughness, it is essential to have a good knowledge of the anatomy and the normal measurements of the different organs. In this way, we can determine their normal condition and identify the pathology and its location more easily. It is very important to adopt a correct examination procedure, systematically sweeping the scan in the same direction and not leaving any organ unexamined. We suggest a procedure consisting of longitudinal, cross-sectional and oblique scans to view all the abdominal organs, starting the examination in the epigastric region, scanning first the right upper quadrant, then the left upper quadrant, both iliac fossa, and lastly the hypogastric region. PMID:24746380
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kohler, Susanna
In the process of searching for exoplanetary systems, weve discovered tens of debris disks close around distant stars that are especially bright in infrared wavelengths. New research suggests that we might be looking at the late stages of terrestrial planet formation in these systems.Forming Terrestrial PlanetsAccording to the widely-accepted formation model for our solar-system, protoplanets the size of Mars formed within a protoplanetary disk around our Sun. Eventually, the depletion of the gas in the disk led the orbits of these protoplanets to become chaotically unstable. Finally, in the giant impact stage, many of the protoplanets collided with each other ultimately leading to the formation of the terrestrial planets and their moons as we know them today.If giant impact stages occur in exoplanetary systems, too leading to the formation of terrestrial exoplanets how would we detect this process? According to a study led by Hidenori Genda of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, we might be already be witnessing this stage in observations of warm debris disks around other stars. To test this, Genda and collaborators model giant impact stages and determine what we would expect to see from a system undergoing this violent evolution.Modeling CollisionsSnapshots of a giant impact in one of the authors simulations. The collision causes roughly 0.05 Earth masses of protoplanetary material to be ejected from the system. Click for a closer look! [Genda et al. 2015]The collaborators run a series of simulations evolving protoplanetary bodies in a solar system. The simulations begin 10 Myr into the lifetime of the solar system, i.e., after the gas from the protoplanetary disk has had time to be cleared and the protoplanetary orbits begin to destabilize. The simulations end when the protoplanets are done smashing into each other and have again settled into stable orbits, typically after ~100 Myr.The authors find that, over an average giant impact stage, the total amount of
Cameraless Peritoneal Entry in Abdominal Laparoscopy
Carlson, William H.; Tully, Griffeth; Rajguru, Amit; Burnett, Dan R.
Background and Objectives: Despite significant advances in laparoscopic instrumentation and techniques, injury to intraabdominal structures remains a potentially serious complication of peritoneal access. Consensus on the best method to obtain peritoneal access is lacking. A safe technique that does not rely on direct visualization of the abdominal layers could shorten the learning curve for surgeons and potentially be adopted by other physicians for a variety of nonsurgical indications for peritoneal entry. Methods: A prospective series of 99 consecutive patients who underwent upper-abdominal laparoscopic surgery performed by a single surgeon between January 2009 and June 2010 was reviewed. The method used to obtain peritoneal access was the fluid-based peritoneal entry indication technique (C-PET) with the EndoTIP trocar. Results: Successful abdominal entry using C-PET was achieved in 90 (90.9%) of the patients; no trocar-related injuries or other injuries associated with peritoneal access occurred. The mean time from incision to confirmed peritoneal access was 21.4 s (range, 12 to 65). Of the 9 cases in which C-PET did not successfully gain entry, 6 occurred during the first 20 surgeries and only 3 in the final 79. Conclusions: C-PET is simple, safe, timely, and effective for gaining peritoneal access during laparoscopic abdominal surgeries. In this series, C-PET produced no complications and proved effective across a wide variety of patients, including the obese and those who had had previous surgery. Furthermore, C-PET does not require visual recognition of anatomic layers and potentially could easily be taught to nonsurgeon physicians who perform peritoneal access. PMID:23484564
[Surgical criteria for reoperation in abdominal surgery].
Bricot, R
Analysis of the surgical criteria for reintervention in Abdominal Surgery led to the accentuation of a certain number of pictures of occlusion, general infectious syndromes, postoperative peritonitis, gastro-intestinal fistula and hemorrhagic syndrome. In all cases, the clinical examination can be misleading in particular in the case of peritonitis, and the history and non-surgical criteria must be strongly borne in mind. PMID:2036
Abdominal trauma: a report of 129 cases
Bates, T.
A retrospective study of 129 cases of abdominal trauma admitted to a district general hospital over the 8 years 1964-71 is reported. Road traffic accidents accounted for 60% of the cases and had a much higher mortality than domestic or industrial accidents. Laparotomy was carried out in eighty-eight patients, but two patients with a ruptured abdominal viscus died without operation because the diagnosis was not recognized. There were seventy-four cases of renal injury of which thirty-nine were treated conservatively and thirty-four were explored through a laparotomy incision. The indication for urgent operation in every case was the suspicion of an associated intraperitoneal injury and in all but three this was confirmed. Only one injured kidney was explored through the loin after an interval. Nephrectomy was carried out in eight cases (11%). The commonest finding at laparotomy was rupture of the spleen, of which there were fifty-three cases. Major hepatic injuries and rupture of the duodenum carried a very high mortality. In all four cases of retroperitoneal rupture of the duodenum there was a delay in diagnosis of at least 24 hr due to the late onset of physical signs. The overall mortality of patients with proved rupture of an abdominal viscus was 17% but in twenty patients (22%) there was a delay in diagnosis and this group carried a 30% mortality. A diagnostic peritoneal tap was carried out in only fifteen cases, but in nine (60%) gave a false negative result. The place of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in the management of abdominal trauma is discussed. PMID:4804450
Eosinophilic jejunitis presenting as intractable abdominal pain.
Mungan, Zeynel; Attila, Tan; Kapran, Yersu; Tokatli, Ilyas Pinar; Unal, Zeynep
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical manifestations are related to the layer(s) and extent of the bowel involved. In this paper, we present a case of intractable abdominal pain caused by jejunal submucosal eosinophilic infiltration without mucosal involvement, diagnosed by deep endoscopic biopsies. The patient was successfully treated with steroids without need for surgery for diagnosis or therapy. PMID:25565932
Cocaine use as a risk factor for abdominal pregnancy.
Audain, L.; Brown, W. E.; Smith, D. M.; Clark, J. F.
Failure to diagnose abdominal pregnancies can have disastrous morbidity/mortality consequences for mother and fetus. To make the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy requires that the physician have a high index of suspicion and that he or she have a good understanding of the risk factors of abdominal pregnancy. This article presents data suggesting that maternal cocaine use is a risk factor for abdominal pregnancy, reviews the literature on the maternal/fetal effects of maternal cocaine use and the risk factors of abdominal pregnancy, and analyzes 55 cases of abdominal pregnancy. Maternal cocaine use correlated with a 20% rate of increase in the incidence of abdominal pregnancy compared with the 70% rate of decrease in the "before cocaine" time period. Recommendations are offered for management. PMID:9617068
Giant rockslides from the inside
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Weidinger, Johannes T.; Korup, Oliver; Munack, Henry; Altenberger, Uwe; Dunning, Stuart A.; Tippelt, Gerold; Lottermoser, Werner
The growing body of research on large-scale mass wasting events so far has only scarcely investigated the sedimentology of chaotic deposits from non-volcanic terrestrial landslides such that any overarching and systematic terminological framework remains elusive. Yet recent work has emphasized the need for better understanding the internal structure and composition of rockslide deposits as a means to characterise the mechanics during the final stages of runout and emplacement. We offer a comprehensive overview on the occurrence of rock fragmentation and frictional melt both at different geographic locations, and different sections within large (>106 m) rockslide masses. We argue that exposures of pervasively fragmented and interlocked jigsaw-cracked rock masses; basal mélange containing rip-up clasts and phantom blocks; micro-breccia; and thin bands of basal frictionite are indispensable clues for identifying deposits from giant rockslides that may remain morphologically inconspicuous otherwise. These sedimentary assemblages are diagnostic tools for distinguishing large rockslide debris from macro- and microscopically similar glacial deposits, tectonic fault-zone breccias, and impact breccias, and thus help avoid palaeoclimatic and tectonic misinterpretations, let alone misestimates of the hazard from giant rockslides. Moreover, experimental results from Mössbauer spectroscopy of frictionite samples support visual interpretations of thin sections, and demonstrate that short-lived (<10 s) friction-induced partial melting at temperatures >1500 °C in the absence of water occurred at the base of several giant moving rockslides. This finding supports previous theories of dry excess runout accompanied by comminution of rock masses down to μm-scale, and indicates that catastrophic motion of large fragmenting rock masses does not require water as a potential lubricant.
Multidetector CT of blunt abdominal trauma.
Soto, Jorge A; Anderson, Stephan W
The morbidity, mortality, and economic costs resulting from trauma in general, and blunt abdominal trauma in particular, are substantial. The "panscan" (computed tomographic [CT] examination of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis) has become an essential element in the early evaluation and decision-making algorithm for hemodynamically stable patients who sustained abdominal trauma. CT has virtually replaced diagnostic peritoneal lavage for the detection of important injuries. Over the past decade, substantial hardware and software developments in CT technology, especially the introduction and refinement of multidetector scanners, have expanded the versatility of CT for examination of the polytrauma patient in multiple facets: higher spatial resolution, faster image acquisition and reconstruction, and improved patient safety (optimization of radiation delivery methods). In this article, the authors review the elements of multidetector CT technique that are currently relevant for evaluating blunt abdominal trauma and describe the most important CT signs of trauma in the various organs. Because conservative nonsurgical therapy is preferred for all but the most severe injuries affecting the solid viscera, the authors emphasize the CT findings that are indications for direct therapeutic intervention. PMID:23175542
Intra-abdominal hypertension and acute pancreatitis.
Mifkovic, A; Skultety, J; Sykora, P; Prochotsky, A; Okolicany, R
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) contributes to organ dysfunction and leads to the development of the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). IAH and ACS are relatively frequent findings in patiens with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and are associated with deterioration in organ functions. The most affected are cardiovascular, respiratory and renal functions. The incidence of IAH in patients with SAP is approximately 60-80%. There is an accumulating evidence in human and animal studies that changes of perfusion, particularly to the microvasculature, are crucial events in the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP). The perfusion of the small and large intestine is impaired due to reduced arterial pressure, increased vascular resistence and diminished portal blood flow. Bacterial translocation has been described in patients with ACS, and this may apply to patients with SAP. Approximately 30-40% of SAP patients develop ACS because of pancreatic (retroperitoneal) inflammation, peripancreatic tissue edema, formation of fluid collections or abdominal distension. Surgical debridement was the preferred treatment to control necrotizing pancreatitis in the past. However, the management of necrotizing pancreatitis has changed over the last decade. The main objective of this article is to describe the association between IAH and AP and to emphasize this situation in clinical praxis as well (Fig. 1, Ref. 38). PMID:23406186
Giant Piloleiomyoma of the Forehead
Kim, Gun-Wook; Park, Hyun-Je; Kim, Hoon-Soo; Kim, Su-Han; Ko, Hyun-Chang; Kim, Byung-Soo
Cutaneous piloleiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors arising from the arrector pili muscles. Piloleiomyomas appear as firm dermal papules of skin color or with a reddish to brown surface, and are commonly located on the extremities. Histologically, these lesions are composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells in the reticular dermis. Our case presented with an unusually large nodule on the forehead that was accompanied by intermittent pain. Histological analysis was compatible with piloleiomyoma and the lesion showed haphazardly arranged bundles of smooth muscle in the dermis. We describe herein an interesting case of a giant piloleiomyoma occurring on the forehead. PMID:22148036
[Aortitis in giant cell arteritis].
Schmidt, J; Duhaut, P
Aortitis is a frequent complication of giant cell arteritis. Imaging techniques can reveal the inflammation of the aortic wall. CT-scan can show circumferential aortic wall thickening, or TEP-scan can show aortic FDG-uptake. Aortic aneurysm and dissection is a feared but probably rare complication of the inflammation of the aortic wall during GCA. Screening for aortitis could be proposed for patients with symptoms of aortic involvement, for patients with signs of large vessels involvement (limb claudication, bruit) or for patients with incomplete response to treatment. The best follow-up and treatment are to be determined for the patients with aortitis related to GCA. PMID:26781692
Bilateral giant cyst of the shoulder.
Agarwal, A; Ferrante, J; Schmidt, R; Eisenbeis, C H
The case of a 61 year old white female with a rapidly progressive rheumatoid arthritis who developed bilateral giant cyst of the shoulder is described here. Arthrographic investigation indicated that these giant cysts were true synovial cysts rather than "pseudocysts". PMID:3427842
Ayandipo, O.O; Afuwape, O.O; Irabor, D.O; Abdurrazzaaq, A.I.
Background: Abdominal wall hernias are very common diseases encountered in surgical practice. Groin hernia is the commonest type of abdominal wall hernias. There are several methods of hernia repair but tension-free repair (usually with mesh) offers the least recurrent rate. Aim: To describe the clinical profile of anterior abdominal wall hernias and our experience in the surgical management of identified hernias Method: The project was a retrospective study of all patients with abdominal wall hernia presenting into surgical divisions of University College Hospital Ibadan during a 6 year period (January 2008 to December 2013). Relevant information was retrieved from their case notes and analysed. Results: The case records of 1215 (84.7%) patients out of 1435 were retrieved. Elective surgery was done in 981(80.7%) patients while 234 (19.3%) patients had emergency surgery. There were 922 (84.8%) groin hernias and post-operative incisional hernia accounted for 9.1% (111) of the patients. About half (49.1%) of those with incisional hernia were post obstetric and gynaecologic procedure followed by post laparotomy incisional hernias 16 (14%) and others (23.5%). The ratio of inguinal hernia to other types in this study is 3:1. Hollow viscus resection and emergency surgery were predictors of wound infection statistically significant in predicting wound infection (P < 0.001). Peri-operative morbidity/mortality at 28 days post operation was documented in 113 patients (12.1%). One year recurrence rate of groin hernia was 2.1%. Conclusion: The pattern of presentation and management of anterior wall hernias are still the same compared with the earlier study in this hospital. New modality of treatment should be adopted as the standard choice of care. Abdominal wall hernias are very common clinical presentation. Modified Bassini repair was the preferred method of repair due to its simplicity. Mesh repair is becoming more common in recent time but high cost and initial non
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Drake, Jeremy J.; Lambert, David L.
Sodium abundances have been determined for eight weak G-band giants whose atmospheres are greatly enriched with products of the CN-cycling H-burning reactions. Systematic errors are minimized by comparing the weak G-band giants to a sample of similar but normal giants. If, further, Ca is selected as a reference element, model atmosphere-related errors should largely be removed. For the weak-G-band stars (Na/Ca) = 0.16 +/- 0.01, which is just possibly greater than the result (Na/Ca) = 0.10 /- 0.03 from the normal giants. This result demonstrates that the atmospheres of the weak G-band giants are not seriously contaminated with products of ON cycling.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chauvin, G.
With the development of high contrast imaging instruments and techniques, vast efforts have been devoted during the past decade to detect and characterize lighter, cooler and closer companions to nearby stars, and ultimately image new planetary systems. Complementary to other observing techniques (radial velocity, transit, micro-lensing, pulsar-timing and astrometry), this approach has opened a new astrophysical window to study the physical properties and the formation and evolution mechanisms of giant planets at orbits larger than a few AUs. In this review, I will briefly present the main motivations to use deep imaging to search for exoplanets and review the constant progress achieved thanks to improved performances of advanced instrumentation and data analysis techniques. I will describe the main classes of stars identified and observed so far to increase the chances of detection. I will also detail the classical strategy adopted to identify false alarms and characterize true companions. I will review the current status of the different deep imaging surveys as well as the main results that recently led to the discovery of giant planets probably formed like the ones of our solar system. Finally, I will rise the questions and uncertainties related to the formation mechanisms, the physical properties and the frequency of these planetary mass companions to conclude with the exciting and attractive perspectives offered with the future generation of deep imaging instruments.
Giant Planets in Open Clusters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Quinn, S. N.; White, R. J.; Latham, D. W.
Two decades after the discovery of 51 Peg b, more than 200 hot Jupiters have now been confirmed, but the details of their inward migration remain uncertain. While it is widely accepted that short period giant planets could not have formed in situ, several different mechanisms (e.g., Type II migration, planet-planet scattering, Kozai-Lidov cycles) may contribute to shrinking planetary orbits, and the relative importance of each is not well-constrained. Migration through the gas disk is expected to preserve circular, coplanar orbits and must occur quickly (within ˜ 10 Myr), whereas multi-body processes should initially excite eccentricities and inclinations and may take hundreds of millions of years. Subsequent evolution of the system (e.g., orbital circularization and inclination damping via tidal interaction with the host star) may obscure these differences, so observing hot Jupiters soon after migration occurs can constrain the importance of each mechanism. Fortunately, the well-characterized stars in young and adolescent open clusters (with known ages and compositions) provide natural laboratories for such studies, and recent surveys have begun to take advantage of this opportunity. We present a review of the discoveries in this emerging realm of exoplanet science, discuss the constraints they provide for giant planet formation and migration, and reflect on the future direction of the field.
Hyperacute abdominal compartment syndrome: an unrecognized complication of massive intraoperative resuscitation for extra-abdominal injuries.
Rodas, Edgar B; Malhotra, Ajai K; Chhitwal, Reena; Aboutanos, Michel B; Duane, Therese M; Ivatury, Rao R
Primary and secondary abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are well-recognized entities after trauma. The current study describes a "hyperacute" form of secondary ACS (HACS) that develops intraoperatively while repair of extra-abdominal injuries is being carried out simultaneous with massive resuscitation for shock caused by those injuries. The charts of patients requiring abdominal decompression (AD) for HACS at time of extra-abdominal surgery at our level I trauma center were reviewed. The following data was gathered: age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), mechanism, resuscitation details, time to AD, time to abdominal closure, and outcome. All continuous data are presented as mean +/- standard error of mean. Hemodynamic and ventilatory data pre- and post-AD was compared using paired t test with significance set at P < 0.05. Five (0.13%) of 3,750 trauma admissions developed HACS during the 15-month study period ending February 2004. Mean age was 32 +/- 7 years, and mean ISS was 19 +/- 2. Four of five patients arrived in hemorrhagic shock (blunt subclavian artery injury, 1; chest gunshot, 1; gunshot to brachial artery, 1; stab transection of femoral vessels, 1) and were immediately operated upon. One of five patients (70% burn) developed HACS during burn wound excision on day 2. HACS developed after massive crystalloid (15 +/- 1.7 L) and blood (11 +/- 0.4 units) resuscitation during prolonged surgery (4.8 +/- 0.8 hours). Pre- versus post-AD comparisons revealed significant (P < 0.05) improvements in mean arterial pressure (55 +/- 6 vs 88 +/- 3 mm Hg), peak airway pressure (44 +/- 5 vs 31 +/- 2 mm Hg), tidal volume (432 +/- 96 vs 758 +/- 93 mL), arterial pH (7.16 +/- 0.0 vs 7.26 +/- 0.04), and PaCO2 (52 +/- 6 vs 45 +/- 6 mm Hg). There was no mortality among the group, and all patients underwent abdominal closure by fascial reapproximation in 2-5 days. Two (40%) of the five patients required extremity fasciotomy for compartment syndrome. HACS is a rare complication of