text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 4, 1989
|Filing date
|Aug 10, 1987
|Priority date
|Aug 10, 1987
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Maurice A. Meyer
|Original Assignee
|Micronav Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (15), Classifications (8), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to electromagnetic radiation by scanning beam antennas, and in particular to a technique for reducing the effects of radiation reflections that add vectorially to the direct path radiation.
The art within which this invention arose is the microwave scanning beam art, such as that associated with the international microwave landing system (MLS). It represents an improvement to the invention described by patent application Ser. No. 925,166 filed Oct. 31, 1986, by Cafarelli and Adams.
In time reference scanning beam systems, such as the MLS, the angular position of the transmitted beam centroid normally is determined by measuring the times that the leading and trailing edges of the beam illuminate the receiver antenna, and calculating the average. These measurements can be contaminated by mainlobe segments or be sidelobes of the transmitted pattern being reflected onto the mainlobe measurement threshold, either from the ground or from some object such as a hangar. This measurement error has an adverse effect on system performance. The inherent nature of the relationship of the direct mainlobe energy and both main and sidelobe reflected energy, is such that in the MLS an early time measurement error in the "TO" scan of a "TO" - "FRO" scan pair, is accompanied by a late time measurement error in the "FRO" scan, and vice-versa. The aircraft receiver decodes the angular position of the beam illuminating the aircraft by the measurement of the time between the "TO" beam passage and the "FRO" beam passage, where the "TO" beam scan sweeps from the start position to the maximum scan angle while the "FRO" beam scan returns the beam to the start position. Thus, the "TO" error adds to the "FRO" error. The resulting additive error can cause undesirable flight path deviations, and undesirable motions of the aircraft control surfaces when the MLS is coupled to the autopilot for aircraft approach and landing.
The current approach to this additive error problem is to reduce the amplitude of the sidelobes relative to the mainlobe. This can be accomplished in a linear phased array antenna by providing preferred amplitude distributions among the radiating elements, or by individual element directivity, or by phasing element groups to provide a sub-array directivity. The amplitude distribution approach degrades both the directivity and gain of the mainlobe. However, these degradations normally are accepted in order to achieve the attendant reduction in side lobe levels. For example, a cosine amplitude taper reduces the first sidelobe level to -23 dB, but increases the beamwidth of the mainlobe by about 37 percent. A cosine-squared taper reduces the first sidelobe level to -31.7 dB, with a beamwidth increase of a considerable 66 percent. There are other distributions with more desirable pattern characteristics, such as the Dolph-Chebyshev, that "optimizes" the beamwidth for any selected sidelobe level. However, all sidelobe levels are equal for this distribution, which results in a waste of total energy and a corresponding decrease in gain, even for the optimized beamwidth. The Taylor line source, a modification of Dolph-Chebyshev, tapers the sidelobe pattern envelope providing some control over the mainbeam gain. The invention described by this application retains the advantages achieved by these aperture distributions, while reducing the adverse effects of the residual sidelobes.
Reducing the sidelobe levels by providing element directivity has theoretical merit, but would require element dimensions that would be unwieldly. Electronically packaging the radiating elements into groups, as described by Hazeltine U.S. Pat. No, 4,041,501, provides the sub-element array that reduces the sidelobe amplitudes. However, that antenna is mechanically quite complex, having long RF paths that could be sensitive to temperature and frequency changes.
This invention reduces the MLS error caused by radiation reflections into the mainlobe by reducing both the actual and effective levels of the reflected radiation. The reduction is attained regardless of the characteristics and locations of the reflecting surfaces, and whether the reflections are specular or diffuse. However, for descriptive clarity, the descriptions and drawings will emphasize specular ground reflections in the vertical plane for the MLS elevation (EL) antenna. The same results would be obtained for diffuse reflections from the EL antenna, and for lateral reflections from the MLS azimuth (AZ) antenna.
An important aspect of this invention is to cause the reflection induced error during the "TO" scan to cancel rather than add to the error induced during the "FRO" scan. This is accomplished by changing the antenna phase center height between scans, while retaining a preferred amplitude distribution across the array. This height change alters the path length difference between the direct and reflected signals, from the transmit to the receive antenna. When the path length difference change corresponds to a half wavelength, reflected signals that previously added to, now would subtract from, the direct signal. This causes the reflection-induced error in the beam centroid position to move in the same direction during the "TO" and FRO" scans and thus have no effect on the time difference between the "TO" and "FRO" beam centroids. Thus the phase center height diversity of the EL antenna between scans will cause the "TO" scan error to cancel rather than add to the "FRO" scan error, negating the adverse error inducing effect of the reflection. An alternate approach is to jump the phase center height between scan pairs, and then average the calculated angle of the airborne antenna relative to the average phase center height of the ground antenna.
Numerous other features, objects and advantages will become apparent from the following specification when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a polar coordinate view of a scanning beam;
FIG. 2 is a cartesian coordinate view of a scanning beam, that illustrates the source of sidelobe activated error;
FIG. 3 illustrates the geometry associated with changing the phase of the reflected sidelobe energy;
FIG. 4 illustrates the effect of sidelobe phase changes on the effective sidelobe activated error;
FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an antenna system incorporating controlled phase center diversity;
FIG. 6 shows a method for displacing an amplitude distribution;
FIG. 7 shows a subcombination of the switched phase center array of FIG. 11;
FIG. 8 shows a basic left distribution over 60 elements;
FIG. 9 shows a constant distribution formed by left and right halves;
FIG. 10 shows incremented left and right distributions added to the constant distribution; and
FIG. 11 shows a 60-element switched phase center array.
With reference now to the drawings, it is noted and emphasized that the phases of the sidelobe energy shown by FIGS. 2 and 4, are the phases relative to the mainlobe, when this reflected sidelobe energy arrives at the mainlobe measurement threshold. A vertical crosssection of an antenna pattern radiated by an MLS elevation (EL) antenna is illustrated by FIG. 1, which shows the phase center 1 of the EL antenna over ground plane 2 radiating scanning beam 3 having an upper edge 4 and a lower edge 5, and with sidelobes 6, 7, and 8. It also shows aircraft antenna 9 positioned on glide slope 10. The upper edge 4 is the leading edge of scanning beam 3 during the "TO", or upward scan and the trailing edge during the "FRO", or downward scan.
Conversely, the lower edge 5 is the leading edge during the "FRO", or downward, scan and the trailing edge during the "TO", or upward scan. The "TO" and "FRO" scans of the MLS EL antenna are illustrated in cartesian format by FIG. 2. The centroid measurements, to determine the exaxt time that the midpoint of the scanning beam illuminates the airborne antenna, are made at a nominal level, typically -3 dB, identified as measurement threshold 11 and shown as the dashed line on that figure. When sidelobe energy does not contaminate the mainlobe at its measurement threshold 11, then the time difference at the aircraft antenna 9 between the passage of the "TO" and "FRO" beams is To, which is a measure of the angular position of the aircraft antenna 9 relative to the phase center 1 of the EL antenna. When the sidelobes of the EL antenna are reflected by ground plane 2 into the measurement threshold 11 of the mainlobe, a distortion of the mainlobe occurs. During the "TO" scan, a time measurement error ΔT1 ensues, and during the "FRO" scan a time measurement error ΔT2 occurs. These errors are additive, as explained in subsequent paragraphs.
It is important to note that mathematically the reflections can be treated as signals emanating from an image antenna located below the surface, as will be shown and described when FIG. 3 is discussed. It is also noted that all calculations in this application assume that the phase center 1 of the EL antenna and airborne antenna 9 are separated by a distance sufficient to geometrically assume that radiation from the real EL antenna and from its image are parallel. If not parallel, the described invention remains valid, but the optimum displacement of the EL antenna phase center 1 from scan-to-scan also becomes a function of range.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the reflection-induced errors associated with the "TO" and "FRO" scans are additive for the following reasons: When leading edge 4 of the "TO" scan illuminates aircraft antenna 9 as shown by FIG. 2A, that antenna also will be illuminated by the ground-reflected plus-phase energy from sidelobe 6. Note again that when the radiation is reflected from the ground at near grazing angles, it undergoes a substanstial phase reversal. Thus, a minus-phase sidelobe in free space becomes, upon reflection, a plus-phase contaminant. This resulting plus-phase energy from sidelobe 6 will add vectorially to the mainlobe energy, resulting in an early measurement of its leading edge at measurement threshold 11. When the trailing edge 5 of the "TO" scan reaches the airborne antenna 9, that antenna also will be illuminated by the reflected minus-phase sidelobe 7 which is contiguous to sidelobe 6. The reason that the reflection region moved to the contiguous sidelobe is that the angular distance between corresponding points on contiguous sidelobes is about one beamwidth of the mainlobe at measurement threshold 11. The minus-phase reflected energy from sidelobe 7 subtracts from the mainlobe energy at the trailing edge of the "TO" beam, also resulting in an early measurement. Accordingly, the beam centroid, being defined as half-way between the leading and trailing edge measurements, would have an undetectable negative time error. The term "undetectable error" means the airborne receiver has no method or information to determine that the measurement does not represent true angular position in the ground antenna coordinate system.
Consider now the "FRO" or downscan of the MLS EL scanning beam, as illustrated by FIG. 2B. When the aircraft antenna 9 is illuminated by the leading edge 5, its antenna also is illuminated by the minus phase reflection from sidelobe 7. Note that the mainlobe and sidelobe positions are identical when the aircraft antenna 9 is illuminated by the leading edge 5 of the downscan and the trailing edge 5 of the upscan. The mainlobe and sidelobe positions also are identical when the aircraft antenna 9 is illuminated by the trailing edge 4 of the downscan and the leading edge 4 of the upscan. Thus, the undetectable error in the centroid position measurement during the downscan is a positive time error. The two centroid timing errors, negative for upscan and positive for downscan, result in an undetectable additive time difference error which translates into an undetectable additive angle error.
In order to avoid beam overlap in the transition region between the "TO" and FRO" scans, a pause time between the scans is provided by the standard signal format.
An important aspect of this invention is to provide phase reversal of the reflected energy during the "FRO" scan, as compared to the reflected energy during the "TO" scan. This can be accomplished by vertically displacing the phase center of the antenna between scans as illustrated by FIG. 3. The phase center can also be vertically displaced between scan pairs, or among groups of scans, and reflection error effect compensation occurs by receiver averaging or filtering. In its present and normal configuration, the phase center 1 of the EL antenna remains at height h above ground plane 2 for all scans, and its image 16 remains at distance h below ground plane 2. The sidelobe energy reflections will either add to or subtract from the mainlobe, depending upon the glideslope angle θ and phase center height h. Referring to FIG. 3, when the phase center height is raised by an amount Δh to position 17, its image will move to image position 18 such that the path length of the reflected signal is changed by 0.5λ, where λ is the wavelength of the radiation, and there will be a 180 degree reversal of the phase angle of the reflected sidelobes. Total reversal is achieved when Δh=λ/(4 Sin θ).
Referring now to FIG. 4A, the "TO" scan occurs with the EL antenna phase center height at h, resulting in the same negative undetectable error as in FIG. 2A. However, during the "FRO" scan, the EL antenna phase center height is raised to h+Δh (or lowered to h-Δh), thus reversing the phase of all reflected sidelobes relative to the mainlobe, as compared to the phase during "TO" scan. Thus it is a plus-phase reflection of sidelobe 7 that contaminates the leading edge 5 of mainlobe 3, and a minus-phase reflection of sidelobe 6 that contaminates its trailing edge. The result, illustrated by FIG. 4B, is a negative undetectable time error in the beam centroid measurement. The total sidelobe activated error thus will be the difference between the "TO" and "FRO" errors, rather than the sum as occurs with the conventional system. The improvement is considerably greater than an order of magnitude, and by proper selection of parameter values could be greater than 30 dB.
It is important to note that the optimum change in phase center height Δh is a function only of wavelength λ and glideslope angle θ, and not as a function of phase center height h. Accordingly, in a simple embodiment Δh would be a constant, and selected to accommodate the preferred glideslope angle.
A more advanced embodiment would provide for a Δh as a function of mainlobe pointing angle during either or both the "TO" and FRO" scans, such that the slidelobe activated errors would be in the cancellation direction at all glideslope angles.
The antenna pattern structure formed by a uniformly illuminated aperture would represent the simplest embodiment of this improvement, since movement of the phase center height would not disturb the amplitude distribution among the antenna elements. While the first sidelobes would be only about 13 dB below mainlobe, these normally do not reflect into the mainlobe. With the illustrated parameter values, only the 4th and higher angle sidelobes could reflect into a 1� beamwidth mainlobe at a 3� glideslope angle. At this angle, it can be calculated from the Δh equation that the Δh required to minimize the effect of sidelobe reflections at C-band is about 1 ft., a convenient value for implementation.
The block diagram for phase center height diversity with uniform aperture illumination is shown by FIG. 5. A signal generated by radio frequency source 21 provides the input to beam steering unit 22, which generates the phases of the signals that are routed to the radiating elements of antenna 23. The center portion of antenna 23 is driven directly by beam steering unit 22, and the upper and lower portions are driven selectively by routing a portion of the signal through radio frequency switch 24 alternately to the upper and lower segments of antenna 23. The arrangement of components illustrated by FIG. 5 is particularly applicable to radiation patterns formed by a uniform illumination of the antenna 23 aperture.
In the event that it is desired to provide a lower actual sidelobe level, along with the advantages of phase center diversity, the scanning beam must be formed by providing a nonuniform amplitude distribution to the radiating elements. A feasible, but not necessarily an efficient configuration is illustrated by FIG. 6.
In this configuration an r.f. source 25 feeds one of two antennas 29 and 30 thru single-pole double-throw microwave switch 26. The antennas are complete phased arrays with a common beam steering unit and are displaced vertically a height Δh chosen for the application.
Improvements to the techniques described thus far in this application are shown in FIGS. 7 and 11, which reduces both the actual and the effective side lobe levels, with the aid of FIGS. 8-10. The improvement is accomplished by providing a novel microwave network. This network feeds a linear array of phased and radiating elements with a prescribed amplitude and phase characteristic, which can be translated along the array a distance equal to a preselected integral number of elements by the action of a single-pole two-throw switch, such as microwave switch 26. By adding a third switch position, an intermediate translation can be effected. The improvement in translating the prescribed distribution is accomplished basically by using a stationary distribution to which is added a switched lower power incremental distribution in a manner to be described. This configuration is shown in FIG. 7. An r.f. source 500 feeds the time invariant distribution network 501, comprising a constant network, with most of the r.f. power. A portion of the source power is fed thru the three-position single-pole switch 502 to two networks 503 and 504 supplying incremental distributions to the upper and lower halves, respectively, of the array by switch action. The constant distribution is fed to N array radiating elements thru combiners 401-400+n. The upper incremental distribution is fed to N/2 array elements thru the second combiner input, and to M-1 elements directly. Similarly the lower incremental distribution feeds the lower N/2 elements of the array thru combiners, and the lower M-1 elements directly. Switching from position 1 to position 2 moves the phase center Δh, while switching from position 2 to position 3 moves the phase center Δh/2.
The prescribed amplitude and phase distribution which is to be translated is called the "Basic Distribution" over a number of elements as desired to achieve the beam width and side lobe level and is entirely arbitrary. The novel network by virtue of its power division values in its power dividers forms the stationary distribution and the incremented distributions as explained below.
An understanding of the features of this network is aided by a labeling of the various constituents of the translatable "Basic Distribution" across the array. The "Constant Distributions" are those that are fed by the array network to the output elements of the network which in turn are fed through the phase shifters and then to the radiating elements whenever the scanning beam radiates and are in no manner time variant. The "Incremental Distributions" are those that are fed alternately to the left and right halves of the network and are summed with the "Constant Distributions" at the network output elements forming the translated "Basic Distributions". The summing of the two types of distributions at each network output element is accomplished with a microwave coupler, such as a Wilkinson inline hybrid, which forms a vector sum.
FIG. 8 shows a "Basic Left Distribution", 31, over 60 elements. This distribution is translated 6 elements to the right along the array line to produce the displaced "Basic Right Distribution", 32. In the illustrated configuration, this requires 6 additional elements for a total of 66. Note there is an axis of symmetry, 33, for the two distributions, which in this case occurs between elements 33 and 34. Note that on the left side of the array, the "Basic Left Distribution", 31, is greater in amplitude than "Basic Right Distribution", 32, and on the right side the converse exists.
Referring to FIG. 9, the "Constant Distribution" consists of two halves; a "Constant Left Distribution", 34, and a "Constant Right Distribution", 35. The "Constant Left Distribution" consists of the left half of the "Basic Right Distribution", 32, (Option A), and may include a distribution over those elements (e.g. 61-66) contributing to the right half of the "Basic Right Distribution" which do not overlap the "Basic Left Distribution", 31, such as that shown as 36b, or a fraction of 36b (Option B). Similarly the "Constant Right Distribution" consist of the right half of the "Basic Left Distribution" (Option A), and may include a distribution over those elements of the left half of the "Basic Left Distribution" which does not overlap the "Basic Right Distribution", such as 37b, (Option B). Option B may be used when the phase shifters include a built in switch for suppressing output, as is common in many MLS phased arrays. A third alternative (Option C) is a combination of options A and B, i.e. a portion of the energy in the nonoverlapping regions is in the "Constant Distribution"; the remainder is in the "Incremented Distribution". The result of using option C and a three position switch in combination with the control of the phase shifter switches in the non-overlapping elements is to produce two "Basic "Distributions" which are translated with respect to each other and a third distribution which produces a beam that is translated between the first two with a beamwidth that is very close to that produced by the "Basic Distribution".
The desired output from the network is either the "Basic Left Distribution" or "Basic Right Distribution", or a third distribution: Option C, a "Basic Center Distribution". To generate the "Basic Right Distribution", 32, note that all the elements to the left of the axis of symmetry, 33, already have the correct distribution from the constant distribution, so nothing is added to the "Constant Left Distribution", 34, for these elements. On the right side of the symmetry line we must add an "Incremented Right Distribution", 36 to the "Constant Right Distribution" to obtain the desired "Basic Right Distribution" on this side of the symmetry line. Since the "Constant Right Distribution" is equal to the "Basic Left Distribution" on this side, the increment to be added is the difference (distribution 35-distribution 31) which is shown as the "Incremented Right Distribution", 36a and 36b. Similarly, to generate the "Basic Left Distribution", 31, requires a "mirror image" operation to the operation just described, as illustrated by FIG. 10 where the "Incremented Left Distributions", 37a and 37b, are added to the "Constant Left Distribution", 34.
FIG. 11 shows the rf network 43 with output elements 101 thru 166, combiners 606-660, rf source 38 and rf switch 39, which is designed to control this summation activity. It is a corporate feed network adjusted for equal path lengths to each element, thus achieving frequency independent paths. In the case of distributions with an arbitrary output phase distribution, the maximum output phase deviation required across the network is one least significant bit of a phase shifter; any additional phase deviation required is supplied by the initial setting of the phase shifter. Thus the small phase increment required across the network outputs can be provided by additional line length as needed, which is essentially frequency independent because the induced errors would be small; i.e. a fraction of a least significant bit. For the first six and last six elements the "Constant Distributions", 34, and 35 are zero (Option A,) therefore only a single input is required for these elements. For Option B, the first six and last six elements would only require a single input but this input would be part of the "Constant Distribution"; incrementing of these elements would be accomplished by switches in the phase shifters. For the remaining elements the signal is the combined output from an inline hybrid such as the well-known Wilkinson three port which can be used for combining or dividing. For Option C, combined outputs are used symmetrically in at lest 60 elements. For combined outputs, the signals into the two input ports of the hybrid are the "Constant Distribution" value for a given element and the appropriate "Incremented Distribution" value. The complete network is a single planar circuit as shown with hybrid power dividers such as the Wilkinson, although it could be accomplished by two separate planar circuits feeding the two inputs of the element feed hybrid combiner. Of course, any of the standard hybrid power division circuits used in feed networks are equally applicable to these feed alternatives. It should be noted that the difference between Options A,B,C concerns only the feeding scheme for the first six and last six elements; for Option A it is the "Incremented Distribution", for option B it is the "Constant Distribution", and for Option C it is a combination of both distributions.
The total preferred network realization has a number of crossovers which are shown by the intersection of two feed lines. In the actual network these crossovers are accomplished by using a planar 0 db hybrid which has the crossover property and can be made in either microstrip or stripline.
The configurations thus far described, optimize the measurement process at a particular glideslope angle, for example 3 degrees. However, a more sophisticated version could provide a multiple or continuous phase center diversity program to optimize the phase center heights between "TO" and "FRO" scans as a function of beam pointing angle.
A preferred switching technique to optimize the phase center heights as a function of beam pointing angle is illustrated by FIG. 11. A switching cycle using switch positions 40 and 41 will cause a maximum movement, e.g., Δh=1 ft, of the phase center position. This would optimize the reduction of the effective slidelobe level at a glide slope of about 3 degrees. A switching cycle using switch positions 40 and 42, or 41 and 42, would displace Δh by only 0.5 ft, optimizing the reduction of the effective sidelobe level at a glideslope of about 6 degrees. Thus the adverse effects of sidelobe reflections could be reduced at both of these glideslopes by providing a diversity of Δh at about 1 ft. when the beam pointing angle is below about 4.5 degrees, and a diversity of approximately 0.5 ft. when it is equal to or above that value.
An improved arrangement would use Option C; i.e., in switch position 42 there would be a constant distribution over at least the full 60 elements (equal numbers of elements on each side of the symmetry line) which would match the beamwidth of the "Basic Distribution". Option C is concerned only with the distribution in the non-overlapping regions; e.g., 36b, 37b. If this distribution is broken into the sum of two distributions (1) the preferred taper, TP1, for the switch position 42, and (2) PD1, the difference between 36b, 37b, and TP1, then PD1 becomes part of the "Incremented Distribution" and TP1 part of the "Constant Distribution". When the switch is in position 40, the phase shifters in the nonoverlapping region associated with switch position 41 are switched off, and in switch position 41, those associated with switch position 41 are switched off. All phase shifters are on in position 42.
While this improvement has been described as it applies to sidelobe activated errors to the MLS EL antenna, the technique also is applicable to mainbeam activated errors.
This invention has particular and significant applicability in the electronic navigation and landing guidance systems technologies. It provides a capability to obtain accurate measurements of azimuth and elevation angles, even in the presence of a severe multipath environment. The invention nullifies the effects of signal reflections into the measurement regions of the mainlobe, rather than to reduce the magnitudes of these reflections. This approach results in a more compact and more cost-effective multipath resistant antenna, having particular application to time reference scanning beam guidance signals.
Other embodiments are within the claims.
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Owner name: MICRONAV LTD., SYDPORT INDUSTRIAL PARK, SYDNEY, NO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MEYER, MAURICE A.;REEL/FRAME:004853/0866
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Owner name: MICRONAV LTD., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MEYER, MAURICE A.;REEL/FRAME:004853/0866
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Effective date: 19900912
|Sep 14, 1992
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 12, 1996
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 6, 1997
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 17, 1997
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19970409


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Play when no one else will and look great doing it with the adidas climachill Shoulder Print Polo. Signature climachill fabric uses aluminum spheres to create a cooling sensation and provide all-over ventilation in the heat of the season. Open-hem sleeves offer enhanced range of motion when you need it most, and the shoulder print finishes a high-performance polo in modern style.Product Features


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Unemployment claims drop, but service sector growth slows
(AP) WASHINGTON (AP) —The number of Americans seeking unemployment benefits fell last week by the most in more than three months.
The figure was a hopeful sign, one day before the government releases the April employment report.
The Labor Department said Thursday that weekly unemployment aid applications fell 27,000 last week to a seasonally adjusted 365,000.
In a second report Thursday, Labor said workers' productivity fell the first three months of the year. The drop could signal that companies can't squeeze more output from existing workers and must hire to meet rising demand.
But a third report later threw some cold water on any optimism.
Weekly unemployment claims
The Institute for Supply Management said Thursday that service companies, which employ almost 90% of the work force, expanded more slowly in April.
Companies saw less growth in new orders and hired at a weaker pace. The ISM's index of non-manufacturing activity dropped to 53.5 from 56 in March.
A reading above 50 indicates the sector is expanding. But the latest report contributed to a growing body of mixed data that suggests the economy is growing only modestly.
The ISM survey covers all sectors outside of manufacturing. That includes retail, construction, financial services, health care, and hotels.
In its productivity report, the Labor Department said productivity fell at an annual rate of 0.5% in the January-March quarter, biggest drop in a year. It had increased at an annual rate of 1.2% in the previous quarter.
Labor costs rose at a rate of 2% during the first quarter, slightly slower than the 2.7% increase in the fourth quarter.
Productivity is the amount of output per hour of work. It grew last year at the slowest pace in nearly a quarter century after rising sharply in the previous year.
Unemployment benefit applications are a measure of the pace of layoffs. When they fall below 375,000, it generally suggests that hiring will be strong enough to lower the unemployment rate.
The four-week average, a less volatile measure, ticked up to 383,500 last week, highest since December.
Last month, unemployment benefit applications jumped after steadily declining the past few months. At the same time, hiring slowed. Those figures sparked concerns that the job market was worsening after strong gains in recent months. But some economists said temporary layoffs stemming from this year's holidays might have inflated benefit applications.
On Friday, analysts expect the government to report that employers added 163,000 jobs in April, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 8.2%. That would be an improvement from March, when job growth slowed to just 120,000. But it would be below the average 246,000 jobs a month added December through February.
Many economists downplayed the small gain in the March payroll figure. They said a mild winter led employers to accelerate hiring in January and February. That made March's figure weaker.
On Wednesday, a survey by payroll provider ADP of private employers estimated that companies added only 119,000 jobs last month. The ADP report has deviated sharply from the government's figures in the past and isn't always a reliable indicator. For example, the government's estimate of 120,000 jobs created in March was much lower than ADP's estimate of 201,000.
Most economists said the ADP figure would not lead them to change their forecasts for job creation in April.
Other recent economic news has been more encouraging. A private survey this week found that the manufacturing sector expanded at the fastest pace in 10 months in April. Measures of new orders, production and exports rose. And a gauge of hiring rose to the highest level in nearly a year.
The unemployment rate has fallen to 8.2% in March from 9.1% in August. Part of the reason was that some people gave up looking for work. People who are out of work but not looking for jobs aren't counted among the unemployed.
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PaganSquare is a community blog space where Pagans can discuss topics relevant to the life and spiritual practice of all Pagans.
Any leader or rituallist is going to get feedback. In Part 1, I addressed some methods to discern what feedback is useful and what isn't. It's also important to learn how to give good feedback, which is what I'll go into here.
While I love hearing, "That ritual was great!" what this primarily tells me is that this person (or the people telling me this) had a good time. It's not, however, specific. "I loved the chanting!" or, "I've never experienced a ritual like that, I was able to connect to my ancestors in a way I couldn't ever before," is more specific and thus, more useful.
I've facilitated rituals where I had an equal number of people tell me, "The energy in that ritual was great!" and, "The energy tonight really kind of sucked." So what makes good feedback?
Just weeks ago I had the honor of leading the main ritual at Paganicon, a Pagan conference in its fifth year taking place in Minneapolis, Minnesota. I felt the main ritual went really well, and over the course of the weekend I received a lot of positive feedback from people who had a deep, transformative experience during the ritual. I also heard from the convention staffers that fully a third of the feedback forms positively mentioned the ritual or one of my other workshops.
As a teacher and ritual leader, it's always really exciting to hear that my work has had a positive impact!
However, after I returned from the event, I was directed to a blog post from another presenter at Paganicon who really disliked the ritual I facilitated. In fact, this presenter also had some problems with my presence on at east one of the three panels I spoke on. And it made me think a lot about feedback and leadership.
I offer what I offer
I give what I give
I share what I share
I am who I am…
When planning a ritual involving children, I always have to remind myself to keep it short and simple! Just in time for Spring Equinox, I'd like to share the simple ritual of spring welcome that my family and I enjoyed over the weekend with a group of our friends. This ritual is designed to be done at night around a campfire and to be followed by a drum circle...
On February 21, 2015 my second son, Galen, was stillborn.
I wrote out the whole traumatic story, then found myself reluctant to share it. I wish what happened to me would never happen to anyone else. So I'm not going to share the details in blog form. Maybe in my next memoir....
So many of the leadership problems that I see in the Pagan community come down to issues of our personal identity. There are leadership techniques for building healthy communities, models for understanding group dynamics, and tools to mediate conflicts. But the truth is…all of that stuff is a house built on a faulty foundation if we don't also do our personal work.
To do that work, we have to understand identity.
And we also have to admit that all of us need to do this work. Unfortunately, the way identity functions can make it hard to change our own bad behaviors, and ego is pretty good at denial. When a group blows up you'll often hear, "It's just too much ego." They're sort of right, but it's a little more complicated.
I'm absolutely thrilled to be writing for PaganSquare. My blog here will focus on topics of leadership, community building, and facilitation skills for classes, rituals, and meetings, as well as the personal and spiritual growth work beneath all those skills and tools. My goal is to help more people become the leaders and community builders who can help foster more sustainable groups.
Why do I write about these topics? Once upon a time I realized that I wasn't a very good leader. I enjoyed the energy of being with a group but when things fell apart, I was intensely frustrated. Since I like organizing events and big projects, I figured I should learn the skills and tools to do that well. I didn't plan on teaching leadership, but after I began training in the Diana's Grove leadership and ritual arts program, I noticed how few groups seemed to have access to those tools. I started teaching at local Pagan events, and then at festivals, and then I started writing.
When I went through a painful blow-up of a Pagan group, that further inspired me to teach tools that will hopefully help others from having to go through the same thing I did. When I travel and teach leadership, I hear from so many people who have faced problems in their groups. I want to help people to build stronger communities.
It's true that these can often be uncomfortable topics, but I feel they are crucial to explore in order to build healthier communities. There are a lot of ways that we can work together to build the kind of magical and spiritually fulfilling groups that will serve us and empower us.


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Fred S. Steingold
The Complete Guide to Selling a Business
Книгу можно купить в интернет-магазинах:
· OZON.ru 3216р. [Проверить наличие]
ISBN: 1413303625Издательство: NOLO
Год издания: 2005
Book DescriptionThe most comprehensive, easy-to-use guide to selling a business available! Out there somewhere is a buyer looking to buy a business like yours -- so if you're ready to sell, make sure that you protect your interests and maximize your profit with The Complete Guide to Selling a Business. It covers: *getting your business ready to sell *pricing your business and valuing your assets *finding the right buyer *analyzing the tax issues *negotiating a payment plan and other terms of sale *planning your future relationship with the business *limiting your liability *working with lawyers, accountants and brokers *closing the deal and transferring the business to its new owner The Complete Guide to Selling a Business includes a CD-ROM that helps you create more than two dozen crucial legal documents for both asset and entity sales, including: *the sales agreement *confidentiality letter *promissory notes and security...
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Hotels in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer
Viewing all hotels.
Le Castelet10 Rue Des Launes, 13460, Les Saintes Maries De La MerThis hotel is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, just 60 metres from the Mediterranean Sea and 30 metres from the Laune Lake. It features a cocktail bar with a flower-filled terrace.Rates: EUR 45.00 - 97.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 15
Les Vagues12 avenue Théodore Aubanel, 13460, Saintes Maries de la MerThis hotel faces Port Gardian and is just 100 metres from the centre of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. It offers accommodation with free Wi-Fi access and a restaurant serving fresh, local seafood.Rates: EUR 37.00 - 72.00Stars: Rooms: 7
Résidence Services Seniors La Vallée Des Lys3, Avenue Jacques-Yves Cousteau, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerOffering an outdoor pool and a restaurant, Résidence La Valée Des Lys offers self-catering accommodation 10 metres from the sea. Free WiFi access is available. Apartments at Résidence La Valée Des Lys feature a seating area.Rates: EUR 40.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 12
Abrivado2, Avenue Theodore Aubanel, 13460, Saintes Maries de la MerSet in Camargue Regional Park, this air-conditioned hotel is located beside the harbour in the town of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. Free Wi-Fi access is provided in the guest rooms.Rates: EUR 52.00 - 92.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 18
Hotel Lou Marquès6 Rue du Vibre, 13460, Les Saintes Maries De La MerThis 2-star hotel is located in Les Saintes Maries De La Mer, in Camargue Regional Nature Park. It offers free Wi-Fi and a sunny terrace and it is just 400 metres from the beaches.Rates: EUR 53.00 - 85.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 14
Hotel Le Bleu Marine15, Avenue du Docteur Cambon, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la MerBleu Marine is just 150 metres from Mediterranean beaches and 300 metres from the centre of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer village. It features a fenced, outdoor swimming pool with sun loungers and free Wi-Fi.Rates: EUR 54.00 - 136.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 26
Hôtel Le MirageBP 29 - 14 Rue Camille Pelletan, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la MerThis hotel is 100 metres from the beach and 200 metres from Sainte-Marie-de-la-Mer Marina. It offers colourful rooms, and a garden with lounge chairs. There is free WiFi access in the reception and garden.Rates: EUR 55.00 - 100.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 26
Hôtellerie du Pont BlancChemin du Pont Blanc, 13460, Saintes-Marie- de-la-MerSet in Saintes-Marie- de-la-Mer, Hôtellerie du Pont Blanc sits in a flowery garden with terrace and swimming pool, just an 8-minute walk from the beach. Free Wi-Fi and free private parking are provided.Rates: EUR 55.00 - 0.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 15
Manade Cavallini - Mas de PiochRoute D'Arles, 13460, Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerSet in Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, Manade Cavallini - Mas de Pioch is a typical Camargue style country house sitting in a 250-hectare park with 200 Camargue bulls. It offers a large furnished terrace, a shaded garden and an outdoor swimming pool.Rates: EUR 45.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 9
Hôtel Les Arcades5, rue Paul Hermann, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerJust 100 metres from Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer's sandy beaches, this 2-star hotel offers free Wi-Fi access throughout the public areas. It is 35 km from Arles and a range of thalassotherapy centres can be found nearby.Rates: EUR 55.00 - 113.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 17
L'Hostellerie du Pont de GauRoute d'Arles- RD 570, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerOffering a restaurant, L'Hostellerie du Pont de Gau is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. Free WiFi access is available. Each room here will provide you with a TV and air conditioning. Featuring a bath, private bathroom also comes with a bidet.Rates: EUR 56.00 - 0.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 9
Hotel Camille13, Avenue de la plage, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerThis air-conditioned hotel featuring a terrace is located on the beachfront in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, 35 km from Arles. Free Wi-Fi access and an LCD TV are offered in the modern rooms.Rates: EUR 57.00 - 128.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 33
Mas De CalabrunRoute De Cacharel D 85A, 13460, Saintes Maries De La MerThe Mas de Calabrun is located on a private estate in the Camargue Regional Park. It offers free Wi-Fi hotspot areas and has a swimming pool, boules ground and table-tennis facilities.Rates: EUR 62.30 - 165.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 30
La Régie de FrigoulèsRoute de Cacharel- Hameau de Pioch Badet, 13460, Saintes-Maries de la MerSet in a flowered garden 30 km from Arles and 60 km from Nîmes, La Régie de Frigoulès features a restaurant and a bar, free newspapers, and free private parking.Rates: EUR 49.00 - 101.00Stars: Rooms: 5
Le Petit Mas Des BarresRoute d'Arles D570, 13460, Saintes Maries De La MerSet just 5 minutes by car (8km) from the village of Saintes Maries de la Mer, this little Provençal dwelling welcomes you in the heart of a 2-hectare park.Rates: EUR 63.00 - 124.50Stars: ★★Rooms: 17
Le Fangassier12, Route de Cacharel, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerLocated in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, this hotel is 600 metres from the beach and 900 metres from Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer Marina. It offers free Wi-Fi access and a terrace with chairs and a table.Rates: EUR 65.00 - 95.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 20
Hotel Les Palmiers En Camargue16 Rue Alphonse Daudet, 13460, Saintes-Maries de la MerThis hotel is situated in a small, quiet street in the typical French village of Les Saintes Maries de la Mer, near Port Gardian and 100 metres from sandy beaches.Rates: EUR 65.45 - 159.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 30
Le Delta1 place Mireille, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerFeaturing a restaurant and a terrace, Le Delta is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. The property is situated within walking distance of the Port, the beaches and the pedestrian streets. All rooms offer free Wi-Fi access and a flat-screen TV.Rates: EUR 55.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 6
Hotel des RiègesRoute de Cacharel, 13460, Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerHotel des Rièges is located in the swampland, just 900 metres from the centre of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer and its beaches. It offers an outdoor swimming pool, fitness room and rooms with a terrace.Rates: EUR 55.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 20
Les RizièresRoute D'Arles, 13460, Saintes-Maries de la MerSet by a pond, the hotel is situated near Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer and the Ornithological Park with its amazing pink flamingos. All the rooms are situated at ground-level around a patio planted with trees.Rates: EUR 75.00 - 175.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 27
La Tramontane94 Chemin Bas de Dromar, 13460, Saintes Maries de La MerLa Tramontane welcomes you in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, in the heart of the Camargues area. It offers individually-decorated rooms leading to the outdoor swimming pool, the garden and the private pond.Rates: EUR 75.00 - 185.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 25
Auberge de la FadaiseRoute d'Arles - Quartier du Pont de Gau D570, 13460, Saintes Maries de la MerAuberge de la Fadaise is located in the heart of the Camargue region, a 5-minute drive from the beach, and it offers an outdoor swimming pool. You can enjoy horse-riding trips around Camargue upon reservation.Rates: EUR 57.00 - 177.00Stars: Rooms: 12
Le Dauphin Bleu31 Avenue Gilbert Leroy, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la MerLocated 50 metres from the beach, this hotel faces the Mediterranean Sea and is 400 metres from the centre of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer's historic old town. It offers boat rental, free parking and a restaurant.Rates: EUR 76.00 - 152.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 16
Holiday home Le Mas Des Manadiers Sainte Maries De La Mer, 13460, SAINTE MARIES DE LA MERThe Camargue- one of the nature areas of South France, with its wild horses, pink flamingo's and endless sandy beaches. A holiday house (54m2 + terrace 25 m2)) on a holiday park with swimming pool (8 x 13.Rates: EUR 77.86 - 0.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 1
ClamadorRoute De l'Amaree, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerThe Clamador Hotel is located 2 km from Saintes Marie de la Mer, just 1 km from the beach. It offers air-conditioned rooms with TVs and a telephone.Rates: EUR 79.00 - 150.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 21
Le Mas des SagnesChemin Dromar, 13460, Saintes Maries de la MerLe Mas des Sagnes is situated in the Camargue Regional Nature Park, just 2 km from the beaches in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. The self-catering apartments each have a private terrace and a living room.Rates: EUR 60.00 - 172.00Stars: Rooms: 2
Apartment Le Mas des Manadiers Stes Maries de la Mer, 13460, Saintes Maries de la MerAppartement Le Mas des Manadiers is located 400 metres from the beach in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. It offers a living area, an east-facing terrace with a BBQ and free access to a shared swimming pool.Rates: EUR 81.57 - 9999.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 1
Le Maset13 chemin du Pont Blanc, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la merLocated just 400 metres from the sandy beach in Saintes-Maries-de-La-Mer, this air-conditioned hotel offers a swimming pool surrounded by sun loungers. Free Wi-Fi is provided in the guest rooms.Rates: EUR 75.00 - 75.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 11
Hotel Mas des LysRoute D'arles D570, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer Hotel Mas des Lys is situated in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in the Camargues region, a 30-minute drive from Arles. It offers an outdoor pool and air-conditioned guest rooms with a private terrace.Rates: EUR 77.40 - 0.00Stars: ★★Rooms: 27
Résidence Palma16, rue Alphonse Daudet, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerRésidence Palma is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer just 100 metres from the beach and village centre. You can explore the Camargue on horseback, on a bike, or on a 4x4, and admire the pink flamingos.Rates: EUR 63.33 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 4
Stephanie ImmobilierDifferent locations in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerStephanie Immobilier offers self-catering accommodations in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. All apartments are located within walking distance of the beach. All accommodations feature a terrace, a TV and a seating area.Rates: EUR 64.28 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 9
La Maison à la Mer30 rue des Penitents Blancs, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerLocated in centre of Saint-Marie-de-la-Mer, La Maison à la Mer is a self-catering villa, just 150 metres from the beach. Public parking is possible on site with an additional cost and Arles is 30 km away.Rates: EUR 70.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 1
Appartement Vue sur la Mer, Saintes Maries de la MerThalacap, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerFacing the sea, Appartement Thalacap - Saintes Maries de la Mer offers self-catering accommodation in the Camargue Natural regional Park with access to an outdoor swimming pool. Free Wi-Fi is available.Rates: EUR 71.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 1
Mas Des SalicornesRoute D'arles, 13460, Les Saintes Maries De La MerThis countryside hotel is just a 10-minute walk from the beach, in the heart of Provence. Each room features a terrace and guests can enjoy the outdoor pool. All of the guest rooms at the Mas Des Salicornes overlook the Provençal-style garden.Rates: EUR 95.00 - 159.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 24
Hôtel La PalunetteRoute d' Arles, 13460, Les Saintes Maries De La MerThe hotel La Palunette is located 1.1 km from the beach in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. It has an outdoor swimming pool and each guest room has a private terrace and panoramic views of the Launes Lake.Rates: EUR 95.00 - 150.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 12
Le Mas de Cocagneroute d'Arles, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerThis modern 4-star hotel features a heated outdoor swimming pool and a garden. It is located at the entrance of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, just 800 metres from the sandy beaches and the town centre.Rates: EUR 105.00 - 270.00Stars: ★★★★Rooms: 19
Thalacap CamargueJ Y Cousteau, 13460, Saintes-Maries de la MerThalacap Camargue faces the beach in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, 3 minutes from the city centre. It has an indoor swimming pool and outdoor, sea-water swimming pool and sauna and hammam.Rates: EUR 106.00 - 140.72Stars: ★★★Rooms: 65
Vila De La Mar & Spa1 bis rue Camille Pelletan, 13460, Saintes-Maries de la MerVila De La Mar & Spa is a small hotel featuring modern design located in the centre of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, 100 metres from the beach. There is a heated outdoor swimming pool, covered during winter, and a spa with hammam and hot tub.Rates: EUR 118.00 - 248.00Stars: ★★★★Rooms: 33
Auberge La LaguneRoute D' Arles D570, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerHave a relaxing stay in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, in the heart of Camargue, in the peaceful setting of Auberge La Lagune. Auberge La Lagune offers comfortable room with a cosy and soothing atmosphere.Rates: EUR 112.00 - 154.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 20
Holiday home Le Mas des Manadiers Stes Maries de la Mer, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerLe Mas des Manadiers is located 400 metres from the beach in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. Set across 2 floors, it offers a large living area, an east-facing terrace with a BBQ and free access to a shared swimming pool.Rates: EUR 113.86 - 9999.00Stars: ★★★Rooms: 1
Mangio FangoRoute d'Arles D570, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la MerSet just one kilometre from the village centre and the beaches, this hotel welcomes you in a heaven of peace, in the heart of a typical Mediterranean building nestled in a flowered area.Rates: EUR 125.00 - 360.00Stars: ★★★★Rooms: 21
Les ArnellesRoute d'Arles, 13460, Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerLocated in the heart of the Camargue Natural Regional Park, Les Arnelles features an outdoor swimming pool, a garden and a terrace in Les Saintes-Marie-de-la-Mer. Extras include horse riding and massages.Rates: EUR 130.00 - 0.00Stars: ★★★★Rooms: 15
Lou Mas Dou JugeRoute de Pin Fourcat, 13460, Saintes Maries de la MerAn 18th century Provencal house set in a 120-hectare park, Lou Mas Dou Juge is located 12 km from Saintes-Mairies-de-la-Mer. It features an on-site chapel and en suite accommodation.Rates: EUR 95.00 - 130.00Stars: Rooms: 11
Auberge Cavaliere du Pont des BannesD 570 Route D'Arles, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerSituated in a quiet natural environment in Saintes Maries de la Mer, in the heart of Camargue, this hotel offers comfortable rooms, 2 swimming pools, a tennis court and an equestrian centre.Rates: EUR 140.00 - 220.00Stars: ★★★★Rooms: 82
Mas le SauvageonD85 Route Du Bac du Sauvage, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la MerWith Arles 34 km away, the Mas le Sauvageon is located 4 km from Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer city center. This typically Camargue property offers two-level accommodation in a green countryside setting.Rates: EUR 105.00 - 115.00Stars: Rooms: 6
Hôtel Mas de la GrenouillèreRD 570 Chemin Bas, 13460, Les Saintes Maries de la MerThis hotel and horse riding centre is set in a Provencal farm house in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in the Camargue Regional Nature Park. It has a garden and an outdoor pool lined with a sun terrace.Rates: EUR 105.00 - 95.00Stars: Rooms: 18
Mas du Menage en Camargue Manade Clauzelmas du menage RD 570, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerOffering free WiFi, Mas du Menage en Camargue Manade Clauzel is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. The property is 13 km from Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer beaches. Each room here will provide you with a TV and air conditioning.Rates: EUR 115.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 3
La roulotte "Les Saintes"Mas du ménage RD570, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerLocated on an equine and bull farm in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, just 25 km from Arles and 13 km from Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, Les Saintes is a traditional wagon-style wooden caravan. The property offers a furnished outdoor terrace and BBQ...Rates: EUR 120.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 1
Lodge Sainte HeleneChemin Bas des Launes, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerFeaturing an outdoor swimming pool, a garden and a terrace, Lodge Sainte Helene is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. This property is situated in a peninsula on Launes Lake and offers panoramic views and free WiFi access.Rates: EUR 150.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 14
Résidence Mas du TadorneChemin Bas des Launes, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerLocated in Camargue Regional Park, Résidence Mas du Tadorne offers self-catering holiday villas and caravans. It offers an outdoor swimming pool and is just 3 km from the seaside village Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.Rates: EUR 153.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 5
Gîtes Equestres Les Cabanes de Cambon - Saintes Maries de laChemin de Cambon - Les Cabanes de Cambon, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerGîtes Equestres Les Cabanes de Cambon - Saintes Maries de la Mer is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. Free WiFi access is provided in this holiday home. This property organises horse rides along the marshes, the beach and the Petit Rhône River.Rates: EUR 160.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 1
Hôtel L' Estelle en CamargueRoute du Petit-Rhone ( D38 ), Lieu dit Dromar, 13460, Saintes-Maries de la MerThis hotel-restaurant is located in Saintes-Maries de la Mer just 3 kilometres from the Sea and features an outdoor swimming pool and elegant guest accommodation.Rates: EUR 270.00 - 590.00Stars: ★★★★★Rooms: 20
Mas de La FouqueRoute du Petit Rhône, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerMas de la Fouque is located on the edge of the Camargue Nature Reserve, 2 km from the beaches and offers design accommodation, an outdoor swimming pool and an on-site bar.Rates: EUR 295.00 - 550.00Stars: ★★★★Rooms: 26
Gîte les Cabanes de CambonHameau les Cabanes de Cambon, 13460, Saintes-Maries-de-la-MerOffering free-use bicycles, Gîte les Cabanes de Cambon is located in Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. The property is in the heart of the Carmargue Regional Park. Guests can enjoy views of the surrounding marshland from the spacious private terrace.Rates: EUR 300.00 - 0.00Stars: Rooms: 1


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Announcement Follow us @paperandjewels on Twitter/FB/IG for sales/discounts!
Follow us @paperandjewels on Twitter/FB/IG for sales/discounts!
dptiller221 on May 9, 2016
dptiller221 on May 9, 2016
Multi Genre Shopping For Your Multi Tasking Life
I've always had a creative streak, I just never really knew what to do with it. I began with paintings then I started designing jewelry and now I've added digital prints to my list of things I love to make. I feel like I have a quirky sense of style - part of me loves bursts of bright colors and prints but part of me loves the smooth simplicity of geometric lines & minimalist colors. Basically, I design based on my mood. You'll find an unusual blend of items here; from jewelry to digital prints to stationery & whatever else I come up with. It may get crazy around here, but it'll never be boring.
Check out my jewelry shop:
Follow on social media for sales, coupon codes & new items:
Shop members
Paper and Jewels
Owner, Maker, Designer, Curator
Shop policies
Accepted payment methods
- Accepts Etsy gift cards
Please be aware that, in the case of digital prints/items, the files are delivered immediately after purchase, we do not offer refunds or exchanges. All sales are final.
Physical Items: Items typically ship 1-3 days after order is placed. We ship first class through USPS.
Refunds and Exchanges
Physical Items: If there is a visible error, please let me know. I do my best to send items in tip-top condition, but human error is possible. I will do what I can to make it right. Any refunds issued will be less shipping.
Additional policies and FAQs
A: If your jewelry requires cleaning, use a mild soap, water and a soft cloth. Rinse with clean water and pat dry. Never use jewelry cleaner on trend pieces. Jewelry cleaners are too harsh and may contain abrasives. We recommend using a polishing cloth for precious pieces.
Q: How do you know my address?
A: P&J will automatically ship items to the address listed on your Etsy order. If you need your product(s) sent to an address other than what is listed in PayPal, please send us in email (firstname.lastname@example.com) as soon as you've placed your order indicating the preferred shipping address.
Q: How long will it take to receive my order? Do you accept orders placed outside of the US?
A: We accept all domestic & international orders happily:)
Once shipped, most domestic orders take anywhere from 2 to 10 business days to arrive depending on the efficiency of your local postal service.
International shipping delivery times may vary between 2 and 12 weeks. If you need an order rushed, it may be possible for an additional fee. See shipping profiles for options.
Q: Do you accept large or special orders?
A: Absolutely! Several of my jewelry designs have been used for bridal parties, weddings, baby shower & birthday events. Please email (email@example.com) with any questions or ideas you may have!
Please refrain from asking for a discount after payment. If you have a code it may be used during purchase but will not be honored after purchase. Thank you for understanding.


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MIPS SDK and MIPS proSDK offer powerful capabilities for developers targeting any MIPS-based platforms, from entry-level MIPS development boards through to high-end multi-core SoC-powered systems.
Imagination, owner of the MIPS IP product range, says that the Codescape tools for MIPS give developers all the options they need, whether they are a student using one of a growing range of low-cost MIPS development boards, or a team of software professionals creating advanced MIPS-based heterogeneous multi-core systems based on the latest MIPS Warrior CPUs. Codescape tools span any of MIPS cores, old or new, and also form a key part of Imagination's plans for development and debug of future heterogeneous systems. The company adds that this will be of increasing value to users as they look to Imagination not just for standalone IP cores, but for customisable IP-based platforms for differentiated SoC products.
The Codescape tools build on the open source GNU compiler and debugger (GCC and GDB) for MIPS, which are fully maintained by Imagination as part of the company's commitment to the growing open source community around the MIPS CPU architecture. Imagination says it continues to increase its contributions to the open source community, with more than 3x increase in upstream submissions over the past 12 months.
The Codescape MIPS SDK Essentials (MIPS SDK) includes all of the tools and resources needed to get started with MIPS software development, including bootloaders, linkers, example code, and more. This toolkit is available as a free download from Imagination's website for any developer getting started with MIPS-based software development.
The Codescape MIPS SDK Professional (MIPS proSDK) toolkit provides professional software developers with all the tools needed for advanced MIPS software development. It can be used for anything from low level bringup and evaluation of MIPS-based SoCs, through to complex application software development for a wide range of OS environments from Linux down to bare metal systems. The MIPS proSDK includes the latest Codescape


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Rachel's Massage Mildura
Back Pain, Remedial Massage, Massage Therapist
Remedial Massage focuses on any injuries, aches, pains, pre-existing traumas. The depth of massage is individualized to each clients body needs and requirements. Ranging from a relaxation style through to a very deep style massage depending on which area of the body is being worked on. You walk away from a remedial massage feeling you have been worked, but not pummeled or bruised.
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Tong ren
Explore related topics
Tong Ren Technique – French Translation | TomTam.com
Tong Ren Therapy: Beyond Acupuncture, $25.00
Tong Ren Station
Tong Ren Essentials Kit
Tong Ren Essentials Kit
Countless patients benefit from and are healed by Tong Ren Therapy. Each Tong Ren therapist has his/her own way of healing people. The effectiveness of the healing is high, and the cost is low. Tong Ren Therapy is extremely easy to learn. Basically there are three major techniques – with (1) the hammer, (2) laser beam, and (3) pins. Discing technique is the latest technique developed and applied in Tong Ren practices. http://wuhealing.com/en/info/tong-ren-healing
Welcome to Tong Ren Station, the home of Tong Ren Healing. Here you will find lots of information about Tong Ren, including an explanation of what it is, the history of how it was developed, schedules of classes (group Tong Ren healing sessions), webcasts of classes broadcast live over the Internet as they are being held, and resources for purchasing Tong Ren materials including books, manuals and supplies. Phone healings. Click photo. http://www.release-the-pain.com/pain-relief.html
tong ren energy healing
Tong Ren Energy Healing For Animals | Animal Wellness Guide
Tong Ren World I About Tong Ren Therapy


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Food science and technology bulletin : functional foods. Volume 6
ISBN/ASIN: 9781615835164,1615835164,9780860141907,086014190X | 2010 | rar | /0 pages | 2.02 Mb
Publisher: IFIS | Author: Glenn R Gibson
This book is a journal that delivers concise and relevant peer-reviewed minireviews of developments in selected areas of functional foods.
Category: Uncategorized


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Choose a department:
Rated 'Excellent' on Trust Pilot
"Great service, great organic vegan raw ingredients. Delivered within a few days. Highly recommend this company."
Susan Jane Duckworth,Published 20 October 2016
Organic Broccoli and Spinach Sauce for 9 months +. Two of nature's finest sources of goodness, but probably also two of your toddler's most dreaded veggies of all time!
Little Pasta Organics has solved this little conundrum by blending together all the ingredients so that they are nowhere to be seen.
Broccoli & Spinach Sauce ingredients: Ripe Italian Tomato Puree* (78%), Spinach* (6%), Broccoli* (4%), Carrots*, Onions*, Extra Virgin Olive Oil*, *Organically produced


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Forum indexCanon EOS 7D / 10D - 80D TalkChange forum
Fall Colors
Started Oct 16, 2012 | Discussions thread
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blogan wrote:
Yeah, nice stuff. I really like trees. We seem to like or enjoy the same things in nature. If you were to look at what I would consider some of my best stuff, you would see only trees. I have a problem with trees. They're great.
Thanks for the comments. And yes, nature is great; I love trees too
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Want to receive similar jobs about "Vintex Steel & Engg. Co" by email?Alert me
in steel/mining industry • Strong experience in techno commercial sales • Good Commercial Awareness • Willing to undertake travel • Excellent communication skills • Knowledge of tender business will be preferred Responsible for product marketing Making of product business plan Competition study Growth SPEARHEAD REQ, SR. SALES MANAGER/ ASM (MECHANICAL ENGG ), FROM MUMBAI /BANGALORE FOR LEADING MNC ****CANDIDATES FROM ...
Machinery functional Area Sales, Retail, Business Development Job Role Sales/Business Development Manager Keyword Heavy Forgings Forging Tool Steel Defence Sales Defence Marketing Selling to DRDO Selling to Ministry of Defence Heavy Machinery Heavy Engineering Technical Marketing Engineering Sales
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- Affiliations:
1 Børneafdelingen, Aalborg Sygehus, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus University
2 unknown
3 Department of Clinical Medicine - Børneafdelingen, Aalborg Sygehus, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University
4 Department of Clinical Medicine - Børneafdelingen, Aalborg Sygehus, Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University
- Abstract:
- BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood. The survival rate has increased steadily over the last 40 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All children aged 0-15 years and diagnosed in Norway in the period 1992-2000, were included in the study (n = 301). The patients were followed up until 1.1. 2005. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: The diagnosis was made in 301 children, 33 new cases per year (range 24 to 40) on average. The peak incidence was between 2 and 5 years. Four of 6 infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and all 4 with mature B-cell leukemia are alive. Two of the remaining 291 children died before treatment was started. 289 were all treated according to the common Nordic NOPHO-ALL 1992 protocol. All children achieved remission (99.7%), except for one who died before remission was achieved. 55 children (19%) relapsed. Radiation to the brain as part of central nervous system prophylaxis was given to just 10% of the children. The 10-year event-free survival (p-EFS) was 76%, and 244 of 289 (84%) were alive 4-13 years after the diagnosis was made. The data are comparable with the best international results. Udgivelsesdato: 2007-May-31
- Type:
- Journal article
- Language:
- Norwegian
- Published in:
- Norske Laegeforening. Tidsskrift, 2007, Vol 127, Issue 11, p. 1493-5
- Keywords:
- Adolescent; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Norway; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Risk Factors; Stem Cell Transplantation; Treatment Outcome
- Main Research Area:
- Medical science
- Publication Status:
- Published
- Review type:
- Peer Review
- Submission year:
- 2007
- Scientific Level:
- Scientific
- 2185821615


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The 2010 Crimespree Award winners were announced last Sunday in San Francisco.
Favorite Book of 2009: The Mystic Arts of Erasing All Signs of Death, by Charlie Huston (Ballantine Books)
Also nominated: Bury Me Deep, by Megan Abbott (Simon & Schuster); Tower, by Ken Bruen and Reed Farrel Coleman (Busted Flush Press); Trust No One, by Gregg Hurwitz (St. Martin's Press); and The Amateurs, Marcus Sakey (Dutton)
Favorite First Book 2009: Even, by Andrew Grant (Minotaur)
Also nominated: The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie, by Alan Bradley (Delacorte); Running from the Devil, by Jamie Freveletti (Morrow); A Bad Day for Sorry, by Sophie Littlefield (Minotaur); and The Ghosts of Belfast, by Stuart Neville (Soho Crime)
Best Book in an Ongoing Series for 2009: Walking Dead, by Greg Rucka (Bantam)
In addition, the Jack Reacher Award ("given to an author who is someone we would recommend to everyone we meet and is also great to their fans and gives back to the mystery community") went to Val McDermid.
The Crimespree Awards are sponsored by Crimespree Magazine.
Hat Tip: The Rap Sheet
Black Russian Bundt Cake & Homemade Kahlua - Today is *National Kahlua Day*. *Kahlua* is such a versatile liqueur. It is a Mexican coffee-flavored rum-based liqueur that's dense and sweet, with the t...
15 hours ago


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By Blerona We've been featured on the Nate Berkus Show! Fashion Expert Jill Martin talk women out of buying expensive clothes, and instead save them tons of money! One is by using M&J Pearls on strand for an office or day look. Check out the great video here. Pearls used for the show: 8mm 60" … Continue reading We've Been Featured…
M&J Featured On The Today Show
M&J Trimming's pearls and double face satin ribbons were featured on The Today Show yesterday with fashion expert and author of Fashion for Dummies, Jill Martin. Learn how to put together a stunning outfit for New Years. Watch the segment by clicking here.
M&J Trimming on NBC Today Show w/ Jill Martin
M&J Trimming was featured on NBC's Today Show yesterday the 26th of March. Contributor to US Weekly, Jill Martin gave some great tips on different ways you can dress up the white collar shirt from your closet. Besides the "Little black dress" that every woman should have in her closet, there is also the white … Continue reading M&J Trimming on NBC Today Show w/ Jill Martin


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December 17, 2012
The National Institutes of Health has awarded Mark T. Hamann, a University of Mississippi pharmacognosy professor, $1.6 million to research potential drugs for treating hepatitis C. Dr. Hamann, principal investigator, stated that recent data suggest that endophytes are actively involved in the biosynthesis of established drugs, and have the ability to produce drug or druglike molecules; therefore, the researchers are focusing on bacteria and fungi that live in plant tissues. He explained that the research will explore various endophytes and develop better ways to culture or grow them. After they grow the bacteria and fungi, the researchers will assess their ability to produce potential drugs for hepatitis C and their response to various forms of stimuli.
Hamann's students are working on individual projects related to the research goal. These include the purification and characterization of new natural products; developing better methods and tools for characterizing complex natural products generated from microbes; and the study of Xylella fastidiosa, a bacteria that can kill grapes, citrus plants, and hardwoods. This bacterium acts as a pathogen but lives inside healthy plants. It generates new metabolites and well-established drugs that were thought to be generated only by soil bacteria. Another student is studying the fruits of several endangered species with the assistance of a U.S. Forest Service plant pathologist. One such species is Lindera melissifolia, a plant commonly known as pondberry. So far, they have found that the plant has some tick- and insect-repellant properties.
In addition to the primary goal of investigating endophytes as a source for new drugs to inhibit hepatitis C, the team is also evaluating the bacterial extracts against a broad group of targets associated with infectious diseases, cancer, and neurodegeneration.
Adapted from:
Infection Control Today
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|Really Rapid Review -- CROI 2017, Seattle


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Neale Donald Walsch Quotes About ChallengesQuotes about: Challenges
Abundance Acceptance Attitude Awakening Awareness Belief Books Caring Cars Challenges Change Changing The World Children Choices Christ Coincidence Compassion Conflict Consciousness Creation Decisions Desire Destiny Difficulty Disappointment Doubt Dreams Earth Effort Emotions Enemies Energy Evidence Evolution Exercise Expectations Experience Eyes Failing Fear Feelings Giving Giving Up Glory Goals God Gratitude Growth Guilt Happiness Hate Healing Heart Heaven Hell Helping Others Home Honor Humanity Inspirational Journey Joy Judging Judgment Language Laughter Law Of Attraction Letting Go Life Lifetime Literature Live Life Love Love Relationships Lying Magic Manifestation Meditation Miracles Mistakes Motivational Opportunity Pain Past Perfection Perspective Prayer Purpose Purpose Of Life Reality Responsibility Sadness Salvation Son Soul Spirituality Struggle Students Survival Teachers Teaching Today Tradition Truth Understanding Universe Values Vision Waiting Walking Winning Worry Writing
How you experience your life depends on how you look at it. If you look at it as a constant stream of difficulties and challenges, messes and problems, it will show up that way. If, on the other hand, you see it as a continuing flow of good fortune, one good thing after another, that is what you will encounter.
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Neale Donald Walsch
- Born: September 10, 1943
- Occupation: Author
- Cite this Page: Citation


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- Shows
- Idle Thumbs
Weekly, publishes Thursdays.
February 23, 2017
On this week's Idle Thumbs, enjoy the first full episode of "Important If True," our newest podcast (surrounded by some dumb Idle Thumbs pre-roll and post-roll in classic fashion). We hope you enjoy it! If you do, head to importantiftrue.com to hear more—the second episode is already live.
And never fear: next week is Idle Thumbs Episode 301. Join us!
Want to support Idle Thumbs and hear the rest of Important if True ad-free? We have a Patreon campaign for that!
February 16, 2017 You look around the table and see faces that comfort you. Maybe they don't look exactly how you expect, but in their presence you feel safe and at home. More faces appear on a big screen in the corner you didn't notice before—faces you haven't seen in ages, not in this room at least. This isn't what you expected. As face after face fills the screen, you feel something growing in your throat, and realize it's an overpowering sense of nostalgia as you get to spend time hanging out with a bunch of friends you miss. Eventually, a montage goes on way too long and you delete the episode before it's over. (We'll be back in two weeks with another episode. See you then!) Discussed: Nontraditional use cases for 3D televisions, invert-X vs invert-Y, resisting scratching an itch, Mortal Kombat, Metal Gear Solid, nostalgia in virtual spaces, brotherhood and growing up, what we look like, Cribbage with Grandpas, Resident Evil VII, Dark Souls, living in haunted houses from the 1970s, Idle ThumbsCheck out Chris, Nick, and Jake's new weekly series, Important If True! Want to support Idle Thumbs and hear our new show ad-free? We have a Patreon campaign for that!
February 9, 2017 Your burning questions were so white hot they melted through the mailbag, through the table, and through two stories of floor and ceiling. Join us three floors below the earth in the Idle Thumbs underground bunker (now with mail-shaped skylight) as we get down and dirty with what's left of your letters. Discussed: Donkey Kong Jr., Solar Jetman, Super Metroid Rotation, Dwarf Fortress, Skyrim, Dr. Mario, Doctor Mario (D. Cronenberg, 1992), League of Legends, Freecell, Animal Crossing
February 2, 2017 It's Reader Mail! Episode 300 is looming big on the horizon, but we pushed it back a ways so we can live in this moment together and enjoy what we have. Join us in delaying the inevitable, with an all-reader-mail, all-video-games podblast. Discussed: Spyro the Dragon, Minecraft, Myst, Dark Souls, Bloodborne, Donkey Kong Country
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Your Green Team
Lawn Care, Lawn Care Service, Lawn Fertilizer
Leave the health of your Central Florida property to us, year-round. Tapered to the climate conditions and risks of the area, we provide scheduled, science-driven treatments in every season. Commercial lawn programs include:
-Weed Control
-Tree and Shrub Care
-Outdoor pest control
Landscapes are valuable, regardless of the nature of your business. But we understand that the purpose may vary. Whether you're a restaurant hoping to welcome customers, or an employer seeking to improve employee productivity and communicate value to visitors, we can help. We offer consultations, unique designs, and installations for your commercial landscaping needs in the Tampa area.
We offer irrigation system planning, installation, repair, and maintenance. Each of these services are focused on maximizing the benefit of this investment. We improve placement, functionality, efficiency, and more, so your irrigation is perfectly automated and distributed for years to come.
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We always begin with an on site consultation so we can hear your vision and see the landscape firsthand. Knowledge
Your Green Team combines the simple mechanical process of core aeration with our customized, superior service to yield visible results
An irrigation system is an easy way to reduce the time involved in maintaining your lawn while still ensuring uniform,
The Perimeter Pest Control is a multi-treatment service involving the application of a safe 'insect shield' around the exterior of
While many Florida lawns face similar risks, including soil diseases, harsh climate conditions, weeds, grubs, and more, we've been here
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