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Tuesday, January 29, 2008
Seed Exchange Review
I was able to attend the Washington Gardener Seed Exchange on Saturday and it was probably the best gardening deal in the area!!
The event was hosted by Kathy Jentz, the bubbly editor of Washington Gardener magazine, who kept the event light and friendly, but moving forward on a tight schedule with really good structure around the seed swap itself.
The afternoon began with check in, a goodie bag (loads of seeds!), and a welcome from Kathy. The first speaker was Gene Sumi, from Homestead Gardens, who gave a very informative talk about hardening off seedlings. It was the first time I absorbed how long this process should take (7 -10 days) and exactly how to do it (place the flat in cold sunshine for 30 minutes the first day, longer each subsequent day).
Then Mark Smallwood [pictured here] from Whole Foods Market spoke about companion planting – and about his long history working with an organic farm and as the refuse/recycling czar at Whole Foods. Mark is an ex-sports coach and you can tell – it was a rousing and very informative talk!
A gentleman from USDA (he was a last minute sub and I didn't write down his name) [Bob Greisbach - KJ] gave an overview of how each of us small gardeners impacts the biodiversity and gene pool when we save seeds. The impact is both good (preserving old varieties) and bad (saving seeds of hybrids or non-representative varieties). Enlightening and really not preachy – loaded with science!
A delicious light break was provided by Whole Foods. Then it was time for show and tell—those who brought interesting seeds told the stories of them. Kathy introduced some of the special participants in the crowd.
Then it was time for the seed swap. It wasn't necessary at all to bring in seeds (I didn't!), although that would be fun. The group went up three times (in smaller groups) to select one packet of seeds each time; once this was done, it was a free for all for 15 minutes. Any leftover seeds were given to local groups. The varieties of seeds were very nice and not overwhelming. Some regular plants like marigolds, lettuces, sunflowers – some unusual plants like golden rain tree, trumpet creeper (eek!), and monarda.
The Washington Gardener holds a photo contest each year; next on the agenda was the review of the finalists and the naming of the winners – very fun! Then the final door prizes were awarded (she had probably 25 very nice door prizes!)!!
I would encourage anyone to go next year! You don't even need to pick up any seeds (you get so many in the goodie bag…), the speakers were just top notch!!
5 comments:
- kate said...
This is a wonderful idea. I would so love to have something like that here.
- WashingtonGardener said...
Next "National Seed Swap Day" is 1/31/09 -- always the last Sat in Jan. And yes, we needto change that to INTERnational Seed Swap Day - love to have you join in.
- dogwooddesigner said...
Wow, I wished I had tuned in ahead of time. I would have loved to come to the seed swap. I would like to try the photo contest, too. Does anyone know of other ones coming up? Maybe it will get me taking more pictures.
- WashingtonGardener said...
I just got an email from National Wildlife Federation fortheir photo contest - very similar to ours but obviously more on wildlife/animals tahn plants. So that might befun to try. Don't forget to take garden photos all through the 2008year for entry into our 2009 competition. And hope to see you at next year's Seed Exchange too.
- The Cheap Vegetable Gardener said...
Definately will need to mark that on my calendar next year


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subset: commoncrawl


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Photo: Erin Kunkel; Styling: Nissa Quanstrom
This simple flavor combination, contributed by Molly Hill, of Calistoga, California, adds just the right amount of sweet spice to ordinary fruit and yogurt. Try it for breakfast, an afternoon snack, or a healthy take on dessert.
Serves 4
Total time: 15 Minutes
Recipe Time
Total: 15 Minutes
Nutritional Information
Calories 187
Caloriesfromfat 12 %
Protein 13 g
Fat 2.5 g
Satfat 1.8 g
Carbohydrate 30 g
Fiber 3.2 g
Sodium 38 mg
Cholesterol 5.7 mg
3 tablespoons sugar
2 teaspoons grated fresh ginger
1 tablespoon lime juice
3 oranges, segmented
1 cup quartered strawberries
2 cups low-fat Greek yogurt
1 to 2 tsp. honey
1. Cook sugar, ginger, lime juice, and 3 tbsp. water in a medium saucepan over medium heat until sugar dissolves, 1 to 2 minutes. Remove from heat and let cool slightly, about 5 minutes.
2. Combine oranges and strawberries in a small bowl, then pour warm syrup over fruit.
3. Divide yogurt among 4 parfait glasses or bowls. Drizzle each with honey. Spoon fruit mixture over yogurt.
April 2013


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The said forty days of this watchman in Nairobi finally reached after he was caught on camera having sex with his boss' wife in his absence.
The CCTV camera that is hidden in the house captured the horny watchman stimulating "lungula" with his boss' wife before unleashing his joystick on her.
Here are some images captured from the CCTV. We will upload the video in our next up-dates and shame this cheating wife and the randy watchman.
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Have you ever seen a movie so bad that it's amazing? Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas want to hear about it! We'll watch it with our funniest friends, and report back to you with the results.�Looking for the archives? All episodes older than 6 months can be found exclusively on Howl.FM, ad-free. Use promo code 'Earwolf' for a 30-day free trial.
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May 21st, 2013
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All roads lead to this. Thats right, Fast & Furious 6 is coming out this weekend and you NEED to go see it immediately. Plus, Paul crowns a winner of the Corrections & Omissions for Joyful Noise & explains whats a good booty call window as he answe...
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【island】travel collections (Travelog)
This is a summary of all the Logbooks (Travelogs) related to island that we have available for the North Central Province(Maldives) area. Please go ahead and click on them if you want to read their contents. Does reading about island in North Central Province(Maldives) make you want to go there too? In that case let's start planning your next trip!
2010-02-24 - 2010-02-24


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Description and amenities
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The unique design of these exclusive apartments permeated with the spirit of good old Italy, immersed in green and full of silence and peace. Convenient functional layout, exclusive finishes, designer decor is stylish and harmoniously coexist in this luxury spacious apartment with two separate bedrooms, a huge bathroom, swimming pool «Jacuzzi» and a panoramic view from the window.
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Two Bedroom
121 Saksahanskoho Street, Centre, Kiev
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Denver Hayes
Women's 2-Pack Bamboo Twisted Sock
Description / What it's For
This two-pack of rayon from bamboo socks is made with a non-restrictive ribbing that keeps them on securely. These socks offer a cosy and comfortable fit and a super-soft feel that your feet will love.
Style: 6DUDDHAS-28071
Features / How it works
Wash cold, inside out, dry low
Women's 2-Pack Bamboo Twisted Sock is rated out of 5 by 13.
Rated 5 out of 5 by betsyboop from I LOVE these socks! These socks are so soft, so warm and very durable.
Date published: 2017-01-23
Rated 3 out of 5 by JeanCW from Not as good as they used to be I bought these socks a few years ago and they were lovely - soft, comfortable, just the right amount of elasticity. These newer pairs are not as nice unfortunately - they're not as soft, the insides feel a little slippery and there is less elasticity. Not sure if they changed manufacturers, but it sure feels this way. They're okay now, but definitely not great.
Date published: 2017-01-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by MummaCat from So soft I got these for Christmas and they are the best socks ever. They are soft and warm and comfortable. The toe seam does not cut into my foot and they are wonderful. Can't wait to buy a drawer full of these.
Date published: 2017-01-08
Rated 5 out of 5 by Anonymous from Great Smelling Feet BAMBOO socks are THE solution to family member's chronic foot odour problems. Once they wear BAMBOO there is no more foul fungal odor conditions. (Just throw out all the socks that are not BAMBOO). Have only bought BAMBOO socks like these exact ones and problem solved. HINT: Stay away from socks where they are adding NYLON to the BAMBOO. Nylon CANNOT breath. BAMBOO has very odor absorbing qualities and is really unique that way. Also the BAMBOO is very cozy, soft & warm too. (Also order the LARGEST sizes and you will find them very comfortable & they will last for years & years).
Date published: 2016-02-16
Rated 5 out of 5 by Sahoyaref from My Favourite Socks! I have been buying these socks for years, and no other socks even come close in terms of comfort. These are just sooooooo soft, with the perfect amount of stretch. I do wish they were more durable, but that's just the nature of bamboo rayon. I find that these socks get holes in the heels and toes about a month or two before some cotton socks I bought at the same time. Just something to be aware of; these are still my favourite socks!
Date published: 2015-11-17
Rated 1 out of 5 by wantquality from Great sock for about 4/5 wearings Great sock if you only want to wear them for 4 or 5 times then they wear out at the ball of your foot. Very disposable sock. They use to be a lot better, unfortunately the quality is gone!
Date published: 2014-11-18
Rated 4 out of 5 by Alice from Soft and warm My first pair developed holes in the heels fairly quickly after I bought them. I hope the other pairs I have don't do that because they are soft, warm and very comfortable. I bought several packages of them.
Date published: 2014-01-15
Rated 5 out of 5 by Shelley22 from Bamboo Socks I have worn these socks for a few years. I started buying them for my daughters for christmas and now they ask for them every year.
Date published: 2013-01-09


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 30, 1996
|Filing date
|Oct 21, 1994
|Priority date
|Dec 29, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael P. Doane
|Original Assignee
|Doane; Michael P.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (26), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The above-identified application is a continuation-in-part of prior application Ser. No. 08/145,544 filed Nov. 4, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,564, which in turn is a continuation-in-part prior application Ser. No. 07/998,195, now abandoned, filed Dec. 29, 1992, now abandoned the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to the field of exercising apparatus for athletic activity, and more specifically to a waterless swimming trainer. The exercising apparatus can be used to improve strength and technique.
Learning to swim and training to become a better swimmer are both facilitated by the trainee or swimmer practicing exercises and repetitive routines. The exercises help to refine the motions that the swimmer should use to swim efficiently. Some exercises also strengthen the muscles that are used in making the swimming motions.
It is well known that weight training, or weight lifting can improve a swimmer's performance due to the increased strength resulting from the weight training. There are many forms of weight training. The trainee can use free weights of various weights, shapes and sizes, and can move them about according to many different patterns. The trainee can also use weight training machines, which generally provide a specific staging devoted to development of a particular muscle or muscle group. The staging forces the user to apply muscular force against a resistance and to move his/her limbs through a specific path. The resistance can-be provided by stacks of weights engaged by pulleys. The resistance can also be provided by pneumatic cylinders, or by cams connected to large inertial masses. Typically, the user can quickly adjust the amount of weight, or pneumatic resistance, so that the user can change the weight he/she is using, or so that the machine can be used by many different users of different strengths, or following different exercise regimens.
It is also well known that an athlete's muscles develop in a way that is desirable for practice of a particular sport or motion by the actual practice of that sport or motion. Thus, the muscles that a sprinter needs develop by virtue of sprinting. The muscles that a swimmer needs develop by virtue of swimming. It has also been known that the athlete's muscles grow larger, or develop more quickly, if they are applied to overcome a resistance that is greater than that typically encountered by the actual sport, if the resistance is applied in a way that simulates the motions that the athlete should use when actually performing the sport. Thus, the prevalence of stationary bicycles, rowing machines and cross-country ski simulators.
Known devices, referred to as "swim benches," attempt to simulate the swimming action with a resistance for weight training. In the most rudimentary design, the swim bench includes a bench or platform on which the swimmer lies, and handles or paddles attached by cable to weights that move up and down as the swimmer completes and returns each stroke. Although such a device exercises the muscles used in swimming, the dynamic forces required to lift a weight against gravity do not simulate the dynamic forces exerted on the hands and body while swimming. Thus, the rudimentary swim bench does not accurately simulate swimming. It does not feel like swimming to the user. An additional drawback of using this sort of a weight resistance is that there is not damping to slow the weight down at the end of the stroke. Thus, the user must slow hand motion down at the end of the stroke to keep the weight from flying out of control. In swimming, as explained below, it is desirable to accelerate at the end of the stroke, rather than slowing down.
In order to explain the operation of known devices, and point out their drawbacks, it is necessary to present the inventor's theory of the dynamics of swimming. This theory is the inventor's own, and its development is considered to be part of the invention.
Very little research has been conducted regarding the dynamics of the swimming stroke. However, several factors have been identified by experienced swimmers. For instance, a higher resistance to hand motion arises in response to higher hand velocities. Further, at high swimming speeds, the forward speed immediately decreases if the stroke slows. It is also important to note that, to swim quickly, an experienced swimmer accelerates the hand at the end of the stroke. Thus, this sort of hand motion should be permitted. That is, for instance, there should not be any artificial impediment which increases the resistance to the hand at the end of the stroke simply by virtue of the position of the hand. Another impediment to this acceleration at the end of the stroke is a weight that has been previously accelerated by the user, and that must be slowed down at the end of the stroke.
The inventor believes that the foregoing swimmers' experiences can be provisionally formalized as follows. The torso and legs can be modeled like the hull of a ship. The dynamics of the hand and body motion are shown schematically in FIGS. 6a, 6b and 7. FIG. 6a shows schematically a swimmer 600 swimming through the water in three positions: beginning (600b in bold line), middle (600m, in normal line) and end of a stroke (600e, in dotted line) with the right arm, similarly designated 602b, 602m and 602e. (For clarity, the swimmer's left arm is not shown.)
In an ideal situation, a swimmer would cast an arm 602 forward, plant it in the water, and then pull the body 600 through the water, past the hand, and beyond, just as if a bar were fixed in the water and the swimmer were pulling himself through the water by grasping the bar. However, this situation does not exist in water, since there is no bar and water can not be grasped firmly. Some of the water moves backward in response to force applied to it, and further, some of the water leaks around the swimmer's hand and through the swimmer's fingers.
If there were a bar, the swimmer's hand would be stationary with respect to the bar (and the pool foundation) during the catch portion of a stroke, as the body moved forward. The hand would not move forward until the return portion of the stroke brings it out of the water and around. In reality, however, the hand moves backward a small amount during the course of the stroke. This is indicated by the three hand positions 604b (beginning of stroke), 604m (middle of stroke) and 604e (end of stroke). Thus, relative to the pool foundation, during the course of a single stroke, the swimmer's torso moves forward a distance t, while the hand moves backward a distance h. The better the swimmer, the smaller the distance h. Further, the quicker the stroke, the smaller the distance h. For a competent swimmer, swimming moderately fast, h is on the order of six inches (15 cm) and t is on the order of four to five feet (1.5 m), depending on the swimmer's height.
FIG. 7 shows the local environment around the swimmer's body 700 during a stroke. The body is being pulled and forced through the water by the swimmer's hand and arm. The water flows around the swimmer's body. (Relative to the body, if considered stationary, the water flows in the direction indicated by streamlines W. Relative to the stationary pool foundation, the water is virtually stationary and the body moves in the direction of the dotted arrow B.) Like any object in a fluid flow, the water presents a viscous force against the relative motion of the body. Since the water is virtually stationary with respect to the pool foundation, the relative velocity is essentially equal to the velocity of the swimmer's body to the pool foundation.
An additional force also opposes the motion of the body. This force is known as a "pressure drag" which arises due to the fact that turbulence is generated downstream of the body (i.e., at location 708), thereby causing a pressure differential between the upstream end 706 of the body 700 and the downstream end 708, tending to push the body 704 in the direction from high pressure to low pressure, i.e. in the direction the fluid is flowing relative to the body. This is opposite to the direction that the swimmer's body is moving, relative to a stationary pool foundation.
The inventor believes that both the viscous and the pressure drag forces are proportional to the cube of the relative velocity between the fluid and the body.
For a body moving through a fluid, the foregoing fluid dynamics result in a component of the force on the swimmer's body according to the following formula:
F=K*Vbody 3
where K is a constant related to each swimmer's body shape.
The swimmer's hand also experiences the same sorts of viscous and pressure drags, however they are applied to the hand in the opposite direction from which they are applied to the body, since the relative motion between the hand and the water is opposite to that of the body and the water.
The force set forth above is the force that the swimmer must apply to his body to move the body at the speed Vbody. Ignoring the swimmer's kick, all of this force must be applied by virtue of interaction between the swimmer's arms, hands and the water. Thus, the force applied by the water to the swimmer's hands and arms is also proportional to the cube of the velocity of the swimmer's body.
The inventor believes that, while the foregoing theoretical explanation is apt, other factors may contribute to the forces experienced by the hands and arms moving through the water such that the force applied by the water is proportional to the velocity of the body raised to a factor greater than two and less than or equal to three. This belief is supported by subjective experiments, comparing the feel of different types of swim benches to actual swimming.
With some types of swim benches, including the type of the present invention, the swimmer's body is stationary relative to the ground, and the swimmer's arms move against a resistance. This is analogous to the situation during actual swimming, as viewed from the position of the swimmer's body. It seems that the body remains stationary as a stream of water flows from the swimmer's head to his feet, with the swimmer's hands moving past the swimmer's body at approximately the speed of the water. This situation is shown schematically in FIG. 6b. The swimmer's body, 600, remains stationary, while three arm positions, beginning (604b), middle (604m) and end (604e) are shown respectively. The total distance the swimmer's hand moves relative to the body is equal to the distance t the torso would move forward in the water relative to the pool foundation, minus the distance that the swimmer's hand moves relative to the swimmer (h), for a total distance of t-h. Thus, during the same time, the swimmer's body moves a distance t through the water, while the stationary trainee's hand moves a distance t-h in the opposite direction through the air. As has been mentioned, for better, more efficient swimmers, the slippage distance, h, is approximately equal to zero.
Thus, for a trainee using a swimming bench, the speed of the hand is approximately equal to the speed the swimmer's body would be moving through water. As mentioned above, the inventor believes that the force experienced by a swimmer's hand while moving the body through the water includes a component that is proportional to the cube of the velocity of the body (or proportional to a power of the velocity of the body greater than two and less than or equal to three). Since the velocity of the hand through the air is approximately equal to the velocity of the body through the water, it follows that if a force is applied to the hand that includes a component that is approximately proportional to the cube of its velocity through the air (or a power of the velocity greater than two and less than or equal to three) for the velocities in question, that force will simulate the force that the hand actually feels when moving the body through the water. It will feel to the trainee as if he is moving his hand against water in the act of swimming.
Other swim benches have been proposed and used, differing from the rudimentary design mentioned above (lifting a weight against gravity), principally in the resistance mechanism. One resistance mechanism is a spinning inertial mass connected to the cables. As the hand paddles are accelerated, the forces on the hand increase proportionally to the angular acceleration of the mass. The force to increase a velocity of the hand pulling the paddles, is equal to the inertial mass, times the angular acceleration of the mass (which is directly proportional to the translational acceleration of the paddles). Once the disk is spinning fast enough, the swimmer can stroke quickly from the start and accelerate through the finish of the stroke, as is desired for a fast swim.
A drawback of the inertial mass as the resistive element, is that there is no way to adjust the resistance, so it is difficult to accommodate multiple users having strengths spread over a wide range. Further, it is possible to cause the disk to spin so fast, that the arms must move faster than is reasonably possible in the water to keep up with the disk. Consequently, it becomes more difficult to accelerate the arm through each stroke, thus detracting from the accuracy with which the apparatus simulates swimming. Most importantly, the spinning inertia does not present a resistance that feels at all like swimming.
Another proposed resistance mechanism is commonly used, and is similar to stretching a large rubber band or rubber tubing. This mechanism has the advantage that it is simple to implement. The tubing is attached to the handles upon which the swimmer pulls. The resistance force applied to the hand is equal to the spring constant of the tubing times the distance the tubing is stretched from its rest position. Consequently, to move the same distance, the greatest force is applied to the hand at the finish of the stroke. The initial tension can be adjusted, for instance by pre-stretching the rubber element.
A major drawback with this spring resistance apparatus is that it provides no simulation of the relation between force and the cube of hand velocity believed to exist in swimming. Thus, it does not feel like swimming. Typically, the spring constant of a rubber band-like tubing decreases at higher velocities, thus lowering the force required to cause a further extension. However,in swimming, the force at higher velocities increases.
Another form of known apparatus is an inclined monorail with a sliding bench. Such an apparatus is sold by Vasa Inc., of Williston, Vt. under the trade name "Vasa Swim Trainer." The swimmer lies on a bench and pulls on a pair of handles at the ends of a pair of inextendible cables or tethers. The handles do not move longitudinally with respect to the monorail, but they can move transverse of the monorail axis, essentially swinging in an arc with a radius that is the length of the tether. As the user applies force to the handles, the bench slides longitudinally along the monorail toward the handles. The user's body passes his/her hands, which move outward. Resistance is applied due to the incline of the bench, which is variable, and tension (apparently a spring). After each stroke, the swimmer relaxes and the tension and gravity pulls the bench back to the beginning of the monorail. The monorail is typically about eight feet long.
This system suffers from some of the drawbacks mentioned above in that it does not simulate the dynamic forces of swimming believed to be related to the cube of hand velocity. Consequently, it does not feel like swimming. Further, for strokes where each hand moves forward individually, such as the free-style, the body must move backward on the monorail before the opposite hand can be pulled. This jerky motion is far from that which is felt during swimming. Further, it is difficult to accelerate the hand at the end of the stroke, because at that phase of the stroke, the force applied by the tension in the spring is near its greatest, since it is near its fullest extension. The restrained hand motion also minimizes the verisimilitude the apparatus can offer. It is important to have the hand pass near to the body, not far from it. In most strokes, the swimmer must bring his hand either under, or to some extent, across his body. The Vasa trainer monorail prohibits passing the hand underneath the swimmer's body, particularly ahead of the body. Thus, this type of swim trainer does not exercise the muscles actually used in swimming.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,848 issued to Sleamaker on Jul. 9, 1991, discloses a monorail device that is similar to the Vasa trainer.
Another known apparatus is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,363, issued to Kennedy on May 16, 1989, which discloses an apparatus having a frame supporting a bench on which the user's torso is supported generally horizontally. Handles are provided attached to retractable cords and mounted on the frame. A tensioning means is provided to retract the cords, but its dynamic specifications are not noted. The bench has a vertically adjustable middle section, so that a bend of the user's body at the waist can be accommodated.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,791,646, issued to Marchignoni on Feb. 12, 1974, discloses an apparatus having a box support on which the user lies, and two triangularly shaped arm units. The box and triangular units house a geared mechanism that provides a resistance. The arms pull on levers that are attached to an anchor that is constrained to travel according to an elliptical path. The device includes an electric motor, which drives the anchors around the elliptical paths, as well as stirrups for the legs.
An additional drawback of all of the known devices is that none accommodate the rocking or rolling motion that is attendant to swimming motions using alternate hand motion, such as the free-style and backstroke. Typically, in such a stroke, as the swimmer finishes each stroke, the body rolls downward toward the side where the arm is pulling through the water. During the execution of these strokes it is critical that the hips remain stationary while the torso is rolled towards that side of the body where the arm is pulling through the water. It is well known that the hips should remain as close as possible to the horizontal position to maintain proper body orientation for the most efficient swimming strokes. In order to effectively simulate this smooth rolling motion with a machine the chest should be cradled in a device which allows an independent rolling motion of the torso while keeping the hips fixed in a horizontal position.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,674,740 issued to Iams et al. on Jun. 23, 1987 discloses a swimming trainer which allows for a rocking motion of the body during execution of the stroke. The drawback of this machine is that the entire body rocks because the entire frame moves as one. It is commonly recognized in the swimming world that the upper and lower body must move independently of each other to properly simulate swimming.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,158,513 issued to Reeves on Oct. 27, 1992 reveals a swimming training apparatus in which the user's body is supported in a generally horizontal position so the user can pull against hand paddles which activate a resistance mechanism. The unique thing about the apparatus is that it allows for independent rotation of a head support, the chest support, and the hip support. It appears that this meets the objectives of the inventor's design. The inventor believes that Reeves' apparatus would be very awkward to use because it does not cradle the user's chest. Furthermore the apparatus which allows for chest rotation forces the chest out of line with the head because its center of rotation is below the body. Using proper stroke technique the body should rotate about a center axis which is approximately in line with the spine of the body. Thus Reeves' apparatus does not simulate the rocking motion of swimming in the way the inventor believes is critical to proper body orientation.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, an apparatus is provided to enable dry land swimming training that simulates the dynamic forces applied to a swimmer's hands while swimming naturally. The dynamic forces are applied to the hand by driving a pump with the movement of the hands/paddles. The pump draws water or other hydraulic liquids from a reservoir and then forces it through an adjustable valve and back into the reservoir. The force versus hand velocity relationship of this resistance device very closely matches the inventors theory of the forces involved during swimming.
In accordance with another object of the invention, a waterless swim training apparatus is provide. The device includes a longitudinally extending base support member with a longitudinal axis and a cantilevered support frame having a lower end fixed to a first end of the base support member with an upward and longitudinally extending free end. A first body support has an upper surface receiving the hip portion of a trainee and is horizontally fixed to the support frame and extends upwardly therefrom. The first body support has a rear end spaced inwardly from a fixed end of the support frame and a first end of the support member. The device also includes a second body support having an upper surface that is substantially concave in shape and conforms to the shape of a torso of a trainee. The second body support is separate from and longitudinally spaced from the first body support and closer to the free end of the support frame. The second body support is mounted on the support frame for limited rotation about the support frame and is inclined upwardly relative to a plane defined by the first body support and the base support member. The training device also includes hand grasping features, e.g., handles, paddles, grips, etc., that are connected a second end of the base support member. Fluidic resistance means, e.g., water, oil, etc., cooperate with the hand grasping means. The fluidic resistance means can include a rotary driven fluid displacement pump with adjustable valves with a fluid filled reservoir.
A further object of the present invention is to enable swimming training while permitting the user to move his/her hands along the paths that are appropriate for good form and exercise of the muscles used in swimming, such as a stroke where the hands come under or across the hips at the finish of the stroke. Therefore the body should be supported by a single cantilevered beam secured to the base behind the hips of the user.
Another object of the present invention is to enable dry-land swim training that simulates the natural side-to-side rolling motion of the torso that the swimmer experiences when applying a stroke using alternate hands sequentially. This rotational motion is about a center axis approximately in line with the spine. The rocking motion of the chest support must be independent of the rest of the frame to allow the hips to maintain a horizontal position during the rocking motion of the chest.
Another object of the invention is to cradle the chest with foam padding to keep the body from rolling off the machine during the rocking motion.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a quiet, durable drive system for exercise equipment by using timing belts in conjunction with pulleys having one way clutches.
Yet another object of the invention is to permit the user of a swim trainer to adjust the resistance to a stroke while positioned on the apparatus.
Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustable fluidic resistance system, e.g., containing hydraulic fluid, that provides for a low resistance cycle, such that a pump associated with the fluidic reservoir can be deactivated when the hand grippers, paddles, etc., are brought from a position behind a trainee's hips forward to a resting position of the training apparatus.
The ultimate object of the invention is to provide a dry land swimming trainer that is of a sturdy and simple construction and can be manufactured in a stylistic design.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevation view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic front elevation view of the front edge of the torso support and supporting undercarriage.
FIG. 3 is a schematic top plan view of the apparatus of the present invention with all hidden parts shown.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of the resistance mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the resistance mechanism of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and return mechanism.
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram showing the relative position of a swimmer's body and hand through the pulling portion of a swimming stroke.
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram showing the relative position of a trainee's body and hand through the pulling portion of a training stroke on a device where the body remains stationary and the hands pull against resistance handles.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a swimmer's body moving through water during a swimming stroke.
FIG. 8 is a schematic top plan view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention a waterless swim training apparatus having a frame and a support for the trainee's torso is provided. The torso support is movable along a curve that is convex to the ground below, thus simulating the rocking, or rolling motion experienced in swimming.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the frame and body support of a swim training apparatus are arranged to provide an obstruction free region so that the user can practice breast stroke, butterfly, back stroke and free style strokes without touching any part of the frame, ground, etc. with his/her fingers. The obstruction free zone is roughly a circular hemi-cylinder, extending below the trainee's body.
In yet another preferred embodiment, a resistance mechanism is provided to resist motion of the user's hands. The resistance mechanism presents a force versus velocity relationship that simulates the force versus velocity relationship experienced during swimming. The resistance mechanism includes a pair of cables which drive a water or other hydraulic fluid displacement pump through the use of a one way clutch in the drivetrain. The fluid is drawn from a reservoir connected to the machine, through the pump and then forced through an adjustable flow valve. The valve orifice can be made smaller or larger to adjust the resistance of the mechanism. Over the hand velocities involved in swimming, such a mechanism simulates the feel of swimming. Thus, the present invention accomplishes its objects, including facilitating waterless swim training that actually feels like swimming, and properly exercises the muscles involved in swimming.
The preferred embodiments will be discussed with references to the drawings. The invention is shown schematically in a side elevation view in FIG. 1. A base 20 supports rear body support frame 29 and forward pulley support frame 28. The base 20 can be one piece, or two or more pieces, joined by fasteners. Using more than one piece facilitates disassembly and transport or storage of the apparatus. Similarly, the frame pieces can be separate, or can be part of a large, massive frame/base combination.
Rear frame 29 supports torso support 22 and hip support 21. Collectively, frame 29, torso support/rocker 22 and hip support 21 may be referred to as a body support. The torso support/rocker is sloped upward from the horizontal hip support at an angle between about 5 degrees and about 10 degrees and preferably not less than 5 degrees or greater than 10 degrees. Rear frame 29 can be fabricated from a single piece of tubular metal. Using a single piece cantilever to support the body from the rear results in high stresses where the frame 29 is secured to the machine base 20. To relieve this stress extra support 31 may be welded in place to strengthen it further.
These frame support stiffeners should be small enough that they never interfere with the hands of a user during the execution of a stroke. The hip support 21 is fixed to frame 29 by member 30. The torso support 22 is slidable along a curved track that is convex toward the ground and base 20. The means by which this slidability is facilitated is discussed below, with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
The front frame 28 and pulley support 25 carry a pair of pulleys 8 which rotate on shafts 27, each of which train a cable 7, which are terminated with a paddle 6. (Because FIG. 1 is a side elevation, only one of the pair of pulleys 8, cables 7 and paddles 6 is visible.) Cables 7 are threaded mostly parallel with respect to each other, with the exception of the area around the idler pulleys 16 which are secured either underneath or over the machine base 20. Each passes under a drive pulley or sprocket secured to the shaft 10 which rests in the bearings 11, through a hole in the base, over a pulley 15, it is then routed through the idler pulleys 16 and down the center of the machine where it is secured to a long spring which itself is routed around a pulley and then secured to a point near the front of the machine. This serves to return the paddles to their starting position after each stroke. When the paddles 6 are moved backward towards the hips the drive pulleys 9 engage and rotate the shaft 10. A spur gear 12, or other similar rotary power coupling device, rotates with the shaft which causes a second gear 13 to rotate. A one-way clutch 14 is secured between the gear 13 and the pump shaft 10. This one-way clutch may also be secured between shaft 10 and gear 12. This clutch should be mounted so that the pump shaft is forced to rotate when the paddles are moved backward towards the user's hips.
To use the invention, for a free-style stroke, a user rests his/her hips or upper thighs on hip support 21 and torso on torso support/rocker 22. The user's arm-pits and shoulders should be even with the forward edge of torso support/rocker 22 and rear frame 29. The user grasps one paddle 6 with each hand and performs the swimming motion, alternatively pulling one paddle and then the other. Upon pulling on paddle 6, cable 7 engages the drive pulleys 9 which drive the pump shaft and a resistance to motion of the paddles is developed. As the user pulls until maximum extension is achieved. The user then releases pressure on the paddle 6 to which pressure had been applied, and repeats the procedure, pulling on the other paddle 6 with the other arm. As pressure is released on the first handle, a return mechanism (discussed below) returns cable 7 and paddle 6 to the beginning position so that the handle will be ready when the user returns to stroke again with the first hand. The details of the hydraulic resistance and the sliding torso support/rocker 22 are explained below.
The frame 29 is sized so that the user's fingers do not touch the ground or the base 20 during the full extension of a normal stroke. It is also possible to provide an adjustable mechanism for frame elements 29 and 28, to accommodate users of significantly different heights.
Because the rear support frame 29 is essentially cantilevered from the base 20, it must be of sufficiently stiff material to support high torque around the rear, and also high bending stresses throughout its length. Suitable material includes 3" web steel channel, round tubing of 2.5" diameter, as well as many other structural shapes. The heavy gauge tubing also minimizes vibration.
When a swimmer practices strokes that feature the alternate use of one arm followed by the other, such as the free-style or back-stroke (as opposed to strokes that feature the simultaneous symmetric motion of both arms, such as the breast stroke or butterfly), the swimmer's body rolls in the water, first to one side, then to the other, and then back again. This rolling, or rocking motion, is satisfactorily simulated by sliding the torso support/rocker 22 along a curved track, which is convex to the ground. The means by which the torso support/rocker 22 is enabled to slide along a curved track is shown schematically with further reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
Typically in a freestyle stroke the user's hand follows a path generally indicated by the outline of the hemisphere HS. The return stroke also follows this path in reverse, rather than a standard, over-the-head recovery. This is because, as is explained below, on the recovery stroke, there is a spring force applied to the paddles 6 to return them to the rest position. If the hand were recovered over the head, as in swimming, the force applied by the elastic return mechanism, would cause discomfort. It is easier to return the paddles to their starting position by following this path. Additionally, the intent of the machine is to develop the muscles used during the catch portion of the stroke so there is no point in using an overhead hand recovery.
The torso support/rocker 22 is made from a single piece of formed plastic. There is an additional layer of foam padding which is secured to the top of the torso support/rocker 22. This torso support/rocker must be firm and durable enough to support the user's weight over many hours of use, and also soft enough so that the user is comfortable resting upon it. The torso support/rocker is formed with a curved top to cradle the user's chest. It has been found that a curved surface provides suitable comfort. From the top surface two crescent shaped pieces 34 extend below, each has a rolling surface on its bottom that is shaped according to the desired curve of motion. The crescent support pieces 34 are shaped so that their axis of rotation runs approximately even with the user's spine. Each has a radius of curvature of 8 inches. The axis of rotation is depicted in FIG. 3.
The crescent shaped support pieces 34 rest upon a pair of rollers 23, which can be made of polyurethane, wood, metal, or other suitable material. Polyurethane provides silent and smooth rolling. These rollers 23 are supported by rear frame 29 through roller mount 24. The rollers 23 are free to spin on axles 35. As is shown in FIG. 1, a set of rollers 23, crescent shaped support pieces 34, etc., is provided at both the forward and rearward edges of torso support/rocker 22, separated by about one foot. As the user tips his/her body naturally due to the motion of one arm or the other, the body tends to roll down on the side on which the arm is moving forward and downward. Because the torso support is free to slide on its crescent support pieces 34 along rollers 23, it does so, allowing the body to roll naturally down toward the center of the torso support/rocker 22.
For instance, if the user simulates a free style stroke, (also known as the "crawl") lying on his/her chest, and casts his/her right arm forward and downward into the space that would be below the water's surface, the torso support slides in the direction indicated by the arrows R in FIG. 3 (looking at the torso support/rocker 22 from the direction of the user's head). For the opposite, left-armed stroke, the torso support slides in the direction indicated by the arrows L. In a preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation of the bench is approximately five inches above the upper surface of the torso support/rockers' foam padding, which is approximately the location of the user's head and spine. Thus, as in swimming, the user's head does not move up and down during use, only the torso rotates.
In a preferred embodiment, the torso support/rocker 22 remains stationary with respect to the forward and rearward directions of the frame. Thus, it is necessary to prevent the bench from moving forward, despite the forces applied by the user through the paddles 6. The torso support is held down to the base by a resilient band 33 which is attached to the center edges of the torso support/rocker 22. It runs through two holes on opposite sides of the rear frame support 29 where it is secured with tubing clamps 36. The resilient band serves to hold the torso support/rocker onto the rollers 23. The crescent shaped support pieces 34 lie partially in the roller mount channel 24. This keeps the torso support/rocker 22 from moving forward when pressure is applied to the paddles 6.
The bench should return to a neutral position almost effortlessly. In order to assist the rolling of the body back to the neutral position between strokes, the resilient band 33 discussed above stretches on one side when the body is rolled downward during the catch portion of a stroke. When the body is rolled back to the neutral position the band 33 assists to pull the body back to the neutral position. The band or bands 33 may be rubber tubing or other elastic media.
A feature that contributes significantly to the authenticity of the feel of a swim bench is the dynamic response of the resistance mechanism.
A hydraulic resistance apparatus simulates these aspects of the resistance actually experienced in swimming, and is used in the present invention. As previously mentioned a fluid displacement pump 1, an adjustable valve 5, a fluid reservoir 2 and tubing 3 and 4 are connected as shown in the figures.
As the user pulls on the paddles 6, either of the drive pulleys 9 are rotated and cause the shaft 10 to rotate. The spur gear 12 also rotates with the shaft. The spur gear 12 causes the spur gear 13 to rotate. There is a one-way clutch 14 between the gear 13 and the pump shaft. The one-way clutch will transmit power from the gear 13 to the pump shaft when the paddles 6 are moved backward towards the hips during the catch portion of a stroke. The one-way clutch 14 will overrun the pump shaft when the paddles are returned to their starting positions during the stroke recovery. The pump 1 will draw fluid from the reservoir 2, through the tube 3 and then force it though the tube 4, adjustable valve 5 back into the fluid reservoir. By adjusting valve 5, the resistance to turning the pump shaft can be adjusted. Thus, weaker or stronger users can adjust the invention to their needs. It is possible to extend tube 4 and mount the adjustable valve 5 on base 20 or frame 29 so that it is accessible to a user while on the bench. Thus, the user can alter the resistance while using the apparatus.
The relationship between the force required to turn the shaft (through rearward movement of the paddles) and the velocity of the hands and paddles 6, is a force that is proportional to a power of the velocity between two and three. The inventor believes that the force applied to move water through the tubing 3 and 4 and the adjustable valve 5 is proportional to a cube of the velocity of the paddles or the angular velocity of the pump shaft and rotor. See generally, R. Fox and A. McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 336-370 (1973), which is incorporated herein by reference. The force versus hand paddle 6 velocity relationship of the hydraulic resistance mechanism makes the swimming machine "feel" like swimming. Thus, the dynamics of the hydraulic resistance system faithfully simulate the dynamics of swimming. Thus, the present invention permits motion of the swimmer's muscles through a path that simulates swimming, and also against a resistance that simulates swimming. A high and low, preferably very low, resistance cycle is provided.
Once the hand and paddle have reached the end of the stroke it is necessary to return the paddles and cables to their starting position. One end of each cable is secured to a long (˜60 inches) piece of resilient tubing 17. The tubing is routed around a pair of rollers 19 which rotate on shafts 18. The tubing runs parallel to the cables 7 and is secured to the underside of the base 20 near the front of the machine. The tubing stretches when the paddles 6 are moved backward during a stroke. The stretched tubing pulls on the cables 7 and paddles 6 during the arm recovery after each stroke.
In a preferred embodiment, the pump moves 4 GPM at a rotary speed of 1725 rpm. During normal operation between 1 and 3 gallons of fluid per minute will be moved through the pump, tubing and adjustable valve. Various sizes of tubing, valves and pumps can be used to provide the correct "feel" or resistance. A preferred embodiment uses 3/8" diameter tubing and a 3/8" adjustable needle valve. As has been mentioned, 1.0 cm diameter surgical tubing is adequate to return the paddles during stroke recovery. Any elastic member that returns the paddles 6 during the time the user recovers the stroke position is adequate.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in the top view of the base depicted in FIG. 8, the drive mechanism for activating the resistance mechanism is altered to make it both quieter and more durable. The primary means of obtaining the resistance uses a fluid displacement pump 101, an adjustable valve 105, a fluid reservoir 106 and hydraulic tubing 103 and 104 in manner similar to that previously described for FIGS. 1 and 5. The side profile of the machine of FIG. 8 (not shown) resembles the machine depicted in FIG. 1, with minor aesthetic changes which remain in the spirit and scope of the invention. The system for creating the resistance and supporting the body for the embodiment of FIG. 8, is the same as that of FIGS. 1-7. However, FIG. 8 includes a system for activating the resistance that is different and will be explained with reference to the elements shown in FIG. 8.
As the user pulls on paddles 107, either of the cables 109 move over the swiveling bracket mounted pulleys 108. Each of the cables 109 are routed down around different bracketed pulleys 110, and back up to a connection at the pulley mount cross-bar 111. The cross-bar 111 is supported by a front sweeping pulley support 126 which is mounted to a removable base 127 which is shown secured to the front portion of the base 125. This front section is closely similar to the front support frame 28 shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5, but it is shown in FIG. 8 in its removable form. When the paddles 107 are pulled back, the lower pulleys move up towards the swiveling pulleys 108 half the distance that the paddles 107 move back from the pulleys 108. Each of the lower pulleys 110 are connected to separate lengths of timing belt 112. The timing belt helps to transfer more power, more quietly, and with less fatigue than most other power transfer means. The timing belts 112 cause the timing belt pulleys 113 to rotate as they move with the pulleys 110. The timing belt pulleys 113 have one-way clutches 114 inserted in their hubs. A shaft 115 runs through the one-way clutches 114 and is supported at the ends by two pillow block bearings 116. The one-way clutches 114 will only transfer rotational movement to the shaft 115 when the hand paddles 107 are moved backwards. When the hand paddles 107 are returned forward the one-way clutches 114 rotate freely over the shaft 115 and do not cause it to rotate. The shaft 115 extends out from the pillow block 116 on one side of the machine where a larger timing belt pulley 117 is mounted on the shaft 115. The timing belt pulley 117 transfers power and rotation to a smaller timing belt pulley 119 through a closed loop timing belt 118. The timing belt pulley 119 is mounted on shaft 120 which is supported by two pillow block bearings 121. The bearings serve to take up any thrust load transfer to pulley 110 so that only rotational power is transferred to the pump 101. The pillow block bearings are mounted on a platform 128 which is attached to the base frame. Rotational power is transferred from the shaft 120 to the pump 101 through a flexible shaft coupling 102. The flexible shaft coupling 102 reduces shock loading to the pump 101 and accommodates for slight misalignment problems without creating undo wear on the pump 101. Flexible shaft couplings are readily available in many different styles which can be interchanged while remaining within the scope of the invention.
When the hand paddles 107 are moved backwards, the pump 101 is caused to rotate through the action of the drive mechanism previously described. The pump 101 takes fluid from the reservoir 106 through the hydraulic tubing 103, through the pump 101 where it is delivered by the hydraulic tubing 104 to an adjustable valve 105. From the valve 105 the fluid flows back into the reservoir 106. Adjusting the valve 105 adjusts the back pressure on the pump 101, which either increases or decreases the resistance to backward motion of the hand paddles 107.
When the user has completed moving the hand paddles 107 backwards they are retracted automatically by the return mechanism. At the rear end of the timing belt 112 a piece of surgical tubing 122 is attached to it. The surgical tubing 122 runs backward along the sides of the base where it loops around the bracketed pulleys 123 which are mounted to the rear of the base 124. The surgical tubing 122 then runs up to the front of the machine where it is secured to the front base piece 125. The tubing 122 stretches when the hand paddles 107 are moved backward and serves to return the hand paddles 107 to their starting positions by pulling backward on the timing belts 112 and in turn on the pulleys 110 and the cables 109, which are connected to the hand paddles 107. Thus the user will move the paddles through a high resistance and a very low resistance cycle.
The foregoing discussion should be understood as illustrative and should not be considered to be limiting in any sense. While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Any device that provides a frame that is supported wholly from the rear by a cantilevered frame so that the user's hands are free to pass beneath his/her hip and waist area during a beneath his/her hip and waist area during a stroke is within the scope of the present invention.
Any device that provides a rolling motion of the torso with an axis of rotation located between 4 and 7 inches above the top surface of the chest support, and which keeps the hips stationary in a horizontal position, and which cradles the chest in a padded curved cradle is in the contemplation of the invention.
Any resistance device which uses a rotary driven fluid displacement device with an adjustable valve as the primary means of resistance to backward movement of the hand paddles and cables is in the contemplation of the invention. This includes the resistance mechanism shown in the figures. The sizes of the pulleys, gears, tubing, valve and pump may be altered and still be in the contemplation of the invention.
If the device is to be used for simulating the conditions of a backstroke, the shape of the bench surface may be altered slightly to more comfortably support the user's back. Further, the radius of curvature of surface 38 may be altered slightly, providing for a larger radius, because the rolling in practicing the back stroke is most appropriately simulated by rolling around the surface of a circle larger than that appropriate for a crawl stroke. The rocking motion of the bench is still maintained, however, in the backstroke.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 9, 1932
|Mar 1, 1938
|Hudson Jesse B
|Apparatus for teaching swimming
|Mar 7, 1960
|Apr 16, 1963
|Wayfield David J
|Swimming instruction devices
|Jun 17, 1958
|Jul 14, 1964
|Wayfield David J
|Swimming instruction garment
|Sep 27, 1971
|Feb 12, 1974
|Marchignoni A
|Exercising and teaching apparatus for limb training and for teaching swimming
|Jun 23, 1983
|Aug 27, 1985
|Repco Ltd.
|Energy absorber for exercising machines
|Jun 11, 1985
|Jun 23, 1987
|Superspine, Inc.
|Exercise machine for simulating swimming motions
|Feb 5, 1988
|May 16, 1989
|Kennedy Robert J
|Dry land swimming training apparatus
|Jan 29, 1988
|Jul 4, 1989
|Rodgers Jr Robert E
|Swimming simulator
|Sep 16, 1987
|Oct 10, 1989
|Joseph Patrick Mcgillis
|Multidirectional exerciser
|Oct 4, 1988
|Jul 9, 1991
|Sleamaker Robert H
|Exercise machine with roller carriage mounted on monorail
|Sep 12, 1991
|Oct 27, 1992
|Reeves Michael P
|Swimming exercise and training apparatus
|Aug 16, 1993
|Dec 27, 1994
|Murray; John J.
|Swimming simulator
|Mar 21, 1991
|Sep 22, 1992
|Darcy K. Parker
|Resistance device for use with exercising machines
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 19, 1998
|Nov 7, 2000
|Profaci; John
|Swim training apparatus
|Jul 25, 2000
|Jun 25, 2002
|John Profaci
|Swim training apparatus
|Aug 10, 2000
|Sep 14, 2004
|Keith Van De Laarschot
|Swim stroke exercise device
|Nov 5, 2002
|Nov 1, 2005
|Jean-Fran�ois Bergeron
|Swim training apparatus and method
|Sep 18, 2004
|May 16, 2006
|Craig Askins
|Swim stroke guide
|May 3, 2004
|Sep 12, 2006
|Philadelphia Nutrition & Phitness, Inc.
|Exercise system and method for simulating a swimming motion
|Nov 29, 2006
|Nov 6, 2007
|Davis James H
|Dry swim trainer system
|May 27, 2005
|Sep 8, 2009
|Harbaugh Iv David Day
|Swimming simulation exercise apparatus
|Sep 24, 2004
|Sep 22, 2009
|Swimworks, Inc.
|Exercise apparatus
|Mar 22, 2006
|Oct 13, 2009
|Her-Chun Chen
|Swimming exercise device
|Oct 25, 2005
|Oct 8, 2013
|Swimworks, Inc.
|Exercise apparatus
|Oct 30, 2014
|Dec 15, 2015
|Roxy Development
|Swimming resistance trainer
|Mar 12, 2014
|Nov 22, 2016
|Lisha Zhou
|Elliptical prone exerciser
|Nov 5, 2002
|May 6, 2004
|Jean-Francois Bergeron
|Swim training apparatus and method
|May 3, 2004
|Nov 3, 2005
|Saul Robert M
|Exercise system and method for simulating a swimming motion
|May 27, 2005
|Dec 15, 2005
|Harbaugh David D Iv
|Swimming Simulation Exercise Apparatus
|Sep 18, 2004
|Mar 23, 2006
|Craig Askins
|Swim stroke guide
|Sep 24, 2004
|Apr 6, 2006
|Brian Zuckerman
|Exercise apparatus
|Oct 25, 2005
|Apr 6, 2006
|Brian Zuckerman
|Exercise apparatus
|Mar 22, 2006
|Sep 27, 2007
|Her-Chun Chen
|Swimming exercise device
|Apr 19, 2012
|Oct 24, 2013
|Her-Fa Chen
|Swimming exercise device
|Jun 29, 2012
|Jan 2, 2014
|Gary W. Hall, SR.
|Swimming resistance trainer
|May 27, 2014
|Sep 18, 2014
|Chad Bathey
|Core Exercise Device
|Mar 12, 2014
|Oct 8, 2015
|Lisha Zhou
|Elliptical prone exerciser
|Nov 18, 1999
|May 25, 2000
|John Profaci
|Swim training apparatus
|Nov 4, 2003
|May 21, 2004
|Bergeron Jean-Francois
|Swim training apparatus and method
|U.S. Classification
|434/254, 482/56
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 22, 2000
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 30, 2000
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 3, 2000
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20000730


text:
Tom Nealon
Leadership is... working with others to create a meaningful and compelling vision, nurturing the environment to bring it to life, and living by the Basic Principles that makes Southwest so unique.
TITLE: President
JOB DESCRIPTION: In his role as President, Tom is responsible for the Commercial, Finance, Technology, Corporate Delivery and Strategy & Innovation Departments. He will continue to foster the energy that Southwest—famous for its entrepreneurial spirit and creative problem solving—puts into developing innovative products, services, and processes. Before assuming the role of President, Tom served as the Executive Vice President of Strategy & Innovation at Southwest.
PRIOR EXPERIENCE: Group Executive Vice President, JCPenney, Partner with the Feld Group, Vice President & CIO at Frito-Lay.
LENGTH OF SERVICE AT SOUTHWEST: January, 2016
EDUCATION: Villanova University, BSBA, University of Dallas, MBA
FAMILY: my wife, Shannon, Jessica (19), Tommy (17), and Annie (14)
FIRST PAYING JOB: Paper Route when I was 12 years old
PROUDEST MOMENT: when I saw my wife holding our first child in the delivery room
BEST ADVICE EVER RECEIVED: "Always work hard, be prepared, and be nice to people." From my Dad, just before I got on the plane to move to Texas after graduating from college.
BEST ADVICE EVER GIVEN: "Always work hard, be prepared, and be nice to people." From me to our daughter Jessica as we were leaving her at her dorm freshman year.


text:
I use ffmpeg to publish video to wowza server, using the live-record stream type. I can see the recorded video in /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/content folder, but I can not play it through wowza.
First, I use ffmpeg to publish video. sample.mp4 is contained wowza.
After that, I can see 20.mp4 in /usr/local/WowzaMediaServer/content folder, it can be played by mplayer. However, I cannot play it througth rtmp://192.168.1.125/vod/mp4:20.mp4(using flash player) or rtsp://192.168.1.125:1935/vod/mp4:20.mp4(using mplayer).ffmpeg -i sample.mp4 -re -vcodec libx264 -vpre default -vpre baseline -f rtsp rtsp://192.168.1.125/live/20


text:
Legitimate Home Based Data Entry Jobs tokha
Published date: July 29, 2016
- Location: tokha
fill online form and earn $100 per report without selling a things!
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- This site is never involved in any transaction, and does not handle payments, shipping, guarantee transactions, provide escrow services, or offer "buyer protection" or "seller certification"
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text:
2. All for the Love of a Lady by Leslie Ford (2/9/17)
3. Spice Island Mystery by Betty Cavanna (2/10/17)
4. Deception Island by M. K. Lorens (2/13/17)
5. The Thursday Turkey Murders by Craig Rice (2/13/17)
Mystery Lover...but overall a very eclectic reader. Will read everything from the classics to historical fiction. Biography to essays. Not into horror or much into YA. If you would like me to review a book, then please see my stated review policy BEFORE emailing me. Please Note: This is a book blog. It is not a platform for advertising. Please do NOT contact me to ask that I promote your NON-book websites or products. Thank you.
Here's to a wonderful 2017 for all of us, Bev! Thank you for helping me advertize. Your post will be seen by several mystery readers. Join us, folks! I am reminding myself to link a wrap-up post at the review page for 2016. I'd love to see how your list came out so if you get a chance to add that, it can be the same post you started with if you like.
I really love my creative names for reading levels in My Kind Of Mystery and ETHEREAL but didn't want to confuse people into thinking they need to do anything but keep adding whatever fits my themes. Many for instance would claim a level and go no further. I'd rather they stay with me all year, play in the activities, reply to articles I write, discuss our progress generally. But since you & I like those atmospheric names for how far we get, I will add those jpgs to our first progress post. Yours, Carolyn www.CMRiedel.Wordpress.com


text:
Since wine 1.2.23 which is in the repository doesn't support my games installers and I don't want to revert back to version 1 I decided to build wine myself. I did this many times before and I never had a problem with it on ubuntu 8.10 x64. But now with 9.04 it won't work any more since it can't find the freetype library. The weird thing is when I go to the directory '/usr/lib32/' libfreetype.a is there. I tried to add it to the library search path manually with no succes. Here is a part of the configure output that contains the info about the error.
Now I can disable freetype and it works but there must be a reason freetype is included? Won't it make fonts ugly or something?Code:checking for sane/sane.h... yes checking for -lsane... libsane.so.1 checking for gphoto2-config... gphoto2-config checking for gphoto2-port-config... gphoto2-port-config checking gphoto2-camera.h usability... yes checking gphoto2-camera.h presence... yes checking for gphoto2-camera.h... yes checking for gp_camera_new in -lgphoto2... yes checking for cmsOpenProfileFromFile in -llcms... yes checking for freetype-config... freetype-config checking for -lfreetype... not found configure: error: FreeType 32-bit development files not found. Fonts will not be built. Use the --without-freetype option if you really want this.


text:
ASTD Second Life Webinar
Kapp Notes
Yesterday, Tony O'Driscoll , Matthew Monahan and I gave an ASTD Webinar on the topic of Second Life. Tom has written a great deal on Second Life and innovative learning content and methods. We had most of the 400 plus people attending via application sharing through WebEx (not ideal but it worked) and about 15 or so people attending within Second Life.
Problem-Based Learning in 3D Environment
Kapp Notes
More impotantly, here is the MSIT Second Life Wiki which ontains the paper for the conference and a ton of useful resources. Here are some resources I mentioned concerning other Second Life presentations I've done. Here are the slides from an ASTD TechKnowledge Presentation. Here are a couple of books used for Second Life. Today I am presenting on the topic of Designing Problem-Based Learning Environments in a 3D On Line Virtual World at the 19th International Conference on Teaching and Learning.
Second Life Books: ASTD
Kapp Notes
Here are the slides for the ASTD TechKnowledge Presentation. It was an all day workshop and we spent most of the time in Second Life but you may find the slides helpful. For the ASTD Conference, we talked about a couple of books used for Second Life. Here are the links: Other resources: SL Portal LSL Wiki Here is a post to additional links: Second Life Resourses: Supporting NCTT Opening Address __ Catalog of Recommended Books, Games and Gadgets Recommended Games and Gadgets Recommended Books Content Guide
Think Virtual Worlds: Not Second Life
Kapp Notes
Here is this Month's ASTD Big Question: Second Life Training? More specifically: In what situations, do you believe it makes sense to develop a learning experience that will be delivered within Second Life? If you were to develop a training island in Second Life, what kind of environment and artifacts would you consider essential for teaching?
ASTD TechKnowledge 2013, Day 2
eLearning 24-7
Yeah your social was nice and yeah you had some cool features – but there were plenty of VLEs before you showed up on the scene – and I'm not even thinking Second Life. Wow, wasn't that marching band fantastic? loved the lip synch of that tune. Okay, time for the 2nd half to begin, so let's go right to the kickoff. As before, please excuse text line space funkiness – WordPress app on iPad. TOUCHDOWN. The product comes in two flavors – a simple and a more robust. focused on the more robust. Talk about a nice run to the end zone! FIRST DOWN.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Second Life Backlash and Controversy
Learning Visions
Monday, August 13, 2007 Second Life Backlash and Controversy The Second Life naysayers seems to be gaining ground lately. And Im not implying that Im a Second Life naysayer. As you may know, Ive only been there once. 1) Donald Taylor provides a little summary of some of the recent talk in Second Life Backlash: After all the hype Second Life has had, there is bound to be some push back. thoughtful post on one educators experience in Second Life (and a nice historical perspective). IT Security Risks 2. eLearnin.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Building Community in Second Life: Renaissance Island
Learning Visions
Friday, August 24, 2007 Building Community in Second Life: Renaissance Island As you know, Ive been trying to walk-the-talk and experiment a bit with Second Life, role my virtual sleeves up and see what all the fuss is about. Last week, I visited Renaissance Island and wrote about it in My Second Second Life Experience. Informal learning at its best.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Blog-o- the-Month at ISTE Island in Second Life
Learning Visions
Thursday, December 11, 2008 Blog-o- the-Month at ISTE Island in Second Life Imagine my surprise when Scott Merrick contacted me, letting me know that Learning Visions had been nominated as Blog-o-the-month on ISTE Island in Second Life. link] Im Bliss Yue (get it?) in Second Life, but I have to admit that its been ages since Ive been in-world. Nice blog.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Blogger's Hut in Second Life
Learning Visions
Thursday, November 06, 2008 Blogger's Hut in Second Life Scott Merrick (also check out Scotts SecondLife Blog ) runs the ISTEs Bloggers Hut in Second Life. Reflecting on #ASTD10 Recommended: "In Defense of the LMS" Chicago Bound: Kineo at ASTD ICE #astd10 One Year on at Kineo #yam Now that's an Enterprise Moodle! -- Kineo Moodle f. How kind!
Gadgets, Games and Gizmos: More Second Life
Kapp Notes
Basically Second Life is the Matrix , as in, "Wake Up Neo, the Matrix has you.†You can learn a little more by checking out my previous entry on the subject, Get a "Second Life." Second Life is a virtual world in which people can act, react and function as if they were in the actual physical world. Check it out.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Second Life and Gender
Learning Visions
Friday, July 13, 2007 Second Life and Gender Theres been a great conversation about Second Life and gender and the bleeding edge in the comments on my recent post. Reflecting on #ASTD10 Recommended: "In Defense of the LMS" Chicago Bound: Kineo at ASTD ICE #astd10 One Year on at Kineo #yam Now that's an Enterprise Moodle! -- Kineo Moodle f. ASTD Keynote: "People Lie Richard Hilleman Electr. Cammy Beans Learning Visions Musings on eLearning, instructional design and other training stuff. Talk amongst yourselves. Im going to Maine.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Plodding Along in Second Life
Learning Visions
Friday, August 17, 2007 Plodding Along in Second Life In the spirit of plodding along , I had another positive experience in Second Life. Theres a real emotional level to Second Life. If youd like to read more about my adventures in Second Life, check out my first and second visits. Cammie, There has been so much talk about designing learning for Second Life. To answer your second question: Maybe. ASTD Keynote: "People Lie Richard Hilleman Electr. Karl showed me around his student sandbox.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Second Life and Gaming Poll Results
Learning Visions
Wednesday, October 10, 2007 Second Life and Gaming Poll Results I dont claim to be a researcher, nor can I claim that the results of polls conducted on this site are in the least bit statistically significant. Last week, I asked "Have you ever been in Second Life?" Unfortunately, the Second Life poll is closed. Its funny you should mention Second Life.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: My First Second Life Experience
Learning Visions
Friday, August 03, 2007 My First Second Life Experience Not so good, I must say. starting talking with another newbie for about 2 seconds when we were accosted. Reflecting on #ASTD10 Recommended: "In Defense of the LMS" Chicago Bound: Kineo at ASTD ICE #astd10 One Year on at Kineo #yam Now that's an Enterprise Moodle! -- Kineo Moodle f. ASTD Keynote: "People Lie Richard Hilleman Electr. Cammy Beans Learning Visions Musings on eLearning, instructional design and other training stuff. Its sort of me-ish. Coage Boucher. Avoid him.
2009 Top Posts and Topics: Kapp Notes
Kapp Notes
The ASTD Big question this month is an annual question: What did you learn about learning in 2009? So, I teamed with alumni Robyn Defelice at Dishing Design and updated the article for ASTD. Alternatives to Second Life (continued, again). The Metro DC ASTD chapter asked me to do an interview about audio in e-learning and I linked to the interview and shared some of my notes. Tags: ASTD Big Question So one of the tasks I will do to answer this question is to see what posts were the Best of 2009 from several different sources. Random Web 2.0 Bored?-Try
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Thoughts on ASTD
Learning Visions
Sunday, June 07, 2009 Thoughts on ASTD This past week, I spent Monday and Tuesday at the ASTD International Conference & Expo in DC. My first impressions of ASTD: 'wow, what a huge conference' and 'wow, these are traditional training people for whom most of this eLearning stuff is kind of exotic and/or quite overwhelming and threatening.' Jealous?
Experiencing E-Learning » Daily Bookmarks 12/12/2009
Experiencing eLearning
ASTD TechKnowledge Learning in 3D Resources
Kapp Notes
Here are the resources for the Learning in 3D presentation at ASTD TechKnowledge 2010. Here are the slides. Learning in 3D View more presentations from kkapp. Web site for the book Learning in 3D. If you would like to purchase the book, you can receive a 20% discount directly from the publisher. You can read Chapter One of the book to get a sense of what the book is about.
Philadelphia ASTD Meeting Lot of Fun
Kapp Notes
Last night I presented at the Greater Philadelphia Chapter of ASTD and ran into a bunch of old friends and made some new ones. Greater Philadelphia ASTD members learn about 3D collaboration and learning in virtual worlds. I was presenting with my co-author Tony O'Driscoll , CEO of ProtonMedia , Ron Burns, and President of WTRI, Lia DiBello. One such meeting is shown below.
Summer 2008: Learning in 3D Class
Kapp Notes
Preston providing instruction and answering questions in Second Life. So the second week of the summer Learning in 3D class was exciting. Matt and I have teamed up at several conferences as co-presenters (see ASTD TechKnowledge 2008, Lots of Fun and Second Life Training Presentation for more details on our presentations) so it was great to team up with him again.
ASTD's Big Question for December: New Learning
Kapp Notes
The ASTD Big question this month is What did you learn about learning in 2007? First, I learned how far a digital asset can travel if people find it has value.One of my student's YouTube videos Educational Uses of Second Life has over 5,500 hits and has been favorited 67 times. And a piece I created called Avoiding Death by PowerPoint has taken on a life of its own.
Blog Book Tour: Learning in 3D #lrn3d
Learning Visions
My Experience in Virtual Worlds A few years ago, when Second Life was first coming onto the scene as the next big thing, I sat in my office and scratched my head. dabbled in SL a bit after that, chronicled my Second Life experiences on my blog, but I haven't been "in world" in probably two years. Authentic, realistic and immersive, like Second Life".
ASTD TechKnowledge 2008, Lots of Fun
Kapp Notes
Arrived back from the ASTD TechKnowledge 2008 conference late the other night (3:00am) but the conference was worth it. I got to see a lot of people and make some really good connections. We had a lively group of about 10 participants some of who had never even logged into Second Life before and some who were practically pros. Matthew Monahan and I put them through the paces.
Article: Online Communities Go Corporate
Kapp Notes
The article also references an article by Susan Kish titled Virtual Worlds:Second Life and the Enterprise where she defines some terms and provides a great graphic showing the inter-relationships between MMORPGs, Metaverses and MMOLEs. A few weeks ago, I was interviewed along with a number of other folks for an online article about the corporate implications of virtual worlds.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Join Me at ASTD ICE June 1&2
Learning Visions
Friday, May 29, 2009 Join Me at ASTD ICE June 1&2 Are you going to ASTD this coming week? Posted by Cammy Bean at 9:54 AM Labels: astd , beer , kineo 1 comments: Dave Ferguson said. Reflecting on #ASTD10 Recommended: "In Defense of the LMS" Chicago Bound: Kineo at ASTD ICE #astd10 One Year on at Kineo #yam Now that's an Enterprise Moodle! -- Kineo Moodle f.
Understanding Virtual Worlds Articles and Links
Kapp Notes
Here is a link to an article I wrote called Defining and Understanding Virtual Worlds for ASTD's Learning Circuits. And here is a good companion piece if you haven't read it already, check out Another Life: Virtual Worlds as Tools for Learning at eLearn Magazine. Tony has a great concept called "The Seven Sensibilities of 3D Spaces." Read his post Virtual Worlds Going Mainstream.
eLearning Trends That Will Fizzle, Sizzle, or Simmer in 2014
Bottom-Line Performance
The 2013 ASTD State of the Industry Report tells us that only 1.39% of respondents are actually distributing content via mobile even though we're very close to reaching market saturation with SmartPhones ( predictions vary from August of this year to early next year ). Our industry is notorious for chasing after trends. Is gamification going to go the way of Myspace and Foursquare?
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: New Survey -- Whats Your Demographic?
Learning Visions
Some of you have been in Second Life. Thanks ~ Posted by Cammy Bean at 10:37 AM Labels: games , gaming , second life , survey 0comments: Post a Comment Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) Cammy Bean Greater Boston, MA, United States View my complete profile About This Blog Subscribe in a reader Subscribe via email Are you an Instructional Designer? Reflecting on #ASTD10 Recommended: "In Defense of the LMS" Chicago Bound: Kineo at ASTD ICE #astd10 One Year on at Kineo #yam Now that's an Enterprise Moodle! -- Kineo Moodle f.
Show Me the Examples! ASTD Big Question for June
Kapp Notes
Here is a quick tutorial on How to Build Tiny Prims in Second Life. view this as e-learning since the person watching the video is getting instruction on how to build in the world of Second Life. This can be used for many different training applications using the world of Second Life as a platform for creation of the learning. Learning Tutorial for PA DEP.
Top 100 Learning Game Resources
Upside Learning
Learning Circuits – ASTD's Online Magazine Covering E-Learning. TCC09: Digital Learning Environments: Context Sensitive and Imaginative Classes in Second Life, April 14, 2009. When writing the whitepaper about Casual games , I did a fair bit of research and looked at several hundred web links. So here they are – a Top 100 Learning Game Resource list. Educause.
Clarity needed around Web 3.0
Clark Quinn
I like ASTD; they offer a valuable service to the industry in education, including reports, webinars, very good conferences (despite occasional hiccups, *cough* learning styles *cough*) that I happily speak at and even have served on a program committee for. The second: the Mobile Web, which will allow users to experience the web seamlessly as they move from one device to another, and most interaction will take place on mobile devices. I don't see how this follows from the definition. They may not be progressive enough for me, but I'm not their target market.
Cammy Beans Learning Visions: Learning Styles as Fortune Telling
Learning Visions
Reflecting on #ASTD10 Recommended: "In Defense of the LMS" Chicago Bound: Kineo at ASTD ICE #astd10 One Year on at Kineo #yam Now that's an Enterprise Moodle! -- Kineo Moodle f. ASTD Keynote: "People Lie Richard Hilleman Electr. Cammy Beans Learning Visions Musings on eLearning, instructional design and other training stuff. rating is 100% reliable. and.70.
Allison Rossett: ELearning Isn't What You Think It Is – Not Yet #tk10
Learning Visions
My live blogged notes…ASTD TechKnowledge 2010 in Las Vegas, NV. Recap of her recent article for ASTD: e-Learning – What's Old is New Again When you say you're doing elearning what are you doing? Authentic, realistic and immersive, like Second Life Include access to e-coaches Include expectations that employees will participate in online discussions as follow up to a class. [ The problem is that we focus on the event - 'the event's the thing.' Second Life – figures debating the benefits of first life: [link] Very fresh! 953 respondents to survey.
Answering the Question: How Do We Keep Up
Kapp Notes
This Month's ASTD Big Question is simple and comple x--"How do we keep up?" And I learned of Second Life and Twitter through my interactions within the blogsophere. Instructional strategies come first and technology second. 5) Take it all in with a grain of salt. Tags: ASTD Big Question Being in the field of instructional technology and teaching it to others--my students, consulting clients and others--it can be a real struggle to make sure I am on the cutting edge of what is happening. Listen to what is going on with technology. If it is really useful or big.it


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Location: Bogue Hill, Montego Bay, Jamaica
Phone: (876) 952-1772
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Foundations of Carbon-Based Life Leave Little Room for Error
Raleigh NC (SPX) Mar 15, 2013
Life as we know it is based upon the elements of carbon and oxygen. Now a team of physicists, including one from North Carolina State University, is looking at the conditions necessary to the formation of those two elements in the universe. They've found that when it comes to supporting life, the universe leaves very little margin for error. Both carbon and oxygen are produced when helium burns inside of giant red stars. Carbon-12, an essential element we're all made of, can only form when three a ... read more
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The New Institutional Economics of Corruption
By (author) Johann Graf Lambsdorff Markus Taube Matthias Schramm
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New Institutional Economics of Corruption by Johann Graf Lambsdorff
Book DescriptionThis book constitutes a thorough analysis of the phenomenon of corruption, as seen from the perspective of New Institutional Economics - one of the most influential new schools of thought in the social sciences of the past decade.
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Book DetailsISBN: 9780415333689
(234mm x 156mm x 20mm)
Pages: 272
Imprint: Routledge
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Publish Date: 16-Sep-2004
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
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Books By Author Johann Graf Lambsdorff
Institutional Economics of Corruption and Reform, Paperback (July 2008)
This book shows how institutional economics can be used to better understand corruption and reform.
New Institutional Economics of Corruption, Paperback (August 2006)» View all books by Johann Graf Lambsdorff
Presents an analysis of the phenomenon of corruption, as seen from the perspective of New Institutional Economics - one of the most influential schools of thought in the social sciences.
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