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Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
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1 Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
3 c Contents Forward...v Introduction...vii Step one: Understanding basic hydraulics...3 Static water pressure...4 Dynamic water pressure...6 Exercises on basic hydraulics...9 Step two: Obtaining site information...13 Step three: Determining irrigation requirements...19 Soil type...19 Exercises on site information and irrigation requirements...23 Step four: Determining water and power supply...27 Calculating water meter capacity and working pressure...27 Rule number one...27 Rule number two...28 Rule number three...28 Exercises on water capacity and pressure...30 Step five: Selecting sprinklers and spacing ranges...35 Selecting sprinklers...35 Spray sprinklers...35 Rotating sprinklers...35 Bubblers and drip irrigation devices...35 Exercises on selecting sprinklers...40 Spacing sprinklers and calculating precipitation rates...41 Exercises on spacing sprinklers and calculating precipitation rates...47 Locating sprinklers on the plan...48 Exercises on locating sprinklers...52 Step six: Lateral layout, circuiting sprinklers into valve groups...55 Locating valves, main lines and lateral piping...57 Calculating lateral operating time...58 Sample lateral number Sample lateral number Step seven: Sizing pipe and valves and calculating system pressure requirements...65 Exercises on calculating system pressure requirements...71 Step eight: Locating the controller and sizing the valve and power wires...75 Locating the controller...75 Sizing valve wires...75 Sizing power wires...78 Step nine: Preparing the final irrigation plan...83 Exercises on system electrics and preparing the final irrigation plan...85 Irrigation references...86 Landscape Irrigation Design Manual iii
4 Contents Solutions...89 Solutions to exercises on basic hydraulics...89 Solutions to exercises on site information and irrigation requirements...89 Solutions to exercises on water capacity and pressure...89 Solutions to exercises on selecting sprinklers...90 Solutions to exercises on spacing sprinklers and calculating precipitation rates...90 Solutions to exercises on locating sprinklers...90 Solutions to exercises on circuit configuration and operating time...91 Solutions to exercises on calculating system pressure requirements...91 Solutions to exercises on system electrics and preparing the final irrigation plan...91 Technical Data...94 U.S. Standard Units...94 Friction loss characteristics PVC schedule 80 IPS plastic pipe...94 Friction loss characteristics PVC schedule 40 IPS plastic pipe...95 Friction loss characteristics PVC class 315 IPS plastic pipe...96 Friction loss characteristics PVC class 200 IPS plastic pipe...97 Friction loss characteristics PVC class 160 IPS plastic pipe...98 Friction loss characteristics PVC class 125 IPS plastic pipe...99 Friction loss characteristics polyethylene (PE) SDR-pressure-rated tube Friction loss characteristics schedule 40 standard steel pipe Friction loss characteristics type K copper water tube Pressure loss in valves and fittings Pressure loss through copper and bronze fittings Climate PET Estimated service line sizes Pressure loss through swing check valves Soil characteristics Maximum precipitation rates Friction loss characteristics of bronze gate valves Slope reference Pressure loss through water meters AWWA standard pressure loss International System Units Friction loss characteristics PVC schedule 80 IPS plastic pipe Friction loss characteristics PVC schedule 40 IPS plastic pipe Friction loss characteristics PVC class 315 IPS plastic pipe Friction loss characteristics PVC class 200 IPS plastic pipe Friction loss characteristics PVC class 160 IPS plastic pipe Friction loss characteristics PVC class 125 IPS plastic pipe Friction loss characteristics polyethylene (PE) SDR-pressure-rated tube Friction loss characteristics schedule 40 standard steel pipe Friction loss characteristics type K copper water tube Pressure loss in valves and fittings Climate PET Estimated service line sizes Pressure loss through copper and bronze fittings Pressure loss through swing check valves Soil characteristics Maximum precipitation rates Friction loss characteristics of bronze gate valves Slope reference Pressure loss through water meters AWWA standard pressure loss Appendix Table of formulas Table of figures Index iv Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
5 Forward This manual was prepared at the request of numerous individuals who either wished to learn the basic techniques of landscape irrigation design or who are teachers of the subject. Intended as a very basic text for irrigation design, this manual proceeds as if the reader has no prior knowledge in the subject. As you use this manual, be sure to review the practical exercises at the end of each section. In some cases, new information and tips, not covered in the previous section, are found in the exercises. The main omission from a design manual such as this is the real, hands-on experience of designing and then installing a landscape irrigation system. The editors of the Landscape Irrigation Design Manual hope such an opportunity is available to you and that the information presented here is of benefit. Landscape Irrigation Design Manual v
7 Introduction Properly designed, installed, maintained and managed landscape irrigation systems greatly reduce the volume of irrigation water that is wasted every year. In some water short areas, we have seen the beginnings of planned water conservation efforts. In time, these could become the basis for a coordinated national policy toward water conservation. Today many municipalities require home or business owners to submit irrigation designs for approval prior to construction. This manual is part of the effort to promote properly designed landscape irrigation systems. It is our goal to present the material as simply as possible while explaining some theory behind the process. Understanding the basic hydraulics material in the first section of the manual is very important, especially to new students of irrigation design. Even intermediate level design students may find it helpful to brush up on hydraulics before going on to further studies. With that said, please turn the page to discover some facts about the nature of water. Note: Information contained in this manual is based upon generally accepted formulas, computations and trade practices. If any problems, difficulties, or injuries should arise from or in connection with the use or application of this information, or if there is any error herein, typographical or otherwise, Rain Bird Sprinkler Mfg. Corp., and its subsidiaries and affiliates, or any agent or employee thereof, shall not be responsible or liable. Note: Metric data (International System Units) contained in this manual is not always a one-to-one conversion from U.S. measurements (U.S. Standard Units). Some metric data has been altered to simplify examples Rain Bird Sprinkler Manufacturing Corporation. All rights reserved. Landscape Irrigation Design Manual vii
9 Understanding Basic Hydraulics 1
11 1 Understanding Basic Hydraulics Step one: Understanding basic hydraulics Hydraulics is defined as the study of fluid behavior, at rest and in motion. Properly designed piping, with sound hydraulics, can greatly reduce maintenance problems over the life of an irrigation system. Controlling the water flow velocity, holding velocity within proper limits, reduces wear on the system components and lengthens service life. Poor hydraulic design results in poor performance of the irrigation system, leading to stressed landscaping material, or even broken pipes and flood damage. Lack of design know-how can also cost the system owner more money because the designer may over-design the system to avoid unknown factors. In addition to wasting money, a poor hydraulic design will often waste water. Hydraulic analysis is important to minimize financial risks, produce efficient designs and eliminate waste. To accomplish all these things we need to understand the nature of water. Water takes the shape of the container. Water is relatively incompressible. Water is also quite heavy one gallon (one liter) of water weighs 8.3 lbs (1 kg) and water has a specific weight per cubic foot of 62.4 lbs (one ton per cubic meter). Water responds to gravity and seeks its own lowest level (responding to gravity). Water exerts pressure defined as the force of water exerted over a given area. The formula for water pressure looks like this: P = force = F area A P = pressure in pounds per square inch (kilograms per square centimeter) F = force in pounds (kilograms) A = area in square inches (square centimeters) The force is created by the weight of the water above the point where it is being measured. When the area is constant, such as 1 in 2 (1 cm 2 ), then the force in pounds (kilograms) is dependent on, simply, the height of the water. The more height to a column of water, the more weight, force, and pressure. Pressure is expressed as pounds per square inch (kilograms per square centimeter) and abbreviated as psi (kg/cm 2 or bar). A container 1 in 2 (1 cm 2 ) and filled with water to a height of 1 ft (50 cm) the pressure (psi/bar) would equal: P = W =.036 lb in 3 x 12 in 3 = lb A 1 in x 1 in 1 in 2 P = W = 1gm/cm 3 x 50 cm 3 = 50 gm = 0,05 kg/cm 2 A 1 cm x 1 cm cm 2 P = psi (0,05 bar) P = W =.036 lb in 3 x 24 in 3 = lb A 1 in x 1 in 1 in 2 P = W = 1 gm/cm 3 x 100 cm 3 = 100 gm = 0,10 kg/cm 2 A 1 cm x 1 cm cm 2 P = psi (0,1 bar) Consider a 1 in 2 (1 cm 2 ) container filled with water to a depth of 1 ft (50 cm). One foot (50 cm) of water creates a pressure of.433 psi (0,05 bar) at the base of the container. It makes no difference if the 1 ft (50 cm) of water is held in this narrow container or at the bottom of a 1 ft (50 cm) deep lake. The area we are concerned with is only 1 in 2 (1 cm 2 ) at the bottom of either container. 12 in (50 cm) 1 in 1 in (1 cm) (1 cm) 24 in (100 cm) 1 in 1 in (1 cm) (1 cm) Figure 1: Water towers filled at 12 in and 24 in (50 cm and 100 cm) If you double the height of the water, the pressure is doubled..433 x 2 ft of height =.866 psi 0,05 bar x 2 = 0,1 bar This relationship between pressure and elevation is known as feet of head (meters of head). By using this conversion factor, we can easily determine the static (no flow) water pressure within any pipe. The factors for converting pressure to feet of head (meters of head) and feet of head (meters of head) back to pressure are both multipliers. To convert feet of head to pressure in Landscape Irrigation Design Manual 3
12 Understanding Basic Hydraulics psi, multiply the feet by.433 One foot of water =.433 psi. For example, 200 ft of water height x.433 produces 86.6 psi at its base. (To convert meters of head to pressure in kg/cm 2, divide the meters by 10. One meter of water = 0,1 kg/cm 2. For example, 100 meters of water x 0,1 kg/cm 2 = 10kg/.cm 2 or 10 bar of pressure at its base.) Further, using this factor we can determine that a water tower with a water surface 200 ft (100 m) above the point where we need it would create a pressure of 86.6 psi (10 bar). To convert pressure in psi to feet of head, multiply the pressure by One psi = 2.31 ft of water. For example, 100 psi x 2.31 = 231 feet of head. (To convert pressure in bar or kg/cm 2 to meters of head, multiply the pressure by kg/cm 2 = 10 meters of water = 1 bar. For example, 10 kg/cm 2 = 100 meters of head.) Calculating with this factor in advance, we would know that we can t pump water up into a lake that is 300 ft (200 m) above our water source if we had a pumping water pressure available of 100 psi (10 bar). Pressure of 100 psi (10 bar) would only lift the water 231 ft (100 m). 200 ft (100 m) 86.6 psi (10 bar) Figure 2: Water tower 200 ft (100 m) The word hydrostatic refers to the properties of water at rest. We will be discussing static water pressure as a starting point for hydraulic design of an irrigation system. Hydrodynamic refers to the properties of water in motion. Moving water, at the correct flow and pressure, to where it s needed is the hydraulic basis of irrigation design. Static water pressure refers to the pressure of a closed system with no water moving. A water-filled main line, with all valves closed, would experience full static pressure with only pressure variation due to elevation. Static water pressure is an indication of the potential pressure available to operate a system. Static water pressure There are two ways to create static water pressure. As we have seen in our discussion regarding the relationship between pounds per square inch (bar) and elevation, water height can create pressure. By elevating water in tanks, towers and reservoirs, above where the water is needed, static pressure is created. Water systems may also be pressurized by a pump or a pump can be used to increase, or boost, pressure. Whether from elevation differences or by mechanical means, understanding the static pressure at the water source for an irrigation system is where hydraulic calculations begin. Here is an example of a simple system for supplying water to a house from a city main line. We will be following the complete irrigation design process for this project throughout the manual. The supply system to this home looks like this (see Figure 3): at point A, under the street at a depth of 4 ft (1,2 m), is the city water main with a fairly high static pressure of 111 psi (7,7 bar). From the main line there is a supply pipe made of 1-1/2 in (40 mm) copper that rises 3 ft (1 m) to Figure 3: Water supply to a house 4 Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
13 1 Understanding Basic Hydraulics connect to the meter and is 12 ft (4 m) in length. At the curb side is an existing 3/4 in (20 mm) size water meter. Connected to the meter is a 3/4 in (20 mm) copper service line that runs 35 ft (11 m) to where it enters the house through the garage. There is a small rise in elevation of 2 ft (0,5 m) from the meter location to the house. Finally, 1 ft (0,3 m) above the point where the service line enters the house is a hose valve connection. To calculate the static water pressure available to the site, we start at point A where the water purveyor advises that we can expect a static pressure in their main line of 111 psi (7,7 bar). Point B in this diagram is at the same elevation as the main line and has the same 111 psi (7,7 bar) pressure. Point C is 3 ft (1 m) above the main and we would calculate the pressure at point C as follows: 3 ft x.433 psi = psi (1 m 10 = 0,1 bar), or for simplification, 1.3 psi (0,1 bar). Since the supply source is from below, the 1.3 psi (0,1 bar) is a weight against the source pressure, so it is a loss. Therefore, the static pressure at point C is 111 psi 1.3 psi (7,7 bar 0,1 bar) for a remainder of psi (7,6 bar). Points D and E, which are on each side of the meter, are on the same elevation as point C, so they have the same psi (7,6 bar) static pressure. Between points E and F there is a 2 ft (0,5 m) rise in elevation that we calculate as follows to get a static pressure for point F: 2 x.433 psi =.866 psi (0,5 10 = 0,05 bar) pressure in the city main been low, say 40 psi (2,8 bar), the designer would adjust the design and equipment selection to provide a system that operates correctly even with the low service line pressure. In some instances, the water pressure is too low for typical landscape irrigation requirements and a booster pump will be necessary. If the water main was in a street higher than the site, all the elevation change coming down to the project would have produced pressure gains instead of losses. For example, had the main line been located 10 ft (3 m) above the site, the static pressure at the hose bib would have been: 10 ft x.433 psi = 4.33 psi psi static pressure in the main line = psi static pressure at the valve (3 m 10 = 0,3 bar + 7,7 bar static pressure in the main line = 8,0 bar static pressure at the valve) To begin an irrigation system design you must have critical data or make critical assumptions about the water source. Static water pressure at the point-of-connection is a necessary part of the data needed to start an irrigation system design psi.866 psi = psi, the static pressure remaining at point F. (7,6 bar 0,05 bar = 7,55 bar) Point G, the hose bib in the garage, is 1 ft (0,3 m) above point F, for which we would calculate the static pressure by subtracting.433 psi (0,03 bar) from the psi (7,55 bar) at point F to determine there is approximately psi (7,52 bar) at point G. A more direct way to calculate the static pressure for point G would be to multiply the 6 ft rise in elevation by.433 psi (divide the 2 m rise by 10) and subtract the 2.6 psi (0,2 bar) answer from 111 psi (7,7 bar) for a remainder of psi (7,5 bar) in rounded numbers. The designer may choose to cut (or tap) into the service line anywhere between the meter and the house to start the main line for the irrigation system. (The location of the tap into the service line may also be referred to as the point-ofconnection or POC.) At any point along the main line, the static pressure can be calculated. In this case, the designer will need to consider and control the high water pressure condition on this site. Had the Figure 4: Static water pressure A sound irrigation design cannot begin with subjective terms like good pressure, or high pressure. When gathering information at a project site, a water pressure reading or valid pressure assumption is very important. In the previous example, the designer or other person gathering the site data could have measured the water pressure with a pressure gauge rather than using the water purveyor s estimate. However, it is important to design the irrigation system for the worst case pressure conditions. In most locales, the worst case situation will be on hot weekend days in the summer when a lot of people irrigate Landscape Irrigation Design Manual 5
14 Understanding Basic Hydraulics their lawns. The water purveyor probably uses a computer model to predict the lower summer pressures in their system, so they can provide data regardless of the season. The water purveyor may also be able to predict if pressures may change in the future. For example, they may be planning to install a new pump to increase pressure or conversely, the additional houses to be built in the future may cause the pressure to be lower. Good advice can generally be obtained from the professionals working for the water purveyor, and it is good to call them even if a pressure reading is made at the site. The pressures calculated in the previous example were all static water pressures with no water movement in the system. When a valve is opened, and water in the system begins flowing, we have a new pressure situation to take into account. Friction loss is a pressure loss caused by water flowing through pipes, fittings, and components in the system. Pipes, fittings, valves, water meters and backflow prevention devices all offer resistance to water flowing, and the resistance creates a pressure loss. The roughness and turbulence on the inside surfaces of pipes and components creates a drag or friction on the passing water, which causes the pressure of the flowing water to decrease. Dynamic water pressure Dynamic water pressure or working pressure differs from static pressure because it varies throughout the system due to friction losses, as well as elevation gains or losses. The dynamic water pressure is the pressure at any point in the system considering a given quantity of water flowing past that point. A typical water path has lots of friction Figure 5: Water path with friction The amount of water flowing through the components of the system also affects the friction loss. The more water being forced through the system, the higher the flow velocity, and the higher the pressure loss. Because of this, the physical size of the water path through a component also determines how much pressure is lost. A sprinkler equipment manufacturer s catalog contains flow loss charts for each piece of water-handling equipment and for each size in which they are available. Larger sizes are for larger flow ranges within each equipment series. Large Flow Figure 6: Large flow, small valve, lower pressure Pipe flow loss charts are available for quickly determining the pressure loss at particular flows, in gallons per minute (gpm), meters cubed per hour (m 3 /h) or liters per second (L/s), through various types and sizes of pipe. This flow loss is usually given as pounds per square inch (bar) loss per 100 ft (100 m) of pipe. The loss varies with differing types of pipe; different pipes have varying dimensions and degrees of internal smoothness. This fact makes each type of pipe hydraulically unique. In addition to the pound per square inch loss per 100 ft (bar loss per 100 m), friction loss charts will often show the velocity of the water passing through the pipe at that flow rate. Velocity, the rate at which water moves within the components of the system, is an important factor to understand. The faster the water moves through a pipe, the higher the friction loss. Fast moving water can cause other problems in a system as well. The industry has established 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) as an acceptable maximum velocity. Velocities less than 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) are less likely to cause damaging surge pressures. Also, pressure losses due to friction increase rapidly as velocities increase beyond 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s). In addition to checking a pipe chart to find velocity for a certain type and size of pipe at a given flow, you can use an equation to determine flow mathematically. The formula is: V = Small Valve Lower Pressure gpm V = 1273,24 x L/s 2.45 x dia 2 dia 2 V = velocity in feet per second (meters per second) dia = inside diameter of pipe in inches (millimeters) One example in your manual is for 1/2 in (15 mm) Schedule 40 PVC pipe with a flow of 10 gpm ( 0,63 L/s). By squaring the inside diameter of the pipe,.622 in, and multiplying the product by 2.45 and then dividing that answer into 10 gpm, we arrive at 10.5 ft/s. (By multiplying 0,63 L/s by 1273,24 and then dividing by the diameter squared, we arrive at 3,57 m/s.) It s much easier to get this information from the pipe chart. 6 Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
15 1 Understanding Basic Hydraulics Turn to page 95 (U.S. Standard Units) or 108 (International System Units) of the Technical Data section of this manual and look at the friction loss characteristics chart for Schedule 40 PVC pipe (shown below). This is a typical chart showing the losses through various sizes of Schedule 40 PVC pipe across a wide range of flows. Across the top of the chart find pipe sizes beginning on the left with 1/2 in (15 mm) size and running across the page to 6 in (160 mm) size on the right. PVC SCHEDULE 40 IPS PLA (1120, 1220) C=150 PSI loss per 100 feet of pipe (psi/100 ft) PVC CLASS 40 IPS PLASTIC PIPE Sizes 1 2 in through 6 in. Flow 1 through 600 gpm. SIZE 1 2 in 3 4 in 1 in in OD ID Wall Thk flow velocity psi velocity psi velocity psi velocity psi velocity gpm fps loss fps loss fps loss fps loss fps Figure 7: Schedule 40 PVC pipe friction loss characteristics (partial) Please see page 108 for a metric version of the chart above. In the columns on the far right and left of the chart are the flows in gallons per minute (meters cubed per hour or liters per second) with the lowest flow at the top and increasing flows as you read down the chart. Two columns of data are given for each size of pipe listed. The first column shows the velocity in feet per second (meters per second). Read down the left-hand column for flow to 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) and then read across to the first column under the 1/2 in (15 mm) size ft/s (3,22 m/s) is the velocity of the water for 1/2 in (15 mm) Schedule 40 PVC pipe when flowing 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s). This is the same velocity we calculated with the velocity formula. across to the friction loss number under the 1/2 in (15 mm) size pipe psi (6,90 bar) would be lost for every 100 ft (100 m) of 1/2 in (15 mm) Schedule 40 PVC pipe at a flow of 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s). Looking across to the 1 in (25 mm) size pipe, at the same 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) flow, we read a pound per square inch (bar) loss of only 2.4 per 100 ft (0,5 bar per 100 m). As you can see, pipe size can make a big difference in controlling friction loss. There is another important indicator on the friction loss chart. The shaded area that runs diagonally across the face of the chart shows where the flows cause velocities to exceed 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s). For example, the 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) flow in 1/2 in (15 mm) Schedule 40 is deep within the shaded area. We already know that a 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) flow in this 1/2 in (15 mm) pipe creates a velocity of more than 10 ft/s (3,05 m/s). According to the 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) rule, we would not try to force 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) flow through 1/2 in (15 mm) Schedule 40 PVC pipe. But, look over at 1 in (25 mm) for the same flow. Ten gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) is above the shaded area for 1 in (25 mm) and is well below 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) velocity. The maximum 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) rule is one factor used to size pipe in a sprinkler system. We will discuss pipe sizing later in this manual. If we wanted to determine the friction loss through 50 ft (50 m) of 1 in (25 mm) Class 200 PVC pipe flowing at 16 gpm (3,63 m 3 /h or 1,01 L/s), we would first turn to the pipe chart for that type of pipe. Turn to the class 200 PVC chart and read down the leftmost column to 16 gpm (3,63 m 3 /h or 1,01 L/s) flow. Read across to the second column under the 1 in (25 mm) size. The loss per 100 ft is 3.11 psi (loss per 100 m is 0,70 bar). Because we want to know the loss for only 50 ft (50 m) of that pipe we would simply multiply 3.11 psi x.5 (0,70 bar x 0,5) and get a total loss of about 1.55 psi (0,35 bar). We also know that the flow velocity is under our 5 ft/s (1,5 m/s) limit because it is not in the shaded area. The other column under each pipe size on the chart contains the friction loss data in pounds per square inch (bar) lost per 100 ft (100 m) of pipe. Using the same flow of 10 gpm (2,27 m 3 /h or 0,63 L/s) in the leftmost column, read Landscape Irrigation Design Manual 7
16 Understanding Basic Hydraulics PVC CLASS 200 IPS PLASTIC PIPE (1120, 1220) SDR 21 C=150 PSI loss per 100 feet of pipe (psi/100 ft) PVC CLASS 200 IPS PLASTIC PIPE Sizes 3 4 in through 6 in. Flow 1 through 600 gpm. SIZE 3 4 in 1 in in in 2 in OD ID Wall Thk flow velocity psi velocity psi velocity psi velocity psi velocity psi veloc gpm fps loss fps loss fps loss fps loss fps loss fps Figure 8: Class 200 PVC pipe friction loss characteristics (partial) Please see page 110 for a metric version of the chart above. Now that you know how to calculate static pressure changes due to differing elevations and how to read a pipe chart to determine friction losses, turn to the next page in the manual and do the exercises for both static and dynamic conditions. When you complete the exercises you can check your work in the Solutions section on page Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
17 1 Understanding Basic Hydraulics Exercises on basic hydraulics Using the diagram below of an elevated water tank and its piping system, fill in the blanks in the hydraulic analysis. A 160 ft (50 m) B A. Point B in the system is 160 ft (50 m) below the water's surface at point A. To find the static water pressure in pounds per square inch (bar) at point B you would multiply by and get an answer of psi (divide by and get an answer of bar). B. Points B and C are on the same elevation. How many pounds per square inch (bar) difference is there in the static pressure at these two points? C. What is the static pressure at the following points? Point D Point E 100 ft (30 m) 80 ft (24 m) D C 50 ft (15 m) 100 ft (30 m) D. All the pipe in the system is 1-1/4 in (32 mm) Class 200 PVC. Answer the questions below for a system flow of 26 gpm (5,9 m 3 /h or 1,64 L/s). Point B had a static pressure of psi (bar). After you subtract the friction loss caused by the above flow through 100 ft (30 m) of 1-1/4 in (32 mm) Class 200 PVC pipe the dynamic pressure at B is psi (bar). Keep in mind that dynamic pressure is a running total of friction losses and elevation losses or gains. E 75 ft (23 m) Starting with point B s dynamic pressure, answer the following: Point C s dynamic pressure is psi (bar). Point D s dynamic pressure is psi (bar). Point E s dynamic pressure is psi (bar). E. If the 100 ft (30 m) section of pipe between points D and E angled up 75 ft (23 m) in elevation instead of down, point E s dynamic pressure would be psi (bar). Landscape Irrigation Design Manual 9
19 Obtaining Site Information 2
Landscape Irrigation Design Manual
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$20 off $100
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Meta Flora Rhododendron2
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21pc Blender & Accessories Set£19.99 instead of £59.99 (from Juggernet.com) for a 21-piece blender and accessories set - save 67%
Save 67%
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- Mix, chop, juice, crush, blend and purée with a handy kitchen blender.
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- Make everything from milkshakes and smoothies to soups and dips.
The Fine Print
- May buy multiples.
- Voucher valid until 21st Apr 2014.
- Postage costs an additional £6.99 per set.
- Please allow up to 10 working days for delivery after redeeming.
- Subject to availability.
Full Details
Give fiddly fruit and veg cutting the chop thanks to today's deal...
We're offering you a 21-piece blender and accessories set for just £19.99, saving you 67% off Juggernet.com's price of £59.99 (correct as of 3.4.14).
Allowing you to mix, chop, crush, blend, grind, purée and juice to your heart's content, this functional and stylish multi-blender is the missing ingredient on your kitchen worktop. The versatile white gadget boasts a powerful 2000-watt output, is dishwasher safe and comes as part of an extensive 21-piece set that includes:
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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
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D - I wish I was. I've another month to go I would give anything to be going this month. The next 5 weeks are going to pass like YEARS for me
On another note, I spoke to my IVF Dr regarding the Predislone vs Predisone - there is no difference. He supports me trying it, but told me that he has to warn me of the "slight" increased risk in birth defects. I completely appreciate that and I am so grateful for his support. The clinic here have been so so wonderful to me all through my IVF treatments here as well as in their support of me going to SA. The Drs here are obviously not allowed to recommend it for legal reasons, but they can certainly assist to prepare for cycles and have said that they would look after me when I come back for scans etc if I do fall pregnant. OMG... the thought of being able to say "me and pregnant" in the same sentence really gives me goose bumps.
I was watching that new show "The Bible" last night... oh boy did I tear up at the part when Moses and his wife finally gave birth to their own child.... think the hormones are already affecting me ladies and I'm only taking the BCP at the moment to sync my cycle with my wonderful donors cycle.
I was telling my DH about some of the side effects of Predislone - Hunger (which doesn't really bother him or me) but the energy thing is going to kill him... because I am already "full of beans". I wake at virtually the same minute every morning and just get up and go go go.... so he is well and truly freaking out about those levels increasing. My boss on the other hand might be extremely happy with that side effect (not that I have told him we're going to SA for ED)
This time in 5 weeks I will be in SA... I cannot believe it.
Have a wonderful Friday evening BubHubbers.
to all of us! xxxxxxxxx


text:
Watch Serendipity Online
|Serendipity (2001)
|Rating: 6.9/10 (85,296 votes)
Director: Peter Chelsom
Writer: Marc Klein
Stars: John Cusack, Kate Beckinsale, Jeremy Piven, Bridget Moynahan
Runtime: 90 min
Rated: PG-13
Genre: Comedy, Romance
Released: 05 Oct 2001
|Plot: A couple reunite years after the night they first met, fell in love, and separated, convinced that one day they'd end up together.
Please choose format to watch the movie:
The video keeps buffering? Just pause it for 2-3 minutes then continue playing!


text:
Kendall Schmidt net worth: Kendall Schmidt is an American actor and songwriter who has a net worth of $12 Million. Kendall Schmidt is best known for playing Kendall Knight in Big Time Rush but has also played smaller roles on several TV shows including ER, Without a Trace, Phil of the Future, Ghost Whisperer, Gilmore Girls, and Fraiser. He was born on November 2, 1990 in Andover, Kansas but was raised in Wichita. His brother Kevin Schmidt is also an actor. He began his acting career at age five when he appeared in a Chex TV commercial. When he was nine, he was one of two young actors hired to be Haley Joel Osment's stand-in body double in A.I. Artificial Intelligence. When he was 10, his family moved to California and Schmidt soon landed recurring roles on General Hospital, Titus, Raising Dad, Gilmore Girls and CSI:Miami. He has also been a guest star on shows like Without a Trace and Ghost Whisperer. He has appeared in films like Minority Report and According to Spencer and in 2009 was cast as the lead of the television show, Big Time Rush. Schmidt is also in a boy band called, Big Time Rush. They band released three albums before Schmidt's 2013 announcement that he would be working as a solo artist.
Kendall Schmidt Net Worth
Kendall Schmidt
Date of Birth
Nov 2, 1990 (26 years old)
Actor, Dancer, Singer-songwriter
United States of America
5 ft 10 in (1.8 m)
More Actors
All net worths are calculated by applying a proprietary algorithm. The results are then fact checked and confirmed by a team of editors. We scan all publicly available data and resources and work diligently to ensure that our numbers are the most accurate and up to date net worth data you will find anywhere on the internet.


text:
Mac/Windows: iPod Updater 2004-08-06 released
iPod Updater 2004-08-06 supports all models of iPod and iPod mini. This update includes the latest available software for each model of iPod or iPod mini.
Download and install the iPod Updater 2004-08-06 then connect your iPod or iPod mini to yor computer. The iPod Updater will automatically determine if an update is required.
What's new in this version:
New Updates for Click Wheel iPods
Improved connectivity with some FireWire cards using the VIA chipset
Improved connectivity with FireWire hubs, and with 4-pin FireWire ports
Improved power management
Improved performance with the optional external battery pack
Removing headphones while the hold switch is on no longer wakes iPod
License: System Requirements:
Related Stories
- Apple releases second betas for iOS 10.3, tvOS 10.2, and watchOS 3.2 to developers
- IBM announces Enterprise iOS app collaboration with United Airlines
- Apple deletes 'Check Activation Lock Status' page from iCloud website
- Apple releases first iOS 10.3, tvOS 10.2 betas
- Apple releases iOS 10.2.1
- Apple releases fourth iOS 10.2.1 beta
Wow, still nothing new for the older iPods…what a bummer.
Posted by bikepodmini in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 8:51 PM (CDT)
Just wonderful. No updates for my G3. Bah, humbug.
Posted by Faramir in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 8:51 PM (CDT)
yeah. i think we need some third gen updates
Posted by todd2fst4u in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 9:29 PM (CDT)
This also includes iPod Software 3.0.1 for the new click-wheel iPods.
New Updates for Click Wheel iPods
* Improved connectivity with some FireWire cards using the VIA chipset
* Improved connectivity with FireWire hubs, and with 4-pin FireWire ports
* Improved power management
* Improved performance with the optional external battery pack
* Removing headphones while the hold switch is on no longer wakes iPod
Posted by Xenexi in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 9:38 PM (CDT)
Once again, Apple tells the 3G owners they don't matter anymore.
Man am I glad I decided not to buy a Powerbook. What a crappy company.
Posted by stark23x in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 9:44 PM (CDT)
LOL Apple sucks because they don't update firmware, for features that don't even matter? Does the iPod do what it's supposed to do? YES. Ok stop complaining. If you want new features, buy the new product.
Posted by kainjow in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 9:53 PM (CDT)
I'm going to agree with kainjow on this one. Last time I checked Apple wasn't UNICEF. :-/ The new features are for a new product. You don't buy a 1992 mustang and expect Ford to 'upgrade' all the features to those of a new 2004 mustang. :-/
I guess I kind of bought that new firewire card without the VIA chipset for nothing. :-/
Posted by Comrade Cruz in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 9:59 PM (CDT)
A word of warning: The updater requires you to be able to plug your iPod into the AC adaptor- I've never seen this in an updater before, very odd. Once it's installed, a new image comes up on the ipod screen. I can't get it off, restarting doesn't do anything, it just comes back.
My AC adaptor is at work, so I'm a bit screwed right now.
Posted by Ezra in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 10:05 PM (CDT)
Hey Ezra,
You're probably hooked up through USB right now, that happened to me with the previous updater, because I was using USB. If you're hooked up through Firewire you will not be prompted to switch to the AC adapter.
Posted by Comrade Cruz in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 10:22 PM (CDT)
Oh dearie me - my new 4G iPod seems to have completely died - at round about the same time I was trying to update it (via firewire).
it is possible that it died prior to the update (since I hadn't used the iPod earlier in the day - only finding it 'dead' when I tried to update). - no LCD display (it's not on 'hold' or 'asleep') - doesn't respond to charger - def. a full battery last time I checked (last night - no use since then) - 'play + menu' reset does not work - computer does not recognise ipod device when firewire cable attached - etc. etc.
All this after a rather depressing saga of trying to point out to Apple that shipping my new iPod with scratches running all over the front panel was not acceptable imo (my local Apple service centre actually accused me of deliberately damaging my ipod in order to get a new replacement!!! - lord knows what they will make of this latest development.)
oh dear…
Posted by iXXX User in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 11:02 PM (CDT)
No new features either for the non click wheel iPods…?
Posted by Prashant in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 11:35 PM (CDT)
Sadly no… and at this point I doubt there will be any…
Posted by jbaker12 in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 11:46 PM (CDT)
I'm not really sure what people are talking about, but when you go to the Apple link, doesn't it list out a few updates for the 3G (iPod with dock connector) and the 2G (iPod without dock connector)? Aren't those updates for the previous iPods?
Posted by newbie in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 11:48 PM (CDT)
Just to keep newbie informed, all the listed updates for the 3 and 2G's were part of the last iPod update, and probably the one before that as well (if memory serves).
Posted by Dave in Irvine, CA on August 12, 2004 at 11:51 PM (CDT)
Thanks Dave…didn't really know that.
I got a question for you guys though…when I do an update on my 4G, will my songs stay on the pod? (i delete the songs off my computer after i upload them to the pod).
Posted by newbie in Irvine, CA on August 13, 2004 at 12:03 AM (CDT)
why don't us 3g get any improved power management!! grr
Posted by Tear in Irvine, CA on August 13, 2004 at 12:06 AM (CDT)
Ipod mini is still version 1.1?! Do think something new for iPod mini? I could not understand why the it is still 1.1 instead of 1.2 or something. My ipod mini has 1.1 already without this upgrade. Upgraded 2 weeks ago. Please explain, why I am new to Mac, experienced on Palm OS, Linux PDA (Familiar).
Posted by NS in Irvine, CA on August 13, 2004 at 12:06 AM (CDT)
Face it, the same abandonment that happened to the 1/2G iPod owners when the 3Gs came out has now once again struck the owners of the 3G iPods.
There's likely never going to be another firmware upgrade for the 3G iPods just like there will never be another one for the 1/2G ones. iPod Mini owners, well, you're probably screwed too. :)
Posted by rampage in Irvine, CA on August 13, 2004 at 12:12 AM (CDT)
As a 3G owner I wouldn't mind so much but my iPod is still OK To Disco. They just refuse to fix that bug. I'm coming to the end of my year warranty and I'm wondering if I should send it back before it's too late.
Posted by Chris Matchett in Irvine, CA on August 13, 2004 at 12:31 AM (CDT)
When Apple fixes the bugs in 3G iPods, I'll stop complaining.
Notice how fast they jumps to fix a few flaws in the 4G firmware. In other words, us 2 million 3G users can go screw according to them.
I've purchased my last Apple product.
Posted by stark23x in Irvine, CA on August 13, 2004 at 12:40 AM (CDT)
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text: Printable ACC Conference tournament bracket. The men's basketball ACC tournament bracket provides the date, game time, and TV channels for each basketball game. The 2017 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament will be played at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, NY. The winner of the conference tournament receives an automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA March Madness Men's Basketball Tournament.


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Replacement end caps for Stan's NoTubes rear hubs with XD Driver.
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24 CFR 1000.122 - May NAHASDA grant funds be used as matching funds to obtain and leverage funding, including any Federal or state program and still be considered an affordable housing activity?
Title 24 published on 2015-08-22
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 24 CFR Part 1000 after this date.
Title 24 published on 2015-08-22.
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Manaba Beach Reviews
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Planets in Other Star Systems Photographed
By Ray Stern
This is a picture of planets never before seen by humans, in solar systems far, far away. Okay, it may not look like much, but those red dots with the labels -- planets. Or so say their discoverers.
Scientists and science lovers around the world today are celebrating the first pictures of planets orbiting a star other than the sun. Teams at the Keck and Gemini telescopes in Hawaii produced the above picture, while scientists at Berkeley used the Hubble Space Telescope to image the alleged planet in the eye-like image below. It's a groundbreaking moment in the search for other planets and possibly other life in the universe.
Astronomers have made major advances in searching for distant planets in the last 10 years, but till now it's all been based on methods that require a lot of imagination, such as inferring the existence of planets by measuring the infinitesimally small changes in the motion of its parent star.
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Realists point out that trips to distant worlds will take hundreds or thousands of years (as measured on Earth) even at near-light speed. Spaceships that move that fast may not be seen in the 21st century, or even the 22nd.
Meantime, we can see the photographic proof the planets are out there. We can imagine the strange scenery, and dream about life that may exist elsewhere.
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Falcon athletics' bid to move to Rio Hondo League is denied in meeting last Friday.
By Brandon HENSLEY
Crescenta Valley High School's bid to switch to the Rio Hondo League was denied by a vote of 23-5 during a CIF Southern Section Foothill Releaguing Chair Committee meeting at Hart High April 19.
If CV's bid was approved to move from the Pacific League starting in the 2014-15 school year, it could have had implications involving Hoover and Arcadia high schools. As it stands, the Pacific League keeps every school it currently has including Arcadia, Burbank, Burroughs, CV, Glendale, Hoover, Muir and Pasadena.
The Rio Hondo League also retains what it had, with Blair, La Cañada, Monrovia, Temple City San Marino and South Pasadena.
In a proposal letter to the chair committee on March 15, CV Principal Michele Doll cited competitive equality, geography and student enrollment as reasons to join Rio Hondo.
CV would have been the biggest school in terms of student enrollment in RHL, but Doll said her school is anticipating decreased enrollment in coming years.
"Our enrollment has been slowly declining – 100 to 150 students each year," she said in the proposal. "Currently, approximately 798 students are involved in our athletic programs. The argument can be made that we are too large to become part of the Rio Hondo League. However, only 30% of our students are involved in our athletic program."
San Marino defeated CV in football this past season 27-7 in a non-league game.
Had CV been approved, Arcadia and Hoover had proposals written to also be moved to RHL, but those requests were withdrawn once CV's vote was turned down. Arcadia's reasons for moving included not wanting to lose the rivalry between the Falcons and Apaches.
One school that will be moving is Marshall Fundamental, which was denied a move to Rio Hondo as well. Marshall, which competes in the Alpha and Delphic Leagues, was approved to the Mission Valley League.
"CV enjoys being a part of the Pacific League," wrote Falcons boys' athletic director Dave Mendoza in an email this week. "The opportunity to possibly join the Rio Hondo league brought tremendous interest to my coaches. When the Rio Hondo pulled its proposal because they were not entirely united, it left us no options but to remain in the Pacific League."


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Friend's Email:
Subject: I have found a DVD that I think you would enjoy
|Jamesy Boy
Actors: Parker, Woods, Rhames, Lofranco
UR 2014 1hr 49min
Rage-filled teenager James is never one to back down from a fight. He jumps at the chance to run drugs and guns for a gang and quickly ends up behind bars. He turns his life around in prison thanks to the unexpected frie... more »
|Actors: Parker, Woods, Rhames, Lofranco
Studio: Peace Arch Trinity
Format: Blu-ray - Widescreen - Closed-captioned
DVD Release Date: 02/25/2014
Release Year: 2014
Run Time: 1hr 49min
Screens: Widescreen
Number of Discs: 1
SwapaDVD Credits: 2
Total Copies: 0
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MPAA Rating: Unrated
Languages: English
|The 13th Warrior
Directors: John McTiernan, Michael Crichton
R 2000 1hr 42min
|Monk - Season One
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From: firstname.lastname@example.com
It does indeed bring back memories. I have grown the old fashioned irises
that were passed around in my part of Arkansas--bi-tone blue--since I was
fourteen. (I'm a year older than you.) But I didn't succumb to the
temptations of a Schreiner's catalog, and one of those special offers, until
the fall of 1983.
The next spring I was deeply involved in creating a fancy graduation gown for
my daughter when my 'new' irises bloomed. Only three out of seventeen
bloomed that first spring and most of my iris viewing was a glance here and
there out the window as I passed back and forth from the sewing machine.
First was a plicata of Schreiners that I can't quite remember the name of,
and then Lime Fizz, and the recently discussed Tropical Night. I thought I'd
died and gone to heaven! I'd no idea that iris breeding had gone so far!
Little did I know!
Betty in Bowling Green KY, where spring sprang right into summer. (Again.)
Such growth in the iris beds!
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GME TX3520WS 477MHz UHF Compact CB Radio
- [30]Accessories
How To Build A Bundle
The following accessories can be bundled with your purchase by checking the green 'Include with Product' button. You can add as many items to your order as you require and then simply 'Add to Cart' to complete order.
- Product Info
Product Info
GME TX3520WS 477MHz UHF Compact CB Radio with Remote
We Think You Should Know
For some time vehicle manufacturers have recognised the advantage of steering wheel control over auxiliary devices, this feature is common place today, offering enhanced safety, convenience and ease of operation. The TX3520WS is now also equipped with ScanSuite to enable uninterrupted communications even on congested channels.Acknowledging the critical benefit of steering wheel located, finger tip controls, GME launched the unique wireless steering wheel mounted PTT (Push to Talk) range in April 2012 and this new remote mount fully featured 5 watt radio completes the immediate range of wireless PTT radios.Two additional buttons offer user programmable functionality, including up/down channel change, scan function and priority channel selection.Whether you are a professional truck driver or an occasional road user, the innovative GME W1 wireless PTT and handsfree microphone, available in the TX4500WS, TX3510WS and the TX3520WS, is set to revolutionise both your driving safety and radio communications experience.The TX3520W displays the same rugged construction, comprehensive feature set and renowned GME reliability as the TX3510S. The remote head allows for an aesthetically pleasing, easy installation, especially when space is limited, which is often the case in today's modern vehicles.
- Supplied with 5 Year Australian GME Full Warranty
- ScanSuite
- 80 Channel
- Steering Wheel Remote Control
- User adjustable full spectrum LCD backlight
- CTCSS and DCS
- Advanced signal management
- Duplex
- Dynamic volume control
- 5 digit selcall with quiet mode
- Voice inversion scrambler
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With the introduction of the narrow band 80 Channel UHF CB service in 2011, the GME TX3500/TX4500 series represent the first Australian radios specifically designed to the new ACMA standard.
Fully engineered and manufactured in Australia with a host of evolutionary features newly developed by GME's highly experienced two-way radio R & D team. Industry firsts that not only differentiate the GME brand from the competition, but take advantage of the latest digital technology to ensure ease of operation and optimum performance across all 80 channels.
Unique and practical benefits include GME's Full Spectrum Backlighting, the amazing, interference suppressing Advanced Signal Management System, the highly effective Dynamic Volume Control and voice inversion scrambling options. GME also retains all the key attributes that have long been associated with our robust and tough locally manufactured radios like Open/Group scan, Sellcal, CTCSS and a full 3 year parts and labour warranty available through GME's nationwide service network.
The TX3500WS series and its DIN sized companion the TX4500 provide an 80 channel solution to suit every application and installation requirement; built specifically for the harsh Australian conditions where durability and reliable communications are paramount, the TX3500/TX4500 series epitomises GME's long standing reputation for innovation, quality and value for money.
Genuine GME Retailer
NO Frills is a fully accredited GME Retailer authorised to sell genuine authentic GME UHF Products.
Declaration of Conformity and Warranty
This product is supplied directly from the Australian GME Distributor and is offered with a full Australian 5 Year MANUFACTURERS warranty. (You may also be entitled to other consumer warranties as provided by the Australian Consumer Guarantee and these entitlements are not limited by this warranty). In the event that this product should fail please contact our service department to arrange service for this product. You are also have the option of speaking with GME Australia should you want to.
NO Frills Electronics IS an Authorised Australian GME UHF Retailer.
This product will be shipped from our Sydney Warehouse and you are welcome to pick it up directly from our store in Sydney. This product is NOT DROP SHIPPED from overseas.
- In The Box
What's Included?
- GME TX3520WS 477MHz UHF Compact CB Radio
- Mounting Cradle
- Microphone
- Microphone Clip
- DC Lead and screw pack
- W1 wireless remote
- Hands-free microphone
- Steering wheel clamp
- Rear dress plate and fixings
- Adhesive pad
- Reviews
No Reviews Available


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Politics' started by mandym, Aug 13, 2012.
Socialism or robbery!
Nope. Socialism is when government owns the means of production and/or distribution channels. We do have some "socialized" services if you will, since some things are so big that they can only be, or done better, as a group. Things like:
- Police
- Fire Departments
- Military
- Postal Services
- Manage the building of roads and infrastructure, eminent domain, etc.
If Obama was truly a socialist, he never would have let GM buy back out of the rescue plan. Nor the banks from their TARP money. He would have nationalized it all. Since the word "Socialism" is a loaded term in this country, it is used merely to incite discord.
Even "Obamacare" is not socialism. The big insurance companies are making out like bandits...PRIVATE insurance companies. I wish they would socialize healthcare ala the Scandinavian model, or even the British model. All of the scare tactics about those systems are baseless. We spend more and get less in the USA. We deserve, and can do, much better.
You have not shown that Obama is not a Socialist in ideology by anything you have said here. Let's just stick to the quote. Is shared prosperity not a socialist ideology?
Obamacare, as it was envisioned by Obama, was completely a government program.
His goal was to put all insurance companies out of business and have the government run it. He just couldn't get it done.
Anyone who thinks that doesn't qualify as socialized medicine is incapable of coherent thought.
The same applies to many of his programs to fundamentally remake America, He just couldn't get them done, either. But the desire was there and still is.
Obama was raised from a very early age to hate America and everything it stands for. It shows.
Don't like factual data, eh?
Shared prosperity simply means that when our economy does well, we all do well. Much ado about nada.
As I have said, I am fully onboard for socialized healthcare. As for your last statement, it is just more of your absurd, unsubstantiated delusion.
What you said, factual or otherwise, does not prove his ideology and where he would like to be.
That is not what it means. And you know it.
You are wrong. Your hatred of Obama deludes you.
Of course you are. You just can't make up your mind if Obama wants it socialized or not.
He clearly does, yet you claimed he isn't a socialist. You can't have it both ways. I think most people here know what he is. So do you. You just can't bring yourself to admit it. Not sure why.
Obama is for redistribution of wealth. Is that socialism or communism?
Obama has violated duly passed laws and encouraged others to do the same. Is that anarchy?
This person does not like America, that is apparent to anyone who is not snowed by his rhetoric!
Magnet, where would you go if you had a life threatening disease, American health care or Scandanavian health care?
>Socialism is when government owns the means of production and/or distribution channels
NO, that is communism.
What we now have is the international corporations controlling the government aka fascism or hegemony.
>where would you go if you had a life threatening disease, American health care or Scandanavian health care?
The US if I was rich. Scandinavia if I was working class.
Communism, socialism, fascism, all dictatorial forms of Marxism. Control the economy and you control freedom!
Prove Obama wants to redistribute wealth. Note also that during the Bush years, the accelleration of redistribution to the top 1% continued unabated. This article from BusinessWeek in 2004 says that the top 1% back then held more household wealth than the bottom 90% combined, a concentration not seen since the 1920s.
I DO have a life threatening disease. I agree with billwald. US if rich or lucky enough to have great insurance, Scandinavia otherwise.
Barak Hussein's latest mantra is "shared prosperity"!
>Communism, socialism, fascism, all dictatorial forms of Marxism. Control the economy and you control freedom!
Then why do some on this list approve of the international corporations controlling the US government?
Not a problem. His own words for one:
"My attitude is that if the economy's good for folks from the bottom up, it's gonna be good for everybody. I think when you spread the wealth around, it's good for everybody."
His tax plan, for another:


text:
Testing Analyst
Location: Cleveland, Ohio
Salary Range: $45K-$65K (Depending on Experience)
Position Type: Contract to Hire
The testing analyst handles all aspects of system testing, which includes but is not limited to, compliance testing, system testing for quotes, rating algorithms, policy issuance, statistical coding, system change requests, new products, system correction, print and policy output, billing issues and any other issue that may need to be tested and implemented. The analyst will have frequent contact with IT, underwriting, operations and other internal employees. They must establish excellent working relationships and partnerships with all users. They may be the key contact point on various issues and projects. The analyst will ensure accurate and timely processing of assigned issues and testing results they will also conduct appropriate follow-up on outstanding items, assure quality standards and meet estimated production dates while maintaining accurate documentation of tested issue. The individual authorizes moves into production and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Compliance testing.
Duties include but are not limited to:
. Reviews issues and determines test criteria and expected outcome, creates test plans to review input and output to ensure accuracy of update
. Enter test cases, quotes, and policy information into the user test policy processing system for all lines of business based on issue description
. Has the ability to establish test criteria from circular updates and/or company documentation
. Verifies that the production system is accurate by completing a review of loss cost changes in CPP Live after CPP Live production move
. Understands how the systems work and how entry is to be processed to obtain the expected result
. Consistently produces work that is accurate and processed within desired time frames
. Makes recommendations for improving workflow, correcting system problems, and reducing expense
. Provides regular status reports to manager and users regarding projects, calls meetings, or written reports
. Prepares and maintains test plans and project plans
. Establishes reports for tracking purposes and management controls
. Updates issue logs and participates in issue tracking meetings
Job Requirements:
. 3+ years either IT, or insurance experience (commercial lines or personal lines), or 2+ years of software testing
. Must be able to manually rate all lines of business - property, general liability, inland marine - both ISO and AAIS, crime, automobile, umbrella, business owner's policy and farm
. Must be well organized and have decision making ability
. Knowledge of Microsoft Office Applications and ability to learn new software programs
. College degree in business or IT related field is preferred and may substitute some experience


text:
Watch Empire of the Sun Movie Online
Published 01 19, 2015
Year : 1987
Release date : 25 December 1987
Country: USA
Genres: Drama, History, War,
Director : Steven Spielberg,
Writers: J.G. Ballard, Tom Stoppard, Menno Meyjes,
Stars: Christian Bale, John Malkovich, Miranda Richardson, Nigel Havers, Joe Pantoliano,
Time: 153 min.
Quality: DVDRip/BDRip
Keywords: Watch Empire of the Sun Movie Online
Empire of the Sun.A young English boy struggles to survive under Japanese occupation during World War II.Based on J. G. Ballard's autobiographical novel, tells the story of a boy, James Graham, whose privileged life is upturned by the Japanese invasion of Shanghai, December 8, 1941. Separated from his parents, he is eventually captured, and taken to Soo Chow confinement camp, next to a captured Chinese airfield. Amidst the sickness and food shortages in the camp, Jim attempts to reconstruct his former life, all the while bringing spirit and dignity to those around him...


text:
CLAIMS FOR LIBEL have traditionally been the preserve of the rich and famous. Hollywood stars, high-profile politicians, prominent society figures — these were the people who used to instruct an elite band of super-aggressive law firms to correct their maligned reputations. Now, though, a new breed of claimant is on the block. Roll up the Premiership footballer.
It is hard to imagine footballers from yesteryear being quite so sensitive — and litigious — as their modern-day counterparts. The likes of Stan Bowles, Rodney Marsh and Charlie George were often the subject of tabloid gossip, but they preferred to let their


text:
2WW is on the existing list, but TWW is not (both mean two week wait).
2WW is on the existing list, but TWW is not (both mean two week wait).
IndigoJ (05-03-2014)
I am following a gestational surrogate thread, they use the abbreviation IP for the bio parents, any ideas what this one is?
Me + Him = Perfection born
I blame the combination of the lack of sleep, the high fever I had, the pure fact my phone hates me and like to change my words and the shear fact i can write for peanuts. Oh and that bub hub would not letting me edit it.
I am glad I gave you the giggles
bhjules (05-03-2014),CakeyMumma (05-03-2014),DesperatelySeekingSleep (05-03-2014),IndigoJ (05-03-2014)
bhjules (05-03-2014),CompareTheMeerkat (05-03-2014)
I'm pretty sure IP does mean intended parents, LBB
CompareTheMeerkat (05-03-2014)
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