text: SUPPLEMENTAL TECHNICAL REFERENCE MATERIAL APPLICATION NOTE: 002 Revision lev 3 - 3/2 3/S3 COPYRIGHT c) bv VICTOR All rights reserved. This pub proprietary information which i; copyright. No part i c ation contain s protected b y t h i s £ this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language or computer language, or transmitted in any form whatsoever without the prior written consent of the publ isher . For information contact: VICTOR Publications 380 El Pueblo Road Scotts Valley, CA 95066 (408) 438-6680 TRADEMARKS VICTOR is a Techno log ies, registered Inc. trademark of Victor NOTICE VICTOR reserves the right to revise this publication from time to time and to make changes in the content hereof without obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes. First VICTOR printing March 1983. Rev 7\ 3/23/ :-3 CONTENTS Victor 9000 System Overview Page Rev 1.1 Computer 1-1 1 . 2 Memory 1-1 1.3 Disk System 1-2 1.4 Display System 1-3 3 1.5 Keyboard 1-4 1.6 Memory Map 1-5 1.6.1 MS-DOS 1-6 1.6.2 CP/M-86 1-7 2. Display Driver Specifications 2.1 Overview 2-1 2.2 Screen Control Sequences 2-2 2.3 Multi-Character Escape Sequences 2-3 2.3.1 Cursor Functions 2-3 2.3.2 Editing Functions 2-4 2.3.3 Configuration Functions 2-6 2.3.4 Operation Mode Functions 2-7 2.3.5 Special Functions 2-8 2.4 Direct Cursor Addressing - Examples .... 2-10 2.4.1 Microsoft MS-BASIC 2-10 2.4.2 Microsoft MACRO-86 2-11 2.4.3 Microsoft MS-Pascal 2-12 2.5 Transmit Page - Examples 2-13 2.5.1 Microsoft MS-BASIC 2-13 2.5.2 Microsoft MACRO-86 2-14 2.5.3 Microsoft MS-Pascal 2-15 Input/Output Port Specifications 3.1 Device Connection 3.2 Parallel Printer Connection 3.3 Parallel Cable Requirements 3.4 Serial Printer Connection 3.5 Serial Cable Requirements 3.6 Operating System Port Utilities ..... 3.6.1 SETIO - List Device Selection . 3.6.2 STAT - List Device Selection .. 3.6.3 PORTSET - Baud Rate Selection 3.6.4 PORTCONF - Baud Rate Selection 3.7 Serial Input/Output Ports 3.8 Baud Rate / Transmission - Examples 3.8.1 Microsoft MS-BASIC 3.8.2 Microsoft MACRO-86 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-7 3 3-8 3-9 3-11 3 Rev 3 - 3/23, CONTENTS continued Appendices Page Rev Appendix A: ASCII Codes A.l ASCII Codes used in the Victor 9000 A-l A. 2 ASCII/Hex/Decimal Chart A- 2 Appendix B: Keyboard B.l Victor 9000 Keyboard Layout B-l Appendix C: Input/Output Ports C.l Parallel (Centronics) Port C-l C.2 Serial (RS232C) Port C-2 C.3 IEEE-488 Port C-3 C.4 Control Port C-4 Appendix D: Assembler Examples D.l MACRO-86 Assembler Shell D-l D.2 ASM-86 Assembler Shell D-2 Appendix E: File Header Structure E.l EXE File Header Structure E-l Appendix F: Victor 9000 Specifications F.l Technical Specifications F-l F.2 Physical Specifications F-2 Appendix G: Glossary G.l Glossary of Terms G-l II Rev - 3/23/S3 i ',.: u i CHAPTER 1 Victor 9000 System Overview 1.1 Computer The Victor 9000 computer is based upon the Intel 8088 16-bit microprocessor. This processor chip is directly related to the Intel 8086 16-bit microprocessor, but with two subtle differences : 8088 8086 8-bit data bus 16-bit data bus 4 instruction look-ahead 6 instruction look-ahead The major difference, the 8-bit data bus, has some effect on the relative abilities of the two chips; the main difference is that while the 8086 can load an entire 16-bit word of data directly, the 8088 has to load two 8-bit bytes to achieve the same result - the outcome of which being that the 8088 processor is a little slower than the 8085. The loss of speed, however, is balanced by the fact that the cost of the main circuit board and add-on boards are lower than for the wider 8086 requirement. This means that the end-user will have the best cost/performance ratio for a 16- bit computer. 1.2 Memory The Victor 9000 has a maximum memory capacity of 896 kilobytes of Random Access Memory or "RAM" (a measure of a computer's internal storage capacity; a "kilobyte" is 1,024 bytes). A byte is able to store one character of data - thus the Victor 9000, with full 895k memory capacity is able to hold, internally, nearly 1 million characters - compare this figure with the older Z80 or 6502 computers that have a maximum memory capacity of less than 70,000 characters or 64k bytes of RAM. 1-1 Rev - 3/2 3/3 3 S i j p p I e in e n t .1 J 'I ■..- ■.: i 1 1 1 i 1.3 Disk System The Victor 9000 has several available; these are: integral disk configurations o Twin single-sided 600k bytes per drive 5 1/4-inch mini floppies, giving a total capacity of 1.2Mbytes (l,200kbytes) available on-line. o Twin double-sided 1.2M bytes per drive 5 1/4-inch minif loppies, giving a total capacity of 2.4Mbytes (2,400kbytes) available on-line. o Single 10M byte hard disk (Winchester) plus a single double-sided 1.2M byte 5 1/4-inch mini- floppy, giving a total capacity of 11.2Mbytes (ll,200kbytes) available on-line. Future disk systems will include an external 10Mbyte hard disk (Winchester) that will allow expansion of any of the above systems by a further 10,000k bytes. Although the Victor 9000 uses 5 1/4-inch minifloppies of a similar type to those used in other computers, the floppy disks themselves are not readable on other machines, nor can the Victor 9000 read a disk from another manufacturers machine. The Victor 9000 uses a unique recording method to allow the data to be packed as densely as 600kbytes on a single-sided single-density minifloppy; this recording method involves the regulation of the speed at which the floppy rotates, explaining the fact that the noise from the drive sometimes changes frequency. 1-2 Rev - 3/2 3/3 3 1 O P ! 1.4 Display System The display unit swivels and tilts to [permit optimum adjustment of the viewing angle, and the unit incorporates a 12-inch antiglare screen to prevent eye strain. The display, in normal mode, is 25 lines, each line having 80 columns. Characters are formed, in normal mode, in a 10-X-16 font cell, providing a highly-readable display. The screen may be used in high-resolution mode, providing a bit-mapped screen with 800-X-400 dot matrix resolution. The high-resolution mode is available only under software control, there is no means of simply "switching" in to high-resolution. Victor Technologies has provided software to allow full use of the screen. in high-resolution mode in the Graphics Tool Kit. Character sets are "soft" - that is they may be substituted for alternative character sets of the users choice, or creation. Only one 2 56-cha r ac te r character set may be displayed on the screen at one time - multiple character sets cannot, currently, be displayed simultaneously - but this feature may well become available in the future. Character set manipulation software is available in both the Graphics and Programmers Tool Kits. - ] Rev - 3/2 3/8 3 1.5 Keyboard palm rest permitting country in Several different types of keyboards are offered. Each keyboard is a separate, low-profile module with an optional for ease of use. Every key is programmable, the offering of a National keyboard in each which it is marketed. As a result, the keyboard can be 'customi zed to satisfy the requirements of foreign languages and so that striking a key enters a character or predetermined set of commands. Keyboards are as soft as the character sets - this allows a keyboard to be generated to match a newly created or special character set. Each key on the keyboard has three potential states; the unshifted, shifted and alternate. The unshifted mode is accessed when the shift key is not depressed along with the desired key; the shifted mode is accessed when the shift key is depressed along with the desired key; and the alternate mode is accessed when the ALT key is depressed along with the desired key. Keyboard manipulation software is available in both the Graphics and Programmers Tool Kits. 1-4 Rev - 3/23/8 3 Lipu 1.6 Memory Map The Victor 9000 is currently supplied with two major disk operating systems; CP/M-86 from Digital Research, and MS-DOS from Microsoft. Athough these two operating systems appear superficially similar, they are quite different in their operation, program interfacing techniques, and their memory structure. The following diagrams are the memory maps for CP/M-86 and MS-DOS; you will notice that some aspects of the machine never change, such as the screen RAM and interrupt vector locations, these areas are hardware defined, and as such never alter. The memory maps for MS-DOS and CP/M-86 are not fixed in the Victor 9000, thus some of the elements of the map will not be specific; this is not to be deliberately vague, but improvements to the performance aspects of the software do take place forcing the diagrams to be unspecific to some degree. 1-5 Rev - 3/23/33 uooiamenca 1.6.1 Memory Map — MS-DOS Operating System FFFFF FC00 0_ F4000 F0000 E0000. etc . 256k=3FFF0 128k=lFFF0 00480. 040 0. 00000 Boot Proms Reserved for Future Expansion Screen High-Speed Static RAM Memory-Mapped I/O Space BIOS Operating System MS-DOS . Command - Resident Portion Command - Transient Portion Transient Program Area (TPA) Alternate Character Set 128 Character Set Logo "Stub" - Jump Vectors Interrupt Vector Table 4k bytes 4k bytes 2k bytes 128 bytes Ik bytes 1-6 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Materia. 1.6.2 Memory Map — CP/M-86 Operating System FFFFF FC000_ F4000_ F0000. E0000, 480_ 00400_ 00000 Boot Proms Reserved for Future Expansion Screen High-Speed Static RAM Memory-Mapped I/O Space Operating System BIOS BDOS Transient Program Area (TPA) Alternate Character Set 128 Character Set Logo 'Stub" - Jump Vectors Interrupt Vector Table 4k bytes 4k bytes 2k bytes 128 bytes Ik bytes 1-7 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference ''later idi CHAPTER 2 Display Driver Specifications 2.1 Overview The display system in the Victor 9000 is, like so much of the machine, soft. The operating system BIOS contains the Zenith H-19 video terminal emulator, which is an enhanced control set of the DEC VT52 crt. The BIOS takes all ASCII characters received and either displays them or uses their control characteristics. The control characters 00hex (00decimal) thru lFhex (31decimal) and 7Fhex (127decimal) are not displayed under normal circumstances. The non- display characters previously discussed, plus those characters having the high-bit set, being 80hex (128decimal) through FFhex ( 255dec ima 1 ) , may be displayed on the screen under program control, but extensive use of these characters is easier with the Victor Technologies character graphics utilities. Most of the control characters act by themselves; for example, the TAB key (Control I, 09hex, 09decimal) will cause the cursor to move to the right to the next tab position. For more complex cursor/screen control the multiple character escape sequences should be used. The control characters, and the escape sequences are fully described below. 2-1 Rev - 3/23/33 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.2 Screen Control Sequences Single Control Characters Bell (Control G, 07hex, 07decimal - ASCII BEL) This ASCII character is not truly a displaying character, but causes the loudspeaker to make a beep. Backspace (Control H, 08hex, 08decimal - ASCII BS) Causes the cursor to be positioned one column to the left of its current position. If at column 1, it causes the cursor to be placed at column 80 of the previous line; if the cursor is at column 1, line 1, then the cursor moves to column 80 of line 1. Horizontal Tab (Control I, 09hex, 09decimal - ASCII HT) Positions the cursor at the next tab stop to the right. Tab stops are fixed, and are at columns 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57, 65, and 72 through 80. If the cursor is at column 80, it remains there. Line Feed (Control J, 0Ahex, 10decimal - ASCII LF) Positions the cursor down one line. If at line 24, then the display scrolls up one line. This key may be treated as a carriage return — see ESC x9 . Carriage Return (Control M, 0Dhex, 13decimal - ASCII CR) Positions the cursor at column 1 of the current line. This key may be treated as a line feed — see ESC x8 . Shift Out (Control N, 0Ehex, 14decimal - ASCII SO) Shift out of the standard system character set, and shift into the alternative system character set (Character set 1, Gl). This gives the ability to access and display those characters having the high-bit set - being those characters from 80hex (128decimal) through FFhex (255decimal) . Shift In (Control 0, 0Fhex, 15decimal - ASCII SI) Shift into the standard system character set (Character set 0, G0). This gives the ability to access and display the standard ASCII character set - being those characters from 00hex (00decimal) through 7Fhex (127decimal) . 2-2 Rev - 3/23/33 Supplemental Technical Reference Materia 2.3 Multi-Character Escape Sequences 2.3.1 Cursor Functions Escape Sequence/Function ESC A ESC B ESC C ESC D ESC H ESC I ESC Y 1 c ESC j ESC k ESC n ASCII Code IB, 41hex 27, 65dec IB, 42hex 27, 66dec IB, 43hex 27, 67dec IB, 44hex 27, 68dec IB, 48hex 27, 72dec IB, 49hex 27, 73dec IB, 59hex 27, 89dec IB, 6Ahex 27, 106dec IB, 6Bhex 27, 107dec IB, 6Ehex 27, 110dec Performed Function Move cursor up one line without changing column. Move cursor down one line without changing column. Move cursor forward one character position. Move cursor backward one character position. Move cursor to the home position. Cursor moves to line 1 , col umn 1. Reverse index. Move cursor up to previous line at current column position. Moves the cursor via direct (absolute) addressing to the line and column location described by '1' and 'c'. The line ('1') and column ('c') coordinates are binary values offset from 20hex (32decimal) . (For further information on the use of direct addressing see section 2.4) . Store the current cursor position. The cursor location is saved for later restoration (see ESC k) . Returns cursor to the previously saved location (see ESC j) . Return the current cursor position. The current cursor location is returned as line and column, offset from 20hex (32decimal), in the next character input request. 2-3 Rev - 3/23/33 Supplemental Technical Reference Mater 1 a 1 2.3.2 Editing Functions Escape Sequence/Function ESC 9 ASCII Code IB, 40hex 27, 64dec Performed Function Enter the character insert mode. Characters may be added at the current cursor position, as each new character is added, the character at the end of the 1 ine is lost. ESC E ESC J ESC K ESC L ESC M ESC N ESC ESC b IB, 45hex 27, 69dec IB, 4Ahex 27, 74dec IB, 4Bhex 27, 75dec IB, 4Chex 27, 76dec IB, 4Dhex 27, 77dec IB, 4Ehex 27, 78dec IB, 4Fhex 27, 79dec IB, 62hex 27, 98dec Erase the entire screen. Erase from the current cursor position to the to the end of the screen. Erase the screen from the current cursor position to the end of the line. Insert a blank line on the current cursor line. The current line, and all following lines are moved down one, and the cursor is placed at the beginning of the blank line . Delete the line containing the cursor, place the cursor at the start of the line, and move all following lines up one - a blank line is inserted at line 24. Delete the character at the cursor position, and move all other characters on the line after the cursor to the left one character position. Exit from the character insert mode (see ESC §) . Erase the screen from the start of the screen up to, and including, the current cursor position . 2-4 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2-3.2 Editing Functions — continued Escape Sequence/Function ASCII Code Performed Function ESC i IB, 6Chex Erase entire current cursor 27, 108dec line. E SC o IB, 6Fhex Erase the beginning of the 27, llldec line up to, and including, the current cursor position. 2-5 Rev - 3/23/33 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.3.3 Configuration Functions ASCII Code Escape Sequence/Function ESC x Ps IB, 78hex 27, 120dec 31hex, 49dec 33hex, 51dec 34hex, 52dec 35hex, 53dec 38hex, 56dec 39hex, 57dec 41hex, 65dec 42hex, 66dec 43hex, 67dec Performed Function Sets mode(s) as follows: Ps 1 3 4 5 8 A B C Mode Enable 25th line Hold screen mode on Block cursor Cursor off Auto line feed on receipt of a carriage return. Auto carriage return on receipt of line feed Increase audio volume Increase CRT brightness Increase CRT contrast ESC y Ps IB, 79hex Re 27, 120dec Ps 31hex, 49dec 1 33hex, 51dec 3 34hex, 52dec 4 35hex, 53dec 5 38hex, 56dec 8 39hex, 57dec 41hex, 42hex, 43hex, 65dec 66dec 67dec Resets mode(s) as follows Mode Disable 25th line Hold screen mode off Underscore cursor Cursor off No auto line feed on rec- eipt of a carriage return. No auto carriage return on receipt of line feed Decrease audio volume" Decrease CRT brightness Decrease CRT contrast A B C ESC [ ESC \ ESC " IB, 5Bhex 27, 91dec IB, 27, 5Chex 92dec IB, 5Ehex 27, 94dec Set hold mode Clear hold mode Toggle hold mode on/off, 2-6 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference (Material 2.3.4 Operation Mode Functions Escape Sequence/Function ASCII Code Performed Function ESC ( IB, 28hex Enter high intensity mode. All 27, 40dec characters displayed after this point will be displayed in high-intensity. ESC ) IB, 29hex Exit high intensity mode. IB, 41dec ESC IB, 30hex Enter underline mode. All 27, 48dec characters displayed after this point will be underlined. ESC 1 IB, 31hex Exit underline mode. 27, 49dec ESC p IB, 70hex Enter reverse video mode. All 27, 112dec characters displayed after this point will be displayed in reverse video. ESC q IB, 71hex Exit reverse video mode. 27, 113dec 2-7 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.3.5 Special Functions Performed Function Escape Sequence/Function ASCII Code ESC # IB, 23hex 27, 35dec Return the current contents of the page. The entire contents of the screen are made available at the next character input request(s). (For further information on the use of this function, see section 2.5). ESC $ IB, 24hex Return the value of the 27, 36dec character at the current cursor position. The .character is returned in the next character input request. ESC + IB, 2Bhex Clear the foreground. Clear all high-intensity displayed characters . ESC 2 IB, 32hex Make cursor blink. IB, 2Bhex 27, 43dec IB, 32hex 27, 50dec IB, 33hex 27, 51dec IB, 38hex 27, 56dec ESC 3 IB, 33hex Stop cursor blink. 27, 51dec ESC 8 IB, 38hex Set the text (literally) mode for the next single character. This allows the display of characters from 01hex (01dec) thru lFhex (31dec) on the screen. Thus the BELL character (07hex, 07dec) will not cause the bleep, but a character will appear on the screen. ESC Z IB, 5Ahex Identify terminal type. The 27, 90dec VT52 emulator will return ESC\Z in the next character input request. ESC ] IB, 5Dhex Return the value of the 25th 27, 93dec line. The next series of character input requests will receive the current contents of the 25th line. 2-8 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.3.5 Special Functions — continued Escape Sequence/Function ASCII Code Performed Function ESC V *!' 7?k<! x E "able wrap-around at the end it, 118dec of each screen line. A character placed after column 80 of a line will be placed on the next line at column 1. Disable wrap-around at the end of each line. Reset terminal emulator to the power-on state. This clears all user selected modes, clears the screen, and homes the cursor. ESC w ESC z IB, 77hex 27, 119dec IB, 7Ahex 27, 122dec ESC { 1B < 7Bhex 27, 123dec ESC } ) . ESC J IB, 7Dhex Enable keyboard input, (see IB, 7Dhex Disable keyboard input. This 27, 125dec locks the keyboard. Any ESC i p s IB, 69hex 27, 105dec character(s) typed are ignored until an ESC { is issued. Displays banner as follows ££ Mode 30hex, 48dec Display entire banner J ex ' f^ec 1 Display company logo 11*11' l^ QC I Dis P la y aerating system Jjriex, 51dec 3 Display configuration 2 9 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.4 Direct Cursor Addressing — Examples of Use The direct cursor addressing function is accessed by sending the ESC Y 1 c sequence to the screen (see section 2.3.1). "1" is the line number required, whose valid coordinates are between 1 and 24. An offset of lFhex (31decimal) must be added to the location required in order to correctly locate the cursor, "c" is the column number required, whose valid coordinates are between 1 and 80. An offset of lFhex (31decimal) must be added to the location required in order to correctly locate the cursor. Note that the true offset requirement of 20hex (32decimal) for line and column may only be used accurately when the line number is viewed to 23, and the column number to 79. The line/column number requested must be handled as a binary digit, examples of this follow: 2.4.1 Microsoft MS-BASIC — Direct Cursor Positioning The following method uses offsets from line 1, column 1: 10 PRINT CHR$(27)+"E" : REM CLEAR THE SCREEN 20 DEF FNM$(LIN,COL)=CHR$(27)+"Y"+CHR$(31+LIN)+CHR$(31+COL) 30 PRINT "Enter line (1-24) and column (1-80), as LINE, COL 40 INPUT LIN, COL 50 PRINT FNM$(LIN,COL) ; 60 FOR I = 1 TO' 1000 :REM PAUSE BEFORE OK MESSAGE DISPLAYED 70 NEXT I The alternative method, using offsets from zero is shown below: 10 PRINT CHR$(27)+"E" :REM CLEAR THE SCREEN 20 DEF FNM$(LIN,COL)=CHR$(27)+"Y"+CHR$(32+LIN)+CHR$(32+COL) 30 PRINT "Enter line (0-23) and column (0-79), as LINE, COL "; 40 INPUT LIN, COL 50 PRINT FNM$(LIN,COL) ; 60 FOR I = 1 TO 1000 :REM PAUSE BEFORE OK MESSAGE DISPLAYED 70 NEXT I 2-10 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.4.2 Microsoft MACRO-86 Assembler — Direct Cursor Positioning line off equ 20h ;line position offset from col off equ 20h ;column position offset from esc - equ lbh ;escape character msdos equ 21h ; interrupt to MS-DOS clear_screen db esc,'E$' ;clear screen request dir_cur_pos_lead db esc,'Y$' ;cursor positioning lead-in ; the cursor position required is handed down in BX where BH = line (0-23 binary) , BL = column (0-79 binary) clear_and_locate : mov ah,9h ; string output up to $ mov dx, offset clear_screen ;get the clear screen string int msdos ; and output it up to the $ the cursor position required is in BX add bh,line_off ;normalize line for output add bl,col_off ;normalize column for output send the direct cursor positioning lead-in mov ah,9h ;select screen output up to $ mov dx f offset dir_cur_pos_lead ;select the lead in ESC Y int msdos ;and output it up to $ now the contents of BX must be sent to the terminal emulator mov dl,bh ; ready the line number mov ah,6h ;direct console output of DL int msdos ;output the line coordinate mov dl,bl ; ready the column number mov ah,6h ;direct console output of DL int msdos ;send the column coordinate 7 ; the cursor is now at the location selected in BX 2-11 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.4.3 Microsoft Pascal Compiler — Direct Cursor Positioning program position ( input , output) ; {This method uses offsets from line 0, column 0.} const clear_screen = chr(27) * chr(69); var result : array[1..4] of char; i, line, column : integer, row, col : char; begin result[l] := chr(27); {RESULT = ESC} result[2] := chr(89); {RESULT = "Y"} write (clear_screen) ; write (' Enter line (0-23) and column (0-79), as LINE COLUMN: '); readln (line, column); writeln (clear — screen) ; row := chr(32 + line); col := chr(32 + column); result[3] := row; {RESULT = ROW}. result[4] : = col; {RESULT = COL} for i := 1 to 4 do write (result[i]); {PRINT CURSOR TO SCREEN} for i := 1 to 32000 do {PAUSE} end . 2-12 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.5 Transmit Page — Examples of Use The transmit page function is accessed by sending the ESC # sequence to the screen (see section 2.3.5). The result of this sequence is that all characters on the screen, as well as the cursor positioning sequences required to re-create the screen, are sent to the keyboard buffer. Reading the keyboard via a normal keyboard input request will return the entire screen of data to the program. The screen buffer within the program should be at least 1920decimal bytes long to accomodate the entire screen - the program will need to perform 1920 single character inputs to empty the keyboard buffer. Note that the character input requests must be done rapidly to prevent the keyboard buffer overflowing and causing loss of data - note, too, that on a keyboard buffer overflow, the bell sounds. The following sample programs demonstrate the use for this function request: 2.5.1 Microsoft MS-BASIC — Transmit Page 10 DIM A$(1920) 20 PRINT CHR$(27)+"#"; 30 FOR I = 1 TO 1920 40 A$(I)=INKEY$ 50 NEXT I 60 PRINT CHR$ (27)+" E"; 70 FOR I = 1 TO 1920 80 PRINT A$(I) ; 90 NEXT I 2-13 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.5.2 Microsoft MACRO-86 Assembler — Transmit Page coniof equ 6h conin equ 0ffh pr intf equ 9h msdos equ 21h buf f er_ _1 eng th eq u 1920 ;direct console i/o function ;console input request ;screen o/p up to $ ; interrupt operating system ;entire screen count read_screen db clear__screen db buffer db ;read entire screen sor lbh,'f$' ; l eau cnunc a«-Lccn lbh,'E$' ;clear screen/home curso buf fer_length dup (?) ;main buffer region mov ax , DS mov ES,ax mov di ,of f set buffer mov si ,di mov dx ,of f set read_.screen mov ah,printf int msdos ; now read entire screen in to BUF mov ah, coniof mov dl , conin mov cx,buffer_ _length in_loop: int msdos stosb loop in_loop mov ah,printf mov dx ,of f set clear_scree int msdos now replace the screen data mov ex ,buf fer_ length mov ah, coniof ;get buffer data segment ; ready for store ;get storage buffer ;init for later use ;read entire screen string ;o/p it up to $ ;call the OS ;read from keyboard buffer ; ready to read ;count of chars to read ;get a char in AL ;save the char in BUFFER ; and loop til buffer full ; ready to clear the screen ;get the string ; and o/p it up to $ ;get the count ;get the o/p char function out__loop: lodsb mov int loop ret dl,al msdos out__loop get a char ready to go o/p it loop til buffer empty 2-14 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 2.5.3 Microsoft Pascal Compiler — Transmit Page PROGRAM Scrnbuf; CONST clear screen = CHR (27) *CHR (69) *CHR (36) ; transmit_page = CHR (27) *CHR (35) *CHR ( 36) ; err_msg = ' ERROR$ ' ; direct_conio = #6; conin - #0FF; print_string = #9; VAR screen_dump : ARRAY [1. .1920] OF CHAR; ch : CHAR; i : INTEGER; pa ram : WORD; status : BYTE; FUNCTION DOSXQQ( command, parameter : WORD ) : BYTE; EXTERNALS- BEGIN EVAL(DOSXQQ(print_string,WRD(ADR(transmit_page) ) ) ); param:= BYWORD( 0, conin ) ; status:= DOSXQQ( direct_conio , param ); IF status <> THEN BEGIN i:= 1; WHILE status <> DO BEGIN ch:= CHR(status) ; screen_dump[ i] := ch; i:= i + 1; status:= DOSXQQ( direct_conio , param ); END; i : = i - 1 ; EVAL(DOSXQQ(print_string,WRD(ADR(clear_screen) ) ) ); FOR VAR J:= 1 TO i DO EVAL(DOSXQQ( di rect_conio , WRD (screen_dump[ J] ) ) ); END ELSE EVAL(DOSXQQ(print_string,WRD(ADR(err_msg) ) ) ); END. 2-15 Rev - 3/23/33 Supplemental Technical Reference Material CHAPTER 3 Victor 9000 Input/Output Port Specification 3.1 Device Connection There are 5 ports available on the Victor 9000 - they are as follows: 2 x Serial (RS232C) - Ports A and B 1 x Parallel (Centronics) 2 x Parallel (control - located on CPU board) The ports are located on the rear of the Victor 9000 as shown in the following diagram: □I C3 PARALLEL PORT VIDEO CONNECTOR R5232 SERIAL PORT A -TTY ^g^ nO- RS232 SERIAL PORT B-UL1 Figure 1 Victor 9000 Parallel and Serial Ports 3-1 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.2 Parallel Printer Connection To connect a parallel printer to the Victor 9000, a suitable cable is required - if the printer is supplied by Victor Technologies, then it will be a matter of plugging the cable into both machines; cables should be attached as follows: 1) Disconnect power from both the computer and printer. 2) Disconnect the Victor video connector (see 3.1) 3) Attach interface cable to Victor and printer 4) Re-attach the video connector 5) Set the printer dip-switches as required 3.3 Parallel Cable Requirements If a suitable parallel cable is not available, you will need to make .one - use the guidelines that follow to create your own cable : You will need a male Centronics-compatible Amphenol 57-30360 type connector for the Victor 9000 end of the cable; use the type of connector suggested by the printer manufacturer for the printer end, in general, another male Centronics- compatible Amphenol 57-30360 type connector will be required. You will also require a length of 12-core cable (10 feet maximum length). Refer to the port layout in your printer handbook - compare this with the Victor 9000 parallel port layout (see C.l). If the pin numbers and signal requirements are the same, then construct the cable as follows: ! 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 n ii 16 16 It does not matter which end of the cable is connected to the printer or the computer. 3-2 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.6 Operating System Port Utilities Victor Technologies supplies a selection of programs under both CP/M-86 and MS-DOS to allow the temporary selection of both baud rate and list device port. If you attach a printer to your system you may be required to perform some of the following steps in order to utilize the printer. Before you use any of the utilities discussed you need to be aware of the port the printer is attached to; Port A, B or Parallel. You will also need to know, except in the case of a parallel printer, what the baud rate, stop-bits and parity your printer is set up at. Note that many printers will start to lose data at baud rates above 4800, you must, therefore, select a baud rate that your printer can handle. 3.6.1 SETIO - MS-DOS List Device Selection Utility To select the correct port for the list device you have attached, the SETIO program has been provided. This program is used as follows: SETIO LST = TTY - printer is attached to port A SETIO LST = UL1 - printer is attached to port B SETIO LST = LPT - printer is attached to parallel port It is recommended that your printer be attached to either port B or the parallel port. Once SETIO has executed, it displays a map of the ports, with the ones you selected highlighted on the screen - if this is not \corrcet, / repeat the process. 3.6.2 STAT - CP/M-86 List Device Selection Utility To select the correct port for the list device you have attached, the STAT program has been provided. This program is used as follows: STAT LST:=TTY: - printer is attached to port A STAT LST:=UL1: - printer is attached to port B STAT LST:=LPT: - printer is attached to parallel port It is recommended that your printer be attached to either port B or the parallel port. 3-5 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.6.3 PORTSET - MS-DOS Baud Rate Selection Utility To select the correct baud rate for ports A or B (but this is not applicable to the parallel port), the PORTSET program is provided. This program is menu driven, and is used as follows : To the prompt type PORTSET, the screen will display a choice of three ports: 1) Port A (RS232C) 2) Centronics/Parallel Port 3) Port B (RS232C) Type either 1,2 or 3. If you type 1 or 3, the next menu screen is displayed - this screen has baud-rate choices labelled A through N - select one of the baud-rates. 3.6.4 PORTCONF - CP/M-86 Baud Rate Selection Utility This program is used in exactly the same manner as PORTSET (see 3.6.3) . 3-6 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.7 Serial Input/Ouput Ports The two serial input/output ports are memory mapped ports located in the memory segment E000hex; and they are mapped as follows: E000:40 - port A data (input/output) E000:41 - port B data (input/output) E000:42 - port A control (read/write) E000:43 - port B control (read/write) The following information is available in each port's control register: bit - rx character available bit 1 - not used bit 2 - tx buffer empty bit 3 - DCD bit 4 - not used bit 5 - CTS bit 6 - not used bit 7 - not used See Appendix C.2 for information on each port's pinouts. Note that writing a 10hex to the relevent control register allows the resensing of the modem leads (i.e. DCD and CTS) with their current values being updated in the port's control register. Since the Victor 9000 configures the NEC 7201 chip to operate in auto-enable mode, DCD (pin 8 on the port connector) must be ON, and CTS (pin 5 on the port connector) must be ON to enable the 7201's receiver and trasmitter respectively. RTS and DTR are always ON as a convenient source for an RS-232C control ON (+11 volts) . 3-7 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.8 Baud Rate and Data Input/Output - Sample Programs The means of establishing the baud rates, receiving and transmitting data are discussed in the following programs. The serial port's control register are discussed in 3.7 - the means of accessing them is better described with the programming examples that follow. The following programs provide information on how to set up the baud rates on the serial ports (A and B) - they also demonstrate how to send and receive data from these ports. 3-8 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.8.1 Microsoft MS-BASIC — Baud Rate and Data Input/Output The following program may be used in place of PORTSET or PORTCONF if you omit the lines 500 through 740 inclusive. 10 DIM RATE (14) 20 REM Select the data port 30 PRINT CHR$ (27)+"E" ; : REM Clear the screen 40 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT : PRINT 50 PRINT "The serial ports are:" : PRINT 60 PRINT ," A - Serial Port TTY - left hand on back" 70 PRINT ," B - Serial Port ULl - right hand on back" 80 PRINT : PRINT 90 PRINT /"Select the port you want to use, A or B "; 100 PORT$ = INPUT$(1) 110 PRINT PORT$ 120 IF PORT$ 130 IF PORT$ = "A" THEN STATI0=2 = "b" THEN STATI0=3 = "B" THEN STATI0=3 DAT I 0=0 DAT I 0=0 DAT I 0=1 DAT I 0=1 GOTO 210 GOTO 210 GOTO 210 GOTO 210 240 PRINT ," 1 = 250 PRINT ," 2 = 260 PRINT ," 3 = 270 PRINT ," 4 = 280 PRINT ," 5 = 290 PRINT ," 6 = 300 PRINT ," 7 = 310 PRINT : PRINT 140 IF P0RT$ 150 IF P0RT$ 160 GOTO 30 200 REM Set the baud rate 210 PRINT CHR$ (27)+"E"; : REM Clear the screen 220 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT : PRINT 230 PRINT "The available baud rates are as follows:" : PRINT 300 baud" 600 baud" 1200 baud" 2400 baud" 4800 baud" 9600 baud" 19200 baud" PRINT 320 PRINT "Select one of the above baud rates: " ; 33 RATE$ = INPUT$(1) 340 IF RATE$ > "7" THEN 210 350 IF RATE$ < "1" THEN 210 360 PRINT RATE$ 400 REM Now set the baud rate in the port selected 410 DEF SEG = &HE002 420 IF DATIO = THEN POKE 3,54 : IF DATIO = 1 THEN POKE 3,118 430 FOR I = 1 TO 14 440 READ RATE (I) : REM Set the baud rate matrix 450 NEXT I 460 NODE = (VAL(RATE$)-1)*2+1 470 POKE DATIO, RATE (NODE) 480 POKE DATIO, RATE (NODE+1) — Listing Continued on Next Page — 3-9 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 500 REM Now data may be entered and sent down line 510 PRINT CHR$ (27)+"E"; : REM Clear the screen 520 PRINT : PRINT ,"Baud rate established" 530 PRINT : PRINT : PRINT 540 DEF SEG = &HE004 550 PRINT /'Enter data to be sent down line with return to end" 560 PRINT ,"or just press return to receive data -" 570 PRINT 580 TEXT$=INKEY$ 590 IF TEXT$="" THEN 630 600 IF TEXT$=CHR$(13) THEN PRINT TEXT$ :TEXT$=CHR$ (126) :GOTO 620 610 PRINT TEXT$; 620 GOSUB 650 630 GOSUB 690 640 GOTO 580 650 STATUS=PEEK (STATIO) : STATUS=STATUS AND 4 660 IF STATUS = THEN 650 :REM Waiting to send char 670 POKE DATIO, ASC(TEXT$) 680 RETURN 690 STATUS = PEEK (STATIO) : STATUS = STATUS AND 1 700 IF STATUS = THEN RETURN : REM No char available 710 DATUM = PEEK (DATIO) : DATUM = DATUM AND 127 720 IF DATUM = 126 THEN PRINT CHR$(13) : RETURN 730 PRINT CHR$ (DATUM); : REM Show char from line 740 RETURN 1000 DATA 0,1,&H80,0,&H40,0,&H20,0,&H10, 0,8, 0,4,0 3-10 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.8.2 MACRO-86 Assembler — Baud Rate and Data Input/Output The following assembler modules may be included in a program and called with the stated parameters. The character input and output modules will need re-coding if your program requires status return rather than looping for good status. rates db 0h,lh,80h,0h ;baud rate conversion table db 40h,0h,20h,0h db 10h,0h,8h,0h db 4h,0h ********************************************************** Routine: BAUD_SET Function: To set Port A or B baud rate Entries: AL = 0=PortA, l=PortB DX = 0=300 baud, 1=600 baud, 2=1200 baud 3=2400 baud, 4=4800 baud, 5=9600 baud 6=19200 baud Returns: None Corruptions: ES, AX, BX, CX, DX ********************************************************** baud_set: mov mov mov or jnz i mov jmp set B: mov set_rate : mov shl add mov xor mov mov mov ret cx,0e002h ES,cx bx,3 al ,al set_B byte ptr ES: [bx] ,36h short set rate byte ptr ES: [bx] ,76h bx, offset rates dx,l bx ,dx dx, [bx] bh,bh bl,al byte ptr ES: [bx] ,dl byte ptr ES: [bx] ,dh ;get the segment ;init the segment register ;point to counter control ;see if Port A or B to be set ;AL > 0, so set Port B counter ;set it for port A ; and input the Baud rate ;set port B counter get the baud rate table DX = DX * 2 for words point to baud rate entry get the baud rate BH=0 get the required port send first byte and last byte of rate baud rate established 3-11 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.8.2 Baud Rate and Data Input/Output — continued ********************************************************** Routine: SEND_CHAR Function: To output a character to a serial port Entries: AL = 0=PortA, l=PortB AH = Character to send Returns: None Corruptions: ES, AX, BX ********************************************************** send_char : mov bx,0e004h mov ES,bx xor bh,bh mov bl,al add bl,2 in_status_loop: mov al ,ES: [bx] and al ,4h jnz in_status_loop sub mov ret bl,2 ES: [bx] ,ah ; get the port segment ;set the segment ; BH=0 ;get the required port ; required port status ;get the status ;mask for TX empty ;not ready - loop ;point to data /character gone 3-12 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material 3.8.2 Baud Rate and Data Input/Output — continued ********************************************************** Routine: GET_CHAR Function: To input a character from a serial port Entries: AL = 0=PortA, l=PortB Returns: AL = character Corruptions: ES, AX, BX ********************************************************** get_char mov bx,0e004h mov ES # bx xor bh,bh mov bl,al add bl,2 out_status_loop : mov al ,ES: [bx] and al,lh jnz out__status_loop sub bl,2 mov al,ES: [bx] ret ;get the port segment ;set the segment ;BH=0 ;get the required port ; required port status ;get the status ;mask for RX character avail ;not ready - loop ; point to data ;character received 3-13 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material APPENDIX A A.l ASCII Codes Used in the Victor 9000 Computer The American Standard Codes for Information Interchange (ASCII) has been defined to allow data communication between computers, their peripherals, and other computers. The other major code standard is the Extended Binary Coded-Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) used on some mainframe computers. The Victor 9000 computer is designed to function in ASCII, but communication software is available that allows the Victor 9000 to receive EBCDIC data and have it translated into ASCII, and vice versa. The following table contains the 7-ASCII codes and their meanings. It is called 7-ASCII as only 7-bits of the potential 8-bits are used to carry data; the "spare" bit is utilized in the Victor 9000 computer to support characters not otherwise available in the 7-ASCII set. An Eight Bit Byte is pictured as follows: [ 7 ] [ 6 ] [ 5 ] [ 4 ] [ 3 ] [ 2 ][ 1 ] [ ] the bits are numbered through 7 (which adds up to eight bits), and it is the 8th bit (bit 7 in computer jargon) which is not used in 7-ASCII. A-l Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Materi al A. 2 ASCII / HEXADECIMAL / DECIMAL Character Set ASCII Hex Dec ASCII Hex Dec ASCII Hex Dec ASCII Hex Dec NUL 00 00 space 20 32 @ 40 64 N 60 96 SOH 01 01 j 21 33 A 41 55 a 61 97 STX 02 02 n 22 34 B 42 66 b 62 98 ETX 03 03 # 23 35 C 43 67 c 63 99 EOT 04 04 $ 24 36 D 44 68 d 64 100 ENQ 05 05 % 25 37 E 45 69 e 65 101 ACK 06 06 & 26 38 F 46 70 f 66 102 BEL 07 07 i 27 39 G 47 71 g 67 103 BS 08 08 ( 28 40 H 48 72 h 68 104 HT 09 09 ) 29 41 I 49 73 i 69 105 LF 0A 10 * 2A 42 J 4A 74 j 6A 106 VT 0B 11 + 2B 43 K 4B 75 k 6B 107 FF 0C 12 r 2C 44 L 4C 76 1 6C 108 CR 0D 13 2D 45 M 4D 77 m 6D 109 SO 0E 14 • 2E 46 N 4E 78 n 6E 110 SI 0F 15 / 2F 47 4F 79 o 6F 111 DLE 10 16 30 48 P 50 80 P 70 112 DC1 11 17 1 31 49 Q 51 81 q 71 113 DC 2 12 18 2 32 50 R 52 82 r 72 114 DC 3 13 19 3 33 51 S 53 83 s 73 115 DC 4 14 20 4 34 52 T 54 84 t 74 116 NAK 15 21 5 35 53 U 55 85 u 75 117 SYN 16 22 6 36 54 V 56 86 V 76 118 ETB 17 23 7 37 55 W 57 87 w 77 119 CAN 18 24 8 38 56 X 58 88 X 78 120 EM 19 25 9 39 57 Y 59 89 y 79 121 SUB 1A 26 J 3A 58 Z 5A 90 z 7A 122 ESC IB 27 } 3B 59 [ 5B 91 { 7B 123 FS 1C 28 < 3C 60 \ 5C 92 1 7C 124 GS ID 29 = 3D 61 ] 5D 93 } 7D 125 RS IE 30 > 3E 62 a 5E 94 *■ 7E 126 US IF 31 p 3F 63 5F 95 DEL 7F 127 A-2 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material APPENDIX B B.l Victor 9000 Keyboard Layout Legend : Shaded region indicates unused key switch k 32 53 73 94 □ y- y .y~. . . y~~ — ~y~ iTM¥Mi?TYri5l^^ 33, M3TlYb5M^M37lY[^M39^ 25 W 26 V 27 J2ppp 74 57 58 60 & 35 |Y| 96 i m 83Y84 m*L 86 37 V 17 67 w 48 38 £8 V 88 w 83 I s Z3C 33 V _y 28 30 29 Mi^M V V KtWf7T>J72l 31 V 100 i^M' v V ioe v V 31 V 33 H Figure 2 Victor 9000 Keyboard Configuration with Key Switch Positions and Logical Key Numbers B-l Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material APPENDIX C C.l Victor 9000 Parallel (Centronics) Port Pin Number Signal 1 Data Strobe 2 Data 1 3 . Data 2 4 Data 3 5 Data 4 6 Data 5 7 Data 6 g Data 7 9 Data 8 10 ACK H Busy 17 Pshield 12,18,30,31 Not connected Remaining GND C-l Rev - 3/23/83 <P Supplemental Technical Reference Mate rial C.3 Victor 9000 IEEE-488 Port The Victor 9000 IEEE-488 cable attaches to the parallel port - the pin number refers to the actual computer port connector; the IEEE-488 pin number refers to the standard IEEE-488 pin-out as they must attach to the parallel port. The IEEE pin numbers referred to with the (**z) are wires that are to be bound together as twisted pairs. Pin Number IEEE Signal IEEE Pin Number 1 DAV — 19 GND -- 2 DI01 — 3 DI02 — 4 DI03 — 5 DI04 -- 6 . DI05 — 7 DI06 -- 8 DI07 — 9 DI08 — 10 NRFD — 28 GND — H SRQ — 29 — GND — 13 NDAC — 33 GND — 15 EOI — 17 shield 34 ren — 35 ATN — 16 GND — 36 iFC - 27 GND - 20 — GND — 6 (**a) 18 (**a) 1 2 3 4 13 14 15 16 7 (**b) 19 (**b) 10 (**c) 22 (**c) 8 (**d) 20 (**d) 5 12 17 11 (**e) 23 (**e) 9 (**f) 21 (**f) 24 C-3 ' Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Heterence Material C.4 Victor 9000 Control Port Pin Number Signal I -12V 2 12V 3 Not connected 4 Not connected 5 +12V 6 +12V 7 +5V 8 +5V 9 Not connected IQ Light Pen H GND 12 CA1 13 GND 14 CA2 15 GND 16 PA0 17 GND 18 PA1 19 GND 20 PA2 21 GND 22 — PA3 23 GND 24 PA4 25 GND 26 PA5 27 GND 28 PA6 29 GND 30 PA7 31 GND 32 PB0 33 GND 34 PBl 35 GND 36 PB2 37 GND 38 PB3 39 GND 40 PB4 41 GND 42 PB5 43 GND 44 PB6 45 GND 46 PB7 / CODEC Clock Output 47 — GND 48 CB1 49 GND 50 CB2 C-4 Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material APPENDIX D D.l Example Assembler Shell Program for MS-DOS Interfacing The Microsoft MACRO-86 assembler follows closely the Intel ASM-86 specifications. The operating system interfacing technique is via a straightforward interrupt (INT 21Hex), with the required operational parameter in the AH register. MS-DOS does not corrupt any registers other than the ones used for the sending or receiving of data. An example of the running and exiting program technique, plus the required assembler directives, follows. The program example is for the small memory model; but it will apply equally well to the compact or large memory model. The 8080 memory model is not recommended as it results in poor usage of the potential of the 8086/8088 processor. At link time, this programming example will generate an .EXE file - the header information on this file type will be found in E.l. title Example of MS-DOS/MACRO-86 Assembly Programming dgroup group data cgroup group code msdos equ 00021h ; interrupt to operating system data segment public 'data' ;###### insert your data here ###### data ends code segment public 'code' assume CS : cgroup, DS : dgroup example proc near ;origin of code begin: push ES ;save return segment address call run_module ,-run the program run ends - select close down exit proc far ;close down code xor ax, ax ;zero for PSP:0 push ax ;save for far return ret ;and close down exit endp ;close down code ends run_module : mov ax, DATA ;get the data segment origin mov DS,ax ; and initialize the segment ;##### insert your code at this point ###### ret ;return to exit module example endp code ends end D-l Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material D.2 Example Assembler Shell Program for CP/ M-86 Interfacing The Digital Research ASM-86 assembler does not follow the standard Intel ASM-86 structure - this makes for a more complex task when transferring assembler programs between the CP/M-86 and the MS-DOS operating systems. The operating system interfacing technique is via a. straightforward interrupt (INT E0Hex), with the required operational parameter in the CL register. CP/M-86 corrupts all registers, excepting the CS and IP - it is, therefore, recommended that all registers be pushed prior to the INT E0Hex being issued. An example of the running and exiting program technique, plus the required assembly directives, follows. The program example follows that of the MS-DOS MACRO-86 example. At GENCMD time, this programming example will generate a .CMD file - the header information on this file type is shown in the System Guide for CP/M-86. title 'Example of CP/M-86/ASM-86 Programming' reset equ 00000h ;system reset function cpm equ 000e0h interrupt to operating system cseg begin: call run_module ;run the program run ends - select close down mov cl, reset ;select system reset mov dl,00h ;select memory recovery int cpm ;return to operating system run_module: ;##### insert your code at this point ###### ret ; return to exit module dseg ;#«*#* insert your data here ##### end D-2 Rev - 3/23/33 Supplemental Technical Reference Material E .! MS-DOS — EXE File Header Structure The Microsoft linker outputs .EXE files in a relocatable format, suitable for quick loading into memory and relocation. EXE files consist of the following parts: o Fixed length header o Relocation table o Memory image of resident program A run file is loaded in the following manner: o Read into RAM at any paragraph (16 byte) boundary o Relocation is then applied to all words described by the relocation table. The resulting relocated program is then executable. Typically, programs using the PL/M small memory model have little or no relocation; programs using larger memory models have relocation for long calls, jumps, static long pointers, etc. The following is a detailed description of the format of an EXE file: E-l Rev - 3/23/83 Byte Name + 1 wSignature 2 + 3 cbLastp Supplemental Technical Reference Material Microsoft -EXE File Main Header Function Must contain 4D5Ahex. Number of bytes in the memory image modulo 512. If this is then the last page is full, else it is the number of bytes in the last page. This is useful in reading overlays. 4+5 cpnRes Number of 512 byte pages of memory needed to load the resident and the end of the EXE file header. 6+7 irleMax Number of relocation entries in the table. 8+9 cparDirectory Number of paragraphs in EXE file header. A+B cparMinAlloc Minimum number of 16-byte paragraphs required above the end of the loaded program. C+D cparMaxAlloc Maximum number of 16-byte paragraphs required above the end of the loaded program. 0FFFFh means that the program is located as low as possible into memory. Initial value to be loaded into SS before starting program execution. Initial value to be loaded into SP before starting program execution. Negative of the sum of all the words in the run file. Initial value to be loaded into IP before starting program execution. Initial value to be loaded into CS before starting program execution. Relative byte offset from beginning of run file to the relocation table. Number of the overlay as generated by LINK-86. The resident part of a program will have iov = 0. The relocation table follows the fixed portion of the run file header and contains irleMax entries of type rleType, defined by: rleType bytes 0+1 ra bytes 2+3 sa Taken together, the ra and sa fields are an 8086/8088 long pointer to a word in the EXE file to which the relocation factor is to be added. The relocation factor is expressed as the physical address of the first byte of the resident divided by 16. Note that the sa portion of an rle must first E-2 Rev - 3/23/83 E+F saStack 10 + 11 raStacklnit 12+13 wchksum 14 + 15 raStart 16+17 saStart 18 + 19 rbrgrle 1A+1B iov Su ppleme ntal Technical Re [erence Mated ial it in turn be po ov the £lrs t 512 byte bounty V.Vidint into the *» "IS"." tbe^relo/aa- table the end o£ tne The layout of the EXE file 1S: 28-byte Header Relocation Table padding «200hex bytes) memory image E-3 a - 1/23/33 Rev .J/* J / Supplemental Technical Reference Material F l Victor 9000 Technical Specification Processor o Intel 8088 16-bit microprocessor o 128k bytes RAM internally upgradeable to 896k bytes o 4k bytes Auto-boot ROM (read only memory) o 4 internal expansion slots for plug-in card options o 2 x RS232C serial communications ports o 1 x Parallel (Centronics) or IEEE-488 port Krtar ,n o 2 x Parallel user port (50-way KK Connector on CPU board) Dl o Pl 25 linTx 80 column screen / 50 line x 132 column screen o 12" CRT. Green p39 phosphor o Adjustable horizontal viewing angle (+ 45 degree swivel o Adjustable vertical viewing angle (0 deg to 11 deg tilt) Fl o PP StandIrd 5 1/4-inch, single-sided 96 TPI dual disk drives, with a maximum capacity of 600k bytes per drive, o Optional 5 1/4-inch, double-sided 96 TPI dual disk drives, with a maximum capacity of 1200k bytes per drive, o Optional single 10,000k byte Hard Disk - non-removable; with single 5 1/4-inch, double sided 96 TPI disk drive with a maximum capacity of 1200k bytes. Single-sided floppy drive offers 80 tracks at 96 TPI Double-sided floppy drive offers 160 tracks at 96 TPI Floppy drives have 512 byte sectors; utilising a GCR, 10-bit recording technique. Floppy access times: 2 micro-second per bit data transfer rate, with an interleave factor of 3. Average seek time is approximately 90 mi 1 1 i-seconds. Hard Disk access times: 0.2 micro-second per bit data transfer rate, with an interleave factor of 5. Average seek time is approximately 100 milli-seconds. F _l Rev - 3/23/83 Supplemental Technical Reference Material F.2 Victor 9000 Physical Specifications Mainframe Assembly Height Width Depth Weight (approx) 178 mm 422 mm 356 mm 12.6 kg 7 in 16.6 in 14 in 281 lbs Display Assembly Height Width 264 mm 326 mm 10.4 in 12.9 in Depth 339 mm 13.4 in Weight (approx) 8.1 kg 18 lbs Keyboard Assembly Height Width Depth Weight (approx) 45 mm 483 mm 203 mm 1.5 kg 1.8 in 19 in 6.4 in 3 lbs System Assembly Height Width Depth Weight (approx) 457 mm 48 3 mm 559 mm 22.2 kg 18 in 19 in 20.4 in 49 lbs Width without the keyboard module is 396 mm / 15.6 in F-3 Rev - 3/23/83 128K Memory Configurations in&^oo J hows the 1 Megabyte memory space partitioned into 128K segments. Switch settings (SW) are shown for all possible memory configurations. Figure 2 shows physical location of Switches on the 128K memory board 6*0 FFFF:F 876 — E000:0 DFFF:F 768 C0OO:0 BFFF:F -A000:F 9FFF:F S~/2 8000:0 -»— 7FFF:F 3vY 6000:0 _ 5FFF:F ZS6— 4000:0 3FFF:F /Z9 — 2000:0 1FFF:0 0000:0 ROM.IO 6 5 4 3 2 1 I SW1.8 |l2BK SYSTEM RAM SW2.8 SW4,8 128K SW3.8 128K SW6.8 128K SW5.8 128K Figure 1 : Memory Space Segments 7$ 128K MEMORY Figure 2: Memory Configuration Switches V1CT#R 380 E, Pueb,o Rd" Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA Telephone 408/438-6680 Part Number 102545-01 DATA SHEET Page 1 of 1 Auxiliary PCB Installation Instructions The following steps are required to install auxiliary PC boards in the processor. The auxiliary PC board connectors are located on the right side of the processor unit between the speaker and the fan (see Figure 1). 1. Remove power from the system. 2. Disconnect and carefully remove the CRT and keyboard. 3. Remove the rear panel cover (4 screws). 4. Slide the top cover back and out of the front cover. 5. Remove the auxiliary PC board retainer (see Figure 1). 6. Insert the auxiliary PC board into the socket WITH THE COMPONENT SIDE OUT. 7. Reinstall the auxiliary PC board retainer. 8. Reinstall the top cover under the front cover. 9. Reinstall the rear panel cover (4 screws removed in 3). 10. Carefully install and connect the CRT and keyboard. 11. Connect power to the system. AUX PCB INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FRONT REAR PCB RETAINER — ' ^-COMPONENT SIDE OUT MAINFRAME WITH COVER REMOVED Figure 1: Processor Unit with Cover Removed Part Number 102849-01 V1CT#R Telephone (408) 438-6680 380 El Pueblo Road Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA DATA SHEET 256K Memory Configurations Figure 1 shows the 1 Megabyte memory space partitioned into 128K segments. Switch settings (SW) are shown for possible memory configurations. Figure 2 shows physical locations of switches on the 256K memory board. FFFF:F E000:0 DFFF:F C000:0 BFFF:F A000:F 9FFF:F 8000:0 7FFF:F 6000:0 5FFFF 4000:0 3FFF:F 2000:0 1FFF.0 0000:0 ROM.IO 37 k " 6 5 f<z* 3 3gy- " 2 2CC t2St 1 SYSTEM RAM <? AM" - SW3,4 256K SW2.3 256k: — ^ '■-::.-. , ' SW5.6 256K SyV4,5 j 256K H***T>iSH wo/ngwefr &>Mt> &*VS "+0*0 Figure 1 : Memory Space Segments 256K MEMORY Figure 2: Memory Configuration Switches


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text:
Maoists blew up the vehicle of the Cobra battalion near Thakthakwa village under the Dumaria police station, about 80km away from Gaya district headquarters on Tuesday evening. Two Cobra battalion jawans were killed, while 13 sustained injuries in the powerful blast.
The incident happened just a few hours after chief minister Nitish Kumar held a law and order review meeting in Patna to tone up administration. This is the first major attack of Maoists on forces this year.
The Cobra Jawans were on their search operation and as they approached Thakthakwa village the Maoists triggered a landmine blast and also resorted to firing from different sides. The injured jawans, however, took positions and returned the fire . The Maoists fearing reinforcements fled after their operation.
DGP PK Thakur said the Cobra battalion was involved in an operation for the last few days. The chief minister also sought details of the incident and monitored the follow up action, including medical treatment to the injured, he added.
Soon after the incident, senior police officers including the SSP P Kannan and CRPF commandant and other senior police officers of the district rushed to Dumaria with reinforcement to intensify operation track down Maoists who triggered tha landmine blast.


text:
One month after Malala Yousafzai was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her work promoting girls' education, a group of schools in Pakistan has announced an "I am not Malala" day and called for her book to be banned.
At just 17, Malala remains a highly divisive figure in her home country. Now living and studying in Birmingham, back in Pakistan she is regularly portrayed as an insidious Western influence promoting an ideology that is against her country and religion.
The latest political attack on Malala has been inspired by a passage in her memoir, titled "I am Malala", in which she describes her father's reaction to Salman Rushdie's controversial novel The Satanic Verses.
According to the president of the All Pakistan Private Schools Federation, which organised "I am not Malala" day and claims to represent no less than 150,000 schools in the country – the book "supports" Rushdie in a way that is offensive.
Mirza Kashif Ali told the New York Times: "We are all for education and women's empowerment. But the West has created this persona who is against the Constitution and Islamic ideology of Pakistan."
The Satanic Verses remains banned in Pakistan. In the passage in question, Malala quotes her father as saying the book was "offensive to Islam" – but that Muslims should be able to read the book and formulate their own response.
Most controversial Nobel Peace Prize nominees
Most controversial Nobel Peace Prize nominees
1/5 Edward Snowden
2014: The National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden has been nominated by two Norwegian MPs for the Nobel Peace Prize, meaning the US contractor currently claiming asylum in Russia could be awarded the same prize accepted by President Barak Obama in 2009
2/5 Vladimir Putin
2013: The Russian President Vladimir Putin was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize because the former KGB agent "actively promotes settlement of all conflicts arising on the planet," according to the advocacy group that nominated him, at least
3/5 Barack Obama
2009: US President Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize for "extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples," shortly before launching military airstrikes in Libya. The irony was not lost on Mr Obama it seemed, who during a press conference joked: "[Energy Secretary Steven] Chu's the right guy to do this, he's got a Nobel Prize in physics - he actually deserved his Nobel Prize"
4/5 Henry Kissinger
1973: Henry Kissinger was awarded the prize for his work on the Paris Peace Accords jointly with Le Duc Tho, who turned the Prize down. The American humourist Tom Lehrer later quipped that Kissinger's award represented the "death of satire"
5/5 Josef Stalin
1945: Soviet dictator Josef Stalin was nominated for "his efforts to end World War II". Fellow nominee Vladimir Putin recently said there was no difference between him and Oliver Cromwell, when asked whether he would erect a statue of Stalin in Moscow
Speaking to reporters on Monday, Mr Ali said: "It is clear that Malala has a nexus with Salman Rushdie and is aligned with his club," the Times reported.
"I am not Malala" day was reportedly marked on Monday with walks, seminars and press conferences.
But it was met with a backlash on social media from Malala's supporters, who according to a study earlier this year number some 30 per cent of the population. Half were indifferent to her, while around a fifth said they viewed her unfavourably.
Malala rose to international fame after she was shot by the Taliban for continuing to campaign for girls' rights despite repeated threats.
Some in Pakistan continue to say that the attack didn't really happen, though on Monday an anti-terror court remanded four in custody over the shooting.Reuse content


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Gonzalez tapped Cottrell in the first using his long arms to get Cottrell locked in a D'Arce choke that led to a quick tap. watch video >>
UFC News & Updates; The UFC's Replacement For Commentator Mike Goldberg Has Finally Been Revealed Coach Edmond Tarverdyan breaks silence on Ronda Rousey's UFC 207 loss Nick Diaz goes bowling next to watch video >>
'Cowboy' Cerrone celebrates big UFC 206 win with cold beer, says he and Dana White all good - full interview watch video >>
TJoin the trading world - powered by 24Option (trade carefully your capital is at risk) https://www.24option.com [Camera supplied by http://free.mma-blast.com/ - Win $50,000 on live MMA events, 100% watch video >>
Khabib Nurmagomedov talks about Conor McGregor and leaving the UFC Conor McGregor celabrates with Teammate Artem Lobov at UFN Belfast The Mannequin challenge takes over UFN Sao Paulo Dominick Cruz in watch video >>
After a huge win in his own country of Israel, Noah Lahat celebrates like he should and went crowd surfing. Subscribe for more great Bellator MMA content! http://bit.ly/SubscribeBellatorYT Check watch video >>
Conor McGregor celebrates title win Nick Diaz smashes balls entering metro Nate Diaz celebrated by fans at UFC 205 Gabi Garcia late night training Tyron Woodley claims he is fighting Conor McGregor n watch video >>
The partnership between Fox and the UFC celebrates it's wood anniversary this week. We take a look at some of the lowlights and highlights of those broadcasts. Visit MMAjunkie for the full story. watch video >>
Robin Van Roosmalen celebrates winning the featherweight title from Gabriel Varga in the main event of the GLORY 34 SUPERFIGHT SERIES card and states his intention to next target his old lightweight watch video >>
Conor McGregor celebrates UFC 202 victory by hosting a pool party at Encore Beach Club after UFC 202. watch video >>
Conor McGregor celebrates his birthday at Intrigue Nightclub at the Wynn Hotel Las Vegas Music by Dyalla Swain https://soundcloud.com/dyallas watch video >>
Conor McGregor celebrates his 28th birthday in Las Vegas , getting ready for UFC 202 against Nate Diaz Music by Brock Berrigan https://soundcloud.com/brockberrigan watch video >>
Hot Joanna Jedrzejczyk on Rooftop Nightclub, Conor Mcgregor Nate Diaz Edit; Jose Aldo celebrates his win over Frankie Edgar UFC 200; Cain Velasquez happy right after his UFC 200 win; Paige Vanzant pu watch video >>
Dan Henderson Celebrates At After Party - "I Love My Wife!" watch video >>


text:
Sayings and Phrases about life..
for Crafts, Cards, Picture frames and more..
Enjoy the Fun
Words & Sayings
A bad day of golf
is better than a good day at work
Caddy shack
FORE (golf ball for
GOLF (use a ball
for the O)
Golf Fore Ever
Golf is a game in
which you yell FORE, shoot six, and write down five.
Golf is played by twenty million mature American men
whose wives think they are out having fun.
Golf is a good walk
spoiled. (Mark Twain)
If I had cleared the trees and drove the green, it
would've been a great shot
My golf score seems to improve considerably when I
have the score card.
Swing hard, in case you hit it!
The only thing a golfer needs is more daylight.
There's No Time
like "Tee Time"
When's Tee Time ?
You Gotta Love the
Copyright Patty Boothe 2007
-- 2011 Web Design PB Designs


text:
1st June 2016
From sunny skies and warmer weather, to prestigious beach awards and welcoming furry new arrivals, spring has been in full swing across our parks… Read More »
20th May 2016
The international Blue Flag Award is given only to the top beaches in the world, and a Seaside Award signifies quality, guaranteeing a clean,… Read More »
6th April 2016
We know your pets are part of the family, that's why there's no need to leave your four legged friend at home – 22… Read More »
1st April 2016
With all 24 parks opening for 2016 this month, we've had a wonderful time greeting our very first guests of the season, and a… Read More »
31st March 2016
Porthleven Food Festival 16th – 17th April, Cornwall This two day extravaganza is not just for you foodies out there, it's a fun filled… Read More »
17th March 2016
All of our holiday parks are now open, and with better weather coming our way, it's the perfect time to get away for a… Read More »
29th February 2016
The chill of winter is fading, your holiday countdown has begun and it's time to welcome spring with open arms! From refurbishments and shiny… Read More »
31st January 2016
Good morning sunshine! We've been busy bees this January, sprucing up our parks and getting ready to welcome our very first guests of the… Read More »
22nd January 2016
Powered by Interact
11th January 2016
Our guests often ask which of our parks are closest to the beach, and it's a great question. So here it is, a must have… Read More »
Parkdean Holiday Parks Limited. Registered in England and Wales: Registered number: 3864124
Registered Office: 2nd Floor, One Gosforth Park Way, Gosforth Business Park, Newcastle, NE12 8ET


text:
Ford CEO Calls Trump Accusations About Jobs 'Disappointing'by
Fields says moving small cars to Mexico to get better return
'We want to make sure we run a responsible business'
Ford Motor Co.'s top executive said he's disappointed by Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump's accusations that the automaker is moving jobs to Mexico and reiterated that the transfer of small-car production will result in "zero" job loss in the U.S.
"Our commitment to American jobs is stronger than it ever has been," Chief Executive Officer Mark Fields said in an interview at the Bloomberg Markets Most Influential Summit. "The facts are, zero jobs are going to be impacted here in the U.S."
Ford is moving production of its slow selling Focus compact car and C-Max hybrid to Mexico, where labor costs are lower, to generate a better return for shareholders, Fields said in a follow-up interview with Bloomberg Television. It is replacing those models in the factory in Michigan with two new products, Fields said. People familiar with Ford's plans have said the new models will be the Ranger compact pickup and a revived Bronco sport utility vehicle.
"We're in the presidential election season and there's lots of things said on the campaign trail," Fields said. "It's really disappointing when politics gets in the way of facts."
On Defense
Fields has spent some of the past two weeks battling Trump's accusations, repeated during Monday's presidential debate, that the automaker is firing U.S. employees to move work to Mexico. The company took to Twitter and other social media during the debate to counter the claims. Trump has threatened to levy a 35 percent tariff on Ford's Mexican-built cars if he's elected in November.
"We want to make sure we run a responsible business, drive returns for our shareholders," Fields said. "As a multinational business, we really have to look where we can make good returns and satisfy customers."
For a QuickTake on trade as a political issue, click here
Fields declined to say whether Ford would employ more U.S. workers if there was no North American Free Trade Agreement, which Trump has criticized as the worst trade deal ever.
"That's a hypothetical question," Fields said. "What's said on the campaign trail and governing sometimes can be very different things."
In addition to seeking a better return for shareholders, Fields said Ford puts a priority on "driving economic development in the countries that we do business in and, of course, that's very important here in our home market." The company has hired 28,000 workers in the U.S. since 2011 and invested more than $12 billion at home, he said.
Reworking Ford
Fields is attempting to overhaul the 113-year-old automaker as the industry confronts changes from the sharing economy and the advent of the autonomous car. Fields aims to transform Ford into a mobility company that captures a piece of the $5.4 trillion transportation services business. By 2021, Ford has promised to start selling more than 100,000 self-driving robot taxis -- with no steering wheel, brake or gas pedals -- to ride-hailing and ride-sharing fleets. The company also is introducing a commuter-van service and bike sharing in San Francisco, with plans to go nationwide.
Investors haven't reacted favorably the cost of converting Ford, driving down shares 30 percent since Fields became CEO July 1, 2014. Over the past month, Ford has warned financial results will decline this year and next as it invests in driverless cars and mobility services. The payoff is the promise of 20 percent profit margins in these as-yet untapped mobility markets -- more than double the returns of the traditional car business.


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Customer Reviews Of:
La Sportiva Quantum Trail Running Shoes (For Women)
Closeouts. Built on an exclusive MorphoDynamic platform, La Sportiva's Quantum trail running shoes help you achieve maximum performance in ultimate comfort. Designed for trail running over moderate to technical terrain, these are also fitted with a FriXion® AT sticky rubber outsole for serious grip.
Average Rating based on 16 reviews 4.062500 0 5
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Jana from Tucson on Monday, November 17, 2014I decided to try this La Sportiva because Italians are known for making high quality shoes with great fit. My foot is large, but narrow (which is why I can't wear men's shoes) and this design is perfect. Others have noted the snug fit, which is due to the mesh across the top of the shoe. While most shoes rely on laces to provide a snug fit, the laces here merely fine tune the fit. The mesh basically makes it a slip on shoe. It cannot be opened up wide when putting it on and off. I run on rocky trails and the shoe's snug fit along with the grippy soles does a great job. We'll see how well they wear. But with the punishment they have to take, I expect any trail runner (or any runner for that matter) to show normal wear and tear. I've had mine for a couple weeks and and so far, so good. I'm happy I tried this brand.
Reviewed by Marjorie, Mountain Girl from Nevada on Sunday, July 27, 2014I ordered up 1/2 size. It fits like a glove. Toe box open enough so that my big toe does not hit top. There is room to wiggle toes. Shoe is similar to good fitting ski boots where ankles and area going down to toes are stable and sturdy. When hiking in NV mountains I tie laces normally; walking or running down trails I tie much tighter. Bought a second pair for long shopping trips. Have placed Sofsole Athlete performance insoles (also at STP) in shoes to get even more spongy gel bounce. The toe box is still ok. After 4-5 hours I have to take shoes off to rest feet due to fitting like a glove. Once I slipped on grass on top of a rock and the shoes took the hit and I felt no aftereffects. Be careful on home rugs - shoes will catch on fabric and tend to trip you if you only scuff along and not lift your feet. They are made for dirt, gravel, and outdoor conditions. I have not tried them on extensive blacktop, only in parking lots where they are fine. I am totally pleased.
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Pottery99 from Pennsylvania on Tuesday, June 10, 2014Love this shoe to run the trails of Blue Marsh in Pennsylvania. The trails are narrow, rocky with steep uphills and rocky downhills. La Sortiva's Quantum trail running shoe holds up on the rocky steep hills, great cushioning, stability for those long down hills and fits like a glove. I love this shoe! I stock pile these shoes because La Sportiva has discontinued the "Quantum trail running shoe". Can't figure this out but I will keep searching and buying the Quantum as long as possible. You never have enough running shoes!
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Dame Judith from North Central Washington on Sunday, June 8, 2014I am loving these shoes. I am not a trail runner - just using them for 3 to 4 mile power walks mostly on paved roads in our quiet neighborhood - occasionally a hike. I wanted to get a shoe to take on our trip to Iceland and Norway that looked good with black pants and jeans. I bought 1/2 size larger than I normally wear in a street shoe. There is room for a "no show" sock. I like the laces, although they were a little difficult to loosen up, but they stayed tied. I also like to sole - easy to clean after a hike.
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Outdoors Oregon Girl from Bend, Oregon on Tuesday, June 3, 2014As others have mentioned this shoe is extremely narrow and also runs small. I wear a size 8, ordered a size 8.5 and it is still too small. I could probably use at least a 9. So, if you get the sizing right and you have a narrow foot, you will probably love this shoe. It is well made, looks fabulous and La Sportiva always makes apparel to last. So good luck!
Verified Buyer Reviewed by drunkenmedic from NJ on Wednesday, May 7, 2014This shoe is very narrow and lower
You must be at least 2 size up !!
Verified Buyer Reviewed by She skis from Jackson on Thursday, May 1, 2014Comfortable. Good neutral stability. Runs small. I usually buy a half size bigger for a running shoe, these I had to go a full size larger.
Verified Buyer Reviewed by Yoga gal from Maine on Thursday, April 24, 2014These are nice looking shoes, appear well made, I like the sticky soles, BUT they are way tight across the top so that I could barely get my feet in them. Otherwise length is fine, everything else great, but too uncomfortable to wear. Too bad.
Reviewed by Jo Avid runner from Kansas on Thursday, December 5, 2013Just got these a few weeks ago but so far they are very comfortable. I was a little worried because at first I could barely get my in step in the shoe. I pulled the laces so there was more slack and was able to get them on. I ordered the correct size according to the conversion. Once the shoes are on I have plenty of toe room. They provide lots of cushioning and after working about 10 hrs. in a busy outp. clinic where I am on my feet the majority of the time my legs feel great.
Reviewed by aliaterr from Virginia on Wednesday, November 6, 2013Snug fitting. I usually order a 9.5 or 10 - ordered the 10 and they were really snug. The shoe, in general, seemed like a good running shoe, but I'm used to minimalist shoes so I returned these.


text:
PhD student
Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET)
Robert Street Building, Rm 104
Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET)
The University of Western Australia (M006)
35 Stirling Highway
+61 8 6488 3423
Email email@example.com
Ahmad joined the CET in May 2016 commencing work on a PhD as part of the Progressive Risk & Value team. The overarching aim of the project is to investigate how the mining industry carries out financial valuations on projects at different scales, with a particular focus being to understand and better determine upside potential in projects. Primary supervision will be provided by Allan Trench and Eun-Jung Holden with co-supervision by Cam McCuaig, Richard Schodde and Jon Hronsky.
Ahmad has a Bachelor's of Science (BSc) degree from Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada), during which he completed his Honours project at Monash University (Melbourne, Australia) as part of an international exchange. For the last 10 years, he worked as an exploration geologist focusing largely on base metal exploration in Australia, Asia and Africa. His experience includes working on a wide range of projects, from project generation and early-stage greenfields projects to brownfields/near-mine and resource drilling programs. He is a Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (MAIG), Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (MAusIMM) and Society of Economic Geologists (SEG).
Outside of university, Ahmad works part time for various clients, completing project due diligence and reviews of exploration projects. He occasionally works on a pro-bono basis as an analyst for financial firms, a means of gaining applicable finance experience.
The University of Western Australia
Curtin University
And Industry Partners
© 2017. Centre for Exploration Targeting. All Rights Reserved.
SUMO Digital Agency


text:
As the UK's largest 'For Sale' and 'To Let' board service provider, Agency Express work with many of the top UK Estate Agency chains, handling an average of 4,000+ board movements each day, via their national network of over 100 franchisees.
Their Property Activity Index offers unique and valuable insights into current activity and emerging trends within the UK residential property market. This information in instrumental to Estate Agencies and is exclusive to Agency Express and its franchisees.
The Property Activity Index has now been running for four years. It gathers 'real time' data from the 'For Sale' and 'To Let' board's movements made across the nation via Agency Express' franchisees and is recorded by their unique, online board management system SignMaster3. The data from the system is collated and published in the form of the monthly Property Activity Index report.
As part of the improvements made to the Property Activity Index, viewers of the report can expect to see:
- New comprehensive reports
- Detailed reviews on both the lettings and sales sectors
- Focus on towns and cities data
SignMaster3 is most advanced online Estate Agency board management system in the industry. Alongside its comprehensive data recording and board management features, it is a complete business management tool for Agency Express' franchisees. SignMater3 makes the organisation of daily jobs simple, provides the most direct and efficient route plans, aids clear communication with Estate Agents and I and acts and a complete invoicing tool.
The SignMaster3 system provides franchisees with one of the best marketing tools available, offering estate agents something that no other contractor can offer – and helping you to build your business with ease.
If you would like further information on becoming an Agency Express franchisee, the Property Activity Index or SignMaster3 then please contact us.


text:
Asset Building Systems Australia
Construction, Construction Management, Project Management
Are you a builder, looking for someone to project manage a building site for you? Asset Building systems has extensive experience in project managing steel structure worksites.
We have worked with government agencies & schools in the past. During the BER (Building Education Revolution), we worked with Lang O'Rourke as delivery partners on building projects up to $600,000, working to the highest standards in Australia.
So if you're looking for someone to project manage a site for you anywhere in NSW, get in touch with us today and see what we can do for you!
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Get your new factory built by Asset Building Systems! We can offer turn-key service - from footings to lock-up.
Asset Building Systems offer a complete, fully customisable turn-key factory building experience - simply hand us the job, walk away, and when it's completed, turn the key, walk in and begin using your new shed!
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text: Ok, I know there is enough soccer (football for you Brits and Irish chaps, and futbol for the rest of us) fans on this board. Here is your official BB Wolrd Cup fantasy league. Instructions: Go to this link http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/06/en/e/ The create a team. at the top menu choose group the join private group. enter the group name: 4given and the password: argentina Have Fun!! P.S. Even you non soccer fans can join up just for the sake of it, who knows, you may actually catch on to the game!


text:
for jilljames
- Posted Jan. 29, 2008 by Eddiwilliams Viewed 4941 times
- This is a migrated legacy post. Image resolution is low. Info
did for a photoblog friend:
ive never tried to make any tattoo graphic but i consider it a great honor to do it for someone
maybe its not suitable to be a tattoo, too 'cartoon' rather than cartoon, but i m just hoping to use my imagination to make an owl different from those drawn by many others
it s just some drafts and im sure not good enough to be a tattoo. however to use it as a tattoo i think u can put the image down, take it to a tattoo shop and let the expert make detailed changed by adding some scales, draw some muscles etc. to let it be more 'tattoo' …
if u like it and it finally is curved into your skin, i will surely be proud of that my life. do let me keep a photo of it:)
1 There is 1 comment, add yours!
2008.01.30 Edited
holy owl eye-sockets, these are fucking sweet! they're like little owl dragons:) <3 <3 <3
made my day!


text:
What kind of implications does the DeMarcus Cousins trade have for the Kings and Pelicans?
They might not be BFFs anymore, but Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook still have on-court chemistry.
Darrelle Revis' contract and probable release might be the first step for New York, but it certainly won't be the last as the Jets enter free agency in 2017.
We noticed you're in . Do you want to check out our ?


text:
via Sports Logos.net
About logos
Overall: 16-12 .571 W-L% (112th of 275)
Conference: 10-6, 4th in ECACM
Coach: Mark Amatucci (16-12)
PS/G: 74.3 (38th of 275)
PA/G: 72.5 (219th of 275)
SRS: -7.72 (213th of 275)
SOS: -9.52 (270th of 275)
1983-84 Loyola (MD) Season
Every Sports Reference Social Media Account
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Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos.
Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net.
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Greetings Guest!!Dismiss Notice
In order to combat SPAM on the forums, all users are required to have a minimum of 2 posts before they can submit links in any post or thread.
EM Event "Luna delenda est" - 11/9/2013, Saturday, 7:00 am EST
Discussion in 'Yamato EM Forum' started by EM Asiantam, Nov 4, 2013.


text: Importance of Engineering Consultancy Services In the recent past, there has been an emergence and growth in the engineering consultancy services. The main reason for this is that today, the percentage of engineering services outsourcing has increased more than ever. These services are outsourced primarily with an objective to bring down the operational expenses. Other allied reasons include the chance to professionally network with the global talent pool and seek knowledge and expertise from it time to time. Today numerous engineering consultancy services deals in outsourced engineering solutions and cater to worldwide clients. They mostly deal in manufacturing services, engineering products, and other industrial peripherals that are much in demand now. Eminent brands in engineering services outsourcing provide you with upgraded engineering resources and products, and cater to various locations round the globe. The products are durable, efficient and cost-effective. Most of these companies have their delivery centers located in major locations such as Japan, Italy, UK, USA and many others. These engineering concerns deal in high-end assignments and export controlled projects for the above-mentioned territorial locations. Renowned names in engineering consultancy services specializes in analysis and detailing, concept designing, product manufacturing solutions in civil structures, aerospace industry, industrial products, power generation, transportation industry, oil and gas industry and many others. They also have their own global product development structure that aids in offering faster, better and value-added solutions to users and clients. Other diverse engineering solutions provided are listed belowSustenance engineering Design and detailing Special Services Manufacturing engineering Embedded Systems Engineering Analysis Technical Publications Plant and Process This apart, there are certain benefits that can be accrued to users and customers by the way of outsourcing solutions from engineering consultancy services. The prominent ones are listed belowQuicker time to market Convert to a variable cost model Concentrate more on core activities Minimized product development expenses Knowledge retention Manpower flexibility These would be some of the ways in which eminent engineering consultancy services benefit users and clients round the globe. There is a research and development team dedicated and involved in providing innovative ways to come up with better and cost-effective engineering products to meet the present day requirements and demands.


text:
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first MLive.com user to add photos or videos of G T N Real Estate Company
G T N Real Estate Company is located at 1242 W Bemis Rd, Saline, MI. This business specializes in Real Estate Appraisal.


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Cost of living in Joensuu, Finland compared to Zlín, Czech Republic
|+ 27%
|+ 43%
|+ 0%
|+ 6%
|Personal Care
|+ 14%
|+ 11%
|+ 20%
WARNING! This comparison is based on only a few data points. At this point it is only a guess. It is based on 14 prices entered by less than 5 different people.
These prices were last updated on September 15, 2016. Exchange rate: 27.004 CZK / EUR
Do you live in Zlín? We need your help!
What do you think about this comparison?
Recent Comparisons
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- Cost of living in Osaka is 22% cheaper than in Tokyo
- Cost of living in Amsterdam is 51% cheaper than in Caracas
- Cost of living in Santa Rosa is 64% cheaper than in Honolulu
- Cost of living in Perth is 7% more expensive than in Melbourne
- Cost of living in Hong Kong is 11% more expensive than in Singapore
- Cost of living in Toronto is 32% cheaper than in New York
Cost of Living and Prices in Similar Cities
Cost of living in Joensuu (Finland) is 20% more expensive than in Zlín (Czech Republic)
For example, you would need at least 22,553 Kč (€835) in Joensuu to maintain the same standard of living that you can have with 18,750 Kč in Zlín.
Recent Prices Added
- Monthly rent - 85 m2 furnished accommodation in expensive area in Bangkok costs 25,000 ฿ (6 minutes ago)
- Internet connection 300 mbps, 1 month in Innsbruck costs €60 (6 minutes ago)
- Basic lunchtime menu (including a drink) in the business district in Caracas costs Bs 5,300 (10 minutes ago)
- 1 kg of rice in The Hague costs €2.50 (36 minutes ago)
- Public transport in Milan costs €21 (37 minutes ago)
- Monthly rent - 85 m2 furnished accommodation in expensive area in Bern costs CHF 3,500 (about 1 hour ago)


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|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
Located in the quaint town of Indian Rocks Beach, you're perfect beach getaway is also in the perfect location.
Casa De Playa is within walking distance of great restaurants and shops and located RIGHT ON THE BEACH. Built in 2002, it is one of the newer buildings in IRB with only 14 units.
Unit 202 is a gulf front spacious and clean 2 bedroom, 2 bath condo that has a "beachy feel" from the moment you enter. The master bedroom has a king bed, a fully tiled bathroom with walk in shower, walk in closet, ceiling fan, tv and dvd player. The second bedroom has a queen bed with a brand new queen mattress, 2 twin beds, a walk in closet, and ceiling fan. The second bathroom is conveniently located beside it. The kitchen is open, spacious, and great for entertaining. It is fully equipped with a new stainless dishwasher, microwave, range, refrigerator w/ ice maker and plenty of cooking amenities. It has new quartz countertops seating for four as well as a dining table for four. The living room amenities include a brand new flat screen t.v. and wifi as well as a large size balcony that boasts a breathtaking view overlooking the pool, sand dunes and picturesque beach. A washer/dryer is provided to make your life easier. Casa 202 also provides you with a covered parking place with easy access to the elevator, and a gas grill. Unit 202 is non smoking and no pets.
Your perfect vacation getaway is right here… Whether you take a dip in our heated pool, stroll on our white sandy beach, or toast to a stunning sunset, Casa 202 is the perfect place for you!
Other nearby beach amenities (only minutes away) include Johns Pass Village with unique shops, dining, parasailing, wave runner rentals, deep sea fishing, and a pirate ship cruise. There is a unique trolley that will take you anywhere between all the beaches that line Gulf Blvd.
Tampa is only 35 miles away with such amenities as: Busch Gardens Theme Park, Adventure Island Water Park, Lowry Park Zoological Park, Museum of Science and Industry, Florida Aquarium, Tampa Performing Arts Center, Ford Ampitheater, Channelside & Ybor City - known for their unique shops and restaurants, IMAX Theatres, dance clubs, and piano bars.
Disney World and Universal Studios Theme Parks are only two hours away on Interstate 4.
We have been renting in Indian Rocks Beach for 3 years. We needed a larger condo because we had a new addition to our family. This condo, 202, fit the bill. The bedrooms are nice and large and the owner had a port-a-crib and stroller and booster high chair to use for our 14 month old granddaughter. We also had an 8 year old grandson and our son and his wife and our daughter....Plenty of room to sleep all of us. The decor is charming and quite carefully thought out. It was toddler friendly and our 14 month old delighted in walking all through the condo. Our grandson and our son and daughter-in-law and daughter really enjoyed the swimming pool....it was always clean. The grill area outside is very good and easy to use. There were 4 beach towels which is not really enough for a 6 person condo. The condo is in a great location within walking distance of some nice eateries. There is a protective film convering for the patio doors which open onto the balcony which really does cut the glare from the setting sun...the shades provide additional protection from glare.
The kitchen is functional and the owner just installed beautiful quartz countertops. We received a call from the owner the day before we left to travel to Florida, stating that the backsplash wasn't in and couldn't be installed until after the first of the year (2 weeks into our 4 week rental). The owner wondered if we were going to be out during our stay for a day or two so the backsplash could be installed....We didn't know what to say because we usually stay put and use the beach a lot during our stay. So I am sure that the backsplash was able to be installed after our stay ended as well as the cabinets being repainted.
The owner uses a towel/linen service and our towels/linens were changed/exchanged mid-way through out stay. The exchanged towels, however, were of a cheaper quality than the ones that were in the condo during the first half....I called the replaced towels a step above a paper towel..There is a stackable washer and dryer in the unit which the pics do not show: they are older but work fine.
In the past when we have rented at other units, it was customary to have a roll of paper towels in the kitchen and rolls of toilet paper in the bathrooms as well as some dishwasher pods and liquid to get started. The roll of paper towels and toilet paper on arriving at the condo, had only a few sheets on the rolls and no pods.
Our family of four was very pleased with the condo. The condo's pictures were accurate and the place was much more spacious than other two bedroom condos we have rented. The wide balcony was perfect to view the ocean and beach, play board games, read, nap and eat. We used the gas grill on the deck for cooking our seafood and loved the pool. We really appreciated the cooler and basket of beach towels since we flew. The condo building was quiet and the beach was not crowded. Since we flew and arrived after midnight, Dan's directions on where to park (directly under the unit in a reserved space) and how to get into the condo were appreciated. We were so impressed, my parents from the Midwest rented the unit a few weeks later! If back in the area, we would return to Dan's condo in a heartbeat!
I highly recommend Dan's place for your stay! This was my first vrbo experience and he set the bar high! We took our 3 girls (4, 7, 10) to mainly go to CMA to visit Hope and Winter the Dolphins. Dans place was clean, well stocked with kitchen items, beach items, and toys for the kids! Our oldest has a physical disability and the accessibility was great! Elevators were very close to parking and the pool and beach were manageable to get to for her! I can't recommend it enough! Thank you for having our family so we could create memories!
The property was very well maintained and had everything a renter could need. They even had a real cooler which came in handy for the beach and the pool. The property is in a great location and within walking distance to many great local restaurants. Our favorites were the usual suspects: Crabby Bills, Lulu, PJ'S, Guppy's on the Beach, Slice and of course Kooky Coconuts for ice cream.
This unit has a key code for the door which is a really great feature. Not having to find and take your keys every time you leave the unit is nice. Although you will need a key anytime you enter the pool or beach area. The unit also has a locker near the pool which has beach chairs, umbrella, boogie boards and umbrella which was great.
Dan was very easy to work with through the reservation process and always responded to any questions very quickly. Overall the unit was clean, but the floors and bathrooms could use a little extra attention (cleaning). Also, the bed in the master is very comfortable.
I would stay in this unit again and would recommend to friends. Our family had a great time at Casa De Playa!
We love this condo. It is well kept and a great location. We keep adding a week on to our stay we are so happy with it! Dan is great to work with too. Always responds promptly to messages sent to him. We are going back again next year!
Condo was tastefully updated and comfortable. The kitchen was exceptional with almost everything you could imagine needing. The beach was spectacular and, despite it being Easter week, never too crowded. There are several nice restaurants within walking distance as well as a CVS Pharmacy for things you forgot. While the locked gates around the pool seemed silly and irritating, the keypad on the door of the unit was a plus. Thanks for a terrific stay.
|Rate Period
|Weekend Night
Spring 2017
Feb 25 2017 - Apr 28 2017
7 night minimum stay
Summer 2017
Apr 29 2017 - Sep 2 2017
7 night minimum stay
Winter 2017-18
Nov 18 2017 - Feb 23 2018
7 night minimum stay
Spring 2018
Feb 24 2018 - Apr 27 2018
7 night minimum stay
My Standard Rate
7 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit
|$120 + Tax
|Tax Rate
Rates do not include 12% Florida tax or cleaning fee of $120.


text:
ĶIRSONS store-cafe
The ĶIRSONS store-cafe is especially designed for modern and dynamic people who want to buy not only quick and tasty, but also quality and healthy meals.
This new concept from LIDO offers a wide assortment of consumer-favourite meat, culinary and confectionery products that can be bought as takeaway or leisurely enjoyed at the cafe. You will also find a delicacy stand with products that have been prepared with the help of a LIDO nutrition specialist at the shop-cafe. The products in this stand are packed in dishes suitable for takeaway.
Delicious meals, fresh juice and yoghurt cocktails, healthy toasted sandwiches, and aromatic coffee – you can enjoy all this and much more in a great atmosphere and interior at ĶIRSONS.
We will be glad to see you at the ĶIRSONS store-cafe!
Galleria Riga, Dzirnavu str. 67, Riga
Info: +371 26128086
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Working hours:
Mon - Sat 10:00 - 21:00
Sun 11:00 - 20:00


text:
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Pluggin' Enrique - Marks The Spot
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