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Moving to alameda, california?
Here are some helpful links to get you started.
About: alameda, california
Alameda is located on an island of the same name in the San Francisco Bay, just south of Oakland, California. It boasts the only pedestrian/bicycle-only drawbridge in the U.S. A common site from this island are the wind surfers and kite surfer who frequent the Crown Memorial State Beach and Shoreline Drive. Also visible from the beach are the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge and the San Francisco skyline.
Population: 72259
Local Newspapers: Alameda Sun
Local Sports Teams: Oakland Athletics (MLB) Oakland Raiders (NFL) Golden State Warriors (NBA)
Local Colleges: College of Alameda
Quick Links and info for Alameda, California
City Info
Local: (510) 748-4619
Emergency: 911
Local: (510) 747-7400
Emergency: 911
Alameda City Hall
2263 Santa Clara Avenue, Alameda, CA 94501.
Phone:(510) 747-7400
Natural Gas Hook-ups and Disconnects
El Paso Natural Gas Co
650 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94108.
Phone:(415) 765-6400
Water Hook-ups and Disconnects
Alameda County Water District
43885 South Grimmer Boulevard, Fremont, CA 94538.
Phone:(510) 668-4200
Trash Removal Schedule:
Pick up and Recycling schedule
Alameda Municipal Power
2000 Grand Street, Alameda, CA 94501.
Phone:(510) 748-3900
Oakland Convention & Visitors Bureau
550 10th Street, Oakland, CA 94607.
Phone:(510) 466-6455
Alameda Chamber of Commerce
2210 South Shore Center, Alameda, CA 94501.
Phone:(510) 522-0414
Local Airport
Oakland International Airportbr /> 1 Airport Drive, Oakland, CA 94621.
Phone:(510) 563-3300
Area Hospital:Alameda Hospital
2070 Clinton Avenue, Alameda, CA 94501.
Phone: (510) 522-3700
Local Organizations:
United Way Of the Bay Area
1970 Broadway Oakland, CA 94612
Phone: (510) 238-2410
Area Colleges
Argosy University San Francisco
1005 Atlantic Avenue, Alameda, CA 94501.
Phone: (510) 217-4700
Oracle Arena
7000 Coliseum Way, Oakland, CA 94621.
Phone: (510) 569-2121
Points of Interest
USS Hornet Museum
707 West Hornet Avenue, Alameda, CA 94501.
Phone: (510) 521-8448
Have a local business that you would like us to link to? Visit our Facebook Page and send us a message!
Zip Codes associated with alameda, california:
94501 94502
Towns/Cities near alameda, california : Woodstock South Shore Fernside Oak Tree Lockwood Gardens Tuxedo Bartlett
Asian American lives can be saved with laughter
On Feb. 24, 2017 The Laugh for Lives Comedy Show will be held at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco. The proceeds of this fundraiser, which aims to find matching donors for multi-ethnic individuals with Leukemia or other blood cancers, will go to the Asian American Donor Program .East Bay Park It: Find out beforehand what's closed due to rain
All the winter storms have resulted in closures of some East Bay regional parks and other public open spaces due to landslides and flooding. You may also encounter trail closures within regional parks that are otherwise open, usually because of fallen trees.Advocates Criticize Alameda Sheriff's Cooperation with Immigration Enforcement
Immigrant communities in the East Bay fear that local law enforcement agencies will become more entangled with federal immigration enforcement in the Trump era. But the Alameda County Sheriff already participates in an Obama-era federal program that has resulted in the turnover of hundreds of people to deportation officers over the past several years.Superior Court officials blast 2017-18 state budget
Superior Court officers from 49 of California's 58 counties are telling Gov. Jerry Brown the state's courts will need substantially more money to preserve existing levels of service, which they say have already been hit hard by the requirements of recent voter-approved and legislative actions. Court officers from Contra Costa, Alameda, Santa Clara, San Mateo and Solano counties are among those that signed the letter, to Brown, dated Feb. 16. They call for boosting the state courts budget by $158.5 million just to preserve existing service levels.Alameda's Adoptable Pets: Dogs don't need frequent baths
I was one of those kids who loved bathing the dog. I would have bathed her twice a week if my parents had let me.Fremont: Rain, mudslides close Niles Canyon Road, slow ACE trains
All lanes were blocked from Main Street in Sunol to Mission Boulevard in Fremont and no estimate was available on its reopening. Sullivan Underpass, near Niles Canyon Road and Mission Boulevard, was reported as flooded around 4:30 p.m., and city public works crews were working to close it, police said.Alameda: People brave stormy weather to demonstrate unity
Members of the Osorio family, from right, Alicia, Mia, 3, Mario and Gene, brave the inclement weather to join hands with other members of the community in a show of unity on the beach in Alameda, Calif., on Monday, Feb. 20, 2017. The event, called Hands Across Alameda, seeks to continue a new tradition of inclusiveness among the city's residents.More flash flood warnings issued for parts of Alameda, Santa
In Alameda County, quickly rising water levels in Niles Canyon as well as in the upper watershed above the Sunol Regional Wilderness have been reported. Residents should be advised to be cognizant of rockfalls and slope stability around this area.Alameda: Boy Scouts Troop 2 celebrating centennial
The Alameda Boy Scouts Troop 2 will be celebrating 100 years this year in tandem with the centennial celebration of the Alameda Boy Scouts Council that will be going on this month. Troop 2, whose membership consists of 36 Boy Scouts, is chartered to the First Presbyterian Church of Alameda, and is the only remaining scouting unit from the original seven troops formed in 1917.Alameda: Burglar steals copper wire from building at Alameda Point
Alameda police say a burglar stole copper wire from a building in the 700 block of West Essex Drive at Alameda Point. It was reported about 11:05 a.m. on Feb. 14. FRIDAY, FEB.Alameda briefs: Library group to visit Marin Headlands
Perched on a promontory at the Marin Headlands, the Point Bonita Lighthouse is reachable by hikers intrepid enough to tackle the steep approach which includes a hewn stone tunnel and suspension bridge. Alameda Free Library's Libraries Outside will visit the Marin Headlands at noon on March 4. Participants will meet at the bus stop at the Rodeo Beach parking lot and walk around the lagoon, then up and over the hill to the Point Bonita Lighthouse.Man ordering food at taco truck in Compton shot dead, 2 workers hurt
A man ordering food at a taco truck in Compton was shot dead Saturday night during a shooting that also wounded two of the vendor's employees, authorities said. The shooting occurred about 9:30 p.m. when a brown sedan pulled up next to the taco truck in the 13500 block of Alameda Street and a gunman got out, said Deputy Kimberly Alexander of the Los Angeles County Sheriff 's Department.Bay Area Storm: More rain, heavy winds set to pound region
"We are going to see a gradual degradation of the weather," National Weather Service forecaster Bob Benjamin said. "We're going to see the light showers replaced by heavier ones.Body Recovered From Car In Waters Near Oakland Airport
A car that careened off Doolittle Drive and landed upside down in the water near Oakland International Airpot resulted in one death authorities at the Alameda County Coroner's office told the East Bay Times . The victim, a male, was not identified beyond his gender, and it's unknown as to whether there were any other victims.Calls For Divestment From the Dakota Access Pipeline Reach a Roar
It's not a popular time for banks that have agreed to back the Dakota Access Pipeline . Cities and other public entities are ending business with banks like Wells Fargo, which loaned more than $400 million to the pipeline's developers.Chico fighter pilot honored with F-86 matching his plane in Korea
Chico Air Museum President Brian Baldridge addresses the crowd gathered last Saturday to dedicate an F-86 jet fighter to local veteran pilot Lee Koenig. The plane is in the outdoor exhibit area in the museum at the Chico airport.Alameda: Hazmat response closes off block
Firefighters have closed off a block for a hazardous materials team response to an apartment building Thursday afternoon, authorities said. Just before 10:30 a.m., Alameda firefighters received report of a natural-gas release at the building in the 700 block of Central Avenue, Alameda fire Capt.
XFINITY Bundles are available in Alameda, California. You can now bundle your digital TV, high speed Internet and Home Phone services into one package, and enjoy great discounts and the convenience of just one monthly bill. XFINITY offers residents of Alameda, California the chance to save big while enjoying the latest digital home service technology. If you're in the market for Internet, TV and Phone and live in Alameda, you can take advantage of XFINITY deals. Search and compare XFINITY offers in Alameda and start saving on digital home services today. With XFINITY TV, residents of Alameda, California can access all the latest entertainment, including an extensive On Demand service with thousands of programming options. Catch up on reality TV shows, movie classics and all the latest family-friendly TV entertainment. XFINITY Internet lets you surf and stream the way you want to. Residents of Alameda can enjoy buffer-free Internet access and even watch live TV. There are a number of high speed internet packages available. Plus, XFINITY Internet is reliable and secure. XFINITY Home Phone service is a great addition to XFINITY TV and Internet bundles, allowing Alameda residents to talk more for less. What's more, XFINITY Home Phone comes with unlimited nationwide text, a feature that saves you money on cell phone messaging. When you bundle all three digital home services, you enjoy bigger savings and all the benefits of XFINITY TV, Internet and Phone.
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Until 07.05. 2017
Francesco Jodice: Panorama
Panorama is the first international retrospective dedicated to the Italian photographer and filmmaker, Francesco Jodice (*196 more
Until 07.05.2017
Unfamiliar Familiarities. Outside Views on Switzerland
Switzerland Tourism has chosen an unusual project to mark its 100th anniversary in 2017 with the aim of exploiting the potent more
Bike | Design | City
Cycling is nowadays for urban lifestyle and youthfulness par excellence. Against the background of a growing awareness of hea more
Cultural package
Price: from CHF 5 more
Guided Tours
Discover Winterthur à la carte – guided city tours and excursions for groups The lively streets, hidden treasures and beautif more
City Stroll
Explore Winterthur, hear about its history and socialize in the pub! On the CityStroll you have everything in one tour, hoste more
FINEST SWISS Gifts
Passend für jeden Anlass.Preis: ab CHF 24.90 more
Winterthur: a city on the move
Explore the industrial culture of Winterthur by bike more
SkillsPark Lite is a trampoline park made up of two main areas, featuring 25 connected trampolines and paths surrounded by sl more
Current exhibitions
The museum scene of Winterthur caters for all tastes: this page shows the current exhibition highlights in Winterthur. more
Hotel Römertor ***
Business hotel near Technorama. Brasserie and restaurant. Large banquett hall for up to 544 persons. 50 parking spaces.Free b more
St. Patrick's Day - The Greened Rhine Falls
A unique show awaits you around St. Patrick's Day, the Irish national holiday. more
Kunstmuseum Winterthur
The Kunstmuseum Winterthur possesses one of the most beautiful modern art collections in Switzerland. The new building was bu more

subset: commoncrawl


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Phew, that was a close one, Big Bang theorists -- Sheldon Cooper held a girl's hand for all of three seconds, and he didn't recoil away. Oh yeah, also, for a second there, after Amy Farrah Fowler's sexual appetite unexpectedly spiked from zero to the scientifically measurable amount known as "humina humina," it almost seemed like Sheldon was going to have coitus. You can count me firmly on Team Science Is And Shall Always Be Sheldon's Only True Love, so, in spite of myself (and I'm sure to the ridicule of many in the comments), I actually became rather panicked at the notion of Sheldon doing the horizontal mambo. Fortunately, instead, he just became Amy Farrah Fowler's pimp, a solution that proved far more comedically satisfying (and, ultimately, kinda moot).
Amy's libidinal outbreak first flared up when she was out at a bar with what must be the most oddly-matched female threesome currently on television. After regaling Penny and Bernadette with factoids like the standard heart shape is actually based on "the shape of the buttocks of a female bending over," a former (quick) flame of Penny's named Zach sauntered into the bar. Apparently, tall, broad-shouldered, and kinda doofy looking guys who look good in jeans are exactly the fuel needed to jump start Amy's sex drive -- almost immediately, she became flush, her heart began beating faster, her palms got clammy, and she began involuntarily exclaiming "hoo!" Naturally, in her most Lilith-from-Cheers moment yet, Amy concluded she had "the flu coupled with sudden onset Tourette's syndrome."
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If you thought the Rich Kids of Instagram were bad, take a look at the Russian version.Vladimir Putin's 'golden youth' live an extravagant life of yachts, private jets, VIP parties and Lamborghinis – and they're definitely not afraid to show it all off.Despite the country's economic woes, it seems like
Tag: vladimir putin
NATO activity on Russian borders 'doubled,' provoking Moscow's response
NATO activity on Russia's doorstep has "more than doubled" recently, forcing Russia to take retaliatory measures, Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu said."Now NATO and the US have deployed about 1,200 pieces of military equipment, including 30 combat jets, as well as more than 1,000 soldiers on the territories of the
Badass Vladimir Putin Quotes
Russia's Prepared For World War III-Vladimir Putin's New Mammoth Sized War Room
Vladimir 'show-off' Putin is back. And this time, instead of hanging around in a penthouse, he's discussing war stuff in his new super massive war room.https://twitter.com/XopheRobin/status/668129799383212032?ref_src=twsrc%5EtfwAfter the brutal onslaught of ISIS and opponents of Syrian President Bashar Hafez al-Assad, Putin recently unveiled his newly constructed three-tiered, multi-billion-rouble National Control Defense
F1 Driver Lewis Hamilton Soaks Vladimir Putin This Time
Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton celebrated his victory yesterday at the Sochi Grand Prix by spraying anyone and everyone relentlessly with his champagne. Happy days (video below). Russian President Vladimir Putin handed him the award. He had to hang around on stage for a bit and towards the end copped a
India closer ties with U.S.A is making Russia Impatient
This situation has begun to change. The last 15 years have seen increasing closeness between India and the US, flowing from a changed geopolitical environment in which the two countries see a mutuality of interests in the Indo-Pacific theatre . Defence cooperation between them has spurted. Initially, it began with


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ASPiH has a new President!READ MORE
Dr Helen Higham has recently stepped down from the President role, we welcome Dr Makani Purva as the incoming President from 6th January 2017
Enabling wider sharing of knowledge, expertise, and educational innovation related to simulated practice across the healthcare professions
Dr Helen Higham has recently stepped down from the President role, we welcome Dr Makani Purva as the incoming President from 6th January 2017
The world's largest gathering devoted exclusively to paediatric and perinatal simulation in Boston 1st - 3rd June 2017
At last....the long awaited Newsletter - full of news, resources, highlights from ASPiH 2016 Bristol and events planned for 2017.
The ASSERT Centre in UCC joins ASPiH as Institutional members offering an MSc in TEL for Health, hosting the 2017 IAS Symposium and much more...
The Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPiH) is a not-for-profit membership Association dedicated to improving patient care and professional performance by the use of simulated practice and technology enhanced learning.
The Irish Association for Simulation
The Irish Association for Simulation Symposium 28-Apr The ASSERT Centre, University of Cork
25 - 27 April Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human factors Staverton Estate, Daventry, Northamptonshire NN11 6JT
1st UAE International Medical Education Conference
2nd and 3rd March - Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences in Dubai Healthcare City #MedEdDXB
The 9th International Paediatric Simulation Symposia and Workshops (IPSSW)
9th International Pediatric Simulation Symposia and Workshops (IPSSW2017) 1-3 June 2017 Boston, MA, USA Collaborate. Create. Captivate.
SCSN Conference
2017 Scottish Clinical Skills Network conference - University of St Andrews 3rd-4th May 2017 Student abstract submission still OPEN
Download the new Standards Framework and Guidance document and the 21 Standards Pamphlet - Look out for the Standards Post-Consultation Report, we are aiming for a March publication - On-line registration as part of the adoption phase is coming soon


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When you withdraw funds from your 401(k) retirement account, you may have to pay fees, income tax and premature withdrawal penalties. Additionally, federal tax rules and employer policies often prevent currently employed individuals from making 401(k) withdrawals. When you leave your job, your retirement accounts become more accessible, although you cannot always avoid the federal tax penalties. Most 401(k) plans are funded on a pre-tax basis, although some companies also offer Roth 401(k) after-tax investment options. If you withdraw money from a Roth 401(k), you must pay taxes only on your account earnings, although your employer can restrict access to the account while you are working.
1. Contact your 401(k) custodian and ask for a plan prospectus or a list that details the rules for in-service withdrawals. Most companies pay brokerage firms to operate 401(k) plans, and you may get the plan operator's contact details from your manager or the human resources department. Under the federal tax code, your plan operator may allow you to take in-service withdrawals, but if your plan includes no such provision you may not access your money until you leave your job.
2. Review the list of withdrawal options to determine whether you are able to access your funds. If your plan includes an option for such withdrawals you may use the money toward the purchase of a first-time home purchase, to cover certain educational costs, to prevent foreclosure or eviction or to pay unreimbursed medical bills. Some firms also allow people over the age of 59 1/2 to make withdrawals if the funds are to be reinvested in other retirement accounts.
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- If you cannot make in-service withdrawals under your 401(k) plan, you may have the option of taking out a 401(k) loan. Under federal rules, you may withdraw the lesser of $50,000 or 50 percent of your vested funds in the form of a loan. The funds you deposit into a retirement account are immediately vested, but your employer's contributions are often vested over the course of five years. 401(k) loans have a maximum repayment term of five years and the interest you pay on the loan gets deposited back into your own 401(k) account.
- You may liquidate your 401(k) when you leave your job, although you must pay income tax on the money and you may pay a 10 percent penalty on the withdrawal if you are under 59 1/2 unless you roll it into another tax-sheltered retirement account. However, the IRS waives the penalty fee if you experience a separation of employment after reaching the age of 55, if you become disabled or if you turn your 401(k) funds into a lifetime income stream. When you reach the age of 70 1/2, you must begin to make withdrawals from your 401(k) plan on an annual basis. The withdrawal minimums are based on actuarial calculations, and failure to take the required amount will result in a tax penalty equal to 50 percent of the amount that you failed to withdraw.
Photo Credits
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Can a vegetarian person get a good meal at this restaurant?
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Thanks for helping!
3 Days in Cairns
Guide to Cairns Outdoors
Guide to Cairns for Families
Love love love. Food was awesome. Staff were great. Loved the lights as you walk in. Set up is well done. Will be back
First time visit last night having been to every place in Cairns and if it is authentic you want you must visit here. Generous portions, very well priced, gracious and knowledgable hosts and a pristinely clean restaurant. We won't go anywhere else now. Off the beaten track a bit but worth it. Thanks for a great meal.
My partner and I enjoyed a delightful evening at 'In 2 Thai".
The food was ,beautifully cooked , extremely flavousim, nicely garnished and at a very affordable price. The young man who served us was also extremely welcoming and obliging
It's great to be able to uphold the traditions of BYO which in addition to cutting the cost factor provide...
Visiting family in the city and they took me here with some friends. It is BYO with free corkage which helped make it excellent value. We had the mixed starter, special duck/lychee/pineapple red curry, coconut rice, Pad Thai, beef with rice noodles (for our gluten intolerant), plain rice, satay. All excellent. The place was very welcoming, service friendly and fast....
8 of us oldies were booked in for dinner & nothing was too much trouble for the wonderful waiter. We all had something different & once again the kind waiter worked out how much rice we would need to share rather than ordering one each.
My prawn yellow jackfruit curry was divine as were the whole Barramundi dishes & satay...
I've eaten there twice recently and have not been disappointed.
The service is casual but efficient, the food is tasty and served in a timely manner.
I will return.
Hidden local Gem
Everything is fresh and delicious
Vegetarian Friendly
Great Staff
Fast service
I will always be back
Nothing wrong with our meal but it wasn't the best Thai we ever had . The other reviews made us think it was going to blow our mind and it did not . Staff and owner where great and friendly meals where good size . I think this Thai is more original flavour to Thailand than being cooked the way...
Thankyou for your wonderful comments. Yes our food is aimed more for original Thai than Australian-Thai as this seems to be what the majority like. Thanks for coming. Chris
My husband and I went here for the first time last night. We met the owner on arrival and although he was very busy, he was so friendly and welcoming. We didn't have to wait long for our entree, which was delicious. Our main meals were soooo good, beautifully presented, fresh and cooked to perfection. The service was great all...
Thankyou for the wonderful comments which is a complete opposite of a recent negative review "go figure lol"
We are so happy to have had you and that you enjoyed your evening as this is our mission. Chris
Excellent Thai restaurant out of town. Friendly service by the owners. The food is fresh, beautifully presented and authentic. This restaurant has evolved into a go to place for locals who want a fun good quality meal at a very reasonable price.
Thankyou so much for your kind review on our little place. Tan and I are very happy you enjoyed your evening. Chris
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


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Here's the latest water level in Mumbai's lakes that supply drinking water to the citizens of the city
Photos: 'Badri' Varun Dhawan woos his 'Dulhania' Alia Bhatt
Photos: Indian wrestler Geeta Phogat at a launch event
Spotted: Malaika Arora out shopping in Bandra
Photos: Shahid Kapoor, Kangana Ranaut promote 'Rangoon'
Photos: Riya Sen and Kyra Dutt at 'Lonely Girl' screening
Bollynews Fatafat: Has Bahubali scared Salman Khan?
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What makes Rekha, SRK, Ranveer and John responsible citizens?
Bollynews Fatafat: Will Akshay and Arshad be seen in Jolly LLB 3?


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|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 15, 2005
|Filing date
|Apr 13, 2004
|Priority date
|May 16, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Arjen Storm, Ronald Bast, Vladimir Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Jan Zinger
|Original Assignee
|Asm International N.V.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (35), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (2), Classifications (8), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/151,207, filed May 16, 2002 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,237, which claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. � 119 of Dutch Patent Application No. 1018086, filed May 16, 2001; the disclosures of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to reactors for treating substrates. More particularly, the invention relates to reactors that process wafers and a method of operating such a reactor.
2. Description of the Related Art
When processing a substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer, the substrate is often heated with a heating means within a body of a furnace. It is customary that the energy supply to the heating means is controlled such that the measured temperature of the furnace body is substantially constant and has a desired value. When a number of substrates are subjected to a heat treatment one after the other, heat is withdrawn from the furnace body on the side of the furnace body adjacent to the substrate. Over the course of time a fall in the temperature of the furnace body will be detected by the temperature sensor. As a response to this, the energy supply to the heating means will be increased to such an extent that the furnace body again reaches the desired temperature. In view of the relatively high thermal capacity of the furnace body, this is a process that proceeds slowly and it can be some time before stable conditions have been established, in particular in those cases where the thermal capacity of the furnace body is so high and the treatment time so short that the temperature of the furnace body has still not been restored at the end of the treatment of a substrate. When a subsequent substrate has been loaded, heat is again withdrawn from the furnace body and in this way the temperature deviation can become increasingly greater for an initial number of substrates to be treated before it is finally restored as a result of the slow progression of the control process. The substrates subjected to treatment during this period will have received a non-uniform heat treatment.
These differences in heat treatment can be even greater than appears from the measured values produced by the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is usually located within the furnace body, some distance away from the surface of the furnace body that is adjacent to the substrate. The heat, on the other hand, is withdrawn via the surface of the furnace body adjacent to the substrate. Decreases in the temperature of the furnace body of 10� C. or more are possible at the surface or in the immediate vicinity of the surface. This is, of course, undesirable.
In the case of some heat treatments according to the prior art, after the substrate has been positioned in the vicinity of the furnace body, there is a waiting period until a stable, desired temperature has been established, after which the actual treatment, for example the deposition of a layer with the aid of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, starts. However, in some heat treatments (e.g., annealing), the entire temperature-time-profile (i.e., the "thermal budget") plays an important role in the treatment, especially when the treatment temperature is higher than approximately 500� C. Imposing a particular thermal budget on the substrates can even be the sole purpose of the treatment (e.g., without the formation of a layer on the substrate during the treatment). In such cases controlled and reproducible heating of the substrates is just as important as the final treatment temperature. In other words, it is important to achieve a thermal budget that is identical for all substrates when subjecting substrates to heat treatment. In principle, positioning the substrates in the vicinity of a relatively massive, heated furnace body is an extremely suitable method for this purpose, provided the disadvantages described above can be avoided.
A need therefore exists for a method and a device for heat treatment of substrates which avoid the disadvantages described above and which can achieve an identical heat treatment for successive substrates.
In one embodiment, a method for the successive heat treatment of a series of flat substrates comprises placing a substrates adjacent to, and essentially parallel to, a heating body having a flat boundary surface facing the substrate. The temperature in said heating body is measured at a location therein that is so close to the boundary surface that after the substrate has been placed in position the withdrawal of heat from the heating body by the substrate is measured at that location. The substrate is placed in the vicinity of said heating body, only after a desired temperature measured in the location has been reached. An amount of heat is supplied to said heating body such that the temperature measured at said location during the successive heat treatment of the series of substrates has an essentially constant value averaged over time. The substrate is removed from said heating body before said desired temperature, measured at said location, is reached again.
In this way an identical starting situation can be achieved for each substrate to be treated, which appreciably increases the reproducibility of the treatment. In a modified embodiment of the invention, after the substrate has been moved some distance away from the heated furnace body on completion of the heat treatment, it is moved into the vicinity of an essentially flat cooling body, so that cooling also takes place in a rapid and controlled manner.
The method described above can be carried out in various ways, in particular with regard to the control of the power supply to the heating means. For instance, it is possible in so-called "open loop control" to supply a constant power to the heating means and, at the point in time when the treatment of substrates starts, to increase the power supply in order to compensate for the heat withdrawn from the furnace body by the substrates. It is also possible in "closed loop control" to control the power supply in such a way that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is constant. Both in the case of "open loop control" and in the case of "closed loop control" the control can be adjusted so that during the treatment of substrates the average temperature measured over time is somewhat higher than that in a state of rest. The result of this is that, following treatment and removal of a substrate, the temperature sensor indicates the desired temperature again within a shorter period and the introduction of the following substrate can start at an earlier point in time.
The method described above is particularly suitable for subjecting substrates to a heat treatment in a so-called "floating wafer reactor," as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,183,565, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. In this floating wafer reactor flat substrates are brought one by one and successively between two essentially flat furnace bodies parallel to the substrate, after which the furnace bodies are moved towards one another and positioned a short distance away from the wafer. Preferably, the wafer is supported and held in place by gas streams, directed in opposing directions, issuing from these furnace bodies, without mechanical contact. With floating wafer reactors of this type it has proved possible to provide very rapid heating or cooling of the wafers without the wafers being damaged. As a result of the very rapid heating, wafers can also be treated very rapidly in succession.
According to another embodiment of the invention, substrates are treated in a treatment chamber in which, in addition to the heat treatment chamber, there is also a cooling station and a transport system for the substrate. The temperature of the substrate is lowered very rapidly in the cooling station under controlled conditions.
Yet another modified embodiment relates to a device for the heat treatment of a series of substrates. The device comprises a heating body with a flat surface for accommodating the substrate that is adjacent to the surface and controllable heating means for heating the heating body. At least one temperature sensor is positioned some distance away from the flat surface. The sensor is for measuring the temperature in the heating body and is connected to first control means for controlling the power supply to said heating means. Transport means are provided for positioning substrates in the vicinity adjacent to the heating body, holding them in this position and removing them therefrom. A second control means is provided for controlling the transport means. The temperature sensor is arranged near to the flat surface of the heating body in such a way that withdrawal of heat from the heating body by the substrate is detected. The first and second controllers are constructed such that moving each of the substrates into the heating body can take place only after a desired state has been reached. The desired state is determined by the temperature measured by the temperature sensor in the heating body as a function of time. The removal of each of said substrates takes place before said desired state has been achieved again.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the second controller comprises a low level control for controlling the motors of the transport means and a high level control for transmitting control signals to the low level control and receiving clearance signals. These clearance signals originate from sensors or from other control means and indicate that the device is ready for the next treatment action and that the device is in a safe condition for this further treatment action. One of these clearance signals originates, directly or indirectly, from the first controller for controlling the power supply to the heating means and is transmitted when the desired state has been reached within certain limits, determined on the basis of the signal transmitted by the said temperature sensor. The device can be provided with software to perform calculations on the signal transmitted by the temperature sensor in order to establish whether the desired state has been reached. This software can be operational in the first controller or a controller connected to this. When this clearance signal has been received and when any other requisite clearance signals are present, the high level control of the second control means gives a start signal to the low level control, which low level control causes the transport means to execute the desired movements. An unsafe condition of the device is determined by various sensors, such as sensors that indicate the position or presence of the substrate or of the transport means. If an unsafe condition is found while movements are being executed by the transport means, the high level control can transmit an interrupt to the low level control. As a result of this configuration, unspecified time delays in the substrate transport means as a consequence of checks carried out by the control are avoided and the transport of the substrates will take place as reproducibly as possible.
The heating means can be arranged in or on the furnace body or directly adjacent to the furnace body. It is also possible for the heating means to be arranged some distance away from the furnace body and for the heating means to comprise lamps or an induction coil.
All of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention herein disclosed. These and other embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments having reference to the attached figures, the invention not being limited to any particular preferred embodiment(s) disclosed.
For purposes of summarizing the invention and the advantages achieved over the prior art, certain objects and advantages of the invention have been described herein above. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings:
In the methods described below, there is a controller for controlling the power supplied to the heating means. This controller will be provided with inputs for receiving signals from temperature sensors and an output for transmitting a signal that determines the power supplied to the heating means. This controller can be of any known type in the art.
In the method illustrated in
In the methods illustrated in
In the description above, reference has been made to single sensor, but in practice there will usually be a need for several temperature sensors that distributed over the heated furnace body in order to be able to ensure that the furnace body has the desired temperature over the entire surface. The temperature signal that is used to start the substrate transport may be the average of all temperature signals originating from sensors that have been arranged in the vicinity of the surface of the furnace body. The control can also be implemented in such a way that the device is not cleared for loading a substrate if the temperature differences detected among the various sensors are too high. In a modified embodiment, the condition can be that all sensors must have reached a temperature that deviates from the desired temperature Ttrig by less than a determined value. A comparable measure may be applied when a heated furnace body is arranged on either side of the substrate, both furnace bodies being provided with one or more temperature sensors.
The heating devices can be constructed in such a way that they comprise several groups of individually controlled heating devices, distributed over different parts or zones of the furnace body. At least one temperature sensor is preferably available for each group. In the case of control in accordance with the "closed loop" principle, each temperature sensor is preferably arranged in the vicinity of that surface of the furnace body which is adjacent to the substrate. An advantage of the "closed loop" is that the desired temperature will be achieved for each part of the furnace body that is provided with a separate group of heating devices. In the case of the "open loop" control this is not necessarily the case and the power will have to be adjusted for each group in order to achieve a desired temperature. In the case of this "open loop" control it is not necessary to provide every zone of the furnace body with a temperature sensor arranged according to the invention, but it is possible to suffice with at least one temperature sensor, arranged close to the furnace body surface adjacent to the substrate. However, the other sensors are needed to establish correct adjustment of the constant power for each group, in such a way that a uniform temperature is obtained.
Substrates to be treated are transferred at the feed/discharge station 3 to the transfer mechanism 4 and are introduced first into the furnace 5, where they are subject to a rapid rise in temperature and then a heat treatment, followed by cooling in a controlled manner in the cooling station 6.
As mentioned above, the transfer mechanism is shown in
With reference to
The upper furnace body 130 is preferably provided with at least one temperature sensor 134 and the lower furnace body 140 is preferably also provided with at least one temperature sensor 144. As described above, in one embodiment, the temperature sensors 134, 144 are arranged close to the surfaces of the furnace bodies 130, 140 that are adjacent to the substrate. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper furnace body 130 is also provided with a temperature sensor 135 that is arranged close to that side of the upper furnace body that faces away from the substrate. In a similar manner, the lower furnace body 140 can be provided with a temperature sensor 145 arranged close to that side of the lower furnace body 140 that faces away from the substrate. Gas is supplied both from the lower furnace body 140 through openings 24 and from the upper furnace body 130 through openings 25. Gas is discharged through a discharge opening 26 formed in the housing. When a substrate is introduced, upper block 13 and lower block 14 are preferably in a position in which they have been moved apart. After the substrate has been introduced, the blocks are moved towards one another by lifting rods 27 and 28 in such a way that the distance between each of the substrate surfaces and the adjacent surfaces of the furnace bodies is preferably less than 2 mm and more preferably 1 mm or less. In the illustrated embodiment, the substrate is held in a stable position by the gas streams issuing from the openings 24 and 25, without further mechanical support being required. In other arrangements, support pins can space the substrate from the bodies 130, 140.
In the illustrated embodiment, the presence of the temperature sensors 134, 144 close to the substrate and of the temperature sensors 135, 145 close to the furnace body makes it possible to use a cascade temperature controller. This is a control that makes use of the temperature sensors in both positions. The advantage of such a control is that because the temperature sensors are close to the substrate a correct temperature can be achieved in this location and the withdrawal of heat is measured rapidly, while as a result of the temperature sensors 135, 145 close to that side of the furnace body located opposite the substrate, the temperature remains readily controllable and, for example, it is possible to avoid the outside of the furnace body reaching too high a temperature, which would tend to be followed after some time by the inside of the furnace body reaching too high a temperature. For a cascade control of this type, temperature sensors 135 and 145 do not necessarily have to be arranged close to that side of the furnace body that is facing the heating device. The temperature sensors can, for example, be arranged more in the interior of the furnace body, but the distance to that surface of the furnace body which is adjacent to the substrate will be greater than the distance to that side of the furnace body facing the heating device.
High level control 50 is provided with inputs 51, 52, 53 and 54 for receiving clearance signals. At least one of these clearance signals originates, directly or indirectly, from the first controller 70 and indicates that the furnace body has a desired temperature, within certain limits, close to the surface adjacent to the substrate. Drives 41, 42, 43 and 44 for driving the transport device are connected to low level control 40. The transport device may comprise substrate transport device and furnace body transport device. High level control 50 transmits data on the movements to be executed to control 40. These movements are executed only after receipt of a start signal originating from control 50. This start signal is transmitted when all applicable clearance signals have been received by high level control 50. The movements are executed after transmission of the start signal to the low level control. Possible unsafe situations are verified by high level control 50. If any unsafe situation is detected by one of the clearance signals dropping out while executing the movements, the high level control 50 then transmits an interrupt to the low level control 40, on receipt of which the movement is discontinued. As a result of not burdening the low level control 40 with a wide variety of verifications, which can lead to small but undefined delays, the movements are executed as reproducibly as possible, which also benefits the reproducibility of the heat treatment.
It will be clear that for the illustrated embodiment of the control system 61 can be modified. For example it is possible to control the power supply to the heating device by the first controller 70. Also a separate controller can be used to that end. The first and second controller can be connected directly through a main controller. All controllers can be incorporated in a single controller (e.g., a microprocessor or computer).
Wafer #2 is loaded when the temperature reaches 1000 C again. In a similar manner, wafer #3 and 4 are loaded when the temperature reaches 1000 C. If no substrate were to be loaded the temperature would rise to a value above 1000 C because of the inertia of the system. In
The thermal budget to which a wafer is subjected is, of course, not determined exclusively by the initial treatment temperature measured, but also by the temperature gradient that exists in the furnace body at the point in time when the heat treatment starts. It can be concluded from the fact that the temperature profile in
The time that is needed for loading a wafer can also be taken into account in this development. If the time that is needed for loading a wafer is tload, the extrapolation can be carried out over a period tload, so that there is a desired temperature at the point in time when the wafer is placed in the vicinity of the heating body, adjacent to the latter. This is of importance particularly when the loading time is of the same order of magnitude, or longer than, the treatment time. The extrapolations are realized by the device. Finally, both developments can be combined, so that the extrapolation is carried out over a period tload+tprocess and the wafer is loaded at the point in time when the extrapolated temperature, averaged over the period tload, tload+tprocess, has the desired value. For the extrapolation good results are obtained with a linear extrapolation in accordance with the least squares method, where the period that was used as starting point for the extrapolation was approximately one fifth of the period between loading successive wafers. It is, of course, possible to use higher order polynomials for the extrapolation, although tends to increase the risk of instability in the calculation.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it must be understood that these preferred embodiments serve only for illustration. For instance, the control of the power supply to the heating device can be implemented in a way other than those described. The substrate can also be supported in various ways during the treatment, both mechanically and non-mechanically. The substrate can also be placed at different distances in the vicinity of the furnace body. A further variant is that the substrate is brought into contact with the furnace body and may be pressed against the furnace body to promote the thermal contact. These variants will be obvious to a person skilled in the art and fall within the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 25, 1982
|Jan 22, 1985
|Edward Bok
|Method for deposition of fluid and gaseous media on substrates for their transport
|Feb 21, 1983
|Dec 24, 1985
|Edward Bok
|Method for applying a coating on a substrate
|Aug 23, 1983
|Mar 11, 1986
|Edward Bok
|Method for floating transport of substrates
|Mar 16, 1987
|Aug 29, 1989
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Device comprising a flat susceptor rotating parallel to a reference surface about a shift perpendicular to this surface
|Mar 3, 1989
|Dec 4, 1990
|Epsilon Technology Inc.
|Heating system for substrates
|Sep 24, 1991
|May 24, 1994
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using a heat treatment according to a temperature profile that prevents grain or particle precipitation during reflow
|Nov 12, 1992
|Jul 26, 1994
|Tokyo Electron Kabushiki Kaisha
|Surface processing apparatus
|Apr 21, 1994
|May 9, 1995
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Semiconductor wafer heat treatment apparatus
|Dec 13, 1993
|Jul 4, 1995
|Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
|Method of heat treating a substrate with standby and treatment time periods
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jul 22, 1997
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Profiled substrate heating
|Oct 20, 1995
|Aug 4, 1998
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Profiled substrate heating utilizing a support temperature and a substrate temperature
|Feb 23, 1998
|Jan 25, 2000
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Thermal cycling module and process using radiant heat
|Apr 30, 1998
|May 16, 2000
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for controlling the radial temperature gradient of a wafer while ramping the wafer temperature
|Mar 5, 1998
|Jun 6, 2000
|Fsi International Inc.
|Combination bake/chill apparatus incorporating low thermal mass, thermally conductive bakeplate
|May 27, 1998
|Jun 27, 2000
|Smc Corporation
|Apparatus for and method of thermally processing substrate
|Aug 19, 1999
|Aug 1, 2000
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Substrate processing apparatus and substrate processing method
|Feb 21, 1997
|Aug 29, 2000
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Wafer processing apparatus with a processing vessel, upper and lower separately sealed heating vessels, and means for maintaining the vessels at predetermined pressures
|Jan 8, 1999
|Feb 6, 2001
|Asm International N.V
|Method and apparatus for supporting a semiconductor wafer during processing
|Jan 30, 1997
|Mar 27, 2001
|Asm America, Inc.
|Model-based predictive control of thermal processing
|Nov 4, 1999
|May 22, 2001
|Applied Science And Technology, Inc.
|Disk furnace for thermal processing
|Jul 30, 1998
|Aug 14, 2001
|Kokusai Electric Co., Ltd.
|Substrate feed control
|Apr 21, 2000
|Dec 11, 2001
|A.S.M. International N.V.
|Floating wafer reactor and method for the regulation of the temperature thereof
|Jun 6, 2001
|May 13, 2003
|Asm International N.V.
|Apparatus for processing a wafer
|Sep 27, 2000
|Aug 26, 2003
|Axcelis Technologies
|System and method for controlling movement of a workpiece in a thermal processing system
|Jun 27, 2002
|Aug 3, 2004
|Asm International N.V.
|Method and apparatus for the treatment of substrates
|May 8, 2002
|Nov 13, 2003
|Vladamir Kuznetsov
|Temperature control for single substrate semiconductor processing reactor
|Apr 13, 2004
|Oct 7, 2004
|Arjen Storm
|Method and device for heat treating substrates
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Jan 13, 2000
|Jul 20, 2000
|Asm International N.V.
|Device for positioning a wafer
|May 8, 2000
|Nov 16, 2000
|Asm International N.V.
|Method for transferring wafers and ring
|Porter et al., "Fast-ramp rapid vertical processor for 300-mm Si wafer processing". SPIE vol. 3507, Sep. 1998 , p. 42-53.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 22, 2008
|May 29, 2012
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Laser treatment apparatus, laser treatment method, and manufacturing method of semiconductor device
|May 22, 2008
|Sep 18, 2008
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Laser treatment apparatus, laser treatment method, and manufacturing method of semiconductor device
|U.S. Classification
|266/87, 219/497
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 3, 2007
|Certificate of correction
|Apr 15, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 7, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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The Cavendish Home for Boys and Girls
- Brief Synopsis:
- Practically-perfect twelve-year-old Victoria Wright must lie, sneak, and break the rules when her investigation of the disappearance of her best--and only--friend, Lawrence, reveals dark secrets about her town and the orphanage run by the reclusive Mrs. Cavendish.
- Long Synopsis:
- Victoria hates nonsense. There is no need for it when your life is perfect. The only smudge on her pristine life is her best friend Lawrence. He is a disaster--lazy and dreamy, shirt always untucked, obsessed with his silly piano. Victoria often wonders why she ever bothered being his friend. (Lawrence does too.) But then Lawrence goes missing. And he's not the only one. Victoria soon discovers that The Cavendish Home for Boys and Girls is not what it appears to be. Kids go in but come out...different. Or they don't' come out at all. If anyone can sort this out, it's Victoria--even if it means getting a little messy.
- Book Quality:
- Publisher Quality
- 9781442442931
- Publisher:
- Simon & Schuster Books For Young Readers
- Date of Addition:
- 01/07/13
- Copyright Date:
- 2012
- Copyrighted By:
- Sarah Watts, Claire Legrand
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
- Categories:
- Children's Books, Literature and Fiction, Mystery and Thrillers, Science Fiction and Fantasy
- Grade Levels:
- Sixth grade, Seventh grade, Eighth grade
- Submitted By:
- Bookshare Staff
- Usage Restrictions:
- This is a copyrighted book.
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Hello All!I moved to Frankfurt am Main 1 month ago, and now my flat in Budapest city center is out on the market for rent!It is fully furnished, has 2 bedrooms + living room, 2 bathrooms, a balcony and a large kitchen.It is located near Heroes square, 5min walking distance to szecseny Spa, Zoo, Attraction park and national circus, Varosliget central city park, famous Andrassy Avenue, and Oktogon. Naturally very well connected with Underground, bus, trolleybus and has a comfortable street parking.Since it is quite large (almost 100sqm), naturally it attracts families' attention, and what's important for me is I find it in same good condition at the end of rental duration (min. 1year or longer). I am in contract with property management agency, therefore there is a dedicated property account manager for all needs and services 24/7.Please see it for yourself, let me know if interested, and let others know who might be in need! Protected content


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JAMAICA, QUEENS--Lt. Col. Mike Hoblin (left) takes the colors of the 1st Battalion 258th Infantry from 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team Commander Col. Geoff Slack during Change of Command ceremonies on Saturday, August 29, here.
Hoblin is a veteran of the 27th Brigade Combat Team's deployment to Afghanistan in 2008, where he served as Civil-Military Operations Office. He replaces Lt. Col. Paul Conte who is now the brigade's executive officer.
DMNA Press Releases
NY National Guard In the News
Time Warner Cable News -- Tue, 21 Feb 2017 Rosetta Burke Became New York State's First Female Brigadier General Rosetta Burke is a true trailblazer -- serving our country in the National Guard and becoming the first female general. In the next part of our series, 'Facing the Rising Sun: Profiles of... (more)
Times Union -- Tue, 21 Feb 2017 Four Capital Region museums explore World War I: Museums look at local buildup to conflict The impact of World War I on New York and the Capital Region is a story that state and local museums are telling as the centennial of the U.S. entry into the war approaches.
Times Union -- Mon, 20 Feb 2017 Gillibrand tours Stratton Air Base; emphasizes support for missions in Greenland, Antarctica During a tour of the Stratton Air National Guard Base on Sunday, U.S. Sen. Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand stressed the importance of the country's continued presence on the Earth's North and... (more)


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Personal Injury Attorneys
Potts Law Firm
908 Broadway, 3rd Floor
Kansas City, Missouri 64105
Kansas City, Missouri 64105
(816) 931-2230 or(866) 311-2230
Law Firm Overview
The Potts Law Firm, based in Kansas City, Missouri, is committed to aggressively representing those who have been wronged by the negligence, misconduct, or fraud of others from coast to coast. The firm was founded in 2002 by Derek Potts.
Areas of Law
Antitrust & Trade Regulation
Personal Injury (continue)


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Thursdays 7:30-8:30PM : Advanced Tap
Attire: Students should have their hair neatly pulled back before coming to class. Students may wear tights and a leotard with a dance skirt or shorts over top, or they may wear yoga pants and a tshirt/tank top (clothes they can easily move around in). All female students should wear a sports bra, and we recommend wearing a leotard under dance clothes for additional modesty. Students should wear black tap shoes, and the staff recommends the oxfordstyle laceup shoe.


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Rocket launch
Showing of 0 - 10 from 30 results
Rocket launch - Total results - 30
Jun 22, 2016
In a record-breaking event, Isro launches 20 satellites from SriharikotaAn Indian rocket named Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) on Wednesday morning lifted off successfully with the country's earth observation satellite Cartosat, Google company Terra Bella's SkySat Gen2-1 and 18 other satellites.
Apr 29, 2016
After seventh navigation satellite, India a step away from 'GPS club'India on Thursday afternoon successfully put into orbit its seventh and final navigation satellite — IRNSS-1G — with its own rocket in copy-book style
Mar 08, 2016
Countdown for Indian rocket launch progressing smoothly: IsroThe countdown for the launch of an Indian rocket carrying the country's sixth navigation satellite as the sole passenger is progressing smoothly
Feb 11, 2016
US Senate votes for expanded sanctions on North Korea following rocket launchThe US Senate has voted unanimously to tighten economic sanctions on North Korea, seeking to punish the reclusive Asian nation for its provocative recent nuclear test and rocket launch.
Feb 10, 2016
Seoul to halt work at joint industrial park with Pyongyang following North Korea's rocket launchSouth Korea says it will suspend operations at a joint industrial park with North Korea in response to the North's recent rocket launch, the first time in the park's decade of operation that Seoul has halted work there.
Feb 09, 2016
Sanctions have failed to stop North Korea's nuclear programme, says UN panelA raft of UN sanctions imposed on North Korea over the past decade has failed to prevent Pyongyang from scaling up its nuclear and ballistic missile programs, a UN panel of experts has concluded.
Feb 06, 2016
North Korea advances plans for launch of rocket, according to Japan media reportsNorth Korea says it has brought forward plans to launch a rocket and the event could now occur as early as Sunday, Japanese media reported.
Feb 07, 2016
Will new sanctions stop Kim Jong-Un? Here's what North Korea's rocket launch may mean for the worldNorth Korea launched a long-range rocket on Sunday, the first day of its announced eight-day launch window and about a month after the country's fourth nuclear test led to international condemnation.
Feb 07, 2016
Covert missile test: North Korea launches space rocket in defiance of sanctions threatsNorth Korea launched a long-range rocket on Sunday, violating UN resolutions and doubling down against an international community already struggling to punish Pyongyang for a nuclear test last month.
Jul 08, 2015
India set to launch five British satellites on 10 JulyThe Indian space agency on Wednesday morning began the countdown for the 10 July rocket launch that would carry five British satellites.


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track list
Album The Very Best of Hank Williams [Legacy]
Label Legacy
Released April 26, 2005
This site contains content from artists, fans, and writers from around the internet in it's natural form. Such content is not representative of Viacom Media Networks.
©2017 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. MTV and all related titles and logos are trademarks of Viacom International Inc.


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Marylin Elias
Women are said to better entrepreneurs than men. Here's why:
- Women can make better connections: this will give them a better chance for being in business life. By using these connections, they will be able to work less hard to go through their goals and wouldn't have many difficulties to go through things the hard way.
- Women are multitasks: they have the ability to do several things and manage to play several roles at the same time. They are ready to face it all without trying to walk away from all responsibilities of an entrepreneur.
- They seek perfection: they are never satisfied with average results or efforts. The business they are ruling will be organized and won't be facing financial issues.
- Women are considerate: they do not only work for their own satisfaction. In fact, they care for their employees, investors, clients and founders. All this will positively affect their business's objectives.
- Women rely on efforts and not on "awesomeness": They don't allow egos in their way and do whatever has to be done in order to reach the required results. When witnessing failure, they do not panic and blame their selves. Instead, they consider it as a reason to work harder.
- Women are appreciative: they give credit to their employees and reward them fairly for their hard work and performances.
- Women take into consideration others' insights: They are not afraid to consult other people about hard decisions they want to take and they do not refrain from changing their plans if they find new information that can benefit their objectives.
- Women take fewer risks than men: In other words, the risk they take have more chances to succeed since they are more likely to think about it.
- Women search for value and not price: They know that price is not the main issue. They are more concerned about the value and are aware of the price requirements of the relationships and procedures.
- Women value their life: They understand that their obligations at work will be easier and more effective when they take care of their personal life. Moreover, they realize how important their friendships are as well as their families.
Finally, we should not forget that not all people are the same. Therefore, not all women can be successful entrepreneurs. Yet, whenever a woman is not happy for being a woman, we can tell her about the facts above hoping to make her feel better.


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Pvc Pe Pp Wood Plastic Composite Board Extrusion Line - Chinaprice: contact company for price
kinds of plastic( recycled PP/ PE) and fiber( wood/ bamb. . .
1) This WPC extrusion line applies SJZ serials of conical twin screw extruder with imported inverter, which provides wide adjusting range and
precise temperature control.
2) The downstream equipment includes vacuum calibration and cooling units, haul- off unit, cutting machine and stacker.
3) The calibration unit is equipped with strong forced cooling system so that it can provide perfect calibrating effect.
4) The pedrail hauler is equiped with precision gear motor and inverter, which possesses reasonable structure, strong and stable hauling force.
5) The cutting machineis equipped with PLC control system which helps to set length and provide accurate automatic cutting.
6) The stacker is covered withe rubber grip block to preventproducts from damage.
With different section of mould and our special designed extruder, the screw and barrel adopts bimetallic treatment with anti- abrasion, good melting
and plastication, high output capacity, energy saving, fits for high filling material( wood powder& plant fiber) , equipped with corresponding downstream
equipment, it can produce kinds section of WPC product.
Company Contact:
- Posted By: SHANGHAI NEOTEK MACHINERY CO.,LTD
- Phone: 86018321424488
- Address: No.915 Zhenbei Road,Putuo,Shanghai,China, shanghai, China
- Email:
- Website: http://www.neotekmachine.com/
Published date: July 24, 2014 -
- Business Description: The plastic machineries of our factory are including : all kinds of screw and barrels, extruders, all kinds of plastic profile extrusion line, plastic pipe extrusion line, plastic film extrusion line, plastic plates/boards/sheets extrusion line, PVC/PE/XPS/EPX foamed board extrusion line, Wood Plastic co extruded foam production line, PMMA PVC Colored Glaze Roof extrusion line, PVC Wave Panel extrusion line,....etc.
Related listings
Wood Plastic 65288 Pvc Based 65289 Door Plate Extrusion LineMachinery - SHANGHAI NEOTEK MACHINERY CO.,LTD - China - July 24, 2014 - contact company for price
WPC door plate machinery Based on our excellent experience on WPC extrusion technology, the machine is specially designed for wood and plastic composite product, the screw and barrel( top ten brand in China) is bi- metalic type with anti- resistant o...
The Environment Friendly And Full Automatic Carton InjectionMachinery - Wuhan south-superb E&T Co., Ltd - China - July 17, 2014 - contact company for price
Function and Characteristic Full- automatic control without people intervening. Regulating the quantity of powder carton injection. Foam slag smelted through the whole process, which greatly reduces noise. Reducing energy consumption, and improving t...
350mm Diamond Cutting Saw Blade For Granite3Machinery - Hubei YinTian Diamonds Tools Co.Ltd. - China - July 15, 2014 - contact company for price
350mm diamond saw blade for granite Segment size( L* W* H) : 40* 3.3* 12mm Special technic: 1. YT Patented formula 2. double slots with side compression segment number: 24 general thickness of slab to be processed: 2.0mm recommended cutting machine p...
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Encounter's Amazing water-based arousal lubricant is infused with Arginine to heighten pleasure and sensation to both the clitoris and G-spot. Formulated with Vitamin E, and both glycerin-free and paraben-free. Amazing is safe, long lasting, 100% Vegan certified, and gentle on the skin.
Pleasure and Sensation Heightened Here
Available in .27oz (8ml) foil packets and in a 2oz (59ml) bottle.
PRODUCT SAFETY ALERT: if you have the herpes virus, please use caution with products containing Arginine.
See more: Lubricants
Kris from Croatia on Dec 05, 2016
At first didnt feel any difference than a normall lube ,the consistency is nice though, but than it started to have slightly cooling effect. And thats great as sometimes the heat from friction can lower the sensation.
A from Out West on May 27, 2015
Amazing is the perfect name for this lube. It heightened every sensation. This is my go to for a fun night.
BK from CA on Jan 03, 2015
I came so hard when I used this solo -- clitoral stimulation only. Really, really, really looking forward to using it with my boyfriend for that G-spot stimulation!


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Our APIs and SDKs allow for direct contact between browsers and mobile apps and enable pixel perfect video chat sessions over 4G, LTE or WiFi. During a voice or video call, contextual consumer data can be passed to agents, saving time. A faster response resolution saves companies money and increases customer satisfaction.
Anonymous calling enables both parties to connect directly without the use of phone numbers, allowing for additional privacy.
Secured by the Amazon VPS (Virtual Private Cloud) environment, our storage and protocols keeps enterprise security in mind. Leverage the Xura Cloud to store recordings or have recording done on premise (at the site of your choice). In the former, your files are uploaded to an S3 compatible storage giving you great flexibility in terms of the cost, location and security. In the latter, the files are added to your server's local disk, giving companies complete control over what to do with them next..
To add rich B2B and B2C communication capabilities to mobile and web apps, the forge SDK fits the bill. Companies can quickly deploy seamless services, such as presence-enabled click-to-video chat and group messaging.
Our API's allow calls within your network, anywhere in the world. We can terminate calls on fixed lines, mobile networks and open networks.
With forge by Xura, rich communication features can be rapidly deployed on top of your website or mobile apps using our suite of APIs and SDKs. For a limited time, developers get a free production account for 90 days. In addition to voice, video, IP messaging and SMS fallback, we offer presence, group messaging and recording.
Cookies are used on our website to make sure we give you the best experience using our information and tools. You can change your cookie settings at any time. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on this website.


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Konica Pagepro 12 Printers Driver Download
Konica Pagepro 12 Printers Driver Details:
Konica Pagepro 12 Printers File Name: konica_pagepro_12_printers.zip
Konica Pagepro 12 Printers Driver Version: 679B8
Konica Pagepro 12 Printers ZIP Size: 114.kb
Manufacturer: Konica
Scan Status: OK
Konica Pagepro 12 Printers special revision for: Windows Vista Business 64 bit, Windows XP Professional 32 bit, Windows 7 Starter 32 bit, Windows Vista Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6.0.6000.0) 32 bit, Windows 7 Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT) 64 bit, Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 64 bit, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition 64 bit, Windows XP Home Edition N 32 bit, Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops 32 bit, Windows XP 64-bit Edition 32 bit, Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit, Windows 8 Enterprise 64 bit
Konica Pagepro 12 Printers Download Stats:
Direct Downloads: 886
Most Recent Download: 2/22/2017
Managed Downloads: 1659
Most Recent Download: 2/21/2017
Download Mirrors: 3
Current Delay: 19 Seconds
Driver License: GPL
Direct Download Success Stats:
Reports Issued By 850/886 Users
Success Reported By 186/850 Users
Driver Download Score66/100
Driver Installation Score74/100
Overall preformance Score70/100
Installation Manager Success Stats:
Reports Issued By 1293/1659 Users
Success Reported By 1035/1293 Users
Driver Download Score92/100
Driver Installation Score83/100
Overall preformance Score91/100
1. Direct DownloadSelect your OS and press "Download".
This option requires basic OS understanding.
Select Your Operating System, download zipped files, and then proceed to
manually install them.
Recommended if Konica Pagepro 12 Printers is the only driver on your PC you wish to update.
2. Driver Installation Manager
This option requires no OS understanding.
Automatically scans your PC for the specific required version of Konica Pagepro 12 Printers + all other outdated drivers, and installs them all at once.
After downloading and installing Konica Pagepro 12 Printers, or the driver installation manager, take a few minutes to send us a report:
* Only registered users can upload a report.
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Please register, and get one.


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Contrary to popular belief, assessments are valuable for far more than a simple measure of students' acquired level of knowledge. Assessments serve a variety of functions including directing attention/focus, highlighting conceptual errors, motivating students' interaction with course material, and, finally, determining students' grades. The importance of assessments is often overshadowed by the time and energy invested into classroom activities; but, as discussed by McKeachie, "what students learn depends as much on your tests as your teaching" (1999, p. 85). Ideally, an effective assessment will reflect the educational goals in relationship to the content areas of a designated course.
As highlighted in the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Bloom, 1956), learning goals vary according to the level of understanding and/or skill desired. Consequently, learning begins at the bottom of the hierarchy (with simple knowledge) and cumulatively builds toward a deep understanding (as evident through the ability to evaluate information). Learning objectives include:
Knowledge. Knowledge involves the remembering of terminology, facts, and methods. Typical knowledge assessments ask learners to define, describe, identify, label, list, match, or name.
Comprehension. Comprehension requires an understanding of the meaning of conceptual information. An assessment of comprehension requires students to classify, convert, describe, discuss, estimate, generalize, or give examples.
Application. Application involves the use of previously learned information in novel situations. To measure application knowledge, an instructor might ask students to chart, compute, construct, develop, implement, or predict.
Analysis. The ability to understand the organizational structure of information is referred to as analysis. Typical analysis assessments ask students to break down information into component parts, develop divergent conclusions, or make inferences.
Synthesis. Synthesis involves the creative application of prior knowledge and skills to produce an original entity. To measure synthesis understanding, an assessment might ask learners to adapt, create, design, generate, or revise.
Evaluation. Evaluation is the ability to judge the relative value of information based on prior knowledge. An evaluative assessment involves the ability to compare and contrast, criticize, critique, defend, or judge.
Bloom's (1956) Taxonomy has since been revised by Lorin Anderson and David Karthwohl (Anderson et al., 2001) by changing the category names from nouns to verbs and placing the synthesis category before evaluation. Although the only slight changes have been made, the modifications have made a significant impact. Revised "action words" include:
Remember. Remembering is to recall or retrieve previously learned information. Key verbs for remembering may include: define, describe, identify, know, label, list, match, name, outline, recall, recognize, reproduce, select, and state.
Understand. Understanding is to comprehend the meaning, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems. State a problem in one's own words. Key verbs for understanding may include: comprehend, convert, defend, distinguish, estimate, explain, extend, generalize, give an example, infer, interpret, paraphrase, predict, rewrite, summarize, and translate.
Apply. Applying is to use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction. Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel situations in the work place. Key verbs for applying may include: apply, change, compute, construct, demonstrate, discover, manipulate, modify, operate, predict, prepare, produce, relate, show, solve, and use.
Analyze. Analyzing separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between facts and inferences. Key verbs for analyzing may include: analyze, break down, compare, contrast, diagram, deconstruct, differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, identify, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, select, and separate.
Evaluate. Evaluating is to make judgments about the value of ideas or materials. Key verbs for evaluating may include: appraise, compare, conclude, contrast, criticize, critique, defend, describe, discriminate, evaluate, explain, interpret, justify, relate, summarize, and support.
Create. Creating builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put parts together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning or structure. Key verbs for creating may include: categorize, combine, compile, compose, create, devise, design, explain, generate, modify, organize, plan, rearrange, reconstruct, relate, reorganize, revise, rewrite, summarize, tell, and write.
While many instructors have the goal of promoting higher-order cognitive abilities, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and novel application, typical assessments are often unable to effectively measure these skills.
Research has repeatedly found that students' attention and focus are driven by the assessment measures not the educational goals of a course. Thus, if assessments focus primarily on the correct identification of factual information, students will devote their time and effort toward the shallow memorization of facts and definitions. On the other hand, if assessments require students to demonstrate a more complex understanding, students will concentrate their effort on acquiring the relevant skills. This leaves the instructor with the task of implementing measures that accurately reflect the desired educational objectives.
When designing assessments, instructors are faced with the dilemma of coordinating educational goals with an acceptable test format. While open-ended items, such as essay and fill-in-the-blank questions, often promote higher-order thinking, they are time-consuming to grade and are often not feasible for large-enrollment courses. Conversely, response-limited items, such as true-false and multiple-choice, can be easily graded but may limit the ability to assess higher-order learning. The variety of question types available allows educators to implement structured assessments that reflect their true learning goals. Key to the effective application of these various question types is the instructional design of the questions. While learning goals and the taxonomy of learning provide an excellent structure for designing assessment items, the educational impact of any assessment still rests in the content of individual questions.
Bloom's Taxonomy for Learning Objectives and Course Descriptions
Learning Domains of Bloom's Taxonomy
Aiken, L. R. (2000). Psychological testing and assessment (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., Airasian, R. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich, P. R., … Wittrock, M. C. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Abridged edition. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York, NY: David McKay Co Inc.
Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Ronning, R. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and instruction (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chatterji, M. (2003). Designing and using tools for educational assessment. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Gronlund, N. E. (2003). Assessment of student achievement (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2002). Meaningful assessment: A manageable and cooperative process. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
McKeachie, W. J. (1999). Teaching tips: Strategies, research, and theory for college and university teachers (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Popham, W. J. (2000). Modern educational measurement: Practical guidelines for educational leaders (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Trice, A. D. (2000). A handbook of classroom assessment. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Questions concerning the Park University CETL Quick Tips website should be directed to email@example.com.