text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 26, 1994
|Filing date
|Nov 16, 1992
|Priority date
|Apr 10, 1991
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Richard N. Schowengerdt
|Original Assignee
|Schowengerdt Richard N
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (31), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 07/682,945, filed Apr. 10, 1991, now abandoned.
1. U.S. Pat. No. 2,591,068.
2. U.S. Pat. No. 2,797,612.
3. U.S. Pat. No. 3,352,965.
4. U.S. Pat. No. 4,962,420.
1. Field of the Invention
The need for this invention arises out of the present state of the art of military camouflage in the visible light spectrum. This invention is designed for the purpose of concealing both stationary and moving objects from view. The term "cloaking" as used in the title of this invention and elsewhere herein refers to concealing such objects.
2. Prior Art
The techniques in use today largely involve painting, coloring, and/or contour shaping to allow an object to better blend in with the background. Such techniques are rather primitive and do little to conceal a moving object as it is not possible with present fixed state camouflage techniques to cause an object to continually blend in with a changing background. In order to effectively camouflage a moving object, its appearance must be constantly controlled from the viewpoint of the observer to blend in with the changing background from the observer's perspective. Little has been done to utilize modern advancements in optoelectornics, computers, or microminiature components to camouflage an object. The proposed system was conceived with the view in mind of effectively concealing a stationary or moving object such as a man, vehicle, or aircraft from view by utilization of this technology. This invention will find practical application in military and law enforcement where field commanders find it useful to conceal such an object from view.
This system is designed to interrupt energy in the visible light electromagnetic spectrum to effectively conceal an object from view by an observer. This is accomplished by insertion of a shield between an observer and the object being concealed and recreating a full color synthetic real-time image of the background on the shield for view by an observer, thus creating the illusion of transparency of the object. The basic concept for the application consists of four basic building blocks: a sensor, a signal processor, and a shield which are interconnected through an analog, digital, of fiber optic data bus, and a supporting structure for all system elements, the object being concealed being interposed between the background and the shield.
The signal processor formats the image of the background as viewed by the sensor and presents a synthetic image of the background on the shield for view by an observer. The object is placed behind or within the shield which is of opaque construction, and having a nonspecular display surface thus concealing the object from view by the observer and yet creating an illusion of transparency of the complete Cloaking System and the enclosed object. In its nonactivated state, the shield would have minimum light reflectivity. Although either an analog signal processor or digital signal processor may be used, the latter is described herein as one specific embodiment. The digital signal processor constantly compares the synthetic image in the shield with the reference image within the sensor and makes corrections to the synthetic image to correspond with the actual image being sensed. Data on the data bus blows in both directions. Special software or embedded firmware will also be utilized in the signal processor to make changes in the image presented on the shield to correct for distance and angle of the observer with respect to the object being concealed; the source of intelligence information pertaining to an observer is beyond the scope of this invention but is mentioned here only for clarification.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of the invention and is intended to illustrate the basic concept of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial isometric view of the system block diagram implementing the basic concept;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial perspective view of the invention and illustrates how an object can be concealed within a 360� shield;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the invention and illustrates how an object can be concealed within a sphere; and
FIG. 5 is an orthographic view that illustrates a simple concept demonstration model.
The basic concept of the Cloaking System 10 is illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein the background 14 is displayed on the shield 24 as a synthetic image 26 on its nonspecular display surface, when viewed from the front. FIG. 2 illustrates how the basic concept is implemented. The digital signal processor 12 is the brain and controls all operations, digitally formats the image of the background 14 as viewed by the sensor 16, establishes a reference image matrix 18 within the sensor 16, and transmits the background image signal via the data bus 20 to a synthetic image matrix 22 within the shield 24, thus causing a synthetic image 26 to be displayed on the surface of the shield 24 as seen from the direction of observation 28. The object 30 to be concealed is placed behind the shield 24 to prevent its being observed. The digital signal processor 12 constantly compares the synthetic image matrix 22 with the reference image matrix 18 and makes corrections to the synthetic image matrix 22 which in turn corrects the synthetic image 26 to correspond with the actual background image 14 being sensed, thus minimizing distortion and maintaining realism of the synthetic image 26. Data on the data bus 20 flows in both directions. The primary purpose of the system is to present on the shield 24 a near identical image of the background behind said object 30 so as to create the illusion of transparency of both said object 30 and the Cloaking System 10; a secondary purpose of the system is to alter the synthetic image 26 to create an illusion of a background that does not exist; while such a deceptive method goes beyond the scope of simply creating an illusion of transparency of the object it would be very useful for special missions or difficult scenario conditions where it would be more effective to depict an artificial background than to display a representation of the actual background. Any such alterations in the synthetic image 26 would be accomplished by software or embedded firmware and is considered part of the tactical strategy to be employed, thus emphasizing the flexibility of the invention and its potential interaction with the operating environment.
The basic concept or cell unit depicted in the preceding FIG. 2 may be expanded to combine as many cells as desired to provide 360� coverage. Referring to FIG. 3, a cylindrical shield 24a is illustrated with a cutaway view showing object 30 along with the digital signal processor 12, data bus 20, and sensors 16, all supported by a suitable attachment means 32. The digital signal processor 12 organizes and presents a different synthetic image 26 on the appropriate sector of the shield 24a utilizing signals from appropriate sensors 16, together with tactical data concerning potential points of observation. The appropriate size and number of sectors would be determined by the optimal design for a given operational mission. Although shown here as separate components for clarity, the present state-of-the-art would allow incorporation of the an embedded circuitry digital signal processor 12 and sensors 16 into the shield 24a to provide a cylindrical smart skin to wrap around the object. The shield may also incorporate backplanes for mounting embedded sensors, processors and bus circuitry.
Carrying the basic concept a step further, the shield 24b may be formed into a spherical shape as illustrated in FIG. 4. A cutaway view is again presented showing object 30, sensors 16, digital signal processor 12, data bus 20, and a spherically shaped shield 24b. As with the cylindrical shape, the digital signal processor 12 organizes and presents a different synthetic image 26 on the appropriate sector of the shield 24b utilizing both tactical data and signals from appropriate sensors 16. In this configuration there would be considerably more sectors, as compared with the cylindrical shape, and the programming would be more complex to provide a high degree of realism in the image.
Irregular shapes for the shield may also be employed utilizing conformal smart skins which would be thin digital signal processor circuits embedded within the shield display surface. However, in order to reduce distortion of the image, either a circular, cyclindrical, or spherical shape would allow uniform algorithms to be employed in the embedded processor programs in the digital signal processor 12 to correct for circular or spherical aberration. Some distortion may appear as ripples or waves in the image, depending upon the shape of the shield, relative position and motion of the observer, and complexity of background images. However, in the algorithms could be developed, such as those required for irregular or conformal shields for military vehicles, to minimize such distortion.
Several alternate technologies and methods of implementing this invention may be utilized.
One alternate technology employs the simplest method of implementing the Cloaking System concept which would utilize a conventional analog signal processor, a specially designed liquid crystal display to present the background image on the shield, and a conventional video camera for the sensor. Since this method utilizes conventional analog technology, this method is limited to flat plane or semicircular displays and would not lend itself to image correction as could be achieved by the digital options. However, this method would allow the construction of a prototype model within a year or two to demonstrate the basic cloaking concept.
Another alternate technology employs a digital option; the main differences between this method and the first-described analog method consists of the conversion of all analog video signals to digital signals, the usage of a digital signal processor to direct all operations, and higher technology used in constructing the shield and the sensor. Because of the high flexibility of the digital method, a great variety of shapes could be used for the shield and various compensation software or embedded firmware schemes could be employed to minimize distortion in the image; hence the digital method was selected and described in the preceeding section in considerable detail as one embodiment of the invention.
In still another method, photonic materials could be used for constructing the shield and sensor which would be capable of directly manipulating light signals and transmitting these signals on a higher speed fiber optic data bus. These light signals could be then digitized and further manipulated by a digital signal processor to perform necessary system functions but without the encumbrance of the slower speed of a digital data bus. The selection of either optoelectronic or photonic building blocks for the shield, sensor, and data bus would depend upon such factors as size and shape of the object to be shielded, speed of the object relative to the background, and environment. Usage of either optoelectronic or photonic materials in extremes such as that encountered in combat would require extensive testing and development. However, for more benign applications, a state-of-the-art system could be developed within three to five years utilizing currently available materials and components.
Any one of several available commercial or military digital process and bus architectures could be used depending upon the application and program requirements. IBM-PC integrated circuits and bus standards such as RS-232 (Serial), RS-422 (Parallel), or IEEE 488 (Parallel could be used for lower cost and benign environments. In more rigorous combat environments Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) architecture and Military standards such as MIL-STD-1553, MIL-STD-1750, or MIL-STD-1760 could be used for complex interfaces between men and machines. Sophisticated and advanced models using fiber optic technology and a high speed data bus would have advantages in terms of small size and conformal shape adaption of the shield.
A simple Concept Demonstration Model could be constructed utilizing any of the above-described technologies and methods. This model is shown in FIG. 5; the object 30, such as a vehicle, is shown in a top view with a semicircular shield 24c secured by an attachment means 32, such as supporting struts. Sensors 16 view the wall 38 and the analog signals are subsequently displayed on the shield 24c facing the point of observation 28 behind line 36 which is fifty feet from the vehicle 30. The vehicle 30 is moving to the left as shown by the arrow 34. When the system is operating properly, the vehicle 30 would never be observed; only the wall 38 behind said vehicle 30 would be seen. For simplicity and to establish a reference, the wall 38 would probably be initially monochromatic and color patterns added later to present more difficult scenarios and to measure system limitations.
1. U.S. Pat. No. 2,591,068, Hilchey, Eugene L., Studio Background, Apr. 1, 1952.
2. U.S. Pat. No. 2,797,612, Holmes, Oscar J., Intermittent Motion Picture Film Feed Apparatus, Jul. 2, 1957.
3. U.S. Pat. No. 3,352,965, Driver, Paul C., and Fowler, Robert E., Method And Means For Enhancing Camouflaged Target Detection Utilizing Light Polarization Techniques, Nov. 14, 1967.
4. U.S. Pat. No. 4,962,420, Judenich, Gennady I., Entertainment Video Information System Having A Multiplane Screen, Oct. 9, 1990.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1948
|Apr 1, 1952
|Eugene L Hilchey
|Studio background
|Mar 4, 1950
|Jul 2, 1957
|Holmes Oscar J
|Intermittent motion picture film feed apparatus
|Mar 9, 1964
|Nov 14, 1967
|Paul C Driver
|Method and means for enhancing camouflaged target detection utilizing light polarization techniques
|Apr 23, 1987
|Oct 9, 1990
|Teatr Polifonicheskoi Dramy
|Entertainment video information system having a multiplane screen
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 26, 1995
|Nov 4, 1997
|Siemens Corporate Research, Inc.
|Background recovery in monocular vision
|Dec 1, 1999
|Dec 25, 2001
|David S. Bettinger
|Orthogonal projection concealment apparatus
|Sep 30, 1999
|Jan 15, 2002
|Robert Fisher Reynolds
|Thermal and visual camouflage system
|Jan 28, 2000
|Oct 1, 2002
|Wesley E. Schlenker
|On-board camouflage lighting system using directional light sources
|Mar 11, 2005
|Apr 3, 2007
|The Boeing Company
|Active camouflage using real-time spectral matching
|Oct 2, 2001
|Apr 17, 2007
|Alden Ray M
|Optic array for three-dimensional multi-perspective low observable signature control
|May 27, 2008
|Mar 31, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Adaptive hiding/unhiding of a device
|Jun 16, 2011
|Jul 30, 2013
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Camouflage utilizing nano-optical arrays embedded in carbon matrix
|Jan 14, 2011
|Dec 9, 2014
|Alliant Techsystems Inc.
|Infrared signature matching system, control circuit, and related method
|Mar 29, 2012
|Nov 3, 2015
|The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Adaptive electronic camouflage
|Jun 4, 2012
|Apr 12, 2016
|BAE Systems H�gglunds Aktiebolag
|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device
|Jun 5, 2012
|Jun 7, 2016
|BAE Systems H�gglunds Aktiebolag
|Device for signature adaptation and object provided with such a device
|Jun 12, 2008
|Jul 12, 2016
|Denis R. O'Brien
|Faux-transparency method and device
|May 18, 2015
|Jan 31, 2017
|University Of Rochester
|Paraxial cloak design and device
|Oct 2, 2001
|Jul 11, 2002
|Alden Ray M.
|Multi-perspective background simulation cloaking process and apparatus
|Dec 15, 2003
|Oct 28, 2004
|Dr. Igor Touzov
|Addressable camouflage for personnel, mobile equipment and installations
|Mar 11, 2005
|Feb 15, 2007
|The Boeing Company
|Active camouflage using real-time spectral matching
|Jun 12, 2008
|Dec 18, 2008
|O'brien Denis R
|Faux-Transparency method and device
|Nov 19, 2008
|Jun 25, 2009
|Nicholas Francis Borrelli
|Photonic-Crystal Transparent-Conductor Assembly
|Jan 20, 2010
|Jul 22, 2010
|Sergio Lara Pereira Monteiro
|Method for transferring images with incoherent randomly arranged fiber optical bundle and for displaying images with randomly arranged pixels
|Dec 3, 2010
|Jun 9, 2011
|Eric Schmidt
|Virtual Structure
|Jun 4, 2012
|Apr 24, 2014
|BAE Systems H�gglunds Aktiebolag
|Device and method for signature adaptation and an object with such a device
|Mar 18, 2014
|Sep 18, 2014
|James Clarke
|System Method and Apparatus for Solar Powered Display Panels
|Apr 9, 2014
|Oct 15, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Cloaking device
|Aug 27, 2015
|Dec 17, 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Cloaking device
|Sep 13, 2011
|Mar 20, 2013
|Alcatel Lucent
|Method for creating a cover for an electronic device and electronic device
|Dec 13, 2001
|Aug 29, 2002
|Alden, Ray, M.
|Three dimensional cloaking process and apparatus
|Dec 13, 2001
|Dec 12, 2002
|Alden Ray M
|Three dimensional cloaking process and apparatus
|May 16, 2005
|Dec 8, 2005
|Xiaohua Liu
|Technology for camouflage
|Aug 23, 2012
|Mar 21, 2013
|Alcatel Lucent
|Method for creating a cover for an electronic device and electronic device
|Feb 4, 2016
|Aug 11, 2016
|Display device camouflage/recovery system and control method
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 20, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 17, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 26, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Hotel Accommodation near Victoria Butterfly Gardens
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- Most bookedBrentwood Bay Resort & Spa
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"If you have a car, this is a great place to stay. The pub and restraunt food is great, the service is great, the rooms are peaceful and relaxing, but Yellow Cab is horrible. I highly recommend this hotel if you are wanting a quiet getaway to be pampered and to relax. Buchart gardens is close by a..."
A Traveller, Dec 2016, US
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"It would be very hard to find a negative about Brentwood Lighthouse B&B. The room was A1 as was the breakfast. Nancy & Allan were gracious hosts. You look out the window in the morning and it was just like a picture post card. "
A Traveller, Sep 2016, AU
Hotels within 5 kilometers of Victoria Butterfly Gardens
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"Close to airport, lots of character with pet at check-in, great reading room with fireplace but a bit loud (close to highway) and a bit cold on our visit. "
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"Everything is great, very friendly front desk people, basic breaksfast but it's good to start the day, room heater works good and quiet, except i found a blood stain on the blanket, and the drain goes very very slow, it's very convenient to bus 81 right in front of the hotel parking lot if the bu..."
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"The host was what made this experience a wonderful one! So friendly and inviting! Breakfast was huge and delicious! Lots of extras in this bed and breakfast retreat and the beds were very comfortable. "
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"Due to travel delays we were after midnight when arriving here. Correspondence en-route from host was prompt and complete with self check in procedures and our room was easy to find, welcoming and comfortable. We had to leave early morning and a beautiful breakfast was delivered to our room. It i..."
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"Exceptional customer service ! 10 min letter you will feel as at you own home. The hostess is kind and ready to help in the any needs."
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"Extremely clean and well maintained, each unit (not room) is a full apartment with multiple rooms including the most fully equipped kitchen you could imagine. The hosts are very warm, friendly, and welcoming, as with most good b & b's, and when you leave it feels like you are concluding a family ..."
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Clinton Goal: Avoid a War
By R. W. APPLE Jr.
Published: August 6, 1994
WASHINGTON, Aug. 5— The last thing President Clinton wants this week or this month is a war. Not in Haiti, not in Bosnia, and certainly not in both at the same time -- not while he is struggling to wrest from a recalcitrant Congress a health-care program that will fulfill his campaign promises.
In the minds of Democratic strategists, at least, the political situation comes very close to a matter of life and death: fail on health care, they say, and the President's chances of winning a second term, let alone limiting his party's anticipated losses in the November Congressional elections, will be severely eroded.
This morning, in a brazen thumb in the eye, Bosnian Serbs "liberated" one of their tanks and some other heavy weapons from impoundment by the United Nations. The action was followed by a carefully calibrated NATO air strike. But there is little prospect, Administration officials said this afternoon, that the United States will get involved in active, sustained combat as a result.
"This is a momentary flare-up, not a turning point," a senior State Department official said. "We are not about to escalate here."
As in Haiti, Mr. Clinton is trying to use economic and diplomatic activity to bring about the desired result. He has countenanced the occasional military gesture, like today's retaliatory attack by American A-10 bombers, supported by French and Dutch warplanes, on an antitank emplacement. But talk of more concerted military action is mostly just that -- talk, intended to turn up the heat.
"I think it was a good step forward today," Secretary of State Warren Christopher said of the allied response, because it kept the psychological pressure on the Bosnian Serbs to accept the peace proposal they have so far turned down. Drafted by the United States, Russia, Britain, Germany and France, the plan would return some of the Serbian nationalists' conquests to the Bosnian Muslims.
Should the President decide that the national interest requires it, there are plenty of troops and plenty of planes to carry out an invasion of Haiti and a major operation in Bosnia at the same time; cuts in the Pentagon budget have not destroyed the nation's capacity to fight two limited conflicts at once.
Rather it is the political situation that constrains Mr. Clinton. No Room for Error
"The President is standing on a precipice," said a Democratic Senator friendly to the President. "In the next few weeks, the biggest issue of his term will be decided. To win he needs to focus all his attention, and all the attention of Congress, on health care. It is close enough so that careless errors could cost him the game.
"So he won't go looking for foreign-policy trouble on the Hill."
Though there is no official acknowledgment, the feeling is widespread in Washington that Haiti, the problem in the American backyard, rather than Bosnia, the trouble spot in the European hinterland, holds the higher priority in the Administration's current calculations.
But in fact there is no widespread public clamor for quick American action either in Haiti or in Bosnia.
Mr. Clinton has made no sustained effort to build support for such action, either on Capitol Hill or among the general public, in part because doing so would inevitably detract from his evangelism on behalf of health care. And the Somalia experience has persuaded at least some of his advisers of how important it is to bring Congress and the electorate into line before committing American forces abroad.
The President got conflicting counsel today from senior Senators.
Senator Bob Dole, Republican of Kansas, the minority leader, renewed his insistent demands that the United States break with the United Nations by lifting the embargo on arms shipments to the predominantly Muslim Government in Bosnia, which is outgunned by the Bosnian Serbs.
Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, an influential figure on the Armed Services Committee, took a much less interventionist position. He warned in a floor speech that the United States might be "on the verge of a very dangerous move without the American people being consulted."
But in fact, Mr. Clinton has everything to gain from avoiding any bold new steps in Bosnia, at least in the near future, and until he steps forward, the European nations are reluctant to do much about the Balkan problem. In other words, things are stuck in just about the same place they have been for months.
That was evident last weekend in Geneva. Mr. Christopher had promised a tough new approach, but the five nations sponsoring the peace proposal in fact made only the most modest response -- a promise to seek fresh economic sanctions -- to the Bosnian Serbs' repeated rejections of the plan.
They made no threat of air strikes against Bosnian Serb positions, and they critically weakened their comment that lifting the arms embargo "could become unavoidable" by describing such a step as "a last resort." The seizure of heavy weapons by the Bosnian Serbs today, their most aggressive move since last April, demonstrated how little credibility the allied message carried.
Dee Dee Myers, the White House press secretary, returned today to the same formulation -- "a decision by the U.N. to lift the arms embargo could become unavoidable," she said -- and the practical results seem likely to be the same: nil.


text:
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text:
Recruiting Notebook: Decision looming for Daniel Giddens
More Recruiting: NBPA Top 100 Camp recap | Mustapha Heron addresses rumors
By the time the July recruiting period rolls around, Daniel Giddens will already have a weight off his shoulders -- he's planning to make his decision on July 4.
The 6-foot-10 rising senior announced his timetable a few weeks ago, and is holding to that date.
Indiana, Ohio State, Kansas, Arizona, Florida and Georgia were his final six, although he has since added Wake Forest and Texas A&M.
The hire of Danny Manning as the new head coach of the Demon Deacons put them in the mix.
"Danny Manning and the coaching staff," Giddens said. "The environment at Wake Forest. Tim Duncan, Chris Paul, Al-Farouq Aminu, their development of players. Danny Manning is excellent, excellent at developing and coaching big men."
Texas A&M also entered the picture because of Giddens' interest in their coaching staff.
"The coaches, I have a good relationship with them," he said. "And the environment with academics."
Giddens, ranked No. 20 in the 247Sports Composite Ranking for the class of 2015, said he has not made a decision yet.
P.J. Dozier being pursued by notable powerhouses
P.J. Dozier has been a big name on the high school scene for several years now, and he's still a target for several high-profile schools.
Ranked No. 42 in the 247Sports Composite ranking for the class of 2015, Dozier saw his stock slip a little bit after a knee injury kept him out for the high school season. He bounced back at the NBPA Top 100 camp, though, averaging 9.9 points and 3.3 rebounds.
North Carolina, Ohio State, Indiana, Kentucky and Kansas have been in pursuit, while he has taken trips to North Carolina State, North Carolina, South Carolina and Clemson.
The Tar Heels are considered one of the favorites for the Spring Valley (S.C.) product.
"The atmosphere," Dozier said when asked what stood out about his Chapel Hill visit. "I went when they played NC State and it was a great atmosphere. Their coaching staff; that's the main thing I look into when I decide what college I want to attend."
Horace Spencer sets one visit
A four-star center in the class of 2015, Horace Spencer has his fair share of schools interested in his signature. However, he's hoping a big summer period brings even more colleges into the mix.
"I think Louisville might throw an offer at me," Spencer said. "I want Kansas State to offer me too."
Cincinnati, Maryland, Seton Hall, Temple and USC are already involved, and he will trip to Auburn in mid-August. He said Louisville has been talking to him most frequently.
"I'm not really sure what I'm going to do yet," Spencer said. "I have a long way to go with my decision."


text:
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Item Discontinued
I created this fun, sweet card for an upcoming baby shower. The silk rosette and fuschia yarn trim is a baby headband that slides off the card. I made it to incorporate as an embellishment on the card. For all the details & additional photos, please visit me on my blog at www.curlyqmosaics.blogspot.com.
To check out the Twisted Card Sketch, be sure to head on over to www.twistedsketches.com. Such fabulous inspiration, you will be glad you did! :)
$4.99 $3.49
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$3.99 $2.79


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Lot 240: Africa.- Harris (William Cornwallis), The Wild Sports of Southern Africa, 1844.
Important Books, Western Manuscripts and Works on Paper: Day Two
by Forum Auctions
November 16, 2016
London, United KingdomLive Auction
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: Africa.- Harris (William Cornwallis) The Wild Sports of Southern Africa, fourth edition, additional hand-coloured lithographed pictorial title and 25 hand-coloured lithographed plates, folding lithographed map with route in red, 6pp. advertisements at end, contemporary ink inscription on verso of title, some pencil annotations, spotting and soiling to some plates, bookplate of Lt.-Col. H.F. Stoneham, contemporary half calf, rubbed, [Czech p.71], 8vo, 1844.
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On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Investigate deadly train accidents and join safety experts as they test crash prevention technology. Wednesday, February 22 at 9 PM
The GHSA state championships for football are right around the corner. There are 16 teams left on the road to the Georgia Dome and by late Saturday night all eight champions for 2016 will be... MORE
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Unit 32 Villa on the Murray
Townhouse, Echuca
Rated 5 out of 5 stars 3 reviews
Confirmation within 24hr
From $700 per night {{quote.pricing.message}} Total {{quote.pricing.price | format:'currency':'short'}} for
Min 2 - 4 nights stay
Relax and unwind in the beautiful surrounds with this fully furnished resort style townhouse located directly on the Murray River waterfront.
Accommodation consists of Master bedroom with queen size bed and ensuite, two separate bedrooms with queen size beds and an adjacent shared bathroom with bath and a large bunkroom with two sets of single bunks and the option of two extra singles if required.
The Lounge/Dining area has a modular suite, flat screen TV, DVD player, gas log fire and table to seat 12 people whilst enjoying the panoramic views of the magnificent Murray.
The fully equipped kitchen has European appliances including a dishwasher and walk through pantry.
An additional living zone is adjacent to bunkroom with leather couch, TV and DVD player with powder room adjacent.
The property has ducted heating and cooling throughout.
The large outdoor deck houses an 8 seater heated spa and a BBQ, overlooking the river.
Surrounded by lawn and with a large grassed area with beautiful river gums between the house and the riverfront, it is a short stroll to the communal swimming pool to relax and unwind or the tennis court to hit a few balls. The Deep Creek Marina Hotel is adjacent to the property also.
There is a two car lock up garage with an additional two spaces in driveway and offsite parking for additional vehicles in an overflow carpark a short walk away.
A public boat ramp nearby is easily accessible and boats can be moored directly in front of the house on community land.
Located a 15 minute drive to Echuca/Moama along Perricoota Road and approximately 3 hours to Melbourne, with wineries, golf courses and many restaurants and clubs 10 minutes away, the peaceful surrounds of this property are perfect for short break or long weekend.
Note: Quoted price is for maximum 10 people. Additional charge of $40 per person per night applies for groups over 10.
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If I have to wish something that too once, I would have asked to stop the periods and still the world continues.
Continue Reading On Next Page
Menstruation plays an important role in woman's life. When you menstruate, your body sheds the lining of the uterus(womb). Menstrual blood flows from the uterus through the small opening in the cervix and passes out of the body through the vagina.
Some maybe don't have any problems but there's still those who have difficult times when this happen.
Here are five conditions to raise awareness when experiencing abnormal menstrual periods.
Irregular periods are the main cause of the problems.
Here, are five conditions which you must know...
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Tag: FLARE
Cover Antics: Elisha Cuthbert's punchy fuchsia lip
Wed, 1 June 2011 10:15AM
When I stumbled across Vogue Italia's beauty supplement cover a few weeks back, Primps, I was in love. The glossy pink lip + black winged eye liner makeup combo was immaculate. Can't remember this wonderful makeup I speak of? No? Then here's a snapsie to refresh your memory: But then I spotted the July issue of Canada's… more


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|5 reviews in total
It's not often I find a Three Stooges short really awful, but this one
Basically, much of it is just tormenting Shemp, stupid or mean-spirited stuff more than slapstick. The main guest actor, Matt McHugh as "Claude" was annoying, too, pretending to be a doctor which just added more sadism against poor Shemp.
The only intriguing part was near the end when they kept showing some guy peeping in back of bushes while the boys were packing this old 1930s car, and at the end we find out what he was about, giving the short at least a decent ending.
Pardon My Clutch (1948) stars Moe, Larry and Shemp. Shemp is sick and
a vacation. So they buy a "Columbus" from their friend,
What happens? You'll just have to see it yourself!
(Shemp faints) Moe: He's fainted! Get him a glass of water! Shemp: No, champagne.
Claude: It's a Columbus. Shemp: Never mind who you bought it from, what is it?
I love this stooge short. It is definitely one of my favorites! It's shown on American Movie Classics or you can buy it on Columbia Home Video.
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
"Pardon My Clutch" is a mildly amusing Three Stooges short directed by
Edward Bernds. Shemp needs plenty of rest and relaxation to quiet his
nerves, so the Stooges' friend Claude (Matt McHugh) suggests a camping
Highlights: Character actor Emil Sitka is wonderful at the end of this film portraying an escaped lunatic. Moe attaches a string from Shemp's bad tooth to a doorknob, but he winds up extracting the knob, after which Moe tosses it away and it smacks Claude in the face. The Stooges practice setting up a tent in their house, but they tie it off in some unwise places, and it collapses when a door opens. Shemp is required to "take two pills and skip an hour", but Larry and Moe misinterpret that to mean skipping a rope. More chaos is on the way as the Stooges attempt to replace a flat tire.
"Pardon My Clutch" is not a hilarious Stooge film, but it's still pretty good. I would probably give it a "B+".
This is not the most memorable of the Stooges' shorts, but it's still a Stooges' short, and therefore worthy of consideration (and certainly worth watching too). There are some lags, such as when the Stooges set up camp in their living room as a "dry run" for their impending camping trip. Of course, once again Shemp is ailing, so good old Cousin Claud is called onto the scene (the guy's a certified quack, but what the hell?, he works cheap). I have to wonder at the inordinate number of times Shemp had to play an ailing character in these shorts; could it be all the negative karma so generated that caused Shemp's early death in real life? If you believe in stuff like that, you most certainly would have to wonder. By the way, there is one good bit during the "living room camping" scene; it involves Larry shouting to Moe, "Foither! Foither!," and getting a crossbeam shoved into his face for his effort. Claud is annoying as hell, so when he gets stuck at the end of the film (with the Columbus), good feelings ensue. There's also the tiresome "You idiot, I meant skip taking the pills, not skip rope!" gag thrown in, but the service station scene (with the confusion over the ownership of a certain tire) more than makes up for it. The very best of the film occurs at the very end: first you have Shemp saying, "Wait, I'm hungry too!", and then you have Larry saying, "Well, what's wrong with that?". I'm telling you, those precious seconds at the very end are more than worth sitting through the first twenty minutes! And, all seriousness aside, those twenty minutes aren't really all that bad, really they're not! Watch this flick!
The Three Stooges has always been some of the many actors that I have
loved. I love just about every one of the shorts that they have made. I
love all six of the Stooges (Curly, Shemp, Moe, Larry, Joe, and Curly
Joe)! All of the shorts are hilarious and also star many other great
actors and actresses which a lot of them was in many of the shorts! In
My opinion The Three Stooges is some of the greatest actors ever and is
the all time funniest comedy team!
One of My favorite Stooges shorts with Shemp none other than Parden My Clutch! All appearing in this short are Emil Sitka, Stanley Blystone, George Lloyd, Alyn Lockwood, Wanda Perry, Doris Revier! There are so many funny parts here. This is a very hilarious short. There is another similar Three Stooges short like this one called Wam Bam Slam and I recommend both!
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Doc Savage: The Jade Ogre
Hardcover, 420 Pages
Price: $34.95
Prints in 3-5 business days
A desperate plea for help plunges Doc Savage into a maelstrom of horror aboard the Hong Kong-bound liner Mandarin, where the depraved minions of the phantom predator, Quon, hold sway. As innocent passengers succumb to the insidious Jade Fever, and ghostly talons pursue Doc's beautiful cousin, Patricia, the mighty Man of Bronze races to solve a riddle that defies reason. For deep in the spider-haunted ruins of faraway Cambodia broods a twisted, armless gargoyle with a cold face of jade––The Jade Ogre––whose power to project his deadly, disembodied arms to any place on earth makes him the most dangerous foe Doc Savage has ever confronted!
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Product Details
- Copyright
- Standard Copyright License
- Publisher
- Altus Press
- Published
- November 22, 2015
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 420
- Binding
- Hardcover (dust-jacket)
- Interior Ink
- Black & white
- Weight
- 1.4 lbs.
- Dimensions (inches)
- 6 wide x 9 tall
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Migas Lite for 2
Total Time
Prep 10 mins
Cook 10 mins
So much Tex-Mex food calls for lots of oil and high fat foods. This was a recipe that I found on a pack of corn tortillas. I adjusted the recipe and this is the end result. Hope you enjoy! Update: 05/23/3009: This recipe was submitted to TOH and was published in the 2009 version of The Best of County Cooking. It is also on the TOH website: http://www.tasteofhome.com/recipes/Tex-Mex-Scramble.
Ingredients Nutrition
- 4 teaspoons olive oil, divided
- 3 corn tortillas, cut in strips
- 1⁄2 small onion, chopped
- 1 raw jalapeno pepper, seeded and diced
- 1 small plum tomato, diced
- 1 cup egg substitute
- 2 ounces left over shredded pork or 2 ounces beef roast
- salt and pepper
- 1⁄4 cup reduced-fat monterey jack cheese or 1⁄4 cup cheddar cheese, grated
- salsa
- avocado, slices
- Warm oil in skillet.
- Add tortilla strips and fry until lightly golden but not crisp.
- Add the onion and jalapeno and cook for 2 minutes, additional oil may be needed.
- Add tomato and cook and additional 2 minutes.
- Add egg substitute and shredded meat; cook until almost set, stirring occasionally, season with salt and pepper to taste.
- Sprinkle cheese on top of the egg mixture, cover, turn off heat and allow to sit until cheese melts.
- Serve topped with your favoriate salsa, avocado slices and additional corn tortillas if desired.
Most Helpful
Flavor explosion! I did add 1 garlic clove. I used 3 eggs which equaled 3/4 cup in place of the substitute. I added cooked chorizo. Topped with Recipe #239431, fresh sliced avocado, Recipe #355185 and enjoyed a cup of and Recipe #334139. WT 5 Thanks
This made a delightful Sunday Breakfast! I subbed 4 extra-large eggs in place of the egg substitute and topped it with a bit of cilantro. Served alongside a cup of Mexican Coffee we were energized to start the day! Viva Las Reynas! Made for ZWT . Thanks Paula.
After learning your recipe was published I had to try it to celebrate for you. I wasn't disappointed, but I never am with your recipes. This was easy to put together, utilized leftover roast, and best of all was a flavorful breakfast. Way to go PaulaG! =)


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Sew it All TV 13 Days of Giveaways – Day 8
Thank you all for participating in yesterday's giveaway and sharing with us your favorite home-dec projects to sew! Yesterday's winner is Judith Martinez! Congratulations, please email email@example.com with your mailing address to receive Trendy Treatments: Sterling Valance Pattern with instructional DVD included … Continue reading
Posted in Sew it All TV 13 Days of Giveaways Tagged free, free sewing prize, home decor, katrina walker, prize, sewing, silk, stabilizer, sue hausmann, Sulky, table runner 58 Comments


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BlackBerry App
This project is now closed with a project budget of $100 - $150 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$100 - $150 USD
Project Description
Simple BB App
App should have following features:
- Starting of the app
- Take photo using camera or load from photo library
- put the SpeechBubble into picture
- need free moving of speechbubble on picture, scale and rotate also
- putting the text into the picture, scale and rotate and choosing text color needed also
- Share picture via FB and TW
all graphic materials will be provided,
iphone version of it done, will be provide the video with working iphone app
Skills Required
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- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
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text:
The Celtic World.
CUNLIFFE, Barry.
Place Published: New York
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Date Published: 1979
Description: Many Illus., some in color. 224pp. 4to, green cloth, d.w. lightly soiled. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.Jacket: Y
Binding: hardcover
Condition: very good
Language: English
Type: Books
Book ID: 243498
By This Author: CUNLIFFE, Barry.
By This Publisher: McGraw-Hill


text:
3M Red Buffer PadsFloor & Carpet Cleaner Accessories
17" Diameter - Polyester Fiber - Red - 5/ Pack - View Complete Details
Product Number: MMM08392
In Stock - Hurry, only 124 left.
Estimated Delivery - 1 business day(s) - Thu 2/23 2 business days - Fri 2/24
Free Returns - Return this item free of charge. View Details.
Shipping - This item is eligible for Free Shipping on orders over $45
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Product Details
Made in America
This product was manufactured in the United States.
3M Red Buffer Pads - Buffer pads are specially designed for spray cleaning or dry buffing during floor maintenance. Use with rotary or automatic equipment with low speeds from 175 to 600 RPM. Each Red Buffer Pad 1500 cleans when damp and buffs when dry. 17 diameter pads quickly clean and remove scuff marks while polishing floor to a high gloss. Polyester fibers offer an open, textured, nonwoven construction. Cleaning and polishing abrasive particles are dispersed throughout the nonwoven construction and bonded with a durable adhesive."
- Use for everyday cleaning and light scrubbing under automatic and rotary floor machines.
- Removes soil, scratches, scuff marks, and black heel marks to enhance appearance.
- Open web construction resists loading and clogging.
- Uniform resin coating throughout the web delivers high performance over the life of the pad.
- Can also be used with a swing machine for spray buffing and cleaning.
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After the deadliest terrorist attack on American soil on September 11, 2001, the 107th Congress passed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act on November 19, 2001, and established the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to oversee all modes of transportation, including air travel. Subsequently, after a liquid explosives threat in 2006, the restrictions further tightened so that travelers could carry liquids onto airplanes only in conformance with the "3-1-1 liquids rule," ie, in containers no larger than 3.4 ounces (100 mL) in a 1-quart plastic bag. Then in 2010, after the attempted bombing of a flight from Amsterdam to Detroit, the Explosives Trace Detection Test (ETDT) was implemented, a screening process that involves "swabbing" for explosive materials. The TSA prohibits items on airplanes such as explosives and/or flammables, firearms, food items, self-defense items, sharp objects, sporting goods, and tools; however, items of all types are subject to scrutiny. The final decision whether to allow an item onto an airplane rests with the individual TSA agent.1
Zarbo A, Ouerfelli O, Klang M, Lacouture ME. Increased Airport Scrutiny by the Transportation Security Administration of a Patient-Passenger Carrying Ammonium Lactate–Containing Moisturizer. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(9):1054-1055. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2665
© 2017


text:
Alessi's sleek stainless steel stovetop Coffee.It Espresso Coffee Maker, designed by Dutch architect Wiel Arets, comes in two sizes and has a magnetic base for use with induction stoves. $225 for the three-cup and $260 for the six-cup at Y Lighting.
EXPLORE MORE:Issue 37 : Kitchen Storage, Kitchens, Appliances, Coffee & Tea, Kitchens


text:
Volunteers of the Wichita Asian Association organize the annual Wichita Asian Festival to present the best of the Asian culture to the public. Attendees will enjoy art, traditional outfits, performances and food representing many Asian countries. Last year, more than 7,000 attended the long-running event that traditionally takes place in October at the Century II Convention Hall.
The Wichita Asian Festival is the only time and place in Wichita you can taste authentic food from as many as 15 Asian countries under one roof. The festival is free but bring cash for food and merchandise booths. A $5 program book supports the festival and offers coupons for the vendor area.
For more details about the 36th annual Asian Festival see our calendar listing.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 5, 1987
|Filing date
|Nov 21, 1985
|Priority date
|Nov 21, 1985
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Kenneth J. Hoffer
|Original Assignee
|Hoffer Kenneth J
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (24), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to intraocular lenses and, more particularly, to a posterior chamber lens for implantation following extracapsular cataract extraction.
For various reasons, the natural lens of a human eye can sometimes become clouded and obstruct the passage of light. This clouding of the lens is known as a cataract and generally worsens with the passage of time. Often times, the cataract becomes so severe that the passage of light through the lens is completely blocked, and the person afflicted with this condition eventually is unable to see. In such instances, it is usually necessary to surgically remove the cataract and replace the natural lens with an artificial intraocular lens to restore vision.
To remove the cataract, a form of surgery known as extracapsular cataract extraction commonly is used. This surgery involves making an incision in the front wall of the eye into the anterior chamber. The pupil is dilated to give access to the posterior chamber where the natural lens is situated. The surgeon then opens the anterior capsule or front wall of the natural human lens and removes the clouded lens nucleus by various known techniques, such as expression or phacoemulsification. The transparent posterior capsule or rear wall of the lens is left intact and, depending upon one's surgical techniques, some peripheral portions of the anterior capsule known as the annular capsular flaps also are left intact. An intraocular lens may then be implanted in the posterior chamber to replace the natural lens and restore vision.
Extracapsular surgery generally has been preferred over other surgical techniques for cataract removal primarily because the intact posterior capsule serves several beneficial functions. For example, the posterior capsule acts as a barrier to the migration of vitreous humor from its normal position behind the lens. The posterior capsule also reduces the chance of developing a condition known as cystoid macula edema, which is a swelling of the macula of the retina. This condition occurs when certain enzymes are released from the iris and migrate through the vitreous humor back to the macula to cause undesirable swelling. Leaving the posterior capsule intact substantially prevents these problems.
While the extracapsular form of surgery has many advantages, there are some problems associated with it. For example, after the clouded lens material is removed, the surgeon typically will scrape or "polish" the posterior capsule to remove as much of the lens material as possible. However, it is virtually impossible to completely remove all the living lens cells from the capsule, and, as time goes by, the remaining cells continue to reproduce and grow, forming a glistening, bubbly, vision-impairing material known as Elschnig's pearls. Another vision-impairing phenemenon, known as fibrosis, occurs when remnant lens fibers on the posterior capsule create opacities which block the passage of light to the retina and cause partial or complete opacification of the capsule. Other potential problems include pigmentary or inflamatory deposits on the posterior capsule, and wrinkling or corrugating of the capsule.
When vision impairment from Elschnig's pearls, fibrosis or other causes is present, it is usually necessary to perform a surgical procedure to open or remove part of the clouded posterior capsule to restore proper vision. The surgical procedure is commonly referred to as a discission or secondary capsulotomy. For many years, discissions have been performed with a laser, such as a neodymium-YAG laser. Laser discissions are now widely used and accepted, primarily because they are relatively safe and effective, and, importantly, they do not require an invasive surgical procedure to open the capsule. The former technique of opening or removing part of the clouded posterior capsule, which has been substantially displaced by the laser technique, involves making an incision in the eye and inserting a needle or other mechanical instrument to tear open the clouded capsule. The primary advantages of the non-invasive nature of the laser discission are that the risks of infection and other complications are reduced, and the procedure can be performed in a few minutes in a doctor's office, instead of in a hospital operating room.
In performing a laser discission, the laser beam is focused on the clouded posterior capsule and the beam is pulsed to sufficiently open the clouded capsule. One of the problems associated with laser discissions is the possible damage to the implanted lens. After implantation, the rear surface of the intraocular lens usually is in intimate contact with the posterior capsule. When the laser beam is focused and pulsed, an explosion occurs at the focused area creating a "sphere of explosion." If the sphere of explosion encompasses the intraocular lens, the lens can sustain damage in the form of vision-impairing pits or cracks. This undesirable lens damage can occur even when the laser beam is properly focused, due to the intimate contact between the lens and posterior capsule. It is therefore advantageous to provide a spacing between the capsule and the implanted lens to position the rear surface of the lens outside the laser beam's sphere of explosion.
Several intraocular lenses have been designed to provide such spacing and prevent damage to the intraocular lens during laser discissions. The pioneer lens in the field is that shown in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 31,626. This lens has a generally annular lip or ridge projecting rearwardly from the posterior surface of the lens, for contacting the posterior capsule and spacing the surface away from the lens. Another lens, shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,359, has a rear lens surface that is concavely formed to space the central rear surface of the lens away from the posterior capsule. Still another lens, shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,485,499, has a pair of support loops or risers formed separately from the lens, with each riser attached at its extremities to the posterior surface of the lens to space the lens from the posterior capsule.
The present invention is intended to enable another approach for spacing the rear surface of the lens from the posterior capsule which is particularly suited to low cost manufacture and reduced weight.
The present invention provides an intraocular lens for implantation in the posterior chamber of an eye, in a position spaced from the posterior capsule, to permit a laser discission to be performed without damaging the lens. The lens comprises a lens body and a pair of resilient lens centering strands or haptics emerging from the lens body. In accordance with the invention, the strands curve behind and underneath the lens body for contacting the posterior capsule and spacing it from the lens body, with the strands then curving outwardly and engaging eye tissue. This space provided by the strands advantageously prevents damage to the lens body when performing a discission with a laser. The intraocular lens of the present invention furthermore is intended to be simple in design, relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and reliable in use.
The lens body may be of varying shapes, and a lens body having a substantially planar rear surface, a convex front surface and a peripheral side edge may be used. The resilient lens centering strands each have a base end connected to the lens body and a curved free end for engaging eye tissue and centering the lens in the eye. Between its two ends, each strand curves in a generally spiral manner underneath and behind the lens to space the lens from the posterior capsule after implantation in the posterior chamber.
More particularly, the lens centering strand has a first portion connected to the lens body and projecting outwardly a short distance therefrom, and a second portion connected to the first portion that curves rearwardly and radially inwardly behind and underneath the rear surface of the lens in a substantially spiral manner. The strand further has a third portion connected to the second portion that curves radially outwardly from underneath the lens and flattens out into a straight leg portion extending a sufficient distance to engage eye tissue The first portion, second portion and third portion are integrally connected to form a continuous, homogenous strand. The strands preferably are located on diametrically opposed sides of the lens body and both curve in the same direction, that is, in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
In a second embodiment of the lens, the first portion of the strand, when emerging from the lens body in a radially outward curvature, also curves forwardly of the lens body before joining the second portion, which curves rearwardly behind and underneath the rear surface of the lens in the manner described above.
The configuration of the lens strands advantageously spaces the rear surface of the lens from the posterior capsule after implantation of the lens following extracapsular cataract extraction. Thus, when performing a discission with a laser, the lens is spaced sufficiently outside the sphere of explosion created when the laser beam is properly focused on the posterior capsule and pulsed to open the clouded lens tissue. The spiral configuration of the strands in contact with the posterior capsule also provides a sufficient base to stabilize the lens against the posterior capsule, thus preventing possible tilting of an edge of the lens against the posterior capsule. A further significant advantage of the lens is that it has a simple design which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture. Thus, expensive lens molds and other costly manufacturing techniques, such as affixing risers or spacers to the rear face of the lens body, are avoided.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention. In such drawings:
FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention, showing lens centering strands curving underneath and behind a lens body;
FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the lens of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the lens, taken substantially along line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the lens, taken substantially along line 4--4 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view through a portion of a human eye, showing the lens implanted following extracapsular cataract extraction; and
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the lens, in which the strands curve forwardly before curving rearwardly behind and underneath the lens.
As shown in the accompanying drawings, the present invention is embodied in an intraocular lens 10 for implantation in a human eye 12. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the lens has a lens body 14 and a pair of strands 16 for centering the lens in the eye upon implantation after extracapsular cataract extraction. As described further below, the strands also function to space the lens from the eye's posterior capsule 18 and prevent damage to the lens body while performing a laser discission. The lens of this invention is intended to be simple in design, relatively inexpensive to manufacture, and reliable in use.
As shown best in FIGS. 3-4, the lens body 14 is plano-convex in diametric cross-section, having a substantially planar rear or posterior surface 20 and a convex forward or anterior surface 22. The peripheral configuration of the lens body is substantially circular, as defined by the continuous peripheral side edge 24 of the lens body, which is perpendicular to the rear planar surface of the lens. The optical corrective zone of the lens 10 is located in a central region 26 of the lens body. While the peripheral side edge of the lens body is shown as circular and the cross-section as plano-convex, any other desirable lens body configuration may be selected, and those shown are for purposes of illustration only.
The lens body 14 preferably is formed of transparent polymeric materials and the like suitable for lathe turning or molding by injection, compression or cast molding techniques. Materials suitable for this purpose include polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate, an example being that sold commercially under the trademark PERSPEX CQ.
The two lens centering strands or haptics 16 project from diametrically opposed edge portions 24 of the lens body 14. As described in conjunction with FIG. 5 below, the strands function to center and retain the lens 10 within the eye's posterior chamber 28 and to space the rear surface 20 of the lens body from the posterior capsule 18. The strands each have a base end 30 for connection to the lens body and a free end 32 for engaging eye tissue. The base end preferably is attached to the side edge 24 of the lens body so as to create as little interference as possible with the lens body. This may be accomplished by providing a bore 34 in the lens body by drilling or molding techniques, and inserting the base end of the strand into the bore. The inserted strand then may be permanently or removably secured within the bore by known adhesive, thermal or mechanical means. Alternatively, the strands and lens body may comprise a one-piece construction.
Material for constructing the strands 16 should have elastic properties so that the strands will return to a normal extended position after deformation, as best shown in FIG. 2. Thus, after deformation of the strands for implantation of the lens 10 in the eye 12 with an appropriate surgical instrument, the strands will be released by the instrument and tend to return to their normal extended position. Before the strands reach a fully extended position, however, they will engage eye tissue in the area of the ciliary sulcus 36 or capsular bag 38 (FIG. 5). Engagement with the eye tissue in this manner prevents the strands from fully extending and, therefore, the strands apply sufficient pressure to securely center and retain the lens within the eye. The strands preferably are formed of polypropylene, such as that sold commercially under the trademark PROLENE, or other suitable materials. The diameter of the strands may be on the order of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. If more than two strands are used, then a reduced strand diameter may be employed.
In accordance with the invention, the configuration of the strands 16 not only centers the lens 10 within the eye 12 as described above, but also advantageously provides a space 40 between the rear surface 20 of the lens body 14 and the posterior capsule 18, as best shown in FIG. 5. This space is especially useful when performing discissions or secondary posterior capsulotomies with a laser, because it provides a margin of safety by sufficiently spacing the lens body outside the sphere of explosion when the laser beam is properly focused on the clouded posterior capsule. This spacing prevents pitting and cracking of the lens body and other similar laser damage when the laser beam is pulsed to open the capsule.
More particularly, a first portion 41 at the base end 30 the strand 16 is connected to and extends radially outwardly a short distance from the peripheral edge 24 of the lens body 14 in a plane substantially parallel to the planar rear surface 20 of the lens body. The strand then includes a second portion 42 connected to the first portion that abruptly curves rearwardly and radially inwardly, in a substantially spiral manner, behind and underneath the rear surface. The strand curves in this fashion until it completes substantially a half circle and is at its most radially-inward point 43. At this most radially-inward point, however, the strands should not interfere with the optical corrective zone 26 of the lens body. Beyond this point 43, the second portion continues its circular curvature behind and underneath the rear surface, but now extending forwardly and radially outwardly until reaching the peripheral edge of the lens body. At this point, the strand gradually flattens out into a third substantially straight leg portion 44 extending away from the lens body and generally parallel to the planar rear surface. The strand terminates in the free end 32, preceded by a substantially curved or arched configuration of the third portion 44 for engaging eye tissue. The free end preferably is curved slightly back toward the lens body to prevent the strand end from pointing or jabbing against delicate eye tissue in the area where the lens 10 is implanted.
A significant feature of the strands 16 is their configuration behind and underneath the rear surface 20 of the lens body 14. This configuration is substantially spiral, thus providing a spring-like spacer between the rear surface and posterior capsule 18.
In a second preferred embodiment of the lens 10, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the first portion 41 of each strand 16 extends forwardly and radially outwardly a short distance from the peripheral edge 24 of the lens body 14, instead of extending in a plane substantially parallel to the planar rear surface 20 as in the first preferred embodiment (FIGS. 1-4). Thereafter the strand abruptly curves rearwardly and radially inwardly, in a substantially spiral configuration, behind and underneath the rear surface, as in the first embodiment. This second embodiment generally provides the same advantages as the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 illustrates the lens 10 of the present invention after it has been implanted in the human eye 12, in the posterior chamber 28 behind the eye's iris 46. The cataract has been extracted from the natural lens by extracapsular cataract extraction, leaving the intact posterior capsule 18 and an annular flap portion 48 of the extracted anterior capsule. The remaining portion of the natural lens capsule (i.e., the posterior capsule and annular flap portion) is connected to the ciliary muscle 50 of the eye through suspensory ligaments or zonules 52. It is noted that the posterior capsule prevents vitreous humor 54 located behind the posterior capsule from migrating forward.
The lens 10 may be implanted in the posterior chamber 28 through an incision in the periphery of the cornea 56 near the region of the angle 58 of the eye 12. The eye's pupil 60 preferably is dilated to facilitate access to the posterior chamber, with the free end 32 of one of the strands 16 inserted into the capsular bag 38 formed by the posterior capsule 18 and annular flaps 48, or, alternatively, in the region of the ciliary sulcus 36. The other strand may therafter be deformed and guided into place in the capsular bag or ciliary sulcus on a diametrically opposed side from the first-inserted strand. After implantation, the strands should be in a condition slightly compressed or deformed from their normal extended position to thereby maintain the lens body 14 in a correctly centered position within the posterior chamber. In this regard, the size of the lens body and length of the strands should be selected accordingly, in relation to the dimension of the patient's eye, to properly achieve the desired centering and fixation of the lens body.
Since the strands 16 curve behind and underneath the planar rear surface 20 of the lens body 14, upon implantation the strands will contact the posterior capsule 18 and create the space 40 between the posterior capsule and rear surface. This space advantageously positions the lens body outside the sphere of explosion created when the laser beam is pulsed to perform a discission or secondary capsulotomy of the posterior capsule. The precise amount of spacing between the rear surface of the lens body and the posterior capsule can vary, and a spacing of approximately 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm has been found sufficient to prevent damage to the lens body when the laser beam is properly focused on the posterior capsule. To achieve the desired spacing, the strand thickness and the coil diameter of the spring-like spacer portion of the strand can be selectively adjusted to create a sufficient spring-like force for urging the posterior capsule away from the rear surface. Thus, potential damage to the lens body by the laser explosion, typically in the form of lens pitting or cracking, is eliminated.
An additional advantage provided by the lens 10 of this invention is that the substantially spiral configuration of the strands 16 behind and underneath the lens body 14 provides a sufficient base area of contact with the posterior capsule 18 to securely stablize the lens against the posterior capsule. Thus, possible tilting of an edge 24 or rotation of the lens body against the posterior capsule is prevented.
Another significant advantage is that the lens 10 is simple and relatively inexpensive to manufacture. The lens comprises only the lens body 14 and the strands 16, and the formation and assemblage of these parts is relatively simple. Thus, expensive lens molds and complex lathe turning techniques are eliminated. Moreover, additional complicated and time consuming procedures to affix separate spacers or risers to the rear surface of the lens body are avoided.
While a particular form of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 22, 1982
|Dec 4, 1984
|Castleman Lawrence D
|Intraocular posterior chamber lens
|Aug 4, 1983
|Mar 18, 1986
|Herrick Robert S
|Intraocular lens having loops defining a posterior capsule barrier
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 26, 1987
|Dec 13, 1988
|Woods Randall L
|Intraocular lens implant having eye focusing capabilities
|Jul 3, 1990
|Sep 15, 1992
|Allergan, Inc.
|Intraocular lens and method for making same
|Jan 23, 1992
|Nov 16, 1993
|Allergan, Inc.
|Methods for attaching fixation members to optics of intraocular lenses
|Jul 6, 1993
|Sep 6, 1994
|Allergan, Inc.
|Intraocular lenses, fixation member assemblies and methods for making same
|Oct 27, 1993
|Jun 13, 1995
|Allergan, Inc.
|Intraocular lenses and methods for producing same
|Mar 28, 1995
|Jun 18, 1996
|Allergan, Inc.
|Intraocular lenses and methods for producing same
|May 26, 1994
|Oct 22, 1996
|Allergan, Inc.
|Method of producing repositionable intraocular lenses
|Jun 14, 1993
|Nov 5, 1996
|IOL structured for post-operative re-positioning and method for post-operative IOL re-positioning
|May 31, 1995
|Apr 20, 1999
|Intraocular lenses and methods for producing same
|Jan 21, 1997
|May 11, 1999
|IOLs and production methods for same
|Oct 9, 1997
|Apr 25, 2000
|Tran; Duc Q.
|IOLs with improved fixation strengths for fixation members
|Jan 6, 1999
|Oct 31, 2000
|Intraocular lenses and methods for producing same
|Dec 30, 1998
|Dec 5, 2000
|IOLs and production methods for same
|Jul 15, 2013
|Apr 21, 2015
|Abbott Medical Optics Inc.
|Accommodating intraocular lenses
|Oct 2, 2012
|May 26, 2015
|Abbott Medical Optics Inc.
|Pre-stressed haptic for accommodating intraocular lens
|Jul 7, 2006
|Dec 1, 2015
|Abbott Medical Optics Inc.
|Intraocular lens implant having posterior bendable optic
|Feb 16, 2010
|Mar 1, 2016
|Abbott Medical Optics Inc.
|Accommodating intraocular lens and method of manufacture thereof
|Dec 16, 2013
|Mar 15, 2016
|Incept Llc
|Vascular device for emboli, thrombus and foreign body removal and methods of use
|Nov 4, 2013
|Jun 7, 2016
|Visioncare Ophthalmic Technologies Inc.
|Method and apparatus for preparation and insertion of an intraocular lens into the eye of a patient
|Mar 8, 2011
|Sep 20, 2016
|Abbott Medical Optics Inc.
|Capsular membrane implants to increase accommodative amplitude
|Mar 6, 2012
|Nov 22, 2016
|Visiogen, Inc.
|Injector for intraocular lens system
|Dec 21, 2012
|Nov 29, 2016
|Abbott Medical Optics Inc.
|Accommodating intraocular lens with outer support structure
|Nov 4, 2013
|May 7, 2015
|Visioncare Ophthalmic Technologies Inc.
|Method and apparatus for preparation and insertion of an intraocular lens into the eye of a patient
|May 22, 1992
|Nov 26, 1992
|Helmut Binder
|Intraocular artificial lens and process for producing the same
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 22, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 26, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 5, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Northern Virginia, Community College All Campuses, VA United States
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De Anza College Cupertino, CA United States
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Purdue University - West, Lafayette West Lafayette, IN United States
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Rutgers - State University of, New Jersey New Brunswick, NJ United States
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I'm 18 years old and I'm a ricer! Feel free to ask questions about my build! Some mods are Function Form Coilovers Type 1's, Work Ryvers, front and rear lips...
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Nguyen Tat Cuong, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam, Public Health.
Thanh Nguyen Tat
Thanh Nguyen Tat, Hiroshima University, Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Japan, Computational Physics, Medical Physics
Nguyen Tat Thang
Nguyen Tat Thang, Hanyang University, Department of Nuclear Engineering, South Korea, Public Health, Epidemiology and Internal Medicine
Seri Nguyen
Valeri Nguyen
Diem Nguyen
Kim-Thanh Nguyen
Thanh Nguyen
Thanh Nguyen
Thanh Nguyen
Nguyen Thanh-Loan
Nguyen Thanh Luan
Thanh Nguyen Thu
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