text:
Lang M.J.,Mersen |
Jones K.,Project Integration Inc.
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications | Year: 2012
Recent testing with various electrode configurations and insulating barriers suggests that 250-V equipment omitted from arc flash hazard analyses has the potential for burn injury. Research into the sustainability of arcs at these voltages shows that assumptions about the magnitude of these hazards need to be revised. This research enhanced the work of previous efforts by focusing on the sustainability of arcs with fault currents lower than 10 kA. Gap lengths between electrodes, electrode shape, electrode material, and voltage variations are studied for their effects on arc sustainability. A modified barrier design representative of the space around panelboard bus bars is also studied. © 2011 IEEE. Source
Walsh P.R.,Mersen |
Price M.M.,American Electric Power
IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop | Year: 2016
Mitigation of arc flash incident energy is important to increase safety. One method is to reduce the duration of the arc flash by using protective relays to sense an arc flash fault. This method requires a supply-side overcurrent protective device that will respond to the protective relaying fast enough to mitigate the incident energy. In many existing installations, MV transformer primary fuses are already installed to provide transformer protection. Before the development of a MV controllable fuse, the MV fuse would have to be replaced with a MV circuit breaker or circuit switcher to have relay control of the MV protective device. This replacement would have significant equipment/construction costs and would require extensive equipment outage time. The MV controllable fuse method uses the existing fusegear protecting the primary side of the transformer. The protective relaying senses the arc fault and signals the controllable fuse to change to a faster acting timecurrent response. Incident energies can be reduced from 200 Cal/cm2 to below 8 Cal/cm2 on the transformer secondary. This paper reviews an installation using a MV controllable fuse to mitigate the incident energy on the equipment connected to the transformer secondary. © 2016 IEEE. Source
Catlett R.,ABB |
Lang M.,Mersen |
Scala S.,Superior Power Products
IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop | Year: 2016
As industry pursues safer workplaces with arc flash mitigation programs, they face major challenges in effectively reducing incident energies on the secondary of medium voltage to low voltage (MV-LV) transformers. When an arc fault occurs on the transformer secondary, primary currents can be below the short circuit range of the primary protection. Typical E-rated fuses can take over 2 seconds to clear while high side device 51 relays will have a waiting period before initiating a breaker trip. Solutions that adjust the LV main breaker's (if applied) protective functions for faster response, do not address arc fault issues on the bus connecting this main breaker to the transformer secondary. This paper presents a method of applying a high speed grounding switch (HSGS) at a location between the MV Erated fuse load terminal and the transformer's primary connection. Since the transformer's primary voltage is reduced to zero in milliseconds, the low voltage arc flash event collapses quickly to limit incident energies to less than 1.2 cal/cm2. Applications can include MV-LV transformers up to 5000kVA. © 2016 IEEE. Source
Olmos L.,French National Center for Scientific Research |
Olmos L.,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo |
Chaix J.-M.,French National Center for Scientific Research |
Nadler S.,Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint - Etienne CMP |
And 3 more authors.
Granular Matter | Year: 2016
X-ray microtomography experiments were performed in order to evaluate the densification of silica sand submitted to horizontal sinusoidal vibrations carried out at constant frequency (50 Hz) with controlled acceleration and deceleration Γ. Packing homogeneity was characterized using relative density distribution through 3D images of the relaxed samples. Information obtained from the images allowed us to evaluate data at grain scale: porosity and pore size distribution, number of contacts per particle, particle shape and size distribution were evaluated and linked to the densification process. Based on the internal analysis of samples, the results confirm and extend the conclusions of previous works regarding the 3-layer densification under vibration and the proposed optimized vibration cycle to get dense and homogeneous samples. They extend them to different initial packings. Additionally, significant correlations are found between density and local particle packing characteristics such as pores size distribution, or the number of contacts per particle. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Source
Parametric study of horizontally vibrated grain packings: Comparison between Discrete Element Method and experimental results
Nadler S.,Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint - Etienne CMP |
Bonnefoy O.,Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint - Etienne CMP |
Chaix J.-M.,CNRS Materials Science and Engineering |
Thomas G.,Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint - Etienne CMP |
Gelet J.-L.,Mersen
European Physical Journal E | Year: 2011
Numerical and experimental studies have been undertaken to analyze three parameters controlling the compaction of granular media submitted to sinusoidal horizontal vibrations. We have characterized the influence of the dimensionless acceleration Γ, the geometry of the container and the friction coefficients on the grain velocities and on the packing densities. Above a critical acceleration Γcrit, the velocities increases with Γ. For low values of Γ, the surface layers are compacted, whereas the bottom layers remain at their initial density. For high values of Γ, the bottom layers get compacted, the surface layers are fluidized so that the bulk dynamic and relaxed densities decreased. In the same way, the effect of the dimensions of the container and of the friction coefficients on the packing properties has been studied for given heights of sand, acceleration and frequency. It has been shown that the influence of the two last parameters is similar to that of acceleration. The numerical results given by the Discrete Element Method appear to be in good agreement with experimental results. © EDP Sciences. Source


text:
Discovery Kids: The Universe (Hardcover) Book
What lies beyond our Solar System? What happens when a star dies? Are there any other planets like our own? Since ancient times, humans have searched the skies looking for answers to these and many other questions. Using stunning images and detailed cut-away illustrations, The Universe takes you on a fascinating journey through Space and explores how the Universe was formed, the evolution of stars, our solar system and beyond! This magnificently illustrated edition also examines the spirit of space exploration and how thanks to scientific and technological advances there have been remarkable discoveries - but there is still so much more to uncover. The cut-away illustrations examine the solar system in detail and transport you into space to these vast and distant realms. Embark on this spectacular visual journey, to discover the inspiring phenomena that the Universe has to offer.
- Author: Parragon Books
- Publisher: Parragon Inc
Read MoreLess
More Details
- Dimensions: 10.5 H x 8.5 W x 0.5 D inches
- Format: Hardcover
- Number of Pages: 256 Pages
- Release Date: August 29, 2014
Availability: Backordered
Email me when item is available
In stock items are ready to ship in 5-7 Business Days

subset: commoncrawl


text: I was living in Paris for, like, a year and a half, and I couldn't speak French, so it was just hard to get a baguette or a pastry or whatever. All the stores close at 6 o'clock, and they're not very into hospitality, so it's not a convenient city. It's so pretty, though, but I was raised in Tokyo, so it was hard to understand.


text:
Photo of the Week: Portrait of a Tibetan Entrepreneur
July 23, 2014
In Tibetan settlements across India, young entrepreneurs like Nyima play a key role in preserving Tibetan culture.
Nyima Dhondup, 22, watched many of his Tibetan peers in India leave in search of better opportunities overseas. But with training and support from TechnoServe, Nyima stayed in the Mundgod settlement and launched a cybercafe in his community.
More than 100,000 Tibetan refugees live in settlements across India, where the preservation of Tibetan culture is threatened by widespread unemployment and the out-migration of young Tibetans. As part of our efforts to create sustainable economic opportunities in Tibetan settlements, TechnoServe selected 60 entrepreneurs, including Nyima, to receive intensive business training and mentoring.
Now, Nyima says, "I would like to set up cafes in other settlements, or be able to invest money in other Tibetan businesses."
Learn more about our work with Tibetan entrepreneurs in India.
Related Blog Posts
A Golden Opportunity in Agribusiness
The Cargill Agri-Fellow Program helps rural youth to build successful, agriculture-based livelihoods and create a prosperous future for their farming communities.
Women Cultivate Backyard Bounty
Women in Rajasthan, India, are using kitchen gardens to improve their families' nutrition while redefining their role in the household.
Women-Owned Businesses Provide Clean Water in Nigeria
An innovative retail model is allowing women business leaders like Charity Dangana to sell safe and affordable water in their communities.


text: Hello Lawn Care Professionals, Nice site. I am a 31yr old single male living in SW Virginia. No College degree, but have worked my way up to RF Engineer for a Wireless company making 60k/yr (Computer/Cubicle work). My company just was bought by a larger company, which I don't really like. I expect to stay for 1 more year. With this merger I will be getting $36,632.00 from stock options becoming vested which I would be able to use for the business and have enough in the bank to live for 8months. I would like to advertise throughout next winter and see where I stand w/ customers. With that brief history, my question is this: 1) Do I have a shot w/ no experience except my own lawn and of course while growing up? I would like to take the pesticide exam. I am addicted to reading so I will research my ass off. 2) I have a 2004 F150, which I make payments. Should I invest in a "Work Truck"? 3) Any advice on startup direction? Just mow and don't bother with the pesticide license? Personal experience? 4) SW Virginia has a ton of leaves and would like to invest in a top of the line leaf collecting system (Leaves into the truck). Good idea? Price too high for a good system the first year out. 5) Any advice in what you would do with this money on how to start a Green business please let me know. Thanks


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Defenders marvel
Explore related topics
the defenders + production concept art
Catch Up With The Heroes Of Hell's Kitchen In First Official Images From THE DEFENDERS
Defenders fanmade Poster (by: Camw1n@Instagram/DeviantArt) TheDefenders@Netflix2017|Daredevil/MattMurdock, IronFist, Elektra, ThePunisher, LukeCage, JessicaJones)
Frank Castle/Punisher (Jon Bernthal)
Only a few more days remain until Season 2 of Marvel and Netflix's Daredevil gets released. I'm so pumped to see Jon Bernthal play The Punisher. After a couple of lackluster movies, it will be good to see the character done justice in a medium that allows for the hard rating and good writing he deserves. I'll be making this available at Fan Expo 2016 so keep a look out. Peace!
Daredevil. Jessica Jones. Luke Cage.
Your exclusive first look at Marvel's 'The Defenders' is here!
"You think the four of you can save New York? You can't even save yourselves"
Imagen de jessica jones, Marvel, and netflix
All our faves are mentally ill, but that's okay. It doesn't make them any less heroic.


text:
Alternative Titles
Synonyms: G Senjo Heaven's Door, G Senjou, G Senjo', G Senjou Heavens Door
Japanese: G戦場ヘヴンズドア
Type: Manga
Volumes: 3
Chapters: 18
Status: Finished
Published: 2001
Genres: Seinen
Authors: Nihonbashi, Yowoko (Story & Art)
Serialization: Ikki
Score: 7.391 (scored by 391 users)
1 indicates a weighted score. Please note that 'Not yet published' titles are excluded.
Ranked: #45202
2 based on the top manga page. Please note that 'R18+' titles are excluded.
Popularity: #7245
Members: 859
Favorites: 9


text:
China's top diplomat on first official US visit in Trump eraState Councillor Yang Jiechi will be in Washington for two days beginning today. He will exchange views with senior Trump administration officials on bilateral ties and issues of common concern, said Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lu Kang. Money Control, 2 hours ago
China's Yang to visit US on Monday and Tuesday: Report - Zee News, 6 hours ago
China's top diplomat Yang to visit US this week - India Today, 8 hours ago
4,883 images for yang yang
9th BRICS Summit to be held in Sept in China's Xiamen city
The ninth BRICS Summit will be held in China's Xiamen city from September 3-5, State Councilor Yang Jiechi said today.DNA, 3 days ago BRICS summit's 1st Sherpas Meeting to be held in China DNA, 4 days ago 9th BRICS Summit to be held in China's Xiamen city News on Air, 3 days ago
India, China express commitment for strong ties
Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar on Tuesday held talks China's top diplomat Yang Jiechi during which they expressed strong commitment to develop positive relations despite differences over Beijing's reluctance to support India's Nuclear Suppliers Group bid as well as a United Nations ban on Jaish-e-Mohammed chief Masood Azhar. Jaishankar, who arrived here from Sri Lanka, met Yang, who is the state councillor and Beijing's special representative for border talks between ...Rediff.com, 5 days ago Jaishankar, Yang express strong commitment for Sino-India ties DNA, 5 days ago Jaishankar holds talks with China's top diplomat Business Standard, 5 days ago
Jaishankar meets Chinese official ahead of crucial dialogue
Indian Foreign Secretary S. Jaishankar on Tuesday met Chinese State Councillor Yang Jiechi ahead of the first strategic dialogue between the two sides which is likely to see India raise the issue of China blocking the ban on Pakistani terrorist Masood Azhar, ...Prokerala, 5 days ago Masood Azhar, NSG on agenda as Jaishankar begins China visit Rediff.com, 6 days ago India-China strategic dialogue: Jaishankar must prioritise talks on the bilateral and avoid the P-word First Post.com, 5 days ago China says talks positive, skips reference to NSG,Azhar issues Deccan Herald, 3 days ago
Three cyclists injured in a crash during Asian Track C'ships
Kasara Bagherpour of Iran, Alif Aiman Safuan of Malaysia and Jinsik Yang of South Korea were involved in a crash during the junior men's six-lap keirin event finals at the Indian Gandhi Indoor Stadium velodrome.DNA, 2 weeks ago
On this occasion, Mr Will Yang, Brand Director, OPPO India
Karan Singh Grover is seen perfecting his memories with his ladylove by gifting her an OPPO F1s Rose Gold Limited Edition, which makes their day special.DNA, 2 weeks ago
In the men's doubles, eighth seeds Lu Ching Yao and Yang Po Han of Chinese Taipei took out Indonesian seventh seeded combo of Berry Angriawan and Hardianto Hardianto 21-16 21-17 to reach the finals.DNA, 4 weeks ago
India, China discuss Afghanistan, counter-terrorism, bilateral ties and nuke issues
strategic dialogue with his Chinese counterpart - Executive Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui and with State Counsellor Yang Jiechi covered and reviewed ?DNA, 4 days ago For China, bilateral ties with India more important than Masood Azhar, says envoy Sify, 3 days ago The year India and China hoped high, delivered low Rediff.com, 1 month ago Why China, India make natural Asian allies: Chinese perspective Prokerala, 2 months ago
Golf-Yang storms to record-breaking victory in Thailand
Amy Yang sank a short birdie putt on the 72nd hole to seal a five-stroke victory at the Honda LPGA Thailand in style on Sunday, the Korean claiming the title for a second time with a new tournament record.DNA, 22 hours ago
US, China discuss measures to counter North Korea threat
US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson yesterday spoke to his Chinese counterpart Yang Jiechi over phone and discussed the the importance of a constructive bilateral relationship, State Department Acting Spokesman Mark Toner said.DNA, 5 days ago Chinese State Councilor urges strengthening cooperation over phone call with U.S. State Secy Sify, 5 days ago Chinese State Councilor urges China, US to strengthen ties Business Standard, 5 days ago After Donald Trump's win in US Election, China and Mexico move to deepen ties DNA, 2 months ago
Realtime News
on your WebpageAdd Widget >Get your members hooked!


text:
Eileen Fisher
Mock Neck Sweater (Online Exclusive)
Product not available
Have questions?
Chat with us or call 1.888.282.6060.
HideDetails & Care
A chunky knit spun from marled organic-cotton yarns shapes a cozy sweater eased with a relaxed mock turtleneck and dropped shoulders.
- Approx. length from shoulder: 25".
- Measurements taken from size Medium and may vary slightly by size.
- Organic cotton; hand wash.
- By Eileen Fisher; imported.
- Studio 121.


text:
Is The Ramp People incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
Contact details
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Hotfrog Ireland provides information regarding The Ramp People in Watergrasshill Cork. The Ramp People is located at Business Park, Watergrasshill Cork and provides metal & metal products services. Contact them on 00353 (0)21 488 9801 or by visiting them on their website http://www.theramppeople.ie.
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Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
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This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe
Video games in America have become an important part of our culture. Over half of America's adult population play video games and men and women are about equal in there participation. More of the younger adults play but the older gamers play more often. This infographic shows the details on the subject.
To learn more visit our friends at Pew Research Center.
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Over the past week, I have been watching a pair of Downy Woodpeckers take care of their young. They are incredibly dedicated. They are up early in the morning flying back and forth to bring food to their babies, who never stop peeping, and they are still at it in the evening. They also have to worry about a squirrel that seems interested in their nest, and they expend a lot of energy protecting their babies from this marauder.
A Different Bird Feeder
Until now I have never had the experience of actually watching parent birds at work, though I had learned from Doug Tallamy, scientist and author of Bringing Nature Home, just how important insects, particularly caterpillars, are for parent birds. He tells us that 96% of bird species feed their young solely insects, mostly comprised of caterpillars because they are easy to eat and contain the right amount of fat and protein. In his amazing, must-read article, The Chickadee's Guide to Gardening Tallamy tells us that a pair of chickadees feed their babies 6,000-9,000 caterpillars for a single clutch. The Downy Woodpeckers most likely would need to find even more insects to feed their babies.


text:
The chief executive officer discusses the brand's turnaround since he took over two years ago.
Tiffany & Co. named three new board members, and one analyst has a target price of $102 for Tiffany shares.
Apparel was a surprising standout performer in an otherwise difficult year.
The transaction is expected to close during the first quarter of 2017.
Financial sources expect that for Unilever to consider a deal, Kraft would have to raise its price.
The private equity firm is joined in the $500 million purchase by Bow Street and Adama Partners.
Speculation has centered on a deal by midsummer at $24 or $25 a share.
Kate Spade & Co. confirmed that it is reviewing its strategic alternatives and posted fourth-quarter gains in sales and profits.
More recently, private equity is said to be looking at the firm.
In a historic move, four major lingerie players including Etam and La Perla have come together to save one of the last remaining Calais lacemakers from bankruptcy.
The German start-up said the acquisition is part of its mission to offer shoppers a single place to purchase goods from "across the entire web universe."
The seven month-old San Francisco-based company, which is backed by Boston growth equity firm Summit Partners, has acquired a majority stake in Quay Australia.
The investment company is valuing the retailer at 134 million Australian dollars or $102 million at current exchange.
An acquisition of Macy's would give the Hudson's Bay Co. real estate — and another omnichannel platform.
The investment is meant to drive international retail expansion and strengthen the brand's e-commerce channel.
Moody's said activism tends to be credit negative for the company being targeted.
As per the agreement, starting in 2018, Marcolin will design and manufacture eyewear for the Céline and Louis Vuitton brands, with the goal of "becoming, in the future, the preferred partner" of the LVMH group in the eyewear business.
On the acquisitions front, Coach is looking for great brands where it is confident there's room for growth.


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XE Market Analysis: Europe - Feb 23, 2017By: XE Market Analysis
The dollar has consolidated post-FOMC minutes losses, which didn't show any heightened risk for a March rate hike, and saw implied rates dip as some insurance for a more hawkish tone had been priced in. Risk for action next month fell to about 18% in Fed funds futures, versus about 25% to 30% last week after strong data and some hawkish Fedspeak. Read more


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Jlaw law
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This Gif entitled Jlaw law was created from the youtube video 3 years ago. It uses 12 frames per second and is displayed at 640px resolution. This animated image plays for 1 seconds, was built with normal quality and an estimated weight of 822.68 KB for download. This animation was originally created from the Jennifer Lawrence - Funny Moments video from 06:30 to 06:31.
Flag This GifSend


text: I have been having trouble publishing my last two lenses on Squidoo. I have other lenses that I published with no problems. It seems to me they have totally banned certain topics because of problems with spamming. I wrote a general lense about affiliate marketing, didn't even have any links in it, and I couldn't get it published. I just talked about the pros and cons of affiliate marketing. Any advise?


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Designer Grafis (Museum MACAN)
Handling graphic design matter for all department in Museum including
- Name card and office stationary design
- Poster, Banner, Flyer and other promotion material
- Designing material for training both in house and public
- Preparing design needed for exhibition programme
- Preparing E-banner desin in Website and other graphis information
Job Requirement :
- At least a Diploma or Bachelor's Degree in Art/Design/Creative Multimedia or its equivalent.
- 3-5 years of experience as a graphic designer for various projects, including artistic projects (visual art/performing arts/design).
- Previous experience as a supervisor/coordinator specializing in Arts/Creative/Graphic Design or its equivalent is preferable.
- Knowledge of and an active interest in visual arts is essential.
- Proven skills in Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign. Additional skills in Lightroom is an advantage.
- Comprehensive knowledge of the printing process and printed matter production.\
- Internet savvy.
- Excellent communication skills in both Bahasa Indonesia and English.
- The ability to work well under pressure with tight deadlines.
- The ability to work independently, as well as part of a team.
- Emotional maturity.
- Focus, discipline, and a sense of responsibility towards the project at hand.
If you are confident that you can meet our requirements, please 'APPLY NOW'
Further information about our company, visit www.akr.co.id
Further information about our company, visit www.akr.co.id
Lowongan pekerjaan ini kemungkinan telah berakhir.
Deskripsi Perusahaan
In the midst of high logistics cost in Indonesia, PT AKR Corporindo Tbk offers various innovations to provide competitive logistics services. The Company is ready to support industrial development in Indonesia to become more competitive domestically and internationally. In order to achieve sustainable growth, the Company is committed to continuously produce innovations to create value for all stakeholders
Vision: To be the leading provider of logistic services and supply chain solutions for bulk chemicals and energy distribution in Indonesia
Mission: Optimizing our potential to build sustainable stakeholders value
Review ( PT AKR Corporindo Tbk. )
Former Employee
- Gaji & Benefit
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Manajemen
- Nilai & Budaya
- Jenjang Karir
Bekerja di tempat ini dapat membuka peluang dan bagus sekali untuk pembelajaran. Selain itu, pihak manajemen dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman.
Kultur dan gaya mungkin tidak cocok dengan banyak orang karena masih budaya tradisional dan jaman dulu banget sehingga anak muda akan ketinggalan jaman.


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The man known as "Brother Number Two", chief executioner and second in command of Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, was arrested and charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes at a UN-sponsored tribunal today.
Nuon Chea, the most senior of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders, whose regime caused the deaths of close to two million people, had for the past few years lived in a simple hut on the edge of the jungle.
But at dawn today a dozen police and court officials raided the wooden house in the town of Pailin, close to the Thai border, where Nuon Chea, a


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Roland RD-800 Digital Piano PERFORMER PAKPrice Drop - Limited Time Offer!
Roland 88 Key Digital Piano PAK including the Roland RD-800 Digital Piano and Keyboard Case Learn More
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text:
Clinton Praises Netflix's Year-Long Maternity, Paternity LeaveMadeline McMahon
"No parent should have to choose between getting a paycheck and caring for their baby. Well done, @Netflix," Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton says in tweet.
- NOTE: Netflix announced yesterday that it would offer new mothers and fathers as much as one year of paid time off
Before it's here, it's on the Bloomberg Terminal. LEARN MORE


text:
Zen Bedrooms, Inc.
mattress toppers, best mattress topper
Zen Bedrooms presents you a range of toppers which would give you a feel of comfort as well as a luxury feel. It can team up with your Memory Foam Mattress to give a great look and comfort to your sleep. Every topper comes with 10 Year UK Guarantee as well.
Print this page
Zen Bedrooms provides a wide range of bed frames to suit every taste, style and budget. Collection includes platform beds,
Zen Bedrooms offers a wide range of comfortable and durable latex mattress and latex foam mattresses. They provide latex mattresses
Zen Bedrooms presents you with the best microfibre duvets which is made up with visco technology to bring you a
Zen Bedrooms presents you with the best duvets which is made up with visco technology to bring you a truly
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Education Associates
Give Now!
Sign up for a Membership
Like us on Facebook
2016-2017 School Year
Board Meetings
August 6, 2016 Alumni House - San Diego Campus 1:00 - 2:30
January 2017 Alumni House - San Diego Campus
April 2017 Alumni House - San Diego Campus
June 2017 Alumni House - San Diego Campus
Pro Gro / Networking Event - Professional Development for Educators
Fall - Laura D'Acquisato
Spring - Miles Vandegrift
Education Associates Reception, Homecoming November 19, 2016
Reception upstairs in Nicholson from 10:30 - 11:30.
Visit our booth to pick up a PLNU penant to post at your place of employment.
Don't forget to join the Education Associates while you are there.
Awards Breakfast, Commencement 2017
Time: 7:30 - 9:00 a.m.
Nicholson Commons Dining Hall
View the images from the 2016 Breakfast here.
The 2015 - 2016 Board of Directors is comprised of 5 elected officers and 15 directors.
Scholarships & Awards
Scholarship are available for students on each campus. Several awards are issued to outstanding Education alumni each year.
A detailed list of the scholarships, awards, and recipients can be found on the Scholarships & Awards link.
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Chiefsgirl (12-07-2013)
Hi Ladies, wondering if I can possibly join? Sadly, spotting this morning has signalled the end of our 15th natural cycle of TTC with no success. I expect AF to show her ugly prescence over the weekend. DH and I have no known cause of infertility, except I have minor endo.
We have our nurses appointment 30th July with WFC and hope to pick up drugs and start IVF in August. At 36, I want nothing more than to be a Mum, and for DH and I to have our longed for first child. Long term TTC has worn us down and chipped away at our hearts, month by month by month.
Chiefs Girl, I hope you are ok. I really want to send you huge hugs. I have been following along and you have struck a chord with me. I also am a Chiefs girl. I wish you all the happiness you long for.
Hi to all the other Ladies! Wishing you all a relaxing and lovely weekend.
Cheifsgirl I'm so sorry Hun... Sending lots of big hugs to you and DH. ... Let yourself be angry/ sad whatever you need to be to feel better. Xoxoxoxo
Welcome ever... This is a great thread to be on. I dnt know what I would have down though my cycles without them. Xx
Big hugs Chief. xxx
Welcome Ever. This is a great little support system.
Hope everyone is doing well. xx
Well, it looks like it's on for us! CD1 with our nurses appointment on 30th where we will pick up Synarel. Started taking the contraceptive today as per the nurses instruction. I swear i put a kilo on my behind today just taking the first pill. Always makes me stack on weight. Oh well, it's only til the 30th. DH and I are both excited and I am super nervous. Our first IVF cycle, yikes!
I hope everyone has had a lovely weekend
Yay for starting Ever. It sucks we all need ivf but its exciting (and nerve wracking) to be starting.
Hey all, just wondering what time you usually hear back when you've had a bloodtest? I started injections last week and had my first bloodtest today but they didn't give an indication of what time they'd call me.
Hey becca the nurses usually make their calls late afternoon (you may just get a text to say when to have your next BT as well)
Hi all,
Welcome Ever, I hope your first cycle goes well and it's the only one you need - it does happen to some! Did u see the game in the weekend? My heart was in my mouth, I didn't think we'd get the win. Def took my mind off my woes!
Becca, even tho they say they'll call. I have only received one call and that was after my first ultrasound when they had spoken to my FS and upped my dose of gonal f. Not getting a call isn't a bad thing. But as crofty said, they do their calls in the arvo.
AFM- spent the weekend wallowing in self pity and bad food. Got off my backside and went for a walk by the river with DH yesterday and started a detox today. I've got a month to get fit again and lose another few kilos. On the merry-go-round again! Appt with FS for 31 July and back to naturopath on 25th. Not sure he did a whole deal, but I did get double eggs this time after seeing him and my first a grade embie so will see him and drink his foul drinks again!
I have found that making a follow up apt with FS while ur in the tww means you get in to see them sooner, so you don't miss out on starting ASAP, as you have to see the FS again before you can start another cycle and my FS is booked out weeks in advance!
Speaking of planning new cycles, does anyone know if WFC do epu and transfers over Xmas? I tend to have them at the end of the month, and if my next cycle is a bust that's when the one after wd happen. Just trying to work timings. If I can only get one more cycle in this year anyway, maybe I shd push for more exploratory tests first to see if I have implantation issues?
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January 19 2017
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The American Conservative Leadership Council (working title) is a program to ally, inspire, and empower a group of iconic American conservative leaders not normally associated with the climate stewardship movement in a structured, sustained campaign to engage their followers in supporting climate solutions.
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Images of the Week: 09/07/2013
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Introduction A Sensor (also called detector or encoder) is a device that produces a measurable response to a change in a physical condition, such as temperature, speed or position. It is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an electronic instrument. Sensors are particularly useful for making measurements in industrial and drive process control.
Introduction The following figure shows the basic topology of an electric drive.
Introduction "Closed loop" systems - also called feedback control systems - are necessary. The purpose of the drive controller is essentially to convert the desired drive torque/speed profile into triggering pulses for the electronic power converter, taking into account various drive variables (currents, speed, temperature etc.) fed back by the sensors. The input to the power converter is controlled (manipulated) by the controller. The inputs to the controller consist of: 1. Torque, flux, speed, and/or position commands 2. Rate of variations to facilitate soft start, to preserve the integrity of the load 3. The actual values of torque, flux, speed, position for feedback control. 4. Limiting values of currents, torque, acceleration, etc. 5. Temperature feedback, instantaneous currents & voltages in the motor and/or converter.
Introduction A sensor is used to monitor the actual operating state of the system and to feed back to the input of the controller an analogue or digital signal representing the output state. The actual and desired or reference states are continually compared and if the actual state is different from the reference state an error signal is generated Sensors can be classified as, either (Passive / Active) or (Analogue / Digital) Sensors: -Active Sensors: -Active Sensors: they require an external power supply to operate - Passive Sensors: - Passive Sensors: Passive sensors don't need any additional energy source and directly generates an electric signal in response to an external stimulus.
Introduction - Analogue Sensors: - Analogue Sensors: Analogue Sensors produce a continuous output signal or voltage which is generally proportional to the quantity being measured. Physical quantities such as Temperature, Speed, Pressure, Displacement, Strain etc., are all analogue quantities as they tend to be continuous in nature as example below. Figure 1: Temperature is measured by thermo couple sensor which continuously responds to temperature changes
Introduction - Digital Sensors: - Digital Sensors: Digital Sensors produce a discrete digital output signals or voltages that are a digital representation of the quantity being measured. Digital sensors produce a Binary output signal in the form of logic "1" or logic "0", ("ON" or "OFF"). Figure 2: the speed of the rotating shaft is measured by using a digital LED/Opto-detector sensor.
Introduction Compared to analogue signals, digital signals or quantities have very high accuracies and can be both measured and "sampled" at a very high clock speed. Circuits which measure analogue signals usually have a slow response and/or low accuracy. Also analogue signals can be easily converted into digital type signals. In most cases, sensors and more specifically analogue sensors generally require an external power supply and some form of additional amplification or filtering of the signal
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors Drives operated with closed-loop control are equipped with a measuring system for the speed and the angular position, so-called angle sensors or encoders, in order to achieve high speed and positioning accuracy. In addition, on drives with synchronous motors they also supply the rotor position information for the current control. The speed is calculated by differentiation of the angle. This differentiation is part of the angle evaluation.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors *Positional Sensors* Position Sensors detect the position of something which means that they are referenced either to or from some fixed point or position. These types of sensors provide a "positional" feedback. One method of determining a position is to use either "distance" or by "rotation" (angular movement). The Potentiometer Inductive Position Sensors Linear Variable Differential Transformer Inductive Proximity Sensors Encoders Incremental Encoders Absolute Position Encoders.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors 1- The Potentiometer A potentiometer is a resistive sensor used to measure linear displacements as well as rotary motion. It has a wiper contact linked to a mechanical shaft that can be either angular (rotational) or linear (slider type) in its movement, and which causes the resistance value between the wiper/slider and the two end connections to change giving an electrical signal output that has a proportional relationship between the actual wiper position on the resistive track and its resistance value. In other words, resistance is proportional to position. A DC reference voltage is applied across the two outer fixed connections forming the resistive element. The output voltage signal is taken from the wiper terminal of the sliding contact.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors This configuration produces a potential or voltage divider type circuit output which is proportional to the shaft position. The output signal (Vout) from the potentiometer is taken from the center wiper connection as it moves along the resistive track, and is proportional to the angular position of the shaft.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors While resistive potentiometer position sensors have many advantages: - low cost -low tech -easy to use they also have many disadvantages: - wear due to moving parts -low accuracy, - low repeatability -limited frequency response. Typical applications for this type of high accuracy position sensor are in : computer game joysticks, steering wheels, and industrial and robot applications.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors 2) A- Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LDVT) is an inductive type position sensor which works on the same principle as the AC transformer that is used to measure movement. It is a very accurate device for measuring linear displacement and whose output is proportional to the position of its moveable core A small AC reference voltage called the "excitation signal" (2 – 20V rms, 2 – 20kHz) is applied to the primary winding which in turn induces an EMF signal into the two adjacent secondary windings (transformer principles).
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors The polarity of the output signal depends upon the direction and displacement of the moving core. The greater the movement of the soft iron core from its central null position the greater will be the resulting output signal. The result is a differential voltage output which varies linearly with the cores position. Therefore, the output signal has both amplitude that is a linear function of the cores displacement and a polarity that indicates direction of movement.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors A typical application of a linear variable differential transformer (LDVT) sensor would be as a pressure transducer Advantages : linearity, which is its voltage output to displacement is excellent, very good accuracy, good resolution, high sensitivity as well as frictionless operation. They are also sealed for use in hostile environments.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors 2) B-Inductive Proximity Sensors 2) B-Inductive Proximity Sensors Another type of inductive position sensor in common use is the Inductive Proximity Sensor also called an "Eddy current sensor". While they do not actually measure displacement or angular rotation they are mainly used to detect the presence of an object in front of them or within a close proximity, hence their name "proximity sensor". inductive proximity sensors operate under the electrical principle of Faraday's Law of inductance. The "sensing" range of proximity sensors is very small, typically 0.1mm to 12mm.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors An inductive proximity sensor has four main components: The oscillator which produces the electromagnetic field The coil which generates the magnetic field The detection circuit which detects any change in the field when an object enters it The output circuit which produces the output signal, either with normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO) contacts. They are also used in machine vibration monitoring to measure the variation in distance between a shaft and its support bearing. This is common in large steam turbines, compressors, and motors that use sleeve-type bearings.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors Incremental Encoder Incremental Encoders, also known as quadrature encoders or relative rotary encoder, are the simplest of the two position sensors. Their output is a series of square wave pulses generated by a photocell arrangement as the coded disk, with evenly spaced transparent and dark lines called segments on its surface, moves or rotates past the light source. The encoder produces a stream of square wave pulses which, when counted, indicates the angular position of the rotating shaft. Incremental encoders have two separate outputs called "quadrature outputs". These two outputs are displaced at 90o out of phase from each other with the direction of rotation of the shaft being determined from the output sequence.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors The number of transparent and dark segments or slots on the disk determines the resolution of the device and increasing the number of lines in the pattern increases the resolution per degree of rotation. Typical encoded discs have a resolution of up to 256 pulses or 8-bits per rotation. The "Quadrature" or "Sine wave" encoder is the more common and has two output square waves commonly called channel A and channel B. This device uses two photo detectors, slightly offset from each other by 90o thereby producing two separate sine and cosine output signals.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors The angle of the shaft in radians can be calculated using mathematical functions. Generally, the optical disk used in rotary position encoders is circular, then the resolution of the output will be given as: θ = 360/n, where n equals the number of segments on coded disk. Also the direction of rotation is determined by noting which channel produces an output first, either channel A or channel B giving two directions of rotation, A leads B or B leads A.
(Linear / Angular) Position and Speed Sensors Absolute Position Encoder - Absolute Position Encoders are more complex than quadrature encoders. - They provide a unique output code for every single position of rotation indicating both position and direction. -Their coded disk consists of multiple concentric "tracks" of light and dark segments. -Each track is independent with its own photo detector to simultaneously read a unique coded position value for each angle of movement. -The number of tracks on the disk corresponds to the binary "bit"-resolution of the encoder so a 12-bit absolute encoder would have 12 tracks and the same coded value only appears once per revolution. -Typical application of absolute position encoders are in computer hard drives and CD/DVD drives were the absolute position of the drives read/write heads are monitored or in printers/plotters to accurately position the printing heads over the paper.
Optical sensors - Optical sensors are based on the modulation of light travelling between a light source and a light detector. - The transmitted light can travel along either an air path or a fibre-optic cable. Light sources suitable for transmission across an air path include tungsten- filament lamps, laser diodes and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). -The main forms of light detector used with optical systems are photocells (cadmium sulphide or cadmium selenide). -These are all photoconductive devices, whose resistance is reduced according to the intensity of light to which they are exposed.
Fiber-optic sensors usually incorporate either glass/plastic cables or all plastic cables and characteristically enjoy long life. Further advantages are: -their simplicity -low cost -small size -high reliability -capability of working in many kinds of hostile environment. Two major classes of fibre-optic sensor exist: - Intrinsic sensors: the fibre-optic cable itself is the sensor. - Extrinsic sensors: the fibre-optic cable is used to guide light to/from a conventional sensor. Optical sensors are commonly used to measure proximity, translation almotion, and rotational motion. Optical sensors
As an example, the optical sensor for the Brushless Dc Motor consists of: -A light source -Three phototransistors P1, P2 and P3 mounted on the end plate of the motor, separated by 120o from each other -A revolving shutter coupled to the shaft of the motor.
Optical sensors When the shutter revolves, the phototransistors get exposed to the light in the sequence of their numbers. In each revolution, the phototransistors generate the pulses PI1, PI2 and PI3 which have duration and phase displacement of 120o.
Optical sensors
Resolvers Resolvers are magnetically operated angle sensors which comprise a rotary transformer and the actual resolver part with a single-phase rotor winding and a two-phase stator winding with the number of pole pairs (p). The operating principle exploits the angle-dependent coupling between the windings in the rotor and in the stator. From the ratio of the induced voltages, the system can then calculate the angle and rotational speed. Resolvers are made of the same materials as the servo motors: copper and iron, As a result, they are significantly more robust than optical angle sensors.
Resolvers With the aid of the ring transformer, a carrier frequency voltage with the amplitude Ve is transmitted in the single-phase rotor. The carrier frequency voltage induces the voltages Vcos and Vsin in both phases of the stator winding. As the two phases are electricallyoffsetby90°, the amplitudes of the voltages depend cosinusoidally or sinusoidally on the angle of rotation: Resolvers can with stand external temperatures and vibrations and are resistant to voltage faults. The sensitive electronics are housed in the control cabinet, where they are protected from environmental influences. Here, I tr is the transmission ratio of the ring transformer and I rs the ratio between the rotor and stator windings. The angle of rotation can be calculated from the ratio of the voltages:
Temperature Sensors There are many different types of Temperature Sensor available and all have different characteristics depending upon their actual application. A Temperature Sensor consists of two basic physical types: Contact Temperature Sensor Types Non-contact Temperature Sensor Types Typical applications for temperature sensors include: -HVAC - room, duct, and refrigerant equipment -Motors - overload protection -Electronic circuits - semiconductor protection -Electronic assemblies - thermal management, temperature compensation -Process control - temperature regulation -Automotive - air and oil temperature -Appliances - heating and cooling temperature
Temperature Sensors Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTD) The Resistance Temperature Detectors or RTD's are precision temperature sensors made from high-purity conducting metals such as platinum, copper or nickel wound into a coil and whose electrical resistance changes as a function of temperature. However, they have very poor thermal sensitivity that is a change in temperature only produces a very small output change. A typical RTD has a base resistance of about 100Ω at 0oC, increasing to about 140Ω at 100C with an operating temperature range of between -200 to +600C. RTD's are passive resistive devices and by passing a constant current through the temperature sensor it is possible to obtain an output voltage that increases linearly with temperature
Temperature Sensors The Thermocouple The Thermocouple is by far the most commonly used type of all the temperature sensor types. Thermocouples are popular due to its simplicity, ease of use and their speed of response to changes in temperature, due mainly to their small size. Thermocouples also have the widest temperature range of all the temperature sensors from below -200C to well over 2000C. Thermocouples are thermoelectric sensors that basically consist of two junctions of dissimilar metals. When the two junctions are at different temperatures, a voltage is developed across the junction which is used to measure the temperature
Temperature Sensors The Thermocouple The operating principal of a thermocouple is very simple and basic. When fused together the junction of the two dissimilar metals such as copper and constantan produces a " thermo-electric " effect which gives a constant potential difference of only a few millivolts (mV) between them. The voltage difference between the two junctions is called the " Seebeck effect " then the output voltage from a thermocouple is a function of the temperature changes.
Temperature Sensors The Thermostat The Thermostat is a contact type electro-mechanical temperature sensor or switch, that basically consists of two different metals such as nickel, copper, tungsten or aluminum that are bonded together to form a Bi-metallic strip. The different linear expansion rates of the two dissimilar metals produce a mechanical bending movement when the strip is subjected to heat. The bi-metallic strip can be used itself as an electrical switch or as a mechanical way of operating an electrical switch in thermostatic controls and are used extensively to control hot water heating elements in boilers, furnaces, hot water storage tanks as well as in vehicle radiator cooling systems.
Temperature Sensors The Thermostat -The thermostat consists of two thermally different metals stuck together back to back. -When it is cold the contacts are closed and current passes through the thermostat. -When it gets hot, one metal expands more than the other and the bonded bi-metallic strip bends up (or down) opening the contacts preventing the current from flowing..
Hall effect sensors When a current-carrying conductor is placed into a magnetic field, a voltage will be generated perpendicular to both the current and the field. This principle is known as the Hall effect. In other word it's a magnetic field sensor.
Hall Effect sensor is a sensor that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. Hall Effect sensors are used for proximity switching, positioning, speed detection, voltage and current sensing applications. Hall Effect Sensors are activated by an external magnetic field the sensor detects it and generates an output voltage called the Hall Voltage, Vh.
Hall Effect Sensors are available with either linear or digital outputs. The output signal for linear (analogue) sensors is taken directly from the output of the operational amplifier with the output voltage being directly proportional to the magnetic field passing through the Hall sensor. This output Hall voltage is given as: V H = R H (I * B) / t Where: V H is the Hall Voltage in volts R H is the Hall Effect co-efficient I is the current through the sensor in amps t is the thickness of the sensor in mm B is the Magnetic Flux density in Teslas
Most Hall Effect devices can not directly switch large electrical loads as their output drive capabilities are very small around 10 to 20 mA. Rotor position can be determined by a Hall Effect device (or devices), embedded in the stator, which provide an electrical signal representing the magnetic field strength. The amplitude of this signal changes as the magnetic rotor poles pass over the sensor. Hall Effect devices can also be used for current sensing Hall sensors are commonly used to time the speed of wheels and shafts, such as for internal combustion engine ignition timing, tachometers and anti-lock braking systems. They are used in brushless DC electric motors to detect the position of the permanent magnet. In the pictured wheel with two equally spaced magnets, the voltage from the sensor will peak twice for each revolution. This arrangement is commonly used to regulate the speed of disk drives.
NO magnetic field no voltage
When magnetic field is present voltage will be indused
Some hall effect sensor application in motor drives : Brushless DC motor RPM sensors Current sensors
Brushless DC motor sensors
Hall effect sensors detect the magnetic field coming from the magnets on the rotor shaft and can know it's position this way better control of stator field switching is achieved.
RPM sensors
The RPM sensor is one of the most common applications for a Hall sensor effect With RPM sensors the following can be achieved : Speed control, Control of motor timing, Zero speed detection, Tape rotation, Under or overspeed detection, Disk speed detection, Automobile or tractor transmission controller, Fan movement Shaft rotation counter, Bottle counting, Radical position indication, Drilling machines, Linear or rotary positioning, Rotary position sensing, Flow-rate meter Tachometer pick-ups
Current sensors Linear output Hall effect sensors can be used to sense currents ranging from 250 milliamperes to thousands of amperes
The sensitivity of the simple current sensing system shown in the figure can be increased by adding a flux concentrator to the sensor. With the addition of a flux concentrator, these sensors can be used to check over or under speed, overload (current surges), undercurrent and phase failure for large motors or generators. This approach consists of a torroid core with a linear sensor positioned in the gap. The core encloses the sensor and acts as an additional flux concentrator
sensitive current sensor
The most common torque measuring principle uses bonded strain gauge technology where the strain gauges are bonded to a suitably designed shaft.
Torque sensors with a circular shaft and with strain gauges applied at 45deg is a design that has been around for many years
Typically four strain gauges are bonded and connected into a Wheatstone bridge configuration with temperature compensation components included within the bridge circuitry. With an excitation voltage applied to the bridge and torque induced into the shaft, an electrical output linearly proportionate to that torque will result. The completed Wheatstone Bridge requires a stable DC supply to excite the circuit. This is usually 5Vdc or 10Vdc, but can be any value from 1Vdc up to 18Vdc
Static vs. Rotary Torque Torque measurements can be either Static (also known as Reaction) or Rotary. A static or reaction torque measurement involves little or no rotation of the item being measured, such as during torque spanner testing A rotary torque measurement would, as the name suggests, be subject to continuous rotation. This rotation could be constant or periodical
Dynamic Torque A dynamic torque is one that is subject to variation or change for instance the torque on the motor drive shaft of an electric hover mower When selecting a transducer to measure dynamic torque, it is important to ensure that Is has a sufficiently wide frequency response bandwidth so that the electrical output will react fast enough to capture the changes (peaks or troughs) as they occur, rather than smoothing or filtering them out.
Power & Signal Transmission in Rotary Torque Sensors Slip Ring Rotary Transformer (Inductive Loop) Wireless Radio
Slip Ring The conductive rings rotate with the sensor and use a series of sprung brushes to contact the rings and transmit the electrical signal At low speed the electrical connection between the rings and brushes are relatively noise free, however at higher speeds electrical noise will eventually degrade their performance.
Rotary Transformer For higher speed (rpm) torque measurement applications the rotary transformer system is used The rotary transformer system consists of two coils, one static coil that is attached to the transducer's housing and one rotating coil that is attached to the transducer shaft. This offers the distinct advantage of there being no contact between rotor and stator and incorporates both transmission of power to and signal back from the rotating strain gauge bridge circuit.
inaccuracies of ±0.2% and are capable of speeds up to 50,000rpm. The rotary transformer system is versatile enough for use in special torque transducers and those where space is limited.
Wireless Radio Telemetry The avoidance of rotor and stator coils means that installing wireless torque sensors is a simplified process over other types as there is no cabling provision or coil alignment to the measurement signal can be transferred over considerable distances (up to 120m) easily. consider
The data stream provided by the wireless telemetry system is broadcasted and so can be read by multiple receiver units with different functions such as digital displays, analogue outputs and PC-based USB acquisition making multi-featured systems quick and easy to set up.
Torque Measurement Summary To measure torque effectively it is important to understand the factors involved in the creation of the torque as well as those that may alter the torque measurement: nominal torque rating, speed, available space to mount the sensor, duration of measurement and the environment within which the measurement is taking place
When measuring dynamic torque, the location of the measurement is vital to ensure that the true torque is measured and false measurements are avoided, caused by either adjoining components in the drive train or those that dampen the torque measurement system, including the measurement system itself. The selection of the correct transducer rating, transmission system and mechanical connection will ensure the measurement solution is no more expensive than it need be and maximum long-term accuracy and reliability will be achieved
Summary - Sensors are "Input" devices which convert one type of energy or quantity into an electrical analogue or digital signals. - Sensors are used to monitor the actual operating state of the electric drive system and to feed back to the input of the controller an analogue or digital signal representing the output state. - The most common forms of sensors are those that detect Position, Temperature, Light, Pressure and Velocity. - Some sensors called "Self-generating" sensors generate output voltages or currents relative to the quantity being measured - Some sensors called "Modulating" sensors change their physical properties, such as inductance or resistance relative to the quantity being measured and need to be biased to provide an output voltage or current. - Sensors act as feedback as they sense position of the rotor. It converts the information of rotor position into a suitable electrical signal. This signal is used to switch ON and OFF of various semiconductor devices of electronic switching circuitry as in Brushless Dc motor.
Summary -There are many types of (Linear / Angular) Position, Current, Temperature and Speed Sensors that are used widely in electric drives to adjust and control systems such as: -Positional sensors (Potentiometer, Inductive Position Sensors, Rotary Encoders) -Resolvers -Optical sensors -Hall Effect sensors -Thermocouples -Thermostat -Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTD)
Summary -Factors to consider when choosing a sensor: Accuracy: The statistical variance about the exact reading. Calibration: Required since measuring systems readings will drift over time. Cost: Economic consideration should be taken. Environmental: Sensors typically have temperature and/or humidity limits. Range: Limits of measurement or the sensor. Resolution: The smallest increment the sensor can detect. Repeatability: The variance in a sensor's reading when a single condition is repeatedly measured.
References 1- "Measurement and Instrumentation Principles", Alan S Morris, Third Edition. 2- "Electric Drives and Electromechanical Systems", Richard Crowder. 3- "Control of Electrical Drives", Werner Leonhard, Third Edition. 4- "Electric Drives", Ion Bolden and S.A. Nasar, 2nd edition. 5- Basic Electronics Tutorials Site by Wayne Storr., tutorials.ws 6- Ed Ramsden (2006). Hall-effect sensors: theory and applications 7- Petruk, O.; Szewczyk, R.; Salach, J.; Nowicki, M. (2014). "Digitally Controlled Current Transformer with Hall Sensor" 8- "Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook", John G. Webster, HalitEren, Second Edition 9- "MATLAB Library site", /about-the-electric-drives- library.html
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text: Does anyone else have fond memories of their Instructors from Basic Training? Quote: '...Reminds me of the drill sergeant we had when I was first in the army.' 'Tough, was he?' Said Nobby, lighting a cigarette. 'Tough? Tough? Blimey! Thirteen weeks of pure misery, that was! Ten-mile run every morning, up to our necks in muck half the time, and him yelling a blue streak and cussin' us every living moment! One time he made me stay up all night cleaning the lavvies with a toothbrush! He'd hit us with a spiky stick to get us out of bed! We had to jump through hoops for that man, we hated his damn guts, we'd have stuck one on him if any of us had the nerve but, of course, none of us did. He put us through three months of living death. But... y'know...after the passing-out parade...us looking at ourselves all in our new uniforms an' all, real soldiers at last , seein' what we'd become...well, we saw him in the bar and, well...I don't mind telling you...' The dogs watched Colon wipe away the suspicion of a tear. '...Me and Tonker Jackson and Hoggy Spuds waited for him in the alley and beat seven kinds of hell out of him, it took three days for my knuckles to heal.' Colon blew his nose. 'Happy days...' T.Pratchett 'Men at Arms'


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A local artist guides participants step-by-step in recreating a featured painting. Cost includes a 16" x 20" canvas, easel, paint, brushes, and an apron.
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A second person has been arrested for a home invasion robbery that took place in Key Largo on February 26th.
The first suspect, 37 year old Brandon Rettich, was arrested by Florida Department of Law Enforcement in Homestead just days after the crime occurred. The second suspect, 33 year old Benjamin Douglas, was booked into the Plantation Key Jail today charged with false imprisonment, armed burglary and grand theft.
The two men are accused of tying up a Key Largo man in his home, pointing a gun at him and threatening to kill him. They then stole cash and guns and fled the scene. The victim was able to recognize and identify Rettich, even though both men used hoods and masks to hide their faces.
The victim said he was sleeping on his couch at his Drury Drive apartment at 3 a.m. Thursday when the two suspects entered through an unlocked door. He said they pointed a pistol at him and one suspect tied his hands behind his back using zip ties.
The victim said they took him from the apartment to his parent's house nearby and they all entered the home through a window. Once inside, he said the two suspects used a Taser on him and ransacked the home. He said at one point, one of the suspects told the other to "pop" him, which he took to mean "kill" him. He said he was afraid he was going to die.
The suspects found cash hidden in his parent's house. They also found four rifles and two shotguns. They took the cash and the guns and left the house. The victim said he heard them leave in a vehicle. He said after he heard them leave, he ran to a neighbor's house for help.
Information developed during the investigation by Detective Bob Dosh led to the identification of Douglas and a subsequent warrant for his arrest.


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Rwanda: Recent History (2007)
Zachary D. Kaufman
Yale University - Law School; Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS)
Phil Clark
University of Oxford - Centre for Socio-Legal Studies
September 12, 2011
Thomas Ofcansky, AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA 2007, pp. 935-942, Iain Frame, ed., Routledge, 2006
This book chapter—written by Thomas Ofcansky and revised by Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman—concerns the recent history of Rwanda. This chapter is published in the 2007 edition of the series, "Africa South of the Sahara," edited by Iain Frame and published by Routledge.
The chapter covers the following topics:
- Hutu Ascendancy
- Rebel Invasion and Political Upheaval
- United Nations Intervention
- Collapse of Civil Order and Genocide
- The Front Patriotique Rwandais Takes Power
- Elections and the End of the Transitional Period
- Post-Genocide Criminal Justice
- Human Rights and Refugee Issues
- Regional Concerns
- International Relations
Number of Pages in PDF File: 8
Keywords: Transitional Justice, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Belgium, France, Sudan, Darfur, Hutu, Tutsi, United Nations, UN Security Council, ICTR, Gacaca, Human Rights, Genocide, Kigali, Arusha, Refugees, Paul Kagame, African Union, Elections
Date posted: September 12, 2011
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This winter bake cupcakes, raise funds and help innocent animals!
Monday, February 27, 2017 is National Cupcake Day – one of the biggest fundraisers of the year for the Ottawa Humane Society. The concept is simple: a host baker signs up to "bake" a difference by fundraising and collecting donations from friends, family, co-workers and customers. On February 27, 2017 the baker hosts a National Cupcake Day party where they supply yummy cupcakes and collect donations from their supporters. Go the extra doggy mile and top fundraisers and top teams are eligible for great prizes!
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