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So you've successfully installed and configured the RadioDJ database.
Now you have it installed its a good idea if once in a while you do some basic maintenance to ensure optimum operation.
So you've successfully installed and configured the RadioDJ database.
Now you have it installed its a good idea if once in a while you do some basic maintenance to ensure optimum operation.
Just been looking back on various posts on my Facebook page from around this time 2 years ago…
I realised it was around June 2014 when we were first made aware of MariaDB an alternative to Oracle MySQL
Since that first install 2 years ago things have ran smoothly. We've not had to rebuild the RadioDJ database from scratch once.
Saw this post on a forum on a post about RadioDJ free radio automation software.
So Why does RadioDJ rely on a MYSQL database?
RadioDJ requires MySQL to run some backend functions such as Rotations/Playlists/Events and even listener requests.
The fact RadioDJ relies on an SQL database for some of it's functions is actually one of it's PLUS points.
Recently a couple of users of RadioDJ free radio automation software asked how they should go about transferring the RadioDJ settings to a new computer.
Are there files that I can copy and paste onto the new machine so it will have the same rotation, cue marks, events, and other settings? Please advise.
It's June 2014 since I last decided to rebuild my RadioDJ SQL database from scratch.
In all the years I've been doing Internet Radio this is the longest I've gone without having to rebuild a SQL database.
Some of the credit for the stability also needs to go to MariaDB we've found it's a lot more stable and easier to setup than Oracle MySQL.
When I used other automation software I was having to rebuild the database from scratch every other week as it was just so unstable and badly written…
Plus that piece of software didn't have a backup tool so when the database went wrong you lost all your data which sucked!
The RadioDJ database setup tool takes a daily backup of your MySQL data and is easily restored if the worst should happen.
Thankfully power cuts don't happen that often where we live.
Other than that one issue with a power cut the RadioDJ database has been amazingly rock solid & reliable.
IF you haven't discovered RadioDJ free radio automation software yet what are you waiting for?
RadioDJ is FREE for use by any DJ or radio station anywhere in the world and comes with no nasty hidden fees or catches.
It really is as you see it with no activation's needed or keys required to unlock the full benefits of the program.
(Click on the logo above to download RadioDJ or right click and "Save Link As")
It's a pleasure to use radio automation software when it works as it's designed.
Installing RadioDJ the easy way…
We know it can be daunting and scary installing new software for the first time, Especially if you aren't used to using software that requires a database, but don't panic it's not as difficult as you might think.
If you follow these easy steps and have a bit of patience then you should have the program up and running in no time.
1) Starting off with a FRESH clean install of your Windows operating system is a good bet.
Don't forget to backup files before you reformat Windows.
Once you've reinstalled Windows and downloaded & installed all required security patches/updates/drivers for your PC then you can begin the process of installing and configuring RadioDJ.
You can now automatically backup your RadioDJ database at a specified hour of the day with the database setup tool.
It's pretty straight forward to set up.
It should automatically backup your database at the hour you set it to backup.


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Here's a first look into the second collaborative project between UNDFTD and Gourmet. Following on from last year's project which saw the pair work on the Quattro model, this time around Gourmet's Cinque model is the focus. The shoe features minimal branding, with UNDFTD's five-strike logo on the insole and an overall color theme which is inspired by the original and celebrated Air Max 1 colorway.
Source: FRESHNGOOD

subset: commoncrawl


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Hotfrog Canada provides information regarding Bed Bath & Beyond in North Vancouver BC. Bed Bath & Beyond is located at 200-845 Marine Drive, North Vancouver BC V7P 0A8 and provides Department Stores services. Contact them on 6049041118.
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Tag: new campaign
Beauty News: Kristen Stewart named the pretty face of Balenciaga's new fragrance.
Mon, 16 January 2012 1:34PM
Personally, I don't think they'd be anything more flattering then being approached by a fragrance house to be the face of a new perfume. If I had my choice between that and fronting a clothing or handbag campaign, I'd pick the fragrance, hands down, so we're guessing Kristen Stewart must be feeling pretty chuffed right… more
Dr Lewinn's says: 'Old can wait'. I say: 'Heck yeah it can'.
Thu, 1 July 2010 8:08AM
Because looking old before your time really isn't something us chickies want, is it? Hell no. We're happy to grow old, but we just want to look a somewhat youthful while we're on the journey. But how? Enter Dr Lewinn's and their effective anti-ageing skincare ranges. Dr Lewinn's? Isn't that a brand my mother uses? Well… more


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Data Entry and Reporting Tool, this is a tool similar to DBase, M$ Acces, and others. Graphical interface (Motif/LessTif), DBMS backends include MySQL, XBase (sourceforge.net/projects/xbase) and mdb-tools (sourceforge.net/projects/mdbtools).http://dert.sourceforge.net
created by dert comments/questions/concerns contact me at email@example.com here is a list of all of the feature drive management user manager net send self-destruct email service movie/video site remote shutdown toolbatch computers DertBatch windows
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|Longterm Rate Six months and more
|฿ 10,000 / Month
Rate depends on your dates. Please inquire for additional info.Minimal rent period: 6 months
Lovely modern condominium for rent in the heart of Phuket Town. Only 5 minutes away from Central Festival and Bangkok Hospital. Fully furnished, landline internet, free cable TV, fridge, TV and security. Only 10.000 Baht a month.
Fully furnished condo in condominium with swimming pool and gym
Apartment in High End Development
1 bedroom condo in the heart of Phuket with multi-level swimming pool, fitness room and large common area
Modern condo in Phuket for long term rent


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The Blood Brothers
After forming in 1997, the Blood Brothers -- co-vocalists, Johnny Whitney and Jordan Billie, guitarist Cody Votolato, bassist Morgan Henderson and Mark Gajadhar on drums -- released two speeding blasts of discordant noise-punk, 2000's This Adultery Is Ripe and the following year's March on Electric Children. The group (right) then thrashed around the country with such like-minded souls as the Locust, Arab on Radar and Lightning Bolt, among others, before inking with I Am/ARTISTdirect for last year's Burn Piano Island, Burn. The aural equivalent of receiving a root canal with a jackhammer, Piano Island was light years beyond the two-minute explosions on the Brothers' previous albums. In fact, thanks to a newfound instrumental complexity, the band's smackdowns often came across as free jazz imagined by art punks. Sedate acoustic guitar and abrupt a cappella interludes augmented the Brothers' traditionally frayed guitar riffage, rhythmic intricacy and vocal-cord-shredding screams. While at times some of the phrases on Piano Island are head-scratching ("I packaged my heart and FedEx'ed it to the octopus queen"), its clear critiques of excessive affluence -- "All your luxury/All your well-hidden trash/All your empty wine bottles disguised as class" -- are a thing of grotesque beauty. Decidedly contrary to the dour demeanor of these songwriters, however, is the Brothers' live shows, which are legendary for their pummeling energy -- and for degenerating into onstage mayhem. Right on, Brother. Let it bleed.
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Group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors play a critical role in the regulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. Little is known, however, about the contribution of the individual subtypes mGlu1 and mGlu5 to learning processes and LTP. We investigated the involvement of mGlu5 in hippocampal LTP and spatial learning using the selective antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP). Rats were chronically implanted with recording and stimulating electrodes to enable measurement of evoked potentials from the medial perforant path — dentate gyrus granule cell synapses. An injection cannula was inserted into the ipsilateral cerebral ventricle to enable drug application. Experiments were begun 10 days subsequent to the implantation procedure. Robust LTP which lasted for over 25 h was generated using 200 Hz tetanization. MPEP, applied in concentrations which did not affect basal synaptic transmission, dose-dependently impaired the induction and expression of LTP. Application of MPEP 5 min after tetanization inhibited late LTP (>24 h). The effects of daily MPEP application on performance in an eight-arm radial maze were evaluated. MPEP-treated rats showed deficits in reference and working memory performance compared to vehicle-treated controls. Rearing, grooming and locomotor activity were unaffected in MPEP-treated animals. These data highlight the importance of mGlu5 for both LTP and spatial learning and emphasize the significance of these receptors for information storage on both synaptic and behavioural levels.
Group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors appear to play an important role in both hippocampal synaptic plasticity in vivo (Manahan-Vaughan and Reymann, 1996; Manahan-Vaughan, 1997; Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1996, 1998, 1999a) and hippocampus-based learning (Balschun et al., 1999; Balschun and Wetzel, 2002). Thus, pharmacological antagonism of these receptors results in a significant inhibition of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression, as well as marked impairments in spatial learning.
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors comprise mGlu1 and mGlu5, both of which are coupled to phospholipase C via Gq and mediate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Despite their coupling to the same effector protein, these receptors appear to exhibit quite distinct functions. Selective activation of mGlu1 has been shown to result in an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations, a direct depolarization of CA1 pyramidal neurons, an increased frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, as well as an inhibition of synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 region (Mannaioni et al., 2001). Activation of mGlu5, on the other hand, results in suppression of the calcium-activated potassium current (IAHP) and a potentiation of NMDA receptor currents (Jia et al., 1998; Attucci et al., 2001; Mannaioni et al., 2001).
The precise role of the group I mGlu receptor subtypes mGlu1 and mGlu5 in synaptic plasticity and behavioral learning remains unclear. A subtype specific involvement of mGlu1 and mGlu5 in synaptic plasticity has been suggested by studies in transgenic mice. Thus, in one study, mice lacking mGlu1 were demonstrated to show normal hippocampal LTD but impaired LTP (Aiba et al., 1994), whereas in another study hippocampal LTP was found to be normal (Conquet et al., 1994). In mice lacking mGlu5 hippocampal LTP expression was abnormal and deficits in both spatial learning and fear conditioning were reported (Lu et al., 1997; Jia et al., 1998). Interpretation of transgenic data is complicated, however, by possible developmental adaptations which may occur within the animal to compensate for the absent receptor. Pharmacological analysis of the contribution of the individual mGlu receptor subtypes to plasticity and learning has also been hindered by the lack of availability of selective ligands. The recent advent of highly specific antagonists for mGlu receptors offers new opportunities to clarify the contribution of these receptors to these processes.
In recent work, we have found that induction of LTP is coupled with an increase in the expression of mGlu5 but not mGlu1 receptor protein in the rat hippocampus (Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1999b). An induction of mGlu5 receptor expression following certain learning behavior has been reported (Riedel et al., 2000) and it has been demonstrated that dendritic protein synthesis is stimulated by activation of mGlu5 (Huber et al., 2000, 2001), consistent with an important role for this receptor in information storage. This study therefore set out to address the involvement of mGlu5 in synaptic plasticity and spatial learning using the novel highly selective antagonist for mGlu5: methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP).
Materials and Methods
Electrode Implantation
Male Wistar rats (7–8 weeks old) underwent electrode implantation into the dentate gyrus as described previously (Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1998; Kulla and Manahan-Vaughan, 2000). Briefly, under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia (Nembutal, 40 mg/kg, i.p.; Serva, Germany), animals underwent implantation of a monopolar recording and a bipolar stimulating electrode (made from 0.1 mm diameter teflon coated stainless steel wire). A drill hole was made (1.0 mm diameter) for the recording electrode (3.1 mm posterior to bregma, 1.9 mm lateral to the midline) and a second drill hole (1.5 mm diameter, 6.9 mm posterior to bregma and 4.1 mm lateral to the midline) for the stimulating electrode. The dura was pierced through both holes and the recording and stimulating electrodes lowered into the dentate gyrus granule cell layer and the medial perforant path, respectively. Recordings of evoked field potentials via the implanted electrodes were taken throughout surgery. A cannula was also implanted into the ipsilateral cerebral ventricle, through which drug application could subsequently be made. Once verification of the location of the electrodes was complete, the entire assembly was sealed and fixed to the skull with dental acrylic (Paladur; Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Germany). The animals were allowed 7–10 days to recover from surgery before experiments were commenced. Experiments were carried out using 9–13-week-old rats. Data were recorded and stored via a PC. Animals were connected via a flexible cable to the amplifier and stimulator. Throughout experiments the animals could thus move freely. Experiments were consistently conducted at the same time of day (commencing 8.00 a.m.). Baseline experiments to confirm stability of evoked responses were routinely carried out (at least 24 h) before LTP experiments were conducted. Where possible, the animals served as their own controls. Thus, basal synaptic transmission (in the absence of injection) was monitored over a 24 h period in all animals to confirm stability of evoked responses. Subsequently, a control experiment (e.g. potentiation or basal synaptic transmission) was carried out in the presence of vehicle injection and ∼1 week later the same experiment was carried out in the same animal in the presence of a drug injection.
Only animals which expressed robust LTP (in the presence of vehicle) were used for MPEP experiments. Input–output curves were compared 1 week after this vehicle LTP experiment to ensure that evoked potentials had returned to basal levels. In some cases, MPEP/LTP experiments were conducted first and 1 week later vehicle/LTP experiments were conducted to exclude the possibility that metaplastic changes (arising as a consequence of the initial LTP/vehicle experiment) could influence the outcome of the MPEP/LTP experiments. The order of the vehicle and MPEP experiments was not found to play any role in the outcome of the experiments.
Measurement of Evoked Potentials
Responses were evoked by stimulating at low frequency (0.025 Hz, 0.2 ms stimulus duration, 16 000 Hz sample rate). For each time-point, five evoked responses were averaged. Both field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude were monitored. The amplitude of PS was measured from the peak of the first positive deflection of the evoked potential to the peak of the following negative potential. fEPSP slope was measured as the maximal slope through the five steepest points obtained on the first positive deflection of the potential. By means of input–output curve determination the maximum PS amplitude was found for each individual animal and all potentials employed as baseline criteria were evoked at a stimulus intensity which produced 40 % of this maximum.
LTP was induced by a high frequency tetanus (HFT) of 200 Hz (10 bursts of 15 stimuli, 0.2 ms stimulus duration, 10 s interburst interval). The stimulus amplitude for this protocol was the same as that used for recordings.
The cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored throughout the course of each experiment; however, no alteration in EEG was seen as a result of HFT or drug application.
To examine the possible modulation by mGlu5 of presynaptic glutamate release, responses to paired-pulse stimulation were monitored. Pairs of stimuli were delivered at interpulse intervals (IPIs) of 20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 ms. Responses to paired-pulse stimulation were recorded 30 min after vehicle or MPEP (1.8 µg) injections. To determine whether MPEP treatment affected the intrinsic synaptic excitability, input–output curves were obtained 30 min following MPEP (1.8 µg) or vehicle treatment.
Compounds and Drug Treatment
The metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist MPEP was obtained from Tocris Cookson, Bristol, UK Ltd. For injection, MPEP was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl. MPEP or vehicle were injected in a 5 µl volume over a 6 min period via a Hamilton syringe. The Hamilton syringe was connected by means of a flexible polyurethane tube (∼30 cm) to an injection cannula which was inserted into the permanently implanted cannula. Antagonist or vehicle injection was carried out 30 min prior to tetanization to enable diffusion from the lateral cerebral ventricle to the hippocampus to occur (Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1998).
Throughout the experiments, injections were administered following measurement of the baseline for 30 min. In LTP experiments, a tetanus was applied 30 min following injection, with measurements then taken at t = 5, 10, 15 and then 15 min intervals up to 4 h, with additional measurements taken after 24 and 25h.
Alternatively, injection was conducted 5 min after HFT in order to ascertain the effects of MPEP or vehicle application on LTP maintenance. In this case basal synaptic transmission was followed for 60 min prior to HFT and measurements were then taken at t = 5, 10, 15 and then 15 min intervals up to 4 h, with additional measurements taken after 24 and 25 h.
Data Analysis
The baseline fEPSP or PS data were obtained by averaging the response to stimulating the perforant path, to obtain five sweeps at 0.025 Hz, every 5 or 15 min as described above. The data were then expressed as mean % pre-injection baseline reading ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was estimated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and by Student's t-tests. The probability level interpreted as statistically significant was P < 0.05.
Behavioural Experiments
The Radial Maze
The radial maze consisted of a central octagonal platform (26 cm in diameter) from which eight arms (67 cm long, 20 cm deep, 10 cm wide) radiated (Fig. 4A). The floor of the maze was made of dark grey polyvinylchloride, whereas the walls were made of transparant Plexiglas. The maze was elevated 80 cm above floor-level. The end of each arm, possessed a small circular indentation (1 cm deep, 3 cm diameter) ∼3.5 cm from the tip. In the centre of this indentation was a 3 mm deep 'food cup' (3 mm diameter), in which a 45 mg food pellet could be placed. The indentation served to prevent visibility of the food pellet from the centre of the maze. The sides but not the ends of the arms were walled.
The experimental room was brightly lit and had white walls which were decorated with conspicuous extra-maze cues. For example, on one of the white walls was placed a black cross (30 × 20 cm with the arms of the cross having a diameter of 10 cm); on another wall were two large black rectangles (50 × 70 cm), 10 cm apart. The cues remained constant throughout the study. The maze was placed centrally in the room.
Experimental Procedure
Male Wistar rats (9–13 weeks old) which had undergone implantation of an injection cannula, were used for the behavioural study.
For 2 days before commencement of radial maze training animals were habituated to the maze. Food pellets were placed at the end of each radial maze arm. Animals were taken individually from their home cages and placed in the centre of the maze for 15 min. Rats had access to all arms and could eat the pellets ad libitum. During these habituation days home cage food access was reduced so that animal weight decreased by 10–15% of pre-habituation levels.
On training days four arms were baited with a single food pellet (Dustless Precision Pellet; Bioserv, New Jersey). For each animal a different constellation of baited arms was randomly chosen. This constellation remained constant throughout the 10 days of training. The trial commenced with placement of the animal on the central platform. A trial was deemed finished as soon as the food pellets had been found or when 15 min had elapsed: whichever occurred first. Once retrieved by the animals, the food pellets were not replaced. The number of arm entries was recorded until the trial was finished. The exact position of the entered arms was noted, together with the time spent in the maze, the frequency of freezing and number of rearings. At the end of each trial the number of fecal boli was counted and the maze was cleaned. In order to avoid the use of intramaze cues (odor trails etc.) the maze was rotated by 45° after each training day.
Thirty minutes prior to the commencement of each trial, drug or vehicle injection was applied in a volume of 5 µl via the lateral cerebral ventricle with exactly the same procedure as for electrophysiological experiments.
Performance Scoring
Entry into an unbaited arm or entry into a baited arm without removing the food pellet was scored as a reference memory error. This reflects memory of information which remains constant across trials (Eichenbaum, 2002) and is a measure of long-term memory. Reentry into a baited arm from which the food pellet had already been retrieved was scored as a working memory error. This mirrors the ability of the animal to retain information for the duration of the trial, i.e. to temporarily hold information online and is a measure of short-term memory (Eichenbaum, 2002). Reentry into an unbaited arm was scored as a 'double' working and reference memory error: it comprises a reference memory error as an entry into an unbaited arm occurred but also comprises a working memory error as the animal has forgotten that it recently entered this arm.
Animal activity (locomotion) was determined by a simple calculation based on the amount of time spent in the maze and the number of arms crossed: (number of arms entered × 160)/(time spent in maze (s)),where 160 equals the length of the maze from arm tip to opposite arm tip.
Rearing, grooming and fecal boli were quantitatively assessed. Thus, number of rears, grooms and fecal boli were counted and compared between drug and vehicle-treated groups.
Data Analysis
The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to assess between group differences for individual trials. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to assess behavior across days of training. The Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test was used to evaluate within-group differences. The probability level interpreted as statistically significant was P < 0.05.
Antagonism of mGlu5 Has No Effect on Basal Synaptic Transmission
When MPEP was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle as 1.8 µg in a 5 µl injection volume, no effect on synaptic transmission was seen over the 25 h monitoring period [n = 11, compared to controls n = 8; Fig. 1A–C; confirmed by ANOVA: between-factor, F(1,31) = 0.53, P < 0.985 for PS; F(1,31) = 0.77, P < 0.8122 for fEPSP]. Similarly, no effect was seen when 3.6 µg MPEP was injected [n = 4; Fig. 1A; confirmed by ANOVA: between-factor, F(1,31) = 0.69 P < 0.8902 for PS; F(1,31) = 0.47, P < 0.9937 for fEPSP].
Analysis of input–output curves obtained 30 min following vehicle (n = 6) or MPEP (3.6 µg, n = 6) injection revealed no differences in the responsiveness to stimulation intensities varying from 100 through 900 µA (Fig 1D).
To confirm that MPEP did not produce changes in basal transmission, responses to paired pulse stimulation were examined. Pairs of stimuli were delivered at interpulse intervals (IPIs) of 20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 ms. Responses to paired-pulse stimulation were recorded 30 min after vehicle (n = 6) and MPEP (3.6 µg, n = 8) injections. No significant difference in paired pulse responsiveness was seen (Fig 1E).
Antagonism of mGlu5 Dose-dependently Impairs Long-term Potentiation
High frequency tetanization (200 Hz; HFT = 10 bursts of 15 stimuli, 0.2 ms stimulus duration) resulted in robust long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in vivo (Fig. 2). MPEP (1.8 µg, n = 7) when applied 30 min prior to HFT did not significantly alter the initial magnitude of potentiation (5 min post-HFT) when compared to vehicle-injected animals (n = 7). Approximately 2.5 h after tetanization the fEPSP slope and the PS amplitude had significantly decreased compared to LTP levels in vehicle-injected animals. For PS amplitude the response was significantly different from controls from 2.5 h post-HFT (P < 0.05). A similar decrease was also seen in fEPSP, with a significant difference from controls appearing at 165 min post-HFT (P < 0.05; Fig. 2). A complete return of evoked potentials to pre-HFT levels did not occur in the initial 4 h monitoring period, however. Four hours post-HFT a significantly (P < 0.01) higher magnitude of PS amplitude and fEPSP slope was detected compared to animals which received MPEP in the absence of HFT (baseline controls; Fig. 1).
Twenty four hours post-HFT, LTP was still evident in control animals, but was significantly inhibited in MPEP treated animals (Fig. 2). Thus, both PS amplitude and fEPSP slope had returned to basal levels when compared to animals which received MPEP in the absence of HFT (Fig. 2). MPEP in the 1.8 µg concentration had no effect on the fEPSP properties during the tetanus (n = 6, Fig 2C). Although the higher concentration of 3.6 µg show tendencies in some cases towards an inhibition of the fEPSP during the tetanus, no consistent responses were obtained. This suggests that the higher concentration of MPEP may have been at the threshold for impairment of NMDA currents (Mannaioni et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2002), but not suprathreshold enough to generate consistent effects.
Raising the concentration of MPEP to 3.6 µg (n = 7) resulted in a more potent inhibition of LTP. Thus, 5 min after MPEP application a significant reduction in LTP induction was seen. Four hours after HFT, evoked potentials had returned to basal levels compared to baseline controls (Fig. 2). Furthermore, the PS amplitude immediately following application of HFT was statistically lower than in 1.8 µg MPEP-injected controls (P < 0.05; t = 5 min post-HFT; Fig. 2).
ANOVA confirmed the statistical significance between the control and 1.8 µg MPEP-treated LTP groups, as well as between the two groups which received different concentrations of MPEP. Comparing the PS values of the control and 1.8 µg MPEP groups, the statistical results for the between-factor analysis was F(1,31) = 72.29, P < 0.0001. For fEPSP values the between-factor analysis yielded F(1,31) = 119.09, P < 0.0001. Comparing the 1.8 µg MPEP group with the 3.6 µg MPEP group results in the between-factor analysis yielded F(1,31) = 65.29, P < 0.0001 for the PS and F(1,31) = 27.85, P < 0.0001 for the fEPSP values.
Application of the mGlu5 Antagonist MPEP 5 min after High-frequency Tetanization Results in a Significant Impairment of Late LTP
The effects of MPEP in the lower dose (1.8 µg) on LTP maintenance could have occurred through modulation of LTP induction by HFT. To examine this possibility, MPEP was applied 5 min after HFT. In this case, a significant impairment of LTP with regard to both PS and fEPSP slope was seen which became evident 24 h after MPEP was applied [Fig 3; P < 0.05; confirmed by ANOVA, between factor: F(1,29) = 4.00, P < 0.0001 for PS; F(1,29) = 19.12, P < 0.0001 for fEPSP slope]. These data support a modulation by MPEP of LTP maintenance corresponding to an inhibition of late LTP.
Antagonism of mGlu5 Significantly Impairs Reference Memory
Administration of MPEP (1.8 µg, n = 7) caused a significant impairment of reference memory performance compared to vehicle-treated controls (n = 5) which became evident from day 5 onwards (Fig. 4B).
Thus, on days 1–4 no significant effect was seen [Mann–Whitney U (n1 = 5, n2 = 7) for day 1 = 14; for day 2 = 11; for day 3 = 7 for day 4 = 12]. However, a significant effect was seen on day 5 [Mann–Whitney U (n1 = 5, n2 = 7) = 2.5 (P < 0.05); day 6 = 3 (P < 0.05); day 7 = 3 (P < 0.05); day 8 = 2.5 (P < 0.05); day 9 = 1 (P < 0.05) and day 10 = 1.5 (P < 0.05)]. ANOVA confirmed a significant effect between the MPEP- and vehicle-treated groups across trial days: between factor, F(1,9) = 3.95, P < 0. 0003.
Antagonism of mGlu5 Significantly Impairs Working Memory
Application of MPEP (1.8 µg, n = 7) caused a significant impairment of working memory performance compared to vehicle-treated controls (n = 5) which became evident from day 5 onwards (Fig. 4C).
Thus, on days 1–4 no significant effect was seen [Mann–Whitney U (n1 = 5, n2 = 7) for day 1 = 9; for day 2 = 13.5; for day 3 = 7; for day 4 = 10.5]. However, a significant effect was seen on day 5 (Mann–Whitney U (n1 = 5, n2 = 7) = 6 (P < 0.05); day 6 = 2.5 (P < 0.05); day 7 = 2.5 (P < 0.05); day 8 = 5 (P < 0.05); day 9 = 4 (P < 0.05) and day 10 = 1 (P < 0.05). ANOVA confirmed a significant effect between the MPEP- and vehicle-treated groups across trial days: between factor, F(1,9) = 2.45, P < 0. 04).
An analysis of 'double' working and reference memory scores (i.e. re-entry into an unbaited arm) showed that a significant effect impairment was caused by MPEP application (1.8 µg, n = 7) which became evident from day 7 onwards (Fig. 4D) compared to vehicle injected controls (n = 5).
On days 1–4 no significant effect was seen [Mann–Whitney U (n1 = 5, n2 = 7) for day 1 = 11; for day 2 = 11; for day 3 = 8 for day 4 = 9; for day 5 = 7.5; for day 6 = 8.5]. However, a significant effect was seen on day 7 [Mann–Whitney U (n1 = 5, n2 = 7) = 4.5 (P < 0.05); day 8 = 4.5 (P < 0.05); day 9 = 4 (P < 0.05) and day 10 = 3.5 (P < 0.05)]. ANOVA confirmed a significant effect between the MPEP- and vehicle-treated groups across trial days: between factor, F(1,9) = 3.95, P < 0. 0003).
Antagonism of mGlu5 Has No Effect on Locomotion, Rearing, Grooming or Defecation
The significant effects of MPEP on learning performance could perhaps be explained by a negative influence of the drug on locomotion. We therefore closely assessed locomotory behaviour on each of the experimental days. No difference was found in the activity of the MPEP treated group in comparison to vehicle injected controls [Fig. 5A; ANOVA: between factor, F(1,9) = 0.105, P < 0.409]. Thus, the effects of MPEP on working and reference memory performance are likely to have been mediated by a direct effect on learning.
Stress can impair the ability of an animal to learn or retrieve information. An anxiolytic or stress-enhancing effect of MPEP could thus alter learning performance. Defecation (i.e. number of fecal boli), number of rears and number of grooms were used as a general indication of the degree of stress and anxiety experienced by the animal. No significant difference in the number of fecal boli [ANOVA: between factor, F(1,9) = 1.367, P < 0.2167], rears [ANOVA: between factor, F(1,9) = 1.131, P < 0.3496], or grooms [ANOVA: between factor, F(1,9) = = 1.289, P < 0. 2523] was noted between the MPEP- and vehicle-treated groups (Fig. 5B–D).
The results of this study indicate that antagonism of mGlu5 receptors dose-dependently and differentially inhibits the induction and expression of LTP and causes a distinct impairment of working and reference memory of a spatial learning task. These data implicate mGlu5 as a critical link between synaptic plasticity and learning.
MGlu5 is predominantly postsynaptically localized (Shigemoto et al., 1997; Takumi et al., 1999) although presynaptic phospholipase C-coupled mGlu receptors exist (Sistiaga et al., 1998; Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1999a). MGlu5 typically occurs in membrane domains peripheral to postsynaptic specializations (Lujan et al., 1996). In the rat brain, the hippocampus, and in particular the dentate gyrus is among the regions with the highest density of mGlu5 receptors. They are located in the distal dendritic compartments of the dentate gyrus molecular layer but also expressed on interneurons (Baude et al., 1993; Lujan et al., 1996; Blümcke et al., 1996). Given the wide distribution of mGlu5 throughout the hippocampus it is thus quite possible that the CA1 region contributed to the effects on spatial memory seen in the present study. However, the greater density of mGlu5 receptors in dentate gyrus would support a significant contribution of this region to the impairments in learning observed.
Activation of mGlu5 results in the stimulation of dendritic protein synthesis (Huber et al., 2000), suppression of the calcium-activated potassium current (IAHP) and potentiation of NMDA receptor currents (Jia et al., 1998; Attucci et al., 2001; Mannaioni et al., 2001). Consistent with this latter observation, in the hippocampal slice preparation, antagonism of mGlu5 receptors results in an impairment of LTP induction due to inhibition of mGlu5 receptor-mediated NMDAR currents (Doherty et al., 2000; Mannaioni et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2002). MPEP is a highly selective antagonist at mGlu5. This compound exhibits an IC50 of 36 nM at mGlu5 with no activity at any other mGlu receptor subtype (Gasparini et al., 1999). We found that although basal synaptic transmission, paired pulse responses and input–output curves were unaffected, MPEP dose-dependently inhibited LTP and that the higher concentration of MPEP significantly inhibited the induction of LTP and was coupled with a rapid decline in potentiated responses. The latter effect is perhaps consistent with an inhibition of receptor-mediated NMDA receptor currents as reported by others in vitro (Mannaioni et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2002). However, analysis of the fEPSP during the tetanus in experiments where MPEP was applied at the higher concentration of 3.6 µg, did not reveal consistent inhibitory effects on the fEPSP. The higher concentration of MPEP may thus have been at the threshold for impairment of NMDA currents, but not suprathreshold enough to generate consistent effects. Effects on LTP induction were obtained with a concentration of MPEP (3.6 µg) which was far lower than that used to inhibit NMDA receptors in vitro (10 µM). This disparity may be derived from the very different experimental designs used. The in vitro experiments used a wash-in/wash-out approach to MPEP application. A wash-out is not practicable in vivo. The presence of the low concentration of MPEP in the hippocampus for a comparatively longer time period may explain why less drug was needed to elicit an inhibition of LTP induction than that used in vitro.
Although the higher concentration of MPEP may have elicited an LTP impairment through inhibition of NMDA receptor currents, the lower concentration of MPEP impaired late LTP in an NMDA receptor-independent manner. Thus, the fEPSP response during the tetanus was unaffected by this concentration of MPEP. In addition, application of MPEP after the tetanus successfully impaired late LTP. Interestingly, the application of protein synthesis inhibitors in vivo also causes an impairment of late LTP (Frey et al., 1988). Activation of mGlu5 receptors results in protein synthesis in conjunction with the induction of long-term depression in vitro (Huber et al., 2000, 2001) and the induction of synaptic potentiation in vivo (Manahan-Vaughan and Braunewell, 1999). In addition, the induction of dentate gyrus LTP in vivo is associated with an increase in the expression of mGlu5 receptors (Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1999b) and calcium sensor proteins (Manahan-Vaughan and Braunewell, 1999). In our study we saw an impairment of LTP by MPEP which became evident ∼2.5 h after LTP induction. (This effect may not have been detectable in in vitro studies due to the short duration of the experiments of ∼90 min post-tetanization). This impairment of late LTP may therefore be related to an inhibition of the synthesis of new proteins essential for the maintenance of LTP. This possibility is supported by the observation that application of MPEP after tetanization resulted in a significant inhibition of late LTP.
In our behavioral study, reference memory performance was determined by evaluating the number of times an animal entered an unbaited arm during a trial. By this means we could obtain information about the long-term storage of spatial information in the hippocampus. Working memory performance was determined by assessing the number of times during a trial that an animal returned to an arm from which the food pellet had been removed. Although working memory, by definition, reflects the ability of an animal to hold information 'online', it is also influenced by the performance of an animal within a given trial (Olton and Papas, 1979). Thus the working memory performance within a particular trial may differ, from a trial on a different day, depending on the arm first entered by the animal: the sequence of arm entries will also affect the working memory performance and the more the animal learns about the task the more effectively it can perform. From day to day the animal will learn to use its working memory more efficiently thus enabling an improvement in working memory performance towards the end of the trial series. This was indeed the case in the current study, as in control animals a progressive improvement in working memory was seen.
The behavioral study revealed that both working and reference memory were impaired by daily application of MPEP. These effects became evident ∼5 days after drug treatment began. Thus the ability of the animals to hold information online (working memory) as well as their ability to retain information over prolonged periods (reference memory) were significantly impaired. One could speculate that the impairments in working memory might have been caused by a modulation of NMDA currents by mGlu5 antagonism whereas reference memory was impaired by an inhibition in protein synthesis caused by MPEP application. In support of this latter possibility, behavioral studies which examined the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors have found learning and memory deficits in different paradigms (Nakajima, 1969; Bourtchouladze et al., 1998; Kogan et al., 2000; Vianna et al., 2001). The impairment of learning caused by the mGlu5 antagonist may therefore have been associated with an inhibition of mGlu5-stimulated protein synthesis and therefore a disturbance in information storage.
The correlation between the plasticity impairment and the delayed impairment of spatial learning seen in this study may perhaps be explained first of all by a task acquisition phase (which endures typically for 3–5 days in the radial maze), and secondly by the role of the hippocampus in learning as proposed by Lisman and Otmakhova (2001). According to the Lisman theory the dentate gyrus engages in (theta–gamma) phase coding of spatial information which is then stabilized in the CA3 region by sharp wave activity and then relayed onto to cortical storage regions by means of ripple activity in the CA1 region. If antagonism by MPEP of mGlu5 receptors and the associated disruption of LTP in the dentate gyrus interferes with the phase coding of a spatial map then a disruption of spatial memory as seen in our experiments would be expected. The delay in onset of the impairment may be caused by the fact that in the early days of the experiment the animal must first learn what the task is. Having acquired the 'rules of play' (task acquisition) the animal can then begin to store the spatial information required for locating the food pellets. The task acquisition usually takes 3–5 days in the radial maze, thus explaining why the differences in spatial learning first became apparent after 5 days.
The effects of MPEP on LTP appear to be tightly intertwined with the effects observed on learning in the present study, and furthermore suggest that the contribution of LTP to spatial learning is cumulative. Two days of acclimatization preceded the commencement of the learning trials. During this time the animals were given the opportunity to learn that the radial arms could contain food. The subsequent trials should have enabled precise learning of the pellet locations. Differences between working memory in the MPEP and control animals took 5 days to become apparent suggesting that the effects of MPEP were gradual. In other words, learning occurred because MPEP did not elicit a complete extinguishment of LTP; however, optimal learning did not occur because the trial repetitions were not accompanied by normal LTP. MPEP elicited an inhibition of LTP expression but no effect on LTP induction. STP (here meaning the phase of LTP which endured for ∼90 min post-tetanus) was reduced by MPEP, however. If working memory is determined by short-term potentiation, then the impairment of STP by MPEP may correspond to the impairment of working memory seen. As STP was not fully blocked, but rather attenuated by MPEP, the effects on working memory took 5 days to appear, supporting that the contribution of LTP to spatial learning is cumulative. This possibility is further supported by the reference memory data, where effects also became first apparent after 5 days and may correlate with the impairment of late LTP by MPEP, seen in this study.
Interestingly, antagonism of mGlu5 results in an alteration of EEG activity, such that delta (slow wave) activity becomes increasingly evident (Binns and Salt, 2001). An increase in slow wave activity is an indication of a reduction in the state of arousal (Steriade et al., 1993). Delta waves typically occur in deep sleep but are also believed to reflect decision-making processes (Basar et al., 2001). Increased delta activity as a result of mGlu5 receptor antagonism may reflect an interference in normal cognitive processing and thus underlie the deficits in learning observed in the present study.
Unilateral application of MPEP was sufficient to impair learning performance in the present study. Earlier work conducted by this group followed ligand diffusion following injection into one lateral cerebral ventricle (Manahan-Vaughan et al., 1998). Thirty minutes after injection a localized diffusion to the ipsilateral hippocampus was seen. One hour after injection, a gradual distribution to other brain regions via for example the third ventricle occurred. One therefore cannot exclude that repetitive daily application of MPEP would enable a brain distribution of the compound such that the hippocampus on the contralateral side would be affected.
Intraperitoneal MPEP injection inhibits locomotory activity (Spooren et al., 2000). No significant influence on locomotion were found in the current study. The lack of effect can perhaps be explained by the relatively low concentrations of the compound used and its intracerebral administration route. Intraperitoneal MPEP reduces anxiety (Spooren et al., 2000; Schulz et al., 2001). However, no significant effects on grooming, rearing and defecation were seen in the current study suggesting that anxiolysis was not elicited by MPEP in the concentration used. In contrast, studies where anxiolytic effects were caused by MPEP involved concentrations which were considerably higher than those used in our study, and which were systemically administered. For example, Tatarczynska et al. (2001) used 1–30 mg/kg, i.p., Brodkin et al. (2002) used 3–30 mg/kg, i.p. These findings are consistent with the likelihood that the concentration of MPEP used was subthreshold for induction of these behavioral effects.
One must consider that MPEP treatment caused visual impairments which contributed to the deficits in learning performance seen. However, studies conducted by others suggest that antagonism of mGlu5 using MPEP does not alter visual transmission. For example Cirone et al. (2002) demonstrated that antagonism of mGlu5 by MPEP does not alter visual responses in the rat using a concentration of the compound (5 µM) which was far in excess of that used in our study. Studies into the role of mGlu1 and mGlu5 in synaptic transmission of thalamocortical neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus also excluded a role for mGlu5 (Turner and Salt, 2000). Perhaps more convincingly, a behavioral study conducted to examine the role of mGlu5 in reversal of akinesia demonstrated that neither acute nor chronic (3 week) treatment with MPEP (1.5, 3 or 6 mg/kg, i.p.) had any effect on trained lever depression following a visual cue (Breysse et al., 2002). These findings would argue against the likelihood that the deficits in spatial learning, which we observed, were derived from visual impairments caused by mGlu5 antagonism.
The preferential selectivity of MPEP at the mGlu5 isoforms mGlu5a and mGlu5b has not been determined although its efficacy at antagonizing human mGlu5a receptors has been shown (Gasparini et al., 1999). It will be intriguing to ascertain whether these isoforms differentially mediate the contribution of the mGlu5 receptor to LTP and learning. An isoform specific regulation of LTP could account perhaps for the dose-dependent effects of the compound on LTP induction and late LTP. Thus, it has been demonstrated for example, that mGlu 5a inhibits whereas mGlu5b promotes the formation and development of neurites (Mion et al., 2001).
In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that antagonism of mGlu5 receptors leads to differential effects on the expression of LTP: an inhibition of LTP induction, corresponding perhaps to an inhibition of NMDA receptor currents and an inhibition of late LTP correlating perhaps with an impairment of mGlu5-triggered protein synthesis. Antagonism of mGlu5 was also associated with marked deficits in working and reference memory in an eight-arm radial maze consistent with a role for this receptor in spatial memory processes. These findings emphasize the importance of this receptor in both synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes and indicate an important contribution of mGlu5 in the coordination of these phenomena.
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants (Ma 1843; SFB 515/B8) to D.M.V.
- physical activity
- evoked potential
- cerebral ventricles
- dentate gyrus
- glutamates
- hippocampus (brain)
- long-term potentiation
- memory, short-term
- perforant pathway
- pyridines
- receptors, metabotropic glutamate
- synapses
- synaptic transmission
- arm
- behavior
- grooming (animal)
- memory
- rats
- antagonists
- glutamate
- granules
- visual learning


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The Foundation strives to maintain a strong presence in the Burnsville-Eagan-Savage community by hosting and participating in events locally.Learn More
We are proud to announce this year's round of grant recipients. Grants for the upcoming school year are announced at the May school board meeting.Learn More
Without your generous donation and those of our local business, these awards would not be possible for our student and staff members' innovative projects.Learn More
Thank you for joining us at our "Grapes & Grains for Grants" annual fundraiser on February 2 at the Ames Center in Burnsville. The evening featured wine and craft beer sponsored by Red Lion Liquor, a silent auction, and hors d'oeuvres by the Mediterranean Cruise Café. As always, we had a great time and enjoyed sharing the evening with friends, colleagues, and community members. We're already planning fun new additions to next year's event.Back to Top
Foundation 191 is a not-for-profit 501(c)3 corporation qualified to accept tax-deductible contributions and donations, bequests, devises, transfers, and/or gifts. All donations are tax-deductible and are put towards grants awarded for special projects in the Burnsville-Eagan-Savage school district.
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Iron Man
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We take a look back at the biggest Marvel events of the past decade to try and figure out where CIVIL WAR II fits into the mix.
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Neer Paravai News
Sunaina: Vanman will change people's perception of me
The pretty actress opens up about her upcoming flick Vanman as she speaks exclusively to Bollywoodlife
Speaking to Sunaina, you're in for a surprise – she's the exact opposite of the uneducated village belle roles that she has portrayed with conviction on the big screen. 17 films old, the talented actress is excited about her upcoming release in Tamil, Vanmam, where she shares screenspace with Vijay Sethupathy and Kreshna. She tells me that people's perception of her will change once they see her in Vanman. Read on… Click here to read more
South Indian Film Festival to be conducted at British university!
Six Tamil films are to receive a wider range of audience as they will be screened at South Indian Film Festival in an arts university in UK
Six Tamil films – Sutta Kadhai, Vidiyum Munna, Neethaane En Ponvasantham, Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai, Neram and Neer Paravai – will be screened June 6-8 as part of South Indian Film Festival at The Arts University Bournemouth in Britain. Click here to read more
Valentine's Day special: Siddharth-Amala Paul, Vijay-Kajal Aggarwal, Vikram-Anushka – Who shares the best chemistry?
Romance is the name of the game today. And we present to you the couples who sizzled onscreen with their hot chemistry
From the black and white days of yore, the onscreen chemistry between the lead pairs has been one of the biggest selling points of films. Think of Sivaji Ganesan-Padmini, MGR-Jayalalitha Click here to read more
Thuppakki, Poda Podi, Lollu Dada: Fireworks at the Tamil box office!
Kollywood audiences have a movie treat for themselves in Diwali 2012. Click to know the important movies releasing on November 13
It's not a cliché. There's going to be a cracker of a contest at the Kollywood box office this Deepavali. Here's a sneak peek into the three films that will add to the festive spirit for moviegoers, come November 13. Take a look… Click here to read more
Sunaina goes all out to look glamorous
Sunaina has played the village belle and the conservative city girl all this while. Now, the actor is going all out to change her look in her next film
Tamil film actor Sunaina is going glam in her next flick titled Pandi Oliperukki Nilayam. Click here to read more


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Movie Trailers - January 1935
August 1934 September 1934 October 1934 November 1934 December 1934 January 1935 February 1935 March 1935 April 1935 May 1935 June 1935 July 1935
Popular trailers for movies released in January 1935
Total trailers found: 187
David Copperfield Trailer (1935)
18 January 1935
Charles Dickens' classic tale of an orphaned boy's fight for happiness and the colorful characters who help and hinder him.
Charlie Chan in Paris Trailer (1935)
21 January 1935
Charlie's visit to Paris, ostensibly a vacation, is really a mission to investigate a bond-forgery racket.
The Tortoise and the Hare Trailer (1935)
05 January 1935
The Tortoise and the Hare is an animated short film released on January 5, 1935 by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by Wilfred Jackson.
The Lives of a Bengal Lancer Trailer (1935)
11 January 1935
In the Northwest Frontier of India, the 41st Bengal Lancers leaded by the harsh Colonel Tom Stone are having trouble with the rebellious leader Mohammed Khan.
Tit for Tat Trailer (1935)
05 January 1935
Stan & Ollie have set up their own electrical repair store. Unfortunately, for them, the grocery store opposite is run by the man and wife they encountered in Them Thar Hills (1935).
Danemon Ban: The Monster Exterminator Trailer (1935)
27 January 1935
The boozy mercenary of the title, based on the actual historical figure of Naoyuki Ban (1567-1615), attempts to rid a haunted castle of spooks.
The Gilded Lily Trailer (1935)
25 January 1935
New York stenographer Marilyn David meets Englishman Charles Gray and they fall in love. But Charles leaves town and Marilyn discovers he is a duke's son and already engaged.
Bordertown Trailer (1935)
23 January 1935
An ambitious Mexican-American gets mixed up with his boss"s neurotic wife.
I'll Give a Million Trailer (1935)
02 January 1935
A comedy about a hobo and a millionaire who swap roles after the millionaire rescues the hobo from a suicide attempt.
Square Shooter Trailer (1935)
21 January 1935
Tim returns from prison after being framed for murder to clear his name and retrieve the ranch taken from his uncle with a forged will.
The Night Is Young Trailer (1935)
11 January 1935
Young Austrian Archduke Paul "Gustl" Gustave is in an arranged engagement to Princess Matilda, but his uncle, the emperor, decides to let Gustl have a fling with ballet dancer Lisl Gluck.
Munkbrogreven Trailer (1935)
21 January 1935
In one of the narrow streets of the Old town of Stockholm lies hotel City. It's inhabited by mysterious characters such as 'Greven', 'Blomman' and others.
The Payoff Trailer (1935)
09 January 1935
A sports columnist's greedy wife talks him into shilling for a wrestling promoter.
Big Boy Rides Again Trailer (1935)
05 January 1935
Justin de Marseille Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
A respected gangster, Justin, finds himself in a deadly feud with his rival, the unscrupulous Esposito.
Late Extra Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
A newspaper reporter sets out to track down the murderer of a policeman.
Society Doctor Trailer (1935)
25 January 1935
Two surgeons (Chester Morris, Robert Taylor) in love with a nurse (Virginia Bruce) end their rivalry in the operating room.
A Colour Box Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
Animated shapes dance to Cuban music. This was one of the first animations to be painted directly onto the film.
Palooka from Paducah Trailer (1935)
11 January 1935
A hillbilly family, hard-hit by the end of Prohibition, decide to set the biggest brother up as a professional wrestler.
Sweepstake Annie Trailer (1935)
29 January 1935
A young woman who works in the movie business buys a sweepstakes ticket that turns out to be a winner.
Clive of India Trailer (1935)
25 January 1935
In the mid-1700's the East India Company has power over commerce on the sub-continent, with the blessings of the British government.
The Sleeping Beauty Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
Sleeping Beauty Short done in Stop Motion animation. Philips Radio was one of the first companies to utilize George Pal's Puppetoon films for advertising.
Suburban Cabaret Trailer (1935)
17 January 1935
In Vienna of 1913 a young woman coming from vaudeville theatre circles stands before the wedding with a construction draftsman; this must move to the military and sends his bride on the country, so that she cannot be enticed to the stage.
Friesennot Trailer (1935)
02 January 1935
The peaceful life of a village of Frisions by the river Volga is troubled by the arrival of a troop of Red Guards led by the inhuman commissary Tschernoff.
Buried Loot Trailer (1935)
19 January 1935
An embezzler who expects to serve his time in prison and then pick up his buried loot is in for a surprise.
The Stoker Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
British comedy film directed by Leslie Pearce.
Jeden Tag Zufriedenheit Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
Short film about motorbikes.
Biography of a Bachelor Girl Trailer (1935)
04 January 1935
Everyweek Newsmagazine editor Richard Kurt pursues psuedo-portait artist Marion Forsythe on her arrival from Europe after painting (and possibly being involved with) notables all over the continent.
Enter Madame Trailer (1935)
04 January 1935
Man marries opera singer, winds up taking back seat to her career.
Abdul the Damned Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
Set amid the turbulence of the Young Turk movement within the dying Ottoman Empire, Abdul the Damned was among the first films directed in Britain by Karl Grune, acclaimed director of 1923's Die Strasse (The Street), who had fled Nazi Germany in 1933; the film also features starring roles for fellow German émigré and Pandora's Box star Fritz Kortner, Scottish screen idol John Stuart, and Swedish silent-era heart-throb Nils Asther.
Heaven on Earth Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
A poor composer who should buy a property for his ambitious father-in-law finances with the money, nevertheless, an opera.
Car of Dreams Trailer (1935)
09 January 1935
Produced by the highly acclaimed Michael Balcon, the story revolves around Robert, the son of the owner of a musical instrument factory.
Speed Limited Trailer (1935)
12 January 1935
A wealthy blonde gal in Las Vegas gets mixed up with a lady gangster and the G-man that is chasing the gangster.
Oberwachtmeister Schwenke Trailer (1935)
14 January 1935
Maybe It's Love Trailer (1935)
12 January 1935
Director William C. McGann's 1935 film stars Gloria Stuart and Ross Alexander as a young couple in love who face economic woes once they're wed.
Taro's Monster Hunt Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
A 1936 movie short about Taro a young man and his adventures against various creatures from different legends.
The Magic Shoes Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
Short lost Australian film based on the story of Cinderella
Loser's End Trailer (1935)
24 January 1935
Jack rides into trouble when he meets up with Bill Meeker and his outlaw gang. Rescued from the gang's clutches by Don carlos, he joins forces with Carlos and with the help of Lolita who learns of the gang's next raid, they go after the culprits.
Sequoia Trailer (1935)
16 January 1935
Toni lives with her father, writer Matthew Martin, in the Sequoia forests of California. While walking, she finds and brings home, a small puma which she calls 'Gato' and a young fawn, called 'Malibu'.
Golgotha Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
Chandu on the Magic Island Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
On the mystic island of Lemuria, the cult of Ubasti seek the Egyptian Princess Nadji to sacrifice so that their goddess Ossana, whose soul resides in Nadji's body, may be resurrected by Black Magic.
Grand Old Girl Trailer (1935)
15 January 1935
An elderly schoolteacher is determined to rid her town of the local gambling den.
Mr. and Mrs. Is the Name Trailer (1935)
18 January 1935
Mermaids sing to us about mermaids and fishes at play; they and some other sea creatures dance to it.
Chinese Lanterns Trailer (1935)
31 January 1935
Animation about children playing and painting Chinese Lanterns, then a lot of things goes wrong.
Punks kommt aus Amerika Trailer (1935)
25 January 1935
The Wafdist Congress in 1934 Trailer (1935)
02 January 1935
Directed by Niazi Mostafa.
The Groom Talks in His Sleep Trailer (1935)
13 January 1935
This pair of gentle yet witty and inventive comedies from the director of The Neighbour's Wife and Mine typify both the formal experimentation of early Japanese sound cinema and the social milieux that Shochiku tended to depict.
Hermine und die sieben Aufrechten Trailer (1935)
11 January 1935
Vibration of Granada Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
This is a short film that, although a documentary in appearance, has very little to do with the generic conventions of that form.
Regine Trailer (1935)
07 January 1935
Venice Film Festival 1935
Glückspilze Trailer (1935)
04 January 1935
Tears of Love Trailer (1935)
02 January 1935
Egyptian film directed by Mohammad Karim.
Le scarpe al sole Trailer (1935)
02 January 1935
Directed by Marco Elter.
Hyde Park Corner Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
A dead man's curse on a London party house seems to echo from 1780 to 1936.
A Bum Deal Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
In 1932, Michel Simon plays in "Boudu sauvé des eaux" under the direction of Jean Renoir.Three years later, he was again invited to don the clothes of the famous tramp on the sets of Boulogne.
The Revenge of Yukinojo Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
An onnagata (female impersonator) of a Kabuki troupe avenges his parents' deaths. Remade in 1963 as Yukinojô Henge.
Life Returns Trailer (1935)
02 January 1935
A doctor who has spent his career working on ways to revive the dead sees his chance to prove his theory by performing his procedures on a recently deceased dog.
Papageno Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
No overview found.
Plenty of Time for Play Trailer (1935)
01 January 1935
It takes a leap of imagination to get from the electric oven in 1935 to plastic clothes, video phones, vacuum tube emails, and the home cinema by 1955.
The White Cockatoo Trailer (1935)
29 January 1935
In a spooky hotel on the wind-swept coast of France, two bands of crooks are working independently of the other in an attempt to steal the inherited fortune of an American girl, Sue Tally.


text:
Use of normalised difference vegetation index, nitrogen concentration, and total nitrogen content of whole maize plant and plant fractions to estimate yield and nutritive value of hybrid forage maize
Islam M.R.,University of Sydney |
Garcia S.C.,University of Sydney |
Henry D.,Dairy Australia
Crop and Pasture Science | Year: 2011
This study was conducted to investigate the potentials of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), nitrogen (N) concentration (%), and N content (g/plant) of whole maize plant to estimate yield and nutritive value of hybrid forage maize. Hybrid forage maize was grown with two rates of pre-sowing fertiliser N (0, 135kg/ha) and three rates of post-sowing fertiliser N (0, 79, 158kgN/ha) applied at the six-leaf stage. Data on the NDVI and N (% and g/plant) of maize were collected at 2-, 3-, 6-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 18-leaf stages and at harvest. Metabolisable energy (ME) content of the whole maize plant at harvest was estimated from in vitro digestibility. Simple, polynomial, and multiple regression analyses were conducted and only the best-fit models were selected. The 8-leaf stage was found to be the most effective stage for use of the NDVI in predicting biomass yield (R2=0.81), grain yield (R 2=0.72), and N (%) (R2=0.92) of forage maize. Nitrogen (%) at the 8-leaf stage was also best related to biomass yield (R 2=0.88). Multiple regressions at the 3-leaf stage increased the coefficient of determination for both biomass yield and grain yield (R 2=0.77) over the relationships obtained from N (%) of the whole plant at 2- or 3-leaf stage. The NDVI and N (%) of the whole plant at 8-leaf stage were the best predictors of yield, but failed to predict ME content of the hybrid forage maize. Multiple regression models at the 3-leaf stage were almost as effective as the NDVI and N (%) of whole maize plant at the 8-leaf stage in predicting biomass and grain yield of forage maize. © CSIRO 2011. Source
Effects of grain, fructose, and histidine feeding on endotoxin and oxidative stress measures in dairy heifers
Golder H.M.,University of Sydney |
Lean I.J.,University of Sydney |
Rabiee A.R.,University of Sydney |
King R.,Dairy Australia |
And 2 more authors.
Journal of Dairy Science | Year: 2013
Ruminal endotoxin and plasma oxidative stress biomarker concentrations were studied in dairy heifers challenged with grain, fructose, and histidine in a partial factorial study. Holstein-Friesian heifers [n=30; average body weight (BW) of 359.3±47.3kg] were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups: (1) control (no grain); (2) grain [crushed triticale at 1.2% of BW dry matter intake (DMI)]; (3) grain (0.8% of BW DMI) + fructose (0.4% of BW DMI); (4) grain (1.2% of BW DMI) + histidine (6g/head); and (5) grain (0.8% of BW DMI) + fructose (0.4% of BW DMI) + histidine (6g/head). Rumen samples were collected by stomach tube 5, 65, 115, 165, and 215min after diet consumption and blood samples at 5 and 215min after consumption. Rumen fluid was analyzed for endotoxin concentrations. Plasma was analyzed for concentrations of the following oxidative stress biomarkers: reactive oxygen metabolites (dROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), advanced oxidation protein products, and ceruloplasmin, and activity of glutathione peroxidase. Dietary treatment had no effect on concentrations of endotoxin or oxidative stress biomarkers. We observed no interactions of treatment by time. Ruminal concentrations of endotoxin decreased during the sampling period from 1.12×105 ± 0.06 to 0.92×105 endotoxin units/mL ± 0.05 (5 and 215min after diet consumption, respectively). Concentrations of dROM and the oxidative stress index (dROM/BAP × 100) increased over the sampling period, from 108.7 to 123.5 Carratelli units (Carr U), and from 4.1 to 4.8, respectively. Ceruloplasmin concentrations markedly declined 5min after the consumption of diets, from 190 to 90mg/L over the 215-min sampling period. Overall, a single feeding challenge for dairy cattle with grain, fructose, and histidine, and combinations thereof, may not be sufficient to induce marked changes in endotoxin or oxidative stress biomarker concentrations. © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Source
Lean I.J.,University of Sydney |
Golder H.M.,University of Sydney |
Black J.L.,John L Black Consulting |
King R.,Dairy Australia |
Rabiee A.R.,University of Sydney
Journal of Animal Science | Year: 2013
Our objective was to evaluate a near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) used in the feed industry to estimate the potential for grains to increase the risk of ruminal acidosis. The existing NIRS calibration was developed from in sacco and in vitro measures in cattle and grain chemical composition measurements. To evaluate the existing model, 20 cultivars of 5 grain types were fed to 40 Holstein heifers using a grain challenge protocol and changes in rumen VFA, ammonia, lactic acids, and pH that are associated with acidosis were measured. A method development study was performed to determine a grain feeding rate sufficient to induce non-life threatening but substantial ruminal changes during grain challenge. Feeding grain at a rate of 1.2% of BW met these criteria, lowering rumen pH (P = 0.01) and increasing valerate (P < 0.01) and propionate concentrations (P = 0.01). Valerate was the most discriminatory measure indicating ruminal change during challenge. Heifers were assigned using a row by column design in an in vivo study to 1 of 20 grain cultivars and were reassigned after a 9 d period (n = 4 cattle/treatment). The test grains were dry rolled oats (n = 3), wheat (n = 6), barley (n = 4), triticale (n = 4), and sorghum (n = 3) cultivars. Cattle were adapted to the test grain and had ad libitum access to grass silage 11 d before the challenge. Feed was withheld for 14 h before challenge feeding with 0.3 kg DM of silage followed by the respective test grain fed at 1.2% of BW. A rumen sample was taken by stomach tube 5, 65, 110, 155, and 200 min after grain consumption. The rumen is not homogenous and samples of rumen fluid obtained by stomach tube will differ from those gained by other methods. Rumen pH was measured immediately; individual VFA, ammonia, and D-and L-lactate concentrations were analyzed later. Rumen pH (P = 0.002) and all concentrations of fermentation products differed among grains (P = 0.001). A previously defined discriminant score calculated at 200 min after challenge was used to rank grains for acidosis risk. A significant correlation between the discriminant score and the NIRS ranking (r = 0.731, P = 0.003) demonstrated the potential for using NIRS calibrations for predicting acidosis risk of grains in cattle. The overall rankings of grains for acidosis risk were wheat > triticale > barley > oats > sorghum. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. Source
Yin J.,Menzies Research Institute |
Dwyer T.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute |
Riley M.,Dairy Australia |
Cochrane J.,Menzies Research Institute |
Jones G.,Menzies Research Institute
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition | Year: 2010
Background/Objectives: Fetal life may be a critical period for the development and/or programming of metabolic systems, including the skeleton. However, it is unclear on the association between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and bone mass in their offspring at adolescence.Subjects/Methods: This was a birth cohort study of 216 adolescents (16.2±0.4 years). Dietary intake was measured by food frequency questionnaire. Bone densitometry was measured at the femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body by DXA. Results: After adjustment for confounders, bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck was positively associated with magnesium density and negatively associated with fat density (all P-values <0.05). BMD of the lumbar spine was positively associated with calcium, magnesium and phosphorus density and negatively associated with fat density (all P-values <0.05). Maternal milk intake was significantly positively associated with lumbar spine BMD. After considering all significant nutrients in the same model, fat density remained significant negatively for the femoral neck and lumbar spine, whereas magnesium density remained significant positively for the femoral neck. No nutrient was significant for the total body. Conclusions: Maternal intake of milk, fat and magnesium during the third trimester of pregnancy is predictive of BMD at age 16, suggesting that in utero diet influences peak bone mass possibly through programming bone responses. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. Source
Guidelines for experimental design protocol and validation procedure for the measurement of heat resistance of microorganisms in milk
Condron R.,Dairy Australia |
Farrokh C.,CNIEL French Dairy Organisation |
Jordan K.,Teagasc |
McClure P.,Unilever |
And 2 more authors.
International Journal of Food Microbiology | Year: 2015
Studies on the heat resistance of dairy pathogens are a vital part of assessing the safety of dairy products. However, harmonized methodology for the study of heat resistance of food pathogens is lacking, even though there is a need for such harmonized experimental design protocols and for harmonized validation procedures for heat treatment studies. Such an approach is of particular importance to allow international agreement on appropriate risk management of emerging potential hazards for human and animal health. This paper is working toward establishment of a harmonized protocol for the study of the heat resistance of pathogens, identifying critical issues for establishment of internationally agreed protocols, including a harmonized framework for reporting and interpretation of heat inactivation studies of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. Source