text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 15, 1991
|Filing date
|Jun 13, 1990
|Priority date
|Jun 13, 1990
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Gerald D. Miller, Michael M. Baas
|Original Assignee
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (40), Classifications (10), Legal Events (11)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Paper coating compositions, or coating colors, are used by the paper industry to impart the desired strength and cosmetic properties to finished paper. The coating composition is an aqueous dispersion consisting mainly of mineral pigments like clay, calcium carbonate or titanium dioxide, and pigment binders of natural protein, for example casein or soy protein, starch or synthetic polymer emulsions. Styrene-butadienes and polyvinyl acetates are examples of such synthetic emulsion binders. Coating compositions may also contain low levels of additives, such as thickeners, humectants and lubricants.
Coating compositions are usually applied to a continuous web of material by high speed coating machines, such as blade coaters, air knife coaters, rod coaters and roll coaters. There are trends in the paper industry to use faster coaters to increase productivity and to use higher solids coating compositions to decrease drying costs and improve binder distribution which enhances paper quality.
Polyvinyl alcohol is commonly dissolved in water by heating and added to a high solids aqueous pigment dispersion which is then incorporated into a typical coating color composition. The polyvinyl alcohol portion is commonly used to "carry" fluorescent whitening agents (optical brighteners) in coating color compositions that result in the highest quality printing papers. It is known in the art to add partially or fully hydrolyzed lower molecular weight polyvinyl alcohols as aqueous solutions to such color compositions.
Low molecular weight, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol is currently used world-wide as a minor (about 0.5-2 parts/100 parts pigment) but important ingredient in paper coating compositions to carry optical brightners. Typically these compositions are designed for maximum solids. The currently used grades are 98+% hydrolyzed and have a degree of polymerization ranging from 100-600. These fully hydrolyzed, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohols are "cooked out" in water. i.e., dissolved in water by heating, prior to incorporation into the pigment dispersion. Even though added as a solution at a low level based on total weight of dry ingredients, the additional water incorporated is considered undesirable since the goal is to higher and higher solids coating compositions.
The present invention provides a method for preparing a high solids, aqueous paper coating composition containing polyvinyl alcohol as a co-binder. A partially hydrolyzed, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol as dry particulate solids is mixed into the high solids aqueous paper coating composition without external heating preferably at high shear rates. The dry particulate solids can be mixed into an aqueous pigment dispersion which is then formulated with binders and other components to produce the paper coating composition.
The advantage of adding the partially hydrolyzed, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol as dry resin particles is that it completely solubilizes in the high solids aqueous paper coating composition or pigment dispersion without the need for external heating, i.e., no "cook-out" process is required thus saving time, steam energy costs and labor costs.
In addition, no extra water is introduced into the ultimate paper coating composition since the polyvinyl alcohol is added as a dry product and thus helps satisfy the industry's need to maximize solids in paper coating compositions for faster drying and faster machine speeds.
The aqueous pigment dispersion would typically consist of clay or calcium carbonate or mixtures of the two at solids levels ranging from about 70 to 76%. In general, at least a portion of the pigment comprises calcium carbonate and for the clay portion, any of the clays customarily used for the paper coating, such as the hydrous aluminum silicates of the kaolin group clays, hydrated silica clays and the like can be used. In addition to the calcium carbonate and clay, there may be added other paper pigments, such as, for example titanium dioxide, blanc fixe, lithopone, zinc sulfide, or other coating pigments, including plastics, for example, polystyrene, in various ratios, for example, up to 50 wt %. preferably up to 35 wt % based on calcium carbonate and clay. Additionally, the composition may also contain other additives. such as zinc oxide and/or a small amount of a dispersing or stabilizing agent, such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
In contrast to the prior art practice of cooking low molecular weight, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol into an aqueous solution for addition to the aqueous pigment dispersion, dry particulate low molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol is simply added to the aqueous pigment dispersion and, preferably, is vigorously mixed at room temperature.
Partially hydrolyzed grades of polyvinyl alcohol are known to contain high percentages of cold water soluble fractions although they have, in the past, been erroneously labeled "cold water soluble" products. Typically, these products contain a small distribution of higher hydrolysis fractions which require heat to completely solubilize. For example, AIRVOL® 803 polyvinyl alcohol (87-89 mole% hydrolyzed; degree of polymerization of about 235) exhibits 93% solubles when slurried in 60° F. water for 45 minutes with agitation. The 7% insolubles would result in streaks if this aqueous "solution" were added to a pigment dispersion, incorporated into a paper coating composition and applied to paper on high speed coaters.
However, when the dry resin particles of AIRVOL 803 polyvinyl alcohol were added to a 76% solids aqueous calcium carbonate pigment dispersion at two parts per 100 parts calcium carbonate (dry/dry) and mixed with a high speed impeller at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature as shown in Example 2, only 0.002% of the particulate matter was collected on a 270 mesh screen. This was only 1/4 the quantity found with a commercial cold water soluble starch (MYLBOND ES-E) currently sold in Europe as a cold water soluble dry resin additive. The calcium carbonate pigment dispersion itself resulted in no noticeable particles on the 270 mesh screen.
Suitable low molecular weight, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols for the practice of this invention can be 70-90, preferably 85-90, and most preferably 87-89, mole% hydrolyzed and have a degree of polymerization (DPn) ranging from 50-600. preferably 185 to 255. Another means for assessing the DPn of the polyvinyl alcohol is ts viscosity as a 4 wt% aqueous solution at 20° C. Suitable polyvinyl alcohols would have a viscosity ranging from about 2 to 7. Such polyvinyl alcohols can be prepared by synthesis and saponification techniques well-known to those skilled in the art of manufacturing polyvinyl alcohol. A preferred polyvinyl alcohol having a DPn of about 235 and an 87-89 mole% hydrolysis is marketed by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. under the trademark AIRVOL® 803. The polyvinyl alcohol is incorporated into the high solids aqueous pigment dispersion without the need for "cook-out", i.e. external heating, by adding it as a dry resin advantageously with vigorous mixing.
The high solids aqueous pigment dispersion containing the polyvinyl alcohol as a co-binder can then be used to prepare paper coating compositions comprising (parts by wt): 100 parts pigment containing clay and/or calcium carbonate and 0 to 35 parts secondary pigment; 0.01 to 0.5 parts dispersing or stabilizing agent; 1 to 30 parts polymer binder emulsion (solids basis); 0.1 to 10 parts, preferably 0.5 to 2 parts, polyvinyl alcohol co-binder; 0.1 to 20 parts other co-binders; 0 to 0.2 parts defoamer, and sufficient water to provide the desired level of solids, usually about 45 to 70 wt %, preferably 60 to 70 wt % for high solids paper coating compositions.
Alternatively the particulate polyvinyl alcohol may be blended directly into the paper coating composition, i.e., the pigment dispersion containing the binder and any other additives, without the need for "cook-out", i.e. external heating.
Although vigorous mixing (high shear rate) is preferred, it is not essential. The time required to dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol solids is inversely related to the intensity of the mixing. In addition, the finer the particle size, the faster the particles will dissolve into the aqueous medium.
The coating compositions produced may be applied to fibrous paper webs using any of the conventional coating devices, including trailing blade coaters, air-knife coaters roll coaters, and the like.
This example shows the solubility of various Airvol PVOH's after 45 min of stirring 5 g of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) in 100 ml water at 60° F. (16° C.) and screening the mixture through a 325 mesh sieve.
TABLE 1______________________________________ % solublesPVOH mole % hydr DPn visc (cps) 60° F./45 min______________________________________A-125 99.3+ 1500 26-30 4A-165 99.3+ 2000 55-65 3A-103 98+ 235 3.2-4.2 18A-107 98+ 500 5.4-6.5 21A-325 98+ 1500 26-30 3A-350 98+ 2000 55-65 3A-425 95.5-96.5 1500 25-29 36A-803 87-89 235 3-4 93A-205 87-89 500 5-6 94A-523 87-89 1500 22-26 88A-540 87-89 2000 40-50 79______________________________________
Various binders were tested for solubility in a 76% calcium carbonate slip that comprised 2 parts binder per 100 parts calcium carbonate. The binders as dry particles were added slowly to the calcium carbonate slip, mixed for 5 minutes at 1500 rpm in a Cowles dissolver at 25° C., and then screened through a 270 mesh sieve. The % insolubles retained on the screen was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________Run Binder % Insolubles Comments______________________________________1 -- 0 No particles on screen.2 Mylbond ES-E 0.009 Small amount of starch particles on screen.3 A-205s PVOH 0.005 Small amount of particles on screen.4 A-803 PVOH 0.002 Small amount of particles on screen.______________________________________
A-205s PVOH is similar to A-205 PVOH except for having a finer particle size.
The data shows that A-205 and A-803 PVOH's when added as dry particulates to the pigment composition and mixed without external heating surprisingly went almost completely into solution in contrast to what would have been expected from the solubility data in Example 1.
This example shows the use of clay by itself and in combination with calcium carbonate as the pigment in a 70-72% solids dispersion. Table 3 identifies the pigment and dry particles of PVOH used (2 parts PVOH/100 parts pigment) and presents the data for the undissolved PVOH particles in the pigment dispersion after the mixing period. The amount of heat generated by the high shear Cowles mixer depends upon the viscosity and rheology of the ingredients, and upon the total time mixed. In these rather viscous systems temperatures typically reached 150° F. (66° C.) after 15 minutes.
TABLE 3______________________________________Run CaCO3 /Clay PVOH Cowles Min % on 325 Mesh______________________________________ 5 70/30 -- 5 0.04 6 70/30 A-803 2 0.54 7 70/30 A-803 5 0.36 8 70/30 A-803 15 0.08 9 70/30 A-803 30 0.0810 70/30 A-103 15 34.411 70/30 A-103 30 9.012 30/70 -- 5 0.0813 30/70 A-803 15 0.1114 0/100 -- 5 0.0315 0/100 A-803 15 0.04______________________________________
A-103--Airvol 103 PVOH (98+mole% hydrolyzed, DPn=235)
The performance of various PVOH's added as dry particles at 2 parts PVOH/100 parts pigment are shown by this example. The pigment dispersion was 70/30 calcium carbonate/clay at 71% solids and 25° C. Table 4 presents the data. In this example, no heat was imparted at the lower shear rates (200 rpm), et the A-803 PVOH showed only 0.021% insolubles on a 325 mesh screen.
TABLE 4______________________________________ Mixer % InsolublesRun PVOH Speed (rpm) Time (min) 325 MESH______________________________________16 A-803 1500 15 0.01517 A-523 1500 15 1.6018 A-540 1500 15 1.6219 A-425 1500 15 50.720 A-803 200 30 0.02121 A-523 200 30 1.722 A-540 200 30 2.023 A-425 200 30 75.3______________________________________
The effect of shear rate on mixing and dissolving Airvol 803 PVOH into a No. 1 clay pigment dispersion is shown in this example. The data in Table 5 shows that a high shear mixing process is preferred.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________ Parts PVOH/ Mixer % InsolublesRun % Solids 100 Parts Clay Speed (rpm) Time (min) 325 MESH__________________________________________________________________________24 70 0 1500 5 0.00125 70 2 1500 15 0.00226 70 2 200 15 0.0427 67 5 1500 15 0.0128 67 5 200 15 0.68__________________________________________________________________________
The present invention provides a dry binder that can be added to an aqueous pigment dispersion or high solids aqueous paper coatings and solubilized without the need for external heating.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Jun 23, 1961
|Sep 13, 1966
|Kurashiki Rayon Co
|Water-resistant adhesives
|Mar 18, 1968
|Mar 28, 1972
|Nippon Paint Co Ltd
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|Jan 26, 1972
|Jul 3, 1973
|Ciba Geigy Ag
|Dry pigment preparations and process for their manufacture
|Jan 5, 1973
|Aug 13, 1974
|Hoechst Ag
|Process for the preparation of compositions comprising polyvinyl alcohol and a finely dispersed solid
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|Jun 13, 1978
|United States Gypsum Company
|Water-resistant gypsum composition and products, and process of making same
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|Sep 17, 1985
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
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|Process for plasticizing polyvinyl alcohol resin
|"Polyvinylalkohol in Gestrichenen Papiern--ein Vergleich Verschiediner Nobinder", published Nov. 1989, in vol. 48, Issue 25 of Kunstharz-Nachrichten.
|Oesterlin, H. G.; Schafer, H., "Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Carrier for Optical Brighteners in Coated Papers", Das Papier 32 (10A), V13-V19 (1978).
|Oesterlin, H. G.; Schafer, H., Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Carrier for Optical Brighteners in Coated Papers , Das Papier 32 (10A), V13 V19 (1978).
|Polymer Chemicals Technical Bulletin Airvol 103 Dev. 203 and 107 Polyvinyl Alcohols: Protein Replacements in Conventional Paper Coating Formulations (G. D. Miller) APCI 1988 .
|Polymer Chemicals Technical Bulletin--Airvol® 103 Dev. 203 and 107 Polyvinyl Alcohols: Protein Replacements in Conventional Paper Coating Formulations (G. D. Miller) APCI 1988©.
|Polyvinylalkohol in Gestrichenen Papiern ein Vergleich Verschiediner Nobinder , published Nov. 1989, in vol. 48, Issue 25 of Kunstharz Nachrichten.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 10, 1993
|Jun 13, 1995
|Labelon Corporation
|Aqueous coating composition for thermal imaging film
|Jun 6, 1995
|Jun 18, 1996
|Kuraray Co., Ltd.
|Paper coating agent
|Jun 13, 1997
|Oct 10, 2000
|Consolidated Papers, Inc.
|Low pH coating composition for ink jet recording medium and method
|Jun 12, 1998
|Oct 31, 2000
|Consolidated Papers, Inc.
|High solids interactive coating composition, ink jet recording medium, and method
|Jul 29, 1998
|May 8, 2001
|Indigitale Limited
|Variable high frequency lamp controllers and systems
|Sep 28, 2000
|Apr 30, 2002
|University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc.
|Polymer-aldehyde additives to improve paper properties
|Nov 5, 1999
|Jul 2, 2002
|Celanese International Corporation
|Multifunctional poly(vinyl alcohol) binder for fine particle size calcium carbonate pigment
|Sep 20, 2001
|Aug 27, 2002
|Celanese International Corporation
|Multifunctional poly(vinyl alcohol) binder for fine particle size calcium carbonate pigment
|May 18, 2000
|Dec 2, 2003
|Stora Enso North America Corporation
|Low pH coating composition for ink jet recording medium and method
|Aug 27, 2001
|Mar 30, 2004
|Stora Enso North America Corporation
|Method for making a high solids interactive coating composition and ink jet recording medium
|Apr 19, 2001
|Oct 26, 2004
|Stora Enso North America Corporation
|High gloss ink jet recording media
|Dec 15, 2004
|May 13, 2008
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
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|Mar 17, 2008
|Oct 27, 2009
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Method of coating paper with copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid
|Mar 17, 2008
|Oct 27, 2009
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Water-soluble film from copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid, and paper coating articles therefrom
|Mar 17, 2008
|Oct 27, 2009
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid for use in paper coatings
|Aug 9, 2005
|Aug 3, 2010
|E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid and uses thereof
|Jul 30, 2007
|Jan 11, 2011
|Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc
|Method of stabilizing aqueous cationic polymers
|Jul 22, 2011
|Jun 18, 2013
|Sekisui Specialty Chemicals America, Llc
|Vinyl alcohol copolymers for use in aqueous dispersions and melt extruded articles
|Jul 27, 2012
|May 20, 2014
|Ecolab Usa Inc.
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|Nov 30, 2007
|Feb 3, 2015
|Sekisui Specialty Chemicals America, Llc
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|Jul 29, 2013
|Apr 12, 2016
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
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|Feb 4, 2013
|Aug 16, 2016
|Nalco Company
|Cross-linked glycerol based polymers as digestion aids for improving wood pulping processes
|Jan 26, 2016
|Dec 6, 2016
|Li Meng Jun
|Formulation of optical brighteners for papermaking
|Dec 15, 2004
|Jul 14, 2005
|Elliott Echt
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid for use in paper coatings
|Aug 9, 2005
|Feb 16, 2006
|Morken Peter A
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid and uses thereof
|Jun 24, 2004
|Mar 30, 2006
|Miller Gerald D
|Substrate coating compositions and their use
|Dec 7, 2005
|Jun 7, 2007
|Miller Gerald D
|Paper coating composition
|Mar 17, 2008
|Jul 17, 2008
|Elliott Echt
|Copolymers of Vinyl alcohol and Itaconic acid for use in paper coatings
|Mar 17, 2008
|Jul 24, 2008
|Elliott Echt
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid for use in paper coatings
|Mar 17, 2008
|Jul 24, 2008
|Elliott Echt
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconic acid for use in paper coatings
|Mar 22, 2007
|Sep 25, 2008
|Radha Sen
|Media sheet coatings
|Jul 30, 2007
|Feb 5, 2009
|Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc
|Method of stabilizing aqueous cationic polymers
|Jul 9, 2009
|Jan 13, 2011
|Broadus Katherine M
|Method for improving the performance of optical brightening agents
|Jul 15, 2013
|Oct 23, 2013
|Composite surface sizing agent for substituting starch in paper-making industry and preparation method
|Jul 15, 2013
|Mar 23, 2016
|Aug 19, 1994
|Feb 22, 1995
|Kuraray Co., Ltd.
|Paper coating agent
|Dec 15, 2004
|Jan 12, 2011
|E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
|Copolymers of vinyl alcohol and itaconis acid for use in paper coatings
|Jan 13, 1994
|Jul 21, 1994
|Labelon Corporation
|Thermal imaging material and preparation
|Jun 4, 2004
|Dec 23, 2004
|Soltec Developpement Sa
|Use of a thermoplastic composition, based on polyvinyl alcohol in dry form, for coating paper
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|Apr 14, 2005
|Soltec Dev Sa
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|U.S. Classification
|524/503, 524/557, 524/446, 524/425
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 13, 1990
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text: Supervisory Development Certificate Program Certificate October 14, 2015 Sacramento4 months Supervisory Development Certificate Program Overview Supervisors play a vital role inside of an organization. These individuals must be well equipped to manage workloads, diversity and performance, all while motivating employees. Supervisors must build trust and accountability with their employees while finding ways to motivate individual team members. In this certificate program, participants will develop the necessary tools to strategically make decisions and lead employees. Upon completion of the program, participants will earn a certificate and have developed the tools needed to manage, inspire, and engage employees. Benefits Participants will learn techniques and develop skills in: Recruitment and conducting interview Team Building and Motivation Determining appropriate corrective action measures Conflict Management Active listening and identifying communication barriers Promoting strategies and opportunities that foster diversity Effectively manage your time and employees time Audience The program is designed for those who want to upgrade their skills and increase their effectiveness. This includes new and experienced supervisors in the public, private, or non-profit sectors, as well as manufacturing and service personnel who are working towards advancement. Structure The program is comprised of 10 seven-hour courses, totaling 70 hours of instruction or 7.0 continuing education units (CEUs). It is recommended that participants complete Role of the Supervisor before taking other courses in the series. Program Courses This certificate program consists of 10 courses: Role of the Supervisor Corrective Action Managing Diversity Performance Management Recruitment and Selection Team Building and Motivation Interpersonal Communication Conflict Management The Decision-Making Process Time Management: Prioritization and Delegation Read more


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Spinal tumours are often diagnosed late as they are uncommon and symptoms of spinal tumour are caused by many other and more common conditions. If you have symptoms suggestive of any lesion or disease involving the spinal cord your doctor may recommend tests. Some of the tests that may be done include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine, computerized tomography (CT) of spine, myelogram, and biopsy.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI is a painless and non-invasive test. The MRI machine uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create images of body part that is being examined in this case the spine. MRI provides accurate details of the spinal cord and nerves and bone as compared to computerized tomography (CT) scans. If needed a contrast agent is injected into a vein and then images are taken. The images obtained after injecting the contrast can helps to highlight certain tissues and structures that may not be seen on a plain MRI scan.
Computerized tomography (CT) scan of spine: CT scan machines use a narrow beam of radiation to create images of body part that is being examined. It is a painless and non-invasive test which provides good visual detail of the spine. During CT scan a series of detailed pictures of spine are taken. A computer then combines these pictures into images and a trained doctor can examine the images for abnormalities (such as cancerous growth, infection or any other pathology). In some cases the doctor may inject a contrast agent into a vein (mostly in the arm) and then take images. MRI and CT scan can help to stage the spinal tumour (i.e. determine the extent of spread and size of tumour). Staging of tumour is important to decide the treatment approach. The images obtained after injecting the contrast can make abnormal changes in the spinal canal or spinal cord more prominent.
Myelogram: During myelogram a contrast dye is injected into the spinal column. The images taken after injecting the dye (by x-ray or CT scan) can make abnormal changes in the spinal canal or spinal cord more prominent. As the test has more risks than MRI or conventional CT scan and fails to provide more information it is not preferred as the first choice for diagnosis of spinal tumours. It may help to detect identify compressed nerves and may be considered for people who can't have an MRI.
Biopsy: This is a gold standard test to diagnose cancer in a growth or mass. Tissue sample from the mass or growth is taken and send for examination. The tissue sample is examined by a pathologist (a doctor who specialises in diagnosing diseases by looking at cells and tissues under a microscope) for cancerous changes. Biopsy is helpful to diagnose the type and grade of cancer as well—these information are helpful to decide treatment.
Surgery is the treatment of tethered spinal cord syndrome. If surgery is not advisable, spinal cord nerve roots may be cut to relieve pain.read more
Symptoms of tethered spinal cord syndrome include lesions, hairy patches, dimples, or fatty tumors on the lower back; weakness in the legs; low back pain; scoliosis; and incontinence.read more


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Worth the money, but be aware...
Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?)
First let me say it's a great amp. Very powerful for what you're getting in size. But very poor in materials they chose for wiring harnesses.
Pros: Sound, adjustment, easy enough to figure out.
Cons: Poor wiring harnesses, and poor connections with small wires on harnesses.


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A History of Israel
By (author) Ahron Bregman
Format: Hardback
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History of Israel by Ahron Bregman
Book DescriptionA History of Israel examines Israel's turbulent history from the first Zionist Congress of 1897 to the present day. Drawing on his considerable experience as historian and journalist, Ahron Bregman offers a balanced exploration of Israel's past in which the three principal driving themes of Jewish immigration, wars, and attempts to forge peace with Arabs and Palestinians combine into a single compelling narrative. New insights, revelations appearing in print for the first time, and portraits of Israeli leaders, past and present, are adeptly woven together with an overview of major events. This incisive book will be welcomed by all with an interest in the fascinating history of Israel.
Buy History of Israel book by Ahron Bregman from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780333676318
(223mm x 142mm x 23mm)
Pages: 344
Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Publish Date: 20-Nov-2002
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author Ahron Bregman
Cursed Victory, Paperback / softback (July 2016)
An authoritative and impassioned history of the aftermath of the Six Day War by a former Israeli soldier and a cogent argument for an end to the occupation."
History of Israel, Paperback (October 2002)» View all books by Ahron Bregman
This volume examines Israel's turbulent history from the first Zionist Congress in 1897 to 2002. The driving themes of this account are Jewish immigration, war, and attempts to forge peace between Israelis, Arabs and Palestines.
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Author Biography - Ahron Bregman
AHRON BREGMAN is a Lecturer in History at Webster University, London and also a journalist for the Daily Telegraph and other national newspapers in the UK and the US.
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Plan is to meet in Cafe Kino for a chat, coffee, and maybe some food. We'll then wander up the hill to the Hillgrove for a pint of delicious ale/glass of fine wine/healthy fruit juice.
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Was good talking to people, and nice to see new faces. I think the next one will be a proper talk night...
0 · July 6, 2012
Glad to see you're keeping this up. Unfortunately, I'll be several thousand miles away :(
0 · June 12, 2012
Next: Invite friends
Maybe later
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York has 40,862 residents. It is located in York county.
For Pennsylvania residents, the average tuition for all York sociology schools for the 2009 - 2010 school year was $14,097.00. For non-residents, the average tuition for York sociology schools was $15,665.00.
The cost, on average, for books and supplies needed for sociology schools in York is $1,514.00. Students living on campus at sociology schools in York paid an average of $8,080.00 for room and board during the 2009 - 2010 school year. Students living at home incurred costs of $2,241.00. There is one sociology college in York. Sociology programs in York reportedly graduated 44 students in the 2008 - 2009 school year.


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Udacity teaches you HTML5 Game Development
I just caught today's Web Wednesday project via a post by Sandeep Reddy and while it wasn't what I had originally scheduled for today's post, you all know how much I like "teach you to fish" posts.
Of course, given who two the the instructors work for, I might get in trouble for highlighting this, but hey, HTML5 is HTML5 right? Game dev is Game dev, right? We're all one happy HTML5 web world now, aren't we? It's about the code and learning, man, not "the man" we work for, man! (I'm so getting fired from this gig...lol
Udacity - HTML5 Game Development
Class Summary
This course will walk you through the major components of building GRITS, an HTML5 game. We'll talk about how to take standard game development techniques, and use them to create high performance HTML5 applications.
What Should I Know?
Knowledge of HTML, Javascript, and how the web works is necessary for this course. There is an optional unit on the specific parts of Javascript and the DOM that you'll need for this class as a refresher.
What Will I Learn?
At the end of this course, you'll understand how to develop an HTML5 game. You will gain familiarity with HTML5 features such as 2D canvas and techniques for improving performance.
- Unit 0 - Optional HTML/Javascript crash course
- Unit 1 - Introduction to Canvas rendering
- Unit 2 - Atlases and Map rendering
- Unit 3 - Basic Input, handling events
- Unit 4 - The entity hierarchy
- Unit 5 - Box2D, and using external libraries
- Unit 6 - Adding sound
- Unit 7 - Asynchronous Loading
- Colt McAnlis
- Peter Lubbers
- Sean Bennett
So there you go! A very cool course, free from Udacity. Now get working on your next cool HTML5 game!
More episodes in this series
Kegerator + Kegduino + KegMonitor = KegManager!
Related episodes
Inventory and Store System - Part 2 (Scriptable Objects)
Basics of Unity
Unity Navigation - Part 1
This Week on Windows: Windows 10 features, Halo Wars: 2, and More
Unity Navigation - Part 2
Entity Framework Core
TWC9: This Week on Channel 9 Turns Nine!
Introduction to .GAME
TWC9: VS Test Opens, New Xbox Features, Humans of Microsoft and more...
This Week on Windows: Countdown to Huge Savings, New Releases, and more!
The Discussion
have to give it a try
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Wayang Golek
- Posted Jan. 16, 2008 by Lissa Viewed 16766 times
- This is a migrated legacy post. Image resolution is low. Info
These puppets were a wedding gift from our dear friends, the same ones who gave us the beautiful pony [photoblog.com] from Taiwan. They are puppets from Indonesia called wayang golek [en.wikipedia.org]. A very interesting history of Indonesian puppet theater can be read here [en.wikipedia.org].
Our friends have collected several puppets during their trips to Indonesia, and I have always admired them. We were thrilled to receive these, and will always treasure them.
1 There is 1 comment, add yours!
2008.01.16 Edited
They're gorgeous! The detail in incredible.


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'Serenata' features a built-in stereo speaker system which delivers outstanding sound quality, it added. Besides handling playback in various formats, including MP3, WMA, and AAC, 'Serenata' brings special ringtones for the users. With an organic rounded design, 'Serenata' is a pocket-sized music mobile phone. ''The contrast between the cool aluminum and the warm soft touch lacquer leaves an impression of elegance, slimness and craftsmanship,'' it said.
The 2.4-inch colour LCD display developed by Samsung allows Serenata to show album covers in an excellent resolution and facilitates on-screen navigation.
To offer enhanced multimedia functions, Samsung brings High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) connectivity to Serenata. ''With 3.5G connectivity, users can enjoy full multimedia features including music and video, e-mail, MMS and instant purchase and download of music tracks,'' it said.
The phone also features a four gigabyte solid-state memory for storing digital music and data.
Featuring hi-fi speakers to deliver high quality sound reproduction and telephony, Serenata also provides a portable conference call feature, enabling multiple users to have a phone call a few feet away from the mobile phone.


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(i) High mechanical strength to withstand the weight of conductors and wind loads etc.
The main objections to wooden supports are :
Author: Amarnath Reddy
I am an Electrical Engineering Student and a passionate blogger trying very hard to get succeed.
This is very good article which has in detail information regarding Types of electric poles in overhead transmission lines. This is also a good blog on electrical-engineering. I am very glad to read this article
Thank you for your comment Gulzar ahmed.Delete
what is distance between two RCC poles ?? sir
As per distribution system , it is 50 meters but it depends upon the location they lay the poles like if the ground is muddy or hilly etc..
We can't fix to one number.
*Semester tuition fees of BBA, BCA and B.Sc. (IT) programs. Excludes one time application fee of Rs. 700 and exam fees of Rs. 2300 per semester.!doctype>


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Is Nas Niaga Enterprise incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
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Mm13 1St Floor Jln Dara Medan Mewah 26700 Bandar Muadzam Shah Pahang Muadzam Shah Pahang 26700
Mm1 Jalan Dara Mdn Mewah Muadzam Shah Pahang Malaysia Muadzam Shah Pahang 26700
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|Ernest Billiot
What about having to register as a sex offender when he gets out?
A former Delcambre Police Officer will spend 10 years in jail after he was found guilty of sexually abusing a woman in his custody.
Ernest Billiot was sentenced Friday for the second degree kidnapping and sexual battery of a woman he detained while on duty in February 2008.
Billiot will serve 10 years in prison at hard labor for both charges at the same time without the possibility of parole or probation.
During the trial Billiot admitted to the judge he abused his power.
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Star of Hope Foundation's Holiday Fashion Show & Luncheon Fund Raiser Set; To Benefit Area Students
Ladies, be sure to make Wednesday, November 19 a red letter day on your calendar. That's the day that the Star of Hope Foundation (SOHF) Holiday Fashion Show Luncheon will be held at the Wisconsin Club Milwaukee. This unique event will raise money for area elementary and high school students in need of educational financial assistance," according to Ray Schneider and Chris Dolhun, chairman and president, respectively, of the SOHF.
The event will feature a presentation of fine women's fashions by Bruce Paul Goodman Clothiers, A.J. Ugent Furs, and the Steven Edwards Color Group. Area women of different sizes and ages will model clothing lines exclusive to the Milwaukee area.
"We will feature beautiful clothing fashions including business and casual wear for holidays, evenings and days," they say.
Cocktails are set for 11 a.m., luncheon at 12 noon, and the fashion show itself at 1 p.m.. The cost is $45 per person, or $600 for corporate tables of 10. The latter includes acknowledgement and preferred seating.
For reservations, phone Dawn Mitrovich, chairperson, 414-305-0631.Checks for the event and donations to the SOHF should be made out to the Star of Hope Foundation and mailed to 1246 N. Van Buren St., Milwaukee, WI 53202.
More from User Submitted Stories
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- Back To School....BBB Reminds You To Shop Smart!
- Railway Adventure Trip
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- 15th Stu's Flooring Benefit Golf Outing Tees Off
- 40th Anniversary of the SM 1976 State Basketball Champs
- South Milwaukee Downtown Market temporarily moves for Evening on the Avenue Street Festival
- St Francis School District Rummage Sale
- South Milwaukee Performing Arts Center Presents: The Donny McCaslin Group- Musicians on David Bowie's Blackstar


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Want to play the best AAA PC games on a tablet? Then the Wikipad may be for you. This week, OnLive (yep, they're still around) announced it is partnering with Wikipad to deliver full AAA PC gaming to the tablet.
OnLive already offers similar service to any Android device with access to Google Play via its app, but the Wikipad version is better optimized and comes with support for its dedicated built-in gaming controller.
The Wikipad 7 will be first to get OnLive, but support is also expected to come to Wikipad's upcoming Gamevice hardware.
"Since our inception, it has been our goal to provide gamers with the industry's most comprehensive gaming experience via a tablet. We have been fortunate to partner with some of the best gaming companies in the business, and now we are proud to introduce our PC gaming partner. Our new partner, OnLive, and their cloud gaming platform, CloudLift, provides users the most revolutionary gaming experience, both the best of mobile gaming and now the AAA console/PC gaming experience," said Fraser Townley, President, Wikipad Inc.
"Wikipad and Gamevice showcase perfectly how OnLive is bringing big games to small devices," said Rick Sanchez, VP of Product and Marketing, OnLive. "Mobility and convenience are becoming increasingly important to gamers.
All of this sounds good and will add value to current Wikipad and Onlive users, but don't expect this to be a game changer. Other big players in the gaming space such as Nvidia are creating similar streaming services. Nvidia is working on its own streaming service called GRID. Beta tests are happening right now for Nvidia SHIELD owners in Northern California.
Video-game streaming just isn't ready for prime time yet. And, it isn't really a problem on the company's side. Users need better internet, period. That's on the ISP end. If everyone had Google fiber, I'm sure video-game streaming would explode. Until that happens though, it's going to languish in obscurity.
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This post may contain affiliate links, which means we receive a commission if you make a purchase using one of the affiliated links.


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In a large pot add oil and bacon. Let bacon get crisp and brown. Add onion and garlic. Cook for 3 minutes. Add snap peas and peas. Season with salt and pepper. Add cooked pasta, shrimp, chicken stock, and parsley. Cook all together for about 5 minutes. Season once more with salt and pepper if needed.
Serve with some great Parmesan.
This video is a creation of DinnerTool. You can visit DinnerTool for complete recipes, and more videos.
Serving size Per servingComplete recipe
Calories 840 Calories from Fat 230
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 26 g39.9%
Saturated Fat 5.1 g25.7%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 190 mg63.3%
Sodium 560.3 mg23.3%
Total Carbohydrates 100 g33.2%
Dietary Fiber 8.1 g32.4%
Sugars 10.9 g
Protein 47 g93.7%
Vitamin A 31.3%
Vitamin C 93.8%
Calcium 11.4%
Iron 38.6%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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This item is currently unavailable
• Top tube bag
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• Multi positional straps for easy positioning
• Additional zipper pocket
• Made of environmentally PVC-free materials
• Available in two sizes: Medi and Maxi
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Cost Efficient – Using Absolute Softech Ltd online support, you and your company have no need of full time IT staff for fixing it problems. You can reduce overhead, save time without spending too much money on inhouse it consultant.
Best Advice – Absolute Softech Ltd has experienced and certified technicians to resolve any issue with your it device. They will advise you in a right way not to get any such type of issue in future.
Immediate Solution – Call Absolute Softech Ltd support and get solution within minutes. Our expert certified technician will help with your computer and internet issues immediately.
High Level of Customer Satisfaction – Absolute Softech Ltd offers various plans to their customers. Customers can choose their plans according to their own need. Absolute Softech Ltd has more than 95% satisfied customers connected with it's support services.
How We Work?
We offers various type of support like you can call us on our toll free number, you send message on chat support, or you can send us an email including your issue on our support email id. You can contact us 24X7 whenever you are getting any problem with your computer or internet. If you have any hardware issue or broken hardware device, please contact device manufacturer directly.
Absolute Softech Ltd Toll Free Number – 1844-631-2188
Disclaimer – Absolute Softech Ltd is an independent third party service provider which provide online technical support for third party products. We have used some third party brand names, logo or services. They are only referential and We do not claim any sponsorship, affiliation with such third party organizations. We have certified technicians certified by these third party brand companies.


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Save the products you like here
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Xclusive ChhabraAqua Blue Embroidered Gown
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You will certainly steal the limelight from the bride the next time you attend a wedding beautifully dressed in an ethnic ensemble tailored from this dress material set from Xclusive Chhabra. A subtle aqua blue colour and a charming print add to its ethnic appeal, while the net fabric ensures superb comfort throughout the gala.
- FabricNet
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- Additional InformationAll the products that we are selling are hand woven, hand dyed ,hand embroidered or hand crafted , hence there are bound to be minor dye flaws, gum spots,thread splitting, or some stones or minor embroidery parts missing , hence please ignore such flaws
- StyleEmbroidered
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Dear all,
It's 02:53. I can't sleep despite getting into bed at 21:15 last night. On top of pain, depression & some vicious migraines I now have a rotten cold & chesty cough.
I'm wallowing because I should have had my flu jag by now, but a really nasty migraine caused me to cancel. Now I can't go because of the stupid cold! I know the cold is a minor misery, but it has plenty of company.
I wish I could understand why the same medication every night, doesn't mean the same sleep pattern. It's so frustrating! Also I think my coughing is keeping the neighbours awake. That'll be a fun conversation.
I know that everyone on the various forums is suffering in one or more ways. But I miss some of the levity there was before, it's been a more serious site of late. I mean no disrespect to anyone, it's just my personal view. The fun stuff used to cheer me up & since my last 11 months have been gloomy, I've really missed that.
Hope everyone has as good a day as possible. Cheers.


text:
My cutesy take on Merida. Saw BRAVE at Pixar last week and loved it. Can't wait to see it again.
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Protect your ALCATEL ONE TOUCH IDOL 3 5.5 with an ALCATEL ONE TOUCH AERO FlipCase. This case protects the back and sides of your device as well as the display with its folio-style front cover. A window lets you see your notifications as well as the time and date without opening the cover.
|Not specified by manufacturer
|Not specified by manufacturer
|Packaging Info
|Package Weight
|0.2 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|7.5 x 4.6 x 0.7"


text:
RLA Collective is a unique marketing services firm that combines its extensive over-the-counter (OTC) health and wellness category expertise with unparalleled passion, authenticity, commitment and personal attention. We work with clients – health, wellness and personal care brands – as a creative, collaborative team, not as a vendor. Our specialized agency grows to 100+ partners through a collective of vetted, niche specialists who help us to service brands in the health and wellness space.
So excited to take home the 2017 The Holmes Report #SabreAward in the Digitial Marketing & Advertising category for our Colief Infant Drops digital marketing program! We also made the shortlist in the blogger category for VSL#3. We don't do it for the awards, but it sure feels great to get the hardware. #agencylife #awardwinning #otcmarketing #digitalmarketing #marketingtomom #smallagencywinsbig ... See MoreSee Less
Being a health and wellness company, we still have to treat ourselves every once in a while! Plus, one recent study showed that eating chocolate 5x/week lowered the risk of cardiovascular disease by 57%! Happy #ValentinesDay from the RLA team. 💕 Thanks to our neighbors, Lil' Chocolate Shoppe. ... See MoreSee Less


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Rhys Meyers, 30, was arrested November 18 and faced two charges of public drunkenness and breach of the peace after he was refused permission to board a flight to London.
Scroll down for more...
Rhys Meyers did not appear at his Dublin District Court arraignment Wednesday.
State prosecutors said they had accepted an apology from the actor and dropped the charges.
He was, however, given a legal caution, a probationary action under which he could face harsher penalties if he behaves that way in public in Ireland again.
The actor's lawyer, Michael Staines, said his client's behavior at the airport was "unacceptable and out of character."
He said Rhys Meyers "unreservedly apologises" to airport security guards, police and staff at the British airline BMI, and planned to make a donation to an unspecified charity as a way to acknowledge his wrongdoing.
Rhys Meyers' arrest in Dublin came six months after he checked out of an alcohol-rehabilitation clinic in California shortly after the release of Mission Impossible III.
And just three days before the sudden death of his mother, Geraldine Meyers-O'Keeffe, who was just 50 years old.
Scroll down for more...
Meyers-O'Keeffe was admitted to a hospital in Cork - the southwest Irish city where, as a single mother, she raised Rhys Meyers and three brothers - shortly after her son had been released from police custody and flown on to London.
The cause of her Nov. 21 death was not made public, but she is rumoured to have suffered a stroke.
Pictures of a grieving Rhys Meyers drinking a can of extra-strong cider in a North London street were taken hours after news emerged of the death of his mother at a hospital in Cork.
The incident happened two days after his involvement in a fracas at Dublin airport.
A winner of a prestigious Golden Globe award for his acclaimed performance as the King of Rock and Roll in the popular CBS mini-series Elvis, he is best known for his roles in the films Michael Collins, Bend It Like Beckham, Match Point and most recently August Rush.
He is currently filming a second series of The Tudors, in Ireland, in which he plays Henry VIII.


text:
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Collective gardens


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I was fortunate to be professionally taught in the Romero style of classical guitar and have studied with great concert artists such as Robert Wetzel, Dr. Alexander Dunn, Celino Romero, Dr. Randy Pile, and Dr. Colin McAllister at Grossmont College, University of California San Diego, and Victoria Conservatory of Music. I have performed in numerous masterclasses including Antonio De Innocentis, Alexander Dunn, Gerd Wuestemann, Scott Wolf, Jason Vieaux, and Celino Romero. I have also performed with various ensembles including the Grossmont, VCM, UCSD, Villa Musica, and SDSU guitar ensembles.
While I get quite a bit of enjoyment out of playing the guitar, I get greater enjoyment from passing my knowledge and experience of the instrument along to others. I have been teaching since 1999 and still get excited when a student is able to play their first melody, chord, or song.
*** Lesson Details ***
The curriculum covers a wide range of topics and techniques for classical guitar:
Finger-style picking (Classical)
Ligado/Slur technique
Scales. Arpeggios, & Modes
Sight Reading (Tab and Standard Notation)
Music Theory (Harmony and Counterpoint)
Performance practices
Learning the guitar (and music for that matter) is not so much like climbing a ladder as it is a journey. Sometimes there are obstacles you must pass, but once you get past these obstacles there is no stopping you from achieving your goal. My job is to make it easier for you to get past these obstacles (ex. technical problem) and get you to the music you want, whether it is playing your favorite song or writing the next hit single.
The classical guitar program has sight reading requirements and technique is emphasized. The beginning student will learn basic technique (ex. Apoyando and Free strokes), right hand arpeggios, left hand ligados, and sight reading through the use of exercises and etudes. Advanced students will focus on style and form. They will also be encouraged to transcribe and compose there own works. All students will be encouraged to perform, but not required.
All students are expected to have their own instrument, music stand, and books. Daily practice (20-30 min/day) is required.
While the guitar presents challenges along the way it can also be one of the most worthwhile journeys of your life. It would be an honor for me to serve as a guide on this journey.
*** Studio Equipment ***
Music Stand
Books and resources
Guitar Footstools
Note: Students should have their own guitar.
*** Travel Equipment ***
I bring my own guitar and book. The student has to provide a place appropriate for study as well as their own instrument, music stand, books, and computer (for recording students).
*** Specialties ***
I am trained professionally in Classical Guitar, but I also have experience with rock guitar as well as composition and arranging. I also have years of experience with recording and editing in Logic Pro and Sibelius.
Substitute teacher for middle/high school English, math, and music.
Private guitar lessons for all ages in the the style of Spanish and Rock Guitar
Helping young people learn about the youth revolution of the 1960s.
Private guitar lessons
Taught Beginning to Advanced Guitar to students of all ages.
The American Musicological Society is a membership-based musicological organization founded in 1934 to advance scholarly research in the various fields of music as a branch of learning and scholarship; it grew out of a small contingent of the Music Teachers National Association and, more directly, the New York Musicological Society (1930-1934).
Guitar Foundation of America (GFA) is the America's leading classical guitar organization founded in 1973 at the National Guitar Convention sponsored by the American String Teachers Association (ASTA).