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Building Bridges: Teaching about the Hmong in our Communities Presentation Written by Txong Pao Lee and Mark E. Pfeifer Hmong Cultural and Resource Center, Saint Paul, MN Copyright 2005 www.hmongcenter.org
Hmong Population Around the World Asia China – 6,000,000 Vietnam – 787,604 Laos – 315,000 Thailand – 124,000 Burma – 2-3,000 Western Countries United States – 200,000-250,000 France – 8,000 Australia – 1,800 Canada – 767 French Guyana – 500-1,000 Germany - 70 2004 Estimates from Professor Nicholas Tapp, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia The photo by Ka Ying Yang shows 2 Hmong Women in North Vietnam In China, Hmong are classified in the broader "Miao" Group. The "Miao" group includes Hmong, Kho Xiong, Hmu and A Hmao.
Hmong in China It is estimated that 6,000,000 Hmong live in Southern China, primarily in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces in the Southwest. The map is from The China Webpage http://www.chinapage.com/map/province-english.jpg
Hmong in Southeast Asia In Southeast Asia, Hmong live in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Burma. The map is from the Perry-Castaneda online map collection of the University of Texas http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/indochina_rel85.jpg
Origins of the Hmong People in China and Southeast Asia 2700 B.C.: It is believed by some scholars that the Hmong Occupied the Yellow River region of China at this time. King Chi You, a legendary King prominent in Chinese History is believed to have been Hmong by many Linguistic scholar Martha Ratliff in a 2004 article only found evidence of Hmong in Southern China using ancient linguistic records tied to the Hmong language and Chinese historical accounts Other scholars have posited that Hmong may have originated in Siberia and even the Middle East, there is very little existing support for these theories A Chinese statue of King Chi You is in the Photo
Timeline of Recent Hmong History 1790-1860 A.D.: Many Hmong migrate out of China to Laos, Northern Vietnam, and Thailand 1963-1975: The Vietnam War and the U.S. Secret Army in Laos 1975: Hmong Refugees Move to Thailand 1976 to Present Time: Hmong refugees move to the U.S., France, Australia, French Guyana, and Canada December 2003: U.S. State Department agrees to accept applications for resettlement from 15,000 Laotian Hmong refugees living in Wat Thamkrabok, Thailand June 2004: First Hmong refugees from Wat Thamkrabok begin arriving in Minnesota, California, Wisconsin and other states The photo shows a Black Hmong boy in Vietnam. Hmong began moving to Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries at the end of the 18 th century. The photo is from the Tribal Textiles website: http://www.tribaltextiles.info/Assets/images/Vietnam/Black_ Hmong/9510I37T.JPG
Hmong Role in the CIA's Secret War in Laos 1963-1975 "Mr. Pop" Edgar Buell, a retired Indiana farmer and humanitarian worker who was associated with the U.S. Information Office was a key figure who began working with Hmong in Laos in the late 1950s In 1961, Colonel Bill Lair, representing the CIA, met with Vang Pao, leader of the Hmong army in Laos to initiate a secret cooperative relationship between Hmong and U.S. operatives in Laos The CIA coordinated the effort against the Communists in Laos in partnership with the Hmong military leader General Vang Pao and the Royal Lao Government The photo shows CIA officers training Hmong soldiers in late 1961. The photo is from a collection of the Chippewa Valley Museum in Eau Claire, WI http://www.cvmuseum.com/Hmong3.html
Hmong Role in the CIA's Secret War in Laos 1963-1975 Long Cheng – an airbase in Laos – was the focal point of the Hmong and U.S. effort to defeat the Communist Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese in Laos The late William Colby, Director of the CIA during the Reagan administration, credited the Hmong with saving the lives of thousands of U.S. soldiers as they blocked the North Vietnamese from their efforts to extend the Ho Chi Minh Trail into Laos for several years The full extent of the Hmong role assisting the U.S. in the Vietnam War era was not officially acknowledged by the CIA and U.S. officials until the early 1980s This 1998 photo shows the long-abandoned Long Cheng airstrip in Laos from the air. From Adventures in Laos Website: http://homepage.mac.com/peterlaos/Laos1998/Gall ery15.html
Hmong Role in the CIA's Secret War in Laos 1963-1975 The map shows the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos, and Vietnam. The Hmong played an important role in preventing the North Vietnamese Communists from extending the Ho Chi Minh Trail from Vietnam into Laos for several years. The map is from the Nixon/Kissinger/Vietnam Website http://www.geocities.com/nixonkissingerpeacemaker/images/part2ch5pic2.jpg
Hmong Role in the CIA's Secret War in Laos 1963-1975 Estimates are that 30,000-40,000 Hmong died during the duration of the Vietnam War in Laos In June 1974, the last Air America plane and last U.S. military personnel left Laos. Over 40,000 North Vietnamese troops remained in Laos at this time to assist the Communist Pathet Lao In May 1975, the Hmong General Vang Pao was evacuated by air to Thailand, thousands of Hmong were left behind. Later In 1975 the Pathet Lao publicly announced their plans to "wipe out" the Hmong The photo shows the cover of Roger Warner's 1996 book about the Hmong refugee exodus from Laos, Out of Laos
The Hmong Refugee Experience/Movement to the U.S. 1975-Early 1990s In 1975, thousands of Hmong began attempting to escape Laos by crossing the Mekong River into Thailand. Many Hmong died during the exodus process. Many Hmong babies died when their parents used opium to quiet them so Pathet Lao soldiers would not hear them as they tried to escape the country Several Hmong refugee camps were established in Thailand by the late 1970s. The largest and best known Hmong refugee camp in Thailand was known as Ban Vinai The first Hmong refugees began arriving in the United States from the Thailand camps in December 1975 and January 1976 The photo is of a Hmong family living in Ban Vinai camp in Thailand in 1991 a year before it closed. The photo is from the Southeast Asian Refugee Archive collection at California State University, Irvine http://www.lib.uci.edu/libraries/collections/sea/seaexh ibit/refugeecam.html
The Hmong Refugee Experience/Movement to the U.S. 1975-Early 1990s The number of Hmong refugees admitted into U.S. from the Thailand refugee camps exceeded 10,000 in 1979 and reached a peak of about 27,000 in 1980 before decreasing to under 5,000 in 1981 and even less per year through mid-1980s The number of Hmong refugees annually admitted to the U.S. began increasing again in 1987 and exceeded 10,000 in 1988. The number exceeded 5,000 each year between 1989 and 1994 with the exception of 1990 The 1990 U.S. census found about 94,000 Hmong residing in the U.S. Photo: Chiang Kham was another primarily Hmong refugee camp in Thailand. It closed in 1993, a year after Ban Vinai. The photo is from the Southeast Asian Refugee Archive at California State University, Irvine http://www.lib.uci.edu/libraries/collections/sea/seaex hibit/refugeecam.html
Hmong Refugees in Wat Thamkrabok Buddhist Temple in Thailand 1992-2004 As Ban Vinai and the other Hmong refugee camps in Thailand had closed by 1992, many of the Lao Hmong refugees left in Thailand who had not yet been able to come to the U.S. or other countries as refugees were given refuge by a Thai Buddhist monk in a temple an hour north of Bangkok called Wat Thamkrabok The 15,000 or so Lao Hmong refugees in Wat Thamkrabok had no official status in Thailand. For many years the Thai government wanted to repatriate (force) them to back to Laos where they feared for their safety Finally in December 2003 after years of lobbying by Hmong-American organizations, the U.S. State Department agreed to accept 15,000 Hmong refugees living in Wat Thamkrabok into the U.S. They started arriving in June 2004 The Photo shows Wat Thamkrabok in Thailand. It is from the Website of Hmong International Human Rights Watch: www.hmongihrw.org/ thamkrabok.html As of 12/07/05, 4,953 Hmong Refugees from Wat Tham Krabok are now in Minnesota.
The Hmong Refugees From Wat Thamkrabok More than 60% of the refugees eligible for resettlement from the camp are 18 years old or under and 52% of the residents are 14 years old or younger There is a higher rate of literacy (primarily in Hmong and Thai) compared to earlier groups of Hmong refugees who came to the U.S. Many of the younger adults already know some basic English There are significant numbers of married teens with children Younger children may experience developmental delays due to chronic protein malnutrition experienced in the camp Many camp residents have experienced high levels of depression and anxiety due to the years of uncertainty they have lived through in the camp Source: City of Saint Paul and Ramsey County, MN (2004). "American Paj Ntaub: Wat Thamkrabok Assessment Team Report: Executive Summary." The picture shows Hmong refugees in a classroom in Wat Thamkrabok. The picture is from the Hmong Today newspaper, May 20, 2004 issue.
Issues with Hmong-American Census Data U.S. Hmong census enumerations are almost certainly significant undercounts The Language Barrier may have prevented some families from filling out the census form A person only counted as "Hmong" if they took the initiative to write in "Hmong" as their ethnicity on the census form Many families may be distrustful of providing information to the government about income etc. due to past experiences as a minority in Laos and Thailand
Hmong Population in the U.S. (2000 U.S. Census) 186,310 Hmong counted in the 2000 U.S. Census Hmong National Development in Washington D.C. estimates the actual Hmong population is about 275,000 in the U.S. Top 10 Hmong Populations by State 1. California – 65,095 2. Minnesota – 41,800 3. Wisconsin – 33,791 4. North Carolina – 7,093 5. Michigan – 5,383 6. Colorado – 3,000 7. Oregon – 2,101 8. Georgia – 1,468 9. Washington – 1,294 10. Massachusetts – 1,127
Hmong Population in the U.S. 2000 U.S. Census Top 10 Hmong Metropolitan Areas in the U.S. 1. Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN – 40,707 2. Fresno, CA – 22,456 3. Sacramento-Yolo, CA – 16,261 4. Milwaukee-Racine, WI – 8,078 5. Merced, CA – 6,148 6. Stockton-Lodi, CA – 5,653 7. Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI – 4,741 8. Wausau, WI – 4,453 9. Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC – 4,207 10. Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI – 3,926 The photo shows a Hmong business on the East Side of Saint Paul, MN. With more than 25,000 Hmong residents, Saint Paul has the largest Hmong population of any city in the U.S.
Hmong in Minnesota Minnesota Hmong Populations by Community (2000 U.S. Census) 1.St. Paul – 24,389 2.Minneapolis – 9,595 3.Brooklyn Center – 1,346 4.Brooklyn Park – 1,226 5.Maplewood – 685 6.Woodbury – 264 7.Vadnais Heights – 219 8.Rochester – 211 9.Winona – 199 10.Oakdale – 189 The 2000 U.S. census counted 41,800 Hmong in Minnesota, community estimates put the actual population in the state between 60-70,000. 5,000 Hmong refugees from Thailand are expected to arrive in Minnesota between June 2004 and early 2005 In addition to Rochester, and Winona, there are also outstate Hmong populations in Tracy/Marshall/Walnut Grove in Southwestern MN and in Duluth and Taylor's Falls The picture shows Hmong Jao Fa Grocery on White Bear Avenue on Saint Paul's East Side
Hmong in Minnesota: A Diverse Community The Hmong community in Minnesota and the U.S. more generally is diverse with many subgroups, some of which overlap. It is important to understand that persons from these subgroups may hold very different views about important social issues in the community Important Subgroups in the Minnesota Hmong Community may be identified as follows: Followers of the traditional Hmong Religion (a majority about 70% of the population), Hmong ceremonial ritualists and Shamans Hmong Christians (they belong to many denominations) Speakers of the Green and White Hmong dialects The 18 Hmong Clans and their Leaders Hmong Veterans who served during the War in Laos from 1963-75 Hmong Professionals (Educators, Lawyers, Doctors, Non-Profit Organization Leaders) as well as Hmong Business Owners Activist Interest Groups on Issues such as Supporting the Human Rights of Hmong in Southeast Asia, Social Justice Issues in the U.S., and Women's Equity Issues Hmong Working Class Families (by far the majority of the population) Hmong refugees newly arriving from Wat Thamkrabok in Thailand It is crucial to understand that there is no one "leader" who speaks for the Hmong community or even completely understands the variety of views in the community. Decisionmakers should attempt to get input from a variety of sources in the Hmong community before making decisions or forming judgments. Younger, more "Americanized" leaders in particular, may not fully understand the feelings of large segments of the community pertaining to certain issues
Hmong Organizations in Minneapolis-St. Paul St. Paul Lao Family Community (Adult Basic Education, Social Services, Youth Programs, Employment Services, Some Health-related programs) Hmong-American Partnership (Adult Basic Education, Social Services, Youth Programs, Employment Services, Some Health- related programs) Hmong Cultural Center (Adult Basic Education, Youth Programs, Multicultural Education Programming, Research and Community Library Collection) (only organizations with annual budgets greater than $200,000 (2003-2004) included in this listing)
Hmong Organizations in Minneapolis-St. Paul St. Paul Hmong-Minnesota Pacific Association Inc. (Youth Programs, Employment Services) Lauj Youth Society (Youth Programs) Center for Hmong Arts and Talent (Arts Programs including Theater Productions, Artist Services, Youth Programs) Lao Veterans of Minnesota (Adult Basic Education) (only organizations with annual budgets greater than $200,000 (2003-2004) included in this listing)
Hmong Organizations in Minneapolis-St. Paul Minneapolis Association for the Advancement of Hmong Women in Minnesota (Social Services, Youth Programs) Hmong American Mutual Assistance Association (Social Services, Youth Programs, Employment Services) Southeast Asian Community Council (Social Services, Youth, Programs, Employment Services, Some Health-related Programs) (only organizations with annual budgets greater than $200,000 (2003-2004) included in this listing)
Hmong Demographics in the U.S. 2000 U.S. Census Median Age of the Hmong Population in the U.S.: 16.1 Years compared to 35.3 years among the entire population of the United States % of the Hmong Population in the U.S. under 18 Years Old: 56% compared to 25.7% of the entire U.S. Population Average Hmong Household Size per occupied Housing Unit: 6.27 persons compared to 2.59 persons among the entire U.S. Population The photo is from the 2002 Hmong New Year in Green Bay, WI. It was published by the Hmong Times Newspaper, September 15, 2002.
U.S. Hmong Educational Status (2000 U.S. Census) Educational Attainment 50.7% of all adult Hmong-Americans have less than a 9 th Grade education compared to 7.5% of the entire U.S. population 40.4% of all adult Hmong-Americans have earned a high school diploma or higher compared to 80.4% of the entire U.S. population 7.5% of adult Hmong-Americans have earned a Bachelor's Degree or higher compared to 24.4% of the entire U.S. population The percentage of Hmong with a high school diploma and a Bachelor's Degree have more than doubled since 1990 showing considerable educational progress among Hmong people in America 2000 Census Figures show Hmong men's educational attainment still exceeds that of Hmong women, though the gap narrowed between 1990 and 2000. Anecdotal evidence suggests women have eliminated the gap and perhaps even pulled ahead in terms of enrollment and completion of higher education.
U.S. Hmong Socioeconomic Status (2000 Census) U.S. Hmong Median Family Income in 1999 was $32,076 compared to $41,994 among the entire U.S. population 30.3% of U.S. Hmong Families had Public Assistance Income in 1999 compared to 3% of all U.S. Families The percentage of U.S. Hmong Families with Public Assistance Income fell from over 60% to 30% between 1989 and 1999 34.8% of U.S. Hmong Families lived below the Poverty Level in 1999 compared to 12% of all U.S. Families The percentage of U.S. Hmong Families living below the Poverty Level fell from nearly 70% to about 35% between 1989 and 1999 In terms of job distribution, by far the largest percentage of U.S. Hmong adults were concentrated in Manufacturing Jobs – 38.9% - in 2000, this compares to the 14.1% of the entire U.S. adult population who worked in Manufacturing Jobs The U.S. Hmong Homeownership rate in 2000 was 39% up from 13% in 1990.
Hmong Hall of Fame Touby Lyfoung Touby Lyfoung was an important Hmong political leader in Laos. He was born in 1917 in Nong Het, Laos In 1945 during World War 2, Touby Lyfoung helped organize the anti-Japanese resistance in Laos In 1958, Mr Lyfoung won the legislative elections in his province and was elected as Vice-President of the Laotian National Assembly. He was the first member of the Hmong minority to rise to such a prominent position in Laos From 1960 until 1974, Touby Lyfoung served as head of several ministries in the Royal Lao Government After the takeover of Laos by the Communist Pathet Lao in 1975, he was arrested and sent to a labor camp along the Vietnamese border where he died in 1979
Hmong Hall of Fame General Vang Pao General Vang Pao was born in Laos Vang Pao joined the anti-Japanese resistance led by Touby Lyfoung at a very young age in 1945 Vang Pao fought as a corporal, sergeant and then an officer under the French Union Army flag against the Communist Viet Minh until 1954 when the Geneva Conference granted independence to Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos Vang Pao was named a Brigade General in the Royal Lao Army in 1964 With CIA assistance, General Vang Pao led a fierce resistance to the North Vietnamese and the North Vietnamese Communists from 1961-1973 General Vang Pao left Laos in 1975 General Vang Pao is the founder of Lao Family Community, a Hmong social service organization with offices in several states The photo shows General Vang Pao in Laos in the 1960s. Photo by Paul White.
Hmong Hall of Fame Dr. Yang Dao Dr. Yang Dao is a scholar and educator. Dr. Yang Dao received his Ph.D. in social science from the Sorbonne University in Paris, France in 1972. He was the first Hmong to earn a PhD Dr. Yang Dao served in the Ministry of Planning of the Royal Lao Government from 1972-1974 and the Political Consultative Council, a National Coalition of the Kingdom of Laos from 1974-1975 In 1983 Dr. Yang moved to the United States where he has continued his writing, editing several Hmong-related academic journals and publishing the book Hmong at the Turning Point in 1993 Dr. Yang Dao has worked for the Saint Paul Public Schools and served on the boards of several major Minnesota institutions
Hmong Hall of Fame ( Senator Mee Moua Mee Moua was the first Hmong to be elected to a state legislative office in the United States in January 2002 As a State Senator in Minnesota, Mee Moua represents the East Side of Saint Paul, a district with a large Hmong residential population Mee Moua was born in war-torn Laos in 1969. She and her family left Laos because her father was a medic who had assisted the US Soldiers during the Vietnam conflict. Ms. Moua and her family resettled in the United States in 1978 Mee Moua is also employed as an Attorney
Hmong Hall of Fame Representative Cy Thao Cy Thao was elected as a State Representative in Minnesota's District 65A in the November 5, 2002 election and re-elected in the November 2, 2004 election Cy Thao represents the Frogtown neighborhood of Saint Paul in the Minnesota State House Cy Thao was the second Hmong to win election to a state legislature in the U.S. Cy Thao is also a professional visual artist
Hmong Clans The 18 Hmong Clans 1.Chang/Cha (Tsaab) 2.Chue (Tswb) 3.Cheng (Tsheej) 4.Fang (Faj) 5.Her (Hawj) 6.Hang (Taag/Haam) 7.Khang (Khaab) 8.Kong (Koo) 9.Lee/Ly (Lis) 10.Kue (Kwm) 11.Lor (Lauj) 12.Moua (Muas/Zag) 13.Pha (Phab) 14.Thao (Thoj) 15.Vang (Vaaj/Vaj) 16.Vue (Vwj) 17.Xiong (Xyooj) 18.Yang (Yaaj)
Hmong Clans Functions of Hmong Clans Clans are Hmong Family Groups, the Clan Name is the Family Name Clans provide the basic form of social and political organization in Hmong society At birth, a Hmong person takes his or her father's clan name and remains a member for life with the exception of Hmong women who marry and take on new identities in their husbands' clans Hmong clans provide their members with social support. Members of a clan are expected to provide mutual assistance to one another. In the U.S. there continue to be Lee, Moua, Vue etc. clan associations for this purpose Hmong clans provide their members with legal and mediation assistance. Any dispute between two Hmong or different clans (such as a divorce) will typically be settled by leaders of the two clans Traditionally, clans also provide economic assistance to their members
Hmong Religion About 70% of Hmong in the U.S. continue to practice the traditional Animist Hmong Religion and Shamanism About 1/3 of the Hmong population in the U.S. are Christians. Hmong Christians belong to many denominations, but the largest number are members of the Christian Missionary Alliance Church The photo shows a 12-year old Hmong-American Shaman. The photo is from The Split Horn film documentary website: www.pbs.org/splithorn/ shamanism.html
Traditional Hmong Religion Hmong who continue to practice Animism and Shamanism believe that a spiritual world continues to coexist with the physical world The Hmong believe in many spirit types including ancestral spirits, house spirits and spirits in the natural world Many ritual ceremonies are performed by the Hmong for the purpose of fulfilling the will of the ancestors and natural spirits The Hmong use Shamans as a way to maintain communication between the physical and the spiritual world Hmong people use Shamans to perform rituals and sacrifice animals with the goal of pacifying the various spirits and curing illnesses Hmong believe in reincarnation Photo: The Split Horn is a 2001 documentary about a Hmong Shaman living in Appleton, WI with his family. From the Split Horn Website www.pbs.org/splithorn/ shamanism.html
Traditional Hmong Beliefs about Health and Medicine Hmong Beliefs about the Causes of Illnesses Non-Christian Hmong believe that illness is caused a wide variety of factors. Hmong beliefs about the causes of illness fall into 3 basic categories: Natural or Non-Spiritual Causes of Illness – The Hmong, like most other cultures, understand that many illnesses are caused naturally, either by the environment around them or by the natural processes of life and aging Spiritual or Religious Causes of Illness – Ancestor, nature, and evil spirits are all thought to be able to cause illness to people in certain cases. Unlike evil spirits, ancestor and nature spirits are perceived as being non-harmful in general and to only cause illness in people when they are offended Other Causes of Illness This category includes a broad range of other types of peceived causes of illnesses. One example from this category involves Curses. It is a common traditional Hmong belief that persons who have been wronged by another person have the power to curse the wrongdoer and bring about illness Non-Christian Hmong use Shamans to diagnose and treat the causes of illness Source: Bruce Bliatout (1990). "Hmong Beliefs about Health and Illness." Hmong Forum, 1:41-45.
Traditional Hmong Beliefs about Health and Medicine Loss of Souls as a Cause of Illness Hmong believe that an important spiritual cause of illness results from an individual losing some of the twelve (12) souls that are thought to dwell in the human body. For a person to be in good health, all twelve souls must be intact in the body Souls may be lost in a variety of ways including: Sudden fright (for example a dog barking scares a young child) Fear or too much grief Capture by an evil spirit A soul trying to transfer to another being because they are unhappy According to the Hmong belief system: many aches and pains, depression and even more serious symptoms of mental illness are caused by a person having lost souls Source: Bruce Bliatout (1990). "Hmong Beliefs about Health and Illness." Hmong Forum, 1:41-45.
Traditional Hmong Beliefs about Health and Medicine Western Medical Practices that May Conflict with the Traditional Hmong Belief System Surgery – Many Hmong believe that surgery may interfere with reincarnation after they die and/or surgery may open access to the body for evil spirits to enter Drawing Blood – Many Hmong feel that blood maintains balance in the body and that withdrawing blood will weaken the body Autopsies – Traditional Hmong believe that an autopsy on a deceased person may hinder reincarnation. For this reason, many Hmong believe they will have betrayed a family member if they allow an autopsy to be performed. More broadly, Hmong also believe it is disrespectful to allow the body of their relative to be dissected Source: Dia Cha (2000). Hmong American Concepts of Health, Healing and Illness and their Experience with Conventional Medicine. PhD Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Hmong Cultural Practices associated with Pregnancy Hmong believe a person is connected to the placenta (birth shirt in Hmong beliefs) for life Following birth, Hmong traditionally bury the placenta Traditionally, the placenta of a boy is buried beneath the main post of the house since it is considered the connecting link to the ancestral spirits, and a son is responsible for the spiritual obligations of the lineage. The placenta of a girl is traditionally buried under the parent's bed Hmong believe that at the time of death, the deceased collects the birth shirt (placenta) at the birthplace, and with the proper performance of rituals the soul can find its way back to the land of darkness and eventual rebirth back on Earth. On the third day after birth, a soul-calling and naming ceremony is held, Hmong do not believe the child is truly a person with a full complement of souls until this ceremony is held
Hmong Cultural Practices associated with Pregnancy Traditionally, Hmong believe the new mother should stay at home to rest with the newborn child for thirty (30) days following a birth Hmong believe the new mother should follow a special post-partum diet in the 30 day post-birth period. This diet includes "hot" as opposed to "cold" foods. Hot foods in the post-partum diet include fresh hot rice, and chicken boiled with fresh green herbs. The husband and/or mother-in-law will often cook these foods for the new mother The new mother and child are not encouraged to visit other households and in Southeast Asia, Hmong may place a taboo sign outside of the home to warn others of the status of the mother and the newborn
Hmong Funerals and the Hmong Funeral Ceremony Hmong believe that proper burial and worship of ancestors directly influence the health, safety and prosperity of the family Access to a traditional Hmong funeral ceremony is perceived as a religious freedom issue by non-Christian Hmong families. The Hmong funeral ceremony in Minnesota usually involves a full 3 day process, it is often longer in Southeast Asia. Family members usually will stay awake for most if not all of the 3 days to take part in ceremonies and give proper respect to the deceased Currently, there are only 2 Hmong funeral homes in the Twin Cities, creating long waits for many local Hmong families when loved ones die Sources: Hmong Cultural Center staff and Bruce Bliatout (1993). "Hmong Death Customs: Traditional and Acculturated." In Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, edited by D.K. Irish, K.F. Lundquist, and V.J. Nelsen, 79-100. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis.
Hmong Funerals and the Hmong Funeral Ceremony The traditional (non-Christian) Hmong funeral ceremony involves an extensive set of rituals and ceremonial songs which are played on both the Qeej instrument and are orally recited The sounds of the Qeej (reed pipe) instrument are thought by Hmong to be essential in allowing the spirit of the deceased to find its way to the afterlife Besides the Qeej player and the accompanying drummer, another important participant in the Hmong funeral ceremony is the Guide to the Spirit World who orally recites several songs, and who lists the things that the family must provide the deceased's (12) souls for making a successful trip and explains how the souls are to make the trip In traditional Hmong funerals, animals are usually sacrificed and offered to the deceased for spiritual consumption as well as to take to the spirit world Sources: Hmong Cultural Center staff and Bruce Bliatout (1993). "Hmong Death Customs: Traditional and Acculturated." In Ethnic Variations in Dying, Death, and Grief: Diversity in Universality, edited by D.K. Irish, K.F. Lundquist, and V.J. Nelsen, 79-100. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis.
Hmong Marriages and the Hmong Marriage Ceremony Hmong may not marry a member of their own clan, no matter how distantly related. Marriage partners are chosen from among the other 17 clans. Hmong perceive a marriage as a relationship not only between two households but also between two clans Divorce is a taboo in traditional Hmong culture but is becoming more common among younger Hmong in the United States Hmong Mej Koob (May Kong) are marriage negotiators who work to resolve past problems between the families involved while also setting the Dowry. One Mej Koob represents the bride's family and the other represents the interests of the groom's family Hmong Mej Koob also perform marriage songs and rituals which have importance in traditional Hmong religion. For this reason, the continued and unrestricted use of Mej Koobs is seen as a religious freedom issue by many non-Christian Hmong in the U.S. Efforts to license or impose restrictions on the practice of Mej Koobs are seen as an offensive imposition on religious freedom by many non-Christian Hmong The Dowry paid by the husband's family to the wife's family varies, the 18 Clan Council in Minnesota has attempted to set a standardized Dowry of $5,000
Hmong Marriages and the Hmong Marriage Ceremony Following marriage, it is usually expected that the wife will move in with her husband and her in-laws Many Hmong in the United States continue to be married only in the Hmong culture and they do not have U.S. marriage licenses. This sometimes causes problems in attaining health and other social program benefits. It also causes difficulties in cases of divorce and child support situations Traditionally in Southeast Asia, most Hmong marry as teenagers for family-based economic reasons. While some Hmong families may encourage their daughters to marry as teenagers, recent research in Minnesota has shown that many Hmong- American teenagers may actually be adopting early marriage patterns in an effort to gain independence from their families and not necessarily as a result of adherence to "traditional Hmong culture." In Southeast Asia, a small minority of wealthy farmers as well as military and community leaders practiced polygamy. A small group of older Hmong men in the U.S. continues to practice polygamy, and are involved in more than one marriage in the Hmong culture (these are not usually official American marriages). Polygamy is very unusual among Hmong-Americans who are under 40 years old
The Hmong Language The Hmong language branches into two dialects: White Hmong and Green (or Blue) Hmong. The colors in these names represent the colors used in the traditional women's costumes of the different groups The differences between the White and Green Hmong dialects are probably not much greater than those which distinguish British and American English About equal numbers of the American Hmong population speak White and Green Hmong The majority of books published in the Hmong language are in White Hmong Over the past few years, some Green Hmong scholars in the U.S. have led a movement to get Green Hmong persons recognition as a separate group from White Hmong by using the Green spelling "Mong" instead of "Hmong"
The Hmong Language In the Modern Era, a Hmong writing system wasn't developed until the 1950s The Romanized Hmong writing system was developed by missionaries from the Christian Missionary Alliance Church who were working with Hmong Communities in Southeast Asia The Hmong language differs from English in that most words only have one syllable Even though a Romanized system is used, the sound system that goes along with the Hmong alphabet is very different from English
The Hmong Language There are 8 tones in the Hmong language. The tones completely change the meaning of words that may sound very much alike to non-Hmong The Hmong language uses tonal markers, which are the last letter at the end of each word. The markers are not pronounced but indicate the tone The Hmong language uses the following tonal markers which are underlined in this example of the hypothetical combination between Da + the tone. 1.Dam (low tone) 2.Das (low tone) 3.Dad (low tone) 4.Dag (breathy tone) 5.Da (no tone) 6.Daj (high long tone) 7.Dav (high medium tone) 8.Dab (high short tone) In Hmong, Nyob Zoo = Hello. Pronounced Nah Zhong In Hmong, Sib Ntsib Dua = Goodbye. Pronounced She Gee Duo
Hmong Schoolchildren and School/Parent Relationships Many Hmong Children in Kindergarten to first or second grade find learning English difficult. Most Hmong families do not teach reading and writing in the Hmong language though the Hmong language is primarily if not exclusively spoken at home According to some studies, a large proportion of Hmong students are visual learners. Effective instructional strategies should include visual, and hands-on activities Hmong children and youth must deal with conflicting messages from their family and peer culture with the old culture still being practiced at home on a daily basis by their parents while they also have continued exposure to and pressure from the peer youth culture at home Most Hmong parents place a high value on their children's education but they may lack the resources or personal background to personally teach their children important academic skills. Communication must be established between parents and the schools so that each party can understand and respect the other's potential role in a partnership Many Hmong parents continue to practice corporal punishment in the home and strongly believe in disciplining their children in cases of misbehavior
Cultural Etiquette for Interacting with Traditional Hmong Greetings and Communication The handshake may be a new concept to the traditional Hmong person, this is especially the case among women. Traditional Hmong usually do not shake hands with women. Many Hmong women feel embarrassed shaking the hands of a male. Traditionally, handshakes do not not occur. Persons greet one another verbally. Holding hands too tightly during a handshake will embarrass Hmong women Most traditional Hmong families do not enjoy hearing direct comments about their children, especially infants and babies. A comment such as "your child is cute" is not looked upon favorably. Many Hmong believe that if a bad spirit hears such comments, it might come and take the child's soul away When talking to a Hmong person, he or she may not look directly at you or give eye contact. The person you are speaking to may look down or away from you. Traditionally looking directly into the face of a Hmong person or making direct eye contact is considered to be rude and inappropriate
Cultural Etiquette for Interacting with Traditional Hmong Communication Hmong people tend to be humble. They usually do not want to show or express their true emotions in front of others. Often, they will say: "maybe" or "I will try" instead of giving a definite positive or negative reply. Sometimes they might say "okay" or "yes" which actually means "no", when they feel pressured Most traditional Hmong elders, especially men, do not want strangers to touch their heads, or those of their children, due to their religious beliefs and personal values Most traditional Hmong men take on an adult name after they have married and had their first child. The adult name is added to the first name. Most Hmong men prefer to be called by their adult name
Cultural Etiquette for Interacting with Traditional Hmong Gender and Family Roles When conversing with a Hmong family, one should always ask for the head of the household which is usually the father It may be considered quite embarrassing and rude when outsiders assumingly label the members of a Hmong family as man or wife. If one does not know the family or the relationships between family members, one should ask Traditionally, it is considered inappropriate for the opposite genders to sit too close to one another when conversing. To avoid misinterpretations, a male should keep a distance between himself and a female when in conversation or in any type of encounter
Cultural Etiquette for Interacting with Traditional Hmong Cultural Customs There are many unusual physical marks which might be found on the body of a Hmong person. These are commonly the result of a home treatment with tiger balm and other remedies for traditional healing and health problems such as colds and headaches. These marks may involve bruises or redness from cupping, spooning, or coining on the neck, shoulder, back, chest, forearms, and forehead Hmong who practice the traditional Hmong religion also may wear unusual accessories such as red necklaces made from silver and brass, white cloths around their wrists, and red or white strings on their wrists, necks, or ankles. These accessories may be worn for health and religious purposes
Useful Resource Websites Hmong Cultural and Resource Center www.hmongcenter.org www.hmongcenter.org Hmong Studies Journal www.hmongstudies.org Learn about Hmong www.learnabouthmong.com WWW Hmong Homepage www.hmongnet.org Hmong Archives www.hmongarchives.org
Hmong Cultural and Resource Center 995 University Avenue Suite 214 Saint Paul, MN 55104 651-917-9937 www.hmongcenter.org email@example.com
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Mary ZolpWashington D.C., District of Columbia, US
English (North American), English
Australian, British, North American, Russian
Child, Middle Aged, Teen, Young Adult
Special Skills
Audiobooks, Business, Cartoons, Documentaries, Educational, Internet, Jingles, Movie Trailers, Music, Podcasting, Radio, Telephone, Television, Videogames
I'm a narrative, commercial, and animation voiceover artist with two years of experience in professional voice acting. My highest profile part to date was at the 2013 Marine Corps Marathon in Washington D.C. as the voice of the Finish Festival, where my voice congratulated finishers and directed them through the city of Rosslyn. I've also provided my voice for training videos, commercials, and characters in animated series.
I've trained with Emmy Award-winning actor Michael Baker at the Little Theatre in Alexandria in Virginia, as well as with Darren Dunstan at Actor's Connection in NYC.
AT4040 and AT2020
Computer & Software
MacBook Pro with Adobe Audition and Audacity
Delivery Methods
Dropbox, Google Drive, CD, or just let me know what works best for you!
Turnaround Time
24 hrs
Payment Terms
Hire Mary as a voice actor. Payment is made through Voices.com SurePay, an escrow service that guarantees your work is done to your satisfaction. Send payment securely by Visa, Mastercard or PayPal through Voices.com then download your files from the website.
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Next Steps
To contact Mary Zolp about your project, request a quote today. We'll walk you through the process step-by-step. It's fast and easy.
Hire Mary Zolp as a voice actor. Working with Mary Zolp is fast and easy. We'll walk you through the process step-by-step.
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Best Share
Best Share provides the best touch and care for your language needs in English and Chinese. Best Share offers great programs for children, adults and exam preparation and guidance.
Our classes range from interactive and fun Spoken English for kids; SAT, TOEFL, IELTS for older students; corporate training for business people and Chinese language and culture for expats.


text: Draugų Namai offers guest accommodation in the centre of Druskininkai, 493 feet from Lake Druskonis. It is unique for its room layout, and uses solar energy for water and room heating. It has free Wi-Fi. Each ground floor room has its own, private entrance. Every room is decorated in a simple, modern, Scandinavian style. All have a private bathroom with a shower and a flat-screen TV with cable channels. Guests can use free, private parking. Bicycle rental is possible at extra charge. Draugų Namai is located 1,313 feet from an Aquapark and 2,953 feet from Druskininkai Bus Station. Snow Arena, a whole-year skiing and snowboarding resort, is 2.2 miles from Draugų Namai.


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Overall trends in the data revealed:
- Customer priorities in supplier selection are samples and demonstrations of products and services to trial, and previous working relationships with trusted brands
- Suppliers perform well overall, but have lower levels of satisfaction in key maintenance and logistical issues
- Caterpillar received the highest average satisfaction ratings in 8 categories and was considered the leading supplier for most categories of surface mining equipment
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Report URL: http://www.reportsweb.com/Winning-and-retaining-business-in-the-mining-equipment-sector-in-Asia-Pacific,-2016—a-survey-of-key-buyers-and-decision-makers
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The report is based on responses from a survey of over 110 senior decision makers at operating Asia-Pacific mines, responsible for the purchase of equipment for plant and mine operations, along with its consumables. Survey respondents represented 8 different countries including: India, Indonesia and the Philippines. This included four different commodity groups and a range of surface and underground mining operations.
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Peer reviewed
ERIC Number: EJ043937
Record Type: CIJE
Publication Date: 1971
Pages: N/A
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: 0
Training "Turned On" Health Teachers
Poliakoff, Marion S.
Journal of Drug Education, 1, 2, 187-193, Jun 71
This article describes a new approach to making teachers comfortable in their classroom discussions with students about drugs, alcohol and smoking. Selected plays were performed for an audience of teachers and students who then talked about the issues that emerged through drama. (Author)
Descriptors: Drug Abuse, Health Education, Student Teacher Relationship, Teacher Education, Teachers, Training
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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
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The Tannic acid from tea is also good for a sore throat. This is one of the home remedies that I have used in the past. No more alcohol based cough medicine.Thanks for sharing!
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Jeromy and Brandy Allen of Kosciusko, Mississippi are so proud of their son, Coby, getting his first buck this past weekend of opening day of bow season. Coby is 12 years old and also saw four deer out of range. He had a blast and I think he is hooked for life now. Both parents are avid hunters as well and I'm sure it's in his blood by now in our great wild and wonderful Mississippi Outdoors!
A mother, stepmother, grandmother and great grandmother who was taught deer hunting by my second husband, Bob, in my mid-forties. I'm still hunting today and loving it!


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This report provides a detailed analysis of the current industry size and growth expectations during 2014–19, including highlights of the key growth stimulators. It also benchmarks the industry against key global markets and provides detailed understanding of emerging opportunities in specific areas.
The report,The Belgian Defense Industry - Market Attractiveness and Emerging Opportunities to 2019: Market Profile" is an essential source of information covering the market attractiveness and emerging opportunities of the defense industry in Belgium.
The effects of the European debt crisis and widening fiscal deficit pushed the Belgian government to lower its budget for the defense sector during 2010–2014. Belgian defense expenditure registered a negative CAGR of 0.31% between 2010 and 2014. Although the budget is projected to record annual decline in 2015 and 2016, an expected economic upturn in the second half of the decade will lead to an increase in the defense budget from 2017 onwards.
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On october 29, Elizabeth attended 2016 LACMA Art + Film Gala Honoring Robert Irwin And Kathryn Bigelow with her sisters, Ashley and Mary-Kate. Enjoy !
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Hey guys! Last night, Elizabeth attended the American Ballet Theatre 2016 Fall Gala in Los Angeles. She was stunning! Enjoy !
On october 16, Elizabeth was seen at the Farmers Market in Los Angeles. Enjoy !
On october 15, Elizabeth attended the 5th Annual Hilarity For Charity Variety Show in Los Angeles. Enjoy !


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A vision of Britain between 1801 and 2001.
Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions.
These FAQs cover using and understanding our statistical data. See also the "How to use the statistical atlas" tab when you go into a specific rate page within the Statistical Atlas part of the site.


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We need 15 reviewers for the Airssential LifeTemp Radient Non-contact Thermometer! See below for more details and for reviewer criteria.
The new LifeTemp Radient Thermometer is a precision, non-contact, thermometer that hygienically and accurately records body temperature in a safe, non-invasive and comfortable manner whilst eliminating cross infection and spreading of germs.
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Sardinia is one of the most important yacht charter locations in the ever popular Western Mediterranean and this beautiful island sees some of the best and newest private luxury yachts in the world during summer time. Some of the most attractive beaches and harbours in the Mediterranean bring the motor yachts to these emerald shores, whilst the island's fair summer breeze and notable yachting regattas draw in the luxury sailing yachts to visit. Sardinia yacht charter offers an exciting mix of natural rugged beauty culture and history with chic ports, restaurants, designer shops and beach clubs.
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Luxury Sailing Yachts for charter in Sardinia include Attimo, Highland Breeze and IPHARRA. Attimo is a 31.45m (105') well proportioned yacht launched in 2004. Luxury sailing yacht Attimo, produced by CMN, sleeps eleven charter guests in four cabins. At 112ft (34m), Highland Breeze is larger than Attimo and was launched in 2002. Highland Breeze, crafted by Nautor Swan, sleeps six guests in 3 dble cabins. Launched more recently than Highland Breeze, IPHARRA is a 31.09m (102' ) well sized luxury yacht launched in 2009. Sailing Yacht IPHARRA, crafted by Sunreef Yachts, sleeps twelve charter guests in five cabins. There are plenty of great yachts available in Sardinia. Please click on the link below to see more luxury sailing yachts in this vacation destination.
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'Samarcande', BLIND DATE and MAC BREW are Yachts available in Sardinia. 'Samarcande' is a 26,70 m / 87,5 ft good sized yacht launched in 2003. Motor Yacht 'Samarcande' sleeps six charter guests in three cabins. At 47m (154'2"), BLIND DATE is larger than 'Samarcande' and was launched in 2009. Megayacht BLIND DATE, crafted by Heesen, sleeps 10-11 guests in five cabins. MAC BREW is a 40.80m (133' 10") spacious luxury yacht launched in 2002. Motor yacht MAC BREW, by Heesen, accommodates twelve guests in six cabins. Follow the link below to view a complete list of the Sardinia yachts.
Interested in news about Sardinia? Follow the links below for Luxury Yacht Charter and Superyacht News related to Sardinia and other locations.
This document is not contractual. The yacht charters and their particulars displayed in the results above are displayed in good faith and whilst believed to be correct are not guaranteed. CharterWorld Limited does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information and/or images displayed. All information is subject to change without notice and is without warrantee. A professional CharterWorld yacht charter consultant will discuss each charter during your charter selection process. Starting prices are shown in a range of currencies for a one-week charter, unless otherwise marked. Exact pricing and other details will be confirmed on the particular charter contract. Just follow the "reserve this yacht charter" link for your chosen yacht charter or contact us and someone from the CharterWorld team will be in touch shortly.


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Poetic Rationality
Impugning and being impugned
,milling around,
declaring mode of verse
and denying others their rights.
Some fly the finger at order
in ultimate omage to themselves
spewing their lines without
regard to humanity
ejaculating ink
without form.
We who reason
stand and gawk
Forming lines for love
in sand where water
obliterates without conscience
to prove us fools
yet still we venture
trying to write
to some level of permanence
Something that will tip the scales
in favor of understanding
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Comments 10 comments
A questioning polemic that shouts at the inane garbage strewn about in the name of " poetry "...Simile and metaphor have become trendy, predictable, and imminently forgettable..
There are many accomplished and aspiring poets that I follow and admire here in HubPages...from the satirical to the philosophical, they work hard at improving their craft and it is those that I support and encourage...Larry
Jaggedfrost...As I have mentioned before; a poet need not explain his or her prose, as many will take what they want or need from it...Elizabeth Barrett Browning in her " Sonnets from the Portuguese " you will find many examples of metaphor and simile that are disciplined, apt, and few...By disciplined, I mean heavily edited and snipped...Her " How do I love thee, let me count the ways..." is an enduring example of disciplined metaphor...When she says " What I do and what I dream include thee, as the wine must taste of its own grapes..." is simple, apt, and disciplined...
Now you have me seeking musty books on my neglected bookcase to remind myself that yes, as you have elegantly stated, " yet still we venture
trying to write
to some level of permanence
Something that will tip the scales
in favor of understanding "...
Few things in life are permanent, one is true love, and another is death...Both demanding subjects since we may have experienced the first, but have yet to experience the last...Larry
Your view of extremists versus "rationalists" rings true, and very relevant in today's world. I, too, care deeply that people do not think enough, listen enough, and empathize enough with those they differ with. My recent hub addresses the issue in a far less poetic way. I continue to read and think about the way humans treat each other. Thank you for the insightful poem.
Jagged: I read you in the forums and thought I'd take a look at your stuff. I wasn't disappointed. Your post reveals your obvious passion for the subject-- isn't it a shame that poetry is such an abused form of expression? For some self-proclaimed poets, a diary or journal would suffice in purging their inner demons without doing it under the guise of poetic license. But we wade and sift though it all in search of a truly poetic voice rising from the din. You're coming through loud and clear. I find your posts to be both intelligent and articulate. Glad I stopped by. Hope you get a chance to visit me as well :)


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Amy Young's Profile
Foam on the Range is a husband-and-wife business based in Wichita, KS. We're professional entrepreneurs and love starting businesses, but this is our favorite one yet! Making soap is a lot of fun, and we really love the benefits of using our products ourselves.
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- Amy Young
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Image Compression Multiple Choice Questions Test 1 Tests pdf Download
Practice digital image processing test 1 on image compression multiple choice questions online for learning. Practice image compression basics MCQs questions and answers on image compression basics, image compression techniques, image compressors, image compression models, fundamentals of image compression with answers. Free image compression revision notes has answer key with choices as quantization, sampling, framing and both a and b of multiple choice questions (MCQ) as digitizing image intensity amplitude is called to test learning skills. Study to learn image compression basics quiz questions to practice MCQ based online exam preparation test.
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MCQ. Digitizing image intensity amplitude is called
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MCQ. Compressed image can be recovered back by
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MCQ. Information is the
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The K2 Moto men's protective gear includes wrist guards, elbow and knee pads. Each Moto pad provides durable protection and comfort, with its breathable mesh fabric and longer elastic.
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Christie Lee fucks her man outdoors by pool
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On June 14, 2009, the ACA Board of Directors approved a motion pertaining to requiring First Aid and CPR for all ACA Instructors, Instructor Trainers, and Instructor Trainer Educators.
On June 25, 2009, the SEIC Executive Committee finalized the actual policy manual wording. The official policies associated with the First Aid & CPR Requirement can be found in the SEIC Policy Manual, revised as of 9-16-2009.
We have provided the overview document detailing the process.
Please review the revised SEIC Policy Manual at your earliest convenience.
Implementation Plan:
If you have any questions, please contact the Safety Education & Instruction Department.
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Beachfront Condo - Three Bedroom - Luxury
From $221 / night
|Per week:
|$1,545 - $2,195
|Pets allowed:
Bedrooms: 3
Bathrooms: 2
Sleeps: 8
Type: Condo
Pets allowed: No
Internet: Yes
Dan Gutwein
About the owner
Owner Profile
|Dec 15 2016
|Apr 09 2017
|1 Week
|Apr 09 2017
|Dec 17 2017
|1 Week
|Apr 30 2017
|Dec 24 2017
|1 Week
|Check In: 4 p.m. Check Out: 9 a.m.
|Lodging tax: 12%
|Deposits: 13% Tax/Fees (7% State, 5% County, 1% handling) Renters must be at least 25 years of age. Spring Break/Easter weeks subject to $300 Premium Charge $300 booking deposit, Balance payable 60 days prior to arrival Full refund (minus $100 cancellation fee) for cancellations more than 60 days from arrival. $300 booking deposit, Balance payable 60 days prior to arrival Full refund (minus $100 cancellation fee) for cancellations more than 60 days from arrival.
|Payment Options: American Express, Cashier's Check, Discover, Mastercard, Money Order, Personal Check, Visa
|Other Fees: Rental rates are based on 6 person occupancy. There is a $70.00 per week charge for each additional person.
Reviews (6)
Reviews for this vacation condo rental in Siesta Key, Florida
Awesome condo right on the beach.
Tom Wasurick
Wrightstown, WI
Awesome condo right on the beach.
December 5, 2016
Great place to stay if your looking for a condo right on the beach. Condo had everything you need for a great stay. We had one small issue that was resovled right away and our stay was perfect after with no problems. Only minor thing that was bad was the wifi doesnt work real well, but like I said it was minor. We will for sure stay here again in the future. The area is breathtaking around the condo.
Mark Keen
Louisville KY
November 30, 2016
Great.sunsets 10
Just Perfect!
Linda Brunette
St John,IN
Just Perfect!
May 22, 2016
The condo was perfect. Clean,beautiful views, comfortable. Can't get any closer to the amazing beach. Would definitely stay here again!!
3 bedroom condo
Betty A. Welte
Elkhorn, NE
3 bedroom condo
January 11, 2016
Our stay at a 3 bedroom condo at Fishermans Cove was perfect. The condo was beautiful and provided all we needed. We loved being close to restaurant, shopping and water rental items. We lucked out and had lovely weather. pool was nice and we did some fishing on the beach and got lots of shells.
Siesta Keys Christmas
Romaine Ruffley
Struthers, OH USA
Siesta Keys Christmas
January 4, 2015
We are very happy with our recent stay in Siesta Keys. The house was perfectly located a short walk to the beautiful beach or a quick walk into the village with all the restaurants and activities. The house provided us with a great place to cook... we grilled steaks on Christmas eve... as well a resting place which was our intent for this particular vacation. We sat outside or played in the pool almost everyday of our stay. The last 4 days the weather was spectacular and we lived on the patio! The house was comfortable and enough room for the 6 of us. Though small, the kitchen and a full refridgerator and stove allowed us to prepare any meal we wanted.... and we ate them all on the lanai.The owners provided a TV, dvd player, wifi and a book with menus and directions for their home... these additions enhanced our stay and made it feel like home! They also provided plenty of towels, additional blankets, chairs for the beach and a wagon to pull them there! There were rafts and sand toys also. All the things a family would need for a week at the beach. And the beach was spectacular! It is named the number one beach in the US with good reason! Even on a cool day, walking the beach was fun and every turn of the head was like a postcard! It was a great vacation and we are very happy with our stay. Next time though, we are going to bring some Christmas lights... just to give it some Christmas cheer!
Quiet, private and perfect for a family vacation
Natalie Cheerman
Meriden, CT, USA
Quiet, private and perfect for a family vacation
February 7, 2013
This condo provided a perfect getaway for our family(grandparents, daughter and son-in-law, 4 year old and 1 1/2 year old). It was clean, nicely appointed, directly on the beach, had a heated pool and was a perfect location for our son-in-law to fish. We have stayed down the road on Siesta Key beach, which is, of course, a superior beach. However, the traffic noise is unpleasant. Fisherman's Cove has none of the traffic issues. While the beach is not as beautiful as Siesta Key, it is just a 5 minute ride away. Our grandchildren didn't care that our beach was not as pretty as Siesta Key.....sand is sand to kids. The unit (304A) was extremely clean, well supplied and the beds were very comfortable. The grounds are impeccable. We will defintely return next year!
2 Reviews
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Combined Vase/Candlestick
A very clever design! We expect this sleek product to show up at gift shops at design-art museums. One product - two functions. You start with a pretty designer vase - flip it over - and now you have a unique candlestick!
The vase is made of white stoneware. The inside of the vase (and candle holders) is orange for an extra touch of color.
The candlestick holds three tealights.
Dimensions: 9 7/8 inches tall.
Comes in a pretty Sagaform box. So, a perfect gift too!
Designed by the talented design team DesignWright for Skandiform.


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- Man shot by police ID'd; witness shares his side of story (2/17/17)31
- Settlement reached in accidental shooting case at Kelly High (2/15/17)10
- Jackson board votes to demolish high school building if bond issue passes (2/15/17)24
- MSHP: McLendon shot in side; autopsy refutes witness account (2/19/17)23
- Cape officer shoots man inside a home (2/16/17)7
- Panda Express restaurant coming to Cape's Siemers Drive (2/14/17)2
- Business notebook: Owners ready to roll out the Barrel 131 (2/20/17)3
- Former Cape cop indicted on possessing child porn (2/17/17)
- Man dies after being shot by officer; said to have come at cop with knife (2/16/17)29
- Ray's of Kelso to close, then reopen under new ownership (2/16/17)6
Speak Out 02/26/03
Using Scriptures
FUNDAMENTALIST extremists who ignore scriptural entreaties toward peace, tolerance and love in order to impose their religious viewpoints through violent means are the primary threat in the world today. This is obvious when we observe the Islamic terrorist who misreads the Koran and finds hate there. Equally in error, and just as dangerous, are the fundamentalist Christian and the militant Zionist who fail to see that none of the Scriptures should be used to justify slaughter of the innocents and that all three great religions are related through the great progenitor, Abraham.
The voice of dissent
HAVING LIVED through the Clinton era, I thought constantly criticizing the president, his Cabinet members and their policies was the thing to do. You Republicans taught us well. Now, for some strange reason, no one is supposed to voice dissent. It's regarded as un-American. Sorry, but I will continue voicing my total dissatisfaction.
They were duped
I REJECT the idea that those in the military are mostly there because they want to be. Many are there because it's the only option when you are from poverty. I'd like to know how many of those 18- and 19-year-olds saw pictures of battle when the recruiters signed them up. Anyone whose ever encountered a recruiter knows very well that's the one thing they didn't see or talk about. Stop pretending they're choosing to be there. They're children who were duped into it, just like we're currently being duped by the media into accepting this ridiculous war.
A missed opportunity
I AM a theater student at SEMO who is concerned with the theater and dance department's production of "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum," specifically in regard to the casting of community members, faculty and staff in the show instead of students. Professors always tell us that performing in the shows is an opportunity to learn, but how we can get the chance if they chose to cast everyone but us? The budget for these shows comes from the tuition our parents pay. How fair is it if we are jilted out of our learning experiences?
Trading the blame
REGARDING THE railroad crossing on Route V in Gordonville: Try the crossing on Route A in Dutchtown. It is horrible. I have contacted both the railroad and the Missouri Department of Transportation and have gotten nowhere in the past two years. Something must be done.
Looking for profit
ONLY A demagogue would claim that Democrats want the economy to continue to decline just so President Bush will lose the next election. I am a Democrat whose future relies on the success of the stock market and the economy as a whole. Even though I would like to see Bush defeated, I'm not willing to see my entire financial future go down the drain in order to achieve it. Republicans, you'll have to come up with some new lies about Democrats. This one is just dumb.
Assault on the mind
ANYONE WHO is not brain-dead knows good and well that the form of government established by our Constitution is under full-scale attack. I have probably watched about six hours of TV in the past year. I simply cannot bear the overwhelming intellectual assault which television broadcasting represents to me. It is anathema to a sound mind. Furthermore, in my opinion, TV is to a mature, intelligent adult as Gerber baby food is to an infant. Truly there is a war on for your mind. If you are regularly watching TV, guess who is winning.
Budgetary answer
THE REPRINTED Wall Street Journal screed aside, an Internet tax would be the answer to all government budgetary woes. The real beauty of it would be that it would tend to sock it to the haves.


text:
Keep in mind we don't always restock. This is just for popular items that may come back due to high demand! Customer care can't provide any information about items that are sold out.
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1 Ib. Brown Rice Spaghetti 1 medium organic onions, diced 1 head cauliflower, cut into florets and roasted with olive oil and 1 Tbs. minced garlic 2 portobello mushrooms, diced 12 sundried tomatoes, diced ½ cup (+/-) extra virgin olive … Read More
iEat Green Feels Your Pain! Multi Million Dollar Investors Put Pressure on Banks Supporting Pipeline; Susan Zimet, Executive Director of Hunger Action Network Joins Bhavani on PRN
Hi All, It is so difficult listening to the news everyday, knowing that half the country is hearing it differently then me. Number 45 has done a great job at convincing people that the media is the enemy, and that … Read More
Staying Away From 'Cheap' Eats; The American Diet Goes Global; Lichen Served Alongside Crickets; Food Labeling Simplified, We Hope
Staying Away from 'Cheap' Eats Will Benefit Your Body and Your Conscience Rarely are the cheapest foods at the supermarket or corner store effective in nourishing our body, even if we are tempted by the price. As consumers who are becoming increasingly … Read More
Resist Spectra; Stand up for Science; Reduce Risk for Nuclear War: Fight Back Bannon
Resist Spectra Pipeline: Speak Up Against Fossil Fuel Investment and Protect Our Water Join this welcome action meeting in Manhattan on Monday, February 27th. Details here. Follow ResistSPECTRA on social media for the latest: https://www.facebook.com/resistaim/ https://twitter.com/ResistAIM http://resistspectra.org Also, sign the petition … Read More
iEat Green Shares Interview with Leah Lizarando, the Founder and CEO of 412 Food Rescue
Hi All, I just finished my interview with Leah Lizarando, the Founder and CEO of 412 Food Rescue. We had a great conversation about the problem of food waste in this country (40% of all food is wasted) and the … Read More
iEat Green Visits the Farmers Market in Pinecrest; Leah Lizarondo, Co-Founder of 412 Food Rescue Joins iEat Green on the Progressive Radio Network
Hi Everyone, I was in Florida this past week visiting my dear friend, and we took a stroll to the local Farmers Market. Wow! It is amazing how different the local produce can be, from one state to another. I … Read More
Vote NO on Puzder; Say NO to Cheap Eats; Stop Trump's Anti-Women Regime; Resist the Line 3 Pipeline and #NoDAPL Fighting Still
Reject Andy Puzder for 'Anti-Labor' Secretary "Puzder opposes meaningful minimum-wage increases, and attacked the expansion of paid-sick-day and overtime legislation. And while he rakes in millions as the CEO of CKE Restaurants, the parent company of Hardy's and Carl's Jr., … Read More


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I'll be in Flagstaff for just one day and one night and was wondering what places around town is good for tourism. Will probably be staying at the Weatherford hotel.
The Weatherford has a great location, but be aware it can be noisy at night, particularly on the weekends as its bar is quite popular. Fun bar, though.
I'm not sure what your interests are, but if you're planning on eating I'll suggest these:
Breakfast: Criollo
Pizza: Pizzicletta
Burgers: Diablo's or Tinderbox Annex
Contemporary American: Tinderbox
French inspired: Coppa Cafe
Will you have a car? Go to the Grand Canyon if you have never been. Just don't drive in the dark.
Thanks for the suggestions BoxingJohn. I'm definitely a foodie so I'll keep those places in mind.
As far as interests go I'm into scenic drives, museums, good outside patio to people watch at night while having a drink (I'll be solo), historic land marks, things like that.
And yes I'm aware of the noise level around Weatherford hotel. I'll be there on a Wednesday so hopefully it won't be too noisy but I always sleep with a loud fan anyway so I'm not worried about it. Plus I love staying in historic hotels.
Yes I will have a car but not sure I'm gonna hit the Grand Canyon. I've seen it before and would rather tour Flagstaff, have never been.
Patio to people watch and have a drink? There's a patio downstairs at the Weatherford and a large balcony on the second floor. People watch away.
If you're a foodie, don't miss Coppa Cafe. If you love Neopolitan pizza, I'd flip a coin between that and Pizzicletta.
There are museums in Flag that I am sure people will recommend. I typically only go there to snowboard, eat, and drink.
The historic part of downtown Flagstaff is a few blocks in each direction, plus the Riordan Mansion on Milton and the university. There's not much to tour. East of Flagstaff just outside the city off I-40 is Walnut Canyon NM, a prehistoric site with small cliff dwellings. On Hwy 89 north are Wupatki and Sunset Crater NMs, prehistoric buildings and extinct volcano respectively. Just north on Hwy 180 is the Museum of Northern Arizona which has good exhibits on native culture. There is also the Lowell Observatory.
A big thumbs up for the Riordan Mansion State Park, a 1904 13000 sq ft log duplex built by lumber baron brothers. It has much of its original furniture and stained glass. I think they have tours on the hour.
Lots of people watching available in downtown Flagstaff. The Weatherford will make a nice base for you. Maybe spend a little time on Heritage Square in the evening or late afternoon. You can't miss it - it's pretty much across the street from the Weatherford. There is a wine bar with an open patio facing onto the square. You didn't mention your date of arrival?
I second the recommendation for Riordan Mansion. It's a historic home and quite interesting as a landmark for the city of Flagstaff. You'll get the story of the Riordan's part in the formation of Flagstaff as a bustling lumber town. Also, check out the railroad history by stopping in to the visitor center/Amtrak station. It won't take long but since you enjoy landmarks, you may find this interesting.
Most people enjoy the Museum of Northern Arizona. I also enjoy the Pioneer Museum. Although it's small and not the best-funded museum around, it has an interesting collection of historic artifacts pertinent to the early days of Flagstaff.
As far as scenic drives, you can't do much better than to drive down highway 89A toward Sedona. You won't have time for much more than that in a day, but the drive alone is worth it if you feel like striking out a ways.
Can't argue with BoxingJohn's restaurant recommendations, but I will add that I enjoy MartAnne's for breakfast. It's a hearty start to your day and very tasty.
Enjoy your visit!
Valuable information! I have researched your suggestions and they look great!
What would I do without Tripadvisor?
Much appreciated!
if you have any time left after doing activities as suggested by the wonderful TA experts you could always drive out to Winslow and "stand on the corner". We visited from Australia back in 2011 and a highlight for me, as a huge Eagles fan, was to visit Winslow.


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Modeling in Geomechanics
By (author) Musharraf Zaman Giancarlo Gioda John Booker
Format: Hardback
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Modeling in Geomechanics by Musharraf Zaman
Book DescriptionModeling in Geomechanics Edited by Musharraf Zaman The University of Oklahoma, USA Giancarlo Gioda Politecnico di Milano, Italy John Booker University of Sydney, Australia Geomechanics is an interdisciplinary field involving the study of natural and man--made systems with emphasis on the mechanics of various interacting phenomena. It comprises numerous aspects of engineering and scientific disciplines, which share common bases in mathematics, mechanics and physics. In recent years, with the extraordinary growth of computing power and resources, progress in the generation of new theories and techniques for the analysis of geomechanics problems has far surpassed their actual use by practitioners. This has led to a gap between our ability to deal with complex, inter--disciplinary problems in geomechanics and the actual impact of these advances on engineering practice. This book contains contributions from an international group of accomplished researchers and practitioners from various branches of soil and rock engineering, and presents the latest theoretical developments and practical applications of modeling in geomechanics. Chapters are grouped into four main sections: aeo Computational procedures aeo Constitutive modeling and testing aeo Modeling and simulation aeo Applications Efforts have been made to include recent developments and provide suggestions and examples as to how these can be applied in modeling actual engineering problems. Researchers, practitioners and students in geomechanics, mechanics of solids, soil and rock engineering will find this book an invaluable reference.
Buy Modeling in Geomechanics book by Musharraf Zaman from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780471492184
(257mm x 184mm x 45mm)
Pages: 730
Imprint: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Publish Date: 10-May-2000
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Books By Author Musharraf Zaman
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