text: At first mention, yoga and technology may sound as opposite as chocolate cake and weight loss but there are actually a number of highly-rated meditative apps available. While those engaging in the ancient practice of yoga long ago may have never dreamed that it would one day be connected with smartphone technology, in today's world apps for yogis are one of the best tools out there. Check out these popular apps for the meditative practice.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Children's Book of Heroes
By (author) William J. Bennett
Format: Hardback
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Children's Book of Heroes by William J. Bennett
Book Description"We all need a hero or two to help us stand fast and think right, " says William J. Bennett, author of "The Book of Virtues, " the #1 bestseller that millions of American families turn to for moral inspiration. A new treasury chosen for young children, presents splendid tales of the valor and indomitable spirit. This lasting testament to our cherished values features performances by:
Buy Children's Book of Heroes book by William J. Bennett from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780684834450
(310mm x 240mm x 14mm)
Pages: 110
Imprint: Simon & Schuster Ltd
Publisher: Simon & Schuster Ltd
Publish Date: 1-Dec-1997
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author William J. Bennett
Tried by Fire, Hardback (April 2016)
A major narrative history of Christianity's first thousand years by acclaimed educator and #1 New York Times best-selling author William J. Bennett.
Going to Pot, Paperback (February 2016)
In GOING TO POT, America's first drug czar William Bennett, bestselling author of The Book of Virtues, and co-author Robert White provide moral and scientific arguments against the legalization of marijuana. Their goal is to empower policymakers and family leaders in their fight on behalf of a drug-free culture.
Book of Man, Paperback (October 2013)
In The Book of Man, Bennett charts a clearer course, offering a positive, encouraging, uplifting, realizable idea of manhood, grounded in history and human nature, and practical for contemporary life.
Is College Worth it?, Hardback (April 2013)» View all books by William J. Bennett
Who is responsible for debt-saddled, undereducated students, and how do future generations of students avoid the same problems? What majors and schools will produce competitive graduates? Is College Worth It? uses personal experience, statistical analysis, and real-world interviews to provide answers.
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text:
A key feature of the new Maril 6NXT is the functional door in the transom of the boat which provides access to the integrated bathing platform. The width of the 6NXT combined with the hull profile provide plenty of stability and cruising comfort.
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Engine options include:
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Hull Ral 5004 Blue
Top sides Ral 1013 off white
Hood: Blue
Cushions: Marimonta B22
27 Hp 3 cylinder Vetus
Teakline synthetic floor
Bow thruster
Stainless sink and tap
Black out canopy inserts to all windows
Chemical toilet
Stainless steel options:
Hand grip to console
Ladder to platform
Rubbing strip to platform
2x grab handles to stern
Cup holder double
Trailer eye
Ensin staff
General options:
Nav lights LED 3
2nd battery with 2 pole isolator
Cover for canopy
LED cockpit lighting
12v socket
Whilst every care has been taken in there preparation, the correctness of these particulars is not guaranteed. The particulars are intended only as a guide and they do not constitute a term of any contract. A perspective buyer is strongly advised to check the particulars and where appropriate to have the vessel fully surveyed, inspected and sea or river trialed depending on location of the boat
For detailed information, delivery dates and prices on the complete range of Antaris, Maril & Makma sloepen and cruisers please contact;
Guy Girling by Email firstname.lastname@example.com or Telephone 07701 287046
or your local Tingdene Boat Sales Office
Tingdene Boat Sales market Antaris, Maril & Makma from all 10 of our Boat Sales locations for Bushnell Marine Services, the UK Importers
|Motor Boat
|Sales status:
|Model:Maril 6 NXT
The Broom 35 Coupe allows you to enjoy life on the water in a modern, comfortable and practical way. The ...
£ 199,000
VAT Incl. / Paid
This Seamaster 28 offers a rare opportunity to purchase a model with an inboard Vetus 65hp shaft drive diesel ...
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Pedro 37 Dutch Steel Cruiser with a single Perkins 135hp keel cooled diesel on shaft, 4 berths in 2 cabins, 6hp ...
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A creation from the pen of Antares designer Patrice Sarrazin, the Antares 7. 80 outboard is the flexible day ...
£ 39,500
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text:
Body Logic Supplies
Decrease muscle tension, Muscle self-release,
Physiotherapist, massage therapists and many other allied health
professionals provide "hands on" treatment for a variety of back
conditions. For many years these health professionals have suggested the
use of simple devices such as tennis or rubber balls to assist in
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Treatment for most conditions should not cease once you leave the
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Print this page
The Pocket Physio was developed by physiotherapists as a simple inexpensive tool to release muscle tension.
A simple tool designed by physiotherapists that assists people to use
the correct body positioning during stretching.
The Footeez is specifically designed by physiotherapists to enhance the effects of professional treatment and help patients self manage muscular and fascial tightness.
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Greetings Guest!!Dismiss Notice
In order to combat SPAM on the forums, all users are required to have a minimum of 2 posts before they can submit links in any post or thread.
[Imbuing] Making cost of an imbued Turquoise Ring ?
Discussion in 'UO Craftsman' started by popps, Mar 5, 2010.


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Dean AXS Dreadnought Acoustic Guitar - Tobacco Sunburst
6-String Acoustic Guitar - Tobacco Sunburst
Product Description for the Dean AXS Dreadnought Acoustic Guitar - Tobacco Sunburst
With a Spruce Top, dreadnought-shaped body, this Dean AXS acoustic pumps out a powerful sound with a focused midrange and great warmth. This acoustic is ideal for fingerstyle players or any player who wants their acoustic to cut through the mix.
- Top : Spruce
- Body : Mahogany
- Neck : Mahogany
- Scale Length : 25 1/2
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- Inlays : Pearl Dot
- No. of Frets : 22
- Hardware Color : Chrome
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- Color : Tobacco Sunburst
|Dimensions (WxHxD)


text:
- Internships /
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Trends Media Marketing
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Posted: July 19 2016
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Always be on the alert for potentially fraudulent job postings online - never send money to a potential employer.
DescriptionTrends Media Marketing is is hiring a junior editor to help write and edit content for their growing college magazine SOCIETY19. As an intern, you will be responsible for
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This is an unpaid internship but you can get college credit. Interns will be working in our offices located at 500 West Cummings Park, Woburn MA, and be fully part of our editorial team. This is not a remote/online position.
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DETROIT – February 20, 2017 – Detroit Public Schools Community District reports lead and copper levels are below EPA guidelines of 15 parts per billion (ppb) and 1300 parts per billion (ppb) respectively at all 94 school buildings. "Last spring, Detroit Public Schools Community District embarked on a proactive approach and partnership with the City of Detroit and the Department of Health to test drinking water in all 94 school buildings before June 30, 2016. We then created a collaborative plan to resolve outstanding issues to ensure the safety of our staff and students," said Alycia Meriweather, Interim Superintendent of Detroit Public Schools Community District. Of the buildings tested, 10 schools needed additional mitigation to bring lead and copper levels
Board Approves 11 New DPSCD Teacher-Led Academic Innovation Proposals
Seven Innovation Programs will continue to receive support Detroit Public Schools Community District Board of Education voted unanimously to develop eleven new Academic Innovation Proposals for the 2017-18 school year, and continue to support seven programs started in 2016-17 school year at its February 14, 2017 meeting. Teams reflecting school and community support submitted 31 proposals which were vetted by DPSCD academic, curriculum and network leaders and reviewed for resource needs. Proposals were chosen based on a number of factors including: a clear and concise statement of innovation, alignment with the district's new academic plan, potential to raise student achievement, ability to invigorate communities, and be sustainable and replicable. Analysis shows these programs have the potential to enhance enrollment and
S.T.E.A.M.y Winter Events Continue:Tonight Don't Miss Daniel Washington at the Detroit Library
A Free Concert with Daniel Washington: S.T.E.A.M.y Winter Continues at the Detroit Public Library WHAT: Detroit Public Schools Community District is pleased to announce an evening with Daniel Washington at the Detroit Public Library. It the next event in the S.T.E.A.M.y Winter learning enrichment series, a line-up of free, fun and exciting events with a S.T.E.A.M theme – with S.T.E.A.M standing for Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics. Free Public Event to all DPSCD Families WHO: The Detroit Public Library presents the 73rd Annual E. Azalia Hackley Collection Concert, "An Evening with Daniel Washington." Dr. Daniel Washington, Professor of Voice at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance, has performed at the world's major opera houses
STEAMy Winter Events kick off this weekend: Music Hall Added to Line up
Music Hall to Host Events Expanding DPSCD S.T.E.A.M.y Winter Line-Up to Engage Students and Families This weekend kicks off DPSCD's STEAMy Winter free, fun family events. Tomorrow get ready for the "love" event at the Belle Isle Nature Center featuring Birds and Bees themed activities. The event is FREE to our families 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Detroit Public Schools Community District is pleased to announce the addition of the Music Hall to the list of partners engaged in S.T.E.A.M.y Winter, a line-up of free, fun and exciting events with a S.T.E.A.M theme – with S.T.E.A.M standing for Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics. #STEAMyWinter The Music Hall will be joining well-known family-friendly spots including the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Detroit Institute of
Special Announcement from the Board of Education
The Board of Education is providing the linked superintendent search approved process and timeline for reference.
DPSCD School Board authorizes Leadership to take legal action to stop school closures
The Board of Education held a special meeting last night. After a closed session, the board members voted 7-0 authorizing DPSCD to take legal action when timely and appropriate to present why we believe the school closures suggested by the SRO cannot legally move forward. Below are the statements issued by the Board of Education and Interim Superintendent Alycia Meriweather. DPSCD Board of Education Statement For the first time in nearly a decade, the City of Detroit has a true school board, made up of educators, executives, and community leaders, empowered to make decisions that will improve our schools and lead to better educational outcomes for Detroit's children. Yet, just days into our term, the State School Reform Office
S.T.E.A.M.y Winter Events Fun Family Educational Activities
DPSCD and Major Arts and Science Organizations Partner on Series of Winter S.T.E.A.M. Events: #TEAMYWINTER LIST OF ALL EVENTS Detroit Public Schools Community District and major partners from the city's largest and most exciting arts and scientific museums and venues announced a series of free, fun and exciting events with a S.T.E.A.M. theme to engage DPSCD families in learning activities after school hours at the participating venues and at well-known family-friendly spots, including the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Detroit Institute of Arts, Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, Belle Isle Nature Center, Michigan Science Center, Detroit Public Library, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, Eastern Market and The Rink at Campus Martius Park. Other partnering organizations include Downtown Detroit Partnership, Detroit Public Television, detroitpbskids.org,


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 2005
|Filing date
|Nov 22, 2002
|Priority date
|Mar 13, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Howard Davidson
|Original Assignee
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (8), Classifications (27), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/524,215 filed Mar. 13, 2000, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to integrated circuits and more specifically to integrated circuits in which a diamond structure is bonded to the substrate of the integrated circuit.
2. Description of Related Art
Modern integrated circuits are becoming increasingly complex. Advances in lithography and other manufacturing technologies allow the size of transistors and other components to be reduced, which in turn allows more components to be placed on the chip. Typical integrated circuits may contain more than a million electronic components on a single chip.
As the complexity of integrated circuits grows, the power and cooling requirements of the integrated circuits also grow. Since there are a greater number of electrical components on the chips, each of which requires power to operate, the overall power required to drive the chips increases. Then, since the chips require more power, they dissipate more heat. This heat must be removed from the chips to prevent overheating which could damage the chips. Another problem which exists is the presence of temperature gradients in the chip. Depending upon the design and the execution of software in the chip, the power density may vary from point to point on the chip. These localized hot and cool spots and the resulting temperature gradients should be minimized to reduce the risk of damage to the chip.
Many integrated circuits use heat sinks or heat exchangers to efficiently remove excess heat. These heat exchangers typically consist of metal (e.g., aluminum) bodies which are connected to the package of the chip. It is important to ensure good thermal contact between the integrated circuit and the heat exchanger so that as much heat as possible is transferred from the integrated circuit to the heat exchanger. Heat exchangers may include fins or other structures which allow the energy absorbed by the heat exchanger to be transferred to the surrounding environment.
Metal heat exchangers are typically bonded to integrated circuit packages by soldering. The heat exchanger cannot simply be soldered directly to the package. The package must first be coated with a layer of a reactive metal (e.g., titanium) and then a layer of a solderable metal (e.g., copper.) The heat exchanger can then be soldered to the layer of solderable metal.
Not all heat exchangers are constructed of metal. Because diamond has very good thermal conductivity (better than metal, in fact,) it can also be used in a heat exchanger or heat spreader. Conventional methods of attaching diamond to integrated circuit packages are very similar to the methods used with metal heat exchangers. Referring to
Conventional methods of bonding diamond heat spreaders to integrated circuits present several problems. First, it is both expensive and time consuming to deposit the layers of metal on the substrate and heat spreader. Second, when the solderable layers are soldered together, there may be bubbles or voids 16 remaining in the solder layer. Since very little thermal energy is transmitted through these voids, the heat transfer path from the substrate to the heat spreader is restricted. This is illustrated by the arrows in FIG. 1. Further, the uneven distribution of thermal energy in the heat spreader cause temperature gradients which may damage the integrated circuit. Third, when the solder is applied, it and at least the surfaces of the solderable layers are at a temperature above the melting point of the solder. As the solder hardens and it and the other layers cool, they contract. Because they contract at different rates, stresses are built up between the layers, potentially causing delamination of the layers and damage to the integrated circuit and heat spreader.
One or more of the problems outlined above may be solved by one or more embodiments of the present invention which, broadly speaking, comprises a method for bonding diamond heat distribution structures to integrated circuit packages using optical contacting. In one embodiment, a diamond slab is bonded to the package of an integrated circuit chip to provide a means for spreading the heat produced by the chip. The diamond slab has a flat contact surface which is polished to a high degree of smoothness. The silicon package of the integrated circuit also has a flat contact surface which is polished to a high degree of smoothness. The contact surfaces of the diamond slab and the silicon package are thoroughly cleaned and are then placed in contact with each other. The polished contact surfaces are bonded together when they are placed in contact by their affinity for each other.
In one embodiment, the contact surfaces of the diamond and silicon which are to be bonded together are coated with a layer of an intermediate material. The intermediate material may comprise silicon carbide which is deposited on the polished surfaces. The diamond and silicon surfaces may be polished before the layer of silicon carbide is deposited. Diamond is more difficult to polish than silicon, however, so it may be preferable to simply polish the silicon carbide layer deposited on the diamond. The silicon carbide layers on the contact surfaces are cleaned and, if desired, activated with hydrogen fluoride. Then contact surfaces are then placed in contact with each other to establish the optical contact bond.
One embodiment comprises an integrated circuit having a diamond heat distributing structure bonded thereto. The diamond structure includes a diamond slab which is coupled to the silicon substrate of the integrated circuit by an optical contact bond. The diamond slab and silicon substrate each has a complementary contact surface which is polished to a high degree of smoothness. In one embodiment, the peak-to-peak smoothness of the contact surfaces is about 0.5 microns. The contact surfaces may be flat, or they may have other complementary shapes (e.g., they may be spherical.) The contact surface of the diamond slab is held in position against the contact surface of the silicon substrate by the affinity of the contact surfaces for each other. No adhesive material is required to bond the diamond to the silicon.
In one embodiment, the contact surfaces of the diamond slab and the silicon substrate are coated with an intermediate material such as silicon carbide. The intermediate material comprises a thin layer (on the order of several hundred Angstroms) over each of the contact surfaces. The intermediate silicon carbide layers are cleaned before placing them in contact with each other. The silicon carbide layers may also be activated by treating them with hydrogen fluoride, although this is not necessary. The diamond and silicon are bonded by contact between the surfaces.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawing and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail below. It should be noted that many embodiments are possible and that the following embodiment is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting.
Broadly speaking, the invention comprises a system and method for bonding a diamond structure to a substrate by optically contacting the two. In one embodiment, a diamond slab is bonded to the silicon substrate of an integrated circuit chip to provide a means for distributing the heat produced by the chip. (The term "slab" is used herein to refer to a piece of diamond which has a contact surface, regardless of the shape of the particular piece.) The diamond slab is bonded to the silicon substrate by polishing a contacting surface of each to a high degree of smoothness, thoroughly cleaning the polished surfaces and then placing the polished surfaces in contact with each other. The polished surfaces are bonded together by their affinity for each other. The diamond slab and silicon substrate may also be bonded together by placing a layer of an intermediate material on one or both of the polished surfaces and then placing the polished surfaces in contact with each other.
Referring to
In one embodiment, diamond is used as the material for at least a portion of heat exchanger 26. In this case, the base of the heat exchanger comprises a diamond slab. Because diamond is a very good conductor of heat, the diamond serves to spread the heat laterally across the base of the heat exchanger, thereby reducing temperature gradients across the surface of the integrated circuit package. The diamond slab may therefore be referred to as a heat spreader. The spreading of the heat also allows the heat exchanger itself to be designed for the average power dissipation of the integrated circuit rather than the peak dissipation which might be required to prevent localized hot spots from damaging the chip. Because the diamond spreads the heat laterally, an oversized diamond slab (i.e. one which is larger than the integrated circuit surface to which it is bonded) can be used to further spread out the heat and thereby reduce the heat dissipation requirements of the heat exchanger.
Although diamond structures are conventionally bonded to integrated circuit substrates by soldering as described above, the diamond is bonded to the substrate of the integrated circuit in the present method and apparatus by "optically contacting" the diamond to the substrate. Optical contacting is a process by which complementary surfaces of two pieces of material are polished to a very high degree of smoothness and are then placed in contact with each other. The attraction between the complementary surfaces bonds the two pieces of material together. This process is referred to as optical contacting because it is commonly used to bond optical components (e.g., lenses) together. Bonding the diamond to the silicon by optical contact bonding eliminates the problems described above in connection with soldered bonds.
There are various theories to explain the physical mechanism of optical contacting. One of the more widely accepted theories is that there is a weak attractive force between atoms which are in close contact. This attractive force has alternately been described as resulting from the sharing of electrons or electromagnetic fields, or from Van der Waals forces or London dispersive forces. (Although there are other theories as to the origin of the attractive force which is active in optical contacting, the specific origin of the force is not important to the invention, so those theories will not be described herein.) The effect of the attractive force is significant only when the atoms upon which it is acting are very close, typically on the order of microns. (It should be noted that, if Van der Waals forces are the source of the contact bonding force, there is actually a point at which the atoms of the contacting surfaces can become so close that they begin to repel each other.) Because the effect of the attractive force is small when it does come into play, it is only significant on a macroscopic scale when a large number of atoms are close enough to feel its effect.
Because, generally speaking, the attractive force drops off sharply with the distance between the contacting surfaces, it is important that the surfaces be as nearly complementary as possible. In other words, their respective shapes must be nearly exact complements in order to maintain the attractive force across the surfaces. In one embodiment, the surfaces should be smooth to within approximately a micron, although the required smoothness may vary (e.g., up to the order of ten microns, or possibly more) depending upon the materials involved. Although the surfaces may have any complementary shapes, in the simplest (and probably most common) case, both surfaces are flat. If the surfaces vary from the desired complementary shapes, the distance between different parts of the surfaces will increase. For example, if one surface is flat and the other is slightly spherical, there will be one point at which the surfaces may be in contact, and the remainder of the two surfaces will become increasingly distant from each other as they move away from the point of contact.
On a macroscopic level, it may be relatively easy to produce the complementary (e.g., flat) surfaces. While the surfaces may be flat to the naked eye, however, they may not be flat on a microscopic level. The surface may, on a microscopic level, have peaks and valleys and other imperfections which deviate from a perfectly planar surface. These imperfections may appear to the naked eye as roughness or as a dull finish, depending upon the magnitude of the imperfections. It is therefore important that the surfaces be polished to reduce the roughness (i.e., the surface imperfections.) This is illustrated in
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The strength of an optical contact bond depends upon a number of factors. The primary factors are the types of material being bonded, the area of the contact surfaces, and the smoothness of the contact surfaces. While dissimilar materials (e.g., silicon and diamond can be bonded through optical contacting, it is typically easier to bond similar materials. For example, two fused quartz optical flats can be easily bonded together using optical contacting. Similar materials generally form a stronger optical contact bond than dissimilar materials which have the same surface characteristics (i.e., shape and smoothness.) As explained above, the strength of the optical contact bond normally increases with the smoothness of the contact surfaces because this allows more of the surface to be in close enough proximity to feel a non-negligible attractive force. For a given contact surface area, a pair of smoother surfaces will experience a stronger attractive force. Finally, the strength of the bond increases with the area of the contact surfaces. If the bonding force per unit area is constant across the contact surface, the cumulative strength of the bond increases as the contact surface area increases (e.g., if the area doubles, the bond strength doubles.) While it is not believed that the strength of the bond is affected by moisture, some may find it desirable to seal the edges of the bonded surfaces with a sealant to prevent the introduction of moisture between the surfaces.
In one embodiment, a diamond slab is bonded by optical contact directly to the silicon substrate of an integrated circuit chip. Referring to
While the embodiment described above uses optical contacting to bond the diamond slab directly to the silicon substrate, it should be noted that it is typically easier to bond two pieces of the same material. That is, all else being equal, the bond between two pieces of the same material will generally be stronger than the bond between two different materials. For that reason, one alternate embodiment uses layers of an intermediate material to form the optical contact bond between the diamond slab and the silicon substrate.
Referring to
In one embodiment, a diamond heat exchanger structure can be bonded to the diamond heat spreader. This can be accomplished by placing the diamond heat exchanger structure on the diamond slab and depositing additional diamond on the combined structure by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The deposited diamond bonds itself to both the diamond slab and the heat exchanger structure, effectively forming a unitary heat exchanger. The contact surface of the diamond slab can then be polished, coated with silicon carbide if necessary, and optical contact bonded to the integrated circuit package as described above.
While the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood that the embodiments are illustrative and that the invention scope is not limited to these embodiments. Many variations, modifications, additions and improvements to the embodiments described are possible. These variations, modifications, additions and improvements may fall within the scope of the invention as detailed within the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 21, 1988
|Jan 24, 1989
|Drukker International B.V.
|Method of making a diamond heat sink
|Feb 22, 1990
|Feb 2, 1993
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Apparatus for packaging and cooling integrated circuit chips
|Aug 27, 1991
|Aug 31, 1993
|University Of Central Florida
|Method for growing a diamond thin film on a substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
|Jan 15, 1991
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|Norton Company
|Laminated diamond substrate
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|Norton Company
|Electronic circuit and method with thermal management
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|Silicon on diamond circuit structure
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|Thermally conductive adhesive interface
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|Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho
|Thin film layered member
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|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Diamond wafer and method of producing a diamond wafer
|Mar 17, 1997
|Aug 11, 1998
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Process for the production of a diamond heat sink
|Jul 30, 1997
|Aug 3, 1999
|International Business Machines Coporation
|Adhesion promoting layer for bonding polymeric adhesive to metal and a heat sink assembly using same
|Jun 26, 1995
|Oct 12, 1999
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Wafer and method of producing same
|Jun 16, 1997
|Aug 15, 2000
|Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
|Window for an optical use and a process for the production of the same
|Dec 22, 1997
|Mar 27, 2001
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Substrate surface treatment method
|Oct 4, 2000
|May 21, 2002
|David R. Hall
|Densely finned tungsten carbide and polycrystalline diamond cooling module
|Dec 21, 2001
|Mar 16, 2004
|Intel Corporation
|Electronic assembly with high capacity thermal spreader and methods of manufacture
|Jul 11, 2002
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|Three dimensional device integration method and integrated device
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|Method for making a substrate structure with improved heat dissipation
|Title not available
|Title not available
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|May 2, 1996
|Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for directly connecting flat bodies and articles produced according to said method from said flat bodies
|Haisma et al., "Diversity and feasibility of direct bonding: a survey of a dedicated optical technology," Applie Optics, vol. 33, No. 7, Mar. 1994, pp. 1154-1169.
|Haisma et al., "Diversity and feasibility of direct bonding: a survey of a dedicated optical technology," Applied Optics, vol. 33, No. 7, Mar. 1994, pp. 1154-1169.
|Haisma et al., "Frameworks for Direct Bonding," Philips Journal of Research, vol. 49, pp. 11-21.
|Haisma et al., "Silicon-Wafer Fabrication and (Potential) Applications of Direct-Bonded Silicon," Philips Journal of Research, vol. 49, 1995, pp. 65-89.
|Haisma et al., "Surface Preparation and Phenomenological Aspects of Direct Bonding," Philips Journal of Research, vol. 49, 1995, pp. 23-46.
|International Search Report, application No. PCT/US 01-07874, mailed Nov. 22, 2001.
|Citing Patent
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|Cooling system for computer systems
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|Raytheon Company
|Semiconductor structures having directly bonded diamond heat sinks and methods for making such structures
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 18, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 20, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Articles tagged mark strickson
1 Dec 2008 // 7:58 PM
This stands more as a giddy popcorn thriller than an entertaining philosophical meditation on existence -- which, as it turns out, proves to be rather fitting.READ more
//Mixed media
Animal Collective "Kinda Bonkers" (Singles Going Steady) // Music
Hayley Kiyoko "Palace" (Justin Caruso Remix) (premiere) // Music
Marty Stuart "Way Out West" (Singles Going Steady) // Music
Katie Herzig "I Want to Make You Proud" (video) (premiere) // Music
//Pm Picks
'Who' Will Be the Next Doctor?
// Channel Surfing
"What shall it be? A Doctor with whip-smart delivery of his lines? A woman who will bewitch before she kicks a Dalek's ass? Oh, the possibilities...READ the article


text:
- Work for a global chemical manufacturing company
- Strengthen key account relationships
- Developing new leads and markets
Salary negotiable
- Make the relationship with Japan customer.
- Sales for the new customer
- Sales for Middle or West, East of Thailand.
Salary negotiable
Get new jobs like these directly to your inbox.


text:
Finance for Business
This powerpoint presentation covers:
- Why is Finance needed?
- The Main Sources of Finance (Internal, External etc.)
- Shares and Debentures
- Choosing the Finance
I hope this helps. Add me if you need any more help :) Jess x
Teacher recommended
- Created by: Jess
- Created on: 29-12-09 14:26
Other slides in this set
Slide 2
Here's a taster:
Why is Finance Needed?
All organisations need finance:
To start in business to do this, they need assets
which they must buy
To survive the cash inflows must balance their cash
outflows. If this doesn't happen over a period of time
the business will not be able to pay its way
To grow a business needs to grow extra finance to
buy more assets and to meet expenses so that it can
expand…read more
Slide 3
Here's a taster:
The Main Sources of Finance
The sources of finance vary according to whether
the business is in the private or the public
sector. Private sector businesses have a
range of sources which they can use.
Internal Sources
External Sources…read more
Slide 4
Here's a taster:
Internal Sources
The main source of day-to-day cash comes from the business'
Sole traders, partners and directors of Ltds. may decide to keep
proficts in the business, using the cash from these profits to invest
in business development
The owners can use trade credit, delaying paying their bills to
save cash
The can reduce stock levels to free the cash `tied up' in these
Businesses can sell any surplus assets they no longer need…read more
Slide 5
Here's a taster:
External Sources
The savings of the owner, and/or borrowing from family and
friends are possible sources for sole traders and partners
Ltds. can issue shares
Banks arrange short-term borrowing such as overdrafts
Loans are also available from banks and often have fixed
repayment amounts
The business can sell its debts by `factoring' them to a specialist
Government grants may be available e.g. when setting up a
business in certain regions
Hire purchase and leasing are possible sources of extra finance…read more
Slide 6
Here's a taster:
Public Sector Sources
Public sector businesses obtain their finance either
directly or indirectly from the public
Public corporations get their finance through the
government grants from tax collected, and by
borrowing from the Treasury
Local authority undertakings are also funded through
government grants, through collecting taxes and rates
from local people and businesses, and by running
revenue-making businesses such as local leisure
centres…read more


text:
Artichoke Complex combines artichoke with turmeric, dandelion and black radish. These potent plant extracts work synergistically to help support normal function of the liver and gallbladder.
Product Information per Daily Intake:
Artichoke Powder (Cynara scolymus Leaf), Turmeric Powder (Curcuma longa Root), Capsule Shell, (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose), Bulking Agent (Cellulose), Dandelion (Taraxacum ofifcinalis Root),, Black Radish Powder (Raphanus sativus var nigra Herb), Anti-Caking Agents (Magnesium Stearate &, Silicon Dioxide).
Recommended Intake:
Important - Please read before purchase
While we try to ensure that product information is correct, on occasion manufacturers may alter their ingredient lists. For additional information about a product, please Contact Us on 0800 252 875.
Content on this site is for reference purposes and is not intended to substitute for advice given by a medical practitioner, pharmacist, or other licensed health-care professional. Discontinue use and consult a doctor if adverse reactions occur.
Information stated regarding dietary supplements is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition.
Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place. Do not use if seal under cap is broken or missing.
UK delivery
Standard delivery (Orders under £20): £3 · Delivery time: 2-4 working days
FREE delivery (Orders over £20): FREE · 2-3 working days
International delivery
We ship worldwide! Delivery times vary from 4-8 working days for Europe and 5-14 working days for the rest of the world. Flat rate delivery charges can be found here.


text: After reading through the divorce and remarriage threads I noticed that there seems to be a misunderstanding of what a marriage covenant is? What is a marriage covenant? Is it something that is recognized by the state, by God or by both? Does God recognize marriage covenants of the unsaved?


text:
What do three established businessmen do when their kids are finally off to college and they're careening toward a mid-life crisis?
Dust off their inner fanboys and write a graphic novel.
"You're at that point of time in your life when you think, 'What do I need to be doing now?" says co-author Jack Lowe, culture project manager at Chick-fil-A in Atlanta. "Things that were hobbies could come back to the fore again. Instead of focusing on individual interests, we thought, 'What can we do creatively together? Let's do something we don't know how to do. I always wanted to write a great story."
The "we" includes two old friends—Georgia Motor Trucking Association CEO Ed Crowell and Chick-fil-A innovation coach Steve Nedvidek. Their collective middle-aged accounting and a three-year creative gestation produced (Top Shelf/IDW), which re-imagines history as superheroes really existing after World War I and fighting the forces of anarchy?
The first of the planned six-book series came out last spring, and marketed with signings and cosplayers at San Diego Comic-Con, with the second already in production. The authors will be signing at New York Comic-Con this week.
Their journey exemplifies how they leveraged their business skills, not only in finding the right expertise and moving the project forward, but in creative collaboration.
Lowe, who'd previously worked in editorial cartooning and in film production before moving to Chick-fil-A, presented the kernel of the idea to his friends. In their first meeting, Crowell brought up Jekyll Island—a small island off the coast Georgia where the world's wealthiest capitalists had summer homes, and drafted plans for the Federal Reserve Bank.
"So at anytime during the summer, a sixth of the world's wealth was on Georgia," says Lowe. "The three of us started throwing things against the wall, putting pieces of alternate history, fantasy and sci-fi stuff around the facts, stretching and shifted them into an alternate history, and crafted this story." What if the gentlemen vacationing on Jekyll Island used their wealth to create superheroes to try to help the country overcome anarchy?
"Like Downton Abbey meets The Avengers," says Nedvidek.
Then their business side kicked in.
Nedvidek, who had a relationship with the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) through his work, suggested a novel class where sequential arts graduate students could earn credit creating a pitch packet for their story they could shop to publishers. Crowell, Nedvidek and Lowe would write the concept, story, and script, and own the intellectual property rights; students would engage work-for-hire, non-disclosure agreements to visually realize characters, and some locations and pages, but be able to use the work in their portfolios.
"It wasn't unheard of for corporations to collaborate with students, but it had never been done by a private individual on a graphic novel," says Lowe.
It was a learning curve for both sides.
"It added to our accountability and created a timeline for us," says Crowell. "There was more they needed. We had to create backstories for the characters in order to tell these students the stories of individual individual characters. It helped them figure out how to draw them, what they needed to look like, how they were going to act. We had to talk about the kind of technology that was going to be in it. So having the class helped us hit deadlines and through production.
"We actually taught the kids a lot about that too," he adds. "Some of those students were used to drawing their own pictures for their own purposes. The idea of delivering ordered work to someone and meeting deadlines were things that would be useful to them in their future, and that they were learning for the first time. So it worked well for both of us."
SCAD lead them to the nearby Top Shelf Productions and CEO Chris Staros—best known for publishing Congressman John Lewis' bestselling March trilogy—who took an immediate interest, but, given their newbie status, wouldn't commit to a printing until after the book was completed.
"Chris was willing to work with us and have us bounce ideas off him," says Lowe. "He said, 'I'll help you whether Top Shelf ends up being the publisher of not.' But in the end, the product we delivered, he wanted to publish.
"In lots of ways, we were starting a small business and producing a product," he adds. "We parlayed our business knowledge into at least getting it done. We did the initial investment ourselves—hiring an artist and colorist—then went out and got other investors through Kickstarter to get the tools needed to bring it to market, create a logo, business cards, and website."
They named their collective the Lost Mountain Mechanicals, which referenced nearby Lost Mountain, Georgia and the dysfunctional theater troupe in Midsummer Night's Dream.
"The Mechanicals were working stiffs who wanted to do a play," says Lowe. "We're kind of the same."
Draft 1 took two and a half years to finish. For draft 2, they enlisted a Kickstarter campaign to raise $34,000—$9000 more than their goal—to hire two SCAD graduates from their old class.
"There's an upside to being guys with business experience," says Crowell. "We tackled this like any other business project—looked where the best opportunities for success were going to be. Kickstarter is more well-known and project-oriented, but more nerve-wracking because if you don't make your goal, you lose it all. We created a video, and wrote a script that told people what we were going to do."
The graphic novel published in May, selling More than half the first run sold at the June launch party. From there, they were able to parlay past marketing experience to Comic-Con's unique opportunities.
Like having Iron Man special effects artist Alan Scott design a steampunk-esque leg contraption from the book for a cosplayer to wear at the convention. "He's a friend I made years ago when he worked on an animatronic cow costume for Chick-fil-A," says Nedvidek. "When I told him we were going to do this, he said, 'Man, I'm building your legs.' Now my son is eight feet up in the air on these legs walking around Comic-Con drawing a huge crowd."
All in all, a pretty successful mid-life crisis, though the trio still haven't ruled out more traditional salves.
"This is not necessarily instead of a Porsche," jokes Nedvidek.
"For the record," adds Lowe. " I do not have a Porsche."
Nedvidek counters: "I don't have one—yet."
Jack Lowe, Steve Nedvidek, and Ed Crowell will be at NYCC in the IDW booth #1844, signing on Friday 10–11am, Saturday 10-11am, and Sunday 12–1pm.


text:
Display Ads
Dir. of Advertisers
Mail: Boy Scout Week
Groene at the Legislature: Discipline in the classroom
More opinion
Registrations due for prescribed fire training
Volesky honored for range management work
More Ag News
Rain turned to snow Tuesday in Lincoln County with up to five inches possible, the National Weather Service in North Platte said.
East winds turned northerly around noon Tuesday and are forecast to blow at 5-15 miles an hour, with gusts as high as 20 mph, the weather service said.
Widespread accumulation of 3-5 inches of snow is forecast, with a narrow band of heavier snow possible.
The thermometer hovered around freezing Tuesday, so the snow melted on warmer surfaces, but the temperature will dip to the upper teens during the night, forecasters said.
If driving, be cautious. Bridges, overpasses and minimally maintained roads will be icy and dangerous, especially during the night.
This forecast was updated Tuesday afternoon. -Editor
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
1300 E 4th St., Suite F
North Platte, NE 69101


text:
Metroid Prime: Battlefield
this wiki
|Metroid Prime: Battlefield
|Retro Studios, Platinum Games
|Nintendo eXtreme
|FPS, Adventure
|Release Date(s)
|April, 7 2020
|Story Mode, Alien Swarm Mode, Local Battle Mode, Online Battle Mode
|Age Rating(s)
|Media Included
|Nintendo Optical Disc
Metroid Prime: Battlefield is an online-based FPS that takes place in the Metroid Prime universe developed by Retro Studios and Platinum Games, and is the 7th installment in the series. Metroid: Prime: Battlefield is not canon to the official Metroid timeline. The game features characters such as Samus Aran, Sylux, Rundas, and many more. With the use of the NX's powerful hardware, battles can have up to 128 players a server. The game's development for NX was revealed in E3 2017 and later released on April 7th, 2020.
Metroid Prime: Battlefield features characters from various Metroid games, mainly Metroid Prime. The list of characters includes:
|Samus Aran
|Human (With the DNA of Chozo and Metroid)
|Samus Aran is an intergalactic bounty hunter who lost her family to Space Pirates. She was taken to Zebes, adopted by the Chozo where she was infused with their DNA and was raised to become a warrior. She later joined the Federation Police under the command of Adam Malkovich but left to become a Bounty Hunter.
|Dark Samus
|Pure Phazon
|Dark Samus is a a being of Phazon that took on the resemblance of Samus Aran.
|Sylux is a powerful bounty hunter that has a strong hatred for the Galactic Federation and Samus Aran.
|Spire is a rock-cored Bounty Hunter who is the last of his species. He seeks to see the true fate of the Diamont race.
|Trace is a cold, swift Bounty Hunter of the Kriken Empire. Like most Kriken, at a certain age, he was exiled by his clan and sent to a distant planet as a rite of passage to find new planets to invade for the Kriken Empire.
|Genetically-engineered Enoema Supersoldier.
|Kanden, part of the Enoema species, was the brainchild of the Enoema Living Weapons Project, an experiment to create an invincible "supersoldier", however, Kanden's mind could not withstand the complicated neural combat encoding sequences. This completely transformed his mind, leaving him as a ferocious, unbelievably powerful and dangerously unpredictable monster.
|Noxus is a powerful Vhozon hunter that wanted to protect the Ultimate Power from those who have evil intentions.
|Cybernetic Space Pirate
|Weavel is a Space Pirate special-forces warrior who was converted into a cyborg after his entire body was irreparably damaged in a past battle with Samus Aran.
|Rundas is an ice-wielding Bounty Hunter who was one of the very few Phrygisians able to use it's ability as a Hunter.
|Ghor is a cybernetic Bounty Hunter, capable of merging his body with a large armor suit. He is the veteran of the liberation war of Wotan VII. Ghor was heavily injured as a result of the war and was forced to modify much of his body with state-of-the-art cyberntic replacements. Only a mere 6% of his original body remained.
|Gandrayda posses metamorphic abilities similar to Jovia XII's inhabitants. She could assume the form and abilities of most living things, including creatures and even machines differing significantly in size.
|Normal Trooper
|Normal Troopers are stand troopers part of the Federation Marine.
|Missile Trooper
|Missile Troopers is taller than any standard trooper encountered in the Prime series, and fires powerful missiles.
|Demolition Trooper
|Demolition Troopers are members of the Galactic Federation who are outfitted with explosive weaponry for special missions. While capable of destroying the strongest of barriers, they are not very effective in combat, due to lighter armor, and often rely on others to cover them while in battle.
|PED Trooper
|PED Troopers are part of the PED Marine which are Federation Marines in the Galactic Federation. They have a Phazon Enhancement Device attatched to their suit, giving them the ability to utilize Phazon to increase the power of their suits.
|Cybernetic Human
|Zenith is an original, new character added to Metroid Prime: Battlefield. He is a former member of the Galactic Federation and temporarily helped out with the Space Pirates. After his betrayal to the Space Pirates, he was attacked and lost most of his body. When he woke up one day, he had his body fully repaired but still to this day does not know who repaired him. He is equipped with a Minigun on his arm, an enormous Gatling-style machine gun with a large rotating barrel, complete with a large white underslung ammunition case and two handles. He's able to fire four bullets at a time at the rate of ten times a second.
|Cryixis is an original, new character added to Metroid Prime: Battlefield. Not very much is known about Cryixis. He is much more mysterious than Cryixis. All known about him is he has a rapid-fire arm canon shooting beams at the rate of five times a second.
The game plays just like previous installments in the Metroid Prime series. (Not including Pinball, Federation Force, and Blast Ball.) You shoot with A, charge by holding A, shoot missiles with Y, morph ball/roll around with X, target with L, aim with R, and jump with B.
|Combat Hall
|Combat Hall is one of the default multiplayer arenas from Metroid Prime: Hunters, and makes a return here in Metroid Prime: Battlefield.
|Data Shrine
|Data Shrine is another arena from Metroid Prime: Hunters that makes a return to this game.
|Processor Core
|This is one of the last rooms Samus enters on Alinos. It has two lava processors located at opposite ends of the room.
|ubterranean gets its name from its traits: it is the farthest room away from the general area of Arcterra, and it has a bottom floor.
|Arcterra Gateway
|Arcterra Gateway is the landing area for the Alimbic planet Arcterra. It is a naturally large and open space, making it an ideal landing place. It is not shielded from the elements, and because of Arcterra's extremely cold weather, the Arcterra Gateway is completely covered in ice and snow.
|Celestial Gateway
|Celestial Gateway is a room in Metroid Prime Hunters on the Celestial Archives.
|Crossfire Chaos
|Crossfire Chaos is one of the default multiplayer arenas from Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, and makes a return here in Metroid Prime: Battlefield.
|Sidehopper Station
|Sidehopper Station is a Space Pirate station in orbit around Tallon IV. It is shaped very similarly to a large Sidehopper, as seen in the selection menu.
|Shooting Gallery
|The Shooting Gallery is a multiplayer stage in Metroid Prime 2: Echoes and is composed of four main areas. It has Chozo architecture, but contains Dark Aether water.
|Spider Complex
|The stage scenery is based on the Phazon Mines from Metroid Prime. The stage is composed of a main room with two levels connected through two spiderball tracks, the upper level being only a small circular walkway that contains a randomizer behind the wall, and a ring shaped passageway that goes all arround the main room that serves as a way to travel to the upper level without using the magnetic tracks and to access more safelly other areas of the level.
|Frigate Orpheon (DLC Stage)
|Frigate Orpheon is a DLC stage which is based off the Firgate Orpheon from Metroid Prime.
|Planet Mira (DLC Stage)
|Planet Mira is a DLC stage which comes from Xenoblade Chronicles X. It is the first, last, and only stage to come from another game. Due to the size of the stage, Planet Mira can only be played with 128 players.
Expand Mode
Most of the maps have Expand Modes, which are larger versions of the stages so larger servers don't make stages feel crowded. However, there are some maps that are meant for larger servers and do not need an Expand Mode.
Gameplay Modes
Alien Swarm Mode
Alien Swarm mode is a mode for both a single and multi player mode. The objective is to survive in the selected map for 10 minutes while all sorts of aliens from every Metroid game come to attack you. All your upgrades such as missiles, morph ball, and bombs are all scattered around the map to make the mode more difficult.
Local multiplayer in Metroid Prime: Battlefield works just like it did in Metroid Prime 2: Echoes. Up to four players can battle in an arena. You can also play Alien Swarm Mode locally.
Online multiplayer is the main function of Metroid Prime: Battlefield. Servers have a minimum of 8 players and a maximum of 128. Players can choose the size of the server they want to play with to avoid any sort of lag. Players also have an option to set voice chat on or off. If the player is under the age of 13, voice chat is restricted until they are of 13 years old.
Battle Modes
Most of the battle modes featured in Metroid Prime: Battlefield return from Metroid Prime: Hunters. These modes include:
- Battle
- Survival
- Prime Hunter
- Nodes
- Defender
- Capture
- Bounty
Server Sizes
- 8-Player Server
- 16-Player Server
- 32-Player Server
- 64-Player Server
- 128-Player Server
|Track Number
|Plays In
|"Prime Battlefield"
|Title Screen/Menu Screen
|"Online Menu"
|Online Mode Menu Screen
|"The Lobby"
|Online Mode Battle Lobby/Hunter Select Screen
|"Theme of the Battlefield"
|Combat Hall, Crossfire Chaos, Shooting Gallery, Sidehopper Station, and Spider Complex
|"Celestial Gateway"
|Data Shrine, Celestial Gateway
|"Processor Core"
|Processor Core
|Subterranean, Arcterra Gateway
|"Multiplayer Echoes"
|Crossfire Chaos, Sidehopper Station, Spider Complex, Shooting Gallery
|Frigate Orpheon Main Theme
|Frigate Orpheon
|Mira (Part 1)
|Planet Mira
|"The Swarm"
|Alien Swarm Mode
|"Samus Intro Fanfare"
|Battle Intro
|Settings Configuration
|Zenith's Theme
|Alien Swarm Mode (When Playing as Zenith)
|Cryixis' Theme/Credits
|Light Suit Samus DLC
|The Light Suit Samus DLC adds a new costume to Samus allowing her to use her light suit.
It is sold for $2.99.
|Dark Suit Samus DLC
|The Dark Suit Samus DLC adds a new costume to Samus allowing her to use her light suit.
It is sold for $2.99.
|Fusion Suit Samus DLC
|The Fusion Suit Samus DLC adds a new costume to Samus allowing her to use her light suit.
It is sold for $2.99.
|Fedoration Force Trooper DLC
|The Fedoration Force Trooper DLC is a 'new character' based off the chibi Galactic Fedoration troopers
in Metroid Prime: Fedoration Force. It is sold for $3.99
|Frigate Orpheon DLC
|The Frigate Orpheon DLC is a new map based off the beginning stage in Metroid Prime. It is sold for $1.99.
|Planet Mira DLC
|The Plate Mira DLC is the first and only map from a game outside of Metroid. It is Planet Mira from Xenoblade Chronicles X. The DLC is sold for $2.99


text:
Garat A.,Equipe dAccueil 4483 |
Lino Cardenas C.L.,Equipe dAccueil 4483 |
Lionet A.,Service de Nephrologie |
Devos A.,Equipe dAccueil 4483 |
And 7 more authors.
Molecular Biology Reports | Year: 2011
Human type II inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH2) is a key enzyme in the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway and constitutes a pivotal biological target for immunosuppressant and antiviral drugs. Several Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) affecting the IMPDH2 gene sequence have been reported with potential functional relevance and could impact drugs response. We aimed to determine the frequency of three of these polymorphisms, namely g.3375C>T (Leu 263Phe), c.-95T>G and IVS7+10T>C, in Caucasians, Tunisians, Peruvians and Black Africans (Gabonese and Senegalese). The g.3375C>T and c.-95T>G polymorphisms are rare with a Minor Allele Frequency ≤1.0% in our populations, whereas the third variant, IVS7+10T>C, is more frequent and displays large interethnic variations, with an allelic frequency ranging from 14.6% in the French Caucasian population studied to less than 2% in Black African and Peruvian populations. This ethnic-related data might contribute to a better understanding of the variability in clinical outcome and/or dose adjustments of drugs that are IMPDH inhibitors such as mycophenolic acid. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Source
Arachidonic acid ω-hydroxylase CYP4A11: Inter-ethnic variations in the 8590T>C loss-of-function variant
Lino Cardenas C.L.,Equipe dAccueil 4483 |
Devos A.,Equipe dAccueil 4483 |
Toure A.,Center Antipoison Of Dakar Senegal |
Garcia J.C.,Santa Maria Catholic University |
And 6 more authors.
Molecular Biology Reports | Year: 2012
The human Cytochrome P450 4A11 (CYP4A11) is a major x-hydroxylase involved in the regulation of blood pressure in the kidney through the conversion of arachidonic acid into 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Previous studies have reported a significant association between the 8590T>C genetic variant of CYP4A11 and hypertension. Interestingly, several population-based studies have reported ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension, with the highest prevalence in African populations. The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and inter-ethnic comparison of the CYP4A11 (8590T>C) functional polymorphism, in five new ethnic groups: European (99 French Caucasians), African (36 Gabonese and 50 Senegalese), South American (60 Peruvians) and North African (53 Tunisians) populations, using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing strategies. We confirmed that the CYP4A11 (8590T>C) functional polymorphism exhibits inter-ethnic frequency differences. Noteworthy, the highest 8590C allele frequency was observed in the Tunisian (30.2%), followed by Senegalese (20%) populations. In addition, the CC genotype was only found in the Gabonese and Tunisian populations (5.6% and 8.4%, respectively). These populations may be of major interest to help to clarify the linkage between hypertension and CYP4A11 (8590T>C) genotype in African populations. These findings provide data for further studies that investigate the potential association of CYP4A11 (8590T>C) variant with an incidence of hypertension genesis in respect of ethnicity. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Source


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Self-Exciting Jumps, Learning, and Asset Pricing Implications
Andras Fulop
ESSEC Business School
Junye Li
ESSEC Business School
Jun Yu
Singapore Management University; Singapore Management University - Lee Kong Chian School of Business
June 18, 2014
The paper proposes a self-exciting asset pricing model that takes into account co-jumps between prices and volatility and self-exciting jump clustering. We employ a Bayesian learning approach to implement real time sequential analysis. We find evidence of self-exciting jump clustering since the 1987 market crash, and its importance becomes more obvious at the onset of the 2008 global financial crisis. It is found that learning affects the tail behaviors of the return distributions and has important implications for risk management, volatility forecasting and option pricing.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 52
Keywords: Self-Excitation, Jump Clustering, Tail Behaviors, Parameter Learning, Sequential Bayes Factor, Excess Volatility, Volatility Forecasting, Option Pricing
JEL Classification: C11, C13, C32, G12
Date posted: January 7, 2012 ; Last revised: June 18, 2014
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Vanessa Mojica
Vanessa Mojica is a professional in the game industry.
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DescriptionAndy Rooney is a classic chronicler of America and her foibles. Over more than six decades of intrepid reporting and elegant essays, Rooney has told it to us straight and without a hint of sugar coating, but with more than a grain of truth and humor. Andy Rooney: 60 Years of Wisdom and Wit brings together the best of more than a half-century of work (including long-out-of-print pieces from Rooney's early years) in an unforgettable celebration of one of America's funniest men. With selections from his beginnings as a correspondent for The Stars and Stripes during WWII to his arrival at CBS to his more than thirty-year stint on 60 Minutes, this book is a must-have for any Rooney fan.
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About AuthorKnown to millions for his regular commentary on the television news magazine 60 Minutes, Andy Rooney is also the author of numerous best-selling books. His column appears in newspapers around the country. He lives in New York.
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Discussion in 'Archive' started by turnON, Jul 14, 2014.
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The ultimate vinaigrette
Get your dressing right and any dish can be brought instantly to life. Laura Goodman shows you how
In Paris, you can eat the best of the most buttery things in the world, but it's the side salads that get you. At a standard pavement cafe, these salads are simply a few frilly leaves, dutifully dressed with zingy, mustardy vinaigrette. It's exactly what you need to cut through that cheesy croque monsieur, or those generously topped oeufs mayonnaise, or that salty slice of quiche lorraine. The side salad brings lunch to life.
Without the vinaigrette, they're just frilly leaves — mostly there for colour and easily overlooked. Good vinaigrette turns things around: lunches, barbecues, entire summers. In Nora Ephron's semi-autobiographical Heartburn, the main character has mastered her vinaigrette, so she can't understand why her marriage should be falling apart. She says: "Even now, I…


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GP Week : Issue 97
Edwards makes u-turn as Ducati option folds COLIN Edwards was left high and dry after the shock announcement that Ducati is to pull out of the World Superbike series, and was forced into a sudden U-turn to try to retain his MotoGP ride with Yamaha. With his hopes of retaining his MotoGP slot dwindling, the GP veteran and former double SBK champion had been expecting to return to production-based series next year as a factory Ducati rider. With that option abruptly terminated, a Plan B had to be hastily reinforced. GP insiders noted a radical change of mood at the Indy weekend in public: behind closed doors Edwards was locked in discussions with his current Yamaha satellite team. They may have entailed some back- tracking. Over recent races the Texan has been increasingly critical of Yamaha, and a lack of development to the B-team bikes. Comments included: "It's last year's bike, just with a slower engine. I'm riding better than ever, and I look like a **** moron;" adding: "If Ben's bike was any good, he'd be on the rostrum every weekend." Happily, it is likely to suit the team to keep the highly experienced rider on. Monster Tech 3 chief Hervé Poncharal will lose Ben Spies, and hopes to replace him with Superbike star Cal Crutchlow. With no other suitable second rider on the horizon, Edwards's breadth of knowledge could be highly beneficial to the British rookie. The deal is sweetened by backing from Yamaha USA, anxious to retain Edwards as a long-term Yamaha man. Team chief Hervé Poncharal told MotoGP come that he hoped to make an announcement about Crutchlow next week, and said: "Colin has always told me he would like to do one more year before retiring. This year he has been proving that he still has the speed. Yamaha and Tech 3 have an interest in seeing him stay, so we are working on something." Edwards came to GP racing in 2003 with Aprilia, and since then has raced a Gresini Honda and a factory Yamaha before moving down to the satellite team. Indianapolis was his 130th GP start, all in the premier class. He has scored three pole positions and 11 rostrum finishes, but a GP win has proved elusive: he lost his best chance at Assen in 2006 when he crashed on the very last corner. Crutchlow combo may save his ride 17 Moto GP news >>
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The Economics of Post-communist Transition
By (author) Olivier Blanchard
Format: Paperback
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Economics of Post-communist Transition by Olivier Blanchard
Book DescriptionTransition in Central and Eastern Europe has led to a U-shaped response of output: a sharp decline in output followed by recovery. Most of the countries of Central Europe seem now firmly on the upside; most of the countries of Eastern Europe are still close to the bottom of the U: an optimistic view is that they are now negotiating the turn. Olivier Blanchard, a distinguished economist who has worked on transition since its beginning, is one of the first to present a unified analysis of the process of transition. The U-shaped response of output, its causes and its implications, are the subject of this book. The text is split into four chapters. The first reviews the facts; the second focuses on the two basic mechanisms underlying transition: reallocation and restructuring; the third looks more closely at a number of issues, from the interactions between restructuring and privatization to the nature of the labour market in transition; the fourth chapter pulls the material together in an analytical model of transition. This model is then used to discuss policy issues, from the design of privatization to the role of fiscal policy in transition.
Buy Economics of Post-communist Transition book by Olivier Blanchard from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780198293996
(216mm x 137mm x 11mm)
Pages: 164
Imprint: Oxford University Press
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Publish Date: 30-Jul-1998
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
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Author Biography - Olivier Blanchard
Olivier Blanchard is Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His other works include Transition in Eastern Europe (editor, 1994), and Lectures on Macroeconomics (co-author, 1989).
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A drug which could implant the entire vocabulary of a language into the taker's body is being trialled in the UK. If successful, it's predicted that mankind's centuries-long struggles with foreign language learning could be over in a gulp.
James Hardbluster
In the past, people who have used too many complicated words to get their messages across have been accused of swallowing the dictionary.
Now, thanks to the pioneering works of scientists at the Linguistic Institute of Artificial Replication, it's become possible to eat -and then regurgitate- the whole of the English language.
The drug, called Verbumisol, triggers a chemical reaction in the brain which creates a stockpile of words. Electrical impulses are then fired directly at the larynx.
The mucous membranes stretch causing the air modulation to realign according to the patterns of English pronunciation. Within an hour, a person with no knowledge of English, can produce the vocabulary of a native speaker.
Professor Leugenaar, who is in charge of the trial, demonstrates with a volunteer from Indonesia:
"Stephani here took this pill just 59 minutes ago, so she should be able to simply think in her own language yet produce perfect English when the clock hits 60 minutes. Please start Stephani."
L. I. A. R. claim this invention has the potential to change human history, end all wars, and put a stop to boring grammar lessons. However, critics of the drug say that it has some serious side effects, such as verbal diarrhoea, a tendency to talk endlessly about the weather and a habit of apologising for no reason.
swallowing: menelan
pioneering: kemajuan baru
regurgitate: muntah/dikeluarkan
triggers: memicu
a stockpile: kumpulan
modulation: intonasi, suara
native speaker: seseorang yang berbicara dengan bahasa ibu
a volunteer: sukarelawan
verbal diarrhoeaan: aliran kata-kata
apologising: meminta maaf


text: Mine was 'Jake' My Platoon Sergeant, Jimmy Rankin (RIP) used to have black labrador called 'Jake' and he would have him in one hand, via the lead, and me in the other, via the Clansman Handset. Hence the nickname. What was your service nickname, and more importantly, what was the reason for it?