text:
Polygamy, Monogamy and Monotheism: The One and the Many
Several weeks ago on April 25, the LDS Church joined other religious bodies and leaders in signing the letter "to protect and preserve the institution of marriage between a man and a woman.†You may read the Church's full statement on their website.
Follows is the third in a series of open letters by:
Edwin Brown Firmage (website, bio)
Samuel D. Thurman Professor of Law, Emeritus
University of Utah College of Law Salt Lake City, Utah
The legal, ethical, spiritual, and practical problems created by the Mormon practice of polygamy, in the nineteenth century and thereafter, have occupied a significant portion of my scholarly and political life.[1] Once again into the fray: I am not now and never have been a polygamist. But my people started the Mormon version of polygamy, i.e., Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, Zina Diantha Huntington Smith Young, et al. I feel the Mormons, as good citizens, can't at this point simply throw up their corporate hands, shriek, and try so very hard to separate themselves from what they (we) started. Citizenship just doesn't work that way, at least, not in my book. My so very tentative thoughts:
First, the law, especially the criminal law, has severe limitations. Law itself, and the criminal law particularly, is not a scalpel. It is a big brutal meat cleaver. Anyone who has gone through a divorce knows this, let alone someone who's done time in the slammer. For the law, with the least degree of effectiveness, somehow to go against an entire people, in a huge horizontal swath, would presume a degree of totalitarian viciousness never really seen in this country, including the shameful treatment of the Mormons in the nineteenth century.[2] That is, to go after all polygamists for the simple practice of polygamy would be intolerably vicious and, in the end, it still wouldn't work. See, for example, the number of practicing polygamists of Mormon heritage still practicing "the Principle,†within 50 miles in any direction from where I live. This, after one hundred and fifty years in the attempt to eradicate polygamy through the criminal law.[3]
Second, we have a Due Process of Law provision within our Constitution, thank God. And an Equal Protection of the Laws provision along with a Privileges and Immunities provision within the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. We also have a First Amendment, whose jurisprudence has been directly linked to the areas of sexuality, liberty, definition of "family,†questions of procreation, of the right to life, and the right to die.
Beginning with Meyer v. Nebraska,[4] a very conservative court, with Justice McReynolds writing for the Court, began to define "liberty†of due process. That is, non-economic substantive rights, not procedural rights as such, came to be defined; linked in this Court's mind, and surely in mine, within those liberties of which the Framers of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence considered to be among the inalienable rights of humankind. In 1923, directly after the deadliest war in history, against Germany and other Central powers, the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of a teacher who taught the German language in the face of a state statute which forbad the teaching of a language then hated by many millions of people. Sounds familiar now, with English Only bills before state houses, and Congress.
Again from the pen of perhaps the most conservative jurist ever to serve on the Court, Justice McReynolds gave us Pierce v. Society of Sisters,[5] holding, in effect, that the unpopularity of Roman Catholicism at the time did not provide sufficient reason to demand that all children attend public schools, thus killing parochial and other private schools. Again, the critical word, fused with such grand luminosity, was "liberty.†Next, in Skinner v Oklahoma,[6] Justice Douglas, from the leftward side of the Court, and during World War !!, linked "liberty†to a man's right to protect his own testicles from a state that demanded his compulsory sterilization as a repeat criminal offender.
These deeply honored cases in American Constitutional jurisprudence provided the direct links to rights of Contraception (Griswold v. Connecticut, in 1965,, with a brilliant concurrence by that Court's most respected conservative, Justice John Marshall Harlan,[7] based upon his dissent in Poe v. Ullman.[8] There, Harlan had earlier supported the right of married couples to prevail over the state on the question of contraception versus pregnancy. While Douglas in Griswold based his opinion on the "penumbra†of the First Amendment, rather than the "liberty of Due Process†clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, this jurisprudence–from three clauses in one Amendment, the Fourteenth ("liberty†of Due Process, Privileges and Immunities, and Equal Protection of the Law) and therefore, not unsurprisingly, this jurisprudence is now somewhat homogenized in our law.
From this ground norm of Constitutional jurisprudence, the term "privacy†naturally derives. That is, old-fashioned Blackstonian home and hearth privacy, that asks us, really, whether we want a policeman under the conjugal bed, or peering into the second floor bedroom window. Or hovering with a zoom lens marvel within some hireling's helicopter over a polygamist compound. Just how, folks, do we distinguish between two heterosexual people, covenanting with each other, but without benefit of clergy, and the polygamists? Or the gay couple? Or simple one-night stands, for that matter? Just how many cops do we really want under the conjugal bed?
Under all the above, and separately, we've constructed huge areas of libertarian protection of our home as our castle, our bodies as the temples of god, and therefore beyond the reach of the secular state, and a wondrous libertarian infusion into our Constitution mirroring our nation's first flag, which had nothing to do with Betsy Ross. Our first flag, an epigram, said simply: "mind your own business.†The coiled rattler came later, but with the same potent venom for someone who crossed the line and truly threatened our autonomy. A very good word, autonomy. Thank you, Justice Brennan, in Eisenstadt. And with this vital step, we connect the "home and hearth†Blackstonian, conservative definition of "privacy,†to "privacy as autonomy†in Roe v. Wade, the right to life, the right to choose my sexuality and reproductivity, the right to an education, to marry and to divorce, to choose my marriage partner or partners (serial monogamy, for example), my right to libertine sexuality, if I am silly enough to act this way today, without injury to others, to choose my profession, the right to travel, to vote, to participate in government and society, a profound right of respect and space, and finally, a right to die.[9]
Third, apart from legality, constitutionality, spirituality, and ethics, proceeding horizontally, against "polygamy,†or gays, or libertine sexuality, just doesn't work. Pragmatically, it is not in society's interest. Our excommunicating, criminalizing, marginalizing, and isolating the very people we want to teach another way: in church, in the public schools, in the public square, goes directly against our own societal self-interest. (Just why, why do we insist on preaching exclusively to the choir?) Which does not mean, of course, that society won't do just that. That is, we often, all too often, act directly against our collective self-interest. We do it all the time. In our individual lives, and in society, in politics, in law, and in religion. Witness our current wars against humanity, on every side.
Fourth, this DOES NOT MEAN that we cannot come down, and come down hard, against individual acts of individual people. This is what I would call a vertical cut, not the horizontal criminalization of an entire people, or group. That, as said before, we call war. Acting vertically, we have and should make criminal sexual abuse, physical abuse of any kind, spouse abuse, torture, spiritual ecclesiastic abuse, underage marriage, coercion of one gender, or one age, against another. Many other circumstances of gender abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, fraud, and direct common law crimes come to mind, including rape, interstate trafficking in children, women, men, boys; and international conspiracies of all the above. Many of these events have been brought to my attention recently, directly from the first posting of this series of articles. Things this tangible the criminal law can get its hands, its mind, its bureaucracy around, with middling effectiveness. But decriminalizing many categorical groupings would be a big step forward: decriminalize polygamy, homosexuality, and lower level drug use, many far less toxic than alcohol and tobacco.
Fifth, vast numbers of people cannot accurately be typed, as a group or groups, as possessing corporately, somehow, the criminal and depraved inclinations of particular leaders. Such typing is both the prologue to and the incitement of the mob mentality, the pack after prey, sufficient to gain popular support for a holocaust, a crackdown and criminalization of an entire people. I first met Primo Levi, in one of his books, at almost the moment he died. I was in Canterbury, preparing the Reynolds Lecture, Ends and Means in Conflict, to be delivered later that year at the University of Utah.[10] Primo Levi, a survivor of the Holocaust and one of the world's greatest thinkers and writers, said it best: "Many people–many nations–can find themselves holding, more or less wittingly, that "every stranger is an enemy.†For the most part this conviction lies deep down like some latent infection, it betrays itself only in random, disconnected acts, and does not lie at the base of a system of reason. But when it does come about, when the unspoken dogma becomes the major premise in a syllogism, then, at the end of the chain, there is the Lager. Here is the product of a conception of the world carried rigorously to its logical conclusion; so long as the conception subsists, the conclusion remains to threaten us. The story of the death camps should be understood by everyone as a sinister alarm-signal.â€[11]
I quoted Levi in speaking at the Capitol, supporting gay rights. And again supporting women's rights. I know use the same statement, in my own state, in favor of recognizing the fundamental human rights of polygamists and, for that matter, immigrants, aliens of whatever color, belief, gender, or nationality.[12]
Stigmatizing and stereotyping polygamists is no more fair and accurate than doing the same thing to people of other religions, ethnicities, color, and nations. With hundreds of millions of polygamists: in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Islam; within the Hindu and Buddhist peoples, and Christians in every nation, and millions in Africa, of every religious persuasion, not to mention biblical practice, time out of mind.[13]
Let's get real. In one portion of Buddhist practice, one woman may have several husbands. And vice versa. Its origins, and maintenance, has to do with the descent of land. That is, having a critical mass, beneath which one cannot maintain life. These circumstance, obviously, are fact-specific. They vary from nation to nation, religious sects, ethnic groups and traditions. AND NONE OF THIS JUSTIFIES ONE CRIMINAL ACT TOWARD ANY SINGLE PERSON. I know this. But we must be humane, within the law, and realistic of what we can do in the name of, and through, the law. Preachment from the pulpit, or the town square, or the classroom, is quite different and offer much greater hope of success. That's my point. Keep your congregations, your classrooms, your town squares, all-inclusive. This was St. Augustine's great gift, of so many, after he left the Manichaean group. He is our symbol, after the incomparable St. Paul, always to move outward, ever outward. Including every group. The fishers of human beings throw in their net and bring up fish of every kind. This is the real fish fry.[14]
Sixth, times have changed. Indeed. And I happen to think a general movement away from polygamy and toward monogamy is all to the good. But let us remember, and be compassionate in dealing with, some groups caught up in a time warp. The very rate of the speeding up of time is upon us. All technology is now dated within two and one-half years. This used to happen, more or less, between wars: 1870-1914-1939. Large groups in Islam simply don't see the world as we do. And bombing them into the Stone Age hardly reflects well on Christianity, democracy, or common humanity. Mormon groups maintaining a grim grip on the nineteenth century must be given time to react, group by group, to a vastly changing world. Ditto the Roman Catholic world, with its vast humanity in every land everywhere. And Orthodoxy. All our leaders should receive our profound thanks, even for trying to keep up with a world they hardly know. And most surely, not the world in which they grew up and spent most of their professional lives.
Media attention itself has done some good. A different life style is readily apparent to younger people, everywhere. Media as teachers often rank above law in making us aware of the common humanity among people who live in distant lands, or in more rural inaccessible parts of our own country. We form a common bond when we see sit-coms or documentaries of people we don't know facing the problems we all face: educating our kids, getting enough food, housing, medical care, and social stability and peace, in various societies. When polygamists, Blacks in an earlier era, migrants, and gays can be presented, in news or sit-coms, as being in the main, fundamentally normal, decent people, then compassionate understanding and brotherhood follow. We make the vital connection of common humanity, seemingly so obvious and yet so obviously missed, historically, in all the massacres and holocausts throughout time. This perceived commonality allows not only sympathy, but empathy.[15]
But the media can be vicious, too. I have never in my life seen as mean and unrelenting news coverage, indeed news creation, as the constant bombardment of polygamists by CNN. The wry Anderson Cooper, with his side-kick, John Krakauer, hour after brutal hour, as polygamists are relentlessly pursued, into their churches, their places of vocation, their rural communities, even into the bedrooms of Mormon fundamentalists' homes. Krakauer, a justly celebrated author of mountain-climbing adventures, also published a book, Under the Banner of Heaven. In this book, his contempt for the Mormon people is patent. He finds the Mormons a particularly blood-thirsty bunch. Among other topics, he treats the Mountain Meadows Massacre in the mid-nineteenth century. This slaughter was accomplished by rural Mormons, suffering their own isolation and consequent misperception of actions and intentions of societies beyond their borders. Based upon the notoriety of this book, he now hires detectives to spy upon polygamist Mormons and employs helicopters to hover constantly over several of the largest Mormon fundamentalist communities in several countries. Who in his right mind or with anything remotely resembling a heart, would hire helicopters to fly over peoples homes and photograph them, as if they were some form of alien culture, to be vivisected? Or shown on CNN, as if they were spoils of war and paraded before bloodthirsty masses in Caesar's Rome? The imperial colonial mentality of CNN's spokespersons, not to mention John Krakauer, toward Mormon culture in general and the fundamentalist Mormons particularly, is palpable.
Does the eastern United States really, I mean really, think that all there are in an expendable West are Rattle Snakes, Native Americans, and a few Mormons, here mainly to watch in amusement, as they bomb us to test nuclear weapons? And then, with the support of Utah's own representatives in Congress, bury their nuclear by-products here? And get a good laugh, or a good sobby cry, watching CNN commentators hang on every word of Krakauer?
This is the usual prologue to hate crimes. First, we dehumanize the people to be attacked. Thus, we free ourselves of our duties, legal, spiritual, and ethical, to honor the human rights of this people, now to be scapegoated, the sacrificial victim.[16] Since such people are not quite human, we conclude, we owe them no rights of humanity: privacy, protection, respect, brotherly kindness, charity, and hospitality. I have been dazed by the unrelenting brutality of this unending assault into the most private lives of a people who are in the main law-abiding, socially conservative, even shy. CNN has thus enlisted in Krakauer's crusade. These hours of airtime help create the pack mentality for this social sickness to brew and broil. CNN, in a sense, creates a Krakauer and joins with him in his relentless ruthless role as the self-selected Grand Inquisitor of the Mormons. And CNN are the good guys? Whatever happened to FOX when we need them? ( Well, now, FOX too has taken after the fox. They want to bay with the hounds and run with the Fox.)
This pulverization of entire communities, and within them, the fracturing of families, devastated by fear of arrest, imprisonment, and deportation, is deplorable. Other nations, heretofore allowing these people simply to live in peace, now fear such decency will be punished by an angry U.S. government. Deportation and devastation of families literally being ripped apart will soon follow. This atrocity goes beyond anything I've seen in 70 years of observing the media. Do these fools think Mormon fundamentalism just sprang up, under some desert rock? Where is the historical textuality here, folks? This part of the West is not a freak show, as you have framed it for too many of our fellow citizens. This is cheap voyeurism at its worst. This total lack of historical understanding is appalling. No one is that young and that dumb. Never has FOX so offended me as did CNN's bombardment of polygamy-without-history: without beginning of days or end of years. Like Aristotelian creationism. One day, a toad came into being. A miracle. Right here, on CNN.
I can't resist a comment on the HBO story, BIG LOVE. Well done. By the time we make the sit-coms, as I've said elsewhere, the game is over: we've gone way beyond where the law can get us, though very likely it was instrumental in getting us this far. I remember pressuring some corporation, a long time ago, to put a Black person in an add on TV, while I was on the White House staff of Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, as a young White House Fellow. It wasn't legal, but it worked. Then come the sit-coms. Then, really, the struggle is over. And the good guys won. It's just a matter of time. The good old boys may take a time to surrender, or die out. But the end, a good end is assured.
Keep up the shows, HBO. You've replaced CNN as the best thing going on TV, some time ago. One big caveat: I don't know who your old dark character is supposed to be. But Rulon Jeffs was my uncle, my friend, and in a limited sense, my silent collaborator in writing the legal history of the Mormon faith, Zion in the Courts. That is, he read every section, in draft form, and offered criticism. To me, he was always a courtly gentleman: bright, quite austere, patriarchal, and hugely ethical. We met in my law school office and, strangely, in Chuck-a-Rama, clearly not for the quality of the food. Though the responsibility for whatever is said in Zion in the Courts is entirely mine and my co-author, Collin Mangrum, nevertheless, Uncle Rulon read our draft. I listened closely to his criticism. By this time, he was the Prophet, Seer, and Revelator of the Fundamentalist Latter-day Saints. He knew a thing or two about polygamy.
Long before, he was also the CPA of my grandfather and my father's store, Firmage's Department Store, in Provo, Utah, and in St. George. He may well have been CPA for the Penney Company, as my dad and grandfather Firmage began with Mr. Penney, and Uncle Rulon was CPA from the corporate beginning. This relationship continued, after Uncle Rulon's divorce from my Aunt Zola, daughter of Hugh B. Brown and Zina Card Brown, the granddaughter of Brigham Young. When Rulon and Zola were married, Rulon was not a polygamist. Over some years' time, Uncle Rulon was "converted†by his father. Zola's marriage ended. But two sons, my dear cousins and best friends in my childhood, had been born. What blessings they have been, and are, to my life. I do not know Warren. But I am always suspicious, as an unreconstructed Whig, when all the media and the government find only darkness in any man or woman.
The Mormons, you might recall, did not come to the American West as tourists and loved it so much they stayed. We were forced out of Missouri, then Illinois, murdered and raped by gangs, state militia or policemen often, in their day job. Then the United States government made war on the Mormons. Civil rights denied, the vote, religious qualifications to hold office, jury duty, the right to immigrate, the right to be secure in one's home: pure home and hearth privacy, as Blackstone defined it. Mormon leadership was in jail or on the lam, in Mexico, Canada, or western badlands. And a few such groups still remain, holdouts, neither wanting assimilation or homogenization. They want simply to be left alone. This CNN pogrom is a long way down, boys, from your better, far far better days, of the early 1990's.
Nevertheless, some stories of sexual abuse are so raw–true tales of torture, of sexual slavery, of gender abuse, males dominating females, of commercial exploitation and educational deprivation of girls and women, by some groups, that legal responses simply must follow. And must not stop until the perpetrators are behind bars. Of course these situations, all too common, must be met by the state with full force of the criminal law. No one, at least in my world, disagrees. Go get them. Throw them in prison for very very long times but person-by-person. War is a very bad idea. Especially when one side, and only one side, has all the cameras. And real power. The ministry, the state and the media; all gang-raping the polygamists in the name of god and decency. I'm now thinking of all of us, me too, all living in glass houses, constantly throwing stones. When, just when, does the whole house fly apart?
I am a monogamist for precisely the same reason that I am a monotheist. A laser-like attention to The One is vital. But the law, if it is to be both effective and humane, must be only one tool we use. Our "quiver,†the metaphor of choice of our "natural family†enthusiasts, is indeed full and aquiver with educational means. And the law is rarely the best instrument of educational choice. The law can be highly overrated and overused, to our huge sadness. The law, at best, is a schoolmaster.
Edwin Brown Firmage (website, bio) Samuel D. Thurman Professor of Law, Emeritus University of Utah College of Law Salt Lake City, Utah
[1] E. Firmage & R. Collin Mangrum, Zion in the Courts: A Legal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1830-1900, Revised, paperback (University of Illinois Press, 2001); "Restoring The Church: Zion in the Nineteenth and Twenty-first Centuries,†in John Sillito (ed.), The Wilderness of Faith: Essays on Contemporary Mormon Thought 1991; Religion and the Law: The Mormon Experience in the Nineteenth Century, Vol. 12 Cardozo L. Rev. No. 3, Feb./Mar. Pp. 765-803, (1990); Free Exercise of Religion in Nineteenth Century America: The Mormon Cases, Vol. VII, The Journal of Law and Religion Number 2. (1989), P. 281; The Judicial Campaign Against Polygamy and the Enduring Legal Questions, 27 BYU Studies 91 (1988); The Judicial Campaign Against Polygamy and the Enduring Legal Questions, BYU Studies, Vol. 27, #3, Summer, 1987; "Seeing The Stranger As The Enemy: On Scapegoating,†Speech before The Utah State Coalition For Human Rights, Utah State Capitol, March 2, 1996; "Covenant, A Ecumenical Service of Celebration and Remembrance,†World AIDS Day, First Unitarian Church, Salt Lake City, Utah, December 1, 1994; Religion and the Law: The Mormon Experience in the Nineteenth Century, in Proceedings of a Conference on Religious Law & Legal Pluralism, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University (September 17-18, 1989); Free Exercise in the Nineteenth Century: The Mormon Cases, Proceedings of a Conference on Religion and the Constitution, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. (April 14, 1989); "Restoring the Church: Zion in the Nineteenth and Twenty-First Centuries,†paper presented before the annual convention of the Mormon History Association, Logan, Utah (May 6, 1988); "Zion and the Anti-Legal Tradition,†Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. 31, No. 4, Winter 1998; "Free Exercise of Religion in Nineteenth Century America: The Federal Assault on Mormon Polygamy,†in Encyclopedia of Law and Religion, Paul Finkelman, ed., published by Garland Publishing, Inc., 1998; "Seeing the Stranger as Enemy: Coming Out,†Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter 1997; "Seeing the Stranger as Enemy: Coming Out,†Episcopal Diocesan Dialogue, Utah, May 1996, special section A-G; "Let My Children Go: Seeing the Stranger as Enemy,†The Event, Utah, April 11-24, 1996, Vol. 15, No. 24 at 8; "Attempts to Use Law to Eradicate Polygamy Are Brutal and Ineffective,†SL Trib., August 2000; "Legislature Has No Role In the Issue of Sexuality,†SL Trib., May 19, 1996; "Common Humanity, Magnificent Diversity,†Catalyst, June 1995, Vol. 14, No. 6, at 6; Article in SL Trib., "As Tradition Embraces New Metaphors, Priesthood Should Be Open to Women,†Tuesday, September 20, 1993, page A11; "Celebrating Our Similarities: Priesthood Can Enrich Men and Women Equally,†SL Trib., Dec. 17, 1989, section A, at 26; "Enemy Within is Greatest Threat to Peace,†SL Trib., Dec. 11, 1988, at A20.
[2] E. Firmage & R. Collin Mangrum, Zion in the Courts: A Legal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1830-1900, Revised, paperback (University of Illinois Press, 2001).
[3] The horizontal attack we call war. Earlier, the United States did go to war on the Mormons, and the West. I don't mean the invasions against the Mormons, the Native Americans and the Mexicans addressed in previous essays in this series. I mean the nuclear testing done over and among the same people, from World War Two, to today. The storage and testing of biological agents and the chemical weapons detonated on us and our livestock and the natural animal and vegetable life of our Great Basin high desert communities. And nuclear testing, about to begin again, it seems. The U.S. simply didn't have the decency to declare war. Though they indeed make war on the West . . . on our water, our land, our cattle, our sheep, our lives and health. They bombed us, tested weapons on us, and examined us as if we were guinea pigs with a nuclear ticking in our gut. Are they are going to do this, now, to the Fundamentalist Mormons, our own people? Will John Krakauer, CNN, and FOX not only spy ruthlessly, but so spike the punch that folks are drinking in the Justice Department, that some fool will order a Fundamentalist compound attacked? Daniel Ellsberg, Edwin B. Firmage, et al., Secrecy, Freedom and Empire: Lessons for Today from Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. Panel discussion held at the University of California, Berkeley, Oct. 23, 2002. Transcript available; Francis D. Wormuth & Edwin B. Firmage, To Chain the Dog of War: the War Power of Congress in History and Law (2nd ed., 1989); Edwin B. Firmage and Joseph E. Wrona, The War Power, 59 George Washington L. Rev. 1684 (1991); Edwin B. Firmage, The War Power of Congress and Revision of the War Powers Resolution, 17 J. of Contemporary Law 237 (1991); Edwin B. Firmage, Rogue presidents and the War Power of Congress, 11 George Mason L. Rev. 79 (1988); Edwin B. Firmage, MX: Democracy, Religion and the Rule of Law–My Journey, 2004 Utah L. Rev 13; Edwin B. Firmage, Allegiance and Stewardship: Holy War, Just War and the Mormon Tradition in the Nuclear Age, Dialogue: a Journal of Mormon Thought, Spring 1983, at 46; Edwin B. Firmage, National Security: the Nuclear Arms Race and our Alternatives, 1 J. of International and Area Studies 27 (1986). See also Mexican War, Great Basin Mexican Cession, Texas cession.
[9] Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972). In holding that unmarried people could not be denied access to contraceptives Justice Brennan wrote, "If the right of privacy means anything, it is the right of the individual, married or single, to be free from unwarranted governmental intrusion into matters so fundamentally affecting a person as the decision whether to bear or beget a child.†Id. at 453.
[10] Edwin B. Firmage, Ends and Means in Conflict. 49th annual Frederick William Reynolds Lecture (1987).
[11] Primo Levi, If This Is a Man; the Truce 15 (Stuart Woolf trans., 1987).
[12] Edwin B. Firmage, "Seeing the Stranger as Enemy: Coming Out,†Dialogue: a Journal of Mormon Thought, Winter 1997, at 27; Edwin B. Firmage, "Seeing the Stranger as Enemy: Coming Out,†Diocesan Dialogue, May 1996 special section, at A; Firmage, "Reconciliation,†Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Fall 1989, at 130.
[13] Genesis 4:19-22, 28:6-9, 29:26-30; Deuteronomy 21:15-17; Judges 8:29-30.
[15] Firmage, "Seeing the Stranger as Enemy: Coming Out,†Diocesan Dialogue, May 1996, special section, at A. and Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought.
[16] Rene Girard, Violence and the Sacred (Patrick Gregory trans., 1977); Rene Girard, Job: the Victim of his People (Yvonne Freccero trans., 1987); Rene Girard, The Scapegoat (Yvonne Freccero trans., 1986); Gil Bailie, Violence Unveiled; Humanity at the Crossroads (1995).


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Just as the title implies, 25 Years of Greatness is a career-spanning 32-track compilation covering most of the highlights of the Wolfe Tones' first quarter of a century. There is the important caveat, however, that like many folk groups, the Wolfe Tones have recorded many of their most popular songs several times, and this collection tends to favor more recent and/or more arranged versions of the Spartan originals that graced early albums like Let the People Sing. That's not as much of a problem as it would be with some groups, however, as the Wolfe Tones have wisely resisted any temptation to "update," "modernize," or otherwise ruin a traditional Irish folk style that has worked for them for so long; even the Fairport Convention-like electric track of the new "Rock On Rockall" has a bracingly traditional feel to it. This is the Wolfe Tones set to have if you're having just one, but there's plenty more where this came from.
Avant de s'imposer sur la scène internationale en tant que romancier à succès dans les années 1980, Tom Wolfe a fait partie aux États-Unis, aux côtés de Norman Mailer, Truman Capote et Hunter S. Thompson entre autres, des pionniers d'un mouvement journalistique radicalement novateur. Le Nouveau journalisme, comme l'a baptisé Wolfe, se caractérisait en particulier par une liberté de style et de ton, ainsi que par des articles longs, proches du reportage, très écrits et dans lesquels les auteurs se mettaient eux-mêmes en scène. …
Essential: a masterpiece of progressive rock music.
There are records that one day captive unnoticed, is the case of the LP "Tips Zum Selbstmord" from Necronomicon.
Haunting, poignant and relentlessly physical, Julia Wolfe's Anthracite Fields is a lovingly detailed oratorio about turn-of-the-20th-century Pennsylvania coal miners, and a fitting recipient of the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Music. NPR Music's Tom Huizenga describes the piece as "…almost a public history project and a music project at the same time," which hints at the work's universal appeal.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Editor:
- Patricia McDougall-Covin, Tunga Kiyak
- Affiliations:
1 Department of Strategic Management and Globalization, Copenhagen Business School
2 Universita' Degli Studi Di Catania
- Abstract:
- The institution-based view (IBV) of firm strategy argues that formal and informal institutions combine to govern firm behavior and suggests a predominant reliance on network-based informal relationships when formal institutions are absent or deficient. Our knowledge on how formal and informal institutions combine to govern firm behavior remains scant when formal institutions are present but show varying degrees of non-marketsupporting regulation. This issue gains great relevance for subsidiaries which in host locations have also to confront the liability of outsidership. To advance IBV, we draw on industrial organization and firm productivity literature. In particular, we propose and test a conceptual model illustrating a U-shaped relationship between the extent of anti-competitive regulation in relevant service supplying sectors and the degree to which subsidiaries embed with value chain partners. Our model also suggests that this U-shaped relationship is steeper for subsidiaries with a center of excellence role within the multinational enterprise, and that highly embedded subsidiaries are superior performers.
- Type:
- Conference abstract
- Language:
- English
- Published in:
- Academy of International Business. Annual Meeting. Proceedings, 2013
- Main Research Area:
- Social science
- Publication Status:
- Published
- Series:
- Academy of International Business. Annual Meeting. Proceedings
- Review type:
- Peer Review
- Conference:
- AIB 2013 Annual Meeting
- Publisher:
- Academy of International Business
- Submission year:
- 2013
- Scientific Level:
- Scientific
- 2185933842


text:
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English: Emma Smith, wife married of Joseph Smith, Jr.. An early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement, during Joseph Smith's lifetime and afterward as a member of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS, now the Community of Christ).
Português: Pintura de Emma Smith
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|Lee Greene Richards (July 27, 1878 – February 20, 1950)
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Schmetz JEANS Needle - Size 70 (10). denim and similar densely woven materials, artificial leather, waxed cloth and vinyl.
5 Needles per pack Size 70 (10)
|Delivery Days
|1-3 Days
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Need Finance Writers - repost
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- Forbes
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60% Of Men Still... ?
We all know men are childish. But according to a survey 60% of them still do something REALLY childish
There were a number of suggestions of what they still do. Jackie wondered if men still suck their thumb. We're not sure on the statistics for that one!
Richard thought it might be collect football stickers. It wasn't that one either.
Michelle said that 60% of men still play computer games. We reckon it's higher than 60%!
Our favourite suggestion came from Hilary, who wondered if men still take a teddy bear to bed! Wonder how high those statistics are!
Listen to more suggestions - and the answer - here!
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Tag Archives: pepper
Pasta with bacon, cream, cheese and… broccoli (that's right, broccoli!)
By Remy Charest | Published: April 25, 2011
This was a meal born out of necessity. We wound up with two green veggies that needed to be eaten quickly, before they went to waste, and one of them was broccoli. Now, broccoli doesn't set fear in the heart of our children. They actually like it pretty much, and it regularly comes back in the rotation , [...]
Posted in Food, main course, pasta, recipe, vegetables | Also tagged bacon, broccoli, cheese, cream, farfalle, green vegetables, onion | 45 Comments
Oysters with verjus mignonette
By Remy Charest | Published: November 11, 2010
I've been getting into oyster season big time, this year. Maybe it's all because of the folks at Ravine Estate Winery, in Niagara, whose restaurant features an oyster bar, in the summer time. I had oysters there, when I was in the region in August, with a number of great little garnishes, including freshly grated [...]
Posted in Food, fish and seafood, recipe | Also tagged Bonny Doon Vineyards, Closson Chase, Hidden Bench, Le verger du clocher, mignonette, New York Times, oysters, salmon, shallot, verjooz, verjus, Verjus de cigare | 19 Comments


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Hidden Powers in Glasgow, UK
Greetings! My name is Phelan, I am a white witch and psychic practitioner located in Atlanta, please feel free to give me a call at 678-918-3333 or create an account if you need help with return a lost love, reunite with your soulmate or attract a new love altogether. I will be sure to lend a magical hand even if you are located in Glasgow, UK, if you are located in the Atlanta area we can setup an appointment for a consultation or a psychic reading.
ContactPhelan.com provides custom rituals and spells for Hidden Powers in Glasgow, UK from our location in Atlanta. Our website has been on the internet for more than a decade now and we are one of the most popular metaphysical sites around. Contact me if you are in need of return a lost love, reunite with your soulmate or attract a new love altogether or call me to setup an appointment in person.
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Blessed Be, Phelan
Hidden Powers | Magic White Witchcraft | Glasgow, UK


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by Duncan Larkin, Published Mar. 22, 2011, Updated Feb. 22, 2013 at 11:14 AM UTC
She dreams of winning an Olympic medal in London.
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The Lily and the Totem or, The Huguenots in Florida
Paperback, 374 Pages
List Price: $11.29
Price: $6.77
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Hint: You can preview this book by clicking on "Preview" which is located under the cover of this book. About the author: William Gilmore Simms (April 17, 1806 – June 11, 1870) was a poet, novelist and historian from the American South. His writings achieved great prominence during the 19th century, with Edgar Allan Poe pronouncing him the best novelist America had ever produced. He is still known among literary scholars as a major force in antebellum Southern literature. He is also remembered for his strong support of slavery and for his opposition to Uncle Tom's Cabin, in response to which he wrote reviews and a pro-slavery novel.Simms was born on April 17, 1806, in Charleston, South Carolina, of Scots-Irish ancestors. His mother died during his infancy, and his father failed in business and joined Coffee's Indian fighters; as a result, Simms was brought up by his grandmother. Excerpt from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gilmore_Simms
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Product Details
- Copyright
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- First Edition
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- Classics Publishing
- Published
- June 7, 2016
- Language
- English
- Pages
- 374
- Binding
- Perfect-bound Paperback
- Interior Ink
- Black & white
- Weight
- 0.54 lbs.
- Dimensions (inches)
- 6 wide x 9 tall
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text: Gallery Back Save Canberra Boys Grammar formal facebook SHARE twitter TWEET email google-plus linkedin reddit More Canberra Boys Grammar celebrated their school formal on Wednesday, November 28 at Old Parliament House. Previous slide Next slide of More Galleries Previous Next Homes lost in bushfire Canberra Times "Me and My Pet" photocomp entries (gallery 2) You asked for it Canberra - more Telstra Tower (and ACT) tattoos First day of school in the ACT Tarago burns Versailles exhibition- spot the furry friend. Babies day out, a big splash. 94 year old Manuka swimmer.


text: Welcome to Audiko.net! You can conveniently download a free feat. Kid Ink ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Scope out your favorite snippet from your favorite masterpiece - Steve Aoki - Delirious (feat. Kid Ink) [Matt Kaaihue Element, Kid Ink feat. Chris Brown - Show Me (Mel DeBarge X DenZ Remi, Nicky Jam Feat. Kid Ink - With You Tonight (Hasta El Amanece, or any other track. It's possible to gain your ringtone both in the MP3 and m4a formats, played by both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free feat. Kid Ink ringtones download option.


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Dear Scouters,
I hope this finds you all in good health and spirits!
For those that do not know, my name is Mike Jurkowski and I am the Dan Beard District Chairman. I am in my second year as the Chairman. One of my goals this year is to share and communicate District information with the unit leaders. I feel this will have two purposes. First, and most importantly, to give you the information you will need to continue to run and improve the quality program that you currently offer to your Scouts. Secondly, your knowledge and hopefully participation in District events will strengthen the District, which can then provide more support to the units.
Read more: State of the District - District Chairman Mike Jurkowski
Robert Baden-Powell's Birthday
02/22/2017 7:30 pm - 9:00 pm
Executive Committee Meeting
02/22/2017 7:30 pm - 9:00 pm
TM - Boy Scout Roundtable
02/25/2017 8:00 am - 10:00 am
Commissioner's Breakfast
02/26/2017 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm
VOA Meeting
02/27/2017 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm
COPE & Climbing Committee
03/01/2017 6:45 pm - 9:00 pm
TM - Cub Scout Roundtable
03/04/2017 11:30 am - 1:30 pm
St Patrick's Pitt parade
03/07/2017 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm
DB - District Committee Meeting
03/07/2017 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm
DB - District Commissioners
If you need help with your Scout unit, or just a new uniform, the staff of the Scout Service and Training Center is here to help you make Scouting successful in Northeastern Pennsylvania.
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of the United Way


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Arts, Literature, Performing Arts, Visual ArtsFollow
Separate stories: Join Michael Cathcart and Sarah Kanowski for ABC Radio National's Books and Arts: Australia's only national broadcast devoted to literature and the arts. Published Mondays to Saturdays.
August 12th, 2014
Episode 6 of 1440 episodes
Fantasy fiction buff and constitutional lawyer and George Williams reviews The Red Queen's War: Prince of Fools by Mark Lawrence and Half a King by Joe Abercrombie.
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Welcome to the daily audio workout for your head.


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Articles tagged crystal keith
30 Sep 2003 // 12:00 AM
'There are so many things that typify growing up in Southern California in the late '70s and early '80s. Miniature golf.'"READ more
24 Apr 2003 // 12:00 AM
To even things up, perhaps, or because he's bored, or because it's so easy, Ben cheats.READ more
11 Apr 2003 // 12:00 AM
'It is not 'just' a movie. What hinges on this release is so much larger than the film itself.'"READ more
//Mixed media
Depeche Mode "Where's the Revolution" (Singles Going Steady) // Music
Beth Bombara "Sweet Time" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Oceans Are Zeroes "Inside" (audio) (premiere) // Music
//Pm Picks
'Fire Emblem Heroes' Is a Bad Crossover
// Moving Pixels
"Fire Emblem Heroes desperately and shamelessly wants to monetize our love for these characters, yet it has no idea why we came to love them in the first place.READ the article


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Hotels in Bispham
Hotel reservation
United Kingdom
Hotel rooms in Bispham
There are not so many hotel rooms in Bispham, just 5, still everyone can find an offer to suit his choice. The most common offers in this city are 3 и 4 stars, they count 1 out of 5, and their prevalent location is central district. According to our practice, it is the most profitable to book a hotel in the west of Bispham, as it is the location of the hotels with optimal cost and quality offers along with the cheap hotels. Taking into account the small size of the city, there is no need to dwell hotel reservation on the location: the road to the city center would take less then half an hour, so one can book a hotel in any district of Bispham. The most populated with hotels district of Bispham is the south, 40% of cheap hotel rooms are concentrated here. However, even those who want to live in the center can choose from 1 variants of hotel rooms. Bispham is an ideal place for couple and family, such travellers rate hotels there 7.6 out of 10 on average. The view to sea from the hotel room can serve as a pleasant addition to the journey. Apart from all these, hotels in Bispham offer their customers bar, restaurant/cafe, parking and wi-fi in public areas. The staff of the most hotels is multilingual: it speaks spanish and english. The most appreciated amenities in Bispham hotels are location and pool. According to the visitors reviews, hotels in Bispham has fantastic service, great pool and great location. Take a look at our selection of the cheap hotel rooms in Bispham to make a well-informed choice for your reservation!
Cheap hotel rates in Bispham
Currently Hotellook offers cheap hotels with discounts varying from 5 to 60%. The largest discount found by our users in Bispham was 17%. We collected all discount hotel deals in Bispham together to make it easier for you to find the really cheap one!
discount 17%
Close to parking areas and public transportation
1.1 km from the city center
Norbreck Castle Hotel
Check In
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All discount hotels in Bispham
Bispham cheap hotels
Guest Houses
All cheap hotels in Bispham
Best hotels in Bispham
Hotels in Bispham are spread around the city within the distance of 2.1 kilometers, while 1 hotels are located directly in the city center. Those who are keen on antique should definitely fall in love with
Norbreck Castle Hotel
, the oldest hotel of Bispham, constructed in 1920. This hotel is located 1.1 km away from the city center. If you like everything shine and bright, Bispham can offer
Norbreck Castle Hotel
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Norbreck Castle Hotel
, 3 stars hotel located in a 1.1 kilometers from the city center. People looking for something extraordinary and exceptional should not pass by
Norbreck Castle Hotel
Leverdale Hotel
with view to sea. The cost of reservation of such hotel starts from
. The optimal choice for the ones who want to save some money would be
Norbreck Castle Hotel
, the really cheap hotel located in the center of Bispham.
The best hotels are here and now. Try them!
All cities in United Kingdom


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Beautiful Bed & Breakfast on NC Horse Farm
From $100 / night
Description from the owner
Description from the owner
Bedrooms: 1/
Bathrooms: 2/
Sleeps: 4/
Type: Bed and Breakfast
Book this 1 bedroom, 2 bathroom bed and breakfast in Southern Pines today! A total of 4 people can sleep here comfortably. This property has been booked 9 times.
Guests can enjoy a outdoor grill, air conditioning, and parking space among other amenities offered by this rental.
Travelers are sharing their opinions on this property. It has an overall rating of 5/5 thanks to an average of 3 reviews.
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The owner responds to 100% of inquiries and last updated the property's calendar 12 days ago.
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top Southern Pines Attractions
Proximity to TripAdvisor's Top Southern Pines Attractions
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Download apps, toolboxes, and other File Exchange content using Add-On Explorer in MATLAB.
Be the first to rate this file! 13 Downloads (last 30 days) File Size: 7.24 KB File ID: #38973 Version: 2.4
Fuel fraction sizing
09 Nov 2012 (Updated 21 Aug 2015)
Finds aircraft gross weight using the fuel fraction sizing method


text: Chief Keef – Savage (Bonus Track) Tracks by HH December 20, 2012 8:10 pm0 Listen to this Best Buy bonus track from Chief Keef titled Savage. Produced by Nard & B. Related Mixtapes / by HH - 2 months ago Chief Keef – Two Zero One Seven [Mixtape] Sosa Chamberlain kicks off new year with this official project titled "Two Zero One Seven." Videos / by HH - 5 months ago Machine Gun Kelly – Young Man Ft. Chief Keef [Video] Machine Gun Kelly hits the streets of Cleveland in visual for his latest single Young Man featuring Chief Keef. Tracks / by HH - 10 months ago Chief Keef – Violence Ft. CeeLo Green & Tone Trump 3Hunnah native Chief Keef unleashed his latest single titled Violence. Videos / by HH - 11 months ago Chief Keef – Faneto [Video] Chief Keef delivers visual for Faneto, a self-produced song he released in October 2014. Tracks / by HH - 11 months ago Chief Keef – Face The Chicago native unleashed his new street single entitled Face. Videos / by HH - February 26, 2016 2:37 pm Chief Keef – Super Heroes Ft. A$AP Rocky [Video] Chief Keef links up with A$AP Rocky on video for their banger called Super Heroes.


text: What do you say about this church? http://www.mountzionbc.org/vision.htm I want a church like the Baptistic one I attended from 2004-January 2006 in Northern California. Calvary Chapel is okay, and its certainly easier on my car driving there, than driving into Redwood City from the Mountains. But my credit debt will never go away with the low paying job that I have at this time, so I need a new job anyways. More charges to my car fixing it for these drives, oh well. I'll be $5K in CC debt soon. I dont care anymore. But the HUGE problem with Calvary Chapel is that they care very little about Church Education. I want to join a Baptist Church but I need a healthy and well balanced one and one that is local. If you do not live in the San mateo County area, or you are not familiar with the SF bay Area then you will not understand. Thanks John


text:
Worth the Trip
The Hardinge Machine Tool Show (HMTS) welcomed more than 750 visitors this year. Along with a vast lineup of Hardinge machines, more than 40 of its industry partners rounded out the trade-show atmosphere.
Chris Koepfer
Editor-in-Chief, Production Machining
Editor-in-Chief, Production Machining
The idea seems to be catching—this year's event covered four times the floor space of last year's premier exhibition. Elmira may not be on the beaten path, but it's a worthy destination for metalworking manufactures to see made in America alive and well.


text:
Vision MH operates at one location, Cornerstone House in Elstree, which provides a hospital service with in-patient accommodation for people to receive care and treatment for a range of mental health issues. The hospital is designated restricted access or locked rehabilitation.
Cornerstone House is a large detached house with an additional newly built annex within the grounds. There are a number of facilities available including a library, gymnasium / games room, therapy studios and grounds. The hospital is situated approximately one mile from the local high street, shopping, leisure activities and a rail link.
The hospital has 25 registered beds and provides treatment for both informal patients and persons liable to be detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 (2007). We offer a treatment and recovery based mental health service that provides assessment and active, intensive multidisciplinary care and treatment for individuals suffering from mental illness.
We aim to attract the best candidates, investing in and developing our staff is central to VMH's vision and values. We are committed to providing all of our staff with a challenging, fulfilling work environment and investing in their personal and professional development. This commitment to quality is the essential link between clinical and education outcomes and operational performance. Our staff have the opportunity and are encouraged to progress within the company.
We employ over 60 staff with a vast range of expertise and experience.
We are always interested in recruiting high quality staff in a range of disciplines and locations. Recruiting now for either permanent or bank work for RMN's and Support Staff roles at Cornerstone House, Borehamwood.
We have a range of disciplines and employ Specialist Doctors and Consultants, Nurses, Occupational Therapist, Art Psychotherapist, Team leaders, Support Workers, Assistant Psychologists, Housekeeping Staff, Cook, Marketing Representatives, HR and Administrative staff.


text:
Quincy Miller @qmillertime
Every morning I'm in that lab @Trobinson0 in that joint too. #respect9/4/2015, 5:09:43 PM
- Thomas Robinson
T-Rob Gets a Little Help from (New) Friends as He Maturesvia latimes.com
Bleacher Report @BleacherReport
2017 West All-Star Reserves Klay Thompson Draymond Green Russell Westbrook DeMarcus Cousins DeAndre Jordan Marc Gasol Gordon Hayward https://t.co/8npPm36LdM1/27/2017, 12:06:14 AM
TurnerSportsPR @TurnerSportsPR
The 2017 Western Conference NBA All-Star starters https://t.co/2cVcw8xcuv1/20/2017, 12:16:56 AM
- Thomas Robinson
NBA Power Rankings at Quarter Mark of Seasonvia SBNation.com
Sean Kilpatrick Jr @SeanKilpatrick_
Nothing more important than family! https://t.co/G99aSWmD7E6/6/2016, 11:19:29 PM
Marc Stein @ESPNSteinLine
It's official: Metta World Peace has made the Lakers' 15-man roster. Ditto for Thomas Robinson. L.A. makes room by releasing Anthony Brown.10/24/2016, 5:48:43 PM
- Thomas Robinson
Lakers Impressed with Thomas Robinson's Hustlevia The Orange County Register
- Thomas Robinson
Report: T-Rob Drawing Interest from 5 Teamsvia Bleacher Report
Chris McCullough @briskuno
All you ni**as fightin' over crumbs, where the bread at6/6/2016, 6:23:15 PM
Shane Larkin @ShaneLarkin_3
Steph and Klay have 14 COMBINED. That shows how basketball is more of a TEAM game than anything. Nobody can do it alone.6/3/2016, 3:23:52 AM
JARRETT JACK @Jarrettjack03
In game 1 the pressure is always on the home team6/3/2016, 12:46:31 AM
- Thomas Robinson
Craig Sager Sings at Wrigley in 7th Inningvia Bleacher Report
- Thomas Robinson
Report: Robinson to Opt Out of Nets Contractvia ProBasketballTalk
Anthony Puccio @APOOCH
#Nets saying that Thomas Robinson is out for the remainder of the game with a sore knee.4/10/2016, 10:49:30 PM
Sean Kilpatrick Jr @SeanKilpatrick_
Forever. https://t.co/ZNa1kkUGYC6/3/2016, 2:23:44 AM
thomas robinson @Trobinson0
What happened next ? 🤔 @MookMorris2 @Keefmorris live at KU https://t.co/WvbXdNoqjP6/4/2016, 7:49:54 PM
thomas robinson @Trobinson0
😏 come meet us now lol https://t.co/d7kHiz0DwN6/4/2016, 7:44:03 PM


text:
Identifying geographical variations in poverty-obesity relationships: Empirical evidence from Taiwan
Wen T.-H.,National Taiwan University |
Chen D.-R.,National Taiwan University |
Tsai M.-J.,Taoyuan General Hospital
Geospatial Health | Year: 2010
There is an increasing interest in the relationship between area-based disadvantage and obesity but the extent to which the poverty-obesity relationship remains constant across geographical areas remains unclear. We examined geographical variations in the relationship between poverty and obesity in Taiwan using geographically weighted regression (GWR). A representative sample of 27,293 Taiwanese adults (21 to 64 years old) from 262 townships was obtained from the 2001 Social Development Trend Survey on Health and Safety (SDSHS) in Taiwan. GWR revealed that there were local variations in the poverty-obesity relationship and that poverty was only significantly associated with obesity in less-developed areas. Significant relationship between poverty and obesity was found only in less-developed areas, suggesting that the impact of poverty on obesity is area-specific. Source
Cheng S.-H.,Taipei Medical University |
Chu F.-Y.,Taipei Medical University |
Wang C.-C.,Taoyuan General Hospital |
Hsueh Y.-M.,Taipei Medical University
Journal of Medical Virology | Year: 2014
Homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at a greater risk of developing anal cancer. Men who are infected with HIV and visited the outpatient clinics in Taoyuan General Hospital were enrolled to this study. During March to December 2011, thin preparation anal Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping were performed in 230 subjects, of which 69 subjects underwent anoscopic biopsy. Their mean age was 32.9±8.1 years, and 181 (78.6%) men were homosexual. The proportion and 95% confidence interval (CI) of subjects with anal dysplasia in cytology was 23.0% (17.56-28.44), including 13.4% (9.26-18.14) with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 7.0% (3.70-10.30) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 2.6% (0.54-4.66) with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. For participants having atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grades, multivariate logistic regression models yielded adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 12.61 (1.63-97.56) for homosexuality, 1.62 (1.31-2.00) for number of oncogenic HPV types, and 1.01 (1.00-1.02) for number of lifetime sexual partners. For detection of histological grade II or III anal intraepithelial neoplasm in anoscopic biopsies, the sensitivity of sequential tests for oncogenic HPV and cytology with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher grades was 100%. The positive likelihood ratio was 3.09 (P=0.05). It is important to consider anal cancer precursors among homosexual men who are infected with HIV. Anal cytology and oncogenic HPV genotyping testing are effective screening methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Source
2-Methoxystypandrone ameliorates brain function through preserving BBB integrity and promoting neurogenesis in mice with acute ischemic stroke
Chern C.-M.,Taipei Veterans General Hospital |
Wang Y.-H.,National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences |
Liou K.-T.,Chinese Culture University |
Hou Y.-C.,Taoyuan General Hospital |
And 5 more authors.
Biochemical Pharmacology | Year: 2014
2-Methoxystypandrone (2-MS), a naphthoquinone, has been shown to display an immunomodulatory effect in a cellular model. To explore whether 2-MS could protect mice against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury, we evaluated 2-MS's protective effects on an acute ischemic stroke by inducing a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) injury in murine model. Treatment of mice that have undergone I/R injury with 2-MS (10-100 μg/kg, i.v.) at 2 h after MCAO enhanced survival rate and ameliorated neurological deficits, brain infarction, neural dysfunction and massive oxidative stress, due to an enormous production of free radicals and breakdown of blood-brain barrier (BBB) by I/R injury; this primarily occurred with extensive infiltration of CD11b-positive inflammatory cells and upexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). All of these pathological changes were diminished by 2-MS; 2-MS also intensively limited cortical infarction and promoted upexpression of neurodevelopmental genes near peri-infarct cortex and endogenous neurogenesis near subgranular zone of hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone, most possibly by inactivation of GSK3β which in turn upregulating β-catenin, Bcl-2 adam11 and adamts20. We conclude that 2-MS blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling to limit the inflammation and oxidative stress for preservation of BBB integrity; 2-MS also concomitantly promotes neurodevelopmental protein expression and endogenous neurogenesis through inactivation of GSK3β to enhance β-catenin signaling for upexpression of neuroprotective genes and proteins. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. Source
Sung C.-C.,National Defense Medical Center |
Sung C.-C.,Graduate Institute of Medical science |
Hsu Y.-C.,Taoyuan General Hospital |
Chen C.-C.,National Defense Medical Center |
And 3 more authors.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity | Year: 2013
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and a high risk for developing malignancy. Excessive oxidative stress is thought to play a major role in elevating these risks by increasing oxidative nucleic acid damage. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) production and antioxidant defense mechanisms and can cause vascular and tissue injuries as well as nucleic acid damage in CKD patients. The increased production of RONS, impaired nonenzymatic or enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms, and other risk factors including gene polymorphisms, uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate), deficiency of arylesterase/paraoxonase, hyperhomocysteinemia, dialysis-associated membrane bioincompatibility, and endotoxin in patients with CKD can inhibit normal cell function by damaging cell lipids, arachidonic acid derivatives, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Several clinical biomarkers and techniques have been used to detect the antioxidant status and oxidative stress/oxidative nucleic acid damage associated with long-term complications such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, amyloidosis, and malignancy in CKD patients. Antioxidant therapies have been studied to reduce the oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with CKD, including alpha-tocopherol, N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, glutathione, folic acid, bardoxolone methyl, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and providing better dialysis strategies. This paper provides an overview of radical production, antioxidant defence, pathogenesis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with CKD, and possible antioxidant therapies. © 2013 Chih-Chien Sung et al. Source
Bacteraemia caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii: Clinical features and susceptibilities of the isolates
Lee M.-R.,National Taiwan University Hospital |
Ko J.-C.,National Taiwan University Hospital |
Liang S.-K.,National Taiwan University Hospital |
Lee S.-W.,Taoyuan General Hospital |
And 2 more authors.
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | Year: 2014
Mycobacterium abscessus complex (M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii) is an emerging pathogen causing various human infections. However, few studies have focused on M. abscessus complex bacteraemia with detailed species differentiation. The clinical characteristics of patients with bacteraemia due to M. abscessus complex treated at National Taiwan University Hospital from 2005-2012 were evaluated. Species identification was performed by molecular methods, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a Sensititre RAPMYCO Panel Test for preserved M. abscessus complex isolates. During the study period, 15 patients with M. abscessus complex bacteraemia were found but only 14 isolates from 13 patients were preserved for analysis. One patient had two episodes of bacteraemia (one caused by M. abscessus subsp. bolletii and one by M.abscessus subsp. abscessus with a 9-month interval). Of the remaining 12 patients, 9 patients had M. abscessus subsp. bolletii bacteraemia and 3 had M.abscessus subsp. abscessus bacteraemia. Patients were mainly middle-aged adults with various co-morbidities. Steroid usage and malignancy (5/15) were the most common immunocompromised statuses, followed by diabetes mellitus (4/15). Surgical wound infection was the most common infection foci in all patients (5/15), particularly in M. abscessus subsp. bolletii bacteraemia patients. Clarithromycin and tigecycline exhibited good in vitro activities. Overall, the 14-day mortality was 20% (3/15). M. abscessus complex bacteraemia should be considered an emerging opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Clarithromycin and tigecycline have potent in vitro activities and are promising agents for treating infections due to M. abscessus complex. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. Source


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Imposing Victorian B&B in the heart of Old Town Lunenburg, a UNESCO Heritage Site. Excellent accommodations and Breakfasts.
Set in the picturesque Town of Parrsboro on the Bay of Fundy, our 4 star inn was built in 1890 and renovated in 2004 to offer 7 gracious guestrooms with private bath, complimentary WiFi, parking, beautiful gardens. Hiking, kayaking, Theatre, Fossils
Experienced tour guide and professional actor Andy Smith tells odd, hair-raising tales. Wednesday, Friday and Sunday evenings at 7:30 p.m. (weather permitting) May through the end of October
Relax, unwind and experience gracious hospitality and tranquil ambience at our historically restored B&B. Many of our guests wish they could have stayed just a little longer. Close to Halifax airport, restaurants, shopping and more.
SeaWatch offers 2 private suites each features unique nautical decor with private entrance ensuite deck kitchenette breakfast served in suite or on deck with panoramic view of Hfx Harbour where whales are often seen Located 15 min from downtown Hfx.
Luxury oceanfront, totally self contained, full housekeeping, bed and breakfast suite, for nightly, weekly, or monthly accommodation. Accommodates up to five people.
Bed & Breakfast accommodations and apartments overlooking the ocean on the South Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada
Nova Scotia visitors guide to accommodations, adventure travel, unique tours and rentals. Check out top Nova Scotia getaways & destinations. Nova Scotia vacations, packages & travel spots. Visit Nova Scotia !.


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text: Dewji raises $200mln to fund working capital needs Home by CNBC Africa Last Updated: Tue, 19 Aug 2014 21:58:56 GMT 0 Mohammed Dewji Photo credit: Forbes Africa GUGULETHU MFUPHI: Zambia China Mulungushi takes down Joint Venture Limited. Shareholders have leased the company's assets to Mohammed Enterprises Tanzania Limited Group. This, after it closed its doors on June 30th, back in 2007. Joining us now for more is the man himself, Mohammed Dewji, Chief Executive of MeTL Group in Tanzania. It's good to have you with us. Before we get into the deal that you're conducting in Zambia and maybe even here in South Africa, walk us through. Who is Mohammed Dewji? Some people might not be too familiar with the name.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Well, I was born in a small town in Tanzania called Singida. I grew up, did my primary education in Arusha, went to an international school in Dar es Salaam and did my secondary education. Then I went to the U.S., went to Georgetown, studied finance, and got a job with JP Morgan Investment Banking. I wasn't making too much money then. I came back to Africa to join the family business.GUGULETHU MFUPHI: And that family business is a huge conglomerate now, which is accessing capital across sub-Saharan Africa and maybe even the globe.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Yes, when I joined MeTL Group, we were doing $13m revenue and this year, we are projecting $1.5bn. We contribute three-and-a-half percent of Tanzania's GDP and employ 24,000 people.ALEC HOGG: That's a great story, but is it a story that's applicable in South Africa with labour legislation and minimum wages?MOHAMMED DEWJI: In Tanzania and in Africa in general, as far as the wages are concerned, they're very low. That comes back to areas like textiles where, if you want to expand you (a) need cheap power, (b) you need to have the raw materials in terms of cotton, and (c) you need to have cheap labour to be able to compete with the likes of China and India.ALEC HOGG: I was reading through the Berkshire Hathaway annual report of 1985, which I think you probably read. If you haven't, it's Warren Buffett's story on how he got into textiles and how he got out. In '85, they finally did remove after being in there since 1962. He said it doesn't matter how technologically advanced they were, they could not compete because of lower wages. I guess that does give you a massive advantage going into the future as well.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Yes, I agree with you. Now, as you know, two-thirds of the population in Africa are under the age of 25, so there's a huge unemployment issue. Textiles are very labour orientated, so when you go to governments and say 'I'm going to employ thousands of people', they will stand up, give you a red carpet, do anything, and set policies to support you.ALEC HOGG: Except in South Africa because here, we want decent jobs. Are you not giving decent jobs to people?MOHAMMED DEWJI: Well yes, of course. There are decent jobs in terms of middle management.ALEC HOGG: Any job is a decent job. That would be my retort.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Well, a job is a job. It's better to be at work than to be at home with no income. That's the way I see it.GUGULETHU MFUPHI: Well, you mentioned that your company has obviously contributed quite strongly to the economy in Tanzania. Is that changing since you're also a Member of Parliament in that country?MOHAMMED DEWJI: We have silos, so we do trade. We do all imports/exports of soft commodities, and export of all cash crops such as coffee, cocoa, sesame seeds, yellow gram, and pigeon peas and (2), we're into manufacturing in a big way. We have 31 industries, everything from edible oil, cooking fat, margarine, and grain milling to plastics. We're now competing with Coca Cola in Tanzania, and then we have agriculture, insurance, and petroleum etcetera. Yes, of course, the GDP size is increasing and my revenues are increasing as well, together with the GDP, which is great. However, we now have a regional strategy in investing money into ten sub-Saharan African countries with high GDP growth and good population, and that's where we see the next growth that's going to come as far as MeTL is concerned.ALEC HOGG: It's interesting. You're getting some of that money from RMB. You signed the deal this morning.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Yes. We're actually signing it this afternoon.ALEC HOGG: But you've agreed.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Yes, so it's $200m – working capital finance. I've been having a problem accessing capital in Tanzania. When I got back from university, the banks were so small. Let's say the paid-up capital was $2m and the maximum they could lend you was 20 percent of that, which was $400,000.00. I realised that I wasn't going to get to where I am today, if I don't go and access proper capital so RMB, together with Nedbank City and RABO have syndicated $200m working capital. They'll finance my cotton, edible oil, cocoa beans etcetera.ALEC HOGG: It's a wonderful partnership. You've gotten it right on the continent. South Africa has capital, but unfortunately, for South Africa it seems to be exported through industries like yours. Just tell us about the latest deal that you've done in Zambia. The Chinese were involved. They've given up.MOHAMMED DEWJI: What happened there is there was big confusion because the government was in partnership with the Chinese As with many textile mills that I've taken over – in Tanzania, I have three (the one I took over in Mozambique) – these were all owned by the government. Government cannot run businesses. That's clear. They messed up, and so it accumulated huge amounts of debt. I think there was $48m debt on it. I personally went to see it. This is a huge factory. I think the government must have invested $170m to build this infrastructure. The Chinese tried to run it and some corners were cut, (nothing was said) but the thing totally failed. Because I have the experience – and when I say experience, I do ginning. I do spinning. I do weaving. I do processing, moisturising, dying, and printing. It's funny that you talk about South Africa.I came to South Africa to buy machinery for knitting that went bankrupt. I'm going into garmenting now as well, so I have the expertise. They came, and visited all my factories and saw that (a) I have the capital, and (b) I had the experience to deliver and they have a lot of cotton there. Why not value add and employ a lot of people. When I said I'm going to commit to employ 2000 people, it was amazing. They were very happy.ALEC HOGG: I wish you would talk to some people in this country because it's clear. In our country, we're saying government wants to become more involved in business, so we're just going to go through exactly the same processes that have happened everywhere else in the world.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Yes, I think we have to look at avenues and industries that create jobs. That is why I always say yes, I like making money like any capitalist does but together with that, I like to do businesses where I can employ people. I love doing agriculture because I can employ people. Our vision as a group is that by 2017/2018, we want to have a R5bn revenue business with 100,000 jobs. This is direct employment, so on our African continent, you have indirect people that benefit out of that.ALEC HOGG: They told us to go, but I need one more question. You're in the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Would you list your company here?MOHAMMED DEWJI: Yes. Currently, I'm undervalued. When I think that my valuation reaches a point where I'm satisfied, why not? This is the first place I'll come.ALEC HOGG: I look forward to it, Mohammed. Thank you. It was inspirational.MOHAMMED DEWJI: Thank you very much, sir.GUGULETHU MFUPHI: Well, that was Mohammed Dewji. He is the Chief Executive of MeTL Group.


text: Stopped there last week while on way to Texas. Snow all the way from south side of Chicago. Getting tired and saw the sign for our favorite restaurant while traveling. Wife ordered country fried steak with slaw , green beans and corn. I ordered meat loaf, green beans, corn and okra. Our meals were very good but here is the... More


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A number of players in the U.S. natural gas market do not expect the Golden Pass LNG terminal to have an immediate impact on the U.S. gas market once it comes on stream, predicting that the facility will likely be used for gas storage plays. Platts LNG Daily [subscription required] provides additional details.
Eversheds Sutherland is an international law firm helping the Fortune 100, industry leaders, sector innovators and business entrepreneurs solve their biggest challenges and reach their business goals. Dedicated to unfaltering excellence in client service, we are known for our business savvy and industry intelligence, providing creative and custom solutions for each of our clients. Industry and business experience makes the difference for our clients.
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Top Definition
the best thing on earth
'I am peeman1."
by Peeman1 July 18, 2003
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug
The Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).Buy the t-shirt


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Closeouts. Like a tie to a suit or laces to a shoe, Vintage 1946's cotton twill shorts are essential to your summer wardrobe -- unmatched in their versatility and comfort.
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Football commentators have recently developed their own unecessarily emphatic perfect tense, replacing the standard use of the preterite
Sir, More annoying than the historic present tense (letter, Jan 13) is the relatively recent construction of the historic (or footballer's) perfect, replacing the standard preterite "He went down and the ref fell for it" with the unnecessarily emphatic "He's gone down and the ref's fallen for it".
I blame A Question of Sport.
Dr John Burscough
Hibaldstow, N Lincs
Sir, A leading exponent of the device mentioned by Matthew Parris (Jan 12) was the American Damon Runyon, whose tales of Broadway gangsters in the 1920s and 1930s formed the basis for the musical Guys and Dolls.
I first encounter


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Significant Challenges
Site control A significant challenge faced by UFT was maintaining high Web site availability after migrating hosting and operations from a third-party service provider to UFTs own network.Updating the site with important news for its members often took hours, which is typical when management is performed by a third party with many different customers and priorities. All Web services now operate from redundant servers installed on-site. Page templates were designed using Macromedia Inc.s Dreamweaver, according to Bill Stamatis, UFTs Web content manager. Running Red Hat Linux, the Web servers also host Krang, an advanced open-source content management and Web publishing system. Krang provides a story and media-editing environment, letting Perl programmers customize it to control the data entered in its content editor as well as the way templates and content are brought together to build output. Krang supports the Red Hat, Debian and Gentoo versions of Linux; the Fedora Project, and FreeBSD. With Krang handling content management, the content itself resides in a MySQL database from Swedens MySQL AB. Web pages are served by Apache Software Foundations Apache HTTP Server. "Were not a [24-by-7] shop, so we needed to plan, build and test a redundant environment with automated failover to accommodate any outage," said UFTs Vigilante. Working with Plus Three LP, a technology provider specializing in solutions for labor unions, based in New York, UFT established a notification system that alerts key personnel of any Web outage and initiates automated failover to the backup servers. "We hope never to use it," Vigilante added. Choice of platforms In moving away from its static Web site and paper-based system of membership services, UFT and Plus Three crafted a three-phase approach. The key to success, according to Deirdre Hannigan, Plus Threes vice president of client services, was to move cautiously and maintain tight budgetary control. "Phase 1 was homework, learning their processes and analyzing the current technology environment," said Hannigan. "In Phase 2, we installed hardware and the Krang content management platform to relaunch the Web site. Were now in Phase 3, bringing member services, health care and teacher resources online." UFT chose Red Hat Linux, based on recommendations from both IBM and Plus Three. In contrast, Feedster followed a different path, deploying Novell Inc.s SuSE Linux on some servers and Gentoo Linux from the Gentoo Foundation Inc. on others. A startup, Feedster had no legacy systems baggagea rare luxury. UFT, with all its data residing on the AS/400, wasnt so lucky. IBM, however, offered what Vigilante considered a perfect solution, allowing the AS/400 to stay put while integrating it into the new open-source environment. IBMs Toolbox for Java and JTOpen is a library of Java classes that can be used by Java applets, servlets and applications to access AS/400 or iSeries server data and resources. The toolbox provided everything that Plus Three and UFT needed to develop communications conduits and file access. Electronic handshake As part of its goal to foster educators professional development, UFTs educational programs, in affiliation with local colleges and universities, offer a full spectrum of workshops and graduate-level courses to some 10,000 members each year. In the third phase of the project, the Web site will be the place where teachers can learn about and register for these courses. And the unions nationally acclaimed Dial-A-Teacher program, in affiliation with the New York City Department of Education, offers homework assistance to more than 60,000 public school students and parents every year. The program uses the Web site as a starting point for matching students needs with specific teachers; the goal is to make a wide range of content available in as many as 12 languages. "The Web site averages 30,000 visits per month. But the average visit length went from 30 seconds to 5 minutes," said Stamatis. "Members are downloading materials and even reading online. And now that we post news daily, weve created a compelling reason for teachers to visit and stay." In addition to being light-years more efficient than the UFTs previous paper-bound methods, the unions new interactive Web presence also conveys a friendlier persona to the organizations 150,000 members. "Theres no way the president of a union organization of our size can do a traditional reach-out to its dues-paying membership," said Vigilante. "What weve tried to do is design the site and its services to provide an electronic handshake to members. Were there all the time, and weve worked to provide immediate response or have the information they need just a click or two away." The UFT, it seems, has learned its own lessons. Technology journalist Joel Shore is based in Southborough, Mass. Next Page: Road map of Open-Source Implementation at the UFT.
Outsourced in 1997 to offload management choresa skill that did not yet exist at UFTthe site offered only static, nontransactional general content.
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The socialist leader took the oath of President of Moldova
Igor Dodon during the inauguration
During the inauguration, he pledged to maintain the neutrality of the state.
Igor Dodon took the oath of the President of Moldova, reports Radio Liberty. The ceremony was held at the state Palace in Chisinau with the participation of representatives from Russia, Belarus, Hungary and other countries.
During the inauguration he called for unity in the country and pledged to maintain a neutrality of Moldova.
Also the newly elected President addressed the thousands who disagree with the election results of people who had gathered at the Palace before the inauguration and promised that he would be the President of all Moldovans.
"The unification of both banks of the Dniester river is the main goal of my tenure. I would like to appeal to those who voted for other parties: let's go down to the barricades and unite for a better future for all of us – Moldovans, Russians, Ukrainians, Gagauz and all citizens in a single country," he stated .
He announced plans to visit Moscow and Brussels as President.
"We will build bridges to the East and the West", said Dodon.
As reported Корреспондент.neton 18 November, the CEC of Moldova has officially recognized the victory of the socialist Dodon in the presidential election. It receives more than 52 percent of the vote and his rival from the Pro-European parties the Effect and solidarity Maia Sandu nearly 48%.
Kiev has put forward a condition for continued friendship with Moldova


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The Secret DVD in Hindi
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|U.S., U.S. Territories, Canada, and Bermuda
|Rhonda Byrne, Bob Proctor, Rev. Dr. Michael Beckwith, Neale Donald Walsch, Jack Canfield
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Product Description
In its genre, the Secret has an incredibly high production quality, including editing and overall cinentaogtraphy. Featuring a stunning bevy of teachers and presenters on the Law of Attraction, 'The Secret' is not only educational, but also aspirational as its motivates people to follow their dreams and deepest desire and manifest them into reality.
It focusses on the Law of Attraction - i.e. how we can manifest, in our own lives the things we desire the most by believing in them and therefore attracting them to us. By using the principles and understanding the ideas described, people can create new opportunities for themselves to achieve their dreams. A life altering way of looking upon the one's dreams and aspirations makes it a truly significant watch. This includes writers, thinkers, doctors, physicists, business people and spiritual guides speaking on The Secret. From health and wealth, to relationships and dreams - anything that can make you happy can manifest itself through you believing in it. Even if you are investing on a variety of other life improvement techniques, this is a great and insightful resource. The Hindi edition definitely makes the movie more accessible for Indian audiences, and makes it possible to expand the Secret's directors vision of improving the lives of people around the world.
|DVD Regions
|U.S., U.S. Territories, Canada, and Bermuda
|Rhonda Byrne, Bob Proctor, Rev. Dr. Michael Beckwith, Neale Donald Walsch, Jack Canfield
|Drew Heriot, Sean Byrne, Damian McLindon, Marc Goldenfein
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|91 minutes
|TS Productions
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