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What's going on in A&E? The key questions answered
Accident and emergency (A&E) waiting times are a key NHS performance metric, and so they generate significant national interest.
The King's Fund has been at the forefront of the debate on these issues, tracking A&E performance in our Quarterly monitoring reports.
Here we look at how A&E waiting times have changed over the past few years and explore the impact of different factors, while acknowledging that the causes of the problems in A&E are complex and reflect wider pressures on the NHS and social care.
- What is the A&E standard and how is the NHS performing?
- Has the number of people going to A&E increased?
- Is the pressure on A&E mainly a result of people going to A&E when they should go somewhere else?
- Do more people need to be admitted to a hospital bed from A&E?
- Are delays in discharging patients from hospital having an impact?
- Are A&E pressures due to staff shortages?
What is the A&E standard and how is the NHS performing?
So far in 2015/16 the NHS has struggled to meet the four-hour standard, failing it every month except one (July, when the target was only narrowly met).
Four-hour standard
The NHS Constitution sets out that a minimum of 95 per cent of patients attending an A&E department in England must be seen, treated and then admitted or discharged in under four hours. This is commonly known as the four-hour standard.
In quarter three of 2015/16 (October to December 2015), the proportion of patients spending longer than four hours in A&E reached its highest level in over a decade. Nine out of ten hospitals with major 'type 1' A&E departments (as opposed to single specialty units, walk-in centres and minor injuries units – see box, right, for details) breached the standard.
With the end of 2015/16 approaching it looks almost certain that, for the second year running, the NHS will miss the standard across the year as a whole.
Although overall performance in 2015/16 against the standard has been poor, performance in December 2015 was better (with 87 per cent of patients in 'type 1' units waiting less than four hours, and 91 per cent overall) than the same month in December 2014 (for which the respective numbers were 85 per cent and 90 per cent).
Types of unit
- Type 1 A&E department – Major A&E, providing a consultant-led 24 hour service with full resuscitation facilities
- Type 2 A&E department – Single Specialty A&E service (eg ophthalmology, dentistry)
- Type 3 A&E department – Other A&E / Minor Injury Unit / Walk In Centre, treating minor injuries and illnesses
Figure 1 shows A&E waiting time performance over the past decade. From 2005-2010 the proportion of patients spending more than four hours in A&E hovered around 2 per cent – an outcome of the 98 per cent target introduced in 2000 and first met in 2005. However, since 2010, when the coalition government relaxed the target to 95 per cent, the proportion of patients waiting longer than four hours has increased.
Figure 1 also shows how performance against the four-hour standard tends to improve in the summer months. However, while performance recovered in the summer of 2015/16, it still breached the standard.
Has the number of people going to A&E increased?
For many years, the number of people attending A&E remained essentially unchanged at around 14 million a year.
In 2003/4, the number of attendances jumped – by nearly 18 per cent – to 16.5 million. This reflects the decision around this time to incorporate data relating to attendances at walk-in centres and minor injuries units (referred to as 'type 3 units' in the figures). These aimed to improve patients' access to primary care, modernise the NHS to be more responsive to patients' busy lifestyles, and offer patients more choice (Monitor 2014).
Since then, the overall number of attendances has increased significantly to 22.3 million in 2014/15, a rise of more than 35 per cent over the period. Until 2012/13, attendances in type 2 and 3 units accounted for the vast majority of this increase, with attendances in type 1 units increasing at a much lower rate.
More recently, all types of department have seen the number of attendances increase at a similar rate: between 2013/14 and 2014/15 there were increases of 3 per cent in attendances at type 1 and 3 units and 1 per cent at type 2 units (NHS England).
However, for many hospitals, the number of people who show up at A&E is not the primary problem affecting performance against the four-hour standard. In fact, so far this year, total A&E attendances for the first three quarters are slightly down from the same period last year, yet performance against the standard is worse. The seasonal trend in attendances also supports this: A&E attendances tend to be higher in the summer and lower in the winter. For example, data from the Health and Social Care Information Centre shows that in 2014/15, June and July were the busiest months for attendances with 57,100 and 56,400 per day recorded respectively, while January was the least busy month with 48,800 attendances per day. Yet performance against the four-hour standard tends to be worse in the winter (HSCIC 2016). There are various factors driving this, in particular that during the winter months there is an increase in the proportion of older people attending and in the proportion of people who need to be admitted to a hospital bed as an emergency. Older people and those waiting for admission tend to wait in A&E longer than other people (Blunt 2014), increasing the chances of the four-hour target being breached at this time of the year.
Is the pressure on A&E mainly a result of people going to A&E when they should go somewhere else?
Around 13 per cent of people who attend A&E are discharged without requiring treatment, and a further 35 per cent receive guidance or advice only (HSCIC 2016). This does not mean that all these people are attending A&E unnecessarily or could be cared for elsewhere. For example, someone who leaves A&E without being admitted may well have attended appropriately because they required treatment or assessment that only A&E could provide.
Estimates vary but a survey of 3,000 people in 12 A&E units conducted for the Royal College of Emergency Medicine found that 15 per cent could have been treated in the community; again this is not to say that they all went to A&E 'inappropriately'.
Two of the claims put forward for why people go to A&E unnecessarily are examined below.
Lack of access to GP appointments
It has been suggested that more people are attending A&E because they can't get appointments with their GP. It is difficult to pin down accurately how many people this might apply to.
However, the latest results from the GP Patient Survey show that 85 per cent of people were able to get an appointment to see or speak to someone at their GP practice, down from 88 per cent in 2011. From the latest figures, of those who couldn't get an appointment or were offered an inconvenient appointment (11 per cent), around 4 per cent reported going to A&E instead. We know that being able to obtain timely appointments is a key concern for people accessing GP services. However, data from the GP Patient Survey suggests that while there has been a slight reduction in people's ability to access their GP, there has not been a significant deterioration.
Confusion about the system, including about how to access to out-of-hours care
It has been suggested that removing responsibility for out-of-hours care from GPs (as part of contractual changes in 2004) led to an increase in A&E attendances. However, there is no evidence to support this.
Most people go to A&E during working hours, and these hourly patterns in attendances have remained largely unchanged in recent years. However, people are clearly uncertain about how to access out-of-hours care – results from the GP Patient Survey in July 2015 found that only around 56 per cent of people said they knew who to contact out-of-hours. While this is higher than 2014, it is actually lower than in previous years.
Access to other types of care out of hours (for example, district nursing care) is also important in keeping people out of hospital. We know that the number of district nurses employed by the NHS has decreased by about 36 per cent in the past five years.
The Parliamentary Health Select Committee, the NHS Confederation and many others have expressed concerns that the fragmented provision of urgent and emergency care makes the system confusing for the public. In response to these concerns, the NHS five year forward view commits to doing 'far better at organising and simplifying the system, with the aim of helping patients to 'get the right care, at the right time, in the right place' by making more appropriate use of primary care, community mental health teams, ambulance services and community pharmacies. To support this, NHS England has been undertaking a review of urgent and emergency care, and has launched 'vanguards' in eight areas of the country to pioneer new approaches to delivering urgent and emergency care services.
Do more people need to be admitted to a hospital bed from A&E?
Evidence suggests that more people are being admitted to hospital from A&E. Compared to 2011/12, in 2014/15 there were an additional 356,000 hospital admissions from A&E departments in England; a growth of 10 per cent over this period.
Admissions from A&E in the first three quarters of 2015/16 are up by almost 1.5 per cent compared to 2014/15. Though a small percentage increase, this is the equivalent of 4,705 additional people a month.
As the number of people admitted from A&E into hospital wards has increased, so have waiting times. This is because people waiting for admission to hospital tend to wait in A&E longer than people who can be treated in A&E or are discharged without treatment (Blunt 2014).
High bed occupancy rates are often associated with worsening A&E performance. In 2014/15, most hospitals were operating at bed occupancy rates above 85 per cent – the level at which the Department of Health and NHS England suggest hospitals will struggle to deal with fluctuations in demand. In the last three winters, the occupancy rate reached 90 per cent (Monitor).
In the third quarter of 2015/16, the number of people who waited in A&E departments for admission to a hospital bed (often described as 'trolley waits') for more than four hours after the decision to admit them was 9.5 per cent or more than 98,800 people. Furthermore, the year-to-date figures for 2015/16 show that there were an additional 34,950 people waiting more than four hours from decision to admit from A&E to admission to a hospital bed on a ward compared to 2014/15 (see Figure 4). However, although performance is worse for quarter three 2015/16 overall when compared to the same quarter in 2014/15, figures for December 2015/16 are noticeably better than the same month in 2014/15.
Are delays in discharging patients from hospital having an impact?
The higher number of people waiting to be admitted into a hospital bed from A&E puts pressure on beds in other parts of hospitals. This leads to disruption in the flow of patients through the hospital, including A&E.
Delays in discharging patients (known as 'delayed transfers of care') is one of the factors that drives up bed occupancy rates, preventing beds being freed up for those who need to be admitted, and adding to pressures on A&E departments.
The number of delayed transfers of care was relatively stable up until the start of 2014/15 but since then the total number of delayed days has increased by 33 per cent, reaching their highest point since 2008. There has been a particularly steep increase this year, with delayed days rising 12 per cent (equivalent to 16,030 extra delayed days) between April and December 2015.
While the majority of delayed transfers can be attributed to delays within the NHS (62 per cent in 2015/16), the proportion attributable to social care has risen recently (from 26 per cent at the end of 2014/15 to 31 per cent in the third quarter of 2015/16). This reflects pressures faced by local councils, which have seen significant cuts to their budgets in recent years. In our October 2015 Quarterly monitoring report, 88 per cent of the NHS trust finance directors who took part in our survey told us that they felt funding pressures on local authorities had had a negative impact on the performance of health services in their area.
The figure below shows the total number of delayed days per month. Our discussions with some hospital staff suggest that publicly available figures formally recorded as 'delayed transfers of care' do not fully capture the extent of the problem and that many more patients remain in hospital when they are actually well enough to be discharged.
Indeed, the Carter review suggests that, using their sample of hospitals, a more accurate number of delayed patients would be 8,500 per month and not the 5,500 as reported in the official statistics.
However, analysis by Monitor of the reasons behind A&E delays during the winter of 2014/15 suggests that delayed transfers only explained a relatively small increase (rising from around 3 per cent during the winter of 2013/14 to 4 per cent during the same period of 2014/15 – although these figures derive from the publicly available data, which is likely to be an underestimate, as noted above). On this basis, Monitor suggested that hospitals would need to address other factors as well as delayed transfers of care to ease bed occupancy rates. However, delayed transfers have increased sharply since Monitor carried out their analysis, and may now represent a greater proportion of occupied beds.
Are A&E pressures due to staff shortages?
As has been well documented, A&E departments have faced difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff.
Since 2013, Health Education England and the Royal College of Emergency Medicine have been working together to address workforce shortages in emergency medicine, with a particular focus on encouraging more medical students to choose emergency medicine as a career. Information from Health Education England suggests that the actions taken so far have had a positive impact, resulting in 98 per cent of training posts being filled, meaning fewer vacancies and more doctors.
However, staffing issues remain a significant concern. The Royal College of Emergency Medicine reports that, while recruitment into emergency medicine is now high with most first-year emergency medical training posts being occupied, problems with retention mean emergency medicine has the greatest attrition rate of any medical specialty, with almost 50 per cent of year three/four registrars resigning. While Monitor's recent analysis (2015) concluded that this did not contribute to the longer waits experienced last winter, most A&E departments are working at a very high level of activity, and there is a limit to the workload staff can undertake in the absence of additional staff without it having negative consequences on morale, recruitment and retention, performance and/or patient safety.
A&E waiting times have been increasing over time, with figures for quarter three of this year (October to December 2015) showing that the proportion of people waiting longer than four hours has reached its highest level in over a decade. Furthermore, in 2015/16 the NHS as a whole looks set to miss the standard for the second year running.
The causes of the problems in A&E, and the solutions to address them, are complex. It is often assumed that performance against the four-hour standard has deteriorated due to an increase in attendances, including by some people who could be better treated elsewhere. Although data shows that some people are discharged without treatment, this does not necessarily mean that they have attended A&E unnecessarily. However, NHS England are currently undertaking work to simplify the urgent and emergency care system in response to concerns that current provision is confusing and may be encouraging some people to use A&E as the default option.
Although attendances have increased over time, for many hospitals this is not the primary factor impacting on waiting times. A&E is in constant interaction with other hospital departments (for example, to request diagnostic tests and/or to transfer patients to beds in other parts of the hospital). A&E performance is therefore dependent on processes and capacity in other hospital departments, as well as other parts of the health and care system.
The number of people needing to be admitted from A&E into a hospital bed has increased over time, with rates tending to be highest in the winter. Those waiting for admission tend to wait in A&E longer than other people (Blunt 2014). This is particularly a problem in hospitals when the bed occupancy rate is already high as there is nowhere to put these patients. While there are a number of factors driving bed occupancy rates up, delays in discharging patients out of hospital and back into their homes or another more appropriate setting (such as social care) are a particular concern.
For an analysis of the factors behind A&E delays in 2014/15 specifically, you may also find it helpful to read Monitor's report A&E delays: why did patients wait longer last winter?
Further resources on urgent and emergency care
- Find out more about our conference on urgent and emergency care
- Watch our animation: An alternative guide to the urgent and emergency care system in England
- See all of our commentary and analysis on urgent and emergency care
- Read our Quarterly monitoring report
- Watch our animation: An alternative guide to the new NHS in England
I am very fortunate to have amazing AE staff and a fantastic CD. Got a brilliant CEO and the Board. But AE middle grade doctors shortage and Consultant shortage is killing us and our performance. When there is a shortage quality of doctors drops and cost increases. Neighbouring Trusts are trying to pouch our consultants with more pay!
It saddens me that many of Australian AE training posts are filled by UK graduates. It also saddens me that there are nearly 50% AE middle grades who are non-trainee posts. Traditionally these are filled by non-EU doctors from Indian and African countries. With the immigration changes these doctors have stopped coming to UK.
While we bust the myths let us also see what is the solution for acute shortage of AE doctors, why our trainees are happy to go to Australia but don't want to do their training in UK and let us learn lessons.
We owe it to our patients and also for our staff. If not quality will drop, cost will increase and both patients and staff will suffer.
Good afternoon
I am very sad and also somewhat resentful that doctors are going to Australia.
I am visiting my daughter in Melbourne very soon having been their for three and a half months in 2011.
I was surprised to discover how much must be spent on admin in the Australian system.As a patient with Medicare I had to either pay the total amount and then claim a large percentage back via a Medicare office or fill in many forms or or if they bulk billed then I had to pay the percentage required at the surgery.
One young Australian said he would not take his children to A@E in Melbourne as there would be too much blood??
WE do not hear of the problems in otherrcountries. I have a relation in Vancouver and she had to wait for three days on a trolley in a corridor as they did not have a bed to admit her.
I intend doing some research whilst I am in Australia to find out just exactly how it works.
I wish you all the very best.PS I was admitted to hospital as an emergency ,spent four days there and received surgery eight weeks later. Excellent all round
In response to "myth 3", I remember reading this last year:
This is an excellent paper. It is good to see a thoughtful and well set out analysis of reality addressing the myths that continue to be promoted by people who to be frank are either ill informed or manipulating the facts for political gain.
Much of what is described in this paper is common sense when looking at the impact of policy decisions, investment, geographical pressures, training and recruitment issues and inescapable demographic changes and pressures.
My experience of working in primary, acute and ambulance services at a senior level and at a more remote strategic level tells me that the vast majority of all staff go to work and do a great job with what they have and that there are a great many who are innovative and creative.
The simple fact is that this as your paper highlights a complex area with an incredible number of variables.
It is important to be realistic and honest about what is not only affordable but what is achievable taking into account all the available resources.
Well done again. Keep up the great work - busting the myths and highlighting the issues.
As a trainee about to embark on a career in the NHS, I am excited. In the coming years we have a fantastic opportunity to make the NHS even better than it already is as a fully-comprehensive health service, free at the point of delivery. We should be bold, and make the NHS as good as it can be, for everyone - it might look very different in years to come.
The 'front door' issues make the headlines, but there are untold triumphs and issues lurking beneath that do not get the political and press coverage.
We have an opportunity as clinicians to work with all stakeholders at trust and strategic level to address these issues, with the patient at the centre of the whole scenario - the QIPP savings will follow!
I too enjoy reading the Kings Fund's measured take, on what can be at times a visceral discussion about the future of the NHS, inevitably tarnished with whatever political hue one would wish - a nessecary evil in a system borne by politicians.
"nearly 40 per cent of patients who attend A&E are discharged without requiring treatment." I continue to be astounded by this statistic and fail to understand the behaviour of people who have nothing wrong with them wasting their time sitting in a A&E waiting room. What does this statement actually mean - these people needed no treatment, no reassurance, nothing? Or does it mean they were discharged directly from A&E without the need for any follow-up treatment? Please explain.
Keith, thanks for the comment/question. This stat originates from the A&E Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data and was part of the Health and Social care Information Centre (HSCIC) report: Focus on A&E.
We have taken the number used in the data sheet that accompanies the HSCIC report that says: 39% of patients were discharged with no follow-up required. So they could have consumed lots of activity before they were discharged, but with no further treatment required.
But the Focus on A&E report says that, for first A&E treatment, 34.4% of patients received guidance/advice only. So perhaps the true number of patients receiving no treatment is somewhere between the two.
I do think however that we need to be careful about how we class 'guidance only'. Though it is likely that this advice could be given in other healthcare settings, we shouldn't discount its value to patients who felt they needed to see a healthcare professional at short notice.
UK citizens have reciprocal Medicare rights in Australia
We have private and public ED's however it is common for the more electronically advanced ED's to charge overseas visitors $400 for an attendance and the you would be eligible to get some of that back from Medicare and the rest from a private insurer ( if you have taken out that level of travel insurance before you travel). Those ED's not so well resourced would likely charge the Medicare rebate only. However Australain health care is based on user pays- we pay for scripts, always GP visits, unless you go you a bulk billing clinic. This is the way it works.
There is no NHS philosophy here for those who can pay and if you are fortunate enough to be able to afford to visit Oz -you pay.
If you have a life threatening illness all bets are off and any ED will ignore all of the above and care for you- even top private ED's would not chase the dollar - if you needed heart surgery after a heart attack they would get on with it and suck it up. This is not infrequent.
TAC - transport accident commission would cover all costs if you are injured on our roads
WC - work cover would cover all costs if you got injured at work
DvA - would cover all costs if ever you out your life on the line for fellow countryman
It's different to the UK but it's not a bad system.
Do not travel and expect fish and chips- unfair. We would grill the fish and have salad and you would feel healthier afterwards.
Enjoy Melbourne- my family have enjoyed my deflection to Oz 25 years ago and on their visits to Oz have needed to utilise the services occasionally and loved it -
Advice. IF YOU PICK UP A MEDICARE CARD FROM A MEDICARE OFFICE AS SOON AS YOU ARRIVE IN THE COUNTRY- to which you are entitled - IT IS LIKELY YOU WILL BE CHARGED NOTHING IF YOU ARE SICK ENOUGH TO NEED ED. You will need to pay a copayment at the GP as everyone does. Unless you go to a bulk billing clinic.
As to why the registrars are coming- look at the case mix and skill base they get here. The days of Oz coming to practice on the POHM's is over. POHm's come here because the training model for ACEM is different and the lifestyle and attitude is wonderful for anyone.
Don't moan that they come- find out what we offer and take it back to UK
It's not surprising that newly qualified A and E doctors go abroad- the working conditions here are dreadful. Rotas are very hard, long days , maybe 9 days in a row. It's difficult to choose your area to be near your family. Holidays have to booked a year in advance, with poor HR support. Colleagues tell me how despairing they become.....we have fantastic , enthusiastic graduates then we exhaust them; they deserve better.
Just reading with some skepticism the claim that lots of nurses and doctors from the UK are filling positions in Australia...
The reverse is true. A number of representatives from UK hospitals and government agencies have been recruiting here for UK roles. The money is better in the UK and the bureaucracy problem is less.
The issues we have are globally universal:
Trauma doctors and experienced nurses are in short supply.
Growth in aged care health is growing very quickly
Trolley block is being addressed to avoid ambos being stuck at emergency departments waiting for a A&E bed.
Whats new? Every country has these problems. Doctors and nurses in Australia are paid roughly the same as in the UK if you analyse the higher living costs in Australia and purchasing power.
Sydney Australia
I find it incredulous when there is an IT system designed specifically for Emergency Departments which;
Relieves the burden on NHS Administrators and Nursing staff
Releases them to focus on caring for patients
Pays for itself quickly and then saves money
Patients love it
Directs patients to the most appropriate health provider
Is already being used by an A&E department in England for 2 years
Mr Garrod, All NHS Hospitals I have worked with in the last 15 years have had an IT System for A&E, some better than others I agree, most designed specifically for A&E departments. To suggest they don't and only the Savience System is worthwhile is tendentious to say the least
I don't understand all these "myths". Are you saying here that all these problems of delays, congestion and pressures in the A&Es and GPs don't exist? What are then the real problems affecting the A&E since all the problems known tend to be myths?
You write, "Nearly 40 per cent of patients who attend A&E are discharged without requiring treatment. This does not mean that all these patients are attending A&E unnecessarily or could be cared for elsewhere." What does that mean? Is the A&E designed for people to just stroll in and waste queue time and causing nothing to the system? How is healthcare delivered in the UK- what are the processes?
According to the Foundation trust network, there are systemic problems affecting the NHS see for example http://www.nhsconfed.org/news/2015/01/a-e-performance-indicative-of-inte...
The Foundation Trust Network also presented problems affecting the NHS and the A&E here http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmhealth/171/...
Besides there are other studies that have shown that access to GPs reduce the amount of "unwanted" A&E attendance. See for example
• Inappropriate attendance in A&E by Wise (Wise, 1997)
• Inappropriate attendance in A&E (Murphy, 1998)
• An evaluation of the reasons why patients attend a hospital Emergency Department (Land and Meredith, 2013)
• Access to primary care and visits to emergency departments in England: a cross-sectional, population-based study (Cowling et al., 2013)
• And many more studies
Are there problems within the A&E and GPs operations and within the process of healthcare delivery in the UK? Looking at the data and reports, I feel that there is. What do think? If you see only myths, what are the real problems them or is it that they don't exist?
Cowling, T.E., Cecil, E.V., Soljak, M.A., Lee, J.T., Millett, C., Majeed, A., Wachter, R.M. and Harris, M.J. (2013) Access to primary care and visits to emergency departments in England: a cross-sectional, population-based study. PloS One, 8 (6), 1-6.
Land, L. and Meredith, N. (2013) An evaluation of the reasons why patients attend a hospital Emergency Department. International Emergency Nursing, 21 (1), 35-41.
Murphy, A.W. (1998) 'Inappropriate'attenders at accident and emergency departments I: definition, incidence and reasons for attendance. Family Practice, 15 (1), 23-32.
Wise, M. (1997) Inappropriate attendance in accident and emergency. Accident and Emergency Nursing, 5 (2), 102-106.
This article has incensed me. It is lazy, out of date, misleading, patronising garbage. The 'myths' you describe are true! Please take down this rubbish.
Thanks to all those who've taken time to comment - we've now refreshed the content to reflect the latest developments and we'd welcome your views on the questions we've raised here.
Great article, sums up the situation nicely. I work on an acute ward and I wholly agree with the statement that the official number of delayed discharge patients is the tip of the iceberg. Out of 28 patients on any given day at least 5 (often more) are medically fit and are waiting on a package of care, equipment to arrive at home or just need more physiotherapy before they are fit to go home. All of these are a supply and demand issue.
We have a dedicated ward (in a separate building) for physiotherapy but it is nowhere near large enough. If it was larger, or if there were more places like it, then the flow of patients out of acute wards could be increased. The problem all comes down to money. If halfway wards for PT and OT were built than less could be spent elsewhere.
What we really need is more options for patients so they can be discharged from acute wards. More dedicated rehabilitation facilities for medically fit patients, more carers in the community, better integration with nursing homes so it is quick and easy for families to choose a home and for nursing assessments to be made, and a better supply of equipment so patients can receive care at home if they wish.
Thank goodness for the Kings Fund. some good myth-busting here. Two further questions to address:
1. How much has the non-medical advice at 111 contributed?
2. You need to look for better evidence of patients being sicker eg multiple diagnoses etc.
The last three cardiac patients I saw in the ED where I also work I discharged two home with no further treatment but they had bloods, cannulae, ECGs including monitoring and x-rays - mainly to exclude further coronary events - but technically sent home with no treatment.
I went through the article and know why A&E is in a bad situation that will get worse as emerging infections and antibiotic threat escalates.
I tried to answer some of the questions some tn years ago and so went through A&E documents, compiled a list of common presenting symptoms in GP surgery, OOH NHS Direct clinic, Private healthcare in Harley Street, RAF and Island (Isle of white) before I developing my tool called MAYA. (Medical Advice You Access). People who are compiling statistics in A&E and clinic know the documents are not clear and so the statistics are often wrong.
When I did this work, I have seen doctors diagnosis documented as snuffles, cold, flu, chesty, vomit, URTI, LRTI, UTI and all sorts of rubbish. I have also identified numerous mistakes that NHS was not happy to hear. I raised concern, informed GMC, BMA, NMC and Royal Colleges but none wanted to hear what I had to say.
The kind of work I did was not retrospective and so is accurate and likely to be helpful to resolve the crisis. Only way you can know what is going on and how to solve this problem is to start similar study and not use old data. If you want to help, why not ask doctors (clinicians) like me, who worked as staff doctors or registrars and not professors or consultants. I think Peter Gill has highlighted the problem well and Colin Powell has also suggested changes (Arch Dis Child 2013).
I am sure you will know hear more about this when I appear in the high court because I have taken legal action against NHS for harassing me for doing my duty to protect fellow human.
Please watch my video Elephant In The Room, in Youtube that explains the reasons why Emergency care and A&E in NHS is in crisis. I have also developed a solution that can help save NHS. Please leave comments and tell me I am wrong or pat me on my back and offer your support. Its the life of innocent people who access emergency care and visit hospital A&E we must think of and not NHS.
Hi Dr Garrod, please let me know who has developed this IT programme because I have shared information with the PM, Health minister after I produced a simple fridge magnet that could reduce access by 60%-80%. I have also produced an APP that could educate and keep patients away from hospital. My work is copy right and patent protected because I did not want IT companies to steal and abuse it to commercialise this programme.
The reason I am not releasing in App store is because this tool will make doctors loose control. If I don't succeed in doctors accepting my work and using to help them selves and their patients, then the I am planning to publish a book and sharing my apps.
Please note I have used the same logic approach to differentiate minor from serious illness for 30 years when I worked in major NHS hospitals. Please note I am still register and licensed to work as a doctor and GP in UK but am too scared to return to work in the NHS.
Thank you for sharing the information.
It is good to see workforce groups other than just ED Drs. Shortages or nurses, therapists and other Drs on hospital wards must impede productivity, adding time to a patients time in hospital. Has this been looked at? Similarly, what is the impact of shortages of social care staff - how has this changed over time
It's disappointing that even the King's Fund seems to struggle with what the 4 hour standard measures. It's nothing to do with waiting to be seen - it's time from booking in to either admission to hospital or discharge. The media doesn't get it, politicians don't get it - and the widely respected King's Fund doesn't get it either.
The last thing we need is scaremongering and, in this election year, we'll get enough of that from politicians without think tanks joining in.
As a hospital governor, I have been following the development of the current A&E "crisis" with interest. (I must point out that I have no medical background - I am a scientist and marketer by background.) There are clearly many contributing factors, some more important and others less important. One aspect which I feel is of special relevance is the fact that more patients are presenting with complex needs. These are mainly older patients who represent the majority of hospital admissions (two thirds). Indeed, these poorly patients are often "blamed" for the woes we are facing with an ageing population. There are several aspects to this which I think are relevant. First, these patients are going to be more complex to discharge as they are more likely to need support. Secondly, they are more likely to be readmitted within 30 days, and indeed thereafter, unless their multiple conditions are well controlled. Over the past couple of years, GPs have come under increasing pressure. In hospitals, when A&E targets are not met, there is increasing pressure to reduce length of stay. With these two scenarios, it seems to me that the focus of both groups of doctors is going to be increasingly on the single condition which caused the visit to their doctor or to the hospital. We also know that a significant percentage of readmissions are not due to the cause of the original admission. This strongly suggests to me that what is really needed is a much more holistic approach to the patient which can help to not only keep them out of hospital, but significantly improve their quality of life too. This requires more time to be spent with the patient and listening to them to gain a better understanding of their health and possibly making adjustments to their medication, self management etc. This time investment will provide a clear financial return on investment with fewer GP visits in the end and fewer hospital admissions. There is also value in the patient being looked after in hospital by a generalist who can bring in specialists as needed. This would give more continuity and would help to identify other factors that might impact on the patients health other than the specific condition they had on admission. Finally, there needs to be much more involvement of patients in managing their own conditions and involving their family/unpaid carers too, especially where they may suffer cognitive impairment. This will help ensure proper support and ensure that medications are taken properly without confusion. We need to help older people lead healthier and more fulfilling lives. In the end, any cost will be more than repaid. I believe that many of the cuts we have seen in the last three years have had the opposite effect. I would be interested in any views.
As a relatively fit 65 yr old-I am pretty fed up with the simplistic blaming of the current situation on the elderly population. I think Jeremy Hunt needs to clear up the belief that most patients attending a/e are old-this is not statistically correct-however-correctly-those that do attend often have multiple needs-the fractured neck of femur caused by uti,and poor electrolyte control ,allied with complex cardiac problems.We are,to some extent the victims of our own success,but I hear the most appalling stories of poor basic care [lack of close watching over fluid+ nutrient intake when patients eventually are admitted],and allied with the reduced mentorship of inexperienced nurses by more senior clinically trained staff[as hinted at by Mal,in the previous post],we have the makings of the "perfect storm"we we are indeed now experiencing. As for doctors going to OZ-who wouldn,t, when they can see perhaps a more optimistic future there -especially if they have children. I for one,am heartily fed up with the regular electioneering promises-no-one has sorted the NHS-and I worked 40 years at the coal front,so know what it feels like
A really good paper. There are a number of issues that affect A&E. The key being the reductions in Length of Stay ( beds get closed for effeciency) are not in praportion to the increase in acuity causing flow issues within the department. This creates difficulties in seeing patients which then impacts the environment for the clincial staff creating a negative pressure that starts eroding morale. A very vicious cycle.
Effeciencies are needed in every system but in an emergency pathway they need to be looked at by experts within the field as an entire pathway issue with ideas, suggestions and clear next steps. Am not suggesting papers here - just requesting for clearly thought through suggestions. No am not teaching a 'granny how to suck eggs' but how when a group is battling staffing issues, flow issues resulting in performance issues, change fatigue and simple exhaustion how can they see clearly and those that are not in the system can they really comment on the system??
Interesting but it would have been useful to consider why certain cohorts do turn up to AE . My sense around this is that younger people tend to use AE disportionatrly- I suspect it's cultural - like difference between a mobile phone and landlines- if I am right then GP practice in its current form probably won't be sustainable over the long term
The report is inmost parts sound with in my opinion one exception .. The back up for elderly people leaving A&E after treatment is none existent
Elderly leave with no idea on who to contact especially at weekends .
To leave a 77 year old Man to look after his74 year old wife who is in pain and inconinant where he had to nurse her 24 hours day and night so that he was at his wits end to know what to do shows how the systems and billions of pounds given are not reaching the front line.
I don't feel this article actually confronts reality at all. All the figures shown are readily available under the Freedom of information and therefore anyone could have worked out the figures.
You haven't burst the singular and most important myth. The mainstream media refers constantly to waiting times being longer and more and more people attending A&E. The government have spent many hundreds of thousands of pounds putting the message across that we require 24/7 care deliverable via A&E implying that Doctors and emergency staff are failing to pull their weight-This is not only wrong, it's an out and out lie. There's only one reason that queues are getting longer and that's because over 70 A&E departments are closing or have been closed exposing many UK residents. It's happening by stealth and as an independent charity you have let down your subscribers by not exposing the truth. A disappointing read that really could have exposed the PFI reality which is breaking the NHS!
As a registered nurse of 23 years, 16 years working in A&E depts. I have worked in 13 different A&E's, I can only offer anecdotal comments through my observations:
Community care and social care is mostly inadequate.
CCG's have very little insight into the services they commission.
The four hour target is widely manipulated and not collated by trusts as per DOH guidance.
NHS 111 is variable in quality, dependent on which company runs the contract for an area.
A&E nursing is a dying skill, now predominately occupied by pole climbing sycophants more worried about targets than emergency presentations.
It only leaves me to think that politicians of all colours are eager to sell as much of the NHS off to their rich chums, using unsustainability as the reason.
I totally agree Jackie. The closure of so many A&E's has meant the overall loss of acute admission beds. The subsequent pressure on the A&E's that remain is unsustainable. The overwhelming number of admissions to hospital via the A&E route are under the care of the on call medical team, mostly older people with co morbidities and subsequent complex care needs. The current situation of pushing too many people through a system that is under strain will lead to poor outcomes for some of the most vulnerable people.
I agree from a patient point of view the Australian system is a pain - there are some massive inefficiencies and distortions in the Medicare system BUT from a workforce point of view, unfortunately for NHS A&Es, the working conditions are much better and the standards of care are extremely high.
What's going on in A&E?
Currently working as part of a 'front door' team - I find this a great read. Currently involved with a project looking at integration across primary secondary and tertiary servives as part of Older Persons Fellowship Kings College - this gives great evidence to support this
As there appear to be too many people turning up in Accident and Emergency with trivial complaints would it not be sensible to have a rapid response team in each G.P. surgery where patients could be spoken to over the telephone and triaged to the appropriate health care professional according to priority of presenting symptoms. This might also reduce the problem of ambulance handover log jams in Accident and Emergency and free up ambulance personnel. However there would have to be a shift of resources. Furthermore hospitals should provide a discharge care plan for individuals to avoid rebound admission with the same problems further down the line.
In a many decades long career in EM I have seen and discharged many people without treatment (other than providing advice and reassurance). Good examples include the person with chest pain or symptoms that might represent stroke (whom we urge repeatedly to attend A&E). Our issues (at least on this pond side) are mainly due to the challenges of a health system poorly equipped or transformed to address the needs of the frail elderly for whom the ED becomes the default when a wheel comes off
What I do not understand is the insouciance with which the Kings Fund reports these issues.
1. If graphs of the trends in type I attendances were shown separately it would better reflect the detriorating situation.
2. The figures fly in the face of plans to dramatically reduce the level off attendances by the development of out of Hospital services.
3. The proportion of resources spent in A&e remains very small as a proportion of total. The refusal to match demand with resources seems perverse.
4. The shortages in junior and trained medical staff has been a deliberate policy to justify rationalisation.
5. little mention is made of the problems in nursing homes, social care and housing and their contribution to the problem.


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Game of Shadows: Barry Bonds, BALCO, and the Steroid Scandal That Rocked Professional by award-winning investigative journalists Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams, is a riveting narrative about the biggest doping scandal in the history of sports, and how baseball's home run king, Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants, came to use steroids. Drawing on more than two years of reporting, including interviews with hundreds of people, and exclusive access to secret grand jury testimony, confidential documents, audio recordings, and more, the authors provide, for the first time, a definitive account of the shocking steroids scandal that made headlines across the country.
The book traces the career of Victor Conte, founder of the BALCO laboratory, an egomaniacal former rock musician and self-proclaimed nutritionist, who set out to corrupt sports by providing athletes with "designer" steroids that would be undetectable on "state-of-the-art" doping tests. Conte gave the undetectable drugs to 28 of the world's greatest athletes—Olympians, NFL players and baseball stars, Bonds chief among them.
A separate narrative thread details the steroids use of Bonds, an immensely talented, moody player who turned to performance-enhancing drugs after Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals set a new home run record in 1998. Through his personal trainer, Bonds gained access to BALCO drugs. All of the great athletes who visited BALCO benefited tremendously—Bonds broke McGwire's record—but many had their careers disrupted after federal investigators raided BALCO and indicted Conte. The authors trace the course of the probe, and the baffling decision of federal prosecutors to protect the elite athletes who were involved.
Highlights of Game of Shadows include:Barry Bonds
From the Publisher
In the summer of 1998 two of baseball leading sluggers, Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa, embarked on a race to break Babe Ruth's single season home run record. The nation was transfixed as Sosa went on to hit 66 home runs, and McGwire 70. Three years later, San Francisco Giants All-Star Barry Bonds surpassed McGwire by 3 home runs in the...
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Underwood first gained public notice as the first female finalist in the Miller Lite Comedy Search in 1989.[2] She won the BET "Funniest Female Comedian on Comic View" award in 1994 and the BET Comedy Awards' Platinum Mic Viewers Choice Award in 2005.[1][3] Following her stand up success, Underwood took a number of minor acting roles including Bad Mouth Bessie in the 1998 film I Got the Hook Up, and Catfish Rita in the 2005 film Beauty Shop.[1]
Underwood was the host of BET's Comic View and executive producer and host of the limited run comedy/variety series Holla(September 2002 – January 2003).[4]
Underwood was a contributor on the nationally syndicated Tom Joyner Morning Show until June 2010 when she jumped ship toThe Steve Harvey Morning Show to be their contributor.[5][6] She briefly hosted her own radio program, "Sheryl Underwood and Company" for Radio One-owned Syndication One News/Talk and XM Satellite Radio's Channel 169 (The Power ).[7] On Tuesday nights, Underwood hosts The Sheryl Underwood Show on Jamie Foxx's Sirius Satellite Radio channel, The Foxxhole (Sirius 106)[8] In 2011, she joined the popular daytime show The Talk in its second season replacing Leah Remini.


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Vintage Trouble
03/04/13 | 8pm
Highline Ballroom
431 W. 16th St. Map
$15 advance, $17 day of show
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Vintage Trouble formed in 2010 out of the ashes of a few other bands, and not by chance, Ty Taylor (vocal) and Nalle Colt (guitar) teamed up with drummer Richard Danielson and bassist Rick Barrio Dill. They entered The Bomb Shelter Studio, recorded an album's worth of material in three days, which was intended to be demos and ended up being pressed into CDs. The Bomb Shelter Sessions became Vintage Trouble's first album. Selling it at their gigs was easy and not surprisingly so were the calls to feature their music in several commercial media.
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Freedom for Catalonia?
Catalan Nationalism, Spanish Identity and the Barcelona Olympic Games
By (author) John Hargreaves
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Freedom for Catalonia? by John Hargreaves
Book DescriptionAlthough the fight for independence by national minorities has received much attention recently, there is no study of how globalised sport in its most advanced form can help to stimulate it. This book shows how the 1992 Olympic Games raised the tension that already existed between Catalonia and Spain, from the time they were awarded to Barcelona until they opened. John Hargreaves analyses and explains the way in which the conflict developed and eventually was resolved, in terms of the special characteristics of Catalan nationalism, the nature of the new Spanish democracy and the special role played by the International Olympic Committee. This book will be relevant to academics, researchers and postgraduates specialising in nationalism and Catalan nationalism, as well as being of interest to teachers, researchers and students of political sociology, cultural studies and sports studies, and professionals working in the fields of culture, sport, recreation and leisure.
Buy Freedom for Catalonia? book by John Hargreaves from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780521586153
(228mm x 152mm x 11mm)
Pages: 192
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publish Date: 23-Mar-2000
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author John Hargreaves
Halifax, Hardback (October 2010)
A history of Halifax
Geist and Zeitgeist, Hardback (December 2002)
These six essays give us a glimpse into the mind of Hermann Broch, one of the 20th century's most original thinkers. Late in life, Broch began questioning his artistic pursuits and turned from literature to devote himself to political theory.
Freedom for Catalonia?, Hardback (March 2000)
In-depth analysis of the political and cultural impact of the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona.
Sport, Power and Culture, Paperback (September 1987)» View all books by John Hargreaves
". raises serious and urgent questions about the relationship between sport and the configurations of power in contemporary British society, and represents an overdue and welcome intervention in the field. " Stuart Hall ". richly detailed with masses of examples of what sport is and has been in our past. " City Limits.
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Near-death experiences…
We can all make the joke about having them. Some of us more than others. (I'm looking in your direction, BJ.) What makes this site Continue reading Near-death experiences…
We can all make the joke about having them. Some of us more than others. (I'm looking in your direction, BJ.) What makes this site Continue reading Near-death experiences…→
i know you're all reluctant bottoms just looking for that special someone who will let you finally give the back rub. well lay back down, Continue reading this is just totally out of control→
Got this one here. Is it over yet? by
The 2010 edition of the Galena Grinder is in the books, and let me tell you, it was a fucking awesome time. Seriously if you Continue reading Galena Grinder Race Report→
Headed off in search of adventure. Enjoy the weekend. by
Following the trip to Granby for MTB Nationals, the traveling circus of self, Dejay, and Juda returned to Boulder to wait for some license plates Continue reading The Adventure Continues→
Man, Pharmstrong can be a real douche. Watch the hockey check on an unsuspecting pedestrian. Total. Dick. Move. Thanks Burt. by
This weekend, all the MTB heavy hitters made their way to Sol Vista, Colorado for National Championships. No desrespect to all the guys and gals Continue reading 2010 MTB National Championships→
Since it's friday and it's time to get the dancing shoes on for the weekend, I thought I'd leave you with this video- it's a Continue reading Chicks on street bikes→
Mark Renshaw of HTC-Columbia, has been given le-boot today after doing a little headbutting in the final stretch. Personally, I think this punishment is too Continue reading HTC one man down→
Hate on him some more. I wanna see Chrissie 'chick' him at Kona. Lance Armstrong will turn his focus to triathlon and Ironman competition once Continue reading Lance to return to triathlon….→
Yesterday I had to drive through Butte, Montana, a city that is best known for the 1,700 foot deep whole in the ground known as Continue reading Continental Divide Trail.→


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Marina, ID: 1232806
|5' 7'' (170 cm)
|148 lbs (67 kg)
|graduate school
|Marital Status:
|never married
|Languages Spoken:
|English, Russian
|English Proficiency:
My hobby � ability to enjoy life and to take from it all the best. What does it mean, you will ask? And here it is - I love an active way of life very much and I try to do things that bring pleasure to me or to my relatives. For example, I like to play volleyball a lot � and I try to play it almost every day. I love to kick a ball � though the majority of men tells � that football it not a female business with what I'm categorically don't agree. Cinema... I simply adore it. Well, and when I`m not in a good mood - I make any knickknacks for friends or I go to the kitchen to cook something tasty. There are another hobbies - ancient castles, fortresses, churches, and also terrible secrets and legends connected with them.More About Me
Unfortunetely - I'm neither a singer, nor an actress and a long-legged blonde, and nor a doll from a cover of glossy magazines. I'm a simple girl who can really love and make a man happy. In my soul I'm an incorrigible romanticist - I like to dream, to read poems, and sometimes I write them by myself. I love wildlife and picnics with friends. I love rain. I love films very much. I am not a capricious as a little girl and I do not make scandals. I was born under the badge of a scorpion, and have absorbed in myself all the essence of its character. Poison does not flow in my veins, but it would be better not to joke with me.Ideal Relationship
I am looking for a real man who precisely knows what he wants out of life. What I appreciate in men are sincerity, care, a good sense of humour. I'd like a man to have charisma, to be capable to underline his unique person and individuality. I want to meet a person who could become a good father for my children, and a loving husband for me. I prefer men who can surprise, who knows how to win a woman's heart. I consider that a man should be strong, wise, gentle, reliable. I hope to find such a person whom I could forget about everything in the world with, whom I could speak for hours about everything and whom I can love entirely, with all his lacks. It's not important how old are you: 20 or 50 �it is important how young you're in your soul and how seriously you concern life and your dreams. I think that men are as noble wine, they only become better with time .Looking For An Age Group
20 - 52


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More than just bright, shiny cars and trucks—concepts and production vehicles—the North American International Auto Show afforded the opportunity to learn some things about product development from industry leaders. Here's some of what we gleaned...
In the C-segment, there are plenty of products built in other parts of the world and brought to the U.S. and stickered with some exceedingly low MSRPs. Chrysler is putting its flexible manufacturing and clever design capabilities to work and answering with the Caliber, a car built in the U.S. that starts below $14K.
Although there are auto applications that steel once had to itself, several of those have given way to alternatives—for now.
Nissan: Refining Design, Taking Aim at the Entry Level
TALKING SENTRAThe Sentra is the car that completes the first round of Nissan's design revival, which restarts with the introduction of the revised 2007 Altima sedan in mid-'06.
Comments on Creating the Camaro Concept
A design transformation is occurring at General Motors.
While the marque may have been blemished by recent quality problems, there is a dedication to making that badge shine with improved processes and new products.
Fast Company magazine is uncharacteristically smart and informative when it comes to the ways of work today, and so not surprisingly, its collection of business (and life) quotations, The Rules of Business, is in a class of its own.
Undoubtedly, from the point of view of Toyota Motor Sales (TMS), the most important vehicle debuted is the 2007 Camry.
Catia Enhancements Keep on Coming
While the version numbers rarely change for Catia, new releases of this venerable solids modeler come out like clockwork. Now at V5R16, it's time to see some of the latest updates.
Conceptually Speaking: A Look at What's Likely to Come
Volvo C30 ConceptWHAT IT IS: Volvo's first ever entry into the C-segment class slated to hit European showrooms late this year and arrive in the U.S. in early 2007.CLEVER FEATURES: Riding on the C1-platform shared with the European Ford Focus, Volvo S40 and Mazda3, the C30 is powered by an in-line 5-cylinder 2.4-liter turbocharged engine which delivers 260 hp at 5,500 rpm along with a 6-speed manual transmission, both of which help move the C30 from 0-60 mph in 6 seconds.IMPLICATIONS: The sporty two-door, four seater—the first vehicle to debut under the direction of Volvo's new design boss Steve Mattin—features styling cues taken from the 2001 Volvo Safety Concept Car, including the glass tailgate and tail lamp design.
ICEM's New Class A Surface Model Considered
ICEM Ltd. (Southampton, UK; www.icem.com) recently announced ICEM Shape Design (ISD), a suite of software products for creating, modifying, and validating any type of surface, from freeform to complex mechanical shapes.
Chrysler's Concepts: Design & Manufacturing Issues of the Imperial & Challenger
WHY NO EGG CRATE?Although Chrysler designers have been working hard the past several years to bring a family resemblance to the grilles, with the flying wings bold, prominent, and at the top, over an egg-crate air-inlet array beneath, that has been abandoned on the Imperial concept.
Management Lessons of the '07 Toyota Camry
Can the Camry Save Toyota?That, of course, is one of the most stupid questions ever posed, because unlike some other vehicle manufacturers, (1) Toyota doesn't need saving and (2) a large part of the reason why it doesn't need saving is because of the Camry, which has been the best-selling car in America for eight of the last nine years, including the last four years running.
Insight: Suppliers Finding Footing in Price Negotiations
The results of the latest IRN biennial survey, The Dynamics of Price Reduction Requests, have been published, and there may be cause for faint optimism among suppliers that the inter-action with their customers is changing.
EuroAuto: World Champion Renault's Preps for F1 in '06
While it may be difficult to believe after the disgraceful episode at the 2005 U.S.
Marginal: Where HOPE Is an Active Verb
On February 1, 2006, it was announced that Eleanor M.
If there is a common refrain I am hearing in Detroit these days it's "Woe is me." Everyone seems to be crying in their beer as they wonder just what went wrong to make our beloved auto industry fall apart so fast.
Dudder: Excitement? What's That?
The blood is on the walls, and the cuts have been publicized.
On Strategy: India's Tempting—But Tricky—Auto Market
India's economic progress pales when compared to China's stellar growth.
Mark Hogan has been around the automotive industry for more than 30 years, most of it spent at General Motors, where he had assignments ranging from running the automaker's Brazilian operations to heading its global e-business unit to being responsible for advance vehicle development.
Innovation Separates Suppliers
Suppliers with the ability to (1) develop innovative products that command pricing power from OEMs and (2) have the ability to develop a global manufacturing footprint capable of optimizing production in low-cost regions will prevail in the long-run.
All of the wailing and gnashing of teeth regarding the imminent demise of the Pontiac GTO is misplaced.
Microsoft System Deployed by Fiat
Fiat Auto (www.fiat.com), which has been working with Microsoft's Automotive Business Unit (www.microsoft.com/automotive) since July 2004, has launched the first product to result from this collaboration: Blue&Me, a communications and entertainment system that's primarily based on Windows Mobile for Automotive, rather than a hardware platform.
Advanced High Strength Steel Considerations
"Everyone wants to treat these materials just like other materials," Dr.
Getting auto makers to agree on an industry-wide standard can be a challenging task.
The old saying "Where the rubber meets the road" may have to be modified at some point in the not-too-distant future to "Where the carbon fiber meets the road." That's because Goodyear is deploying a carbon fiber-based insert in the outboard sidewall of its Eagle tires with ResponseEdge Technology.
In 2002, Volvo executives tasked their designers to come up with a replacement for the venerable C70, which, over its six years in production, sold 50,000 units, a respectable number for a convertible.
Belvidere Takes Chrysler Flexibility up a Notch
A few years ago, former Chrysler boss Dieter Zetsche made a bold prediction: Chrysler would become among the most efficient auto manufacturers by 2010.
Ever looked under the hood of a hybrid vehicle?
It would be hard to underestimate the importance of wheels to vehicle design.
Hitachi Develops Thin, Low-Cost RFID Chip
Imagine a world where every vehicle component—from manifolds to hinges—has an imbedded RFID chip, providing up-to-the-minute accuracy in line-side delivery.
Osram Sylvania (www.sylvania.com) is the first supplier to provide a completely mercury-free high intensity discharge lamp and ballast system.
In 1935, fictional industrialist Diet Smith, a friend of cartoon detective Dick Tracy, predicted that "the nation that controls magnetism will control the universe." The Electrodyne Co. (Batavia, OH; www.edyne.com) doesn't claim its high-energy (up to 5.0MGOe) Reance SF magnets will make dominating the universe a reality, but it does say the magnet can hold very tight radiuses without cracking, breaking, or losing any of its magnetic properties.
"The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel."—William Gibson, NeuromancerThe cyberpunk existence first posited by William Gibson in 1984 and then expanded by a number of other writers including Bruce Sterling has become more science (or factual) than fiction.
You've got one chance, so you'd better make it good.
For the past few years, "Diamond-Like Carbon" (DLC) coatings have been provided to racing engine developers—for Formula One, NASCAR, IndyCar and World Rally Championship vehicles—by the Sorevi Div. of Bekaert (Zulte, Belgium; www.bekaert.com). Now the company has launched a DLC coating called "Dylyn Plus" to reduce friction and increase the wear resistance for the camshafts of high-volume production engines.
In a single week's time in January 2006, Ford announced that it will shed 30,000 people and 14 manufacturing plants by 2012; General Motors announced that it lost $8.5-billion in 2005.


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Visual Basic - QR Code
This project was successfully completed by jared23 for $100 USD in 10 days.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Hi anjared23,
In the Excel file you find a code that accesses a web page, so that a QR code can be created.
Is important to me that I can create a QR code without interent.
If you can work out a solution with other formulas, then I would be satisfied.
I hope this is somehow feasible.
Thank you and greetings from Germany
Please let me know your offer price. Please excuse the very poor English.
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© Copyright 2017 MakeAnException. All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Poetry
This is really good, I love how both parts contrast. The last verse made me smile :D
AWWWWWW OMG this is so sweet!! This paints such a beautiful picture in my head!! I absolutely LOVE the last two lines: 'In a world of imperfections.. There's you.' Great poem! :D
Poem / Romance
Poem / Poetry
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SINOVILLE, Gauteng
walking the extra mile for a smile.
It is important to us to educate each person on road & vehicle safety. With our learners & drivers classes we …
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Krugersdorp, Gauteng
K53.co is an online testing platform, similar to that of the Department of Transport, allowing users to take unlimited free K53 learner tests. K53.co has the largest online database for testing learners, ensuring they ar…
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Pretoria, Gauteng
The K53 driving method is a set of defensive driving rules and procedures that form the basis for the driver's licence test. It is critical to follow the K53 driving method to pass your driver's test. Mzansi Driving Scho…
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Lakeside, Western Cape
We offer Beginner & Novice Motorcycle & Scooter Riding Lessons. We supply our own "auto" Scooters and "geared" Motorcycles for all Lessons. - K53 Learners License Test Prep - Traffic & Road Safety Riding Skil…
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Moreleta Park, Gauteng
This K53 DVD was designed to help South African learner drivers who cannot afford driving lessons, as well as those who are taking lessons at a registered driving school. Here you will see how to do what is necessary in …
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K53Sim is a Driving Academy with a Deference:
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Randburg, Gauteng
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Centurion, Pretoria, North, East, West, Moot, Gauteng
UR DRIVING SCHOOL IS A REGISTERED Driving School that operate in the whole of Pretoria and Centurion. Training is available 7 days per week from 07h00 to 18h00. Drivers Training will be given with our dual control vehi…
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Johannesburg, Gauteng
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Omega bestuurskool bestaan sedert 1988. Omega Bestuurskool streef daarna om gehalte diens te verskaf. Al Omega Bestuurskool se instrukteurs is tot die hoogste standaard opgelei om net die beste K53 opleiding te verskaf.B…
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Plumstead, Western Cape
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Amanzimtoti, KwaZulu Natal
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Benoni, Gauteng
Webster Driving School operates in the East Rand. Professional, friendly and qualified male and female instructors provide driving instruction according to the K53 method. We believe that the only way to deal with client…
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Moreletapark, Gauteng
My aim is to train you to become a better than average driver. I will train you to watch out for yourself as well as to negotiate others who are not supposed to possess a driver's licence. I have the knowledge and exper…
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Valhalla, Gauteng
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Sinoville, Gauteng
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Popping Dots Tights
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Super hot black tights featuring pretty little spots. Stretch waist, seamed toe. Perfect paired with the Nasty Gal Hot Child Crop Knit and the Lipstick Traces Clutch!
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Bonnye Feiock
I am all for green cleaning and saving money, But more than one guest has asked about cleaning products and want to be told that antebacterial cleaners are used and that the sheets and towels are cleaned with bleach and hot water. I compromise with a 1/2 cup of bleach with a hot/cold rinse water cycle. One guest who was watching our cleaning crew work (the guest had arrived several hours early) did not like that our cleaning lady used an unmarked spray bottle-felt she should use a commercial spray bottle with the brand in plain view. I buy the large bottle of Mr. Clean Antibacterial and the liquid is poured into the spray bottle hat is more manageable.
Jane Bell
Thanks for sharing. A lot of good ideas. You might want to check with Atlanta CDC on disinfect. 1-10 part. Chol and water kills all bacteria.
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Hey guys some stats of me and my workout experience:
Age: 21
Height: 5'10
Weight: 175lbs
BF%: within 5-6%
Experience: 7 years of lifting track and football athlete throughout high school.
I just finished up my pct a couple months ago from my first cycle which was a 10 week cycle of test e at 500mg ew. Gains were noticeable, I gained about 15 pounds and strength was phenomenal.
I am planning my second cycle currently, my goals are to add about 10 pounds of dry lean mass, and to increase my lifts by 30% or more.
Here's what I have in mind
W1-10 test e 500mg ew
W1-10 masteron e 400 mg ew.
Adex at 1mg eod
PCT: Nolva 40/40/20/20 ed
Any advice on some things to add? other than diet and rest which I tend to do very well.