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|All Music Industry Contacts - Home - Submit Song - Links - Audio Cd Mastering - Contact Us
Signed by a Record Label
Examples of our 1,000 page All Music Industry Contacts Directory
Get Signed - Increase Your Odds of Getting Signed By a Record Label
These days technology is making it much easier to put out your own music independently or get signed although it is still most artists' goal to get signed to a successful record label. In this section we will go over a few things about get signed to record labels and emphasize on A&R including how they discover new talent, what they are looking for in an artist or band and where artists go to get signed and right here you can find unique talent. Get signed and it's not as hard as it may seem as long as you have talent, drive, business sense, music contacts, unique material, a good demo package and evidence that you are getting press and get signed by promoting your music independently by doing live shows, radio play or internet downloads, get signed. Word of mouth is also a strong form of music promotion and a great way to get signed by a record label; if you cause enough of a buzz labels will take notice and you will get signed.
Get Signed! Are you a great artist looking to get signed?
Get Signed by a successful record company? All Music Industry Contacts includes over 10,000 A&R's at over 2,000 music record labels, (AMIC) also includes a widespread list of record label A&R Reps, music agents, music producers, music supervisors, music managers, radio stations.and music publishers. You can use (AMIC) to get signed by almost any label in the music business. There are many music industry contacts working for music management companies, record label companies, music publishing companies and music production companies that are looking for professional artists to get signed, you can send a presskit or a professional demo package to record labels if your trying to get signed. You have just had your CD mixed and mastered & ordered 1,000 CDs from a music manufacturer. What do you do now? you will eventually want to Get Signed by a music manager or record company! Artists & musicians these days need to take matters into their own hands and try to get signed all on their own. Get Signed! I suggest that you buy the latest most extensive music industry resource book and send demo packages to all of the most successful record label A&R people, music managers, music agents, music producers and music publishers in the music industry. Get Signed! You can get the greatest music industry resource directory called All Music Industry Contacts. Get Signed! Don't just send demo hoping that someone is going to listen to it. There are ways that you can get permission from a Record Label to send your music. It is very important to create a professional sounding demo, take studio quality 8x10 pictures & have a complete one page biography. With any product under the sun packaging is very important. Get Signed! If you are not familiar with photo shop it will definitely be worth it to hire a professional graphic designer to design your CD cover. Get Signed!
Music Industry Interveiw with Chris Blackwell
Chris Blackwell, founder of Island Records, reveals what you must do to contact A&R and Music Managers including what you should do and what you must not do – to make sure your demo or album gets heard by the decision-makers at the labels you would like to work with. Get Signed!
Get Signed! These days the most important thing you will need as a recording artist is a great website. Get Signed! Most record label A&R people, music manager, music agents, music publisher & music producers will ask you if they can check out your website instead of having you send them a demo. Make sure that your website allows visitors to listen & download your music samples. Get Signed! If you really want a record deal with a successful record company you will need to go to great lengths to promote your own music. Get Signed! I recommend that you get a professional promotion package together your self. Some record labels insist that you already have some kind of following. Get Signed! If you are going to sell your records online you should purchase one of our Artist Packages which includes your own record label webpage with your CD Cover, Biography, songs and Album for sale (you keep 100% of your music sales, and get hundreds of solicited submissions to A&R Executives, Music Producers, Music Supervisors and Music Managers. Get Signed! If you are already a seasoned recording artist or music producer you should already have a complete & mastered LP or close to it. As a professional recording artist it is your responsibility to get with music producer & complete albums. Get Signed! You should have a head start. Creating records is sometimes the least of you're A&R person's problems. So now you have your music demo, pictures, biography, a great website with pictures & audio clips. Sounds like your ready to approach music managers, a&r, music agents, music producers & music publishers. Get Signed!
All Music Industry Contacts contains all of Americas most successful record label A&R'S, managers, producers & publishers including their contact information and credits. Get Signed!
All Music Industry Contacts contains all of Americas most successful record label A&R, managers, producers & publishers including their complete contact information including updated email addresses and credits. 1,000 pages! Download PDF Music Marketing and Promotion Contacts FREE 57 Pages
Order All Music Industry Contacts "CD-Rom or Instant Download" today and we will include! 178 Music Industry Contracts, Internet Entrepreneur, $100/188 page A&R Directory and Make a Living as an Artist or Band FREE! All Music Industry Contacts Also Contains Over 418 Pages of Complete and Updated A&R Contacts!
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All Music Industry Contacts Comments/Reviews
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All Music Industry Contacts - In addition to providing you with the complete contact name, company, address, direct phone numbers and email addresses of Americas Top Music Industry Professionals! Order today and you will receive Our Next All Music Industry Contacts Update Plus 178 Music Contracts, How to Make a Living as an Artist or Band and Internet Entrepreneur FREE.
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Generate XML sitemaps, with easy exclusions. Using a simple "exclude" checkbox to your posts and pages admin pages you can control exactly w
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Homestead Motel
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Rocky Mountain National Park
We spent the night at Willow Creek Reservoir campground on the Arapahoe National Recreation Area outside of Grand Lake, Colorado close to the entrance of Rocky National Park. We are plannng to meet JT Andriola, Ruby's nephew, in Grand Lake and going on a hike together. JT lives in Golden Co. They hadn't seen each other for 4 or 5 years. We met in Grand Lake for breakfast and headed to the trail to the Cascade Falls, a 7 mile hike. It was nice to have JT with us as he is ...
Camping Near a National Disaster Zone
... the worst as we drove east through Colorado. It turns out, on the other (east) side of the continental divide, the mountains were being hammered by torrential rains. We got a little rain as we drove along but nothing like what was going on just a hundred miles to the east.
Later we crossed Muddy Pass at 8900 feet and continued to Granby, CO, stopping for lunch at a park in Craig, CO. Granby is the western gateway to ...
The Little Sister
I didn't just name this blog "the Little Sister" because I was on my way to collect Kate. That is the impression I got when I drove through Rocky Mountain NP. It was far smaller than the other giants that I had been visiting, yet received swarms of tourists due to it's proximity to Denver. To be fair the weather certainly wasn't helping, but I just didn't find the scenery quite ...
Rocky Mountain Highest
... photo." The ranger did show us a hay pile, though, and told us that earlier in the week there were a mother Marmot and her babies there, and the babies were eating the pile faster than the Pika could build it. Poor little Pika! No winter-hoard eating Marmots were in evidence today, however.
Ranger also told us a funny story about a long-tailed weasel. These are small creatures, about 18 inches long from head to tail. They live up in ...
Through the park and out to dinner
... we had a couple of hours to kill before meeting up with Tim's cousin for pizza, we headed into Boulder for a spot of Lego shopping for the kids and some good old fashioned wandering inside an air conditioned super-store. It was while shopping that we found the one item of camping equipment we had been missing all along; a mesh enclosed 11 foot by 11 foot canopy to keep the sun off, the bugs out and the rain off our heads. Oh, how we wished we had found this sooner on our ...


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Company open days
The student and practice associations of the faculty organise company open days and other events which your company can attend.
For example, study association Stylos organizes the BAU career day at the Faculty. During this event students and companies can network and participate in case studies, lectures and speed dates. BOSS, the Management in the Built Environment student association, organises the Real Estate Career Day every year. The event forms an effective link between students and companies in the real estate sector, offering both parties the opportunity to meet each other. POLIS, the Urbanism student association, organises its annual Urbanism Week, bringing together Urbanism students and professionals from the world of urban development.
More information
- Stylos: BAU career day
- Architecture: Argus
- Building Technology: BouT
- Management in the Built Environment: BOSS
- Management in the Built Environment: Forum
- Urbanism: POLIS


text: OverviewBack to top A & D Medical - LifeSource Large Display Digital Thermometer Item# :57374UPC# :093764600067 Brand:A & D Medical Large digital display.Fast and easy 60 second measurement.Reads Fahrenheit and Centigrade. Automatic last reading memory. 5 free probe covers included.LifeSource® Digital Thermometers offer fast, safe and comfortable temperature readings. The automatic last measurement memory feature allows users to easily track their temperature level. When peak temperature is reached, an audible beep indicates that measurement is complete; oral readings are obtained in as quickly as 60 seconds. In addition, the convenient automatic shut-off feature prolongs battery life.


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LeBlanc's Auto Recycling Repair & Recovery
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/legendfcmma Twitter: http://twitter.com/LegendFCMMA Official Page: http://www.legendfc.com Legend Fighting Championship (Legend) is the Asia-Pacific championship o watch video >>
www.legendfc.com --- At Legend 4, top Chinese welterweights Wang Sai and Alex Niu clashed in a three-round battle that earned Fight Of The Night honors and became an instant classic. Enjoy! Facebook watch video >>
www.legendfc.com --- In this week's Facebook poll, Legend fans voted for us to upload the SUBMISSION OF THE NIGHT from Legend 3, where Indonesia's Yohan Mulia Legowo faced off against India's Hardeep watch video >>
www.legendfc.com --- Based on this week's voting on our Facebook Fan Page, this is the video Legend fans wanted to see: at Legend 7, South Korea's "Hungry" Yang Hae Jun used superior boxing to score watch video >>
Based on your Facebook votes, here is your favorite LEGEND FIGHT FEATURING AN AUSTRALIAN FIGHTER: Adrian Pang (Australia) vs. Nam Yui Chul (Korea) from Legend FC 4. Enjoy! Facebook: https://www.face watch video >>
www.legendfc.com --- At Legend 7, Wang Sai made his case as one of China's best welterweights with an impressive display against New Zealand's always dangerous Gareth Ealey. Enjoy! Facebook: https:/ watch video >>
October was a HUGE month for AXS TV Fights! With 5 events featuring 10 Title Fights there were plenty of highlights to be found! AXS TV is your home for MMA on Friday nights, don't miss an event! Fin watch video >>
Cage Warriors 61: ?Julien Boussuge vs. Damien Brown - Amman, Jordan (December 13, 2013). watch video >>
Cage Warriors 65: Paul Redmond vs. Damien Brown - Dublin, Ireland (March 1, 2014). watch video >>


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Story Number: NNS140207-10Release Date: 2/7/2014 11:03:00 AM
By Chief Mass Communication Specialist (AW/SW) Shawn D. Graham, Center for Service Support Public Affairs
NEWPORT, R.I. (NNS) (NNS) -- The Center for Service Support (CSS) announced that retired Master Chief Machinist's Mate (SS) John M. Smith was selected as the Civilian Employee of the Year Feb. 7.
Smith credited his success with pursuing what interested him the most: education.
"Going into the education field was a natural fit for me," said Smith, who serves an instructional systems analyst at CSS headquarters in Newport, R.I. "I conducted two separate instructor tours while on active duty and taught in traditional school houses 10 years following my retirement in August 2000. I really enjoy being involved in education and training people.
"You must be passionate about the career field," said Smith. "You won't be happy if you work in a career field you hate. I didn't enjoy my first post-Navy job and that's why I transitioned back to my roots in education. It's what I enjoy and what I love to do."
Smith encourages Sailors to use the many resources provided by the Navy to pursue their interests.
"Active duty Sailors have numerous resources to help them achieve their goals," said Smith. "Use all of them and it will set you up for success in the future. Take advantage of them and it will make your career choices much easier."
Chief Machinist Mate (SW/EXW/AW) Brian Bertolino, CSS 3-M training manager cites Smith's drive and exceptional technical knowledge for his selection.
"John is an amazing co-worker said," Bertolino. "He understands all the dynamics of the curriculum and how they impact our Sailors serving in the fleet. He is an amazing leader and mentor at CSS."
Bertolino also credited Smith as a key figure in developing operational and functionality curriculum for key applications in the Maintenance Figure of Merit (MFOM).
MFOM, initially developed in 2003, standardizes how maintenance communities prioritize job requests, measures the importance of each using a numerical scale of 0-100, and provides a priority ranked Consolidated Ship's Maintenance Plan (CSMP).
"The training he's helping to develop ensures Sailors managing these systems are proficient," said Bertolino. "We will use MFOM in many of our classrooms and nearly all our ships. He has been on the ground floor in the curriculum's development. He is leaving an indelible mark on the thousands of Sailors attending our schools and learning sites. He is an integral part of the CSS team."
CSS and its learning sites provide Sailors with the knowledge and skills needed to support the fleet's warfighting mission. More than 300 staff and faculty work hand-in-hand with the fleet and are dedicated to ensure training is current and well executed on behalf of 10,000 Sailors who graduate from CSS courses annually in the administration, logistics and media communities.
For more news from Center for Service Support, visit www.navy.mil/local/css/.
For more news from Center for Service Support, visit www.navy.mil/local/css/.


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Office of Admissions
At Lander, you are our priority. As a member of a close-knit community that welcomes individual flair, you'll be known by name by peers and professors committed to your success. With study abroad experiences, intense and impactful research, more than 60 student organizations, performing arts and NCAA athletics, your Lander experience will launch you on a successful career and lifetime of learning.
Local: (864) 388-8307
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(864) 388-8125
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Mon. - Fri.: 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Check out the Lander Viewbook!


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You are here
Triple Chocolate Cherry Bars
|Chocolate fudge cake mix
|200 Gram
|Cherry pie filling
|21 Ounce
|2 , beaten
|Miniature semisweet chocolate chips
|12 Ounce (1 Cup)
|Whipped chocolate frosting
|1 Can (10 oz)
1. Heat oven to 350°F (325°F for dark or nonstick pan). Grease and flour 15x10x1-inch or 13x9-inch pan, or spray with baking spray with flour.
2. In large bowl, gently mix dry cake mix, pie filling, eggs and chocolate chips with rubber scraper; break up any undissolved cake mix by pressing with scraper. Carefully spread in pan.
3. Bake 15x10x1-inch pan 25 to 30 minutes, 13x9-inch pan 35 to 40 minutes, or until toothpick inserted in center comes out clean. Cool completely, about 1 hour. Frost with frosting. For bars, cut into 8 rows by 6 rows.
High Altitude (3500-6500 ft): Heat oven to 350°F for all pans.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 309 Calories from Fat 107
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 11 g17.3%
Saturated Fat 4.8 g24%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 28.2 mg9.4%
Sodium 165.8 mg6.9%
Total Carbohydrates 49 g16.4%
Dietary Fiber 0.72 g2.9%
Sugars 29.4 g
Protein 2 g3.6%
Vitamin A 2.3% Vitamin C 2.4%
Calcium 2.8% Iron 8.9%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Command Expert
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Key Features & Specifications
Keysight's Command Expert is FREE software that provides fast and easy instrument control in many PC application environments.
- Download Command Expert 1.6 Update 1 today!
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- Easy to find, use, and view full documentation for SCPI, IVI-C and IVI-COM commands
- Simplifies the process of retrieving measurement data from instruments


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- Description
DetailsThe exhausts SPR3 and HM2 have the same characteristics; only the intended use and the respective construction differs. Can be used for a wide range of engines, either out of the box or with modifications. Comes with aluminium rear silencer.
With E-mark.
- Additional Information
Name Exhaust Yasuni SPR3 (Aluminium) Item No. YAS805 Brand Yasuni Homologation No Homologation Yes Product Line Racing
- Reviews
- Fits to (9)
Your product goes with the following manufacturers and their models:
RK6 50cc (AM6), RR-T Enduro 50cc (AM6) - (tubular), RR-T SM 50cc (AM6) - (tubular)
MRX Enduro 50cc Pro (AM6), MRX Euduro 50cc (AM6), RR Enduro 50cc (AM6), SMX SM 50cc (AM6), SMX SM 50cc Pro (AM6), Spike 2 50cc (AM6)


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Creating tortillas that are appealing to consumers yet can withstand the stresses of manufacturing and shipping is a difficult task. Over the years, the Gum Gurus at TIC Gums have helped countless companies deliver quality tortillas to their customers.
Other Resources
Blog: Gums solve common problems in tortilla manufacturing read more
Blog: Cutting out the cracks in frozen empanadas read more
Request a Sample
Are you ordering this sample for use in an independent restaurant? Please visit our online store.


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This is a question that is supposedly coming up does anybody know how to answer this and if this is on the course?
4 stages: growth, maturity, saturation and decline; decline in business, continual growth in the the business or just maintaining it. Expand on these, but they're the main points.


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Dismiss NoticeAre you a gamer? Come join us at GameNotOver.comIf you are a gamer, then GameNotOver is your new home! Whether you are a PC, PlayStation, Xbox, Nintendo, mobile or web gamer, you will find other gamers to talk with on GameNotOver where you can get help, share reviews of the latest games and gaming technology or even wax nostalgic over the gaming days of old. Come join us and help us grow GameNotOver into a wonderful community for gamers!
NFL Draft 2012: Exclusive Interview With Florida International WR T.Y. Hilton
Discussion in 'Draft Zone' started by cowboyjoe, Apr 20, 2012.


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Vijaysar - 100 g Pouch According to Ayurveda Vijaysar is useful in the management of all metabolic disorders. It pacifies the Kapha and Pitta doshas. It is considered to help reduce the glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and may improve insulin levels. It is also found to have hypocholesteremic properties. Benefits : - May help in management of all metabolic disorder. - It may help manage healthy blood sugar level. - It may help to maintain healthy weight. - Considered to have rejuvenative properties.
Approximate Composition
- Indian Kino
Helps In
- Improper Metabolism
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- Kapha
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Recommended For
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Disclaimer: While we constantly work to ensure that the product information provided on our website is correct; however, on occasions manufacturers may change their list of ingredients. Also, the packing of the product and the materials may contain different information than that is displayed on our website. Therefore, we recommend you not to rely completely on the information that we are providing and always read the labels, warnings, and directions before you start using or consuming any product. For more information about any product, kindly contact the manufacturer.


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Why Files?: The Science Behind the News
Why Files? provides K-12 educators and students with a new story each week describing the science behind the news.
Material Type: Learning Object Repository
Technical Format: HTML/Text
Date Added to MERLOT: September 14, 2013
Date Modified in MERLOT: September 14, 2013
Submitter: J.B. Shaw
Keywords: K-12 Common Core Standards in Science, K-12 Educational Activities, K-12 Educational Resources, Science News
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Except all that still assumes that his *9V* supply was greater than 10V...More likely... counterfiet parts of junk quality and the 3.3V is shorted internally. The only other part in between is the little chip capacitor (or the artwork.)
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The metabolic rate-body size relationship suggests that the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) should be least selective among mammalian herbivores in its diet. However, selection among plant species needs to be distinguished from selection for plant parts or other features. We investigated seasonal variation in the selective utilization and dietary contribution of woody plant species, parts, and height classes to vegetation consumed by elephants in the Kalahari sandveld region of Chobe National Park, Botswana. Only 30% of 27 common woody species were moderately or highly acceptable to elephants in the wet season, increasing to more than 50% in the hot dry season. Six woody species remained mostly or entirely rejected by elephants throughout the year. Most of the browse consumed during each season came from 1 or 2 common shrub species. Leaves and leaf-bearing shoots constituted 80% of the material consumed from woody plants during the wet season, but only 45% during the cool dry season. Stem, bark, and root tissues contributed 50% of the woody plant component of the diet in the cool dry season, increasing to 94% in the hot dry season. Hence, despite their narrow selection for plant species, large size coupled with hindgut digestion enables elephants to exploit a wide range of plant parts, including fibrous stems, bark, and roots. Accordingly, elephants occupy a dietary niche distinct from browsing or grazing ruminants.
In an influential paper, Jarman (1974) suggested that larger ruminants should be less selective in their dietary choice than smaller species because they have lower nutrient requirements per unit of body mass. Furthermore, Bell (1971) pointed out that nonruminants should tolerate lower dietary quality than ruminants of similar body mass because, as hindgut fermenters, their faster digestive passage more than compensates for lowered digestive efficiency on fibrous diets (see also Janis 1976). For carnivores (Sinclair et al. 2003) and herbivorous insects (Chambers et al. 1996; Futuyma 1976), dietary selectivity is generally assessed in terms of the range of prey or host species eaten. In contrast, Jarman (1974) described how small antelope are narrowly selective for new leaves, flowers, and fruits, whereas larger ruminants accept a greater proportion of supporting stem tissues in their diets (documented in Owen-Smith 1988:86, figure 6.3). This implies that, among these mammalian herbivores, selective feeding is expressed mainly in terms of plant parts consumed, rather than the species diversity of the diet. Nevertheless, confusion still persists in the literature about how concepts relating to the breadth of the dietary niche apply to large herbivores. All consumers are selective in their dietary range in some way; the fundamental issue is which resource features govern the narrowness or breadth of diet.
According to the concepts outlined by Bell (1971) and Jarman (1974), the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) should be least selective among herbivores in its dietary range because it is a hindgut fermenter in addition to being the largest extant herbivore. Large size coupled with generalist feeding enables elephants to have a destructive effect on trees (Laws 1970; Owen-Smith 1988), potentially transforming savanna woodlands into almost treeless grasslands (Dublin et al. 1990), or monotonous shrublands (Laws et al. 1970). However, these consequences depend on the woody plant, species affected as well as the plant parts and size classes impacted.
In addition to fiber content, another factor affecting the selective utilization of plant parts and species by herbivores is the content of secondary metabolites in particular tissues. These chemical defenses can have an overriding influence on diet selection by browsers (Bryant and Kuropat 1980; Cooper et al. 1988). Larger herbivores should be better able to accommodate the diluting effect of secondary chemical contents on nutritional value than smaller ones. Furthermore, ruminants should be more capable than nonruminants of dealing with potentially toxic chemicals through degradation via forestomach fermentation (Alexander 1993). This capability is claimed to be one of the benefits promoting the origin of ruminant digestion (Langer 1988).
Our study on the diet selection patterns of elephants was conducted in a region of Botswana supporting more than 80,000 elephants within a total range of 100,000 km2 at that time (Craig 1990; Gibson et al. 1998). Dry-season concentrations near the Chobe River amounted to 4-6 elephants/km2. Vegetation in the riparian fringe and adjoining alluvial terrace had been transformed from woodland to shrubland through the feeding impacts of these elephants (Mosugelo et al. 2002). However, the Kalahari sandveld savanna stretching southward from the river had been much less affected. Vegetation growing on such nutrient-deficient soils typically shows a greater prevalence of chemical defenses than plants associated with nutrient-rich soils (Coley et al. 1985; Owen-Smith 1993; Owen-Smith and Cooper 1987b). Accordingly, we expected that selection by elephants at the plant species level would be more strongly expressed in the sandveld savanna than elsewhere. Other studies in this region on the patterns of food selection by the elephants have been restricted to the hot dry season (Stokke 1999; Stokke and du Toit 2000), or to the riparian zone (Makhabu 2005). The consequent damage caused to woody plants was assessed in riparian woodlands by Wackernagel (1993) and Teren and Owen-Smith (2010) and more broadly in northern Botswana by Ben-Shahar (1998).
The aim of our study was to establish factors governing the selective utilization of woody plants by elephants, taking into account seasonal variation. The specific questions addressed were which woody species are favored or rejected as food in particular seasons; which woody species and parts constitute the bulk of the dietary intake during each season; which plant height classes contribute most of the food consumed; and what are the implications of these patterns for vegetation changes induced by elephants? Selective neglect of certain plant species or size classes by elephants would indicate that a compositional or structural change in the woodland is a more likely outcome of the damage caused by elephant feeding activities than elimination of most of the woody plant component. Last, we consider how our findings illuminate the dietary niche distinguishing elephants from browsing ruminants.
Materials and Methods
Study site.—Our study was conducted in the northeastern section of Chobe National Park and adjoining parts of the Kasane Forest Reserve and its extension in northern Botswana (17°46′-18°15′S, 24°43′-25°15′E; see Fig. 1). Mean annual rainfall in Kasane town is about 700 mm, received mostly between November and March. Monthly temperatures range between a mean daily maximum of 35°C in October and a mean daily minimum of 10°C in June.
Vegetation in the region can be subdivided structurally between riparian fringe woodland, shrubland on the adjoining alluvial terrace, and Kalahari sandveld savanna extending southward from the river front. The sandveld woodland is characterized by Baikiaea plurijuga trees on deeper sand and Burkea africana trees on shallower sand. Other common tree species include Erythrophleum africanum, Guibourtia coleos-perma, Brachystegia boehmii, Terminalia sericea, and Pter-ocarpus angolensis. Common species in the shrub layer are Oehna pulchra, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Bauhinia petersiana, Baphia massaiensis, Combretum apiculatum, C. collinum, C. fragrans, and C. zeyheri (plant nomenclature follows Gibbs-Russell et al. 1984).
Data collection.—Observations commenced in August 1992 and ended in July 1993, thus spanning 1 full year. Three seasons were distinguished, based on rainfall and temperature patterns: wet (November-April); cool dry (May-July); and hot dry (August-October). Because of the restricted road network, sufficient direct observations on feeding elephants were obtained only in the alluvial shrubland, and only during the hot dry season when elephants concentrated within this region in adequate numbers. Hence, the results reported here are restricted to the sandveld savanna, and were gathered using plant-based observations.
Tracks of elephants crossing roads were located in the early morning, and interpreted as fresh feeding tracks if discarded plant parts had not dried out. These tracks were followed away from the road, either in the same or opposite direction to that travelled by the elephant group. The location of the 1st sample patch was selected by multiplying the fractional random number generated by a scientific calculator by 200 m, this distance approximating the maximum length of feeding track sampled. Within a 10-m radius of this initial point, each woody plant was examined for evidence of fresh feeding by elephants. Consumption of the following plant parts was recorded: leaves; shoots including terminal stems plus leaves; woody stems only; roots; bark of stems; bark of roots; fruits; and other plant parts such as flowers or fallen leaves. Grazing was not recorded because our focus was on impacts on the tree and shrub components. An additional 4 sample patches were placed systematically 50 m apart along the feeding track, on either side of the initial patch. Together these 5 patches constituted 1 feeding site.
Data analysis.—For our index of selection, we used the behavior-based measure of acceptance described by Owen-Smith and Cooper (1987b), adapted for plant-based observations. The acceptance of a food type is the proportional frequency with which it was eaten (used) when encountered. The corresponding availability measure is the frequency with which the food type was encountered along the foraging pathway. Both measures can be assessed at different scales of aggregation, from individual plants or plant parts of particular species to feeding patches or foraging sites. Fine-scale measures provide more precise differentiation of use among food types, but feeding decisions governing acceptance are not independent when plants are encountered in clusters. In these circumstances, statistical assessments need to fall back on site-based acceptance frequencies, provided these sites are sampled independently. This approach avoids some of the problems encountered in interpreting selection from ratios between proportional use and availability estimated independently: arbitrary decisions about what is effectively available within some broad foraging area; spurious divisions between positively and negatively selected food types; and unbounded upper values of such ratios (see Owen-Smith and Cooper 1987a). Acceptance frequencies take values with the range 0–1, and natural clustering of these values indicates divisions between food types that are favored (frequently eaten when encountered), neglected (rarely eaten when encountered), or rejected (never eaten when encountered—see Owen-Smith 1994; Owen-Smith and Cooper 1987b).
We calculated the availability of each woody species along the foraging pathway indicated by the elephant tracks followed by dividing the number of patches where the species was present by the total number of patches sampled. The acceptance of each woody species was calculated by dividing the number of patches where feeding on the species was evident by the number of feeding patches where the species was present. Patch-based measures were chosen for display because they differentiate the relative availability and use of more common woody species better than the corresponding site-based measures. However, we also tabulate the site-based records for each species needed for statistical assessments. Furthermore, results are presented only for species present in >10 feeding sites sampled in at least 1 season. Based on inspection of the distribution of values (see Fig. 2), plant species with patch-based acceptance frequencies >0.4 were interpreted as highly favored, those with values in the range 0.2-0.4 as moderately favored, those with values 0.001–0.2 as neglected, and those with zero acceptance as rejected.
A measure of the dietary contribution by each plant species was derived by multiplying the number of records of consumption of each plant part for that species by the product of the availability and acceptance frequency per site. This approximation was used because it was difficult to quantify objectively the actual dietary contribution by mass of the wide range of available plant species and parts. The relative dietary contribution was then calculated by dividing the dietary contribution of each species by the summed dietary contributions across all species consumed. Similar calculations were used to estimate the relative dietary importance of particular plant parts and height classes. For measures of use, 95% confidence intervals were calculated, assuming sites to be replicate samples.
Sample sizes.—In total, 27 independent feeding sites were sampled in the wet season, 34 in the cool dry season, and 60 in the hot dry season. The sites comprised 135 feeding patches in the wet season, 164 in the cool dry season, and 300 in the hot dry season.
Species acceptance.—During the wet season, 8 of the 27 sandveld tree and shrub species with adequate samples were highly or moderately favored by elephants, of which 3 species showed acceptance frequencies >0.4 and thus appeared highly favored (Fig. 2; see Appendix I, online; file can be found online at http://dx.doi.Org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-350.S1). During the cool dry season, 4 species appeared highly acceptable and an additional 6 moderately acceptable. During the hot dry season, the number of highly acceptable species increased to 8, and a further 7 species were moderately acceptable. At this time of the year B. petersiana was leafless, and appeared somewhat less acceptable than in the seasons when it retained leaves. In contrast, B. massaiensis showed its lowest acceptability in the cool dry season. The species most favored during the cool dry season was D. condylocarpon, whereas C. fragrans and Combretum elaeagnoides remained-highly favored throughout the dry season. C. zeyheri, C. collinum, and T. sericea became highly favored only during the hot dry season and were accepted much less frequently at other times of the year. All of the species that were highly favored in 1 or more seasons grow as shrubs rarely exceeding 5 m in height, except for T. sericea. Commonly available species that were completely rejected in all seasons included B. plurijuga, O. pulchra, Croton gratissimus, and E. africanum.
Dietary contribution.—During the wet season, more than 60% of the estimated dietary contribution from woody plants was constituted by B. massaiensis and B. petersiana, whereas in the cool dry season, B. petersiana and D. condylocarpon together made up almost three-fourths of the estimated dietary contribution (Fig. 3; see Appendix II, online; file can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-350.S1). In the hot dry season, B. massaiensis made up close to 40% of the estimated diet, whereas no other species contributed much more than 10%. Six woody species made up more than 90% of the estimated diet during the wet season, 4 species during the cool dry season, and 8 species during the hot dry season.
Plant part contributions.—During the wet season, leaves contributed 45% and shoots 25% to the estimated intake of plant parts by the elephants from trees and shrubs (Fig. 4). The bulk of the leaves stripped came from B. massaiensis and B. petersiana, whereas most of the shoots were provided by B. petersiana together with a range of other species. In the cool dry season, about 45% of the estimated intake of plant parts was composed of stems, followed by leaves (24%) and shoots (21%). Much of the stem component was provided by D. condylocarpon. Elephants stripped off and discarded the leaves of this species, as well as those of several Combretum spp., before ingesting the stems. The leaves and shoots consumed came primarily from B. petersiana, which also contributed the small proportion of fruits eaten at this time. In the hot dry season, stems comprised the bulk of the diet (55%), mainly from B. massaiensis, together with the bark of stems (25%) and roots (14%). Most of the root intake came from C. zeyheri, B. petersiana, Commiphora mossambicensis, and T. sericea, mostly from plants under 2.5 m in height except in the case of T. sericea. Leaves and shoots contributed only 1% each. Overall, plants 1–2.5 m in height contributed approximately 45% of the estimated diet in all seasons.
Our findings show that, at the plant species level, the elephants fed selectively on a subset of the woody species available to them in the Kalahari sandveld savanna. Approximately two-thirds of the 27 woody species that were frequently encountered by the elephants in at least 1 season were either neglected or rejected as a food source during the wet and early dry seasons when foliage remained abundantly available, including some very common species. Moreover, 40–70% of the estimated food consumption from woody plants during each season was constituted by just 1 or 2 favored and abundant shrub species. Elephants widened the range of woody plant species that they accepted for feeding during the hot dry season when little foliage remained available, but certain species remained completely rejected year-round.
From observations restricted to the alluvial terrace adjoining the Chobe River, Makhabu (2005) found that C. elaeagnoides made the greatest contribution to the dietary intake of elephants throughout the year, followed by Croton megalobotrys, which was consumed mainly during the dry season, and Dichrostachys cinerea, contributing more during the wet season than the dry season. He recorded very little use by elephants of the widespread shrub Combretum mossambi-cense and the abundant woody scrambler Capparis tomentosa. Our direct observations on elephants feeding in this region during the hot dry season showed a very similar pattern. The findings of Stokke and du Toit (2000) on plant species selection cannot be easily compared to ours because their observations covered a wider section of Chobe National Park, while being restricted to the hot dry season. In Ruaha National Park in Tanzania, Barnes (1982) recorded a similarly narrow concentration on certain woody plant species by elephants, with 2 or 3 species contributing much of the food intake during the dry season, and grasses predominating in the diet in the wet season.
For giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), the largest browsing ruminant, Pellew (1984) documented strongly positive selection for 6 woody species and moderately positive ratings for an additional 6 species in the Serengeti region when assessed year-round. None of the 20 species listed was completely rejected by the giraffe, whereas 3 woody species made up 55% of the diet of these giraffe during both the wet and dry seasons. For kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and impala (Aepyceros melampus) observed in a savanna with nutrient-poor sandy soils, 62% of 29 woody species were classified as palatable through remaining highly or moderately acceptable throughout the year, and all of the remaining species were eaten at some stage of the seasonal cycle (Owen-Smith and Cooper 1987b). The 6 woody species that were mostly commonly eaten constituted 40% of the wet-season diet of the kudus (Owen-Smith and Cooper 1989).
Restrictions on the species range of woody plants consumed by mammalian browsers have been related to the presence of plant secondary metabolites functioning as toxins or digestion inhibitors (Bryant et al. 1991). For browsing ruminants, condensed tannins appeared to be the primary chemical deterrent, and woody species with high contents of other phenolics, including hydrolyzable tannins, were readily consumed (Cooper et al. 1988; Owen-Smith 1994). In particular, species in the Combretaceae commonly show high contents of total polyphenols, but relatively little condensed tannin, in their foliage (Owen-Smith 1993). Elephants completely rejected 1 species in this family (C. mossambicense), and sometimes discarded the leaves of other Combretum species to feed on the stems. Leaves of the Combretum spp. rejected or discarded by elephants are readily consumed by browsing ruminants, including giraffe, kudu, and impala observed in the Chobe riparian region (Makhabu 2005) and elsewhere (Owen-Smith and Cooper 1987b; Sauer et al. 1982). Elephants also mostly stripped off leaves before feeding on the stems of D. condylocarpon, in the family Apocynaceae, which includes some notoriously poisonous plants. Among the species rejected by elephants, B. plurijuga and E. africanum are in the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae; however, so is B. petersiana, with highly favored foliage. Distinctions in plant species favored result in some degree of resource partitioning between elephants and browsing ruminants in the Chobe River region (Makhabu 2005).
Hence, instead of showing higher tolerance for secondary chemicals than did smaller ruminants, elephants avoided consuming the phenolic-rich leaves of many of the Combretumspp. commonly eaten by ruminants. It is unclear whether this intolerance could be due to retarded potential for detoxification in the liver as a consequence of the lowered metabolic rate associated with larger body size (Freeland 1991), or to relatively rapid digestive throughput (Clauss et al. 2003, 2007) allowing less potential for bacterial detoxification in the gut. Perhaps elephants have simply not evolved the relatively large livers typifying true browsers (Hofmann 1989) because of their lean-season dependence on plant parts defended by fiber rather than toxins.
The woody species that were highly favored by elephants in Chobe were predominantly shrubs, seldom growing taller than 5 m, and thus mostly occurring within the 1- to 2.5-m height range. Tree saplings within this size class were generally less favored (e.g., B. africana and T. sericea), or even avoided completely (B. plurijuga and E. africanum) in our study area. Nevertheless, elephants also browsed small plants of the favored shrub species under 0.5 m in height, thereby potentially suppressing growth to taller size classes by these species.
The selective concentration by elephants on certain woody plant species could potentially eliminate these favored species from the woody plant layer. However, shrubs prevalent in Kalahari sandveld typically exhibit substantial underground biomass (Childes and Walker 1987), and seemed able to withstand the leaf stripping and pruning that were the predominant forms of damage imposed by elephants, through growing back strongly during the wet season. Although no instances of tree felling were recorded at the feeding sites we sampled, elsewhere we encountered situations where localized tree felling by elephants had occurred in circumstances where food availability in the shrub layer had been reduced by fire or frost (Chafota and Owen-Smith 2009). Nevertheless, several of the most common tree species showed little or no feeding or other damage by elephants, even in the vulnerable sapling stage. Hence, this species-selective utilization by elephants is likely to engender changes in woodland composition rather than structural transformation of the sandveld savanna into open grassland or shrubland. This may be a general feature of savanna woodlands associated with nutrient-deficient soils where most woody species seem to have chemically defended foliage. The situation may be different on more fertile soils, where the Acacia species that are commonly predominant in the tree canopy incur heavy utilization by elephants (Dublin et al. 1990; Western 2007). The structure and composition of the vegetation growing on the alluvial terrace and riparian woodland adjoining the Chobe River have been radically transformed by the impacts of elephants, largely through the elimination of Acacia trees (Mosugelo et al. 2002).
Turning now to plant part use, a very different pattern emerges. Elephants consumed an exceptionally wide range of plant tissues, with almost nothing being rejected at this level when food became sparse during the late dry season. The estimated dietary intake of elephants in our study area shifted from 80% leaves or leaf-bearing shoots in the wet season to 94% twigs, bark, and roots during the hot dry season. Barnes (1982) recorded a similar pattern in Ruaha National Park, with the dietary intake of elephants shifting from 95% leafy tissues (including grasses) in the wet season to more than 50% woody tissues by the dry season and more than 80% woody tissues toward the end of this season in a dry year. We did not estimate the contribution made by grasses, which would have elevated the foliage contribution during the wet season, but probably made very little difference during the dry season. Stable isotope ratios indicated a range in the contribution of C4 grasses to the diets of elephants in different parts of Kenya from 44% at Amboseli to less than 10% year–round in other regions (Cerling et al. 2007). In Kruger Park, the grass contribution indicated by this method decreased from approximately 50% during the wet season to 10% in the southern region of the park during the dry season (Codron et al. 2006). Our impression was that elephants consumed little or no grass during the hot dry season in our study area, probably because grasses growing in the sandveld savanna were dry and hence very low in nutritional value during this period. In Ruaha, the high level of woody part intake was associated with a decline in body condition of the elephants (Barnes 1982). In contrast, the elephant population in our study region was expanding with little indication of malnutrition.
The dietary intake of the elephants in our study area and in Ruaha comprised a much broader range of plant parts than is typical of browsing ruminants in Africa, especially in the substantial contribution made by twigs, bark, and roots in addition to leaves and fruits. For giraffe, stem material amounted to less than approximately 10% of rumen contents, whereas for other African ruminants this proportion was less, even during the dry season (Owen-Smith 1988:86, figure 6.3). In contrast, moose (Alces alces) consume mostly twig tips plus the needlelike leaves of evergreen conifers during the winter period (Bergstrom and Danell 1987; Risenhoover 1989). By concentrating on stem and bark, elephants avoid the secondary chemicals that seem to be present primarily in foliage. They cope with the high fiber content in woody plant parts through rapid digestive throughput rather than high digestive efficiency (Clauss et al. 2003).
The dependence of elephants on woody tissues during the critical period of the late dry season, as well as their narrowed selection among woody plant species during the wet season and early dry season, reduces their dietary overlap with other browsing ungulates. Resource partitioning among these large herbivores may be based largely on distinct tolerances for particular secondary chemicals, with feeding by ruminants such as kudus deterred by condensed tannins (Cooper and Owen-Smith 1985; Cooper et al. 1988), but not by other forms of polyphenols prevalent in the leaves of Combretaceae (Makhabu 2005; Owen-Smith 1993). Through these mechanisms, the competitive effect of plant utilization by elephants on browsing ruminants is greatly reduced, despite the large fraction of primary production that elephants consume. Hence the negative relationship between the abundance of elephants and that of browsing ruminants reported by Fritz et al. (2002) may be more a result of this fundamental niche distinction rather than direct competitive displacement, considering in particular the distinct dry–season resources supporting these populations.
Dietary niche separation among large herbivores has been related primarily to relative proportions of grasses versus woody plants or nongraminaceous herbs consumed (Hofmann and Stewart 1972), especially during the winter or dry–season bottleneck in food availability (Owen-Smith 1997). A secondary axis has been recognized distinguishing herbaceous browsers dependent largely on leaves from frugivorous browsers consuming mainly fruits, supplemented by fallen leaves (Bodmer 1990; Owen-Smith 1997). Although commonly classified as mixed feeders along the grass–browse continuum, savanna–inhabiting elephants are distinct from all coexisting ruminants in their dependence on bark, twigs, and roots rather than foliage or fruits during lean times in the seasonal cycle. In this feature, their digestive strategy resembles that of rodents and lagomorphs, also adapted through hindgut digestion to tolerate high dietary fiber contents (Bryant et al. 1983; Fryxell and Doucet 1993), rather than grazing or browsing ruminants dependent more narrowly on foliage. Our findings reinforce Jarman's (1974) contention that niche separation among large mammalian herbivores is governed more fundamentally by differential use of plant parts than by distinctions in the plant species utilized.
We are grateful for support provided for this study by the South African Foundation for Research Development, the World Wildlife Fund Prince Bernhard Scholarship, and the University of the Witwatersrand. For granting permission to conduct the research and providing accommodation in Chobe National Park, we are indebted to the Botswana Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management. M. Clauss provided helpful comments on the manuscript. J. Bryant 1st suggested the lagomorph analogy.


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Victorville - $1,495. REDUCED ! 2300 square feet. 3 bedrooms and DEN or loft, (1 bedroom and full bath downstairs) 3 baths, living room, family room with fireplace, huge master bedroom, formal dining and large breakfast nook, lots of counter tops in kitchen and baths, walk-in pantry, mirrored and walk-in → Read More
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"While you gave her flowers, you gave me thorns. While all she did was smile, all I did is mourn. While she was so happy, I felt so blue. Because while you loved her, I was loving you."
Went to Greenhills. 2k down the drain
Stayed home since its my mom's last night before she goes home.
Woke up VEERRRYYY early. Tinkered with my PC and Kazaa whole morning!!! Went to greenhills around 2pm. My mom had to go to the parlor. I read a book in Starbucks while waiting for my mom. Met up with Kaje. Did some window shopping…aahhh pure torture. No more shopping for me muna…till the next payday!
Left for the airport around 645. We waited for my mom's luggage to be weighed since we know for a fact that she's gonna go back outside to re-pack her stuff. Laging over weight kse! Fought with the kupalest airport security guard who had the gall to tell me to move from where I was standing kse I'm not a passenger. Told him that I was waiting for my mom coz she's gonna go back out. Sagot nya na "pinapayagan na namin kayo na tumayo ng matagal kaya umuwi na kayo at nahatid nyo na nanay mo." WTF!!! Angry me: Ano ho? I'm sorry but ang akala ko public domain and airport. Di ko alam na nabili nyo na pala." HA! Stood my ground at di ako umalis. Punyeta pangalawang time na nya kong ni kupal e. The first time was when my mom first went in and she and I were talking at bigla akong pinapaalis. Told him then na wag maingay at kausap ko mom ko. Bwisit! Ang mga guards tlaga. Nagka uniform lang akala mo na sila na ang hari. When my mom went out bec nga of her baggages, syempre I had to help her naman no. So pumasok ako and he, again, blocked my way coz I wasnt a passenger daw. O sige manong kayo ang tumulong sa nanay ko mag impake and gave him the cutter and packaging tape. As soon as I did that he gave it back to me and told me to go in. KUPAL KA! Forever ka lang guard! Bwahahahaha
Haaayyy so syempre, I was too damn tired na tapos, my friend and I wanted to go to Eastwood pa for Fete De La Musique. I had apprehensions kse nga A's brother told me na he's kuya was gonna be there. Pakeng shiyet. So 10000 years later, we got to Eastwood mga 1230am na ata. Met up w some office friends and Jon's friends too. Stayed till 230. The place was jampacked. Jampacked with squatters. This was the Attack of the Squatters!! Festival des squatters!!! Had me thinking tuloy why I went there. Sayang I wanted to hear Lila sing pa naman since I heard na she's good. tsk tsk…anyways, there are some kwentos pa sana kaso I cannot e…yun pa naman yung mas juicy!
I totally love this Queer_Eye_for_the_Straight_Guy. It shown regularly in etc channel.
They're basically 5 gay men, out to make over the world — one straight guy at a time. I totally like Kyan, the grooming guy. Sayang at bading sya. He's the one beside the guy in pink (Carson).
Ted: "Is he Mr Right or is he just Mr Right Now?"
Thorm: "Do you like minimalist (interior) coz this is not, this is just bleak."
Kyan: "Look at all the shampoo and conditioner sitting in one altogether. Call me old-fashioned but I like my shampoo to be shampoo…"
Jai: "Old fashioned!"
Carson: "If she doesn't want to marry you, you get to marry one of the five of us, so it's a win-win situation."
Carson, holding tiger-striped tee: "Do you think he got this off the Lion King gift shop?"
Carson: "Where did you get this?"
John: "Erm, K-Mart?"
Carson, wide-eyed: "Don't use that kinda language on me!"
Ted: "He is a real country boy…"
Thorm: "Country bumpkin is more like the word you're looking for."
Carson, passing John a pair of sunglasses: "Put that on, just kill us, just make us wish we were Tina…"


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Estee Bedding Co, Mattresses, listed under "Mattresses" category, is located at 945 E 93rd St Chicago IL, 60619 and can be reached by 7733744714 phone number. Estee Bedding Co has currently 0 reviews.This business profile is not yet claimed, and if you are the owner, claim your business profile for free. If you are not the owner you can invite this business to join by email or by phone.Browse all Mattresses in Chicago IL. Discover census data for Chicago, IL.
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text: Forget all those touristy places in Mykonos Town, if you want authentic Greek food where local Greek people actually eat, it is here. The food is amazing (lamb chops!!). And since it isn't a tourist trap, the prices are also reasonable. We had to be one of the few people there who were tourists, which says to me it is... More


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2013 Lexus GS350 4 Door Sedan, Detailed Walkaround
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Justin & Townsend Bell (no relation) demo the 2013 Lexus GS Sports Sedan on the Rowena Loop in the Pacific Northwest, near Willamette Valley's The Allison Inn & Spa. The Loop is in Oregon's Mayer State Park, and an incredible drive that was actually shut down and controlled just for this video. The show starts and ends at our hotel, but we thought the greater car community and speed enthusiasts would really enjoy knowing about a not-to-miss road when visiting Willamette Valley, Oregon Wine Country, and our little inn!
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text: Here's How Fast AT&T's Real 4G Network Will BeBrian Barrett9/07/11 8:33am124EditPromoteGo to permalink Of all the fake, gimpy, tortoise-slow 4Gs of the world, AT&T has historically been far and away the fakest, gimpiest, tortoise-slowest. But the real-deal LTE hotness is coming soon. And as this real-life demo shows, it's going to be blazing.


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Spacious Studio
- Wifi
- Gym
- Smoking Allowed
- Pets Allowed
- Breakfast
- Parking
- Swimming Pool
Cozy studio apartment situated between Middleburg and Leesburg and a one hour drive to Washington, DC. Studio is located on lower level of owner-occupied home. Private studio has bedroom/living room area, plus open kitchen and full bath. Private entrance, parking. Queen bed and comfy sofa. Stay for a night or an extended vacation. We hope you enjoy our 13 acre slice of paradise on Loudoun County's most scenic road.Guest Access
3/4 mile nature trail Creek Fields Woods 13 acresInteraction with Guests
We are on-property, living just upstairs, and one of us is available most of the time for assistance or questions. We tend to give guests their privacy but always enjoy meeting new people.The Neighborhood
Closest store is one mile away. Just turn left on Snickersville Turnpike and you will see the store on your right. For bigger grocery needs, go to Purcellville (20 minute drive) where there is a Harris Teeter and a Giant. We are about 30 minutes from Leesburg and one hour from Washington, D.C. We will gladly give directions.Getting Around
We recommend Enterprise Car Rental in Purcellville.Other Things to Note
Please be careful on the road. It is a historic road and does not have sidewalks, and wildlife is prevalent.


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Offline-capable applications with HTML5
Without a Net
An offline cache in your browser and a bit of HTML5 acrobatics combine for interactive web applications that keep working even when the Internet connection breaks down.
Web browsers were originally simply viewers for static HTML documents. Since HTML2, browsers have had the capability to capture simple user input with forms and send it to a database on the Internet. For this to work, of course, the system must be connected to the Internet. At every disturbance of the network connection, exasperated users lose their work.
HTML5 includes some powerful features that let web applications operate offline. In this article, I introduce these offline technologies in detail. I'll also show you how to build an example application that implements an offline-capable tool for saving geo-coordinates (geolocations). This app runs on any devices that supports HTML's offline features, including Firefox (currently v14) , Opera (v12), Chrome (v21), Safari, and Internet Explorer (v9).
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OpenSUSE Site Hacked
News site for the openSUSE community falls victim to a Wordpress exploit.
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Cutting-Edge Fedora 25 Released
The Fedora project adds Wayland and Gnome 3.22


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Numbers are limited to 14 on these two small-group tours, ensuring personalized attention from a guide.
- Soak up the atmosphere on a walking tour
- Led by a local guide
- Skip the line
- All entrance fees included
- Small group ensures personal service
While the Ponte Vecchio – Florence's famous bridge – wasn't built during the Renaissance era, the Vasari Corridor, which runs inside it, was created in the mid-16th century. Hear how the corridor acted as a secret walkway through the town for the Grand Duke Cosimo I, and of the powerful Medici family who decorated its walls with expensive artwork.
Continue to Piazza della Signoria, the old neighborhood of Dante Alighieri, and admire fine examples of Renaissance architecture and statues like the Statue of Giotto outside the Uffizi Gallery. Walk around the outside of Florence Duomo and gaze at Brunelleschi's Dome – an icon of the city – as well as landmarks like Giotto's Bell Tower and Ghiberti's Gates of Paradise at Florence Baptistry.
After exploring Florence's historical center, visit the Accademia Gallery. Skip past the long wait lines with your fast-track entrance ticket, and step inside to learn about the important pieces of artwork within the gallery's walls.
Works by the Renaissance artist Michelangelo take center stage at the museum, and so your guide's commentary focuses on his masterpieces. Pass Michelangelo's unfinished sculptures – San Matteo and Prigioni – and then gasp in wonder at the gallery's undeniable centerpiece: David. Learn how the larger-than-life-sized sculpture was created using local Carrera marble, and marvel at the attention to detail that Michelangelo put into his creation.
Your tour finishes inside the Accademia Gallery after viewing David, but you can stay inside the museum to explore independently, if you wish. Rooms containing works by other Renaissance artists, like Sandro Botticelli and Andrea Orcagna, are well worth a visit.
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David di Michelangelo
- Accademia Gallery entrance fee
- Professional guide
- Headsets to hear the guide clearly
- Gratuities (optional)
- Hotel pickup and drop-off
- Food and drinks
- Confirmation will be received at time of booking, unless booked within 1 day of travel. In this case confirmation will be received as soon as possible, subject to availability
- Minimum numbers apply. There is a possibility of cancellation after confirmation if there are not enough passengers to meet requirements. In the event of this occurring, you will be offered an alternative or full refund
Cancellation Policy
If you cancel between 3 and 6 day(s) in advance of the scheduled departure, there is a 50 percent cancellation fee.
If you cancel within 2 day(s) of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee.
Traveler Reviews
Reviewed by: Laura N, September 2016
Great tour - so informative and entertaining too. The fact that it was a small group only 8 people made it a lot easier to get around the city and a much more personal experience as well. Would definitely recommend this to all first-time visitors to Florence. Even the torrential downpour half-way through didn't dampen our enthusiasm and enjoyment!
Reviewed by: Joyce H, September 2016
A wonderful way to hear about the history and visit highlights of this beautiful Rennissance city. Guide was knowledgeable and excited to share her city.


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Davide Biondini cancelled out an Omar El Kaddouri opener and Mattia Perin performed heroics as Genoa held Torino to a 1-1 draw.
Click here for the full match report. [12]
Keep up to date with the latest news and action from Spain's Primera Division with Football Espana - from the team behind Football Italia. [13]


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Consulting-Specifying Engineer 2014 Fire & Life Safety Study: Seven trends that matter to engineers
According to the data in this report, fire protection engineers are specifying systems into several key building types: office buildings, industrial/manufacturing facilities, and government/military buildings. View seven key findings and access the full 2014 Fire and Life Safety Study.
More than 350 engineers from various job functions related to fire and life safety systems responded to Consulting-Specifying Engineer's 2014 Fire and Life Safety study. The research tracks the use of fire and life safety products and systems and provides a snapshot of the engineering community's outlook on such systems. Consulting-Specifying Engineer sees the following as the seven most important high-level findings impacting the fire and life safety industry today:
- Systems specified: More than 70% of engineers responsible for decisions related to the design fire and life safety systems specify detection systems, such as fire and smoke detectors, control systems, and dampers.
- Specifications: 69% of engineering firms are consistently using open fire and life safety systems specifications in which engineering approval and/or explicit brand use is required.
- Challenges: More than 65% of fire and life safety engineers agree that the various ways to interpret regulations and codes is a critical challenge when designing systems.
- Design factors: 98% of engineers rank product quality at the top of their list when selecting one fire and life safety system over another.
- Third-party influence: The need to incorporate the design specifications from local authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) has only increased over time. 71% of projects are required to follow the conditions of AHJs, up 11% from 2013.
- Building structures: More than 55% of fire and life safety engineers specify product selections for office buildings, industrial facilities, and government buildings.
- Design value: 44% of engineering firms have specified more than $1 million in fire and life safety systems for new and existing buildings in the past 12 months.
Access the full 2014 Fire and Life Safety Study report to view additional key trends and findings.
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In the last few days, the "disturbing" infographic below has appeared on a few different career and finance sites, although I'm not sure for what purpose. The data isn't new; countless studies have demonstrated the financial and career advantages physical beauty affords. Here those studies are simply distilled into a compact visual representations of all the ways you might be screwed salary-wise if you don't look like Angelina Jolie.
Maybe it's good to know what you're up against, statistically, but I'm not convinced. The valuable part of this is the question it raises about how women are supposed to balance the self-acceptance preached at them from many directions with the desire to excel at work and maintain financial independence.
We all know that appearance affects how we're perceived -- at work and in life -- and claiming that it doesn't is either dishonest or naive. As the infographic and other research helpfully point out, any of the following have been linked to achieving and earning less:
- Not weighing 70 pounds under the average weight (as the Grindstone astutely summed this up, "that's like two Suri Cruises." It also comes out to 94.3 pounds, if you take the average American female's weight in 2002 -- 164.3 pounds, according to the CDC -- and subtract 70 pounds. At which point you are way too hungry to do any work.)
But what if you don't believe in wearing makeup -- or your skin doesn't like it? Should you wear it anyway for your job? Should you lose weight for your job? Where do you draw the line?
The most we can do with this data is use it as an incentive not to let statistics predict our lives. Why? First, there is almost always a contradicting or complicating statistic. Lots of the data the infographic pulled refers to corporate jobs, but according to the U.S. Small Business Administration's Office of Advocacy, in 2008 small businesses employed 59.7 million of the 120.9 million private sector workers in the U.S. The undesirables with their baby faces were all CEOs. (Read: You can wait until you're CEO to worry about it.) And while a study cited in the infographic showed that women who wear more makeup are more likely to get ahead, some bosses claim to think their employees wear too much makeup.
Second, there are certain aspects of yourself you can't change, like your height, and other physical attributes you can't change without enduring a lot of pain and spending a lot of money -- the symmetry and shape of your face, for instance. At some point, you have to let those things go. If you feel that succeeding at your job means reconfiguring major aspects of your appearance to look the part, it may not be the right gig for you.
Third, take a look at Fortune's list of the 25 highest paid women in business. Not all of them are conventionally pretty. I don't see any who look like they weigh 94 pounds. What they are is polished. They've figured out what they like that also looks good on them and is appropriate to their roles. Everyone can do that, and if you need some assistance in that area, there are hundreds of websites and books to help you.
To get you started, here are a few ways to beat the statistics without sacrificing your integrity:
- Smile. A study out of Rice University found that people who smile more at work are considered more trustworthy.
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AMD® A-series Accelerated Processor with AMD Radeon™ HD 7000/8000 Series Graphics
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AMD® A85X FCH (Hudson D4)
AMD® A85X FCH (Hudson D4) is designed to support up to 5GTps interface speed and PCI Express™ 2.0 x 16 graphics. It natively supports eight SATA 6Gbps ports and four USB 3.0 Ports.
AMD® Dual Graphics Technology
AMD Radeon™ Dual Graphics is an exclusive technology only available to AMD platforms. It allows AMD APUs and selected AMD Radeon™ HD 6000 series graphics cards to work together, delivering an unrivalled 3D gaming graphics quality and performance. By combining both the discrete and integrated graphics processors, gamers can now enjoy faster and smoother frame rates on any latest gaming titles.
AMD® Eyefinity Technology
Supporting multiple independent display outputs simultaneously, AMD®Eyefinity technology delivers innovative graphics display capabilities enabling massive desktop workspaces and ultra-immersive visual environments for the ultimate panoramic computing experience.
ASUS Home Entertainment Motherboard
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That contributed to a deterioration in the important UK underwriting result at CU, in contrast to General Accident, which earlier in the week surprised analysts with a small profit in the home general insurance division. Although CU said there were signs of improvement in motor policies, where rates have been under pressure for more than two years, premium income as a whole in the UK slipped 4 per cent to pounds 344m.
The main drag on first quarter profits, however, was the pound. At actual exchange rates profits rose pounds 19m to pounds 102m during the three months to March - using comparable rates the improvement would have been pounds 32m, or 46 per cent.
Shares in all the composite insurers fell yesterday after CU admitted to losing pounds 32m on its UK underwriting account, pounds 6m more than last year. Commercial Union closed 15.5p lower at 734p, while General Accident shed 13p to 944.5p. Royal Sun Alliance and GRE also eased.
Even after a much more benign winter in the US, the world-wide underwriting loss improved by only pounds 28m from pounds 99m to pounds 71m. After lower investment returns from its upfront premium income, general insurance profits rose by only pounds 3m to pounds 67m.
Other trends to emerge from CU's general insurance result included a sharp fall in thefts from commercial property, with last year's surge in computer thefts coming to an end. Fewer cars were stolen but arson, responsible for a quarter of all commercial fire claims, was significantly up on last year.
The disappointing underwriting result confirmed the continuing difficulties plaguing the industry and left analysts puzzling over the sustainability of share prices, which are currently at a large premium to net assets.
Traditionally the sector has been rated at a discount to the underlying value of its assets to reflect the inherent cyclicality of insurance underwriting but all the majors are currently valued by the stock market at up to a third more than their NAVs. CU's net asset value rose 23p in the period to 568p.
John Carter, chief executive, said the acquisition of SEV, a French life assurer, in April, meant life operations accounted for half of total group premium income. He said that proportion would rise in the future.
Life profits increased over the quarter by pounds 4m to pounds 62m, also hit by exchange rate movements. Stripping out the impact of the rising pound, life profits were 25 per cent better.
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