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Hundreds packed the sell-out event marking the start of Hackney Council's Discover Young Hackney Festival 2015
Sixteen-year-old Kali McLoughlin took the Alter Ego talent contest crown after wowing the crowd with her version of Minnie Riperton's 1974 hit, 'Loving You'
Nine acts performed in Hackney's number one talent contest, on Friday 30 January, which was hosted by Kat B (MTV Base) with performances from Jermain Jackman, Sneakbo, Timbo and Mandem on the Wall.
Young Sherlock
A new production of a contemporary dance called Young Sherlock. Led by the C-12 Dance Theatre company in collaboration with Shoreditch Town Hall, it will tell the popular story of Sherlock Holmes in dance. Young people will input in to the fuller production which will be touring the UK later in the year.
Immediate Theatre will produce a new youth drama, Hood, whereby young people will give a modern spin on the Robin Hood story with support from professional actors, directors and designers. The new play explores a dysfunctional family whose five children work together to avoid being taken in by social services.
Working Fashion
The London College of Fashion will give young people an insight in to the burgeoning fashion industry.
Parasol Unit
Young people will create visual compositions and stop animation film shorts for their portfolios and a weekend exhibition at the Parasol Unit art gallery.
23 February 2015
Hackney Live's Big Music Project a great success
Thanks to everyone who tuned in to Hackney's The Big Music Project on Friday. It was a top night. Here are a couple of photos of our performers and presenters.
6 February 2015
NEW EVENT: Music Media-2-Business Week
NEW EVENT ADDED: Music Media-2-Business Week #M2BWEEK Empowering Tomorrow's Creatives Today! Hoxton Hall and GREYWOLF Talent join forces to bring you The MusicMedia2Business Week (#M2BWEEK) over February Half Term. 16th – 19th February 2015 Hoxton Hall will play host to three days of FREE seminars open to anyone 13-19+ yrs. Drawing on…
Hackney Live
Hackney Live – Arts and Culture Online
presents Young Hackney and the Big Music Project LIVE online
Sketchbook & Animation Projects
Over two projects you will respond to British artist Katy Moran's show at Parasol Unit, to create work that will become part of a public exhibition in Hackney's leading contemporary art gallery.
Project 1
Invitation to a Voyage: creating sketchbooks of compositions from collected materials; words, images, ideas, thoughts and storylines.
Project 2
Experimental Animation: expressive and painterly animation workshops using 16mm film and stop motion techniques.
- The voice of Music Rehearsal Spaces https://t.co/FfydOlqkBG,
- Fantastic end to the work of 30 young women at the London College of Fashion http://t.co/kR91DYy6ij,
- Hackney Live's Big Music Project a great success - http://t.co/YZpyX0DPQV,

subset: commoncrawl


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Can a vegetarian person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Is this restaurant romantic?
Is this a seafood restaurant?
Does this restaurant offer highchairs for toddlers?
Is this restaurant good for lunch?
Is this restaurant good for dinner?
Is this restaurant good for dining on a budget?
Is this restaurant wheelchair accessible?
Is this restaurant good for brunch?
Can a gluten free person get a good meal at this restaurant?
Thanks for helping!
To expencive wines...prfect beef tatar, very nice sweets...nice service, you shud take your time and enyoj it!
we had pasta and beef salat, both very tasty so we had to order a cakes :) excelent! this was the first very good restaurant during our 14 days vacation.
First evening they couldn't accomodate us so we made a reservation for the next evening. We took a starter and my tuna sashimi was really good. My girlfriend had some sort of cheese on toast (yes, mozzarella and stuff) but my sashimi was much better :-)
After the starter she had the better dish with a wonderfull surf and turf...
After 20 minutes we still had no service.Not even drinks.And when we went inside they were very unpmolite.
We had just sat in on our first day of vacation to eat seafood (shrimps and sqad) .We were sat down at a reserved table....After that the waiter was amazingly upset that we only eat maincourse,and drink mineral water.We had to wait fir everything really a lot,meanwhile the restaurant was not full.
Its really a shame that a restaurant with...
The place is amazing... Very cozy Excellent service of the waiter GREAT wine but a bit toooo expensive... I had grilled crayfish (at the Manu it was shrimps ) that were double the price than my husband's dish and were not supposed to...
We enjoyed it very much but, even used to expensive restaurants... This was too much for what...
Good restaurant 😊 Nice relax 👌🏼 But I think that it could be cheaper here.. Food is good but nothing extra.. 🙄😊 I recommend to eat here levande ice-cream 👌🏼🔝 .. Staff is pleasant 😉
I have no words to describe perfection of every single plate that I tried. Everything was exactly as the waiter presented - all compliments for him.
This place is very good example of croatian coulture and tradition. In every plate and in every glass of wine you can find taste of Croatia.
I didn't expect such great and comfortable restaurant...
olive oil not top quality, fish soup with no taste and with red carrot, fish filet found 3 bones, could be better prepared but fresh so overall it was good, dessert very good, ice cream excellent. Overall, overrated restaurant, high price for the quality they offer
Excellent food: rissoto, pasta, fish, soup, cakes, ice cream...everything!
Comfortable environment.
Best stuff. Thank you 💜
Highly recommend! ❤
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


text:
gfx/thebes/GLContext.cpp:1780:16: warning: unused variable 'status'
gfx/thebes/GLContextProviderEGL.cpp:1770: warning: unused variable 'context'
gfx/thebes/GLContextProviderEGL.cpp:2168: warning: unused variable 'context'
gfx/thebes/GLContextProviderEGL.cpp:2169: warning: unused variable 'config'
Created attachment 540534 [details] [diff] [review]
Fix build warnings
For the GLContext.cpp change, I'm wondering whether the whole |fCheckFramebufferStatus(LOCAL_GL_FRAMEBUFFER)| line can be put inside an #ifdef DEBUG block, since it would seem that the call isn't required at all, since it does nothing other than check the status. Or does it still need to be called?
If the call isn't needed, is there a DebugOnly macro for the whole line (as opposed to just the variable), or do I just fall back to #ifdef DEBUG?
Thanks :-)
Joe, thanks for the quick review :-) Just wanted to double check before I mark this checkin-needed, that comment 1 didn't apply? Thanks!
Better to keep it for now.
Verified that the following files were updated in mozillla-central repository:
Is this enough to verify the fix and mark the bug accordigly (VERIFIED-FIXED)?
Thank you!
Yup, I'd say so. Setting to VERIFIED based on comment 7. Thanks!


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Battlestar Galactica actress Katee Sackhoff becomes the second member of the female Expendables movie being written by Dutch Southern. Sackhoff joins Gina Carano, who signed on last week. While there is no director in place for the film, it's pretty clear that this thing is happening whether you like it or not.
Sackhoff is best known for playing Starbuck on the recent version of Battlestar Galactica and appeared on 24, Bionic Woman and Nip/Tuck.
Variety broke the news which includes a quote from producer Adi Shankar.
"If you spend five minutes with Katee, it becomes blatantly obvious that she would pwn (sic) most male action stars."
According to Variety, "several prominent actresses affiliated with the action genre continue to circle the project," so we should expect more names to be revealed soon.
For now, sound off. Is Sackhoff a good addition to the female Expendables movie?
Follow along on Twitter @DerrickDeane and @Fandango.


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Why you comin home
- Size: 360px
- Quality: Normal
- Size: 1.25 MB 196.99 KB
This Gif entitled Why you comin home was created from the youtube video 3 years ago. It uses 12 frames per second and is displayed at 360px resolution. This animated image plays for 4 seconds, was built with normal quality and an estimated weight of 1.25 MB for download. This animation was originally created from the Riskay - Smell Yo Dick video from 00:28 to 00:32.
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text:
Depression Therapist
Jon Holmes, M.Div., M.A., L.M.F.T.
Licensed Psychotherapist
Within Driving Distance of Rancho Cordova, CA
Treating depression as a symptom provides the opportunity to examine, locate and treat the actual causes of the depression. I provide causal-based depression treatment and support care. Depression can be treated and the symptoms of depression can be alleviated with proper treatment. Depression is responsive to multiple forms of therapy and after identifying the cause of depression, targeted treatment can be applied to alleviate symptoms and restore emotional well-being.


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Studio: Huge, Vimpex
Cast: Genadij Prokov, Alex, Jay Renfro, Dominik Trojan, Lazlo Ungry, Milan Breeze, Mark Zebro, etc.
From the description it is the 9th part of why it is bad, so a little "samopal":
And then there is nothing to describe, 5 sex scenes, boys hug, undress, and gradually move to the oral, anal and then revels in the series Bare Huge Dicks no plot, we can only praise for the actors fit. Although the members here and not up to the Huge(large), but look nice anyway
Format: avi
Duration: 1:52:28
Video: 720x544, DivX 5, 1695kbps
Audio: 23kbps
File size: 1.4 GB


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news from the runway
Wilmington Air Park Now Certified at Cat IIIWilmington, Ohio – October 4, 2016 – The most recent runway in the United States to be Certified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as Category III is located at the Wilmington Air Park. The Clinton County Port Authority and LGSTX Services, Inc. received word from the FAA that the Instrument Landing System (ILS) on Runway 22R has been officially certified at Category III/E/3.
Clinton County Receives Brownfields GrantWilmington, Ohio – May 20, 2016 – The Clinton County Port Authority and the Clinton County Regional Planning Commission received word this week that the Port Authority has received a $200,000 Brownfields Assessment Grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
FAA Authorization Propels UC's UAV Work Skyward
The high-flying endeavors in unmanned aerial vehicle testing and research at the University of Cincinnati just got a new lift from the Federal Aviation Administration. This week the FAA granted UC's Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering certificates of authorization (COA) to test five types of UAVs, or drones, in Wilmington Air Park, less than an hour's drive from campus. Permission to also fly with the West Virginia Division of Forestry is still pending.
Site Selection Names Wilmington Ohio in Top Ten U.S. MicropolitansSite Selection Magazine recently announced the awards given to this years top Metropolitans and Micropolitans in the U.S. In the magazines ranking of Top Micropolitans cities of 10,000 to 50,000 people Wilmington, Ohio was named number on the Micropolitan list.
Welcome to Wilmington Air Park – Premier Aviation Business Park
Specializing In: Aviation Manufacturing, R&D, Maintenance Repair Overhaul, – Unmanned Aerial Systems, Testing, Air Cargo and Logistics
The Wilmington Air Park is an integrated Aviation and Logistics Business Park located on 1,900 acres in central Ohio. The Air Park features nearly 3 million square feet of industrial, office and hangar space. The Air Park is strategically located between Cincinnati, Columbus and Dayton, Ohio. It has easy access to I-71 and is within 50-70 miles of three international passenger-service airports. As a fully functional airport with two runways, (9,000 x 150 ft. and 10,701 x 150 ft.) and CAT III instrument approach, the Wilmington Air Park can land as large as 747-class aircrafts.
The Wilmington Air Park provides flexibility in landing schedules, plentiful aprons, on-site aircraft maintenance, Foreign Trade Zone Designation and an array of state and local incentive programs. Aerospace and cargo companies find Wilmington Air Park an ideal location to locate their business.
Ohio ranks in the top 4 states in the country for logistics. This premier aviation business park is ideally situated in the heart of an excellent infrastructure network. In addition, Ohio has the 7th largest road system in the U.S. Ohio is within 600 miles of 61% of all U.S. and Canadian manufacturing locations and is home to a diverse transportation system linking all North American and global markets.
A steady and skilled population, in the heart of Ohio's aerospace and logistics region, provides an ample workforce with a strong work ethic and a bias to logistics and transportation, warehouse and distribution, and aerospace skill sets. An abundance of universities, college and trade schools support skilled training and can offer tailored programs for employee training.
New Maintenance Repair
& Overhaul Hangar
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To receive information and updates on Wilmington Air Park Click Here


text:
- More about:
- Cambodia
- Curriculum Vitae
- Rosie Boycott
- United Nations
Khmer Rouge rejoin talks
Click to follow
The Independent Online
The Independent Online
PHNOM PENH (AP) - The Khmer Rouge ended a three-month boycott of military meetings with the United Nations yesterday in preparation for rejoining the peace-keeping process in Cambodia. Tep Khunnal, a guerrilla official, said yesterday that the Khmer Rouge had started attending the military meetings again because it felt its demands would be met. The chairman of the meetings, Lt-Gen John Sanderson, said he thought the guerrilla group had agreed to attend the meetings because it wanted to resume contact with UN peace-keepers and the other factions. But last week the Khmer Rouge attacked three villages, killing one teenager and wounding nine others, a UN spokesman said yesterday.


text:
Although we don't believe in timing the market or panicking over market movements, we do like to keep an eye on big changes -- just in case they're material to our investing thesis.
What: Shares of Nordson
So what: Fiscal first-quarter revenue of $276 million topped analyst expectations of $274.1 million in revenue. Earnings per share of $0.62 also topped estimates by $0.02.
It was second-quarter estimates that got investors really excited. The company expects to earn $0.83 to $0.91 per share, easily beating the consensus estimate of $0.77, and revenue is expected to be between $313 million and $326 million, at the high end of estimates.
Now what: Sales rose just 2% in the quarter, and next quarter's earnings will be down from last year, so I'm not quite as pumped about the earnings beat as Wall Street is today. Shares are trading at 17 times earnings, and the company will have to grow to justify that price. I'll sit out today's move and wait for a better value opportunity to jump in.
Interested in more info on Nordson? Add it to your watchlist by clicking here.


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Spinach Cheese Pancakes
|12 (Basic Variety)
|Cooked chopped spinach/Cooked finely chopped taro leaves
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Bacon rashers
|1 Medium
|2 Tablespoon
|2 Tablespoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1 Dash
|Dried mustard
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Finely grated cheddar cheese/Finely grated gruyere cheese
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
Prepare cooked finely chopped green leaves.
Chop bacon and onion and place in a saucepan and stir fry until bacon is crisp.
Remove bacon and onion, and toss with leaves.
Prepare sauce by melting butter and stirring flour, salt, pepper, and dry mustard.
Slowly stir in milk cooking over slow heat until the sauce is thick and smooth.
Stir in cheese and reduce heat. Divide leaf mixture between pancakes, allowing about 2 tablespoons each.
Place the mixture in the middle of the pancake, roll up and place on plates.
Allow two pancakes per person.
Pour cheese sauce over and serve.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 591 Calories from Fat 186
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 22 g33.5%
Saturated Fat 9.7 g48.7%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 124.5 mg41.5%
Sodium 398.7 mg16.6%
Total Carbohydrates 82 g27.4%
Dietary Fiber 3.3 g13.2%
Sugars 25.7 g
Protein 21 g41.2%
Vitamin A 61.9% Vitamin C 16.4%
Calcium 26.7% Iron 26.1%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Dennis E. Hamilton" <dennis.hamil...@acm.org>
|RE: User facing web items - IP concerns
|Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:43:48 GMT
My nosing around so far leads me to believe that this is like the response to the Facebook "relationship" question: "It's complicated." Until Facebook, I had no idea how many people said that about their relationships. Some sites have explicit CC-share-alike content, some have code that is apparently derivative of the OpenOffice.org LGPL3 base, and Sun/Oracle made a mess of the licensing used on and around the openoffice.org site, including a terms of use that defaults a permissive license that apparently not many people had ever seen or knew existed. I signed up on the wiki.services.openoffice.org wiki just the other day and I saw no indication of the terms of use, just the lame wiki copyright page. In addition, as Jean Weber points out, the on-line user documentation does have explicit copyright notices. Hmm, I haven't nosed into the forums. Or the bugzilla either. Well, it's complicated. - Dennis -----Original Message----- From: Ross Gardler [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] Sent: Saturday, June 18, 2011 10:24 To: firstname.lastname@example.com Cc: firstname.lastname@example.com Subject: Re: User facing web items Can you please clarify the legal status of the content on the forums? We've been told code is Apache licensed, but what about the content? This same question applies to the content on the user mail lists (asked about elsewhere in this thread). Ross Sent from my mobile device (so please excuse typos) On 18 Jun 2011, at 18:14, Dave Fisher <email@example.com> wrote: > > On Jun 18, 2011, at 9:33 AM, eric b wrote: > >> OOops, sorry, should read: >> >> "Can someone explain why OOo4Kids and OOoLight are missing in this list ?" > > Thanks for the reminder. > > As for explanations the Apache podling and committers are still getting organized. The project website is just there and we had our first commits in our SVN repos just last night - the website. We are waiting on Wikis. Haven't decided on Bugzilla vs. JIRA ... > > Keep watching and tell use what you need. "Patches are welcome", but we don't have much to patch yet. > > Best Regards, > Dave > > >> >> >> Regards,, >> Eric Bachard >> >> -- >> qɔᴉɹə >> Education Project: >> http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Education_Project >> Projet OOo4Kids : http://wiki.ooo4kids.org/index.php/Main_Page >> L'association EducOOo : http://www.educoo.org >> Blog : http://eric.bachard.org/news >> >> >> >> >> >
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Publication Name: London Centinel
Location: London, Middlesex
Pages Available: 170
Years Available: 1757 - 1757Learn More About This Publication
London Centinel (Newspaper) - May 11, 1757, London, Middlesex f H E, T I NUMB E R XXX. To be continued tverp T h u r s d ay, T h u r s d a y, $foy >A? r ith, 1757. $uam temere In nofmet legem fimcimus iniquam / H A T is become of the .bqafted liberty of this nation, when a fub-ordinate of the Centinel-general of* Great-Britain, is obliged to truckle to the infolence of arbitrary power ? The following petition I yelierday received from one of my deputies, who iifed to guard the temple of wit, under the great piazza, in Gosfent- Garden* / ' .7-" :V ':.-�. : .".-^v - . - - From. ;


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Grant Ingersoll <gsing...@apache.org>
|Re: Rank based on lists.
|Tue, 14 Aug 2007 19:40:44 GMT
On Aug 14, 2007, at 11:57 AM, Walt Stoneburner wrote: > Grant, > > Thanks for pointing me at the DisjunctionMaxQuery, though you're > correct, this is close but not exactly what I want. > > I think the difference lies in that it's not which subexpression had > the greater score, but that a normally lower scoring document should > get its rank elevated because it appears in the results of different > subexpressions. > > Suppose I have three queries and in each case I got the same > document back with a result of 0.000001. > > While in the context of any given query, the document in totally > insignificant. > > However, for my use case, because it showed up in all three queries, > this has substantial meaning to me, and it now becomes the most > important document. Do you know which subqueries this should happen for or is it just any three subqueries out of X number of queries? And how do you know it showed up in the three queries? Are you running the queries separately? Could you provide an example or two of your queries? > > I'd ideally like to have the union of all the query results > returned, but with my document ranked at the top. > > I'm getting this sinking feeling of post-processing a returned > Hits list. > Sounds that way to me, but maybe if you got creative you could create your own Query, but don't hold me to that. Do try to fill us in with more info on what you are doing, as there might still be a solution out there... Cheers, Grant -------------------------- Grant Ingersoll http://lucene.grantingersoll.com Lucene Helpful Hints: http://wiki.apache.org/lucene-java/BasicsOfPerformance http://wiki.apache.org/lucene-java/LuceneFAQ --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
On May 15 1993, Madonna's Fever hit number-one on Billboard's Hot Dance/Club chart in the USA. Fever was the fourth single from the Erotica album and was the b-side to Bad Girl in North America.
On May 15 1993, Madonna's Fever hit number-one on Billboard's Hot Dance/Club chart in the USA. Fever was the fourth single from the Erotica album and was the b-side to Bad Girl in North America.
On November 2 1999, the Madonna: The Video Collection 1993-99 was released on home video and DVD.
Madonna: The Video Collection 1993-99 was released as a collection of Madonna's favourite videos from 1993-1999. The collection contains 14 videos: Bad Girl, Fever, Rain, Secret, Take A Bow, Bedtime Story, Human Nature, Love Don't Live Here Anymore, Frozen, Ray Of Light, Drowned World, The Power of Goodbye, Nothing Really Matters, and Beautiful Stranger.
On July 31 1993, the fifth single from Madonna's Erotica album, Rain, debuted at #7 on the UK Singles Chart.
In Japan, a ten track Rain mini album or EP was later released to celebrate the single and the upcoming Girlie Show concerts. As usual, Australia copied the release, but eliminated the obi-strip from their pressing.
The EP included the following tracks:
Rain (Radio Remix)
Waiting (Remix)
Up Down Suite
Rain (Album Version)
Bad Girl (Extended Mix)
Fever (Extended 12″)
Fever (Shep's Remedy Dub)
Fever (Murk Boys Miami Dub)
Fever (Oscar G's Dope Mix)
Rain (Video Edit)
On March 27 1993, Madonna's Bad Girl peaked at number 36 on the Hot 100 in the USA, becoming her first single to miss the top 20 and breaking her streak of 27 consecutive top 20 hits that had begun with Holiday, in 1983.
The single remained on the chart for 11 weeks. Bad Girl performed moderately well on the Hot 100 Singles Sales and Hot 100 Airplay charts, peaking at numbers 36 and 44 respectively. It reached the top spot on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart, thanks to the remixes of Fever, which were included on the maxi single.
On January 18 1989, Madonna purchased a $3 million estate in the Hollywood Hills, Hollywood, California.
Madonna bought the gated three-bedroom house from Allen Questrom, the former president and CEO of Neiman Marcus, and sold it for $2 million during California's 1994 real estate slump.
In the music video for Bad Girl Madonna played the character "Louise Oriole" (Madonna's middle name is Louise and Oriole is a street she once lived on). The house she purchased in 1989 is located at 9045 Oriole Way, Hollywood, California.
Do you know who currently resides at this address? Tip: he might think that he's the "King of the World" in a popular boat sinking movie.
On January 16 1993, Madonna was musical guest on NBC-TV's Saturday Night Live, performing Fever and Bad Girl. She also appeared in the show's opening skit – a humorous homage to Marilyn Monroe – alongside the late comedians Phil Hartman and Jan Hooks.
Perhaps a little too into character or, more likely, a little too nervous – she managed to flub the show's signature intro tag line during the live broadcast, with the mistake being subsequently edited out of all repeated airings of the episode.
Fortunately any nervous energy quickly dissipated once Madonna took to the musical stage, where she delivered a stunningly confident and nuanced vocal performance backed by an equally impressive new band (which included several members that would be recruited for her Girlie Show tour later in the year). It was Madonna's only live performance of Bad Girl to date, and despite many appearances on SNL, her only inclusion as featured musical guest.
The episode was hosted by Harvey Keitel, who was only weeks away from working with Madonna again in the film Dangerous Game (then known as Snake Eyes) which began shooting in February.
Would you like to see Madonna return to SNL as musical guest?
On January 12 1993, filming began for Madonna's Bad Girl music video. The video was directed by David Fincher and shot on location in New York City between January 12 and 18.
Besides Christopher Walken, the video also featured appearances by actors Mark Margolis, Tomas Arana, Rob Campbell, James Rebhorn, and an uncredited cameo appearance from Matt Dillon, who plays a crime scene detective.
I don't want to cause you any pain
But I love you just the same
And you'll always be my baby
In my heart I know we've come apart
And I don't know where to start
What can I do, I don't wanna feel blue
Bad girl drunk by six
Kissing someone else's lips
Smoked too many cigarettes today
I'm not happy when I act this way
Bad girl drunk by six
Kissing some kind stranger's lips
Smoked too many cigarettes today
I'm not happy, I'm not happy


text:
Sorry, but being on "my side" of a political issue does not give you carte blanche to be a creepy fucking horrible human being.
Case in point, Virginia Democrat Mike Dickinson putting out a "bounty" for naked pictures of a nineteen-year-old woman on the right.
Granted, he appears to barely be a "Democrat," not having made the ballot or gotten any party support, but there's no fucking excuse for this behavior.
(And there wouldn't be even if the woman in question were older, of course; but there's an extra layer of creepiness due to her age.)


text:
A Mouth-Watering Prospect: Salivation to Material Reward
The term "hunger" and terms referring to its physiological correlates, notably "salivation," are used to refer to desire for material rewards across languages and cultures. Is such usage is "merely metaphorical," or can exposure to material reward cues evoke a salivary response? Results of an experiment show that individuals salivate to money when induced to experience a low power state but not when induced to experience a high power state. A second experiment shows that men salivate to sports cars when primed with a mating goal but not in a control condition. These findings suggest that salivary secretion is stimulated by material rewards in the presence of a highly active goal to obtain the rewards and that the motivation to acquire material rewards might more closely resemble physiological hunger than previously assumed. Implications for material addictions and decision making and directions for future research are discussed.
Although, from a biological perspective, hunger is a physiological drive state directing an organism to food, the term "hunger" is used metaphorically across languages and cultures to express desire more generally (Gibbs, Costa Lima, and Francozo 2003; Lakoff and Johnson 1999). Furthermore, in English and other languages, metaphorical expressions referring to physiological correlates of hunger and craving to express desire for nonbiological incentives are common in everyday language, most notably in the case of salivation, such as the notion of a "mouth-watering prospect," or of "salivating at the sight of a new sports car" (Gibbs et al. 2003; Lakoff and Johnson 1999). An intriguing question that arises is whether such language is merely metaphorical or whether a visceral, hunger-like physiological process might, indeed, be involved in the motivational drive to acquire material rewards.
In the present research, I examine this question by testing whether material rewards can elicit salivation. Salivation is one of several physiological events, including increased gastric motility and the secretion of gastric enzymes, that play a specific functional role in digestion and that are activated as part of the cephalic phase response (i.e., the anticipatory phase of digestion; Lashley 1916; Pavlov 1927; Winsor 1930; Wooley and Wooley 1973). Moreover, salivary secretion depends on the motivation to acquire food, with research showing that salivation to food-related cues correlates with hunger (operationalized as duration of food deprivation) in both animals (Finch 1938; Pavlov 1927) and humans (Wooley and Wooley 1973). Importantly, salivation is not ordinarily under conscious control (Lashley 1916; Winsor 1930). Thus, if salivation is stimulated by material rewards, it might suggest that the motivation to acquire artificial incentives parallels a visceral, hunger-like drive more closely than previously assumed.
I first discuss relevant prior research on the involvement of the motivational system in the acquisition of artificial rewards and then describe the experiments that I performed. Afterward, I discuss possible interpretations and implications of the findings and directions for future research.
Animals' survival depends on their ability to identify and approach stimuli with reward value in the environment. This process involves making associations between external cues and internal representations of value. Whereas this ability likely emerged in order to propel animals toward natural incentives, such as food, water, and sex, research shows that the neural reward system plays a similar role in the pursuit of artificial reinforcers, as in the pursuit of natural incentives. In particular, research in animals has indicated that common neural pathways underlie the motivation and reward systems for food and addictive drugs (Volkow and Wise 2005). Both food- and drug-related cues elicit activation of the same neural systems associated with reward in cortico-striatal-hypothalamic circuits (Brody et al. 2002; Childress et al. 1999). Moreover, food and drug cues have been shown to lead to similar gene expression patterns (i.e., patterns of information that genes transmit) in the activated areas (Kelley, Schiltz, and Landry 2005). Suggestive evidence of a common neural reward system underlying food and drug reward also comes from research on drug cessation in people: quitting cocaine (Brodie, Figueroa, and Dewey 2003) and quitting smoking (Lerman et al. 2004; Stamford et al. 1986) have been shown to lead to substantial weight gain, with evidence suggesting an increase in the value of food reward following smoking cessation (Lerman et al. 2004).
Recent brain imaging studies in people have also shown that nonbiological reinforcers, such as money (Breiter et al. 2001; Knutson et al. 2001; Pessiglione et al. 2007), music (Menon and Levitin 2005), sports cars (Erk et al. 2002), and luxury goods (Craig et al. 2010), among others, can elicit neural activation in the same dopaminergic reward circuitry associated with drug and food rewards (for a review, see Camerer, Loewenstein, and Prelec 2005). Moreover, research has shown that activity in such areas during exposure to a target product predicts purchase behavior (e.g., Knutson et al. 2007). These findings support the involvement of the neural reward system in the motivation to acquire material rewards.
In addition to evidence suggesting the involvement of the general reward system in the motivation to acquire food, evidence also shows that physiological events thought to be specific to the motivation to acquire food can also be stimulated by artificial incentives. In particular, it has been found that the desire to obtain artificial biological reinforcers (i.e., drugs) is associated with release of the hunger-stimulating brain-gut peptide ghrelin (Jerlhag et al. 2009; Tessari et al. 2007) and salivation (Cooney et al. 1984). However, unlike material rewards, drugs directly impact biological processes, leaving open the question of whether the motivation to acquire nonbiological rewards might similarly involve physiological processes typically associated with hunger. To address this open question, I performed two experiments.
Experiment 1: Money
Money can be thought of as the ultimate material reward, since it represents a medium of exchange through which all other rewards might be obtained. The mere concept of money has been shown to have dramatic effects on behavior (Vohs, Mead, and Goode 2006; Zhou, Vohs, and Baumeister 2009). Indeed, it has been argued that money can be conceptualized as a drug in that it imitates the action of biological incentives in driving behavior (Lea and Webley 2006). Thus, in experiment 1, I examined whether the motivation to obtain money can stimulate salivation during money cue exposure.
Specifically, I examined whether one's state of power could stimulate a salivary response to money. I focused on power because power, defined as asymmetric control over resources and individuals, is a pervasive element in social interactions (Magee and Galinsky 2008), significantly affecting people's thoughts (Brinol et al. 2007) and behaviors (Galinsky et al. 2006; Magee, Galinsky, and Gruenfeld 2007; Rucker and Galinsky 2008) across a broad swath of domains. Moreover, because money represents personal freedom, status, and control of resources (Vohs et al. 2006), its reward value should be greater for the powerless than for the powerful. Indeed, consistent with this view, research shows that the poor (Bruner and Goodman 1947) and the powerless (Dubois, Rucker, and Galinsky 2010) perceive money as physically larger than the rich and the powerful, a phenomenon assumed to reflect differences in the motivation for money. Thus, if salivation is stimulated in association with the motivation to obtain money, individuals induced to feel powerless should manifest a greater salivary response during exposure to money cues than individuals induced to feel powerful.
Experiment 1 had a 2 (stimulus cue: money vs. control) × 2 (power: low vs. high) × 2 (time: baseline vs. cue exposure) design, with stimulus cue and power as between-subject factors and time as a within-subject factor. Participants were 169 undergraduates at Northwestern University.
Participants were first provided instructions for a task ostensibly examining consumers' salivary response to food stimuli. Participants were informed that the experimenters were interested in measuring the salivary response to viewing different food items and that some participants would view different food items during the saliva measurement and other participants would view nonfood items during the saliva measurement, with the latter serving as a control. In fact, all participants viewed images of nonfood items, either images of money or control images (pictures of office supplies), depending on the assigned condition.
The method used to measure salivation was derived from Peck (1959) and involved both a 2-minute baseline measurement and a second 2-minute measurement following the power induction manipulation. The dependent variable was the difference in salivation between the baseline and subsequent measurements. For the baseline measurement, participants were provided with three dental rolls and were asked to place two rolls between their cheeks and lower gums, and the third crosswise and under the tongue. The dental rolls were 1.5-inch-long cylindrical cotton rolls typically used in dental offices to absorb saliva during dental procedures. They were instructed to sit in silence for 2 minutes while viewing an "X" on a computer screen. Afterward, the dental rolls were extracted with tweezers and sealed in a plastic bag. The amount of salivation was determined by the weight of the sealed bag minus the weight of the previously weighed bag and rolls using a scale with accuracy to 10 milligrams.
Before completing the second saliva measurement, participants completed a series of unrelated tasks of about 10 minutes' duration, the last of which was ostensibly unrelated to the other tasks but actually served as the manipulation of power. In particular, power was manipulated by asking participants to write about a time they either had or lacked power (Galinsky, Gruenfeld, and Magee 2003). They were asked to describe in detail what happened and how they felt. After the power induction manipulation, participants completed the second saliva measurement, which was performed identically to the first measurement, except that participants viewed either a picture of money or of office supplies (i.e., the control image), depending on assignment, on a computer screen during the measurement.
Responses of participants whose change in salivation from baseline to cue exposure was greater than 4 standard deviations from the mean were removed from further analysis, resulting in the responses of two participants being removed from further analysis. Removal of these two responses did not materially alter the results.
A mixed-model ANOVA, with time as a within-subjects factor, revealed a significant cue × power × time interaction (F(1, 163) = 4.10, p < .05; see fig. 1). Importantly, among individuals exposed to money, there was a significant power × time interaction (F(1, 82) = 6.54, p < .05). This interaction indicated that power state had a significant impact on salivation among those exposed to monetary cues. Further, simple main effects showed that among those exposed to money cues, salivation was greater during exposure to money (M = 3.06 grams) than at baseline (M = 2.29 grams) when power was low (F(1, 37) = 13.03, p < .001), whereas salivation did not significantly differ during exposure to money (M = 2.41 grams) versus baseline (M = 2.26 grams) when power was high (F(1, 45) = 1.30, p = .26). Among individuals exposed to office supplies, the power × time interaction was not significant (F < 1), indicating that the effect of power on salivation was dependent on the nature of the cue.
Experiment 1 found that exposure to money stimulated a salivary response among those induced to experience low power but not among individuals induced to experience high power. Further, salivation was not stimulated by exposure to office supplies regardless of power induction manipulation. These findings suggest that salivation is stimulated by money cues when the reward value of money is high.
A potential alternative explanation is that money's instrumentality in acquiring food leads people to equate money and food and, thus, that people were not salivating at money as money per se but at money as a representation of food (salivation can occur in response to food cues even in the absence of hunger; Pavlov 1927; Wooley and Wooley 1973). However, research shows that people do not perceive money in terms of the visceral rewards they can obtain with it; for instance, Brendl, Markman, and Messner (2003) found that individuals who craved cigarettes devalued money even though they could have used the money to acquire cigarettes. Further, an explanation that assumes that individuals salivate to money because it represented food does not readily explain the interaction observed with power. Nonetheless, experiment 2 sought to extend the finding of experiment 1 to the context of a nonmoney material reward, namely, sports cars.
Experiment 2: Sports Cars
Although luxury goods, such as prestigious brand names, sports cars, and jewelry, lack biological function, they are often highly desired due to their aesthetic and status-signaling qualities (Rucker and Galinsky 2008; Veblen 1899). Thus, experiment 2 sought convergent evidence to the findings in experiment 1 that material reward can stimulate salivation by examining salivation to sports cars among men. The experiment focused on the responses of men, given men's known penchant for the aesthetic and status-signaling qualities of cars (Belk 2004).
Experiment 2 further examined how men's salivation to sports cars would be affected by having been primed with a mating goal. This moderator was examined because prior research has shown that priming men with mating goals significantly affects their preferences (Griskevicius et al. 2007; Van den Bergh, Dewitte, and Warlop 2008). Of particular relevance, men primed with mating goals are more likely to express an intent to purchase conspicuous luxury products but not functional products, suggesting that men have a greater desire for status-signaling goods when primed with a mating goal (Griskevicius et al. 2007).
Experiment 2 had a 2 (stimulus cue: sports cars vs. control) × 2 (primed goal: mating vs. control) × 2 (time: baseline vs. cue exposure) design, with stimulus cue and primed goal as between-subject factors and time as a within-subject factor. Participants were 97 undergraduate men at Northwestern University. The saliva measurement was performed similarly to that described in experiment 1, except that, during the second saliva measurement, participants assigned to the sports cars condition viewed a series of pictures of sports cars on a computer screen, and participants who were assigned to the control condition viewed a series of pictures of fastening tools.
Prior to the saliva measurement, participants were primed with either a mating or control goal. To induce a mating goal, I adapted the procedure used by Griskevicius et al. (2007). In particular, participants were shown images of three attractive females and asked to choose with whom they would be most interested in going out on a date. They were asked to imagine what their idea of the perfect date would be like with this person and to spend 3 minutes describing the date in writing. Participants in the control condition were shown images of three barber shops and asked to choose at which shop they would most prefer to get their hair cut. They were asked to imagine what it would be like to get their hair cut there and to spend 3 minutes describing what it would be like. Afterward, the second saliva measurement was performed as described above.
A mixed-model ANOVA, with time as a within-subjects factor, revealed a significant cue × mating goal × time interaction (F(1, 93) = 6.11, p < .05; see fig. 2). Importantly, among individuals exposed to sports cars, there was a significant mating goal × time interaction (F(1, 45) = 5.02, p < .05). This interaction indicated that the mating prime had a significant impact on salivation among those exposed to sports cars. Further, simple main effects showed that among those exposed to sports cars, salivation was greater during exposure to sports cars (M = 3.26 grams) than at baseline (M = 2.35 grams) following a mating prime (F(1, 25) = 14.88, p < .001), whereas salivation did not significantly differ during exposure to sports cars (M = 2.70 grams) versus baseline (M = 2.48 grams) in the absence of a mating goal (F(1, 20) = 1.45, p = .24). Among individuals exposed to tools, the mating goal × time interaction was not significant (F < 1), indicating that the effect of a mating goal on salivation was dependent on the nature of the cue.
In sum, experiment 2 found that sports cars can stimulate a salivary response among men. In particular, this response was observed among those men for whom sports cars were temporarily made particularly desirable.
General Discussion
Across two studies, the present research found that salivation, a correlate of physiological hunger, can be stimulated by exposure to material reward cues. In particular, this effect depended on the reward value (i.e., desirability) of the stimulus, with individuals induced to experience low-power (but not individuals induced to experience high-power) salivating to money and men primed with mating goals (but not men primed with control images) salivating to sports cars. These findings show that exposure to a material reward cue stimulates salivation when the reward value is high, such as when the reward is associated with a highly active goal. Thus, the findings suggest that the motivation to acquire nonbiological rewards might resemble a visceral, hunger-like process more closely than previously assumed.
By showing that material rewards can trigger physiological events associated with hunger and craving, the present research also adds weight to views that have conceptualized material rewards in biological terms. These include the notion that money can function like a drug (Lea and Webley 2006) and that addictions to gambling (Griffiths 1994), video games (Fisher 1994), and shopping (Dittmar 2004; Faber and O'Guinn 1992; Faber et al. 1995; Hirschman 1992; Richins and Dawson 1992; Rindfleisch, Burroughs, and Denton 1997; Rook and Hock 1985), among others, can mimic drug addictions. In particular, the present findings suggest the possibility that these analogies are not merely conceptual metaphors but reflect similar physiological processes in addiction to drugs and addiction to material rewards.
The present findings can also be related to recent research demonstrating that impulsivity is increased by tryptophan consumption, presumably by elevating the neurotransmitter serotonin (Mishra and Mishra 2010). Specifically, the current findings suggest that the flow of causality is bidirectional, such that altering biological processes not only affects responses to material rewards but that material rewards affect physiological responses.
This surmise might have important implications for research on self-control and decision making, particularly in the context of consumers' financial decision making and spending. Prior research has argued that decision making occurs in the context of two very different motivational forces, "hot" visceral urges and "cool" dispassionate motivations, where the former include emotional states and motivational drives, such as hunger and thirst (Loewenstein 1996). Research has shown that visceral urges tend to narrow individuals' attention to the satiation of those urges and to devalue other goals (Brendl et al. 2003; Easterbrook 1959; Loewenstein 1996; Nordgren, van Der Pligt, and van Harreveld 2006). Visceral urges also cause a shift in individuals' temporal perspective toward the present and elicit a greater focus on one's self than on others (Loewenstein 1996). As a result, decision making in the context of visceral urges is often costly to individuals' long-term goals, as is clearly evident in the case of drug addicts who forgo all other goals for the transient urge fulfillment provided by a "fix" (Gawin 1991). The current findings potentially broaden the scope of the exploration of visceral factors on decision making to the context of nonbiological rewards, such as money or other material goods.
Nonetheless, the degree to which the motivation to obtain biological and nonbiological rewards might be anchored by common physiological (and psychological) processes remains unclear. For instance, it seems unlikely that withdrawal from craved material rewards would have the same symptoms as withdrawal from craved drugs due to the lack of direct biological action of material rewards. Future research comparing physiological processes between individuals with drug addictions and individuals with nondrug addictions might serve to further elucidate the common and divergent physiological and psychological processes associated with the motivation to obtain biological and material rewards.
Why Does It Occur?
Unlike salivation in the case of food reward, salivation to material reward is not of any obvious function, thereby raising the question of why it occurs. One possibility is that salivation to material rewards is conditioned. For instance, it might be that early in development salivation becomes associated with the facilitation of food consumption, subsequently becomes associated with anticipation of food, and ultimately generalizes to other rewards. This account can be related to work by Razran (1939), who has shown that eating food during exposure to unrelated stimuli quickly conditions a salivary response to the unrelated stimuli (even when participants are not conscious that the stimuli were previously associated with food consumption). Although the research described in this article did not involve pairing material rewards with food stimuli in order to condition a salivary response, Razran's findings raise the possibility that the salivary response to material rewards might have been conditioned incidentally early in development.
An alternative account is that salivation to nonbiological incentives might simply be an epiphenomenal side effect of the natural reward system. This interpretation can be related to recent research showing that desire activated in one domain can induce approach behavior in a different domain (e.g., Briers et al. 2006; Li 2008; Van den Bergh et al. 2008; Wadhwa, Shiv, and Nowlis 2008); correspondingly, inhibition of desire in one domain also appears to influence inhibition in a different domain (Tuk, Trampe, and Warlop 2011). Such findings have generally been interpreted to reflect costly by-products of an otherwise useful system, and a similar interpretation for the findings of the current studies is plausible. Interestingly, with regard to this possibility, although the control of salivation is complex and not well understood, research suggests that activation of dopaminergic receptors in the brain, which is known to play a key role in reward response, also increases salivation in both rodents (Pazo, Tumilasci, and Medina 1981) and humans (Tumilasci et al. 2006). This adds weight to the possibility that salivation, though likely purposed for digestion early in evolutionary development, has incidentally become associated with a generalized reward response.
What Does It Measure, and How Might It Be Used?
Another important question raised by the current findings is what salivation does in response to material rewards measures. Although salivary secretion might be stimulated by a combination of factors, including liking, desire, and simple anticipation of reward, research on the salivary response to food and alcohol cues offers the intriguing possibility that salivary secretion might, in some cases, reflect desire that is inaccessible to self-report. With respect to food, research has found that salivation to food cues is greater in the obese than in normal-weight individuals (Epstein, Paluch, and Coleman 1996), greater in dieters than in nondieters (the former have been found to be more likely to gain weight; Klajner et al. 1981), and greater in those gaining weight than in those maintaining weight (Guy-Grand and Goga 1981), whereas self-reported liking or desire often do not differ among these groups. Based on such findings, some researchers have posed that a heightened salivary response might reflect desire uninhibited by conscious interference (e.g., Pecina and Smith 2010).
In alcoholics, a number of studies have found that exposure to alcohol cues stimulates salivation (Cooney et al. 1984; Reid et al. 2006; Rohsenow et al. 1992). Moreover, research has found that salivation to alcohol cues is weakly or nonsignificantly correlated with a self-reported urge to drink and self-reported enjoyment of the sight and smell of alcohol (Reid et al. 2006; Rohsenow et al. 1992). In contrast, salivation is greater among those with greater alcohol dependence and is predictive of both the quantity and frequency of drinking following a detox program (Rohsenow 1999; Rohsenow et al. 1992). Based on these findings, it has been argued that cue-induced salivation might reflect autonomic desire (Reid et al. 2006).
If salivation can, indeed, tap into desire that is inaccessible to self-report, then it might be a particularly useful tool. Currently, the use of fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is often justified by claims that it can uncover processes that might not be accessible to introspection (see, e.g., Knutson et al. 2007). In comparison to fMRI, measuring salivation is a decidedly low-tech method. Therefore, if future research finds that salivation can predict behaviors independently of self-reports, its accessibility suggests that it might make a valuable research tool.
Nonetheless, despite the possibility that salivary reactivity might detect nonconscious desire in some individuals, experimental evidence specifically aimed at addressing the role of salivation in the motivational process is limited and open to interpretation, and much future research will be needed to establish what salivary reactivity represents in the context of material incentives. Specifically, future research might investigate how salivation to material rewards is associated with measures of desire and liking (e.g., self-reports, smiling), as well as with other related constructs and behaviors both in individuals displaying and not displaying addictive behaviors with respect to material rewards. Additional research might examine whether salivation to material reward is correlated with a generalized state of desire (e.g., does being hungry increase the effect?) or with neural activation in known dopaminergic reward targets. Finally, future research might investigate how individual differences in salivation to material rewards is related to the consumption behaviors of investing, gambling, and spending. Such research is likely to illuminate the potential of measuring salivation to offer novel insights into consumption behaviors.
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- Rucker, Derek D. and Adam Galinsky (2008), "Desire to Acquire: Powerlessness and Compensatory Consumption," Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (2), 257–67.
- Stamford, Bryant A., Sharleen Matter, Ronald D. Fell, and Paula Papanek (1986), "Effects of Smoking Cessation on Weight Gain, Metabolic Rate, Caloric Consumption, and Blood Lipids," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43 (April), 486–94.
- Tessari, Michela, Antonio Catalano, Michelle Pellitteri, Carla Di Francesco, Francesca Marini, Philip A. Gerrard, Christian A. Heidbreder, and Sergio Melotto (2007), "Correlation between Serum Ghrelin Levels and Cocaine-Seeking Behavior Triggered by Cocaine-Associated Conditioned Stimuli in Rats," Addiction Biology, 12 (1), 22–29.
- Tuk, Mirjam A., Debra Trampe, and Luk Warlop (2011), "Inhibitory Spillover: Increased Urination Urgency Facilitates Impulse Control in Unrelated Domains," Psychological Science, 22 (May), 627–33.
- Tumilasci, Omar R., M. G. Cersosimo, Juan E. Belforte, Federico E. Micheli, Eduardo E. Benarroch, and Jorge H. Pazo (2006), "Quantitative Study of Salivary Secretion in Parkinson's Disease," Movement Disorders, 21 (5), 660–67.
- Van den Bergh, Bram, Siegfried Dewitte, and Luk Warlop (2008), "Bikinis Instigate Generalized Impatience in Intertemporal Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (1), 85–97.
- Veblen, Thorstein (1899), The Theory of the Leisure Class, New York: Mentor.
- Vohs, Kathleen D., Nicole L. Mead, and Miranda R. Goode (2006), "The Psychological Consequences of Money," Science, 314 (5802), 1154–56.
- Volkow, Nora D. and Roy A. Wise (2005), "How Can Drug Addiction Help Us Understand Obesity?" Nature Neuroscience, 8 (5), 555–60.
- Wadhwa, Monica, Baba Shiv, and Stephen M. Nowlis (2008), "A Bite to Whet the Reward Appetite: The Influence of Sampling on Reward-Seeking Behaviors," Journal of Marketing Research, 45 (4), 403–13.
- Winsor, Andrew L. (1930), "Observations on the Nature and Mechanism of Secretory Inhibition," Psychological Review, 37 (5), 399–411.
- Wooley, Susan C. and Orland W. Wooley (1973), "Salivation to the Sight and Thought of Food: A New Measure of Appetite," Psychosomatic Medicine, 35 (2), 136–42.
- Zhou, Xinyue, Kathleen D. Vohs, and Roy F. Baumeister (2009), "The Symbolic Power of Money: Reminders of Money Alter Social Distress and Physical Pain," Psychological Science, 20 (6), 700–706.


text:
Expression 'The case is in the bag'
This page has been automatically translated from French into English by a translation software. Automatic translations are not as accurate as translations made by professional human translators. Nevertheless these pages can help you understand information published by the City of Brussels.
The French expression 'L'affaire est dans le sac' (the case is in the bag) has a legal origin.
During the Ancien Régime, lawyers and judges sorted the pieces of a trial in bags of cloth or leather. At the end of the trial the judge could declare: L'affaire est dans le sac or the matter is in the bag. The pieces could then be classified definitely. The case was closed.
Collection of trials at the Archives
The Archives of the City have a large collection of trials that are preserved in the old bags. The bags mention the parties and the date of the case. This collection contains mostly cases of the Aldermen that were treated by the court of the City.
Available online
The collection contains about 20,000 to 30,000 cases. More than 6,200 of these cases are available online via the catalog of Pallas.
Practical information
Rue des Tanneurs 65
1000 Brussels
Tel. : 02 279 53 20
Fax : 02 279 53 29
Closing period : 28 March, 5 May, 6 May, 16 May, from 18 July to 15 August, from 31 October to 2 November, 11 November, 14 and 15 November, from 26 December 2016 to 6 January 2017


text:
After failing to save the world (again) at the G20 finance ministers' meeting last weekend, with the universal rejection of his international transaction tax, Gordon Brown is now left with fewer than six months to save his skin. Parliament prorogues this week in preparation for the final truncated session before the sands of time force the Prime Minister to face the British people.
By my reckoning – assuming the general election is on 6 May 2010 – we are 177 days away from Mr Brown's eviction from Downing Street. That means 15 more question-time exchanges with David Cameron, one more Queen's Speech debate, a pre-Budget report, an actual Budget – and probably at least another 50 letters to be written by Mr Brown to the relatives of servicemen killed in Afghanistan.
Labour MPs facing defeat and MPs who are standing down either voluntarily – or involuntarily as a consequence of the expenses scandal – have no more than 70 parliamentary sitting days to enjoy the comfort of the green benches. They will complete six more expenses claims forms before their final pay-off cheque of up to £65,000 is banked. On the plus side, they need only contemplate the grim ritual of sending official Commons Christmas cards and House of Commons whisky to constituency worthies once more. This time next year a few lucky ones will be swathed in ermine but the rest will be selling one of their two homes – hoping that Sir Ian Kennedy will allow them to keep the capital gain.
In the meantime the Prime Minister will be trying to "Rebuild Britain's Future", the theme given in June to the draft legislative programme. Any element of surprise has been taken away from next week's State Opening ceremony. We already know the speech will focus on creating training, skills and apprenticeship opportunities for young unemployed people, although this was undermined by weekend reports of a secret cut of £350m to this budget.
But the rest of the pre-announced list of bills, including an Energy Bill, the Digital Economy Bill and yet another Policing, Crime and Private Security Bill, hardly seem likely to make any electoral impact on voters this side of the election. And as for the Constitutional Renewal Bill, I suspect that the House of Lords will see to it that much of this is sunk without trace by polling day.
Mr Brown's hopes no longer lie in legislation and will be determined by economic indicators now largely outside his and his Chancellor's control. We know that VAT will increase back up to 17.5 per cent and that unemployment will continue to rise. The possibility of a technical return to economic growth might lift the gloom momentarily but, with no room for manoeuvre, the opportunity for a vote-winning Budget giveaway will be denied.
Of course, it is entirely possible that some completely unanticipated event might provide an opportunity for Mr Brown to play to some of his strengths, although given his record so far this really would be clutching at straws.
I've often wondered what the effect of a huge unexpected national or international crisis, occurring in the middle of an election campaign, would have had on Margaret Thatcher, John Major or Tony Blair. Luckily, all our recent elections have occurred without unknown events crowding out the contours of the hustings. Certainly Thatcher and Blair would have excelled in such situations, reinforcing their poll leads already established at the start of their campaigns. If some awful terrorist event had erupted during the 1992 election, Major would probably have gained in prestige, following the Gulf War a year earlier. Equally, I suspect, however, that some untoward national event during the 1997 campaign would not have saved him, regardless of how well he might have handled the situation. The US experience in the banking crisis, during last year's presidential election, solidified Obama's poll ratings to an even greater extent. The die, once cast, merely reinforces and rarely changes voters' perceptions.
With what cards can Mr Brown now shape the political weather? Only surprise. He could relinquish the reins in his party's interest at the turn of the year. But this would only bring a marginal benefit, even if an iron discipline on an agreed cabinet successor ensured a transition to a new leader within days of his resignation. Suppose Alan Johnson or whoever were to emerge, complete with white smoke, Pope-like, in the early days of January, along with the immediate announcement of an election date. The novelty of a changed political landscape might prevent a Labour meltdown but would still be unlikely to prevent the inevitable Tory victory.
Only the timing of the election remains Mr Brown's wild card. He could follow the example of John Major by calling an election the day after an early Budget. If he wanted a short campaign, by avoiding Easter, 25 March remains an outside bet. But, frankly, Mr Cameron would still hold all the trumps.
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text:
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text:
Last week Boris Johnson said that you can't talk about equality without considering that people have different IQ levels.
Translated in layman's terms (for our poor readers): non-rich people aren't as clever, and that's why they can't get to the top positions, so they can afford duck islands, and other nice things.
He said that 16 per cent of "our species" had an IQ of less than 85 and just 2 per cent over 130.
"The harder you shake the pack, the easier it will be for some cornflakes to get to the top," he then added.
Defending his controversial comments on his regular phone-in show, the London Mayor said he believed he was misinterpreted and misconstrued.
Appearing on LBC 97.3 Radio, host Nick Ferrari then pushed some IQ questions on a less-than-happy Boris, who failed to answer any correctly.
Asked how many apples he would have if he took two apples from three apples, the Mayor replied: "You've got loads of apples, mate"
So are you smarter than a London Mayor?
Take our test below.
The first three questions are those asked to Boris Johnson on LBC, and the following seven have been taken from other IQ tests.
Tweet your score to @indyvoicesReuse content


text:
NCPA Media: NCPA in the News
Sep 02, 2010
Low interest rates squeezing pension funds – MSNBC.com
Public, private plans scramble to make up widening shortfalls
Pamela Villarreal on MSNBC.com on the pension fund squeeze.
Aug 30, 2010
On the Board – Dallas Business Journal
The National Center for Policy Analysis elected Greg Wilkinson, president of Hill & Wilkinson Ltd., to its board of directors.
Aug 28, 2010
NCPA Issues Consumer's Guide to Explain Health Reform Costs, Benefits - Industry Watch
Industry Watch references NCPA's new health care publication -- "What Does Health Reform Mean To You? A Consumer's Guide"
Aug 28, 2010
Social Security at 75 - Houston Chronicle
An ongoing discussion of innovations to keep the system functional is mandatory.
Estelle James' New York Times op-ed about Chile's incentives to keep seniors working longer, caught the attention of the Houston Chronicle, who mentioned it in their weekend edition.
Aug 27, 2010
Health Care And The Midterm Elections - Kaiser Health News
The NCPA's consumer guide is linked on Kaiser Health News.
Aug 27, 2010
Health Reform Without Apologies – The Health Care Blog
John Goodman on the NCPA's consumer guide to health reform on The Health Care Blog.
Aug 18, 2010
Obamacare's stealth ambush of senior citizens - The Washington Examiner
Dr. Goodman is quoted by the Washington Examiner on how Medicare patients will face a difficult game of "musical chairs" to find treatment.
Aug 16, 2010
Medicaid Cutbacks Not the Same as Private Insurance Rescission - Kaiser Health News
New Republic Senior Editor Jonathan Cohn makes a point by point response to John Goodman's earlier Kaiser Health commentary on Medicaid rescissions.


text:
You, you try to avoid over-talking
You know he can hear you everywhere
You know it will be bad, bad, bad
(I dont know what you should do about it
look I have to hangup, talk to you later)
And he, he needs the information
He needs to report them an exact time
He knows he cant return empty handed
(I dont know where they are
I can swear I heard them saying they gonna get here)
And they, they have to find her
They know her plan
They know it must not happen
(I dont care & I dont want to hear your explanation
I can never trust you)
And she, she have to execute her plan
She needs the money for her father
She knows that otherwise they wont leave him alone
(Dont worry I know how to do it
Everything will be alright you'll see)
And her father, he needs to eliminate you
He knows the weakness of his daughter's boyfriend
Yes he knows you'll do anything for money
(What do you find in this guy
He never does anything good.. worthless)
And you, you know you cant turn to me
I cant afford what its requires
I'm not yet ready to be caught by the wires
© Copyright 2017 katzenjammer . All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Thrillers
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Poem / Fantasy
Poem / Humor
Poem / Humor
Paste the link to picture in the entry below:
Paste the link to Youtube video in the following entry:
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text:
An aggressive, fierce, intelligent, and relentless attorney. A legal warrior. www.KyleBristow.comAn aggressive, fierce, intelligent, and relentless attorney. A legal warrior. www.KyleBristow.comAn aggressive, fierce, intelligent, and relentless attorney. A legal warrior. www.KyleBristow.comAn aggressive, fierce, intelligent, and relentless attorney. A legal warrior. www.KyleBristow.comAn aggressive, fierce, intelligent, and relentless attorney. A legal warrior. www.KyleBristow.com
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I was a victim of revenge pornography. I once sent my then-boyfriend by text message nude images of myself, and we eventually broke up and had a bad falling out. My ex published onto a revenge pornography website my nude images that I intended for only him to see, and he also posted my full name, phone number, LinkedIn account link, Facebook link, home address, and my employer's contact information onto the website. I received hundreds of unwanted phone calls and emails and Facebook messages from strangers for a period of months that were sexually explicit and very vulgar, and my employer and family members were forwarded my private nude images by these strangers, too. I felt awkward at work, I felt publicly humiliated, I had a stranger approach me at the supermarket who asked me about the pictures, and I felt that my life was over--I was really depressed. My current boyfriend's parents saw the pictures when they Googled my name and encouraged him to breakup with me—he stuck up for me, however.
I went to the police--they took a report but said that they weren't going to investigate it because no crime had been committed since I was over the age of 18 when the pictures were taken. I spoke with a few lawyers, but they had no idea how to help me--the revenge pornography website was hosted by an anonymous individual who was hosting it through an anonymous domain. I was hopeless, but then I found Kyle Bristow--he was listed as an anti-revenge pornography expert lawyer on some anti-revenge pornography websites. When I emailed him, he emailed me back the very same day with a detailed explanation of how we could attack my problem. He gave me options and hope when the police and other lawyers couldn't help me. Kyle is very smart when it comes to Internet law and going after revenge pornography websites.
Although I had been hurt through the revenge pornography website for five months, Kyle was able to get all of my pictures offline within 24 days of me contacting him. When Kyle emailed me to tell me that the pictures were offline, I was so happy that I cried. Kyle is incredibly smart, extremely aggressive in attacking the other side, very passionate about being an attorney, and quite creative in dealing with complicated legal challenges. After working with Kyle and seeing how he alone was able to get my life back on track for me, I will never tell another lawyer joke again for the rest of my life.
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Posted by anonymous
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Posted by anonymous
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The very first time I spoke with Kyle about my situation there was no hesitation in his voice - he could handle it, no problem. I was skeptical; I had been turned away from everyone else, after all. Even as my case progressed I was always prepping myself to be let down, but I never was.
There were some quirky roadblocks but Kyle is aggressive and creative - exactly what I needed! In the end, he managed to get me everything I wanted plus some. To top it all off, he's punctual. The wheels of justice can be slow, so having someone who does everything when they say they will takes a lot of weight off your shoulders.
An aggressive, fierce, intelligent, and relentless attorney. A legal warrior. www.KyleBristow.com.
Attorney Kyle Bristow has been endorsed by over 160 attorneys and is rated as a 10.0/10.0 "superb" attorney on Avvo.com—the highest rating of that website—; he has been rated by Super Lawyers as a 2016 Michigan "Rising Star," only 2.5% of lawyers earn that designation in a given year, and he is one of only 40 attorneys in Michigan to receive that peer-reviewed award in 2016 in the area of family law; he was named a 2017 "Top Lawyer" by DBusiness magazine and he is only one of 20 attorneys in Michigan to receive that peer-reviewed award in 2017 in the area of appellate law; he passed the Ohio and Michigan bar exams on his first attempts with high scores; he pioneered an area of law before he was a licensed lawyer for a year that resulted in him being interviewed or articles being published about his work by USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The Detroit News, The Detroit Free Press, American Bar Association Journal, Marie Claire Magazine, CNN, MTV, and Katie Couric's Katie television talk show; and he acquired invaluable experience through numerous legal undertakings for which he earned a reputation as a fierce, knowledgeable, and persistent advocate for his clients.
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Payment types:
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Are you an attorney? Endorse this lawyer
Paul Kowal, Divorce and separation Attorney
Relationship: Opposing Counsel on matter
I endorse this lawyer. Although we were on opposite sides, Mr. Bristow treated both parties and myself with the utmost respect. Mr. Bristow was very knowledgeable and we were able to assist the clients reach a mutually satisfactory resolution in the case.
Bradley Levine, Employment and labor Attorney
Relationship: Fellow lawyer in community
Mr. Bristow is one of the most ambitious and knowledgeable attorneys I have ever known. I could not recommend him enough.
P.O. Box 381164
Clinton Twp., MI, 48038
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|Kyle James Bristow v. Ashley Elizabeth Bristow
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|$500,000 Judgment
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|Detroit Free Press
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|FOX News
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|The Detroit News
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|Simple Justice
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|Crime Watch Daily
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|Defending People
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|Woman wins groundbreaking lawsuit against ex after he posts revenge porn photos
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|Attorney Awarded Honorable Mention in Short-Story Contest
|Available on Amazon.com
|The Revenge Pornography Victim's Guide to Removing Pictures from the Internet
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|Colorado Springs Independent
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|Oakland University student booted over 'Hot for Teacher' essay is now suing
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|Oakland University student booted over 'Hot for Teacher' essay is now suing
|ABA Journal
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|ABA Journal
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|American Third Position
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|Women Against Revenge Porn
|Toledo Lawyer Successfully Gets Two "Revenge Porn" Websites Shut Down
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|Orion Township man banned from Oakland University following 'Hot For Teacher' essay files $2.2 million suit against school
|The Oakland Post
|Former student files $2.2 million lawsuit against university
|The Macomb Daily
|Man banned from Oakland University files $2.2 million suit against school
|Council of Conservative Citizens
|An Open Letter to the American Bar Association on Gun Control
|WTOL News 11
|Toledo Attorney Gets "Revenge Porn" Websites Shut Down
|WTOL News 11
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|6th District Court of Appeals
|In re S.R., 2013-Ohio-2358 (6th Dist. 2013)
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|Corlett v. Oakland University Board of Trustees, 13-11145 (E.D. Mich. 2013)
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|The Second Amendment: To Keep and Bear Weapons of Contemporary Military Grade
|State Bar of Michigan Publication
|Above the Law Disses Toledo for Choice of Controversial MSU Grad for Constitution Day
|Southern Methodist University Law Review
|Do as I Say (Not as I Did): Putative Intellectual Property Lessons for Emerging Economies from the Not So Long Past of the Developed Nations; 64 SMU L. Rev. 923 (2011) (Researcher for Prof. Llewellyn J. Gibbons)
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|Affirmative Action


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May 30, 2013, 08.30 AM | Source: PTI
Bombay Stock Exchange estimated the 'fair value' of its unlisted shares for the year ended March 31, 2013 was at Rs 139.06 apiece.
For the financial year ended March 31, 2012, the fair value of the BSE's unlisted shares stood at Rs 161.48 apiece.
Also read: Just Dial IPO subscribed 10 times; QIB, HNI support
The bourse's fair value, which is the the company's estimate of the minimum value of its shares based on earnings, reserves and book value for the year ended March 31, 2013, was at Rs 139.06 apiece.
"The exchange has determined the 'Fair Value' of shares of BSE Ltd, duly certified by the auditor of the exchange at Rs 139.06 per share," BSE said in a circular.
BSE said 'Fair Value' can be taken into account by the trading members for the purpose of computation of their networth as on March 31, 2013 and thereafter for the purpose of computation of networth as on September 30, 2013.
The bourse's net profit declined to Rs 108.57 crore for the year ended March 31, 2013 from Rs 178.13 crore in the preceding fiscal.
Also, BSE's total income fell to Rs 552.80 crore in the fiscal 2012-13, from Rs 578.42 crore in the previous financial year.
According to stock brokers, the change in BSE's fair value is mainly due to the fall in earnings.
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text:
Barbara Kruger
The Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt hosts an engaging exhibition: a full immersion in contemporary society's slogans
"I work with images and words as they enable us to say what we are and what we are not". The artistic aim Barbara Kruger has been pursuing for almost thirty years through her large-sized installations, is concise and clear.
On the occasion of the exhibition Circus, on show at the Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt until January 30th 2011, American artist Barbara Kruger has plastered the walls of the rotunda inside the museum with dozens of slogans, wrapping up the viewers with a sort of huge and never-ending poster that includes sentences such as: "belief + doubt = sanity", "blind idealism is reactionary scary deadly", "what you love is better than what i love. what you believe is truer than what i believe. what you hate deserves it" and many more.Characterized by the artist's signature font- the Futura designed by printmaker Paul Renner in 1927 during the Bauhaus period - the written words are as powerful as the media invading contemporary culture; but the artist adds to words a high level of ambiguity and a provocative message. Kruger's goal is to make us reflect upon our condition of often passive spectators battling with issues or doubts which we wrongly believe we can sidestep.
Her sentences, often disproportionately enlarged and exhibited
in crowded public places, have become strong messages that caught
the eye also of non-insiders. Her captions have now become a
collective heritage and remain indelible in our minds: "I
shop therefore I am", "Your body is a battlefield", "We don't need
another hero" o "It's a Small World But Not If You Have to Clean
True "blows in the stomach" or, as the artist herself defines them, "walk-in spaces of thinking", her words convey doubts, questions, reflection of contemporary society, dismantling the visual stereotypes o clichés which play a significant role in our collective consciousness.
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