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Recent disputes involving Electronic Arts (EA) have divided district courts in the Third and Ninth Circuits over whether the First Amendment insulates designers of video games from lawsuits when they use an athlete's likeness without permission and, if so, under what law.
This line of decisions began in 2009 in the Central District of California, where Jim Brown, a retired professional football player, filed an action claiming that EA violated the Lanham Act by wrongfully misappropriating his name, identity, and likeness when it included him as a player in the video game Madden NFL without his consent. Brown v. Electronic Arts, Inc., No. 09-CV-1598, Doc. No. 43 (Order), at 3 (C.D.Cal. Sept. 23, 2009). While the game did not use Brown's name or jersey number, he alleged that the character in the video game had "nearly identical" statistics to his own and thus created a false endorsement. Id. at 3. The Court disagreed, holding that Madden NFL was an "expressive work" protected from his federal false endorsement claim. Id. at 6, 7. Because Madden NFL manifested enough creativity to be deemed an "expressive work," it triggered the two-pronged test established by Rogers v. Grimaldi: (1) that the relevance of the defendant's use of the plaintiff's likeness is relevant to the work; and (2) that the use does not explicitly mislead consumers. Rogers v. Grimaldi, 875 F.2d 994 (2d Cir. 1989). The Court concluded that use of Brown's likeness was not irrelevant to the game's content, and that EA's use of his likeness (if his "likeness" was used at all)—in the form of an anonymous, mis-numbered video game character—could not be understood by the public as an "explicit attempt" to signify Brown's endorsement of the game. Brown, No. 09-CV-1598, Doc. No. 43 (Order), at 6-8.
Less than five months later, in addressing a state-law claim, a court in the Northern District of California came to an arguably different outcome. In Keller v. Electronic Arts, Inc., plaintiff Samuel Keller, a former college quarterback, alleged that EA's depiction of a football player in its game NCAA Football used his and other college players' likenesses without compensation, violating California's right of publicity law. Keller v. Electronic Arts, Inc., No. C 09-1967 CW, 2010 WL 530108, at *1-3 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 8, 2010). While EA claimed that its use was protected by the First Amendment, the Court disagreed, holding that EA's use was "not sufficiently transformative" to implicate First Amendment protection. Id. at *3-5. The Court reasoned that, rather than depicting the player "in a different form," EA represented him as "what he was: the starting quarterback for Arizona State University" in a setting "identical to where the public" would have found him during his collegiate career—that is, on a football field. Id. at *5.
Finally, one year later, a court in the District of New Jersey reached the opposite conclusion. In Hart v. Electronic Arts, Inc., a former college football player brought a claim under New Jersey's right of publicity law for using his likeness in NCAA Football—the same video game addressed in Keller. Hart v. Electronic Arts, Inc., 808 F. Supp. 2d 757, 760-61 (D.N.J. 2011). The Court held that EA's use of Hart's likeness was sufficiently transformative to warrant First Amendment protection. Id. at 784 . In so holding, the Court asserted that Keller ignored one of the key components of NCAA Football: that "the virtual image" representing the football player could be altered by the user in "various formulations." Id. at 786-87. The Court found "this aspect of the game significant because it suggests that the goal of the game is not for the user to 'be' the player," but instead to be a "starting point for the game playing experience." Id. at 787. The Court concluded that players' images in NCAA Football is "one of the raw materials from which an original work is synthesized, [and] the depiction or imitation of the celebrity is [not] the very sum and substance of the work in question," id. (citations and quotation marks omitted), rendering its use transformative, and thus protected by the First Amendment. While the Rogers test typically is applied to Lanham Act claims, the Court nonetheless suggested that it may also apply to right-of-publicity claims, and stated that NCAA Football would be protected under the two-prong Rogers test if the Court were to apply it. Id. at 793.
This trio of cases reflects significant confusion in case law over the use of athletes in video games—specifically, whether (1) the proper standard is the two-pronged Rogers test or the "transformative use" test and (2) when the use of an athlete's likeness satisfies those tests. While all three cases are currently on appeal, their outcomes will likely have implications for the design of future video games bearing an athlete's likeness.
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP
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Yesinn @Fortress Hill
Real Reviews
Real reviews from fellow travellers
These are trusted reviews from guests who have actually stayed here. We hope you find them helpful.
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- Page:1/1
- " please change your rooms beds sheets. "
- 02 Feb 2017 Anonymous South Korea
- " Close to mtr station and downtown,worth for what you paid. Safe and clean "
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- 02 May 2016 Omena


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Kuwait alarmed by Iraqi failure to pay reparations
Kuwait City: Iraq's recent efforts to avoid paying Kuwait some $25 billion in UN-mandated reparations for Saddam Hussein's 1990 invasion have alarmed Kuwaitis and strained relations that have slowly improved since the fall of the Iraqi dictator.
Many Kuwaitis doubt Iraq will make good on its obligations without outside pressure, and the country has sent envoys to both Washington and the UN in recent months to seek help.
"Iraq will not cooperate if things are left to bilateral ties," said Fayez Al Enezi, a member of a search team tasked with finding hundreds of Kuwaitis who went missing during the Iraqi occupation.
But Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Al Maliki has waged his own offensive, pressing key UN members during a visit to the US in late July to drop all binding resolutions against his country stemming from Saddam's seven-month occupation of Kuwait.
President Barack Obama has expressed support for lifting UN sanctions, among them a requirement that Iraq pay 5 per cent of its oil revenues to Kuwait as reparations. However, he said Iraq's UN status should only be changed after the country resolves disputes with its neighbours - something Kuwaitis have been seeking for almost two decades.
The UN has approved $52.4 billion in compensation for individuals, companies and organisations, most of them Kuwaiti, that incurred losses in the war that followed Saddam's invasion. Around $27 billion has already been paid out from Iraqi oil revenues, leaving an outstanding balance of about $25.4 billion.


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San Diego
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Save more than $60 on a spa day at the Hilton San Diego Bayfront, including access to the oceanfront saltwater pool.
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- Hotel earns a AAA 4-Diamond rating
- Take your pick of a 50-minute or 80-minute massage or facial
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Voucher can be redeemed immediately; valid Monday- Friday only during spa's operating hours. Not valid on Saturday-Sunday. Appointments required; subject to availability. Upon arrival, present printed voucher or display in Travelzoo mobile app. Tax, if applicable, and gratuity are not included. Please tip on the full value; 18-20% is customary for good service. 24-hour cancellation policy applies; voucher subject to forfeiture. Not valid on holidays or holiday weekends (call merchant for specific date restrictions). Valid for one person. Must use in one visit. Not valid on products. Cannot combine with other offers.
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When You Can Go
Through March 30, 2017; Monday- Friday
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87% Positive
(60 Member Reviews)
(60 Member Reviews)
Enjoyed Most
The steam room and pool.
Other Comments
I was disappointed that the spa wasn't kept as nicely as in years past. The relaxation/pre-post-treatment room didn't have fresh fruit (bowl was empty) and the showers weren't kept up (guests left soiled towels, used razors, hair all over the shower).
Elizabeth Feb 21, 2017 CA, United States
Other Comments
There were no bathrobes when we arrived. There was also a representation that a yoga balm was included then I was charged for it.
Chanell Jan 16, 2017 CA, United States
Enjoyed Most
I love the fact we can choose our own scent and music to listen to. It 's a great customization for your own spa experience. For me, music really sets the tone and so often when I'm at a spa, the music just sometimes ruins it for me. A combo of the island-rhythm music and Bali Papaya scent, close my eyes, and I felt I was on an island getaway getting right on the beach getting a massage.
Nicole Jan 03, 2017 CA, United States
Other Comments
Beautiful setting; friendly people; delicious food......love this place!!!
Carol Sep 11, 2016 CA, United States
Enjoyed Most
The massage was amazing
Other Comments
The hidden costs, the spa did not have an outside "spa only" area, more then 20% of the original cost was charged for tip.
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Enjoyed Most
Relaxing atmosphere
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Enjoyed Most
The steam room
Other Comments
Steam room was the best I've ever experienced very unique I enjoyed it.
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Enjoyed Most
Amazing facial!
liza Jul 21, 2016 CA, United States
Other Comments
Even though 3 hours of parking is validated through the spa with this deal, seeing that you can use the facilities all day to make a true "spa day of it, it would be nice if they validated for longer parking, or offered some sort of discount if you are using the spa. Parking in the structure is $10 per hour which is very pricey.
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Enjoyed Most
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darla Jul 13, 2016 CA, United States


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
- 01-26-2013, 04:52 PM Thread Author #1
- Posts
- 2 Posts
- Mentioned
- 0 Post(s)
- Tagged
- 0 Thread(s)
Can't receive POP3 email after setting up email account on tablet
I've looked for a possible answer for my problem so my apologies if it exists somewhere and I didn't see it.
I have a pop3 email account on my hp laptop. I use MS Outlook. I set up the pop3 email account on my Samsung S3 and all is working fine between the two devices.
Just recently I bought the galaxy note 10.1 and when I try to set up my pop3 account, i get an error message that says "incorrect username or password". I've double and triple checked that I have the correct username and password.
Then I tried setting up the account on my tablet as an imap account and it worked! However after I set up the account as an impap account, i can no longer receive emails on my hp laptop. I get a send/receive error that says "account is in use" and it can't retrieve new emails. I can send emails from my hp laptop just fine though.
So, i set up a new inbox in outlook on my home laptop as an imap account. I, again, re-created the account on my tablet as an imap account. I am still getting the same error on my hp laptop after i created the imap account on my tablet. (Oh, and in the process, I lost my entire inbox on my hp laptop and have no clue what is what - but this is another issue i have to deal with - can't believe I did that! I press buttons first and ask questions later - bad methodology, I know.
My tablet is still on android 4.0.4
I'm an old telus customer, so my email is still "telusplanet" and not "telus"
My emails settings on my hp laptop and my S3 are/were:
incoming: pop.telusplanet.net ; port 110
outgoing: smtp.telusplanet.net ; port 25
When I changed to imap, the settings are:
incoming: imap.telusplanet.net ; port 143
outgoing: smtp.telusplanet.net ; port 25
What is weirder still, is that I can access my outlook email from my mac laptop and the email account on that device is configured as a pop3. Can someone help me figure out what's going on? I'm very confused.
thank you in advance.
- 01-30-2013, 12:39 AM Thread Author #3
- Posts
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Re: Can't receive POP3 email after setting up email account on tablet
Hi belfast59. Thanks for recommending Maildroid.
I downloaded it a couple days ago and have been trying it out. It's as you said, easy to use and I like it better than the stock email app. Unfortunately, after I delete email from both my device and the server, the emails still show up on the server. This is a bit annoying but no where near the situation I was in before. At least now I'm seeing my emails on all my devices.
Thanks again for your help. Its much appreciated.
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text:
Conversation Between BeautifulBetta123 and LebronTheBetta
Showing Visitor Messages 1 to 10 of 34
- 08-03-2013 12:06 AM - permalinkLebronTheBettaMarie will be sad. D: And they didn't Sheera was basically blind because of yours. lol
- 08-02-2013 11:49 PM - permalinkBeautifulBetta123I am quitting the islander RP and but our characters didn't get along anyways... Lol
- 08-02-2013 11:43 PM - permalinkBeautifulBetta123Post! Suddenly everyone stopped posting.
- 08-01-2013 11:42 AM - permalinkBeautifulBetta123Post on the were wolf RP!!
- 07-29-2013 12:47 AM - permalinkLebronTheBettaIt's okay. It's my fault honestly. I just wish we can talk what should happen. Maybe TFK chat? We'll have to have Lilly present, I don't know if she's still here. We can just talk about who should be alpha and etc. I'm so sorry again, frustration on the internet kills.
- 07-29-2013 12:43 AM - permalinkBeautifulBetta123Hey Lebron i am sorry i dont mean for there to be any hard feelings. please dont quit the werewolf RP and please post.
- 07-28-2013 11:48 PM - permalinkLebronTheBettaIf there are any fights, I think Sundance should choose the winner.
Even for both of us. :D
- 07-26-2013 09:50 PM - permalinkLebronTheBettaYou should play in my roleplay.. Warrior Cats. Hope you've heard of them?
- 07-26-2013 08:42 PM - permalinkLebronTheBettaI don't want to post that, everyone knows that because that was a stupid attempt of hers. xD And I don't want her to be embarassed lol. Plus, you already know about the flibber jabber, etc. lol
And okay! (:
- 07-26-2013 08:17 PM - permalinkBeautifulBetta123Please post on the Harry Potter RP thread


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 19, 2005
|Filing date
|Oct 5, 1998
|Priority date
|Oct 5, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|C Stuart Johnson, Greg W. Davis, Timothy S Michels
|Original Assignee
|Packet Engines Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (33), Non-Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (70), Classifications (16), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to network switching devices. More particularly, this invention relates to a method and means for forwarding data packets through a switching device.
A local area network (LAN) is a system for directly connecting multiple computers so that they can directly exchange information with each other. LANs are considered local because they are designed to connect computers over a small area, such as an office, a building, or a small campus. LANs are considered systems because they are made up of several components, such as cables, repeaters, switches, routers, network interfaces, nodes (e.g., computers), and communication protocols. Ethernet is one such protocol. Information is communicated through a LAN in frames transported within data packets. ("Frame" and "data packet," while technically different, are often used interchangeably to describe data carrying the information.)
A LAN switch (or, more generally, a packet switch) is generally defined as a multi-port device that transfers data between its different ports based on the destination addresses and/or other information found in the individual packets it receives. Switches can be used to segment LANs, connect different LANs, or extend the collision diameter of LANs. Switches are of particular importance to Ethernet-based LANs because of their ability to increase network diameter. Additional background information on packet switches can be found in a number of references such as Fast Ethernet (1997) by L. Quinn et al., Computer Networks (3rd Ed. 1996) by A. Tannenbaum, and High-Speed Networking with LAN Switches (1997) by G. Held, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Packet switches generally carry three types of traffic: unicast, multicast and broadcast. Unicast traffic consists of packets that travel from a source, or entry, port to a single destination, or exit, port. Multicast traffic consists of packets that travel from one sending port to many destination ports per a destination list within a packet. Broadcast traffic is a special case of multicast traffic wherein the destination list includes all destination ports, and as such issues surrounding multicast apply equally to broadcast traffic.
Multicast traffic poses a problem for packet switches because multicast packets must be replicated within the packet switch. This replication can cause packet switches to fall behind in transmitting frames that follow the multicast frame due to the time required for replication. This replication time is particularly apparent in crossbar switch architectures that require unimpeded access from the sending port to the destination ports to schedule transmission, as the sending port must wait for other traffic that is destined for the destination port to complete. Shared memory switch architectures do not suffer the same fate as all ports have access to the switch memory independent of each other. In shared memory switches, a packet is stored in a central memory and the sending port makes a forwarding decision that notifies the destination ports of the packet's location for transmit. Each destination port can pull a multicast packet from its storage location independent of the other ports. However, in shared memory switches, the response of the destination ports to the forwarding decision can be time-consuming where, for example, it involves a multicast packet. Each of the destination ports on the destination list must request the packet from the shared memory. The time required for this delays further forwarding decisions and can cause congestion in the sending port if additional traffic is received there while the destination ports complete their requests.
Congestion in packet switches can be caused in many ways. In cases where there is more than one port transmitting to a single destination port, congestion at the destination port can occur and the port is said to be oversubscribed. The ratio of the rate that traffic is generated at the sending ports to the rate the destination port can transmit is called the oversubscription ratio. Rate mismatches in the source network media and destination network media can also cause congestion (another case of oversubscription). For example, if traffic travels from port 0 to port 1 on a switch and port 0 runs at 100 megabits per second and port 1 runs at 10 megabits per second, traffic can easily back up waiting to exit port 1. Traffic shaping can also cause congestion. This is a process where the destination port is intentionally curbed back to a lower transmit rate than it is capable for traffic engineering purposes.
Normal packet network traffic does not allow steady state oversubscription. No network switching equipment can buffer infinite data, so oversubscribed conditions on ports are inherently limited by the storage capabilities of the network equipment. However, it is also normal network behavior to have bursts for short periods of time during which network ports will be oversubscribed for any or all of the reasons previously listed. High port count switching equipment creates the opportunity for high oversubscription ratios during these normal traffic bursts.
End stations (such as a node within a LAN) communicate through a packet network by establishing a channel called a session. This session has characteristics that remain constant during the conversation between the end stations. For example, if station A talks to station B through the packet network to transfer a file, when A sends packets, they are all labeled with B's network address as the destination, and A's network address as the source. Other information in the packets sent between A and B will also generally remain constant for a given session—priority, VLAN, network protocol, etc. Each station in a packet network may run multiple sessions with the same or different destination stations. In general, packets within these sessions must arrive in sequence at their destinations—that is, the network equipment must not re-order them.
As a packet from a given session enters a packet switch, the switch must evaluate fields within the packet and make a forwarding decision (where does the packet go?). After making a forwarding decision, packet switches with egress queuing must place multicast packets on more than one transmit queue (a queue being first in/first out storage). As network media speeds increase, the time allowed to perform these queuing operations shrinks. Egress port congestion aggravates this issue. High oversubscription ratios that result from normal packet network operation force egress queuing mechanisms to queue packets from many sources simultaneously to maintain predictable operation. The more work the queuing mechanism performs to handle congestion, the harder it is to perform multicast packet replication.
An objective of this invention, therefore, is to provide a method and means for enhancing the communication of packets, such a multicast packets, through a switching device.
In a switching device, a method of communicating data packets from sending ports to destination ports includes storing in a first stage queue packet-related data from a sending port; determining from the packet-related data which destination ports are to receive the packet-related data in the first stage queue; storing in a second stage queue associated with each determined destination port the packet-related data from the first stage queue; and using the packet-related data in the second stage queue to complete the communication of the data packet from the sending port to each determined destination port. Apparatus for practicing the method comprises a first stage queue storing packet-related data from a sending port; and a second stage queue associated with each of a set of destination ports storing the packet-related data from the first stage queue.
These and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention are described in an illustrative embodiment below in conjunction with the following drawings.
As a session's packets travel through the packet network, they may take different paths to the same destination based on data field contents in their packets. For example, a video conference session between station A and B may be marked as priority 7, VLAN 5 while an email session between the same two stations may be marked as priority 3, VLAN 12 even though the sessions have the same source and destination. As a result of these differences in the sessions, the packets in the data streams may take physically different routes through the network. The sessions may also take the same route through the network, but be serviced differently by the network equipment—a packet from one session may come into a switch after a packet from a different session, yet exit the switch first as a result of higher priority servicing.
Network switches can examine these data fields in each packet to classify it. This invention takes advantage of packet classification to reduce the bandwidth burden of queuing multicast packets during congested intervals. This is accomplished by identifying classifications (characteristics) of packets that are independent of whether a packet is unicast or multicast. By doing this, queuing can be broken up into stages such that the first stage is only concerned with a broad range of packet types (and potentially sessions) that are destined for any port in a group of ports. Further stages can then service these queues as appropriate and perform additional queuing for multicast by replicating the packet for each destination port. The multicast replication still occurs within the switch, but is not required to occur immediately as the first stage of queuing acts as a buffer for the subsequent stages. This allows for the absorption of normal bursty oversubscription conditions while maintaining session servicing consistency (packet ordering).
An example of this invention is a two stage queuing scheme whereby the first stage queues packets based solely on their priority. All sessions with a given priority are given equal weight in the first stage queue. Note that these include multicast and unicast sessions. All packets within a session are placed in a single queue, thus maintaining packet ordering requirements. A second stage queue services or empties the priority queues into port queues, expanding multicast packets onto multiple queues if necessary. Since the first stage queues are not required to expand multicast packets onto multiple destination ports, fewer queuing operations are required to queue the packets to their destinations in the first stage. Multicast replication is handled by second stage queuing mechanisms. This allows more ports to be effectively utilized in normal bursty oversubscribed packet network conditions due to rate mismatches, traffic shaping, oversubscription and port density. This is increasingly important as network media speeds achieve gigabit per second and beyond.
The operation of the illustrative embodiment is such that the multistage queuing is not visible except during congested intervals on ports receiving multicast traffic. That is, it is transparent during normal operation and operates as a performance enhancement during peak utilization.
Note that this invention is not limited to the use of priority as a first stage queuing criteria. This is an arbitrary session characteristic that was chosen as a classification rule, which could as easily have been network protocol type or type of service. Note also that this invention is not limited to egress queuing devices, and may have applications in ingress queuing packet switches. Nor is this invention limited to a two stage queuing pipeline.
Structure and Function
The MAC and forwarding decision logic 22 within each port can be conventional in design. Through them a sending port acquires a data packet and forwards it to one or more destination ports. The process for communicating forwarding decision is made by the forwarding decision logic based on destinations listed in the data packet. The forwarding decision logic 22 forwards to the queuing device information (packet-related data) such as a pointer to where the packet is stored in the switch fabric (if the fabric is shared memory), the type of packet (priority, etc.) and to which ports the packet is to be communicated (one port for unicast, multiple ports for multicast, and all but the sending port for broadcast). The forwarding decision logic also stores the data packet in the switch fabric 24 at the location indicated by the pointer.
The switch fabric 24 in the illustrative embodiment is a shared memory that stores the entire data packet and from which destination ports may retrieve a copy. However, the invention is not limited to shared memory architectures. The switch fabric may be of other architectures such as a crossbar matrix.
The queuing device 26, which receives the packet-related data from the forwarding decision logic 22, is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. The device 26 includes characteristic detection logic 30, a first stage queue 32 coupled to the output of the detection logic, port membership determination logic 34 coupled to the output of the first stage queue, and second stage logic 36 coupled to the output of the determination logic.
The characteristic detection logic 30 detects from the packet-related data a characteristic of the packet (e.g., priority) as well as determining from a destination list which ports are to retrieve the packet. The destination list in the illustrative embodiment is encoded in the packet-related data as a number, which is used by the logic 30 to look up the associated port group in a look up table. Other means may also be used for indicating the destination ports, such as passing the port numbers directly within the packet-related data.
The first stage queue 32 stores the packet-related data according to a characteristic of the packet. In the illustrative embodiment, that characteristic is the priority of the packet (from one to eight levels). Consequently the first stage queue includes multiple first queues, each one storing the packet-related data (pointer plus port group) for packets of a different priority level in the order in which they are received.
The port determination logic 34 reads the first stage queue according to a service scheme and determines from the packet-related data which destination ports are to receive the packet-related data in the first stage. The logic 34 then stores the pointers in the appropriate portion of the second stage queue 36.
The second stage queue 36 in the illustrative embodiment includes for each port connected to the queuing device a set of queues that correspond to the first stage queue. For example, the first stage queue includes eight priority queues, and the second stage queue includes for each of its connected ports a corresponding set of eight priority queues. With this arrangement, the pointers in each queue of the first stage queue can be easily copied into a corresponding queue in the second state queue for each determined destination port.
The queuing device also includes conventional logic (not shown in
A data packet communicated from a sending port of switch 18 to one or more destination ports travels through the switching device as follows. A data packet that is received by a port is processed by its MAC, which generates a well formed frame from the physical LAN interface. The MAC presents the packet to the forwarding decision logic 22 that classifies the packet type and makes a forwarding decision as to which ports the packet is to be sent to from a destination list within the packet. The forwarding decision logic 22 transfers the packet to a location in the switch fabric (shared memory in the illustrative embodiment). The forwarding decision logic 22 also generates the packet-related data which includes the type of packet, a pointer to the location in shared memory where the packet is stored, and the forward decision and sends this data to the queuing device 26.
The queuing device receives the packet-related data at detection logic 30 and stores it in the first stage queue 32. In the process of storing the data in the first stage queue the logic determines which from the data ports, if any, the packet should be queued for. The logic then stores the pointer and destination port information in an appropriate queue within the first stage queue. In the illustrative embodiment the data is stored in a queue based on the priority of the packet; other characteristics of a packet can also be used for determining where the data will be stored.
The queuing device, through the determination logic 34, then obtains data from the multiple queues of the first stage in accordance with a scheme for reading the queues, such as a priority servicing scheme where the characteristic is priority. The determination logic 34 determines from the packet-related data just obtained which destination ports are to receive the pointer(s) and transfers the pointers to an appropriate location in the second stage queue 36 associated with each determined destination port. In the illustrative embodiment the second stage queue includes multiple queues for each port that correspond to the multiple queues of the first stage queue. In this embodiment, with priority as the packet characteristic, the logic 36 transfers the pointers to the priority queue for each port corresponding to the priority queue for the pointer in the first stage queue.
The queuing device then uses the data in the second stage queue to complete the communication of the data packet from the sending port to each determined destination port. When servicing the second stage queue with a service scheme, the queuing device obtains pointers from the queues to packets in the switch fabric 24 and requests these packets from the switch fabric. The switch fabric responds by sending the pointed-to packet to the queuing device, which then directs it to the appropriate port. Where there are multiple destination ports such in the case of a multicast data packet, the queuing device makes separate requests for each port.
The queuing device 26 is shown in the output or transmit path of the switch 18. In this configuration, the switch is said to be a "transmit buffered" or "output buffered" device. For different switch architectures like crossbar, the queuing device may reside on the inbound side of the switch, but the invention may still be applied. In that application, it would be referred to as "input buffered" since the queues are stored at the sending ports of the switching device.
Having understood the principles of the invention from the embodiments of the invention shown and described herein, those of skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. The construction of the various modules can be varied while still providing the functions described. Elements of the various modules can be implemented in hardware, software, or firmware as desired. The packet-related data may be pointers, other structures, or the data packets themselves. The invention may be used where appropriate in any packet switching device such as a LAN switch, a router, etc.
In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of the invention may be applied, it should be understood that these embodiments are illustrative only and should not be taken as a limitation on the scope of the invention. The invention, rather, is defined by the following claims. We therefore claim as the invention all embodiments that may come within the scope of these claims and their equivalents.
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- " Really noisy party hostel. A lot of drunken people acting like animals. No safety lockers, messy and small rooms. Would need some places for the backpacks and all that stuff. Really cheap though. "
- 29 Dec 2016 Johanna Finland
- " Loved my stay here. Atmosphere was fun and relaxed. I liked very much the cheap pizza monday and the free van to the city is very convenient too. Staff was very nice, location was good. I was not crazy about the plastic cutlery though. All in all a great little stay. "
- 21 Mar 2016 Anonymous Argentina


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*Crude language warning
The propagandist and former Bush II press secretary, Ari Fleischer, still having his way with "liberal" news show hosts, goes on Hardball the night before last and simply makes sh*t up.....
Fleischer...."After 9-11, having been hit once, how could we take a chance that Saddam might not strike again?"
Read that sentence again, you know, for full effect.
Without a doubt, the propagandist Fleischer, came on Chris Matthew's program Wednesday night to spread more propaganda. Before the concrete of the Bush-Cheney criminal regime sets and cures in the minds of Americans, the Bush era propagandists' plans are to attempt a rework, a revision, of the crimes of the Terror Twins,....one more time. The Whitewash artists, those who graduated cum-laude-assholo from their arts-of-deception schools, have been making many appearances on the "news" shows in the last few months. Lots to whitewash over.
Here, Ari clearly includes Saddam Hussein in with 9-11, just as many neo-conservative criminal pr*cks did in late 2001 and all of 2002. Astonishingly, or perhaps not, the same lying, neo-con, Bushian pr*cks, stating the same lying, neo-con, Bushian pr*ck stories about Saddam and Iraq's involvement with 9-11, al-Qaeda, international terrorism, the spread of WMD.....the same sh*t we heard back then.....is now, once again, all over our "news". Everything 8 years old is new again.
From last night's Hardball we have two clips by yet another unrepentant, lying, neo-con, Bushian pr*ck,....one of the worst,....Frank Gaffney.....and this time, the spouted bullsh*t gets very deep, indeed.....
Gaffney not only rejects the 9-11 Commission finding that Iraq had nothing to do with 9-11...he goes on to say that he believes there is evidence that Saddam "was collaborating with al-Qaeda on all kinds of things." Gaffney calls the 9-11 Commission, "partisan", and that Saddam's "involvement" with 9-11 is still an "open question." He insists that we have "a lot of evidence that these guys (Saddam and al-Qaeada) were meeting, they were collaborating, they were organizing something, they were sharing technology, they were sharing intelligence, we have lots of evidence of that."
All of what Gaffney says, of course, is nothing but a steaming pile of bullsh*t, just as it was when he and his fellow lying, neo-con, Bushian pr*cks were saying those same things back in 2001-2002 in order to fraudulently lead us into attacking a sovereign nation posing no threat to America. Deja-f*cking-vu....all over again, Yogi.
But it gets even worse....
"There's also circumstantial evidence, not proven by any means, but nonetheless, compelling circumstantial evidence of, Saddam Hussein's Iraq being involved with the people who perpetrated both the 1993 attack of the World Trade Center and even the.....(wait for it)....Oklahoma City bombing."
We live in a post-modern America. Truth is no longer truth. History is constantly subjected to biased revisings. Empirical evidence is moldable. Inconvenient facts ignored or buried.
That is the America that Bushian leftovers, like the despicable Fleischer and Gaffney, want to keep alive, in spite of American voter rejection.
The real question here is: why do "liberal" cable news programs continue to give these lying, neo-con, Bushian pr*cks so much air time?
I have not changed my opinion one iota about today's conservative/ Republican movement. A movement that's still given prominent face time by a corrupt, and seemingly hopeless, corporate media.
The organized Republican/conservative movement is still a criminal outfit deserving of trial, conviction and punishment for treasonous acts against our nation. Fleischer and Gaffney's "Whitewash" tour of lies is only an ugly reminder that these criminals have yet to be brought to justice.
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Welcome to the lush landscaping and modern homes! We are located minutes away from Seminole Lake and Walsingham Park, and I 275 is a short seven miles away. There are shopping centers nearby, and many breathtaking beaches are 15 minutes away.
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Gem Park-Ooty
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TripAdvisor Reviews Gem Park-Ooty Ootacamund
Travel Blogs from Ootacamund
An impromptu visit at the Fernhills Royale Palace!
... again! Doesn't all of this wanna make you dream!
Well, it worked for me and I dreamt about it being the reason why I went late this afternoon with the rest of the group to see this romantic palace in person. Call it an impromptu visit to the Fernhills Royale Palace!
Located on 50 acres of land, it took us a good half an hour ...
Ooty and the hill top railway
... restaurant The Culinarium, French in style and probably the poshest place I've been to in India-selling macaroons and loads of beautiful cakes, was run by Mr Paul Newman, and we used Derricks cabs to go out and about). The hilltop railway is very pretty. I travelled from Coonor to Ooty but am told that travelling in the opposite direction from Coonor is more scenic. ...
Ootacamund - Day 2
... prepared by the hotel, and then walked back along the road the main road.
Thorthe, a member of the Toda tribe, explained about their tribal culture. They value buffalo rather than money; are vegetarian; have 14 clans in one tribe; marry outside the clan; practice animism and worship nature. There are only a few thousand of them left living in villages on their tribal land.
At the main road, Thorthe's uncle ...
Ooty 5
... street - then she will lean over and spit out a big gob - causing her attractiveness to plummet. Like the Chinese, the Indians are spitters. So when you walk down the crowded streets, not only do you have to try to avoid the cow, horse, goat and even human dung, you also have to dodge the spit and the spitters. I was warned by Mr. Chandra to be especially careful when walking along the side of roads - because people spit out of bus windows without ...
Ooty 1
... complete opposite end of the town from my guest house, I once again took a rickshaw home. If ever there was a time to blow nearly a dollar, this was it.
I'll close out this day's report with some news from back home in Bangkok. I have often joked that in Thailand, it is possible for it to be hot in the cool season - but never for it to be cool in the hot season. What I should have said is that it cannot be cool in Thailand in the hot season - if I'm ...


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What is prayer
What is prayer?
What is prayer? Prayer is a very simple thing: communication with God. Though often directed heavenward, the reverse can also be true. Therefore, prayer is not a mere repetition of words, a position of the body, or a means to participate in a religious society. Prayer is the human heart before its maker. It is appropriate anytime and ideally, all the time.
God hears the prayers of all who sincerely call upon Him (Psalm 145:18), to those who know Him, He becomes like a father. Some people may see that as disregarding the exalted status of the Almighty and Unknowable One. In fact, fatherhood began not with the birth of human babies, but with God Himself (Ephesians 3:14-15). The more we know and follow His ways, the more we understand Him to be our spiritual Father, the Creator of our souls. Jesus, therefore, said this about prayer:
when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others.
But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. And when you pray, do not keep on babbling like pagans, for they think they will be heard because of their many words. Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him. This, then, is how you should pray: Our Father in heaven
. (Matthew 6:5-9).
Which of you, if your son asks for bread, will give him a stone? Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? If you, then, though you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good gifts to those who ask him! (Matthew 7:9-11).
What is prayer? Why doesnt God always answer the way we want?
Those are the basic answers to What is Prayer? Sometimes, however, children ask their parents for harmful things. God does not promise to give us those. At other times, like foolish children, we wander away from Him. We may claim to follow God, but we pray only to satisfy our greed and lust. God will not answer such prayers (James 4:1-3). Instead, He may draw back or even oppose us, hoping that we change our ways.
You adulterous people, dont you know that friendship with the world means enmity against God?
That is why Scripture says: God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble. Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Come near to God and he will come near to you. Wash your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded. Grieve, mourn and wail. Change your laughter to mourning and your joy to gloom. Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up (James 4:4, 6-10).
Compliments of Scott Munger, PhD, Biblica, All rights reserved in the original.
What is your response?
Yes, today I am deciding to follow Jesus
Yes, I am already a follower of Jesus
I still have questions


text: parental rights Senate passes bill allowing termination of rapist's parental rights By Michigan Radio Newsroom • Dec 16, 2015 Brian Turner / Flickr Creative Commons / http://michrad.io/1LXrdJM A new law would protect rape victims from a custody battle with their rapists when a child is conceived. The Michigan Senate unanimously passed legislation this week that would allow courts to terminate a rapist's parental rights to a child conceived by the rape of the mother. Senate Bill 629 was introduced by Republican Sen. Rick Jones earlier this month. Michigan Supreme Court will hear arguments in grandparents' visitation case By Steve Carmody • Jan 14, 2014 Steve Carmody/Michigan Radio The Michigan Supreme Court will consider a case tomorrow involving a grandparent's right to have visitation with a grandchild. In the case, the parents of a man whose parental rights to his two children were terminated sued for visitation. The man's parental rights were terminated following allegations of physical abuse. He has since died. Court: Michigan man has no rights to child linked to affair By The Associated Press • Sep 20, 2013 Steve Carmody/Michigan Radio MOUNT CLEMENS, Mich. (AP) - A man seeking custody of a child born to a married woman has lost at the Michigan appeals court in a case linked to a new law that's intended to give men more rights.The court says Aaron Grimes still can't intervene because he knew that Shawnita Van Hook-Williams was married during their affair. Michigan recognizes a woman's husband as the legal parent even if he's not the biological father.


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Analytical Psychology:
For C. G. Jung, 1925 was a watershed year. He turned fifty, visited the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and the tribesmen of East Africa, published his first book on the principles of analytical psychology meant for the lay public, and gave the first of his formal seminars in English. The seminar, conducted in weekly meetings during the spring and summer, began with a notably personal account of the development of his thinking from 1896 up to his break with Freud in 1912. It moved on to discussions of the basic tenets of analytical psychology--the collective unconscious, typology, the archetypes, and the anima/animus theory. In the elucidation of that theory, Jung analyzed in detail the symbolism in Rider Haggard's She and other novels. Besides these literary paradigms, he made use of case material, examples in the fine arts, and diagrams.
Other Princeton books by C.G. Jung, Gerhard Adler, and/or R.F.C. Hull:
Other Princeton books authored or coauthored by William McGuire:
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Top Definition
Originated by Jonathan Welhous, when in a depressed mood, asking your self "what is evil" will help you realize the meaning of life.
All in...Call....Trip Queens.....Full house..... WHAT IS EVIL?!?
by eaglez1989 June 04, 2010
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Welcome to our website! Our parish is built on the rich tradition of the Catholic Church drawing on the great stories of Sacred Heart and St Francis parishes which amalgamated in 2007. Our deep roots in the vibrant community of Gorton dating back to 1862 enable us to welcome and reach out to everyone with the peace and joy of Jesus Christ.
Our parish project SAFE is social action rooted in faith, our response to the needs of our local community. Please get in touch if you want to be involved, or just want to know more.
For all the latest news and events in our parish please see the weekly newsletter.
RT @Pontifex: The Rosary is a prayer which always accompanies me. It's also the prayer of ordinary people and the saints...and a prayer from my heart.
RT @Pontifex: To live joyfully we must let go of anger, wrath, violence, and revenge.
RT @Pontifex: Let us walk together taking care of each other and of Creation, our common home.
RT @Pontifex: The concrete sign that we have truly encountered Jesus is the joy that we show in communicating it to others.


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Now if I could only get this same scene with three Central of Georgia RS-3's, I'd be in heaven...
489 is steamed up and fit with a plow to lead tomorrows flanger special for photographers on the east end of the CT&S.
A southbound off of the old SAL comes through East Wye in the distance and knocks down the signal at Huff Road, while a trespasser occupies the other main. Note the interesting arrangement of sear... (more)
Further up from the depot, this trio of Geeps are tucked away on a storage track. Note this well-weathered GP38-2 is sublettered for the Georgia Southern & Florida.
Under a crescent moon, this US&S Type TR-2 "tri-light" stands guard along the former SAL/CG interlocking. The SAL used to be CTC from Birmingham to Atlanta, but was abandoned by CSX in 1989. The r... (more)
An alternate scheduled Q199 (hence the "L199"), traverses one of the many dips and hogbacks along the Abbeville Sub. This train originates in Charlotte, and terminates at Hulsey Yard, in downtown ... (more)
IIC 8652, a former Lehigh Valley SW900, sits idle on a Sunday morning.
A746 winds down the hill and through the broad curve at the XXB 105.
Pan shot of the elegantly simple KCS boxcars coming over the Central of Georgia diamond at Opelika.
About to sneak by us, we caught T101 at Pyne, before it got on its way to meeting another at Standing Rock. Note the doll armed searchlight signal on the inside of the curve. A dwarf resides at ... (more)
The local's head power is gone, but they stuck a third unit on the rear to probably account for some tricky switching maneuvers around the Port of Providence.
A second section of NS 137 prepares to shove back into the connection with the EARY. M37 would then leave all but one car. The traimaster was riding with the crew, and would later hop on NS 334 to... (more)
A light local shuffles around the yard at Cartersville, as a rock train waits for a signal in the foreground.
Here's a view of the railroad side at the NS Atlanta intermodal facility in Austell, GA
NS 198 rolls over the bridge crossing AL Hwy 169 on its way to Columbus, GA.


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Well, David, I have always operated on the principle that wildlife
has as much, if not more right to live on my land and this planet as
I do; that it is my responsibility to come up with creative ways to
get around whatever destructive proclivities they have...and fencing
out the deer is my solution. I agree with Claire, the only way to
keep a garden in deer territory is fence them out - and like Claire,
deer are free to roam the rest of my woodland; just NOT inside the
I don't regard it as an either/or issue. You can value wildlife and
value your garden at the same time and to the same degree and still
not want the wildlife to ruin the garden. I see no contradiction
Of course the problem is that the balance is out of wack...that's the
problem with humans vs nature all over the world, but most
particularly in the suburban/urban areas. Well, I'm not even sure we
can limit it to that because farming, by its very nature, is an
unnatural activity which causes imbalance in the native ecosystem.
Actually, it seems that ALL human activity results in
imbalance...hmmm...that says something about us humans, doesn't it?
I'd almost take your rats....well, almost:-) We actually have a
family of rural rats that I don't really mind; they're quite handsome
The issue is, really, how to solve with the problem that we have
created...it is a problem, not only for human gardens, but for the
rest of the wildlife in our woods whose habitat is disappearing -
along with the wildflowers.
Marge Talt, zone 7 Maryland
Editor: Gardening in Shade
Current Article: Wild, Wonderful Aroids Part 3 - Amorphophallus
Complete Index of Articles by Category and Date
All Suite101.com garden topics :
> From: David Franzman <firstname.lastname@example.com>
> I think I need to clarify my position before I'm accosted by Ceres
and Marge
> and apparently a new member (Claire! Welcome Claire!)
> I agree with both Linda and Libby. The problem is not too many
deer it's too
> little habitat and not enough predators. The balance is out of
whack. There
> are too many people who want to live the rural life and have their
> too. I have to confess I am one of these. Hopefully within the
next ten
> years I'll be a distant neighbor of Linda's. If there were a
benevolent, all
> knowing leader we should all live in mega-highrises right in the
middle of
> metro areas within walking distance to our jobs, stores, schools
etc. That
> way we could leave the rest of the world to operate as it
should...in the
> state of nature. Do I want to live that way? No! But I never
claimed to be
> an exception to anything.
> My point in this was for those who choose a rural life to then
complain about
> the wildlife seems kinda funny to me. I realize that the
population of the
> deer is exploding but that's because so many of us want to live in
> areas AND not want to worry about wolves stalking them. If this
seems like
> I'm talking in circles it is because I am and as Linda Ellerby used
to say
> "And so it goes!" (Side note: I know so many stories of people
who move to
> places like Alaska and then complain and shoot the bears, wolves
and other
> predators because they are afraid of them as perhaps they should
be. I hate
> that.)
> Note to Claire: As much as I hate to say this to a new member but
> your garden isn't more important to me as the wildlife that inhabit
> area. Believe me my garden is very important to me as well but a
> environment is far more important as far as I'm concerned.
> This is a little morbid for a gardening chat group but I've heard
many folks
> describe the human species as a germ. A germ that kills everything
in it's
> wake as it slowly spreads and increase exponentially until
ultimately it
> kills it's host...the planet. I'm reminded of that analogy
whenever topics
> like this come up.
> Marge, Ceres you know I don't mean anything derogatory when I write
> stuff. I understand your problem. However, Marge I would be
willing to
> trade you a dozen whitetails for a like number of urban rats which
seem to be
> multiplying in these parts as of late.
> I just thought of a bumper sticker: Save the native
wildflowers...take down
> your fences! Seriously, the only answer is to cull the herds. I'm
all for
> reintroducing predators, wolves, mountain lions into the ecosystem.
> wouldn't walk alone at night though but it's something they should
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message text UNSUBSCRIBE GARDENCHAT


text:
Chances are, the team at 4 Pines weren't the first Australians to check out their local bars only to conclude there wasn't a single good beer to be found in any of them. Equally, the chances are very few have decided to do something about it by opening a venue and brewing their own. Mostly Western Australian in origin and starved of the quality beer they'd become used to in WA, where the Aussie craft beer revolution started, that's exactly what they did.
The result of their enterprise is 4 Pines, which started out as brewery, bar and restaurant overlooking the Manly ferry terminal and, particularly since the opening of an ever-expanding 50 hectolitre (ie big) brewery in Brookvale, is playing a key role in turning Sydneysiders (and much of Australia) onto better beer. Opened in the middle of 2008 when there wasn't an Aussie craft beer to be found anywhere in the suburb, it rapidly earned a reputation for brewing a quality drop. They started out with four core beers - Kolsch, Pale, Hefeweizen and ESB - but have expanded to a point where those are now complemented by 15 to 20 seasonals and specialty batches every year plus the world's first ever beer designed for consumption in space, their 4 Pines "Vostok Space Beer" Stout - www.vostokspacebeer.com .
The opening of their offsite brewery in Brookvale, which is engulfing its surrounding industrial estate like The Blob, has allowed them to share the love and send more beer outside the local community; even so, demand has grown so fast they've had to meet it with outsourced brewing, although work is underway to bring it all back home. The beers themselves have won as many plaudits as thirsty fans, with the Stout winning Best Stout in the world at a past Australian International Beer Awards, the ESB collecting Champion Pale Ale in the busiest category of the inaugural Craft Beer Awards and the brewery itself bringing home Champion Large Brewery titles at both the Craft Beer Awards and Australian International Beer Awards.
Aside from the beer, the 4 Pines kitchen in Manly keeps many locals come back multiple times a week. From an eye fillet steak, to their famous chunky chips the menu covers all bases, while the mega burger and signature beef pie are the stuff of local legend, The venue also hosts live music every Tuesday, Wednesday and Sunday. You'll even find a magician wandering between the tables on Thursdays in what could be an Aussie brewery first, plus special beer nights and themed beer events and festivals, all of which you can keep up to date with by joining their beer club.
You can now join them at the Brookvale site too. They opened a 21-tap Brookvale Truck Bar alongside the brewery, huge space purpose built for enjoying the freshest beer possible while standing in the inner sanctum of a working brewery. Built into a 1960 Dodge truck, the taps pour the 4 Pines core range, a rotating showcase of small batch 'Keller Door' beers plus a couple of wines for the yet to be converted.
Here's hoping more Australians who can't find good beer at their local follow the 4 Pines example.


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The associate executive director of the Knox County YMCA will work his final day today.
Justin Inskeep has served the Galesburg community since 2004, when he took over as head baseball coach at Carl Sandburg College.
In 2005, he made the transition to the Y, and seven years ago he became associate director of the organization.
Inskeep will conclude 10 years with the Y in his last day today. The outgoing associate director will soon begin his new position as executive director of a YMCA in the Memphis, Tennessee area.
Inskeep tells the WGIL Morning News, that he accepted the new position because he felt the family atmosphere was right at the Memphis facility.
"One thing that I noticed most, was that they spoke a lot about and had a lot of questions about my family, and were very family oriented, which is how I am as well," says Inskeep. "It felt like a fantastic fit and opportunity for my personal and professional career. I think its a good time in our life to make this jump."
Inskeep says that he won't be forgetting his time in Knox County. He says "the people of this area have treated him well, and that his time here will be a lasting memory."


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