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I might have it figured out that I need .fbl and to rename the map files.
My first post and sorry it has to be a newbie question. I signed up a couple hours ago and try to do all the searching I can before ever asking a question. I've attached a couple screenshots to show you I'm not kidding on the research and attempts to make this work.
Back at the end of January I purchased (for my high school son) a Chinese Android 4.4.2 car cam/GPS rear view mirror that had iGo USA pre-installed and had to reset it a couple times because it was freezing up. The last time, about a month ago, when I reset it the iGo software left the building so I have no navigation, which is really what I purchased it for. I've tried the other apps on the Playstore but there are none that I like as much as iGo and the seller refuses to help me (big surprise) nor will eBay or Paypal.
This is where my search started and it took off from there:
[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]
I've been searching, downloading, installing dozens of different files with no luck. I got iGO_Primo_188.8.131.525822.apk to install but the program says, "map files cannot be found" even through I have all the individual state in map folder under content in FTR, FPA, & FJW formats). I do have POIs. There are lot's of different licenses (screen shot) but when I click on "United States & Canada NQ Primo 2015 Q3" it takes me to another screen with "Address points, driver alerts, ...maps,...smart route profiles" and doesn't let me do anything if I try to select them. I have the female English voice but that's about it besides the blank map. I've went through the defaults and set it up again but no luck.
I'm doing everything I can by following all the thread instructions but no luck. I'm at my wits end and if I had any hair left I'd be pulling it out. Can anyone help a brother out and I would be extremely grateful as I don't want my son messing with his phone while driving. I'd prefer to install on the mirror's internal memory (only 8gb so around 4gb is free at the moment) but if I have to use it with an SD card that's okay too. Thanks in advance!
John G.
Last edited by clubrepair; 4th June 2016 at 21:22.
I might have it figured out that I need .fbl and to rename the map files.
You're having a problem because you're dealing with a real program instead of a cracked one from here. Cracked one has the license folder modified to accept free content. Real one needs purchasing of content. Make a back up of your program to a safe place first. Then download a cracked program from here. Delete your .exe, license folder and save folder from your program and copy/paste the .exe and the license folder to your program from the cracked one. A new save folder will be automatically created the next start/exit of the program. Should work.
Last edited by chas521; 4th June 2016 at 22:09.
Thanks for the tip! Before I follow your instructions I think I have it working correctly, less the voice. It says, "unsupported voice, please check the log." I did a default setting and set everything back up but "English (US) female Amy v2299288" isn't working. The only other thing is that it made me move the iGo folder with all the data to my memory card as it said, "Insert iGo sd card" and wish I could get it to work from the internal memory. Any ideas? Thanks again!
Well, I just went around the block using a route and Amy was talking to me even though I have to click out of the unsupported voice pop-up when the GPS first starts. I'll post back if I have more problems. I like figuring out things before I start asking questions but was stuck. If I can figure out how to use from internal memory (it's on both internal and SD right now but not recognized on internal) instead of SD card that would be great. I format the SD card from the dash cam setting when the disk is full since it doesn't have loop recording. It's 2 clicks to do this and very easy. The default dash cam app won't let me uninstall it to replace with a different that has loop recording. Again, thanks.
Last edited by clubrepair; 5th June 2016 at 07:14.


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Athletics Awards Banquet
Start Date: May 7, 2015
End Date: May 7, 2015
Time: 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm
The Athletics Awards Banquet recognizes and pays tribute to senior student-athletes for their time and dedication to the Becker College athletics program. Each senior student-athlete is presented with a Becker College watch. In addition, the athletics department presents four individual awards: the Scholar-Athlete Award, the Outstanding Male Athlete Award, the Outstanding Female Athlete Award, and the Gene R. Alley Sportsmanship Award. For more information, contact Frank Millerick, assistant vice president and director of athletics, at 774.354.0481 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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by Amy Bearinger, Published March 26, 2012
Every year the Undergraduate Symposium hosts a unique group of student presenters known as Undergraduate Symposium Research Fellows (SURF). The SURF program provides outstanding students, who are often new to the University, an opportunity to extend their educational experience and academic passion beyond the classroom.
Second-year SURF Maggie Martin, double-major in German language and literature and history, has taken the "beyond the classroom" element of the SURF program quite literally. Currently studying abroad in Germany, Martin is doing research in the very country that is the subject for her project, something only a very few students get to experience.
Martin's project titled, "Nazis in the Making: German Youth in the Third Reich," outlines the importance that Nazis put on training youth during the Third Reich to become good, loyal, Nazi party members. Using the education curriculum and mandatory children's programs that were used during the era, Martin intends to highlight how Nazi ideologies were aimed at affecting every part of a youth's life.
"This project aims to show not only how valuable the minds of youth were in Nazi Germany," Martin explained, "but also how the minds of youth are so valuable in any society."
According to Martin, being able to do research in Germany has been an amazing opportunity that will enhance her project and research outcomes.
"I've been able to visit relevant museums and memorials to gather information for my research," Martin said. "Being able to do some of my research in a foreign language has been a bit of a challenge, but very rewarding."
Martin will return home for her Symposium presentation, which will be presented in Session C in room 350 of the Student Center. For more information about the Symposium and schedule of student presentations, please visit emich.edu/symposium.
Geoff Larcom
Eastern Michigan University, Education First
Ypsilanti, MI, USA 48197 | 734.487.1849
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Maloof Brothers Net Worth: Maloof Brothers are part of the prominent Las Vegas, Nevada family of business property owners who have a net worth of $1 billion dollars. The origin of the family name is 'Maalouf' and of Lebanese descent. Originally transplanted to New Mexico, the Maloof's success began with the distributing rights of Coors Beer in the Southwest U.S. in 1937. The Maloofs were also the owners of the Sacramento Kings (professional basketball team) 1998-2013. The family consists of George J. Maloof, Sr., his wife Colleen and their children: Adrienne Maloof-Nassif and her brothers Joe, Gavin, George Jr., and Phil. When George, Sr. passed away at the age of 57, his wife Colleen assumed control of the entire Maloof operation. Rather than selling off the company assets, she teamed up with her five children. Under Colleen Maloof, the family expanded their beer and liquor distribution operations and later opened their first gaming property in 1992. From 1990 to 1992 the family also owned the Birmingham Fire of the World League of American Football. In the 100-plus years that define the Maloof Companies, customer service and a strong work ethic combined with energy and vision are the bragging points that built this one-time general store into a business model for diversified success. In 2008, brothers Joe and Gavin Maloof founded the Maloof Money Cup, a competition for both professional and amateur skateboarders. The competition is held within U.S. events of the U.S. Pro Men's and Women's Street Championships, the U.S. Pro Vert Championships, and the Maloof Money Cup AM Championships. A spring New York date and an autumn South Africa date (entitled the Maloof Money Cup World Skateboarding Championships).
Maloof Brothers Net Worth
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Nano Harvey Cross
$ 1,000.00
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A new and updated design for introduced in late 2015, our new and updated Harvey Cross is now available. The Harvey Cross is beautifully set with stunning round diamonds. A hallmark design of IF & Co. dating back since to late 1990's. A matching chain is included. Total carat weight about 0.50 carats. Height approximately 0.8" tall. Nano sized.


text:
Defeated Holy Beast
|You defeated Holy Beast at Numara Atoll.
The Holy Beast can be found on disc 4, once you've acquired the White Boa. Go inside the Guest Area floor of the White Boa and head straight into the Queen's Room at the end of the floor. Talk to Ming who is standing there then press A on the Harp in front of her. You may need to visit Numara Atoll first, which is a small circular island on top of Numara to trigger a scene with Ming.
Boss tips:
Suggested average level is 45-50+
This battle is straightforward. Just equip Anti-Sleep on everyone since the Holy Beast casts Sleep on everyone and performs a powerful spell at 9999 damage when it's HP is in critical level. Equip Earth rings on Kaim and Seth and cast Powerus on both, or simply cast Groundus spells with Sarah and Ming. When he casts Sleep on everyone, you have 3 turns to defeat him or he'll do the 9999 damage spell and kill, so take him out fast.
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|Backward compatible on Xbox One: Yes
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June 4, 2015 11:56 am
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More disaster money for the Federal Emergency Management Agency is turning out to be the holdup in the continuing resolution debate. David Hawkings, the Editor of CQ Roll Call's Daily Briefing, is talks about how much more funding agencies could get and the challenges of getting it into the bill.
Photos of the amazing, moving, important and amusing things happening in the federal community.
A daily update of important moments in the history of the U.S. government.


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Pornstars Like It Big 19 [DVD9] (2014/Brazzers/7.65GB)
Here you will find fresh porn videos, movies for every taste. You can download their by clicking on the link site file-sharing service Nitroflare, Uploaded, Gigapeta, Keep2Share.cc and many other.
Carwash Day! Bubble Butts and Sudsy Sluts Your favorite Brazzers babes are running a slutty car wash today! Picture four of our hottest bubbliest babes slipping and sliding over big, dirty sports cars til they sparkle. Today, Keiran Lee takes 4! Blue Romance: Part One Alektra Blue`s in way over her head. She never knows exactly what criminal shit Keiran and Manuel are going to get up to next. But she doesn`t ask too many questions, since the sex is the best she`s ever had in her life. Kortney Kills: Part 2 Kortney`s quest to avenge her boyfriend leads her to the man responsible for the hit, her ex-lover and gang leader Manuel Ferrara. But Manuel is a man who knows what he wants. He wants Kortney`s asshole. A Cock Always Finds Its Home Selena Rose has a top-notch security system to protect the outside world from her ravenous nympho lust. Selena is so starved for dick she started hallucinating big fat cocks everywhere. Hosing Down Her Titties Aryana is enjoying herself in the infinity pool. She peels off her bikini and splashes around nude. Her fuck buddy Keiran shows up, they get right down to enjoying a dirty fuck under the afternoon sun.
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Size: 7.66 GB
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Behavioral and/or developmental plasticity is crucial for resisting the impacts of environmental stressors. We investigated the plasticity of adult foraging behavior and chick development in an offshore foraging seabird, the black noddy (Anous minutus), during two breeding seasons. The first season had anomalously high sea-surface temperatures and 'low' prey availability, while the second was a season of below average sea-surface temperatures and 'normal' food availability. During the second season, supplementary feeding of chicks was used to manipulate offspring nutritional status in order to mimic conditions of high prey availability. When sea-surface temperatures were hotter than average, provisioning rates were significantly and negatively impacted at the day-to-day scale. Adults fed chicks during this low-food season smaller meals but at the same rate as chicks in the unfed treatment the following season. Supplementary feeding of chicks during the second season also resulted in delivery of smaller meals by adults, but did not influence feeding rate. Chick begging and parental responses to cessation of food supplementation suggested smaller meals fed to artificially supplemented chicks resulted from a decrease in chick demands associated with satiation, rather than adult behavioral responses to chick condition. During periods of low prey abundance, chicks maintained structural growth while sacrificing body condition and were unable to take advantage of periods of high prey abundance by increasing growth rates. These results suggest that this species expresses limited plasticity in provisioning behavior and offspring development. Consequently, responses to future changes in sea-surface temperature and other environmental variation may be limited.
Citation: Devney CA, Caley MJ, Congdon BC (2010) Plasticity of Noddy Parents and Offspring to Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11891. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011891
Editor: Darren Mark Evans, University of Hull, United Kingdom
Received: April 8, 2010; Accepted: June 19, 2010; Published: July 29, 2010
Copyright: © 2010 Devney et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: Data collection was financially supported by the following: James Cook University Graduate Research Support Scheme Grant, Stuart Leslie Bird Research Award, Birds Queensland Research Grant, GBRMPA Science for Management Award, Australian Research Council LP 0562157, and an AIMS@JCU PhD Scholarship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Contemporary climate change has led to organisms encountering more extreme and variable environmental conditions [1], [2]. Organisms with greater behavioral, phenological, developmental and/or physiological plasticity are generally better able to cope with such environmental variation and extremes (e.g., [3], [4], [5]). Some studies of long-lived vertebrates with low reproductive capacity support this idea. Individuals of these species that can adjust their behavior, morphology and/or physiology to changing environmental conditions have greater lifetime reproductive success [6], [7], [8]. Greater plasticity of life-history traits, however, is not always the best strategy. For example, low behavioral plasticity might be selected in long-lived vertebrates where a fixed level of parental investment in young maximizes adult survival and lifetime reproductive success [9], [10]. This prediction is consistent with patterns of reproductive investment in species such as seabirds where during periods of low prey abundance adults either forego breeding, or abandon young, rather than reduce their own probability of survival [11], [12], [13], [14]. However, the generality of such responses in all long-lived species is questionable; some breeding seabirds will, to a limited degree, adjust foraging patterns to changes in environmental conditions at the expense of their future survival [15], [16]. In addition, where such plasticity occurs it is uncertain whether it is sufficient to allow species to cope with the environmental variation they face.
Offspring developmental plasticity may also buffer species against environmental variation and extremes [17]. Here again, the optimal strategy may not always be to have the highest possible levels of plasticity during development. For example, high growth rates in the face of large and unpredictable variations in provisioning rates, or meals sizes, may compromise an offspring's ability to maintain itself above starvation levels during periods of low provisioning [18]. In such species, developmental rates may be optimized for long-term average food availability (e.g., [19]). As with adult foraging, avian developmental patterns have proven both flexible [4], [20] and inflexible [21], [22] in response to temporal variations in food supply.
Therefore, in many long-lived species such as seabirds, it remains unclear how either adult provisioning behavior or chick developmental patterns respond to environmental variation. Here we report the results of a study designed to address this uncertainty by simultaneously evaluating flexibility in adult foraging behavior and chick development in a long-lived species of seabird characterized by a relatively low rate of adult mortality and reproduction, a single-egg clutch, and slow chick maturation, the black noddy (Anous minutus). Anecdotal evidence suggests that food available to this species is related to sea-surface temperatures (SST), and that noddies fare poorly during extreme warm water events [11], [23]. For example, mass mortality of black noddy adults and chicks was observed on the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, in January 1998 [24] coincident with both elevated SSTs [25] and a severe coral bleaching event [26]. Exploiting this combination of traits, we compared adult foraging behavior and chick developmental patterns in response to a series of supplementary feeding manipulations between 28 November 2006 and 5 January 2007. In addition, we examined the plasticity of these characteristics in response to decreases in prey availability by comparing our 2006/07 results to patterns of foraging behavior and chick growth observed during an anomalous warm-water event in the Southern GBR the previous year (i.e. December 2005 to February 2006 [27]). Specifically, we tested (1) the relationship between food availability and SST variation for black noddies and (2) whether adult foraging/provisioning behavior and/or chick growth and development responded to food availability.
Study site and species
We studied black noddies at Heron Island (23°26′S; 151°51′ E), in the Capricorn Section of the GBR Marine Park, Australia, over two consecutive austral summer breeding seasons (2005/06 and 2006/07). Approximately 30,000–70,000 black noddies nest on Heron Island each season [23]. Black noddies lay a single-egg clutch and typically only one clutch per season [28]. Sexes are morphologically indistinguishable in the field [29] and pair-bonding is strong; only the members of a mated pair attend any particular nest [30]. Both parents take turns brooding, with the chick constantly brooded for a few days after hatching, then left unattended most of the day [29]. Parents feed their chick by regurgitation, with food offered in several small batches immediately upon their return from foraging; unclaimed food is retained by the parent [28].
Experimental design
Four treatment groups of chicks were exposed to differences in prey availability over the two years; one treatment group was strictly observational and three were experimental and involved supplemental feeding. During the 2005/06 breeding season (December 2005 and January 2006) chick rearing coincided with an anomalous warm-water event (Fig. 1) and low prey availability (this study). Eighteen breeding pairs from this year were monitored and are referred to here as the low food treatment. The 2006/07 breeding season (December 2006 and January 2007) coincided with periods of slightly below-average sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) (Fig. 1). A group of 8 breeding pairs from this year was monitored in an unmanipulated 'normal' food treatment. Two levels of supplementary feeding of chicks were imposed on two separate groups of 7 and 6 breeding pairs in 2006/07. These feeding treatments mimicked conditions of 'medium-high' and 'high' prey availability respectively (see 'Supplementary feeding' below). In all cases, each breeding pair was included in only a single treatment. The four treatments investigated here could not be replicated in both years, but estimates of other environmental variables including ambient temperature, precipitation, and wind did not differ consistently or substantially in magnitude between years (Devney, unpublished data). Here we are less interested in statistical significance among treatment than exploring the range of possible responses of these birds to realistic levels of environmental variation. Hence, the treatments examined here illustrate the scope of the responses by this species to the range of environments imposed upon them by natural environmental variation (2005/06) and our experimental manipulations (2006/07).
November–March austral summers of 2005/06 (dashed line, mean: 28.27±0.15°C) and 2006/07 (solid line, mean: 24.14±0.19°C) sea-surface temperature averaged by 24-hour period from data collected hourly by temperature loggers submerged at 0–3 m depth at seven locations in the Heron Island lagoon. Dashed vertical lines show a confidence interval (95% CI) envelope around the mean lagoonal sea-surface temperature during austral summers between 1995 and 2007 (26.09±0.09°C). 2005/06 and 2006/07 SSTs were outside the 95% CI envelope on nearly all days investigated.
At least one adult from each study nest was captured by hand and colour-banded for individual identification. Hatching dates of chicks were determined either by checking the status of each nest daily, or estimated from linear regressions of culmen length against chick age [31]. All chicks studied hatched within 5 days of the peak hatching date in the study area. Chicks were weighed to the nearest 0.1 g using an electronic scale at 06:00 and 18:00 hrs each day from 28 November–23 December 2005 (range of ages = 5–27 days; mean = 11.92±0.23 (SE) days) and from 28 November 2006–5 January 2007 (range of ages = 5–39 days; mean = 16.17±0.71 (SE) days). Chick culmen, tarsus and wing chord lengths were estimated (±0.1 mm) every second day using digital calipers.
In 2005, adult provisioning rates at nests were also assessed during 12-hr nest watches between ∼06:30–18:30 hrs on 20 out of the 26 days on which chicks were weighed and measured. In 2006/07, and based on observations from 2005 that feeding was negligible during the middle of the day, adult provisioning rates were assessed during twice-daily 4–5 hour nest watches during the morning and afternoon (∼06:30–11:00 hrs & 14:30–19:00 hrs) on 26 out of 39 days on which chicks were weighed and measured. Observers were positioned so that all nests (n = 18 in 2005/06 and n = 21 in 2006/07) were monitored simultaneously each day. Frequencies of feeding by individual parents were recorded and chicks were weighed before and after feeding events. Meal sizes were then calculated from changes in chick body mass that were corrected for mass lost through digestion, respiration and excretion between weighings, using equations based on natural rates of mass loss for this species (as per [32], Devney, unpublished data). Meal sizes and feeding frequency were determined for each adult at individual nests. Black noddies at this location are accustomed to high levels of human disturbance, often nesting within meters of high-intensity human activity (i.e., housing, footpaths, and dining halls). The level of disturbance associated with this study is unlikely to have influenced our results given this acclimation to human activity and similar disturbance levels across years and treatments.
Supplementary feeding
Chicks in the medium-high and high food treatments in 2006/07 were hand-fed supplemental food consisting of freshly thawed white pilchards (Sardinops neopilchardus), a member of the family Clupeidae and prey of black noddies [33], [34]. Pilchards were stored frozen until required and warmed to ambient temperature (about 28°C) before being mashed slightly and delivered to chicks. The amount and frequency of food supplementation varied between the two groups of supplemented chicks. Chicks in the medium-high supplementation treatment received ∼one-third of the total food provisioned by both its parents per day (mean = 9.36±0.36 g, or 0.137±0.003 grams per gram of chick, n = 182) daily by a single meal at 06:00 hrs over a total of 24 days, ranging between the average ages of 5.3±0.3 and 36.3±0.3 days (from 2–8 December, 11–22 December and 28 December 2006–2 January 2007). Chicks in the high food supplementation treatment were fed the equivalent of ∼two-thirds of the total food provisioned by both its parents per day (mean = 16.21±0.52 g, or 0.261±0.005 grams per gram of chick, n = 156) via two supplementary meals provided daily, one at 06:00 hrs and another at 14:00 hrs. The amount of food provisioned by adults increased as chick mass increased. Therefore, in order to supplement food at these predetermined levels, the mass of food to be supplemented was determined from previous measurements of provisioning for that chick. Chicks in the control (normal food treatment) group in 2006/07 were subjected to the same degree of handling, but received no supplementary food.
Black noddies roost in colonies at night and depart to forage at dawn. When foraging, each parent returns to feed their chick 1–3 meals per day, exclusively during daylight hours [29]. Therefore, supplements given at 06:00 and 14:00 hrs ensured that chicks in the supplemented groups received food just prior to their parents returning to feed them. Despite these chicks having received supplemental food they were still capable of accepting meals from their parents. The average quantity of food delivered per meal by a foraging adult is about 12 g, but chicks as young as 5 days of age can consume >20 g of food in a single meal (Devney, unpublished data).
Chick condition and vocal behavior
To examine whether provisioning by adult black noddies was related to chick condition, provisioning by adults was explored as a function of chick body condition [35]. The body condition of individual chicks relative to their body size was estimated prior to feeding (at 06:00 hrs) on every second day of the study. Condition was estimated by regressing chick body mass against tarsus size for all chicks every two days and then dividing the chick-specific residuals from each analysis by the predicted values from the regression equation obtained for the same day (as per [32]). When assessing chick condition, a subset of the data for which all meals were actually measured in a day (rather than from using the corrections from mass loss due to digestion, respiration, and excretion) was used.
In some seabird species, begging by chicks indicates their condition [36]. Therefore, throughout the experiment, we examined whether or not chicks begged for food when adults returned to nests during daily nest watches. Chicks beg by uttering chirping calls and assuming a begging posture only in the presence of a parent [28]. Sometimes, both black noddy parents return to the nest to feed their chick within a few minutes of each other. When this occurs, the possibility of a second meal rapidly following the first may not initiate a begging response from the chick. Thus, in order to use vocal behavior as an estimate of chick satiation between nests and days, we only monitored begging, whether or not at least one begging chirp was vocalized by a chick, prior to the first meal delivered by an adult to a particular nest each day.
It was not possible to weigh adults each time they arrived at their nests to provision young. Therefore, to determine whether adults with supplemented chicks adjusted the amount of food they collected at-sea based on chick condition, or alternatively, whether they returned with food that was not subsequently fed to chicks, we did two things. First, hand-feeding of chicks was stopped twice during the study, once on 9–10 December 2006 and again on 3–4 January 2007, but nest observations continued as usual. This was done to see if meal sizes delivered to chicks would increase. Second, the presence/absence of chick begging when an adult returned from the first foraging trip of the day was recorded and assessed between food treatment groups to see whether chick satiation levels were influencing meal sizes.
Sea-surface temperature data
Sea-surface temperature (SST) data were obtained from seven Seabird Temperature Recorders (SBE39) deployed by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) within a 7 km radius of the Heron Island lagoon. For each monitoring station, daily average SSTs were computed from the SST measurements recorded every hour at depths from 0.3–1.6 m. Temperature data from each monitoring site were compared with data collected during the same period at each of the other monitoring sites. All temperatures from in-situ loggers were highly correlated with each other, with r values for each day ranging between 0.768 and 0.986 (P<0.001).
In general, black noddies forage between 15 and 80 km from nesting or roosting islands [28], [37]. However, in this study, flocks of foraging birds were frequently observed from Heron Island, foraging just beyond the nearby reef edge (Devney, pers. obs.). Thus, to determine the comparability between daily SSTs collected locally using in situ loggers and more distant SSTs remotely sensed by satellite, local temperature data obtained from loggers were compared with daily average SST data derived from between one or two daily 'snapshot' images from an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (Ver. 3) flown onboard a NOAA 18 series satellite [38] between 12:30 and 15:10 hrs Australian Eastern Standard Time. The mean temperatures from the seven in situ loggers were significantly correlated with satellite-derived values averaged for the 50×50 km grid square centred on Heron Island (F1,18 = 7.49, r = 0.542, P = 0.014). We used the local in situ SST data in preference to the remotely sensed SSTs in our assessments because in situ data were available for more days of the study as logger data are unaffected by cloud cover.
Statistical analysis
All data were tested for normality and homogeneity of variance; data that did not conform to these assumptions were log10 transformed. Student's t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were used for further analysis where these assumptions were met. Group differences were assessed using Tukey's tests.
We used residuals from least squares regressions of mass, and wing and tarsus lengths versus age to test whether growth between 5 and 21 days was linear. Linear growth was assumed where the residuals of such regressions were approximately normally distributed around zero. Similar periods of linear chick growth have been documented in a number of other seabird species [39], [40] and are useful for intra-specific comparisons by providing an estimate of chick growth throughout a specific chick-rearing period. The slopes of these linear models for mass, tarsus length and wing length from each chick were then compared among feeding treatments using one-way ANOVA.
Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test for changes in meal sizes and begging frequency between periods with and without supplementation (2006/07 only). These comparisons were made between treatment groups and supplementation periods. To measure plasticity of adult foraging behavior in daily meal mass provided to chicks and feeding frequency, a single average value for each of these variables was derived for each nest. In this way, independence of the samples was maintained and the effect of flexibility of the pair of adults was sampled. These values were then compared for group differences using one-way ANOVA.
In order to assess the response of a parent to an individual chick's condition over time, estimates of a chick's condition at any point should be statistically independent of its condition on other days in the comparison (i.e., there should be no temporal autocorrelation). Time series analysis of estimates of chick condition revealed significant autocorrelation between condition estimates taken at two-, but not four-day intervals in both sampling years. Thus, estimates of chick condition were compared to meal sizes provided by parents at four-day intervals.
Results below are presented as averages±1 standard error (SE), unless otherwise stated. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows Version 17.0. Work was authorised under Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service Permit WITK02654804, Australian Bird and Band Banding Scheme Authority numbers 1386 and 2665 and James Cook University Ethics Approval A954_04.
SST & foraging success
For a significant portion of the 2005/06 black noddy breeding season (November–March), daily SSTs on the southern GBR exceeded long-term averages by 1–1.5°C (GBRMPA, 2006)(Fig. 1). Foraging success decreased with increasing SST in 2005/06, with SST negatively related to both log10 daily feeding frequency (F1,18 = 70.80, r2 = 0.797 P<0.001; Fig. 2a) and total daily meal mass (F1,18 = 24.07, r2 = 0.572 P = 0.001; Fig. 2b) (per gram of chick) provided by adults. Similar relationships were not evident in 2006/07 (log10 daily feeding frequency: F1,24 = 0.78, r2 = 0.032 P = 0.385; meal size: F1,26 = 1.53, r2 = 0.055 P = 0.228; Figs. 2a and b).
(A) log10 transformed daily feeding frequency and (B) total daily meal mass that were normalized for chick size (by dividing by grams of chick mass) for unsupplemented nests in 2005/06 (•, low food treatment) and unsupplemented nests in 2006/07 (○, normal food treatment), compared to day-to-day sea-surface temperature.
Plasticity of parental care
Daily total meal sizes brought to chicks by adults during periods of differing prey availability differed significantly (Fig. 3a) with adults from the low natural food treatment and the high supplementation food treatment bringing the smallest meals and adults from the normal food treatment bringing the largest (one-way ANOVA, F3,35 = 116.32, P<0.001). The mean number of meals fed to chicks each day over the study period was not the same among the four treatment groups (one-way ANOVA, F3,35 = 4.36, P = 0.012; Fig. 3b), with different feeding frequencies between the low food treatment and the medium-high supplementation treatment. However, between unsupplemented nests in both years (i.e., low and normal food) and all nests monitored in 2006/07 (normal food, medium-high and high supplementation), feeding frequencies were similar.
Mean±2 SE of total daily (A) meal sizes (g) and (B) number of meals provided by adult black noddies that were exposed to four different prey availabilities, two of which were natural (low and normal food) and two of which included diet supplementation (medium-high and high supplementation). Mean (C) chick mass accumulation (as 24-hr chick growth (g)) and (D) skeletal growth (as 48-hr tarsus length (mm)) are also shown. Different letters above the error bars indicate significant differences at P = 0.05 level in a Tukey HSD test.
The results described above for the 2006/07 breeding season refer exclusively to the 'chicks supplemented' stage of the study: 2–8 December and 11–23 December, 28 December 2006–2 January 2007, and suggest that the total amount of food fed to chicks each day by their parents in the medium-high and high supplementation food treatment groups was significantly lower than for the normal food treatment chicks. Further supporting this result, repeated-measures ANOVA comparing meal sizes fed to chicks during supplementation and during two independent cessations of supplemental feeding (9–10 December and 3–4 January) in 2006/07 demonstrated that immediately upon cessation of supplementation, chicks from the supplemented treatment groups were fed daily meal sizes equal in size to that of unsupplemented chicks (interaction effect F2,18 = 44.71, partial η2 = 0.743, P<0.001; Fig. 4a). The significant interaction between supplementation stage and group resulted from an increase in the amount of food fed by adult black noddies to their chicks in the experimental treatments (medium-high and high food treatments) between periods of supplementation and no supplementation, while total daily meal sizes fed by parents to the control chicks (normal food treatment) did not change.
During the 'chicks supplemented' stage, chicks from the medium-high (x) and high (□) food treatments were hand-fed supplementary food (2–8 December, 11–23 December and 28 December 2006–2 January 2007; n = 27 days), while chicks from the normal (○) food treatment were not fed additional food. In the second stage supplementation ceased and all chicks were fed by their parents only (9–10 December 2006 and 3–4 January 2007; n = 4 days).
Chick growth and condition
The rate at which chicks increased in mass differed among treatments (one-way ANOVA, F3,35 = 4.62, P = 0.010), with medium-high food supplementation resulting in the fastest mass accumulation (Fig. 3c). Chick morphological responses to differences in food availability also differed among treatments, with chick structural growth (tarsus length) increasing fastest in the low food treatment and slowest in the normal and high supplementation food treatments (one-way ANOVA F3,35 = 11.11, P<0.001; Fig. 3d). The rate of chick wing growth was similar amongst all treatments (one-way ANOVA F3,35 = 1.69, P = 0.188).
When the condition of unsupplemented chicks (i.e., low food treatment (2005/06), normal food treatment (2006/07)) was compared against the total amount of food brought to these chicks each day, there were no statistical differences in the slopes of the lines between years (F1,33 = 0.06, p = 0.807). The total amount of food brought to chicks each day by their parents was positively related to chick condition (ANCOVA: F1,33 = 4.96, r2 = 0.326, p = 0.033; Fig. 5). There was a significant difference in the intercepts of the regression lines (F1,33 = 12.08, p = 0.001) with chicks in the normal food treatment being in significantly better condition compared to low food treatment chicks at any given meal size.
Shown are total daily meal sizes provided to unsupplemented black noddy chicks by their parents in 2005/06 (•, low food treatment) and in 2006/07 (○, normal food treatment), relative to chick condition.
Vocal behavior of chicks
During periods of food supplementation the proportion of supplemented chicks that begged for the first meal delivered by one of their parents each day was less than unsupplemented chicks (repeated-measures ANOVA, interaction between treatment group and supplementation stage, F2,18 = 22.61, partial η2 = 0.715, P<0.001; Fig. 4b). The significant interaction effect occurred because the high food supplementation chicks increased begging more than medium-high food supplementation chicks upon cessation of artificial feeding. All chicks, regardless of treatment group, begged for their first meals on the same and subsequent days after cessation of supplementary feeding (Fig. 4b).
Adult provisioning
This study further supports within-season variation in SST as a robust descriptor of foraging success across a range of tropical seabird taxa [41], [42]. During the austral summer of 2005/06, hotter than average SSTs significantly and negatively impacted provisioning rates of adult black noddies. As SSTs increased, total daily meal sizes (Fig. 2b) and feeding frequency (Fig. 2a) declined. These results are similar to those found for sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscata) breeding on the northern GBR [42] and wedge-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) breeding on the southern GBR [41]. Thus significant negative impacts of day-to-day variation in SST have now been observed across multiple taxa and at widely spaced locations on the GBR. Similar processes appear to operate in other geographic regions [43], [44] suggesting that predicted increases in SST linked to global warming may have significant negative impacts on foraging and reproductive success in many seabird species worldwide.
During 2005/06 total food delivered to chicks per unit time was lower than in 2006/07 (Fig. 3a). Breeding adults in 2005/06 were only able to achieve short-term increases in chick feeding rates suggesting that black noddy adults did not compensate for low food availability through increased feeding rates, or by delivering larger meals. Similarly, although total meal sizes fed to chicks by adults each day were reduced when the chicks' meals were artificially supplemented (Fig. 3a), adults did not vary their meal delivery rates (Fig. 3b). Cessation of chick supplementation twice during the study also resulted in immediate increases in meal sizes fed to chicks (Fig. 4a). Combined with changes in chick begging behaviour (Fig. 4b), our results suggest that when background levels of food availability are high, chick intake is predominantly controlled by chick satiation levels communicated through begging intensity. These results suggest that adult provisioning patterns are largely fixed and may have been selected for by limitations in the food processing capacity of chicks [45].
The reduction in total meal sizes brought to chicks each day in the medium-high and high food treatments closely matched the rate at which chicks in the experimental group were artificially supplemented (Fig. 3a), supporting the idea that chicks were limited by their capacity to process food. Similarly, a parent at its departure from the nest cannot anticipate the needs of the chick at its return, especially where both parents provision [46]. Instead, chick needs appear to be perceived by a parent upon its return to the nest through the begging behavior of its chick. Thus, it is more likely that provisioning by parents in this long-lived species is regulated by an investment pattern typical of other long-lived species where parents limit their current reproductive investment in order not to jeopardize their future reproductive success [47], [48].
However, our results also suggest that feeding rates by parents of this species are not absolutely fixed. During 2005/06, adults fed at higher rates during an interval of slightly higher than normal sea-surface temperature (i.e., ∼1°C) (Fig. 2a). This increased feeding frequency was not accompanied by a concurrent increase in total food supplied to chicks (Fig. 2b) and was not maintained at higher temperatures. In contrast, pelagic foraging wedge-tailed shearwaters and sooty terns breeding on the GBR have not demonstrated a similar capacity to increase provisioning rates during periods of poor food availability, either within- or between-seasons [41], [42]. A number of factors may explain the noddies' limited ability to increase provisioning rates beyond normal background rates, including differences in foraging ecology between offshore foraging black noddies and these more pelagic species [49] or access to variety in prey types [50], [51].
In both years of this study, body condition and daily meal sizes were positively correlated in naturally fed chicks (i.e., low and normal food treatments) (Fig. 5). Adults of some species of seabirds are capable of responding to chick condition by altering provisioning rates [52], [53], [54]. However, the ability of adults to provision based on chick needs is influenced by a number of factors, including the distance the species travels to its feeding grounds [55], prevailing environmental conditions [35], and adult body condition [56]. Seabirds appear to gauge chick condition through begging behavior [36], [57]. Our measure of whether chicks begged or not, however, cannot be used to determine whether black noddy adults responded to variation in chick begging frequency and/or intensity; further assessments would be needed to resolve this.
Chick development
In 2006/07, chicks in the medium-high food supplementation treatment accumulated mass at a faster rate than controls (Fig. 3c). Despite this, supplemented chicks in both treatments were unable to take advantage of extra provisions by increasing the growth rate of other structural traits (Fig. 3d). Therefore, during periods of high prey availability, offspring growth and development in this species appears to be largely inflexible. Such inflexibility may have evolved as a result of the relative costs and benefits of rapid growth in these chicks and trade-offs among the allocation of resources to growth and maintenance [58], [59]. Rapid growth can impose increased energy requirements [60], which becomes particularly costly when food becomes limited [61].
When food availability was low during 2005/06, the rate of structural growth increased despite the poorer condition of chicks (Fig. 3d). The reasons for this increase in structural development at the expense of body condition are currently unknown and undocumented elsewhere. This phenomenon could result from either chick skeletal growth being maladaptive under stressful conditions of low food availability, or reflect an adaptive shift in energy allocation. Such a maladaptive growth response may have resulted from nutrient shortages for bone development [58], [62] in 2005/06. However, diet compositions between years were not significantly different (Devney, unpublished data), suggesting that this was not the case. During 2006/07 when food was more abundant, energy required for maintenance may also have been greater, or energy may have been allocated to the growth and development of traits not measured here, in preference to tarsal growth. It is not clear why differential allocation may have occurred, though it could have been related to between-year variation in other environmental conditions not measured here which may influence metabolic rates and water loss [63]. It could also be that during the better food year in 2006/07, poorer quality or less experienced birds may have been able to breed than in 2005/06, when low food availability precluded all but the best individuals from breeding.
The chick growth responses to low, normal, medium-high and high prey availability observed here suggest that growth rate reaction norms in black noddy chicks may have resulted from selection imposed by consistently low or highly variable food availability typical of tropical oceans [64]. Also, if adult foraging behavior and chick developmental patterns in black noddies are facultative (plastic) responses to chick condition then both should vary according to changes in these parameters. Our results suggest that this was not the case. Both adult foraging and chick development in this species are relatively inflexible and show limited ability to adjust to large-scale variation in food availability over the short-term. The future frequency of intense anomalous warm water events [2] may favor greater plasticity (e.g., [3]) if associated with greater total environmental variation. However, our findings suggest that the black noddy, and probably similar offshore and pelagic foraging tern species, may be unable to respond rapidly to future changes in sea-surface temperatures and other climate-associated environmental variation through plasticity of developmental or behavioral traits.
We thank J. Boyd, C. Bagnato and R. Ryan for valuable field assistance. Thank you also to B. Knuckey and A. Holis (QPWS- Gladstone) for providing field support, P. Marshall (GBRMPA) and P. O'Neill (QPWS- Rockhampton) for logistical assistance, C. Steinberg, S. Choukroun and M. Mahoney (AIMS) for providing SST data, and Heron Island Research Station staff.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: CD BC. Performed the experiments: CD. Analyzed the data: CD MJC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CD BC. Wrote the paper: CD MJC BC.
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What was supposed to be a classic Wembley final turned out to be one of the most one-sided, with Warrington entirely convincing in retaining the Challenge Cup.
Chris Hicks claimed a rare Wembley hat-trick, the first since the Leeds Rhinos wing Leroy Rivett grabbed four in the last final at the old Wembley. Ryan Atkins – one of the players they have added since last year's triumph over Huddersfield – got two and Louis Anderson scored the last.
But it was the craft of the stand-off Lee Briers that won him the Lance Todd Trophy as man of the match in a landslide vote. He had an influential role in four of those six tries and generally bossed the show in midfield to set the stage for the Wolves to dominate.
Leeds, desperate for their first Challenge Cup this millennium, made too many mistakes and missed too many tackles – Warrington are not going to be beaten at Wembley by a team that does that. They failed to respond to the atmosphere generated by a sell-out crowd and it is no exaggeration to say that they could have lost by more.
The absence of the injured Jamie Peacock, a player who could conceivably have lifted the team, was all too obvious. Compared with Warrington's decision to leave out Richie Myler, Leeds' choice of the 20-year-old novice, Chris Clarkson, to start in the second row was not exactly cataclysmic. It was, though, a huge vote of confidence in a player who was completely unknown this time last year. Carl Ablett was on the bench after his three match suspension and, as expected, Ali Lauitiiti was the Rhinos forward to miss out.
Both sides committed an early blunder, Danny Buderus fumbling Briers' kick-off and Atkins squandering that possession by being forced into touch on the first tackle.
Leeds then had a period of pressure which could have brought them an opening try, but which only saw Ryan Bailey held up over the line. The strain was only eased by another handling error from the vastly experienced Buderus – and then it was time for a short, sharp masterclass from Briers.
It was his kick across field after 13 minutes that found Atkins (below) in acres of space between Brett Delaney and Kevin Sinfield. The centre made the cleanest of catches and Warrington were on their way.
Almost immediately, Briers pinned Leeds back with a 40-20 kick and then through the long pass that released Matt King on the right wing. Hicks had the acumen to scissor inside him and although Ben Westwood failed with a second conversion by hitting a post Warrington were already in a commanding position.
Leeds threatened twice through Ryan Hall but once he was magnificently tackled into touch by Westwood and once was brought back for Brent Webb's forward pass.
The Rhinos, however, were about to turn attack into hapless defence. From Danny McGuire's high kick Chris Riley picked up and counterattacked. When he was stopped, Atkins found a scandalous gap between Hall and Ian Kirke to go the rest of the way, with Westwood adding the simple goal.
The Wolves really only needed one try in the second half to make it safe and they almost got it immediately when the scrambling Rob Burrow narrowly prevented King from touching down Westwood's kick.
That was only delaying the inevitable. After twice holding up Delaney behind their line with typically tenacious defence, Warrington delivered the killer blow. Again it was Briers' pin-point kick, with Hicks doing brilliantly to catch and ground the ball under pressure from Hall.
Leeds avoided the ignominy of becoming the first side since St Helens, against Wigan in 1989, to be nilled in a Cup final when Lee Smith forced his way over from McGuire's pass. The improvement in their situation was merely cosmetic. After Richie Mathers had had a try disallowed against his old club for a technical obstruction, the Wolves finished them off without mercy. Hicks completed his hat-trick on the end of a move initiated yet again by Briers and then Louis Anderson completed the rout from Mathers' one-handed pass.
It had not quite been the epic that many predicted, but it had been an epic display by a Warrington side treating the Cup as their own.
The most sincere compliment that can be paid to them is to repeat what used to be said about Wigan when they monopolised the trophy – that it will take a very good side to take it from them. On the day, Leeds were anything but that.
Leeds Webb; Smith, Delaney, Senior, Hall; McGuire, Burrow; Leuluai, Buderus, Bailey, Jones-Buchanan, Clarkson, Sinfield. Substitutes used: Diskin, Ablett, Eastwood, Kirke.
Warrington Mathers; Hicks, King, Atkins, Riley; Briers, Monaghan; Morley, Clarke, Carvell, L Anderson, Westwood, Harrison. Substitutes used: Higham, Solomona, Wood, V Anderson.
Referee R Silverwood (Mirfield).
Tries: Atkins 2, L Anderson, Hicks 3
Goals: Westwood 3
Try: Smith
Goal: Sinfield
Attendance 85,217
- More about:
- Carnegie Challenge Cup
- Chester
- Warrington
- Wigan Warriors


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Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/forum.php)
- Saltwater Aquarium Equipment (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/saltwater-aquarium-equipment/)
- - Using kive rock in a sump as a bubble trap (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/saltwater-aquarium-equipment/using-kive-rock-sump-bubble-trap-30193/)
Using kive rock in a sump as a bubble trap
I have read several places that building a box in the sump, filling with live rock is good, and directing the overflow into it. I have , in all my looking not seen one, or a pic. My question, where do the drain holes on the sides of the box supposed to be located? Top, middle, bottom? I would think, at the bottom, but I would like to be sure.
You don't actually need a box. Just a tower of live rock to help break up the water flow. This is primarily to help reduce the bubbles that are returned to the display by the return pump. The benefit to the water is really nothing to speak of.
I do this in my 54 reef, and it works well to eliminate microbubbles in the sump.
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"Engineer, philanthropist and optimist" was the description of Andy Garnett given by Frances Lincoln, who published his book on conserving and documenting his meadow. Aside from the engineer ascription, it was a fair summary of an extraordinary character who was the only boy at Eton to convert to Roman Catholicism, who sped around London in a bubble car as a founding member of the London set in the 1950s and who went on to help Jeremy Fry, along with Michael Briggs, to develop the automatic-valve concern, Rotork, into one of the country's most successful small engineering innovation companies, and then did the same with his own company, Radiodetection.
In fact he was never an engineer, except by passion, and never attended university, being intended, quite unsuitably, for the army. When he joined his friend Fry in the recently formed Rotork in 1959 his reputation was more as a "flaneur", a man about town who was a joy to know but hardly cut out for serious business. He titled his autobiography Memoirs of a Lucky Dog, an archaism he relished in the same way he spoke of his friends always as "chums" and the girls of his youth as "dropsies". People he liked were "good eggs".
The only child of a forceful mother, and a father who separated from his wife when Andy was young, the boy had to work hard to be liked. Suffering from eczema, which resulted in repeated stays in hospital and a succession of ever more eccentric "cures", he was sent to Eton and shuffled around aunts and friends of his mother during his holidays. With a crippling self-consciousness about his skin he emerged from school to follow his mother's wish to go to Sandhurst, only to be turned down on medical grounds. He signed up as an ordinary conscript alongside the reluctant National Service recruits before his medical record caught up with him and he was discharged.
His life after that was one of drift and revelry; he joined a brewery in South Wales, Whitbreads in London as a ledger clerk, British Tabulating as a trainee and then the management consultant MWM, none of which stretched his abilities but which provided him with endless anecdotes with which to regale his friends. Living the bachelor life in Chelsea, Soho and the East End, gathering a band of friends for life such as Tony Armstrong Jones and George Melly, he was finally, aged 28, offered a job by his friend, Jeremy Fry, in his young automatic valve company.
Garnett proved his worth, first setting up the business in France, where he displayed an unexpected combination of determination and persistence, mastering the technicalities of his product and carefully preparing his plan of attack on markets and potential allies. He became sales director but the US proved a harder nut to crack – as it is still. Local companies were well entrenched and this idiosyncratic Englishman was an uncertain quantity, but through hard work he broke through in an industry they thought their own.
It was while at Rotork that Garnett met and wooed his wife, the writer and journalist Polly Devlin, then at Vogue. The story goes that he arrived at a dinner party with a French girlfriend. Seeing Polly, a fellow guest, his heart went "Wham Bam Boom Wow", as he put it. The French girl announced that she was asking Andy to marry her. Andy sidestepped an answer and, asked by Polly whether he was going to accept the French girl's proposal, he replied "No, I'm going to marry you."
Their wedding was in Italy – the bride given away by her brother-in-law Seamus Heaney – on 5 August 1967. The couple made two highly personalised homes, an Elizabethan manor house, Bradley Court in Gloucestershire and a farmhouse, Canwood, in South Somerset. Concerned at what he saw was growing energy shortages, Garnett rearranged Canwood around a central heat sink, doing away with internal corridors. Together with Polly he bought and nurtured a rare surviving meadow. He proposed a sprung floor in the main room of the barn so that it could be used as a ballroom for his three daughters, Rose, Daisy and Bay, oblivious of the fact that their generation no longer went in for that kind of occasion.
Tiring of the travel and with heart problems, he resigned as sales director of Rotork in 1978, taking with him a small company specialising in scanning equipment to detect underground pipes and cables. Although Electrolocation, as it was then called, had promising technology , it was in financially poor shape until Garnett, with the help of colleagues who had accompanied him from Rotork, took charge. Reorganising the management and introducing a new basic product, a handheld scanner that could be used by workmen in the field, he built up a thriving technological company until, sensing that it had grown beyond his competence, he sold it on to a venture capital group in 1993.
The great enthusiasm of his later years, and ultimately his great frustration, was his philanthropic venture into education. "Multi A", as he called it, was an effort to give confidence and self-discipline to schoolchildren in the deprived areas of Bristol through music, dance and the arts. At its height it was giving weekly classes to 3,000 children but, with it haemorrhaging money, he was forced to seek funds from the City and the Arts Council. Strangled by bureaucracy and unadventurous appointees, the venture eventually folded.
Garnett's last years were dominated by debilitating illness, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). Stubborn and determinedly cheerful, he survived to see daughters married and grandchildren born. He died buoyed by the faith he held close throughout his life. At his funeral his family spoke the prayers he read every day, adapted to his personal conscience and broader concerns.
At the reception, one of his 28 godchildren recalled being rung up on his seventh birthday to be sung "Happy Birthday" in a gravelly voice. "That," came Andy's voice at the end, "was Louis Armstrong." Andy had met the great jazz musician in New Orleans and persuaded him to sing his birthday wishes to the boy.
Adrian John Fortescue Garnett, businessman: born 26 September 1930; married Polly Devlin (three daughters); died 10 July 2014.Reuse content


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Ajahn Sumedho points to the real message of the Buddha's teaching.
The talk (28 minutes) was given on 17 January 2010 at Uttama Bodhi Vihara in Selangor, Malaysia.
Filed under: Ajahn Sumedho, Beginners, Foundations of Buddhism, Theravada, Video | Tagged: Buddhist film, Buddhist video, Dharma Talk, Uttama Bodhi Vihara |


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Katee Sackhoff will be on network TV next season after all — just not in the place she initially had planned.
Sackhoff — "Battlestar Galactica's" Starbuck — will be a regular on "24" for its eighth season, a FOX spokesperson confirms. She'll be playing a member of the reformed CTU, which means she'll be working alongside fellow ass-kicker Jack Bauer (Kiefer Sutherland).
She's the latest of several additions to the "24" cast for next season, including Mykelti Williamson, Freddie Prinze Jr., Doug Hutchinson, Jennifer Westfeldt and Anil Kapoor. The show began production on season eight at the end of May and will take its usual spot on the FOX schedule in January.
Sackhoff's character will be a data analyst at CTU who's involved with Prinze's character, a field agent. She's also harboring a secret from her past.
Following the end of "Battlestar Galactica," Sackhoff starred in the NBC pilot "Lost & Found," which was the subject of a fan campaign to get another network to pick it up after NBC passed. After being released from that commitment, she was free to join "24."
'24' casts CTU New York chief
Freddie Prinze Jr. clocks in for '24'
Jennifer Westfeldt makes time for '24'
'24' takes Manhattan for season eight
'Slumdog Millionaire' actor cast in '24'


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one (1) used chemineer air operated agitator, clamp mount, approx. 3' long stainless steel shaft, 4" prop blade, serial# 532714-1.
44110134 used- ace glass vessel, 26 gallon (100 liter). with air operated agitator, center bottom outlet. mounted on a stand.
100 gallon stainless steel mix tank. agitator is air operated clamp-on mixer.
used brawn model bda1000c fixed mount, open tank design, air-operated agitator. clockwise rotation. stainless steel stub shaft mounting flange. requires shaft and blade.
used 5 gallon reactor, 12" diameter x 12" straight side, dished top and bottom, glass top, hastelloy c-276 bottom, jacketed bottom, air operated agitator with mechanical seal, mounted on portable b...
vac-u-max stainless steel sanitary pneumatic receiver, 18" x 20" straight with 24" deep offset cone, internal natural fabric filter, 2" inlet air operated filter agitator/cleaner, with painted stee...


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Bisque Mousse
16 Apr 2009
|Peanut brittle
|1⁄2 Pound
|1 Pint
Put the peanut brittle through the food chopper.
Whip the cream and combine with the peanut brittle.
Pour into a mold as previously directed and freeze in two parts ice to 1 part salt for 4 hrs.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 323 Calories from Fat 40
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 4 g5.9%
Saturated Fat 2.8 g14.1%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 5.6 mg1.9%
Sodium 180.1 mg7.5%
Total Carbohydrates 67 g22.5%
Dietary Fiber 0 g
Sugars 31.6 g
Protein 3 g7%
Vitamin A 2.8% Vitamin C
Calcium 16.9% Iron
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet
Bisque Mousse Recipe


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|Home > Alsina
♀ Alsina
What does Alsina mean?
Alsina [alsi-na] as a girls' name has its root in Greek. Alsina is a variant form of Alcina (Greek): Spanish and Portuguese name.
Associated with: greek.
Alsina has 5 variants: Alcinia, Alseena, Alsinia, Alsyna and Alzina.
3 more different relations via Alcina: Alcine, Allcine and Allcinia.Creative forms:
(female) Ansina, Arsina, ..
(male) Alsica, Alsini, .. Middle name pairings:
Alsina Skye (A.S.), ..
How popular is Alsina?
Alsina is a rare given name for women but a very popular last name for all people (#56526 out of 150436, Top 38%). (2000 U.S. Census)
Which version is better?with its source form and related girl names. Alzina is the only popular alternative form of Alsina (outside Top 2000) rated in the Top 2000. This form of Alsina was popular during 1890-1899. (2015 U.S. SSA Records)
Similar Names
Alsina is alike in pronunciation to Alzeena, Alzeina, Alzena and Elzina. Other suggested similar names are Adesina, Adina, Aina, Alaina▲, Alaisa, Alana▲, Alanna▲, Alawna, Albia, Albina▼, Albine, Alcinda, Aldana, Aldina, Aldona, Aleana, Alesia▼, Alexena, Alexina, Aleyna, Alia▲, Alicinda (see Alcinda), Alida▼, Aliena, Alika, Alima, Alina▲, Alinda, Alisa▼, Alisan, Alisann, Alisia, Alison, Alisun, Aliya, Allana, Allena, Allia, Allinah, Alline, Allisa, Allsun, Allyna, Almena, Alona, Alumina, Alvena, Alvinia, Alvira, Alvita, Alwyna, Alyona, Alysan, Alysia▼, Alyson, Anina, Annina, Armina, Artina, Asima, Athina, Auina, Austina, Elaina▲, Elina, Ellina, Elvina, Hasina, Masina, Olina and Rosina▼. These names tend to be more frequently used than Alsina.See names in meaning and etymology.


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Swedish freelance photographer. iPhone 4/4S (and my) images only.
Want to buy this photo?
This photo isn't on sale yet. Send Ulf H Börjesson a request and we'll work with them to make it available.
cityscapes — in Stockholm, Sweden
7 Comments
tack! :)
Wonderfully captured!
@ldaph so glad to hear, thank you! :)
No worries, you're most welcome (:
@eminakovacic tusen tack! :)
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Oxford Diecast British Rail Sign - 1:43 Scale
Product Code: LAN1109005
Rover chief engineer Maurice Wilks was inspired by his army-surplus Willys-Overland Jeep to create a workhorse vehicle for military and agricultural use - and for export abroad to kick-start both Rover's fortunes and the national economy after World War II. Prototypes were up and running by late 1947, and production of the Series I began at Solihull in summer 1948. It had permanent four-wheel-drive with low-ratio gearing and a locking freewheel mechanism, and a 50bhp, 1.6-litre engine from the Rover P3 saloon. It was fitted with lightweight body panels made from surplus aircraft-grade aluminium - steel was in short supply post-war .
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If you need to return an item, simply login to your account, view the order using the 'Complete Orders' link under the My Account menu and click the Return Item(s) button. We'll notify you via e-mail of your refund once we've received and processed the returned item.
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16 S APPLE HILL E Sandy, UT 84092
Hi, Blueroof 360.
My name is
and I have a question about 16 S APPLE HILL E Sandy
You can respond by either emailing me at
or call during
My Question Is:
Estimated Monthly Payment$5,051
- Photos
- Location
- Questions
- Share
- Virtual Tour
- Mortgage Calculator
- Status: Active
Listing courtesy of Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Utah - Salt Lake
Unbelievable lot. Amazing views due east that will forever be unobstructed. Easily has space for a private pool or whatever you want. Amazing rooftop deck off kitchen. Home has just been updated; new electrical, new woodwork (doors, trim, hardware ect.) All new flooring, paint, tile work counters in kitchen. Spanish sheik style with open layout, views, manageable footage and huge garage space.
Interior Features Include:
Bar: Wet, Bath: Master, Bath: Sep. Tub/Shower, Closet: Walk-In, Dishwasher, Built-In, Disposal, Kitchen: Updated
Basement Daylight, Entrance, Full
Fireplaces 2
Air Cond: Central Air; Electric
Heating: Forced Air, Gas: Central
Floor Type: Carpet, Tile
Exterior Features Include:
Double Pane Windows, Outdoor Lighting
Acreage: 0.8600 Acres
Lot: Corner Lot, Sprinkler: Auto-Full, View: Mountain
Landscape Landscaping: Full, Mature Trees, Scrub Oak
Roof: Tile
Exterior: Brick, Stucco
Patio/Deck: 1 Patio 1 Deck
Garage/Parking: Attached, Built-In, Extra Height, Opener
Driveway Circular, Concrete
Garage Capacity: 4
Other Features Include:
Subdivision: PEPPERWOOD
Amenities: Clubhouse, Swimming Pool, Tennis Court
Water: Culinary
Pool: Heated, In Ground
Utilities Gas: Connected, Power: Connected, Sewer: Connected, Water: Connected
Storage Garage, Basement
Taxes 3886
School District: Canyons
Information deemed reliable but not guaranteed accurate. Buyer to verify all information.The multiple listing information is provided by Wasatch Front Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. from a copyrighted compilation of listings. The compilation of listings and each individual listing are © 2014 Wasatch Front Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc., All Rights Reserved. The information provided is for consumers, personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.


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track list
Album God Fixation
Label Word/Epic
Released April 21, 1998
This site contains content from artists, fans, and writers from around the internet in it's natural form. Such content is not representative of Viacom Media Networks.
©2017 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. MTV and all related titles and logos are trademarks of Viacom International Inc.


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Dual Tops installed at Factory
I read in the Jeep owners Manuel 2008 edition that "If your vehicle is equipped with the Dual Top, you must remove one of the tops from the vehicle. The soft top was installed at the factory for shipping purposes. Removal is mandatory to prevent any possible wear and tear on the soft top." Also, removal of the pivot beakers too.
So.... Anyone not remove it and encounter "wear & tear"?
I asked dealer to remove it when it became clear that soft top uses otherwise necessary baggage space on 2D. They dropped $1200 off the price for it.
When I was still looking around for my Jeep, most of the Dual Top's only had one installed and had the other one in packaging.
the doft top is folded up soo amazingly impeccably well that once you raise and lower it you will never get it folded tightly enough to keep it on with the soft top. welll that was my case on a tj
I have both. Run the softie from the first sunny day in March till the first freeze in Nov.
That way, it isn't ravaged by the cold.
I keep my hard top stored as long as I can, but do enjoy it when it's there.
The soft top, if folded up inside the hard top will be IN THE WAY and yes, likely to rub.
They aren't that hard to take off, so why risk it?
My soft top (minus the windows) is currently installed and I have the hard top on. I've looked and looked and looked some more and cannot find a single place where the soft top is rubbing on the hard top. Still, as soon as I get the new sun rider top put together and on the vehicle, I'll only ever run one at a time and will do what Kate does above, only use the hard top in the Winter. So... short answer to your question is No, I have not encountered any wear or tear on the soft top by having it still installed while the hard top is on. (Your mileage may vary)
The wifes soft top is coming off like Kate says, as soon as the weather gets bad enough. It may fold back down under the hard top like it i supposed to, never tried it since we bought it the hard top is hanging in the shop, but I don't want it in the way all winter long. so I will remove it. I will let you know after the first killing frost if was a PITA or not.
The manufacturer and dealers tell you that you CANNOT have both installed at the same time. While I haven't had any experience or heard about why, I can't imagine what would be so bad about keeping both on. Regardless, even with the soft top wrapped up from the factory, it takes up space.
Also, I don't believe you can remove the soft top (as installed from the factory) from under the hard top while the hard top is on. You would need to lift the hard top to get space. The width of the soft top won't find through the rear window/tailgate.
If you're buying one and it comes with both, just ask the dealer to do the above. Lift the hard top to remove the soft top. It's purely labor, no parts. Assuming you have some way to take the soft top home, it shouldn't be a problem. If they offer to deliver a soft top to your house, you probably paid too much for it anyways.
Here's how mine looks right now...
While it wear and tear from rubbing doesn't seem to be an issue, It does limit your trunk space a bit and it's hard to keep clean. This is how it was traded into the dealer and how they sold it to me. As soon as I can get the defective bows replaced on the sunrider top I just bought, I'll only do one top at a time. I just wanted to post pics so you could see what it looked like to have the soft top still in place with the hard top installed.
Thanks for all the information.
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Pawel Piatek Photographer
Serena Hope SunModel Female Los Angeles, California, US
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/SerenaHopeSun
Mayhem # 1137796
About MeI am proud to have a new writing website! You can view samples of my writing material here: http://serenahope.wix.com/shswriter
I rarely check Model Mayhem. If you want to get in contact, please visit my facebook page. If you like my portfolio, then please support my endeavors and like my page under Serena Hope Sun. I will be updating: www.facebook.com/SerenaHopeSun
Thank you kindly!
Twitter: @SerenaHopeSun
For additional photos view this link. A fan of mine made if for me a long time ago. (It's almost embarrassing now, but still it's a nice gesture!) : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrWabK9pQmk
An interview: http://www.fixemagazine.com/post.php?postid=1386
Stylerift: http://www.stylerift.com/2011/10/stylish-model-serena-hope-sun.html
Many more articles I am too lazy to put on here
I am always up to try new things. Only one life to live and love.
I suppose what describes me more than anything is simply the fact that I am eternally grateful for both the people whom I am lucky enough to cross paths with during our short journey here and the great experiences that come out of it. I love people and the nature of humanity, and producing quality work.
Since everyone is always asking me, I have decided to answer the question of ethnicity here. While I do not consider race highly important in personal conections, I understand that in the modeling and media world it often, though not always, is.
I consider myself to be American-Asian. English is my first language, though Mandarin is my native. Technically, I am mainly Chinese with Russian European background. But I do not like to advertise such specifics. When asked during non-business relations I simply say that I am American-Asian. Sometimes I respond, Does it matter? ;)
Experienced model (print, editorial, fashion, beauty, glamour, lingerie, runway). First scouted at age of 16, scouted while in college. (Finished college, currently working as model). Resume available upon request.
Experienced actor (theatre, film, television, music videos, plays, musicals, one-acts, scenes, improv comedy, studio work). training: over 7 years theatre background, additional on-camera work. Currently working as actor. Resume available upon request.
Experienced dancer (ballroom, latin, salsa, burlesque, jazz, ballet, hiphop, booty shakin anything). Dance since age 12.
Experienced musician (concert piano, singing- operetta, pop, rock; some drums, some guitar). Piano since age 7; singing since age 13.
Scouted and represented by multiple NON-EXCLUSIVE agencies for modeling. Meaning, I am also available to book privately via MM.
Note: I do not do trade work. Rates depend on project and travel. Message to contact me and set up a shoot!
Thank you!

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Lot 24: Pair of Neo-Classical Chairs, T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings
Fine Art, Decorative Arts & Modern Design
by Palm Beach Modern Auctions
November 24, 2012
West Palm Beach, FL, USALive Auction
Past Lot
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: Pair of neo-classical chairs in the manner of T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings ; c. 1930 (Key Word Search: Widdicomb, Edward Wormley, Dunbar, side chair)
Condition Report: very good, restored at sometime, minor fading to fabric
Provenance: none
Dimensions: 32"h, 19"w, 20"d
Artist or Maker: T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings, Manner of
Medium: USA; wood, upholstery
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