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Shortly after Donald Trump's inauguration as 45th president of the United States, a revamped White House website announced the new administration's intention." That same day, Reuters reported that all references to climate change had been removed from the WhiteHouse.gov site, and the Wall Street Journal's Amy Harder tweeted that the URL to the climate change page had gone dead.
On Tuesday, the Trump administration instructed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to remove its website's climate change page, which contains links to climate research and detailed data on emissions. The news was reported to Reuters by staffers who asked not to be named because they were not authorized to speak to the media. One of them said some employees were scrambling to save some of the information on the website (subscription).
"If the website goes dark, years of work we have done on climate change will disappear," an EPA staffer told Reuters.
Yahoo News reported that, late last year, scientists had begun backing up the climate data publicly available on government websites in fear that the data might disappear under Trump, who has called climate change a "hoax."
But on Wednesday, the Trump administration walked back its directive.
"We've been told to stand down," an EPA employee told E&E News, which reported that administration officials may have been prompted to change course because of the backlash that erupted over its previous instructions. The instructions didn't go over well with agency employees, said the unnamed EPA staffer, adding that the information is "world class" data. "And it's true."
And at a press briefing Wednesday afternoon, President Trump's press secretary Sean Spicer commented on reports this week that the White House had curtailed social media use at the EPA, the Interior Department and the Energy Department.
"They haven't been directed by us to do anything," Spicer said of the restrictions. "From what I understand," he added, staffers "have been told within their agencies to adhere to their own policies, but that directive did not come from here."
Executive Actions Reflect About Face on Climate Change Action
On Tuesday, President Donald Trump acted on campaign promises to remove hurdles to domestic energy development by signing an executive action to advance the Keystone XL pipeline, which would run from Canada to Nebraska, linking existing pipelines to carry oil to refineries in the Gulf of Mexico, and a memorandum calling for an expedited review and approval of the Dakota Access pipeline. Both were projects that the Obama administration blocked due in part to environmental concerns, including their influence on greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. Trump said both pipelines would be subject to renegotiation and that the materials for them must be sourced from the U.S.
The impact of the orders is likely to be felt first in North Dakota, where Energy Transfer Partners wants to install the final 1,100-foot section of the 1,172-mile pipeline that runs under Lake Oahe, a route that sparked protests after the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe raised concerns about potential spills and leaks. The pipeline would carry oil from North Dakota to refineries and pipeline networks in Illinois. The Keystone XL pipeline would also reach those refineries along its route.
Revival of the two pipeline projects (subscription) was Trump's first action to make good on his America First Energy Plan, presented on a new WhiteHouse.gov web page that has replaced the Obama administration's climate change web page.
The Climate Action Plan, introduced by Obama in June 2013, outlined plans for the U.S. to cut its carbon pollution, prepare for the effects of climate change, and lead international efforts to address global warming. The brief America First Energy Plan goes in another direction.
"For too long, we've been held back by burdensome regulations on our energy industry," it reads. "Lifting these restrictions will greatly help American workers, increasing wages by more than $30 billion over the next 7 years."
Trump's plan encourages the burning of coal and the use of shale oil and gas. It does not reference solar, wind, or other sustainable energy sources but does offer up a commitment to "clean coal technology." That term sometimes refers to plants outfitted with "scrubbers" or having the capacity to capture and store carbon emissions, which has reportedly not been demonstrated to work in a cost-effective way.
Trump Cabinet Nominees Acknowledge Some Influence of Humans on Climate Change
At Senate confirmation hearings, President Donald Trump's picks to run some key federal agencies have said that the climate is changing and that human activity is a factor. The extent of human influence on climate change, they say, is up for study and debate, along with policies that might be needed.
The Washington Post reports that transition officials say that there has been no coordination to get these candidates—Ryan Zinke, Jeff Sessions, Scott Pruitt and Rex Tillerson—on message. "This is an accurate reflection of what they believe, and Cabinet nominees are encouraged to give their opinion on questions when they're asked," said one official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.
In opening remarks at his Senate confirmation hearing last Thursday, Rick Perry, Trump's Energy Secretary pick, acknowledged that his call for the Department of Energy's elimination, made during his failed bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012, was in error.
"My past statements made over five years ago about abolishing the Department of Energy do not reflect my current thinking," said Perry. "In fact, after being briefed on so many of the vital functions of the Department of Energy, I regret recommending its elimination."
Like many of Trump's other cabinet picks, he softened his earlier position on climate change.
"I believe the climate is changing. I believe some of it is naturally occurring, but some of it is also caused by man-made activity," said Perry. "The question is how do we address it in a thoughtful way that doesn't compromise economic growth, the affordability of energy or American jobs."
At his confirmation hearing, Trump's pick to lead the EPA, Scott Pruitt, indicated he would give the power to apply environmental rules back to states. However, he also stated that he would review a federal waiver under the Clean Air Act allowing California to set emissions standards for vehicles. The state mandates that 15 percent of new cars by 2025 have zero emissions—a standard that's stricter than anywhere else in the country.
"That's what would be evaluated, it's very difficult, and we shouldn't prejudge the outcome," said Pruitt.
There are some hints that in this case giving the power back to states may not align with the new administration's objectives. On Tuesday Trump told auto executives to increase U.S. production and boost American employment and said that he would cut regulations and taxes to make operating in the U.S. more attractive.
"We're bringing manufacturing back to the United States big league, we're reducing taxes very substantially and we're reducing unnecessary regulations," Trump said, calling himself an environmentalist, but indicating that environmental regulations are "out of control."
Some states vowed not to let the new administration roll back environmental efforts. Gov. Jerry Brown stated Wednesday that "California is not turning back. Not now, not ever."
Meanwhile, Trump's pick for Secretary of State, former Exxon Mobil CEO Rex Tillerson, won approval in a 11–10 vote along party lines from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. His nomination now moves to the full Senate, where he needs the support of 51 members for confirmation. That final vote could come as early as next week.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Climate change has entered a new phase, said the United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on Monday. The WMO reported that concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) "surged again to new records in 2016," and it predicted that the annual average for CO2 would remain above 400 parts per million (ppm), 44 percent higher than before the Industrial Revolution, for generations.
The 400 ppm threshold, a symbolic red line in the methodical march of greenhouse gas concentrations, was continuously breached for the first time in 2015—a rise driven largely by fossil fuel emissions and aided by a strong El Niño, which "triggered droughts in tropical regions and reduced the capacity of sinks like forests, vegetation and the oceans to absorb CO2," the WMO said. Last year's jump in carbon dioxide was the largest annual increase on record (subscription).
"The year 2015 ushered in a new era of optimism and climate action with the Paris climate change agreement," said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. "But it will also make history as marking a new era of climate change reality with record high greenhouse gas concentrations." "The El Niño event has disappeared. Climate change has not . . . Without tackling carbon dioxide emissions, we cannot tackle climate change and keep temperature increases to below 2 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial era. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the Paris Agreement does indeed enter into force well ahead of schedule on 4 November and that we fast-track its implementation."
Taalas added that improvements in the climate will be seen by 2060 if countries begin to lower their carbon dioxide emissions now.
Between 1990 and 2015, Earth experienced a 37 percent increase in radiative forcing—the warming effect on the climate—because of greenhouse gases from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities, according to the WMO.
WMO's announcement comes within a week of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's report that found September was the 11th consecutive month to set record high temperatures.
Study: Glacier Melt in Antarctica Could Help Predict Global Sea Level Rise
A number of research studies have suggested Antarctica's ice is melting faster than previously thought, but two new studies may help better predict future Antarctica ice loss and global sea level rise. The studies examined the Pope, Kohler, and Smith glaciers—part of the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves—in West Antarctica.
"Our primary question is how the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica will contribute to sea level rise in the future, particularly following our observations of massive changes in the area over the last two decades," said University of California Irvine's Bernd Scheuchl, lead author on the first of the two studies published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. "Using satellite data, we continue to measure the evolution of the grounding line of these glaciers, which helps us determine their stability and how much mass the glacier is gaining or losing. Our results show that the observed glaciers continue to lose mass and thus contribute to global sea level rise."
A second study published Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications found that a significant portion of Antarctica is subject to "intense unbalanced melting" revealing high rates of ice loss from glaciers' undersides. It also blames receding glacial grounding lines for the ice loss—spurred by an influx of warm ocean water beneath the ice shelves.
The glacier that saw the most melt, the study says, was Smith. It lost about 1,000 feet of ice between 2002 and 2009, which authors think is "a strong piece of evidence" that these glaciers, along with the larger Amundsen region, were subjected to a large influx of warm ocean water during that period.
"If I had been using data from only one instrument, I wouldn't have believed what I was looking at, because the thinning was so large," said author Ala Khazendar, a researcher at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, noting how the work shows how important it is to understand both the ocean circulation and seabed topography when determining future melt and sea level rise.
IEA: Significant Renewables Growth Expected by 2021
The renewable energy market is growing around the world, according to a study by the International Energy Agency (IEA). IEA raised its estimate of the amount of renewable energy on power grids 13 percent from its 2015 forecast. It forecasts a 825 gigawatt boost in capacity by 2021 (a 42 percent increase from today).
"We are witnessing a transformation of global power markets led by renewables and, as is the case with other fields, the center of gravity for renewable growth is moving to emerging markets," said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol.
The growth will mostly be driven by four countries: China, the U.S., India and Mexico. China is the leader.
"About half a million solar panels were installed every day around the world last year," according to the report. "In China, which accounted for about half the wind additions and 40 percent of all renewable capacity increases, two wind turbines were installed every hour in 2015."
In the United States over the next five years, renewable capacity is forecast to grow to 328.2 gigawatts from 221.1 gigawatts. During this period, solar PV is forecast to nearly triple—from 26.1 gigawatts to 77.5 gigawatts—and wind to grow nearly 71.5 percent.
"Renewables are and still remain dependent on policies … to create the right market rules and the right framework to attract investments," said Paolo Frankl, head of the IEA's renewable energy division.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
On Saturday nearly 200 nations adopted an amendment to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, agreeing to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), refrigerants that contribute to climate change and that are thousands of times more powerful than carbon dioxide. According to the White House, the deal inked in Kigali, Rawanda, should reduce HFC use by more than 80 percent over 30 years, avoiding warming of up to 0.5 degrees Celsius by 2100.
Secretary of State John Kerry said adopting the amendment "is likely the single most important step that we could take at this moment to limit the warming of our planet."
HFCs were introduced in the 1990s to replace chlorofluorocarbons, which were destroying the ozone layer. Scientists have been concerned that a forecast global explosion in the use of air conditioning could result in so much HFC leakage by century's end that the global temperature would overshoot warming thresholds outlined in the Paris agreement.
The phase-out process outlined in the Montreal Protocol amendment groups countries into categories with different baselines and timelines (subscription). Richer economies, including the United States, will start limiting use of HFCs within a few years. Some developing countries, nations in Latin America and island states, will do so beginning in 2024. Other developing countries will reduce use in later years—China in 2029 and India in 2032, for example.
United Nations Says Climate Change Could Make Millions Food Insecure
A new report from the United Nations (U.N.) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) warned that the number of people living in poverty could rise "by between 35 and 122 million by 2030 relative to a future without climate change." Sub-Saharan Africa would be hardest hit due to its population's high dependence on agriculture.
The report comes on the heels of Sunday's World Food Day, which the U.N. used to highlight the links among climate change, sustainable agriculture, and food and nutrition as well as the need to address climate change to meet the U.N. sustainable development goal of ending hunger by 2030.
"Unless action is taken now to make agriculture more sustainable, productive and resilient, climate change impacts will seriously compromise food production in countries and regions that are already highly food-insecure," said FAO director-general Jose Graziano da Silva. "Hunger, poverty and climate change need to be tackled together. This is, not least, a moral imperative as those who are now suffering most have contributed least to the changing climate."
The 2016 edition of The State of Food and Agriculture urges countries to help their farmers reduce reliance on natural resources and more efficiently use water and fertilizer. That's because agriculture is second only to the energy sector in warming the planet.
"Agriculture is contributing itself to about one fifth of the global emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases," said Rob Voss, director of the FAO team that produced the report.
To create a robust food system, Voss said the agriculture sector must switch to more sustainable practices, such as using heat-tolerant and drought-resistant crop varieties; increasing the capacity of soils and forestry to sequestrate carbon; reducing food losses and waste; and shifting diets away from animal-sourced foods.
World Bank: Carbon Trading Is Key to Cutting Climate Change Mitigation Costs
By 2030, large-scale carbon trading could reduce the cost of implementing climate change mitigation goals spelled out in countries' national climate plans under the Paris Agreement by 32 percent, according to a World Bank report released Tuesday. By 2050, that cost could be cut by more than 50 percent said the report.
"The more we cooperate through carbon trading, the larger the savings and the greater the potential to increase ambition by countries in the short term," John Roome, the World Bank's senior director for climate change, said of the report's findings, which indicate that cost-effectively limiting emissions reductions to meet a 2 degrees Celsius or lower warming limit will be difficult absent increased carbon trading.
In a blog post, Laura Tuck, the World Bank's vice president for sustainable development, discussed carbon pricing's potential to unlock the financing necessary to deliver on the Paris Agreement.
"Amid the enormous challenge ahead," Tuck wrote, "I want to emphasize the transformative economic opportunity that putting a price on carbon pollution presents."
Although noting the increase in carbon pricing initiatives, which resulted in $26 billion in revenue in 2016—a "modest" amount but up 60 percent from the year before—Tuck said she is "concerned that not enough governments, particularly in middle and low income countries, are aware of the transformative potential presented by carbon pricing."
Last Presidential Debate: No Questions on Climate Change
In Las Vegas Wednesday night, candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump took the stage for the last presidential debate—absent were any questions about climate change and energy policy. That's four debates—including the vice presidential debate—in which the environment was mentioned only in passing (if at all).
Wednesday night, climate change received a mention from Hillary Clinton: "New jobs in clean energy, not only to fight climate change, which is a serious problem, but to create new opportunities and new businesses," she said during a segment on the economy. Donald Trump discussed neither energy issues nor climate change.
Mother Jones reports environmental issues spanned just five minutes, 27 seconds in the three 2016 presidential debates.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
By 2030, half of the energy produced in the state of New York will come from renewables, according to a new policy adopted Monday by the state's public service commission. The move is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent from 1990 levels (80 percent by 2050) and to attract billions in clean energy investment.
"New York has taken bold action to become a national leader in the clean energy economy and is taking concrete, cost-effective steps today to safeguard this state's environment for decades to come," said New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. "This Clean Energy Standard shows you can generate the power necessary for supporting the modern economy while combatting climate change. Make no mistake, this is a very real threat that continues to grow by the day and I urge all other states to join us in this fight for our very future."
The plan calls for New York to retain its nuclear reactors—though The Washington Post reports that those facilities don't count as part of the 50 percent renewables target. According to New York regulators, doing so might cost $965 million over two years but could lead to net benefits of $4 billion due to avoided carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution. While supporters of this provision applaud New York's effort to retain its emissions-free nuclear generation, opponents are likely to challenge the nuclear subsidies on the grounds they are discriminatory, hurt markets, and intrude on federal authority.
New York is not the first state to announce an ambitious greenhouse gas reduction target. In April 2015, California announced it planned to cut those emissions by 40 percent below 1990 levels in the same time frame with renewables increases. Like California, New York plans to phase in its renewables increase; 31 percent of its energy is to come from renewables by 2021 and 50 percent by 2030. Those targets are meant to give utilities and clean energy companies time to develop their business models.
The only states with higher renewables standards are Vermont, which set a target of 75 percent renewable power by 2032, and Hawaii, which set a target of 100 percent renewable power by 2045.
White House to Federal Agencies: Consider Climate Change Impacts
In an action with broad implications for thousands of projects, including energy and mineral development on public lands, natural gas import and export facilities, and transportation projects, the Obama administration issued final guidance on how federal agencies should consider greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts when conducting reviews under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (subscription).
"Focused and effective consideration of climate change in NEPA reviews will allow agencies to improve the quality of their decisions," the guidance states. "Identifying important interactions between a changing climate and the environmental impacts from a proposed action can help Federal agencies and other decision makers identify practicable opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve environmental outcomes, and contribute to safeguarding communities and their infrastructure against the effects of extreme weather events and other climate-related impacts."
The guidance, the product of a six-year effort by the White House Council on Environmental Quality, advises agencies to quantify projected greenhouse gas emissions of proposed federal actions whenever the necessary methodologies and data are available. It also encourages them to draw on their experience and expertise to determine the appropriate level and extent of quantitative or qualitative analysis required to comply with NEPA and to consider alternatives that would increase the climate-change resilience of the action and affected communities.
"From the public standpoint, we are now going to know what all of our decisions add up to in terms of impacting climate change," said Christy Goldfuss, managing director of the Council on Environmental Quality. "You can think of all the different federal decisions, and how they all add up. We have numbers where we can actually say, 'this is a huge decision, given the amount of greenhouse gases coming out of it.' And that gives the public a chance to really weigh in on decision-making."
Several media outlets pointed out that because the White House guidance is not a regulation, agencies are not legally bound to follow it.
Clean Power Plan Analysis: National Costs Low, State Costs Varied
Wednesday marked one year since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency formally rolled out the Clean Power Plan, which aims to reduce carbon emissions from power plants. Even with the February stay by the U.S. Supreme Court, which halted implementation of the plan pending resolution of legal challenges, some say the plan is having an impact while others are finding more reason to explore the legality of the rule (subscription).
Should the rule survive judicial review, a new paper by the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions uses the Nicholas Institute's Dynamic Integrated Economy/Energy/Emissions Model to evaluate Clean Power Plan impacts on the U.S. generation mix, emissions, and industry costs. It indicates that industry trends are likely to make Clean Power Plan compliance relatively inexpensive, with cost increases of 0.1 to 1.0 percent. But policy costs can vary across states, which might lead to a patchwork of policies that, although in their own best interests, could impose additional costs nationally.
"The answer is not the same for everyone in terms of what's going to be the least-cost way for a particular state to approach this policy," said lead author and Nicholas Institute Senior Economist Martin Ross. "Nationally, it would make the most sense to have a broadly coordinated policy where you can take advantage of the usual economic [tools] to spread the cost reductions around and pick up the most cost-effective sources for reducing emissions."
Similar findings were presented at a conference of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners. Because of lower-than-expected natural gas prices, renewable power, and extended federal tax credits for that power, the country as a whole is set to meet the Clean Power Plan's early goals, reports ClimateWire.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
At the North American Leaders Summit on Wednesday, Mexico, Canada and the United States pledged to generate 50 percent of their energy from clean sources by 2025. The joint commitment by the three countries, according to White House Adviser Brian Deese, is "an aggressive goal" but one that is "achievable continent-wide."
"The Paris Agreement was a turning point for our planet, representing unprecedented accord on the urgent need to take action to combat climate change through innovation and deployment of low-carbon solutions," the leaders said in a statement. "North America has the capacity, resources and the moral imperative to show strong leadership building on the Paris Agreement and promoting its early entry into force. We recognize that our highly integrated economies and energy systems afford a tremendous opportunity to harness growth in our continuing transition to a clean energy economy. Our actions to align climate and energy policies will protect human health and help level the playing field for our businesses, households, and workers."
Last year, 32 percent of North America's overall power came from clean energy sources. The White House cited renewable energy, nuclear plants, and carbon capture and storage technology as possible avenues to achieving the 50 percent goal in the next nine years. In addition, measures will be taken to reduce greenhouse gases in the economies of the three countries through deployment of clean vehicles in government fleets, conduct research to accelerate clean energy innovation, support cross-border transmission projects, and examine adding more renewables to the power grid with a joint study of renewables opportunities and impacts
Mexico will join Canada and the United States in reducing methane emissions by 40 to 45 percent by 2025. Reduction strategies are planned for the agricultural and waste management sectors.
Could Brexit Complicate EU Effort on Paris Agreement?
Although the full effects of the United Kingdom's decision, last week, to leave the European Union (EU)—the so-called Brexit—are still unclear, some think it could have far-reaching effects on Europe's commitment to last year's landmark Paris climate agreement to hold the global average temperature increase to "well below" 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The impending departure of the EU's second largest emitter and a leading advocate of increased EU ambition ahead of the Paris Agreement complicates Brussels' plan to divide up the EU's pledge to cut emissions at least 40 percent compared with 1990 levels by 2030 (subscription). The United Kingdom would have contributed significantly to meeting that pledge—under a 2008 domestic law it is on a pathway to cut its emissions 57 percent by 2030.
Assuming the United Kingdom stays in the Paris Agreement, its contribution would likely be based on its Climate Change Act. To abandon its current emissions reductions commitments would mean repealing the act.
For now, the United Kingdom remains a supporter of the Paris Agreement, and in the short term no changes are slated in its domestic emissions reduction targets for 2030 and 2050. But the United Nations says that, once the United Kingdom leaves the EU, a "recalibration" of the Paris Agreement will be necessary.
"While I think the U.K's role in dealing with a warming planet may have been made harder by the decision last Thursday, our commitment to dealing with it has not gone away," said Amber Rudd, Britain's Energy Secretary. "Climate change has not been downgraded as a threat. It remains one of the most serious long-term risks to our economic and national security."
Studies Find Pink Snow Contributing to Climate Change; Humans Changing Vegetation Growth
A study in the journal Nature Communications links the pink-hued snow in higher altitudes in the Arctic to climate-change-related increases in algae blooms that are causing melting in the region at an unprecedented pace. The presence of red algae reduces the snow's ability to reflect light instead of absorbing it as heat (albedo), reducing albedo by as much as 13 percent in one season.
"The algae need liquid water in order to bloom," said the University of Leeds' Stefanie Lutz, lead author of the study. "Therefore the melting of snow and ice surfaces controls the abundance of the algae. The more melting, the more algae. With temperatures rising globally, the snow algae phenomenon will likely also increase leading to an even higher bio-albedo effect."
It is unclear how widespread these algae blooms can become, but based on her observations, Lutz said "a conservative estimate would be 50 percent of the snow surface on a glacier [will be covered by the algae] at the end of a melt season."
A separate study by NASA, which analyzed more than 87,000 satellite images, found extensive greening of land in Canada and Alaska while these area's Boreal regions were browning as a result of climate change.
"Whereas temperature limited tundra regions have almost ubiquitously increased productivity with warming temperatures … trees in the boreal system do not respond well to high temperatures," said Scott Goetz, deputy director and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center. "It's not what most people typically think of as drought, related to soil moisture, but the effect is the same. Boreal trees are like living organisms anywhere, they will do what they need to do to survive… It's all finely tuned by centuries of evolutionary adaptation."
New research in the journal Nature Climate Change statistically attributes these changes human causes.
"Our findings reveal that the observed greening record is consistent with an assumption of anthropogenic forcings, where greenhouse gases play a dominant role, but is not consistent with simulations that include only natural forcings and internal climate variability," the authors write.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Yellowstone National Park, Venice, Jordan's Wadi Rum, and Easter Island's Rapa Nui National Park are some of the 31 natural and cultural World Heritage sites in 29 countries that are threatened by climate change according to a new report released by UNESCO, the United Nations Environment Program and the Union of Concerned Scientists. Melting glaciers, rising seas, increasing wildfires and harsher droughts could severely diminish the value of protected sites, making them unsuitable for a World Heritage designation, the report says. Climate change could eventually cause some of the sites to lose their status.
Also at risk, according to the report, is local economic development in the areas near world heritage sites. Specifically, the tourism sector is vulnerable to loss and damage to assets and attractions as well as to increasing insurance costs and safety concerns.
"The fastest growing risk to World Heritage, and one of the most under-reported by the countries that are parties to the World Heritage convention, is from climate change," said Adam Markham, deputy director of the Climate and Energy Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. He pointed out that climate change brings not only direct impacts but "acts as a 'risk multiplier,'" compounding local stresses such as urbanization, agricultural expansion and pollution.
In the Galapagos Islands, threats to wildlife from tourism, invasive species and illegal fishing are exacerbated by rising seas and warming and more acidic oceans. At Stonehenge, warmer winters will likely increase numbers of burrowing animals that could undermine archaeological deposits and destabilize stonework.
"Globally, we need to better understand, monitor and address climate change threats to World Heritage sites," said Mechtild Rössler, director of UNESCO's World Heritage Centre. "As the report's findings underscore, achieving the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global temperature rise to a level well below 2 degrees Celsius is vitally important to protecting our World Heritage for current and future generations."
Ocean Current Affecting Temperatures in Antarctica
A new study in the journal Nature Geoscience suggests that ocean currents are slowing the warming effects on Antarctica as Arctic ice melts on the other side of the world. Warm waters in Gulf Stream cool as they flow into the North Atlantic, then sink for centuries before surfacing off the coast of Antarctica.
"With rising carbon dioxide you would expect more warming at both poles, but we only see it at one of the poles, so something else must be going on," said Kyle Armour, lead author and University of Washington assistant professor. "We show that it's for really simple reasons, and the ocean currents are the hero here."
Old, deep water that's coming up to the surface all around Antarctica—water that hasn't come into contact with the atmosphere or experienced climate change in hundreds of years—is behind the drastic differences in the continent's water temperature.
Using drifting floats—known as the Argo array—and climate models, the study authors tracked heat. They found that nearly 68 percent of the heat taken up by the southernmost parts of the Southern Ocean was carried north.
A separate study in the journal Remote Sensing of the Environment also attributes ocean currents, in part, to increasing Antarctica temperatures and sea ice growth. It suggests that the Southern Ocean Circumpolar current prevents warmer water from reaching the continent and that icy winds help the formation of sea ice persist.
Record Renewable Investment by Developing Countries in 2015
For the first time, emerging economies spent more on renewable energy than developed economies, according to the Renewables Global Status report prepared by the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). In 2015, developing countries invested $156 billion in renewables—a 19 percent increase from the previous year.
"What is truly remarkable about these results is that they were achieved at a time when fossil fuel prices were at historic lows, and renewables remained at a significant disadvantage in terms of government subsidies," said Christine Lins, REN21's executive secretary.
By the end of 2015, countries around the world had installed a record annual total of 147 gigawatts of renewable generating capacity—enough to meet 23.7 percent of global electricity demand. China was the leader in renewables investment, followed by the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom and India.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Last week more than 150 nations signed the Paris Agreement, pledging to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Now, the first comprehensive analysis of the impacts of that half centigrade difference has been published in the journal Earth System Dynamics. The scientists found the additional 0.5 degrees Celsius would lead to longer heatwaves—"the difference between events at the upper limit of present-day natural variability and a new climate regime"—as well as more severe droughts and, in the tropics, decreased crop yield and the potential demise of all coral reefs. The extra 0.5 degrees Celsius could also mean that global sea levels rise 10 centimeters more by 2100.
"We found significant differences for all the impacts we considered," says the study's lead author Carl Schleussner, a scientific advisor at Climate Analytics in Germany.
The researchers analyzed climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report, which focused on the projected regional impacts of 1.5 degrees Celsius and 2 degrees Celsius of warming, and considered 11 indicators, including extreme weather events, water availability, crop yields, coral reef degradation and sea-level rise.
They found that projected climate impacts at a 2 degrees Celsius increase are significantly more severe than at a 1.5 degrees Celsius increase in some regions. In the Mediterranean, for example, fresh-water availability by 2100 would be some 10 percent lower in a 1.5 degrees Celsius world and 17 percent lower in a 2 degrees Celsius world. In Central America and West Africa, the half-degree difference could reduce maize and wheat yields by twice as much. Tropical regions would bear the brunt of the impacts of an additional half degree of warming, experiencing heat waves at about twice the global rate. Those events could last up to three months at 2 degrees Celsius, compared with two months at 1.5 degrees Celsius, the researchers say.
Tropical coral reefs are particularly sensitive to the half degree increase. By 2100, some reefs might adapt to 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming, but the larger increase would put nearly all of them at risk of severe degradation from coral bleaching.
EPA Moves Forward with Clean Energy Incentives Program
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has sent a proposal on the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP), an optional program included in the Clean Power Plan that rewards states for early investment in certain renewable energy or energy efficiency projects in 2020 and 2021, to the Office of Management and Budget for review. The move is the final step before the CEIP can be formally proposed to the public (subscription).
The EPA released details on the draft CEIP as part of the final Clean Power Plan—the Obama administration's rule to limit greenhouse gas emissions from the existing fleet of fossil fuel-fired power plants—in August. But, earlier this year, the Supreme Court issued a stay of the Clean Power Plan.
"Many states and tribes have indicated that they plan to move forward voluntarily to work to cut carbon pollution from power plants and have asked the agency to continue providing support and developing tools that may support those efforts, including the CEIP," the EPA said. "Sending this proposal to OMB for review is a routine step and it is consistent with the Supreme Court stay of the Clean Power Plan."
Pleasant Weather Affecting Americans' View of Climate Change
A new study in the journal Nature finds that 80 percent of Americans live in counties where the weather is more pleasant than four decades ago. This mild temperature trend, the study says, is increasingly preferred, lessening many Americans' concern about climate change.
"Rising temperatures are ominous symptoms of global climate change, but Americans are experiencing them at times of the year when warmer days are welcomed," said study co-author Patrick J. Egan, an associate professor at New York University's Wilf Family Department of Politics. He adds that "whereas weather patterns in recent decades have served as a poor source of motivation for Americans to demand a policy response to climate change, public concern may rise once people's everyday experiences of climate change effects start to become less pleasant."
Conducted by New York and Duke universities, the study examined each county in every U.S. state from 1974 to 2013—assessing the mildness of winters, rainfall averages, and humidity and heat intensity during summer months. It found that 99 percent of Americans live in places where the average January temperature increased.
"Here in the U.S., when we're experiencing ice storms, the idea of a 1.5 or 2 degree rise might sound like good news," said Megan Mullin, associate professor of environmental politics at Duke University. As a result, she said, scientists need to reconsider their messages.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Scientists at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) said on Monday that Arctic sea ice cover of 5.607 million square miles on March 24 represented the lowest winter maximum since records began in 1979. That's 5,000 square miles less than last year's record low. Contributing to the ice extent loss were record high air temperatures and relatively warm seawater.
"It is likely that we're going to keep seeing smaller wintertime maximums in the future because in addition to a warmer atmosphere, the ocean has also warmed up," said Walt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. "That warmer ocean will not let the ice edge expand as far south as it used to. Although the maximum reach of the sea ice can vary a lot each year depending on winter weather conditions, we're seeing a significant downward trend, and that's ultimately related to the warming atmosphere and oceans."
After this winter's record ice lows, scientists expect the Arctic could be ice-free in the summer months in the next few decades.
"Sometime in the 2030s or 2040s time frame, at least for a few days, you won't have ice out there in the dead of summer," said John Walsh, chief scientist of the International Arctic Research Centre. "The balance is shifting to the point where we are not going back to the old regime of the 1980s and 1990s. Every year has had less ice cover than any summer since 2007. That is nine years in a row that you would call unprecedented. When that happens you have to start thinking that something is going on that is not letting the system go back to where it used to be."
The effects of diminishing sea ice may not be limited to just the Arctic.
"The Arctic is in crisis," said Ted Scambos, NSIDC lead scientist. "Year by year, it's slipping into a new state, and it's hard to see how that won't have an effect on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere."
A new paper in the Journal of Climate linked the vanishing Arctic sea ice, along with other sea ice melting and global sea-level rise, to climate change. The authors, who used computer models and field measurements to explore whether Arctic sea ice loss has contributed to melting of the Greenland ice sheet, say that melting Arctic sea ice can block cold, dry Canadian air, increasing the flow of warm, moist air over Greenland and contributing to extreme heat events and surface ice melting. If the Greenland ice sheet completely melted, the paper says, the global sea level would rise about 20 to 23 feet.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Files Brief Defending Clean Power Plan
The D.C. Circuit is set to begin hearing oral arguments challenging the Clean Power Plan—the Obama administration's rule to limit greenhouse gas emissions from the existing fleet of fossil fuel-fired power plants—in June. On Monday, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency filed its defense of the Clean Power Plan, telling the court that the rule is well within the bounds of its authority (subscription). Dozens of states and industry groups last month called the rule a "breathtaking expansion" of the power Congress gave the EPA—with the Clean Air Act—to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.
"The rule reflects the eminently reasonable exercise of EPA's recognized statutory authority," the EPA brief says. "It will achieve cost-effective [carbon dioxide] reductions from an industry that has already demonstrated its ability to comply with robust pollution-control standards through the same measures and flexible approaches. The rule fulfills both the letter and spirit of Congress's direction."
It is expected that whichever side loses in June will appeal to the Supreme Court, which in February issued a stay—sending the rule back to the D.C. Circuit Court.
Renewable Energy Investment Outpaced Other Technologies: Study
Investment in renewable energy generation last year was higher than in new coal- and gas-fired power plants, according to a new report from the Frankfurt School-United Nations Environment Programme collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF). In fact, renewables added more to global energy generation capacity than all other technologies combined—though they still only account for 10 percent of global electricity production.
"Global investment in renewables capacity hit a new record in 2015, far outpacing that in fossil fuel generating capacity despite falling oil, gas, and coal prices," said Michael Liebreich, chair of the BNEF advisory board. "It has broadened out to a wider and wider array of developing countries, helped by sharply reduced costs and by the benefits of local power production over reliance on imported commodities."
All investment in renewables—which includes new renewable energy capacity as well as early-stage technology, research and development—totaled $286 billion in 2015. That's roughly 3 percent higher than the previous record set back in 2011.
Countries contributing some of the most to these numbers included China, which in 2015 invested $102.9 billion (a 17 percent increase from 2014), representing 36 percent of the global investment total; Chile ($3.4 billion, a 151 percent increase), India ($10.2 billion, a 22 percent increase), Mexico ($4 billion, a 105 percent increase) and South Africa ($4.5 billion, a 329 percent increase).
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. denied a request for a stay or injunction of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Mercury and Air Toxic Standards (MATS) rule—a rule that 20 states have claimed is "unlawful and beyond EPA's statutory authority." The ruling means MATS, which requires coal-burning power plants to install technologies to reduce emissions of toxic pollutants, remains in effect while the EPA continues its study of compliance costs.
The stay denial, issued solely by Chief Justice Roberts and without comment, follows a June Supreme Court decision in which five justices found that the EPA should have considered compliance costs when determining whether it was "appropriate and necessary" to regulate mercury emissions from the power sector. The June ruling did not strike down the regulation; rather, it required the EPA to take costs into consideration.
In a supplemental finding proposed in November, the EPA indicated that the costs of implementing MATS were reasonable. The EPA is expected to finalize its cost accounting, which seeks to address court concerns, in April.
"These practical and achievable standards cut harmful pollution from power plants, saving thousands of lives each year and preventing heart and asthma attacks," said Melissa Harrison, EPA spokeswoman.
Melting of Greenland's Ice Sheet Accelerating with Loss of Reflectivity
A study in European Geosciences Union journal The Cryosphere finds that the reflectivity, or "albedo," of Greenland's ice sheet could decrease by as much as 10 percent by the end of the century, potentially leading to significant sea-level rise (subscription). The study links the diminishing capacity of Greenland's ice sheet to reflect solar radiation—so-called "darkening"—to positive feedback loops that quicken ice melt, allowing it to feed on itself.
Scientists have been aware of the feedback loops, lead author Marco Tedesco, a professor at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, told the Christian Science Monitor. "What's new," he said, "is the acceleration of the darkening, which started in 1996."
The research used satellite photos dating back to 1981 plus a model to examine the impact of increases of both impurities in the ice, often visible to the human eye, and the size of grains in the snowpack, which is often invisible to the human eye and which makes snow "'darker'—not dirtier, but more absorbent of energy from the sun," said Tedesco. As snowpack melts and refreezes, meltwater binds grains together. The larger the grains, the less reflective the surface of the ice sheet and the faster the melting, which keeps speeding up as the remaining impurities become concentrated at the surface.
The study attributes the acceleration of darkening in 1996 to a change in atmospheric circulation. The North Atlantic Oscillation, a natural weather cycle, went into a phase that favored incoming solar radiation and warm, moist air from the south. Although those conditions shifted in 2013 to favor less melting, the sensitivity of the ice sheet to atmospheric air temperatures had already increased, and in 2015, melting spiked again, affecting more than half of the Greenland ice sheet.
The study rejected one prominent theory of Greenland's darkening—namely, that worsening wildfires are releasing soot that is increasingly falling on Greenland. It finds "no statistically significant increase" in black carbon from fires in northern regions and an increase that is likely too small to matter from wildfires in temperate North America.
"Overall, what matters, it is the total amount of solar energy that the surface absorbs," said Tedesco. "This is the real driver of melting."
U.S. Makes First Green Climate Fund Payment
The United States has made the first payment to the United Nation's Green Climate Fund (GCF). The $500 million payment is part of a broader $3 billion pledge to the GCF, which helps poor countries fight climate change and adopt clean energy technologies.
"With this announcement, which comes less than three months after the historic Paris climate agreement, the United States continues to demonstrate leadership in the international climate arena," a State Department official told The Hill. "This grant is the first step toward meeting the president's commitment of $3 billion to the GCF and shows that the United States stands squarely behind our international climate commitments."
The GCF currently has $10.3 billion in pledges, of which $2.5 billion could be spent on projects in 2016. The GCF lacks staff to ensure GCF goals are met.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
The outlook for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Clean Power Plan, a rule intended to limit greenhouse gas emissions from the existing fleet of fossil fuel-fired power plants, is the subject of debate after two key Supreme Court events last week.
First, on Tuesday, the U.S. Supreme Court in a 5–4 decision issued a stay, delaying the execution of the plan, pending the outcome of legal challenges. The New York Times called the decision "unprecedented," because the Supreme Court had never before granted a request to halt a regulation before review by a federal appeals court. At a minimum, the ruling will allow states to skip the September deadline to submit compliance plans to the EPA.
A new twist on the fate of the Clean Power Plan came Saturday with the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia—leaving the Supreme Court with eight justices split evenly between conservatives and liberals, and evenly split on the question of that week's stay. Whether the White House or the Senate will confirm a new justice before the November 2016 Presidential election remains unclear, although political cynicism about any nominee's chances has dominated commentary. President Obama announced plans to nominate a new justice, and Senate Republican leadership has indicated that it does not intend to confirm Obama's candidate.
The D.C. Circuit is set to begin hearing oral arguments challenging the Clean Power Plan in June. Any ruling may be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
ClimateWire suggests three potential scenarios. For Clean Power Plan opponents, the best turn of events would be appointment of a new conservative-leaning justice, which would be made possible if the Senate successfully blocks an Obama appointee and a Republican takes the White House. Those in favor of the plan would benefit from appointment of a new liberal-leaning justice or from the court's consideration of the plan before a new justice is confirmed.
Politics surrounding the nomination of the new justice are complicated, writes Tom Goldstein of the SCOTUS blog.
Study: More Aggressive Emissions Reductions Needed to Curb Air-Pollution-Related Deaths
A new study undertaken by the World Health Organization and presented last week at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that 5.5 million die prematurely every year from air pollution. The authors—a team of U.S., Canadian, Chinese, and Indian scientists—said that most of the fatalities are in India and in China, where coal burning alone led to 366,000 deaths in 2013.
Researcher Qiao Ma from Tsinghua University in Beijing said coal burned for electricity was the largest polluter in China and that the country's new targets to reduce emissions, agreed at last year's Paris climate talks, are not sufficiently ambitious to end those deaths.
"Even in the most clean scenario in 2030," Ma said, China's growing and aging population will still suffer as many as 1.3 million deaths a year. "Our study highlights the urgent need for even more aggressive strategies to reduce emissions from coal and from other sectors."
Although China halted approval of new coal mines for three years at the end of 2015 and has issued stringent requirements similar to those recently proposed in the United States for new coal-fired power plants, these and other measures may not halt increases in mortality, reported Time.
"Air pollution is the fourth highest risk factor for death globally and by far the leading environmental risk factor for disease," said Michael Brauer of the University of British Columbia. "Reducing air pollution is an incredibly efficient way to improve the health of a population."
Agreements Made to Expand Renewables, Reduce Emissions
Governors from 17 U.S. states signed an accord to diversify energy generation with clean energy sources, modernize their energy infrastructure and encourage clean transportation options. Home to about 40 percent of the country's population, states signing the Governors' Accord for a New Energy Future are California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and Washington.
"With this agreement, governors from both parties have joined together and committed themselves to a clean energy future," said California Gov. Jerry Brown. "Our goal is to clean up the air and protect our natural resources."
As part of the agreement, states will cooperate on planning and policies—pooling buying power to get cheaper clean-energy vehicles for state fleets and to build more energy-efficient regional electrical grids.
Also preparing for a cleaner-energy future is Fiji, which on Friday became the first country to formally approve the United Nations climate deal reached in Paris when its parliament ratified the agreement. Under its national climate action plan, the archipelago, which is vulnerable to flooding and strong tropical storms as a result of climate change, pledged to generate all its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 and to reduce its overall energy-sector emissions by 30 percent by 2030—if it receives climate finance from industrialized nations.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.


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Definitions for executive branch
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word executive branch
Princeton's WordNet
executive branch, Executive Office of the President(noun)
the branch of the United States government that is responsible for carrying out the laws
executive branch(Noun)
The branch of government that oversees the carrying out of the laws
Executive Branch
The executive is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state. The executive branch executes the law. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers. In some countries, the term "government" connotes only the executive branch. However, this usage fails to differentiate between despotic and democratic forms of government. In authoritarian systems, such as a dictatorship or absolute monarchy, where the different powers of government are assumed by one person or small oligarchy, the executive branch ceases to exist since there is no other branch with which to share separate but equal governmental powers. The separation of powers system is designed to distribute authority away from the executive branch—an attempt to preserve individual liberty in response to tyrannical leadership throughout history. The executive officer is not supposed to make laws or interpret them. The role of the executive is to enforce the law as written by the legislature and interpreted by the judicial system.
Chaldean Numerology
The numerical value of executive branch in Chaldean Numerology is: 4
Pythagorean Numerology
The numerical value of executive branch in Pythagorean Numerology is: 7
Sample Sentences & Example Usage
He's an executive branch kind of guy, you can expect him to run for governor in 2018 without any question.
We need government prosecutors and government regulators to enforce the law, that's wholly within the power of the executive branch.
However, when a jury makes the decision and a judge signs a death warrant, enforcing that lawful decision is the obligation of the executive branch.
Trade Minister Nurettin Canikli:
The president's remarks were meant to be instructions. He is the semi-executive president, and the head of the executive branch. We should pay attention to what he says.
When an issue is mostly political, the judicial branch generally is not going to want to step in the middle of a dispute between the executive branch and the legislature.
Images & Illustrations of executive branch
Translations for executive branch
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
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EatingWell Blogs (Page 267)
When I'm feeling stressed or a little blue, I don't hit the vending machine or the drive-through window at the local fast-food joint. No, I grab a baking dish, or even a skillet, to make one of my favorite casseroles. Besides their comforting nature, casseroles are, by definition, incredibly easy—they're simply any food that is cooked and served in the same dish.
And for the record, they don't have to be covered with gobs and gobs of melted cheese. Casseroles can retain their title as king of comfort food when filled with vegetables, even fish. And just a little cheese, or maybe none at all, can still make a great casserole. All it takes is a little ingenuity like substituting cottage cheese for regular full-fat...read full post »
My husband and I have what I like to call "brinner" a few times a month. What is brinner, you may ask? For the uninitiated, brinner is breakfast for dinner. Brinner is what breakfast-lovers figured out long ago: with all the awesome breakfast recipes out there, like frittatas, pancakes and waffles, why only make them for breakfast? Who has time to make waffles on a Wednesday morning anyway? But Wednesday night? Wednesday night is a different story…
Here are a few of our favorite brinner recipes.
Apple-Bacon Pancakes with Cider Syrup—If you like apple pancakes and you like bacon, you'll love the taste...read full post »
TAGS: Food Blog, Breakfast, Carolyn Malcoun, Dinner, Family meals, Quick meals
Although I enjoy the grocery store (maybe it's because I'm a dietitian that I love checking out new products and comparing food labels), lately my husband is doing our grocery shopping.
His budget-friendly buys are great for our bank account. But they don't always align with my interest in eating organically. We don't buy everything organic, but pesticides can be absorbed into fruits and vegetables, leaving trace residues, and I'd prefer to not eat pesticides. Long-term exposure to them has been associated with cancer, infertility and neurologic conditions, such as Parkinson's. (Here are 4 ways to...read full post »
We have pasta night once a week (at least) at my house. There are lots of reasons why pasta makes it on our weekly dinner rotation—perhaps the best reason is that it's fast. While I do love to cook, I have a 30-minute rule during the week: if a recipe won't be ready in 30 minutes, I won't make it! I save longer, more complicated recipes for the weekend, when I have more time to enjoy the process. The other reason I love pasta is its versatility. It's a great way to enjoy traditional Italian sauces, but pasta also shines in Asian dishes, with untraditional toppings and more.
Plus, you can pack your pasta dinner full of fiber by going whole-grain. Check out the winners of...read full post »
We're officially midwinter and I miss the produce bins at the grocery store during midsummer that overflow with fruits and vegetables at the peak of ripeness. Right now the produce section looks more like a compost pile than anything else. If I have to put one more anemic tomato in my grocery cart, I think I'll scream.
I can't just stop eating fruits and vegetables for the winter, so I've turned to frozen for the time being. But when it comes to fresh vs. frozen, are we giving up nutrition for convenience? As it turns out, maybe not (especially when it comes to "out of season" produce).
Frozen vegetables may be even more healthful than some of the fresh...read full post »
TAGS: Food Blog, Budget meals, Dinner, Family meals, Hilary Meyer, Nutrition, Quick meals


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Gulf Coast High School Alumni
Gulf Coast Alumni Photos
What is this site?
- Send messages to alumni
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- Share your memories
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Famous Alumni
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If you know someone who graduated from GCHS in Naples, FL that has passed away, you can create a memorial for them.
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- Keith Stewart
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- Class of 2015 Andrew Acosta
- Class of 2004 Yanisley Santiago
- Class of 2008 Laron Lino
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- Amanda Kelly
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February Birthdays
Gulf Coast Alumni Merchandise
This site has been created for the former students of Gulf Coast located in Naples, Florida. If you haven't already, we also encourage you to register for free on this site. You may also want to check out the latest news and school memories. If you are a Gulf Coast alumn, we encourage you to register and be sure to sign up for the alumni newsletter.


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search all 100,280 blends
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BPAL: Mad Tea Party
signature blends by Christine B
Cheshire Cat Tea
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grapefruit, currant, chamomile
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let your fandom flag fly!
Are you & these teas the OTeaP? Show some love by sharing these teas with your fandom friends on tumblr!post to tumblr >>


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Jeff Burlingame eBooks
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The Story of Bad Boy Entertainment
Jeff Burlingame
Mason Crest, September 2014
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Posts Tagged 'spring'
Earthsky Tonight —The 2010 equinox comes on March 20
Courtesy of EarthSky A Clear Voice for Science www.EarthSky.org The March equinox marks that special moment when the sun crosses celestial equator, going from south to north. It happens today at 17:32 Universal Time, or 11:32 a.m. Mountain Daylight Time. The March equinox signals the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere and autumn in the southern hemisphere. The equinox is a hallmark in Earth's orbit, but it is also an event that happens on the imaginary dome of Earth's sky. ... Full Story
Earthsky Tonight — Young moon and Venus low after
Courtesy of EarthSky A Clear Voice for Science www.EarthSky.org It is nearly spring in the northern hemisphere. The March equinox - when the sun crosses the celestial equator from south to north – will fall on March 20. This time of year – near the spring equinox – is the most favorable for spotting a young moon. See if you can catch one today after sunset by the blazing planet Venus. A young moon is a thin waxing crescent moon visible in the west in evening twilight. The thinnest ... Full Story
Earthsky Tonight — March 5, 2010: Star Arcturus is a
Courtesy of EarthSky A Clear Voice for Science www.EarthSky.org The gloriously bright star Arcturus rises into your east northeastern sky around 9 p.m. tonight. This yellow-orange beauty – like any brilliant star – sparkles wildly when it hovers near the horizon. Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Bootes, which represents a Herdsman – though to our modern eyes, this star formation might look more like a kite or snow cone. Arcturus is the fourth brightest star in the ... Full Story


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In a message dated 02/17/2003 7:50:24 AM Central Standard Time,
email@example.com writes:
> When we moved to the county we had a friend who
> is a metal smith make us a mailbox of 1" thick plate steel and mounted
I thought that's what those posts are for, but I wasn't sure. I'll have to
concur that mailbox bashing, or blowing them up, is pretty common in this
area. They don't call us rednecks for nothing!
zone 7
West TN
To sign-off this list, send email to email@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE GARDENCHAT


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design of 1 sales page (html only)
This project was awarded to sanjay2004 for $121 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids61
Project Description
I require design (html) of 1 page health-related website.
It should have some header, small product-box with short description and buy button, some menu with links to few pages(disclaimer, privacy etc). You don't need to do any research on pharmacy descriptions/exact prices, all I need is good looking, solid design
Examples of sites that somewhat reflect what I am looking for
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Please make sure you can do at least as good design as I provided in examples (I prefer it to be better). If you are not 100% positive please refrain from bidding on this project. I am not going to pay for subpar work, provider be aware.
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Should you stay or should you go? LifeCenter, an Internet site created by the reference-publishing wizards at Information Access Co., offers online diagnostic tools that help you weigh your options.
LifeCenter assesses your work situation, helps you explore job possibilities, and provides expert advice from Joyce Lain Kennedy, a career columnist for the Los Angeles Times Syndicate. It's a fee-based service, but you can give it a free test drive for 48 hours.
Upon entering the "Change Your Job or Career" part of the site, you're asked to answer questions like "Do you get choice assignments?" and "Is there room for professional growth?" The site then uses your answers to help you decide whether to stay on board or to jump ship.
If you decide that your work isn't working, LifeCenter provides articles and tips to help you ensure that your next gig works out.
Coordinates: $795 per year. LifeCenter, http://library.iacnet.com/lifecenter
A version of this article appeared in the October 1998 issue of Fast Company magazine.


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This list is made up of a variety of actors, including Tom Cruise and Nicolas Cage.
If you want to answer the questions, "Who starred in the movie The Outsider?" and "What is the full cast list of The Outsider?" then this page has got you covered.
This cast list of who was in The Outsider includes both lead and minor roles. (73 items)
- 1
David Carradine Kill Bill Volume 1, Kill Bill Volume 2, Mean Streets
- 2
Woody Harrelson The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1, No Country for Old Men
- 3
Brooke Shields The Other Guys, The Muppets Take Manhattan, The Blue Lagoon
- 4
Tony Curtis Rosemary's Baby, Some Like It Hot, Spartacus
- 5
Naomi Watts King Kong, The Ring, Mulholland Drive
- 6
Tom Hardy The Dark Knight Rises, Inception, Black Hawk Down
- 7
Gabriel Byrne The Usual Suspects, Excalibur, Enemy of the State
- 8
Neve Campbell Scream, Scream 2, Scream 4
- 9
Walter Pidgeon Forbidden Planet, Mrs. Miniver, How Green Was My Valley
- 10
Jim Brown Mars Attacks!, Any Given Sunday, The Dirty Dozen
- 11
Charles Lane It's a Wonderful Life, The Aristocats, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
- 12
Keith Carradine Nashville, Cowboys & Aliens, McCabe & Mrs. Miller
- 13
Sterling Hayden The Godfather, Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love ...
- 14
Timothy Daly Diner, Justice League: Doom, Basic
- 15
Mike Tyson The Hangover, The Hangover Part II, Scary Movie 5
- 16
Bijou Phillips Almost Famous, Bully, Hostel: Part II
- 17
Bruce Bennett The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, Mildred Pierce, Sudden Fear
- 18
Annie Esmond Love^! Life and Laughter, Stolen Life, Saloon Bar
- 19
Barry Levinson Rain Man, High Anxiety, Bee Movie
- 20
Fewlass Llewellyn A Spot of Bother, All In, The Outsider
- 21
Jason Clarke The Great Gatsby, Zero Dark Thirty, Public Enemies
- 22
Norman Mailer Ragtime, King Lear, Cremaster 2
- 23
T. P. McKenna Straw Dogs, The Libertine, Valmont
- 24
David Leisure Airplane!, 10 Things I Hate About You, Airplane II: The Sequel
- 25
James Franciscus Beneath the Planet of the Apes, The Valley of Gwangi, Marooned
- 26
Damon Dash Paid in Full, Highlander: Endgame, State Property
- 27
John Noble The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, The Lord of the Rings: The ...
- 28
Roger Ebert Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2
- 29
Mary Clare The Lady Vanishes, Moulin Rouge, Oliver Twist
- 30
Robert Towne Shampoo, The Pick-up Artist, Suspect Zero
- 31
Craig Wasson A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors, Malcolm X, Akeelah and the ...
- 32
Niall O'Brien Braveheart, Excalibur, The Legend of 1900
- 33
Niall Tóibín Far and Away, Veronica Guerin, Ryan's Daughter
- 34
Grant Piro Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles, Darkness Falls, Don't Be Afraid of the ...
- 35
Frank Lawton A Night to Remember, David Copperfield, Cavalcade
- 36
Jerry Doyle Storm Watch, Babylon 5: The Gathering, Open House
- 37
Frank Grimes A Bridge Too Far, The Funhouse, War of the Buttons
- 38
James Toback Bugsy, Alice, When Will I Be Loved
- 39
Gibson Gowland The Phantom of the Opera, The Wolf Man, Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans
- 40
Roy Atwell Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Souls for Sale, Red Hot Romance
- 41
Gregory Walcott Ed Wood, Plan 9 from Outer Space, Midway
- 42
Thomas Curtis Red Dragon, Sweet Home Alabama, North Country
- 43
Joan Standing Dracula, Greed, American Madness
- 44
Gail Harris Sorority House Massacre II, Curse of the Komodo, Hard to Die
- 45
Jacqueline Logan A Blind Bargain, Code of the Sea, Java Head
- 46
Harold Huth The Ghoul, Balaclava, Guilt
- 47
Lindsey Ginter Transformers: Dark of the Moon, Argo, Pearl Harbor
- 48
Mick Roughan The Proposition, The Condemned, The Outsider
- 49
Norman McKinnel Hindle Wakes, The Sleeping Cardinal, Downhill
- 50
Lou Tellegen Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, Parisian Love, The Outsider


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I played Riptide on my Nexus 7. I completed every level and have 125 stars, although I'm planning on getting every star eventually.
This game doesn't have spoilers by the way.
Riptide is a jet ski racing game. It is a lot like the Real Racing games, if you have played any of those. Instead of racing in cars on the road, the player races in jet skis on the water. It's very addicting, surprisingly so.
Riptide basically focuses around doing tricks off of ramps throughout each course. Tricks give you boost, which is essential to winning races. Various tricks give your jet ski various amounts of boost. If you fail to pull off the trick in time, your character wipes out and takes a second or two to recover. Tricks that give more boost take more time, so they are riskier.
The simple mechanic of tricks makes it more fun than many racing games I have played.
It has three game modes that the levels alternate between. It has a time attack mode, a mode where you have to perform as many tricks as possible in a given time limit, and finally, the standard racing mode against AI's (in the main campaign anyway). The normal racing mode is the most fun and the most satisfying, as you feel like you have more of a sense of accomplishment from passing other racers than the other modes, but the others are a nice way to mix it up.
Riptide is nothing too special; it is basically just Real Racing with less depth and more jet skis. However, it is a fun game for sure, which is what it was trying to be. I am giving it 7.9/10.


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Great accommodations, wonderful view! Will be back...see you in 2017!
This was a wonderful experience. The condo has the most beautiful view in all of Destin. We will be back for more good times.
The condo was beautiful with views from both bedrooms and an entire glass wall in the living room. It was spotless and beautifully decorated. We had some problems finding our key since the office was closed....we thought the office was located in the condo complex. Once we found the key....then the condo with help from the emergency number...everything was absoutely great. We hope to return next year to the same condo. The people at Holiday Isle went out of their way to be helpful.
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Our team will meet or beat the price to ensure that you can always confidently book directly with us.


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The Tower Haven family of companies prides itself on unparalleled service and performance. We are committed to providing unbiased advice and prudent strategies for our clients' accounting needs. Our services are always tailored to your unique needs. We provide accounting, bookkeeping, and financial consulting for small businesses . Our fee-only approach allows us to serve you without compromise. We do not work on a commission basis, nor do we benefit from recommending any particular course of action. Our reward is satisfied clients!
Our Commitment
At Tower Haven, we treat our clients with courtesy and integrity. We guarantee accurate, honest accounting and bookeeping services that gives your business peace of mind. We will lead you on a course to financial freedom. Our years of experience and notable expertise ensure that your financial future is in good hands.
We are a team of certified public accountants and advisors dedicated to the success of today's entrepreneur. Our proactive approach to advisory, audit, tax and wealth management services results in long-term, comprehensive financial management solutions that leave you free to do what you do best - build a successful business.


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Welcome to Desmoines Wedding Videgraphy. We are an Desmoines video production company that truly brings the art of filmmaking to you. What makes us different? We do not just shoot videos, we tell stories. The most important part of a production, whether it's a wedding or a commercial shoot, is to connect and engage with the viewer on an emotional level. Any type of emotion will do :-).
We believe that the entire process from start to finish is important, and every shot, cut, and sound effect is crucial in telling a story. Using beautiful imagery and a strong filmmaking background, we want to give couples an experience that they will never forget and a memento to stay in their families for generations, & clients a way to showcase their businesses in a creative, fun, and different way all the while staying true to their brand.
Who are we really? We are a video production company that strives for nothing but the best. We love meeting new people, collaborating on projects with like-minds, hearing people's ideas and visions and turning them into a reality, and most importantly, telling stories. As a filmmaker, I have grown up with a passion to be behind a camera and make magic. Seeing the smiles on someone's face after they view our work is what it's all about. It's much more than just shooting and editing, you have to add a lil' bit of soul in there too. From award-winning Wedding Diaries to inspired and creative commercial video productions, we want to turn your story into a classic.
Let us tell your story.
We love to recommend trusted professionals such as www.PixburghPhotoBooth.com and www.PittsburghEventGroup.com so if you need a Pittsburgh Photo Booth rental or a Pittsburgh dj company look no furtherWe love to hear back from our past couples and clients! Take a look at the kind words they had to say about us. It's enough to make me blush!
I can't say enough…There are no words to describe the job that Iris Films did for our wedding . Amazing, Awesome, stunning, breathtaking, impressive seem to do his work no justice. Everything was just perfect! Tony was so much fun and pleasant to be around! He blended in with my family and friends as though he'd worked with us before. And His WORK…there is no comparing. Tony took snippets of my wedding and turned it into a movie masterpiece centered around love! There is not one thing that I would ask him to do differently because everything is so perfect. I am truly in love with everything! His dedication to his job and craft is shown in every minute of our video. When you book Iris Films you are getting a professional who knows what he's doing. His work is phenomenal!! If I had to do it all over again, He'd be the first person I booked. I highly recommend him to all brides and grooms preparing for their big day! I am Exceedingly Satisfied!
Tony was a spectacular partner during our wedding. He responded quickly throughout the process and was able to handle a few last minute requests, went above and beyond consistently in what he delivered, and was extremely organized and helpful. I cannot recommend his team (and him) enough! Our family and friends absolutely loved the finished video and it arrived ahead of schedule.
I was sad to hear that Iris Films wasn't available for our wedding date on 10/10/15. But miraculously, right when I was going to settle and book someone else, Tony contacted me back stating my date had just reopened! Thank God for that because Tony and his crew were so so awesome!!! When I got my wedding diary video a couple weeks ago, I just teared up. My husband and I were so in love with it that we sat there and watched it numerous times. They made our wedding feel like a fairy tale in a movie. So beyond happy with it. We have shared it with all our family and friends and they all RAVED on how phenomenal it turned out. You guys captured all the great moments in such a beautiful way. You're editing, creative eye and attention to detail is exceptional. And Tony's personality, is just the best! He's fun, makes you feel at ease and just felt part of the family right away. Hands down the best investment we made for our wedding. Thank you for capturing and creating such a beautiful memory, for us to share and experience again and again, for many years to come. xoxo.
We hired Iris Films to take video of our wedding reception in Atlanta. From the get go they were very responsive and professional. My husband who has some experience with filming videos had a very high bar that Iris Films exceeded. During the event itself, they were on time, very courteous and friendly, and easy to work with. They made us feel very comfortable as they were taking footage and we didn't feel awkward or out of place – it felt very natural to have them around. The footage itself turned out very beautifully. They did a great job capturing many different moments throughout our reception, and creating a very compelling story to watch. I would not hesitate to recommend Iris films for anyone looking at wedding videos – they are the absolute best!
Tony did the videography for my brother's wedding several years ago, and his mother did the flowers for both my older siblings' weddings, so it was such an honor to have them both as a part of my wedding on June 13th, 2015 in Dallas, Texas!
I can't speak highly enough of Tony. He was fun, outgoing, and energetic while maintaining appropriate discretion and distance… Not once throughout the entire wedding weekend did I think, "Ugh I wish there wasn't a video camera in my way!" Nope, his team was perfect, staying out of the way while managing to capture every single detail. It was so fun to go back and watch all the footage, seeing things I didn't get to experience myself!
Tony did a great job of partnering with our photographer (who he had never worked with) and making sure to stay out of each other's way and help each other do the best job possible.
We got our wedding trailer YouTube video about a month after the wedding and an adorable box in the mail with labeled DVDs, popcorn, and a handwritten personal note just a few months after that — it contained a gorgeous scene menu, the trailer we had already scene, beautifully edited footage from the rehearsal dinner, all the toasts, footage from both bride and groom getting ready, the entire ceremony, highlights from the reception and after-party, and then, my favorite part, bonus scenes of interviews with our families and bridal party that we didn't know about! Especially watching those at the end, we could tell that all our guests had a fun time with Tony and his team, as well, opening up and goofing off, which is exactly what I wanted!
5 STARS in every regard! If you want a non-distracting videographer with a great personality plus amazing video to last the rest of your life, hire Iris Films for your wedding!!!


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This week, Laura talks cultural appreciation and how atheists can respond to someone praying for them.
5 Things I Learned About Prayer from a Catholic Charismatic Healer
Sometimes, silence is the last thing you need in prayer.
Hare Krishna Gets Evangelical
The fringe Hindu faith is rebranding itself in America — with evangelical techniques.
Religious Nationalism Will Undermine the Indian Economy
India's recent election highlights why religious freedom matters so much for stable democratic societies.
How My Book Entered India's Contest and Conflict Over Hinduism
When publishers in India agreed to stop publishing my book, they helped push the problems of fundamentalist Hinduism to the world stage.
India's Hindu, Muslim clashes explored in traveling U.S. exhibits
Two major traveling exhibits are offering sobering reflections on religious violence in India.


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A classic and iconic design from Casio, in stainless steel with an LCD digital display. With a 1/100 second stopwatch, daily alarm and automatic calendar. Fastens with a steel bracelet strap.
Thank you for visiting Casio A168WA-1YES Unisex Core Classic Digital Stainless Steel Watch, Silver on shoppingfind.co.uk
We bring the products from many websites to one website for you to search, save and compare.


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Continuing a longstanding collaboration, Tricker's and SOPHNET. present their latest collection for Spring/Summer 2014. This season, the collection sticks to a classic wingtip brogue offered in three finishes. There is a navy with silver heel model, an all-navy model, and a navy with silver toe model, all of which are crafted with premium calf leather and Dainite soles. Look for all three now at SOPHNET. stockists.


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Happy 15th Birthday, XML!
Download this episode
A birthday greeting from Jean Paoli, President of Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc., and Co-Creator of XML 1.0 @ W3C.
Available formats for this video:
Actual format may change based on video formats available and browser capability.
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Use weinre, WP8 and IE10 to debug your mobile HTML5 page remotely
Related episodes
Branching with the if Decision Statement and the Conditional Operator - 06
Declaring Variables and Assigning Values Duration - 05
Quick Overview of the Visual C# Express Edition IDE - 04
Dissecting the First C# Program You Created - 03
Operators, Expressions and Statements Duration - 07
Working with Classes and Inheritances in the .NET Framework Class Library - 16
More about Classes and Methods - 15
for Iterations - 08
Creating Arrays of Values - 09
while Iterations and Reading Data from a Text File - 11
The Discussion
Happy Birthday to 'the cornerstone' indeed!
Thanx Jean, you guys at the W3C truely lit the way with this one.
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Hoang Minh Giam Apartment For Rent . Location : 20 Hoang Minh Giam Street , Ward 9 , Phu Nhuan District . Usable area : 122 sqm , Hoang Minh Giam apartment for rent on high floor , 2 nice bedrooms , 2 spacious bathrooms , the kitchen is equipped with all the appliances and utensils you need to prepare your favourite dishes , kitchen area with dining table four chairs , living-room with modern design , for rent fully furnished , perfect apartment , nice furniture , park view , near Tan Son Nhat Airport , many foreigners living in this building .
We have many Hoang Minh Giam Apartment for rent in Tan Binh District , all apartments , many choices , best price . If you want to rent apartment in Hoang Minh Giam with cheap price , please send your request for us , you will find out what you need here .
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Hotels in Newton Falls
Hotel reservation
United States
Newton Falls
Hotel rooms in Newton Falls
There are not so many hotel rooms in Newton Falls, just 3, still everyone can find an offer to suit his choice. The most common offers in this city are 3 и 4 stars, they count 2 out of 3, and their prevalent location is central district. According to our practice, it is the most profitable to book a hotel in the south of Newton Falls, as it is the location of the hotels with optimal cost and quality offers along with the cheap hotels. Taking into account the small size of the city, there is no need to dwell hotel reservation on the location: the road to the city center would take less then half an hour, so one can book a hotel in any district of Newton Falls. The most populated with hotels district of Newton Falls is the north, 100% of cheap hotel rooms are concentrated here. Newton Falls is an ideal place for family and business, such travellers rate hotels there 7.1 out of 10 on average. Apart from all these, hotels in Newton Falls offer their customers business centre, laundry service, pets allowed and restaurant/cafe. The most appreciated amenities in Newton Falls hotels are location and vibe. According to the visitors reviews, hotels in Newton Falls has tasty breakfast, fantastic service and best value for money. Take a look at our selection of the cheap hotel rooms in Newton Falls to make a well-informed choice for your reservation!
Best hotels in Newton Falls
Hotels in Newton Falls are spread around the city within the distance of 3.8 kilometers. Those who are keen on antique should definitely fall in love with
Holiday Inn Express Lordstown-Newton Falls/Warren
, the oldest hotel of Newton Falls, constructed in 2003. This hotel is located 3.5 km away from the city center. The most popular accommodations in Newton Falls is
Holiday Inn Express Lordstown-Newton Falls/Warren
, 3 stars hotel located in a 3.5 kilometers from the city center.
The best hotels are here and now. Try them!
All cities in United States


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How To Be Successful In Real Estate
March 25, 2016 Uncategorized 0
Although it can be exciting to own commercial property, it also does take plenty of effort to upkeep. It can be quite intimidating, and leave you wondering how to even start organizing the things that have to be accounted for….
Read more


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When the referee blows his whistle to start the opening game of this year's Major League Soccer season, MLS will officially become older than the North American Soccer League ever got. The NASL lasted 17 seasons, and the 2013 season will be MLS' 18th. So this seems an appropriate time to recount the decline of the NASL from the heights that it enjoyed in the late 1970s to its demise in 1985, a decline that MLS has avoided.
I said in a post last summer that I think the main cause of the NASL's demise was its over-expansion in 1978, but pinpointing when the decline began is difficult. The first signs of it may have appeared in 1980, when ABC cut back its television coverage of the NASL from a game of the week to just the Soccer Bowl, although average attendance did hit an NASL high of 14,997 that season. In 1981, attendance was still strong, at 14,674, but the bellwether New York Cosmos, whose average had topped off at 50,842 in 1978, were seriously sliding, down to 36,717 in 1981.
The indications that the NASL was losing ground became unmistakeable in 1982. There were continued cutbacks in TV exposure. The number of teams in the league, which had reached a high of 24 in 1978, now was down to 14, and one of the six who folded before the 1982 season was the Dallas Tornado, the last remaining survivor from among the league's original 17 teams in 1968. The league's attendance average dropped in 1982 to 13,436, and the Cosmos, despite winning another championship, fell to 30,153. The results of all this were apparent at the NASL title game, where the festive atmosphere of just a few years before was gone. If the highs of 1977-79 hadn't been as high as they were, maybe the drop-off wouldn't have seemed as bad.
The last two seasons of the NASL were ones of increasing desperation. Attendance dropped only a bit more in 1983, to 13,197, but it fell to 10,689 in 1984. The Cosmos were down to 26,614 in 1983 and 12,834 in 1984. In 1983, attempts by the league to run an all American franchise in Washington and to convince FIFA to give the 1986 World Cup to the United States both fell flat.
The NASL played its final season in 1984, but it didn't intend at the time that 1984 would be the last. At the end of the season on Oct. 3, there still were plans for a 1985 season. There had been nine teams in the NASL in the 1984 season, and four of those, the Cosmos, Toronto Blizzard, Minnesota Strikers and Tampa Bay Rowdies, expressed an interest in playing in 1985. Clive Toye, the man behind the building of the Cosmos in the 1970s, took over as head of the league after NASL president Howard Samuels died of a heart attack on Oct. 26, 1984. Toye hoped to attract a few more franchises to join those four.
New York and Minnesota both played in the Major Indoor Soccer League in its 1984-85 season, and while the Strikers fared well, the Cosmos suffered a flood of both red ink and defeats that caused them to drop out of the MISL in mid-season on Feb. 22, 1985. Two weeks after that, they announced that they had decided not to pay their performance bond for the 1985 NASL season and would attempt to play an independent schedule of friendlies instead. With that announcement, potential team owners that Toye was wooing began to get cold feet, and with only two teams committed to playing in 1985 (Toronto and Minnesota), Toye yielded to the inevitable and announced the folding of the league on March 28, 1985.
The end of the NASL was an event that, by the time it happened, had been seen coming for so long that its immediate impact was somewhat muted. Within a few years, however, American soccer fans began to realize how keenly they felt the gap that the end of the NASL had created, and that feeling certainly was a part of the impetus behind the creation of MLS a decade later.


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HomoTech :: Judge a Book By Its XTube
Oscar Raymundo is a freelance writer based in San Francisco. He has written for SF Weekly, the SF Bay Guardian, Wired, Newsweek, BusinessWeek, Fast Company, CosmoGIRL! and the official Facebook blog. He is currently at work on his first novel.
He blogs here.
He blogs here.


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Ted's story of "How I Met Your Mother" will continue for at least another year.
CBS has given the comedy an early pickup for the 2010-11 season, the network confirms to Zap2it. The news comes on the heels of series creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas signing a new deal with "HIMYM" producer 20th Century Fox TV, which secures their services for three more years and includes new development as well as the current show.
The early renewal is something of a changeup for "How I Met Your Mother," whose renewal has been left to the last minute more than once in its five-season life. The show, however, has earned solid ratings so far this season as the lead-off to CBS' Monday comedy block. It averages 8.9 million viewers (including repeats) and a 3.6 rating among adults 18-49; the latter number is among the top 40 shows on television for 2009-10.
The renewal also locks three of the Monday block's pieces into place for next season. "Two and a Half Men" and "The Big Bang Theory" are each in the midst of multi-year commitments.
"How I Met Your Mother" reached the 100-episode milestone earlier this month. In the episode, Ted (Josh Radnor) catching the first glimpse of his future mate — he saw her foot as she disappeared into the bedroom of an apartment she shares with the woman Ted was dating (guest star Rachel Bilson).
Follow Zap2it on Twitter and Facebook for the latest TV, movie and celebrity news.
Could 'How I Met Your Mother' suit up for eight seasons?
Carrie Underwood flies the 'HIMYM' friendly skies
'HIMYM' recaps
Photo credit: CBS