text:
Kent-how many Iris do you grow? And what all kinds do you grow? I have enjoyed seeing the pictures you post. You seem to have a pretty good collection of Iris. MikeKent Appleberry <email@example.com> wrote:
Was quite orange last year. This shot was taken in the morning, so the lightwas fairly neutral.KentSanpete County, Utahzone 4/5, about 6,000 feetNote on color: The photo was processed on my Mac, which means that while itlooks right on my screen, it's likely to look a little darker, with
moresaturated color, possibly shifted a bit more red, on the typical PC monitor.This isn't a defect in either type of monitor, just a typical difference.
US News
Get the latest
national news now
Read Ivanka's Blog
Stay updated on
The Apprentice.
Hot Headlines
Get localized news
for your area.


text:
Lemon Cheese Dessert Bombe
|Unflavored gelatin
|1 Tablespoon (1 Envelope)
|2 Tablespoon
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Cream cheese
|3 Ounce, softened (1 Package)
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Lemon yogurt
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Fresh strawberries
|4 , halved
In small saucepan soften gelatin in the water; stir in milk.
Cook and stir till gelatin is dissolved.
Combine cream cheese and sugar; stir in yogurt.
Gradually blend in gelatin mixture.
Pour into six 1/2-cup molds.
Chill till set.
Unmold; garnish with halved fresh strawberries, if desired.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1066 Calories from Fat 323
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 37 g56.3%
Saturated Fat 20.6 g103.2%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 116.1 mg38.7%
Sodium 500 mg20.8%
Total Carbohydrates 146 g48.6%
Dietary Fiber 0.96 g3.8%
Sugars 140.9 g
Protein 46 g91%
Vitamin A 26.2% Vitamin C 55.9%
Calcium 55.6% Iron 4.2%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chili cookoff, seniors job fair and other upcoming events
More cooks are needed for Mission Viejo's Community of Character fourth annual chili cookoff Saturday to benefit the American Cancer Society's Relay for Life Mission Viejo. The chili cookoff runs from 11:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the Norman P. Murray Community and Senior Center, 24932 Veterans Way.
The $25 entry fee will help support cancer research and programs. Chili lovers are encouraged to support the event by savoring and judging chili samples for $5 donations. A $50 grand prize will be awarded for the best chili. Information: 949-470-3075 or cityofmissionviejo.org/character
Seniors Helping Seniors will host a job fair for potential senior caregivers at Laguna Woods Clubhouse Six, 5365 Albarrobo, from 10:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Monday. The job fair is for south Orange County seniors seeking flexible, part-time employment opportunities. The services that SHS provides include companion care, light housekeeping, personal care, transportation, over-night supervision, 24-hour care, house maintenance and small repairs and yard work.
RSVP: 800-481-2488. If you do not live in Laguna Woods, your name will be provided to the gate person for entry.
Margo Crummack was recently presented the Committee Member of the Year award by the Orange County Chapter of the Community Associations Institute at its Orange County Excellence in Community Awards program. Crummack, co-founder and CEO of Crummack Huseby, Inc., a Lake Forest-based real estate and management services company, was recognized for her work and dedication to CAIOC's Education Committee and her contributions to the industry as chapter speaker and contributing writer for its OC View Magazine.
Mission Viejo City Council has proclaimed March is Prescription Drug Abuse Awareness Month. Events throughout the month will include a showing of the documentary "Behind the Orange Curtain" in Casta Del Sol at 7 p.m. March 19. Information: email@example.com
Mission Viejo's Up in the Air Festival takes flight March 22 at the Oso Viejo Community Park, near the Norman P. Murray Community and Senior Center, 24932 Veterans Way. The event, which runs from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., will feature crafts, games, disc-dog shows, entertainment, exhibitors, food, remote-controlled planes, bungee trampoline and synchronized kites to music.
Perfection on Wheels, a bicycle stunt team, will perform at 11:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m. and 3 p.m. The Disc Dogs in Southern California will perform at 12:15 p.m. and 2:15 p.m.
The Mission Viejo Activities Committee, which hosts the free event, will award its scholarship winners at the festival. Information: 949-830-7066.
The Orange County Sheriff's Department will hold a free presentation for adults on electronic cigarettes from 6:30 to 8 p.m. March 25 at 25550 Commercentre Drive, Lake Forest. Information: email email@example.com.
This year's Meet the Mayor event, co-hosted by the Lake Forest Chamber of Commerce and the city, is set for March 26 at Intertek, 25800 Commercentre Drive, Lake Forest. Mayor Dwight Robinson is expected to deliver a state of the city address. Tickets: lakeforestcachamber.com
The Relay for Life of Mission Viejo's Rally for Life Tennis Tournament fundraiser was rescheduled for 9 a.m. April 6 because of the recent rain. The tournament still will be at the Marguerite Tennis Pavilion, 23840 Marguerite Parkway. Information: mvrelay.org or email email@example.com.
Students can win a Nintendo DS or iPad Mini by making posters, slogans, photos or digital art by April 4 that illustrates why water is important or how to conserve. Information: 949-459-6548 or smwd.com/watercontest
Most Popular
- 6 restaurant closures include a 30-year-old Mimi's Cafe, Souplantation and 2 Subways in I
- 3 dead, 2 injured after small plane crashes into Riverside home
- Former Santa Ana teacher gets 190 years for sexually assaulting girls during Philippines
- Johnson & Johnson completes $4.3B acquisition of Abbott Medical Optics in Santa Ana
- Irvine Jewish community center, school evacuated after bomb threat
User Agreement
Comments are encouraged, but you must follow our Privacy Policy Policy & Terms of Use
Keep it civil and stay on topic. No profanity, vulgarity, racial slurs or personal attacks. People who harass others or joke about tragedies will be blocked. By posting your comment, you agree to allow Orange County Register Communications, Inc. the right to republish your name and comment in additional Register publications without any notification or payment.


text:
Executive Editor, Cancer Research, Philadelphia or Boston
- Location
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (US)
- Salary
- Competitive Salary
- Posted
- Sep 20, 2016
- Closes
- Nov 16, 2016
- Discipline
- Life Sciences, Cancer Research/Oncology, Operations, Editorial, Medical Writing
- Result Type
- Jobs
- Hours
- Full Time
Executive Editor, Cancer Research
Organization Profile:
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), with more than 37,000 members residing in 108 countries, is the first and largest organization in the world dedicated to advances in all areas of high-quality, innovative cancer research. Its mission is to prevent and cure all cancers. The programs and activities of the AACR foster the exchange of new knowledge among scientists and physicians in the cancer field as well as in related biomedical sciences. AACR publishes eight peer-reviewed scientific journals and an award-winning magazine for cancer patients and their loved ones; convenes topical scientific conferences and an annual meeting that draws more than 19,400 participants; offers educational workshops that train young investigators in a variety of scientific and clinical areas; funds fellowships, career development awards, and research grants for both senior and junior investigators; raises public awareness of the progress in and reasons for hope in the biology, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer; engages actively in advocacy for increased federal research funding and other national policies that accelerate progress against cancer; and interacts with regulatory agencies to support regulatory science and policy.
As part of its ongoing commitment to provide up-to-date, comprehensive information to the cancer science community, the AACR publishes the journal, Cancer Research, which is celebrating its 75th anniversary this year. Cancer Research is consistently one of the most frequently cited journals in the field. The Journal has a 2015 Impact Factor of 8.556, and ranks 13th of 213 journals in the Oncology category (2015 Journal Citation Reports).
This high-impact Journal publishes original research, reviews, and opinion pieces, with a primary focus on basic and preclinical research. The main scope of the Journal is captured in its subsections, which focus on integrated systems and technology; microenvironment and immunology; molecular and cellular pathobiology; prevention and epidemiology; therapeutics, targets, and chemical biology; and tumor and stem cell biology.
Position Summary:
The Executive Editor, Cancer Research, will be a seasoned publishing professional who will work with an established editorial team and will be responsible for the recruitment of high-impact, original cancer research articles. The Executive Editor will also network and maintain relationships with key scientists and physicians who are potential authors of manuscript submissions to the Journal. This individual will also oversee and manage a rigorous manuscript peer review process.
Major Duties and Responsibilities:
- Responsible for the recruitment of high-impact, original cancer research articles.
- Works closely with the Editor-in-Chief and his Senior Editors to communicate the editorial vision of the journal to the scientific community, and to identify and invite high-quality original research articles, reviews, and special feature content.
- Manages a fair and timely peer-review process, including triage decisions, Senior Editor assignments, internal transfer requests, presubmission inquiries, and manuscript appeals, and ensures quality and timely handling of submissions.
- Working closely with an in-house Managing Editor, communicates with authors, editors, reviewers, and readers regarding all aspects of the Journal.
- Collaborates with the staff of the other seven AACR journals to ensure effective communication and promotion of synergistic opportunities, including but not limited to supporting and enforcing AACR editorial guidelines and policies and working to promote ethical publishing practices.
- Provides editorial direction for market research and promotional activities.
- Highlights the importance of articles to AACR's Communications and Public Relations Department to publicize those that will attract substantial media coverage.
- Monitors, evaluates, and reports on the activities of competing journals and other information products.
Education and Training:
- PhD or equivalent with cancer research background.
- Expertise in basic and preclinical cancer research preferred.
Qualifications and Competencies:
- At least 5-7 years of experience in scientific or medical journal publishing, including significant senior-level editorial experience.
- A track record of peer-reviewed publications in the cancer field.
- Experience as a peer reviewer or as an editorial board member for cancer or cancer-related biomedical journals.
- Thorough knowledge of the scientific journal peer review process.
- Knowledge of editorial standards for scientific journals.
- Understanding of ethical issues in publishing.
- Advanced writing ability and strong communication skills.
- Ability to communicate effectively with authors, editors, and inhouse staff members.
How To Apply:
Please submit your cover letter and resumé (including salary history) to:
Human Resources
P.O. Box 40138
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Equal Opportunity Employer


text:
Create a free account to check out faster, store multiple shipping addresses, view and track your orders in your account, and much more.
Please enter your password to continue.
Finally, we can follow Rihanna's lead and "shine bright like a diamond" with this skin-brightening liquid foundation. A beauty editor favorite, it delivers oil-free moisture and a smooth, flawless finish that's true to its name. Formulated with SPF 25, it protects skin while creating the gorgeous glow of a precious gem (or a multiplatinum pop star).
So I have received two samples of this product now, one from Sephora and one from Birchbox. The sample from Sephora was a complete bus it was way to light. Birchbox sent me this product in the darkest shade it comes in. But the things about sampling foundations is they rarely ever get the shade right. And in this instance the products range is so limited, my shade doesn't exist ( not a dark enough shade). From what i saw on the back of my hand, it had a nice texture, it was just very thin though. I guess it could be buildable though.1
I received this product in Ivory. I have been really into BB creams lately, so I hadn't tried or thought to try this product. I have to say, it is great! Light, evens out my skin tone, and SPF FTW! I would buy a full size from Birchbox right now, BUT the site doesn't have the Ivory shade for sale or in stock. Bummer! I will probably go find it somewhere else. Great product! So excited to have it in my box this month.5
Over the past couple of years, I've tried a great deal of different foundations and found the majority of them lacking - either because it seemed like they didn't work, or they weren't the right shade. This one, however, is great. It's the only one I've found that comes in a shade light enough for me, and I can tell that it works.4
I just used this product when I received it in my very first Birchbox. I've loved all the other Benefit products I've tried before this Foundation sample.
It seems very light weight, with decent coverage. I'm hopeful it doesn't break out my skin like all other foundation attempts before it, but so far, i'm very pleased! It's like my skin, but better!! And the SPF is a great addition as well!


text:
All advanced health care systems face severe difficulties in financing the delivery of todayrs"s sophisticated medical care. In this study David Wilsford compares the health systems in France and the United States to demonstrate that some political systems are considerably more effective at controlling the cost of care than others. He argues that two variables-the autonomy of the state and the strength and cohesiveness of organized medicine-explain this variance. In France, Wilsford shows, the state is strong in the health policy domain, while organized medicine is weak and divided. Consequently, physicians exercise little influence over health care policymaking. By contrast, in the United States the state is weak, the employers and insurers who pay for health care are fragmented, and organized medicine is strong and well financed. As a result, medical professionals are able to exert a greater influence on policymaking, thus making cost control more difficult. Wilsford extends his comparison to health care systems in the United Kingdom, West Germany, Italy, Canada, and Japan. Whether the private or public sector finances health care, he discovers, there is now an important trend in all of the advanced industrial countries toward controlling escalating costs by curbing both the medical professionrs"s clinical autonomy and physiciansrs" incomes.
Categories: Cross-cultural studies, Health Policy, Health policy United States, Medical / Health Care Delivery, Medical / Health Policy, Medical / Public Health, Medical economics, Medical economics France, Medical economics/ United States, Medical policy, Medical policy France, Medical policy United States, Uncategorized
Categories: Business & Economics / Commerce, Business & Economics / Industries / General, Competition, Competition/ United States, Medical / Administration, Medical / General, Medical / Health Care Delivery, Medical / Health Policy, Medical / Practice Management & Reimbursement, Medical care, Cost of, Medical care, Cost of/ United States, Medical economics, Medical economics/ United States, Uncategorized


text:
Use of enzymatic tools for biomonitoring inorganic pollution in aquatic sediments: a case study (Bor, Serbia)
- Marioara Nicoleta Filimon†1, 2,
- Dragos V Nica3,
- Vasile Ostafe†1, 2,
- Despina-Maria Bordean4,
- Aurica Breica Borozan5,
- Daliborca Cristina Vlad6 and
- Roxana Popescu†7Email author
© Filimon et al.; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd. 2013
Received: 28 December 2012
Accepted: 21 March 2013
Published: 28 March 2013
Sediment bacterial communities are key players in biogeochemical cycling of elements in the aquatic environment. Copper mining, smelting, and processing operations located in Bor area (Serbia) are major environmental hot spots in the lower Danube Basin and Western Balkans. In the present study, we evaluate the influence of trace element (TE) concentration in sediments and physico-chemical properties of water on sediment microbial communities in water streams adjacent to the Copper Smelter Complex Bor (RTB Bor, Serbia). The degree to which metabolic activities of bacterial biota inhabiting differently polluted sites is inhibited by inorganic pollution were compared using selected enzymatic bioindicators.
Cu, Zn, Pb, and As concentrations systematically exceeded the target values for metal loadings in aquatic sediments. Water electrical conductivity (WEC) followed the same pattern of spatial variation, irrespective of season. Interestingly, the most intense enzymatic activity occurred at the reference site although this site showed the greatest TE levels in aquatic sediments. Catalase activity (CA), potential dehydrogenase activity (PDA), actual dehydrogenase activity (ADA), urease activity (UA), and phosphatase activity (PA) in aquatic sediments displayed heterogeneous patterns of spatio-temporal variation. Inorganic pollution greatly affected CA, ADA, and PDA, but much less so UA and PA. Canonical correlation analysis showed that pH and WEC were the strongest determinants of enzymatic activity in bacterial biota, with the latter variable being reversely correlated with the enzymatic indicator of sediment quality (EISQ). The median values of EISQ increased with distance from the major sources of pollution. In addition, it was found that sites with different degrees of inorganic pollution can be appropriately classified by applying cluster analysis to EISQ, TE levels in sediments, and physico-chemical properties of water.
Because EISQ can precisely identify changes in overall enzymatic activity of sediment bacterial communities, this enzymatic bioindicator has a great potential for biomonitoring the current status of inorganic pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
KeywordsSediment bacterial community Inorganic pollution Enzymatic indicator of sediment quality Environmental biomonitoring
River sediments play a key role in biogeochemical cycling of elements in the aquatic environment [1]. Sediments are either suspended in the water column, i.e., suspended sediments, or deposited on the river beds, i.e., bedded sediments [2]. Trace elements (TE) from anthropic sources enter the water column, are absorbed onto sediment particles and then settle on the river/stream beds [3]. The degree of pollutant distribution, accumulation and mobility in sediments is influenced by various factors, such as sediment texture, mineralogical composition, absorption and desorption processes, or oxidation-reduction equilibrium [4]. Once deposited in sediments, pollutants interfere in trophic chains via bioaccumulation and biomagnification [5]. In addition, sediment deposition has negative effects on biota and physical habitat, which occasionally result in limitation of photosynthesis, changes in population structure, or spawning habitat degradation [1]; therefore, measurement of TE concentration in sediments functions as an important tool for assessing contamination in aquatic environments [6].
Although such geochimical criteria provide a measure of contaminant retention in aquatic sediments, they do not provide objective information concerning their impact on biotic components of an ecosystem. Because microbial communities are deeply involved in metal mobility [7], several study authors have investigated the relationships between TE concentration and microbial enzymatic activity to assess the degree of pollution in aquatic sediments. It was found that each bacterial community reacts differently in response to environmental pollution. For example, in the same environments microbial activity (e.g., dehidrogenase activity) was inhibited by trace metals [8–10], whereas in other bacterial communities the microbial activity was insensitive even to high metal loadings in soil/sediments [10, 11]. In sum, specialized biomarkers are needed when assessing the impact of anthropic-induced pollution on microbial enzymatic activity. If the study is oriented toward practical applications, i.e., in the present case, the investigations should be focused on finding whether pollutants have negative effects on those microbial activities that are thought to be ecologically important [12]. Various enzymatic activities, such as catalase activity (CA), potential dehydrogenase activity (PDA), actual dehydrogenase activity (ADA), urease activity (UA), or phosphatase activity (PA), were shown to be related to the degree of inorganic contamination in soils and sediments [13–15]. Measurement of these enzymatic activities may therefore allow environmental scientists to assess the impact of inorganic pollution on soil/sediment bacterial biota. This approach provides the basic evidence needed to assume the occurrence of contamination with xenobiotics in natural environments without predicting the metabolic response at organism level at the given level of exposure [16]. The enzymatic indicator of sediment/soil quality (EISQ), by contrast, provides a more comprehensive overview of the changes that occur in microbial metabolism in response to environmental pollution by simultaneously assessing the additive effect of inorganic contaminants on several key enzymatic activities such as CA, PDA, ADA, UA, and PA [17, 18]. EISQ was shown to decrease in a dose-dependent manner in response to zinc, cadmium, or lead exposure under laboratory conditions [15, 19]. In natural environments, EISQ has proved to be strongly correlated with levels of chlorides, sulfates, magnesium, natrium, iron, lead, copper, and zinc in aquatic sediments [20]. This bioindicator may hence serve as a potential solution to the aforementioned impediment.
- 1.
What is the level to which various trace elements accumulated in water stream beds around the city of Bor at key sampling points, and which is the current impact of inorganic pollution on water quality in these rivers?
- 2.
How are catalase activity (CA), potential dehydrogenase activity (PDA), actual dehydrogenase activity (ADA), urease activity (UA), or phosphatase activity (UA) of sediment bacterial biota influenced by TE deposition in water stream sediments and the physico-chemical properties of the water?
- 3.
Can EISQ serve as a reliable biomarker of inorganic pollution in Bor area, what are the limitations associated therewith, and how can such impediments be overcome?
Results and discussions
Physico-chemical properties of water
Physico-chemical properties of water at investigated sites
5.091 ± 0.567
2.357 ± 0.321
7290 ± 4193
light grey
no odor
5.174 ± 1.289
3.794 ± 0.721
908 ± 261
no color
no odor
7.987 ± 0.361
3.791 ± 0.227
1995 ± 1023
light grey
"rotten egg" odor
7.059 ± 1.361
5.123 ± 0.225
1832 ± 607
"rotten egg" odor
8.970 ± 1.741
7.765 ± 0.761
485 ± 231
no color
no odor
5.751 ± 1.082
2.458 ± 0.445
7450 ± 3098
light grey
no odor
5.832 ± 0.602
3.934 ± 0.631
927 ± 422
no color
no odor
8.081 ± 2.321
3.981 ± 0.429
1879 ± 1205
medium grey
"rotten egg" odor
7.674 ± 0.972
5.352 ± 0.895
1913 ± 887
"rotten egg" odor
9.134 ± 0.341
7.816 ± 0.806
495 ± 334
no color
no odor
5.876 ± 0.965
2.211 ± 0.274
7050 ± 4031
light grey
no odor
6.093 ± 1.772
8.070 ± 0.552
911 ± 553
no color
no odor
8.979 ± 0.871
4.311 ± 0.612
1771 ± 1028
light grey
"rotten egg" odor
7.821 ± 1.429
5.639 ± 0.186
1943 ± 881
"rotten egg" odor
8.952 ± 1.602
7.989 ± 0.388
497 ± 261
no color
no odor
5.368 ± 0.769
2.301 ± 0.306
7290 ± 2010
light grey
no odor
5.833 ± 1.003
7.940 ± 0.621
908 ± 712
no color
no odor
8.743 ± 2.412
3.963 ± 0.481
1995 ± 1054
medium grey
"rotten egg" odor
7.502 ± 2.971
5.263 ± 0.551
1832 ± 723
"rotten egg" odor
8.612 ± 1.231
7.942 ± 0.428
485 ± 210
no color
no odor
Correlations between enzymatic and abiotic variables within the area of interest
Water color and odor varied depending on location, but these features were not influenced by season (Table 1). Water had no color at sites S2 and SR, whereas its color ranged from grey at sites S1 and S3 to blackish at site S4. In addition, water samples from sites S3 and S4 had an unpleasant "rotten egg" odor. These results suggested that elevated levels of trace elements and intense activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria may account for bad water quality at these sampling sites [28, 29]. Metal processing in the Copper Smelter Complex Bor (RTB Bor) relies on an outdated processing technology, i.e., classic pyrometallurgical processing, that uses sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) to produce H2SO4 with less than 50% degree of utilization [30]. The Kriveljska and Bor rivers gather the waste waters from the "Jama Bor" underground mine, industrial waters from the city of Bor, drainage waters from the Veliki Krivelj tailing dam, Cerovo, Krivelj, and Bor open pit mines, and overburden waters from the Saraka stream [26, 31]. Long-term studies revealed that in the Bor River, downstream of confluence with the Kriveljska River, sulfate concentrations (SO42-) in water ranged from 880 to 3,235 mg/L [32]. These levels exceed, by far, the maximal sulfate concentration allowed in drinking water according to the secondary standards of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), i.e., 250 mg/L [33]. Therefore, such information may not only explain unusual water color and odor at sites S3 and S4, but they may also justify the local nickname of the Bor River downstream the confluence with the Kriveljska River, which is the Black River (Crna reka) [32].
WEC in freshwater streams should range between 150 and 500 μS/cm (i.e., micro Siemens per cm) to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems [34]. In the present study, only the measured levels for site SR were shown to vary within this range; these values were the lowest among investigated locations. The highest WEC levels were observed at site S1, whereas the measured values at site S3 were close to those encountered at site S4. Interestingly, WEC followed the same pattern of spatial variation, irrespective of season, and the corresponding values varied within similar range for each site. Because WEC is directly related to the concentration of salts dissolved in water [35], one can conclude that contaminant loading in water remained uniform between July 2011 and July 2012 for all investigated locations. This suggests that wastewater release upstream of all sampling sites was constant throughout the experimental period.
The highest DO levels were systematically detected at site SR, as well as at site S3 in March 2012 and July 2012. In contrast, the lowest DO concentrations were reported for sites S1 and S2. To support fish life the minimum amount of DO must exceed 4–5 mg/L [36], whereas the optimal values range between 7.0 and 11.0 mg/L [37]. Although the measured levels at sites S2, S3, and S4 lied within this range, the Bor River Basin is devoid of fish life [38]. A recent study showed that this river is home to a scarce macrozoobenthos community including larvae, nymphs, and adults of Diptera order, but not to members of Mollusca, Isopoda, Oligochaeta, or Hirudinea order/class. Althouhg neither macroalgae nor macrophytic vegetation were observed at investigated sites, small communities of Sphaerotilus bacteria were reported to exist [27]. Exposure to intensive long-term heavy metal pollution can be held accountable for damaging the native aquatic ecosystems [22, 23, 26].
TE levels in aquatic sediments
Trace element loadings in aquatic sediments
497.012 ± 261.23
45.323 ± 10.241
87.828 ± 42.581
4.629 ± 0.923
34.215 ± 12.903
96.217 ±23.088
23.002 ±16.603
1491.629 ± 190.238
125.619 ± 23.298
137.504 ± 54.261
4.695 ± 0.231
13.593 ± 12.094
182.707 ± 76.142
2190.084 ± 51.371
1097.572 ± 319.027
160.991 ± 39.903
140.428 ± 72.945
3.272 ± 1.274
10.722 ± 5.894
259.295 ± 172.074
3361.688 ± 193.092
1747.989 ± 424.722
64.905 ± 17.072
106.701 ± 43.706
5.424 ± 0.254
15.985 ± 7.439
24.127 ± 12.994
8.584 ± 4.026
324.123 ± 281.556
43.123 ± 9.342
222.123 ± 83.293
7.291 ± 1.712
13.907 ± 12.093
13.723 ± 5.096
8.514 ± 3.339
363.687 ± 120.502
47.384 ± 12.723
231.192 ± 31.528
7.529 ± 0.925
13.563 ± 2.055
17.693 ± 12.856
9.165 ± 5.015
3770.809 ± 501.235
262.922 ± 42.311
2294.104 ± 305.812
11.227 ± 2.157
77.882 ± 54.737
333.726 ± 154.432
3299.040 ± 1266.065
4433.846 ± 320.026
400.128 ± 59.637
3241.251 ± 577.243
12.871 ± 2.815
120.305 ± 48.862
523.103 ± 187.963
3519.447 ± 823.497
3982.523 ± 448.204
360.164 ± 41.723
2923.382 ± 219.939
11.129 ± 1.997
121.019 ± 51.993
450.725 ± 152.209
4377.842 ± 265.936
6283.177 ± 1218.743
480.102 ± 39.271
7150.596 ± 1023.724
17.528 ± 3.063
211.177 ± 79.451
858.593 ± 302.665
7150.245 ± 1088.278
515.600 ± 257.692
66.223 ± 13.026
221.754 ± 51.038
4.229 ± 0.416
20.652 ± 13.634
92.754 ± 43.025
2127.441 ± 319.037
2851.629 ± 403.271
211.698 ± 51.249
1170.629 ± 286.566
5.203 ± 0.684
40.944 ± 28.784
309.941 ± 152.227
3164.483 ± 1259.025
1537.691 ± 284.361
120.872 ± 27.313
1735.728 ± 359.244
14.850 ± 1.274
15.229 ± 8.502
257.579 ± 104.429
34.661 ± 26.904
2142.184 ± 430.009
81.553 ± 9.099
1470.534 ± 477.209
4.772 ± 0.619
113.380 ± 73.959
223.329 ± 138.862
34.220 ± 9.266
4348.423 ± 385.206
115.426 ± 17.272
7190.323 ±1301.358
16.819 ± 3.219
125.506 ± 174.097
721.801 ± 302.940
42.688 ± 27.055
501.724 ± 131.049
56.177 ± 16.055
152.718 ± 72.905
5.447 ± 1.441
23.619 ± 13.056
32.743 ± 21.623
7.170 ± 1.426
2585.617 ±494.654
151.628 ± 25.014
2170.356 ± 567.023
7.202 ± 1.723
54.928 ± 24.174
219.506 ± 132.038
2749.279 ± 173.032
3237.605 ± 1020.392
220.827 ± 6.251
1873.529 ± 510.698
8.896 ± 1.529
103.205 ± 75.022
335.858 ± 152.445
33.037 ± 17.994
2945.256 ± 306.004
218.501 ± 26.569
1773.583 ± 490.115
6.711 ±1.204
117.325 ± 37.947
237.891 ± 87.707
26.615 ± 7.777
4847.427 ± 881.220
215.933 ± 30.091
6371.991 ± 1756.093
13.803 ± 3.719
178.533 ± 16.093
681.203 ± 172.902
56.608 ± 12.201
Mineral deposits from the Bor metallogenic zone are known to contain elevated levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and As [42, 43]. The processing of such ores is therefore expected to result in extensive deposition and accumulation of these TEs in aquatic sediments. Our results support this hypothesis. Interestingly, in three out of four seasons the highest LCu, LPb, LZn and LAs were found at site SR. Given the values of physico-chemical properties of water, this seems paradoxical because this site provides the most suitable conditions for aquatic life among investigated sites. TE loadings in sediments accurately reflect pollution history [44], but, as shown in the present study, they may fail to disclose the recent status of aquatic pollution. One plausible explanation for such high TE accumulation in aquatic sediments may be related to the disaffected Roman mines from the Ravna River Basin and the upper course of the Pek River, such as those uncovered at Donja Bela Reka [45].
Among TEs, very high LAs in aquatic sediments are of particular interest because this element is very toxic to living organisms [7]. The background As levels in soil range from 1 to 40 mg kg-1 d.w., with average values around 5 mg kg-1 d.w. [46]. At all sites, LAs greatly exceeded this range, whereas the median level was 50 times higher than the aforementioned value. The outdated technology used for copper production (viz. pyrometallurgy) is regarded as the main source of As pollution in the Bor area [40]. The major problem related to arsenic toxicity is the inorganic As, which is considered 500 times more harmful than the organic form [46]. The Copper Smelter Complex Bor (RTB Bor) alone is estimated to release about 300 t of inorganic As per year [42]. These data highlight the potential risks that non-ferrous metal mining, smelting and processing operations located in the Bor area may pose to aquatic ecosystems within the lower Danube Basin.
Future studies should comprehensively examine the metal bioavailability in aquatic sediments, because this factor is essential for interactions between the abiotic and biotic components of an aquatic ecosystem [2]. A frequent approach assesses metal bioavailability based on the acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and its ratio to simultaneously extracted metals (SEM). The difference of SEM to AVS shows if sufficient sulfides are present in aquatic sediments in order to immobilize and precipitate divalent metals in the form of insoluble sulfides. This way, an excess AVS would reduce metal bioavailability [47]. This method is proposed to be used in our future studies.
Enzymatic activity of sediment bacterial communities
Enzymatic activities of sediment bacterial biota
0.088 ± 0.013
0.175 ± 0.024
1.281 ± 0.124
49.753 ± 2.056
10.254 ± 2.339
6.522 ± 0.528
36.123 ± 2.996
0.732 ± 0.146
44.534 ± 1.383
14.675 ± 1.983
0.786 ± 0.0.054
3.027 ± 0.372
0.686 ± 0.095
47.758 ± 5.096
16.123 ± 0.995
15.532 ± 1.076
32.524 ± 4.729
0.731 ± 0.063
43.509 ± 2.117
16.296 ± 3.526
1.663 ± 0.094
28.125 ± 2.406
0.572 ± 0.858
37.757 ± 3.408
21.615 ± 4.072
0.157 ± 0.043
0.467 ± 0.042
1.196 ± 0.132
61.952 ± 5.097
8.757 ± 1.025
0.013 ±0.002
0.551 ± 0.037
1.377 ±0.241
63.511 ± 8.341
15.625 ± 2.137
1.638 ± 0.274
2.625 ± 0.296
0.224 ± 0.017
59.753 ± 7.524
14.767 ± 2.084
9.529 ± 0.739
22.253 ± 4.231
0.799 ± 0.031
70.758 ± 2.306
16.873 ± 2.096
8.125 ± 0.665
42.232 ± 3.936
0.318 ± 0.026
64.875 ± 2.114
15.256 ± 1.897
0.238 ± 0.026
2.225 ± 0.245
1.420 ± 0.184
41.529 ± 5.051
7.861 ± 1.991
0.209 ± 0.143
0.325 ± 0.038
1.444 ± 0.142
60.541 ± 1.303
14.042 ± 3,482
0.125 ± 0.024
0.148 ± 0.184
1.403 ± 0.293
62.875 ± 8.967
12.419 ± 3.074
5.411 ± 0.793
25.254 ± 3.846
1.658 ± 0.725
58.375 ± 3.006
19.266 ± 0.950
2.375 ± 0.196
14.375 ± 1.497
3.151 ± 0.407
61.231 ± 4.942
11.475 ± 3.041
0.338 ± 0.026
0.338 ± 0.036
0.282 ± 0.045
15.259 ± 2.098
10.648 ± 2.538
0.763 ± 0.065
0.329 ± 0.019
0.275 ± 0.058
13.011 ± 1.795
23.127 ± 3.004
0.156 ± 0.016
0.220 ± 0.021
0.277 ± 0.013
9.352 ± 3.128
11.915 ± 2.041
37.733 ± 0.329
2.663 ± 0.098
0.526 ± 0.071
19.253 ± 0.967
17.858 ± 3.038
12.256 ± 1.285
13.375 ± 2.912
1.662 ± 0.217
12.759 ± 2.445
14.450 ± 1.093
The highest ADA and PDA levels were found for sites S4 and SR, whereas the measured values at sites S1 and S3 frequently varied within the same range. Among investigated locations, site S2 revealed the greatest variation of these enzymatic activities. Because dehydrogenase activity is sensitive to heavy metal pollution [15, 19], such fluctuations of ADA and PDA in aquatic sediments may suggest that this site was exposed to different levels of anthropic pollution throughout the experimental period.
Depending on season, UA level displayed a heterogeneous pattern of spatial variation, but the measured values regularly lied within a small range. Therefore, UA in aquatic sediments appear to be less sensitive to heavy metal pollution than are ADA and PDA. The highest measured values were reported in March 2012, regardless of location. Similar results were obtained in a comparative investigation of soil UA in spring and summer [48]. Negative correlation between sediment/soil temperature and UA level may help explain these results [49].
Although PA exhibited an erratic seasonal variation among sampling sites, the measured values lied within a relatively small range. This, along with the results of previous investigations [15, 18], suggested that PA is likely to be less effective than dehydrogenase activity (i.e., either ADA or PDA) in detecting inorganic pollution in aquatic sediments. CA varied among different sites and season, but its levels were systematically shown to be minimal at site S1. Positive association between pH and CA, as shown in Table 2, may account for the observed pattern of spatial variation for this enzymatic activity.
These results clearly show how difficult it is to classify polluted sites based on assessment of single enzymatic criteria, which reveal such high variations depending on season and location. Consequently, an alternative approach is required to achieve reliable results when using microbial enzymatic activity for biomonitoring pollution status in aquatic sediments.
Interactions between abiotic and enzymatic variables
Canonical loadings for abiotic and enzymatic variables
Abiotic variables
Enzymatic variables
Investigating the response of soil biological activities to soil amendment with Zn, Pb and Cd chlorides, Zn was found to have the highest inhibitory on soil dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, urease, and nitrification potential [50]. These findings may explain our results, i.e., among TEs, LZn exerted the strongest influence on bacterial enzymatic activity (Table 5). Although ADA and CA were significantly correlated with pH, and PA displayed a moderate relationship with LFe, the enzymatic activities were generally independent of abiotic variables (Table 2). Recently, ADA, UA, PDA, CA and PA levels in soil were shown to be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner under laboratory conditions by either Zn, Cd or Pb [15]. However, this linear relationship between microbial enzymatic activities and TE levels in soil/sediments may be difficult to extrapolate to field surveys. The present study showed that inorganic pollution in investigated area affected CA, ADA, and PDA, but much less so UA and PA (Table 5). Such discrepant results were attributed to complex intercorrelations among TEs in sediments and physico-chemical properties of water (as shown in Table 2); and differences in habitat conditions and population structure of sediment bacterial biota. This suggested that in natural environments sediments are key catalysts of water quality and function as heterogeneous systems, wherein various enzymatic activities complexly interact to induce biochemical transformation of anthropic contaminants.
EISQ as bioindicator of environmental pollution in aquatic sediments
Most studies used EISQ either to assess the separate effects of short-term single exposure to heavy metals under laboratory conditions [15, 19], or employed this bioindicator in non-repeated field surveys [20]; therefore, such results may reflect a particular situation at a specific moment in time. The novelty of our study is the systematic approach to EISQ validity as a bioindicator of environmental pollution by performing repeated measurements of this parameter in the same places at different moments in time.
WEC correlated negatively with EISQ (rs = -0.47, p < 0.05), but it was generally independent of abiotic variables (-0.16 < rs < 0.35, p > 0.05). Minimally impacted streams were demonstrated to have lower WEC than highly impacted streams [52]. Therefore, one can expect that EISQ is reversely linked to the degree to which aquatic habitats have been affected by anthropic pollution. Given the lack of correlation between TE concentrations in sediments and EISQ, the total enzymatic activity of sediment bacteria appear to be associated with the current status of aquatic pollution rather than being related to the duration of exposure to inorganic pollutants from aquatic sediments. Such findings may be associated with enhanced bacterial tolerance as a result of long-term exposure to elevated levels of TEs; and with reduction of TE toxicity over time due to geochemical and bacterial transformation [53]. Organic pollutants can also induce EISQ variation in aquatic sediments [20]. However, in the Bor area, this enzymatic bioindicator is mainly associated with inorganic pollution since such compounds are known to regulate the physico-chemical properties of water streams in this region [30, 32].
The environmental impact of inorganic pollution is pronounced in water streams adjacent to
Copper Smelter Complex Bor (RTB Bor, Serbia), with Cu, Zn, Pb, and As being the main determinants of aquatic pollution pattern. Depending on season and site location, catalase activity (CA), potential dehydrogenase activity (PDA), actual dehydrogenase activity (ADA), urease activity (UA), and phosphatase activity (UA) in aquatic sediments displayed different responses to inorganic pollution. A new approach is therefore employed to overcome this impediment by cumulatively assessing the impact of inorganic pollution on these enzymatic activities in bacterial biota. It is shown that the median values of the enzymatic indicator of soil quality (EISQ) correlate negatively with water electrical conductivity, but not with the levels to which trace elements accumulated in aquatic sediments. Moreover, this bioindicator appears to be reversely associated with the distance from the major sources of pollution. In sum, EISQ shows a great potential for assessing the current status of inorganic pollution in aquatic environments.
Sampling sites
Five tapping points have been chosen to collect water and bedded sediment samples in water streams around the city of Bor (Serbia). All sampling sites were located within a 15 km- radius of major sources of pollution, such as Bor, Cerovo, or Krivelj open pits (Figure 1). The first sampling point (S1; location: 44.5368° lat. N, 22.5403° long. E) lies 2.4 km northwest of the city of Bor, in the "Jama Bor" underground mine. A suburban settlement of Bor city is located only 200 m far away from this site, near the wastewater stream originating from the underground mine. The second sampling point (S2; location: 44.1018° lat. N, 22.1548 long. E) is a tributary of the Cerovo River, located northwest, about 12.10 km far away from the city of Bor, and 2.5 km far away from the village of Mali Krivelj. The third sampling point (S3; location: 44.1512° lat. N, 22.1238° long. E) and the fourth sampling point (S4; location: 44.1466° lat. N, 22.1229° long. E) are located near the junction of Bor and Veliki Krivelj rivers: S3 100 m downstream, and S4 50 m upstream, respectively. The river mouth lies about 10.10 km southeast of the city of Bor, and only 3.9 km far away from the village of Slatina. The fifth sampling site (SR; location: 44.4593° lat. N, 22.1385° long. E) is the Ravna Reka River, 9.65 km east of the city of Bor city, and about 2.03 km east of the village of Donja Bela Reka.
Site SR was considered as the reference site because, to our knowledge, the Ravna river Basin was not severely affected by anthropic pollution during the past decades or so [45]. Site S1 was regarded as the most polluted location due to its close location to "Jama Bor" underground mine [26]. Sites S2 was thought to be less polluted than site S1 because the Cerovo open pit mine was reopened only in May 2012 [54]. Despite their close location, sites S3 and S4 were expected to show different levels of pollution as result of different water discharge [26].
Physico-chemical properties of water and TE concentrations in sediments
The physico-chemical parameters of water were measured by using a handheld multimeter WTW pH 340i/SET fitted with specific sensors for each parameter. These measurements were performed on-the-spot by the same researcher for all the investigated sites. Because the physico-chemical properties of water reflect the status of water quality [33, 34], these criteria were used as screening benchmarks for selecting the reference site.
For each site, aquatic sediments were sampled in triplicate from the top layer of the bedded sediments. Samples were collected in sterile bottles to prevent their contamination. During the next day, the deposit was filtered through ash-free filter paper after the sediments settled to the bottom of sampling bottles. For each sample, the total amount of sediment was split in two batches: the first batch was used to measure TE concentrations in sediments, whereas the second batch was used to assess the enzymatic activity in sediment bacterial biota. The corresponding samples were oven dried at 105°C to constant weight, and then weighed by using an analytical balance to the nearest 0.01 mg. The weighing procedure was repeated five times and only the mean value was taken into account.
The sediment samples were calcinated in a muffle furnace, wherein the temperature was gradually increased up to 550°C and maintained constant for 4 hours. The ash was dissolved in 20 mL of 0.5 N HNO3 solution and filtered through ash-free filter paper before analysis [56]. For each sample, the volume was brought to 50 mL with 30 mL of 0.5 N HNO3 solution. The nitric acid (65%, ρ = 1.39 g/cm3) used to prepare digestion solution (HNO3 0.5 N) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland) and was trace metal grade (Suprapur).
To assess Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, As, and Fe concentrations in the filtrate we used flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with an acetylene-nitrous oxide flame (Perkin-Elmer 403 AAS). For each analyzed TE, stock solutions (1000 ± 5 mg kg-1 d.w.) were purchased from May and Baker Group and prepared in three different concentrations for constructing the corresponding calibration curves. All glassware was treated with Pierce solution 20% (v/v), rinsed with cold tap water, treated with 20% (v/v) nitric acid, and then rinsed again with bidistilled water. All blanks and duplicate samples were analyzed during the procedure. NCS Certified Reference Material-DC 85104a and 85105a (China National Analysis Center for Iron&Steel) was separately analyzed for quality assurance. Percentage recoveries for TE analysis varied between 85% and 105%. TE levels in sediments were expressed as milligram per kilogram dry weight (mg kg-1 d.w.). All the measurements were performed by the same researcher in the same conditions for all sampling sites and seasons.
Sediment bacteria enzymatic activity
Fresh sediments were used to assess the influence of inorganic pollution on enzymatic activity of microbial communities within the area of interest. The samples were weighed as described above.
To determine catalase activity (CA), for each sample three grams of sediment were transferred in sterile polyethylene tubes, together with 10 mL phosphate buffer and 2 mL of 3% solution H2O2. Next, they were incubated at room temperature (t = 22°C) for 1 h. The reaction was stopped by adding 10 mL of 4 N H2SO4 solution and 78 mL bidistilled water. The samples were then filtered through ash-free filter paper, and 25 mL filtrate/sample were put in an Erlenmeyer glass flask. After that, 2.5 mL of 4 N H2SO4 solution were added in each Erlenmeyer glass flask. The mixture was titrated with a 0.05 N KMnO4 solution. CA was finally expressed as milligrams H2O2 per gram of sediment [57].
Urease activitity (UA) assesses the rate of urea decomposition in ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). For each sample, five grams of sediment were put in a sterile polyethylene tube containing 2 mL toluene, 5 mL phosphate buffer, and 5 mL of 5% urea solution (CH4ON2). The mixture was incubated at 37°C, for 24 h. The ammonia was extracted with a 2 N potassium chloride (KCl) solution, and determined by spectrophotometric nesslerization at 445 nm; the corresponding calibration curve was created using an ammonium chloride (NH4SO4) solution [56]. UA was expressed as miligrams ammonium ions (NH4+) per 100 grams of sediment.
Phosphatase activity (PA) was estimated based on hydrolytic separation of phenyl phosphate by phosphomonoesterases; the final products are disodic phosphate and phenol. The latter compound reacts with Gibbs reactive (2,6-dibromchinon-chloramide) resulting in a blue precipitate. For each sample, about 2.5 g sediment was put into a test tube containing 10 mL of 0.5% disodic phosphate solution. The mixture was incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Next, 50 mL of ammonium aluminium sulfate, i.e. NH4Al(SO4)2×12H2O, were added to each test tube and the mixture was then filtered through ash-free filter paper. From each test tube, 1 mL filtrate was transferred to an empty test tube, together with 5 mL Borax solution (Na2B4O7 × 10 H20, pH = 9.4). The mixture was brought to a volume of 25 mL with bidistilled water. PA was determined at 597 nm. The calibration curve was constructed by using a 50 μg/mL phenol (C6H5OH) solution. PA was defined as milligrams phenol per 100 grams of sediment [58].
Actual dehydrogenase activity (ADA) and potential dehydrogenase activity (PDA) were determined using colorimetric measurement of 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction to triphenyltetrazolium formazan [59]. The reaction mixture used for determining ADA contained 3 g sediment, 0.5 mL of 3% TTC solution, and 1 mL bidistilled water. In addition, 1 mL of 3% glucose solution was added to prepare the solution required for assessing PDA values. In both cases, the samples were incubated at 37°C, for 48 h. ADA and ADP were detected by measuring absorbance at 485 nm. The calibration curve was obtained with an etalon solution containing 13.44 mg formazan per 50 mL solution. The measured values of ADA were assessed as miligrams formazan per 10 grams of sediment.
where n defines the number of investigated enzymatic activities, Vr the value of each enzymatic activity and Vmax maximal theoretical value of each enzymatic activity [15, 17], i.e., the maximum amount of reaction products obtained from the complete degradation of the corresponding enzymatic substrate.
Statistical analysis
Non-parametric statistic was used for all variables to test for homoscedasticity and significant differences among investigated locations (Levene's test, df = 5,15; Kruskal-Wallis test, df = 5,15). Canonical correlation analysis (df =50) and Spearman's rank correlations (15×60 matrix, df = 58) were conducted for assessing relationships among abiotic and enzymatic variables. Finally, we employed single linkage cluster analysis using the constrained Ward's method (df = 899) to classify the investigated sites depending on physico-chemical properties of water, TE loadings and total enzymatic activity in aquatic sediments. Statistical analyses were performed by using Statistica 10 and Past software package [60, 61]. All data are presented as ( ± SD). A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Trace element
Actual dehydrogenase activity in sediment bacterial communities
Potential dehydrogenase activity in sediment bacterial communities
Urease activity in sediment bacterial communities
Phosphatase activity in sediment bacterial communities
Catalase activity in sediment bacterial communities
Dissolved oxygen in water
- pH:
Activity of the (solvated) hydrogen ions in water
Electrical conductivity of water
- LCu:
Copper levels in aquatic sediments
- LPb:
Lead levels in aquatic sediments
- LZn:
Zinc levels in aquatic sediments
- LNi:
Nickel levels in aquatic sediments
- LCr:
Chromium levels in aquatic sediments
- LAs:
Arsenic levels in aquatic sediments
- LFe:
Iron levels in aquatic sediments
Enzymatic indicator of sediment quality.
The present work was funded through the project "Cross-border network for advanced training and research in environmental protection – RoS-Net, Code 464" Romania-Republic of Serbia IPA Cross-border Cooperation Program. This project is financed by the European Union under the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) and co-financed by the partner states in the program. The authors gratefully thank to M.H.5 for permission to use statistical package Statistica 10 and technical assistance.
Authors' Affiliations
- UNESCO/WHO/UNEP: Water Quality Assessement- A guide to use of biota, sediments, and water in environmental monitoring. 1996, Cambridge: University PressGoogle Scholar
- Bura M: Acvacultură specială. 2002, Timişoara: Ed. Orizonturi UniversitareGoogle Scholar
- Schälchli U: The clogging of coarse gravel river beds by fine sediment. Hydrobiologia. 1992, 235–236 (1): 189-197.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Hejabi AT, Basavarajappa HT, Karbassi AR, Monavari SM: Heavy metal pollution in water and sediments in the Kabini River, Karnataka, India. Environ Monit Assess. 2011, 182 (1–4): 1-13.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Gray JS: Biomagnification in marine systems: the perspective of an ecologist. Mar Pollut Bull. 2002, 45 (1–12): 46-52.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Sharma BK: Environmental Chemistry. 1994, Meerut: Goel Publishing HouseGoogle Scholar
- Newman MC, Clements WH: Ecotoxicology: a comprehensive treatment. 2008, Boca Raton: Taylor and FrancisGoogle Scholar
- Irha N, Slet J, Petersell V: Effect of heavy metals and PAH on soil assessed via dehydrogenase assay. Environ Int. 2003, 28 (8): 779-782. 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00124-1.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Wong KW, Toh BA, Ting YP, Obbard JP: Biodegradation of phenanthrene by the indigenous microbial biomass in a zinc amended soil. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2005, 40 (1): 50-55. 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01623.x.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Magalhães C, Costa J, Teixeira C, Bordalo AA: Impact of trace metals on denitrification in estuarine sediments of the Douro River estuary. Portugal Mar Chem. 2007, 107 (3): 332-341. 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.02.005.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Barajas-Aceves M: Comparison of different microbial biomass and activity measurement methods in metal-contaminated soils. Bioresour Technol. 2005, 96 (12): 1405-1414. 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.09.013.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Grossbard E: Problems of assessing the effect of pollutants on Microbial Activity. Bull Ecol Res Comm. 1973, 17: 457-463.Google Scholar
- Filimon MN: Enzymological studies regarding the presents of the sediments in Bega channel. The Annals of Oradea University, Biology Fascicle. 2007, XIV: 43-46.Google Scholar
- Treitli S, Filimon MN, Petrucean C: Evaluating the pollution from Mures River on Arad-Pecica Sector based on enzymatic activities from sediments (Western Romania). Analele The Annals of Oradea University, Biology Fascicle. 2011, XVIII (1): 71-76.Google Scholar
- Simule CV, Dragan-Bularda M: Effects of zinc, lead and cadmium pollution on the structure and activities of soil bacterial community. Studia Universitatis "Babeş-Bolyai"-Biologia. 2011, LVI (2): 71-81.Google Scholar
- Simule CV: PhD Thesis. Indicator microorganisms of environmental polution. 2011, Babeş-Bolyai: University Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Biology andnd GeologyGoogle Scholar
- Muntean V: Bacterial indicator of mud quality. Contrib Bot. 1995–1996, 33: 73-76.Google Scholar
- Muntean V: Research on enzymes catalysing synthesis and hydrolysis of levans and dextrans in salt lake sediments. Studia Universitatis "Babeş-Bolyai"-Biologia. 1996, 41 (1–2): 205-221.Google Scholar
- Simule CV, Dragan-Bularda M: Assesment of enzymatic activity in contaminated soils from Cluj Country (NW Romania). Studia Universitatis "Babeş-Bolyai"-Biologia. 2009, LIV (2): 87-96.Google Scholar
- Ştef LC, Muntean V, Drăgan-Bularda M: Microbiological research on the Mureş sediments from Ocna Mureş affected by pollution. Contrib Bot. 2004, 2004 (39): 227-232.Google Scholar
- Danube: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube,
- Brankov J, Milijašević D, Milanović A: The assessment of the surface water quality using the water pollution index: a case study of the Timok River (the Danube River Basin), Serbia. Archives of Environmental Protection. 38, 38 (1): 49-61.Google Scholar
- Dragićević S, Novković I, Carević I, Ţivković N, Tošić R: Geohazard assessment in the Eastern Serbia. Forum geografic. Studii şi cercetări de geografie şi protecţia mediului. 2011, 10 (1): 10-19.Google Scholar
- Milijašević D, Milanović A, Brankov J, Radovanović M: Water quality assessment of the Borska Reka River using the WPI (water pollution index) method. Arch Biol Sci Belgrade. 2011, 63 (3): 819-824. 10.2298/ABS1103819M.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Stevanović Z, Antonijević M, Jonović R, Avramović L, Marković R, Bugarin M, Trujić V: Leach-SX-EW copper revalorization from overburden of abandoned copper mine Cerovo, Eastern Serbia. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. 2009, 45B (1): 45-57.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Panias D: Consequences of environmental issues on sustainability of metal industries in europe: the case study of Bor. Metalurgija. 2006, 12 (4): 239-250.Google Scholar
- Simić S: Changes in structure of the phytoplankton in the barje reservoir (Serbia). Kragujevac J Sci. 2004, 26: 53-64.Google Scholar
- Hao OJ, Chen JM, Huang L, Buglass RM: Sulphate-reducing bacteria. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 1996, 26 (2): 155-187. 10.1080/10643389609388489.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Ashraf MA, Maah MJ, Yusoff IB: Study of water quality and heavy metals in soil & water of ex-mining area Bestari Jaya, peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 2011, 10 (03): 7-27.Google Scholar
- Nikolić D, Milošević N, Živković Ž, Mihajlović I, Kovačević R, Petrović N: Multi-criteria analysis of soil pollution by heavy metals in the vicinity of the Copper Smelting Plant in Bor (Serbia). J Serb Chem Soc. 2011, 76 (4): 625-641. 10.2298/JSC100823054N.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Masuda N, Ishiyama D, Shibayama A, Takasaki Y, Kawaraya H, Sato H, Stevanovic ZO, Obradovic L: Study on the mining influenced water and a possibility to extract copper metal from tailings deposition in Bor, Serbia. Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Symposium, Bunbury, Australia. Edited by: McCullough CD, Lund MA, Wyse L. 2012, International Mine Water Association Symposium, 637-642.Google Scholar
- Stuhlberger C: Graduation thesis. Innovative techniques and technologies for contaminated mine waters management and remediation in South Eastern Europe. 2007, Hochschule Weinhenstephan-Triesdorf: University of Applied ScienceGoogle Scholar
- EPA: Drinking water contaminants. http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm#List,
- Definition of water quality parameters. http://fosc.org/WQData/WQParameters.htm,
- Hall T: Evaluating water quality. http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8118.pdf,
- Brian O: Dissovled oxygen in water. http://www.water-research.net/Watershed/dissolvedoxygen.htm,
- Behar S: Testing the waters: chemical and physical vital signs of a river. 1997, Montpolier: River Watch NetworkGoogle Scholar
- Trifunović D: Deadly river turns Eastern Serbia into wasteland. http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/deadly-river-turns-eastern-serbia-into-wasteland,
- Literathy P, Laszlo F: Micropollutants in the Danube river basin. Water Sci Technol. 1999, 40 (10): 17-26. 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00668-X.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Woitke P, Wellmitz J, Helm D, Kube P, Lepom P, Litheraty P: Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in suspended solids and sediments of the river Danube. Chemosphere. 2003, 51: 633-642. 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00217-0.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Milenkovic N, Damjanovic M, Ristic M: Study of heavy metal pollution in sediments from the Iron Gate (Danube River), Serbia and Montenegro. Polish J Environ Stud. 2005, 14 (6): 781-787.Google Scholar
- Kovačević R, Jovašević-Stojanović M, Tasić V, Milošević N, Petrović N, Stanković S, Matić-Besarabić S: Preliminary analysis of levels of arsenic and other metalic elements in PM10 sampled near Copper Smelter Bor (Serbia). Chem Ind Chem Eng Q. 2010, 16 (3): 269-279. 10.2298/CICEQ091225049K.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Pačevski A, Moritz R, Kouzmanov K, Marquardt K, Živković P, Cvetković L: Texture and composition of Pb-bearing pyrite from the Čoka marin polymetallic deposit, Serbia, controlled by nanoscale inclusions. Can Mineral. 2012, 50 (1): 1-20. 10.3749/canmin.50.1.1.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Goldberg ED, Gamble E, Griffin JJ, Koide M: Pollution history of Narragansett Bay as recorded in its sediments. Estuarine Coastal Mar Sci. 1977, 5 (4): 549-558. 10.1016/0302-3524(77)90101-3.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Petković S: The trace of roman metallurgy in eastern Serbia. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. 2009, 45 (2): 187-196. 10.2298/JMMB0902187P.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- WHO: Arsenic and arsenic compounds. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc224.htm#1.4,
- McGeer J, Henningsen G, Lanno R, Fisher N, Sappington K, Drexler J: Issue paper on the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metals. 2004, US Environmental Protection Agency Risk Assessment Forum, http://cfpub2.epa.gov/ncea/raf/recordisplay.cfm?deid=86119,Google Scholar
- Moraghebi F, Matinizadeh M, Khanjani SB, Teimouri M, Afdideh F: Seasonal variation of urease and alkaline phosphatase activity in natural and artificial habitats of hazel. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012, 6 (14): 2714-2720.Google Scholar
- Dormaar JF, Johnston A, Smoliak S: Seasonal changes in carbon content, and dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease activities in mixed prairie and fescue grassland and horizons. J Range Manage. 1984, 37 (1): 31-35. 10.2307/3898819.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Stuczynski TI, McCarty GW, Siebelec G: Response of soil microbiological activities to cadmium, lead, and zinc salt amendments. J Environ Qual. 2003, 32 (4): 1346-1355. 10.2134/jeq2003.1346.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Griffiths RP, Hayasaka SS, McNamara TM, Morita RY: Relative microbial activity and bacterial concentrations in water and sediment samples taken in the Beaufort Sea. Can J Microbiol. 1978, 24 (10): 1217-1226. 10.1139/m78-196.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Wenner DB, Ruhlman M, Eggert S: The importance of specific conductivity for assessing environmentally impacted streams. Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference. Edited by: Hatcher JK. 2003, USA: Institute of Ecology, The University of GeorgiaGoogle Scholar
- Klerks PL: Genetic adaptation to heavy metals in aquatic organisms: a review. Environ Pollut. 1987, 45 (3): 173-205. 10.1016/0269-7491(87)90057-1.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Nica DV, Bura M, Gergen I, Harmanescu M, Bordean D-M: Bioaccumulative and conchological assessment of heavy metal transfer in a soil-plant-snail food chain. Chem Centr J. 2012, 6: 55-10.1186/1752-153X-6-55.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Cerovo copper mine opens near Bor. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-09/rtb-bor-reopens-cerovo-mine-to-increase-copper-production.html,
- Harmanescu M, Alda L, Bordean D, Gogoasa I, Gergen I: Heavy metals health risk for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: BanatCounty, Romania. Chem Cent J. 2011, 5: 64-10.1186/1752-153X-5-64.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Drăgan-Bularda M: Microbiologie generală-Lucrări practice. 2000, Cluj-Napoca: UBBGoogle Scholar
- Krámer M, Erdei G: Primenenie metoda opredeleniia aktivnosti fosfatazî v agrohimiceskih issledovaniiah. Pocivovedenie. 1959, 9: 99-102.Google Scholar
- Casida LE, Klein DA, Santoro T: Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Sci. 1964, 98: 371-376. 10.1097/00010694-196412000-00004.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Statistica 10. http://www.statsoft.com/products/statistica-10-new-features/,
- Hammer R, Harper DAT, Ryan PD: Past: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron. 2001, 4 (1): 9-http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm,Google Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Main Content
- Material: 100% Polyester
- Dedicated padded laptop and tablet compartments
- Measures approximately 8" x 17" x 21"
- Organizational pocket with two hook and loop tech pockets
- Three large compartments
- Soft front zippered pocket for glasses
- Metal badge icon
- 100% Polyester
- Top carry strap
- Zippered pockets on both sides
- Padded shoulder straps with sternum strap
- Inside zippered mesh pocket
- Coated bottom
- Imported
- Brand: Hurley
Other Customers also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
Is Spicewise Farms incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
Contact details
Are these details correct?
Is Spicewise Farms in 37 Ignacio Villamor Street, Davao City Davao Del Sur 8000 your business? Claim your listing and attract more leads by adding more content, photos and other business details.
Small Business Hub
Sharing tips, ideas and advice to help grow your small business.
Create your free Hotfrog business profile
Follow Hotfrog on:
Share on:
Hotfrog Small Business Hub


text:
IEEE staff, volunteers, and members span the globe providing services, holding conferences, and contributing to important developments in technology and engineering. The page highlights IEEE members who are technical experts and can speak to such topics as smart grid, cloud computing, women in engineering, robotics, and engineering education, all of which are featured in top-tier media.
Beware: Most Mobile VPNs Aren't as Safe as They Seem
8 February 2017
Kevin Du, IEEE Senior member, discusses VPNs and their ability to both harm and safeguard products. Kevin Curran, IEEE Senior member, shares his thoughts on quantum computers and encryption strategies.Save
Learn about Bitcon Blockchain and how it works.
|Media Source
|Hot Topic Category
|10 February 2017
|How to become a developer: 7 tips from the pros
Tom Coughlin, IEEE Senior member, and Karen Panetta, IEEE Fellow, share tips on how to become a developer.
|5 February 2017
|If you're hoping to watch all of the Super Bowl in VR, sorry
Todd Richmond, IEEE member, shares his thoughts on the impact of VR on sporting events.
|1 February 2017
|IoT & Big Data
|The five industries leading the IoT revolution
William Webb, IEEE Fellow and CEO of the nonprofit Weightless SIG, offers advice for enterprises and consumer IoT consumers.
|31 January 2017
|U.S. News & World Report
|Which Stocks Will Win the Smart Home Revolution
Tom Coughlin, IEEE Senior member, discusses the connected device market and who will win it.
|27 January 2017
Quantum Computers Versus Hackers, Round One. Fight
|26 January 2017
|U.S. News & World Report
|Here's Why the Tesla Model 3 May Not Debut in 2017
Raj Rajkumar, IEEE Fellow and Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering and CyLab at Carnegie Mellon University, shares his thoughts on sensory technologies for the Tesla 3.
|23 January 2017
|Consumer Electronics
|How to become a Unity developer for VR and AR
Todd Richmond, IEEE member, shares his thoughts on difficulties in VR content development.
|6 January 2017
|The Wall Street Journal – Tech News Briefing
|Consumer Electronics
|New Tech Frontiers at CES 2017 (Audio, 6:37)
Tom Coughlin, IEEE Senior member, provides an in-depth look at technology trends emerging out of CES 2017.
|5 January 2017
|IoT & Big Data
|AI and Chatbots: Where we are and Where we're headed
Kevin Curran, IEEE Senior member and senior lecturer in computer science at Ulster University, discusses the world of chatbots; what to expect of them in 2017, and beyond.
|3 January 2017
|Consumer Electronics
What 4 Experts Expect From This Year's CES
|30 December 2016
|VR and AR at CES 2017
Todd Richmond, IEEE Fellow and Director at the Mixed Reality Lab at the University of Southern California, provides a preview of how VR/AR will impact CES 2017.
|29 December 2016
|The Wall Street Journal – Tech News Briefing
How Computer Science Education Leads Tech Industry (Audio, 7:37)
|16 December 2016
|9 IoT global trends for 2017
William Webb, IEEE Senior member and senior lecturer in computer science at Ulster University and IEEE Fellow and CEO of Weightless SIG, discussed what the biggest trends will be in 2017.
|9 December 2016
|How AI is bringing Hollywood to life
IEEE member George Thiruvathukal shares his views on how AI can bring film to life.
|7 December 2016
|The Seattle Times
|Amazon unveils smart convenience store sans checkouts, cashiers
IEEE Senior member Tom Coughlin shares his views on the Amazon Go "just walk out" technology.
|2 December 2016
|CSO Online
|AI is coming, and will take some jobs, but no need to worry
IEEE member David Molnar discussed the evolving role of the Chief Security Officer (CSO) within business and how AI may impact available infrastructure and security.
|17 November 2016
|The new age of quantum computing
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran shares his thoughts on cryptographic algorithms and the solutions and dangers that quantum computing can bring.
|14 November 2016
|EE Times
|Engineers Power Electricity's Future
IEEE Fellow Damir Novosel shares the importance of electrical engineers on sustaining electrical power grids and advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.
|11 November 2016
|The Wall Street Journal – Tech News Briefing
|Is the Retail World Ready for Virtual Reality? (Audio, 6:52)
IEEE Fellow Todd Richmond discusses new strides being made in VR and how this may impact the retail industry.
|9 November 2016
|SC Magazine
|Vulnerabilities exist but so do safeguards
IEEE member George Thiruvathukal discusses cybersecurity on election day.
|5 November 2016
|Alarm grows as smart home technology and hacking risks proliferate
IEEE Fellow William Webb shared insights on the security vulnerabilities of consumer electronics, IoT devices, and factors that may lead to DDoS attacks.
|3 November 2016
|CSO Online
|How secure are home robots
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran provides insights into outdated operating systems that many robots are running on and the risks associated with robots with webcams.
|3 November 2016
|Robotics 101 at Loyola University
IEEE member George Thiruvathukal shares his background on robotics and the work he's doing at Loyola University to advocate for advanced robotics in schools.
|26 October 2016
|Good Call
|Women Total 48.5% of Carnegie Mellon's 2016 Computer Science Class
Karen Panetta, IEEE Fellow, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Associate Dean for Graduate Education at Tufts University, discusses women in STEM at Carnegie Mellon.
|26 October 2016
|Your smart home could help "bring the internet to its knees," expert says
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran and IEEE member Babak Beheshti discuss the importance of securing IoT devices by raising the security standards of manufacturers, and understanding the "obvious" ways consumers can offset cyberattacks.
|20 October 2016
|Intelligent Transportation Systems
|Level 5 autonomous driving comes to all new Teslas
IEEE member Jeffrey Miller shared expert commentary with technology reporter Hope Reese regarding Tesla's approach to selling the self-driving hardware with the vehicle before implementing all of the software features.
|15 October 2016
Robots Inspiring STEM Education in Schools (audio, 14:57)
|12 September 2016
|Blockchain Is a Game-Changer, But First Needs to Prove Itself
IEEE member Greg Adamson talks about the uses and challenges of blockchain technology in regard to security, its actual worth, the labor force, and more.
|9 September 2016
Does The New iPhone 7 Have Intel Inside? This Evidence Suggests It Does
|6 September 2016
|The Peggy Smedley Show
|Know Your Customers (audio, 14:57)
David Alan Grier, IEEE Fellow and associate professor at George Washington University, talks about optimization and proper deployment of today's technologies as well as automation of our social lives and how factories and manufacturing industries are advancing through automation.
|25 August 2016
|CSO Online
|Experts challenge Skyhigh's patent for cloud-based encryption gateway
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran examines the security landscape of encryption keys hosted on the cloud vs. on premise servers.
|22 August 2016
|What is an Electroadhesive Clutch?
IEEE member Steve Collins discusses the major advances in robotics and examines the benefits in functionality that his electroadhesive clutch and spring can provide for people with injuries or disabilities and the general population.
|15 August 2016
|Tom's IT Pr
|Why VPNs Are Essential for Small Businesses
IEEE Senior member Kevin Du discusses VPNs and their benefits over private networks when used by small businesses that have employees working remotely.
|10 August 2016
|A&D India
|Understanding disruptive technology evolution in the global manufacturing sector (PDF, 464 KB)
N. Viswanatham, IEEE Fellow and INSA Senior Scientist, Computer Science & Automation, Indian Institute of Science, reports on the game-changing happenings in the global manufacturing sector and shares his recommendations on making the Indian manufacturing industry future-ready and globally competitive.
|2 August 2016
|The Peggy Smedley Show
|Intelligent Infrastructure
|Episode 465, Segment 4 - Overhauling the Smart Grid (audio, 13:00)
Massoud Amin, IEEE Fellow and member of the IEEE Control Systems Society, and IEEE Power and Energy Society, talks about the self-healing grid and how it benefits consumers, as well as how it has advanced beyond the current model. He also discusses what goes into its creation and development and the potential broadband implications it carries.
|2 August 2016
|CBS Radio News
|IoT & Big Data
|IoT connectivity and the Summer Games (audio, 1:00)
IEEE Fellow and IEEE Communications Society member William Webb discusses IoT and connectivity at this year's summer games.
|1 August 2016
|U.S. News and World Report
|4 Ways to Invest in Games
IEEE member Todd Richmond discusses what to look for when investing in gaming after Pokémon Go has taken the consumer and business worlds by storm.
|1 August 2016
|Jornal do Comércio
|Perfect storm' explains the worldwide success of Pokémon Go (Portuguese Version)
IEEE member Todd Richmond explains the buzz around Pokémon Go and how this technology can impact the business market. He also discusses the risks.
|16 July 2016
|The Future of Voting Technology (video, 2:56)
IEEE member and member of the IEEE Computer Society George K. Thiruvathukal discusses the future of voting technology in view of the 2016 national political conventions.
|12 July 2016
|The Associated Press
|Pokémon Go's digital popularity is also warping real life
IEEE member Todd Richmond discusses the future of augmented reality with Pokémon Go.
|7 July 2016
|CNN Money
|Now hiring: Women with these degrees
IEEE Fellow and member of the IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, and IEEE Women in Engineering Membership Karen Panetta discusses the pros and cons of being a woman in engineering and what should be done to retain women in a predominantly male workforce.
|5 July 2016
|The Peggy Smedley Show
|IoT & Big Data
|Ransomware Hits Big (audio, 14:59)
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran shares his views on ransomware and how users can protect themselves with stronger passwords, two-step syndications, ad blockers, and constant software updates.
|5 July 2016
|CSO Online
|IoT & Big Data
Is your car secure? Maybe not, but enterprise users can still learn something
|22 June 2016
|The limits of A.I. and chatbots: How not to fail like Microsoft (VB Live)
IEEE Fellow Ron Brachman shares his thoughts, predictions, and best practices for the future of bots and artificial intelligence prior to a VB Live! Panel.
|16 June 2016
|The New York Times
|Intelligent Infrastructure
|Skeptics of Self-Driving Cars Span Generations
IEEE Fellow Raj Rajkumar and IEEE member Jeffrey Miller talk about consumer adoption and trust for self-driving cars.
|16 June 2016
Security implications of online voting
|7 June 2016
|IoT & Big Data
|IoT Security Issues: How to Secure the Network
IEEE member William Webb shares his views on IoT security, noting wireless access points and central servers as main targets for hackers.
|3 June 2016
|Assembly Magazine
|IoT & Big Data
|The Connected Home Is Here
IEEE Fellow William Webb shares insights on today's connected devices, explaining ways for improvement, both technically and through branding.
18 May 2016
|Electronics Maker
|Consumer Electronics
|Consumer Electronics technology is driven by the wants and needs of individuals
IEEE Fellow Stu Lipoff sheds some light on consumer electronics technology and how it impacts smart living.
|6 May 2016
|Robotics and Automation News
|By the numbers: Paul Kostek interview: No one owns the moon (Multimedia)
IEEE member Paul Kostek discusses the issues surrounding the commercialization of space and when we can expect it to be normal to take a flight to space.
|4 May 2016
|Star Wars Day: How close are we to developing the technology from the movies?
IEEE Senior member Paul Kostek and IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran discuss the likelihood of Star Wars technology existing in the real world.
|4 May 2016
|Robotics and Automation Magazine
|An algorithm that makes music on the fly
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran discusses his software invention that composes music on the fly when a mobile phone connection is lost while listening to music.
|22 April 2016
|Candid B2B
|Will Smart Home Technology Change the Way We Live?
IEEE Senior member Arthur Ziviani, IEEE Senior member Yu Yuan, and IEEE Fellow William Webb discuss a number of smart home technologies that will change the way we live.
|12 April 2016
|Bezos Using Amazon as Guide to Bring Rocket Rides to Masses
IEEE member Paul Kostek shares his thoughts on commercial space travel and the future system development of rocket companies looking to increase their launch frequency in the year ahead.
|7 April 2016
|EdTech Digest
|The Impact of AR/VR in the Classroom
IEEE member Todd Richmond explains the impact of AR/VR technology in academia, including how AR/VR can address the concerns of technology costs in the classroom and how human interaction is still critical in the learning experience.
|5 April 2016
|Biometrics: The future of digital security
IEEE member Diogo Monica explains the ineffectiveness of current methods of authentication while discussing alternative biometric solutions and future improvements to be made.
|4 April 2016
|Biometric Authentication: Making mobile devices and apps safer
IEEE member Kevin Curran explains, in depth, the biometric authentication options implemented in mobile devices while addressing the security concerns involved in their increased application.
|April 2016
|Smart Grid - Realty in India
IEEE Senior member Kannan Tinnium discusses how to make smart grids more efficient.
|18 March 2016
|GPS World Magazine
|Location technologies prominently featured at MWC
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran shares his expert thoughts on the beneficial features of connected vehicles.
|17 March 2016
|The Next We
|Scientists can make copies of memories. Here's what that might mean
IEEE member Ted Berger discusses his studies and work on a brain implant to help with memory loss as part of the IEEE Tech for Humanity Series at SXSW 2016.
|14 March 2016
|GPS World Magazine
|Intelligent Transportation Systems
|MWC not an auto show, but gaining importance
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran shares his expert thoughts on vehicle autonomy and ride sharing models of the future.
|9 February 2016
|The Internet Of Things Could Be A Back Door For Ad Fraud
IEEE Senior member Kevin Curran shares his expert thoughts on the latest developments in IoT and the security risks associated.
|17 February 2016
|Third Certainty
|Industry experts weigh in on Obama's cybersecurity blueprint
IEEE member David Brumley shares his expert thoughts on President Barack Obama's new cybersecurity plan.
|11 February 2016
Wave and enter: The wearable tech set to kill the password and PIN for good
|6 February 2016
|Sacramento Bee
|Intelligent Transportation Systems
|Sacramento Bee's transportation reporter puts Google's self-driving car to the test
IEEE member Jeffrey Miller discusses what can be expected when riding in a driverless car for the first time.
|3 February 2016
|Education Week
|The Impact of AR/VR in the Classroom
IEEE member Todd Richmond discusses the impact of AR/VR in schools.
|31 January 2016
|The Daily Dot
|Internet of Things
|Why your favorite apps are designed to addict you
IEEE member and member of the IEEE Young Professionals Devon Ryan discusses how apps are designed to become an integral part of people's lives.
|15 January 2016
Everything You Need to Know About Obama's Autonomous Car Plan
|13 January 2016
|Computer Business Review
|Google readies for VR battle against Occulus & Facebook with new Virtual Reality division
IEEE member Kevin Curran comments on Google's announcement they have set up a VR division to combat Facebook's Occulus Rift. Kevin talks about the future of VR and why Google would like to be involved.
Select the year below to view archived media releases
Learn about IEEE staff operations, the history of IEEE, and the IEEE Awards program.


text:
Sunrise at Monument Valley
I finally got a website together with some of my favorite images. Check it out at: www.whosHuLandscape.com
Join me on facebook too: www.facebook.com/whoshuphotography
We stopped by last winter and spent the night at Monument Valley with the intention of shooting the sunrise. To my surprise, instead of seeing the sunrise come up in front of me, the sun actually came up way off to my right. One of the guides told us that we'd have to be here in June to see the sun rising up in front of us. Since I had no real schedule, I decided to try again.
5D Mark II
24-105mm f/4
15,247 views
42 faves
22 comments
Taken on May 21, 2012


text:
Republicans contend that Perez, head of the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, made a secret, unethical deal with city officials in St. Paul, Minn., to drop a Supreme Court appeal that would have had a potentially adverse effect on discrimination cases in exchange for the Justice Department's agreement to step away from two whistle-blower cases and forfeit upward of $200 million in damages for the federal government.
Rep. Trent FranksTrent FranksGOP rep: Nuke could enter US hidden in marijuana bales A guide to the committees: House Flynn puts FBI director back in spotlight MORE (R-Ariz.) charged that Perez "manipulated rule of law" and used it as leverage to strike the deal that led to St. Paul agreeing to drop the Supreme Court case that "would have put an end to the use of his unjust legal theory."
He added that Perez ignored internal procedures and that justice for those who needed help in St. Paul was "deliberately denied" and it was a "disgrace that HUD [the Department of Housing and Urban Development] and Justice joined in."
Democrats were quick to jump to Perez's defense arguing that the nominee acted professionally, ethically and in the best interests of the United States in relation to the Frederick Newell whistle-blower case.
Rep. Jerrold Nadler (D-N.Y.), a member of the House Judiciary Committee, expressed disappointment that Newell has been "dragged into a partisan fight as part of a shameful smear campaign against Perez."
He said disparate impact is a "critical tool to weed out all forms of discrimination, and it has been used by Democrats and Republicans to root out" those types of infractions.
"At best, it's a policy disagreement, at the worst, partisan politics," he said.
Perez defended use of the theory of disparate impact in housing and other discrimination cases during his testimony before the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee on April 18.
The Senate panel is set to vote at 4 p.m. on Wednesday. Perez is expected to have enough support to get out of committee but faces several other hurdles besides questions over these cases.
House Oversight ranking member Elijah Cummings (D-Md.) said Republican allegations against Perez are "unfounded," and that the problem with the Republicans' theory is "he didn't do anything wrong."
Shelley Slade, a lawyer with Vogel, Slade & Goldstein, who was a witness for the minority, said the outcome of the case reflected the "broader interests of the United States" and the lawyers at Justice acted in a "coordinated fashion" in determining to decline intervening.
"It's not a question of manipulation, it is trying to get to the right result of the government as a whole."
When looking at the Newell case, she said that her firm would not have taken it because there were too many "litigation risks" and "legal problems."
She told lawmakers that there wasn't enough evidence from Newell to deem it a whistle-blower case, and thus it would likely not produce the millions in damages that Republicans say were expected.
Still, Newell and his attorney said they were "encouraged" during initial talks with government officials about their case and "troubled" when the government backed away.
Republicans asked Newell about documents provided by Justice that showed that, early on, officials had determined that St. Paul had made "egregious" mistakes in providing funding for some low- to very-low income housing programs.
Newell said that Justice's decision to not intervene likely led to the dismissal of his case by a federal judge.
Rep. Jim Jordan (R-Ohio), chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs, asked Newell to "hazard a guess" about why Justice declined to take his case.
But Democrats said there was no way for Newell to know why Justice had made the determination.
Jordan said that Justice's assessment started with "egregious" and wound up as "a close call" after Perez flew up to meet with St. Paul officials.
"Shazam, everything changes," he said.
Sen. Charles GrassleyChuck GrassleyGOP senator grilled over DeVos vote during town hall Big Pharma must address high drug prices ObamaCare fix hinges on Medicaid clash in Senate MORE (R-Iowa), who testified at the hearing, said he is concerned that the actions by Perez and Justice will hurt efforts to get whistle-blowers to come forward.
Grassley said Perez circumvented Congress's legislative intent, and that he and Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Patrick LeahyPatrick LeahyDem senator asks for 'top to bottom' review of Syria policy A guide to the committees: Senate Verizon angling to lower price of Yahoo purchase: report MORE (D-Vt.) had amended the law to avoid these types of outcomes when the original source is not available.
He said 33 pages of new documents sent to him by Justice on Monday making the case for intervention could be "construed as a cover up" because career attorneys are making the case to take it.
Meanwhile, Issa is still pushing Perez for more than 1,200 documents, including emails, he argues could violate federal law that doesn't allow government employees to conduct business on personal email.
Cummings said he is willing to work with the chairman on the issue.


text:
The Brother CE-4000 is a digital home sewing machine that has 40 built-in stitches and 5 styles of one-step buttonholes, all selectable from the front panel using the LCD display. It is lightweight at 11 lbs, only 1.3 pounds heavier than the BC-1000 sewing machine and features a built-in storage compartment that can be removed to use the free arm for sewing sleeves and cuffs. All of the stitches are diagrammed on the front which makes it easy to select, although it doesn't have the start/stop and speed controls on the panel so the foot pedal must be used. Common features found in most Brother machines include an automatic bobbin winding system, automatic needle threader with thread cutter, well lit LED work area and a selection of press-on presser feet. With the CE-4000 you get 7 presser feet: buttonhole, zipper, button sewing, overcasting, blind stitch, monogramming and zigzag. Maximum stitches per minute is 850, and a 6-point feed dog system make it possible for traditional free-motion quilting.
Sewing Stitches
- Built-In Decorative Stitches: Yes
- Built-In Buttonhole Styles: 5
- Stitch Width: Up to 7mm
- Utility Stitch Functions: Yes
- Stitch Length: Up to 5mm
Carton Contents
- Accessory Storage: Yes
- Included Accessory Feet: Buttonhole, Overcasting, Monogramming, Zipper, Zigzag, Blind Stitch, Button Sewing
- In The Box: Seam ripper, Needle (3pcs), Twin needle, Cleaning brush, Screwdriver, Extra spool pin, Foot controller, Power cord, Manual
Needle/Thread Feature
- Bobbin Winding System: Horizontal, Automatic
- Quick-Set bobbin
- Automatic Needle Threading System
- Adjustable thread tension for perfect stitches
- Variable needle positions
- Thread cutter button: Yes
- One needle included with twin needle
Machine Features
- Maximum Sewing Speed: 850
- Free Arm
- LCD Control Panel
- Presser foot attachment: Snap-on
- Superior Feed Dog System: 6-point
- Bright work Area
- Dimensions: 16.1" x 6.7" x 11.4"
- Weight: 11 lbs
ResourcesAdd New
Add New Resource
Twitter TagsEdit
Amazon Best Sellers Rank
- PG title: 40-Stitch Computerized Sewing Machine
- Amazon title: Brother Heavy Duty CE4000 LCD Sewing Machine w/Cover & Free Bonus Feet


text:
No, dummies, Obama is NOT a Muslim by Don Hank I regularly receive propaganda pieces from various organizations with assertions representing a very common viewpoint among Neocons, worded essentially as follows: The recent sham and highly dangerous deal with Iran over its nuclear weapons development is proof enough that the president sides with …
Category Archive: Culture
Nov 24
No, Obama is not a Muslim
Nov 18
Even after Paris, Libertarians want open borders
Even after Paris, Libertarians endorse open borders by Don Hank The libertarian think tank Mises Institute just published an article titled ISIS May Be Our Ally Some Day. (My thanks to our friend Peter in the UK for this tip). Expressed in the following sentence from the piece is perhaps the most …
Sep 19
I Can See the Next Holocaust From My House
You probably don't know who Julian Savulescu is, just as your average American off the street in 1910 wouldn't have known who Charles Davenport was. You probably don't know who Alberto Giubilini and Francesca Minerva are, just as your average American in 1920 wouldn't have known who Alfred Hoche and Karl Binding were.
Jul 15
Why the West is deliberately failing
by Don Hank The prophets prophesy falsely, and the priests bear rule by their means; and my people love to have it so… The scientific method, while still used in scientific experiments in the laboratory and clinic, has long been abandoned in the persuasive arts, notably journalism, but also in politics. Any journalist analyzing facts …
Feb 21
Are Muslims God's enforcers?
Yea, all Israel have transgressed thy law, even by departing, that they might not obey thy voice; therefore the curse is poured upon us, and the oath that is written in the law of Moses the servant of God, because we have sinned against Him. Daniel 9:11 by Don Hank In the comments section of …
Jan 14
Conference Calls for Defense of Family through Film and Culture
Anthony Horvath, a contributor at Laigle's Forum, is the Executive Director of Athanatos Christian Ministries which in turn is an apologetics organization with a unique bent: it aims not just to defend the Christian faith through evidence and argumentation, but by influencing the culture through the arts.
Their second annual online apologetics conference has a more narrow emphasis: a defense of Biblical marriage and the family through film, video, and movies. After all, the family is constantly being undermined in our movies and sitcoms. Homosexuality is being normalized right beneath our noses, and with it gay 'marriage.' The defense will have to be mounted not just at the political level, though. We'll have to fight fire with fire. And, as it happens, Christians were never supposed to abandon the arts to secularists, anyway.
Please take the time to check out the conference home page: http://onlineapologeticsconference.com/
Sep 12
The demolition of conscience
Olavo de Carvalho Diário do Comércio, December 21, 2009 Whoever has fully understood my article "Weapons of freedom" must also have realized the conclusion to which it unavoidably leads: a good part of the moralizing effort expended by the "religious Right" in cleansing a corrupt society is useless, since it ends up being readily absorbed …


text:
Sign up for our newsletters
Receive the latest in Footwear, Fashion, Music and Creativity in our newsletters.
Nike Soccer today chose Hong Kong as the location for the unveiling of Manchester City's 2014 away kit. The new Man City away kit harks back to Man City's 1890-91 era (when it was known as Ardwick AFC) with its subtle two-tone design and stealthy black-on-black colorway. The kit is made from recycled polyester and utilizes Nike Dri-FIT technology along with strategically placed ventilation zones to ensure optimum comfort during game play. In terms of design, the kit features a grandfather collar with long placket and gold crest, Swoosh and sponsor's logo. Look for the new kit in action when the Barclay's Premier League kicks off later this year.


text:
Rhinestone Cowgirl Papers
By Sugar Moon Designs
Related Products
More By This Designer
|(0 Total Votes) | Rate It
Please sign in to rate this product! Log In
Product Categories
Product Information
- Type: Paper Pack
- Designer: Sugar Moon Designs
- Download Size: 54.5 MB (approximate)
Design Elements
- Digital Papers: 21
Designer Notes
These papers were inspired by all the women who are cowgirls at heart - tough and full of sparkle and shine! This kit would work wonderfully for vintage photos, cowgirl photos or just girls with a bit of a wild streak! You're going to love the soft worn colors and lots of beautiful textures. This package comes with 20 papers.