text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1996
|Filing date
|Sep 28, 1994
|Priority date
|Mar 11, 1991
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Amitabh Das, Peter J. Lipowicz, W. Randolph Sweeney
|Original Assignee
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (96), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (76), Classifications (8), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation-in-part of commonly assigned patent applications Ser. No. 08/105,346, filed Aug. 10, 1993, now U.S. Pat. NO. 5,479,548, and Ser. No. 08/118,665, filed Sep. 10, 1993, U.S. Pat. No. 5,388,594 the latter in turn being a continuation-in-part of commonly assigned patent application 07/943,504, filed Sep. 11, 1992, U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,214, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/666,926 filed Mar. 11, 1991, now abandoned in favor of filewrapper continuation application Ser. No. 08/012,799, filed Feb. 2, 1993, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to heaters for use, e. g., in an electrical smoking article and more particularly to a platinum coated heater for use, e.g., in an electrical smoking article.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Isolated heaters capable of repeatedly converting amounts of energy commonly found in batteries to relatively high temperatures of, e.g., between approximately 700�-1100� C. in approximately one second, are desirable in many situations. For example, high temperature sensors and heat sources are finding numerous applications. Current heaters can comprise a resistive metal heater layer applied to a ceramic substrate. The laminate heater structures often disbond during repeated extreme thermal pulsings of high temperatures and short duration, thereby limiting their applicability in many situations.
For example, previously known conventional smoking devices deliver flavor and aroma to the user as a result of combustion. A mass of combustible material, primarily tobacco, is oxidized as the result of applied heat with typical combustion temperatures in a conventional cigarette being in excess of 800� C. during puffing. Heat is drawn through an adjacent mass of tobacco by drawing or the mouth end. During this heating, inefficient oxidation of the combustible material takes place and yields various distillation and pyrolysis products. As these products are drawn through the body of the smoking device toward the mouth of the user, they cool and condense to form an aerosol or vapor which gives the consumer the flavor and aroma associated with smoking.
Conventional cigarettes have various perceived drawbacks associated with them. Among them is the production of sidestream smoke during smoldering between puffs, which may be objectionable to some non-smokers. Also, once lit, they must be fully consumed or be discarded. Relighting a conventional cigarette is possible but is usually an unattractive prospect for subjective reasons (flavor, taste, odor) to a discerning smoker.
A prior alternative to the more conventional cigarettes are those in which the combustible material itself does not directly provide the flavorants to the aerosol inhaled by the smoker. In these smoking articles, a combustible heating element, typically carbonaceous in nature, is combusted to heat air as it is drawn over the heating element and through a zone which contains heat-activated elements that release a flavored aerosol. While this type of smoking device produces little or no sidestream smoke, it still generates products of combustion, and once lit it is not adapted to be snuffed for future use in the conventional sense.
In both the more conventional and carbon element heated smoking devices described above combustion takes place during their use. This process naturally gives rise to many by-products as the combusted material breaks down and interacts with the surrounding atmosphere.
Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,093,894; 5,225,498; 5,060,671 and 5,095,921 disclose various heating elements and flavor generating articles which significantly reduce sidestream smoke while permitting the smoker to selectively suspend and reinitiate smoking. However, the cigarette articles disclosed in these patents are not very durable and may degrade, collapse, tear or break from extended or heavy handling. In certain circumstances, these prior cigarette articles may be damaged or damage the cartridge as they are inserted into the electric lighters. Once they are smoked, they are even weaker and may tear or break as they are removed from the lighter.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/118,665, filed Sep. 10, 1993, describes an electrical smoking system including an electrically powered lighter and novel cigarette that is adapted to cooperate with the lighter. The preferred embodiment of the lighter includes a plurality of metallic sinusoidal or serpentine heaters disposed in a configuration that slidingly receives a tobacco rod portion of the cigarette.
These proposed heaters are relatively fragile and are subject to mechanical weakening and possible failure due to stresses induced by inserting and removing the cylindrical tobacco medium and also by adjusting or toying with the inserted cigarette. More significantly, thermal cycling induces thermal stresses and fatigue in the heaters which may result in heater failure. Also, undesirable oxidation of heater material can result from repeated firings.
An electrical smoking article preferably should last between a few months, e.g., six months, to a year or more of normal use defined as equivalent to smoking a pack of more conventional cigarettes per day. Assuming eight puffs per a more conventional cigarette and twenty more conventional cigarettes per pack, the number of thermal pulsings by the heater is significant.
In addition, a heater for a smoking article having a movable tobacco flavor medium such as described in the above-mentioned commonly assigned patent application Ser. No. 08/105,346 requires relatively precise registry, especially if a direct contact between the heater and the tobacco flavor medium is necessary to transfer an adequate amount of heat to the tobacco flavor medium to evolve flavors.
In any heater, e.g., for use in an electrical smoking article, it is desirable to reduce power requirements for a heater to lengthen the useful life between chargings or replacement of the power source.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a heater capable of being repeatedly pulsed to consistently convert electrical energy into a high heat pulse of short duration.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a heater for an electrical smoking article which can be repeatedly pulsed a determined number of times, e.g., for a pack-year.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a heater which does not suffer oxidation degradation after a determined number of repeated pulsings.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a heater which does not experience significant changes in electrical characteristics after a determined number of repeated pulsings.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a heater for an electrical smoking article which generates sufficient heat to evolve flavors from a tobacco flavor medium.
It is another object to reduce power requirements of a heater which generates sufficient heat to evolve flavors from a tobacco flavor medium.
It is further object of the present invention to provide a heater having sufficient mechanical strength, stiffness and smoothness to accomplish repeated insertions, heatings and removals of inserted tobacco flavor medium.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a heater having sufficient mechanical integrity for repeated pulsings.
Additional objects and advantages of the present invention are apparent from the specification and drawings which follow.
The foregoing and additional objects are obtained by a heater according to the present invention for use, e.g., in an electrical smoking article to heat a tobacco flavor medium. A thin film layer of primarily platinum is deposited onto a lapped ceramic substrate and electrical connections are applied to the platinum layer to form a heater. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connections comprise two electrically conductive posts fixed to the ceramic substrate at a first end and electrically contacting the platinum heater layer near this first end. Preferably, the heater layer is subsequently formed of mounds at each post and a thinner region therebetween, resulting in a resistance profile which concentrates heating in the thinner region and reduces undesired heating of the post areas. Such heaters can be employed individually or in conjunction with other similar heaters.
FIG. 1 is an exposed side view of a first embodiment of the heater according to the present invention;
FIG. 2A is an exposed side view of a second embodiment of the heater according to the present invention;
FIG. 2B is an exposed side view of an alternative third embodiment of the present invention having side supports;
FIG. 2C is an exposed side view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a graph showing the general temperature profile along the heater of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3B is the corresponding resistance profile along the heater of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the resistance changes as a function of the number of approximately 2 μm thick increments of platinum film;
FIG. 5A is a graph of the temperature rise of a side of a ceramic substrate opposite a deposited thin film of primarily platinum of a heater according to FIG. 2A; and
FIG. 5B is a graph of the temperature rise of bonded copper posts of a heater according to FIG. 2A.
The present invention provides a heater for use, e.g., in an electrical smoking article which generates heat via electrical resistance to evolve flavors from a tobacco flavor medium. A thin platinum layer, e.g., approximately 1 to 2 μm thick, is deposited onto a lapped ceramic substrate having a roughly matching coefficient of thermal expansion to minimize thermally induced delamination. The ceramic has a determined roughness to affect the electrical resistance and achieve adhesion of the deposited platinum layer. The platinum layer does not experience oxidation degradation or other corrosion during projected life cycles. The formed heater can be employed in any application wherein a repeated heat pulse of the described amount and duration is required, e.g., in other heat source and sensor applications. The heater according to the present invention can be employed in the smoking articles described in Ser. No. 08/105,346. This application describes a cassette-type delivery system wherein a tape comprising tobacco flavor medium is registered with a heater. Preferably, the heater according to the present invention is arranged such that the side of ceramic substrate opposite applied platinum layer is facing the tobacco flavor medium.
A first embodiment of a heater 10 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. A substrate 20 is provided and comprises a ceramic such as alumina, titania, zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia which does not experience oxidation at the operating temperatures from repeated pulsings. Preferably, the ceramic is alumina having an approximately 99% purity, and more preferably a 99.6% purity, available from the Accumet Engineering Corporation of Hudson, Mass. The substrate is dimensioned to provide an adequate surface area for the subsequently added heater layer and electrical contacts. For example, a substrate which is approximately 1.5-2 mm by 12-16 mm provides an adequate area for use in the smoking article of Ser. No. 08/105,346. Its thickness should be at least adequate to provide the required mechanical integrity to support itself and the heater, e.g., approximately 10 mil., but not significantly greater to avoid undesired thermal mass.
A thin film heater layer 30 is deposited on the ceramic substrate 20. Heater layer 30 is preferably a thin platinum film having a thickness of, e.g., approximately 0.4 μm (4000 Å). The heater layer 30 has an active surface area 35 to heat, e.g., tobacco flavor medium (36) in thermal proximity therewith. In one embodiment, an appropriate active surface area is approximately 18 sq. mm to actively heat a similarly sized area of tobacco flavor medium as described in Ser. No. 105,346 to generate aerosols equivalent to a puff of a more conventional cigarette.
The heater layer 30 is deposited onto substrate 20 by any suitable method such as DC magnetron sputter deposition, e.g., using an HRC 150 DC magnetron sputter deposition unit, in argon at 8.0�10-3 Torr. Alternatively, other conventional techniques such as vacuum evaporation, chemical deposition, electroplating and chemical vapor deposition are employed to apply the heater layer 30 to the substrate layer 20.
The surface morphology of the substrate layer 20 is important to accomplish a successful deposition of the heater layer 30. Preferably, the substrate layer is lapped via a conventional serrated knife. Typical lapped alumina has an unpolished surface roughness between approximately 8 to 35 microinches. The substrate is then polished to a surface roughness having an arithmetic average greater than approximately one microinch, and more specifically between approximately one and approximately 100 microinches, and most preferably between approximately 12 and approximately 22 microinches. If the substrate is polished to further reduce surface roughness as in conventional ceramic substrate preparation, i.e., to a surface roughness of 1 microinch or less, an adequate deposition interface will not be formed.
The heater layer 30 and the substrate 20 should have closely matching coefficients of thermal expansion to reduce thermally induced interface stresses and delaminations as the heater layer is pulsed. The heater is heated up to approximately 1000� C. at its hottest area.
The heater layer 30 is coupled to an appropriate power source (not shown). The power source is any appropriate source, such as a DC source, e.g., as described in the parent and related applications. Contacts 40 are provided to electrically connect the heater layer 30 to wires leading to the power source. In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, the contact 40 comprises a gold coated tungsten wire. A preferred wire is a W-wire wool, commercially available from the Teknit Corporation of New Jersey, which is gold coated. Alternatively, the contact 40 comprises copper leads. The contacts 40 can contact the platinum heater layer 20 on or in the heater layer top surface or at any other location so long as an adequate electrical contact is achieved. Another preferred contact configuration achieving the electrical connection as well as mechanical support is discussed below in reference to FIGS. 2A-2C. The electrical current supplied via contacts 40 resistively heats the platinum heater layer 30. Contacts 40 are respectively electrically connected to two mounds of platinum heater layer 20 having active area 35 located therebetween, as discussed in greater detail below. The resistance of the thin platinum layer 30 is affected by the morphology of the underlying substrate 20.
Referring to FIG. 2A, another embodiment is shown employing electrically conductive posts 60 which serve both as electrical contacts and mechanical supports. The contact posts 60 are each preferably connected to the same side of substrate 20, and more specifically the side of the substrate 20 opposite the substrate side in thermal proximity to the article, e.g., tobacco flavor medium, to be heated, prior to deposition of the platinum heater layer 30 and are electrically connected to power source via wires 62. The contact posts 60 can be comprised of any desired material having good electrical conductance such as copper or other copper alloys such as phosphur bronze or Si bronze, and are preferably copper or any alloy having at least approximately 80% copper. The posts 60, or a bonding layer as discussed below, provide a low electrical resistance connection for use with the desired current of, e.g., approximately 5-10 amps. If copper or a copper alloy is not employed for post 60, then preferably an intermediate copper bonding layer is connected by any conventional technique to the end of post 60 to permit bonding between the post 60 and substrate 20 without affecting the electrical path. In addition to possessing adequate electrical conductance, the posts 60 have sufficient mechanical strength to support the substrate/heater layer laminate. The posts 60 further most maintain mechanical integrity during repeated thermal cyclings during the life of the heater. Further, the posts should have a coefficient of thermal expansion and geometric shape to provide adequate resilience to compensate for repeated temperature induced stresses. Since the posts 60 function both as the electrical contacts to platinum layer 30, and specifically mounded regions formed at each post 60 by platinum layer 30B, and as the mechanical support for substrate 20, the number of required components for the present heater is advantageously reduced. Also, parasitic electrical and/or thermal losses to a separate mechanical support element are eliminated. All electrical connections to the heater, e.g., contacts 50, posts 60, intermediate layer (if used), associated wires, etc. should have a resistivity less than that of the platinum heater 30 to prevent or reduce heating of these connections prior to heating of layer 30.
The connection of the post end to substrate 20 is preferably achieved by eutectic bonding wherein a surface of copper is oxidized, the resulting copper oxide surface is contacted with the ceramic, the copper-copper oxide ceramic is heated to melt the copper oxide but not the copper such that the melted copper oxide flows into grain boundaries of the ceramic, and then the copper oxide is reduced back to copper to form a strong bond. This connection can be achieved by a eutectic bonding process used by Brush Wellman Corporation of Newbury Port, Mass.
Next, the platinum heater layer 30 is applied to the ceramic electrical insulator substrate 20. As shown, the heater layer comprises of an initial layer 30A extending across the entire width of substrate 20 and the posts 60 and a contact layer 30B which electrically connects posts 60 to layer 30A. An active heating area 35 is thus defined on the portion of bottom layer 30A which is not covered by the additional contact layer 30B, i.e., which is located between the posts 60 and mounds formed by the additional layer 30B, as a result of, e.g., masking the heating area 35 prior to applying the subsequent mounded layer 30B.
Mounds or thick regions are formed by contact layer 30B around the posts 60 and rise from the substrate surface plane to function as contacts. This grading of the platinum of heater layer 30 such that it is thicker at the posts 60 than at the active portion 35 between the posts 60 results in a step resistance profile as shown in FIG. 3B, which results in the general temperature profile shown in FIG. 3A. The profiled heater layer 30 is alternatively formed by applying an initial layer 30A comprising the active region 35 located between posts 60, masking region 35, and then applying the additional platinum layer 30B to form the mounds in a single step. Alternatively, the layer 30B is formed by multiple layerings. The foregoing description discusses the use of layering steps to form the layers and to profile the layer 30 into a relatively thin active portion 35 and thicker regions or mounds. Alternatively, the mounds can be formed by employing angular deposition techniques to ensure electrical contact between each connector post 60 and an edge of active portion 35. The layers 30A and 30B can be formed during the same step such that no discrete layering is present. Conventional masking techniques are employed in all cases to cover active portion 35 of the initial layer 30A during the described deposition(s). The active heater region is approximately 0.2 to 0.8 μm thick and the mounds are approximately 1.2 to 1.6 μm thick.
Such a resultant temperature profile concentrates or maximizes heat production in the centrally located active portion 35 such that heat is conducted through to an opposite side of the substrate 20, which in turn is in thermal proximity, i.e., in contact with or close enough to, the article such as the tobacco flavor medium to transfer heat to the tobacco flavor medium to generate flavors. In addition, the temperature profile reduces the amount of heat generated by the thicker gradings or mounds of the platinum layer 30B, which in turn reduces potentially damaging-heat diffusion via the posts 60 or wires 62. To further limit heat diffusion and to provide mechanical support, posts 60 in one alternative embodiment are connected to, e.g., terminate in, a thermal insulating support mount located at an end of the posts opposite the end contacting the platinum heating layers and connected to the substrate 20. This insulating support can in turn be connected, e.g., to a housing of an electrical smoking article. Preferably, thermal insulating support comprises PEEK� brand poly(ether)etherketone polymer available from Imperial Chemical Industries of Great Britain or Maylor.
These thicker gradings also prevent substrate 20 and the interconnections between the posts 60 or contacts 40 and the heater layers 30 from heating up excessively and possibly breaking desired electrical and/or mechanical contact. For example, the interconnection temperature is kept below approximately 400� C.
The overall resistance of these platinum heater layers is between, e.g., approximately 0.6 and 1.0 ohm at room temperature for the discussed application. Such a resistance limits the current required and decreases the power delivery, thereby increasing battery life and/or reducing battery capacity and size. In addition, this resistance results in a rapid initial application of power to enhance aerosol generation. The central active area 35 can thus be heated to approximately 900� to 1000� C. while the thickness gradings of the heater layers are heated to, e.g., approximately 200� C. The energy required for such a heater is between approximately 10 to 25 Joules, and more preferably between approximately 16 to 18 Joules. The preferred time to transfer this energy and obtain the desired heating from room temperature is approximately one second. This preferred time begins with an initial sensing of a puff and generation of a heater activation signal. The platinum layer 30 can be patterned onto substrate 20, especially in the region defining active area 35, in various geometric configurations to achieve a desired resistance, e.g. between approximately 1 ohm to approximately 100 ohms for the discussed and other applications.
In FIG. 2A, the posts 60 extend generally perpendicularly from the substrate 20. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2B, the copper posts or fingers 60 are bent into an S-shaped or Z-shape to minimize thermal stresses to these mechanical supports, which can be further attached at an opposite end from substrate 20 to support the substrate/heater laminate. As discussed above, the bent posts 60 provide electrical current via contacts 60 and form mechanical supports for the heater in thermal proximity with the tobacco flavor medium as well as permitting flexibility of the structure for thermally induced stresses. For example, the posts 60, whether straight or bent, would absorb mechanical stress from insertion, removal and adjustment of an article such as tobacco flavor medium since these elements define a bending arm for allow moment bending. The bent posts 60 shown in FIG. 2B absorb mechanical stress via the shown S- or Z-shape which permits the contact force to be transmitted through the shape. As shown, platinum layer 30B overlies an end of post 60 such that this post end is surrounded on an upper side by layer 30B; and on an upper side, two sides and an end face by platinum layers 30A and 30B.
Referring to FIG. 2C, another embodiment of the present invention is shown wherein the posts 60 are attached after platinum layers 30A and 30B are deposited onto substrate 20. Any appropriate technique can be employed so long as good ohmic contact and mechanical connections are attained. For example, the platinum layer is applied as discussed. The copper posts are contacted with the heater layer, and the assembly is heated, e.g. in a tubular furnace to a readout of approximately 1070� C. in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen with a 3 SL/M flow rate. An appropriate heating rate is employed, e.g., 20� C./min. and a dwell time of 6-12 minutes. A furnace cooling rate was used while the nitrogen is flowing until the assembly is approximately room temperature. The foregoing method of fabrication is by way of non-limiting example only. As in the preceding embodiments, the posts 60 should be copper having a relatively high oxygen content, e.g., approximately 10 to 12%. This embodiment offers the advantages of forming a strong mechanical connection between the posts 60 and the ceramic, e.g. 99.6% pure alumina, substrate 20 via the interposed heater layer 30 and of forming a good ohmic connection between the posts 60 and the heater layer 30 for resistance heating. This ohmic connection is achieved without the need for angular deposition or mounding of heater layer 30, although such formations can be employed. It is noted that the layer dimensions in FIG. 2C are exaggerated and that post 60, platinum layers 30A and 30B, and substrate 20 are tightly bonded to one another.
In the configurations depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2A-2C, the surface of the electrically insulating substrate 20 facing, an article such as the tobacco flavor medium is opposite the active portion 35 of heater 10. Heat generated by heater 10 is transferred through the substrate 20 to heat the oppositely located tobacco flavor medium such that flavor containing aerosols are generated. As noted above, the substrate 20 is only required to be thick enough to support the heater and itself, e.g., approximately 10 mil of the noted ceramic, and accordingly heat is transferred though the substrate 20 without significant loss. In addition, the relatively short, e.g., approximately one second, pulse of energy to the heater results in a similarly quick pulse of heat through the substrate 20, further minimizing heat loss. The location of the mechanically supporting and electrically conducting posts on the side of substrate 20 with the heater layer 30 provides an unobstructed opposite side of the substrate 20 for heating. For example, such a configuration is desirable when a web of tobacco flavor medium as in Ser. No. 08/105,346 is successively advanced in thermal registry with this opposite side.
As noted above, heater 30 is preferably comprised of platinum since platinum does not experience high temperature-induced oxidation. High grade purities of platinum, e.g., approximately 99.99% pure, can be employed. In addition to incidental impurities, the platinum can contain up to 10% by weight of rhodium so long as the desired oxidation resistance is maintained.
Although platinum possesses desirable resistance to oxidation, the electrical resistivity of bulk platinum is relatively low at 10.6 μ-ohm-cm. However, the resistance of heater 10 is a function of the film thickness rather than the material composition. The resistance of the heater layer 30 is precisely controlled by adjusting this layer of thickness and/or length of the profiled zone. FIG. 4 graphs the electrical resistance as a function of approximately 0.2 thick platinum layers.
The surface morphology is changed during the first heating following the diffusion bonding and is relatively stabilized thereafter. This morphology change results in a decrease in the resistivity of approximately 50% for the active area 35 and mounds 32. The initial heating is thought to increase the heater film density by melting the film to form relatively lower free energy structures which, upon solidification, form denser films to decrease their surface free energy. The initial heating of, e.g., approximately 900� C., can be done during fabrication, e.g., in an oven, or by the first use of the heater in the smoking article by a consumer or prior to sale.
In addition to desired oxidation resistance and morphology induced electrical resistivity, the thin platinum or platinum based heater layer 30 has an electrical resistance which increases as the temperature of heater layer 30 increases via resistance heating from the power source, which is preferably constant voltage. As a result, more power is drawn during the beginning portion of the heating period than at the end portion, resulting in a desirable self-limiting power consumption feature of the heater layer 30.
The power source provides a pulse of energy to the heater in response to an indication that a puff is being taken on the smoking article, as described more fully in the parent and related applications. For example, a one second pulse of approximately 18 Joules was applied to the embodiment of FIG. 2A, resulting in the side of ceramic substrate 20 facing the tobacco flavor medium, i.e., the side opposite active area 35 of heater 30, being heated to a maximum of approximately 1100� C. The mounds defined by layer 30B, on the other hand, were only heated to approximately 150� C. to 220� C. Referring to FIG. 5A, repeatable rise times of 800 msec were observed from room temperature to approximately 700� C. with 16.2 Joules of input energy during the rise time (note that all times take into account an approximately one second "flat" time in the graphs of FIGS. 5A and 5B). At the end of one second, the temperature of the alumina substrate 30 was approximately 900� C. A maximum of approximately 1100� C. was reached at approximately 1.9 seconds. Such temperatures will generate desired aerosols from tobacco flavor medium. As shown in FIG. 5B, the copper post 60 was heated to approximately 150� C. during this 800 msec rise time and reached a peak temperature of approximately 180� C. after approximately 1.7 seconds. The posts thus stay cool enough to provide mechanical strength to support the heater, e.g., if the heater is supported within a housing of a smoking article. Such a heater has been pulsed at 20 Joules/pulse for over 117,000 pulses, which is the equivalent of approximately 2 pack-years, i.e., a pack a day for a year, for a single heater employed in the apparatus of parent application Ser. No. 08/105,346. No measurable degradation was observed. These temperatures conform to the general temperature profile of FIG. 3B. The platinum film heater layers do not experience oxidation at the described operating temperature or above.
As noted above, the electrical connections to heater layer 30 should be less resistive than platinum to prevent heating of the connections faster than layer 30. Also heat conduction through the contacts should be minimized. As noted, the temperature profile due to shaping layer 30 significantly reduces heat available to the connections. Any combination of contacts can be employed.
A generally planar, flat substrate 20 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A. Since substrate 20 is preferably a ceramic, the substrate can have a variety of geometric forms to increase strength and lessen thermal mass since the heat pulse for resistively heated platinum layer 30 preferably passes through substrate 20 to heat the tobacco flavor medium. For example, substrate 20 is shaped as a U-channel or curved, wherein the curved substrate 20 has a convex surface facing to the tobacco flavor medium and a concave surface bearing the applied platinum layer 30, or visa versa.
Alternatively to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2A-2C, the contact can comprise a pressure contact of a flexible wire-woven metallic contact. The metal is coated, e.g., gold coated, to prevent oxidation degradation and corrosion. The flexible contact has a highly porous structure, e.g., up to approximately 90% porosity, to reduce heat conduction while providing ohmic contact. An appropriate contact mount should be employed to reduce the effects of wire creep, resulting in high contact resistance, and possibly loss of gold encapsulation, as the unit is repeatedly cycled. This flexible contact can take the form of a washer bolted to or otherwise held in contact with the heater layer 30.
In all of the foregoing embodiments, the article, e.g., tobacco flavor medium, is preferably in contact with the side of the ceramic substrate opposite the applied thin film platinum layer. More specifically, all of the electrical and mechanical connections for the heater are located on this opposite side, providing a smooth ceramic interface via the substrate which is in thermal contact with the tobacco flavor medium. In addition, after heating the tobacco flavor medium, it is preferred to pulse the heater again with no new tobacco flavor medium in registration therewith to burn off any burned residue of heated tobacco flavor medium which may be present on the heater surfaces.
Many modifications, substitutions and improvements may be apparent to the skilled artisan without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as described and defined in the foregoing description and following claims.
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|Smoke generating device
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|Nov 11, 1986
|Hans Osterrath
|Cigarette packet with electric lighter
|Feb 10, 1986
|Nov 18, 1986
|Metcal, Inc.
|Heat treatment with an autoregulating heater
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|Rosemount Engineering Company Limited
|Method of producing a resistance element for a resistance thermometer
|Feb 28, 1985
|Jan 20, 1987
|Cangro Industries, Inc.
|Cigarette holder
|Oct 5, 1984
|Apr 21, 1987
|Metcal, Inc.
|Thin, flexible, autoregulating strap heater
|Oct 25, 1984
|Aug 18, 1987
|Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
|Gas sensor with ceramics substrate having surface-carried ceramics particles
|Aug 21, 1986
|Apr 5, 1988
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Dosing device to provide vaporized medicament to the lungs as a fine aerosol
|Jan 7, 1987
|Sep 20, 1988
|Fritz Myer
|Electrically operated simulated cigarette
|Jun 19, 1986
|Oct 11, 1988
|Ab Leo
|Tobacco compositions, method and device for releasing essentially pure nicotine
|Dec 6, 1985
|Nov 15, 1988
|NGK Spark Plug So., Ltd.
|Plate-like alumina heater
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|Feb 21, 1989
|Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method of manufacturing platinum resistance thermometer
|Nov 23, 1987
|Jun 6, 1989
|Creative Environments, Inc.
|Fragrance dispensing apparatus
|Mar 17, 1986
|Jul 11, 1989
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Smoking of regenerated tobacco smoke
|Jan 26, 1988
|Jul 18, 1989
|Ab Leo
|Tobacco compositions, method and device for releasing essentially pure nicotine
|Apr 22, 1987
|Jul 18, 1989
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method for directly bonding ceramic and metal members and laminated body of the same
|Nov 10, 1988
|Aug 29, 1989
|La Telemecanique Electrique
|Method for bonding a copper sheet to a substrate made of an electrically insulating material
|Apr 19, 1988
|Oct 17, 1989
|Tdk Corporation
|PTC heating device
|Jan 12, 1989
|Oct 31, 1989
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Ultrasonic pocket atomizer
|Aug 31, 1988
|Feb 13, 1990
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Platinum temperature sensor
|Sep 8, 1988
|May 8, 1990
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Drug delivery articles utilizing electrical energy
|Jul 14, 1989
|Aug 7, 1990
|Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation
|Simulated smoking device
|Sep 8, 1988
|Aug 14, 1990
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking articles utilizing electrical energy
|Sep 8, 1988
|Aug 14, 1990
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Flavor delivery articles utilizing electrical energy
|Jan 23, 1989
|Aug 28, 1990
|Ngk Insulators, Ltd.
|Ceramic heater having portions connecting heat-generating portion and lead portions
|Jan 27, 1989
|Oct 30, 1990
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Smoking article
|Jul 22, 1988
|Jan 1, 1991
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Thermally releasable flavor source for smoking articles
|Jul 22, 1988
|Feb 12, 1991
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Smoking article
|Dec 8, 1988
|Aug 20, 1991
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Metal carbide heat source
|Dec 1, 1989
|Oct 29, 1991
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Flavor generating article
|Jul 22, 1988
|Dec 31, 1991
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Carbon heat source
|Dec 1, 1989
|Mar 3, 1992
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Electrically-powered linear heating element
|May 14, 1991
|Apr 28, 1992
|Motorola Inc.
|Eutectic bonding of metal to ceramic
|Jul 22, 1988
|Nov 3, 1992
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Smoking article
|Dec 5, 1991
|Jul 6, 1993
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Electrically-powered heating element
|Mar 23, 1993
|Apr 18, 1995
|Philip Morris Incorporated
|Flat ceramic heater having discrete heating zones
|Nov 16, 1983
|Mar 25, 1986
|Jack Gaines
|Soldering iron having improved heat transfer characteristics
|Jun 24, 1987
|Feb 24, 1988
|Health-giving cigarette
|Nov 29, 1986
|Aug 25, 1988
|Zernisch Kg
|Scent container
|Oct 22, 1987
|May 3, 1989
|Zernisch Kg
|Scent dispenser
|Jun 10, 1988
|Jan 22, 1992
|Imperial Tobacco Limited
|Smoking device
|Aug 15, 1989
|Mar 14, 1990
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking articles utilizing electrical energy
|Aug 31, 1989
|Mar 14, 1990
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery articles utilizing electrical energy
|Nov 20, 1990
|Jun 5, 1991
|Philip Morris Products Inc.
|Flavor delivering article
|Nov 20, 1990
|Jul 31, 1991
|Philip Morris Products Inc.
|Electrically-powered linear heating element
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Oct 29, 1985
|May 9, 1986
|Sven Erik Lennart Nilsson
|Tobacco compositions, method and device for releasing essentially pure nicotine
|"PCT Thermistors," Keystone Carbon Company product literature.
|Excerpt from "NASA Tech Briefs," Jul./Aug. 1988, p. 31.
|Excerpt from NASA Tech Briefs, Jul./Aug. 1988, p. 31.
|PCT Thermistors, Keystone Carbon Company product literature.
|U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 07/443,636, filed Nov. 29, 1989.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 10, 1998
|Dec 26, 2000
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking method
|Jun 12, 1998
|Oct 23, 2001
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Molding system using film heaters and/or sensors
|Apr 14, 2000
|Jan 29, 2002
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Molding system using film heaters and/or sensors
|May 7, 2001
|Oct 22, 2002
|Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V.
|Printed circuit boards having at least one metal layer
|Jul 2, 2002
|Jun 10, 2003
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Molding system with integrated film heaters and sensors
|Dec 15, 2000
|Jun 17, 2003
|Trebor International Inc
|Durable, non-reactive, resistive-film heater
|Dec 15, 2000
|Dec 16, 2003
|Trebor International
|Method for adhering a resistive coating to a substrate
|Aug 12, 2002
|Jan 6, 2004
|Trebor International
|Electrical, thin film termination
|Jun 5, 2003
|Jul 20, 2004
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Molding system with integrated film heaters and sensors
|Apr 4, 2001
|Sep 21, 2004
|Koa Corporation
|Low resistance value resistor
|Jun 13, 2002
|Mar 22, 2005
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Apparatus and method for thermomechanically forming an aluminide part of a workpiece
|Jan 14, 2005
|Apr 18, 2006
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Molding apparatus having a film heater
|Apr 14, 2004
|May 9, 2006
|Koa Corporation
|Low resistance value resistor
|Jun 14, 2004
|Jul 4, 2006
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Molding system with integrated film heaters and sensors
|Jul 27, 2004
|Jul 25, 2006
|Trebor International, Inc.
|Fail-safe, resistive-film, immersion heater
|Jan 27, 2005
|Oct 10, 2006
|Philip Morris Usa Inc.
|Apparatus and method for thermomechanically forming an aluminide part of a workpiece
|Jun 19, 2000
|Jul 10, 2007
|Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd.
|Thick film heater apparatus
|May 15, 2010
|Nov 20, 2012
|Nathan Andrew Terry
|Charging case for a personal vaporizing inhaler
|May 15, 2010
|Oct 8, 2013
|Nathan Andrew Terry
|Atomizer-vaporizer for a personal vaporizing inhaler
|May 15, 2010
|Jun 10, 2014
|Nate Terry & Michael Edward Breede
|Activation trigger for a personal vaporizing inhaler
|May 15, 2010
|Jun 24, 2014
|Minusa Holdings Llc
|Personal vaporizing inhaler with internal light source
|Sep 4, 2012
|Nov 11, 2014
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Electronic smoking article comprising one or more microheaters
|Sep 5, 2012
|Dec 16, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Single-use connector and cartridge for a smoking article and related method
|Jan 30, 2013
|Dec 16, 2014
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Wick suitable for use in an electronic smoking article
|Aug 9, 2011
|Jul 14, 2015
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking articles and use thereof for yielding inhalation materials
|May 15, 2010
|Aug 4, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Data logging personal vaporizing inhaler
|Mar 15, 2013
|Dec 29, 2015
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Cartridge for an aerosol delivery device and method for assembling a cartridge for a smoking article
|May 16, 2011
|Feb 16, 2016
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Solderless personal vaporizing inhaler
|Mar 14, 2013
|Mar 8, 2016
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Atomizer for an aerosol delivery device formed from a continuously extending wire and related input, cartridge, and method
|May 22, 2014
|May 31, 2016
|Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc.
|Vaporizer assembly and cartridge
|Mar 15, 2013
|Aug 23, 2016
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Heating control arrangement for an electronic smoking article and associated system and method
|May 9, 2014
|Aug 30, 2016
|Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc.
|Distal end inserted personal vaporizing inhaler cartridge
|Feb 5, 2014
|Sep 27, 2016
|Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc.
|Aerosol delivery device with an illuminated outer surface and related method
|Mar 15, 2013
|Nov 15, 2016
|Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc.
|Heating elements formed from a sheet of a material and inputs and methods for the production of atomizers
|Jun 5, 2003
|Nov 6, 2003
|Harold Godwin
|Molding system with integrated film heaters and sensors
|Jun 13, 2002
|Dec 18, 2003
|Adams John M.
|Apparatus and method for thermomechanically forming an aluminide part of a workpiece
|Apr 14, 2004
|Oct 7, 2004
|Koa Corporation
|Low resistance value resistor
|Jun 14, 2004
|Nov 11, 2004
|Harold Godwin
|Molding system with integrated film heaters and sensors
|Jan 27, 2005
|Jun 16, 2005
|Adams John M.
|Apparatus and method for thermomechanically forming an aluminide part of a workpiece
|Jan 14, 2005
|Jun 16, 2005
|Harold Godwin
|Film heater apparatus and method for molding devices
|Aug 8, 2012
|May 18, 2016
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking articles and use thereof for yielding inhalation materials
|Dec 17, 2013
|Dec 28, 2016
|Philip Morris Products S.a.s.
|Heating assembly for an aerosol generating system
|Aug 8, 2012
|Feb 14, 2013
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking articles and use thereof for yielding inhalation materials
|Mar 27, 2013
|Oct 3, 2013
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Smoking article incorporating a conductive substrate
|Jun 26, 2013
|Jan 3, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Reservoir and heater system for controllable delivery of multiple aerosolizable materials in an electronic smoking article
|Sep 6, 2013
|May 1, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Electronic smoking article comprising one or more microheaters
|Oct 2, 2013
|Apr 17, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|An electronic smoking article and associated method
|Nov 26, 2013
|Jun 12, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Apparatus and method for winding a substantially continuous heating element about a substantially continuous wick
|Jan 17, 2014
|Aug 7, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Wick suitable for use in an electronic smoking article
|Mar 5, 2014
|Sep 12, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Spent cartridge detection method and system for an electronic smoking article
|Mar 19, 2014
|Sep 25, 2014
|British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited
|Heating smokeable material
|Mar 10, 2014
|Sep 25, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Heating control arrangement for an electronic smoking article and associated system and method
|Mar 12, 2014
|Sep 25, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Cartridge and control body of an aerosol delivery device including anti-rotation mechanism and related method
|Mar 10, 2014
|Oct 2, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|An electronic smoking article having a vapor-enhancing apparatus and associated method
|Mar 13, 2014
|Oct 2, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Electronic smoking article with improved storage means
|Mar 13, 2014
|Oct 2, 2014
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Atomizer for an aerosol delivery device and related input, aerosol production assembly, cartridge, and method
|Oct 1, 2014
|Apr 9, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Accessory for an aerosol delivery device and related method and computer program product
|Oct 29, 2014
|May 7, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery device including a positive displacement aerosol delivery mechanism
|Oct 29, 2014
|May 7, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery device including a bubble jet head and related method
|Oct 29, 2014
|May 7, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery device including a pressure-based aerosol delivery mechanism
|Oct 1, 2014
|May 14, 2015
|R.J. Reynolds Tobcco Company
|Mouthpiece for smoking article
|Oct 1, 2014
|May 14, 2015
|R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Mouthpiece for smoking article
|Nov 19, 2014
|May 28, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Reservoir housing for an electronic smoking article
|Jan 12, 2015
|Jul 23, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Electronic smoking article with improved storage of aerosol precursor compositions
|Feb 2, 2015
|Aug 6, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery device comprising multiple outer bodies and related assembly method
|Feb 3, 2015
|Aug 13, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery device with an illuminated outer surface and related method
|Feb 5, 2015
|Aug 13, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|A charging accessory device for an aerosol delivery device and related system, method, apparatus, and computer program product for providing interactive services for aerosol delivery devices
|Feb 13, 2015
|Aug 20, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Method for assembling a cartridge for a smoking article
|Feb 23, 2015
|Sep 3, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Control body for an electronic smoking article
|Feb 23, 2015
|Sep 3, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Atomizer for an aerosol delivery device and related input, aerosol production assembly, cartridge and method
|Mar 11, 2015
|Sep 17, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|An aerosol delivery system and related method, apparatus, and computer program product for providing control information to an aerosol delivery device via a cartridge
|Mar 11, 2015
|Sep 17, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|An aerosol delivery device and related method and computer program product for controlling an aerosol delivery device based on input characteristics
|May 1, 2015
|Nov 5, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Electronic smoking article
|May 19, 2015
|Nov 26, 2015
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Electrically-powered aerosol delivery system
|Aug 11, 2015
|Feb 25, 2016
|R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
|Aerosol delivery device including a moveable cartridge and related assembly method
|May 18, 2016
|Nov 24, 2016
|Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc.
|Method for assembling a cartridge for a smoking article, and associated system and apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|219/543, 131/273, 128/202.21, 338/309, 219/553
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 14, 1994
Owner name: PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DAS, AMITABH;LIPOWICZ, PETER J.;SWEENEY, W. RANDOLPH;REEL/FRAME:007228/0796
Effective date: 19940926
Owner name: PHILIP MORRIS PRODUCTS INC., VIRGINIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DAS, AMITABH;LIPOWICZ, PETER J.;SWEENEY, W. RANDOLPH;REEL/FRAME:007228/0796
Effective date: 19940926
|Apr 27, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 19, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|May 19, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 12, 2008
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 30, 2008
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20081112


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On February 1, 2013, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin sentenced Arvind Ahuja, a Milwaukee neurosurgeon, to serve three years of probation and to pay a fine of $350,000 following his conviction by a federal jury of one felony count of willful failure to file a Report of Foreign Bank Account ("FBAR") and one felony count of filing a false federal income tax return.
According to the evidence presented at Ahuja's August 2012 trial, Ahuja transferred millions of dollars from bank accounts in the United States to undeclared bank accounts located in India at HSBC bank. Ahuja invested the funds in these accounts in certificates of deposit, which earned more than $2.7 million in interest income during the years 2005 through 2009. Ahuja also maintained an HSBC bank account in the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency located in the Channel Islands off the coast of Normandy, France. Ahuja used credit and debit cards linked to this account to pay personal expenses while on trips to London. Ahuja managed his offshore accounts with the assistance of bankers who worked at an HSBC India representative office in New York.
Ahuja's sentencing is only the latest in a string of tax-enforcement news that affects Americans with undeclared offshore bank accounts generally and Indian Americans with unreported non-resident Indian or "NRI" bank accounts specifically. Banks with operations in India offer high interest rates on NRI accounts, usually 9-10%. Unsuspecting account holders may not realize that although the interest income from NRI accounts is typically not taxable in India, it is taxable in the U.S. In addition to reporting the interest income and the existence of the account on a U.S. tax return, the account holder must separately disclose the foreign account by filing a FBAR.
In December 2010, Vaibhav Dahake of New Jersey pleaded guilty to conspiring to defraud the United States. Sanjay Sethi, also of New Jersey, pleaded guilty on January 7, 2013 to the same charge. Californian Ashvin Desai faces trial on July 23, 2013 for tax evasion, aiding in the preparation of false tax returns, and willful failure to file FBARs. All of these Indian Americans are alleged to have maintained undeclared accounts at HSBC India.
According to a court filing by the U.S. Department of Justice, there are 9,000 U.S. residents of Indian origin who have $100,000-minimum-balance accounts at HSBC India alone. Undoubtedly, there are many more whose account balances total less than $100,000. According to the DOJ, however, for calendar year 2009, the most recent year for which information is available, there were only 1,391 FBARs filed disclosing 1,921 accounts at HSBC India.
On April 7, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granted the IRS and DOJ's request for a "John Doe summons" to force HSBC India to turn over the names of U.S. taxpayers "who at any time during the years ended December 31, 2002 through December 31, 2010, directly or indirectly had interests in or signature or other authority (including authority to withdraw funds; trade or give instructions or receive account statements, confirmations, or other information, advice or solicitations) with respect to any financial accounts maintained at, monitored by, or managed through The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited in India (HSBC India)."
For more information on the government's offshore enforcement efforts, FBAR penalties, and the IRS's Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (OVDP), please contact Jim Mastracchio at (202) 861-1650 (firstname.lastname@example.com), Baker & Hostetler LLP, 1050 Connecticut Ave., Washington, DC 20036 (www.bakerlaw.com).
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© BakerHostetler
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musgravegroup.com | Retailer Zone
Centra NI
We've partnered with Tourism Northern Ireland to give you the chance to nominate your Romantic Top Spots across Northern Ireland. You can win Hastings Hotel vouchers just for nominating.
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News By Tag
* TwinSpirit
* Album Release
* My Beautiful Ugly
* Soul
* Atlanta
* Paris
* London
* GetNakkedOnline
* More Tags...
Industry News
News By Location
Industry News
TWINSPIRIT Releases New Album - "MY BEAUTIFUL UGLY" -Aural Stimulation for the Heart, Mind, & Soul
Hypnotic Jazzy Soul with a Kick Ass Punch. TwinSpirit's Hot New Album 'My Beautiful Ugly' is part of a movement. A-SELF LOVE MOVEMENT...So Get Naked-Peel back the layers. Reveal, Embrace, & Love Yourself.
Executive Produced by TwinSpirit , Co-Produced by Donovan "Groov' Henderson (Tony Lindsey (Carlos Santana), Tasha LaRae (Arrested Development)
TwinSpirit's goal with the release of 'My Beautiful Ugly' is to "inspire" others to Self-Discover by sharing via song the journeys of others who have decided to be courageous enough to say "YES" to their Dreams, Desires, Intuitions, Feelings, Hopes, Creative Energy, and Passions...in essence their SPIRITS. Those who have decided to say "YES" to living the reality they were born to live, who have decided to take the road less traveled, and live a life of Purpose on Purpose.
In support of My Beautiful Ugly, TwinSpirit and GetNakkedOnline have a very special treat for their fans. When a fan purchases the album from CDbaby.com, they are automatically entered to win an exclusive performance from TwinSpirit at the winner's home. TwinSpirit will deliver her new album to the lucky winner's house and play a private concert for the winner and the winner's close friends. Fans can also join The Get Nakked Online: Self Love Movement here to gain access to exclusive song downloads & behind the scene footage from the My Beautiful Ugly Tour courtesy of TwinSpirit and GetNakkedOnline.com.
TwinSpirit backed by the soul stirring sounds of the multitalented band of musicians GroovProject (Donovan 'Groov' Henderson, Drums; John Edwards, Keyboard; Cedric Brown, Bass; and Sean McMorris, Guitar) has painted colorful musical landscapes with lush vocals that are so deeply hypnotic they penetrate to the core of the soul of the listener. Her live performances are so honest and real that many have called it "a spiritual experience". TwinSpirit has captivated audiences all over the UK and Paris and with the unleashing of the smash single "Rules & Regulations,"
TwinSpirit has shared the stage with artists such as: N'Dambi, The O'Jays, Geno Young, China Black, Avery Sunshine, Stacy Epps, Tonya Dyson, Joi Gilliam and many others. She kicked off her first tour in over three years this summer to the delight of her die-hard fans and the inevitable new ones that have and will come along as a result of this new masterpiece. Tour dates are scheduled through December 2011, so look for TwinSpirit at a venue near you.
Check out TwinSpirit at http://www.twinspiritsworld.com and pick up "My Beautiful Ugly" online at http://www.CDBaby.com/
MY BEAUTIFUL UGLY - Track Listings:
1. The Mind of Me
2. Caught Up
3. Rules & Regulations
4. Enough
6. The Movement
7. Get Myself Together
8. I Got You
9. The Message
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Continental and Illuminations
The Continental Department at Maggs specialises in books, manuscripts and illuminations from across Europe. We continue to produce at least one full colour catalogue each year.
The Department's books are from the earliest years of printing - in the second half of the 15th century - up until the beginning of the 19th. We are experts in books printed in France, Germany, Italy, the Low Countries and Switzerland but also try to find books from the Iberian peninsular, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.
FIRENZUOLA (Agnolo). I lucidi. Florence, 1552. [Bound with]:DOLCE (Lodovico). Il ragazzo. Venice, Francesco detto lo Imperador, 1559. [And]: PINO DA CAGLI (Bernardino). Gli ingiusti sdgeni. Venice, Domenico Farri, 1563. [And]: SECCHI (Nicolo). L'interesse comedia . . . nuovamente posta in luce. Venice, Francesco ZilettiEnquire
Printer's device on each title-page, and at end of the works by Firenzuola and Pino da Cagli.4 works in one volume. Sm. 8vo. 18th century calf backed pink boards, morocco label.
NICCOLO Antonio diThe Fool Feasting, historiated initial on a vellum leaf from a Choir Psalter, in Latin [Italy (Florence), c.1480-1500]Enquire
£9750.00Size: 540x390mm, with a large initial 'D' and a full border for Psalm 52 'Dixit insipiens …', the first psalm sung at Matins on Wednesdays, 15 lines, 380x240mm, medieval or early modern foliation '69' in red ink, the verso with an illuminated foliage initial to Psalm 53, some smudging, including head of the Fool, and with some flaking of gold and pigments, in some areas the leaf with a somewhat bobbled texture due to having previously been stuck to its mount.
CAMERARIUS Joachim (1605)
Symbolorum et emblematum centuriae tres. I. Ex herbis & stirpibus. II. Ex animalibus quadrupedibus. III. Ex volatilibus & insectis. Editio secunda, auctior & accuratior. Accessit noviter centuria IV. Ex aquatilibus & reptilibus. Cum figuris aeneis. Nuremberg, typis Voegelinianis,Enquire
Four engraved title-pages (the first of them monogrammed "H S"), 400 circular engraved illustrations of plants and trees, animals, birds and insects, and fish.
4to (202 x 152mm). 4 parts in one vol. Contemporary reversed calf (headcap and corners worn, some tears and marks to covers).
AVANZI (Gio. Maria). Il satiro. Venice, Gio. Batt. Sessa & fratelli, 1587. [Bound with]: VIDA (Gieronimo). Filliria favola boscareccia. Venice, heirs of Marchio Sessa, 1587. [with]: LOMBARDI (Bernardino). L'alchimista. Venice, heirs of Marchio Sessa, 1586. [and]: BORGHINI (Raffaelo). La donna costante. Heirs of Marchio SessaEnquire
Cat device of the Sessa printing family on each title-page.4 works in one. 12mo. 19th century sprinkled German boards, label of the Counts of Schönborn pasted on front cover.
CADEAUX (LES) DE NOËL suivi de Moustache ou l'enfant vole, Main ouverte, Coeur d'or; Le petit turbulent Par Mme C.G. Nouvelle éditionEnquire
12mo (140 x 80mm. ) 142, [2]p., coloured frontispiece, original decorated cloth with central picture on upper cover, edges gilt, top edges with bevelled indent for a band, spine skilfully repaired.
Tours: A. Mame et fils,
RÜMKER Christian Karl Ludwig (1844-62)
CORRESPONDENCE OF CHRISTIAN KARL LUDWIG RÜMKER (1788-1862) & JOHN LEE (1783-1866) WITH SOME CORRESPONDENCE 1844-62 LETTERS FROM GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH RÜMKER (1832-1900)Enquire
A collection of 90 letters with some astronomical calculations, mostly relating to astronomical observations from Hamburg, with some from Lisbon (whither he went in March 1857 for health reasons), but with one document relating to the sale of lands at Picton in Australia (dated September 1844), between Karl Rümker and the English gentleman and amateur astronomer John Lee of Hartwell, Buckinghamshire, mostly addressed to him in London at Doctors' Commons. Some of the letters are clearly copies There is one letter from Rümker's wife written after his death (21 December 1862, detailing the circumstances of his demise in Lisbon. The letters (13) from George Rümker, illegitimate son of CKL Rümker date from between 1848 and 1854 and are written from the Observatories at Durham and Oxford. The letters are all endorsed in a small neat hand (Lee's) with details of sender and date etc. The letters whilst of technical interest also have much else to interest, such complaints about the exorbitant charges of the bookseller Asher in Berlin for sending books, accounts of the breaking of Rümker's telescope in Lisbon, and so on. There is also a copy of 'Articles of agreement …13 september 1844 between Charles Louis Rümker of Hamburg the Vendor of the first part, Adolphus William Young of Sydney… and William Lumsdaine of Sydney the purchaser of the third part' concerning the sale of land and dwelling at Picton, Australia. One of the letters refers to the 'equatorial telescope' at Hartwell House. The family papers of Lee are in the British Library (Add. MSS. 47490-93), together with a number of items from the Lee collections (including one Arabic manuscript), but there are also papers in the Bodleian, and in other institutions from Canada to Australia. There are also 2 other items, one printed (a pastoral letter dated 1849 from Thomas Darling addressed to the parishioners of St. Michael Paternoster & St Martin Vintry), and the other the passport dated 5 November 1864 of Mr. Reuben Townroe 'going to France, Italy and Austria on the Public Service.' Reuben Townroe (1835-1911) was born in Sheffield He worked as an assistant to Godfrey Sykes on the architectural decorations for the South Kensington Museum (V&A) and completed these after the latter's death in 1866. In later years he worked as a modeller of brickwork and a draughtsman.
[PICCOLOMINI, Alessandro]L'Hortensio, comedia. Venice: heirs of B. Rubini, 1586 ff. 82[2(blank)]. [Bound with]: COSMIO (Filotero). Clarice comedia . . . novamente stampata, e posta in luce. Venice: Domenico Imberti, 1600 ff. 75 [=96], erratic foliation [With]: GROTO ((Luigi). Il thesoro comedia nova . . . nuovamente stampata. Venice: F. & A. Zoppini, 1586, ff. 81 [3 (last 2 leaves blank)] [With]: GROTO (Luigi). La Emilia comedia nova. Venice, F. & A. Zoppini, 1586 ff. 77[1 (blank)], [With]:PARABOSCO (Girolamo). Il Marinaio. Venice, heirs of B. Rubini, 1586, ff.41, [1(blank, here cancelled)] [With]:DOLCE (Lodovico). Il marito. Venice, heirs of B. Rubini, 1586, ff. 24. [And]: DOLCE (Lodovico). Il ruffiano . . . tratta dal Rudente di Plauto. Venice, heirs of B. Rubini, 1587, ff. 48Enquire
7 works in one volume. 12mo. Contemporary limp vellum, book label of the Counts of Schönborn pasted on front cover, with ms. number 2894, lacking ties
PLATT Thomas Pell (1823)
A catalogue of the Ethiopic manuscripts in the Royal library of ParisEnquire
and in the library of the British and Foreign Bible Society, etc.
4to [4], 84, [2], text in Ethiopic & English types, last leaf with errata, folding frontispice, original boards
London: R. Watts. Sold by Treuttel, Würtz, and Co., [and others]
A illuminated leaf on vellum from a Missal [Rouen, c. 1425-1450]Enquire
Fine 4-line initial in gold and colours with white tracery, three further 2-line initials, gold bar border, fine ivy-leaf border on three sides.
Size of leaf: 325 x 225mm. 26 lines, double columns. Foliated in blue and gold at head 'xxxiiii.' and in blue within gold rectangle in outer margin. Pricking visible.
A illuminated leaf on vellum from an illuminated Missal [Rouen, c. 1425-1450]Enquire
Fine 4-line initial in gold and colours with white tracery, three further 2-line initials, gold bar border, fine ivy-leaf border on three sides.
Size of leaf: 325 x 225mm. 26 lines, double columns. Foliated in blue and gold 'l.xix.' at head and in outer margin in blue within gold rectangle. Pricking visible.
RONCHI Marco Aurelio (1611)
Ad . . . Cosimum II Magnum Etruriae ducem quartum epitreptica oratioEnquire
4to (203 x 150mm.) 14, [2]pp., last leaf blank, woodcut Medici arms on title-page, large woodcut initial and tail-piece, head-piece of typographical fleurons, modern wrappers
Rome: B. Zanetti,
Almanach dedié aux Dames pour l'an 1826. Paris, de l'Imprimerie de Jules Didot ainéEnquire
Engraved title-page and 6 engraved plates along with the engraved "souvenir" which includes twelve vignettes and space for notes for each month of the year. 12mo. 73 x 112mm. pp. xxvi, 152, xii. With browning and spotting throughout, in contemporary purple cloth boards with decorative gilt borders and spine, slightly bumped, with gilt edges and matching slip case which is sunned and bumped with cloth coming away a little at the sides. Otherwise very good.
An illuminated leaf on vellum from an English Psalter. [Southern England, first half 15th century]Enquire
Large 7-line initial 'D' in very fine leafy design in blue and pink and orange with white tracery on burnished gold grounds supporting bar borders in gold and colours with clumps and whorls of coloured leaves at intervals and at each corner; 1-line initials in blue or burnished gold, line-fillers in gold and colours.
Size of leaf: 272 x 182mm. 22 lines, written space: 187 x 117mm. Written in dark brown ink in a large compressed gothic liturgical hand.
An illuminated leaf on vellum from an English Psalter. [Southern England, first half 15th century]Enquire
Large 7-line initial 'E' in very fine leafy design in blue and pink and orange with white tracery on burnished gold grounds supporting bar borders in gold and colours with clumps and whorls of coloured leaves at intervals and at each corner; 1-line initials in blue or burnished gold, line-fillers in gold and colours.
Size of leaf: 272 x 182mm. 22 lines, written space: 187 x 117mm. Written in dark brown ink in a large compressed gothic liturgical hand.
WITEKIND, monk of Corbie fl. 966 (1599)
Annales . . . editi de fide codicis manuscripti, & e publicato exemplari alicubi aucti . . . studio & opera Reineri Reineccii Steinhemii. Frankfurt, ex typographica And. WecheliEnquire
Woodcut printer's device on title, ornamental woodcut initials, ornamental head-piece. Sm. folio. [4]ff. 71pp. Boards.
BOUCHER Jean (1595)
Apologie pour Jean Chastel Parisien, executé à mort, et pour les pères & escholliers, de la Societé de Iesus, bannis du royaume de France: contre l'arrest de parlement, donné contre eux a Paris, le 29 Decembre, 1594 . . . par François de Verone ConstantinEnquire
8vo (143 x 93mm.) [6]ff. 243 [i.e. 253]pp. [1]f. 18th-century French binding of olive morocco, flat spine gilt, last leaf somewhat soiled
SALVIANI, Ippolito (1554)
Aquatilium animalium historiae, liber primus. Rome, Hippolyto Salviano, (colophon: January 1558)Enquire
Fine engraved architectural title-page incorporating a portrait of the author and the arms of his patron Marcello Cervini, 98 engravings (numbered 1-53, 55-99; number 54 omitted in all copies) of fish and marine animals on 81 full-page plates, printer's device on final leaf.Large folio. (430 x 280mm.). [8], 256ff. 17th century vellum over pasteboards (spine heavily worn, cracked at joints and defective, corners frayed).
CHYTRAEUS, David (1584)
Articulorum symboli apostolici de filio dei domino nostro Iesu Christi... Explicatio ex praelectionibus Davidis Chytraei collecta, & edita a Ioanne Fredero. Wittenberg, excusa per haeredes Ioan. Cratonis, 1584. [Bound with:] De baptismo et eucharistia, ex praelectionibus Davidis Chytraei excepta. Wittenberg, edita per Zachariam LemanumEnquire
Some greek and hebrew letter, woodcut intials and ornaments in both works.8vo. (163 x 102mm). [1]f. 343pp.; [1]f. 1-156pp. [2]ff. (blank). [1]f. 157-534pp. [4]ff. (last 3 blank). Contemporary vellum, spine gilt ruled in compartments, central gilt floral stamp in each, ink titles at head of spine.
VICO Enea ((1619))
Augustarum imagines . . . Paris, apud Macaeum Ruette, 1619. [Bound with:] Ex libris XXIII commentariorum in vetera imperatorum romanorum numismata. Paris, [n.p.], 1619. Discorso sopra le medaglie de gli antichi. Paris, appresso Maceo RuetteEnquire
I: Fine engraved title-page and 63 full-page engraved plates, woodcut coins in text. II: Fine engraved title-page, full-page plate incorporating bust of Julius Caesar and 8 full-page plates of coins.3 works in one vol. 4to. [8]ff. 192pp. [2]ff. ; 130pp. [6]ff.; 112pp. [8]ff. 18th century half-calf, marbled boards, flat spine with labels lettered in gilt.
GARGIARIA Battista (1569?])
Aureum caelimundium, seu liber de caelo et mundoEnquire
Aurea descriptio mundialis... aedita annis ab octuagesima constitutione mundi, quinque millibus, & septingentis nonagintaseptem [5797], regnante eodem domino.
folio (260 x 200mm). XXX, [4], XXX1-XLIIII, [2], Bologna device with motto 'libertas non bene pro toto venditur auro' on title-page, penultimate leaf with errata (recto) and 'peroratio', last leaf blank, 20 8-line woodcut initials, antique style calf-backed marbled boards, red morocco label
CESARINI Alessandrol Cardinal, d. 1542
Autograph letter signed by Cardinal CesariniEnquire
Document on paper (298 x 216mm.). Two folded pages; letter on first page, 13 lines, written in an italic hand. On the final side the letter is addressed: "Al . . . Car. de Carpi legato della marcha".Dated Rome, 29 April 1540.
SABATIER DE CASTRES Antoine, l'abbe (1769)
Betsi, ou les bisarreries du destin. Amsterdam & Paris, chez Arksté & Merkus, chez de Hansy le jeuneEnquire
2 vols in one. xii, 254pp. [1]f. (blank); [2]ff. 266pp. Contemporary marbled calf, spine gilt in compartments, red morocco label (spine defective at head, rubbed).
PANIGAROLA, Francesco Bp. of Asti (1597)
Cento ragionamenti sopra la passione di N. Signore. Venice, Pietro DusinelliEnquire
Printer's device on title-page, ornamental woodcut initials.8vo. (165 x 110). [24]ff. "684" [i.e. 704]pp. Contemporary decorative limp vellum binding, very large decorative ornament in centre of sides, decorative corner-pieces, 2-line gilt fillet, name of author written across spine (two tiny pieces of vellum missing from front cover, slight wear to tope edge of lower cover).
BARING Daniel Everard (1737)
Clavis diplomatica, tradens specimina veterum scripturarum, nimirum alphabeta varia, compendia scribendi medii aevi, notariorum veterum signa nonnulla curiosa, una cum alphabeto instrumenti et abbreviaturis, singula tabulis aeneis exhibita. Hanover, heirs of N. ForsterEnquire
Engraved arms on title-page of George II of England (the dedicatee), 32 engraved plates (one folding) showing ancient scripts, woodcut figures (alphabets), head- and tail-pieces. 4to. [3]ff. 112pp. [1]f. 80pp. [1]f. Contemporary vellum.
CAMERS Joannes (1557)
Commentaria in C. Iulii Solini polyhistora. Lucii Flori de Romanorum rebus gestis, libros . . . praeterea Pomponii Melae de orbis situ libri tres, cum commentariis Ioachimi Vadiani. Basle, Henricus PetriEnquire
Woodcut coat-of-arms of Vadian on p. 222 of second part, small ornamental woodcut initials, printer's device at end.2 parts in one. Folio. [24]ff. "478" [i.e. 476]pp. [16]ff. "297" [i.e. 299]pp. Contemporary limp vellum.
CAPELLA Galeazzo Flavio (1539)
Commentarii . . . delle cose fatte per la restitutione di Francesco Sforza Secondo Duca di Milano. Tradotte di Latino in lingua Toscana per M. Francesco Philipopoli Fiorentino. Venice, apud Ioannem Giolitum de FerrariisEnquire
Woodcut Giolito device on title-page and verso of otherwise blank last leaf, fine historiated initials.4to. [4]ff. LXXXVI [2] ff. 19th century half-vellum over boards, red morocco label.
BUDE Guillaume (1548)
Commentarii linguae Graecae... ab eodem accuratè recogniti, atque amplius tertia parte aucti. Paris, ex officina Roberti Stephani typographi RegiiEnquire
Fine Estienne device on title-page, greek letter.Folio. 1109pp. [21]ff. 19th century marbled calf, gilt ornamental border on covers, spine richly gilt in compartments (head and foot of spine and joints worn, some marks on covers).
CAMERARIUS Joachim (1551)
Commentarii utriusque lingua, hoc est, diligens exquisitio nominum, quibus partes corporis humani appellari solent . . . additis et functionum nomenclaturis, & aliis his accidentibus. Basle, Joannes HervagiusEnquire
Printer's woodcut device at beginning and end, two large historiated woodcut initials, woodcut diagram on verso of H1.Folio. [22]ff. 498 cols. [20]ff. 19th century calf-backed marbled boards.
TERENTIUS AFER Publius (1584)
Comoediae sex ... Terentij vita ex Aelio Donato. Argumenta... Annotationes in margine adscriptae [etc.] Venice: G. GriffioEnquire
Gryphius' device on title-page, half-page portrait of writer at his desk and woodcut illustration repeated at beginning of each play of an actor addressing an audience, woodcut initials. Sm. 8vo. 175 ff. (lacking final blank). 19th century half-calf, marbled boards.
[Comoediae sex]. Paris, ex officina Rob. Stephani, 1540 (colophon: JanuaryEnquire
Estienne's olive tree device on title-page (Shreiber no. 4).12mo (108 x 60mm) [144]ff (last blank). Early 17th century vellum, covers and spine panelled with two sets of double gilt fillets, central panel with fleuron tools at each corner.
PLAUTUS Titus Maccius (1511)
Comoediae XX. Venice, Lazarus Soardus, 14 AugustEnquire
Woodcut title-border, full-page woodcut of an actor addressing an audience on aa10v, 316 composite scene woodcuts, and white-on-black printer's device at end, woodcut initials throughout. Folio (312 x 210mm). CCXXVIII, CLXXXIX ff.(lacks final blank). 18th century calf, covers panelled with blind fillets and a large ornamental roll, spine gilt in compartments, r.e. (light wear to extremities, one or two small wormholes to the spine).
NATTA Marc' Antonio (1588)
Consiliorum sive responsorum tomi quatuor. Frankfurt, Sigismund FeyerabendEnquire
An elaborate almost full-page ornamental woodcut on title-page (by Jost Amman?), large woodcut arms of the dedicatee, six large ornamental woodcut printer's devices (two of them signed by Jost Amman), numerous ornamental woodcut initials and head-pieces.4 parts in one vol. Thick folio. Contemporary German blind-panelled pigskin, large arabesque ornament in centre of sides, ornamental roll-tooled borders, vellum ties (sides a little rubbed).
NEPOS Cornelius (1504))
Cornelius Nepos. De vita Catonis. senioris [.] Sextus. Aurelius de vitis caesarum [.] Benevenutis. Imolensis. De eadem.re [i.e. Libellus augustalis, all ed. L. Abstemius.](Fano: G. Soncino, 25 FebruaryEnquire
8vo (150 x 90mm.) ff. [68], 30 lines to a full page, 3-line initial spaces (most with guide letters), modern calf
Cronica del senor Juan, segundo de este nombre en Castilla y en Leon. Valencia, Benito MontfortEnquire
Engraved vignette on title-page, larger vignette head-piece at beginning of text with portrait of Henry III, after Rafael Ximeno.Folio. [1]f. XX, 636pp. Contemporary vellum, morocco label.
MARCOS DA LISBOA , Bp. of Oporto (1581)
Croniche de gli ordini instituiti dal P.S. Francesco, che contengono la sua vita la sua morte, i suoi miracoli, e din tutti i suoi sancti discepoli, & compagni... Parma, nella stamperia di Erasmo ViottiEnquire
2 vols. bound in one. 4to. [28]ff. 395pp.; [16]ff.(last blank). Contemporary vellum, later label on spine.
De bello civili libri decem. Eiusdem vita in fine operis . . . Paris, ex officina Rob. StephaniEnquire
Estienne's device on title-page. 8vo. 273pp. [3]ff. Early 19th century diced calf, narrow ornamental gilt border, by Simier, relieur du roi, decorative flat spine gilt (joints a little rubbed).
APPIANUS of Alexandria (1538)
De civilibus Romanorum bellis historiarum libri quinque [with:] PATERCULUS (Caius Velleius) Historiae Romanae duo volumina. Paris, ex officina Michaelis VascosanEnquire
Both titles with Vascosan's "Prelum Ascensianum" device (from Jodocus Badius Ascensius) with Badius' fine architectural title-border with cherubs and medallions. Part two with ornamental woodcut strip of flowers and insects similar to Geoffroy Tory's "moderne" borders; Badius' large satyr initial "S", seven of the large initials designed by Oronce Finé.Two parts in one vol. Folio. [18]ff. 283pp.; [10]ff. 41pp. (lacks final blank).Contemporary vellum over paste-board (head and foot of spine restored).
MUDEE Gabriel (1587)
De contractibus quatuor digestorum tituli facile praecipui . . . in quibus accesserunt inhac nova editione eiusdem Mudaei absolutissimi commentarii, nunquam antehac in lucem editi, in titulos item. Frankfurt, S. Feyerabend, 1586. [Bound with]: ALVAROTUS (Jacobus). Lectura in usus (feodorum) . . . editio novissima. Frankfurt, S. FeyerabendEnquire
Each title-page in red and black, large woodcut printer's device at beginning and end of each volume, ornamental initials and head-pieces, large woodcut arms in second work.2 works in one volume. Thick folio. [4]ff. 620pp. [24]ff. [12](last blank) 292 [22](last blank)ff. Contemporary blind-panelled pigskin, ornamental roll-tooled outer border interspersed with medallion heads, large arabesque ornament in centre of sides, original vellum ties (lower pair broken off, a little worn).


text:
As an unabashed Francophile, I keep up on what is going on in my favorite city– via blogs, friends in Paris, or occasionally coverage in a US publication, like the New York Times. I remembered reading about Diner en Blanc in the Times last year, as they were just about to launch a Diner in New York City.
Diner en Blanc, in case you're not familiar, is an invitation-only soiree that is essentialy a "pop-up" dinner. People, dressed in white, congregate at a local landmark (in Paris, for example, Notre Dame; in New York, they used Battery Park). Each table has a "head", who is responsible for organizing the table's attendees, and each member of the table is responsible for bringing their own picnic dinner. Everything is white: the clothes, the linens, the plates. When they're finished, they pack up their belongings and go– leaving the place as clean (or cleaner!) than when they got there.
Right now, Diner has just launched their Cincinnati Facebook page, touting this as the "must-attend" event of the summer with a limit of 1000 attendees. No details on date or much less location– which is always announced last-minute, to prevent party-crashing and to build some suspense– but as I find out more information I'll share it with you.
Here's a shot from the Diner en Blanc at Les Invalides a few years ago, used under Creative Commons license from Guillaume.
I went with my parents to Paris in the summer of 2005 and we were outside the Cathedral de Notre Dame and there were a bunch of long tables all dressed in white filled with people eating and having a good time. I, 17 years old at the time, had no idea at the time and neither did my parents and in fact, until this article, I still had no idea what was going on. I am glad to know now and I can tell my parents.
Julie, I'm IN! I would LOVE to help organize this event! And I've never been to Paris ( ashamed I know) but I'm going in September. Help me know your favorite city with suggestions?
How fun!!!! Can't wait!! Just what a foodie city needs and loves!!
Very excited about this!
[…] are new here, you might want to subscribe to the RSS feed for updates on this topic.Diner en Blanc, the imported French dinner party, has announced the date for 2012: September 15. They are taking reservations for the Phase 3 […]
Very cool. I imagine with Twitter though, it will be plenty easy to crash this event…just saying
P&G Gardens
The dramatic spontaneity is appealing. I wish Lytle Park had not been the setting. Too many "left out" feelings there right now. Not a total 'people place' unfortunately. The exclusivity there runs amuk.
I ended up not attending due to illness (unfortunate, since I paid to go!). The choice was picturesque, definitely, but also problematic, particularly with the controversy around the Anna Louise Inn. I had heard initially that there was discussion re: Washington Park but, thankfully, someone nixed that.


text:
Poll of U.K. Swing Seats Suggests Labour Will Win 2015 ElectionRobert Hutton
A poll of swing seats put Ed Miliband's opposition Labour Party on course to win an outright majority in the 2015 election, thanks to the increased strength of the anti-European Union U.K. Independence Party.
The survey of 12,809 voters in the 40 Conservative-held seats with the smallest majorities gave Labour a 14 percentage-point lead in seats where the party was in second place in the 2010 election. That's wider than the 5-point lead Labour had across the country in a nationwide comparison poll. Such a swing would give Labour 355 seats in the House of Commons and a majority of 66 over other parties.
The UKIP vote share in these seats has risen from 3 percent in 2010 to 11 percent, according to the poll commissioned by Michael Ashcroft, a Conservative upper-house lawmaker. The party's success has forced Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron to adopt a more EU-skeptic tone, pledging a referendum on staying in the bloc or leaving it by the end of 2017.
"Despite their narrow national poll lead, Labour are further ahead in the marginals where it matters," Ashcroft said in an e-mailed statement. "Labour have made no progress in the last two years, but if UKIP do as well at the general election as this poll suggests, Ed Miliband could become prime minister with a comfortable majority."
The poll offered some hope for the Conservatives, giving Cameron a 10 percentage-point lead in the seats on the question of who would make the best prime minister. His party was also seen as most clear about what it stood for, most able to take difficult decisions and most competent.
Ashcroft, who regularly commissions opinion polls on specific issues, carried out his survey between Aug. 1 and Sept. 5.


text:
The iris could have been Babbling Brook, but whatever it
was, it was not Victoria Falls. VF has a large white area around the
beard completely missing in this picture.
Francelle Edwards Glendale, AZ Zone 9
-----Original Message-----
From: Catherine Button
Sent: Wednesday, March 05, 2003
To: email@example.com
Subject: Re: [iris-photos] Picture
from Microsoft Picture It!
Actually Rose, I was confused by the post, even though
I enjoyed the
bright blue in the picture. It would be a little
clearer if you would
share your words about the photo and cut out all
the advertising stuff
for Microsoft. When I first saw it, I thought
someone was posting spam!
I would like to hear what you have to say, not
rose wrote:
> So sorry this did not meet with YOUR
approval-photo was intended to give
> pleasure to viewer not seeking any
criticism-of course unless it could
> be more constructive. so sad for you 8>(
My words are mine, and don't reflect the views of
my employer.
Catherine Button Network
Administrator firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 609-518-3700 x4444
Fax: 609-518-3720
"When I drop in my tracks, I want the
body to skid for a week."


text:
The Cambridges
William and Kate appoint new press spokesman
The current Director of Corporate Affairs for the Royal Bank of Scotland, Jason Knauf, is to become the new Communications Secretary...21st November 2014
Duchess of Cambridge hosts Place2Be awards at Kensington Palace
The Duchess of Cambridge tonight hosted an awards ceremony for Place2Be at Kensington Palace. Held just around the corner from The...19th November 2014
Duchess of Cambridge and her 'date'
It's not that sort of date, but a pupil from Highfield Community Primary School in Sunderland will be travelling to London...18th November 2014
Prince William to open World Bank Meeting
While on his visit to the United States next month, The Duke of Cambridge will join the Jim Yong King, the...18th November 2014
Duke of Cambridge to present Tusk Conservation Awards
Prince William will attend the Tusk Conservation Awards next Tuesday 25th November at Claridge's Hotel in London. Tusk, a UK &...18th November 2014
Duke of Cambridge teams up with Angry Birds to raise wildlife crime awareness
United for Wildlife, a collaboration headed by the Duke of Cambridge of seven of the world's most influential conservation organisations, has...17th November 2014
Duchess of Cambridge saddened by news of young patient's death
The Duchess of Cambridge was saddened to learn of the passing of Fabian Bate, a 12-year-old who lost his battle with...16th November 2014
Royal Central Conversations: 'A Day with The Duchess' author – plus giveaway!
I stumbled across 'A Day with The Duchess' book cover on twitter, and instantly wanted to find out more. I contacted...15th November 2014
William and Kate to visit the United States of America
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are set to visit the United States of America from the 7th to the 9th...14th November 2014
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attend Royal Variety Performance
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge attended a star-studded Royal Variety Performance on Thursday 13th November at the London Palladium. This was the...13th November 2014


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Description how to set up a cooperative business
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04/04/2015 00:19:27
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04/04/2015 00:19:27
Fix 'em Up, Rent 'em Out: How to Start Your Own House Fix-up & Rental Business in Your Spare Time; or, Investing in Real Estate and Creating Wealth with Fixer-Upper ...Okay, so if you've made it to this post then you should have already read the previous two posts in this series: How To Start A Successful Blog For Your Business ...5/2/2012 · Browning onions is a matter of patience. My own patience ran out earlier this year while leafing through the New York Times food section. There, in the ...2/19/2014 · Explains how to configure the Windows Time service in Windows Server 2008 R2, in Windows Server 2008, and in Windows Server 2003. Provides information ...3/29/2013 · Petra Boynton: How to break up with someone As we head into the Easter break, the long weekend might leave us reconsidering our relationships.it is important to take all the pros and cons into account. You should also assess the specific situation in the region where you plan on setting up your farm when it ...How To Wiki is a place to learn and share knowledge. How to guides, hacks and other useful information. Add your guide today!Export All Your Gmail Email in Three Steps Wish you could get all the messages in your Gmail account packed into one file ready to download and keep as an archive or ...A few weeks after the initial meeting with the HarvardConnection team, after Mark sent the IM to Eduardo Saverin talking about developing "the facebook thing" and ...author: topic: how to start catfish farming business in plastic fish tanks and concrete tanks (read 71853 times)
how to set up a cooperative business
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Jewel strawberries are a larger variety often used in desserts. Ovation strawberries are known for being very sweet and glossy. All varieties, however, are full of vitamin C, potassium and fiber. Try using the healthy ingredient to make Strawberry-mascarpone pie, Strawberry cheesecake bites and more.
Full Story:Daily Gazette (Schenectady, N.Y.)


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Busy couples turn to curated date night services to connect at home
CONSUMER INSIGHT - Implications - As busy couples aim to stay connected without putting further demand on time and money, many turn to creative monthly subscription services that deliver a romantic evening of activities. In providing a road map for amorous evenings at home, such services enable the individual consumer to put their energy into bonding with their partner, rather than stressing over plans for a night out. [More]