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[FREE] Compass + GPS
Hi friends,
I've a app, please review and rate for it.
Here is the link
Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/d...aul.compassgps
Use just like a real compass.
Your device must have MAGNETIC SENSOR inside to read earth magnetic field. If your device does not have magnetic sensor Compass Free or any other compass app will not work.
Compass Free is essential app for your Android device. It is a professional compass in your pocket, when you need it, where you need it and you never know when I might come handy.
Compass shows direction of north, south, east and west, shows degrees in side window, has rotating bezel for advanced compass navigation.
GPS location, address
Share your location with friends through the social networking twitter, facebook, sms, whatsup ...Sending latitude and longitude of your position
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Random Services, Nonclassifiable Establishments, listed under "Nonclassifiable Establishments" category, is located at 153 N 84th St Seattle WA, 98103 and can be reached by 2067824348 phone number. Random Services has currently 0 reviews.This business profile is not yet claimed, and if you are the owner, claim your business profile for free. If you are not the owner you can invite this business to join by email or by phone.Browse all Nonclassifiable Establishments in Seattle WA. Discover census data for Seattle, WA.
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subset: commoncrawl


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"My favorites are contemporary-art and gallery showings. I recently splurged on Camille Rose Garcia's Twilight: Deer."
— Livia Tortella, EVP of Atlantic Records
"Designer clothing and accessories, such as a Louis Vuitton custom luggage set, so I could feel fabulously chic while traveling."
— Linda Heasley, CEO of the Limited
"I would love to have a ski-in, ski-out mountain chalet in Vail or Park City."
— Hugh Jones, CEO of Travelocity Global
"I want the Bugatti Veyron or the Enzo Ferrari. Those are a little out of my reach — I don't think you buy a million-dollar car unless you've got $10 million in the bank." — Ice-T, actor and rapper
"The Amazon Kindle. We gifted it to all of our employees to celebrate Amazon's acquisition of Zappos."
— Tony Hsieh, CEO of Zappos
"If I could, I would love to take a year off to travel the world."
— Jim Goldman, CEO of Godiva Chocolatier
A version of this article appeared in the June 2010 issue of Fast Company magazine.


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Cardpoint is part of Cardtronics Europe, part of Cardtronics Inc., the largest independent ATM provider in the world. Our two ATM brands in the German market are Moneybox and Cardpoint. We manage approximately 1,300 ATMs across Germany for a range of customers including:
- Financial Institutions
- Fuel and Motorway Service Areas
- Retail
- Leisure


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Carrots And Dill
|Sunflower oil
|2 Teaspoon
|1 Large, sliced into fine rings
|1 Pound, cut into fingers (500 Gram)
|1 Teaspoon
|Yeast extract
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Hot water
|1⁄4 Pint (150 Milliliter)
|To Taste
|Black pepper
|To Taste
1. Heat the oil in a saucepan and fry the onion rings, carrots and
dill seeds for 5-10 minutes.
2. Dissolve the yeast extract in the hot water and pour over the carrots. Cover and cook gently for 10 minutes until the carrots are just tender, adding a little extra water if necessary. Season to taste
and serve hot.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 429 Calories from Fat 112
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 13 g19.8%
Saturated Fat 1.7 g8.4%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 809.8 mg33.7%
Total Carbohydrates 75 g25.1%
Dietary Fiber 19.1 g76.3%
Sugars 35.1 g
Protein 10 g19.4%
Vitamin A 1515.7% Vitamin C 83.7%
Calcium 25.8% Iron 16.1%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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The Tech Guy for Saturday 12 November 2011 - Show 821
Host: Leo Laporte
Best method for charging batteries, cloud sync options, ultra mobile PC or an iPad2, and your calls.
Download or subscribe to this show at twit.tv/ttg.
For detailed show notes, visit techguylabs.com.
Bandwidth for the Tech Guy podcast is provided by Cachefly.
Running time: 1:56:47


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PIC: Blake Lively, Leo DiCaprio Exit French Hotel Separately
Undercover lovers?
Blake Lively and Leonardo DiCaprio left the same hotel -- separately!
On Friday, red-headed Lively, 23, was seen leaving the Saint-Paul de Vence wearing a flowing white dress. DiCaprio, 36, was also spotted leaving the same hotel in Saint-Paul, France, wearing a baseball cap and blue polo shirt.
PIC: Leo and Blake as boat buddies
Earlier this month, sources confirmed to Us Weekly that DiCaprio and supermodel Bar Rafaeli, 25, ended their five year relationship. Lively ended things with Penn Badgley, her beau of three years and Gossip Girl costar, in September 2010.
Lively and DiCaprio were caught hugging on a yacht during the Cannes Film Festival, and the duo was spotted yet again last Sunday in Portofino, Italy.
Tell Us: Would Blake and Leo make a cute couple?
Get more Us! Follow us on Twitter, Friend us on Facebook, Subscribe to Us Weekly


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Serbian Orthodox Church
Bishop Mitrophan: To all Clergy of the Eastern American Dicoese13. October 2011 - 13:54
We are planning another clergy seminar again this year to be held at Shadeland on November 9-10, 2011. The featured speaker is Archimandrite Demetrios Carellas, Chaplain for the Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania. Archimandrite Demetrios will speak on contemporary issues in today's society. Vespers will be held on Wednesday evening, November 9 at 6:00 PM. An evening meal will be served.
Hawaiian Iveron Icon stops in Canton13. October 2011 - 13:53
The St. George Serbian Orthodox Church in North Canton, Ohio had a special visit on Thursday, October 6th when the Wonderworking and Myrrh-streaming "Hawaiian" Iveron Icon made a visit en route to Pennsylvania. Though the visit was made in the middle of a work day one pulling up to the church and seeing all the cars would have thought it was Pascha. In fact, Reader Nektarios, the caretaker of the icon, in his address to the faithful after the service noted the miracles that have occurred before this icon and the many faithful, an estimated quarter of a million, who have venerated it over the course of a few years. "And everywhere we go," he added, "the churches are filled as if it were Pascha".
Construction of the church St. Stephen of Decani at the SAJ base in Batajnica13. October 2011 - 10:59
His Grace Vicar Bishop Atanasije visited yesterday, on October 12, 2011 the base of the Special Anti-terrorist Unit of the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia in Batajnica where he consecrated a cross and a ploto on which the church of St. Stephen of Decani will be built.
Receiptions at Serbian Patriarchate - October 12, 201113. October 2011 - 10:50
His Holiness Irinej, Serbian Patriarch met yesterday on October 12, 2011 in the Serbian Patriarchate in Belgrade with Orlando Antonini, the Apostolic Nuncio in Belgrade, with associates. On the same day His Holiness received Mr. Nedja Ilic, the director of the Forests of Republic of Srpska (JP Sume Republike Srpske).
Saint Cyriacus the Anchorite solemnly celebrated in Velika Hoca13. October 2011 - 9:48
In Velika Hoca, near Orahovac, a village slava was solemnly celebrated, the feast day of Venerable Saint Cyriacus the Anchorite and the end of this year's harvest of the grapes. The Divine Liturgy at the courtyard of the church of St. Anne, beside the village school, was served by Their Graces Bishops Teodosije of Raska-Prizren and Vicar Jovan of Lipljan with the concelebration of monks and priests of the Diocese.
Patriarch Irinej meets with directors of Belgrade schools12. October 2011 - 11:35
His Holiness Irinej, Serbian Patriarch made a regular annual reception yesterday, on October 11, 2011 in the Serbian Patriarchate for directors of primary and high schools from the territory of the Archbishopric of Belgrade-Karlovac.


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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis and an important cause of end-stage kidney failure. It is a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis defined by IgA1 mesangial deposits. Although it has been speculated for some time that the pathogenesis of IgAN is driven by deposition of circulating immune complexes (IC), this has been difficult to prove due to the lack of animal models of IgAN. Our development of new protocols that permit formation of engineered IC in vitro and establishment of a passive mouse model of IgAN provide an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate the pathophysiology of IgAN and identify potential therapeutic targets. In IgAN, a fraction of circulating IgA1 has galactose-deficient O-glycans (Gd-IgA1) and is present in circulating IC bound by glycan-specific autoantibodies. We now have characterized Gd-IgA1 and the anti-Gd-IgA1 autoantibodies that are present in these IC and used targeted proteomic approaches to both define the serum factors that associate with these IC and may contribute to their pathogenic effects and to identify the mesangial-cell receptors for the ICs. Rational extension of these studies required analysis of the molecular effects of these pathogenic IgAN ICs on the signaling events that lead to mesangial-cell activation. Global kinase-activity profilin using an innovative peptide substrate microarray platform of human mesangial cells stimulated with Gd-IgA1 IC identified robust tyrosine kinase activity as a major player in IC-induced signaling in three predominant pathways. Similar results were obtained with native and engineered ICs. The mesangial-cell responses after stimulation with these IC were typical of IgAN but differed from those obtained by using IC lacking all of the components in pathogenic ICs. An association with pathogenesis was demonstrated using protein-kinase inhibitors, which confirmed that one of the inhibitors completely blocked IC- mediated mesangial cell proliferation in vitro as well as in vivo in the passive mouse model of IgAN. These data suggest the hypothesis that Gd-IgA1-containing ICs represent a key hit in the pathogenesis of IgAN by activating mesangial cells through specific signaling pathways;the corollary is that this IC-drive signaling in mesangial cells can be blocked by small-molecular-mass inhibitors of protein kinases and thus represents a feasible therapeutic target(s). The team of basic and clinical investigators that has developed the powerful proteomic, kinomic, and cellular approaches used to generate the preliminary data will now test this hypothesis by: 1) Defining the characteristics of Gd-IgA1-containing ICs from sera of patients with IgAN that activate human mesangial cells;2) Characterizing the signaling pathways activated by Gd-IgA1-containing ICs in mesangial cells;and 3) Determining the efficacy of small-molecular-mass inhibitors of key protein kinases on mesangial cell activation in vivo using the animal model of IgAN. Relevance: The results will shed light on the pathogenesis of IgAN and identify therapeutic targets for disease-specific treatment of IgAN as well as potential response/prognostic biomarkers.
IgA nephropathy causes kidney damage those progresses to end-stage kidney failure in a substantial number of patients, as there are no disease-specific therapies available. We propose to define the molecular responses of the kidney cells to the circulating complexes that trigger the disease by using state-of-the-art molecular profiling in combination with the novel cell and in vivo models that we have developed. The results of the proposed experimental and clinical studies will suggest disease-specific therapeutic strategies and provide the basis for development of noninvasive tests for detection of disease activity prior to irreversible kidney damage. 1
|Suzuki, Hitoshi; Raska, Milan; Yamada, Koshi et al. (2014) Cytokines alter IgA1 O-glycosylation by dysregulating C1GalT1 and ST6GalNAc-II enzymes. J Biol Chem 289:5330-9
|Schmitt, Roland; Ståhl, Anne-Lie; Olin, Anders I et al. (2014) The combined role of galactose-deficient IgA1 and streptococcal IgA-binding M Protein in inducing IL-6 and C3 secretion from human mesangial cells: implications for IgA nephropathy. J Immunol 193:317-26
|Franc, Vojtech; Rehulka, Pavel; Raus, Martin et al. (2013) Elucidating heterogeneity of IgA1 hinge-region O-glycosylation by use of MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry: role of cysteine alkylation during sample processing. J Proteomics 92:299-312
|Novak, Jan (2012) Induction of IgA deposits and glomerulonephritis by IgA rheumatoid factor. J Am Soc Nephrol 23:371-3
|Takahashi, Kazuo; Smith, Archer D; Poulsen, Knud et al. (2012) Naturally occurring structural isomers in serum IgA1 o-glycosylation. J Proteome Res 11:692-702
|Horynova, Milada; Takahashi, Kazuo; Hall, Stacy et al. (2012) Production of N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 2 (GalNAc-T2) fused with secretory signal Igýý in insect cells. Protein Expr Purif 81:175-80
|Suzuki, Hitoshi; Kiryluk, Krzysztof; Novak, Jan et al. (2011) The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:1795-803
|Novak, Jan; Moldoveanu, Zina; Julian, Bruce A et al. (2011) Aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 and anti-glycan antibodies in IgA nephropathy: role of mucosal immune system. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 72:60-3
|McCarthy, Douglas D; Kujawa, Julie; Wilson, Cheryl et al. (2011) Mice overexpressing BAFF develop a commensal flora-dependent, IgA-associated nephropathy. J Clin Invest 121:3991-4002
|Herzenberg, Andrew M; Fogo, Agnes B; Reich, Heather N et al. (2011) Validation of the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 80:310-7
Showing the most recent 10 out of 42 publications


text:
Are you actually trying to say something or just arguing with
anybody who pops their head up? I think if your marketing strategy someday
fails you might do well in some insurance company, explaining to people why
you don't actually have to pay their claims. Eventually they'll stop trying
to figure out what you're saying and just let you keep the money.
..............Bill Meyer
> You asked for my opinion, and that doesn't happen too often, so I can't
> give up yet, but it seems to me that we may just be talking past each
> other here, because I still have the same questions.
> firstname.lastname@example.com wrote:
> > Chick:
> >
> > Three dollars wholesale isn't the same as three dollars retail. I
> > would probably offer it for $15 to $20 retail for a decent size plant.
> > However, if I can wholesale it then I can keep selling it year after
> > year without having to deal with hundreds or thousands of customers.
> I understand that. I sell wholesale too and I sell plenty of plants for
> three dollars or less. The plants I sell at $3.00 are older varieties
> that I have too many of, that won't stop multiplying, and I need to sell
> them or throw them in the compost. What I don't do is go looking for new
> plants to sell for $3.00. If you think your plant is worth $15-20 retail,
> I don't understand why you can only get $3 for it wholesale.
> > At the wholesale level there are few hostas that are worth three
> > dollars or more. Some hostas go for a little as 50 cents and that's
> > for a large eyed single fan.
> I'm getting the impression that either you are wholesaling to wholesalers,
> which is a whole different animal, or you are in a very different market
> from me. It is not hard to find good, newer hostas retailing for $15-25
> here at local garden centers here, and these plants are not wholesaled at
> $3.00. If they were, retailers would be marking them up 5-8 times cost.
> One of our biggest wholesalers in this area, lists about 80 hostas, only 5
> of them selling for $3.00. Nothing below that. These folks deliver in
> tractor trailers and have a $1000 minimum order, so they are not selling
> to niche markets. I would estimate that the average wholesale for a good
> plant is $5-8.
> If you are selling to Walmart type stores, you are asking the wrong
> person, if you are wholesaling to other wholesale growers, it seems to me
> that you are competing with the Dutch and the tc labs, and I wouldn't know
> anything about that either, except I don't envy you.
> > >Why not just grow a good plant that's already available in tc?
> >
> > And who am I going to sell it to? Besides that there will be lots of
> > other people selling the same plant. I don't have any intention of
> > specializing in hostas at the reatil level and competiting with all
> > the collectors who already put out a catalog. Even at the wholesale
> > level it's difficult because the buyers already have their vendors
> > they buy from, so they don't jump to a new grower that easily.
> >
> Ok, maybe I'm reading too much between the lines, but from all you've
> said, I just don't understand your situation. Maybe your plant is not as
> ordinary as you make it sound to me. The fact that you are not impressed
> with hostas makes it hard for me to guess how good your plant is, but I
> have to admit that it's hard for me to picture another Francee sport that
> would compare with what I consider very good, but readily available
> hostas.
> It seems to me that you are saying that you can't grow a really good plant
> because somebody is already growing all those and selling them for $3.00.
> So I'm sitting here thinking, is somebody selling Showboat or Robert
> Frost, for example, for $3.00? These are two hostas that I consider very
> good plants, not offered at wholesale in my area by anyone I can find. If
> they are available at $3.00, you are dead meat because why would anyone
> buy your ordinary plant if they can get these two for the same price? And
> I just may hop in my truck and make a buying trip out to your area. (I
> was going to suggest you grow Lakeside Kaleidoscope just to irritate Mary,
> but I decided not to press my luck.)
> So, if we can assume that nobody is really growing these plants for $3.00,
> then you must be saying that nobody would pay more than $3.00 wholesale
> for them. If that's the case, you are selling to a tough crowd and I
> wouldn't want to be in your area. Where the hell are you anyway? Maybe
> there is no market for really good hostas in your area.
> But if people would pay $4-5 for a really good hosta, as I think they
> would in most places, it seems to me that you would be better off growing
> a better plant. If you have 50 plants of your Francee now, it would cost
> about $150 to replace your stock with Robert Frost and grow that instead.
> Once you have the stock, It costs just as much to grow a mediocre hosta as
> a great one.
> If you really can't get more than $3.00 for Robert Frost, then I just
> don't understand your market and you should probably be asking Bill Meyer
> for advice.
> Chick
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
> message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
Guest reviews
Overall rating
7.9 Good
Based on 23 reviews
staff to be very friendly."
Good to know
"Friendly service"
data provided by TrustYou
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At Hotel Sicilia, you'll be within a 15-minute drive of Fiera Milano City and Milan Convention Centre. You can grab a bite to eat at the restaurant or wind down at the end of the day with a drink from the bar/lounge. Flat-screen TVs, rainfall showerheads, and free WiFi are offered in all rooms.


text:
Admitting "not all the (past) XJ's were beautiful," Jaguar Cars' director of design Ian Callum previews for the media in Novi, MI, the company's all-new '04 XJ8, the longstanding flagship that Callum nonetheless calls, "the mainstay of Jaguar design heritage."
The '04 XJ sedan, known internally at Jaguar as X350, was unveiled at the Paris auto show and goes on sale in the U.S. sometime in the second quarter next year. Jaguar officials say pricing and volume targets will be discussed closer to launch. The '02 XJ8 starts at around $57,000. In 2001, sales of all XJ models totaled 10,082 units.
The new XJ8 — the U.S. gets only the V-8 powered XJ8 and its supercharged XJR offshoot, while 6-cyl. XJs will be sold in the rest of the world — is the seventh generation of Jaguar's distinctive-but-often-imperfect XJ series that began in 1968. But the new car strives to leave behind the foibles of the past.
To manufacture a car that retained vestiges of its slim, elegant styling while simultaneously evolving into something larger, Jaguar looked to aluminum. To date, there is perhaps no better example of the alloy's weight-saving attributes for production cars.
The all-new XJ, with its all-aluminum structure and bodywork, is larger in every dimension than the current-generation lineup, yet weighs a startling 440 lbs. (200 kg) less than the equivalent car from the steel-bodied current generation. The body-in-white is a full 40% lighter, yet it's 60% stiffer.
The weight loss is patently unique for a car with a wheelbase increased by more than six inches, not to mention similar ballooning of height and width. Although the current XJ is sold in regular- and long-wheelbase formats, the new car, at least initially, will come only with the single wheelbase — which still is longer than the current extended-wheelbase XJ.
The new XJ's revised V-8 engines also are aluminum-intensive. The XJ8 enjoys the same 4.2L DOHC unit now standard for the S-Type; it develops 294 hp at 6,000 rpm and 303 lb.-ft. (411 Nm) of torque at 4,100 rpm. For the XJR, the Roots-type supercharger puffs those figures to 390 hp at 6,100 rpm and 399 lb.-ft. (541 Nm) at 3,500 rpm. Either engine is backed by the highly touted ZF Friedrich-shafen AG-made 6-speed automatic transmission, which has emerged as the gear-shifter of choice for large-engine, premium-segment flagships.


text:
David "The Crow" Loiseau has something in common with UFC welterweight
champ Georges St-Pierre, other than years of time on the mats of
Montreal's Tristar Gym.
The onetime UFC middleweight chall read news >>
UFC veteran and current Tachi Palace Fights middleweight champion David "The Crow" Loiseau has pulled out of next week's bout against Giva Santana, according to Tachi Palace event coordinator Jeremy read news >>
The "Crow" has been temporarily grounded, but a "Rhino" has stepped up to take his place. read news >>
Current Tachi Palace Fights middleweight champion David 'The Crow' Loiseau will next defend his title on Aug 5 against Giva 'The Arm Collector' Santana. Read More >> read news >>


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 5, 2005
|Filing date
|Jul 29, 2002
|Priority date
|Jul 30, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thomas Larry
|Original Assignee
|Toyon Research Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (40), Non-Patent Citations (78), Referenced by (49), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/308,097 which was filed on Jul. 30, 2001, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates in general to the field of small adaptable antenna systems. By 'small' is meant an antenna system whose largest dimension is about � wavelength or less at the lower end of the operational band. In particular the invention relates to the use of loaded parasitic components within the radiating aperture of an antenna element for the purpose of controlling the RF properties of the antenna element. It also relates to the use of a feedback and control subsystem that is part of the antenna system and which periodically adjusts the RF properties of the parasitic components based on some observed metric of the received waveform. This small antenna system will be referred to as a controlled parasitic antenna (CPA). By using a feedback subsystem to control the electromagnetic properties of the antenna aperture, this antenna system can provide multifunctionality and/or mitigate problems associated with the reception of an interfering signal (or signals) within a very compact volume. The interfering signal could actually be the desired signal arriving along a reflected path.
Often in wireless communications interfering signals share the same frequency band (or channel within the band) as the desired signal. As noted above, the interfering signal can be the desired signal arriving along a reflected path or paths. This will be referred to as coherent interference, which can lead to partial cancellation of the signal strength. This in turn can result in signal fade or dropout.
An independent interfering signal will be referred to as incoherent interference. This type of interference is often characterized as either broadband or narrow band interference. Broadband interference is spread over a large fraction of or all of the bandwidth associated with the desired signal. This interference looks like noise to the system and will effectively reduce the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and can swamp the desired signal or at least reduce its quality. Narrowband interference occupies a smaller fraction of the signal band. Applying narrowband-filtering or narrowband-processing techniques to the antenna output can sometimes mitigate its deleterious effect.
Interference may unintentionally compete with the desired signal, as is the case in an area where two co-channel radio stations have about the same strength. In some situations (warfare) intentional interference can occur. Sometimes the interfering signal has been intentionally modulated so as to mimic some key aspect of the desired signal. This can corrupt the information content that the receiver outputs. For digital communications both coherent and incoherent interference can lead to unacceptable bit error rates, loss of signal lock, or a corruption of the information or message in the desired signal.
The conventional method of designing a wireless system for interference rejection is to receive outputs from two or more antenna elements. A processor uses these outputs to determine a complex weight or set of weights for each output. These are applied to the measured outputs to produce weighted outputs. These weighted outputs are then combined to form a single output. If the weights are chosen correctly, the effective power of the interference in the final output will be significantly reduced relative to the measured outputs and the desired signal strength will be enhanced. The resulting antenna system is often referred to as an adaptive phased array. If the adaptive array has only a few elements (at least 2 but no more than about 10), then it is often referred to as a "smart antenna." Actually, the upper bound on the number of elements in "smart" antennas simply reflects current practices and conventions of terminology. In principle this number could be arbitrarily large.
A number of smart antenna systems for communication applications have been described. The "smarts" in such systems make use of a digital signal processor. The inputs to such a processor are the received element signals after the initial front end filtering and down conversion. The processor determines a set of weights that are used to combine the element signals in such a way so as to reduce the interference in the final output. This approach to interference mitigation is performed solely within an electronic package that has two or more antenna input ports. Each such port is connected to an antenna element via an RF (radio or carrier frequency) transmission line of some type. The antenna elements are designed to have coverage that is as broad as possible but are offset from each other in position and/or orientation. These offsets have to be large enough so that there are sufficient signal phase differences among the individual element outputs. The processor uses these phase differences to advantage in determining the appropriate weights. For adequate spatial filtering element separations ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 carrier wavelength are required.
A number of U.S. patents disclose variations on the theme of the type of smart antenna described above. U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,260 discloses a smart antenna system for CDMA wireless applications. This system uses multiple antenna elements and transceivers as well as a processor that exploits spatial and code diversity. U.S. Pat. No. 6,137,785 discloses a smart antenna system for a wireless mobile station. It makes use of at least two antenna elements and a receiver structure for canceling co-channel interference. U.S. Pat. No. 6,177,906 discloses a multimode iterative adaptive smart antenna processing method and apparatus that makes use of multiple antennas and receiver units. A new method for weight selection is also disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 6,229,486 discloses a subscriber based smart antenna, which uses the outputs from multiple elements to form multiple beams. A controller picks the best beam at any particular time. U.S. Pat. No. 6,252,548 discloses a transceiver arrangement for a smart antenna system in a mobile communication base station. Again, this system uses multiple elements, multiple transceivers, digitizers, and a digital processor. U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,757 discloses a method for a multi-element smart antenna system.
For many of the systems classified as "smart" antennas the total antenna aperture (containing several elements) tends to be a minimum of 1 to 2 wavelengths across. Often the aperture needs to be much larger than this. The elements are typically passive (have fixed properties) and all the interference mitigation is provided at the level of the down converted signal within the system electronics package. Thus, the RF or front end of the system is not affected by the interference mitigating functions of the "smart" antenna system. Typically the elements are designed so that they operate best at a specific carrier frequency as well as across a fairly narrow band (a few per cent relative bandwidth) about that frequency. Dual tuned elements also exist and could possibly be used for "smart" antenna applications.
Conventional "smart" antenna systems can be very effective in mitigating the impact of one or several interfering sources. However, they also have significant drawbacks. Among the most significant ones are:
A number of U.S. patents disclose variations on antenna system designs that make use of parasitic elements. A number of these specifically describe arrays of parasitics within multi-element arrays of active elements. Examples are as follows. U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,939 discloses a multi-element reconfigurable antenna system that uses microstrip patch elements—both active and parasitic. The parasitic element(s) could be passive or loaded with variable impedances. The emphasis is on array applications where the overall system size would be at least a few wavelengths. U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,803 discloses a multi-element antenna system that makes use of passive parasitics to provide dual band capabilities. U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,100 discloses a planar antenna array with passive parasitic elements to provide multiple beams of varying widths. In this system a single active element is used for transmitting and multiple elements are used for receiving.
A number of single element designs with passive parasitics are also disclosed in the prior art. Examples are as follows. U.S. Pat. No. 5,923,305 discloses a dual band helix with a second passive parasitic helix that is either collocated with or adjacent to the active element. The presence of the parasitic enables the antenna element to be tuned at two different bands. U.S. Pat. No. 6,133,882 discloses an antenna element that uses parasitics for parasitic feed coupling to a radiating element. U.S. Pat. No. 6,181,279 discloses a patch antenna element with an electrically small ground plane. Peripheral parasitic slabs are used to help tune the antenna assembly to a desirable frequency. U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,943 discloses the use of a passive parasitic for dual band tuning of an internal loop dipole antenna. U.S. Pat. No. 6,249,255 discloses an antenna assembly and associated method that makes use of a passive parasitic to reduce the gain in the direction of the user of a communication device. U.S. Pat. No. 6,285,327 discloses a substrate antenna element that makes use of a passive patch parasitic to tailor the antenna characteristics.
In "Axial Mode Helical Antennas" Nakano et al. describe the use of a passive helical parasitic element with an active helical element. The parasitic element is shown to have a noteworthy impact on the element gain pattern. In "A Planar Version of a 4.0 GHz Reactively Steered Adaptive Array" Dinger describes a planar array that includes a single active microstrip element and eight closely coupled parasitic microstrip elements that are reactively loaded with variable impedances. The parasitic elements are exterior to the aperture of the active radiating element. The dimensions of the array are about 1.0�1.5 wavelengths. Null steering for the active element at 4.0 GHz is demonstrated for the active element.
The present invention provides an adaptive capability for mitigating the adverse impact of interference or jamming (hostile interference) to communication systems. Unlike, the "smart" antenna concept, it avoids the three drawbacks mentioned above. In particular it uses a single antenna output port and has an aperture whose largest dimension is about one-half wavelength or less. It too makes use of a digital signal processor. However, it provides interference control not by means of multiple sets of output weights but rather by adaptively setting the biases applied to active circuits in the antenna aperture. These circuits are attached to parasitic elements that are contained within the radiating aperture. The variable impedances of these circuits act in a manner that is analogous to processor weights. However, they are applied in the RF front end where they can affect much more antenna multifunctionality than is possible with conventional "smart" antenna concepts. The processor in this invention is actually part of a feedback and control loop that adapts the impedance circuits to minimize or maximize some metric of the received output from the antenna. This antenna system design can also be used to provide tuning control of the antenna element. This provides the possibility of operating over a larger frequency range than is typically the case in conventional antenna system designs.
As a background to the invention, the manner in which the RF properties of CPA devices can be controlled will now be described. In the context of this specification RF refers to the frequency (or range of frequencies) of a transmission which propagates through space. Also described herein is how the function of the CPA differs from conventional and other state of the art approaches to antenna pattern control and interference mitigation. An antenna is an RF device. It is important to emphasize that in a CPA system control and adaptability are applied in the antenna aperture. This is RF control.
For both transmit (XMIT) and receive (REC) the RF front end usually consists of two basic parts. Often the same front end is used for both XMIT and REC. One of the basic parts is a power distribution system and the other is the antenna element or elements. The antenna elements are the system components that are designed to radiate RF energy into the transmission region. There could be one or many such elements in an antenna system. The distribution system carries RF power between the connection point or points and the antenna element or elements. This distribution system could be as simple as a section of coax with connectors at each end, or it could be a complicated microwave circuit consisting of such things as power dividers, hybrids, phase shifters, coaxes, connectors, and so forth. The connection points are referred to as ports. For transmission (XMIT) an antenna element radiates RF energy into the transmission region. For reception the antenna element is driven (or excited) by RF radiation that is in the transmission region. CPA devices are antenna elements and therefore the control they provide is contained within the antenna portion of the RF front end. This is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the CPA.
Ideally, on the REC side of the link the system should receive a desired signal with as much signal energy as possible and it should reject undesired signals as much as possible. This is the main purpose of adaptive antenna systems. There are three basic ways of implementing such adaptive capabilities. These are illustrated in
The ERA applies adaptive RF control in the antenna aperture. The CPA invention is a special kind of ERA. With an ERA the RF properties are controlled via the mechanism of active electronic circuits that are embedded in the aperture. A CPA is characterized by the presence of parasitic elements, which are conducting structures placed in the aperture but not directly connected to the power distribution system. With a CPA, parasitic elements are directly connected to circuits that contain active control devices. These determine the impedance characteristics of the parasitic elements distributed in the antenna aperture. The control devices would typically be variable capacitors (varactors) of some type as illustrated in FIG. 2. The use of varactors allows for the control of the reactive portion of the parasitic impedance. However, variable resistances could also be included for some applications. The impedance properties of an active device can be controlled by varying a DC voltage (bias). In a CPA there may be one or several such biases that can be varied. The adaptation of the antenna properties is accomplished by properly adjusting these biases. The use of parasitics with controllable reactances as described above distinguishes the CPA from other types of ERA systems. The particular advantages of using controllable parasitics in this manner will be discussed using the well-established theory of RF networks.
The adaptive nature of this invention can best be understood within the context of RF network theory. Those aspects of this theory that pertain directly to the invention are summarized in the following. This summary also provides a means of comparing and contrasting the CPA approach with the adaptive phased array or "smart antenna" approach. This helps to clarify the innovativeness of the CPA concept and to show how it is distinctly different from the current state of the art adaptive antenna technologies.
The antenna RF properties can be specified by making use of a set of input ports. These serve as measurement reference points for the RF system. This is illustrated in FIG. 3. This set of ports (often there is only one port in this set) will be designated as R (31) or as the R-plane reference for the system. These R ports (or this R port) correspond to the connection points that were mentioned above in the discussion that referenced FIG. 2. In
In the following discussion it is implicitly assumed that the system is operating in the receive mode since the system would typically be adapting in this mode of operation. However, the RF system that is adapting will usually be a reciprocal system and, thus, there will be corresponding reciprocal effects on the transmit properties. Ideally, the system will be designed and the reference R chosen so that ΓR=0. In that case the power received at R will be (Ce)★�Ce. At RF the source power wave vector can be written as a sum of three contributions as follows,
C e =C s e +C i e +C n e (1)
where subscripts s, i, and n refer, respectively, to contributions from the desired signal (or signals), the unwanted interference, and the noise. In the present context an important distinction between the interference and noise is that the interference can be attributed to discrete directional sources and is sensitive to the directional and polarization properties of the antenna pattern. The noise is typically (though not always) independent of the pattern. The noise consists of three basic contributions, which are background noise, antenna aperture noise, and system (or receiver) noise. It is the background portion of the noise that can depend on the pattern. In the following discussion it is implicitly assumed that the system noise is the dominant noise source.
The dependence of Ci e and Cs e on the variable load values is exploited when using a CPA to mitigate interference. In some situations the interference may actually have one or more contributions from the source of the desired signal. This would be coherent interference and usually results from multi-path propagation. The noise contribution will be assumed to be dominated by the receive system noise which is independent of the pattern. All three terms on the right side of equation (1) can depend on the loads, although, the effects of loading on the noise can usually be assumed to be negligible. The basic idea of the CPA is to have a feed back mechanism that causes the control loads to converge to values that eliminate or significantly reduce the contribution of the interference Ci e and/or enhance the contribution of the desired signal Cs e. It is important to emphasize that for a CPA this reduction and/or enhancement occurs in the antenna portion of the RF front end of the system.
This section will present a network description of the system. The primary goal is to show how the control loads affect the power wave source vector Ce that is depicted in FIG. 3.
At R (41) the antenna system in
C e =C R S +S RC S�({tilde over (S)}C −S CC S)−1 �C C S (2)
Equation (2) shows how Ce (64) relates to the impedances of the control network (2). In
The vector CS is a sum of contributions from all external sources. In particular consider the contribution from a discrete source. In addition to its frequency dependence, the power wave vector of this source depends on the direction and polarization of the incident field arriving from the source. This can be expressed in terms of a normalized source vector LS (f;n) where n is a source index. One can write for source n,
In equation (4) a(f;n) corresponds to available power from the source. If P(f;n) is the incident power density (W/m2 ) due to the source, then it follows that,
The normalized source vector LS (f;n) is a construct whose purpose is to provide insight into the way a CPA system operates. It is important to give some consideration to the way in which time is referenced in order to more fully understand the meaning of the normalized source vector associated with a discrete source. This is so since the contributions from all the different sources need to be properly synchronized if their combined output is to represent a true coherent sum. Suffice it to say that phase needs to be referenced to a fixed point in space that serves as a fixed phase center of the system. This phase center will not vary as the load setting changes. The time dependence of all incident field waveforms can in principle be referenced to the time at which they reach this fixed phase center. Specifically what this means is that if we were to remove the antenna and replace it with an idealized field sensor (unit gain) located at the origin (i.e. the fixed phase center) and with the same polarization as the source, then would correspond to the Fourier transform of the measured time signal due to that source. With the antenna present and ports F and C matched (impedance zo), the Fourier transform of the corresponding signal received at these ports is given by (4). The phase of LS (f;n) is, therefore, referenced to the fixed phase c produce changes in the magnitudes and phases of the components of LS (f;n) as the load impedances change. However, the control loads do not affect the a(f;n) coefficients.
In the case of multi-path it may be necessary to associate more than one index n with an actual signal source. The different indices would correspond to the different propagation paths between the source and the receive system. It is convenient to think of these as representing correlated sources. This would be the case of coherent interference.
The power wave Cs e+Ci e (see equation (1)) can be represented as a sum over the individual contributions of all discrete sources that contribute to the output at R. The sum makes use of the LS (f;n) and a(f;n) factors for each source.
Now let us refer to a specific output. This could be a receiver output (73) or an output to the feedback loop in the pre-receiver (72) configuration. A receiver link transfer function Uo will relate the output Vo to the input Ce. In what follows it is assumed that this link contains a band-pass filter to reject signal energy that is outside of some narrow band centered at an RF receive frequency fr. The output will be linearly related to the input with the form,
V o �=U o �C e (6)
Such a transfer function is typically a product of several transfer functions that represent the various steps in the cascade leading from the R (71) port or ports to the output. These steps will include one or more filters and may also include mixers for down conversion. Since the output will be narrow banded and possibly centered at some frequency fl different from fr, it is convenient to express the factors in (6) as functions of the frequency F which is defined relative to the center frequency. Thus at RF, F=f−fr and at the intermediate output frequency F=f−fl. A receiver link gain G can be associated with the magnitude Uo. Now consider the portion of the output Vd o that is due to discrete sources. In equation (1) these are the ones designated by subscripts s and i. It follows that,
where the summation is over all discrete sources, Le (f;k) is the effective normalized power wave vector of source k at RF frequency fr+F, and a(F;k) is the complex amplitude of the incident field due to source k at RF frequency fr+F. The normalized vector LS (F;k) for source k can be expressed as (see equation (4) above),
The vector Le (F;k) can be expressed as a product of a matrix X(F) and LS (F;k). One has that
L e(F;k)=X(F)�L S(F;k) (9)
From equation (2) this X matrix can be seen to be defined in terms of 2 block matrices as,
X=(1,S RC S�({tilde over (S)}C −S CC S)−1) (10)
where 1 is the identity matrix operating on R-plane indices. Note that X contains the control load dependence (represented by {tilde over (S)}c) and is independent of the source properties. Keep in mind the difference between Le(F;k) and LS(F;k). The array LS(F;k) represents the power received at ports R and C (65 in
Up to this point in the discussion there has been no limitation on the number of R ports. For the remainder of the discussion it is assumed that there is only one R port. This relates most directly to small antenna applications of the CPA concept. In that case vector Le has only one component, Uo (F) is a scalar function, and X (see (10)) becomes a row vector. Equations (7) and (9) can now be combined to yield,
In equation (11) the summation is the matched condition source vector array resulting from all the discrete sources. A useful construct is to imagine that each of the ports R and C has a receive link identical to the actual one at port R. In that case,
would represent the array of all these outputs. Let vector ZSd (t) be the time domain version of this array. This is essentially the set of base-band outputs due to all discrete sources for a system in which all the ports R and C are receive ports with link characteristics identical to the actual receive port R. The actual base-band output can be obtained by taking the Fourier transform of (11) and applying the convolution theorem. One gets that
Z d o(t)=∫{circumflex over (X)}(t−t′)�Z Sd(t′)dt′ (13)
In (13) {circumflex over (X)}(t) is the transform of X(F). If the bandwidth of Uo(F) is sufficiently narrow, then X(F) can be approximated as its value at the center of the band. Representing this as X, equation (13) becomes,
Z d o(t)=X�Z Sd(t) (14)
Equation (13) or (14) is the base-band output due to all discrete sources. It is expressed as a sum over the antenna system ports (1 and 3 in FIG. 6). The array ZSd(t) would correspond to the outputs of an antenna array system if receivers were to be placed at these ports. "Smart antenna" systems make use of multiple outputs such as this. With a CPA the loads affect the vector X as can be seen from equation (10). It is instructive to imagine a set of receivers at the R and C ports to see the analogy between the CPA approach and the "smart antenna" approach. For the sake of argument as well as simplicity assume a narrow band receive system. In a "smart antenna" system the array processor would determine a suitable set of complex weights W and form the following sum over the elements,
Z sum(t)=W�(ZSd(t)+N(t)) (15)
A noise vector N(t) has been included in (15). This is the receiver noise referenced to the receiver input ports (or ports). For interference rejection the W vector would be adaptively chosen to minimize the sum channel power subject to suitable constraints. For the CPA approach the output would have the form.
Z(t)=X�Z Sd(t)+N(t) (16)
The receiver noise term is included in (16). Equations (15) and (16) have a similar form. They both combine the elements of ZSd(t). The difference is that the W variables are a set of weights applied to the element outputs after they have passed through a set of receivers. The X variables are actually part of the antenna system transfer function and are applied at RF before the signal passes into the single receiver system. The X vector is a function of the control load variables. The feed-back system affects this vector via its ability to set the control load values.
There are at least two distinguishing features that enable CPA systems to be very effective adaptable antenna systems. The first has to do with the fact that the signal and interference control is performed at the RF front end before down conversion and A/D conversion. Both A/D and down conversion impose limitations on the effective dynamic range of the received waveforms. The CPA applies control prior to these system-imposed limitations on dynamic range. The vector X represents this RF front-end control of a CPA. The phase and magnitude characteristics of this vector are adaptable and controlled by a set of active RF circuits in the aperture. The second has to do with the fact that these active circuits are used to control the impedances of parasitic components within the aperture of the radiating element. The coupling between parasitics and the receive port R can be designed to be fairly weak but not negligible. For such designs the coupling terms (elements of SRC S in (10)) would tend to range from about −10 to −15 dB. These appear to first order in X (see equation (10)). However, these terms appear to second order in the antenna impedance perturbations due to the loads. This is readily seen in the following expression, which shows how Se of
S e =S RR S+Δ S (17.1)
ΔS=S RC S�({tilde over (S)}C −S CC S)−1 �S CR S (17.2)
The portion of Se that depends on the control loads is ΔS. If the coupling terms are on the order of −10 dB to −15 dB, then the active loads can be varied without seriously degrading the antenna impedance. This is an important requirement since the efficiency of the antenna is maintained as the system adapts to filter out the interference via the influence the variable loads have on X. This does not preclude the possibility of designing the parasitics with somewhat stronger coupling. The latter would be important to a multifunctional CPA for which tunability would be the most desirable feature of the system.
The features described in the previous paragraphs provide significant advantages to adaptive antenna systems that make use of CPA concepts. These include:
Referring now to the drawings, which are intended to illustrate a presently preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting same, a basic block diagram of a CPA (controlled parasitic antenna) system is shown in FIG. 7. This drawing shows the antenna reference plane R (71), which could consist of one or more ports. The RF signal from R passes into a receiver feed network (78) and then to the receiver unit (77). Actually the latter could just as well be a transceiver, however, the emphasis in this description is on the adaptive nature of the CPA. This adaptability would be based on the receive mode of the system. The receiver unit passes the signal to some type of output device. A specific metric of the signal received at R is also passed to the adaptive logic/voltage control unit (74), which is part of the feedback and control loop. The feedback to the logic unit could occur pre-receiver (72) or post-receiver (73). Systems using both pre and post feedback are also envisioned. For pre-receiver feedback a power splitter would be placed in the receiver feed network to divert some of the signal to the feedback loop. Typically, this diverted signal would be conditioned in some manner such as with filters and down converters. Also, a low noise amplifier LNA may be placed before the splitter so that the diversion of some of the power does not adversely affect the noise figure of the system. In pre feedback the metric would typically be a measure of the power received in some frequency band. This could also be true for post feedback but the latter also allows many other possibilities—particularly in digital systems for which this metric could be directly related to the quality of the desired signal. The adaptive logic/voltage control unit (74) receives metric values at some frequency Fm and updates the settings of the control signals (75) at some frequency Fc. These control signals are the bias settings for each of the active control devices (76) in the control network (see (42) in FIG. 4). The control network impedance matrix (represented as SC in
One attribute of the invention is an antenna system that includes an active control feedback loop which regularly updates the control settings of active RF load circuits that are attached to parasitic elements in the antenna aperture. The purpose of the control feedback loop is to adapt the impedances of the parasitic elements in the antenna aperture so as to produce a front-end RF control of the received signals. The primary purpose for the use of parasitic elements is that this type of design allows the antenna to be resilient to detuning while at the same time it enables a considerable amount of RF front-end control of signals.
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text:
LAKE FOREST, Ill. -- Chicago Bears wide receiver Earl Bennett missed practice on Friday due to an illness but is expected to return to the practice field over the weekend, according to Bears head coach Lovie Smith.
The Bears are counting on Bennett, along with Devin Hester, to assume a larger role in the passing game Monday night since rookie wideout Alshon Jeffery has already been ruled out of the Lions game because of a fractured hand.
The Bears also rested veteran defenders Brian Urlacher and Julius Peppers on Friday. Both were listed on the official injury report as sitting out practice due to coach's decision.
Meantime, Hester (quad), linebacker Blake Costanzo (thumb) and cornerback Sherrick McManis (hip) all had limited participation.
This marked the first time Costanzo had practiced since he underwent thumb surgery during the Bears' bye week. The special teams standout practiced with a heavy tape job on his repaired thumb but is optimistic he'll be ready to play against the Lions.


text:
Sometimes you need a pair of fresh eyes to make you appreciate what you have on your doorstep. Much as we admire the beauty of the Alps, it's easy to take them for granted when they can be reached in a couple of hours. But bring an impressionable teenager over from Canada, and you discover how jaded we Europeans can be.
Mention Canada and you think Rockies. You don't think of tiny ski resorts in Ontario that grandly call themselves Blue Mountain when they're really a hill. My nephew Alex is snowboarding master of this "mountain", where it takes him less than a minute to go down the blackest run. It was time he tried something that would really test his snowboarding abilities and give him a taste of Europe too: a week in the Swiss resort of Zermatt, in the shadow of the Matterhorn. "Awesome." That became the word of the week, followed by "Wow" and "Is this for real?"
This enthusiastic response started on the train ride from Zurich and continued from Visp aboard the glass-ceilinged Glacier Express, which took us into Zermatt, looking magical with festive lights twinkling in the dusk. It carried on during our carriage ride to our luxurious hotel, Le Petit Cervin, afterwards at dinner, and then in one of Zermatt's lively bars, where 18-year-old Alex could have his first legal drink. (Ontario's drinking age is 19.) And it went into overdrive the next morning when we awoke to find the Matterhorn looming at us from our balcony.
We weren't getting our ski equipment for another day, so we spent the Sunday acclimatising to the high altitude. I noticed the difference in the air as the train took us to 2,222m at Riffelalp, in one of Zermatt's four main ski areas, to grab some lunch on the crowded terrace at Freddie's restaurant. An afternoon at the huge outdoor skating rink opposite our hotel was just the thing to clear the slight headache that came with the change in altitude. Alex gave me a quick lesson in skating backwards before he joined a group of Swiss boys playing ice hockey, easily keeping up with the standard on show. Well, he is Canadian.
Alex was itching to get on to the slopes, though. He was bouncing around like Tigger, waiting for Monday morning to arrive. I was excited too, although slightly more apprehensive: it was going to be my first time on downhill skis for 23 years. But at least Heidi, our rep, had everything ready for us: the equipment was at the Intersport shop on the ground floor of the hotel, and Stoked Ski School was just opposite.
The following morning Alex was handed over to Michaela, a 23-year-old snowboarding instructor from nearby Brig. As Alex was self-taught, it would do him good to have some proper instruction as well as an introduction to the ski areas and some backcountry runs. I was put in the capable hands of John, a cheerful British instructor who had full confidence in my ability to pick up where I left off 23 years ago. We took the gondola up to Trockener Steg, which sits under the Matterhorn and is graced with beautifully wide runs. A recent snowfall covered everything in thick powder, just the thing if you plan to fall down a lot.
I needn't have worried. I was astonished as ancient technique came back to me almost instantly. It must have been down to the crisp mountain air, the blinding blue sky and the incredible sense of space on the runs. By the end of the morning I was on a red run (albeit a gentle one) buzzing from an exhilaration I hadn't felt in more than two decades.
I met Alex for lunch at the Cervinia Pizzeria at Trockener Steg. He was elated too. On black runs that lasted half an hour, rather than the half a minute he was used to in Ontario, he'd had a glorious morning. Michaela even pointed out a few bad habits in his technique and gave him some useful tips. And it was blissful outside on the vast terrace, where the pasta tasted better in the sunshine.
Things didn't go quite as smoothly for me after lunch, which was rather frustrating. Still, there were more important things to focus on, namely introducing Alex to après-ski, Alpine style. Back in town, we tried the very trendy Snowboat bar, where Alex's first glass of glühwein went down with great pleasure. It wasn't the sort of bar for dancing on tables in ski boots (that would come later), and anyway, we had discovered the hotel's spa facilities the day before and rushed back to enjoy them.
Le Petit Cervin is the smaller sister hotel of the Mont Cervin Palace, one of Zermatt's grandest hotels. As they're connected by an underground passage, guests can use the Mont Cervin's impressive spa facilities, which include a huge indoor pool and indoor/outdoor Jacuzzis. Here, Alex's supposedly worldly, well-travelled aunt was as gobsmacked as her green nephew: the experience of standing outside in hot pulsating water in freezing temperatures and under gently falling snow was extraordinary.
Later that evening I took Alex to a fondue restaurant, another first for him. He enjoyed it, but not as much as the pizza and pasta dishes with which he'd been stuffing himself until then. Thank God for Italian food, when you've got a teenager who's a bit of a picky eater but needs a lot of fuel for his rangy 6ft frame. As Zermatt is right near the Italian border and shares its ski area with Cervinia, there were plenty of affordable Italian restaurants to choose from – not to mention restaurants such as GramPi's which also serves nachos, wings and the like.
The skiing got better for me as the week went on, even if I never did reach my previous peak. Alex, meanwhile, was pitting himself against some really tough backcountry runs and making the most of the snow park. There was also the unforgettable experience of taking the highest mountain lift in the world to 3,883m, from where we could see Italy clearly. We'd made friends with more of the staff, who were still in quiet low-season mode and were up for showing us the town. That included the raucous annual Australian Night at Nelly's Bar and a particularly boozy evening at the wonderfully riotous Papperla Pub, where singing loudly to naff pop songs is required behaviour.
It wasn't just the alcohol that made me notice how friendly Zermatt was: for such a swanky place its atmosphere is warm and fun, with people eager to chat on chairlifts, at restaurants, in bars. The town itself is beautiful, full of exquisite wooden buildings in the classic Alpine style, made more atmospheric by their heavy coating of snow. And everywhere you look, there's the Matterhorn, whose crooked peak had me utterly entranced.
By the end of the week, Alex had mentally moved himself to Zermatt, where he could snowboard all day, have a few beers in the Papperla Pub in the evenings. And perhaps one day he could afford to invite his favourite aunt back to the outdoor Jacuzzi at the Mont Cervin Palace.
Traveller's Guide
Getting there
Mary Novakovich travelled to Zermatt with Powder Byrne (020-8246 5300; powder byrne.com), which offers seven nights in a one-bedroom suite at the four-star Le Petit Cervin for £2,110 per adult, including return flights from Heathrow or London City, transfers and insurance. A week's ski pass costs £208 for adults and £185 for youths. Intersport (00 41 27 967 43 40; julensport.ch) offers five days' ski equipment hire from SFr172 (£92). Stoked Ski School (00 41 27 967 70 20; stoked.ch) offers half-day private lessons from SFr199 (£107) per person, and SFr20 (£10) for each additional person.
More information
Switzerland Tourism (020-7845 7680; myswitzerland.com). Zermatt Tourism (00 41 27 966 81 00; zermatt.ch).
- More about:
- Migraine
- Skiing
- Snow
- Snowboarding


text:
Closeouts. Whether you're casually pedaling the boardwalk on your cruiser bike or in long-distance race mode, the Skirt Sports Cruiser Bike Girl bike skort has everything you'll need for all-day comfort and performance: Breathable, wicking fabric, built-in shorts with chamois padding and fun, feminine style.
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text:
Willie Mosconi's pool cue, table on auction lot
PHILADELPHIA (AP) -- The family of billiards great Willie Mosconi (mos-KON'-ee) is selling his beloved pool cue, a personal pool table and other memorabilia at a weekend auction.
A Pennsylvania auction house handling the sale believes Mosconi's famed "Balabushka" cue could bring $100,000 at the auction in Chicago.
Mosconi won an unmatched 15 straight world championships from 1941 to 1957 and made a record 526 straight shots at a two-day exhibition in 1954.
Son Bill Mosconi of Philadelphia says the family no longer has room to store all of his father's keepsakes.
Willie Mosconi picked up the game at his father's poolroom in Philadelphia and was turning heads by age 6.
He became a TV personality in the 1970s and 1980s through televised exhibitions against rival Rudolf "Minnesota Fats" Wanderone Jr. and others.


text:
How Good was Tobias Rieder's 2011-12 Season?
Jonathan Willis
August 01 2012 03:06PM
Tobias Rieder is one of the more interesting prospects the Oilers have in their system. The German-born winger made the jump to the OHL last season and played well enough for the Oilers to draft him in the fourth round this year. In 2011-12 he exploded, scoring 42 goals and recording 84 points in 60 games.
How does that compare to other OHL forwards drafted in 2011?
Jason Gregor
August 01 2012 01:04PM
I don't know Jordan Eberle very well.
During the past two years I've chatted with him casually in the dressing room, interviewed him and did a few charitable events together, but I won't claim that I really know him. We aren't friends on facebook, which is clearly the foundation to a tight friendship in 2012, and we've never gone for dinner. However, I am surprised that after finishing tied for 15th in scoring last year that his production has become a lightning rod amongst some bloggers.
Forwards and NHLE - 2010 Draft
Scott Reynolds
August 01 2012 08:42AM
Over the last couple of days, I've looked at all of the forwards chosen in the 2012 and 2011 entry drafts. Today, we're moving on to the great Taylor v. Tyler debate of 2010. Two years out, those two players are still at the top of the pile, but many of the others in the top ten aren't yet playing in the NHL. If you've read the methodological explanations already, feel free to skip down to the results.
In the chart below, I've taken each player's goals, assists and points, converted them to a "per game" rate, multiplied them by the league equivalency number, and then expressed them as an "NHL equivalency" assuming an 82-game NHL season. As you may have guessed, each league has a different equivalency number. I've used this article for the translations from the KHL (multiply offense by 0.83), SEL (0.78), CZE (0.74), FNL (0.54), NCAA (0.41), WHL (0.30), OHL (0.30) and QMJHL (0.28),and this article for the translations from the USHL (0.27), AJHL (0.16), and BCHL (0.14). With these players getting older, there are now only a few leagues that have drafted players but no translations, and if you're playing there (ECHL, minor European league), that's probably a bad sign.
August 01 2012 07:11AM
I've always been fascinated by scouts. Their job is simple: identify talent and don't make mistakes. Easier said than done. The job involves long hours, miles and miles of bad road, horrible coffee and exotic places from Minsk to Minot. How DO they pick the great players out in a crowd? How are Stu MacGregor and his merry band doing?
Jason Gregor
July 31 2012 12:31PM
Since breaking his leg on September 30th, 2011 Taylor Fedun has been working tirelessly to get back on the ice. Every since that gruesome night in Minnesota the Princeton grad has been focusing on getting back on the ice and hopefully into the NHL. Countless hours with physiotherapists, athletic therapists, chiropractors and numerous other specialists has allowed him to turn that focus into a reality.
Earlier this month Fedun took part in the Oilers annual rookie development camp, the first real opportunity for him to see how far he'd come in his rehab. He felt good off the ice, but getting on the ice against players like Nail Yakupov would be a more accurate test for the 24-year-old.


text:
English to German translator for a 5000 words job
- Status Closed
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Project Description
Source language(s): English
Target language(s): German
Dear Translators,
Greetings to all!
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127385 Photoshop Experienced Person!
This project was awarded to waldosl for $15 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Project Description
I'm putting together an informational web site content related to consultant services helping individules that are
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FX's newest animated series "Chozen" premiered to decent ratings Monday night (Jan. 13), holding onto most of its "Archer" lead-in and drawing 1.8 million viewers over its three airings.
It's a pretty good start for a show that, in its own executive producer's words, is a little bit "dangerous."
"We like to try to figure out a way to take a subject or to take a person that usually an audience isn't used to rooting for or following, and you just figure out a way to make them used to it," executive producer Danny McBride ("Eastbound & Down") says Tuesday at the TCA winter press tour. "[We] figure out a way to kind of push boundaries to maybe reveal new truths that people weren't thinking before."
"Chozen" stars Bobby Moynihan as the title character: A gay, white rapper who's just out of prison and trying to launch his music career. It doesn't go so well, forcing him to move into his sister's college dorm room.
"We wanted to have a character in Chozen's life, a family member or a friend that knew him from way back and could kind of call him on any of his BS," creator Grant Dekernion says. "I figured a sister would be a good character for that.
"Then I just started thinking [of] the ages of him as a character and what his sister might be, and it seemed funny to me — you know, this is the last place you would expect an ex-con, to be sleeping in a dorm room in a liberal arts college. It just seemed like a fun place, and … there's, like, an odd symmetry with it. He went into prison when he was around 18, and now he's out. And so there's a little bit of an arrested development with him as well."
As for the potentially dangerous nature of the subject matter, rapper Method Man — who voices Phantasm — says that's what drew him to the material in the first place.
"It's making fun of hip hop. It's making fun of gay people. It's making fun of just the audacity of some of the artists that think they're just above the law and above the world on these pedestals and nothing can touch them," he says. "Why not? You gotta knock people off their horse every now and then, you know?"
"Chozen" airs at 10:30 p.m. ET Mondays on FX.