text:
Once encompassing as many as 9 species of pocket gophers spread across most of the Mexican Altiplano, the genus Pappogeomys is now restricted to a single species, P. bulleri, occupying the mountains, tablelands, and coastal plains near the western end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in west-central Mexico. Herein, we review the taxonomic history of Pappogeomys and examine relationships among populations of P. bulleri from throughout the geographic range of the species based on analyses of nonpreferentially stained karyotypes and mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Results of these analyses are concordant and reveal 3 major clades of P. bulleri that are separated by major physiographic features of the region, including the Sierra Madre del Sur and drainages of the Río Grande de Santiago, Río Ameca, Río Ayuquila, and Río Armería. We reduce the number of subspecies of P. bulleri from 9 to 5 valid forms and provide a revised synonymy of the species.
PappogeomysMerriam, 1895, is a monotypic genus of pocket gophers endemic to the states of Colima, Jalisco, and Nayarit in west-central Mexico. Pappogeomys is sister to Cratogeomys within the Geomyidae (Merriam 1895), and the phylogenetic position of these taxa relative to other geomyids was investigated 1st by Russell (1968a) based on morphological characters, then by Honeycutt and Williams (1982), DeWalt et al. (1993), and Demastes et al. (2002) based on molecular characters. Russell (1968a) examination of both fossil and extant geomyids led him to place Cratogeomys as a subgenus of Pappogeomys, and this taxonomy was followed by most authorities (e.g., Hall 1981; Patton 1993) until recently (Patton 2005). Because studies of molecular characters (e.g., Demastes et al. 2002; DeWalt et al. 1993; Honeycutt and Williams 1982) have documented considerable genetic divergence between Cratogeomys and Pappogeomys, most modern authorities have returned to the original taxonomy of Merriam (1895) in which Cratogeomys and Pappogeomys are recognized as valid genera (Hafner et al. 2008; Patton 2005).
The single species of Pappogeomys, P. bulled, is a small geomyid, with total length rarely >270 mm and body mass usually <250 g. The species occupies a wide variety of habitats, including forested highlands, mountain meadows, sparsely vegetated plains, and coastal lowlands from near sea level to >3,000 m at the western end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Fig. 1). In sharp contrast with virtually all other geomyids, P. bulled appears to avoid cultivated fields in valley bottoms. Specimens of P. bulled show the suite of adaptations characteristic of fossorial mammals, including a stocky build, fusiform shape, powerful jaws and incisors, large and powerful forelimbs, and reduced hind limbs and hips. Since its original description in 1892, P. bulled has been the subject of several taxonomic revisions in which authors have recognized 1 species with 2 subspecies (Merriam 1895), 1 species with 8 subspecies (Goldman 1939), 2 species with 8 subspecies (Russell 1968b), or 1 species with 5 subspecies (this study).
Taxonomic history of P. bulled.—In August of 1892, Oldfield Thomas described Geomys bulled from a single fluid-preserved specimen collected by Dr. A. C. Buller near the town of Talpa in Jalisco, Mexico (Thomas 1892). One month later, Merriam (1892), who was apparently unaware of Thomas' new species, described Geomys nelsoni from a series of 6 specimens collected by E. W. Goldman from the north slope of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, also in Jalisco, Mexico.
Realizing that Thomas' name, bullen, had priority over his name, nelsoni, Merriam synonymized nelsoni under bulled and recognized G. bulled as the type species of a new genus, Pappogeomys, in his 1895 monographic revision of the Geomyidae (exclusive of Thomomys). In that same publication, Merriam (1895) also described a new species, P. albinasus, on the basis of a single specimen collected near Guadalajara, Mexico. In the spring of 1897, E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman collected 25 additional specimens of Pappogeomys from Jalisco and Nayarit, and 42 years later Goldman (1939) published a revision of the genus based largely on those specimens. In his revision, Goldman (1939) synonymized Merriam's P. albinasus with P. bulled and recognized 8 subspecies of P. bulled: albinasus (Merriam 1895), amecensis (new), bulled (Thomas 1892), burti (new), flammeus (new), lagunensis (new), nayadtensis (new), and nelsoni (Merriam 1892).
In 1957, Russell recognized an isolated population of Pappogeomys from the mountains south of Lake Chapala as a new species, P. alcorni (Russell 1957). In his subsequent revision of the genus, Russell (1968b) recognized 2 species (P. alcorni and P. bulled) and 7 subspecies within P. bulled, including 5 of Goldman (1939) 8 subspecies (albinasus, amecensis, bulled, burti, and nayadtensis) and 2 new subspecies (infuscus and lutulentus). One year later, Genoways and Jones (1969) described an 8th subspecies of Pappogeomys, P. b. melanurus, from the mountains of southwestern Jalisco near the town of Tecomate.
Demastes et al. (2003) used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and morphometric data to examine the species status of P. alcorni and concluded that Russell (1957)P. alcorni warrants recognition only as a subspecies of P. bulled (P. b. alcorni). Thus, the genus Pappogeomys currently comprises a single species, P. bulled, and 9 subspecies: albinasus, alcorni, amecensis, bulled, burti, infuscus, lutulentus, melanurus, and nayadtensis. Herein, we reexamine relationships among populations of P. bulled based on nonpreferentially stained karyotypes and mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) sequences.
Materials and Methods
Specimens examined.—We examined 23 specimens of P. bulled from 11 localities (Fig. 1; Appendix I) for 2 mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b [Cytb] and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [Col]) and 1 nuclear gene (β-fibrinogen [β-fib]). One additional specimen (Fig. 1, locality 12) was sampled for Cytb only. Cytb sequence data for 4 specimens of P. bulled were taken from Demastes et al. (2002)—GenBank accession numbers AF302168 and AF302177), Demastes et al. (2003)— AF454094-AF454096 [3 fragments from a single specimen]), and DeWalt et al. (1993)— LI 1900). One β-fib sequence was taken from Spradling et al. (2004)—AY331249). Outgroup taxa consisted of specimens of Cratogeomys castanops, C. goldmani, C. fumosus, and C. merriami. Sequence data for these species were obtained from Demastes et al. (2002)— AF302161, AF302171, AF302176, and AF302179) and Hafner et al. (2004)—AY545538) for Cytb, Spradling et al. (2004)—AY331076, AY331077, and AY331243) for Col, and Hafner et al. (2005)—AY880903) for β-fib. The remaining specimens are new to this study and were collected using standard trapping methods approved by the American Society of Mammalogists (Gannon et al. 2007). Species designations follow the taxonomy of Hafner et al. (2004), (2005).
Chromosomal analysis.—Nonpreferentially stained chromosome preparations were made from 14 individuals from 9 localities (Appendix I) following the postmortem field protocol described by Hafner and Sandquist (1989). Diploid number (2n) and fundamental number (FN) were determined for each individual based on counts of at least 10 cells and inspection of several digital images from each individual.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis.—Whole DNA was extracted (DNeasy Tissue Kit; QIAGEN, Inc., Valencia, California) from 20–25 mg of tissue. Extractions followed the manufacturer's protocol, with the 2 final elutions of 100 µl combined for each sample. Extractions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction for the mitochondrial loci Col (1,551 base pairs [bp]) and Cytb (1,140 bp). Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing protocols were performed as described in Hafner et al. (2008). All sequenced regions received at least 2 times coverage, by sequencing in both strand directions or by repeated coverage using different sequencing primers and reactions. Sequences were submitted to GenBank (GenBank accession numbers EU880351-EU880373 for Col and EU880374-EU880394 for Cytb).
Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using PAUP* version 4.0b 10 (Swofford 2002) for maximum-likelihood analyses and MrBayes version 3.1.1 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003) for Bayesian analyses. Phylogenetic congruence of the locus-specific data was tested by the incongruence length difference test ("homogeneity partition test" of PAUP*) as a prelude to combining the separate locus-specific data into a single data set. MODELTEST version 3.7 (Posada and Crandall 1998) was used as an aid in selecting nucleotide substitution models used in phylogenetic analyses.
For maximum-likelihood analyses, branch support was estimated as nonparametric bootstrap support from 1,000 replicates of random taxon addition in a heuristic search using tree-bisection-reconnection branch swapping. All Bayesian analyses consisted of paired runs of 4 Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses each, using default settings and iterated for 107 generations sampled every 100 generations, and discarding the initial 500 trees sampled. In the default settings, elements of substitution rate matrices are assigned equal priors, equilibrium nucleotide frequencies have equal priors, branch lengths have an exponential prior distribution, and alternative topologies have equal prior support.
Nuclear DNA sequence analysis.—Sequence data were obtained for 23 specimens of P. bulled from 11 collecting localities. Amplification of the 7th intron of β-fib and a small portion (11 bp) of exon-8 was accomplished using the FIB-B17U and FIB-B17L primers of Prychitko and Moore (1997) as outlined by Spradling et al. (2004). β-fib polymerase chain reaction products were prepared for sequencing using the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (QIAGEN, Inc.). Sequencing reactions were performed at Iowa State University's DNA Facility using their ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, California). Sequences were aligned and heterozygosity was evaluated by eye using Sequencher 4.1.2 software (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, Michigan). Sequences were submitted to GenBank (GenBank accession numbers EU880395-EU880416). Sequences were analyzed using parsimony (PAUP* version 4.0b 10—Swofford, 2002).
Chromosomal variation.—Each of 8 individuals from 5 populations (populations 2, 4, 7, 9, and 10 in Fig. 1) for which 2n and FN could confidently be determined possessed identical nonpreferentially stained karyotypes with 2n = 56 and FN = 106 (Fig. 2). These karyotypes had approximately equal numbers of metacentric-submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes, a single pair of small-to-medium acrocentric chromosomes, and a unique pair of large subtelocentric (nearly acrocentric) chromosomes (Fig. 2). The Y-chromosome is a small acrocentric and the X-chromosome is a large metacentric chromosome. Although poor-quality preparations precluded confident determination of 2n and FN in 6 additional individuals, specimens from localities 1,5, and 6 possessed the 2 characteristic pairs of acrocentric and subtelocentric chromosomes.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis.—The amount of locus-specific sequence obtained varied across samples. As a result, all 1,551 bp of Col data and 1,011 bp (positions 130–1,140) of Cytb were retained for analysis (total of 2,562 bp). Alignments resulted in nucleotide variability across samples and loci consisting entirely of substitutions (no indels). Two nucleotide substitution models were chosen for use in the maximum-likelihood and partitioned Bayesian analyses. In MODELTEST terminology, the models (with number of free parameters) were GTR+I (9) for Cytb and TVM+I+G (9) for Col. These were drawn from the 95% Akaike's information criterion (95% AIC) credibility set constructed by MODELTEST and included the best-supported models as indicated by MODELTEST AIC. One maximum-likelihood tree was recovered for each analysis, and all Bayesian analyses converged on stationarity of tree log-likelihood values within 1,000 generations.
Independent phylogenetic analyses of the Col and Cytb data returned very similar topological results (data available on request). The only difference (discussed below) involved placement of the sample from locality 1 (Fig. 1). The incongruence length difference test found no significant incongruence between the 2 data sets (P = 0.532), so the Col and Cytb data sets were combined in subsequent maximum-likelihood analyses, which used the GTR+I+G model.
In both the maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses, P. bulleri was monophyletic relative to the outgroups, and outgroup selection did not affect topology within P. bulleri. In all analyses of both genes, ingroup specimens from 10 of the 12 localities were consistently separated into 3 major clades: 1 from the highlands of southern Nayarit and central Jalisco ("Northern Highlands clade"), another from the highlands of western Jalisco ("Central Highlands clade"), and the 3rd from the lowlands of coastal Jalisco and Colima ("Coastal Lowlands clade" [Fig. 3]). The latter 2 grouped together in all analyses with ≥99% bootstrap support in the maximum-likelihood analysis and 1.0 posterior probability in Bayesian analyses of both genes.
The sample of P. bulleri from coastal Nayarit ("Coastal Nayarit clade" [Fig. 3]) was consistently placed as the outgroup to all other samples of P. bulleri, except in the maximum-likelihood analysis of the Cytb sequences, in which the coastal Nayarit sample was grouped with the Northern Highlands clade with weak (61%) bootstrap support. DNA extracted from a study skin of the presumed extinct subspecies, P. b. alcorni (Fig. 1, locality 12) by Demastes et al. (2003) yielded only 427 bp of Cytb. Phylogenetic analyses in which Cytb samples from all specimens were trimmed to 427 bp consistently placed P. b. alcorni ("Eastern Highlands clade") near the base of the tree, creating a polytomy (Fig. 3). Thus, in total, 5 phylogenetic lineages were identified: 3 major clades, each represented by specimens from several localities within distinct physiographic regions (i.e., Northern Highlands, Central Highlands, and Coastal Lowlands), plus the Coastal Nayarit and Eastern Highlands clades, both detected at single localities.
Substructure within the 3 major clades of P. bulleri also was consistent across analyses of mtDNA. Within each clade, samples clustered in accordance with an isolation-by-distance model, with geographically close samples grouping together to the exclusion of more distant samples. The only exception was 1 of 3 individuals from El Jazmín, Jalisco (CNMA 43265 from locality 7; see Appendix I for museum acronyms) that grouped consistently with a specimen collected >150 km away near Mascota, Jalisco (LSUMZ 36580; locality 5) rather than with the other 2 specimens collected at the El Jazmín locality. CNMA 43265 from El Jazmín and the Mascota specimen were identical at the Cytb locus and showed only 2 differences (1 transition [TS] and 1 transversion [TV]) at the Col locus. In contrast, CNMA 43265 from El Jazmín showed 3.8% (uncorrected p-distance) and 4.0% (Kimura 2-parameter [K2P] distance) Cytb divergence (35 TS, 4 TV) and 2.9% (p-distance) and 3.0% (K2P distance) Col divergence (38 TS, 7 TV) from the 2 other specimens of P. bulled collected on the same day at the same locality (the other 2 individuals were identical at both loci). DNA contamination or accidental switching of tissues can be ruled out because laboratory errors of that sort would have caused CNMA 43265 from El Jazmín to be identical to the Mascota specimen at both, rather than just 1, of the 2 mitochondrial loci. It appears that the pocket gopher population at El Jazmín contains 2 divergent Cytb haplotypes, 1 of which is very similar to that at Mascota. This conclusion is supported by nuDNA evidence, in that all 3 individuals collected at El Jazmín, including the individual with the divergent mtDNA haplotype, share the same β-fib allele.
Nuclear DNA sequence analysis.—Of the 434 bp of the β-fib intron-7 examined, there were 9 nucleotide positions that varied in the 23 specimens of P. bulled sampled. All variable nucleotide sites were in the intron. There were 6 unique β-fib alleles (Figs. 3 and 4), and 1 individual (TTU 45109 from Chamela) showed a pattern of nucleotide heterozygosity consistent with it being the result of the combination of the D and P alleles. One allele (P) matched the outgroup (C. merriami, GenBank AY331243) at all sites that were variable within the ingroup, thus parsimony analysis using outgroup rooting placed this allele as the most likely ancestral sequence to all other alleles (Fig. 4). This presumed primitive allele (P) was found in 4 populations of P. bulled (localities 1, 2,4, and 8) that span the range of the species, and this allele likely represents a retained ancestral allele in each of these populations. Parsimony analysis of β-fib allele sequences yielded a tree with no apparent homoplasy; alleles A-E each appear to be independently derived from the P allele sequence (Fig. 4). Patterns of β-fib allele sharing generally were consistent with results from the mtDNA sequence analysis (Fig. 3); allele A was found only in the Central Highlands clade, allele E was found only in the El Mixcoate-Armería subclade of the Coastal Lowlands clade, and alleles B and C are unique to individual clades. The single disagreement between the mtDNA and β-fib results involves allele D, which appears to unite the Mascota individual (locality 5) from the Central Highlands clade with the Chamela (locality 8) and La Huerta (locality 9) individuals from the Coastal Lowlands clade.
Our karyotype of P. bulled (2n = 56) disagrees with the 2n = 58 karyotype reported for the genus by Honeycutt and Williams (1982):214). The report of Honeycutt and Williams (1982) was based on a personal communication from R. J. Baker, and the 2n = 58 karyotype was not figured and locality information and museum specimen number for the karyotyped individual were not provided. Although the report of Honeycutt and Williams (1982) suggests presence of 2n variation within P. bulled, our finding of identical karyotypes (2n and FN) in specimens representing 4 of the 5 genetically defined lineages within P. bulled suggests absence of chromosomal variation.
The combined mtDNA and nuDNA data sets support a well-resolved tree with 3 major clades and 5 lineages within P. bulled (Fig. 3). The Central Highlands clade occupies the mountains and plateaus above 1,000 m elevation east of the main arc of the Sierra Madre del Sur (Fig. 5). This clade is approximately 4.5% (Cytb uncorrected p-distance; 4.6% K2P distance) genetically divergent from the Coastal Lowlands clade and is separated from that clade by the intervening Sierra Madre del Sur and the common drainage of the Río Ayuquila and Río Armería. All specimens of the Coastal Lowlands clade collected to date have occurred below approximately 500 m elevation. To the north, the Central Highlands clade is separated from the Northern Highlands clade by the Río Ameca drainage (Fig. 5). The Central Highlands clade is approximately 7% (Cytb uncorrected p-distance; 7.2% K2P distance) genetically divergent from the Northern Highlands clade, which extends from the vicinity of Guadalajara, Jalisco, west into southern Nayarit at elevations between 1,000 and 3,000 m. The combined Central Highlands and Coastal Lowlands clades show approximately 7.5% (Cytb uncorrected p-distance; 7.4% K2P distance) genetic divergence from the Northern Highlands clade. Finally, specimens from the Coastal Nayarit clade (locality 1) and the Eastern Highlands clade (locality 12) show an average of almost 8% (Cytb uncorrected p-distance; 8.3% K2P distance) genetic divergence from all other clades of P. bulled (Fig. 5). These rather high levels of genetic divergence between clades of P. bulled, plus the fact that multiple individuals from certain localities and clades (e.g., 7 of 8 individuals from the Ahuacatlán locality, and 5 of 6 individuals from the Central Highland clade) are fixed for unique β-fib alleles suggests that the clades of P. bulleri have been separated genetically for a long period of time. However, observed levels of Cytb divergence within P. bulleri are consistent with those measured between 4 conspecific clades of C. fumosus (average uncorrected p-distance = 7.4%, range 4.0–8.8% [Hafner et al. 2004]) and 26 conspecific populations of Thomomys bottae (average p-distance = 11.8%, range 0.8–15.8% [Smith 1998]).
The single disagreement between the mtDNA and β-fib results—presence of the β-fib D allele in populations that belong to different mtDNA clades (Fig. 3)—could result from retention of a primitive allele in the Central Highlands and Coastal Lowlands clades (which are sister clades), allelic convergence, or from secondary contact between these clades. The possibility that the D allele signals a special phylogenetic relationship between specimens from localities 5, 8, and 9 is contradicted by morphological evidence. All specimens of the Coastal Lowlands clade (P. bulleri burti; see "Taxonomic Conclusions") are exomorphologically distinguishable from all other specimens of P. bulleri by presence of short, sparse pelage that is dark gray in color. The specimens from localities 8 and 9 share this feature with all other members of the Coastal Lowlands clade (Fig. 3), whereas the specimen from locality 5 has the longer, browner pelage characteristic of animals of the Central Highlands clade (P. b. bulleri).
Relationships among chewing lice hosted by Pappogeomys. —In their morphological investigation of chewing lice (Geomydoecus) hosted by P. bulleri, Price and Hellenthal (1989) recognized 2 species and 5 subspecies.of lice whose distributions showed little correspondence with the distributions of the 9 currently recognized subspecies of P. bulleri (Fig. 1). However, louse distributions match very closely the distributions of the genetically defined clades of their hosts identified in this study (Fig. 5). For example, the louse subspecies Geomydoecus b. bulleri is restricted to populations of pocket gophers belonging to the Central Highlands clade (localities 5–7 in Figs. 1 and 5). Three taxa of lice (G. b. melanuri, G. b. intermedius, and G. burti) are restricted to hosts of the Coastal Lowlands clade (localities 8–11), and the louse Geomydoecus nadleri is restricted to populations of P. bulleri from coastal Nayarit (locality 1) plus populations of hosts belonging to the Northern Highlands clade (localities 2–4).
Although gophers from coastal Nayarit (locality 1) are not closely related to gophers of the Northern Highlands clade (localities 2–4), these clades probably come into contact in southeastern Nayarit, which may explain presence of the same louse species (G. nadleri) in both clades.
Taxonomic Conclusions
The 9 currently recognized subspecies of P. bulled were described almost entirely on the basis of differences in body size and pelage coloration (e.g., Genoways and Jones 1969; Goldman 1939; Russell 1968b), characteristics that are now known to be highly labile in pocket gophers. The ecopheno-typic plasticity of body size in pocket gophers has been amply demonstrated (Hafner et al. 2008; Patton and Brylski 1987; Smith and Patton 1988; Wilkins and Swearingen 1990), and it is widely known that pelage color can vary dramatically in pocket gophers, even among closely related and geographically proximate populations (e.g., Krupa and Geluso 2000).
The limited taxonomic value of the characters used to define the current subspecies of P. bulled (body size and pelage coloration) may explain why the genetically defined clades identified in this analysis (Figs. 3 and 5) show little correspondence to traditional subspecies boundaries (Soler-Frost et al. 2003; Patton 2005; Fig. 1). Instead, the boundaries of the genetically defined clades show close correspondence to key physiographic features in this region of Mexico, including major river drainages and mountain chains (Fig. 5).
We have chosen to recognize subspecies within P. bulled based primarily on genetic groups rather than retain subspecific determinations based on morphological characters that we know to be of limited taxonomic value in pocket gophers. Our recognition of subspecies is in agreement with genetic definitions outlined by Lidicker (1960), (1962) and expanded by Endler (1977). Patton and Smith (1990) and Hafner et al. (2008) used similar logic to reduce the number of subspecies in the pocket gophers they studied by 67% and 85%, respectively. Analyses of mtDNA and nuDNA were generally concordant in defining 3 major clades and a total of 5 lineages within P. bulled, which we herein recognize as subspecies.
PappogeomysMerriam, 1895
GeomysThomas, 1892:196. Type species Geomys bulled Thomas.
PappogeomysMerriam, 1895:145. Redesignation of Geomys bulled Thomas. The genus Pappogeomys is monotypic.
Pappogeomys bulled (Thomas, 1892) Buller's Pocket Gopher
(Synonymy under subspecies.)
Geographic range.—Endemic to west-central Mexico, including portions of southern Nayarit, central and southern Jalisco, and Colima. Patchily distributed in a wide variety of habitats, including forested highlands, mountain meadows, sparsely vegetated plains, and coastal lowlands. Elevational range sea level to approximately 3,000 m.
Description.—Body size small for family. Total length rarely exceeds 270 mm, and most individuals are much smaller (approximately 200–230 mm). Pelage medium in length and covering most of body, except in coastal form (P. b. burti), which has short, sparse pelage. Color varies geographically from light brown to dark gray. Most specimens have a small nasal patch consisting of white or pale buff y hairs. Tail is usually naked, white, and less than one-half the combined length of the head and body.
Pappogeomys bulled albinasusMerriam, 1895
P. albinasusMerriam, 1895:149. Type locality "Atemajac, a suburb of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico." Type specimen adult female, skin and skull, United States National Museum number 34138/46215, collected 21 May 1892 by E. W. Nelson, original number 2654.
P. b. albinasusGoldman, 1939. First use of current name combination.
P. b. infuscusRussell, 1968b:610. Type locality "Cerro Tequila, 10,000 feet, 7 mi. S and 2 mi. W Tequila, Jalisco, Mexico."
P. b. nayaritensisGoldman, 1939:94. Type locality "Jalisco [Xalisco], about 10 miles south of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico (altitude 5,000 feet)." Part, only specimens east of approximately —104.7° longitude are referable to P. b. albinasus as it is currently understood.
Geographic range.—Known from sparsely vegetated plains and forested slopes of central Jalisco and southeastern Nayarit between the drainages of the Río Grande de Santiago and the Río Ameca. Longitudinal range from approximately −103° (vicinity of Guadalajara, Jalisco) to approximately −104.8° (east of Tepic, Nayarit). Elevational range approximately 1,000–3,000 m.
Comments.—Pappogeomys b. albinasus is equivalent to the "Northern Highlands clade" as defined genetically in this report (Fig. 3).
Pappogeomys bulled alcorniRussell, 1957
P. alcorniRussell, 1957:359. Type locality "4 mi. W Mazamitla, 6600 ft, Jalisco, Mexico." Type specimen adult female, skin and skull, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History number KU 39806, collected by J. R. Alcorn on 18 October 1950, original number 12835.
P. b. alcorniDemastes et al., 2003. First use of current name combination.
Geographic range.—Known only from vicinity of type locality in the forested mountains south of Laguna de Chapala. Elevation approximately 2,000 m.
Comments.—Pappogeomys b. alcorni is equivalent to the "Eastern Highlands clade" as defined genetically in this report (Fig. 3). This subspecies is known from only 4 museum specimens, all collected between the years 1950 and 1966, and recent attempts have failed to locate individuals in the wild (Demastes et al. 2003). In April 1993, the authors (MSH, DJH, JWD, and TAS) set traps for pocket gophers on a steep, densely forested hillside about 8 km (by road) west of Mazamitla. The leaf litter was thick, making it extremely difficult to locate active burrows. The narrow diameter of the burrows suggested that their occupants were P. b. alcorni (and not individuals of the much larger species C. fumosus, which was abundant in the nearby agricultural fields), but we were unable to capture a specimen. We returned to this locality in March of 1997 and found no active burrows in the forested areas, but again noted high levels of activity of C. fumosus in the surrounding meadows and agricultural fields.
Pappogeomys bulleri bulleri (Thomas, 1892)
Geomys bulleriThomas, 1892:196. Type locality "Talpa, Mascota, Jalisco, Mexico, 8500 feet." Type specimen adult female preserved in alcohol with skull extracted, British Museum of Natural History number 18126.96.36.199, collected by A. C. Buller (date of collection and original number unknown).
G. nelsoniMerriam, 1892:164. Type locality "north slope of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, Jalisco, Mexico (altitude 1,980 meters or 6,500 feet)."
P. bulleriMerriam, 1895. Redesignation of Geomys bulleri.
P. b. bulleriGoldman, 1939. First use of current name combination.
P. b. amecensisGoldman, 1939:97. Type locality "mountains near Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico (altitude 6,500 feet)."
P. b.flammeusGoldman, 1939:95. Type locality "Milpillas, 5 miles southwest of San Sebastian, northwestern Jalisco, Mexico (altitude 3,800 feet)."
P. b. lagunensisGoldman, 1939:96. Type locality "La Leguna, Sierra de Juanacatlan, northwestern Jalisco, Mexico (altitude 6,500 feet)."
P. b. lutulentusRussell, 1968b:612. Type locality "Sierra de Cuale, 7,300 feet, 9 km N El Teosinte (= Desmoronado), Jalisco, Mexico."
Geographic range.—Patchily distributed in the Sierra Madre del Sur and tablelands of west-central Jalisco south of the Río Ameca drainage and east of the Río Ayuquila and Río Armería drainages. Known elevational range approximately 1,000–3,000 m.
Comments.—Pappogeomys b. bulleri is equivalent to the "Central Highlands clade" as defined genetically in this report (Fig. 3).
Pappogeomys bulleri burtiGoldman, 1939
P. b. burtiGoldman, 1939:97. Type locality "Tenacatita Bay, southwest coast of Jalisco, Mexico." Type specimen adult female, skin and skull, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan number UMMZ 81017, collected by W. H. Burt on 19 February 1938, original number unknown.
P. b. melanurusGenoways and Jones, 1969:748. Type locality "7.5 mi. SE Tecomate, 1500 ft, Jalisco, Mexico."
Geographic range.—Coastal plain and foothills of Colima and Jalisco west of the Sierra Madre del Sur. Elevational range from near sea level to approximately 500 m.
Comments.—Pappogeomys b. burti is equivalent to the "Coastal Lowlands clade" as defined genetically in this report (Fig. 3).
Pappogeomy bulleri nayadtensisGoldman, 1939
P.b. nayadtensisGoldman, 1939:94. Type locality "Jalisco [Xalisco], about 10 miles south of Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico (altitude 5,000 feet)." Type specimen adult male, skin and skull, United States National Museum number USNM 88124, collected by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman on 10 April 1897, original number 10886. Goldman (1951):201) lists the town of Jalisco as "… about 5 miles south of Tepic," and the present-day town of Xalisco is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Tepic, Nayarit. Part, specimens east of approximately −104.7° longitude probably are referable to P. b. albinasus.
Geographic range. —Known only from the forested mountains west and south of Tepic, Nayarit. Elevational range 1,000–1,500 m.
Comments.—Pappogeomys b. nayadtensis is equivalent to the "Coastal Nayarit clade" as defined genetically in this report (Fig. 3).
We thank our Mexican collaborator, F. A. Cervantes, and his students J. Alvarez and L. Guevara for their hospitality and helpful field assistance in Mexico. J. A. Fernández provided the Spanish translation of the abstract. We appreciate the assistance of J. Mason at the University of Northern Iowa. P. Jenkins, Natural History Museum (London), kindly provided information on the holotype specimen of Geomys bulleri. This research was supported by National Science Foundation grants 0236957 (to DJH) and 0343869 (to MSH), and an undergraduate research (SOAR) award from the University of Northern Iowa (to J. Mason).
Literature Cited
Appendix I
Specimens examined.—Specimens of Pappogeomys bulled new to this study are housed in the Mammal Collection of Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science (LSUMZ) or in the Collection Nacional de Mamiferos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CNMA). Specimens also used in previous studies of P. bulled (Demastes et al. 2002, 2003; DeWalt et al. 1993) are housed in the Museum, Texas Tech University (TTU) or the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas (KU). All specimens were collected in Mexico, and all were used in the molecular analyses. Specimens designated by "[k]" also were used in the chromosomal analysis. Locality numbers (in parentheses) are indicated in Figs. 1, 3, and 5. COLIMA: (10) 1 km SE El Mixcoate, 530 m (CNMA 43269 [k]); (11) 4 km S Armería, 10 m (LSUMZ 36563 [k], CNMA 41925 [k]); JALISCO: (3) Cerro Tequila, 7 miles S, 2 miles W Tequila, 2,900 m (LSUMZ 36082); (4) 1 km SW La Primavera, 1,585 m (LSUMZ 36565 [k]); (5) 9 miles NW Mascota, 1,300 m (LSUMZ 36580 [k]); (6) 20 km S Ameca, 2,223 m (LSUMZ 36581 [k]); (7) El Jazmín, 1,763 m (LSUMZ 36578, CNMA 43265 [k], 43266, 43267); (8) 5 km 5 Chamela, adjacent to N side of Chamela Station (TTU 45109); (9) 8.6 km (by road) SW La Huerta, 374 m (LSUMZ 36562 [k]); (12) 3 miles (5 km) WSW Mazamitla, Sierra del Tigre (KU 61328); * NAYARIT: (1) La Libertad, 10 km NE Jalcocotán, 1,034 m (LSUMZ 36574 [k], CNMA 43263 [k]); (2) 8.4 km W Ahuacatlán, 1,100 m (LSUMZ 34338) and 8 km W Ahuacatlán, 1,000 m (LSUMZ 36567 [k], 36568 [k], CNMA 41927 [k], 41930–41933).


text:
Choisissez votre concours pour en découvrir les nouvelles locales.
Dernières nouvelles du Quarry Life Award
17 jan 2017
HeidelbergCement 6th biodiversity book now online!
"Butterflies and other insects in quarries and gravel pits - What's buzzing and crawling in mineral extraction sites" is the sixth volume of the HeidelbergCement book series on "Biodiversity in Mining Sites". Free download is now available. En savoir plus
09 jan 2017
Snapshot at the International Award Ceremony 2016 - Brussels 9 December
Sharing good memories of the International Award Ceremony 2016! En savoir plus
14 déc 2016
Introducing our international winners 2016
En savoir plus
09 déc 2016
2016 international winners revealed!
The third Quarry Life Award competition has now come to a close, and it is time to reveal the international winners and their incredible projects... En savoir plus
06 déc 2016
National winners announced!
After much deliberation by the national juries, the results of the national contests are now in... En savoir plus

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sites to download free movies for iPad
5 sites to download free & high-quality movies, then convert to .mp4 to watch the free movies on iPad.
- Best sites to download free music for iPod, iPhone 5s (5c/5/4s/4), iPad, iTunes and MP3 Player
- Sites to download free movies for iPad
- Play Blu-ray Movies on PS4
- How to Play Blu-ray on Wii-U and Wii
- 3 Ways to Play Flash on iPhone 6 (Plus)
- How to Convert H264 to MP4/AVI and Play on Computer/DVD
- Is KEEPVID Safe? 4 Things You Should Know about KEEPVID.
- Top 5 iTunes alternatives to transfer files to iPhone
- Best Free Video Player Apps for Kindle Fire HDX Review & Download
- Put Video from Phone to DVD
Sites to download free movies for iPad
What's the best device to watch movie? It's gonna be iPad. With the retina screen on the latest version of iPad, people can get extreme wonderful experience when watching a movie on iPad. iTunes store is known as its large capacity of videos and songs, but unfortunately they are charging and sometimes a bit experience.
So here I collected some sites which offers free movie download. (Note: Sometimes there are piracy movies in these sites, please identify the copyright risk yourself.)
This team is pretty famous in PirateBay, they are famous for the excellent computer skills. In general, they can provide a 720P movie with less than 1GB in size. And they are offering movies totally free, there are no watermarks or ads in the video.
Access to this site: http://yify-torrents.com/
Another wonderful site just like YIFY, the only flaw is they require user to register to get the videos. And another shortage is people must install a tool called "Graboid" to download a moive. According to their description, this tool is similar with emule or kazaa.
Access to this site: http://www.hydronite.com/
I regard it as the Wikipedia in media area, it collects 1,356,392 movies, 119,084 concerts, 1,682,646 recordings and 4,738,239 texts for now. Many videos collected by this site is pretty precious, like those videos shot in 1920s. Anyone can watch videos online or download to local for free and without any form of registration.
Access to this site: http://archive.org/
This site is kinda like a search engine, it doesn't provide any movie itself. When people search a movie on this site, it brings many results from other sites, and will order those results with video quality. After my tests, the collected results indeed work. But I don't like this site, everytime I click on a item, there will pop out a new advertisement window, it's totally boring.
Access to this site: http://www.1channelmovie.com/
With these 4 sites, we can download thousands of high quality movies for free. And don't forget the PirateBay, eMule, uTorrent and Zune.
Make the movies format suitable for iPad
Getting a movie doesn't mean we can watch it on iPad even after syncing it via iTunes, because iPad only accept video in .mp4 format, and there are other rules about the encoding standard and resolution.
Not a tech-savvy? Don't worry. With ImElfin Video Converter even baby and the aged can use it to convert any video to iPad. For how to use this software, we have already compiled a super detailed guide, please visit this page to learn how to use this software.
In the output options, choose your iPad model in the list below, this will gurantee you get the most perfect video for your ipad.
Then you only need to sync the .mp4 file to your iPad via iTunes. Go to "Videos" app, you can watch the newly converted free movie for iPad comfortably.
these articles will help you:
imelfin Christmas promotion
1. Universal 30% off coupon code, IMELFIN-XMAS.
You can use this coupon code to get 30% off on any program of us, not only the programs listed on this page.
2. Buy more save more.
If buy multiple products together, you can get an extra 10% off, that is 40% off in total. No coupon code required.
So locky


text:
Pinebrook Motel
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this motel rated in the past?
Travelers also looked at:
TripAdvisor Reviews Pinebrook Motel Lake George
Travel Blogs from Lake George
Fort Edward, lock #7
... and their historical society has done a wonderful job of marking sites, but I find it loud and busy for a small town. The park area we are in however is very peaceful.... all we here are ducks and blue jays. We will move on to Lock # 5 in a day or so where we are told we can dock overnight in a pretty park, and then on to Mechanicville at Lock #3. ...
Entering the Champlain Canal system: Whitehall
... trade. Captain Skene built saw mills, grist mills and an iron foundry, where trade can be documented from that time.The Revolutionary War caused the capture of Skene's trading schooner and the building of a fleet by Benedict Arnold at this place. Because of the Revolutionary War actions, the New York State Legislature, in 1960, declared the legacy that names Whitehall as the Birthplace of the United States Navy. The Whitehall harbor also produced ships ...
Paddling with Otto and Milo on the Hudson
Thanks to Otto, I was able to squeeze in another paddle before the end of my season. He drove all the way down to the lower Hudson at Lake Luzerne from Saranac Lake to accommodate me. His grandson Milo was staying with him so I got to meet him.
I had a map, but managed to get a bit lost on the way. I tried to call Otto but no cell service. Then I got a call from him saying he was running late and lost. ...
Travels with Nick and Nora
... as Leroy, NY and Oneida, NY before arriving here on July 24. It is wonderful to be here with everyone. The household is as busy as ever with one new schedule added. Emma has her first paying job. She wears a pink hat and shirt and sells The Pink Sheet outside Saratoga Springs race track. She is learning very quickly that earning money can be hard work. We plan to leave here at the end of August which doesn't give us much time so we will pick up JC in ...
Ahrrrr!!! Pirate Day!!
... black flies that cause quite a stir on the raft as people smacked each other in attempts to kill the miniature beasts. Well we survived the rafting trip and headed out to our next destination of Vacation Village in the Berkshires, a timeshare just outside of Albany across the MA border. We arrived safetly and checked in to our hotsy totsy new accommodations complete with a bed and TV's. Looking forward to what our new location can provide entertainment wise, we retire for the night.


text:
Blues for Mr. Baldwin
After a wild night of partying, James Baldwin (Charles Reese) wakes into a morning nightmare. For one thing, the man he brought home from a neighborhood bar has vanished, taking all the cash out of his wallet. For another, he and a group of distinguished black celebrities are scheduled to meet Attorney General Robert Kennedy at the ungodly hour of noon. What's worse, his multiple phone lines won't stop ringingLorraine Hansberry, Lena Horne, and Harry Belafonte want to talk about their plan for asking the president to escort a black student into a segregated school, while his trick from last night calls to say he's also stolen the only copy of Baldwin's recently finished novel. Clearly aspirin alone won't be enough to relieve this mega-hangover.
In James Baldwin: Soul on Fire (Henry Street Settlement), playwright Howard Simon conjures up a dilemma that neatly captures the conflict Baldwin faced between his art and his activism. Should he show up for the meeting with Kennedy and fight for equal educational opportunities, or should he pay off his blackmailing boyfriend and get back his manuscript? If the situation sounds pat, that's not how it comes across under Chuck Patterson's lively direction, which mixes sly comedy with old-fashioned call-and-response preaching.
Reese passionately inhabits Baldwin's character, making the somber-eyed author a bit more extroverted than he appears on a briefly shown video clip. Forrest McClendon, who impersonates the rest of the characters in this New Federal Theater production, transforms from a diva singer to a ghetto hustler in a single snap. Sadly, after last Wednesday's show, the actors reported that the playwright had passed away earlier that day. Their work pays tribute to Simon's own fiery soul.
Get the Theater Newsletter
Get a rundown of upcoming theater events and ticket deals in New York.
In Case You Missed It
Upcoming Events
Hamilton (NY)
TicketsTue., Feb. 21, 7:00pm
Hamilton (NY)
TicketsWed., Feb. 22, 2:00pm
TicketsWed., Feb. 22, 2:00pm
Hamilton (NY)
TicketsWed., Feb. 22, 8:00pm
Sponsor Content


text:
Publication Name: New Braunfels Herald Zeitung
Location: New Braunfels, Texas
Pages Available: 250,382
Years Available: 1952 - 2013Learn More About This Publication
New Braunfels Herald Zeitung (Newspaper) - August 23, 2011, New Braunfels, Texas ■pSTAMMTISCH HERALD-ZEtTUNG.cOM I Tuesday, August 23,2011 ] 9 To have your event publicized, email plannerChflrsld-ztMung.com or call Kate Thomas at (830) 625-9144 txL 222. Post your events online at herald-ztHung.comThis Week NB Art League Presents; "Land and Sea" When: Aug. 2-30 Where: New Braunfels Art League, 237 W. San Antonio St. You should know: Reception 5-8 p.m. Aug. 5. NB Ajax Youth Soccer Club Academy Open Enrollment When: Aug. 15-26 Where: Weston Soccer Fields, off Doeppendschmidt Road Contact: [email protected] You should know: For boys and girls 7-9 years old. Practice ís 5:30-6:45 p m. Monday and Wednesday for boys, Tuesday and Thursday for girls. Adult College Prep Class Registration When: Noon to 1 p.m. Aug. 24 Where; Alamo University Center, 8300 Pat Booker Road, Live Oak Contact: (210) 370-5707 You should know: Classes will be Sept. 25 to Oct. 25. DivorceCare When; Aug. 24-Nov. 16 Where: Oakwood Baptist Church Counseling Center, 176 S. Hickory Ave. Contact: (830) 627-7006 Guadalupe County Master Gardeners Trdining Class When: Noon to 4:30 p.m. Aug. 24-Dec. 7 Where; St. Paul Evangelical Church, 108 S. Main, Cibolo Contact; www.guadalupecounty- mastergardeners.org You should know: Registration is $170. Information and application online. Readers Theatre Program: "Dandelion Wine" When; 4-6 p.m. Aug. 25 Where; Bulverde/Spring Branch Library You should know: Selected chapters from Ray Bradbury's "Dandelion Wine" have been adapted for theater People who enjoy reading aloud are encouraged to take part with prepared script copies. Parts for five readers. Everyone is welcome to come listen. Cub Scout Registration When: 7-8 p.m. Aug. 25 Where; Carl Schurz Elementary cafeteria, 633 W. Coll St. Contact: (830) 620-9144 You should know: Join in the fun in Cub Scout Pack 133. All boys in first through fifth grades are welcome. Man to Man Prostate Support Group Meeting When; 6-7 p.m. Aug. 25 Where; Christus Santa Rose Rehab Center, 750 Landa St. Contact: (830) 625-3252 Texas Hunting Heritage Banquet When: 6 p.m. Aug. 25 Where: McIntosh Party Hall, Hwy 46 W., Spring Branch Contact: (210) 861-0405 You should know: Hosted by the Guadalupe River Chapter of the National Wild Turkey Federation. Fundraiser for the conservation of wild turkeys and hunting heritage. Includes raffle, silent and live auctions, and gun sales. Contact the local chapter for ticket information. Girl Scouts Registration Rallies When: 5:30-7:30 p.m. Aug. 25 and 31; 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Aug. 27 New Braunfels Breakfast Lions When; 7 a.m. second and fourth Tuesdays Where: Fork and Spoon in the Marketplace Shopping Center Contact: Call Jay at (830) 837-2195 You should know: New memberships available. Cancer Warriors Group When: 7 p.m. second and fourth Tuesday Where: Oakwood Counseling Center, 176 S. Hickory Ave. Contact: (830) 627-7006 You should know: Patients, caregivers and survivors of all ages with all types of cancer meet for discussion. Senior Center Skat Spielers When: 12:30 p.m.Tuesdays Where: Comal County Senior Center Art and Creative Expression When: 9 a.m, to 3 p.m. Mondays, NBHS CLASS OF 1961 Photo submitted The committee members of the New Braunfels Class of 1961 have been busy planning for the NBHS 50th Class Reunion. Plans are to kick oft the weekend activities with the Fair Parade on Sept. 23. There will be golf on Sept. 24 for the men. A lunch will be held for women on Saturday Saturday evening will include dinner at McAdoo's. The class will bid goodbye to classmates at Schobels on Sunday morning at breakfast. The committee is still looking for classmates. If you can help them, eniiail Sara Kaye (Winegeart) McBride with information, questions or comments at [email protected] Shown in the front row, from left, are Joan Nelson, Mary Helen Camarillo, Mary McIntosh, Diana VollbrechI and Sara Kay McBride. Shown in the back are Terry Burto, Mary Ann Fox, Erna Lou Wittenborn and Judy Osteen, Where; Girl Scout House, 345 Howard St. Contact; (830) 609-7855 or (210) 349-2404 ext. 227 You should kow; Learn about Girl Scout membership and volunteer opportunities for adults. Honoring LBJ's Legacy: Lighting the Hill Country When; 10 a.m. Aug. 26 Where; PEC's £, Babe Smith building, Johnson City You should know; Ceremony will unveil Texas Historical Marker. Reception following and exhibit opens at 3:30 p.m. Dance with the Platters from Branson When; 7-11 p.m. Aug. 26 Where; Knights of Columbus Contact; Brauntex, (830) 627-0808 You should know; "Fifties" fundraising party for Brauntex renovation. Diner food, auction items. $60 for individual, $500 for table of to. Tickets on sale now.This Weelcend S.T.A.G.E. Theatre Arts Classes Registration When; 10 a.m. to noon Aug. 27 Where; Krause House Theatre, 1300 Bulverde Road, Bulverde Contact; (830) 438-2339 You should know; Theatre Arts classes for youth will be at 4:30-6:30 p.m. Mondays starting Sept, 12. Classes for 13 to adult will be 7-9 p.m. Mondays. Show and Tails Dog Fair and Flea Market When: 10 a.m Aug. 27 Where; KoC Hall, 111 Landa St. Contact; [email protected] or (830) 387-4917 Canyon Lake Hawks Youth Football & Cheer Association Pep Rally, BBQ and Silent Auction When; 3-8 p.m. Aug. 27 Where; Practice fields next to CRRC Contact; www.clhyf.org or [email protected] You should know; Barbecue, carnival activities, punt, pass and kick competition, silent auction, DJ music, cheerleader dress rehearsal and more. Guadalupe County Master Gardeners When: 9 a.m. Aug. 27 Where: Schertz Community Gardens, 1101 Elbel Road Contact: [email protected] You should know: Learn about fall vegetable gardening. Spiritual Discussion When: 10:30 a.m. Aug. 27 When; New Braunfels Public Library Contact: (830) 885-2818 You should know; Texas Satsang Society presents free discussion on "How to Find God through Past Lives, Dreams and Soul Travel." "Be My Baby" Auditions When: 4 p.m. Aug, 28 Where: Krause House Theatre, 1300 Bulverde Road, Bulverde Contact; (830) 438-2339 Sunday Afternoon Country Dance When; 3-6:30 p.m. Aug. 28 Where: Geronimo VFW, 6808 N. Hwy 123, Geronimo Contact; www.geronimotexasvfw.org or (830) 303-9903 Youth Car Wash When: 1 p.m. Aug. 28 Where: Wash Werks, 1864 S. Walnut Ave, You shouldk now: Peace Lutheran's youth group is earning their way to the National Youth Gathering in New Orleans in 2012.Coming Up Alzafar Shrine Circus When: 4:30 p.m. Aug. 29 Where: Comal County Fairgrounds You should know; Cost is $12-16 to see tigers, elephants and daredevils. 2011 Gruene Hall Fundraiser When: 6-9 p.m. Aug. 30 Where: Gruene Hall Contact: (210) 704-3726 \bu should know: Development Council will host fundraiser for Christus Santa Rosa ^ New Braunfels. Music by Rick Cavender, Don Forres and Pete Williams. Trckets are $50 each or $500 for sponsorship table of eight. AARP Safe Driving Class When; 1-5 p.m. Aug. 31 Where: Tye Preston Memorial Library Contact: (520) 271-8549 You should know: Reservations required. Gardening Series When; 10 a.m, Sept. 1 Where: Bulverde/Spring Branch Library You should know: Certified Master Gardener Lee Franzel will present about Hill Country homescapes. Free and open to the public. Cross Culture: Kinect at Friedens Church When; 5-8 p.m. first and third Fridays starting Sept. 2 Where; Friedens Church, 2555 Friedens Church Road, Seguin You should know: Time together gaming and Kinect-ing. All ages welcome, under 12, bring parent. Video games, ping pong, sports, food and worship music. First and third Fridays beginning Sept. 2. Bicycle Rodeo and Family Festival When; 6 p.m. Sept. 3 Where: Community Fellowship Presbyterian Church, 6761 FM 1102 You should know: Bicycle rodeo for kids features obstacle course, "Entry fee" is a donation of school supplies to Communities in Schools. Bring bike and helmet. Registration opens at 5:30 p.m. There will also be a free bounce house and outdoor family games. Festival food available for purchase. Pack 119 Registration When; 10 a.m. Sept, 3 Where; Wesley Halt, 572 W. San Antonio Ave. Contact: (830) 626-3749 or http://pack119nbbc.org Yxi shouW know: For boys in first through frfth grades to join Cub Scouts. 63rd Annual Fiesta When; 6:30-11:30 p.m. Sept. 3-4 Where; St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church, 624 E. Hopkins, San Marcos Contact: www.st-johns.com SARR/Dry Comal Whine 5 Mile Run When; 8 a.m. Sept. 5 Where: Dry Comal Winery, Hwy 46 Contact: (210) 601-5647 You should know: Register online at saroadrunners.com or in person at Johnson Furniture. Cost is $20 for SARR members, $25 for non-members and $30 race-day registration. SARR Dry Comal Whine Run When; 8 a.m. Sept. 5 Where: Dry Comal Vineyards, Hwy. 46 Contact: www.saroadrunners.com or (210)601-5647 You should know: Cost is $25, Register online. BlKrHDAYS ► Ursula FleckrODAY'S CLliHS, MEKTINCS, SUPPORT Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays Where; River City Advocacy, 145 Landa St. You should know; Art therapy for adults with mental illness. All supplies provided. Knights of Columbus No. 4183 Meeting When; 6:30 p.m. fourth Tuesdays Where: KC Hall, 111 Landa St. Contact; (830) 625-2279 You should know; Fraternal meeting with first degree initiation; 7:15-dinner. Free Counseling with an LPC Intern When: 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays Where: River City Advocacy, 145 Landa St. You should know: Call for appointment. Begins Aug. 24. GriefShare When: Tuesdays Where: Oakwood Counseling Center Contact: (830) 627-7006 GEDTest Center When: 4:45 p.m. Tuesdays and Wednesdays Contact: www.judsonisd.org or call (210)619-0352 You should know: English and Spanish test administration available. For registration Precious Life Crisis Services Classes and Workshops When: Tuesdays and Saturdays Time: 9-11 a.m., 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday, 4-6 p.m. Tuesday Where; Precious Life Crisis Center Contact: (830) 372-5980 or www.preciousiifeservices.com You should kriQw; Six, eight and twenty week classes. VOLUNTEER Comil County Senior CItizwi ThriH Store Duties: Sorting ck)th68, tagging, customer contact and light lifting. Available times: 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. weekdays, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturdays. Informatk)n: (830) 629-4547 Volunteer Rainfall Observer Duties: The Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) is a nattonwide, non-profit, volunteer, rainfall reporting network. Nattonal Weather ^rvice meteorologists depend on a network of rainfall observers to provkte accurate and timely "ground truth' precipitaticp reports on a daily basis. If you are interested In being a volunteer rainfall observer, please go to http://cocorahs.org/ or you may contact the Austin/San Antonio Nattonal Weather Servtee (www.srh.noaa.gov/ewx) via email to [email protected] [email protected] Comal County Habitat for Humanity Duties: Volunteers must be 16 or order. No pr^ious experience needed. Commit to a day or two per month. Construction and office helped needed. Available times: Saturdays 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., weekday opportunities also available. Information: WWW comalhabi-tat.org or (830) 625-7005 American Cancer Society Annual Golf Tournament: Duties:Coordinator Assistant for tournament held each October. Information: Robert Acevedo (830) 237-9759(9am-4pm) American Cancer Society Road to Recovery: Duties; Drive ambulatory cancer patients to area treatment facilities. Good driving record. Training provided by ACS. , Information: Paige DeLeon 1-800-227-2345(9am-4pm) American Cancer Society Reach to Recovery: Duties: Visits by breast cancer survivors for women undergoing or recovering from breast cancer. Information: Beck Voges (830) 625-1666(9am-4pm) American Cancer Society Relay for Life: Duties; Committee members promote relay activities in support of cancer survivors and caretakers, Event held annually, late April at area high schools. Information: Sindy Alvarado (830) 606-3239(9am-4pm) RSVP America Reads Program Duties: Volunteer tutors must like helping K-3rd grade children by reading to them or with them. Commit to a couple of hours a week during school hours (8 a.m. to 2 p.m.) at the school of your choice. We will train you and provide teaching materials. Information: [email protected] or (830) 632-7769 New Braunfels Community Chorale When: 7-9 p.m.Tuesdays Where: Eden Home, Friendship Room, 631 Lakeview Blvd Contact; (830) 832-7476 or ckgreenleaf @ gmail .com You should know: We sing popular, classical, religious and patriotic music. Please join us if you love to sing. Dues are $20 person/ $30 couple. New Braunfels Skat Spielers When: 6:30 p.m. Tuesdays Where: Elks Lodge Meditation/Book Review When; 10 a.m. Tuesdays Where; Unity Church of Practical Christianity, 408 Gruene Road Contact: (830) 608-9515 You should know: Now studying "Spontaneous Evolution" by Lipton and Bhaerman. Canyon Lake Celtic Dancers When; 10 a.m. to noon Tuesdays and Thursdays Where; Community Resource and Recreation Center, 25 Mabel Jones Dr. Contact; (830) 964-3630 You should know; Ceili dancing is Irish social dancing. Newcomers are welcome anytime. Come watch us dance and/or experience your first dance session. A $1 donation to the CRRC requested. Abuse Survivors' Group When; 5:30-6:30 p.m.Tuesdays Where: Crisis Center of Comal County Contact; (830) 620-7520 You should know: The support group is for survivors of family abuse. All services are free. Hill Country Chorus When: 7 p.m.Tuesdays Where: First Baptist Church, Santa Clara and Cross streets Contact; Jim Chatelle, (830) 624-0511 or visit hillcountry-chorus.org You should know: Community members are invited. ;


text:
We rely on your generous donations of funds, food and time. Support The Food Bank today.
The Food Bank of Western Massachusetts is committed to feeding our neighbors in need and leading the community to end hunger.
You have the power to change lives. Every $1 provides 3 meals. Donate today.
The Food Bank is working with our community partners to ensure that everyone has access to healthy food, regardless of their circumstances.
We rely on your generous donations of funds, food and time. Support The Food Bank today.
Our work wouldn't be possible without the dedication of our volunteers. Support The Food Bank's efforts to put an end to hunger.
Since 1982, The Food Bank of Western Massachusetts has been feeding our neighbors in need and leading the community to end hunger. We distribute food to our member agencies in Berkshire, Franklin, Hampden and Hampshire counties.
February 25, 12 – 2 p.m.
Hadley Farms Meeting House, Hadley, MA
Cook and COMPETE or just come to EAT! If you call it chili, cook it.Learn More
February 25, 6:30 – 9:30 p.m.
Deerfield Arts Bank, South Deefield Village, MA
Join art collectors Jane Trigère and Ken Schoen for an auction of paintings, curiosities, furniture, and more. All proceeds will be donated to seven non-profit agencies, including The Food Bank.Learn More
Saturday, March 4, 2017
Look Park, Northampton, MA
Registration is now open for the 24th Annual Western Area Massachusetts Dietetic Association (WAMDA) 5K Run/Walk to be held on March 4, 2017 at Look Park in Northampton. All fundraising proceeds will be donated to The Food Bank.Learn More
Thursday, May 4, 2017, 5:30 p.m.
Quonquont Farm; Whately, MA
A straight up bartending competition to benefit The Food Bank of Western Massachusetts featuring some of the area's best bartenders competing to mix up the most delectable and creative cocktails using ingredients sourced from local farms.Learn More


text:
- Home
- Blogs
- Community
- Big Game Hunting
- Regional
- Firearms
- Archery
- Muzzleloader
- Gear Bag
Connecticut Hunting News
Connecticut DEEP Offers Fall Outdoor Safety Tips
The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) is offering fall outdoor safety tips for outdoor enthusiasts. Fall is a beautiful time to be outside, and with a few precautions, it offers different users the opportunity to enjoy the state's natural wonders.
October 8th to be a "Free Fishing Day" in Connecticut
No fishing license will be required to fish in Connecticut on October 8. Excellent opportunity for anglers to introduce their sport to others.
The Department of Energy & Environmental Protection (DEEP) has designated Saturday, October 8th as a "Free Fishing Day" where no fishing license will be required to fish in Connecticut waters. This opportunity will be available to both residents and non-residents and applies to both inland and marine waters.
Connecticut DEEP Begins Fall Trout Stocking
Trout Parks and TMA's among the areas being stocked
Connecticut Closes State Parks, Campgrounds in Advance of Hurricane Irene
Governor Dannel P. Malloy today announced that all Connecticut State Parks will close at sunset on Saturday due to the approach of Hurricane Irene and that all state park campgrounds will close at noon on Saturday unless weather conditions dictate an earlier closing. State Parks and campgrounds will remain closed until further notice.
Connecticut Migratory Bird Hunting Season Dates Set
The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) today announced the dates for the 2011-2012 migratory bird hunting seasons, which include seasons for hunting ducks, geese, woodcock, snipe, and rails. Specific details on season dates, bag limits, regulations, and other reminders are published in the 2011-2012 Migratory Bird Hunting Guide, which will be available from DEEP and town clerk offices by early September.
Connecticut DEP Merges to Become the Dept. of Energy and Environmental Protection
The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) came to life today, July 1, charged with the dual responsibilities of creating a new energy future for the state and protecting Connecticut's environment and natural resources.
DEEP Commissioner Daniel C. Esty said, "With the launch of our new agency, Connecticut is taking a positive step forward to fulfill Governor Malloy's vision of building a sustainable and prosperous economy for the future. We will be a national leader in integrating energy and environmental policy.
Connecticut DEP Investigating Large Cat Sighting
The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) announced it is cooperating with the Town of Greenwich Police Department to investigate recent sightings of a large cat in the King Street area of Greenwich. Based on photographs taken of the animal and other evidence it appears that the animal is a mountain lion that has been held in captivity and was released or escaped. There is no native population of mountain lions in Connecticut and the eastern mountain lion has been declared extinct by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Connecticut Turkey Season Runs Through May 28th
The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) reminds hunters that the 2011 Connecticut spring wild turkey hunting season runs through May 28.
This year will mark the 31st consecutive year that sportsmen have hunted turkeys in Connecticut. The statewide turkey population is estimated at approximately 35,000 birds. Healthy and numerous wild turkey populations exist throughout the majority of Connecticut's woodlands. Last spring, 7,389 hunters took 1,245 bearded turkeys.
2010 Connecticut Deer Season Closes With Near Perfect Safety Record
The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP)20 announced that with the close of 2010, Connecticut sportsmen enjoyed another safe and productive deer hunting season. More than 64,000 deer hunting permits are issued annually and deer hunters spend nearly 450,000 days afield each year. Two minor incidents were reported, one involving the discharge of a firearm. No firearms-related injuries were reported during the 2008 and 2009 deer hunting seasons.
Connecticut 2011 Hunting Guide Available Online
The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection announced that the 2011 editions of the Connecticut Angler's Guide and the Connecticut Hunting and Trapping Guide will be available online on the agency's web site in early January.


text:
Determine if function is suitable for code generation
coder.screener(fcn_1,...,fcn_n )
coder.screener( analyzes
the entry-point MATLAB® function,
fcn. It
identifies unsupported functions and language features as code generation
compliance issues. It displays the code generation compliance issues
in a report. If
fcn calls other functions directly
or indirectly that are not MathWorks® functions,
coder.screener analyzes
these functions. It does not analyze MathWorks functions.
It is possible that
coder.screener does not detect
all code generation issues. Under
certain circumstances, it is possible that
coder.screener reports
false errors.
coder.screener( analyzes
entry-point functions (
fcn_1,...,fcn_n )
Name of entry-point MATLAB function that you want to analyze.
Comma-separated list of names of entry-point MATLAB functions that you want to analyze.
coder.screener function
identifies calls to functions that are not supported for code generation.
It checks both the entry-point function,
and the function
foo2 that
foo1 calls.
Analyze the MATLAB function
foo1 that
foo2. Put
foo1 and
foo2 in
separate files.
function out = foo1(in) out = foo2(in); disp(out); end
function out = foo2(in) out = eval(in); end
The code generation readiness report displays a summary of the
unsupported MATLAB function calls. The function
foo2 calls
one unsupported MATLAB function.
In the report, click the Code Structure tab and select the Show MATLAB functions check box.
This tab displays a pie chart showing the relative size of each file and how suitable each file is for code generation. In this case, the report:
foo1.m green to indicate
that it is suitable for code generation.
foo2.m yellow to indicate
that it requires significant changes.
foo1.m a code generation
readiness score of 4 and
foo2.m a score of 3. The
score is based on a scale of 1–5. 1 indicates that significant
changes are required; 5 indicates that the code generation readiness
tool does not detect issues.
Displays a call tree.
The report Summary tab indicates
foo2.m contains one call to the
eval function
which code generation does not support. To generate a MEX function
foo2.m, modify the code to make the call to
eval extrinsic.
function out = foo2(in) coder.extrinsic('eval'); out = eval(in); end
Rerun the code generation readiness tool.
The report no longer flags
that code generation does not support the
eval function.
When you generate a MEX function for
foo1, the
code generator dispatches
eval to MATLAB for
execution. For standalone code generation, it does not generate code
for it.
coder.screener function
identifies language features that code generation does not support.
Analyze the MATLAB function
call_nested that
contains a nested function.
function z = call_nested(A) z = nested_fun(A); function z = nested_fun(A) z = A(1); end end
The code generation readiness report indicates that nested functions are not supported for code generation.
The report assigns the code a code readiness score of
This score indicates that the code requires significant changes.
Before generating code, you must fix the reported issues.
Before using
fix issues that the Code Analyzer identifies.
Before generating code, use
coder.screener to
check that a function is suitable for code generation. Fix all
the issues that it detects.


text:
From correspondence with David.
Brendan Eich wrote:
> Thinking it through again, I see an earlier mistake that led to the
> version-selection requirement that does us no good in hiding from old
> browsers: again, the reason e4x=1 is required to enable E4X in full is to
> avoid breaking the HTML "comment hiding hack".
> But any E4X comment literal usage is unlikely to be the first thing (excluding
> whitespace) in a script tag.
Good point! A script-hiding comment is useful only if it is the first token in
the script. I suppose it is possible to construct examples where an XML literal
begins with a comment that is the first literal. But in common usage, any such
XML literal would be assigned to a variable first. I think it would be safe to
disambiguate in this way.
Must-fix for 1.8b5/fx1.5 -- should be a small patch.
Created attachment 196746 [details] [diff] [review]
bonus, optimize js_GetToken's line-dirtying a bit, by avoiding branch-tests
This reduces JSOPTION_XML to an option enabling scanning of <!-- as an XML
comment, instead of a "skip to end of line" marker for the old Netscape-2-era
HTML comment hiding hack. That's it. :: and @ are scanned, #if
JS_HAS_XML_SUPPORT and without any run-time option/version check.
mrbkap, this required pushing your automagic JSOPTION_XML enable/disable code
down into ParseXMLSource (which was a fix anyway, since it made 'l = new
XMLList(...)' auto-enable, as well as 'x = new XML(...)').
This motivated an overdue (or just-in-time!) change to track an E4X spec-fix as
it goes to ISO: ECMA-357 evaluates @a or *::b or * to undefined if the XML name
is not found in the scope chain! See 11.1 3(a)(i). The change to throw a
ReferenceError affects js.msg and js_FindXMLProperty's uses and definition.
I had made this a strict warning upon discovering it when implementing
ECMA-357. It's really a bug when you consider that, e.g., given no @b in the
scope chain, @b = 42 fails (as it should), but @b not on the left-hand side of
an assignment silently evaluates to undefined.
Bob, the testsuite may not cover the weird old behavior -- can you adjust if it
does, or add tests if it doesn't? Thanks.
Comment on attachment 196746 [details] [diff] [review]
bonus, optimize js_GetToken's line-dirtying a bit, by avoiding branch-tests
Argh, forgot to copy up new patch.
Created attachment 196747 [details] [diff] [review]
the right patch
This might break sites that use the "comment hiding hack" in unusual ways. For
example, if a single script tag contains two <!-- --> blocks, Firefox currently
executes the scripts inside both blocks.
(In reply to comment #5)
> This might break sites that use the "comment hiding hack" in unusual ways. For
> example, if a single script tag contains two <!-- --> blocks, Firefox currently
> executes the scripts inside both blocks.
Do you know of any real-world examples?
We could eliminate TSF_DIRTYINPUT and use only TSF_DIRTYLINE, but then valid E4X
code such as
var a_very_very_very_very_very_very_very_long_name =
<!-- an XML comment that did not fit on the above line -->;
would miscompile.
(In reply to comment #6)
No, I have it! We just need to clear TSF_DIRTYINPUT after a --> that matches a
non-E4X <!--, and we're back in the game! Ah, compatibility. Interdiff coming
up to avoid whole-patch redo (for now).
Created attachment 196749 [details] [diff] [review]
interdiff for last patch, as promised
Just review with this applied in your head, or in your tree!
No, I don't know any real-world examples of sites that use the "comment hiding
hack" in unusual ways.
Created attachment 196822 [details] [diff] [review]
better patch, handle adjacent HTML comments closed by // -->
Comment on attachment 196822 [details] [diff] [review]
better patch, handle adjacent HTML comments closed by // -->
sr=shaver if you switch to setting oldopts from JS_SetOptions' return value,
instead of directly peeking in cx.
Comment on attachment 196822 [details] [diff] [review]
better patch, handle adjacent HTML comments closed by // -->
>Index: jsxml.c
> XML(JSContext *cx, JSObject *obj, uintN argc, jsval *argv, jsval *rval)
XMLList needs the same treatment.
mrbkap: thanks, sorry I doubted you without reading XMLList (but pushing the
auto-enable code down to the common sub-subroutine would have been righteous
even before this bug ;-).
Fixed on trunk.
Created attachment 196836 [details]
testcase, could use some framework help
I'll attach a branch patch shortly.
(In reply to comment #14)
testcase+ if _you check the test case in_, testcase? if you need work on it and
need it to be checked in.
I need to gomb and set up an area for browser only tests which do not have a
place in the shell oriented test library before this can go it. Soonest.
Created attachment 196854 [details] [diff] [review]
branch version of what's in the trunk
This is all a big deal for Firefox 1.5 and JavaScript 1.6 / E4X. David
Flanagan (cc'd on this bug, author of the O'Reilly JS book) will be documenting
the way this all works. It's baking on the trunk, but it should go into the
branch for b5, probably not at the last minute (or not when I'm in Estonia next
week, unless someone else does the honors).
Fixed on the 1.8 branch now.
Checking in regress-309242.js;
/cvsroot/mozilla/js/tests/js1_6/Regress/regress-309242.js,v <-- regress-309242.js
initial revision: 1.1
<http://test.bclary.com/tests/mozilla.org/js/js-test-driver-quirks.html?test=js1_6/Regress/regress-309242.js;language=type;text/javascript;version=1.5> passes in 1.8/trunk
<http://test.bclary.com/tests/mozilla.org/js/js-test-driver-quirks.html?test=js1_6/Regress/regress-309242.js;language=type;text/javascript;version=1.6> fails in 1.8/trunk.
Does version 1.6 automatically turn on e4x?
verified fixed 1.8.x and trunk.


text:
Founded by Fabi Reyna (formerly of Chain & The Gang), She Shreds Magazine is dedicated to educating, inspiring, and encouraging future and current musicians by highlighting female guitarists and bassists from all over the world. She Shreds strives to raise awareness for under represented female guitarists and to cultivate the presence of women in the music industry, with hopes of making an impact that reaches far beyond the boundaries of gender to encourage radicalism, respect and revolution.
Issue #1: This soon to be rare 24 page magazine is full of interviews, articles, reviews, resources, and a whole lot of badass women who play guitar. Only a few of these are left!
Issue #2: includes interviews with shredders like Marnie Stern and Mary Timony, "Wild Flower" guitar tabs by Maybelle Carter, how to make your own pedal board, and a pedal glossary that breaks down the types of effects common in the pedal world.
Issue #3: Sit on the beach, listen to the waves and read about surf music in issue three! Inside you'll find interviews with Seattle's groundbreaking new band, La Luz [members of The Curious Mystery], '90s surfer babes The Trashwomen, classical guitar goddess Ana Vidovic, how to make your own guitar slide and never before published photographs from America's 20th century mandolin craze.
Issue #4: focuses on the pioneers of punk with a 6 page spread introduction. This issue includes exclusive interviews with the one and only Kim Gordon alongside Marisa Paternoster (Screaming Females), Toody Cole (Dead Moon), and Miss Alex White (White Mystery). Not to mention Talking Heads and Neo Boys guitar and bass tabs.
Issue #5: features cover girl Gabriela Quintero of Mexico city's most dynamic duo, Rodrigo y Gabriela.
Issue #6:
Shonen Knife
How Four Magazines Changed Pop-Culture Forever
Shredding In The '90s - 50 Influential Guitarists
Sadie Dupuis
Shannon Shaw
DIY Recording: How To Make A Bedroom Record
Tabs: The Breeders - "Cannonball"
Album And Gear
Issue #7


text:
You may be eligible to download Office 365 Education for free. Find out how.Give me my Office
Create dynamic learning experiences in and outside of the classroom with applications that deliver the power of a PC and the mobility of a tablet. Discover all that Office 365 Education has to offer.
All your notes at your fingertips.
Create interactive reports, presentations, and stories
Present interactive online video presentations
Meet on your own schedule from anywhere.
Save all your files and access them anywhere
Publish and share schoolwork
Communicate in more ways.
Build A+ presentations.
Learn together how you want, when you want. Create and collaborate on documents with others and keep everyone organized and up-to-date with shared notebooks. Stay in touch with Office mobile apps across Windows, Android™ and Apple® devices.Get my free Office
Schoolwork includes a lot of information, and OneNote helps you, your students, and your teachers capture it all, on all your devices. With it, everyone can stay organized, share lessons, work together, and even spark their creativity. OneNote Class Notebook is a flexible digital framework for teaching and learning. OneNote Class Notebooks have a personal workspace for every student, a content library for handouts, and a collaboration space for lessons and teamwork.Learn more about OneNote
Sway is a new digital storytelling app from Office that is great for project or problem-based learning. Teachers can create interactive web-based lessons, assignments, project recaps, newsletters, and more—right from a phone, tablet, or browser. Students can collaborate and use Sway to create engaging reports, assignments, projects, study materials, and portfolios. Sways are easy to share with the class or the world and look great on any screen.Learn more about Sway
Find scalable, secure, enterprise solutions designed for schools that are built on Office 365. Supported by a robust partner ecosystem, you are sure to find a solution that is tailored to meet the needs of your school or campus.Find Office 365 school solutions from Microsoft partners
Training is available from Microsoft to help educators stay current with the right mix of student-focused technology. Explore our educator community to connect with others and find lessons to inspire your classroom. Find lesson plans, templates, and guides. Plus, on-demand training is available.Find educator trainingFind a lesson
Research shows the among the top 20 most required skills, proficiency in using Office (#4) and PowerPoint (#16) were two of the top required skills along with oral and written communication skills, problem solving, integrity, and detail orientation.Read more


text:
Perfect for work, home or who youre on the move, this brilliant little notebook contains 2 tear-off pads for lists and reminders. Just pop it in your handbag for a beautifully organised life.
Thank you for visiting Busy B To Do Notes, Pink Floral on shoppingfind.co.uk
We bring the products from many websites to one website for you to search, save and compare.


text:
Kelvin Gastelum feels his optimal weight class is welterweight, but admits to blowing up 40 to 50 pounds above it outside of camp. read news >>
After blowing his UFC 205 weight cut, Kelvin Gastelum is never again going to get the opportunity to try and fight at welterweight in the Octagon. read news >>
From Yahoo Sports: Something about blowing a 21-point lead at Tennessee appears to have struck a nerve with Kentucky, which is once again dominating opponents. Saturday's 89-62 victory over the Gamec read news >>
The bagpipes will be blowing and the leather will be throwing as the Octagon heads to Scotland. On July 18, the UFC will return to the United Kingdom and, for the first time, hold an event north of read news >>
CM Punk has a message for all of the people blowing up his Twitter account with disparaging remarks about his upcoming UFC debut: If you don't like it, "shut the f—k up and don't watch the fight." It read news >>
UFC president Dana White knew it would be a rough road – at least on the promotional front – when he signed Nick Diaz to fight Georges St-Pierre at UFC 158 on March 16 in Montreal. read news >>
Mixed martial arts fans in the U.K. can stop blowing up UFC president Dana White's Twitter account, the UFC is on a return course to the U.K. sometime in September. read news >>
During this past weekend's UFC 112 event in the Middle East, UFC broadcaster Joe Rogan suggested headliner Demian Maia's badly swollen eye could have been the result of the fighter blowing his nose b read news >>


text:
Many institutions of college acquirements are alms Sports Administering courses to their students. Alignment is a accomplishment that is learnt from birth. However you can absolute it through a academic education. Able-bodied managed antic contest are what draw people's absorption in those accurate sports.
The sports administering amount programmes offered in abounding colleges and universities are meant to advice you altered antic events' alignment skills. Abounding of these sources go by altered names, but the basal basics are the same. For instance, Sarlem University offers a Sports Administering advance beneath the adroitness of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. In Ashford University, they action a BA amount in Sports and Recreation Management. The Grand Canyon University has a Sports Administering advantage in their Bachelor of Science in Business Administering amount program.
These sports administering courses accouter you with accepted administering and administering skills. They aswell advice you apprentice how to plan and advance sales and business strategies for a accurate antic event. You aswell apprentice abundant about commercial and accident promotion, ability management, accessible relations, recruitment, apprenticeship practices and sports administration. Some of the courses aswell accord you an overview of the acknowledged aspects of assertive sports as able-bodied as basal bloom and assurance measures for a sports team.
You accept to accept a affection for sports in adjustment to excel in these sports alignment and administering courses. You accept to aswell be complex in a assertive action or two in adjustment to accept a applied compassionate of the course.
If you can not acquisition the sports administering advance getting offered in a campus abreast you, you can attending up some online institutions that action the aforementioned degree. Make abiding that the online institutions that you are planning to administer to be absolutely accredited. This will save you from accident money and basic advice to internet conmen. The Columbia Southern University aswell offers a agnate absorption advance in their BS in Business administering program.


text:
You are currently browsing comments. If you would like to return to the full story, you can read the full entry here: "Defending the American Dream Summit – Halftime Report".
No comments
Marsha Blackburn Voted FOR:
Omnibus Appropriations, Special Education, Global AIDS Initiative, Job Training, Unemployment Benefits, Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations, Agriculture Appropriations, FY2004 Foreign Operations Appropriations, U.S.-Singapore Trade, U.S.-Chile Trade, Supplemental Spending for Iraq & Afghanistan, Flood Insurance Reauthorization , Prescription Drug Benefit, Child Nutrition Programs, Surface Transportation, Job Training and Worker Services, Agriculture Appropriations, Foreign Aid, Debt Limit Increase, Fiscal 2005 Omnibus Appropriations, Vocational/Technical Training, Supplemental Appropriations, UN "Reforms." Patriot Act Reauthorization, CAFTA, Katrina Hurricane-relief Appropriations, Head Start Funding, Line-item Rescission, Oman Trade Agreement, Military Tribunals, Electronic Surveillance, Head Start Funding, COPS Funding, Funding the REAL ID Act (National ID), Foreign Intelligence Surveillance, Thought Crimes "Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act, Peru Free Trade Agreement, Economic Stimulus, Farm Bill (Veto Override), Warrantless Searches, Employee Verification Program, Body Imaging Screening, Patriot Act extension., Supplemental Appropriations, Patriot Act Extension.
Marsha Blackburn Voted AGAINST:
Ban on UN Contributions, eliminate Millennium Challenge Account, WTO Withdrawal, UN Dues Decrease, Defunding the NAIS, Iran Military Operations defunding Iraq Troop Withdrawal, congress authorization of Iran Military Operations, Withdrawing U.S. Soldiers from Afghanistan, Libya Troop Withdrawal.
Marsha Blackburn is my Congressman.
See her "blatantly unconstitutional" votes at :
Thank you for the halftime report Brian. Mark Levin and Breitbart will be great listening for sure. I caught Ann McElhinney's speech on cspan here. What a wild ride! No holds barred, true patriotic message of how Americans better wake up while we still have the chance to save our freedom and prosperity from the Socialist indoctrination and societal destruction being carried out by the Liberal party today. Enjoy the day, all of you, and we can't wait to hear more about your conservative weekend in DC.


text:
A member of Tactical Evil, Eikichi is willing to do Harara's every bidding. Able to transform his saliva into ice, he can spit razor sharp projectiles at his target. Should this fail, the cheeky old man can unleash the monster between his legs!
|Apocalypse Zero
jp. Takeshi AONO
en. Steve KRAMER
There are no comments - leave one to be the first!


text:
More Videos...
BMW M5 Power Insane Drift!
Support me by liking and sharing this video and others too! More to come soon!
Nissan GTR R35 vs Yamaha R1 & Suzuki GSX R
Aprilia RS 125 Short Ride Go Pro Hero 3+
Watch in HD for full sensation! Sorry for the short trip and bad audio, this was just a test.
VAG Event 2014
Credits go to: eastvision.pl WATCH IN HD!!


text:
Safe Online Payments
Long journey by bus from kollam to nagercoil is made effortless by redBus, one of the eminent bus ticketing platform fulfilling most of the travel requirements. Numerous operators run their buses in this route creating ample amount of convenience for many people in India. Secured online ticket reservation process and easy booking techniques help every traveler to undergo smooth booking.
If you are also looking for return checkout, please ensure to checkNagercoil to Kollam Bus Tickets.
You can now book route tickets from kollam to nagercoil at redBus.in. Apply time to time redBus offers on online bus ticket booking. Make some money and memories too!
Also known as Quilon, Kollam is an old seaport, located on the shores of the Asthamudi Lake. It is headquarters of Kollam district of Kerala and is the fourth largest city of the state. It is well known for Coir manufacturing and Cashew processing. Apart from that, it is southern gateway of the famous Kerala backwaters. Many foreign travellers have visited this place in ancient times. Kollam is thus a business hub and tourist destination too.
Nagercoil is surrounded by the Western Ghats, has a large population of Non Resident Indians and is the best planned city in the state of Tamilnadu. It's the only place in Tamilnadu to receive both North East Monsoon and South West Monsoon. The place offers a blend of Tamilian & Keralite cuisine and sports the famous Nanjilnadu cuisine and its economy thrives from commercial fish net manufacturing for both export & also domestic market followed by some cottage industries like coir making, handloom weaving, food processing units etc. It has a research wing of Indian Space Research Organisation.


text:
And so the build up to the Euro 2008 qualifying match between France and Italy in September continues.
Italian weekly magazine TV Sorrisi e Canzoni claims to know what was really said by Marco Materazzi to Zinadine Zidane on the pitch on that annoying day.
According to the magazine Materazzi describes the infamous and pointless verbal tug of war thusly:
"I had his shirt for only a few seconds, he turned to me and spoke to me in a manic fashion, looked at me arrogantly from top to bottom and said: "If you want my shirt you can have it after the match."
"I (Materazzi) responded with an insult, that is true."
What was the insult exactly? That Materrazzi preferred Zidane's "whore of a sister." Other sources claim it was the more poignant "slut of a sister." Tomato, tomahto.
Then, "Wham!" Insert "Wake me up before you go, go" here.
For everyone's sake, I hope she really isn't a concubine.
I feel let down. I was kinda hoping that there would have been more meat to this. Something along the lines of "you're mother is a promiscuous terrorist who slept her way to the top. And she wears construction boots."
At least that would have sorta explained his meltdown.
The Matrix, as Materazzi is known, has stressed that he never gave the magazine an interview and that they pulled the quote from his autobiography slated to come out in early September.
Needles to say, all the pride and prejudices are questionably filling many soccer threads that litter the Internet. As far as I can tell and according to Zizou fans, Zidane is the ancient-folk hero and misunderstood artist and poet-scholar who, in a moment of frail and flawed humanity, succumbed to that trickster Til Eulenspiegel.
Other simply let their selective perception get the better of them – Which, of course, is usually unsubstantiated and rather unfortunate.
Zidane cracked. Cracked like that rotund sloth Humpty Dumpty. End of story.
Let us all now close this sad chapter in World Cup soccer.
However, not before I offer my middling and petty two cents. The way I interpret life is pretty straightforward: either you believe in accountability and responsibility or you don't.
But that's me. I know that if I head-butted someone like that my father would have butted my head against the wall until I realized I was the butthead.
Too many justifications and pontifications have elegantly been asserted and described to defend Zidane. Take it to Vienna folks. Zidane exited the world's biggest sporting stage as a cop out.
What Materazzi said was uncouth indeed. In this light, all the more reason to walk away. Instead, Zidane chose to let his tribal instincts define his actions. Easier said than done? Perhaps. But you have to find it in you to restrain yourself. Can you imagine if such a violent response becomes a common practice to any misperceived verbal insult? Think of it.
If he wanted to defend the honour of his sister (and gee I really do hope she isn't a slut because this would have all been for naught) couldn't he have at least waited until the end of the game to ram Materrazzi like The Rhino in the walk way? That would have been so much cooler.
All I know, and I know precious little, is this feud has (the now defunct) Celebrity Boxing written all over it.
Maybe they can throw Lohan and Hilton – drenched in delicious tupelo honey – into the mix?
I digress.Powered by Sidelines


text:
Will Kelly Preston have a silent birth?
Scientologists John Travolta and Kelly Preston have followed the 'silent birth' plan in the past and will likely adhere to this doctrine with their upcoming child.
In the book Preventive Diantics, Scientology creator Ron L. Hubbard holds that "children should be delivered in an atmosphere of total quiet, without any groans, screams, or sounds of pain from the mother, or even the audible exchange of information among hospital personnel."
But beliefs are beliefs and Kelly managed it before. At some point during labor with daughter Ella Bleu she wound up asking John to take her to the hospital for an epidural. They ended up getting stuck in traffic though and she had to deliver the baby at home with no meds! That's 9 lbs of silent ouch, though she did admit to sounding out a few times.
She also reccommended silent birth to Katie Holmes when she was pregnant with Suri and has explained the process saying: "It's just because everything in moments of pain is really recorded and you want to have that [the birth] peaceful and clear of sort of suggestions or different words that can then affect them [babies] in their future."
In other words, if the child hears screams and pain it is believed that this will subconsciously harm and follow them into adulthood.
In addition to the no noise policy during birth, there is also a silent period after delivery. The baby should "be wrapped somewhat tightly in a warm blanket, very soft, and then left alone for a day or so."
So is this medically sound in any way? Patricia Connor Devine, MD, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist who directs the Labor and Delivery Unit at Columbia University Medical Center says, "Babies have heard noise and responded to noise for some time before they are born," she says. "There's absolutely no scientific evidence that taking that away at the time of delivery will have any effect on outcome for the baby or the mother."
Picture source


text:
Quick Palace Vannes, Vannes
- Free WiFi and free parking
Main amenities
- 31 guestrooms
- Breakfast available
- Daily housekeeping
- Self-serve laundry
- Picnic area
- Free newspapers in the lobby
- Luggage storage
- Limited hour front desk
- Tour/ticket assistance
For families
- Free toiletries
- Daily housekeeping
- Laundry facilities
- Flat-panel TV
- Satellite TV service
- Free self parking
What's around
- Musee de La Cohue (2.3 mi / 3.7 km)
- Chubert Hospital (1.5 mi / 2.5 km)
- Le Jardin des Remparts (2.1 mi / 3.3 km)
- Palais des Arts et des Congres (2.2 mi / 3.6 km)
- Vannes Cathedral (2.2 mi / 3.6 km)
Quick Palace Vannes, Vannesfrom $39
- Double Room, Accessible
- Standard Twin Room
- Family Room
- Standard Double Room
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 31 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 1 floor
- Check-in time 5 PM-9 PM
- Check-out time is 11:30 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- No cribs (infant beds)
- Pets allowed *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
Nearby One Star Vannes hotels
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 2002
- Picnic area
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Soundproofed rooms
- Turndown service
- Partially open bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer (on request)
- 56-cm flat-screen TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
Top Vannes hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Vannes
- Miramar La CigaleFrom
"Friendly staff in an impeccable setting."Dec 25, 2016
- Hôtel Les AlignementsFrom
"Very interesting nature, take a tour to Lé Pö and see the oisters being catched. Also the Carnac stones a very interesting to see."Oct 7, 2016
- Best Western Plus Celtique Hôtel & SpaFrom
"Could easily have a nice vacation here with lots of great facilities, walking distance to beach and restaurants, lovely staff. Very nice stay, thank you so much!"Sep 28, 2016
- Hôtel Le Branhoc Logis Brit HotelFrom
"They make your stay enjoyable. Basic ** hotel but lovely breakfast and the owners are delightful. "Sep 10, 2016
Nearby hotels
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Quick Palace Vannes, Vannes's small print
Also known as
- Quick Palace Hotel Vannes
- Quick Palace Vannes
- Quick Vannes
- Quick Palace Vannes Hotel
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.70 per person, per night
Optional extras
Breakfast costs between EUR 5.80 and EUR 5.80 for adults, and EUR 2.95 and EUR 5.80 for children (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 4.00 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.0 /5 from 69 reviews
Travelling back from Spain and this was last overnight stay before Roscoff ferry. We arrived at just after 2pm and was very disappointed to find we could not get in as auto booth was not working and directing us to reception which was not open until 5pm. However, when we did get in the staff were extremely helpful and the room was the best of all we stayed in. Bit stuck out of the way but well worth the money.
Our hostess and host were very kind and helpful, and provided a nice, welcoming atmosphere. The room, while small, was better than one often finds in inexpensive lodgings in France. The petit déjeuner, while not elaborate, was excellent value for money--again, better than one usually encounters for a similar price elsewhere. We would not hesitate to stay here again.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
Standing 12" tall with her ears, Clarice the white and grey spotted pig puppet is pure sweetness. Perfect for imaginative play with other hand puppets, Clarice is an awesome gift for boy and girls of all ages. Let Clarice the pig puppet entertain your whole family with her next big performance!
Ages 2+