text: Free Night at your own romantic cottage Willowbrook Nest GET DEALSEE MORE DEALS You will think you are in the middle of a Thomas Kinkade painting when you arrive at this storybook stone cottage set in acres of flower gardens, woods, and waterfall. Fireplace, Jacuzzi bathtub, kitchen, 2 queen beds. $160 per night, third night free. You have peace and privacy, at this Old English cottage set in the heart of the Ouachita Mts, just 3 miles to Mena, AR. Get Directions Gas Calculator The Fine Print Willowbrook Cottage at Mena, Arkansas in the heart of the Ouachita Mountains 479 883-5492 email@example.com http://www.willowbrookcottage.com The Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism does not endorse any property on this site. Information is supplied by individual property owners; we make no guarantee, explicit or implied, that the posted information is accurate. We do not confirm or warranty any listings. Confirmation is the sole responsibility of the renting or purchasing party. Owners are solely responsible for the accuracy of their listings and information. Details PRINT EXPIRED: Address: 1047 Polk County Road 42 Mena, AR 71953


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|Full Court Press: Danny Ainge will go all out in free agency, and not just for Kevin Durant, Celtics going Eurostash
|06.25.16 at 9:31 pm ET
Remember the pursuit of Manny Ramirez? How about the ill-fated chase for Alex Rodriguez? Think back when Zdeno Chara was on the market in 2006. The Patriots and Darrelle Revis married for one season, and it yielded New England's fourth Super Bowl title.
Well, the Celtics' dream of putting Kevin Durant in green next season has the potential of eclipsing all of those in terms of media focus and civic involvement.
Danny Ainge knows, just from their reaction to the lack of trade on draft night, that the entire fan base is in a frenzy. The Celtics are in full-in mode to get their guy who could change the fortunes of the franchise for the next decade.
This is like the summer of 2007. They not only brought in Ray Allen on draft night in the trade for the draft pick that netted Jeff Green, they got Kevin Garnett in a trade at the end of July. There is the draft. There are trades and then there's free agency. All three factor in Ainge's roster building.
This summer could be similar to '07 as Kevin Durant and Kevin Love are potentially on the radar (that is, if Durant wants Love). Roc Nation Sports, Durant's agency, is not only calling the shots on Durant's deal, they are sending the message that Durant wants a full supporting cast around him that will immediately compete for his first NBA ring.
The Celtics have a lot going in their favor. They have tradition, a red-hot young coaching talent, loads of cap space and something L.A., Golden State, Miami, San Antonio and Oklahoma City don't have. Civic pride and brotherhood among the pro sports teams. That's why Rob Gronkowski, Bill Belichick and David Ortiz showing up courtside really matter. The Celtics should give Gronk, Belichick, Ortiz and even Tom Brady a call to reach out to Durant. Isaiah Thomas continued this effort on Saturday.
At $27.685 million committed to salaries for next season, the Celtics are in remarkably good shape to attack free agency. They not only are a young team coming off back-to-back playoff seasons, they have more cap space than any team that made the playoffs in last season. As a matter of fact, only the Sixers and Lakers, the two worst teams in the NBA last season, have less money committed to salary for the 2016-17 season.
Of the teams pursuing Durant (Warriors, Spurs, Clippers, Celtics, Thunder, Heat), only the Celtics could pull off two max-deal free agent signings. There's Durant, Dwight Howard, DeMar DeRozan, Luol Deng and Al Horford among others.
|New York does its best to throw Troy Murphy under the Alex Rodriguez gambling bus
|08.04.11 at 2:27 pm ET
By now, I'm sure you've heard the Star Magazine story about Yankees shortstop Alex Rodriguez allegedly playing and hosting $500,000 poker games in New York City, Los Angeles and Miami in which cocaine was openly used and thugs threatened players over their gambling debts.
Now, as Major League Baseball investigates A-Rod's involvement, New York Daily News writer Jim Rich threw Celtics free agent forward Troy Murphy and other professional athletes right under the bus along with Rodriguez. Here's the passage from Rich's column entitled "Yankees' Alex Rodriguez playing poker is only a big deal because he has proven to be a lightning rod":
|Kobe, A-Rod Sing and Dance into Your Homes
|10.26.08 at 10:08 pm ET
Just in time for Opening Night, Kobe Bryant is now singing and dancing his way into your homes through your TV sets. And he's bringing a friend along, too. His name is A-Rod.
Bryant and Rodriguez, along with Michael Phelps and Tony Hawk, are featured in a new commercial for Guitar Hero. The ad is a throwback to "Risky Business" with the four men donning pink button down shirts and white boxers. Click here to check it out!
Notice how Kobe's shorts are longer. He's probably sensitive to the idea of anything above the knee after this incident.
Latest from Bleacher Report
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- Realistic Targets for Celtics to Chase During Offseason


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 2, 2010
|Filing date
|Dec 21, 2005
|Priority date
|Dec 21, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Casimer M. DeCusatis, Thomas A. Gregg
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (37), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (14), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to the commonly owned, concurrently filed application of the same inventors, Ser. No. 11/314,382, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Initializing an End-to-End link in a Fiber Optic Communications System".
1. Field of the Invention
This invention applies to fiber optic networks that use a combination of time and wavelength division multiplexing and transport communication protocols that require either loss of light (LOL), open fiber control (OFC), or a combination of the two states to be transported across the network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recent advances in fiber optic dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) equipment have made more efficient use of the fiber's available bandwidth by using a combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM). Typically, in a TDM/WDM system, multiple input signals with data rates up to 1-2 gigabits/second (Gbit/s) are time multiplexed into a single, high-speed data stream. This is then modulated onto one of the optical wavelengths in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network, which may be operating at 10 Gbit/s or faster. This approach provides a cost-effective way to scale the capacity of an optical network and is currently being applied to industry-standard protocols such as Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and others.
Some data communication protocols require special accommodations to operate in this environment. For example, IBM has developed a set of protocols known as Inter-System Channel (ISC) links, which are used for clustering of mainframe computers in a Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (GDPS) architecture. (Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex and GDPS are trademarks of IBM Corporation.) This approach is used for high availability and disaster recovery at larger companies worldwide and requires the extension of ISC links over DWDM networks to distances of 50-100 kilometers (km) or more. Until recently, there was no need to time multiplex the ISC channels, as the maximum data rate per wavelength in a WDM network was about 2.5 Gbit/s, approximately the same as an ISC channel. (These channels can operate in either peer mode at 2.125 Gbit/s or compatibility mode at 1.0625 Gbit/s; the compatibility mode links also use a version of open fiber control (OFC) protocols.) With the recent increase in WDM per wavelength data rates to 10 Gbit/s and beyond, it is necessary to find a method for time multiplexing several ISC channels over a common wavelength so that the GDPS architecture remains cost competitive.
This operation requires two essential steps. The first is a method for speed matching the FIFO buffers between the ISC channel and the WDM network. This requires knowledge of IBM data frame structures, and algorithms to accomplish this are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005/0100337 (DeCusatis et al.), incorporated herein by reference. The second essential step is to accommodate time multiplexing of the channel initialization and control information, including open fiber control (OFC) and loss of light (LOL) propagation.
OFC is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,356,367, 6,359,709 and 6,359,713 (DeCusatis et al.), as well as in U.S. Pat. No. 6,438,285 (DeCusatis et al) and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2003/0072516 (DeCusatis et al.), all of which are incorporated herein by reference. As explained in the referenced patent application publication, OFC is a laser eye safety interlock implemented in the transceiver hardware; a pair of transceivers connected by a point-to-point link must perform a handshake sequence in order to initialize the link before data transmission occurs. Only after this handshake is complete will the lasers turn on at full optical power. If the link is opened for any reason (such as a broken fiber or unplugged connector), the link detects this and automatically deactivates the lasers on both ends to prevent exposure to hazardous optical power levels. When the link is closed again, the hardware automatically detects this condition and reestablishes the link. OFC is defined for various laser wavelengths and data rates in the ANSI Fibre Channel Standard; the OFC timing and state machine are also defined in this standard. OFC is still required to interoperate with other devices attached to the fiber links, even where it no longer serves a laser safety function.
LOL is described in the above-identified U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,356,367, 6,359,709 and 6,359,713 and U.S. Patent Application Publication 2003/0072516, as well as in such patents as U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,611 (Carbone et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,136,410 (Heiling et al.), incorporated herein by reference. Even links that do not implement OFC protocols must sometimes propagate a loss of light (LOL) condition along the length of the fiber. As explained in the referenced patent application publication 2003/0072516, propagating loss of light is not the same as sending a long string of zero data on the link; the attached computer equipment must be able to determine the difference between an open optical connection and a long run of zeros (potentially corrupted data) since the error recovery is different in each case.
The present invention addresses these two critical link states, LOL and OFC, which must be propagated through a TDM/WDM network to insure proper functionality of an ISC channel.
Previously, this control information was passed across WDM networks on a per-wavelength optical supervisory channel (OSC). This is illustrated in
Transmitting node 102 contains a plurality of input channels, each of which drives a common WDM multiplexer 120. In each of these input channels, an optical signal 108 on a link from a client (not shown) drives an optical-to-electrical (OE) transducer or optical receiver (RX) 110 to produce an electrical output signal 112. This electrical signal 112 is combined with an electrical overhead control signal 114 and the result fed to an electrical-to-optical (EO) transducer or optical transmitter (TX) 116. Transducer 116 has an internal laser (not separately shown) that provides an optical signal 118 of a particular wavelength to WDM multiplexer 120. WDM multiplexer 120 combines the optical signals 118 from all of these input channels (which have different wavelengths) to provide a single multiple-wavelength optical output signal 122 to the network 106.
Correspondingly, at the receiving node 104, a WDM demultiplexer 126 takes a multiple-wavelength optical input signal 124 from the network 106 and separates it into multiple optical signals 128 of different wavelengths that are processed in respective output channels. In each of these output channels, an optical receiver 130 converts the optical signal 128 to an electrical signal 132, from which an overhead control signal 134 is extracted using well-known techniques. Finally, an optical transmitter 136 takes the electrical signal 132 from which the control signal was 134 extracted and, using another internal laser, converts it to an optical output signal 138 corresponding to the original input signal 108.
In the system 100 illustrated in
This approach cannot be used, however, if one plans to time multiplex several channels of ISC traffic. In this latter scenario, let us consider, for example, LOL propagation. If there is an equipment failure in the TDM stage that affects only one ISC channel, it is no longer possible to disable the lasers throughout the link, since they are still carrying ISC traffic for other input channels. It is also not possible to simply transmit all zeros. This is true for many reasons, including the fact that such a transmission would violate disparity on the ISC link. It would be misinterpreted as a data error and inhibit proper channel error recovery, and the clock recovery circuits in the receiver would drift out of lock under these conditions. Similar considerations apply to OFC propagation when time multiplexing several channels of ISC traffic.
Previously, there have been various efforts to multiplex various communication protocols in optical networks. The following patents are representative.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,587,615 (Paiam) describes an optical wavelength demultiplexer with a substantially flat output response within its passband. This is accomplished by using a two-stage optical wavelength multiplexing process, in which the first WDM has a free spectral range approximately equal to the second WDM. Various embodiments are described, including resonant optical cavities, array waveguide gratings, and others. This patent only addresses the optical spectral properties of a WDM system. It does not incorporate time division multiplexing technology and does not address LOL or OFC state propagation across a network.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,557 (Otsuka et al.) describes a method and apparatus for scrambling the polarization of optical signals in a WDM system to suppress nonlinear effects and improve transmission fidelity. Various embodiments are proposed, including per wavelength polarization scramblers and a two-stage wavelength combination scheme with a scrambling stage in between. This patent only addresses the nonlinear effects in a long-haul WDM system that can arise from variations in the optical polarization. It does not incorporate time division multiplexing technology and does not address LOL or OFC state propagation across a network.
U.S. Patent Publication 2003/0081294 (Lee et al.) describes a free-space WDM system which couples the received channels into an optical fiber to facilitate the use of optical amplifiers. A light beam emitting and focusing unit is described to facilitate this coupling, which includes an optical circulator, WDM coupler, and amplified spontaneous emission fibers. This patent does not incorporate time division multiplexing technology and does not address LOL or OFC state propagation across a network.
The above-mentioned family of patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,359,709, 6,359,713 and 6,356,367 describe a method, apparatus, and computer program product for a fiber optic network that allow OFC conditions to propagate across a WDM network. This is accomplished by using an outband signal which carries the OFC state; an alternative embodiment using an electrical wrap mode is also presented. The technology described in these patents only applies to a WDM system, without TDM, and is not extendable to include TDM systems. In fact, the approach described in these patents will not work in a TDM environment. Thus, the patents describe using a per wavelength control channel to propagate OFC state information, which means that only one data channel per wavelength can be supported. These patents also do not address LOL propagation across a WDM or TDM network.
The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantages are provided through the present invention, which relates to a method and apparatus for propagating link state conditions across an optical network. Some of the more significant aspects of our invention include the following:
One aspect of our invention, which is the subject of the present application, relates to the transport of an Inter-System Channel (ISC) or similar protocol across an optical network which uses time division multiplexing (TDM) stages, typically in combination with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) stages. As noted above, it is necessary to correctly propagate link conditions such as a loss of light (LOL) condition across each TDM subchannel within a single WDM wavelength where WDM is used. This aspect of the invention, therefore, contemplates a control channel for each TDM subchannel to carry this information, with the control channels being time multiplexed in the same fashion as the data.
More formally, this aspect of the invention contemplates a method and apparatus for transmitting signals from a plurality of input channels over a TDM optical network, where each of the input channels contains an optical data signal and an electrical control signal containing control information relating to the optical data signal. In accordance with the invention, respective optical receivers convert the optical data signals to respective electrical data signals, which a TDM data multiplexer time-multiplexes to generate a multiplexed data signal. A TDM control signal multiplexer time-multiplexes the electrical control signals to generate a multiplexed control signal that is combined with said multiplexed data signal to generate a composite electrical signal. An optical transmitter generates a composite optical signal from the composite electrical signal that is transmitted over the network.
At the receiving end, an optical receiver receives the composite optical signal over the network and generates a composite electrical signal from the composite optical signal that is separable into a multiplexed data signal and a multiplexed control signal. A TDM data demultiplexer demultiplexes the multiplexed data signal to generate respective electrical data signals for output channels corresponding to the input channels, while a TDM control signal demultiplexer demultiplexes the multiplexed control signal to generate respective electrical control signals for the output channels. Finally, respective optical transmitters convert the electrical data signals to optical data signals for the output channels.
In the system described, in response to detecting a loss of an optical data signal in one of the input channels, an electrical control signal is generated for that input channel indicating the loss of the optical data signal. That control signal will be propagated to the appropriate output channel by virtue of the signal handling described above.
If desired, the invention may be used in a TDM/WDM system in which a WDM multiplexer combines the composite optical signal with one or more other composite optical signals of different wavelengths before being transmitted over the network. In such case, a WDM demultiplexer separates the received composite optical signal into composite optical signals of different wavelengths, each of which is fed to an optical receiver to generate a composite electrical signal from which individual data signals and control signals are generated for output channels in the manner described above.
More particularly, in accordance with this aspect of the present invention, each input channel (e.g., an ISC input channel) has its own dedicated overhead control channel that is distinguished (e.g., by an identifier) from control channels for other input channels in the same TDM block. These control channels are time multiplexed to yield a single control channel for each optical wavelength, compatible with the previously established approach. These control channels are operational regardless of whether any data is actually being transmitted across the links. Any equipment or link failures that produce loss of light will now be recognized at the next downstream element, and the TDM (including TDM/WDM) equipment can insert a control character for the affected channel that is recognized by the other WDM nodes.
Another aspect of our invention, which is a subject of the above-identified concurrently filed application, relates to a method and apparatus for propagating an open fiber control (OFC) condition across a hybrid TDM/WDM network. Disclosed are a peer-to-peer embodiment and a master-slave embodiment for propagating OFC across a hybrid TDM/WDM network.
More formally, this aspect of the invention contemplates a method and apparatus for initializing an end-to-end link in a fiber optic communications system in which a pair of nodes interconnect a pair of end devices. The nodes are coupled to the end devices via respective device link segments and are coupled to each other via a network link segment, the device link segments and the network link segment together forming an end-to-end link. In accordance with the invention, a first node initializes the device link segment with the end device to which the node is coupled. Upon initializing that device link segment, the first node sends a signal to the other node over the network link segment indicating that the sending node has initialized its device link segment. The first node completes initialization of the end-to-end link upon receiving a signal from the other node over the network link segment indicating that the other node has initialized its device link segment.
The first node may disable the device link segment with the end device to which the node is coupled and return to the initializing step upon a failure of the other node to initialize its device link segment. This disablement may be performed upon a failure to receive a signal from the other node within a predetermined time period indicating that the other node has initialized its device link segment. Alternatively, this disablement may be performed upon receiving a signal from the other node indicating that the other node has not initialized its device link segment.
The initialization steps may be performed by each of the nodes as a peer of the other node. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by one of said nodes as a master node which, upon initializing its device link segment, signals the other node to perform its own initialization procedure as a slave node. Such slave node, upon being signaled by the master node, initializes the device link segment with the end device to which the slave node is coupled and, upon initializing that device link segment, sends a signal to the master node over the network link segment indicating that the slave node has initialized its device link segment.
Yet another aspect of our invention, which is also a subject of the above-identified concurrently filed application, relates to a method and apparatus for propagating an OFC state across a hybrid TDM/WDM network that does not require the end nodes in the network to generate OFC-compliant signals. Rather, this aspect of the invention uses an algorithm for handling the OFC signals generated by the end devices attached to the network, as described further below.
More formally, this aspect of the invention contemplates a method for initializing an end-to-end link in accordance with a predetermined protocol in a fiber optic communications system in which a pair of nodes interconnect a pair of end devices. Each of the end devices is capable of initializing a link segment between it and a similar device according to a predetermined protocol. The nodes have respective device ports coupled to the end devices via respective device link segments, respective network ports coupled to each other via a network link segment, and respective data channels extending between the device ports and the network ports, the device link segments and the network link segment together forming an end-to-end link.
In accordance with the invention, as performed by one of said nodes, the data channel is normally operated in a transparent mode in which an optical signal received at the device port is retransmitted from the network port, while an optical signal received at the network port is retransmitted from the device port. In response to detecting a predetermined link state at said device port, however, the data channel is momentarily operated in a loopback mode, in which an optical signal received at the device port is also looped back to the device link segment from the device port while being retransmitted from the network port, thereby allowing the end device to initialize the device link segment in accordance with the predetermined protocol, then returning to the transparent mode. More particularly, if the device port comprises an optical transmitter and an optical receiver, the predetermined link state comprises the absence of a signal from said optical receiver together with the presence of a signal to the optical transmitter.
Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention. For a better understanding of the invention with advantages and features, refer to the description and to the drawings.
The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
The detailed description below explains the preferred embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.
Referring first to
Referring now to
To see how the present invention works in the system 200 shown in
OFC Propagation
Next, consider the problem of OFC propagation in a TDM/WDM hybrid network such as the one shown in
Direct propagation of OFC signals would require very fast lasers in the TDM network to comply with OFC timing requirements and is likely not practical. While OFC is defined by the ANSI Fibre Channel standard, it is only defined for point-to-point links and not for repeated or WDM networks; it is also not defined for TDM networks. Further, a vendor may use a proprietary, nonstandard version of OFC on an ISC channel implementation to achieve longer distances. While the propagation of OFC over WDM has been addressed previously, the propagation of OFC over a combined TDM/WDM network is a different problem, which is addressed by this aspect of the invention.
Either a peer-to-peer approach or a master-slave approach may be used. Although the peer-to-peer approach is considered a preferred approach, either may be used, and both are described.
The peer-to-peer approach is illustrated by the algorithm and flow chart in
Referring now to
If, on a first or subsequent try, the handshake attempt is successful (step 410 a), then link segment 1 (connecting host 206 and node 202) initializes (step 412 a). Node 202 (A) then sends an "OFC complete" message to the other node 204 (B) and starts a timer for receiving an acknowledgment (ACK) signal from that other node, indicating that it has established a link (link segment 3) with host 208 (B) (step 414 a). Node 202 sends the "OFC complete" message by inserting a control character into the subchannel 218 for ISC link 1 to reflect this state. This control character is time multiplexed into the per-wavelength control channel 222, passed through the network link 106 (constituting link segment 2), and detected at node 204 (B). Node 204 responds to node 202 with another control character, indicating whether it has completed a handshake on link segment 3 (connecting node 204 and host 208).
When the time for receiving an ACK signal has expired, node 202 (A) checks to determine whether it has received an ACK signal from node 204 (B) (step 416 a). If node 202 has not received a timely ACK signal (step 418 a), then node 202 forces a disconnect on link 1 by dropping its client-side laser signal (from a transmitter similar to the transmitter 268 shown in
If node 202 (A) does receive a timely ACK signal from node 204 (B) and that signal indicates initialization of link segment 3 (step 428 a), then node 202 keeps link segment 1 online, since link initialization is now complete (step 430).
Recall that the same process is taking place on side B. More particularly, node 204 (B) executes a series of steps 402 b-428 b that are identical to steps 402 a-428 a and will therefore not be exhaustively described. Basically, node 204 (B) attempts to handshake with host 208 (B) (step 402 b) and, if successful (410 b), link segment 3 is initialized (step 412 b) and a control signal is propagated upstream to node 202 (A) (step 414 b). As with node 202 (A) and link 1, node 204 (B) will only maintain link 3 if it receives a favorable acknowledgment from node 202 (step 428 b); otherwise it drops link segment 3 (420 b). This process continues until both node 202 and 204 have established a client-side connections and have receive acknowledgments from the opposite node; the link is then initialized end-to-end (step 430).
As a practical matter, node 202 or 204 may be configured to drop its client signal if it fails to receive any form of acknowledgment from the other node within a predetermined interval, which will depend on the latency of the WDM network. This can either be configured in software or preset to the maximum supported network latency. This step also prevents the client sides (link segments 1 and 3) from initializing in the event of a network fiber break on link segment 2 or failure in the TDM/WDM equipment.
The peer-to-peer approach is preferred because of its symmetry and ease of implementation. An alternative approach is a master-slave approach, shown in
Once the master-slave relationship is established and confirmed at both ends of the network, the master controls all subsequent OFC handshaking by performing a series of steps 502-530. These steps are generally similar to the like-numbered steps in
When the slave handshake completes, it sends an acknowledgment back to the master within a predetermined timeout interval to complete the link initialization process. If the ACK signal is not received in time (steps 516 and 518), the master node disables the client (step 520) and returns to step 502 to attempt another handshake with the client. If the ACK signal is received in time (step 522) and is in proper form (steps 524 and 528), then link initiation is complete (step 530). If the ACK is not in proper form (step 526), then the master node likewise disables the client (step 520) and returns to step 502 to attempt another handshake with the client.
Note there is no need for additional handshakes to take place across the network link 106; the slave assumes that it will not be allowed to handshake until the master's handshake is completed first. There is also no need for a timeout interval on the slave side (steps 514-528) for the same reason. However, there is a tradeoff between these features and the additional complexity involved with establishing the initial master-slave relationship.
Alternative Embodiment for OFC Propagation
In addition to the embodiments described above, we propose an alternative embodiment for OFC propagation across a TDM/WDM network with duplex links. This alternative approach does not require the TDM/WDM network nodes to generate OFC handshake pulses. Rather, it operates by echoing the OFC pulses from the ISC channels back to their original source if the link conditions are suitable for link initialization, as described in more detail below.
For simplicity,
Each of TDM nodes 602 a and 602 b contains a plurality of input ports collectively indicated by the reference numeral 614, two of which, port 614-1 (port 1) and 614-2 (port 2), are shown. Each input port 614 has transmitter (TX) 616 and receiver (RX) 618 that interface with a corresponding receiver (RX) 612 and transmitter (TX) 610, respectively, of an ISC channel 604 a or 604 b. Each receiver 618 supplies one input to a TDM multiplexer (MPX) 620, which time multiplexes the input with inputs from the other receivers of the same node 602 a or 602 b. The TDM multiplexer 620 of each node 602 a or 602 b in turn drives a transmitter 622 coupled via link 608 to a corresponding receiver 624 in the other node, the transmitter 622 and receiver 624 of each node 602 constituting an output port 626. Each receiver 624 drives a TDM demultiplexer (DMPX) 628, which supplies demultiplexed signals to the port transmitters 616 of that node.
In operation of the system 600 described above, an optical signal originating from transmitter 610 of ISC channel 604 a reaches receiver 612 of ISC channel 604 b by way of link 606 a, receiver 618 of input port 614-1 (of node 602 a), multiplexer 620, transmitter 622, link 608, receiver 624 of node 602 b, demultiplexer 628, transmitter 616 of input port 614-1 and link 606 b. An optical signal originating from transmitter 610 of ISC channel 604 b reaches receiver 612 of ISC channel 604 a via a similar path in the other direction, and similarly for optical signals originating from other ISC channels and traversing other duplex input ports.
Most of the time, each TDM node 602 operates transparently: any input signal from an ISC channel 604 is time multiplexed and transmitted along the network link 608 to the other node, while any received TDM signal from the network link is demultiplexed and routed via an input port 614 to the appropriate ISC channel 604. In order to initialize the overall link (comprising all of the components between a pair of intercommunicating ISC channels 604) using OFC, this aspect of the present invention contemplates that a TDM node 602 operate in a non-transparent way under certain conditions. More particularly, this aspect of the present invention contemplates that logic 630 incorporated into each TDM node 602 monitor signals present at the TDM input ports 614 and the TDM output port 626, then implement a state machine that routes the handshake signals as desired. Logic 630 may be implemented in any suitable manner, such as by a special-purpose digital circuit—e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)—firmware (i.e., microcode) or a combination of the two.
To illustrate how this would work, first assume that ISC channel 604 a is connected to TDM node 602 a and initiates an OFC handshake pulse from its transmitter 610 to the port 1 receiver 618 of node 602 a. Since the corresponding link 606 b from ISC channel 604 b is not yet active, there is no receive signal on the line from the network-side receiver 624 to the port 1 transmitter 616. (Note that there may still be signals running on other ports 614 of the TDM channel serviced by the multiplexer 620 and demultiplexer 628, and so other signals may be flowing on the transmitter and receiver links to node 602 a.)
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
It should be apparent that the same procedure could have been followed if ISC channel 602 b had been the first to initiate OFC handshaking instead of ISC channel 602 a. As an additional feature, the digital logic 630 ensures that if there is an open link condition at any point in the network, nodes 602 a and 602 b will detect this and shut down their corresponding transmitters, interrupting data transmission. Once the link segments are deactivated, ISC channels 604 a and 604 b will attempt to initiate an OFC handshake every 10 seconds, in accordance with the existing OFC handshaking protocol referenced above. When the link is repaired, the procedure described above will initialize the link once again. Deadlock conditions are prevented by having each TDM node 602 check whether it is already receiving a signal from the other end of the network link 608 before using its own state machine 630 to begin the handshake process.
The embodiment described above has several potential advantages. It does not require the TDM nodes 602 to generate an OFC signal pulse, which can save on hardware if multiple ISC channels 604 are to be accommodated on a single card. Also, it does not require an optical supervisory channel to verify that the links are connected. The maximum link length, or the longest allowed round-trip delay time from node 602 a to node 602 b and back to node 602 a again, is limited by the fixed delay built into the digital logic 630; the link has to establish during this time. The fixed delay must also be short enough to avoid causing error conditions at the ISC channels 604 due to the looped back signals. By selecting a fixed delay of a few milliseconds, it should be possible to extend the links beyond 100 kilometers; this delay could also be made programmable and adjusted depending on link length or other conditions. In this approach, the ISC channel 604 which first initiates a handshake becomes the master for the handshake between itself and the TDM node 602; while at the other end of the link, the other TDM node 602 acts as the master for the handshake between itself and the other ISC channel 604.
While certain features of the present invention (such as the optical transmitters and receivers) necessarily incorporate hardware, other features (such as the digital logic described above) may be implemented in firmware or some combination of hardware and firmware.
As one example, one or more aspects of the present invention can be included in an article of manufacture (e.g., one or more computer program products) having, for instance, computer usable media. The media may have embodied therein, for instance, computer readable program code means for providing and facilitating the capabilities of the present invention. The article of manufacture can be included as a part of a computer system or sold separately.
Additionally, at least one program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodying at least one program of instructions executable by the machine to perform the capabilities of the present invention can be provided.
The flow diagrams depicted herein are just examples. There may be many variations to these diagrams or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the claimed invention.
While the preferred embodiment to the invention has been described, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow. These claims should be construed to maintain the proper protection for the invention first described.
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|Accenture Llp
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|Optical device having an adjustable gain and a method of dynamically adjusting the gain of an optical device
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|Free-space optical WDM communication system
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|Method and architecture for optical networking between server and storage area networks
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|Optical signal transmission apparatus and optical signal transmission method
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|Jan 26, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co.; Ltd
|Communication/broadcast multiplexer and demultiplexer used in communication/broadcast-integrated system
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|Jan 26, 2006
|Kenro Sekine
|Optical transmission equipment preventing mulfunction in recovery from fault
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|Jun 28, 2007
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Open fiber control and loss of light propagation in time division multiplexed inter-system channel link
|"Cisco ONS 15200 and ONS 15454: The Metro DWDM and Next-Generation Transport Solution", pp. 1-6, Aug. 2002.
|"TimePilot-Time Division Multiplexer 4-1", Controlware GmbH, 2002, pp. 1-6.
|"TimePilot—Time Division Multiplexer 4-1", Controlware GmbH, 2002, pp. 1-6.
|Anita Karve "Wave Division Multiplexing", Network Magazine, Aug. 1999, pp. 1-4.
|CMX-IG2/CMX-G2 Fiber Channel/Gigabit Ethernet Multiplexer 2-Channel Multiplexer Card, pp. 1-2, Apr. 2003.
|Hung et al. "An Optical Sampled Subcarrier Multiplexing Scheme for Nonlinear Distortion Reduction in Lightwave CATV Networks", GLOBECOM '02, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Nov. 2002, pp. 2828-2831.
|Metod Lebar "Increasing the Productivity of Existing Fiber", Communications Engineering & Design, Jan. 2002, pp. 1-3.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 3, 2007
|Apr 12, 2011
|Acterna Llc
|Testing optically amplified links with time-division multiplexed test signals
|Feb 28, 2008
|Oct 4, 2011
|Finisar Corporation
|Status link for multi-channel optical communication systems
|Sep 9, 2008
|Jul 2, 2013
|Rockwell Collins, Inc.
|Optical IMA architecture
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|Sep 3, 2013
|Finisar Corporation
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|Feb 28, 2008
|Oct 14, 2014
|Finisar Corporation
|Redundancy and interoperability in multi-channel optoelectronic devices
|Nov 27, 2013
|Sep 15, 2015
|Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
|Time and wavelength division multiplexing—passive optical network (TWDM-PON) system and communication link method thereof
|Oct 3, 2007
|Apr 10, 2008
|Acterna Llc
|Testing Optically Amplified Links With Time-Division Multiplexed Test Signals
|Feb 28, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Finisar Corporation
|Status link for multi-channel optical communication systems
|Apr 30, 2008
|Oct 30, 2008
|Finisar Corporation
|Eye safety and interoperability of active cable devices
|Feb 28, 2008
|Mar 5, 2009
|Finisar Corporation
|Redundancy and interoperability in multi-channel optoelectronic devices
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|Status link for multi-channel optical communication systems
|Nov 27, 2013
|Jun 12, 2014
|Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
|Optical amplifier (oa)-based reach extender and passive optical network system including the same
|Nov 27, 2013
|Jun 12, 2014
|Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute
|Time and wavelength division multiplexing - passive optical network (twdm-pon) system and communication link method thereof
|Feb 9, 2015
|Jul 2, 2015
|Kuang-Chi Innovative Technology Ltd.
|Light signal-based information processing method and device
|U.S. Classification
|398/75, 398/34, 398/30, 398/98, 398/35, 398/74, 398/17
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 15, 2006
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text:
[ Source: phppgadmin ]
Package: phppgadmin (5.1+ds-2)
Links for phppgadmin
Debian Resources:
Download Source Package phppgadmin:
- Debian PostgreSQL Maintainers (QA Page, Mail Archive)
- Christoph Berg (QA Page)
- Jean-Michel Vourgère (QA Page)
External Resources:
- Homepage [phppgadmin.sourceforge.net]
Similar packages:
web-based administration tool for PostgreSQL
phpPgAdmin is a web-based administration tool for PostgreSQL. It is perfect for PostgreSQL DBAs, newbies and hosting services.
* Administer multiple servers * Manage all aspects of: * Users & groups * Databases * Schemas * Tables, indexes, constraints, triggers, rules & privileges * Views, sequences & functions * Advanced objects * Reports * Easy data manipulation: * Browse tables, views & reports * Execute arbitrary SQL * Select, insert, update and delete * Dump table data in a variety of formats: SQL, COPY, XML, XHTML, CSV, Tabbed, pg_dump * Import SQL scripts, COPY data, XML, CSV and Tabbed * Supports the Slony master-slave replication engine * Excellent language support: * Available in 27 languages * No encoding conflicts. Edit Russian data using a Japanese interface! * Easy to install and configure
Other Packages Related to phppgadmin
- dep: dpkg (>= 1.17.13)
- Debian package management system
- dep: libapache2-mod-php
- server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) (default)
also a virtual package provided by libapache2-mod-php7.0
- or php-cgi
- server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (CGI binary) (default)
also a virtual package provided by php7.0-cgi
- or php
- server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (default)
also a virtual package provided by php7.0
- dep: libjs-jquery
- JavaScript library for dynamic web applications
- dep: libphp-adodb
- ADOdb is a PHP database abstraction layer library
- dep: php-pgsql
- PostgreSQL module for PHP [default]
also a virtual package provided by php7.0-pgsql
- rec: apache2 (>= 2.4.20~)
- Apache HTTP Server
- or httpd
- virtual package provided by aolserver4-core, aolserver4-daemon, apache2, ebhttpd, lighttpd, micro-httpd, mini-httpd, nginx-extras, nginx-full, nginx-light, ocsigenserver, tntnet, webfs, yaws
- sug: postgresql
- object-relational SQL database (supported version)
- sug: postgresql-doc
- documentation for the PostgreSQL database management system
- sug: slony1-bin
- virtual package provided by slony1-2-bin
Download phppgadmin
|Package Size
|Installed Size
|442.5 kB
|2,791.0 kB
|[list of files]


text:
Join FREE | Login
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German Chocolate Cake with Coconut-Pecan Frosting
Chocolate Pecan Bars
Walnut Fudge Bars
Gooey Caramel-Chocolate Bars
Pumpkin-Spice Bars with Cream Cheese Frosting
Chocolate Cherry Bars
With coffee infused in both the base and frosting, these bars sweetly complement either a steaming cup of coffee or a tall glass of milk!
If you like, you can use instant coffee granules and put the granules through a fine sieve. The flavor will not be as pronounced as with espresso powder.
These bars can be made ahead, wrapped airtight and frozen. Take them out of the freezer at least 1 hour before serving.
© 2016 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


text:
List is made up of actors like Martin Sheen and Orson Welles.
If you want to answer the questions, "Who starred in the movie Catch-22?" and "What is the full cast list of Catch-22?" then this page has got you covered.
This cast list of who was in Catch-22 includes both lead and minor roles. (22 items)
- 1
Orson Welles Citizen Kane, The Third Man, The Muppet Movie
- 2
Jon Voight Transformers, Heat, Mission: Impossible
- 3
Martin Sheen Apocalypse Now, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Departed
- 4
Alan Arkin Edward Scissorhands, Little Miss Sunshine, Argo
- 5
Bob Balaban Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Moonrise Kingdom, Midnight Cowboy
- 6
Martin Balsam Psycho, On the Waterfront, Breakfast at Tiffany's
- 7
Anthony Perkins Psycho, Murder on the Orient Express, The Black Hole
- 8
Norman Fell The Graduate, Bullitt, Inherit the Wind
- 9
Austin Pendleton Finding Nemo, A Beautiful Mind, My Cousin Vinny
- 10
Charles Grodin Rosemary's Baby, Heaven Can Wait, Midnight Run
- 11
Peter Bonerz Catch-22, Man on the Moon, What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice?
- 12
Bob Newhart Elf, The Rescuers, Horrible Bosses
- 13
Buck Henry The Graduate, Heaven Can Wait, Grumpy Old Men
- 14
Paula Prentiss The Parallax View, Catch-22, The Stepford Wives
- 15
Jack Gilford Cocoon, Catch-22, Caveman
- 16
Marcel Dalio Casablanca, To Have and Have Not, Pillow Talk
- 17
Elizabeth Wilson The Graduate, The Birds, 9 to 5
- 18
Art Garfunkel Catch-22, Carnal Knowledge, Boxing Helena
- 19
Richard Benjamin Westworld, The Last of Sheila, Catch-22
- 20
Jon Korkes Catch-22, The Front Page, Riding in Cars with Boys
- 21;
- 22
Susanne Benton Catch-22, A Boy and His Dog, That Cold Day in the Park


text:
Whether you're after the latest travel advice or are simply looking for some inspiration for your next holiday, you'll find everything that you need here.
Surrounded by scenic walks, it's the perfect weekend escape.
Continue reading
10 lesser known National Parks to visit in 2017.
We've pulled together some of the most beautiful river cruise options.
Read more
If you love music, a special interest music holiday could be for you.
Don't get caught out by the small print in your travel insurance policy.
Saga brings you its favourite self-catering villas.
Continue reading
Holiday cottage rentals....but not as you know it!
Country living has never felt so good…
Where to stay, where to eat and what to do in this fabulous market town.
Our tip to avoid the dreaded 'traveller's tummy'…
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11 reasons why women should not be afraid of travelling solo
All-inclusive holidays are a perfect way to ensure all your catering needs...
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text:
A letter written to The Miami Herald by Ceci Sanchez, whose father was martyred during the Bay of Pigs:
My father died at the Bay of Pigs Invasion
This Easter Sunday is especially sad for me. My father died this weekend 53 years ago at the failed Bay of Pigs invasion.
My dad, Jose Ignacio Maciá, a father of four, was a handsome charmer, a lady's man, a great sport fisherman as member of the Cuba Tuna Team, a medal-winning athlete, high-stakes card player, sugarcane rancher, nonpolitical 38-year-old man who on a January day in 1961 called me up at my Philadelphia boarding school to tell me that he had just left Cuba and would be joining the training camps to liberate our country.
As a 14-year-old, I just listened and promised to write every day to a P.O. box address he gave me. It is in those treasured letters that I find and finally accept the reason for him joining the brigade. It was his sense of duty and a feeling of guilt for having led a very "easy" life that made him join this effort to liberate Cuba.
After three short days of battle, between April 17-19, 1961, out of ammunition and realizing that promised support would not appear, their last communication from headquarters, which was my father's assignment, was, "We will never abandon our country," refusing to be evacuated.
They went into the swamps and were eventually apprehended. Together with 140-plus prisoners, my dad was stuffed into an unventilated metal truck previously used to carry refrigerated meat for the journey to Havana. By the time the truck, called a rastra in Cuba, arrived — nine men were dead inside. They had suffocated on this trip that took more than seven hours under the midday sun. My dad was one of them. The man who ordered this atrocity, Osmany Cienfuegos, is still alive in Cuba.
This crime will not be forgotten, and my dad is always present before my eyes. During all these years, I have tried to solicit information on my father's last days from brigade members, but now realize that I should let the yearning rest.
Ceci Sanchez, Key Biscayne


text:
This is a large project, so I'll be breaking this into multiple parts. Some of this information was previously published, here and on other blogs I've operated in the past. Where possible, when information comes from external sources, I will credit it here.
Boring Backstory
I had budgetary reasons to migrate from my old cPanel server (I've been using cPanel to host my websites since, I dunno, 2005-2006, and always stuck with it for legacy/can't be arsed reasons) to a new infrastructure. As technology improved, I had moved from a cPanel shared hosting account, to cPanel reseller accounts, to cPanel on a VPS, to cPanel on a dedicated server, back to cPanel as a virtual machine (using a custom KVM hypervisor/public cloud product provided by an old employer, and then to a VMware VM on ESXi)… but it was time to stop paying for a cPanel license when I know how to admin servers and have no need for it any more, and it was time to get a cheaper, more efficient way to manage my various projects, websites, e-mail infrastructure, etc. This is that story. Are there better ways to do most of these things? Probably. I will highlight specifics that I would do differently, were I to do this again, when we get to those. But otherwise, I feel like this is a good overview, not only for the specific topic in the post title, but in general for how to set up a home lab, or "private cloud" of sorts.
The pieces and parts
A very brief overview of what comprises my infrastructure.
- A cheap, dedicated server; or, a workstation in your closet, depending on your public-facing needs.
- Don't pay more than $75/mo for a hosted dedicated server.
- If you want to self-host, pick up an old tower-style IBM ThinkServer on eBay. I have a friend who picked one up at their current going-rate of $200-$300.
- For the purposes of this guide, you'll need something no older than a Nehalem-class Xeon CPU. That's something like an L/X/E5520.
- Aim for >=16GB RAM. Preference for a >=1TB spinning disk and =>250GB SSD at the very least; RAID1 at a minimum is preferred. I recommend it, but we're going budget here, so I'm not actually using it to be honest.
- OS on the bare metal depends on item #2 below.
- A virtualization system of your choice. Because of my experience with it, and the fact that it provides a WUI, I prefer oVirt. You may prefer VMware ESXi, the free one. Apparently it also comes with a WUI appliance now. This guide assumes you will use oVirt (don't worry, I'll walk you through it).
- opnSense as a NATing firewall.
- Ajenti and Ajenti V to manage vhosts. You can create all the nginx config files by hand, if you prefer, but I had a large number to manage, and I prefer Ajenti.
Part 1 – Installing oVirt
While I call this product a "private cloud," we are going to start with a single management/compute node, because it's necessary to keep within the budget. All of these items can be seamlessly expanded by simply repeating Part 1 as many times as you like to expand your cloud to multiple nodes. The technologies in oVirt and opnSense will bridge across any nodes you add, so this actually can be deployed as a private cloud; you can even span multiple data centers and geographic locations, if you like, although have fun with the latency.
This part of the guide comes from an old oVirt blog I used to run when I was running an oVirt infrastructure full-time. Modifications are made to the previous post to allow for oVirt to properly handle the NATing of the opnSense firewall.
This guide assumes that you will be using Intel-based servers that have the following BIOS settings enabled: Virtualization, and Disable Execute. Dig around in your BIOS settings before installing oVirt to make sure both these options are enabled.
This guide will also be using CentOS rather than Fedora or oVirt Node for all host installations. I found oVirt Node very difficult to deal with, and you will not be able to install "shared local" storage using oVirt Node because you do not have root read/write access to the filesystem with that OS. There is a much greater memory usage overhead using CentOS, so be warned.
This guide assumes a basic familiarity with CentOS, NFS, SSH, and to a lesser extent, oVirt itself. Further explanation and documentation on these technologies exists on their developers' websites.
Install CentOS
First, install CentOS on your first machine. This should be fairly simple. Install the basic minimum server distribution. When the OS starts for the first time, make sure sshd is up, iptables is empty, and that you save the sshd and iptables configurations. If you are using a dedicated server provider, you may want to uninstall some packages from their default OS deployment. I would strongly recommend going with a dedicated server provider that provides some sort of IP over KVM so that you can ensure you are running as lean as possible.
Once the OS is deployed, prepare the environment by wiping out the iptables rules.
iptables -F
/etc/init.d/iptables save
Install the oVirt repository
yum localinstall https://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release35.rpm
Install oVirt Engine
yum install -y ovirt-engine
Engine setup
Okay, so you've got all the packages installed, it's time to set up the oVirt engine. This is done via a simple command-line function:
This will guide you through the installation of the oVirt Engine. Historically, I've had issues with the firewall configuration, so I do not let the engine setup perform this for me. For security, you should have the engine setup configure a firewall, but make sure to manually edit
/etc/sysconfig/iptables to punch holes in it for ports 80, 443, and the NFS/portmapper ports, as you'll need them later. Accept all the other defaults, but don't configure an ISO domain at this time.
Set up NFS
yum -y install nfs-utils
/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
/etc/init.d/nfs start
chkconfig nfs on
chkconfig rpcbind on
In addition to starting the NFS services, you need to configure /etc/exports. You should have lines in it for the loopback and public IPs of your current server, as well as any other servers you will be adding to the cluster. oVirt also requires very specific NFS settings. If you're running with separate spinning disk and SSD volumes, I would recommend setting these up as separate exports in NFS. Make sure these mount points exist and you have your filesystems set up the way you want them.
/isos 127.0.0.1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,all_squash,anonuid=36,anongid=36)
/vmhdd 127.0.0.1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,all_squash,anonuid=36,anongid=36)
/vmssd 127.0.0.1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check,all_squash,anonuid=36,anongid=36)
Set up your NFS storage domain
Set the appropriate permissions on your NFS mount points.
chown -R 36:36 /isos /vmhdd /vmssd
exportfs -a
Add the host in oVirt
Now, it's time to use the web browser. Log into your server via HTTPS; for example, https://192.168.1.2, and click on the Administration Portal link. Enter the username "admin" and the password you specified during engine-setup.
Now go to the Hosts tab and click new. Put in the IP address and root password of your first node. Warning: click Advanced Settings and disable the automatic firewall configuration, or ports 80 and 443 will be blocked and you won't be able to access the web admin any more. Wait for the node installation to finish (several yum packages will be installed). If you're setting up a true private cloud, and you've been running these steps on multiple servers, you can add all your hosts at the same time.
Add the storage domain
Now it's time to add your storage. Click the Storage tab and click New Storage. Select your new data center and give your new storage a name; for example, VM-HDD. Spaces are not allowed in storage domains. For Use Host, select the node that contains the directory you created; i.e. for your first node, select your first node from the drop-down list. This is important; if you have a mis-match of the node and directory names, this will fail. Finally, in the location, specify the bound IP address of your node, followed by the path of your storage domain. For example:
It will take several minutes for the cluster to come online and your storage to become usable. Add all your exports except your ISO domain in this step.
ISO domain
Now you can create an ISO domain. This has the same setup as a storage domain, except under Domain Function / Storage Type, select ISO/NFS. Point to your ISO folder:
P.S.: Uploading to ISO domains
I found it very difficult to parse how to upload ISOs to storage domains. The easiest way is to download your files locally on the same host that your ISO domain exists on, and then use the ovirt-iso-uploader.
ovirt-iso-uploader -r 192.168.1.2 --iso-domain=ISOs upload Fedora-Live-KDE-x86_64-22-3.iso
This will copy the file from your "local" filesystem to your "NFS" filesystem. Since it's a local copy, it won't take long.
Tweaks for opnSense
oVirt networking is not set up to pass NAT traffic properly. Make the following tweaks to fix this.
First, look at all of your networks:
ifconfig -a
This is the first caveat; I've said that there are probably better ways to do this; I don't know which of these networks actually require these settings, so I've disabled these settings on all of the networks I could. This is just a trial-and-error dump of getting the NAT to pass traffic properly.
ethtool -K vnet3 tx off
ethtool -K vnet gso off
ethtool -K vnet3 gso off
ethtool -K vnet2 gso off
ethtool -K vnet1 gso off
ethtool -K vnet0 gso off
ethtool -K ovirtmgmt gso off
ethtool -K bond0 gso off
ethtool -K ovirtmgmt tx off
ethtool --offload ovirtmgmt rx off tx off
ethtool --offload eth0 rx off tx off
ethtool -k eth0
ethtool -K eth0 tso off
ethtool -K eth1 tso off
ethtool --offload eth1 rx off tx off
ethtool --offload bond0 rx off tx off
ethtool -K bond0 gso off
ethtool -K bond0 tso off
That's as far as we'll cover in part 1. Take a look around your first node (or nodes). Explore oVirt a bit. We'll cover adding a VM and installing opnSense next.


text:
- Etoile2B
- Reviews: 518
Eagle House Inn: Victorian Inn
We reached Eureka and decided to sleep here for the night and get out of the rain. We started driving through town, pricing hotels and finally settled on the Eagle House Inn. The Innkeeper was closing the facility for the next few months the following morning so we ended up having the entire place to ourselves. The Victorian hotel has been beautifully restored, and I would love to return to see what else they are planning to do to it. Empty, spare for us, the property did have a slight "Shining" feel to it that only added to the charm. Our room was spacious and beautifully appointed and the Victorian charm added to the experience of staying in Downtown Eureka. Another plus is the hotel's proximity to the downtown area, walking distance from many shops, bars and restaurants.
Beautifully restored Victorian Inn. Sitting room, with morning coffee and juice, ballroom and turn-of-the-century appointed guest rooms.
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1952 Eastwind Drive UNIT 14, Muskegon MI, 49444
2 beds , 1 Full/1 Half baths
1,082 sqft
Status: Active
Last Updated: 3/1/2017 11:25 AM
Description for 1952 Eastwind Drive UNIT 14 Muskegon, MI 49444
New Developer condos, conveniently positioned near dining, shopping, highways, parks and beaches; this is Catalina Shores. Reputable local builder, Tim Run Associates, is now at the helm of this project, offering 4 customizable floor plans from which to choose. Privately set adjacent to Fruitport Golf Club with the added benefit of lower township taxes. Low maintenance living frees time for hobbies and all the recreation perks that the lakeshore offers! High-grade dry & heated crawl spaces act like a 3/4 basement, providing storage solutions that are often overlooked in condo developments. Top notch construction techniques, including soundproofing methods, ensure a quality home for years to come. This model is The Bayshore, and features 2 BD, 1.5 BA with laundry area and two-stall garage
Fruitport Twp
1 Full/1 Half
1,082 (approx)
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Fruitport Twp
Crawl Space
Public Sewer
Cable TV, Telephone, Natural Gas
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Dishwasher, Microwave, Range, Refrigerator
Central Air
Gas Heat, Forced Air
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Attached Garage, 2 Car Garage
In Ground Sprinklers
Lake, End Unit, Paved Road, Acreage
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US 31 to Pontaluna east to Quarterline Rd N to East Wind to address.
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Muskegon Real Estate
Muskegon is located in Michigan. Muskegon, Michigan 49444 has a population of 38,401.
The median household income in Muskegon, Michigan 49444 is $25,989. The median household income for the surrounding county is $41,842 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Muskegon 49444 is 35 years.
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Mobile In The Moment
by Dev Crews on Aug 30, 9:22 AM
There's a good chance you're reading this on your phone. Like many people, I have become somewhat addicted to my smartphone, multi-tasking my way through the day with Siri, while I watch television, listen to the radio, use my laptop or tablet, commute, shop, you name it. I even use its other functions while I chat on the phone! The latest data indicate I am not alone.
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Go Big, Go Cross-Screen Or Go Home
by Will Kassoy on Aug 23, 6:39 AM
On any given Monday, there are two types of executives in Hollywood; Type B has just seen the take from an opening weekend, and it's way below expectations. Type B would like to hide under the desk. Type A can't wait to walk the halls, get a coffee and maybe exchange some fist bumps, because Type A's movie has absolutely nailed its opening weekend.
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SCORE-ing Great Advice
by Alison Hill on Aug 16, 6:45 AM
Executive volunteers help entrepreneurs grow their businesses.
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A Tale Of Two TV Networks
by Doug Chavez on Aug 9, 7:21 AM
I got to thinking about this opening line from the class novel A Tale of Two Cities as I was looking at the disparity of live broadcast coverage of the London Olympic Games. Chances are pretty good that you are one of over 32 million Americans who has tuned into the Sumer Olympics on NBC. Chances are also pretty good that you may have been one of the millions of NBC viewers using #NBCFAIL because of a severe time delay of coverage here in the U.S.
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When Social Media Makes It Harder To Achieve Celeb Super-athlete Status
by Chris Raih on Aug 2, 7:04 AM
Kobe Bryant recently sparked a debate when he intimated that the current U.S. senior men's basketball team could have beaten the famed Dream Team of 1992. For sports fans and talking heads, it's the best of topics: inexhaustible angles and no tangible way to settle the argument.
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More Videos...
1970 GTO vs 1969 Trans Am
400 4speed vs 400 4speed Round 3
Hemmings - 1971 Mustang Boss 351 vs 1974 Trans Am SD 455
351 4speed 4.56 vs 455 auto 3.90 as seen in Dec 2011 issue of Hemmings Muscle Machines
1969 Corvette L88 vs 1970 Hemi Cuda
427 auto vs 426 auto
PONTIAC - stock Pontiac Super Duty 421v8/405hp vs stock Chevy 409v8/409hp on DYNO
WATCH THE VID TO SEE HOW CLOSE THEY Dyno TO THEIR FACTORY 405hp/409hp ratings. Growing up.....Pontiac/Oldsmobile old timers/EXPERTS who taught me most of what I know, often told me Chevy rated their horsepower in a more optimistic way than say Oldsmobile or Pontiac. I've even heard Pontiac rated/tested their engines in a 100 degree room, compared to Chevy in a 60 degree room. These Dyno results seem to reflect that some of what I heard was true. Both of these engines are great, but the results do seem to show that Pontiac was not rating their horsepower worrying if it would cause "songs to be written" about their engines .... like the great song "She's real fine my 409"--(Chevy).


text:
FairyTale City
By: YesGnome Gaming Solutions
Welcome to the walkthrough for the iOS game FairyTale City, if you are looking for ways to make it to the next level, and to improve gaming experience as a master player, you've come to the right place. Here you will find FairyTale City tips, tricks and guides, as well as the opportunity to share your own discoveries to help others move on and beat the game.
If you can't find the answer to your question you are welcome to post it in the comments section below. This way others who know the answer can help you by sharing their own tips and advices.
FairyTale City game app is developed by YesGnome Gaming and available on iTunes and Google Play. For more details on the app, check out our review.
- App name: FairyTale City
- Seller: YesGnome Gaming
- Category: Role Playing
- Updated: Dec 16, 2011
FairyTale City iOS/Android Gameplay
Check out these tutorial for all levels of FairyTale City. We'll continue to update this list with the latest answers as new levels are released.
FairyTale City Answers
- Basic Game Guide Part One - iphone ipad gameplay video
Hit like if this helped you!
Until the Walkthrough is completed, feel free to ask for help in the comments section.


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New Member
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post #1 of 7 Old 03-16-2008, 11:09 PM Thread Starter
Damsels fighting
I have a 4 stripe damsel and a azure damsel and the 4 stripe is little but seems to be picking a fight with the bigger azure damsel even though it gets run off every time. They seem to want to stick aaround each other but always seem to be fighting. I dont get it and i am afraid the little 4 stripe will get hurt o t even killed
post #2 of 7 Old 03-16-2008, 11:10 PM Thread Starter
also the 4 stripe seems to be hungry all the time. the azure always runs him off
post #3 of 7 Old 03-17-2008, 12:26 AM
This is common Damsel behaivor. Damsels are very aggresive fish, and when in small tanks in small numbers, they fish other fish. What size tank is this and what system are you running? How long has this tank been running for?
post #4 of 7 Old 03-17-2008, 12:35 AM Thread Starter
29 Gallon FOWLR Running for 4 weeks. They are doing good and stay togather but fight alot
post #5 of 7 Old 03-18-2008, 06:49 PM
I am having the same problem. I have 2 blue damsels but the larger of the 2 is fighting with the smaller. He used to hide behind one of my powerheads but since changing my filtration and moving the powerhead he does not know where to go. Since then his tail fin has a huge chunk missing and the larger damsel is all over him. I had moved them into the larger 55g tank they are in from a smaller 20g tank. When in the 20g they were fine. I am just waiting it out right now chalking it up to damsels being damsels.
55g reef tank since 1/08
Location: Lehigh Valley, PA
post #6 of 7 Old 03-19-2008, 12:43 AM Thread Starter
LOL Thats is exactly what mine does, goes behing the powerhead and heater at the top right of the tank
post #7 of 7 Old 04-28-2008, 03:55 AM
Re: Damsels fighting
Originally Posted by Bandit4575`
I have a 4 stripe damsel and a azure damsel and the 4 stripe is little but seems to be picking a fight with the bigger azure damsel even though it gets run off every time. They seem to want to stick aaround each other but always seem to be fighting. I dont get it and i am afraid the little 4 stripe will get hurt o t even killed
I've heard that introducing a larger fish may make them settle down abit, but in my own experience it didn't help me much. What i have done now is put them in separate tanks coz I have spare quarantine tanks, but there r other options like dividing the tank in 2 or putting one of them in an egg hatchery that sticks to the glass, or even if worse comes 2 worse, returning 1 of them to the fish shop u bought them from. In all cases catching damzels is very hard, good luck what ever u do.
Do u have much rockwork/hiding places, if not u could try that, may help, but damzels r notorious 4 aggressive and territorial behaviour and if u plan on expanding ur tank mate population u will most definately find that they will pick on just about everybody they can.
hope this helps
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Britain's longest-serving MP is to stand down at the general election, potentially clearing the way for Boris Johnson to return to Westminster.
Sir Peter Tapsell, 84, is to retire next year – 56 years after he was first elected as a Conservative MP at the age of 29.
His decision to stand down in the safe seat of Louth and Horncastle in Lincolnshire, which he held at the last election with a 13,871 majority will intensify speculation over the Mayor of London's intentions.
David Cameron said he wants the Mayor of London back in the Commons after the election.
Mr Johnson has always insisted that he will see out his term in the capital, due to end in 2016, but the Prime Minister suggested he "can stay on as mayor and come back to the House".
As a result of his lengthy parliamentary service, Sir Peter is Father of the House, the title bestowed on the MP who has served in the Commons for the longest unbroken spell.
Sir Peter won West Nottingham from Labour in 1959, only to lose it five years later. He returned to the Commons two years later.Reuse content


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Softspikes Push Divot Tool
This divot tool promotes the proper method of repairing ball/pitch marks on the green. By pushing rather than lifting, it will not damage the green's delicate roots.
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I'm new to the DX50 (1 week) and I use iTunes exclusively (on Macbook) to manage my music and have all of my lossless files as ALAC up to 24/96. The DX50 plays the ALAC just fine. No issues I'm aware of other than a slight UI bug that dislays them as 32 bit instead of 24 bit.
I have had zero problems with the DX50 reading and playing my entire library. No media scanning issues, no hang-ups, all artwork showing etc. I have ALAC, AAC and some old MP3. All play fine.
When loading up my Sandisk 64GB micro SDXC card, I simply dragged and dropped all of my artist files that are in the "Music" folder. Using the DX50 directory function, I navigate by the artist folders. Simple. The "all Music" sorted by artist, album etc. works too, but I prefer the directory.
I'm more than happy wth the performance of the DX50 and leveraging the files iTunes creates keeps my life simple.
PS, after re-reading your post, you mention that iTunes only supports 16/44. It supports the 24bit high res files too but Airplay only supports 16/44 and if you want to use an external DAC (with Mac) you'll need an App like Bitperfect to automatically control the MIDI settings to output the proper bitrate to the USB DAC. It's wierd that iTunes doesn't do that but Bitperfect does.
Edited by FlyinMN - 11/5/13 at 10:10am


text:
Blackthorn Irish PubPub, Irish, Pubs
209 South Talbot St.
(410) 745-8011
Amy P.
I love an Irish Pub, and having worked in two, I'm picky. This one certainly passes muster. Dinner started with a 20 year old Jameson, that was lovely,...read more
Being an Irish Pub connoisseur we were so disappointed. From the 80's music to the service. It was a horrible! The service was slow and clueless. The food...read more
Kathie P.
Absolutely loved this place. Blackthorn is a really nice local pub in downtown St. Michaels. We stopped in for happy hour and were thoroughly entertained...read more
cold beer & great pub food -- beer/cheese dip & pretzels are amazing.read more
Jillian T.
Good atmosphere, lovely service and the pretzels are soft and salty!read more
Peter G.
Friendly place, try the Sheppards Pie!read more
Great fried pickles! This place used to be the "big pickle."read more
: Out of business.read more


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Album On the Loose
Label 2 13 61 Records
Released March 19, 1996
This site contains content from artists, fans, and writers from around the internet in it's natural form. Such content is not representative of Viacom Media Networks.
©2017 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. MTV and all related titles and logos are trademarks of Viacom International Inc.


text: Corsair's New XMS2 Dominator DDR2-10000 RAM Doesn't Include Leather PantsJesus Diaz3/12/07 12:50pmFiled to: CorsairCeBIT07CeBIT2007Corsair XMS2 DominatorDDR2DominatorRAM8EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink CeBIT'07 new product avalanche is about to hit us like a hundred walkyries brandishing bratwursts, cellphones dipped in sauerkraut and RAM modules like the new Corsair XMS2 Dominator. This 2 Gbytes DDR2 module is now available in PC2-9136 and PC2-10000 speeds and they come with more acronyms than a NASA launch checklist: they have DHX (Dual-path Heat Xchange) with a dedicated heatsink for the PCB (printed circuit board). On top of that, they are NVIDIA SLI ready and feature EPP (Enhanced Performance Profiles), which enhances SPD (Serial Presence Detect) and apparently is great for over-clocking. OK, Corsair. WE (whatever). I'll be waiting for the gold version myself. I don't care about overclocking, I just want the bling-bling. Product page [Corsair]Reply8 repliesLeave a reply


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Alcohol and Cancer
Do two large glasses of wine triple your risk of mouth cancer, as claimed on a health leaflet spotted by a sceptical listener? Tim Harford examines the difficulties of extracting smoking from the equation.
Surprising as this may seem, one of the world's best tennis players of all time, Roger Federer, is also the worst ranked player on one scale. The scoring system makes it possible to lose a match despite winning more points, and Federer has lost the highest percentage of these types of games. Tim speaks to sports number-cruncher Ryan Rodenberg about why this might be the case.
Presenter: Tim Harford
Producer: Ruth Alexander


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A few readers have asked recently if there are basements in the Phoenix area. Very few. Some in the older homes built in the 1920s-1940s. Maybe a few in the 1980s-1990s. The ground is too hard here. Not worth the money and time to dig or excavate a basement.
And then this Glendale, Arizona home popped up this morning; sold for $60,000. A fixer-upper with no air conditioning. With a hole in the floor.
Here's your basement!


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Share the Love Month at Espresso News
Espresso News
88.5 WFDD staff will be at Espresso News in Boone on Friday, February 24th, from 7:30AM - 10:30AM to celebrate "Share the Love Month!" We're celebrating our relationship with YOU, our listeners, and we want to know
THIS EVENT IS SOLD OUT! You can add your name to a waiting list here. We'll contact you if any tickets are released.
Join us for a WFDD Listening Party at reynolda thursday!


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Design pack for Android ()
This project received 11 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $474 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$250 - $750 USD
Total Bids11
Project Description
We are looking for qualified design team who has experience in creating design for
Android OS. Designer team must be familiar with Android design rules:
[url removed, login to view]
What we need?
- One launcher icon in Android way (Android style) No Apple style icons
- Two screens
1) One screen for menu Favorites
2) One screen for menu Downloads
Every screen must be clear and beautiful in png format and with transparent background.
- One Feature Graphic for Google Play
Specs: 1024w x 500h, 24 bit PNG or JPEG (no alpha) with no transparency.
more info here: [url removed, login to view]
- One button in [url removed, login to view]
[url removed, login to view]
Once again, you must be familiar with design for Android.
Skills Required
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
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