text: View Full Chapter Figures Only Tables Only Videos Only Print Share Twitter Facebook Linkedin Reddit Email Get Citation Citation AMA Citation Chapter 37. Inherited Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System. In: Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Ropper A.H., Samuels M.A. Eds. Allan H. Ropper, and Martin A. Samuels.eds. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2009. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/Content.aspx?bookid=354§ionid=40236350. Accessed February 27, 2017. MLA Citation . "Chapter 37. Inherited Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System." Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9e Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Ropper A.H., Samuels M.A. Eds. Allan H. Ropper, and Martin A. Samuels. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009, http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/Content.aspx?bookid=354§ionid=40236350. Download citation file: RIS (Zotero) EndNote BibTex Medlars ProCite RefWorks Reference Manager © Copyright Tools Search Book Top Return Clip Chapter 37. Inherited Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System ++ Advances in biochemistry and molecular genetics have led to the discovery of such a large number of metabolic diseases of the nervous system that it taxes the mind just to remember their names. As the causes and mechanisms of the diseases included in this chapter (and in several that follow) are increasingly being expressed in terms of molecular genetics, it seems appropriate, by way of introduction, to consider briefly some basic facts pertaining to the genetics of neurologic disease. A complete account of this subject may be found in the four-volume text edited by Scriver and colleagues. The reader is referred to the continuously updated Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, a catalog of genetic disorders developed by V.A. McKusick and his colleagues and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (queried through: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim). ++ The biochemistry of every human organism is, of course, unique. Constitutional predispositions to disease lie in the variations of DNA of the chromosomes of each cell. Knowledge of the molecular basis of these diatheses may ultimately provide the means of diagnosis, prevention, and perhaps treatment of many human diseases. ++ The diseases grouped in this chapter and the next represent four particular categories of genetic abnormality: (1) monogenic disorders determined by a single mutant gene that follow a mendelian pattern of inheritance; (2) multifactorial disorders, again following a mendelian pattern of inheritance but in which intrinsic (i.e., genetic) factors interact with exogenous environmental ones—susceptibility to these agents probably depend on single nucleotide polymorphisms within normal genes; (3) nonmendelian chromosomal aberrations, characterized by an excess, a lack, or a structural alteration of one or more of the 23 pairs of chromosomes (these are considered in the next chapter, with the developmental disorders); and (4) mitochondrial transmission of disease in a nonmendelian, mainly maternal pattern. ++ As stated in the monograph of Scriver and colleagues, 6 to 8 percent of diseases in hospitalized children are attributable to single-gene defects and 0.4 to 2.5 percent to a chromosomal abnormality. Another 22 to 31 percent have a disease thought to be gene-influenced. In the general population, when multifactorial inheritance of late-onset diseases is included, the latter figure has been estimated to rise to approximately 60 percent. Mitochondrial inheritance of mutations is much less frequent. ++ The nervous system is more frequently affected by a genetic abnormality than any other organ system, probably because of the large number of genes implicated in its development (an estimated one-third of the human genome). Approximately one-third of all inherited diseases are neurologic in some respect; if one adds the inherited diseases affecting the musculature, skeleton, eye, and ear, the number rises to 80 to 90 percent. ++ Although only a minority of inherited diseases is identified as an enzymopathy, this group represents the most direct translation of mendelian disorders to primary defects in proteins. These constitute only one-third of the known recessive (autosomal and X-linked) disorders. Most of the enzymopathies ... Log In to View MoreIf you don't have a subscription, please view our individual subscription options below to find out how you can gain access to this content. MyAccess Sign In Username Password Create a Free MyAccess Profile Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Want remote access to your institution's subscription? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth Want remote access to your institution's subscription? Sign in to your MyAccess profile while you are actively authenticated on this site via your institution (you will be able to verify this by looking at the top right corner of the screen - if you see your institution's name, you are authenticated). Once logged in to your MyAccess profile, you will be able to access your institution's subscription for 90 days from any location. 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text:
Am replacing a leaking water pump. The replacement looks FFF identical BUT it leaks in the same spot as the old one. The installer I'm using is getting another pump but before it's installed I would like to know if the pump gasket can be installed, reversed?
Asked by for the 2005 Ford Freestyle

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Being Close to Grow Faster: A Network-Based Empirical Analysis of Economic Globalization
Globalization features one of the major global trends which shape economic outcomes in developing and developed countries. Standard results from the empirical growth literature suggest that participation in worldwide trade is an important determinant of economic growth. In contrast to previous findings, this paper argues that not only the level of openness matters (trade intensity), but the degree of integration of an economy into the global trade network is even more important for the growth performance of an economy. The new measure of integration captures the network position of an economy and takes into consideration higher order links between economies in the global trade network. First, the theoretical framework of this paper makes use of social network theory to characterize a measure of economic integration. We employ the well-established concept of centrality and construct alternative measures to describe patterns of economic globalization. Second, we make use of a unique data set constructed from the UN Comtrade database and exploit a wide set of bilateral import and export flows to characterize the country's participation in worldwide trade. Third, the identification strategy takes into account the dynamic panel structure of our data to disentangle the impact of economic integration on economic growth. Our results build on the difference and system generalized method of moments and the limited information maximum likelihood method. We take into consideration possible problems of endogeneity and lagged variables in the dynamic panel framework. The empirical analysis highlights the importance of openness and especially integration to fully understand the economic growth performance in a between and within country perspective. Controlling for the standard set of independent variables in the empirical growth literature and using different robustness checks, we find a significantly positive effect of integration on economic growth.
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The official twitter account for Jansing & Co. hosted by Chris Jansing on @msnbc Tweets from Chris are signed cj. RT's not endorsements
Face Tags
Sigourney Weaver and Chris - after today's segment on #WhiteGold
What an amazing woman - @erinmerryn joined the program today to promote Erin's law
Saw Mike Tyson who I first met when he was 16 when I was a local anchor in Albany, NY and knew his trainer
chris and the legendary dr. j
behind the scenes photo alert! #JansingCo
CJ covering the royal baby watch
Coverage of the tornado continues today on #JansingCo /pic is CJ with OK Gov.
chris jansing is in boston covering the tragedy at #bostonmarathon she's being interviewed by access hollywood right now
anchoring special coverage of the pope #popefrancis
chris and cardinal dolan!
Attn ladies: if you saw our story on bachelors you should b looking at this guy! Jon Favreau- the speechwriter (the actor is lovely too
lost in the shuffle of big news re: hagel - The new NBC comm. opened today
Rockin' around the Christmas tree
CJ and McKenna Pope - our inspirational 13 yr old #JansingCo
Extra interviews Chris about covering the tragedy at Newtown
reporting live from romney hq in boston- fun fact - its a cash bar here tonight
Celebrating smart newswomen with @moremag #girlpower
"Mitt Romney has become a captive of the Republican party" Carl Bernstein on #jansingco
can you tell me how to get to sesame street? Chris asks Elmo #jansingco
We will always remember
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India vs Australia 2017, 1st Test - Pune
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Discussion over BJP's enormous victory in Maharashtra civic polls
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text:
A Range Of UK Articles Needed (14)
This project was awarded to writingpool for £72 GBP.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget£70 GBP
Total Bids43
Project Description
We need articles writing for the following titles please (one each):
26 Festive Events To Get Involved With In Perthshire
26 Discover Perthshire This Winter
2 I Have A HP Branded Plotter? Should I Only Use HP Branded Spare Parts? (yes)
4 Get Wrapped Up In The Culture Of Fuerteventura
5 How Can I Ensure A Business Insurance Company Is Legit?
5 A Guide To Directors & Officers Insurance
20 Latest News In Bordeaux Fine Wines
24 Moving Home For The First Time! The Kitchen Essentials You Must Have
13 Ensure Your Chosen Conference Centre Has Flexible Catering Options
6 Health And Safety Guide For The S 400 HB-NC Vertical Bandsaw
14 Shabby Chic Light Options Available On The Market
7 What Is Involved In The Galvanising Process
25 FAQ's Related To Stairlifts Rental
15 The Historical And Culture Rich City Of Winchester (UK)
If you are interested then please read the guidelines below before bidding:
ALL articles MUST be written with an introduction, multiple subheadings and a conclusion.
Articles MUST be written in UK English (no American spellings), must be completely unique and not published anywhere else. Content similarity percentage must be less than 15% (which will be checked upon submission).
Payment of £5 will be made for each relevant submission of sufficient quality.
Articles are required to follow all guidelines as stated by Footsteps:
1. Payment will be made for each 500-550 word article of sufficient relevance and quality (publishable standard – high quality grammar, punctuation, spelling and flow)
2. Any article which isn't of satisfactory quality will not be accepted and payment will consequently be forfeited
3. Footsteps reserve the right to reject any article which, in our opinion, is not of publishable standard
4. Articles MUST be completely unique and not published anywhere else.
5. Statements of fact and opinion included in articles are those of the respective authors and contributors. However, all opinions reflect Footsteps and our clientele, thus require necessary judgement. Opinions must project positivity towards our clients
6. It is agreed that all articles once exchanged, are the property of Footsteps to use at our sole discretion
7. It is agreed that the exchanged articles will not be re-used anywhere else, by anyone
8. Articles are required to follow all guidelines as stated above, by choosing to work on behalf of Footsteps you accept all of the above terms.
Thank you!
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Products & ServicesSee also: Categories | Featured Products | Technical Articles | More Information
Supplier: Dart Controls, Inc.
Description: Advanced Sensorless Vector Control High starting at low speeds (150% at 0.3Hz) Full Vector Control with optional Feedback Board Improved and simplified auto-tuning Built-in PLC type programming functions Built in Modbus/RTU communications Ratings: 1/2 hp to 75 hp, 230 V, 3 phase; 1 to 600 hp,
Show More
- Drive Type: AC Sensorless Vector Drive, AC Vector / Feedback Drive
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Motor Speed Controller, Variable Speed Drive, Inverter Drive, PWM Drive
- Maximum Output Voltage: 380 to 480 volts
Supplier: Richardson RFPD
Description: Bonitron's Model M3534 series of DC Bus Ride-Thru Modules (RTM) provide protection from AC line voltage sags and outages for AC drive systems that use a fixed DC bus as with AC PWM VFDs. The Model M3534 series of DC Bus Ride-Thru Modules provides protection from line voltage sags
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- Power Rating: 15000 VA
Supplier: Yaskawa America, Inc. - Drives Division
Description: 1/2 - 500 HP This innovative drive utilizes 3 level control to offer the best solution for challenging installations. Yaskawa is the only manufacturer to offer a low voltage drive with this architecture. 3 level technology minimizes drive induced problems associated with long motor cables
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- Drive Type: AC Induction Motor, AC Synchronous Motor, AC Pole Number Control Drive, AC Sensorless Vector Drive, AC Vector / Feedback Drive
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Motor Speed Controller, Variable Speed Drive, Inverter Drive, High Frequency Drive, PWM Drive
- Maximum Output Voltage: 0.0 to 480 volts
Description: Abstract Variable speed ac drives using a PWM controlled induction motor fed from a constant voltage dc link circuit have matured as a standard drive technology for a wide range of industrial applications. In this system, the amount of energy stored in the dc link capacitor is relatively smallShow More
Supplier: Dart Controls, Inc.
Description: The L100M offers easy setup and a powerful feature set in a small, rugged package. Setup is via the integral keypad, enhanced remote keypad or ProDrive PC software. The feature set includes PID control, 16 stage multi-speed operation, auto-start and stall prevention and an intelligent terminal
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- Drive Type: AC Synchronous Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Variable Speed Drive, Inverter Drive, PWM Drive
- Rated Power: 0.2500 HP
Supplier: Yaskawa America, Inc. - Drives Division
Description: 1 HP Single-phase 115 VAC The VS mini Drive is available in 1 HP models, for 115 VAC single-phase input, with a 230 VAC, 3-phase output for conventional induction motors. Although small in size, the VS mini offers power and versatility for a wide range of applications including material handling
Show More
- Drive Type: AC Induction Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Variable Speed Drive, Inverter Drive, PWM Drive
- Rated Power: 0.5000 HP
Description: of the principles of DC and variable frequency AC drive technology. It provides an overview of drive components and types of drives, with special emphasis given to common motion control applications for each. The text goes on to cover DC and AC motor and drive operation, step motors, AC vector motors, brushlessShow More
Supplier: CARLO GAVAZZI Automation Components
Description: Carlo Gavazzi offers a range of motor controllers for soft starting/stopping, dynamic braking, and reversing of three phase squirrel cage motors. Applications include conveyor systems, pumps, compressors, industrial dryers, mixers, automatic doors, palletizers, and fans. Our soft starters are
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- Drive Type: AC Induction Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Variable Speed Drive, PWM Drive, Microcontroller Based
- Continuous Output Current: 4 amps
Supplier: Yaskawa America, Inc. - Motion Division
Description: 30W to 55kW Sigma II Amplifier is the ultimate servo solution for your automation needs. A single platform covers 30 watts to 55 kW and input voltages of 110, 230 and 480 VAC. The Sigma II amplifier can be set to torque, speed, or position control. A single-axis controller and a variety of network
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- Drive Specifications: AC Servo / Brushless Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Digital Resolution (if Applicable): 20 bits
- Commutation (if Brushless): Sinusoidal
Description: . The text goes on to cover DC and AC motor and drive operation, step motors, AC vector motors, brushless servo motors, linear stepper and linear servo motors, drive innovations such as vector drives, PWM stepper and servo drives. Feedback devices such as tachometers, resolvers, and encodersShow More
Description: Design Features Output power range 10 A peak to 30 A peak at 320 VDC Single-phase AC line input CE approved and UL listed PWM power stages Digital current, velocity, and position loops for improved motion stability Optional integrated encoder multiplier for higher throughput and reduced
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- Drive Specifications: Linear Motor
- Digital Resolution (if Applicable): 16 bits
- Servo Drive Architecture: Analog, Digital
- Continuous Output Current: 5 to 10 amps
Supplier: RS Components, Ltd.
Description: White LED lighting drivers Drives up to six white LEDs in series at 345mA. Reverse connection protected. Short-circuit protected. Waterproof Operation = Constant Current Dimming Operation = PWM AC or DC Input Voltage = DC Configuration = Open Frame Current Rating = 700mA Mounting Type = ThroughShow More
Supplier: OMEGA Engineering, Inc.
Description: of these products are available — those which convert AC inputs to DC outputs and DC inputs to AC outputs, those which drive specialized digital output loads, and those which allow analog signals to be generated from digital PWM outputs. One model allows the connection of AC inputs to PLCs having
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- Signal Converter Type: Digital-to-Analog Converter, Voltage Converter / Inverter
- Differential Channels: Yes
- Accuracy: 0.2500 % FS
- Signal Converter Package: DIN Rail
Supplier: Bodine Electric Company
Description: and the latest microprocessors for control. Matched with inverter duty AC motors, the adjustable speed system offers an alternative to DC motor and drive systems without the headaches of brush replacement. The high frequency PWM output keeps the system quiet. Installation of a CE approved RFI filterShow More
Supplier: RS Components, Ltd.
Description: The MX 5060 bench- top digital multimeter can be used for TRMS AC + DC measurements. The 60000 count double transflective backlit LCD screen with bargraph and central zero offers instantaneous display of the signal variations. To ensure good measurement stability on variable speed drives, the MX
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- Form Factor: Bench / Free-Standing
- Display Type: Digital
Supplier: Moog Components Group
Description: available Open collector tach output 0 - 5 V or PWM input speed control Internal or external drive electronics High efficiency 3-phase brushless DC motor Field oriented control for low torque ripple / low noise Optional external drive with direct access to Halls and phase leads
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- Applications: Exhaust Ventilation
- Design Configuration: Centrifugal
- Media Temperature: 158 F
- Maximum Diameter (Fan or Blower Wheel): 2.45 inch
Description: Design Features Network drives through a high-speed serial interface to coordinate up to ten axes of motion Coordinate motion using up to five independent tasks Drive and control linear or rotary brushless, DC brush servo, and micro-stepping motors Command various motion types including: point
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- Drive Type: AC Servo / Brushless Motor, Linear Motor
- Integral Motion Controller: Yes
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: PWM Drive, DSP-based
Description: Design Features Single axis digital servo controller with integral power supply and amplifier Advanced software architecture shortens customer development time; use C#, VB.Net, C, and LabVIEW combined with our full IDE and multitasking operating system Host-mode operation allows you to send
Show More
- Drive Type: AC Servo / Brushless Motor, Linear Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Servo Amplifier, Variable Speed Drive, PWM Drive, DSP-based
- Maximum Output Voltage: 10 to 320 volts
Description: The ICE1CS02/G is designed for new generations of off-line Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) with universal input and Power Factor Correction (PFC). The combined PWM controller can drive forward-type topology with lowest system BOM cost and design efford. This high performance SMPS Power Combi
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- IC Package Type: DIP / CDIP / PDIP
- Input Voltage (VIN): 11 to 26 volts
Description: up to 31st (Fundamental from 30 Hz to 450 Hz) Automatic Power Measurement with Statistics Advanced Trigger - Delay, Pulse, Video (Line Count and Field Select), PWM Motor Drive 1 kV High-voltage Probes
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- Bandwidth: 1.00E8 Hz
- Number of Input Channels: 2 (# channels)
Description: The Chroma 6400 series Programmable AC Power Source uses state of the art PWM technology to deliver pure, instrument grade AC power at very low cost never achieved before. The 6400 AC power source offers maximum rated power for any output voltage from 0 to 300VAC, at any frequency from 45 to 1K HzShow More
Programmable Power Supplies - Programmable AC Source 0-300V/45-1000Hz (9000VA), output 1 or 3 Selectable, input 3 220V -- Chroma 6490-2
Description: The Chroma 6400 series Programmable AC Power Source uses state of the art PWM technology to deliver pure, instrument grade AC power at very low cost never achieved before. The 6400 AC power source offers maximum rated power for any output voltage from 0 to 300VAC, at any frequency from 45 to 1K HzShow More
Description: Design Features Output power range from 50 A peak to 100 A peak at 320 VDC No transformer required; direct connection to AC line Capable of running brushless or single-phase DC brush motors Velocity, torque, and dual-phase mode input command Accepts both encoder or tachometer feedback
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- Drive Type: AC Servo / Brushless Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: Servo Amplifier, Variable Speed Drive, PWM Drive
- Maximum Output Voltage: 320 volts
Supplier: Schaffner EMC Inc.
Description: Sine wave filters are low pass frequency filters, which convert the rectangular PWM output signal of motor drives into a smooth sine wave voltage with low residual ripple. Sine wave filters, alternatively called output filters or sinusoidal filters, are mainly used in combination with variableShow More
Standards and Technical Documents - AVR494: AC Induction Motor Control Using the constant V/f Principle and a Natural PWM Algorithm -- 19781Supplier: Atmel Corporation
Description: This application note explains how to control the speed of an induction motor by using variable frequency drives and natural PWM modulation on an AT90PWM3/3B.Show More
Description: Design Features Single-axis digital servo controller with integral power supply and amplifier Advanced software architecture shortens customer development time; use C#, VB.Net, C, and LabVIEW?? combined with our full IDE and multitasking operating system Host-mode operation allows you to send
Show More
- Drive Type: AC Servo / Brushless Motor, Linear Motor
- Integral Motion Controller: Yes
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Application Categories: PWM Drive, DSP-based
Supplier: Bodine Electric Company
Description: Systems designed to meet your requirementsShow More
Supplier: PREMA Semiconductor GmbH
Description: The inductive converter PR4101 drives single or multiple LEDs with currents from 100mA up to several amps, depending on the configuration of external components, from a supply voltage of 9V up to 40V. The driver is suitable for applications with 12V or 24V batteries as well as in lighting fixtures
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- Supply Voltage: Other
- Pin Count: 8
- Features: ESD Protected
Microcontrollers (MCU) - 8051 compatible 8-bit Microcontroller, XC800 I-Family (Industrial & Multimarket), XC88x-Series -- SAF-XC886LM-6FFI 3V3 AC
Description: THE XC886/888LM enhances the XC800 family of 8-bit µCs with a new member providing advanced motor drive capability by combining up to 32 KByte of embedded Flash with a powerful capture compare unit (CCU6) for flexible PWM generation and the new Multiplication/Division Unit (MDU) for fast
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- Data Bus: 8 Bit
Supplier: XP Power
Description: Features: DC Input LED Driver Constant Current Output LED Drive Current up to 1000 mA LED Strings from 2 V to 56 V PWM Dimming Control Open or Short Circuit LED Protection 3 Year Warranty
Show More
- Power Supply Type: DC Power Supply
- Style / Mounting: Module, Enclosed
- Applications: Instrumentation
- Display: None
Supplier: Skyworks Solutions, Inc.
Description: Li-ion batteries, 2-cell alkaline batteries, and USB and regulated AC-DC wall adapters. All seven DC-DC switching regulators feature high efficiency light load operating mode to extend battery life while in low power standby state. Three different DC-DC building blocks provide maximum design flexibility
Show More
- IC Package Type: Other
Supplier: IntelLiDrives, Inc.
Description: Control Modes Indexer, Point-to-Point, PVT Camming, Gearing Position, Velocity, Torque Command Interface CANopen, Devicenet ASCII, discrete I/O Stepper commands -±10V position/velocity/torque -PWM velocity/torque -Master encoder Communications CANopen/Devicenet RS-232 Feedback
Show More
- Drive Type: Microstepping Motor
- Motor Technology: Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor, Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor, Hybrid Stepper Motor
- Number of Axes / Motors: 1
- Integral Motion Controller: Yes
Supplier: Microchip Technology, Inc.
Description: stealing) Most peripherals support DMA Timers/Capture/Compare/PWM: Timer/Counters, up to five 16-bit timers: - Can pair up to make two 32-bit timers - One timer runs as a Real-Time Clock with an external 32.768 kHz oscillator - Programmable prescaler Input Capture (up to four channels): - Capture
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- Data Bus: 16 Bit
- Internal RAM Size: 4.1 KB
- Internal ROM Type: Flash
- Supply Voltage (Vcc): 3 to 3.6 volts
AC-DC Converter Chips - AC-DC Integrated Power Stage - CoolSET™, Fixed Frequency CoolSET™ -- ICE3B0365J-T
Description: Integrated power management IC with 650V avalanche rugged CoolMOS™, start-up cell and fixed frequency current mode flyback PWM controller in DIP-8 package. Capable for 13.6W SMPS design. The additional features include an active burst mode operation to achieve extremely low standby powerShow More
Power Factor Correction (PFC) Products - AC-DC PWM-PFC Controller, PFC-DCM (discontinuous conduction mode) ICs -- TDA4863-2G
Description: switching - Accurate overvoltage threshold - High gate drive capability (TDA48632 only) Target Applications: - SwitchedMode Power Supplies - Electronic BallastsShow More
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Yaskawa America, Inc. - Drives Division
J1000 Drive
The drive may be the world's smallest compact drive in size (70% less space required), but don't let its stature fool you as the all in one J1000 package is still very capable of providing outstanding quality, reliability and performance. Some standard features of the J1000 consist of an open loop (read more)
Browse AC Motor Drives Datasheets for Yaskawa America, Inc. - Drives Division
Baldor Electric Company
RPM AC Inverter and Vector Duty motors
RPM AC Inverter and Vector Duty motors have been developed specifically for use in variable speed PWM controller applications where fast response to speed commands and high speed torque are required. They virtually eliminate motor damaging reflective wave problems that plague many motors marketed (read more)
Browse AC Motors Datasheets for Baldor Electric Company
Moog Components Group
Moog AirMax™ P28 High Performance Blowers
mattresses and vacuum systems. Features 24 VDC, other voltages available AC input available Open collector tach output 0 - 5 V or PWM input speed control Internal or external drive electronics High efficiency 3-phase brushless DC motor Field oriented control for low torque ripple / low noise Optional (read more)
Browse Fans and Blowers (industrial) Datasheets for Moog Components Group
Bodine Electric Company
New 12 VDC Gearmotors, Motors and DC Speed Control
installed, special output shafts, cords, and customer-specific mounting configurations. Bodine's new Type WPM—12 VDC speed control is ideal for battery powered, solar powered and other low-voltage applications that require basic, single-direction speed control. This pulse-width-modulation (PWM (read more)
Ametek Dynamic Fluid Solutions
Windjammer® Variable-Speed Brushless Blowers
voltage inputs of 24 VDC, 48 VDC, 72 VDC, 120 VAC or 240 VAC, depending on model. Internal electronics convert the line voltage AC input to DC. Among options, an integrated IntelliGen™ electronic control drive utilizing a factory-programmed digital signal processor (DSP) and custom option cards can (read more)
Browse Fans and Blowers (industrial) Datasheets for Ametek Dynamic Fluid Solutions
Bodine Electric Company
INTEGRAmotor - New 24V brushless DC Gearmotors
Our new type 34B4/FV-F gearmotors combine a PWM speed control, a brushless DC motor, a high-torque gearhead, and an optical encoder into one high-performance drive package. The 34B/FV-F gearmotors provide 1/4 hp (187 watts) and up to 341 lb-in. (39 Nm) continuous torque, with gear ratios ranging (read more)
Bodine Electric Company
New Low-Voltage DC Motor Speed Controls (12&24V
Four new stock models from Bodine Electric Company provide simple and reliable speed control for low-voltage 12 or 24V PMDC gearmotors and motors (up to 1/3 HP / 250 Watts). The controls utilize pulse width modulation (PWM) technology to insure quiet operation, low operating temperature and optimal (read more)
Short-Depth Chassis
automation, such as dual shock resistance, hot swappable 2.5" drive bays for RAID 0/1 and seven expansion slots on a supported ATX motherboard which allows users to install GPU, DSP, vision, or motion cards. The IPC-631's short depth makes it easily integrated into equipment. Its front I/O design allows (read more)
Browse I/O Modules and Instruments Datasheets for Advantech
Ametek Dynamic Fluid Solutions
DC, 120 or 240 volts AC or in some units a universal voltage input of 120-240 volts AC. Note: AMETEK's internal electronics convert the AC input to DC for the functionality of the motor and electronic control drive. Their brushless DC motor technology provides virtually maintenance-free operation (read more)
Browse Fans and Blowers (industrial) Datasheets for Ametek Dynamic Fluid Solutions
Ametek Dynamic Fluid Solutions
AMETEK Standard and Custom Blower Solutions
AMETEK Nautilair blowers offer one of the broadest selections of brushless blowers available. Up to 40% more compact than competitive models, they offer up to 10:1 speed control plus custom option cards. Speed can be adjusted internally with an onboard potentiometer or with an external PWM or DC (read more)
Browse Fans and Blowers (industrial) Datasheets for Ametek Dynamic Fluid Solutions
Conduct Research Top
Using AC PWM Drives on Non-Standard Voltages and Frequencies
Often, there may arise the need to apply an AC PWM drive1 to input voltages such as 200, 208, 380, 415 and possibly other levels, as well as input frequencies such as 50 Hz. The AC PWM regulator utilizes a switching power supply for control power that is sourced from a DC bus. This gives the unit
Incompatibility of Power Factor Correction Capacitors with AC PWM Drives
factor as seen by the user's line. A bank of these oil-filled or dry type AC capacitors usually reside in a conspicuously placed metal enclosure nearby the motor. Beware of retrofitting any AC controllers (including VVI and CSI types) to existing induction motors! If the installation is not thoroughly
Braking and Regenerative Energy with AC Drives
someplace. In the case of an AC PWM drive, that someplace is back to the DC bus (The DC bus is that portion of the drive after the rectifier section where DC power is collected and stored for use by the inverter section).
Jog Circuit for the SP500 Drive: Setup and Configuration
The success of the SP500 as an AC PWM drive can largely be attributed to its ease of set-up and configuration. Unlike the newer AC drives, however, neither the keypad nor the terminal board offered a dedicated jog PB. Should the need arise, jog functionality can be achieved by the methods discussed
Reducing Adjustable Frequency Drive (AFD)-caused Harmonics at Partial Loads
for pulse width modulated (PWM) AC adjustable frequency drives (AFDs).
Low-Energy Braking Kit with GV3000/SE - Set-Up, Configuration and Application Points
The low energy snubber braking kits were originally introduced to enhance capabilities of the GP2000 General Purpose AC Drive. They also were a natural fit with the SP500 AC PWM Drive when that was introduced. What may not be so well established is the fact that they can be used with GV3000/SE
Understanding Electronic Motor Drives
. Alternating positive and negative switches recreates the three-phase output. The longer the power device remains on, the higher the output voltage. The longer it is off, the lower the output frequency. The drive output is not an exact replica of the ac input sine waveform. Instead, it provides constant
Eliminating sensors from closed-loopcontrol
. Here's how encoderless systems compare with more traditional motor-control methods. To operate efficiently, a conventional flux-vector PWM drive needs to know the rotor flux angle inside an ac-induction motor. A pulse encoder typically supplies information about rotor speed and angular position
More Information Top
2011 Combined Subject Index IEEE Industry Applications Society Publications
Chiba, Akira, +, IEMDC May 2011 1042-1047 A review of mitigation methods for overvoltage in long-cable-fed PWM AC drives .
Product Sound: Acoustically pleasant motor drives
PWM AC drives with a passive front-end are typically equipped with an electrolytic capacitor in the DC-link giving a robust performance.
2005 Index
Analytical evaluation of harmonic distortion in PWM AC drives using the notion of stator flux ripple; T-PE .
A Single-Stage Power Electronic Transformer for a Three-Phase PWM AC/AC Drive With Source-Based Commutation of Leakage Energy and Common-Mode Voltage Suppressi...
The proposed single-stage power electronic transformer (PET) with bidirectional power flow capability may find application in compact isolated PWM ac drives .
Improvement of power factor and reduction of harmonics in three-phase induction motor by PWM techniques: A literature survey
[62] G. Narayanan, and V. T. Ranganathan, "Analytical Evalua- tion of Harmonic Distortion in PWM AC Drives Using the Notion of Stator Flux Ripple," IEEE Trans.
Author index
A Review of Mitigation Methods for Overvoltage in Long-Cable-Fed PWM AC Drives .
Cable design for PWM variable-speed AC drives
It is recommended that cable characteristic impedance matching be used on all PWM ac drive systems where the possibility of reflected voltage exists.
Selection of power cables for PWM AC adjustable-speed drives
…Damage Related to PWM Drives", April 1998 EC&M Power Quality Advisor, "PWMDrives May Have Bearing on Bearing Failures", PQ 29-31, September 1998 John M. Bentley, P.J. Link, "Evaluation of Motor Power Cables for PWM AC Drives ", 0093-9994/97 01997…


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The Kiddimoto Kurve Runner is a Kiddimoto bike and is based on the real, motorbikes. This is the perfect training bike for children to develop balance and coordination on two wheels.
Thank you for visiting Kiddimoto Kurve Runner Balance Bike on oakleysbikes.co.uk
We bring the products from many websites to one website for you to search, save and compare.


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Publisher's Description+
From Zoovu Games: FallBall is a classic casual game brought to your iPhone in 3D. Tilt your iPhone to navigate the ball through holes in the rising floors. When the ball reaches the top, gameover. The longer you survive, the higher your score.Now with bombs! Collect bombs and detonate them with a touch!
What's new in this version:
UI Improvements, bug fixes
read more +


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On August 11, 2014, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie signed the Opportunity to Compete Act which restricts New Jersey employers from seeking information regarding a job applicant's criminal history. Under the Act, covered employers may not include a box to mark or a question concerning an applicant's criminal history on a job application, or post job advertisements stating that they will not consider applicants with a criminal record. Employers also cannot orally ask job applicants about their criminal histories or perform a criminal background check during the "initial employment application process," as defined by the Act. After the initial employment application process employers may obtain information about the applicant's criminal record.
Prior versions of the Act contained more expansive and onerous provisions for employers, however, the Act signed by Governor Christie is limited to the "initial employment application process" which is the "period beginning when an applicant for employment first makes an inquiry to an employer about a prospective employment position... and ending when an employer has conducted a first interview…." This differs from other "ban the box" laws that have been enacted, including an ordinance in Newark, New Jersey, that prevent employers from conducting criminal background checks before a conditional job offer. Thus, while the New Jersey Act offers protection to job applicants, it does not go as far as other jurisdictions. Notably, the preemption provision of the Act renders Newark's ordinance preempted.
The Act permits an employer to make inquiries regarding an applicant's criminal history if the applicant discloses any information regarding his or her criminal record voluntarily during the initial employment application process. Additionally the Act permits inquiry into a job applicant's criminal history if the individual is applying for a position in law enforcement, corrections, the judiciary, homeland security or emergency management, or where a criminal history record background check is required by law, rule or regulation for the employment sought. The Act does not preclude employers from seeking information about an applicant's criminal record after the initial employment application process has concluded or from refusing to hire an applicant for employment based upon the applicant's criminal record.
The Act specifically states that it does not create a private cause of action against an employer who has violated or is alleged to have violated the Act and that the penalties set forth in the Act shall be the sole remedy for violations. These penalties include a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $1,000 for the first violation, $5,000 for the second violation, and $10,000 for each subsequent violation.
The law becomes effective March 1, 2015. To avoid running afoul of the Act, covered employers should remove questions on job applications requiring applicants to disclose criminal history information and refrain from inquiring into an applicant's criminal background until after the employer has conducted the first interview. Employers operating in multiple locations must stay current on the status of applicable state and local laws regarding criminal background inquiries for each location in which they operate. Similar "ban the box" legislation has been enacted in other states and cities. Most recently, (Labor, Employment and Employee Benefits Practice alert, May 20, 2014) Baltimore enacted an ordinance which prohibits any employers from inquiring as to whether a job applicant has a criminal record.
See more »
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Saul Ewing LLP
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Editorial Review
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3 reviews of Norman's, first by you?
November 2, 2006
A special place
This has become the restaurant of choice for important adult family occasions such as birthdays or during the holidays. We have always encountered impeccable food and service. Excellent wine list.
October 16, 2005
Norman's has a reputation as on eof the best restaurants in the country, but it is barely even average--and at $100 per person. The appetizers were TINY and a tasty, but nothing special. My lamb was tough and bland, the seafood was…
February 10, 2005
Wonderful food served by a staff that really cares. The wine list was one of the best I've seen. Even the vegetables were perfect! Fresh, wholesome, intriguing food in a classy atmosphere. A little pricey, but worth every cent!
Suggest Edits
- Tags
- Tips
- Make your reservations early; Norman's is not open on Sundays.
- The wine list is massive and reasonably priced. White wines by the glass, like Spain's dry bodied Vina Godeval, start at $8.
- Valet parking is a breeze, though you will also find plenty of available and affordable metered spaces nearby--especially during the week.


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Charles Larmore
Charles Larmore (born 23 March 1950 in Baltimore, MD) is the W. Duncan MacMillan Family Professor of the Humanities and Professor of Philosophy at Brown University. He is noted for his writings on political liberalism as well as on various topics in moral philosophy (moral realism, the nature of the self) and in the history of philosophy from the 16th to the 20th centuries (including such figures as Montaigne, Descartes, Bayle, Kant, Hölderlin, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Sartre). His most recent work focuses on the nature of reason and reasons. He previously taught at the University of Chicago as the Chester D. Tripp Professor and the Raymond W. & Martha Hilpert Gruner Distinguished Service Professor as well as at Columbia University.[1] He received his A.B. at Harvard (1972) and his Ph.D. at Yale (1978).
Prizes, awards and membership in societies[edit]
- Grand Prix de Philosophie from the Académie française (2004) for Les Pratiques du Moi'[2]
- Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Elected May 2005)[3]
Selected publications[edit]
- Larmore, C. (1987) Patterns of Moral Complexity, Cambridge University Press
- Larmore, C. (1993) Modernité et morale, Presses Universitaires de France
- Larmore, C. (1996) The Morals of Modernity, Cambridge University Press.[4]
- Larmore, C. (1996) The Romantic Legacy, Columbia University Press
- Larmore, C. (2004) Les pratiques du moi, Presses Universitaires de France (English translation: Practices of the Self, 2010, University of Chicago Press ISBN 9780226468877)
- Larmore, C. (2004) Débat sur l'éthique. Idéalisme ou réalisme (with Alain Renaut), Grasset
- Larmore, C. (2008) The Autonomy of Morality, Cambridge University Press[5]
- Larmore, C. (2008) Dare ragioni. Il soggetto, l'etica, la politica, Rosenberg & Sellier, Torino
- Larmore, C. (2009) Dernières nouvelles du moi (with Vincent Descombes), Presses Universitaires de France
- Larmore, C. (2012) Vernunft und Subjektivität, Suhrkamp Verlag
- ^ Brown University: Charles Larmore (Accessed Sep 2012)
- ^ Academie Francaise:Charles Larmore (Accessed Sep 2012)
- ^ American Academy of Arts and Sciences:Membership List:L (Accessed Sep 2012)
- ^ Card, Claudia (January 1999). "Review: The Morals of Modernity by Charles Larmore". Mind. New Series. 108 (429): 184–187. JSTOR 2659914.
- ^ Bagnoli, Carla (October 2009). "Review: The Autonomy of Morality by Charles Larmore". The Philosophical Review. 118 (4): 536–540. JSTOR 41441913.


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2 They sold Paul Ince (an Internazionale fan)
3 Bryan Robson played for them (an England fan)
4 They wouldn't let Alex Ferguson play Taggart (a TV detective fan)
5 Terry Christian supports them (a music fan)
6 They don't let away supporters in (any football fan)
7 They're too easy to beat (a Barcelona fan)
8 They didn't want to sell Kanchelskis (an Everton fan)
9 They've got too many replica kits (a Manchester United fan)
10 They wouldn't sell Eric Cantona (Eric Cantona)
(submitted by Liz Patchett, of Port Sunlight Village, Wirral, Merseyside)
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Send us a list of 10 reasons why midday Boxing Day kick-offs are a bad thing. Send your entry to Reasons Why, Sports Desk, The Independent, 1 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5DL, or alternatively send us a fax to 0171-293 2894.
The best reply will be published on Wednesday next week.
- More about:
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- Eric Cantona
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- Juande Ramos


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Rogers Lab Makes Key Finding in Cell Process Crucial to Slowed Aging from Dietary Restriction, Bringing Us One Step Closer to Human Therapeutics.
Scientists have known for decades that drastically restricting certain nutrients without causing malnutrition prolongs health and lifespan in a wide range of species, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect have remained a mystery.
In a paper recently published in the journal Aging Cell, MDI Biological Laboratory scientist Aric Rogers, Ph.D., sheds light on an important genetic pathway underlying this process, raising the possibility that therapies can be developed that can prolong the healthy years without suffering the consequences of a severely restricted diet.
"It's tantalizing to think that we might be able to activate a protective response to enhance our own health without resorting to extreme dietary regimes," Rogers said.
Rogers studies mechanisms important to the positive effects of dietary restriction in an intact organism — the tiny roundworm, C. elegans — as opposed to cells in a petri dish. C. elegans is an important model in aging research because it shares nearly half of its genes with humans and because of its short lifespan — it lives for only two to three weeks — which allows scientists to study many generations over a short period of time.
"Aric's identification of a molecular mechanism governing the life-prolonging effects of dietary restriction is a validation of our unique approach to research in aging and regenerative biology," said Kevin Strange, Ph.D., president of the MDI Biological Laboratory. "Our use of whole organisms as research models provides greater insight into the many factors controlling physiological processes than the use of cells alone."
Rogers studies the molecular mechanisms underlying aging at the MDI Biological Laboratory's Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine. The laboratory is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution located in Bar Harbor, Maine, focused on increasing healthy lifespan and increasing the body's natural ability to repair and regenerate tissues damaged by injury or disease.
The life-prolonging effects of dietary restriction, also known as DR or CR (calorie restriction), occur in just about every animal tested. They are thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to harsh environmental conditions. In the absence of enough food to eat, evolution has programmed organisms to switch from a growth mode to a survival mode so they can live long enough to reproduce when conditions improve.
The new study builds on Rogers' earlier research linking the effects of DR to the inhibition of genes governing the formation of proteins. In times of hardship, the body cuts back on the bulk of proteins synthesized, which are linked with growth and reproduction, in order to redirect the cell's energy toward stress-responsive proteins that help extend lifespan by maintaining cell balance and health.
Specifically, the study found that the enhanced robustness associated with reducing the production of protein isn't from reduced protein synthesis per se, rather to the triggering of a stress response governing protein homeostasis — or proteostasis — a fancy word for the cell's quality control machinery. The stress response ensures that this quality control machinery keeps working optimally, despite harsh environmental conditions.
The cell's quality control machinery is responsible for ensuring that newly synthesized proteins are properly shaped and that damaged proteins are quickly destroyed. Misshapen and damaged proteins can interfere with cell function, leading to disease and death.
The identification of a mechanism underlying the protective effect of DR could lead to therapies for age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, that are associated with diminished cellular quality control. Alzheimer's, for instance, is associated with the build-up of a toxic protein, beta amyloid, in the brain, and Parkinson's with a build-up of a toxic protein called alpha synuclein.
The link between aging and weakened cellular "housekeeping" functions raises the possibility that new drugs to prolong lifespan could also delay the onset of age-related degenerative diseases. Now that Rogers has identified a link, the next step is to investigate cause and effect by manipulating the genetic pathways that inhibit protein formation to see if the body's ability to clear molecular clutter is improved.
"We think therapies to activate these protective pathways could not only prolong lifespan, but also delay the onset of age-related diseases," Rogers said. "Most older people suffer from multiple chronic diseases. Anti-aging procedures applied to disease models almost always delay disease onset and improve outcomes, which suggests that disease-suppressing benefits may be accessed to extend healthy human lifespan."
Learn more: Research at MDI Biological Laboratory Sheds Light on Mechanisms Underlying Aging
For the first time, researchers reveal a causal link between RNA splicing and aging.
The finding sheds light on the biological role of splicing in lifespan and suggests that manipulating specific splicing factors in humans might help promote healthy aging.
"What kills neurons in Alzheimer's is certainly different from what causes cardiovascular disease, but the shared underlying risk factor for these illnesses is really age itself," said William Mair, assistant professor of genetics and complex diseases at Harvard Chan School and the study's senior author.
While a considerable amount is known about how dysfunction at the two ends of this process – genes and proteins – can accelerate aging, strikingly little is known about how the middle part, which includes RNA splicing, influences aging.
"Although we know that specific splicing defects can lead to disease, we were really intrigued about de-regulation of RNA splicing as a driver of the aging process itself, because practically nothing is known about that," said Mair.
Notably, the worms' cells are transparent, so Heintz and her colleagues harnessed fluorescent genetic tools to visualize the splicing of a single gene in real-time throughout the aging process.
Not only did the scientists observe variability on a population level – after five days, some worms showed a youthful pattern of splicing while others exhibited one indicative of premature aging – but they could also use these differences in splicing to predict individual worms' lifespans prior to any overt signs of old age.
The finding suggests that splicing could play a broad role in the aging process, both in worms as well as humans.
As they dug more deeply into the molecular links between splicing and aging, Heintz and her colleagues zeroed in on one particular component of the splicing apparatus in worms, called splicing factor 1 – a factor also present in humans.
"These are fascinating results, and suggest that variability in RNA splicing might be one of the smoking guns of the aging process," said Mair.
Learn more: Uncovering a 'smoking gun' in age-related disease
A study argues against the rejuvenating properties of young blood and points to old blood, or molecules within, as driving the aging process
A new study from UC Berkeley found that tissue health and repair dramatically decline in young mice when half of their blood is replaced with blood from old mice.
"Our study suggests that young blood by itself will not work as effective medicine," said Irina Conboy, associate professor in the Department of Bioengineering at UC Berkeley. "It's more accurate to say that there are inhibitors in old blood that we need to target to reverse aging."
The study was published today in the journal Nature Communications. The research was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, SENS Research Foundation, Rogers' Family and Calico.
In 2005, Conboy and colleagues published a study in Nature that found evidence for tissue rejuvenation in older mice when they are surgically joined to younger mice so that blood is exchanged between the two. Despite remaining questions about the mechanism underlying this rejuvenation, media coverage of the study fixated on the potential of young blood to reverse the aging process, and on comparisons to vampires, which was not the takeaway from the study, Conboy said. In the years since the 2005 study, scientists have spent millions to investigate the potential medical properties of youthful blood with enterprises emerging to infuse old people with young blood.
"What we showed in 2005 was evidence that aging is reversible and is not set in stone," Conboy said. "Under no circumstances were we saying that infusions of young blood into elderly is medicine."
Blood exchange in humans is FDA-approved for a few devastating illnesses (auto-immunity, for example, where self-reacting antibodies are removed), but high volume or repeated additions of blood or its components to genetically different people is known to have side effects of immune rejection, leading to organ failure.
While the experimental model used in the 2005 study found evidence that some aspects of aging may be reversed, the techniques used in the study do not allow scientists to precisely control the exchange of blood, which is necessary to dig deeper into blood's effect on aging.
When two mice are sutured together, a technique called parabiosis, blood is not the only thing that is exchanged in this setup; organs are also shared, so old mice get access to younger lungs, thymus-immune system, heart, liver and kidneys. In surgical suturing it takes weeks to a month for the effects of blood to take place and the precise timing is not actually known. Nor is the precise amount of the exchanged blood.
In the new study, Conboy and colleagues developed an experimental technique to exchange blood between mice without joining them so that scientists can control blood circulation and conduct precise measurements on how old mice respond to young blood, and vice versa. In the new system, mice are connected and disconnected at will, removing the influence of shared organs or of any adaptation to being joined. One of the more surprising discoveries of this study was the very quick onset of the effects of blood on the health and repair of multiple tissues, including muscle, liver and brain. The effects were seen around 24 hours after exchange.
With the new experimental setup, the research team repeated the experiments from 2005. In each test, blood was exchanged between an old mouse and a young mouse until each mouse had half its blood from the other. The researchers then tested various indicators of aging in each mouse, such as liver cell growth as well as liver fibrosis and adiposity (fat), brain cell development in the region that is needed for learning and memory, muscle strength and muscle tissue repair. In many of these experiments, older mice that received younger blood saw either slight or no significant improvements compared to old mice with old blood. Young mice that received older blood, however, saw large declines in most of these tissues or organs.
The most telling data was found when researchers tested blood's impact on new neuron production in the area of the brain where memory and learning are formed. In these experiments, older mice showed no significant improvement in brain neuron stem cells after receiving younger blood, but younger mice that received older blood saw a more than twofold drop in brain cell development compared to normal young mice. The researchers think that many benefits seen in old mice after receiving young blood might be due to the young blood diluting the concentration of inhibitors in the old blood.
"Under no circumstances did young blood improve brain neurogenesis in our experiments," Conboy said. "Old blood appears to have inhibitors of brain cell health and growth, which we need to identify and remove if we want to improve memory."
The research team has begun to investigate specific molecules in old blood that might cause inhibition of cell development, but future experiments are needed for a clear picture of why young animals are worse off with old blood.
Learn more: Young blood does not reverse aging in old mice, UC Berkeley study finds
A team of University of Pittsburgh researchers has uncovered new details about the biology of telomeres, "caps" of DNA that protect the tips of chromosomes and play key roles in a number of health conditions, including cancer, inflammation and aging.
The new findings were published today in the journal Nature Structural and Molecular Biology.
Telomeres, composed of repeated sequences of DNA, are shortened every time a cell divides and therefore become smaller as a person ages. When they become too short, telomeres send a signal to the cell to stop dividing permanently, which impairs the ability of tissues to regenerate and contributes to many aging-related diseases, explained lead study author Patricia Opresko, Ph.D., associate professor of Environmental and Occupational Health at Pitt, and member of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology program and Carnegie Mellon University Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology.
In contrast, in most cancer cells, levels of the enzyme telomerase, which lengthens telomeres, are elevated, allowing them to divide indefinitely.
"The new information will be useful in designing new therapies to preserve telomeres in healthy cells and ultimately help combat the effects of inflammation and aging. On the flip side, we hope to develop mechanisms to selectively deplete telomeres in cancer cells to stop them from dividing," said Dr. Opresko.
A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress—a condition where damaging molecules known as free radicals build up inside cell—accelerates telomere shortening. Free radicals can damage not only the DNA that make up telomeres, but also the DNA building blocks used to extend them.
Oxidative stress is known to play a role in many health conditions, including inflammation and cancer. Damage from free radicals, which can be generated by inflammation in the body as well as environmental factors, is thought to build up throughout the aging process.
The goal of the new study was to determine what happens to telomeres when they are damaged by oxidative stress. The researchers suspected that oxidative damage would render telomerase unable to do its job.
"Much to our surprise, telomerase could lengthen telomeres with oxidative damage," Dr. Opresko said. "In fact, the damage seems to promote telomere lengthening."
Next, the team looked to see what would happen if the building blocks used to make up telomeres were instead subjected to oxidative damage. They found that telomerase was able to add a damaged DNA precursor molecule to the end of the telomere, but was then unable to add additional DNA molecules.
The new results suggest that the mechanism by which oxidative stress accelerates telomere shortening is by damaging the DNA precursor molecules, not the telomere itself. "We also found that oxidation of the DNA building blocks is a new way to inhibit telomerase activity, which is important because it could potentially be used to treat cancer."
Dr. Opresko and her team are now beginning to further explore the consequences of oxidative stress on telomeres, using a novel photosensitizer, developed by Marcel Bruchez at Carnegie Mellon University that produces oxidative damage selectively in telomeres. "Using this exciting new technology, we'll be able to learn a lot about what happens to telomeres when they are damaged, and how that damage is processed," she said.
Learn more: Pitt Researchers Uncover Key Mechanisms of Cancer, Aging and Inflammation
Safety of NMN being tested in small clinical trial in Japan
Much of human health hinges on how well the body manufactures and uses energy. For reasons that remain unclear, cells' ability to produce energy declines with age, prompting scientists to suspect that the steady loss of efficiency in the body's energy supply chain is a key driver of the aging process.
Now, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that supplementing healthy mice with a natural compound called NMN can compensate for this loss of energy production, reducing typical signs of aging such as gradual weight gain, loss of insulin sensitivity and declines in physical activity.
The study is published Oct. 27 in the journal Cell Metabolism.
"We have shown a way to slow the physiologic decline that we see in aging mice," said Shin-ichiro Imai, MD, PhD, a professor of developmental biology and of medicine. "This means older mice have metabolism and energy levels resembling that of younger mice. Since human cells rely on this same energy production process, we are hopeful this will translate into a method to help people remain healthier as they age."
Imai is working with researchers conducting a clinical trial to test the safety of NMN in healthy people. The phase 1 trial began earlier this year at Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo.
With age, the body loses its capacity to make a key element of energy production called NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Past work by Imai and co-senior author Jun Yoshino, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of medicine, has shown that NAD levels decrease in multiple tissues as mice age. Past research also has shown that NAD is not effective when given directly to mice so the researchers sought an indirect method to boost its levels. To do so, they only had to look one step earlier in the NAD supply chain to a compound called NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide).
NMN can be given safely to mice and is found naturally in a number of foods, including broccoli, cabbage, cucumber, edamame and avocado. The new study shows that when NMN is dissolved in drinking water and given to mice, it appears in the bloodstream in less than three minutes. Importantly, the researchers also found that NMN in the blood is quickly converted to NAD in multiple tissues.
"We wanted to make sure that when we give NMN through drinking water, it actually goes into the blood circulation and into tissues," Imai said. "Our data show that NMN absorption happens very rapidly."
To determine the long-term effects of giving NMN, Imai, Yoshino and their colleagues studied three groups of healthy male mice fed regular mouse chow diets. Starting at five months of age, one group received a high dose of NMN-supplemented drinking water, another group received a low dose of the NMN drinking water, and a third group served as a control, receiving no NMN. The researchers compared multiple aspects of physiology between the groups, first at 5 months of age and then every three months, until the mice reached 17 months of age. Typical laboratory mice live about two years.
The researchers found a variety of beneficial effects of NMN supplementation, including in skeletal muscle, liver function, bone density, eye function, insulin sensitivity, immune function, body weight and physical activity levels. But these benefits were seen exclusively in older mice.
"When we give NMN to the young mice, they do not become healthier young mice," Yoshino said. "NMN supplementation has no effect in the young mice because they are still making plenty of their own NMN. We suspect that the increase in inflammation that happens with aging reduces the body's ability to make NMN and, by extension, NAD."
In skeletal muscle, the investigators — including the study's first author, Kathryn Mills, the research supervisor in Imai's lab — found that NMN administration helps energy metabolism by improving the function of mitochondria, which operate as cellular power plants. They also found that mice given NMN gained less weight with aging even as they consumed more food, likely because their boosted metabolism generated more energy for physical activity. The researchers also found better function of the mouse retina with NMN supplementation, as well as increased tear production, which is often lost with aging. They also found improved insulin sensitivity in the older mice receiving NMN, and this difference remained significant even when they corrected for differences in body weight.
In a paper published earlier this year in Cell Reports, Yoshino and his colleagues revealed more details of how NAD works in influencing glucose metabolism and the body's fat tissue. In that study, the mice had a defect in the ability to manufacture NAD only in the body's fat tissue. The rest of their tissues and organs were normal.
"Even though NAD synthesis was stopped only in the fat tissue, we saw metabolic dysfunction throughout the body, including the skeletal muscle, the heart muscle, the liver and in measures of the blood lipids," Yoshino said. "When we gave NMN to these mice, these dysfunctions were reversed. That means NAD in adipose tissue is a critical regulator of whole body metabolism."
Added Imai, "This is important because Jun showed that if you mess up NAD synthesis only in fat tissue, you see insulin resistance everywhere. Adipose tissue must be doing something remarkable to control whole body insulin sensitivity."
During the long-term NMN study in healthy mice, Imai also said they monitored the animals for any potential increase in cancer development as a result of NMN administration.
"Some tumor cells are known to have a higher capability to synthesize NAD, so we were concerned that giving NMN might increase cancer incidence," Imai said. "But we have not seen any differences in cancer rates between the groups."
The phase 1 trial in Japan is using NMN manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., which also provided the NMN used in these mouse studies. Outside of this clinical trial, high-grade NMN for human consumption is not commercially available. But there's always broccoli.
Ever since last summer, when Lynn Gemmell's dog, Bela, was inducted into the trial of a drug that has been shown to significantly lengthen the lives of laboratory mice, she has been the object of intense scrutiny among dog park regulars.
To those who insist that Bela, 8, has turned back into a puppy — "Look how fast she's getting that ball!" — Ms. Gemmell has tried to turn a deaf ear. Bela, a Border collie-Australian shepherd mix, may have been given a placebo, for one thing.
The drug, rapamycin, which improved heart health and appeared to delay the onset of some diseases in older mice, may not work the same magic in dogs, for another. There is also a chance it could do more harm than good. "This is just to look for side effects, in dogs," Ms. Gemmell told Bela's many well-wishers.
Technically that is true. But the trial also represents a new frontier in testing a proposition for improving human health: Rather than only seeking treatments for the individual maladies that come with age, we might do better to target the biology that underlies aging itself.
While the diseases that now kill most people in developed nations — heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's, diabetes, cancer — have different immediate causes, age is the major risk factor for all of them. That means that even treatment breakthroughs in these areas, no matter how vital to individuals, would yield on average four or five more years of life, epidemiologists say, and some of them likely shadowed by illness.
A drug that slows aging, the logic goes, might instead serve to delay the onset of several major diseases at once. A handful of drugs tested by federally funded laboratories in recent years appear to extend the healthy lives of mice, with rapamycin and its derivatives, approved by the Food and Drug Administration for organ transplant patients and to treat some types of cancer, so far proving the most effective. In a 2014 study by the drug company Novartis, the drug appeared to bolster the immune system in older patients. And the early results in aging dogs suggest that rapamycin is helping them, too, said Matt Kaeberlein, a biology of aging researcher at the University of Washington who is running the study with a colleague, Daniel Promislow.
But scientists who champion the study of aging's basic biology — they call it "geroscience" — say their field has received short shrift from the biomedical establishment. And it was not lost on the University of Washington researchers that exposing dog lovers to the idea that aging could be delayed might generate popular support in addition to new data.
"Many of us in the biology of aging field feel like it is underfunded relative to the potential impact on human health this could have," said Dr. Kaeberlein, who helped pay for the study with funds he received from the university for turning down a competing job offer. "If the average pet owner sees there's a way to significantly delay aging in their pet, maybe it will begin to impact policy decisions."
Learn more: Dogs Test Drug Aimed at Humans' Biggest Killer: Age
Researchers may have found a way to slow down or prevent memory problems that arise in old age and which can become devastating in patients with dementia.
The fresh hope comes from a series of studies in humans and mice that identified a protein which causes memory impairment when it builds up in the blood and brain with age. Scientists found that injections of the protein made young animals' memories worse and reduced the growth of new neurons in their brains. Further studies showed that blocking the protein prevented memory loss in older animals, making them smarter than untreated animals of the same age.
Scientists found that injections of the protein made young animals' memories worse and reduced the growth of new neurons in their brains. Further studies showed that blocking the protein prevented memory loss in older animals, making them smarter than untreated animals of the same age.
The findings are the latest to come from researchers in the US who have shown in previous work that blood plasma taken from young animals can rejuvenate the muscles, brains and other tissues of older animals.
Those studies have led scientists to suspect that blood plasma contains a cocktail of factors that either drive or counteract the natural ageing process. Major efforts are now underway to identify the different components at work in the hope of turning them into a therapy. A human trial to test the effects of young plasma on Alzheimer's patients is already underway.


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|Lisa Gornick tonight i channel the wisdom of my inner sages
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Saturday, September 18, 2010
Lisa Gornick does it again!
Sunday, September 5, 2010
I feel the earth move under my feet-- Chris Vogler & GIRLS LIKE US
|Canterbury house after September 4 2010 earthquake
I've been trying to write about Chris Vogler's visit to Wellywood. And just can't get there. Mr Vogler's the guy who wrote The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers. You probably know about it, a classic that many writers love.
As you know, I'm a woman. A woman writer guided by Jane Austen's words in Persuasion: "Men have had every advantage of us in telling their own story…The pen has been in their hands. I will not allow books to prove anything". So I've avoided most books on screenwriting, though I love Linda Seger's take on some women's screenplays, where some linear narrative remains to move the story forward, but action is de-emphasized, and the proportions of emotion and psychology become greater. And I work hard to reduce some risks she identifies:
[S]ome women…may not yet have the craft to make these different models work. Although these kinds of stories can be done for a much lower budget than the more action-oriented models, if they fail, women know they usually don't get another chance. If they compromise, they feel they aren't truly telling their stories.And I love what Susan di Rende at the Broad Humor Film Festival writes, because she reads a ton of women's scripts each year and analyses them. And keeps right on thinking about them, over a long time.
But I haven't read The Writer's Journey. When I began my scriptwriting apprenticeship I did try—briefly—to read it. But I didn't 'get' it. Trudged through a few pages and stopped. I was not going to write about a mythic single hero's journey. Though for my third apprentice screenplay, I disciplined myself to write a single-protagonist script that worked.
But then there was an article about Chris Vogler coming to talk to New Zealand romance writers. It said:
The hero's journey is more often straight like a railway track, he says, or a circle. But a heroine's journey is more three-dimensional, "you have to go deep inside to the emotional levels".And I thought, hmmm. Wish I could hear him. And then heard he was coming on to Wellington, courtesy of Script-to-Screen and the New Zealand Film Commission, and to a second small session at the International Institute of Modern Letters (IIML). So I went. Twice. Once, with around a hundred others, to Park Road Post—part of Sir Peter Jackson's empire out at Miramar. I love Park Road Post, because it's a little how I imagine a Hollywood studio complex might be, and we gathered in what I imagine as a Hollywood-studio-type theatre. Later on, vegan soup (thought of you, Kyna) and a tasty orange slice for lunch, before quick side trip next door to the renowned California Garden Centre, for delphiniums, rosemary, stock, and seed mix. Irresistible brief nap in the super comfortable theatre seat afterwards. Mr Vogler presented a fascinating run through his ideas, accompanied by clips from The Wrestler (the romance writers got My Big Fat Greek Wedding). Handouts. & lots of notes in my wee pink Moleskine notebook.
And the next day, there I was in the IIML's room-with-the-beautiful-view-over Wellington-Harbour (even Mr Vogler loved it, & I was thrilled to see the white plum blossom at the side window, as well): the room where I've had many remarkable learning experiences, among people I love. With twelve others this time: the 2010 scriptwriting MA students, their teacher, and another scriptwriting PhD student. Delicious lunch again, mixture of pumpkin and red capiscum in one sandwich, great new-to-me combo that worked, & nuts, dried fruit, cheeses... And Mr Vogler asked us about our projects. And when I told him that my long-term dream is for New Zealand to be the first country in the world where women write and direct 50% of our features, he advised me to aim for 75% to reach the 50%. Again, I took notes. And wished the session had been longer. I wish I'd heard him talk more about archetypes. I wish he'd talked more about whether and how archetypes connect to emotions and organs and chakras, because he told us that these visceral things are important to him. I found the potential of this discussion much more complex and interesting than the Joe Ezsterhas/ Norman Mailer writing-with-the-balls theory. It gets away from language like 'the masculine' and 'the feminine', or the hero or the heroine, while raising more questions like "What's the relationship between all the women's stories that remain unexpressed and a belief that the shadow self represents the unexpressed?" and "How affected are many women writers' throat chakras by the difficulties they face when they try to tell their stories in public and are unheard, or silenced?"
But then there was the big earthquake down in Canterbury. And now a huge northerly gale here. It's so unsettling that I can't get to what I want to say.
(And every time I read or hear of 'safety' being the first priority in the south I'm waiting for the not-so-magic words: domestic violence. A few years back, on a government gig, I met Rosalind Houghton, who's just finished her PhD on domestic violence that accompanies natural disaster. Some of it's related to schools closing and children's constant presence at home adding to the stress of cleaning up. This morning, many schools are closed in the south. I hope that Civil Defence has remembered Rosalind's research.)
The Christchurch earthquake was small by the time it reached us in Wellington. Big enough to wake us at 4.30 a.m. just before it happened, but not big enough to require us to roll out of bed, to cover, and to hold on. The kind of earthquake that I quite like if I'm gardening. A twitch of mother earth's tail. A reminder of who's really in charge. Big earthquakes scare me though. Three possibilities especially. Being trapped in a lift. Falling into the depths when a chasm opens beneath me. Or the chasm closing up on me as I fall. I feel a little sick when I read about people in Canterbury being rescued from holes.
But, after Chris Vogler's visit, some quake images resonate with me the script writer. And a couple of words that go with them. The best I can do for now is to show you those. The one at the top and this one are just for context. Like the rest, they come from Stuff.
|Central Christchurch
Posted by wellywood woman at 10:15 PM 3 comments: Links to this post
Wednesday, September 1, 2010
P.S. The Feminist Male: Do Not Be Afraid
Lisa Gornick's Film Drawing site is AMAAAAZING-- I group her with Alison Bechdel-of-the-Bechdel-Test for quality. But, unlike Alison Bechdel's multiple frames and long stories, Lisa's stories are usually self-contained, within a single frame. Those single frames invite me to enter them with my own story. And then they make me think, think, think. And then try to reconcile the thinking with my feelings. Often, they make me laugh. Sometimes they break my heart. Collectively they're so full of life & complexity.
And this one's just the ticket after yesterday's post. Would love to know what you think and feel when you look at it! The Feminist Male: Do Not Be Afraid is Lisa's title.
Lisa's latest film is DIP, made for Channel 4's Coming Up series and screened last week. She wrote in a blog post that DIP is "some poignant suspense set on a London nightbus. A French take on the British crime drama. (I've always wanted to make a French film and they let me – salute to the producers, crew and cast – and of course Channel 4)".
And this one's just the ticket after yesterday's post. Would love to know what you think and feel when you look at it! The Feminist Male: Do Not Be Afraid is Lisa's title.
Lisa's latest film is DIP, made for Channel 4's Coming Up series and screened last week. She wrote in a blog post that DIP is "some poignant suspense set on a London nightbus. A French take on the British crime drama. (I've always wanted to make a French film and they let me – salute to the producers, crew and cast – and of course Channel 4)".
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TripAdvisor Reviews Palace Hotel Vung Tau
Travel Blogs from Vung Tau
Mekong Delta
... from their boats, watermelon must have been in season as there were hundreds of them. Unsurprisingly our guide brought us watermelon and made us all eat it.
When we first arrived at the market a lady pulled her boat up next to ours and hooked herself on. She was selling coffee and other drinks. I brought an iced coffee and it was one of the best yet. Another boat that hooked on to ours was a lady selling noodles. It was really interesting ...
Fun in the sun
... overlooks the ocean. Beautiful! At a whopping $22.50 a night and another $18 to rent the motor bike for this evening and tomorrow. We drove along the beach road and got fabulous photos of the big ships of all colors and the sunset. We stopped at a fish restaurant and had a fish hotpot and seafood rolls. They were crispy. We sat outside overlooking the fishing boats with their lights on. The breeze felt wonderful. Back to the hotel to settle in after another hectic but rewarding ...
Long Tan
... there was more and more sand! When we arrived at our hotel we got our rooms and went straight into the pool! It was so hot! (May have worn my new watch and is now broken) And we then spent the rest of the afternoon shopping around the streets. We then got ready for dinner and hopped on the bus to travel 200m down the road to a place (that had free wifi) and it looked like ...
At Sea
... get up the twin towers as they only allow so many up each day and it's first come first served. We have a transfer by coach to get there so we're going to go up the KL tower which is actually higher but built on higher ground. We got a bit of a plan for our day in KL but we'll wait and see, gotta couple of places to go to first, tomorrow's elephant village in Thailand and then after two sea ...
Biking with Sisters, Home Visits and Coconuts!
Prior to heading to Vung Tau, Minh and I had dinner with the Sisters here in HCMC and planned the trip to Vung Tau. They offered to drive us there in exchange for the work we were to do there. Dinner, especially the home made yogurt, was delicious. The sisters were very gracious and it was just a taste of what was to come. We headed to Vung Tau the next day in the afternoon and it took about 1 1/2 hours by van to get there. Once there we were greeted with open arms, it was a ...


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Albany has 95,658 residents. It is located in Albany county.
The average in-state tuition for full time undergraduate students in physician assistant schools in Albany during the 2009 - 2010 school year was $14,756.00. The average tuition was $15,634.00 for non-residents studying in New York.
The average cost of books and supplies for physician assistant schools in Albany is $1,144.00. Students living on campus at physician assistant schools in Albany paid an average of $9,455.00 for room and board during the 2009 - 2010 school year. Students living at home incurred costs of $3,333.00. Students have a choice of three physician assistant colleges in Albany to attend. 44 students were reported to have graduated from physician assistant programs in Albany in the 2008 - 2009 school year.
|Average Salary
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|Physician Assistants
|Medical Assistants