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Fund accounting
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Fund accounting is an accounting system for recording resources whose use has been limited by the donor, grant authority, governing agency, or other individuals or organisations or by law.[1][2] It therefore emphasizing accountability rather than profitability and is used by Nonprofit organizations and by governments. In this method, a fund consists of a self-balancing set of accounts and each are reported as either unrestricted, temporarily restricted or permanently restricted based on the provider-imposed restrictions.[1]
The label, fund accounting, has also been applied to investment accounting, portfolio accounting or securities accounting – all synonyms describing the process of accounting for a portfolio of investments such as securities, commodities and/or real estate held in an investment fund such as a mutual fund or hedge fund.[3][4] Investment accounting, however, is a different system, unrelated to government and nonprofit fund accounting.
- 1 Overview
- 2 Nonprofit organizations
- 3 United Kingdom governmental system
- 4 United States governmental system
- 5 Fund accounting fiscal cycle (fictitious example)
- 6 See also
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Nonprofit organizations and government agencies have special requirements to show, in financial statements and reports, how money is spent, rather than how much profit was earned. Unlike profit oriented businesses, which use a single set of self-balancing accounts (or general ledger), nonprofits can have more than one general ledger (or fund), depending on their financial reporting requirements.[5] An accountant for such an entity must be able to produce reports detailing the expenditures and revenues for each of the organization's individual funds, and reports that summarize the organization's financial activities across all of its funds.[6][7]
Fund accounting distinguishes between two primary classes of fund.[1][8] Those funds that have an unrestricted use, that can be spent for any purposes by the organisation and those that have a restricted use. The reason for the restriction can be for a number of different reasons. Examples include legal requirements, where the moneys can only be lawfully used for a specific purpose, or a restriction imposed by the donor or provider. These donor/provider restrictions are usually communicated in writing and may be found in the terms of an agreement, government grant, will or gift.[8]
When using the fund accounting method an organization is able to therefore separate the financial resources between those immediately available for ongoing operations and those intended for a donor specified reason. This also provides an audit trail that all moneys have been spent for their intended purpose and thereby released from the restriction.[1]
An example may be a local school system in the United States. It receives a grant from the its local state government to support a new special education initiative, another grant from the federal government for a school lunch program, and an annuity to award teachers working on research projects. At periodic intervals, the school system needs to generate a report to the state about the special education program, a report to a federal agency about the school lunch program, and a report to another authority about the research program. Each of these programs has its own unique reporting requirements, so the school system needs a method to separately identify the related revenues and expenditures. This is done by establishing separate funds, each with its own chart of accounts.
Nonprofit organizations[edit]
Nonprofit organizations will use a minimum of two categories, restricted and unrestricted funds.[8] However, as the organisation grows larger they may find they have to increase the number depending on restrictions and reporting requirements by donors and fund providers.
Unrestricted funds are as they name provides unrestricted and therefore organisations don't necessary need more than a single General Fund, however many larger organisations use several to help them account for the unrestricted resources. Unrestricted funds may included:
- General fund - this is the minimum fund needed for unrestricted resources and relates to current as well as non-current assets and related liabilities which can be used at the discretion of the organisation's governing board.
- Designated fund - assets which has been assigned to a specific purpose by the organisation's governing board but are still unrestricted as the board can cancel the desired use.[9]
- Trading funds - many large non-profit organisations now have shops and other outlets where they raise funds from selling goods and services. The profits from these are then used for the purpose of the organisations.[9]
- Plant (Land, building and equipment) fund Some organisations hold there non-current assets and related liabilities, is a separate fund from the current assets.[1]
- Current fund – unrestricted if the organisation holds his non-current assets in a Plant Fund then this is used to account for current assets that can be used at the discretion of the organization's governing board.[1][10]
Restricted funds may included:
- Endowment funds - permanent - are used to account for the principal amount of gifts or grants the organization is required, by agreement with the donor, to maintain intact in perpetuity or until a specific future date/event or has been used for the purpose for which it was given.
- Endowment funds - temporary - are similar to permanent endowment funds except that at a future time or after a specified future event the endowment become available for unrestricted or purpose-restricted use by the organisation[1]
- Annuity and Life-Income Funds are resources provided by donors where the organization has a beneficial interest but is not the sole beneficiary. These may include charitable gift annuities or life income funds.[1]
- Agency or Custodian funds are held to account for resources before they are disbursed according to the donor's instructions. The organisation has little or no discretion over the use of these resources and always equal liabilities in agency accounts.[1]
- Current funds – restricted use current assets subject to restrictions assigned by donors or grantors.[1][10]
Accounting basis and financial reporting[edit]
Like Profit making organisations, nonprofits and governments will produce Consolidated Financial Statements. These are generated in line with the reporting requirements in the country they are based or if they are large enough they may produce them under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), an example of this is the UK based charity Oxfam.[9] If the organisation is small it may use a cash basis accounting but larger ones generally use accrual basis accounting for their funds.[11]
Nonprofit and governments use the same 4 standard financial statements as profit making organisation, these include:
- Statement of financial activities or statement of support, revenue and expenses. This statement resembles the income statement of a business, but may use terms like excess or deficit rather than profit or loss. It shows the net results, by each fund, of the organization's activities during the fiscal year reported. The excess or deficit is shown as a change in fund balances,[12] simpler to an increase or decrease in owner's equity.
- Statement of financial position or balance sheet. Similar to the balance sheet of a business, this statement lists the value of assets held and debts owed by the organization at the end of the reporting period.[13]
- Statement of changes in equity just like for profit making organisations this shows the change in the organisation equity over the year. Under IFRS the nonprofit organisation can choose if it want to produce this statement or not, some do[14] and some don't[9]
- Statement of Cash Flows identifies the sources of cash flowing into the organization and the uses of cash flowing out during the reported fiscal year.[15]
In the United States there may also a separate Statement of functional expenses distributes each expense of the organization into amounts related to the organization's various functions. These functions are segregated into two broad categories: program services and supporting services. Program services are the mission-related activities performed by the organization. Non-program supporting services include the costs of fund-raising events, management and general administration.[16]
In the United States standards for nonprofit financial statements are set by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The Board's most recent proposal, announced to the public on April 22, 2015, could establish new standards for financial performance and liquidity information available to donors and lenders.[17]
United Kingdom governmental system[edit]
The United Kingdom government has the following funds:
- Consolidated Fund is the fund where all date-to-day revenues and expenses of the government are accounted. Each of the devolved government also have a consolidated fund.[18]
- Trading fund an government organisation which has been established as such by means of a trading fund order.[19]
- The National Loans Fund is the government's main borrowing and lending account. it is closely linked to the consolidated fund, which is balanced daily by means of a transfer to, or from, the national loans fund.
- The Exchange Equalisation Account is the government fund holding the UK's reserves of foreign currencies, gold, and special drawing rights. It can be used to manage the value of the pound sterling on international markets.
- National Insurance Funds are accounts which holds the contributions of the National Insurance Scheme.
- The Contingencies Fund is an account which may be used for urgent expenditure in anticipation that the money will be approved by Parliament, or for small payments that were not included in the year's budget estimates.[20]
Accounting basis and financial reporting[edit]
The United Kingdom government produces the financial statements called the Whole of Government Accounts. They are produced using the annual basis and generated under the International Financial Reporting Standards like any other large organisation.[14]
United States governmental system[edit]
State and local government funds[edit]
State and local governments use three broad categories of funds: governmental funds, proprietary funds and fiduciary funds.[2][7]
Governmental funds include the following.[21][22]
- General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds.
- Special revenue (or special) funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses.
- Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets,[23] such as buildings, equipment and roads. Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. A capital project fund exists only until completion of the project.[24] Fixed assets acquired and long-term debts incurred by a capital project are assigned to the government's General Fixed Assets and Long-Term Debts.
- Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. The debts of permanent and proprietary funds are serviced within those funds, rather than by a separate debt service fund.[25]
- Permanent funds should be used to report resources that are legally restricted to the extent that only earnings, and not principal, may be used for purposes that support the reporting government's programs—that is, for the benefit of the government or its citizenry.[26]
Proprietary funds include the following.[21]
- Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund.[27]
- Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise.[28] Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises.[29]
Fiduciary funds are used to account for assets held in trust by the government for the benefit of individuals or other entities.[30] The employee pension fund, created by the State of Maryland to provide retirement benefits for its employees, is an example of a fiduciary fund.[28] Financial statements may further distinguish fiduciary funds as either trust or agency funds; a trust fund generally exists for a longer period of time than an agency fund.[31]
Fixed assets and long-term debts[edit]
State and local governments have two other groups of self-balancing accounts which are not considered funds: general fixed assets and general long-term debts. These assets and liabilities belong to the government entity as a whole, rather than any specific fund.[32] Although general fixed assets would be part of government-wide financial statements (reporting the entity as a whole), they are not reported in governmental fund statements.[33] Fixed assets and long-term liabilities assigned to a specific enterprise fund are referred to as fund fixed assets and fund long-term liabilities.[34]
Accounting basis[edit]
The accrual basis of accounting used by most businesses requires revenue to be recognized when it is earned and expenses to be recognized when the related benefit is received. Revenues may actually be received during a later period, while expenses may be paid during an earlier or later period. (Cash basis accounting, used by some small businesses, recognizes revenue when received and expenses when paid.)
Governmental funds, which are not concerned about profitability, usually rely on a modified accrual basis. This involves recognizing revenue when it becomes both available and measurable, rather than when it is earned. Expenditures, a term preferred over expenses for modified accrual accounting, are recognized when the related liability is incurred.[35][36]
Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis.[37] Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as "full accrual" to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting.[38]
The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the fund's profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important.[39]
Financial reporting[edit]
State and local governments report the results of their annual operations in a comprehensive annual financial report (CAFR), the equivalent of a business's financial statements. A CAFR includes a single set of government-wide statements, for the government entity as a whole, and individual fund statements. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board establishes standards for CAFR preparation.[7]
Governments do not use the terms profit and loss to describe the net results of their operations. The difference between revenues and expenditures during a year is either a surplus or a deficit. Since making a profit is not the purpose of a government, a significant surplus generally means a choice between tax cuts or spending increases. A significant deficit will result in spending cuts or borrowing. Ideally, surpluses and deficits should be small.[7][40][41]
Federal government funds[edit]
Federal government accounting uses two broad groups of funds: the federal funds group and the trust funds group.[42]
Federal funds group[edit]
- General fund. Technically, there is just one general fund, under the control of the United States Treasury Department. However, each federal agency maintains its own self-balancing set of accounts. The general fund is used to account for receipts and payments that do not belong to another fund.[43]
- Special funds are similar to the special revenue funds used by state and local governments, earmarked for a specific purpose (other than business-like activities).[44]
- Revolving funds are similar to the Proprietary funds used by state and local governments for business-like activities. The term, revolving, means that it conducts a continuing cycle of activity. There are two types of revolving funds in the Federal Funds Group: public enterprise funds and intragovernmental revolving funds.[45]
- Public enterprise funds are similar to the enterprise funds used by state and local governments for business-like activities conducted primarily with the public.[44] The Postal Service Fund is an example of a public enterprise fund.[46]
- Intragovernmental revolving funds are similar to the internal service funds used by state and local governments for business-like activities conducted within the federal government.[44]
Trust funds group[edit]
- Trust funds are earmarked for specific programs and purposes in accordance with a statute that designates the fund as a trust. Its statutory designation distinguishes the fund as a trust rather than a special fund. The Highway Trust Fund is an example of trust funds.[47]
- Trust Revolving Funds are business-like activities, designated by statute as trust funds. They are, otherwise, identical to public enterprise revolving funds.[47]
- Deposit funds are similar to the agency funds used by state and local governments for assets belonging to individuals and other entities, held temporarily by the government. State income taxes withheld from a federal government employee's pay, not yet paid to the state, are an example of deposit funds.[48]
Accounting basis and financial reporting[edit]
The United States government uses accrual basis accounting for all of its funds. Its consolidated annual financial report uses two indicators to measure financial health: unified budget deficit and net operating (cost)/revenue.[49]
The unified budget deficit, a cash-basis measurement, is the equivalent of a checkbook balance. This indicator does not consider long-term consequences, but has historically been the focus of budget reporting by the media. Except for the unified budget deficit, the federal government's financial statements rely on accrual basis accounting.[49]
Net operating (cost)/revenue, an accrual basis measurement, is calculated in the "Statements of Operations and Changes in Net Position" by comparing revenues with costs.[50] The federal government's net operating (cost)/revenue is comparable with the net income/(loss) reported on an income statement by a business, or the surplus/(deficit) reported by state and local governments.
Fund accounting fiscal cycle (fictitious example)[edit]
The following is a simplified example of the fiscal cycle for the general fund of the City of Tuscany, a fictitious city government.
Opening entries[edit]
The fiscal cycle begins with the approval of a budget[51] by the mayor and city council of the City of Tuscany. For Fiscal Year 2009, which began on July 1, 2008, the Mayor's Office estimated general fund revenues of $35 million from property taxes, state grants, parking fines and other sources. The estimate was recorded in the fund's general ledger with a debit to Estimated Revenues and a credit to Fund Balance.[52]
|Ledger Account
|Estimated revenues
|Fund balance
An appropriation was approved by the city council, authorizing the city to spend $34 million from the general fund. The appropriation was recorded in fund's general ledger with a debit to Fund Balance and a credit to Appropriations.[52]
|Ledger Account
|Fund balance
In subsidiary ledgers, the appropriation would be divided into smaller amounts authorized for various departments and programs,[53] such as:
|Fire department
|Police department
|Public works
|Mayor's office
The complexity of an appropriation depends upon the city council's preferences; real-world appropriations can list hundreds of line item amounts. An appropriation is the legal authority for spending[54] given by the city council to the various agencies of the city government. In the example above, the city can spend as much as $34 million, but smaller appropriation limits have also been established for individual programs and departments.
Recording revenues[edit]
During Fiscal Year 2009, the city assessed property owners a total of $37 million for property taxes. However, the Mayor's Office expects $1 million of this assessment to be difficult or impossible to collect. Revenues of $36 million were recognized, because this portion of the assessment was available and measurable[35][36] within the current period.
|Ledger Account
|Taxes receivable
|Estimated uncollectible taxes
Payroll expenditures[edit]
The city spent a total of $30 million on its employee payroll, including various taxes, benefits and employee withholding. A portion of the payroll taxes will be paid in the next fiscal period, but modified accrual accounting requires the expenditure to be recorded during the period the liability was incurred.[35][36]
|Ledger Account
|Wages payable
|Taxes payable
|Benefits payable
Other expenditures[edit]
The Public Works Department spent $1 million on supplies and services for maintaining city streets.[55]
|Ledger Account
|Vouchers payable
Closing entries[edit]
At the end of the fiscal year, the actual revenues of $36 million were compared with the estimate of $35 million. The $1 million difference was recorded as a credit to the fund balance.[56]
|Ledger Account
|Estimated revenues
|Fund balance
The city spent $31 million of its $34 million appropriation. A credit of $3 million was applied to the fund balance for the unspent amount.[56]
|Ledger Account
|Fund balance
When the current fiscal period ended, its appropriation expired. The balance remaining in the general fund at that time is considered unexpended. City government agencies are not allowed to spend the unexpended balance, even if their expenditures during the now-ended fiscal period were less than their share of the expired appropriation. A new appropriation is necessary to authorize spending in the next fiscal period. (Liabilities incurred at the end of the fiscal period for goods and services ordered, but not yet received, are usually considered expended, allowing payment at a later date under the current appropriation. Some jurisdictions, however, require the amounts to be included in the following period's budget.)[57]
Instead of re-applying the unspent balance from the general fund to the same programs, the city council may choose to spend the money on other programs. Alternatively, they may use the balance to cut taxes or pay off a long-term debt. With a large surplus, reducing the tax burden will normally be the preferred choice.[7]
See also[edit]
- International Financial Reporting Standards
- United States Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
- United States Governmental Accounting Standards Board
- Permanent fund
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Blackbaud (October 2011). "Financial Management of Not-for-Profit Organizations" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- ^ a b Leon E. Hay (1980). Accounting for Governmental and Nonprofit Entities, Sixth edition, page 5. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, IL. ISBN 0-256-02329-8
- ^ IFRS for Investment Funds Deloitte Development LLC (2008). See "Challenges and Opportunities for Investment Funds" on p. 3. Retrieved 2010-05-17
- ^ Hedge Funds Accounting. Green Trader Funds. Retrieved 2010-05-17
- ^ "Profit versus Non-Profit Organizations" (PDF). UCSB Campus Information and Procedure Manual: Fund Accounting. University of California, Santa Barbara. 2004. p. IX. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
- ^ Hay, p. 4-5, 9.
- ^ a b c d e Jonas Elmerraji (June 1, 2007). "Investopedia: Cracking the Nonprofit Accounting Code". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
- ^ a b c ACCA (October 2015). "Companion Guide for Not-for-profits to the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- ^ a b c d "Oxfam Annual Report and Account 2014/15". oxfam.org.uk. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- ^ a b Hay, p. 609-610
- ^ Hay, p. 622
- ^ Hay, p. 622, 642
- ^ Hay, p. 648-649
- ^ a b "Whole of Government Accounts 2013-14". HM Treasury. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
- ^ Consolidated Financial Statements, p. 5 The American National Red Cross, June 30, 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
- ^ Hay, p. 622-625
- ^ Christopher Cole, CPA/CFF & CGMA, Ken Tysiac (April 22, 2015). "FASB proposes significant changes to not-for-profit reporting". Journal of Accountancy.
- ^ Part 5 of the Government of Wales Act: Finance, National Assembly for Wales Members' Research Service, September 2006
- ^ "Government Trading Funds Act 1973". legislation.gov.uk. UK Government. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- ^ "Contingencies Fund Act 1974". The UK Statute Law Database. Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 11 May 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Hay, p. 6
- ^ "Touring the Financial Statements, Part III: The Governmental Funds" Government Accounting Standards Board (November 2007). Retrieved 2010-03-17.
- ^ Fixed assets are sometimes referred to as capital assets, a broader term than fixed assets.
- ^ Earl Wilson, Jacqueline Reck, Susan Kattelas (2006). Accounting for Governmental & Nonprofit Entities, 14th edition. p. 163. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-310095-1.
- ^ Hay, p. 164-165
- ^ Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 34, para. 65
- ^ Hay, p. 232
- ^ a b State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2009 See "Fund Financial Statements," p. 12-13
- ^ Hay, p. 247
- ^ Hay, p. 286
- ^ Hay, p. 291
- ^ Hay, p. 7
- ^ State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2009 See "Government-wide Financial Statements," p. 11.
- ^ Hay, p. 10
- ^ a b c Hay, p. 8
- ^ a b c State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2009 See "Basis of Accounting," p. 48.
- ^ Hay, p. 225-226
- ^ Accounts & Reports. Kansas Department of Administration (October 28, 1998). See "Proprietary Funds." Retrieved 2010-03-19
- ^ Hay, p. 292
- ^ "Why governmental accounting and financial reporting is—and should be—different". Government Accounting Standards Board, official news release. March 16, 2006. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
- ^ Gerald R. Klatt. "What is the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR)?". Property Rights Research. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
- ^ OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts" See "Overview of fund types," p. 36. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
- ^ Hay, p. 476-477
- ^ a b c OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts" See "Characteristics of Fund Types," p. 37-38. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
- ^ OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts" See "Revolving Fund," p. 8. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
- ^ OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts" See "Federal Funds," p. 39. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
- ^ a b OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts" See "Trust funds," p. 39-40. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
- ^ OMB Circular A-11, Section 20 – "Terms and Concepts" See "Deposit funds," p. 40. Office of Management of the Budget (2009).
- ^ a b "Understanding Similarities and Differences Between Accual and Cash Deficits" U.S. Government Accountability Office (December 1, 2006). Retrieved 2010-03-26
- ^ Financial Statements of the United States Government for the Years Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 U.S. Government Accountability Office. See "Statements of Net Cost," p. 39. Retrieved 2010-03-26
- ^ In most jurisdictions, the budget is a legal document authorizing the government to incur debts, collect taxes and spend money. Hay, p. 20.
- ^ a b In the opening entries for a fiscal year, estimated revenues are recorded with a credit to the fund balance, while appropriations are recorded as a debit. Hay, p. 44.
- ^ Subsidiary ledger details are used to provide an appropriate level of budgetary control over government spending. Hay p. 43.
- ^ Hay, p. 687
- ^ When goods or services are received, the amount to be paid is debited to the expenditure account and credited to a liability (payable) account. Hay, p. 63. Transactions involving purchase orders involve encumbrance accounting, requiring a more complex transaction than the simplified example shown here.
- ^ a b Closing entries for a government's funds are similar to those of a for-profit business. The totals recorded in revenues and appropriations are reversed with debits while expenditures and estimated revenues are reversed with credits. The difference is applied to fund balance as a credit (surplus) or debit (deficit). Hay, p. 76-77.
- ^ Hay, p. 20-21.
External links[edit]
- John R. Throop (July 1, 2006). "Fund Accounting—Making sense of church finances". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
- State of Maryland Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, FY 2013 Example of financial statements prepared by a state government.
- Tim Riley (April 28, 2014). The Accountancy Model See chapters 15–19 (p. 191–222) for a quick reference to journal entries and math useful for state and local government fund accounting. The "Funds Characteristics Tree" on p. 191 illustrates relationships between funds.
- Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts 5 Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (December 26, 2007). Definitions of elements and basic recognition criteria for accrual-basis financial statements for federal agencies.
- For an example of nonprofit financial reporting, see the Consolidated Financial Statements of the American National Red Cross for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2010.


text:
Andromous Fish Research Center on Alsea
Here's a nice article from today's _Oregonian_ on the Oregon Hatchery Research Center, located on Fall Creek, a tributary of the Alsea. The article underscores the great hope for enhanced fisheries as a result of the work now underway at this facility.
If any of you are in the area, it's worth a look-see. Besides, the drive up the Fall Valley is like entering a living Currier and Ives print.
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Practice Coverage and Succession Planning
Succession planning: tools, documents and resources
Preparing the practice coverage and succession plan
Succession planning webinar available for viewing
"Planning ahead has one retiree sitting pretty" and "Succession planning," Spring 2011, Benchers' Bulletin
"Succession planning, it's good practice," Summer 2011, Benchers' Bulletin
Lawyers owe a professional obligation to clients to plan for interruptions in your practice, whether due to unexpected emergencies or a planned retirement. It also provides further protection from the risk of an insurance claim while you are unable to practise.
Small firm and sole practitioners in particular must ensure provisions have been made to manage or dispose of your practice.
Reasons for having a practice coverage and succession plan
- Only a practising lawyer may deal with files and trust accounts and the matter is further complicated if your practice is incorporated.
- The plans you put in place now will remove that extra burden from your loved ones during times of stress should something happen to you.
- Through a plan, you can choose the lawyer who will look after your practice, and on what financial terms.
- Planning can permit the net value of your practice to flow back to you or your estate.
What happens if you don't have a plan
- The Law Society may have to immediately contact your loved ones to arrange for practice coverage, possibly seeking court appointment of the Law Society as custodian if necessary.
- The appointment of a custodian may create a negative perception surrounding your practice, which may negatively affect the value of your practice.
- A custodian:
- must protect the interests of your clients by dealing with urgent matters or completing work paid for and still in progress, but cannot continue to represent them;
- may protect the value of the practice, but will not maximize it.
- Custodianship fees and expenses are paid by your practice, yourself or your estate, possibly resulting in additional debt for you or your estate.


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The digested fad: The 'Auto-Hope'n'Change'
By Larry Ryan
You may be aware of "Damn You Auto Correct", a meme charting examples of when smartphones' meddling predictive text systems throw awkward entendres into innocent conversations.
But some relaxed texters see it less a curse and more a crutch, happily relying on what we'll now call Auto Hope'n'Change (or "Auto hi and Chang").
Safe in the knowledge that the phone is going to fix things, one can misspell a word knowing that change is coming to the text.
But be warned, sometimes if you double down on your bad spelling expecting Auto Hope'n'Change to kick in, it can confuse the hell out of the phone and you end up with a line of govbledygkdb.
A brief opinion I hold
By Enjoli Liston
Guilt, confusion, outrage. This is the instant mood progression I experience when I'm approached, unsolicited, in the street. Invariably, the intrusion into my deepest thoughts ("Shall I have a sandwich for dinner?") involves the thrust of a scruffy leaflet, the face of a chugger, a hand in search of change.
My immediate but silent reaction is "GET OUT OF MY FACE!" And yet the response I deliver is a flustered "Sorry, no".
Recently, I have wondered why I am apologising. This person has encroached on me – why do I feel rude if I deny their demand?
I have thought about ignoring them. But then, I suppose I am now shoving my views in your faces, dear readers. So perhaps I should just keep apologising.
Enjoli Liston is Deputy World Editor of The Independent
How to: Get upgraded on a flight
By Luke Blackall
The chance to turn left when boarding a plane is what everyone in economy wishes for. Make that chance and wish happen with these tips.
As most of the seat jiggery-pokery happens late in the day, some advise turning up late to busy flights. But this is equivalent to going 'all in' in the high stakes world of plane poker, as getting bumped off the flight happens late on, too.
Don't try to bullshit your way to an upgrade, unless you are really, really good at BS. And if you are good at talking the talk, then surely you would have already conned someone into paying you enough to afford the upgrade in the first place.
Staff want a peaceful flight. If you're flying with a friend, consider faking a non-violent argument before take-off, then claim to staff that he or she is bullying you and ask to be moved. Swap roles on the way back.
Instant ethics
By Ellen E Jones
Dear Ellen
Q. I have a table at a fancy restaurant for my birthday but only for six. What should I tell the rest of my friends?
A. Invite your five foodiest friends, then organise something arguably more fun for everyone else. This makes it less about establishing a friendship hierarchy and more about matching the activity to the person.
@MsEllen E JonesReuse content


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Dynamical PaleoclimatologyElsevier Science 2001; US$ 109.95
The book discusses the ideas and creates a framework for building toward a theory of paleoclimate. Using the rich and mounting array of observational evidence of climatic changes from geology, geochemistry, and paleontology, Saltzman offers a dynamical approach to the theory of paleoclimate evolution and an expanded theory of climate. Saltzman was... more...
PaleoclimatologyElsevier Science 1999; US$ 109.95
Raymond S. Bradley provides his readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all of the important methods used in paleoclimatic reconstruction, dating and paleoclimate modeling. Two comprehensive chapters on dating methods provide the foundation for all paleoclimatic studies and are followed by up-to-date coverage of ice core research, continental... more...
Tropical and sub-tropical West AfricaElsevier Science 2007; US$ 320.00
West Africa and the eastern Atlantic stretching from Mauritania in the north to Namibia in the south offer a large latitudinal stretch incorporating nearly symmetrical climatic gradients from the Equator. On the time scale of Quaternary Glacial and Interglacial cycles, today, we possess well-documented and recently published marine sedimentary records... more...
Global Palaeoclimate of the Late CenozoicElsevier Science 1990; US$ 72.95
This is a detailed description of the history and chronology of global climate based on event-signal stratigraphy. The history of global climate is described for the last fifty million years with the description for the last one million years in detail. Climatostratigraphic sequences of twelve key regions are taken as a basis, eight of them situated... more...
Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding RegionsSpringer Netherlands 2009; US$ 127.37
This book features overviews and research papers dealing with South American climate variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene. It presents an insight into dynamics of the past and provides a work of reference for data-model comparison. more...
International geophysics seriesElsevier Science 1979; US$ 79.95
For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look... more...
Climate Modes of the PhanerozoicCambridge University Press 1992; US$ 46.00
This 1992 book assesses the information on the warm and cold states of the Earth's past climates to chart its evolution. more...
Reconstructing Earth's Climate HistoryWiley 2012; US$ 98.95 US$ 85.76
The context for understanding global climate change today lies in the records of Earth's past. This is demonstrated by decades of paleoclimate research by scientists in organizations such as the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL), and many others. The purpose of this full colour textbook... more...
PaleoclimatesColumbia University Press 2009; US$ 94.99
The field of paleoclimatology relies on physical, chemical, and biological proxies of past climate changes that have been preserved in natural archives such as glacial ice, tree rings, sediments, corals, and speleothems. Paleoclimate archives obtained through field investigations, ocean sediment coring expeditions, ice sheet coring programs, and... more...
Ostracoda as Proxies for Quaternary Climate ChangeElsevier Science 2012; US$ 221.00
Ostracod crustaceans, common microfossils in marine and freshwater sedimentary records, supply evidence of past climatic conditions via indicator species, transfer function and mutual climatic range approaches as well as the trace element and stable isotope geochemistry of their shells. As methods of using ostracods as Quaternary palaeoclimate proxies... more...


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See the images from NJ shore, photos, pics and images from the Hurricane 2012, this superstorm was the worst coastal storm on record causing floods, winds, destruction, evacuations as the picture shows along the entire east coast of the state. Before and after images showing destruction from the massive superstorm. photo of beaches washed away and beach erosion, causing a major cleanup and restoration so we can start to rebuild our towns. State of emergency was in effect for weeks, recovery performed by FEMA, the Red Cross and National Guard.trees,fallen,storm,destruction,boardwalk,boardwalks,picture frames,galleries,videos,seaside,lbi,atlantic city,seaside heights,Seaside park,seaside nj,jersey beaches,staten island,nyc,new york city,new york,whats the story,before and after,aftermath,disaster,recovery,evacuate,jersey shore,shoretowns,governer christie,christie,gov christie.
Photos before and after Hurricane Sandy 2012
NJ Shore Hurricane Sandy- News-Info
Boardwalk memories- Seaside Heights, NJ
After the Hurricane Sandy, the beach and boardwalks as we remember is gone. Most of us have fond memories of the shore throughout our lives from childhood to adults, the rebuilding of these towns, boardwalks and arcades is inevitable. Though many homes and structures have vanished nothing can erase the pictures in our minds of what it was like.
BUY Nostalgia photo prints, posters, postcards and more of coastal areas along the ocean throughout New Jersey
Memories...... Down The Shore
New Jersey is my home state. Being a baby boomer and growing up in Central New Jersey my whole life, I can remember as a teenager the excitement of visiting the Jersey shore going to the beaches and boardwalks. Every year as those first warm spring days arrived the popular thing to do with your friends was to go down the shore, no matter what day of the week or time of day, it was spring fever- you had to go there. The phrase "down the shore" doesn't really make sense but this is the saying among New Jerseyans, meaning go to the beach areas. One of us would borrow the family car and take a carload of friends on that exciting unforgettable one hour fun drive as we could hardly wait to get there. Two popular places to go were Seaside Heights and Asbury Park. As we drove over the Seaside Bridge you could smell the salt water ocean air reminding us were near our destination.
Popular places to visit along the Jersey coast at that time were Asbury Park boardwalk, Convention Center, Palace Amusements, Seaside boardwalk, Casino Pier, Atlantic City, Steel Pier, Wildwood, Wildwood Crest and Ocean City. Some of these famous towns had drastic economic changes during the late 60's and 70's and lost popularity as many resorts and businesses had closed leaving places like Asbury Park stripped of their summer tourism business and eventually requiring major economic revitalizing projects which are still taking place.


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Thanks. This worked for me too in (L)Ubuntu 11.04
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg libavcodec-extra*
for Ubuntu 11.10
great solution. It worked perfectly on the first try!
Sweet thanks this was very helpful and worked well!
using 10.10
I am unable to check that link. But got the app "winff" working since page 2 was informative on what needs to be installed.
I am including a screenshot of the error.
Isa Dsouza
Sell OutNever; Sold OutAlways!
For Precise, install libavcodec-extra-53; looks like an update to the package, but this fix works perfectly.
Registered Linux User #479009
Friend-->Linux; 6 and counting...
yeah, libavcodec-extra-52 ....
you save me ...


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A good mixologist needs just the right tools for the job! Use the handle for opening crown top bottles and the shovel for crushing and scooping ice.
Thank you for visiting Kikkerland Shovel Bottle Opener on shoppingfind.co.uk
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Log in
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This shirt dress consists of a white muslin blouse with embroidery and jewelled buttons, and an elegant, fitted crepe skirt. It is ideal for a sophisticated business look.
Our model is 5.91 ft tall and wears a size XS.
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Daniel's Bed and Breakfast
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
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TripAdvisor Reviews Daniel's Bed and Breakfast Barcelona
Travel Blogs from Barcelona
Day 2: Barcelona
... a lot of cool surrounding buildings as well as a lot of people walking out and about. I really loved the atmosphere! After about 30 minutes walking through the park, I decided that it looked and felt warm enough to go for a swim at the beach. While I was trying to find the exit, I stumbled upon a stunningly beautiful fountain! I really hadn't seen anything like it before. There were statues made out of gold and the water fall had some colorful foliage that made it look ...
Park Guell
... to get into the Gaudi area. Which has the buildings. We decided just to look and take photos from the outside and wandered around the park. We left and took more pictures of the buildings that you can see by the road before making our way down to the nearest metro. Walking down a street full of souvenir shops. We stopped inside one and bought a Catalonia flag pin. The people are Barcelona regard themselves as Catalonian over Spanish.
We ...
Day/Night 18: Wait no more
... day there goinf floor by floor. It is a popular store in Barcelona. ..there are three Corte Ingles' within a two block radius. One has 9 floors, one has 6 floors, and the other has 4 floors. Thankfully they all have escalators! After Corte Ingles we decided we stil had time left in our day to visit Sagrada Familia. The cathedral is still not finished and is coming up on the 100th anniversary of the architects ...
... meets here daily to read a chapter from The Rule of St Benedict, quoted earlier. Numerous abbots are buried in the room.
A large tour group came in and we followed it through previously locked areas, chief of which was the church.
The only item of note in the church itself were the royal tombs dating from the 14th and 15th c. The idea of King Peter III the Ceremonious, the tombs are on two arches. The tombs themselves are on an angle. ...
Barcelona - last day
... few photos for ourselves and other people. We wonder if it is this place that gave its name to the Spanish Stairs in Rome. We thought about going to the Olympic stadium which was the other thing on our list that we hadn't been back to, but it looked a lengthy walk and we still had the Oktober fest to visit. It was 3.30pm when we went there. It was immediately off the road that we were on, so took no time to get there. Entry was free ...


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Below is a list of all parts for the Tappan Dryer TDE546RBW0 - Residential, 27", Electrical. To find the repair part you need, you can browse the list below or you can narrow your choices by searching for a part by name or description.
This part helps the timer advance while in the Automatic Dry cycle.
Sold individually.
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3 Arm Chandelier Workstead
Product: 3 Arm Chandelier Workstead
Retailer: Horne
brand: Workstead
3 Arm Chandelier Workstead
This ceiling fixture fuses the concept of the chandelier with a keen understanding of function and flexibility. It utilizes re-purposed O.C. White industrial joints in conjunction with new-cut steel and brass sockets. The arms can be articulated in multiple axes; the joints allow for 360 degrees of rotation. The fixture is both articulate and elemental. Its goal is to gracefully exhibit the physical properties of the light.
The chandelier height is 50″ – 62″ from ceiling to bottom. The width is customizable depending on the orientation of the arms. Each arm is 30″ in length. Comes complete with matching ceiling rosette.


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The elastic properties of conducting vessels in vertebrates are determined, to a major extent, by the ratio of elastin to collagen. Under normal conditions, this ratio is dictated by the need to maintain the elastic modulus in a range that is best able to provide capacitance and pulse smoothing in a pulsatile circulatory system. This elastic modulus can change as a result of aging or disease through the loss of elastin or an increase in collagen. The consequences are a stiffening and dilation of the vessel and loss of its ability to dampen the pulsations in blood flow. Changes in blood flow and pressure result, with hypertension being a biomarker for altered vessel function. This proposal is organized around understanding the relationship between arterial stiffening and blood pressure changes.
Aim 1 will take advantage of mice where the elastin/collagen ratio has been reduced by inactivation of one copy of the elastin gene to study the relationship between arterial stiffening and the development of hypertension.
Aim 2 will employ conditional and inducible elastin transgenes to change the elastic properties of the vessel wall at different times to investigate the reversibility of stiffness-related hypertension.
Aim 3 will utilize gene expression profiling to identify individual genes, gene sets, and molecular pathways that change in response to vessel stiffness and alterations in blood pressure.
Aim 4 will pursue several treatment strategies that modulate blood pressure and alter vessel compliance.
This project seeks to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to conduit artery stiffening in the context of hypertension and explore the temporal relationship between arterial stiffening and the development of hypertension in animal models.
|Kim, Jungsil; Wagenseil, Jessica E (2015) Bio-Chemo-Mechanical Models of Vascular Mechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 43:1477-87
|Craft, Clarissa S; Pietka, Terri A; Schappe, Timothy et al. (2014) The extracellular matrix protein MAGP1 supports thermogenesis and protects against obesity and diabetes through regulation of TGF-?. Diabetes 63:1920-32
|Le, Victoria P; Yamashiro, Yoshito; Yanagisawa, Hiromi et al. (2014) Measuring, reversing, and modeling the mechanical changes due to the absence of Fibulin-4 in mouse arteries. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 13:1081-95
|Osei-Owusu, Patrick; Knutsen, Russell H; Kozel, Beth A et al. (2014) Altered reactivity of resistance vasculature contributes to hypertension in elastin insufficiency. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306:H654-66
|Gabriela Espinosa, M; Gardner, William S; Bennett, Lisa et al. (2014) The effects of elastic fiber protein insufficiency and treatment on the modulus of arterial smooth muscle cells. J Biomech Eng 136:021030
|Combs, Michelle D; Knutsen, Russell H; Broekelmann, Thomas J et al. (2013) Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 2 (MAGP2) loss of function has pleiotropic effects in vivo. J Biol Chem 288:28869-80
|Huang, Jianbin; Yamashiro, Yoshito; Papke, Christina L et al. (2013) Angiotensin-converting enzyme-induced activation of local angiotensin signaling is required for ascending aortic aneurysms in fibulin-4-deficient mice. Sci Transl Med 5:183ra58, 1-11
|Wagenseil, Jessica E; Mecham, Robert P (2012) Elastin in large artery stiffness and hypertension. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 5:264-73
|Le, Victoria P; Kovacs, Attila; Wagenseil, Jessica E (2012) Measuring left ventricular pressure in late embryonic and neonatal mice. J Vis Exp :
|Amin, Mazyar; Le, Victoria P; Wagenseil, Jessica E (2012) Mechanical testing of mouse carotid arteries: from newborn to adult. J Vis Exp :
Showing the most recent 10 out of 13 publications


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Decorate your own tree! Wooden trees to colour with acrylic paints or Deco pens and top with glitter for extra sparkle! Makes an ideal gift. Size 20cm x 22cm.
Thank you for visiting Wooden Trees - Pack of 2 on hundredsofgiftideas.co.uk
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|Also Known As:
|John Robert Rietz Jr.
|May 12, 1992
|October 19, 1932
|Cause of Death:
|colon cancer and complications from AIDS
|Birth Place:
|Highland Park, Illinois, USA
|Cast ... actor
Tall, curly-haired actor, often cast as business-suited paternal types. Reed worked on mainly forgettable TV series from the 1960s, first gaining widespread notice as a crusading lawyer in "The Defenders." He is best remembered as "a man named Brady, with three boys of his own" on that corny 70s ode to the suburban family, "The Brady Bunch." Reed subsequently had major supporting roles on the miniseries "Rich Man, Poor Man" (1976) and "Roots" (1977).
Please support TCMDB by adding to this information.Click here to contribute


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Watch Eyes of the Mothman
It first appeared in the late 1960s in a small West Virginia town. A large, winged creature that terrorized the populace. Dubbed the Mothman, some blamed it for the deadly collapse of the Silver Bridge. But was it really responsible? Is Mothman even real? Eyewitnesses give their testimony. Evidence is presented. Was Point Pleasant visited by an unknown creature or is Mothman simply a myth?
| 2007 | 2 hr 35 min | 10 /
- Cast
- Richard Pait, Beau T. Bellamy, Danny S. Cutler, Dennis D. Bellamy, Hazel K. DeWitt
- Studio
- Virgil Films
- Director
- Matthew J. Pellowski
- Language
- English


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Arthur Price Grecian Table Knife, Stainless Steel
Guide price: £11
Last updated on 28th Apr 2015
Tags: home garden dining room cutlery
Arthur Price Grecian Table Knife, Stainless Steel
This classic Grecian cutlery from Arthur Price comes in a timeless design that will complement any dinner service. Arthur Price premier cutlery epitomises the very best in English design and craftsmanship. Each piece has perfect poise, balance and weight and is handmade to the highest standards. Please note we are not permitted to sell a knife or blade to any person under the age of 18. Criminal Justice Act 1988 (as amended)
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14 Inch Round Glass Table Top, 1
Features : Glass table tops to be used as glass tops or glass covers for existing table or base *14'' Inch Round Glass Table Top with 14'' Inch Diameter *This 14'' glass top has a beveled edge *This glass table top is annealed for added strength *Round Glass table tops available in many sizes including: 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 56, 60, 72
"Vintage Reserve" Stainless-Steel Spreader with Wi
As a famous wine connoisseur once said "Wine makes every meal an occasion, every table more elegant, every day more civilized." In that spirit, Kate Aspen offers yet another tribute to the fruit of the vine and a favorite theme for weddings and parties with our "Vintage Reserve" Stainless-Steel Spreader with a distinctive wine-cork handle. Wine and cheese, anyone? Features and facts:
"Make it Mine" Stainless-Steel Heart Measuring Spo
It may be hard to measure love, but it's easy to measure the stunning impact of this tasteful, love-filled wedding favor on family and friends. Even the gift presentation has the power to fill your tabletops with color palette-complementary design--adding a touch more "Wow!" Features and facts:
"A Slice of Love" Stainless-Steel Pizza Cutter in
No matter how you slice it, there's simply no topping Kate Aspen when it comes to creative wedding favors! Place "A Slice of Love" Pizza Cutter next to each table setting, and when your guests go home, they'll take a "pizza" your heart with them—in a deliciously designed pizza box! Features and facts:


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Voting starts in March for the Drupal Association Board election.
D8 version
#D8CX: I pledge that Range will have a full Drupal 8 release on the day that Drupal 8 is released.
Most parts of the D7 version has been ported. See issue queue for details.
D7 version
This module is inspired by core
Number module and inherits some of it's features. It provides numeric range field. Range field allows to save two numeric (integer, decimal or float) values (from and to), which represents some kind of range (for example: age range).
Module's form element labels, as well as prefixes/suffixes can be localized using Field translation module, part of Internationalization project.
Field types:
- Integer range (range_integer)
- Float range (range_float)
- Decimal range (range_decimal)
The following settings can be specified:
- Minimum and maximum values
- Precision and scale [for decimal ranges]
- Decimal separator [for decimal and float ranges]
- FROM value prefix and suffix
- TO value prefix and suffix
- FIELD value prefix and suffix
- COMBINED value prefix and suffix
- FROM and TO form element labels
- Two textfields
- Default
- Formatted string
- Unformatted
Formatters have the following options:
- Range separator
- Combine equal values into a single one
- Thousand separator
- Decimal separator [for decimal & float ranges]
- Scale [for decimal & float ranges]
- Show FROM value prefix & suffix
- Show TO value prefix & suffix
- Show FIELD value prefix & suffix
- Show COMBINED value prefix & suffix
Third party modules support
This module is sponsored by Lemberg Solutions.
Project Information
- Maintenance status: Actively maintained
- Development status: Under active development
- Reported installs: 2,224 sites currently report using this module. View usage statistics.
- Downloads: 20,911
- Automated tests: Enabled
- Last modified: October 4, 2016
- Stable releases are covered by the security advisory policy.
Look for the shield icon below.
|tar.gz (20.78 KB) | zip (41.63 KB)
|tar.gz (30.24 KB) | zip (42.48 KB)


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Rates | Seattle Town Car Service
Please Note:
The above rates are for luxury Lincoln Town Car service. If you do not see your city or the rate for your trip on the list above, please give us a call at 425-435-4141.
Note, we charge a minimum amount of $45 for the trips shorter or equal to 8 milles.
In-city tours and special occasion trips are charged on per-hour basis at $50 per hour with 2 hour minimum charge + 20 % gratuity.
Limousine service is charged on per-hour basis at $95 per hour with 3 hour minimum charge + 20 % gratuity.
Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us! We will be happy to assist you!


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- Cape businessman known for starting NARS dies at 49 (2/23/17)9
- Apparent punch at girls basketball game propels lawmaker into action (2/21/17)4
- Business notebook: Owners ready to roll out the Barrel 131 (2/20/17)7
- Japanese restaurant up and running; owner surprised by fondness of sushi here (2/24/17)
- SoutheastHEALTH, Washington University School of Medicine announce collaboration (2/24/17)19
- Missouri bill would limit transgender school bathroom access (2/22/17)48
- MSHP: McLendon shot in side; autopsy refutes witness account (2/19/17)23
- Annual father-daughter dance provides some fun bonding time (2/19/17)1
- City issues precautionary boil order near Arena Park (2/23/17)
- $22M bond issue would alter Jackson schools (2/22/17)13
Speak Out 1/11/06
Chilled beer
HAVE YOU heard what Republican state Sen. Bill Alter of High Ridge has proposed? Alter has introduced a bill that would limit the sale of beer colder than 60 degrees. A fifth-grader came up with this idea to combat drunken driving offenses here in Missouri. I have a suggestion regarding Senate Bill 763. If you restrict the sale of intoxicating liquor to those refrigerated above 60 degrees I believe you are creating a loophole. Distributors can merely turn their thermostats up to 61 degrees. I propose we do away with refrigerated alcohol in Missouri. Let the consumer take their beverages home and chill them. I can't buy a case of a Coke or Pepsi product chilled, so I don't see how what I am proposing would create any hardship. Good luck with your bill, Senator Alter, and I hope you would consider this amendment so we may put some real teeth to your proposal.
Thanks for substation
I THINK it's a wonderful idea to have a post office station inside the Bi-State Oil Co. convenience store on North Kingshighway. It's great to see this substation on this side of town. The extended hours are wonderful, especially on Saturday and Sunday, and it's a great way to work around a person's busy schedule. Way to go, Cape Girardeau. Thanks.
No detours, please
I CANNOT believe Bloomfield Road will be closed for construction and people will have to travel considerably longer and farther to get anywhere. I would rather not have anything done if it is going to be so inconvenient. Besides having to go out of the way, it will take much more gasoline using the detours. I hope someone doesn't have to have an ambulance or need a fire truck to put out a house fire. How do other residents feel about this?
Lacking participation
LET'S EXAMINE the facts of a teacher's life. If your students go to lunch, art, music, P.E., computer lab and library, that gives teachers at least one free period a day, plus they eat their lunch. My grade-school child gets to school by 8 a.m., but the principal isn't usually there. I've volunteered my time a lot at school, but seldom do I see a teacher at any of the PTA meetings. Teachers were nonexistent when preparing for chili day. Now you know why I don't volunteer anymore. I didn't even get thanked.
Water Street issues
When I drive along Water Street, I want to see the Mississippi River. I'm not looking at the murals, and I don't care diddly squat what order they're in. If I wanted to see the murals in order, I would walk. You have to walk at state parks. Things were working out fine before someone got the idea to change Water Street. I wish it was the way it used to be.
Tasteless coverage
WHERE DO we draw the line with the news media? I think the explosion and death of several miners was a heartbreaking tragedy. Showing notes written while dying should be left only between the miners and their loved ones. Showing them on TV is completely tasteless.


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Rules for AWS IoT
Rules give your devices the ability to interact with AWS services. Rules are analyzed and actions are performed based on the MQTT topic stream. You can use rules to support tasks like these:
Augment or filter data received from a device.
Write data received from a device to an Amazon DynamoDB database.
Save a file to Amazon S3.
Send a push notification to all users using Amazon SNS.
Publish data to an Amazon SQS queue.
Invoke a Lambda function to extract data.
Process messages from a large number of devices using Amazon Kinesis.
Send data to the Amazon Elasticsearch Service.
Capture a CloudWatch metric.
Change a CloudWatch alarm.
Send the data from an MQTT message to Amazon Machine Learning to make predictions based on an Amazon ML model.
Before AWS IoT can perform these actions, you must grant it permission to access your AWS resources on your behalf. When the actions are performed, you incur the standard charges for the AWS services you use.


text:
The Field Optics Research extra lightweight tripod is made of carbon fiber and is great for the backpacker or hunter that is on foot or horseback. The head features 2 removable plates and is adaptable to a window mount as well. With legs fully extended, height is 55" without head and the legs also go out 150 degrees for lower stable position. Center rise is an additional 12".
|55" / 139.7cm
|Field Optics Research Schonfeld Highlander Small Carbon Fiber Tripod


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Scope of the Report:
This report focuses on the Computer Radiator in Global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.
Market Segment by Manufacturers, this report covers
Browse Full Report with Toc: http://www.acutemarketreports.com/report/global-computer-radiator-market-by-manufacturers-regions-type-and-application-forecast-to-2021
Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis covers
North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
South America, Middle East and Africa
Market Segment by Type, covers
Type I
Type II
Type III
Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into
Application 1
Application 2
Application 3
For Same Category Reports Visit Here: http://www.acutemarketreports.com/category/machinery-market
There are 13 Chapters to deeply display the global Computer Radiator market.
Chapter 1, to describe Computer Radiator Introduction, product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market risk, market driving force;
Chapter 2, to analyze the top manufacturers of Computer Radiator, with sales, revenue, and price of Computer Radiator, in 2015 and 2016;
Chapter 3, to display the competitive situation among the top manufacturers, with sales, revenue and market share in 2015 and 2016;
Chapter 4, to show the global market by regions, with sales, revenue and market share of Computer Radiator, for each region, from 2011 to 2016;
Chapter 5, 6, 7 and 8, to analyze the key regions, with sales, revenue and market share by key countries in these regions;
Chapter 9 and 10, to show the market by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2011 to 2016;
Chapter 11, Computer Radiator market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2016 to 2021;
Chapter 12 and 13, to describe Computer Radiator sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, appendix and data source.
Latest Reports :
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- http://www.acutemarketreports.com/report/global-snowboard-boot-sales-market-report-2016
- http://www.acutemarketreports.com/report/global-video-projectors-sales-market-report-2016
About – Acute Market Reports :
Acute Market Reports is the most sufficient collection of market intelligence services online. It is your only source that can fulfill all your market research requirements.We provide online reports from over 100 best publishers and upgrade our collection regularly to offer you direct online access to the world's most comprehensive and recent database with expert perceptions on worldwide industries, products, establishments and trends.
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text: Remove dust, dirt and debris from your house at the touch of a button with the iRobot SKU620 Robot Vacuum cleaner. At the touch of a button, the SKU620 can handle to task of cleaning your entire room without any effort on your part. Making use of the iAdapt Responsive cleaning technology and a range of different sensor the 620 can map out your room and program the best way to clean it. Its unique brush design will direct the dirt straight into the AeroVac bin, which ensures it is filled much more evenly and requires emptying less often. Once its done cleaning, the 620 will automatically navigate back to its recharging station, meaning you wont have to manually recharge it.Check stock and price


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Excellent hotel for solo travelers. Great location. Popular among solo travelers.
Guest Review Highlights
- Great location
- Room is all right
- Comfortable
- Service is adequate
Wego searches multiple travel sites so you can find and compare the best rates.
Based on 57 reviews from across the web.
Excellent hotel for solo travelers. Great location. Popular among solo travelers.
Check-in: 15:00
Check-out: 10:00
Building Amenities A Tridel built/ 25-Storey High Rise Condominium Indoor Parking 24 Hour Security Desk in Lobby Rooftop Fitness Centre Aqua Spa Private Screening Theatre Games Room with Terraces Roof Top Lounge with Catering Kitchen Billiard Room Element is located right at Front Street and Blue Jays Way in downtown Toronto/ in the heart of the Entertainment district with easy access to the transit system/ the PATH walkway system and the main arteries leading in and out of the downtown area. This building features a Rooftop Fitness Centre/ Aqua Spa/ Private Screening Theatre/ Games Room/ Terraces/ Roof Top Lounge and a billiards room.


text:
Greetings Guest!!Dismiss Notice
In order to combat SPAM on the forums, all users are required to have a minimum of 2 posts before they can submit links in any post or thread.
[Suggestion] quests are hard to do with the enhaned client
Discussion in 'UO Enhanced Client Discussion' started by aarons6, Sep 12, 2009.


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Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Contact for details
Contact for details
Camden Hunter's Creek is part of a planned community development with more than 14,000 residents in single family and multifamily homes, major retailers and restaurants. Our 1, 2 and 3 bedroom floor plans feature built in-computer desks, garden tubs, walk-in closets and ceramic tile. Relax in our resort-style swimming pool or work out in the fitness center. Our pet-friendly community is only six miles from Walt Disney World. Our premiere location makes it convenient to access other attractions and area hotspots. Please note that all floor plan availabilty is subject to change. Call for details.
Lease terms are variable. Please inquire with property staff.
Dogs Allowed. Cats Allowed. Pets Accepted. Call for service animal policy.
270 units
Contact Propertyor call
Monday-Wednesday: 10:00am-6:00pm
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More Videos...
1968 Firebird Burn Out
This car is no longer available! Super Cool 1968 Firebird, Burn Out, This awesome car is for sale, call 586-838-0097 or go to: http://sleemansclassiccars.com to read all about it!
10 second 68 Firebird Sacramento Raceway 1987
This 68 Firebird was my first car purchased when I was 17 in 1977. The car is currently undergoing a frame-off restoration. At the time this video was taken in 1987 it was powered by a 455 Pontiac engine. The best ¼ mile performance was an ET of 10.87 and a MPH of 124.83 WITHOUT the aid Nitrous oxide. The heads are ported factory cast iron D-Ports cast# 48. Crankshaft is factory 455 Rods are factory 73/74 455 Super-Duty Camshaft is a Cam Dynamics solid flat-tappet with .618/.644" lift (1.65 rockers) 265/275 @.050 duration Advertised duration is 312/322 int/exh Pistons are Ross flat-tops yielding 12:1 compression ratio with the 69cc chambers Carburetion is 2 660cfm Holley center squirters mounted on a Doug Nash/Warrior tunnel-ram manifold. The differential is a Dana 60 with a 4.10 ratio gear set
1967 firebird 4 speed
1967 pontiac firebird 4 speed doing a burnout in your face
Everyone loves a Good Burnout.. Unfortunately they don't always go according to plan with Tyre Fires, Rods Out or the dreaded Wall Hit.. Here's a compilation of some of the best action I've filmed over the past 12 months...


text:
It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
Dark Souls 2 - Walkthrough/Bosses/Tutorial/Gameplay/Guide
Youtube Channel!
Please Click Here to Support My CHANNEL! Thank You ALL!
Originally posted by VicodinTaco
Thank god for Dark Souls. MMORPG's have become cake walks, and games like Dragon Age use enemy level scaling which render stats pointless.
If only we could get a brutally hard progression based MMORPG on the market one of these years.
Thank god i have a consolea , been playing since release.
Originally posted by natpick
dark souls 2 was actualy made for pc and actualy ported to consoles dude,you obviously dont even play the series,and pcg are spot on with the review.
You're wrong. DS2 was made for the consoles and then ported to the pc. And it's a shitty port as well.
this guy is spot on.


text:
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Host by NetBox Version 2.8 Build 4128
Disguise Disney Pixar Toy Story Costume - Buzz Lightyear
To the candy bowl and beyond! Your trick-or-treater will create quite a buzz thanks to a look that's light years ahead of the competition. And with a white bodysuit and purple hood, your space commander will be headed for planetary fun!
Why You'll Love It: Your Halloween mission will be easily accomplished thanks to this out of this world look!
• Imported- China
• 100% Polyester
Product Notes
List: $35.99
For the purchase limit reached item, please choose a quantity to Add to RegistryQuantity:
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By choosing one of the above, you are able to shop for both yourself and a registrant at the same time. Once you are ready to checkout your items will be waiting for you in both your personal and registry shopping carts.
Still need assistance?
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Reviewed by 1 customer
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text:
UMC Event Calendar
W.O.W. - Campus Showdown
Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Come and cheer on your favorite team when the faculty/staff team takes on the student team in a variety of friendly competitions. The "winner" will walk away with bragging rights for the year and the highly coveted "Golden Boot" travelling trophy.
Sponsored by Crookston Student Association
Share this Event:Email to a Friend
Save this Event:iCalendar vCalendar
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Mumbai: Indian Premier League (IPL) champions Mumbai Indians will play Rajasthan Royals, who finished third in the same competition, in the inaugural match of the Champions League T20 2013 at Jaipur's Sawai Man Singh Stadium September 21.
The CLT20 2013 final will be played October 6 at the Ferozeshah Kotla Grounds, Delhi, which hosted Qualifier 1 and the Eliminator in the Pepsi IPL 2013.
The Kotla will also host the second semi-final of the tournament, Oct 5. The first semi-final will be played at Jaipur Oct 4.
The opening group stage encounter will be followed by a double-header at Ranchi's JSCA International Stadium Complex, Sep 22.
Brisbane Heat, the winners of Australia's KFC T20 Big Bash League, will play Trinidad and Tobago, the domestic T20 champions in the West Indies, in the first game and it will be followed by a duel between Chennai Super Kings, IPL runners-up, and the Titans, South Africa's domestic T20 runners-up.
Delhi, Jaipur and Ranchi apart, the CLT20 2013 matches will be played at the Sardar Patel Gujarat Stadium, Motera, Ahmedabad, and the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad.
The teams will play one another once, with the top two advancing to the Group Stage. Q1 / Q3 will enter Group A, if either of them makes it to the Group Stage. Q2 / Q4 will enter Group B, if either of them makes it. If Q1 and Q3 both make it to the Group Stage, then Q1 will enter Group A, and Q3 will enter Group B. If Q2 and Q4 both make it to the Group Stage, then Q2 will enter Group B, and Q4 will enter Group A.
The Group Stage will feature ten teams. Group A will comprise Mumbai Indians (winners of Pepsi IPL 2013), Rajasthan Royals (third-ranked team in the Pepsi IPL 2013), Highveld Lions (winners of South Africa's domestic T20 competition), Perth Scorchers (KFC T20 Big Bash League runners-up), and a team from the Qualifier.
Group B will comprise Brisbane Heat (KFC T20 Big Bash League champions), Trinidad & Tobago (West Indies T20 champions), Chennai Super Kings (runners-up in the Pepsi IPL 2013), Titans (South Africa's domestic T20 runners-up), and a team from the Qualifier.
The top team from Group A will play the second-ranked team from Group B in the first semi-final at Jaipur on Oct 4, 2013. The top team from Group B will play the second-ranked team from Group A in the second semi-final at Delhi on Oct 5, 2013. The winners of the semis will play in the CLT20 2013 Final on Oct 6, 2013.
Group A: Mumbai Indians (India), Highveld Lions (South Africa), Perth Scorchers (Australia), Rajasthan Royals (India), and A team from the Qualifier.
Group B: Chennai Super Kings (India), Titans (South Africa), Brisbane Heat (Australia), Trinidad & Tobago (West Indies), and A team from the Qualifier.
Q1 - Otago Volts (New Zealand)
Q2 - Sunrisers Hyderabad (India)
Q3 - SLC1 (Sri Lanka)
Q4 - Faisalabad Wolves (Pakistan)
Mumbai Indians face Rajasthan Royals in CLT20 openerIANS – Wed 24 Jul, 2013 9:03 AM IST
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Margarita News
News about Margarita continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
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By Paul Zeise Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
Pitt received a commitment from Bishop McDevitt standout running back Jameel Poteat this afternoon. He is the Panthers 11th commitment from the class of 2011.
The 5-foot-11, 195-pound Poteat rushed for 1,664 yards and 24 touchdowns last year, and 1,308 yards and 15 touchdowns in 2008.
He chose the Panthers over scholarship offers from USC, Florida, Notre Dame, Tennessee, Iowa, and Rutgers, among others.
Poteat's older cousin Hank was a standout player at Pitt who played for the Steelers and New England Patriots in the NFL.
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text: A luxurious take on the traditional check shirt from Aquascutum, the Stapleton is sure to take pride of place in your casual collection. Expertly crafted in Portugal from soft brushed cotton, it features a classic collar, curved button cuffs, mother of pearl buttons, and double pleats at the back. Combine with jeans and suede chukka boots for an effortlessly refined off-duty look.Check stock and price


text:
Educating New Americans
Immigrant Lives and Learning
By (author) Donald F. Hones Shou C. Cha
Format: Paperback
Normal Price: $70.99
Your Price: $63.89 AUD, inc. GST
Shipping: $7.95 per order
You Save: $7.10! (10% off normal price)
Plus...earn $3.19 in Boomerang Bucks
Availability: Available, ships in 7-10 days
Educating New Americans by Donald F. Hones
Book DescriptionEducating New Americans examines what it means to be an American through the history of a refugee from Laos. Shou Cha is a community liaison for an elementary school, an evangelical preacher, a community leader, a husband, and a father. His lifetime of learning, presented mainly in his own voice, is framed by various historical and sociological contexts that have shaped his life, the lives of other Hmong refugees, and the lives of other Americans, old and new. These contexts include the history of immigrant education policies in the United States, as seen through the lives of immigrant children; the historical and sociological impact of warfare as well as missionary work in the lives of the Hmong people; and the sociology of generational conflict, especially as it is felt among immigrant groups. Finally, this book suggests that immigrant parents such as Shou Cha can contribute to the process of teaching peace to children, and making peace between diverse groups in America, the land of e pluribus unum.
Buy Educating New Americans book by Donald F. Hones from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780805831344
(229mm x 152mm x 16mm)
Pages: 264
Imprint: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc
Publish Date: 12-Feb-1999
Country of Publication: United States
Other Editions...
Books By Author Donald F. Hones
American Dreams, Global Visions, Hardback (September 2002)» View all books by Donald F. Hones
This work explains and illustrates dialogic teacher research with immigrant and refugee families - which encompasses methods that are at once ethnographic, participatory, and narrative. It gives examples of how dialogic teacher research can inspire changes in teaching.
» Have you read this book? We'd like to know what you think about it - write a review about Educating New Americans book by Donald F. Hones and you'll earn 50c in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars (you must be a member - it's free to sign up!)
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I just came accross a cool robot project control me online.
i tried it and it works, you control a train on someone house.
So I'm the first person that did manage to make it work.
click download and enjoy.


text:
Album Rating: 2.5Not sure why I forced myself to listen to this. Bland riffs after bland riffs for 58 minutes.
Album Rating: 3.5This is the first album I've ever listened to by these guys. Diggin' it though.
Digging: Eighteen Visions - Eighteen Visions
Album Rating: 3.5 | Sound OffCan't see myself listening to the new one but this is a solid groove/death metal album
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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When you hear the word "snack", it is natural to think about crisps, chocolate, sweets and popcorn. But if you've jumped on the low carb bandwagon, these traditional munchies are off the menu. So what's a low-carb dieter to do?
Enjoy a snack attack.How about a snack attack with some delicious low carb alternatives? No point crying over spilled carbohydrates, when you can dig into these terrific choices instead.
Egg 'em on.Long thought of as being "full of fat" by dieters, eggs are back on the menu when you follow a Low-Carb plan. Keep a stock of hard-boiled eggs in your fridge for a handy snack, mash with spring onion and low-fat mayonnaise or top with chilli powder for a quick bite.
It's not easy being green.Maybe not for Kermit, but nothing could be easier than making a classic guacamole. All you need are ripe avocados, some chopped red onion, coriander, garlic, a touch of salt and a squeeze of lime juice all mashed together. High in fibre and low in carbs, enjoy this dip with low carb-friendly green veggies or low carb bread.
Go nuts.Nuts are both high in protein and fibre, making them a great low carb snack. A serving of 30g of almonds, coconut or hazelnuts provides around 2 grams of carbs while the same serving of brazil nuts or macadamia nuts have around half this with only 1g carbs. But remember to opt for the non-salted or low salt variety instead of the overly salted kind.
Say cheese.Pick-and-mix cheese portions are perfect on-the-go snacks. The high protein content helps to quell a hungry tummy. The full-fat variety of cream cheese smeared generously on a piece of celery will also do the trick.
Viva Italia.Look to the deli counter for more great snacks. Olives, pine nuts, mozzarella balls, goats cheese, parma ham or even small servings of marinated peppers and artichoke hearts are suitable low carb snacks with a Mediterranean feel.
Roll baby, roll.A little turkey or other leftover meat rolled in a Romaine lettuce leaf will totally satisfy, and takes just a minute to throw together. You can bulk it up by adding a blob of cream cheese too if you like.
Start a diet plan at tescodiets.com
Thanks to tescodiets.com who have provided this article.


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Hannah Mittelstaedt on Jun 5, 2014
I dig this pattern. It's really bright and accurate to an avocado. So good!
Valerie Valdes on Nov 16, 2013
Looks even better in person.
Cjax on Oct 19, 2013
Love the shirt! Fast and easy shipment!
a stitch in time
my mom taught me to stitch as a little girl & i've been doing it ever since.
from very messy samplers then to weird hamsters now, i enjoy both the time consuming & mind clearing tediousness of cross-stitching and the sweet & unassuming end result.
my love of vintage clothing & tchotchkes was also passed down to me from my mother & occasionally i share some of my favorite finds with you here.
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