text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1986
|Filing date
|Nov 19, 1982
|Priority date
|Nov 19, 1982
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael A. Mihalik, Gerd H. Hoeren, Michael G. Reiney, James J. Besemer, Steven R. Palmquist
|Original Assignee
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (37), Classifications (11), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The subject matter of the present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for time aligning data acquired by one test instrument with corresponding data acquired by another test instrument.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a prototype microprocessor-controlled circuit, the microprocessor included therein executes a set of instructions stored in a memory. As a result of the execution of each instruction by the microprocessor, various functions are performed by the other components present in the circuit. Often, a test instrument, such as an emulator, is used, in lieu of said microprocessor, in the prototype circuit to emulate the function of said microprocessor. The emulator contains a memory for storing a set of binary codes therein representing the set of instructions executed by the microprocessor. In addition, another test instrument, such as a logic analyzer, is used to monitor the functions performed by said other components present in said circuit, and to display a multitude of binary data indicative of said functions.
However, there is no apparatus currently known capable of acquiring the set of binary codes, representative of the set of instructions executed by the microprocessor, and the multitude of binary data indicative of said functions, and capable of inter-relating and time-aligning, in chronological order, the set of binary codes with the multitude of binary data for analysis and interpretation thereof.
It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of time-aligning data acquired by one test instrument with data acquired by another test instrument.
It is another object of the present invention to display on one display means the time-aligned data acquired by the respective test instruments.
These and other objects of the present invention are accomplished by acquiring the set of binary codes representative of the set of instructions executed by the microprocessor of the prototype circuit. With the acquisition of each of said binary codes, a count is developed in a counter indicative of each said acquisition. The multitude of binary data is acquired independently of the acquisition of the set of binary codes. The set of binary codes and the multitude of binary data each have associated therewith a count representative of a count of said counter.
A mini-computer receives the acquired set of binary codes and the acquired multitude of binary data including the counts corresponding thereto. A count corresponding to a binary code is associated with the same count corresponding to a group of binary data. When this association is made, the group of binary data, indicative of the functions performed by said other components present in said circuit, is matched, or time-aligned, on a display, with the binary code, indicative of the execution of the corresponding instruction by said microprocessor. As a result, when an instruction is executed by the microprocessor of a user's prototype circuit, it is possible to easily determine and analyze, on said display, the activity which took place among said other components present in said circuit as a result of the execution of said instruction by said microprocessor.
Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the details of the description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications with the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description.
A full understanding of the present invention will be obtained from the detailed description given hereinbelow and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention for time aligning data acquired by one test instrument with corresponding data acquired by another test instrument.
FIG. 2 illustrates the construction of a state stamp probe, one component of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate, in concept, the manner in which the results of the present invention are achieved.
FIG. 4 illustrates a resultant display associated with the apparatus of the present invention.
The full appreciation and understanding of the present invention will be obtained with reference to FIG. 1 of the drawings. In FIG. 1, an apparatus for time-aligning data acquired by one test instrument with corresponding data acquired by another test instrument is illustrated. A user's prototype microprocessor controlled circuit 10 would normally utilize a microprocessor 10A and a set of associated circuitry 10B for performing certain functions as directed by the microprocessor 10A.
In lieu of the microprocessor 10A in the phototype circuit 10, an emulator 12 may be utilized for emulating the functions of the microprocessor 10A. The emulator 12 includes a probe adapted to be inserted within a socket wherein the microprocessor 10A resides within the prototype circuit 10. A typical emulator, which may be utilized to perform the function of the emulator 12 illustrated in FIG. 1, is the Tektronix 8540 Advanced Integration Unit. The emulator 12 includes a control box 12A, an emulator portion 12B, and a trigger trace analyzer 12C.
A plurality of probes, connected to a logic analyzer 14, are attached to the components disposed within the associated circuitry 10B of the user's prototype circuit 10, the logic analyzer being utilized as a monitor for monitoring the functions performed by said components disposed within the associated circuitry 10B. The logic analyzer 14 acquires a multitude of binary data indicative of the functions performed by said components within the associated circuitry, and displays the multitude of binary data on a display 14A. A typical logic analyzer which may utilized to perform the function of the logic analyzer 14 illustrated in FIG. 1 is the Tektronix DAS-9100 series logic analyzer.
One output of the trigger trace analyzer 12C associated with the emulator 12 is connected to an input of a state stamp probe 16. An output terminal of the state stamp probe 16 is further connected to an input of the logic analyzer 14. Referring to FIG. 2, the state stamp probe 16 further includes a counter 16A the input of which is connected to the trigger trace analyzer 12C at the output terminal thereof. The output of counter 16A is connected to the input of the logic analyzer 14. A further output terminal of the trigger trace analyzer 12C is connected to the output terminal of the counter 16A. An output signal from the counter 16A comprises a seven bit binary signal. An output signal from the further output terminal of the trigger trace analyzer comprises a one bit binary signal. As a result, an output signal generated by the state stamp probe 16 comprises seven bits, representing the output signal from counter 16A, followed by an eighth bit, representing the output signal from the further output terminal of the trigger trace analyzer 12C.
Referring to FIG. 1, an output terminal of the emulator 12, and an output terminal of the logic analyzer 14 are both connected to a mini-computer 18. A typical mini-computer which may be used to perform the function of the mini-computer 18 illustrated in FIG. 1 is the Tektronix 8560 Multi-User Software Development Unit. The mini-computer 18 time-aligns a set of binary codes received from the emulator 12 with the multitude of binary data received from the logic analyzer 14, and displays the time aligned data on a display terminal 20 connected thereto.
In order to fully appreciate the function performed by the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, reference is directed to FIG. 3A of the drawings. In FIG. 3A, an example is given of the binary codes acquired by emulator 12 in one column, versus binary data acquired by logic analyzer 14 in a second column. The binary codes comprise a code "DATA .0." and a code "DATA 4". Associated with the code "DATA .0." is a count indicated by "count 1". Associated with the code "DATA 4" is a count indicated by "count 2". The binary data acquired by the logic analyzer 14 comprises data indicated by "DATA 1", "DATA 2", "DATA 3", and "DATA 5". Associated with this data are counts indicated by "count 1", "count 1", "count 1", and "count 2", respectively. The present invention time aligns the binary codes acquired by emulator 12 with the binary data acquired by logic analyzer 14, by using the counts associated therewith. When the time alignment process is complete, a display similar to the illustration shown in FIG. 3B of the drawings is presented on the display of display terminal 20. Referring to FIG. 3B, utilizing said counts, and specifically COUNT 1, the binary data indicated by "DATA 1", "DATA 2", and " DATA 3" are aligned, in chronological order, with the code indicated by "DATA .0.". Similarly, utilizing count 2, the binary data indicated by "DATA 5" is aligned in chronological order, with the binary code indicated by "DATA 4". An example illustration of a display presented on the display terminal 20 is presented in FIG. 4 of the drawings. Note that FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3 in format.
A description of the functional operation of the present invention, illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, producing the results shown in FIGS. 3B and 4 of the drawings, is presented in the paragraphs provided hereinbelow.
The microprocessor 10A associated with the user's prototype circuit 10 is removed, and a probe associated with emulator 12 is plugged therein. A probe associated with logic analyzer 14 is connected to the components included within the associated circuitry 10B within the user's prototype circuit 10. The emulator 12 begins to execute a set of instructions stored therein similar to the instructions executed by the microprocessor 10A associated with the user's prototype circuit 10. When each instruction is executed by the emulator portion 12B associated with emulator 12, a binary code is acquired thereby and is stored in a memory therein. Simultaneously therewith, the trigger trace analyzer 12C associated with the emulator 12 produces a pulse at an output terminal thereof for incrementing the counter 16A associated with the state stamp probe 16. The counter 16A develops an output signal indicative of the count recorded therein. Consequently, when the logic analyzer 14 acquires binary data from the components included within the associated circuitry 10B within the user's prototype circuit 10, the binary data is associated with a count of the counter 16A, the binary data and the count corresponding thereto being stored within the logic analyzer 14. When the instruction has been completely executed by the emulator 12, a trigger pulse is generated at the further output terminal (12C1) of the trigger trace analyzer 12C. This trigger pulse is received by the logic analyzer 14 and prevents the logic analyzer 14 from acquiring further binary data from the components included within the associated circuitry 10B of the user's prototype circuit 10.
A further instruction is executed by the emulator 12, and another binary code is acquired thereby for storage therein. Simultaneously therewith, another output pulse is generated by the trigger trace analyzer 12C at the output terminal thereof for incrementing, again, the counter 16A. The counter 16A then generates another output signal indicative of the incremented count, said another output signal being received by the logic analyzer 14. Consequently, when the logic analyzer 14 begins to re-acquire binary data from the components included within the associated circuitry 10B, the incremented count is associated with the re-acquired binary data. The re-acquired binary data and the incremented count associated therewith are stored within the logic analyzer 14. When the further instruction has been fully executed by the emulator 12, a trigger pulse is again generated by the trigger trace analyzer 12C at the further output terminal thereof, in order to prevent to logic analyzer 14 from continuing to acquire further binary data from the components included within the associated circuitry 10B.
When the set of binary codes and the counts corresponding thereto are fully acquired by emulator 12 and stored therein, and when the multitude of binary data and the counts corresponding thereto are fully acquired by the logic analyzer 14 and stored therein, the set of binary codes, the multitude of binary data, and the counts corresponding respectively thereto are transmitted to and received by the mini-computer 18. In accordance with a software program stored therein, the mini-computer 18 time-aligns, in chronological order, the binary data acquired by logic analyzer 14 with the binary codes acquired by emulator 12, using the counts corresponding respectively thereto. For example, referring to FIG. 3A, the mini-computer 18, using the counts corresponding respectively thereto, time-aligns "DATA 5", associated with the binary data acquired by logic analyzer 14, with the "DATA 4" associated with the binary codes acquired by emulator 12. Further, the mini-computer 18 time-aligns "DATA 1", "DATA 2", and "DATA 3", associated with the binary data acquired by logic analyzer 14, with "DATA .0.", associated with the binary codes acquired by emulator 12. As a result of this time alignment process, the mini-computer 18 generates an output signal which is received by terminal 20, the terminal 20 generating a display thereon having a format similar to the format illustrated in FIG. 3B of the drawings. Note that "DATA 1", "DATA 2", and "DATA 3" are time-aligned, in chronological order with "DATA .0.", and "DATA 5" is time-aligned with "DATA 4". Terminal 20 will present a display thereon very similar to the display illustration shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings.
A complete description, in algorithmic form, of the software utilized by mini-computer 18 for performing the time alignment function of the present invention is set forth under the heading "3.2.4 Time-Correlation/Display Functions" and subheadings 18.104.22.168 and 184.108.40.206 in a document entitled "Digital Design Lab (DDL) Functional Requirement Specification". An abridged version of this document is duplicated hereinbelow in Appendix A. Relevant illustrations referred to therein correspond to the drawings wherein FIG. 1 corresponds to FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2, 4A, and 5 correspond to FIG. 4. The "DAS" referred to corresponds to logic analyzer 14 in FIG. 1, "8540" corresponds to emulator 12, and "8560" corresponds to minicomputer 18.
The DDL system will provide two primary capabilities to the user. First, it will permit the DAS and 8560 to communicate. This communication will make it possible to exchange data between DAS and 8560 and transfer commands from 8560 to the DAS. This is especially attractive because the 8560 box contains a mass storage device (hard disk) on which DAS data/initialization/control files may be stored. Also, the 8560, being a UNIX-based software development unit, will be able to process acquisition data files received from the DAS.
The second major objective of DDL is to merge 8540 emulation/TTA functions and DAS logic analysis/pattern generation functions during prototype debugging operations. Currently, emulation provides visibility into the operations of a prototype in the sense that detailed operations within the prototype processor may be monitored and controlled (see FIG. 1). However, using an emulator only, little knowledge is gained regarding operations in areas of the prototype which are electrically isolated from the microprocessor ("associated circuitry" in FIG. 1) or which occur between processor bus cycles. Information regarding these operations may be obtained via a logic analyzer such as the DAS.
One problem associated with monitoring/controlling a prototype with both an emulator/TTA and logic analyzer is that the information derived from the emulator/TTA and logic analyzer is typically not correlated in time. That is, it is often unclear which events shown on the logic analyzer display correspond to given events shown on the emulator control console. The DDL system will solve this problem by providing one of the two systems (the DAS) with a time reference which will be read during each of its data acquisitions. This time reference will subsequently be used by time-correlation software.
After EMU/TTA and logic analyzer data acquisition operations are completed, the data acquired by each system will be uploaded to the 8560 where the data will be time-correlated and subsequently displayed on a terminal.
The first DDL objective, providing communication between the DAS and 8560, may be accomplished via an 8560-resident software package and an RS-232 cable which would connect the DAS and 8560. The time correlation function may be accomplished via the software package and RS-232 cable mentioned above plus a special DAS "State Stamp Probe".
DDL is the hardware and software interconnection of an 8560/8540 system and a DAS. A typical system configuration, shown in FIG. 1, consists of an 8540 (which contains an emulator and TTA), 8560, DAS, State Stamp Probe, RS-232 cable, and terminal (typically, the CT8500). The pieces of hardware which comprise the DDL product, itself, are the "State Stamp Probe" which functionally provides a common time reference for the DAS/TTA combination and the RS-232 cable which provides an electrical path for communication between the DAS and 8560. Software required for DDL operations will reside primarily in the 8560. The software will provide communications/control capability between DAS and 8560, perform the time correlation of DAS/TTA data, and generate the appropriate displays.
The items to be productized as "DDL" are therefore: the State Stamp Probe, RS-232 cable, and DDL software (8560-resident software, written in "C").
System/device configuration limitations for DDL include the following:
Initially, ONLY the 91A08 and 91A32 DAS acquisition cards (cards currently marketed) will be supported. The 91A04 card currently under development acquires four bits of data only and is therefore not compatible with the 8-bit State Stamp Probe. The feasibility of supporting other DAS cards will be investigated as those new cards approach PSR.
Time-correlation operations will not be supported if DAS is operated in ARMS or AND mode.
DDL will typically be used in the debugging of single or multi-processor prototypes in which one processor is to be emulated and other non-synchronous activity on the prototype is to be monitored. The "other non-synchronous activity" could be occurring at another processor on the board or at any point of interest.
To use DDL, the user connects and configures the emulator as desired, connects the DAS probe lines to the points of interest, sets up the TTA and DAS subject to the restrictions imposed by DDL and then enters the "dstart" command on the 8560 terminal. When a breakpoint event is detected by the TTA, the emulator is halted and the TTA sends a trigger signal to the DAS which stops DAS acquisitions. The user then enters the "duplod" command to upload DAS and TTA data to the 8560. After the uploading process is finished, the user enters the "ddisp" command. This causes time-correlated DAS and TTA data to be shown on the 8560 terminal.
As shown in the sample DAS/TTA display in FIG. 2, DAS acquisition data will be interspersed with TTA data in such a way that the DAS and TTA data will be presented in chronological order. For example, in the sample display, TTA acquisition 1 was followed in time by DAS acquisition 8 (this number, 8, is referred to as a "DAS Sequence Number"). DAS acquisition events on the terminal labeled with a given sequence number correspond to those labeled with the same sequence number on the DAS screen. After identifying an item of interest on the terminal and noting the item's sequence number, the user can therefore move the DAS cursor to the corresponding point of interest on the DAS display. The scrolling of the cursor can be performed either via the DAS keyboard or the 8560 terminal (using the "tcur", "scur" or "scroll" commands).
Since the DAS acquisition files are uploaded to the 8560, the acquisition files may be processed by UNIX tools (eg: grep), TEK-supplied tools (eg: showacq command) or, if the user's 8560 has the "Native Programming Language" software package, by user-developed tools.
DDL will perform the functions and have the characteristics specified in this section. These requirements are divided into two categories: DDL hardware and DDL software.
The primary items of hardware required for DDL are the State Stamp Probe and RS-232 cable.
The State Stamp Probe is a device which interconnects the TTA and the DAS, and is very similar in appearance to a typical P6452 DAS probe. At one end of the probe are three BNC connectors. One BNC is connected to the "Trigger 4" output of the TTA Acquisition panel. Another is connected to "Qualifier In" on the Acquisition Panel, and the third is connected to an "appropriate" Trigger Output on the panel. The "appropriate" connector is the one whose corresponding Event Recognizer on the TTA has been programmed by the user to output a trigger pulse when a breakpoint event occurs on the TTA
The other end of the probe connects to the DAS in the same manner as a standard acquisition probe and may be connected to either a 91A32 or 91A08 card whose inputs are located on the back of the DAS.
The probe provides 8 bits of information to the DAS, seven bits of which contain the output of a grey code counter housed within the probe. The count is incremented by a pulse emitted by the TTA each time the TTA performs a data acquisition. The counter data is read by the DAS each time the DAS acquires data and is later used by the DDL software in the 8560 to perform time correlation of the 8540 and DAS data.
The remaining bit, bit 7, is used to trigger the DAS. Triggering is accomplished via the BNC which is connected to the "appropriate" trigger output as noted above. When a breakpoint event occurs on the TTA, if the TTA events are properly programmed, a pulse is emitted from that "appropriate" trigger output. This pulse is stretched to about 1 second in length by the probe and is then forwarded to the DAS. If configured correctly by the user (ie: set to trigger on a 1XXXXXXX read from the State Stamp Probe), the DAS will trigger when a "1" is read on bit 7 (MSB).
Hardware in the probe will permit probes to be cascaded, that is connected in parallel in such a way as to increase the range of the grey code count in increments of 128 (7 bits). It is not anticipated that the cascading feature will be utilized in the near future; however, since the feature was added at little cost, presents minimal risk and could be useful in the future, it was included in the probe. Currently, DDL software will not support the cascaded probe configuration.
The other primary item of hardware in the DDL product package is an RS-232 cable. This cable connects any properly-configured 8560 IOP port to the DAS RS-232 port and provides the electrical path over which DAS acquisition data, DAS setup packets and DAS keystroke/control commands are exchanged between the DAS and 8560.
The DDL project is a software-intensive undertaking and consequently, most of the system requirements are software related. This section outlines those software requirements.
As was described previously, DDL is a system which merges a logic analyzer/pattern generation unit (the DAS) with a microcomputer development system (the 8560/8540). Three individual mainframes make up the typical DDL system configuration: the 8560, DAS and finaly the 8540 which houses the emulator and TTA. DDL software resides in the 8560, the "central" unit in the configuration which communicates with both the DAS and 8540.
DDL software is written in the language "C". Although the bulk of the software is newly-developed, certain subroutines were taken from previous DAS/8560 communications package developed by the LA Business Unit as part of an Applications Note.
The software functions fall into five categories: DAS/8560 Communication, DDL system control (start/stop/upload, etc.), time-correlation/display, miscellaneous tools and guide/menu software. These categories are described in the paragraphs which follow.
DDL software will provide a means for the exchange of data and commands between the DAS and 8560. Examples of communication between the two units are:
Transfer of acquisition data from DAS to 8560
Transfer of DAS setup packets from DAS to 8560 or vice versa
Transfer of DAS card configuration information from DAS to 8560
Transfer of keystroke commands from 8560 to DAS
Transfer of arbitrary ASCII strings from 8560 to DAS
Descriptions of the user commands which initiate these functions are given below.
This command will transfer a DAS setup packet such as ALL, PATGEN, REFMEM, ACQSETUP, or MNEMONICS from the DAS to an 8560 file.
Command syntax:
getpac {packet type}{8560 filename}
packet type=all, patgen, refmen, acqsetup or mnemonics
8560 file=File on the 8560 to receive the packet
getpack all my all
Reads the current DAS all packet and places it in file "my all"
This command will transfer a DAS setup packet from an 8560 file to the DAS.
Command syntax:
putpac {packet type}{8560 file}
packet type=all, patgen, refmem, acqsetup or mnemonics
8560 file=File on the 8560 disk containing the packet
putpac all my all
Transfers the current DAS all packet from 8560 file "my all" to the DAS.
The "getacq" command reads one of the four acquisition memories from a DAS 91A32 card or reads acquisition or "glitch" memory from a DAS 91A08 card and places the data in an 8560 file.
If no file name is specified a default file name of the form "DASaq (card type) (slot) (pod)" is assigned. For instance, the default name for a file containing acquisition data for pod B of a 91A32 card plugged into slot 5 would be "DASaq 32 5B".
Command syntax
getacq {slot}{pod}[filename]
______________________________________Examples:______________________________________for 91A32 cardsgetacq 2 poda (read acq memory from pod A of card in slot 2 and place in file having default name DASaq. 32.2A)getacq 2 podc (read acq memory from pod C of card inmy file slot 2 and place in file "my file")for 91A08 cardsgetacq 3 glitch (read glitch memory from the 91A08 card in slot 3; place data in file DASaq 08 3GLITgetacq 3 reg (read regular acquisition memory from 91A08 card in slot 3, place data in DASaq 08.3R______________________________________
"showcon" displays on the 8560 terminal the current DAS card configuration.
Command syntax:
The senddas command permits a user to send an arbitrary ASCII command string to the DAS. Permissible command strings are given in the GPIB section of the DAS 9100 Series Operators Manual.
senddas "string"
senddas "TRIGGER; HOME"
This sends the TRIGGER command followed by the HOME command to the DAS.
When the user invokes the scroll command, the DAS calls up the Timing Diagram display (if not already displayed) and moves the cursor a specified number of positions.
Depending on the magnification (resolution) setting on the DAS, each "position shift" specified by the user may be a shift of more than one sequence number. For example, each position shift of the cursor when the DAS magnification setting is 1 will move the cursor approximately 5 numbers higher in sequence number. If the magnification setting is higher, for example 10, a shift of 1 will result in a cursor shift one higher in sequence number.
The number of shifts specified must be in the range -99 through +99.
______________________________________syntax: scroll [+] {number of shifts} {-}______________________________________
scroll 5 (Shifts cursor to right 5 times)
scroll -3 (Shifts cursor to the left 3 times)
The "tcur" command causes the DAS to display its timing diagram with the cursor placed at a specified sequence number.
Legal sequence number are 0 through 511.
tcur {sequence number}
tcur 443
The "scur" command causes the DAS to display its state table display with the cursor placed at a specified sequence number.
Legal sequence numbers are 0 through 511.
scur {sequence number}
scur 443
System control functions for DDL are performed primarily by the "dstart" and "duplod" commands described below.
The "dstart" command creates certain control files, starts DAS acquisition operations and then starts the emulator. The starting address for emulator execution may be specified as a command parameter. If no starting address is given, execution starts from where it left off (PC next).
dstart [address]
dstart 100: (Start the DDL system Emulator start at address 100)
dstart: (Start DDL; emulator starts at PC next)
Other special forms of the "dstart" command will also be available. Those forms are:
dstart -a [address]
dstart -p [address]
Normally, just the "dstart" command without modifiers would be used. The command without modifiers executes a START SYS on the DAS meaning that both DAS acquisition and DAS pattern generation operations are initiated. The "-a" option starts DDL operations but only initiates DAS acquisition operations (pattern generation is not started). The "-p" option starts the DAS pattern generator but does not start DAS acquisition operations. A consequence of using the "-p" option is that no time-correalation of DAS and TTA data is possible since the DAS does not acquire data in that mode of operation.
After the DDL system is started and subsequently halts due to the occurrence of the triggering event, the DAS data is uploaded to the 8560 via the "duplod" command. To be more specific, "duplod" creates certain files used by the time correlation algorithm, and uploads the DAS acquisition information to 8560 files. (TTA data is uploaded as part of the "ddisp" command function to be described later).
The files created during this process are placed in the current directory and are assigned the following names:
DASconfig--File containing the DAS card configuration information
TTAtrig--File containing TTA state information at the completion of data acquisition operations.
DASaq. (type). (slot) (pod)--File containing DAS acquisition memory data for card of the indicated type in the indicated slot/pod
For example: DASaq. 32.2A contains acquisition data for pod A of the 91A32 card plugged into slot 2.
The time required to upload this information is approximately 10 to 20 seconds depending on the number of acquisition cards plugged into the DAS. During upload operations, indications are given on the terminal as to what phases of the uploading operation have been completed. For example:
Verifying DAS has stopped . . .
Uploading current DAS card configuration . . .
Uploading slot 2, pod A acquisition data . . .
Uploading slot 2, pod B acquisition data . . .
Uploading slot 2, pod C acquisition data . . .
Uploading slot 2, pod D acquisition data . . . .
DDL software, resident in the 8560, will time-correlate the DAS and TTA data and display the data on the 8560 terminal. Details of the time correlation and display functions are given in this section.
As was previously mentioned, a major function of the TTA in DDL operations is that it monitors the emulator for a breakpoint state. (The TTA must be configured by the user to do this). If that state is detected, the TTA outputs a trigger pulse to the State Stamp Probe. The probe lengthens the pulse and sends it on to the DAS which, if configured properly, also triggers. That lengthened pulse is also sent back to the TTA and recorded in a segment of its acquisition memory. In order to describe the time correlation method, it is necessary to give an overview of what that acquisition memory segment contains and how it is used.
The TTA acquisition memory containing (an indication of) the stretched trigger pulse is a 256-byte block which may be read as system memory locations EBOO-EBFF. Each memory location corresponds to one of the 256 acquisitions which may be stored by the TTA. As each TTA acquisition is prformed, one of the bytes in this control memory is loaded with an ID bit (bit O, the LSB) and a bit (bit 2) which reflects the state of the stretched pulse returned from the State Stamp Probe. When the end of this block of memory space is reached, access loops back around to the top of the block. Access by the user to this memory is only permitted after writing a 02 to control port 70 (ie: WRT *70 2); access is disabled by doing a WRT *70 0.
The purpose of the ID bit mentioned above is to indicate whether the corresponding item of TTA acquisition data is "new" data or "old" data. Since it is possible for the TTA to do fewer than 256 acquisition cycles during a given operation, the ID bit is used to tell where the old data (if any) stops and where the new data begins. For example, after the TTA starts, as TTA data is acquired, the ID bits will be loaded with an ID of 0 or 1; say 1 in this case. If data acquisition operations stop (a breakpoint occurs, etc.) and the user starts data acquisition operations again the ID written into each of the data base locations as acquisition operations proceed will be 0. Thus, by looking where the ID bit makes a transition in state, the boundary between old and new data may be found. DDL time-correlation software makes use of this bit.
After DDL operations cease and TTA and DAS data is uploaded to the 8560, DDL software in the 8560 will perform the time correlation and display functions. To accomplish the time correlation function, DDL software first identifies the acquisition events in the DAS and TTA data which occurred at the time of the trigger. The TTA trigger event may be determined by looking for the stretched trigger pulse in the special segment of TTA acquisition memory; the DAS trigger event is indicated in the DAS acquisition file header. Using these two trigger events as the starting point and working backwards, the DAS and TTA data is read.
Since the DAS data base contains the grey code count (which is incremented upon each TTA acquisition) one can work backwards from the trigger point in the DAS data and look for a transition in the grey code count. When this transition is detected, it may be inferred that this DAS data and all previous data until the next transition are associated with the trigger TTA event minus one. Similarly, still working backward in the DAS data, the next grey code transition is searched for. When the transition is found, the associated DAS data at that acquisition event and all previous data until the next grey code transition can be associated with the trigger TTA event minus 2. The process is repeated until the start of the DAS or TTA data files is reached. DAS (TTA) acquisitions remaining after all TTA (DAS) acquisitions have been read are considered to be "un-correlated" data.
It should be noted that in order to find the trigger event in TTA acquisition memory, DDL software makes use of a pointer found at system I/O port 75 (ie: a RD *75 is done). Port 75 contains a pointer into the TTA data base indicating the location of the last acquisition performed by the TTA. (The last acquisition could be a number of cycles after the trigger event.) Once this acquisition is identified, software looks backwards in the data for the stretched trigger pulse as indicated by a change in state of bit 2 as described above.
Two of the DDL user commands which have the greatest control over the output of time-correlated data on the 8560 terminal are the "ddisp" and "dformat" commands.
Time-correlation and (2-3 seconds later) the display of the time-correlated data will occur when the user enters the "ddisp" (DDL display) command on the 8560 terminal. The display, a sample of which is shown in FIG. 4, will consist of DAS data interspersed between lines of TTA data. DAS and TTA events will be displayed in the order in which they occurred in time.
ddisp [-t][-d][-f first][-1 last][-u]
first=first TTA acquisition to be shown. Displays will start with this TTA acquisition event. Permissible values: 1-256. Default=1
last=last TTA acquisition to be shown. Displays will end with this TTA acquisition event. Permissible values: 1-256. Default=256
-u=show uncorrelated data. Normally only the sections of DAS and TTA data which overlap in time are shown. This modifier causes uncorrelated data to be shown also.
-d=show DAS data only. Don't interleave TTA data
-t=show TTA data only. Don't interleave DAS data
At user option, all items shown in FIG. 4 need not be displayed and/or need not be displayed in the formats illustrated. Items to be displayed will be user-selectable via the "dformat" command to be described in a subsequent section of this SFRS.
The primary features of the display will be:
An acquisition number which is simply a number associated with each sampling event of the TTA
The TTA information itself which has the exact format of the TTA data displayed via the "disp" command
Lines of DAS acquisition data which correspond to the data uploaded from DAS to 8560
A sequence number (assigned by the DAS) which is associated with each acquisition of the DAS.
Display of the above-mentioned sequence number makes it possible for the user viewing the DDL data on the terminal to scroll the DAS display to the point corresponding to a particular line on the 8560 terminal. This is made possible by the fact that the DAS displays a cursor whose position is specified in terms of the DAS sequence number.
It should be noted that although a good deal of time-correlated data will be displayed on a single screen (8560 terminal), if a user wishes to take advantage of the full DAS display capabilities (timing diagrams, etc.) he/she will have to view the DAS display. As mentioned above, the sequence number on the 8560 terminal makes it possible for the user to scroll the DAS display to the point of interest. Scrolling may be done via the DAS keyboard or via the "tcur", "scur", or "scroll" commands.
When the "ddisp" command is entered, DDL software will check to see if TTA data from the last DDL operation had been previously uploaded (by a prior "ddisp"). If the data had NOT been uploaded a "disp" command transparent to the user will be done. This "disp" (not to be confused with "ddisp") command will cause the TTA data to be uploaded to 8560 file "TTAdata". At the same time, this data will be input to the "ddisp" command so that time correlation and display may be performed as the data is read. If the "ddisp" command finds that file TTAdata already exists (ie. a prior "ddisp" command had been performed), the command will merely read the data already existing in the file thereby making another TTA data upload unnecessary. Note that execution of a "start" command automatically removes the TTAdata file.
As mentioned above, all of the items described need not always be displayed nor do they have to be displayed in the format shown in the above sample. By using the "dformat" command, the user can specify display formats and options for all displays of DAS/TTA information. Those options will be used for all subsequent DAS/TTA displays until overridden via a subsequent "dformat" command.
The syntax of the dformat command is shown below. Note that the "verbose" option, to be described in subsequent paragraphs, will also be available to provide a simpler interface to an unsophisticated user.
______________________________________dformat [-h yes ] [-p (slot)(pod)] [-t [mbpa]]no[all][-d [a-l][m][hgoba](slot)(pod)(slot)(pod) . . . ]modifier descriptions:-h Header display switch. Yes means display the default header, no means do not display the header. The header is the column identifier for the display, (eg. the line: "ACQ . . ADDR . . DATA . . MNEMONIC . . etc.) Default: -h yes-p Specifies the pod/slot into which the State Stamp Probe is plugged. Default: -p 2a-t Items to be shown on the TTA lines. all = show all TTA info possible m = show mnemonics field if applicable b = show "BUS" field p = show "PROBE" field Default: all Note: address and data fields are ALWAYS shown. The MNEMONICS, BUS and PROBE fields are the optional items.-d Items to be shown in DAS line and their format. [a-l] Different pods may be grouped together for display. Groups may be named "a" thru "l" [m]Substitute mnemonic if appropriate [hgoba] Display format to be used for this group: h = hex, g = grey code decoded to decimal ??? o = octal, b = binary. a = ASCII (slot)(pod)(slot)(pod) . . The slot/pods to be in this group Default: no mnemonics, hex, 1 slot/pod per group assigned automatically per DAS card configurationExamples:dformat -h no (Turn off header display)dformat -p 3C (State Stamp Probe is connected to slot 3, pod C)dformat -t b (Limit TTA line to address, data and bus fields, no PROBE or MNEMONIC fields)dformat -d amh2a2b bo2dInterpretation:DAS line should be grouped as follows-group A show mnemonics, show in hex,include pods 2a and 2bgroup B no mnemonics, show in octal,include pod 2ddformat -h yes -p 4c -t all -d amh2a2b2c bmo2d ca3aInterpretation:Header shoud be displayedState Stamp Probe is plugged into slot 4CDisplay all fields of TTA informationFor DAS data:Group A has 3 slot/pods in it, 2A,2B,2C.The data will be shown in hex, exceptif a mnemonic match is found, themnemonic will be substituted for thehex data.Group B has 1 slot/pod in it, 2D.Data will be shown in octal exceptif a mnemonic match is found, themnemonic will be substituted for theoctal data.Group C has 1 slot/pod in it, 3A.Data will be shown in ASCII format;no mnemonic substitution will be done.______________________________________
The resulting display is shown in FIG. 4.
To simplify the user interface to the "dformat" command, a "verbose" option may be used. This option will be invoked for an individual parameter in the command line if that parameter is immediately followed by a "v" and will cause the system to prompt the user for the desired format specifications. An example is given below. (User entries are shown surrounded by brackets <>).
______________________________________<dformat -hv -pv -tv -dv> (user wants verbose option for all parameters)header (y/n)? <y> (System asks if the header should be shown. User replies yes)slot/pod receiving state stamp probe data (eg: 2a)? <3c>(user has probe connected to slot 3 pod c)items in TTA line:include all items (y/n)? <n> (user wants to specify items separately)mnemonics field (y/n)? <n> (no TTA mnemonics)bus field (y/n)? <y> (include bus field)probe field (y/n)? <y> (include 7-bit probe field)number of display groups? <3> (user wants 3 display groups)group a:mnemonics (y/n)? <y> (user wants mnemonics)format (hex,oct,bine,asc)? <hex> (user wants hex output)specify slot/pods in group (eg: 2a,2b,3c): <2a,2b,2c>(user specifies pods in group)group b:mnemonics (y/n)? <y> (user wants mnemonics)format (hex,oct,bin,asc)? <oct> (user wants octal output)specify slot/pods in group (eg: 2a,2b,3c): <2d>(user specifies pods in group)group c:mnemonics (y/n)? <n> (user doesn't want mnemonic)format (hex,oct,bin,asc)? <asc> (user wants ascii output)specify slot/pods in group (eg: 2a,2b,3c): <3a>(user specifies pods in group)______________________________________
Certain tools not previously described will be included in the DDL software package. These are discussed below.
Once the DAS acquisition files are read from the DAS and placed in 8560 files (via the "duplod" or "getacq" commands), in addition to being displayed via the "ddisp" command, those files may be processed as the user sees fit. Processing may be performed via three types of tools:
UNIX tools such as grep
User-created tools. Assuming this is done in "C", the 8550 "Native Programming Language" package must be available to the user.
TEK-supplied software tools in the DDL product package
The numerous UNIX tools available are well-documented and will not be discussed here. User-created tools are limited only by the user's imagination. The third category, TEK-supplied tools currently includes one command, "showacq", described below
This command reads a file containing DAS acquisition data and displays the data on the terminal. Since each DAS acquisition memory, and therefore each DAS acquisition file in the 8560, contains 512 events of 8-bit data acquisitions, displays will be byte-oriented. For flexibility, dash modifiers will permit the user to view the data in hex, octal or ASCII.
showacq [-hoa]{file name}
--h--Display acquisition data in hex
-o--Display acquisition data in octal
-a--Display acquisition data in ASCII
DDL display software will have the capability of substituting mnemonics and/or disassembled processor instructions for hex/octal/binary DAS data. The resulting display formats and the method for creating the symbol table are discussed below.
The display format viewed on the DAS will depend on which optional features, if any, are included with the user's DAS. One factor which will influence the format of the 8560 DDL display is the presence of absence of the PM & PMA (7D02 Personality Module and Personality Module Adaptor). If the FM and PMA are NOT used. 8560 mnemonic display capability will be limited to simple substitution of an ASCII string for a particular hex state.
If the PM & PMA are present, however, it will be possible for the 8560 display to show disassembled instructions corresponding to data acquired by the DAS.
Disassembly is made possible in part by the PM which monitors address, data and control lines of the target processor, derives control signals (ie: fetch) and sends the data, address and derived control signal data to the DAS. After this data is uploaded to the 8560, disassembly algorithms in the 8560, in conjunction with a predefined symbol table, examine the DAS data and output the appropriate disassembly information to the 8560 screen.
The predefined symbol table will be a processor-unique table supplied to the user via floppy disk.
It should be noted that data acquired via the PM/PMA combination is time skewed by one or more DAS acquisition cycles relative to data NOT acquired via the PM/PMA. This means that target processor data in the nth position of DAS acquisition memory was not acquired at the same time as other data, notably the State Stamp data, in the nth position of DAS acquisition memory. The problem is compounded by the fact that if data qualification is performed on the data acquired via the PM/PMA, the time skew is variable. The consequence of this is that time correlation of DAS data and TTA data can not be done.
One system operating restriction which would eliminate this is requiring that the user NOT qualify data read via the PM/PMA if he/she wants to see time-correlated displays on the 8560 terminal. Such a restriction would assure that PM/PMA data and State Stamp data will be offset by one acquisition cycle. This known offset could be compensated for in DDL time-correlaton software.
Another solution to the problem which involves no operating restrictions is to route both the target processor data AND the time stamp data through the PMA. Such an approach would eliminate the time skew, permit data qualification to be used, and eliminate the need for DDL software to remove the time skew during PM/PMA operations.
It should be pointed out that the incorporation of the simple mnemonic substitution feature into DDL is a low-risk task. However, due to current uncertainties regarding the operation of the PM/PMA, the commitment to offering displays of disassembled processor instructions represents greater risk. The exact capabilities of DDL with regard to instruction disassembly are still to be determined.
Ideally, it would be nice to permit the user to enter mnemonics on either the DAS or 8560, exchange the mnemonics table between DAS and 8560 and view mnemonic displays on either the DAS or 8560 terminal. These capabilities will be investigated for possible incorporation into future phases of DDL. For phase 1, however, a subset of these functions will be implemented, namely the user will be permitted to enter mnemonics into the 8560 via the 8560 terminal and view the resulting mnemonic displays on the 8560 terminal only. (Of course, mnemonics could be seen on the DAS also if the user separately enters the mnemonics into the DAS via the DAS keyboard).
In Phase 1, mnemonics entered on the 8560 will not be transferable to the DAS nor will the 8560 be capable of uploading DAS mnemonics and using them in 8560 displays. (It will, of course, be possible to transfer DAS-created mnemonics packages between the DAS and 8560 disk for storage/retrieval). The point is that the 8560, in Phase 1, will not be able to extract and use information from DAS mnemonics packets nor will the DAS be able to generate displays using the mnemonics entered into the 8560.
To enter mnemonics into the 8560, the user will utilize the "mtable" command described below
Creation of the mnemonics table will be performed by the "mtable" command which reads mnemonics from the standard input and builds and loads the table. A typical scenario for creating a mnemonics table would therefore be either:
______________________________________method 1 (a) Create mnemonics file via any available editor. (b) type "mtable <editor --output --file"ormethod 2 (a) type "mtable" (b) type in mnemonics and associated values (format specified below) (c) terminate with a CNTL D______________________________________
The format of user-entered mnemonic data will be specified in a subsequent version of this document.
Access to DDL software will be provided via two different user interfaces:
shell commands
Previous sections of this document presented DDL functions and how they might be entered via the shell. This section will discuss how many of these functions will be implemented via a menu-oriented interface called "guide".
One menu-oriented interface which permits a new or infrequent 8560 user to perform 8560 functions with minimal effort is "guide". When called by typing the command, "guide" this feature will present to the user a list of different categories of functions which may be performed by the 8560 system. Numbers are presented next to each category. The user then select a category by typing in the number associated with that desired category.
Once an item is selected, the 8560 prompts for any command parameters which may be required, executes the command and then re-displays the DDL Operations Menu. An example of a DDL operation via guide is given below.
Assume that the user wants to see the time-correlated DDL display and limit the display to TTA acquisitions 30-60. If the user were experienced he/she might enter the shell command directly which is:
ddisp -f 30 -1 60
When using "guide" the user would enter the "guide" command, resulting in the display of the Guide Top-Level Menu. The user would then select option 7 (DDL Operations Menu) on the Top Level Menu thereby causing the DDL Operations Menu to be shown. Option (4) Display DDL Data) would then be selected. This would cause the prompt:
Limit display to a range of lines? (y or n): <y>
to which the user would enter y as shown in brackets. Next, the prompts:
First TTA line to be displayed: <30>
Last TTA line to be displaye: <60>
To which the user responds 30 and 60 respectively as indicated in the brackets.
At this point, all prompting operations are completed and the equivalent "ddisp" instruction is issued to the system by guide.
As is the case for most guide operations, guide, when executing the command will show the user the command format which could be used for direct command entry to the shell. This command will appear on the screen preceded by a plus sign (+). In this case:
+ddisp -f 30 -1 60
This appendix describes the formats of various 8560 files created by DDL software.
When a DAS acquisition file is created on the 8560, it contains information from two separate 8560-DAS operations, a "TRIGPOS?" status interrogation and an "ACQMEM. .?" command. The file structure is as follows:
The DAS sequence number corresponding to the first byte of acquisition memory (derived from the DAS response to a "TRIGPOS"" command)
The DAS sequence number representing the DAS trigger event. This is also derived from "TRIGPOS?" except that the DAS sends an OFFSET value representing the offset from starting sequence number to trigger. This value is first converted to an absolute value corresponding to the trigger sequence number and is then placed in the DAS acquisition file.
See the DAS User Manual, GPIB section, for details.
Number of bytes of acquisition memory in the file
Bytes of acquisition data
The specific format is:
______________________________________Item DataNumber Type Contents______________________________________1 int DAS sequence number corresponding to first byte of acquisition data2 int DAS sequence number corresponding to trigger event3 int (=n) Number of bytes of acq memory to follow4 char First byte of acquisition memory5 char Second byte of aquisition memory. . .. . .(n + 3) char Last byte of acquisition memory______________________________________
The file "DASconfig" contains information regarding the card configuration of the DAS, that is, describes which cards are plugged into which DAS slots.
The file structure is as follows:
______________________________________Item DataNumber Type Contents______________________________________ 1 int The value, 1 2 int Card ID in slot 1 3 int The value, 2 4 int Card ID in slot 2 5 int The value, 3 6 int Card ID in slot 3 7 int The value, 4 8 int Card ID in slot 4 9 int The value, 510 int Card ID in slot 511 int The value, 612 int Card ID in slot 613 int The value, 714 int Card ID in slot 715 int The value, 816 int Card ID in slot 817 int The value, 918 int Card ID in slot 9______________________________________
File TTAdata will contain the redirected output from a TTA "disp" command. See the TTA User's Manual for the format of a "disp" display.
File TTAstart will contain the redirected output from a "RD *75" command executed immediately before the start of DDL acquisition operations. This file will therefore contain a pointer value which indicates the location in TTA acquisition memory where the first TTA acquisition will be placed.
This value is used by the time-correlation algorithm.
File TTAtrig will contain the redirected output from a "rd *75" command executed during an "duplod" operation (ie: after acquisition operations cease). This file will therefore contain a pointer value which indicates the location in TTA acquisition memory where the last TTA acquisition was placed.
This value is used by the time-correlation algorithm.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention and all such modifications as could be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
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Owner name: TEKTRONIX, INC., 4900 S.W. GRIFFITH DRIVE, PO BOX
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:MIHALIK, MICHAEL A.;HOEREN, GERD H.;REINEY, MICHAEL G.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004478/0184
Effective date: 19821115
|Oct 3, 1989
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 4, 1990
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 15, 1990
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19900304


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Chong Qing Hotel
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Wandering around the city
... I ran away from him and checked it myself.
Then, when I got to the end of the line, they saw my camera and told me I had to check it too. So, I went all the way back and checked it along with my water bottle. The coat check lady said that she had to take my papers and maps as well. Why? Who knows.
Dave decided to go to the National Museum instead. He was supposed to meet his friend Angelica there soon. Fine. ...
3 whirlwind days in north (bei) capital (jing)
... as I had assumed. We jumped in rickshaws to explore the traditional neighbourhoods, called Hutongs that are common in northern China. Hutongs consist of low rise homes built around a common well. The well goes in first and then however many generations can be supported by that well will live there. The houses of adjoining families are built side by side and create a neighbourhood of gated courtyards with narrow alleyways ...
Forbidden City
We awoke around 7am due to the jet lag and decided to explore the neighborhood & the morning bustle.Our hotel is down the street from a local school. We watched parents deliver their highly bundled children via scooter. All of the little kids wore funny yellow hats with "safe" written on the back. After having fresh donuts, dumplings, fruit, coffee and eggs at our hotel, we set out for the Forbidden City. We took the audio self guided tour and explored ...
A week in smoggy Beijing
Day One
We arrived at Beijing station at 2pm and were greeted by blue skies and warm sunshine. Accompanied by Dru our vodkatrain buddy we set out in search of the hotel. After our first experience on the hot, stuffy metro we quickly realised the scale of our recently purchased map was deceiving. After a good 40 minute hike through many bustling streets Dru managed to locate the hotel - a welcome sight. We arrived at our twin room which contained ...
I climbed the Great Wall!
... are at a really nice Chinese restaurant and then headed to a kong fu show. It was so good. Literally the strength of those guys I swear isn't even human! Really interesting to see. Got a 7am start which will seem like a lie in compared to today! Had a really good day, Beijing is another great city!
I would also like to add I used my first non-western toilet today! I bottled it at the Great Wall and found another loo but at the theatre there was simply no option!

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Motel 6 Omaha
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text:
It was great to see pictures of Christopher Reeve in the Millennium Dome at the weekend. I went myself at the start of the month. The kids loved it, access was brilliant; it was well thought-out.
But suppose that Reeve had wanted to go to watch Arsenal and take his family with him - and suppose he didn't let slip that he was Superman when he tried to arrange it.
The fact is that he'd be told on the phone to apply in writing two months in advance, and, if he was lucky, would get one of the 36 allocated tickets. However he wouldn't be able to take his whole family, because only one carer per wheelchair-user is permitted.
Of course, these sort of rules don't apply to those few wheelchair-users with high profiles. And that's the problem: people like Reeve don't see all the problems.
He could use his profile to do something genuinely useful. He could go to a theatre and be slung out because of fire regulations. He could go to Waterloo station and discover how many taxi drivers suddenly become visually impaired because setting up the ramps for a wheelchair-user is too much effort. He could work out how much benefit he would get if he were living in England - the vast majority of spinal cord injured people are unemployed. Now that might be interesting.
But instead, from my point of view, Reeve has swapped film stardom for a new role as victim and super-cripple. Nothing he has done has helped disabled people who want a better quality of life now - and not in five years' time.
Of course Reeve is a fellow human being who has suffered a terrible injury, and one way that some people come to grips with something like this is to focus on hopes for a cure, however unrealistic.
But the high profile that Reeve enjoys means that his words take on power. He doesn't mean to do it, but his promises of a cure imply that it is we wheelchair-users, and not society, that have to change.
Secondly, pinning your hopes on a cure is no way to live your life. I'm sure lots of people live, like Reeve, in hope of a cure. To someone three months after an injury - which is a catastrophic and life-changing thing - I'm not saying, forget about a cure. I am saying that if you lie in bed and wait for a cure, you are not going to have a good quality of life. If you can get on with your life and the cure comes, great. But if it doesn't come, it's not life-ending.
When I woke up after my accident in 1978, I thought, "This is awful." I got hooked on valium, watched Neighbours and felt sorry for myself. I spent more than a year in hospital and decided that I had three options: to blow my brains out; to spend the rest of my life feeling sorry for myself and destroy the people around me in the process; or to do something about it.
So I did something about it. I was an unskilled manual worker, but I chose to do an Open University degree and started working at my local Citizen's Advice Bureau, which is where I became interested in social policy and poverty.
It's easy to dwell on how awful it all is, but the fact is that you have to get your head round it and get on with life.
Personally, I'm not interested in the Reeve foundation or the research that's going on. It's irrelevant to me, and it draws the focus away from the real issues of quality of life: employment, transport, housing. It may be the hot and sexy thing to give money to a brave individual to find the cure to make him walk again. But it doesn't help the vast majority of those with spinal cord injuries.
Finally, it's naughty and it's dangerous of Reeve to speak of us finding a cure in five years. It does no good to anyone to put a deadline on these things: it raises false hopes. Imagine that you've just suffered a spinal injury. You might actually believe it.
Peter Mansell is to take over as chief executive of RADAR (the Royal Association for Disability and Rehabilitation) next month.
Thanks to guardian.co.uk who have provided this article. View the original here.


text:
View: Tree | Flat
I just noticed her posting....
Posted 5/6/2012 at 4:00:00 PM
Current Thread
Guys, anyone going to see Angel divine in Cleve trip?
whitefrank39 | 5/3/2012 10:11:39 AM (6586 reads)
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USA: Wrigley announces management changes
US chewing gum maker Wm Wrigley Jr has said president and chief executive Bill Wrigley Jr is to take on the additional role of chairman.
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More Videos...
Like a Rock
Yes I am a big Chevy Boy and I own a Chevy and I will always love Chevy. Tribute to Chevy Trucks over the years.
2016 Toyota Tacoma vs. 2016 Chevy Colorado
The midsize pickup segment is heating up, and the Toyota Tacoma and Chevrolet Colorado are at the forefront of this resurgence. We pitted the two against each other to determine which model better suits your needs. *Our comparison tests are different from most in that we keep the focus on comparison, not competition. We don't pick winners and losers because the right choice for one buyer is the wrong choice for another. Our goal here is not to tell you which small car to buy, but to make it easier for you to decide which is best for you. For the latest Toyota Tacoma Double Cab pricing and information: http://www.kbb.com/toyota/tacoma-double-cab/2016/ For the latest Chevrolet Colorado Crew Cab pricing and information: http://www.kbb.com/chevrolet/colorado-crew-cab/2016/ Kelley Blue Book is your source for new car reviews, auto show coverage, features, and comparison tests. Subscribe to catch all the latest Kelley Blue Book videos. http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=kbb
Chevy Colorado - Extreme Hagglunds Ice Breaker
Go Extreme Ice Breaking with Bill Feeley in his custom built Chevy Colorado Extreme Hagglunds Amphibious All Terrain Vehicle.
Tuned 08 chevy colorado 3.7L acceleration vid (shift points set too high)
just wait till the 4.10's go in and the temps and humidity drop.... 13's in the 1/4 mile easily! Still need to datalog the wideband.


text:
PSD Shop Mockup URGENT - repost
This project received 9 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $92 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$50 - $80 USD
Total Bids9
Project Description
Welcome Freelancers,
We require a PSD for a "Oxid"-based shop - within 10 -12 hours.
The PSD work includes layout and following PSDs - Mainpage, Category page, item page, text page.
The category page, item page, text page are due later.
Budget is 50$. In case the work taking more effort budget is to be extended to 80$.
We search for:
- super super reliable - when date project is due is agreed you deliver absolutely
- good eye for design - colors, IA
- english skills for clear communication
Please write "read" so I know you read this and send me your portfolio. When awarded the project starts immediately
and is to be executed till [url removed, login to view] Standard PST.
When done well more work PSD work will follow for the winner soon.
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3 Artsy Websites for Your Next Work Break
If your workday is anything like mine, you're reading nonstop—online news, email, text messages, memos, books—and sometimes the ol' eyes need a break, a burst of color. Enter these three image-based websites:
1. KoalasToTheMax.com: Feeling creative? Visit this site and a large colored circle will appear on your screen. Move your cursor over the circle and it divides into four smaller circles of different colors. Move your cursor over one of the smaller circles and it splits again. Before you know it, you've made your own mid-century pop art (or something like that).
2. WhereCoolThingsHappen.com: I love this aggregation of amazing art projects from around the world. My current favorites are Chinese Transport Skills and Colorful Strips With Vinyl Tape.
3.Ffffound.com: The variety of interesting images from cutting edge artists keeps me going back to this page. From gothic eagles to glamor shots of cool bikes, this site is a feast for the eyes—just what I need after scrolling through text for hours.
Thanks! You're on our list.
And your life's about to get more interesting.
Some people like to travel by train because it combines the slowness of a car with the cramped public exposure of an airplane.
Dennis Miller
I think my pilot was a little inexperienced. We were sitting on the runway, and he said, "OK, folks, we're gonna be taking off in a just few—whoa! Here we go."
Kevin Nealon
"I can't wait until your vacation is over." —Everyone following you on Instagram
A man knocked on my door and asked for a donation toward the local swimming pool. So I gave him a glass of water.
Comedian Greg Davies
Just found the worst page in the entire dictionary. What I saw was disgraceful, disgusting, dishonest, and disingenuous.
Client: We need you to log in to the YouTube and make all our company videos viral.
From clientsfromhell.net
My cat just walked up to the paper shredder and said, "Teach me everything you know."
"Just because you can't dance doesn't mean you shouldn't dance." —Alcohol
@yoyoha (Josh Hara)
My parents didn't want to move to Florida, but they turned 60 and that's the law.
—Jerry Seinfeld
Q: What do you call an Amish guy with his hand in a horse's mouth?
A: A mechanic.


text:
The "testament of MI5 agent Alex Gordon" was certainly not "damning evidence" of Wheeldon's guilt. "Alex Gordon" (real name: William Rickard) was a mentally unstable journalist with a criminal record who was employed by PMS2 as an agent provocateur. His deranged imagination produced the allegation that Wheeldon and her family planned to shoot Lloyd George with a poisoned air-gun pellet while he was playing golf.
Although Rickard's evidence was central to the Wheeldon trial he never appeared in court to face cross-examination. PMS2 later packed him off to South Africa to get him out of the way and he eventually committed himself to a mental asylum.
Borden, Kent
- More about:
- Agent Provocateur
- Golf
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text: VW Bulli Concept: The Neo Hippie Van's one hot boxMatt Hardigree3/01/11 12:30pmFiled to: Concept CarsVW Bulli Conceptvw bulliVW MicrobusVolkswagen BulliVolkswagenVwbulliMicrobustype 2geneva motor show2011 geneva motor show99EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Volkswagen successfully transitioned from a car for '70s hippies to an entry-level status car for '90s yuppies. With the re-imagined VW Bulli Concept the company's making a stab at both markets. Hipyups? Yuphips? Designed as yet another evolution of the Microbus/Type 2 concept — including the retro two-tone paint — it's hard to determine exactly where on the yuppie-hippie continuum this vehicle falls. Advertisement Advertisement In defense of the the hippie position, the vehicle offers a unique 3+3 seating, which means all your butts will be pressed together in a way narrow-waisted prep school waifs would find unappealing. There's also power from a 40 kWh electric-motor, good for a theoretical range of 186 miles. Free love and no emissions, man. Jerry Rubin would dig it.On the other, expensively moisturized hand is a yuppie car with a removable iPad in the center console. The seats also fold in such a way as to make the small van an ideal workspace. Yuppies love to work.The deciding factor will come sometime in the future if the van actually goes on sale. Under $25K it's something six hippies could probably band together and afford. Over $25K it's solidly in single yuppie territory. And over $50K it's purely for the Urban Haute Bourgeoise. Reply99 repliesLeave a reply


text: See gems / jewels Also, click to see other meanings of this dream.Jewels Symbolic of the true riches of heaven, 1 Cor. 3:12. Jewels can also symbolize things of earthly value, Prov. 8:10-11Jewels See Gem.A Silver or Gold Necklace Studded with Jewels Seeing the above in the dream means that a person will be made to guard some trust.At times jewels, if mined and their quantity is not known, mean fortunes from which a person will derive much benefit.


text:
track list
Album Sketches for the Next Season
Label Kompakt
Released October 24, 2003
This site contains content from artists, fans, and writers from around the internet in it's natural form. Such content is not representative of Viacom Media Networks.
©2017 Viacom International Inc. All Rights Reserved. MTV and all related titles and logos are trademarks of Viacom International Inc.


text:
Ecclesiastes 9New King James Version (NKJV)
9 For I considered all this in my heart, so that I could declare it all: that the righteous and the wise and their works are in the hand of God. People know neither love nor hatred by anything they see before them. 2 All things come alike to all:
One event happens to the righteous and the wicked;
3 This is an evil in all that is done under the sun: that one thing happens to all. Truly the hearts of the sons of men are full of evil; madness is in their hearts while they live, and after that they go to the dead. 4 But for him who is joined to all the living there is hope, for a living dog is better than a dead lion.
5 For the living know that they will die;
7 Go, eat your bread with joy,
9 Live joyfully with the wife whom you love all the days of your vain life which He has given you under the sun, all your days of vanity; for that is your portion in life, and in the labor which you perform under the sun.
10 Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with your might; for there is no work or device or knowledge or wisdom in the grave where you are going.
11 I returned and saw under the sun that—
The race is not to the swift,
Wisdom Superior to Folly
13 This wisdom I have also seen under the sun, and it seemed great to me: 14 There was a little city with few men in it; and a great king came against it, besieged it, and built great snares[b] around it. 15 Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city. Yet no one remembered that same poor man.
16 Then I said:
"Wisdom is better than strength.
New King James Version (NKJV)
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
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Chump Change (Paperback)
Usually Ships in 1-5 Days
A blackout brought on by a Mad Dog binge that ended with a self-inflicted steak knife wound bought Bruno Dante another stint in the nuthouse, no different from all the rest. Now it's done, and his wife, Agnes taking time off from her personal-trainer lover has come to pick Bruno up and to deliver a message from the West Coast: his screenwriter father is in the hospital in a coma and is not expected to live. So Bruno heads back to Los Angeles for a fraught family reunion, where the tension and stress force him to dull the pain the only way he knows how with alcohol. And when he wakes up naked in a stolen car with an underage hooker whose pimp has stolen his wallet, Bruno realizes the trip has just begun.
Praise For…
"Don't miss Chump Change. It is passionate, obscene, and quite wonderful."
-Los Angeles Times
"Not a word comes out that one would correct . . . it is sublime."
-Gérard Guégan


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What Happens in the New Birth? Part 1
Nov 25, 2007
In the new birth, God takes dead souls and resuscitates them to new life in Christ.
The Son of Man Must Be Lifted Up — Like the Serpent
Apr 5, 2009
What does Jesus mean by comparing himself to the bronze snake Moses raised in Numbers 21?
No One Born of God Makes a Practice of Sinning
Mar 9, 2008
Being born again doesn't mean being sinless. It means coming to Jesus as your advocate.
Explore Resources on This Topic
"What C.S. Lewis has done to waken me to the beauties of the world, Edwards has done to waken me to the beauties of God."
John Piper, from Have You Tasted God Himself?
Look at the Book
Born Again to a Living Hope
1 Peter 1:3–5, Part 1
Sep 15, 2015
According to the Bible, every believer in Jesus Christ is born a second time by the Spirit. In this lab, John Piper looks at this beautiful and spectacular mystery, asking what it means and how it happens. He also draws out the implications of serious study of the Bible for our worship.


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VS or Very Special indicates that the spirit is at least two and a half years old.
A fruity, subtle VS Cognac from Martell. Recommended as a mixing spirit. More info
This classic VS cognac from Martell is largely made with Ugni Blanc grapes from the Borderies region. The results are fruity and woody and quite complex. More info
Courvoisier proudly boast their Cognac as that of Napoleon. It all started when Napoleon took hundreds of bottles of Courvoisier Cognac for his years of exile. Napoleon told Emmanuel Courvoisier that… More info
Godet's VS is a 3 year old Cognac, blended from Fins Bois, Borderies and Bons Bois spirit. It is a robust, powerful spirit with custard and calves leather notes. More info
An entry level Cognac from Jules Gautret, a house which was established way back in 1847. This is their VS expression, which features eaux-de-vie matured in Limousin casks for at least 2 years. More info
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A vibrant, balanced Cognac, Maxime Trijol VS offers up delicious fruity, floral notes - possibly the most summery Cognac you'll ever try. More info
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Le Réviseur make their Cognac with grapes from the Petite Champagne Cognac region. This VS offers loads of nutty, fruity notes. More info
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Brission Cognac comes from their 65 hectare estate in Châteaubernard. The grapes used for this VS all came from the Grande Champagne region. An intense, fresh and delicious Cognac, full of character. More info
The VS expression from Cognac producers Remi Landier. This rich, subtly floral Cognac is made with a blend of eaux-de-vie from the Fins Bois region. More info
The VS expression of Courvoisier Cognac, presented as part of their Le Voyage de Napoleon range, which was originally released for the Travel Retail Market. More info
Frédéric Mestreau Cognac hadn't been seen for almost a century before Guilhem Grosperrin resurrected the brand, now based in the town of Saintes. Beautifully presented, this is the VS version (aged… More info
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A.E. Dor's VS expression uses grapes from Fins Bois and Borderies as well as the Champagne regions that are exclusively used for the VSOP. More info
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A perfectly balanced VS cognac from top producers Jean Fillioux. This is made with eaux de vie from just the Grande Champagne region, the premier cognac designation. More info
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The entry level Cognac from Radnaud-Savourin, this is truly superb stuff, really very good indeed! A lovely VS. More info
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If a $200 haircut and $900 shades were given lots of money to defecate on Detroit, the result would be Ryan Gosling's directing debut.
— Wesley Morris (@Wesley_Morris) May 20, 2014
Yeah, LOST RIVER's inchoate and indulgent, but at least Ryan Gosling's interested in visuals and cribbing from edgier filmmakers. #cannes
— Alison Willmore (@alisonwillmore) May 20, 2014
Ryan Gosling's Lost River is a conceited clunker – and yet there are great images and mad energy. Review up later #Cannes2014
— Peter Bradshaw (@PeterBradshaw1) May 20, 2014
Lost River: Ryan Gosling confuses 'making film' with 'assembling Tumblr of David Lynch & Mario Bava gifs'. Dumb-foundingly poor #Cannes2014
— Robbie Collin (@robbiereviews) May 20, 2014
Ryan Gosling's directorial debut LOST RIVER is like the residue of a collision between GUMMO & TWIN PEAKS. No, really. #cannes
— erickohn (@erickohn) May 20, 2014
Ryan Gosling's directing debut: let's see God forgive this…
— Jonathan Romney (@JonathanRomney) May 20, 2014
Cripes. Ryan Gosling's Lost River is a lurid mash up of Lynch, Refn and Edward Hopper. In a bad way. #Cannes2014
— Kate Muir (@muirkate) May 20, 2014
Nicolas Winding Refn's influence is clear in Gosling's approach, but he has a voice and a vision of his own as a director. #Cannes2014
— Joe Utichi (@joeutichi) May 20, 2014


text:
Publisher's Description+
From para9: The Guichetier is an ATM locator for Montreal, Laval and the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. Whether you are looking for an ATM near your current location or a contact's address, finding an ATM has never been easier.FEATURES:- Search using GPS, a contact's address or manually- Select which banks are displayed on the map- Find an ATM even when offline using the built-in database- Avoid additional fees when making a withdrawal at the ATM of another financial institutionWith close to 1000 ATM locations, the Guichetier provides better results than other general purpose search applications because it includes results tailored for BMO, CIBC, Desjardins, Laurentian Bank, National Bank, RBC Royal Bank, Scotiabank and TD Canada Trust.To see the extent of the Guichetier's coverage zone, visit the web application at http://guichetier.para9.com
What's new in this version:
- New map based user interface- Retina display support- Improved iOS 4 supportWe hope you enjoy these enhancements. Please update your reviews on iTunes if you like the app. Thanks for your great support. Follow us on twitter @para9
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text:
Minty New Potatoes with Cucumber
|Small new potatoes
|1 Pound, washed and scraped (450 gram)
|Mint stems
|1 Pound (450 gram)
|To Taste
|To Taste
|1⁄2 Large, peeled
|2 Ounce (50 grams/ 1/4 cup)
|Chopped fresh mint
|2 Teaspoon
|Single cream
|1⁄4 Pint (150 milliliter / 2/3 cup)
1. In a pot boil the potatoes with mint stems 10 to 15 minutes until just tender and drain.
2. Cut the cucumbers into lengthwise quarters and cut into cubes.
3. In a pan melt the butter and saute the cucumber for 5 minutes.
4. To this add the potatoes and chopped mint, season to taste and toss to mix properly (Add the cream, if used, and heat to just below boiling).
5. Season to taste and toss thoroughly.
6. Serve hot as a side dish with roast meats or casserole.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 280 Calories from Fat 162
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 18 g28.4%
Saturated Fat 11.2 g55.9%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 50.3 mg16.8%
Sodium 348 mg14.5%
Total Carbohydrates 27 g9%
Dietary Fiber 10.6 g42.3%
Sugars 0.7 g
Protein 6 g12.2%
Vitamin A 110.3% Vitamin C 71.8%
Calcium 33.1% Iron 34.5%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Master of Arts in Teaching and Master of Education
The Master of Arts in Teaching and Master of Education programs will host a combined commencement and hooding ceremony on Monday, April 24. The ceremony begins at 6:30 p.m. in Bauman Auditorium on the Newberg campus.
Also on Monday, April 24, the Master of Arts in Teaching program will hold a Research Symposium at 1 p.m. in the atrium of the Edwards-Holman Science Center on the Newberg campus, followed at 3 p.m. by cohort ceremonies in these locations:
MAT Full Time - Lemmons Center 8
MAT in your Community Portland - Hoover Academic Building 105
MAT in Your Community Salem - Edwards-Holman Science Center 125
MAT at Night - Edwards-Holman Science Center 102
Graduates assemble in the Bauman Green Room at 6 p.m.
Redmond MAT - Saturday, April 22, 2017 Ridgeview High School, 4555 S.W. Elkhorn Avenue, Redmond, Oregon
9 a.m. Research Symposium
9:30 a.m. Celebratory Breakfast
10:30 a.m. Commencement Ceremony
Regalia pick-up:
- MAT Full-time graduates will receive their regalia during class in mid-April.
- MAT at Night and MAT Community graduates may pick up their regalia at the Portland Center Grad Night event on Wednesday, April 5, between 4 and 6:30 p.m. Graduates unable to attend this event will receive their regalia in class.
- MAT Redmond graduates will receive their regalia during class in mid-April.
- MEd graduates may pick up their regalia in Holli Paskewich's office in Roberts 157 between Monday, April 17 and Friday, April 28. Holli will be available between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.