text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 26, 1990
|Filing date
|Nov 27, 1985
|Priority date
|Feb 15, 1985
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James R. Doty
|Original Assignee
|Doty James R
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (50), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Application Ser. No. 702,251, filed Feb. 15, 1985, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to devices and methods for monitoring evoked potentials (EPs) and electroencephalograms (EEGs) in the operating room, in the intensive care unit, and in the laboratory. It more particularly relates to unipolar electrodes adapted to be secured to the patient's or laboratory animal's scalp or skin over his adjacent spinal cord for monitoring electrical activity of his nervous system including his brain and spinal cord.
The intraoperative monitoring of EPs and EEGs in humans promises a means of reducing the incidence of neurologic injury during selected neurosurgical, orthopedic, and vascular operations. This monitoring can result in the reduction of damage done to individuals during anesthesia and during operations. However, it is only recently that the intra-operative monitoring of evoked potentials has become technically feasible and many surgical procedures are now being monitored with evoked potentials.
The electrical potentials emanating from the nervous system are quite small in amplitude and great care must be taken to record them accurately in the operating room where great electrical and mechanical noises are present. Conventional contact electrodes have been used in the past for monitoring EPs and EEGs. Each of the various electrodes known in the past though has its individual shortcomings, and no satisfactory electrode until now has been developed for effectively monitoring EPs and EEGs.
The most commonly used intraoperative electrode is the cup/disc electrode, which is applied to the scalp using collodion or other adhesive substance after the scalp has been abraded. An electrically conductive paste is then inserted into the top of the cup/disc and adhesive tape is used to anchor the electrode to the scalp at the desired location. Loss of adhesion frequently results though due to the patient's sweating or due to surgical manipulation. This changes the resulting wave-form configuration and can make interpretation thereof difficult, if not impossible. Difficulties have also been experienced with this electrode in obtaining consistently low impedances oftentimes requiring repeated abrading of the scalp and the repeated applications of conductive pastes. Although the electrode itself can be sterilized, the conductive paste and adhesive tape cannot be sterilized, thus making it impossible to place these electrodes in a sterile field.
The needle electrode of the prior art is simply a straight wire usually of platinum, silver or stainless steel having a sharp tip. Pressure is exerted on the needle to apply it, causing the tip thereof to penetrate the scalp epidermis. The needle is then taped into place. It has been found that the impedances with the needle electrode are generally smaller than with the cup/disc electrode. Since the only adherence to the scalp is with adhesive tape, with only minimal movement of the electrode or of the patient, the electrical signal is altered or the electrode is caused to fall completely out. If it falls out, there is difficulty in placing it in the same exact location repeatedly, since after piercing the skin, one is unable to know exactly where the electrode is located beneath the skin.
The flat plate electrode of the prior art is used on the scalp and also is used typically over the peripheral nerves. It comprises a usually circular metal plate which, after the placement of conductive gels/paste, is applied to the skin and then suitable tape is applied holding it in place. The primary disadvantage of this type of electrode is its easy loss of adhesion and the difficulty in using it for extended periods of time due to the loss of conductance across the scalp-electrode interface.
A stainless steel wire electrode is known and it is attached to the scalp by first placing the wire subcutaneously with a needle and then out of the skin, similar to a typical surgeon's stitch. The ends are braided after the needle has been removed and the braided ends are then attached to an appropriate monitoring device. It is important to note that this type of electrode is typically used only on animals and never on humans. The disadvantages of this electrode include the difficulty in obtaining low impedances and the electrical interferences caused when the loop, even though firmly attached to the scalp, moves relative to the scalp.
A skull-screw type of electrode, which is used exclusively on animals and never on humans, physically penetrates the bone and is actually screwed through the scalp into the skull. This thick screw electrode too often penetrates the skull to too great a distance causing serious complications. It accordingly also does not define a satisfactory unipolar electrode.
Accordingly, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide an improved device for monitoring EPs and EEGs.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for monitoring EPs and EEGs.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved unipolar scalp electrode for monitoring the electrical activity of the brain.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an improved unipolar scalp electrode for monitoring the electrical activity of the brain which maintains improved adhesion to the scalp despite the passage of time and the patient's sweating and/or movement.
Another object is to provide an improved unipolar electrode that maintains its position on the subject so that an unaltered electrical signal can be maintained.
A further object is to provide a novel unipolar electrode which can be readily, precisely and firmly positioned in the scalp but without actually penetrating into the skull or other underlying bone structure.
A still further object is to provide a novel unipolar electrode which is easily sterilized and can be placed in a sterile environment for the monitoring of the electrical activity of the brain, and which further does not require the use of conductive pastes or adhesive tapes.
Another object is to provide a novel unipolar electrode for the monitoring of the electrical activity of the brain which attains consistently low electrical impedances of 2000 ohms or less.
A further object is to provide an improved unipolar electrode for monitoring the electrical activity of the nervous system including the brain and spinal cord which is reliably self-retaining on the patient.
A still further object is to provide a novel disposable unipolar electrode which firmly adheres to the patient's skin.
Another object is to provide a novel disposable unipolar electrode and sterile packaging therefor.
A further object is to provide a novel unipolar electrode which presents a low profile.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those persons having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device embodying the present invention shown in its working environment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the unipolar electrode of FIG. 1 shown in isolation.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional side view of the electrode of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side-elevational view of the electrode of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 2 illustrating another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a side view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the electrode of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a front end view of the electrode of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of the electrode of FIG. 14 illustrating the use of a novel sanitary cover.
FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of the electrode of FIG. 14 showing an alternative wire connector.
FIG. 20 is a side elevational view similar to FIG. 19 illustrating another alternative wire connector.
FIG. 21 is a fragmentary side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a fragmentary side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a bottom view of the electrode of FIG. 22.
FIG. 24 is a fragmentary side elevational view of another electrode embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a system for monitoring EEGs according to the present invention.
FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a system for monitoring EPs according to the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a system embodying the present invention is illustrated generally at 23. It is shown to comprise a unipolar electrode shown generally at 24 which can be secured to the scalp S and which can be connected at its opposite end to a suitable monitoring device shown in block form at 25 for monitoring the electrical activity of the brain, including EEGs and EPs. Such devices include the "Compact Four" and "Pathfinder" manufactured by Nicolet Biomedical, Inc. of Madison, Wis., the "Lifescan" manufactured by Neuromatics of San Diego, Calif., and the "EPA40A Sensor" manufactured by TECA of Pleasantville, N.Y. Unipolar electrode 24 is shown to comprise a solid cylindrical holder member 26 formed of a nonconductive material such as plastic, and having a generally cylindrical outer surface 28 with a front edge 30. Holder member 26 will typically be 0.5 to 1.0 centimeters in length and have a diameter of 0.5 to 0.6 centimeters. Holder member 26 is adapted to hold the spiral coil 32 embedded therein which is secured at its rearward coil end to holder member 26.
Spiral coil 32 has its forward portion 36 extending forward of front edge 30 of the holder member. Forward portion 36 will extend forward of front edge 30 approximately 0.15 to 0.3 centimeters. Spiral coil 32 comprises a metal conductive wire, such as silver, platinum, or stainless steel wire of twenty-two or greater gauge, configured to spiral between generally 180 and 720 degrees and ending in a pointed or beveled tip 38. The opposite end 40 of spiral coil 32, best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, is attached to an electrically conductive wire 42 which transmits the electrical signals from the patient's brain to monitoring device 25. Wire 42 ends in a suitable terminal or pin connector 44 which is adapted to plug into a connector box 45 which in turn is electrically connected via cable 45a to monitoring device 25. Electrically conductive wire 42 rearwardly exits from holder member 26 and is soldered to end 40 providing an electrical connection therebetween.
Unipolar electrode 24 is placed by a physician, or by a trained EEG/EP technician by order of a physician, into the patient's scalp. The physician or technician will firmly grasp holder member surface 28 with the tips of his fingers F and will press tip 38 against the patient's skin, as best shown in FIG. 1. Holder member 26 is then rotated clockwise between 180 and 720 degrees, or until its front edge 30 is flush with the skin, and spiral coil 32 has been rotated securely into the epidermis of the scalp, but not so far that it penetrates the skull or underlying bone itself. After it has been secured to the scalp by reason of its unique spiral configuration, electrically conductive wire 42 is then connected via connector 44 to monitoring device 25.
Electrode 24 which is used in EP and EEG monitoring is unipolar, that is one unit contains one electrode. This means that one electrode is an active electrode picking up a signal while another is a reference, or an inactive, electrode. Depending on what is specifically of interest, the electrode that was used as a reference electrode in one instance can later become an active electrode by electrically switching them. Referring to FIG. 1, typically four to eleven, or as many as twenty-four, unipolar electrodes will be used.
To assist in the firm grasping of holder member surface 28, alternative embodiments of the subject unipolar electrode are illustrated. Each of these has a friction increasing means for aiding in the grasping of the holder member to insure that it is quickly, easily and accurately inserted in scalp S. FIG. 5, for example, shows an electrode 46 having a rough, irregular or abraded (cross knurled) exterior rearward surface portion 48 providing this friction increasing means. FIG. 6 shows an electrode 50 wherein holder member 26 has a ribbed or ridged (parallel knurled) surface 52 wherein the ribs extend longitudinally the length of the member. FIG. 7 shows an electrode 54 with its holder member having a pair of opposite protruding ears or wing members 56, which will be grasped by the physician when applying or removing electrode 54, and aid in the rotation thereof.
Further embodiments of the present unipolar electrode design concept are illustrated in FIGS. 8 through 21. FIG. 8 shows an electrode 58 comprising a short screw 60 in which the threads thereof are exaggerated to increase the contact surface area and to better grasp the scalp, but to not penetrate the skull. Flanged surface 62 is provided for ease of grasping and application. The unipolar electrode 64 of FIG. 9 has a straight piercing element 66 comprising the conductive electrode portion and a spiral portion 68 comprising the non-active component designed to retain electrode 64 in the scalp. Unipolar electrode 70 of FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrates a novel design including a spring-loaded clip 72 with sharp teeth 74 in conjunction with an interior straight piercing electrode member 76. Clip 72 forms the retaining portion of the electrode with teeth 74 engaging the skin and holding the electrode thereto. FIGS. 12 and 13 show an electrode 78 comprising a bi-spiral unipolar electrode. As shown it has a pair of electrode wires 80 and 82, each with bevel ends, exiting from the holder member one hundred and eighty degrees from each other, each with a spiral of one hundred and eighty degrees. Each wire 80 and 82 is embedded in the holder member and is soldered at 84 to the electrically conducting wire, as best shown in FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 illustrates another unipolar electrode 86 according to the present invention which is one of the preferred embodiments. Referring thereto it is seen that its holder member 88 is shaped in a flattened spherical configuration thereby providing a low profile from the skin. This is a less obtrusive design which does not protrude so far from the skin when secured thereto as to be likely to be dislodged. Holder member 88 is one cm in diameter and 0.4 cm high. Attached on the top is a pair of opposed ears or wings 90 protruding out from the surface. These wings or ears are similar to wing members 56 of the embodiment of FIG. 7. As can be appreciated, wings 90 provide surfaces for easily grasping holder member 88 and twisting or rotating it in the skin. An electrical wire 92 exits from the top in a manner similar to that of the above-described electrodes. In electrical connection therewith is the spiral coil 94 which is approximately 0.5 cm wide (diameter) and protrudes down from and below the bottom surface 96 of holder member 88. Bottom surface 96 has a concave configuration and the lower tip 98 of spiral coil 94 is slightly below, approximately one-quarter turn, the plane of the forward edge 100 of this surface. Thus, when holder member 88 is grasped and pressed against the subject's skin and twisted, a slight suction will be created thereby better holding electrode 86 to the skin.
FIG. 15 shows a variation on the electrode of FIG. 14. Referring thereto it is seen that electrode 102 instead of a concave bottom surface has a flat bottom surface 104 and the spiral coil 106 then extends down below surface 104. It is also within the scope of this invention to provide in lieu of or in conjunction with the wings or ears a plastic surface which by its very nature is friction producing such as rubber. Alternatively, the outer surface 107 can be abraded as shown by electrode 108 in FIG. 16 and similar to the teachings of the electrode of FIG. 6. In lieu of the wings, a beveled surface 110 defining an upper disc or knob 111 can be provided, as illustrated by electrode 112 in FIG. 17. The outer edge 114 of knob 111 can be easily grasped by the physician's fingers and twisted.
For sanitary purposes it is necessary to sterilize or sanitize at least the coil portion of the electrode. It however is probably not necessary that the entire holder member be sterilized. For sterile packaging purposes each electrode 24 could be packaged in its own individually sealed package. Alternatively, a number of electrodes can be conveniently placed in a single package and only the relevant electrode portions sealed with plastic or other suitable material. This alternative is illustrated in FIG. 18 wherein the plastic cover 117 is illustrated. It covers the bottom surface of the holder member including the coil and is secured to the lower sides of holder member 118 by being slightly smaller in diameter and stretched over the forward edge of the electrode and easily removed by simply grasping one edge.
In the previously disclosed embodiments the outwardly or rearwardly exiting connector wire such as at 42 was permanently secured by soldering or other suitable means to the coil as at 40, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 12, and the opposite end of the connector wire had a connector end such as pin connector 44 which was connected to monitoring device 24. Alternatively, the wires can be permanently connected to the device or connector box 45 and the opposite ends define a removable end. This removable end would then be mated with the corresponding mating portion of the holder member. Thus, it would not be necessary each time to replace the wire, but, rather, only the holder member and attached spiral coil would need to be replaced. One method of doing this is illustrated in FIG. 19. Referring thereto, it is seen that the holder member 122 is provided with a female connector 124 on its upper surface 126 and the wire 128 is provided with a male connector 130 at its end for connecting into female connector 124. Male connector 130 can then be snapped or twisted into or out of female connector 124. The reverse is also possible, as is illustrated in FIG. 20 wherein the wire 132 has a female member 134 at its end and the holder member 136 has a male member 138 on its upper surface 140 and female member 134 is then fitted over male member 138 for attachment and removed for electrode replacement purposes.
Referring to FIG. 21, another unipolar electrode is illustrated generally at 142 and it also is one of the preferred designs illustrated herein. As shown, holder member 144 of electrode 142 is formed by two separable parts--base 146 and cap 148. Cap 148 has a sleeve 150 extending at right angles thereto through which electrode wire 152 passes. Sleeve 150 positions wire 152 so that it does not protrude out of the top of the holder member but out the side or back to present a lower overall electrode profile. Wire 152 at its holder member end has a protruding male end 154 which is received within the opposite female end 156 when cap 148 is fitted to base 146 providing an electrical connection with spiral coil 157. Base 146 on its upper surface has an annular groove into which the lower rim 158 of cap 148 snaps. Once snapped into place cap 148 is free to rotate relative to the monitoring device. Base 146 is secured to the scalp by grasping annular knob 160 and twisting base 146 until spiral coil 157 has penetrated the desired distance into the patient. Cap 148 is snapped into place on base 146 preferably after base 146 has been secured into place on the patient and rotated so that sleeve 150 points towards the monitoring device. It is also within the scope of the present invention to position the annular groove (female portion) on cap 148 and the rim (male member) on base 146, and then snap base 146 into cap 148.
Referring to FIG. 22, another unipolar electrode is illustrated generally at 164 and it is also one of the preferred designs illustrated herein. As shown, the user holder member 166 of electrode 164 has a lower portion 168 and an upper portion 170 connected thereto and formed as one piece therewith. Lower portion 168 has a cylindrical slightly tapering configuration. On its outer surface it has a vertically ribbed configuration 172 similar to that described, for example, in the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 16. Ribbed configuration 172 increases the grasping or friction surface so that electrode 164 can be easily grasped by the user's fingers and twisted into position. In lieu thereof, any of the previously-described friction increasing means can be used such as the ears or wings of the electrode of FIG. 14. Upper portion 170 further defines an upwardly tapering sleeve 176 through which the exit wire 178 passes. The spiral coil 180 is contained and held within lower portion 168 and extends out of the lower concave surface 182 thereof similar to the electrode embodiment of FIG. 21. Spiral coil 180 extends generally one hundred and eighty to seven hundred and twenty degrees out of lower concave surface 182. Spiral coil 180 has a unique design wherein its lower coils 184 are spaced and are upwardly tapering so as to generally define a cone, and its upper coils 186 are adjacent one another, tightly wound, and define a narrow cylinder Exit wire 178 then is connected to the upper end of upper coils 186, or fits in the central opening thereby defined. The bottom profile of electrode 164 is best illustrated in FIG. 23 and it shows the body-contacting circumferential rim 188 of holder member 166, concave surface 182 and the exposed portion of lower coils 184 of spiral coil 178 which end in a beveled tip 190.
Another preferred embodiment of the subject unipolar electrode design is illustrated in FIG. 24, generally at 194. As illustrated, electrode 194 presents a desirably low overall profile. Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 21, it comprises a holder member 196, having two separable parts--base 198 and cap 200. Cap 200 has a generally horizontal sleeve 202 for containing and directing the electrode exit wire 204. Cap 200 then snaps into base 198, or, alternatively, base 198 can snap into a groove of the cap 200, similar to the design as described for FIG. 21. Cap 200 then can rotate relative to base 198 to direct sleeve 202 and thus exit wire 204 towards the monitoring device. Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 21, an electrode male member 206 extends down from cap 200 and is an electrical connection with exit wire 204. Cap 200 then fits into the longitudinal opening defined by the tightly wound coils 208 of the upper portion of spiral coil 210. Similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 22 and 23, the upper tightly wound coils 208 are merely an upper extension of the lower spaced coils 212 of spiral coil 210 and are constructed in one continuous piece, preferably of twenty to twenty-five gauge wire. Lower coils 212 are similarly spaced and tapered to define a cone. Spiral coil 210 extends out through the lower concave surface 214 of base 198 and exits for about 180 to 720 degree turns. This construction is easy to construct and easy to install by simply grasping the outer ribbed portion 216 of base 198, twisting it so that the pointed tip 218 of spiral coil 210 pierces the skin and and spiral coil 210 then enters the skin, generally a single turn. Concave surface 214 will then with pressure applied define a partial vacuum to better hold electrode 194 to the patient. Either before or after twisting spiral coil 210 into the patient, upper cap 200 is snapped into position on base 198, similar to the electrode of FIG. 21. Cap 200 can then be oriented so that sleeve 202 points towards the monitoring device and exit wire 204 is better directed towards the device, preventing tangling of the wires and defining a lower electrode profile.
The present system for monitoring the electrical activity of the brain is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 25 and 26, for monitoring EEGs and EPs, respectively. It essentially comprises a unipolar electrode 24 according to any one of the previously-described designs. The electrode according to its unique spiral coil configuration is firmly secured to the scalp S and accurately and consistently obtains the electrical signal from the brain. An amplifier/preamplifier arrangement shown generally at 224 electrically enhances the signal obtained from the electrode and transmits it to a means for recording, storing and displaying these signals. Typically the amount of amplification for a EEG or EP is several thousand times. For EEGs and EPs a multiple channel input is required. The data generated are permanently recorded via an x,y recorder 226. For EP monitoring a computer 228 is required to average several evoked potentials elicited in response to repeated stimuli 230 to separate the evoked response (signal) from the background EEG (noise). The multiple evoked potentials are summated and averaged in the computer memory while the random background EEG averages out to zero. Because the evoked potential is time-locked to the repetitive stimulus, this computer averaging method considerably enhances the desired evoked potential. The stored data in the memory can then be displayed on the oscilloscope screen and printed via x,y recorder 226 for a permanent record.
It is thus seen that the present unipolar spiral electrode can be efficiently and effectively used to monitor EPs and EEGs in the operating room, in the intensive care unit, and in the clinical neurophysiology laboratory. The unipolar electrode of the subject invention is easily sterilized and consistently results in low electrical impedances. Furthermore, because of its unique spiral coil configuration, the electrode is selfretaining and will remain firmly in place for long periods of time. These features combine to yield highly reproducible recordings of neurophysiological potentials.
From the foregoing detailed description it will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptations, and modifications of the present invention which come within the province of those skilled in the art. However, it is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be considered as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the appended claims.
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|Apr 28, 2010
|Oct 30, 2013
|Mi Tech Co Ltd
|Apparatus and method for manufacturing a multichannel electrode array for cranial nerve stimulation
|Oct 10, 1997
|Apr 23, 1998
|Aspect Medical Systems, Inc.
|Electrode array system for measuring electrophysiological signals
|Apr 28, 2010
|Sep 15, 2011
|M.I.Tech Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for manufacturing a multichannel electrode array for cranial nerve stimulation
|Feb 6, 2012
|May 30, 2013
|University Of Pittsburgh - Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education
|Improved skin screw electrodes
|U.S. Classification
|600/373, 600/393, 600/386, 600/382
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 20, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 14, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 30, 1998
|Surcharge for late payment
|Apr 30, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 13, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Headphone Amplifiers
Manufacturer: PreSonus 1 Results
PreSonus AudioBox USB
" Hi all, i used to record my electric guitar riffs with this device. now i regularly use it as a desktop amp. build quality is excellent, you can't crack or break it easily if u try! i love to listen to music the best it can be heard with my budget. i listen on either Beyerdynamic dt770 pro 80 ohm or se215 IEMs. despite the great recording job, i can enjoy it's flat,..." --matinsoroudi

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Joy of Capital Spending
India's Top 20 Pharma companies are upgrading facilities to proactively enjoy Pharma market opportunities
India's top 20 pharmaceutical companies are increasing capital expenditures by 40 percent to take advantage of market opportunities to come, says a report from CRISIL, a global analytical company providing ratings, research, risk and policy advisory services. The article, which appeared on The Economic Times of India website, attributes the CapEx increase in India to the fact that the country's "drug makers are expected to pay greater attention to regulated markets, especially the U.S. market, and to take advantage of substantial patent expiries expected in the medium term, as well as an ever-increasing demand for generics."
There's been no shortage of criticism of India's pharmaceutical industry and its drug-quality lapses. A…
New Manufacturing Equipment Targets Increased Tablet Production Efficiencies
Industry Voice 2015
Pharmaceutical Tools of the Trade
Critical Success Factors in Raw Material Storage & Conveyance
Spray Drying Enhances Solubility and Bioavailability
Regulatory approval of the first aseptically spray-dried drug validates this newer technology
It is estimated that at least 40 percent — and possibly as high as 90 percent — of new chemical entities (NCEs) are insufficiently soluble, resulting in low bioavailability and decreased efficacy, according to spray drying services provider, Upperton.1 Spray drying can be an enabling technology when it comes to bioavailability and solubility.
As particle characteristics like size and morphology can be controlled accurately, the resulting solubility and bioavailability characteristics can be influenced in a controlled manner. For example, in API manufacturing, spray drying can create stable crystalline constructs that increase API bioavailability by increasing the solubility of the active ingredient. Spray drying can be used for coating…
EU Certifies Vetter's Supply Chain is Better
Advanced Filtration Optimizes High-Viscosity Blow-Fill-Seal
Piezo Gripper
PDA Annual Meeting Makes Magic
Mature Quality Systems: What Pharma Can Learn from Other Industries
Pharma can take inspiration from industries with mature quality systems and advanced quality capabilities
Quality has a special meaning in pharmaceuticals, where production or distribution errors can jeopardize human life. But other industries face similar challenges, and some have developed sophisticated quality systems. As pharmaceutical companies look for ways to improve their quality practices and performance, they can take ideas from these quality leaders and adapt them for pharma.
Quality can be defined in various ways, from "fitness for purpose" to "meeting customer expectations" to predictability in statistical terms. Each industry understands quality differently, and priorities depend on the specifics of products and markets. In the automotive industry, for instance, companies generally define quality as the ability to meet…
Integrated Continuous Manufacturing
Implementing Risk-Based Validation Team-by-Team
ISPE Names Pfizer as Facility of the Year Winner
Energy Efficiency Makeover Yields Utility Incentive Rewards
The Digital Game-Changer
For pharma operations, the question isn't "When to go digital?" It's "How fast can we get there?"
Industry after roiled industry is being transformed as digital innovation becomes the mother of new methods, efficiencies - and businesses.
In pharmaceuticals, the first wave of the digital revolution has largely been focused on using technology platforms and data analytics to better understand customers, increasing patient engagement and developing new go-to-market approaches.
Change in pharmaceutical operations has proceeded more cautiously, partly because in a supply chain already complicated by so many country-by-country regulations, rising quality-control scrutiny, more complex product portfolios, increasingly competitive pricing, an ever-widening universe of supply chain partners and the threat of counterfeiting, the hurdles to…
Holding the Diagnostic Mirror
Ensuring Batch-to-Batch Repeatability in Sanitary Processes
On Solid Ground: Pharma's Most Mature Dosage Form Endures
Vaccine Temperature Monitoring in Pharma Facilities
Q&A: Addressing Drug Supply Chain Security
Serialization and regulatory compliance strategies pharmaceutical manufacturers should consider when addressing supply chain security
To combat potentially unsafe counterfeit drugs and product diversion, the FDA passed the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) in 2013, creating federally mandated requirements for traceability of pharmaceutical products. Fast approaching is a November 2017 DSCSA compliance deadline with additional serialization requirements. While the disruption to existing manufacturing and distribution processes will be significant, it is vital to impose supply chain visibility to prevent diversion and counterfeit products from reaching consumers.
PMMI sat down with Steve Peterson, product manager at the Peterson Group and Mario Simard, senior product line manager at Optel Vision to discuss what strategies pharmaceutical manufacturers should…
A Look Back at Packaging
On the Cusp of Change
DSCSA Support: The Benefits of Leveraging EPCIS
Meeting New Biopharma Filling Challenges
Make sure the pressure transmitters used in your CIP/SIP application are designed for that service.
In a perfect world, all the instruments used for process control would maintain their specified accuracy under any and all conditions short of damage, and maintain the same accuracy for the same process variable value regardless of what happens between measurements.
Figure 1. Repeated exposure to the high temperatures involved in CIP/SIP can cause a pressure transmitter not specifically designed for such conditions to drift out of calibration.
In the real world, instruments' characteristics change, even if only slightly, as their operating conditions change. In sanitary processes subjected to clean-in-place (CIP) and sterilization-in-place or steam-in-place (SIP), instruments must withstand rapid changes in temperature and pressure…
Automating Distributed Control System Patching
Exploring the Benefits of Real-time Particle Sizing
Solid Dose Realities: Reaching for More
PAT & Quality by Design Conference
STEERLife Collaborates with Ole Miss on Drug Development and Manufacturing Research
Move aims to develop advanced pharmaceutical applications including semi solid formulations for dermal and transdermal applications and provide solutions for the industry.
STEERLife, creator proprietary continuous processing technology, and the University of Mississippi, announced an agreement for collaborative research using fractional lobe processing. The move aims to develop advanced pharmaceutical applications including semi solid formulations for dermal and transdermal applications and provide solutions for the industry to change the way medicines are manufactured, applied and administered through continuous manufacturing.
According to STEERLife, it will invest a significant amount over four years, providing a proprietary co-rotating twin screw technology platform and equipment with fractional lobe technology. The partnership will also engage students pursuing their Master's, Doctoral and Postdoctoral…
Janssen's Historic FDA Approval
Smart Manufacturing, FDA's Vision for Quality
Ready, Aim, Aim, Aim … Still Aiming
Why so many pharmaceutical companies can't "just do" PAT
The PAT (draft) Guidance was introduced in 2002, finalized in 2004, and is still largely ignored as an option by a huge number of pharma companies. Why? That is a simple question with a multi-faceted answer.
Having said that, let's look at the money involved. PAT will cost money and time and, as the old saw goes, "time is money." Having the money and allocating it are two different matters. While the industry still makes huge profits, it also still uses antiquated accounting and payment practices. Add to that it also considers cross-training, instrumentation/short courses and conferences as "overhead" and not necessary for this quarter's profit.
Also, largely still in place, is the "justification" of capital spending. At…
IFPAC 2016 Conference
Bio Pharma 2015: Soaring to New Heights
The Forgotten Segment in PAT
BRIEF: Advances in Process Analytical Technologies
Pressure Regulating Valve Family
Full Name: Pressure Regulating Valve Family
Team: GF Piping SystemsStatus: Elastomer Free
Debut: January 2015
Field Position: High purity piping systems
Skill Set: Engineered modular design and materials eliminate particle shedding
Performance Stats:• Elastomer-free proprietary piston design• Modular design and cartridge makes valve function switches easier• Central housing nut does away with re-torqueing
Regulatory Profile: Suitable for high-purity system duty and GMP-based processing.
Coach's Notes: "Our new Pressure Regulating Valve family offers solutions that no one else in the PRV market offers," says Jeff Sixsmith, Product Manager for Valves and Actuation for GF Piping Systems. "The piston design…
Pall Life Sciences Wins Interphex Best-in-Show Distinction
Process Cooling as Part of a Sustainable Strategy
Applying Single-Use Efficiencies to Room-to-Room Fluid Transfer
Next-Generation Analytics: Actionable Insights on Tap
On-demand access to the latest business intelligence is the key to almost every strategic priority life sciences organizations are working towards. But it can't be delivered without the right groundwork.
The ability to perform timely analytics and to access reliable, up-to-date business intelligence at the point of need is a priority for just about any business in 2017. On-demand decision support is the key to operational efficiency, to competitive advantage, and to an organization's ability to respond to new market conditions and new business opportunities. Without reliable insight, companies might easily miss something, and teams will not be fully confident in their decisions.
In life sciences the barriers to achieving information clarity are particularly high - despite the fact that regulatory scrutiny requires companies to be vigilant in capturing and reporting a lot of detailed information. The issue isn't a lack of data, so much…
Smarter Access to Analytics for Process Engineers
Intelligent Data Application and Management Will Define Pharma's Future
ACEA Biosciences Introduces "Fail it Fast" Assay Technology
New xCELLigence RTCA CardioECR is the first platform for simultaneous measurement of Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Electrophysiology
Responding to the need for more predictive preclinical assays for cardiac liability, ACEA Biosciences introduced a "ground-breaking" device the company describes as "next generation." Designated the xCELLigence RTCA CardioECR System, it is…
Advanced Analytics Improve Biopharma Operations
Archived Webinar: QbD Development of a Purity Method Using UPLC and Mass Detection
Biopharmaceutical Process Control: Part Two: Process Modeling
Three Big Risks in 3D Printing Pharmaceuticals
Smart Syringes Market Could Reach $7.6B by 2020
Catalent To Add Clinical Supply Services in Japan
Sanofi Recalls 2.8M Allergy Injectors
Evolution in the Era of New Biopharmaceuticals
New formats and formulations will change CMC requirements
In the already diverse field of biopharmaceuticals, chemistry manufacturing and control (CMC) is about to get more complex. New formats and formulations will change CMC requirements, dictated by the need to characterize products of increased complexity and the expectation of authorities that companies will keep pace with the latest technologies so as to minimize quality risks.The potential implied changes required for an effective CMC include: more extensive information handoffs, greater cross-functional cooperation and a greater focus on relationships with regulatory agencies. These trends will demand a rethinking of the CMC setup and an appraisal of its capabilities based on a company's product pipeline.Overarching…
What's New in Dosage Form Analysis?
Where Is Biopharma in the PAT Picture?
How to Justify Innovation and QbD in Manufacturing
Planting the Seed for Speed
PLM for Pharma: Applying an Old Tool in New Ways
Teva Halts High Dose MS Trials Over Heart Issues
BRIEF: Designer Genes: Integrated DNA Technologies Offers Made-to-Order DNA Oligos
Electronic Batch Records: Improving Compliance, Accelerating Time to Market
True Process PLM: The Future of Pharma Manufacturing
Why Zombies Would Be Unstoppable if They Used a QMS
4 Steps for Managing Biopharmaceutical Projects
In order for biopharma companies to move quickly and adaptively enough, an outstanding project management process is critical
The global biopharmaceutical market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.4 percent from 2014 to 2020, reaching $278 billion in revenue by the end of this six-year period. Growth is being driven by numerous factors, such as aging populations in most of the Western world and an increased prevalence of chronic disease. However, likely the most important contributor to growth is biopharmaceutical drugs' superior effectiveness in treating many disease states, including treating conditions for which there were previously few effective drug treatment options available.
Given the growth of the biopharmaceutical segment, the industry needs to become increasingly better at managing biopharmaceutical projects in order for more…
How Smart is Your Factory?
Industrial Internet of Things: Buzzwords Have Feelings, Too
Designer Genes: Integrated DNA Technologies Offers Made-to-Order DNA Oligos
Modular Approach to Water Processing Control & Automation
Converging factors are pushing drugmakers to adopt a more modern approach, and technology-enabled Product Lifecycle Management will be the key
At the product level, pharmaceutical companies are constant innovators, perpetually unveiling new and more powerful treatments for a growing range of ailments. When it comes to manufacturing, however, drugmakers are notorious for lagging other industries. (Just last year, The Wall Street Journal described pharmaceutical manufacturing processes as "dating to the days of the steam engine.")
More specifically, pharmaceutical manufacturers have not been able to realize the benefits of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technology, unlike their counterparts in the discrete manufacturing world. There, PLM is a technology-enabled discipline that has connected every step in the product lifecycle, enabling radical improvements in product…
Transparency: A Vital Ingredient for Safe, Effective Medicines
Mass Measurement Precision of Small Objects in Pharmaceutical Production
Pattern recognition software leverages historian data to automate information gathering for plant engineers and managers
In this information age, data is everywhere. How can we improve efficiencies and manage this information into useable nuggets of information? Plant and operations managers receive vast amounts of both structured and unstructured data every day. How can information be accessed quickly and affordably to improve performance?
Historians serve as a repository for data from many systems, making them a good source for advanced analytics. However, process historian tools are not ideal for automating the analysis of the data or search queries. They are 'write' optimized and not 'read/analytics' optimized. Finding the relevant historical event and building the process context is usually a time consuming and laborious task.
A level of…
Paving the Road for Sustainable Solutions
Save Money, Make Money: IT Integration and Data Exchange
MES Systems Help Facilitate Modern Regulatory Compliance
'Future-proofing' Serialization Solutions
Jazz Pharma Supplier Facility Hit with FDA Warning
Jazz Pharmaceuticals' CDMO -- UK-based Porton Biopharma -- received a Warning Letter from the FDA regarding cGMP violations noted during an on-site inspection.
Jazz Pharmaceuticals' CDMO -- UK-based Porton Biopharma -- received a Warning Letter from the FDA regarding cGMP violations noted during an on-site inspection.
Porton is the sole manufacturer of Jazz's Erwinaze, an orphan drug approved in the U.S. to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with allergies to E. coli derived chemotherapy drugs.
The Warning Letter notes Porton's failure to remedy cGMP violations cited in a January 2015 on-site inspection despite assurances to do so. Similar deficiencies were noted again in a recent inspection in March 2016.
The FDA has requested a face-to-face regulatory meeting between Porton, Jazz, and Agency officials.
Read the FDA Warning Letter
Validation & Qualification in Pharma Facilities
No-Compromise APIs
FDA Clears Lupin India Plant
Louisiana Drugmaker Ordered to Cease Operations
A U.S. DOJ complaint sought a permanent injunction against the company for unlawfully manufacturing and distributing unapproved new drugs, misbranded drugs, adulterated dietary supplements and misbranded dietary supplements.
U.S. District Judge Robert G. James for the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana entered a consent decree of permanent injunction against Pick and Pay Inc./Cili Minerals, a manufacturer and distributor of drugs and dietary supplements, and its owner, Anton S. Botha, requiring the business to immediately cease operations until it comes into compliance with federal laws.
The complaint, filed by the U.S. Department of Justice, sought a permanent injunction against the company and its owners for unlawfully manufacturing and distributing unapproved new drugs, misbranded drugs, adulterated dietary supplements and misbranded dietary supplements.
The company and its owner marketed their products online at www.ciliminerals.com,…
FDA Requires Pharma Firms to File Electronically
FDA OK's Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Drug for U.S.
FDA Cites Three Pharma, Five Medical Device Companies
FDA Gathers Faster Drug Data
FDA has 700+ Vacant Drug Approval Jobs
The U.S. FDA, under fire for its drug approval backlog, says it has over 700 job vacanies at CDER.
The U.S. FDA, under fire for its drug approval backlog, says it has over 700 job vacanies at its Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER).
At a recent industry event, Janet Woodcock said that the agency is struggling to hire and retain staff because pharmaceutical companies are offering employees much higher salaries.
CDER had 711 openings out of 5,525 positions at the end of September, said an FDA spokewoman.
Aside from salary, the speed in which the agency goes through the hiring process is a challenge. "A young person with a family can't wait four months for us to get through some of the federal hiring process. So if they have something else that's more . . . expedient, they will take that," said Peter Marks,…
Identifying Contaminants in Pharmaceutical Manufacture
Specifying Instruments to Meet Pharmaceutical Hygienic Requirements
Validation, calibration and qualification are extremely critical in pharmaceutical processes. Understanding them is necessary in order to meet cGMP guidelines.
Pharmaceutical facilities consist of various processes, each of which must be accurate to ensure that the end product is of high quality. While validation is concerned mainly with processes, it is referred to as a qualification when the same approach is applied to a machine or equipment instead of a process.
Why is Validation Needed?Validation is a systematic approach where it is confirmed that any process in a pharmaceutical facility will operate within the specified parameters whenever required. This is achieved by collecting and analyzing data. Validation is done to assure that the processes will produce consistent and repeatable results within the predetermined specifications.
Validation is needed as it verifies whether the quality…
Why Are Paper Mountains Still Common in Validation?
BRIEF: How Humidity and Temperature Mapping Differ
Leveraging Third-Party Audits in Pharma/Biotech Industries
Management's Role in Sustaining Continued Process Verification
The Changing Biopharma Risk Equation
Multinational survey of pharma execs offers insight on pharmaceutical companies' growth strategies and risk management in the challenging biologics landscape
As pharma companies expand, they are looking more and more to biologics for their next potential blockbusters. However, this class of product — ranging from well-established large molecule drugs to truly novel therapies — poses major challenges because of its scientific complexity and sophisticated development requirements.Furthermore, expanding the drug pipeline isn't the only growth strategy most companies are pursuing. They are also planning to expand geographically and expect to face various risks doing so, including unfamiliar regulatory environments, shifts in pricing and changes in customers' ability to pay.
All this means that risk management is rising in pharma executives' agendas. To manage risks, companies are…
5 Strategies for Generic Supply Chains
What leading companies are doing to drive holistic improvements across their complex supply chains
The supply chain performance of generic drug (Gx) companies stands out compared with that of its Big Pharma, non-Gx peers. Despite their much more complex product portfolio, Gx companies' costs and inventory are much lower. Challenges, however, continue to arise in this critical sector that provides the majority of medicine to patients in need. Not only do customers often expect 99 plus percent service levels within 24 to 48 hours, but supply reliability is also becoming more tenuous as once local supply chains now extend around the world.
To achieve high service standards across a global footprint, leading Gx companies have found that agility and integration along the supply chain are essential to improvement programs. Highlighted here…
Cold Chain Planning: An Integrated Approach
Establishing a Root Cause Failure Analysis Program at a Pharma Facility
Corrective actions are implemented to reduce future failures, but resources aren't allocated to identify the root cause on a significant failure; This gap creates the opportunity to implement a RCFA program.
Your clean steam generator system stops and alarms. Production halts; operations quickly calls maintenance. Maintenance jumps into action and determines that the bearing seized in the feed water pump. A bearing order is expedited through procurement, maintenance efficiently makes the repair the next morning, and the production team runs tests before putting the system back into operation. Corrective actions are created to ensure that the bearing is stocked in the MRO storeroom, and to double frequency of the pump's preventive maintenance. The senior leadership team is satisfied with the response and corrective actions, and praises the team for limiting the production delay to just 24 hours.
Does this scenario sound familiar? A critical…
Natoli Offers Tablet Manufacturing and Troubleshooting Training Course
Digitally Spoiled But Not Rotten
How to Find Your Next Pharma Exec
GMP in Cleanroom Maintenance: Myths and Facts
Every cleanroom requires a carefully controlled environment maintained with Good Manufacturing Practices to prevent contamination
In 2012, a fungal meningitis outbreak in the United States was traced to a compounding pharmacy in the Northeast. The pharmacy distributed contaminated vials to medical facilities in 23 states. These were administered to more than 14,000 patients before anyone linked symptoms to the tainted medication.
By the time the source was isolated and the drug recalled, 48 people had died and 720 required treatment for persistent fungal infections. Investigators later discovered both procedural shortcuts and significant failures in cleaning and maintenance at the pharmacy.
This is not an isolated instance of inadequate cleanroom sanitation. The FDA maintains a well-populated list of inspections and citations conducted between 2006 and 2012 on its…
VS-050 Six Axis Aseptic Robot
Risky Business: High Potency Products
Sterilization Methods' Impact on Packaging Component Machinability
Saving Money at the Loading Dock
Pharma execs and facility managers are constantly exploring all possible ways to tighten their belts and bolster the company's bottom line. A growing number are finding one path to savings runs through an often-overlooked area of their facility's operations – its loading docks.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing is a highly competitive business, with product development, quality control, regulatory/compliance and even shareholder issues that are much more complex than in many other industries. Because of that, pharma execs and facility managers are constantly exploring all possible ways to tighten their belts and bolster the company's bottom line. A growing number are finding one path to savings runs through an often-overlooked area of their facility's operations – its loading docks.
When trailers are positioned at the dock being loaded or unloaded, gaps often exist between the trailer and the edges of the dock opening, through which expensive heating and cooling energy can escape, and unwanted contaminants…
How to Select the Right Compressed Air System
Delta DSV Steam Trap
Controlling Emissions the BAT Way
ISPE Announces 2017 Pharma Facility Winners
The Facility of the Year Awards recognize state-of-the-art projects using new technologies to improve product quality, reduce the cost of producing high-quality medicines and demonstrate advances in project delivery
The International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) says its Facility of the Year Award (FOYA) program recognizes innovation and creativity in manufacturing facilities serving the regulated healthcare industry. Projects selected for the FOYA program set the standard for pharmaceutical facilities of the future by demonstrating excellence in facility design, construction, and operations.
"We are proud to honor the eight organizations that share ISPE's commitment to innovate and advance pharmaceutical manufacturing technology for the benefit of all global patients," said John Bournas, ISPE CEO and President.
The 2017 Facility of the Year Category Award Winners include:Abbott: Winner of the Operational Excellence category for…
The Evolving Biopharma Contract-Manufacturing Market
Lobby Group Links Drug-Resistance to Water Near Indian Plants
Sustainability lobby group Changing Markets has published a report that reveals the presence of lethal drug-resistant bacteria in water found near multiple production sites in India.
Sustainability lobby group Changing Markets has published a report that reveals the presence of lethal drug-resistant bacteria in water found near multiple production sites in India.
According to the report, analysis of water samples found high levels of drug-resistant bacteria at sites in three Indian cities: Hyderabad, New Delhi and Chennai.
Out of 34 sites tested, 16 were found to be harboring bacteria resistant to antibiotics. At four of the sites, resistance to three major classes of antibiotics was detected, including last resort antibiotics -- those used to treat infections that fail to respond to all other medicines.
The report called out Hyderabad-based Aurobindo Pharma as one of the worst offenders, saying the drugmaker is "a…
FDA, CDC Link Outbreak to PharmaTech's Water System
Speedy Delivery
Momenta Copaxone Generic Delayed by CMO Warning
Momenta's three-times-weekly version of Glatopa is unlikely to be approved this quarter due to a manufacturing issue at contract manufacturing plant that Novartis uses to fill the syringes with the drug.
Momenta's three-times-weekly version of Glatopa is unlikely to be approved this quarter due to a manufacturing issue at contract manufacturing plant that Novartis uses to fill the syringes with the drug.
Momenta and Novartis' Sandoz are currently collaborating on the development and commercialization of a generic version of three times weekly Copaxone 40mg/mL. Earlier this month, a U.S. district court ruling invalidated four patents on Teva's multiple sclerosis therapy, opening the door for a generic version of the 40mg formulation.
According to an article posted on Motley Fool, Momenta believes the application could theoretically gain FDa approval soon, but the contract manufacturing plant, which is owned and run by Pfizer, received a…
Outsourcing Relationships Even Mom Will Love
Inking the Deal
The Art of the Request for Proposals
First Cancer Biosim Approved in EU
South Korea-based Celltrion Inc. announced that the European Commission has granted marketing authorization to its blood cancer treatment, Truxima, a biosimiliar to Roche's best-selling cancer drug, Rituxan.
South Korea-based Celltrion Inc. announced that the European Commission has granted marketing authorization to its blood cancer treatment, Truxima, a biosimiliar to Roche's best-selling cancer drug, Rituxan.
Truxima is the first blood cancer biosimiar approved in Europe. The EC's approval is effective in 28 European Union members and three European Economic Area countries - Norway, Iceland and Lichtenstein.
It is expected that Truxima will enter the market with a potential 30% reduction on the price of Roche's Rituxan.
Read the Pulse article
Amgen to Hire 1,600 Employees in 2017
Amgen Gets EMA Ok for Humira Biosims
FDA to Rule on Merck Keytruda Combo by May
FDA Warns of Impulse-control Problems With Mental Health Drug
Teva Pharma Says Allergan Generics Deal Delayed
Mylan Will Pay $96.5M to Settle Provigil Suit
California Sues Teva, Allergan for Blocking Generics
Teva's Copaxone Patent Battle Ends; Generics to Hit Market
Takeda Completes Consumer Health Split
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited will transfer its Japan consumer healthcare business unit to Takeda Consumer Healthcare Company Limited (TCHC), its wholly owned subsidiary.
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company will transfer its Japan consumer healthcare business unit to Takeda Consumer Healthcare Company Limited (TCHC), its wholly owned subsidiary.
Takeda announced its intention to spin-off its Japan Consumer Healthcare Business Unit in February 2016, in order to realize a more agile business model to promptly meet environmental changes and customers' needs in the consumer healthcare market.
The Japan consumer healthcare business unit has been focusing on over-the counter medicines including Alinamin and Benza, and a health food named Midori-no-Shukan.
Read the Takeda press release
Mylan to Shutter Meda's U.S. Headquarters
Perrigo to Acquire U.S. Consumer Goods Distributor
Sun Pharma Expands OTC Biz with Dermatology
Sun Pharma Launches First OTC Drug


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Zbtz984.com is a 1 year old domain.
It was registered by zbtz zb , who can be reached at . The site is owned by zbtz1388. Registration details show that it was registered on 08 Jan 2016 through hichina zhicheng technology ltd. and will expire on 08 Jan 2017.
The site returns a status code of 404.


text:
GDB11: Top o' the morning to you
November 02 2008 12:01AM
What are you doing reading this? Seriously. Like WHAT time does this game start?
We love nothing more than hockey first thing in the morning. Seriously, first the Hallowe'en Massacre Friday night, where we ingested most of a cube of bud light and didn't wear a costume though it was a Hallowe'en party. The "didn't-think-people-were-dressing-up-and-came-straight-from work-with-no-costume-guy. "
Then back to back matinees? WTF?
So Saturday at noon we went to bed super late and woke up super hungover and forgot the game started at one. Then we get a text from Spyn Cycle as we walked through the door that says "I just found out the game started at one. Did you know that?" No. But luckily the Justice League has better time management skills. Seriously we forget everything. We need to gave a carrier pigeon flap against he door to remind us 30 mins before the game starts.
God damn Americans NHL Executives and their love for matinees.
Yeah we went there girlfriend.
Hockey games are best played when it's minus thirty out and you haven't been seen the sun for hours already. Pitch black, not 11 AM - the day after a 1 PM Game and came out of nowhere. Late. Like 8:30 - 9:00 PM in Newfoundland late. This ain't the NFL.
Will the Oilers win two in a row? Man, we hope so. A win today and they can make all the games matinees if it will help.
- Wanye" email@example.com " Gretz
November 02 2008, 11:42AM
Someone should start a petition to get Evanka Osmak on Sportsnet 24/7. Nothing against Rob Faulds, but I can't really jack the hog to him. Not this early in the morning anyway.
November 02 2008, 11:42AM
Can they find anyone more exciting than Rob Faulds to do the oiler games?!?!?
He is as exciting as a heart attack.
November 02 2008, 11:43AM
Wow 2-1 lead and 100 comments on the JL. Not bad for early morning bullshit game
November 02 2008, 11:44AM
ooo Sam & John Tavares...
That would fix his slump.
Wanye, get him a can of Slump Buster.
November 02 2008, 11:44AM
HAHAHA Remember that slump buster? I should go find that pic.
November 02 2008, 11:45AM
Next will be awesome with Eberle on one of those lines. That kid is a hell of a sniper.
November 02 2008, 11:45AM
These fountain tire ads are
November 02 2008, 11:46AM
or maybe we should get sam some of 97st's best
November 02 2008, 11:46AM
Lupul is worse than Comrie...bitch
November 02 2008, 11:46AM
I think Faulds is fine
November 02 2008, 11:47AM
what did he mean by "room service"?
No wonder we are winning...
November 02 2008, 11:47AM
I can't say Lupul
without typing bitch. I know there is no swearing on here but when it comes to Lupul
November 02 2008, 11:48AM
November 02 2008, 11:48AM
LOL you are principled Wanye.
November 02 2008, 11:49AM
HAAHAHAHAHAHAHA Buck75. That is from an old OLD artcle. You must be an original gangster around these parts!
November 02 2008, 11:50AM
I am old school.
It is my face book photo
November 02 2008, 11:50AM
We don't need prizes to attend the Justice League meeting do we?
November 02 2008, 11:51AM
yeah, someone get samwise a fish taco.
November 02 2008, 11:51AM
No way b75 - thats classic. You should search "Wanye Gretz" on facebook. I made a profile to manage the FB group. My only friends are Brownlee, Gregor and MJ from Oilfans.com
That goes for all justice league members of course. I will challenge you all at Jetman!
November 02 2008, 11:52AM
We are friends too Wanye you dick.
November 02 2008, 11:52AM
I would luv a prize to attend this. Although my sore belly laughs will do.
When do we get some OilersNation shwag to buy?!?!?
November 02 2008, 11:53AM
That's true 1011011 my apologies Sir.
November 02 2008, 11:55AM
I added you as a friend now..lol
Evanka on AFTER Rob Faulds...terrible
November 02 2008, 11:56AM
November 02 2008, 11:57AM
that old spice commercial is too much...
What do you mean he is 2 things?
he is a man & a horse, why would some hot girl like him?!?!?
November 02 2008, 11:59AM
fat member?
November 02 2008, 12:00PM
why wouldn't...
you need an edit function here too.
November 02 2008, 12:02PM
I know that is a true comment. I have given up promoting the new website, but something should be up by the end of the week.
I have learned a lot about what pieces of crap some companies are. Learning is fun!
November 02 2008, 12:02PM
I demand a t shirt!
SMac neds to get out there, grab someone and start feeding...
November 02 2008, 12:03PM
here we go!!
November 02 2008, 12:03PM
November 02 2008, 12:04PM
haha, I love the body blows!
November 02 2008, 12:04PM
Cote hangin in
And that is how it's DONE!!!!!
November 02 2008, 12:04PM
blood too
November 02 2008, 12:05PM
November 02 2008, 12:05PM
That was a widow maker of a final punch.
November 02 2008, 12:06PM
November 02 2008, 12:06PM
Hemmer!!! AGAIN!!!
November 02 2008, 12:06PM
2 for hemmer!
'bout time
November 02 2008, 12:06PM
November 02 2008, 12:07PM
I'm stuck at work, internet is filtered (no Oilers broadcast, audio or otherwise). You guys are wicked play by play dudes.
November 02 2008, 12:07PM
2 for hemmer!
'bout time
November 02 2008, 12:07PM
Wanye Gretz Says: November 2nd, 2008 at 12:31 pm It would be sweet if Hemsky decided to dominate today and got a hat trick
Did the site just crash?


text:
The 36-year-old Snow White and the Huntsman actress had to leave baby Jackson at home while she attended last night a Human Rights Campaign gala on Sunday, and confessed it was no easy task.
She said: "He's doing great. It's very hard for me to leave the house now so you know how important this is because I was like standing at the door going, 'Ah, this is so hard!'"
Babysitting duty
Honoured with the Ally For Equality award for her advocacy work for the LGBT community, she told the audience: "Marriage equality is about more than just marriage. It's about something greater. It's about acceptance (...) I will always be your cheerleader and I will always be your friend."
Chelsea Handler hosted the event and joked that despite her aversion to kids, she has managed to maintain her friendship with Charlize.
She told E! News: "I love Charlize. She's got her little baby now, she's a mother. That was almost a reason I stopped being friends with her because I try not to be friends with too many mothers, but we worked through it."
Although she isn't quite ready to sign up for babysitting duty. She added: "I don't think anyone would ask me to babysit."
24.com publishes all comments posted on articles provided that they adhere to our Comments Policy. Should you wish to report a comment for editorial review, please do so by clicking the 'Report Comment' button to the right of each comment.
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International scoop.
What to watch.
Proudly SA.
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Port ElizabethProstaff Holdings (Pty) Ltd
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HousesR 6 850 000
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HousesR 5 250 000


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|5 Star Reviews
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"Once again I was very happy with the gift I purchased for my niece for her 40th. birthday. The gift arrived on time and she was extremely happy with it. I would have no hesitation in using Find Me a Gift services again when the need arises."
Laura Richards | 31/12/15
"Brought this as a gift for my mum, she loves orchids so this was perfect for her, looks very easy to do as everything you need is in the pack, she is just trying to think of a name now. A perfect present for someone that's got everything! "
Sue Weaver | 28/02/15
"This was a present for my mum who loves and grows orchids. She is really looking forward to seeing how they turn out. It was an unusual gift which she will continue to appreciate over time."
Peter Tomsett | 09/01/15
"Brought this as a gift for my wife as she loves orchids, the item arrived on time and well packaged, instructions very easy to follow, can't wait to see it in bloom."
Fiona Pinsker | 12/11/14
"Excellent gift idea. Comes beautifully packaged and will make a great present for a flower lover. This is destined for my father who loves orchids and has had many before but this will be fun for him to try growing one. I think many people would like to get this."


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The Theratrac lumbar traction brace is a very unique and effective therapy mechanism to decompress the spine, and unload the weight on the lower lumbar.
A longitudinal force to the axis of the spinal column is the definition of spinal traction. In other words, pulling parts of the spinal column in opposing directions to change or stabilize damaged spine positions.
The Theratrac is an easy to use, highly functional, and very effective lumbar traction device, giving the user the ability to treat their condition at the most comfortable clinic on earth - their home. For sufferers of lumbar related pain conditions, the Theratrac system assists by decreasing pain symptoms, mitigating muscle spasms and works to decompress the spinal architecture.
Theratrac utilizes pneumatic bladder technology giving it the unique ability to administer a moderate lumbar decompression stretch, to gently contour the innate spinal path. Support and incremental stretching is critical to lumbar traction success; and through the hand pump, the user is in total control.
The Theratrac can be used to treat both injuries, and spinal diseases, providing the user with comfort and effective therapy results over the course of use.
The theratrac is simple to use, fully portable, and comfortable to wear.
Indications for use :
Decompression of the spine
Spinal stenosis
Degenerative disc disease
Lumbar pain acute and chronic
Bulging discs
The Theratrac lumbar traction brace is a very unique and effective therapy mechanism to decompress the spine
Portable, comfortable and convenient.
Offers incremental adjustable pneumatic pressure.
No assembly required.
The Theratrac can be used for pain relief, muscle relaxation and stretching, posture improvement, and a variety of other pain conditions.
Unique pneumatic pump valve – allows for a quick plug n play - inflate and deflate.
Latex free construction with all natural cotton lining.
The theratrac is simple to use, fully portable, and comfortable to wear.
Components & Accessories :
Theratrac lumbar traction device
User instructions – cautions and warnings and operating instructions
Sizing chart (measure around the waist):
Small – 29-33"
Medium – 33-37"
Large – 37-41"
XLarge – 41-45"
XXLarge – 45 – 49"
Materials used: Neoprene foam – 75% and Stretch nylon – 25%.
Read all instructions and cautions and warnings before using.
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My entry to the Playoff, hope you like it! :-)
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Show and tell for designers
What are you working on? Dribbble is a community of designers sharing screenshots of their work, process, and projects.
Copyright © 2009–2017 Dribbble LLC. All screenshots © their respective owners. Shipped from Salem, Mass. USA.


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My other projects are learning piano and Japanese. 僕は日本語を勉強して、だんだん上手になっています。Debussy and Ravel is my favourite.
Podcasts I like include, the dollop; my brother, my brother and me; we hate movies, hardcore history, lore. I like a mix of comedy and informative.
I really like Steven universe, JoJo's bizarre adventure, Yokohama kaidashi kikou.
Favourite movie is probably " Drive".
My jams in terms of music right now is mostly classical, jazzy electronic type stuff and video game soundtracks, like undertale.
Currently reading:
"Helter Skelter" by Kyoko Okazaki
Rat Queens vol 1
"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" by Dee Brown.
parks/nature places
Some kind of instrument
Comfy bed.


text:
New Zealand's cuisine is Pacific Rim, influenced by European colonists, Asian and Polynesian traders and immigrants, and its indigenous people, the Maori. Typical New Zealand foods include lamb, pork, venison, seafood, sweet potato, kiwi fruit, tamarillo, feijoa, and pavlova, the national dessert.
Serves 4
Kina or sea eggs are a staple Maori food for those fortunate enough to live close to the sea. Kina is found at low tide in rock crevices and under ledges of rock. They should only be gathered however in summer when they are sweet. Maori lore says it is best for them to be gathered at low tide on the first, second and third days after a full moon. When opened the shell will be found to contain a mass of fine grit and shell, a purple membrane and five tongues which are red. The tongues should be scraped from the shell with a spoon taking care not to include any membrane or grit.
1. Place alternate layers of kina and breadcrumbs, into a buttered Pie dish finishing with a layer of breadcrumbs.
2. Cover with chopped bacon.
3. Bake at 350 degrees for about 30 minutes until the crumbs and bacon are crisp and the tongues are cooked.
Kiwi Cookbook
by Alan Armstrong
Seven Seas Publishing Pty, 1968
Find additional recipes and information on the Australia page
Back to the main New Zealand page
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This page modified January 2007
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The FDSA Frezzi Dual Shoe Adapter converts a camera shoe mount by providing an additional shoe mount for other accessories such as the Sony wireless mic adapter. The Dual Shoe Adapter also extends the Frezzi Micro-Fill light over the lens hood of Mini-DV cameras removing unwanted shadows.
Length: 5.5 inch.
Width: 1.0 inch.
Height: 1.3 inch.
Weight: 1.9 oz


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You are able to log in as anyone. Be careful!
n49 2000-2015 | N49 is proudly made in toronto
castings, signs, plaques with your school crest on them, ribbons, neck ribbons, carabiners, school bells, fleece wear and much more. Contact us for custom orders, and our in-house production and graphic designers will make ... Read more
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Specializing in trophies and awards for all occasions, GM Trophy Shoppe has been serving the Brampton area since 1983. We provide precise and fast engraving services, all done on our premises to save you time ... Read more
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Signs of aging are a consequence of inflammation
Aging can be best understood as a mismatch between turning on inflammation and turning it off. The anti-inflammatory Zone Diet is; therefore, your best ally in slowing down the aging process.
Our recommended products for turning off inflammatory responses are OmegaRx 2 and MaquiRx. The recommended product in the anti-inflammatory Zone Diet for losing excess body fat that increases inflammation is the Zone PastaRx.
Watch Dr. Barry Sears discuss slowing aging and reducing the risk of Alzheimer's Disease…
|Fabio Giacomini – Surfboarder Slows Down the Human Aging Process
Fabio Giacomini is a well-known Italian surfboard and paddleboard shaper and president of the Italian Sup and Surfing Federation. He decided to try and see if he could feel stronger and healthier by following the Zone. He's also followed the Zone anti-aging program, which slows down the natural human aging process. (Read More)
For a more scientific perspective, read Dr. Sears' presentation on The Use of Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition to Slow the Aging Process.


text:
Mention haggis to a Scotsman and he might just close his eyes and whisper "Macsween" - the name of a family business which has built an international reputation for producing the Scots' national delicacy.
But after half-a-century of trading from a small shop in Bruntsfield, Edinburgh, the Macsweens have opened the world's first purpose-built haggis factory, just off the city bypass at Loanhead. The family has shut up shop, leaving its haggis on sale at a few other established outlets while it concentrates on building a wholesale and export business.
The new factory employs 15 in summer and about 30 during the busy winter months. Its owner, John Macsween, whose father, Charles, started the business in the Fifties, said of leaving the shop in Bruntsfield: "It has been very sad - I practically grew up in that shop. It definitely feels like the end of an era ... although the excitement of planning a factory has helped to take my mind off it. I was worried about the enterprise at first ... mainly because so many people poured cold water over our plans.
"We're just a family business, and starting up a factory is very daunting. But it is all beginning to come right. We're achieving very good sales figures. They are already up 25 per cent on last year, and our annual turnover is now just under pounds 1m."
The family's special recipe is jealously guarded, and Mr Macsween will say only that his raw ingredients consist of lamb offal and beef fat - cooked, minced, mixed with oatmeal, onion and seasoning, and stuffed inside a "natural" skin.
"We export haggis all over Europe but the export market is peanuts compared to the UK market, which accounts for 99 per cent of our trade. We're supplying every city in Britain."
"Haggis is much more widely known than it used to be. I don't think there's a hotel in Scotland that doesn't have it on the menu. Visitors to Scotland love to go home and say that they saw pipers in kilts and drank whisky and tried haggis. I don't think it's true that our shortbread- and-tartan image is despised. In fact we've a lot to be proud of in this country."
- More about:
- Family Business
- Manufacturing
- Porridge


text:
Fresh Pepper Salad
|Green peppers
|Red peppers
|Yellow peppers
|Olive oil
|4 Tablespoon
|Wine vinegar
|2 Tablespoon
|Caster sugar
|1 Teaspoon
|Meraux mustard
|1 Teaspoon
|Canned anchovy fillets
|50 Gram, drained (1 Can, 50 Gram)
|Black olives
|10 (To Garnish)
|To Taste
|To Taste
Preheat the grill to very hot.
Grill the peppers as close to the heat as possible until the skin is charred on all sides.
Rub off the skins under cold running water.
Halve the peppers and remove the cores and seeds.
Slice into thin strips and arrange on a plate.
Mix the oil, vinegar and sugar together with salt and pepper to taste.
Add the mustard and mix well.
Spoon the dressing over the peppers.
Arrange the anchovy fillets in a lattice pattern over the top and garnish with olives.
Cover and chill until required.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 969 Calories from Fat 688
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 79 g121.1%
Saturated Fat 8.6 g43%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 26.5 mg8.8%
Sodium 2948.8 mg122.9%
Total Carbohydrates 58 g19.4%
Dietary Fiber 12.7 g50.9%
Sugars 23.8 g
Protein 15 g29.4%
Vitamin A 190.6% Vitamin C 1713.4%
Calcium 18.4% Iron 27.9%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
Created attachment 632294 [details] [diff] [review]
optimize access to the mFonts array in gfxFontGroup
There's no reason for gfxFontGroup::FontListLength to be virtual; and we can reduce the overhead of accessing the mFonts array by getting the Length and Elements pointer into local variables instead of repeatedly using the nsTArray methods and GetFontAt() within loops.
Created attachment 634600 [details] [diff] [review]
patch, optimize common case in gfxFontGroup::FindFontForChar, and various other loops in font code
Extending this bug to cover more cases where we can optimize by pulling nsTArray::Length() accesses out of loops, etc., and more importantly, optimize gfxFontGroup::FindFontForChar by handling the most common case (a normal character available in the first font of the group) at the beginning of the function.
When reflowing the tinderbox log mentioned in bug 762710 comment 0 on my MBPro, this patch reduces the total time spent in gfxFontGroup::FindFontForChar (as recorded by Instruments) from about 650-700ms to around 260ms.


text:
Free shipping on orders over $75*
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…1 mm neoprene sheds water and resists abrasion for long-lasting protection. * The shock cord band adjusts to snugly fit your kayak's cockpit combing. Tying a simple knot is all it takes! * Important Note: When placing cover on cockpits at the upper end of the two size ranges, it can be a tight fit.…
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Want to protect your young ones from the cold without the hassle of putting on and taking off tight neoprene shirts? Try the KidSkin Jacket from NRS. You'll love the zippered front entry. * Protecting the body's core is critical to heat retention and Terraprene provides superior insulation for…
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…slippage. * Tough 4-mm neoprene surface holds well under pressure. * Tufftex nylon laminate on neoprene sheds water and holds against implosions, while the Infinity coating provides resistance against abrasion around the cockpit combing. * 4-way stretch PowerSpan neoprene tunnel gives a snug fit.
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…with women in mind. * 4 mm diamond-grid neoprene deck provides taut, water-shedding protection. * The bungee rand stretches to fit a wide range of cockpit sizes. * The stretchy 2 mm neoprene tunnel offers a snug, watertight fit without cinching tight like a corset. * Silicone Hyper Grip Treatment…
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…protection against wet and cold. * 3-mm neoprene with titanium laminate adhesive provides protection from cold water. * Glued, blind-stitched and fully taped seams keep the water from seeping through the material, keeping you dry and warm. * The neoprene HydroCuff™ creates a comfortable seal…
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…well in tight kayaks, gives solid footing on shore and works great as a SUP shoe too. * 3-mm Terraprene™ neoprene for outstanding insulation. * Stretchy rubber stabilizing bands provide lateral support without adding bulk. * A flexible reinforcing 2-mm shim in the sole and 7-mm neoprene insole…
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…More tough armored patches provide unmatched protection for paddling, rowing and rope handling. * The back of the hand is 2-mm Terraprene™ neoprene for warmth, with added 3-mm pads for extra protection. * The palm and fingers are constructed of rubberized, armored synthetic leather that gives…
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…comfortable APT (Adjustable Punch-Through) super-stretch neoprene is ideal for people who experience problems or discomfort wearing a drysuit with a latex neck gasket. * Quality Plastic TIZIP® master seal zipper gives you a water tight seal that keeps you safe and warm. * Latex wrist gaskets and…
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…the new styling and features, but it's still your go-to footwear for tight cockpits and protection for put-ins and portages. * Say goodbye to cold, bruised, battered feet and ankles. Stretchy 3 mm Terraprene™ neoprene gives you lots of cushion and warmth. * Soft, fleece-like VaporLoft™…
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…nylon tunnel, we've created a truly universal skirt in the NRS Drylander Universal. * Rugged shock cord fits tight against your kayak coaming. * Tufftex nylon laminate on the neoprene deck sheds water and holds against implosions, while the Infinity coating provides resistance against abrasion…
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…keep water out. * Adjustable hook-and-loop neoprene overcuffs protect your wrist and ankle gaskets. * Self-draining knee and seat patches protect high wear areas. * Factory sealed seams ensure waterproof performance. * Watersports entry zipper seals tight and operates easily. * Lifetime warranty on…
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Classic Cars for sale
1969 Ford Mustang
Plymouth, MI
1969 Ford Mustang VIN: 9T01L148225 The previous owner of this '69 Mustang purchased the car from the gentleman who restored it. The car was... More
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Plymouth, MI
1968 Chevrolet Corvette 427/435 VIN: 194378S418065 In total, this tri-power 427/435 Corvette has had three owners. It started it life in Kentucky, where it... More
Advertiser since 2005
1974 Mercedes-Benz 450SLC Sunroof Coupe
Brook Park, OH
Chassis# 10702412005612 Paint Code: 862G Pine Green Metallic A 1974 Mercedes Benz 450 SLC, sunroof coupe. Pine Green metallic with a tan interior. 103,000 miles. Just came... More
Advertiser since 2011
1955 Mercury Monterey Dash
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Restored 1955 Mercury Monterey dash complete with all knobs, instruments, radio I trim. Ready to install in a vehicle or put on display.... More
1955 Mercury Monterey Monterey
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Restored 1955 Mercury Monterey dash. Red & White, has all knobs ,gauges ,radio.Great for mancave or to reinstall in vehicle... More
1959 Chevrolet Impala Impala
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Completely restored 1959 Impala dash including all knobs and switches, gauges & radio, Ready to install in a vehicle or your mancave. Nice paint,Radio,All gauges,wiper... More
1957 Chevrolet 210 2-Door
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GOOD DRIVER, 350 V8/AUTO, NEW INTERIOR, AND MORE! This is a great price for a 2-door 57 Chevy. This classic starts right up and... More
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1941 Willys Coupe Full Custom chassis & body. 502 ci big block Cevrolet, 8-71 BDS blower 2 750 Demon carburetors, 700 R 4 transmission. Fully... More
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World class custom 1955 Chevrolet Bel Air hard top resto-mod built by Mike Goldman Customs. Over $300,000.00 documented invoices for this build. Additional photos... More
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1958 Chevrolet Impala Hard Top #'s matching. Only 260 miles since complete rotisserie restoration of a rust free body. Rare 315 HP 348 V8... More
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TRUE BARN FIND PUT BACK ON THE ROAD, ONE YEAR BODY! This truck was pulled from the barn this winter and worked on to... More
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1973 PLYMOUTH DUSTER Slant Six automatic trans. 60,000 documented original miles. 3rd owner. Straight, very original car. Needs nothing.... More
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Details coming soon!... More
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Waalwijk, Netherlands
Jaguar E-Type Series 2 cabriolet 1970, restored This really fabulous Jaguar E-Type Series 2 cabriolet is restored in 2017 and was provided with new paint... More
1980 Pontiac Firebird
Lakeland, FL
This rare classic 1980 Pontiac Firebird has a bright red exterior and like new red leather interior. Fully loaded, Believed to be very low... More