text:
We have a current problem where some non-malware apps are placing binary components in the Firefox app components dir. Their components were written for 3.0, and are causing crashes in 3.5. We need to lock this directory down -- they should be adding any extensions/components as an addon, that the user can then see and optionally disable, and that we can blocklist if necessary.
Created attachment 407651 [details] [diff] [review]
something like this
Something like this seems to work.
Manual maintenance of the list is a problem, but not a huge one; ideally in the future we would autogenerate the list from the packaging files, though that would have to be a step done right at the start of the build process, and there's some weirdness here -- e.g. we are locking down the app dir from xpcom, so in an ideal world the app would set a lockdown list of its own components at InitXPCOM time.
If we can do this safely on 1.9.1, I really, really want it.
What legit things might we break doing it?
I'm not ready to say we'll block 18.104.22.168 on this, but I'd love to see some testing in 1.9.2 showing we can do this safely.
We could break any number of things -- we don't tend to see the stuff that goes in there and doesn't crash or otherwise disrupt visibly -- but they are things that the users aren't necessarily aware of being installed.
I'm a little nervous, tbh, about 1.9.2 for this without a beta, since there won't be a chance for integrating-types to repackage as an add-on until they find out in the RC that their integration went away. Not nervous enough to not do it, but I would be pretty receptive to ways to reduce that nervousness! :-)
(In reply to comment #4)
> What legit things might we break doing it?
Depends how you look at "legit" -- I'd say "none", since dropping things in our components dir was never a legit way to do anything...
How will users look at legit? "Something was working before" -- if we don't have stability as a justification, "we told them so" isn't going to impress anyone.
*** Bug 503946 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
I'd like to see how a Makefile.in can say "Allow this component name too". Maybe they can be appended to a .h file which a tier_toolkit C++ file (or tools_tier_xpcom?) can read from when it's compiled?
I'm thinking in terms of a XULRunner app with its own custom binary components. I'd hate to have "browserdirprovider.dll" on the list if I don't have a browserdirprovider built - especially if someone else later creates a binary component with that name and I didn't know about it! That would defeat the purpose of restricting by file name.
(Speaking of which, what prevents an extension from replacing an existing binary component? If it's small enough, the user wouldn't necessarily notice any missing functionality. Perhaps we could use this list of known binary components and mark them protected, or create a hash to validate them. But that's me being paranoid.)
Forgive me if I've asked ignorant questions here.
Yeah, I don't think we'd turn this on for XULRunner apps, at least at first. We can get some experience with Firefox first, since it's the bigger "target". But if you are willing to do the Makefile diving that vlad describes above, I would certainly expect some XULRunner stuff in your patch to be gratefully accepted! :)
This isn't designed to protect against attacks on Firefox; that is a hard battle to win (though we do the hash check on every update, and pave over if there's a mismatch). This is to close off an extension mechanism that "happened to work" but burned us really badly when we went from 3 to 3.5 and a bunch of jammed-in binary components started crashing people. If it doesn't work, people will find another way: add-ons!
Yep, what shaver said. Those are all good questions to ask, though; I'm not really happy with the mechanism that the patch proposes right now, though it's the simplest thing that will work with the least risk. As a followup, I'd like to have the gecko/libxul/GRE components locked down, and then have each app opt-in to the lockdown by passing in a list at xpcom init time. The generic xulrunner runtime could provide some way for apps to pass in that list, though keeping it in a file defeats the purpose since it's easy to add entries :-)
Mossop is working on a patch for 1.9.3 where components are registered using a manifest (eventually chrome.manifest), we are going to stop directory-enumerating to find manifests and just load a single one. So I think we should save the longer-term discussion for the newsgroups and eventually bug 505983 and its relations.
For 1.9.3 we may well not want to load binary components from extensions at all, given a good show by jsctypes, but that'll be good for JS components as well, I suppose!
Comment on attachment 407651 [details] [diff] [review]
something like this
>diff --git a/xpcom/components/Makefile.in b/xpcom/components/Makefile.in
What is this define for, and how does it differ from the makefile MOZ_COMPONENT_LOCKDOWN variable? The autoconf variable seems completely unused at this point.
>diff --git a/xpcom/components/nsAllowedComponentsList.h b/xpcom/components/nsAllowedComponentsList.h
Why are we doing this hardcoded instead of in, say an INI or plaintext file? Are we worried about bad guys appending to the text file?
Generating the list at build time is really really easy.
>+const char *sAllowedAppComponents[] = {
>+#if defined(XP_WIN)
>+ "browserdirprovider.dll",
>+ "brwsrcmp.dll",
>+#elif defined(XP_LINUX)
>+ "browserdirprovider.so",
>+ "brwsrcmp.so",
>+#elif defined(XP_MACOSX)
>+ "browserdirprovider.dylib",
>+ "brwsrcmp.dylib",
>+const char *sAllowedGREComponents[] = {
This is definitely incorrect: missing libdbusservice.so, libimgicon.so, libmozgnome.so, libnkgnomevfs.so are missing.
Finding the list at startup, cross-platform, in a way that doesn't cause a bunch of libraries to already be loaded is a lot of fragile work. And deleting that file would cause Firefox to basically be non-functional, so I'm not really for it. I don't think it adds much to use a text file for it, other than more synchronous I/O at startup.
Actually we could be better off with it, because we could use that file to list the components to register, rather than having to enumerate the directory listing. And finding the list is no problem at all... we can do it per directory-to-search. Proof upcoming.
(In reply to comment #14)
> Why are we doing this hardcoded instead of in, say an INI or plaintext file?
> Are we worried about bad guys appending to the text file?
I'd be worried that anyone already just dumping something in where it really shouldn't be would just find a way to continue to do so if it's easily possible.
They could replace one of our existing components if they care that much. We'll fix it at the next minor update in any case, I think.
I'm more concerned here with those that don't care than those that do. Replacing an existing component is something that clearly sounds bad, whereas just amending some file might sound like the new correct way to the lazy. I'm just advocating that whatever is done to kick out these components not be trivially overridable by someone to "make it work", even temporarily.
Yes, I don't think it's worth the time to put it in a separate file. It doesn't solve a problem we have right now, and it increases the complexity of what we're doing.
Created attachment 409165 [details] [diff] [review]
Alternative, read and build components.list
This is the mostly-baked alternative. It builds and uses components/components.list instead of trawling through the components directory. This patch does not include:
* packaging changes (package-manifest.in)
* changes necessary for universal builds (sorting components.list before packaging)
I kind of explicitly don't want a components list -- there's no reason to have one in the GRE or the app components dir, and the thing we're trying to prevent becomes much harder if they have to hack the firefox binary instead of just appending a line to a text file.
I'm slightly worried about the maintenance burden, especially since the features that would be silently missing are almost all OS-integration features for which we have little automated testing. But overall I don't think we can take this as it is because it will break the -app feature of Firefox, which is used by Prism. We could certainly invent an API XRE_RegisterAllowedComponents and optionally call that with static lists of app components (and have a hardcoded list of XULRunner components somewhere), but that's a fair bit more work than the text list.
We can easily ensure that the components list is reset at every minor update: is that insufficient for ensuring that updates of the browser don't cause instability because of random unversioned components thrown into our application directories?
Hm, I don't understand why it breaks -app -- why would Prism ever have any binary components?
But, as you point out, the list would get reset at every minor update (though it would mean those users would end up getting a full mar) -- shaver, does that sound like a good compromise?
My motivation for compromise is small, but I'll go along to get this along and into the tree. I suspect we'll have people who can't start because of some permission error on that file, or a virus thing, or I dunno from what, but if it's really going to make it hard to commit the patch with a built-in list...
Would it be within the realm of possibility to generate a list at build time but compile it in somehow so there's no separate file to worry about?
Yes, that's entirely possible.
(In reply to comment #26)
> Would it be within the realm of possibility to generate a list at build time
> but compile it in somehow so there's no separate file to worry about?
I believe that's what I suggested in comment 9... a header file.
(In reply to comment #24)
> But, as you point out, the list would get reset at every minor update (though
> it would mean those users would end up getting a full mar)
FWIW, we can force the list to be overwritten with a partial update too.
What's the next steps and ETA here? Hard to tell from the patches and what I'm being told on IRC, and we're waiting for this before the next beta refresh.
(In reply to comment #21)
> * packaging changes (package-manifest.in)
This needs fixing before landing, but it's simple.
> * changes necessary for universal builds (sorting components.list before
> packaging)
My patch in bug 526668 can fix this, we'll just need to add --unify-with-sort "components\.list$$" in the call to unify in build/macosx/universal/flight.mk.
I think bsmedberg's patch needs review by vlad and my patch needs review by bsmedberg, and we'll be good to go.
Comment on attachment 409165 [details] [diff] [review]
Alternative, read and build components.list
Ok, this looks good here -- we'll need followup bugs for:
1) Decide which direction we should fail if we don't have a components.list; right now this fails "safe", that is if that file goes away, it'll load everything in the directory. This has the benefit that addons and other similar things can use components.list as well I think, and leaves us an easy workaround in case we end up breaking something, but it also gives an easy way for people to circumvent this.
2) Figuring out how to protect components.list -- at the security review meeting today, it was suggested we just store a hash in a separate file, and not obfuscate it; but just have a "corrupted" error in case the hash doesn't match. Separate file location would be harder to find without reading the source, at which point we have multiple chances to wave people off what they're doing.
On OS X we could actually hide the file with the kIsInvisible attribute, but that's probably overkill.
Pushed to m-c:
I'll file followups in a few.
Followup bustage fixes:
Remember to land those if this gets branch landed.
Another bustage fix:
This broke running reftest on packaged builds because of the hacky way we package httpd.js there.
Rolled all the bustage fixes into one branch landing:
We should get some tests for this. Should be easy enough to do with xpcshell.
Backed out from 192:
This apparently was causing every test machine to leak. bsmedberg: can you take a look at this when you get a chance?
Comment on attachment 409165 [details] [diff] [review]
Alternative, read and build components.list
> nsresult
> nsComponentManagerImpl::AutoRegisterDirectory(nsIFile *inDirSpec,
> nsCOMArray<nsILocalFile> &aLeftovers,
> nsTArray<DeferredModule> &aDeferred)
> {
>+ nsCOMPtr<nsIFile> componentsList;
>+ inDirSpec->Clone(getter_AddRefs(componentsList));
>+ if (componentsList) {
>+ nsCOMPtr<nsILocalFile> lfComponentsList =
>+ do_QueryInterface(componentsList);
>+ lfComponentsList->AppendNative(NS_LITERAL_CSTRING("components.list"));
>+ PRFileDesc* fd;
>+ if (NS_SUCCEEDED(lfComponentsList->OpenNSPRFileDesc(PR_RDONLY,
>+ 0400, &fd)))
>+ return AutoRegisterComponentsList(inDirSpec, fd,
>+ aLeftovers, aDeferred);
>+ }
Missed this -- we end up leaking fd, don't we? Need a PR_Close(fd) before we return?
Relanded with the PR_Close on 1.9.2, let's see what happens.
And backed out again: http://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-1.9.2/rev/be6eea1b1402
There were still leaks on the M and E boxes and still widespread crashes on Linux talos: Tdhtml, Tgfx, Tsvg, Tjss, Tp4. I looked at the stacks for the former 3, and they all look like this:
0 0xffffe410
eip = 0xffffe410 esp = 0xbf9dc274 ebp = 0xbf9dc298 ebx = 0xb3092bc0
esi = 0xffffffff edi = 0xb6784ff4 eax = 0xfffffffc ecx = 0x00000008
edx = 0xffffffff efl = 0x00000246
1 libglib-2.0.so.0.1400.1 + 0x32592
eip = 0xb6a96593 esp = 0xbf9dc2a0 ebp = 0xbf9dc2f8
2 libglib-2.0.so.0.1400.1 + 0x32ac4
eip = 0xb6a96ac5 esp = 0xbf9dc300 ebp = 0xbf9dc318
3 libxul.so!nsAppShell::ProcessNextNativeEvent(int) [nsAppShell.cpp:081ac0b8126b : 147 + 0x9]
eip = 0xb7b58308 esp = 0xbf9dc320 ebp = 0xbf9dc338
That stack looks a lot like bug 519438 :/
Having slept on it, the only thing I can think of is that the component registration order changed, and some component is doing things when it loads/registers which it shouldn't, such as trying to get services which may not be registered yet.
Should we push a printf patch that spits out failed service access and the libraries that _aren't_ loaded? perf hit, but would give us some data if we can't repro off those machines or try server.
(Or we could grab one of those machines out of the pool; releng is double-plus awesome about that stuff.)
I did some tests on Linux:
Started up: the browser started up to the browser-chrome test window
compared components.list to the actual list of files: no discrepancies
Deleted registration info; sorted components.list using LC_ALL=C (which is often how posix systems will enumerate their directories); browser started up normally.
This definitely points to some components trying to get XPCOM services/components provided by other components when they load or register, which is bad. I tried to write a simple assertion for this case and was foiled by xpconnect. I'm looking at writing a slightly more complex assertion.
There are a number of problems:
- crashes on linux Talos
- leaks on every platform
- odd Windows leaktest box assertion failure
I'm trying to reproduce the latter, but I'm not having any success; it looks like this in the logs (followed by the assertion stack trace):
*** Registering components in: xpconnect_test
*** Registering components in: BrowserDirProvider
*** Registering components in: nsBrowserCompsModule
nsNativeModuleLoader::LoadModule("e:\builds\moz2_slave\mozilla-1.9.2-win32-debug\build\obj-firefox\dist\bin\components\i18n.dll") - load FAILED, rv: 80004003, error:
error 1114
WARNING: NS_ENSURE_SUCCESS(rv, rv) failed with result 0x80040154: file e:/builds/moz2_slave/mozilla-1.9.2-win32-debug/build/caps/src/nsScriptSecurityManager.cpp, line 3317
###!!! ASSERTION: Failed to initialize nsScriptSecurityManager: 'NS_SUCCEEDED(rv)', file e:/builds/moz2_slave/mozilla-1.9.2-win32-debug/build/caps/src/nsScriptSecurityManager.cpp, line 3395
=> mAllocCount: 12902
=> mReallocCount: 22
=> mFreeCount: 12341 -- LEAKED 561 !!!
=> mShareCount: 12542
=> mAdoptCount: 8
=> mAdoptFreeCount: 6 -- LEAKED 2 !!!
Error 1114 is ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED, assuming that's a win32 error; that could be due to an unresolved symbol dependency. Wonder if we're having some interaction with dll blocklisting here? I still can't reproduce this problem on my own builds.
Hmm, that might be unrelated, because it also shows up in the previous checkin's leaktest, which was ted's explicit backout of this patch. But doesn't show up after the latest backout. This is being tracked by bug 527122 apparently, so unrelated to this.
Oh. Of course this is failing -- all the talos/pageloader based tests drop the pageloader component into the components dir (tp-cmdline.js)!
So, this is "working as intended", but a better question is why it's not failing everywhere, including on win32 with the branch (OSX has the same failures) or on the trunk. Looking into that now.
See bug 527458 -- tp-cmdline.js and other stuff is actually in components.list even though it probably shouldn't be, and that followup moves it into a separate bundle directory.
tp-cmdline.js and reftest-cmdline.js doesn't end up in components.list on 1.9.2 or try server, on Linux or OSX. They do end up in there on win32, presumably because the win32 builder builds with --enable-tests and the others don't.
On the trunk, all of our builds seem to be done with --enable-tests, so tp-cmdline.js and reftest-cmdline.js end up in components.list on all platforms.
So one fix here would be to build with --enable-tests everywhere, or a better one (but harder) would be to change how tp-cmdline.js and reftest-cmdline.js get added to the build, potentially adding them to components.list at the same time.. that would likely be the cleanest fix, but I'm not sure how quickly we can make that change.
Previously we didn't --enable-tests in mac release builds because it didn't have a packaging manifest. That's fixed now, so I think that doing --enable-tests across the board is fine. That still leaves bug 527458, but as noted on IRC actually deploying that will require changes to Talos and can be put off... it's just a few console warnings in release builds.
Correct me if I'm being stupid here, but isn't this bug about avoiding unknown binary components? Why does it affect JS components at all?
Because with the components.list approach, it turned into about avoiding all unknown components. I don't think there's any reason to not do that, and it simplifies the implementation considerably.
Created attachment 412033 [details] [diff] [review]
--enable-tests on Linux 1.9.2
tests were already enabled on Mac: this enables tests on Linux for 1.9.2
Benjamin, what would be the easiest way to check if a .js module has been loaded? It would be great to have a way to check the loaded state of those modules. Tools like the Process Monitor only list DLL files.
One more thing: When I remove single entries from components.list or even place an empty file in this folder all modules get loaded in any way. Removing the compreg.dat file doesn't help either. So how do we check for changes and update our list of allowed modules?
--enable-tests landed: http://hg.mozilla.org/build/buildbot-configs/rev/eaeb6dfa0335
components.list on 1.9.2: http://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-1.9.2/rev/98d97c61f984
followup PR_Close fix on trunk: http://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/rev/ad0cbdbcd37a
So the leaks still seem to be there on Linux 1.9.2 only:
s: moz2-linux-slave18TEST-UNEXPECTED-FAIL | automationutils.processLeakLog() | leaked 4984 bytes during test execution
leaked 5 instances of nsBinaryOutputStream with size 16 bytes each (80 bytes total)
leaked 1 instance of nsBufferedInputStream with size 48 bytes
leaked 1 instance of nsBufferedOutputStream with size 56 bytes
leaked 2 instances of nsBufferedStream with size 40 bytes each (80 bytes total)
leaked 10 instances of nsFastLoadFileUpdater with size 240 bytes each (2400 bytes total)
leaked 10 instances of nsFastLoadFileWriter with size 228 bytes each (2280 bytes total)
leaked 1 instance of nsStringBuffer with size 8 bytes
leaked 1 instance of nsSystemPrincipal with size 32 bytes
Only thing I can think of is that this may be a component load order issue, as the patch here doesn't touch fastload at all. Those leaks seem to imply a failure to clean up fastload stuff.
I just filed bug 528630 to track the Linux issue, and am #if 0'ing this out for Linux. This bug is getting too crowded as it is.
(In reply to comment #57)
> One more thing: When I remove single entries from components.list or even place
> an empty file in this folder all modules get loaded in any way. Removing the
> compreg.dat file doesn't help either. So how do we check for changes and update
> our list of allowed modules?
This is covered by bug 528623 now.
For mozilla-1.9.2 this is now disabled on all OSes due to leaks:
To test this, I'd write an xpcshell test something like:
- test file xpcom/tests/unit/test_componentslist.js or something similar
- two simple JS components (don't need to actually do anything, just register factories) at xpcom/tests/unit/components/{one,two}.js
- xpcom/tests/unit/components.list listing only one.js
- test_componentslist.js calls Components.manager.autoRegister(do_get_file("components")), then checks that the contract ID specified in one.js is present, and the contract id specified in two.js is not.
We intentionally break software compatibility. Do we have informed any of the add-ons or software vendors who place some of their files into our components folder? There isn't so much time for those to update their extensions. As example Google Desktop Search will stop working from now on.
Henrik: we've blogged about this quite a bit, and I suppose that you can claim this is "intentionally breaking software compatibility" but throwing DLLs in a components directory and hoping that the software would load them isn't a documented or supported path.
We'll be reaching out to partners, of course, and there are alternative mechanisms for them to do what's needed in order to continue accessing Firefox resources.
You mention GDS; do you have evidence (ie: have tried with a nightly) that it no longer works?
This is documented now.
(In reply to comment #65)
> Henrik: we've blogged about this quite a bit, and I suppose that you can claim
> this is "intentionally breaking software compatibility" but throwing DLLs in a
> components directory and hoping that the software would load them isn't a
> documented or supported path.
Mike, I fully agree with you. I'm only a bit worried about that probably some of the extensions, which are using that not supported way, will not be updated when we release 3.6. Authors will not have much time to get their extensions working the proposed way. I have read Johnathans blog post yesterday and it will be a great help for anyone.
> You mention GDS; do you have evidence (ie: have tried with a nightly) that it
> no longer works?
GDS places three files (GoogleDesktopMozilla.dll, GoogleDesktopMozillaStub.js, and GoogleDesktopMozillaStub.xpt) into the components folder. None of those files will be registered. I'm not sure what extra feature those components offer but it will definitely not work.
Reading through a couple of German forums I have seen that users starting discussions about that feature. Mostly the question arise why the components.list has to exist at all. I was thinking about that too and given the following items why we cannot do the same as with DLL blacklisting? Or do I miss something?
* We always know which components will be whitelisted under the components folder. Otherwise we were not be able to fill that file with content.
* We always overwrite that file with an update.
* We do not want to allow other applications to modify that file.
What is the reason why we are using the components.list file? One downside I see is that we cannot create that list automatically but have update our source if new components get added or existing ones removed. But how often will that happen?
By "do the same" you mean why do we not just embed the list? For simplicity, really; the list of components differs from platform to platform and configure args. It's built up as part of the build process, so the net result is exactly what you built. If we tried to hardcode it (like my original patch did), that file would likely end up being a painful mess to deal with.
(For posterity, since I've lost it a couple times, this was the checkin that eventually turned this feature back on - http://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-1.9.2/rev/57171f47b2bd which occurred just before tagging for 3.6b3).
Marking verified fixed on 1.9.2 based on our test results which are logged here: https://wiki.mozilla.org/QA/Firefox3.6/TestPlan:DLL_Blocklisting#Test_Results
*** Bug 542203 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
This is marked as wanted/needed on the 1.9.1 branch, but would we really make this change in a 1.9.1.x update? It would fix crashes, but would also mysteriously make some things users might want stop working which is not good behavior from a security update.
Not good behaviour except for the part where we stop the browser from being unstable.
How complex and risky is the backport? I remember this change being problematic on trunk ...
I don't think we should try to backport this: enough registration goop was reworked between 1.9.1 and 1.9.2 that there might be hidden side effects.
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text:
Code-switching is one of my favorite pastimes. I do it all the time. You do it all the time, too. Code-switching is—surprise surprise—switching back and forth between codes. A code is a system two or more people use to communicate with each other. You might be thinking that normal people would call this 'language', but
- non-verbal communication also exists (think gestures and facial expressions);
- 'language' is actually a pretty fuzzy term scientifically speaking, for reasons I just typed a long paragraph about, which I then deleted because I wouldn't want you to nod off halfway through the first paragraph;
- even within a strictly verbal context, the term 'code' refers not only to language on a whole but also to more specific varieties of language such as dialect, style (formality), and register (jargon).
As you go about your day, you intuitively adjust your language use to the people you encounter—that's right, accommodation, we've covered this already. You don't talk about subdural hematomas with your five-year-old daughter and most people don't call their boss "bro". Such everyday language adjustments fall within a broad interpretation of code-switching.
Other, more narrow interpretations use the term code-switching to refer to the mixing of codes within a single conversation or sentence, which is where it gets interesting. It gets even more interesting when we limit our scope to the most hardcore version of code-switching, namely bilingual code-switching: switching back and forth between two languages within a single conversation or (most interesting) within a single sentence.
Why do bilinguals code-switch?
Code-switching in fluent bilinguals is not the result of linguistic incompetence. Code-switches tend to be motivated, whether consciously or unconsciously. Some of the motivations that have been uncovered by sociolinguistic research are:
- Lexical accessibility: sometimes a word is more readily available in one of the two languages, for example because it is shorter or easier to pronounce in that language, because it captures what you want to say so much better than its equivalent in the other language, or because you acquired knowledge about the topic in that specific language.
- Emotional distance or, conversely, affection: a bilingual person may feel more comfortable discussing an embarrassing or painful topic in their second language because of the emotional distance this provides; similarly, affection might cause someone to instinctively revert to their mother tongue when babbling to babies or cute little animals.
- Accommodation: you can exclude someone from a multi-participant conversation by switching to a language they don't speak well or at all (divergence), or make someone feel welcome in a conversation by switching to their dominant language (convergence). You might converge to emphasize group identity (identification), or to acknowledge power relations in the conversation (solidarity); I've had professors who were native speakers of English, and, though they were also fluent in Dutch, I always automatically addressed them in their mother tongue as a sign of respect.
The laboratory of life
In his book The Stuff of Thought, America's pet linguist Steven Pinker wrote that "one of the perquisites of research on basic cognitive processes is that you always have easy access to a specimen of the species you study, namely, yourself". One of the perks of being interested in language is that you always have easy access to research data, namely the linguistic output of yourself and the people around you. This is also what's so much fun about being a Dutch/English bilingual specifically: there are a lot of Dutch people who speak English at least well enough to do interesting, creative things on this particular 'language junction'.
Take, for instance, the phrase "Dat maakt geen sense", the literal translation of which is That makes no sense. Makes sense, right? "Dat", that; "maakt", makes; "geen", no; sense, sense. Except sense is not a Dutch word—it's a direct borrowing from English. A Dutch translation of sense in this sense (ha) would be "logica", but the phrase "Dat maakt geen logica" doesn't make any sense at all. No native Dutch speaker would ever say "Dat maakt geen logica". What we say when we want to tell someone that something doesn't make sense, we might say "Dat is niet logisch" (literally That is not logical).
…except this phrase is slightly different. In English, you can tell someone You're making no sense. But in Dutch, "Je bent niet logisch" (literally You are not logical) doesn't make sense. Again, no native speaker would utter this phrase. We would have to resort to a completely different construction, such as "Je praat onzin" (literally You speak nonsense à you're speaking nonsense) or "Ik begrijp je niet" (literally I understand you not à I don't understand you). Can you blame us for wanting to adopt that perfect little word, sense, and that beautiful, effective, multifunctional that makes no-construction?
This Dutch confiscation of an English word and sentence construction is clearly a code-switch motivated by lexical accessibility or convenience. It's not as though the Dutch language is incapable of encoding the meaning of It makes no sense or You're making no sense; it's just that the English encoding is much more elegant and functional, and requires less cognitive effort for bilingual brains. The brain stumbles upon the English phrase first, and chooses to seize onto it rather than expend precious energy searching for a similarly appropriate Dutch equivalent. (And why should it, really? The English phrase is right there.)
Linguistic interference: code-switching gone wrong
Earlier, I said that code-switching is not the result of linguistic incompetence. Sometimes it's hard to tell the difference between code-switching (consciously or unconsciously motivated switches between two languages) and linguistic interference (when a bilingual's languages unintentionally interfere with each other), though. It's hard to justify the phrase "Ik ga shit done doen" (literally I go shit done do) in terms of motivated and explainable language creativity. It's not just that shit and done are English words; it's that done doen is successive use of the same verb, in different languages as well as in different forms: an English past participle and a Dutch infinitive. Creative, sure, but the next time this anonymous contributor to the Interesting Things People Do With Language note in my iPhone wants to let someone know she's gonna go get shit done, she might want to consider trying to stick to one language.
Another example of linguistic interference—and the last one I will mention here, or else you'll be stuck reading about interlingual eccentricities forever—is when the grammatical structure of one language is used as the scaffolding for a sentence in the other language. This happens to me embarrassingly often. "Terwijl ik moet aan mijn scriptie werken" (literally while I have to work on my thesis) is monolingual enough—no code-switch in sight!—but in Dutch, we like to send verbs all the way to the back of the sentence so they can all hang out together and form one big happy verb phrase. "Terwijl ik aan mijn scriptie moet werken" would be the natural Dutch word order here.
Life on the language junction is a continuous affair. We haven't even covered false friends (words that look like they have the same meaning but don't) or lacunae (lexical 'gaps' in a language, i.e. the lack of a term for a concept another language does have a term for) yet, or the endless source of amusement that is Dutch soccer manager Louis van Gaal's epic 'Dunglish' (cringe-worthy Dutch interference in English). Those are matters for another day, though. Right now it's high time to go get other shit done doen.
Image credit: speech balloon | bilingual | makes no sense | hola


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Willis Music Kenwood Galleria
How do I find my child a band instrument?
Renting is an excellent choice.
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-Certified NAPBIRT Repair Center (National Association of Professional Band Instrument Repair Technicians)
Willis Music supports music education by donating a percentage of your purchases back to your child's school music program (See stores or call for details)
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The Steinway & Sons rent-to-own program puts Steinway-designed Boston and Essex grand and upright pianos well within your reach, with rental prices starting at just $69 per month.*
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How do I find my child a band instrument? Renting is an excellent choice. Rental Programs offer low initial
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Quality Inn Gallatin
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Continental Breakfast
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TripAdvisor Reviews Quality Inn Gallatin
Travel Blogs from Gallatin
Nashville bound!
We got a good jump on the day heading to Nashville, TN. Tami cut up some fruit and we hit the road. Our only slowdown besides road construction was a detour to an area with several antique shops in quest of a breadbox. In case you didn't know, I have an affliction with them and thought our trip would be a good place to look! We did make it to Nashville in time to check in and head to the ...
Q & A -Amanda
... The Netherlands,Belgium, Greece, and Italy.
Just kidding. There are so many reasons I could give. O cfourse some of this is different for Jonathan but he made me write the first week so WHATEVER I SAY GOES. I have wanted to do something like this for over half of my life. The specifics have of course changed over the years, as I have gotten older ...
Howdy Ya'll
... doesn't have a great deal to do during the day, especially if you are not a fan of country music. It's the city where you'd love to be able to go on a three day bar crawl. The main touristy street, Broadway, is a long road crammed full of honky-tonks, or country music bars. In between, you can find confectionary shops, souvenir shops and in brilliant Tennessee style, Cowboy Boot Stores. I contemplated buying a pair, but ...
... up Mount Pisgah. Climbed to the top of Pisgah in flip-flops a rocky 30 minute climb. At the top we briefly saw the rolling forested hills before. Cloud came over bringing with it monsoon rain. Spent the next 50 minutes slipping and sliding down the rocky path, drenched and splattered with mud. Saw a small snake on the way down and Josh started freaking out. The ...
Gardens of Babylon
... height: 18px;">
wonder if people look at me and wonder who the nut is that is taking all the photos of the pretty flowers..I love them. I love the sweet fragrant smells, and the beautiful colorful blooms.
Does anyone else take photos ...


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He's a UW Husky. What did anyone expect?
It's rather easy for a 110 pound woman to get a little tipsy during a night out at the bar. But how much alcohol does it take to get a guy who weighs somewhere between 350-400 lbs. to blow nearly a .2? A mind-blowing amount of booze would be required, right? Wow...
1. CB Sidney Jones, Washington 6'0" 181
2. FS Budda Baker, Washington 5'10" 192
3. OLB Tyus Bowser, Houston 6'2" 244
4. ILB Connor Harris, Lindenwood 5'11 241
5. RB James Conner, Pittsburgh 6'2" 240
5c. TE Jeremy Sprinkle, Arkansas 6'5" 256
6. QB Chad Kelly, Mississippi 6'2" 224
7. WR Demore'ea Stringfellow, Mississippi 6'2" 212
7c. DE Collin Bevins, Northwest Missouri State 6'5" 286
2015 MNF Executive Champion!
I'll just be interested to find out if he was out with other Steelers.
- Charles Harris-OLB, Missouri
- Rasul Douglas-CB, West Virginia
- Chris Godwin-WR, Penn State
- John Johnson-S, Boston College
- James Conner-RB, Pitt
- Nazair Jones-DT, North Carolina
- Garrett Sickels, DE/OLB, Penn State
Steel City Mafia
So Cal Boss (Ret)
My son's first Kansas Turkey!
I think Corbin Bryant is looking for a job, still...
WOW! Serious trouble. But I hope the steelers get this young man REAL help. You guys throw him under the bus but let Harrison go. It happens. Let Ben go twice. And to non steeler fans he is a rapist. Overheard it at then titans game. This is a young man who needs help. It is sad he was not thinking about the impact his drinking would have. But most people that have a serious problem it is not till after the fact it hits home. Lets see if he learns anything before we condone him.


text:
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on line
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More Videos...
ford shelby 1000 hp rwd
Italia-verona-motor show 2010
2011 GT500 11.42 at 122 with a 1.73 60ft.
11.42 at 122 with a 1.73 60ft. The car is stock with slicks bolted on for the track and I ice between runs.
2011 GT500 vs. 2003 SVT Cobra
This video was uploaded from an Android phone.


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The benefits of a Masters extend beyond improving your earning potential. They can provide you with personal and professional skills to accelerate your development. They are also an opportunity to differentiate yourself from your peers, many of whom will have similar A-level and undergraduate qualifications.
Earning a Master requires two years of education after earning a Bachelor. This advanced degree may help students to achieve their educational and professional goals, as the rigors of a Master's program help train students in the skills and knowledge they need to land the career of their dreams.
The United States of America is a large country in North America, often referred to as the "USA", the "US", the "United States", "America", or simply "the States". American colleges are funded by "tuition" charged to the student, which is often quite expensive, very commonly reaching into the tens of thousands of dollars per year.
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Designed to provide students with a balance of theoretical concepts and practical approaches to business problems, along with analytical skills, critical thinking, communication, and interpersonal skills. [+]
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The EMBA is designed to provide students with a balance of theoretical concepts and practical approaches to business problems, along with analytical skills, critical thinking, communication, and interpersonal skills.
Emphasis is placed on developing the leadership and team-building abilities needed to manage change and make sound decisions within the framework of a strategic plan. The EMBA program is characterized by students progressing through the program in a cohort group, and by team-based learning, faculty-student interaction, and current and relevant curriculum. Student learning is enhanced by sharing the management experience of classmates who have achieved mid-level to senior-level management positions in business enterprises. ... [-]


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Замеченные торренты:
torrents.ru [необходима регистрация, учет рейтинга]
Tags: 200 Pounds Beauty, Minyeo-Neun Goerowo, 2006, Корейские фильмы, Комедия, Романтика, азиатское кино
«200 Pounds Woman is the kind of movie that will have you laughing out loud and also bopping your head along to the soundtrack. The movie is just a wonderful film that did make me wonder what would happen if I did such an extreme makeover like Han-Na»
«A superb, brilliant movie. Not only did this movie provide lots of laughs, but it was also incredibly heart wrenching.»
«Hanna's heart-felt speech made me teared a bit and it really highlight the importance of us living our life and acknowledging and accepting ourselves as who we are......In all, 200 Pounds Beauty is an entertaining comedy which is worth watching. Its not just merely some brainless comedy but also conveys meaningful messages to the audience.»
«Kim Ah-jung is the reason to see this movie; she brings the same sort of innocent, kind of dorky charm to Han-na at both sizes, always at least a bit out of step with what people expect from someone who looks like she does. She always hits the right note to get the audience to believe in and like Han-na»
«the film stands as one of the best romantic comedies from Korea in recent years. Offering an effective and thoughtful mix of laughs and social commentary, it should manage to win over even viewers who are not normally fans of the form.»
«a perfect movie to watch. The story was great, it make my eyes wide open to see people not from their physics but their personality. The cast did a very great job, and catchy songs they have in this movie»
«But Kim A-jung is the reason to watch this film. I have to say it, Kim A-jung is the bomb. Not only does she look great, but she does all of the singing on her own and she displays a nice instinct for comedy.»
Понравился этот фильм или только собираетесь посмотреть? Поделитесь своим мнением. Приветствуются ссылки на интересные обзоры, постеры или видеоролики.
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Tony Award-nominated composer Andrew Lippa starred as late gay rights pioneer Harvey Milk in his oratorio I Am Harvey Milk, which received its New York premiere Oct. 6 at Avery Fisher Hall. He was joined by Tony Award winner Kristin Chenoweth for the one-night-only event.
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Stick Fight
This project is now closed with a project budget of N/A.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project BudgetN/A
Project Description
This flash animation is my first serious movie that I am making.
It is coming along good.
So far:
Stick figure lifts up and throws bench out of the way.
Headbutt followed by a punch.
Matrix kick causes mian stick to back flip.
He lands and kicks the other stick.
A new person approaches and his head is knocked off.
*Under construction*
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This is your resource to discuss support topics with your peers, and learn from each other.
Dear reader
I just took a picture using my blackberry camera, and suddenly, i
found out that the picture that i took are not shown from the up, and
it doesn't appear from the top. And i need to scroll down to the most
oldest picture which is the most lowest/ down picture from the first
last, and to see my new picture there. Why can't it appear up there,
but it appears from the last?
please reply ASAP !
Thank you
Best regards .
User / Valeria
Hello Valeria and welcome to the BlackBerry® Support Community Forums.
Sorry to hear you are encountering photo issues with your BlackBerry® smartphone.
Can you please provide the device model number and the software version you are using?
Remove your battery followed by your media card. Reinsert the battery first then the media card and check your photos.
Did you use this media card in another device or just this phone?
Come follow your BlackBerry Technical Team on twitter! @BlackBerryHelpBe sure to click Kudos! for those who have helped you.
Click Solution? for posts that have solved your issue(s)!


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Apple iPhone 7: Here Are The Top 7 Rumors
The form factor of the next iPhone may not be changing much, but the camera, processor and headphone jack most likely will be.
30 Hot New Security Products Announced At RSA 2017
From machine learning, to data security, to endpoint security, to SIEM, take a look at 30 new security solutions that were announced at the RSA Conference this year.
CRN Exclusive: Sales Chief Gangi On Eaton's Big Channel Investments And Why Partners Need To Move Faster To IPM, PredictPulse Software
Eaton channel chief Curtiz Gangi sat down with CRN to discuss the company's recurring revenue software sales offensive and why partners are still not moving fast enough to capitalize on the massive shift in the power market.
10 Hot Internet Of Things Certifications For Channel Partners
The channel still has questions around how they can take advantage of the Internet of Things. Here are 10 programs and certifications to help partners get on their feet with IoT.
2017 Channel Chiefs
Check out the 2017 Channel Chiefs, CRN's annual list of the top channel execs, sortable by name or company.


text:
John 18:28-38New International Version (NIV)
Jesus Before Pilate
28 Then the Jewish leaders took Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness they did not enter the palace, because they wanted to be able to eat the Passover. 29 So Pilate came out to them and asked, "What charges are you bringing against this man?"
30 "If he were not a criminal," they replied, "we would not have handed him over to you."
31 Pilate said, "Take him yourselves and judge him by your own law."
"But we have no right to execute anyone," they objected. 32 This took place to fulfill what Jesus had said about the kind of death he was going to die.
33 Pilate then went back inside the palace, summoned Jesus and asked him, "Are you the king of the Jews?"
34 "Is that your own idea," Jesus asked, "or did others talk to you about me?"
35 "Am I a Jew?" Pilate replied. "Your own people and chief priests handed you over to me. What is it you have done?"
36 Jesus said, "My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jewish leaders. But now my kingdom is from another place."
37 "You are a king, then!" said Pilate.
Jesus answered, "You say that I am a king. In fact, the reason I was born and came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me."
38 "What is truth?" retorted Pilate. With this he went out again to the Jews gathered there and said, "I find no basis for a charge against him.
Cross references:
New International Version (NIV)
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text:
Traditional Egg Foo Yong
|Regular strength chicken broth
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Soy sauce
|2 Tablespoon
|Ground ginger
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Liquid hot pepper seasoning
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|Garlic powder
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|1 Tablespoon
|1⁄3 Cup (5.33 tbs)
|Diced cooked pork/Diced cooked ham
|1 1⁄2 Cup (24 tbs)
|Thinly sliced green onion with tops
|2⁄3 Cup (10.67 tbs)
|Bean sprouts
|1⁄4 Pound, coarsely chopped
|Salad oil
|4 Tablespoon
|1⁄4 Pound, coarsely chopped
In a 1 to 2-quart pan combine broth, soy, ginger, hot pepper seasoning, garlic powder, cornstarch, and water; stir until blended.
Cook over medium-high heat, stirring constantly, until bubbly and thickened.
Cover and keep hot.
In a bowl, beat eggs until blended; stir in pork, onions, and bean sprouts.
In a wide frying pan, heat 2 tablespoons of the oil over medium-high heat; add mushrooms and cook, stirring occasionally, until liquid has evaporated.
Lift out with a slotted spoon and add to egg mixture.
Heat 2 more tablespoons oil in pan over medium-high heat.
When oil is hot, pour egg mixture into pan in 1/4-cup portions; shape each portion into a patty (you can cook 3 or 4 at a time).
Cook patties, turning once, until golden on both sides (about 3 minutes total); remove from pan and keep warm.
Repeat until all egg mixture is used, adding more oil as needed.
Pour hot sauce over patties and serve at once.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1489 Calories from Fat 980
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 110 g169.3%
Saturated Fat 19.3 g96.4%
Trans Fat 1.1 g
Cholesterol 1374.6 mg458.2%
Sodium 3518.1 mg146.6%
Total Carbohydrates 46 g15.2%
Dietary Fiber 5.7 g22.6%
Sugars 16.9 g
Protein 86 g171.4%
Vitamin A 70.6% Vitamin C 67%
Calcium 21.6% Iron 49.9%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
Men's White T-joe Panelled Mohawk T-shirt
Embrace edgy modern style with this T-Joe T-shirt from Diesel. Fashioned from pure cotton and decorated in distinctive panelled Mohawk graphic, it will combine easily with slim jeans and leather boots for a streetwise look. Diesel. Regular. 100% cotton. Crew. Graphic. Short Sleeve. Machine washable. Color: white


text:
Weather Widget
This project was successfully completed by agoldust for $350 USD in 10 days.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Completed In10 days
Total Bids4
Project Description
We are looking for some flash files/widgets for digital signage display.
First, we want a weather widget/flash/exe that can shows
A ) Current weather + 5 day weather forecast
The file will be designed such that the data will be taken from an XML
or Google or Yahoo or better HK observatory.
It should support 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratio.
Besides, we have other ongoing projects requiring flash & hope to develop ongoing relationships with designers.
If you considered for this project, please provide samples directly in your bid/quote.
The date of whole delivery will be 2 weeks.
Completed by:
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Higdon Real Estate
Higdon is located in Alabama. Higdon, Alabama has a population of 1,518. Higdon is more family-centric than the surrounding county with 51.91% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 32.83%.
The median household income in Higdon, Alabama is $39,706. The median household income for the surrounding county is $36,853 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Higdon is 29.3 years.
Higdon Weather
The average high temperature in July is 89 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 27.6 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 54.3 inches per year, with 1.2 inches of snow per year.
Higdon Map
Higdon real estate offices
Real estate near Higdon
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Transposh adds best of breed translation support to wordpress, 92 languages are automatically translated and can be manually corrected with ease.
We are working really hard to make this the best possible wordpress translation plugin available, feedback from the community is what made the plugin so great
You can find them on our site here
Requires: 3.3 or higher
Compatible up to: 4.1.15
Last Updated: 2 years ago
Active Installs: 20,000+
0 of 1 support threads in the last two months have been marked resolved.
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preworkout help
View Single Post
Bigger, Stronger, BAMA!
Max Brawn
Join Date: Nov 2010
Location: Virginia Beach, VA
Posts: 5,253
Training Exp: 8
Training Type: ARGH!!!
Fav Exercise: Squats
Fav Supp: Deadlifts
Reputation: 293105
Originally Posted by
Guys i love the feeling of a quality pre workout but i have a problem, im very stim tolerant, as a child i had adhd, ive tried so many pre workouts jacked, no xplode,muscle marinade, green magnitude,animal rage powder, k otic, nano vapor, superpump 250, superpump max, many more, The only 2 that i have ever felt is no xplode and jacked! k otic somewhat hit me aswell, is there a certain ingredient profile in these 2 that separates them, i have been hearing i should try 1mr or no shotgun
Why do you feel you need one? What benefits do you think you will receive? I am not sold on the NEED for them. I admit that occasionally I like the jolt from the extra caffeine and the tingly feeling from the Beta- alanine.
David, Husband, Father, Pastor
(Yasen Miroslav Zavadil)
Getting focused to get better.
"If there is nothing you can improve on, your standards are too low!" - BAMA Strength Coach Scott Cochran
1Co 9:27 But I discipline my body and keep it under control, lest after preaching to others I myself should be disqualified
My training Log
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text:
Humans have evolved as a migratory species with the highest fertility shown by those who move first into unoccupied habitats, a new study suggests.
Women among the first "wave front" of migrants into a new area marry earlier and have more children than women who settle in the central "core" of a region that already has an established population, the study found.
Scientists believe the findings demonstrate the importance of being in the first migratory wave of people who move to new, unoccupied regions.
They believe it sheds important light on how humans have evolved since they first began to move out of Africa about 50,000 years ago.
"We find that families who are at the forefront of a range expansion into new territories had greater reproductive success. They had more children and more children who also had children," said Damian Labuda of the University of Montreal. "As a result, these families made a higher genetic contribution to the contemporary population than those who remained behind."
The study analysed parish records in the region of Charlevoix-Saguenay Lac St-Jean dating from 1686, when the first Europeans began to colonise Quebec, to 1960. Analysing the extended genealogies of hundreds of families, involving more than 1 million people, allowed the scientists to determine which of the pioneering families left the greatest number of descendants.
The scientists found that women on the front of the migratory expansion into the virgin territories of Quebec married on average a year earlier than women who lived in the core population. They also had up to 20 per cent more children.
The scientists said the study, published in the journal Science, focuses on a farming community and may not be directly relevant to the hunter-gatherer societies that dominated much of the evolutionary history of humans.Reuse content


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Supplier: Top10ERP.org
Description: , production scheduling issues including bottlenecked work centers or projected late deliveries, material requirements planning whether material is bought to stock or directly to the job, real time labor and costing information with bar-coded transaction processing, and delivery/shipping informationShow More
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Description: The Indianapolis Water Company developed computer software to improve the productivity of its customer service operations. The software measures, routes, schedules, and maps customer field service activities. The software uses customer location, time of day, type of service, and time elementsShow More
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Description: training software available. Learn GD&T on your own terms as you work through the course at your own pace, and when it fits into your schedule. The course contains 28 lessons that explain the terms, symbols, modifiers, rules, and basic concepts of geometric tolerancing as prescribed in ASME
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Standards and Technical Documents - Fieldbus - Key to Diagnostics and Efficient Instrument Management - ISA TECH 1997
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Technical Books - The Cognitive Dynamics of Computer Science:Cost-Effective Large Scale Software Development -- 9780470036440
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Supplier: Roth & Rau - Ortner USA, Inc.
Description: that maintains your equipment on your schedule, when you need them. This permits you to reduce the expense of a full-time maintenance staff even during off-peak and down-time cycles. Our on-site specialists are supported in their daily work by our own dedicated team of mechanical, electronics and software
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Automated Voice Answering Systems - Executive Voice ProphetVoice Light 2 port/10 hour Voice.. -- PVL-210Supplier: TelephoneStuff.com
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Description: of the four interfaces for universal connectivity. Interfaces include FireWire 400, FireWire 800, eSATA, and USB 2.0 and work with both PCs and Macs. The fast transfer rates are ideal for creative professionals or those that require massive storage. The 2big Quadra works with applicationsShow More
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Description: by the French armed forces and its partners (Belgium, Italy, Germany, Greece and Spain). The first CSO satellite is scheduled to enter orbit in 2016. The contract also includes an option for a third satellite. As prime contractor for the CSO satellites programme, Airbus Defence and Space will provideShow More
Educational and Training Software - Writing Statements of Work -- GSA Schedule Global Knowledge Training LLC 2983VSupplier: TestMart
Description: GSA prices. Type: GSA Schedule Calibration: New Warranty: 1 Year Shipping: FOB Destination Ships in: 8 Weeks Country of Origin: United States GSA Schedule: GS-35F-0311R Exp.:02 Feb. 2015 DUNS: #08-643-8152 Tax ID: 94-3310442 CAGE code: 1RPN6 DODAAC: Q90079 Small business credit appliesShow More
Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) Software - EnterpriseIQ Manufacturing Work Orders Software
Description: The difference between what is on-order and what is in inventory forms the work order. Scheduled work orders create the timely demand for the procurement of required materials. The IQMS user friendly screens make managing Work Orders effortless. Save hundreds of man-hours weekly by having WorkShow More
Supplier: Intergraph Corporation
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Supplier: JIT Global Enterprises, Inc.
Description: At JIT Global Enterprises, our prototyping process is the driving force behind the innovative attitude that has motivated us in supplying high quality, cost effective prototype parts against expedited delivery schedules. JIT has worked in numerous industries and strive to be the best for any
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- Industry Served: Aerospace / Avionics, Agriculture / Forestry, Automotive, Electronics / Semiconductors, Energy / Utility, Marine, Medical / Health Care, Military / Defense, Pharmaceutical / Biotech, Telecommunications
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- Intel Core i3 2nd Gen 2365M (1.40 GHz)
- 4 GB Memory 500 GB HDD
- Intel HD Graphics 3000
- Touchscreen
- 1366 x 768
- Windows 8 64-Bit
This review is from: ASUS VivoBook V400CA-DB31T Notebook Intel Core i3 2365M (1.40GHz) 4GB Memory 500GB HDD Intel HD Graphics 3000 14.0" Touchscreen Windows 8 64-Bit
Very nice for the price.
Don't forget there are different VivoBook models.This is the lowest version.
4 gigs of memory is the max.
Other Thoughts:
I purchased this to replace a Toshiba net book, keyboard going bad. I don't use the touch screen, normally..I use Start8 for the Win 7 start menu. and a mouse. It does run Win 8 64bit which makes it run faster than 32 bit.
Except for computer that mimics a smart phone I like Win 8.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes / No Thanks for the valuable feedback you provided!


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The sys admin's daily grind: OpenRhineRuhr
Regional Fair
According to Goethe, the best way to gain an education is to travel. Sys admin Charly went to Oberhausen, Germany, for the OpenRhineRuhr fair last week.
I love open Linux fairs – that is, fairs where corporations rub shoulders with clubs, user groups, and other non-commercial exhibitors. The largest fair of this kind in Germany has to be LinuxTag, but some regional fairs try to emulate it. In Oberhausen, about half an hour's drive from where I live, the Rhine Industrial Museum recently provided the exhibition hall for the OpenRhineRuhr fair.
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Munich Plans to Ditch Linux and Go Back to Windows
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