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Environmental reconstruction and biostratigraphy of late Middle Pleistocene lakeshore deposits at Schöningen.
Urban, Brigitte; Bigga, Gerlinde
The Pleistocene sequence of Schöningen provides a key link between unglaciated and glaciated areas in western Central Europe and is an important point of reference for the subdivision of the glaciated late Middle Pleistocene. This locality yields paleoecological and geological evidence of at least four interglacial periods prior to the Holocene and younger than the Elsterian glaciation. The Pleistocene deposits at Schöningen are valuable archives of climate, landscape, and human evolution, containing outstanding information on past environmental changes and human adaptation. This paper presents paleoenvironmental and biostratigraphical results from the Middle Pleistocene archaeological lakeshore site of Schöningen, focusing on the so-called reference profile Schöningen 13 II of 2003. We discuss the lithological, palynological, and macrobotanical evidence and present a revised subdivision and reinterpretation of late phases of the Reinsdorf Interglacial. PMID:26638875
Overview and new results from large-scale excavations in Schöningen.
Serangeli, Jordi; Böhner, Utz; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Conard, Nicholas J
Archaeological finds including spears, other wooden artifacts, lithic artifacts, and bones with impact scars and cut marks document the repeated presence of hominins on the shoreline of an approximately 300,000 year old lake near Schöningen in Northern Germany. Continuing excavations have uncovered in the locality "Schöningen" at least 20 sites dating to the late Lower Paleolithic. Schöningen is therefore not only a singular archaeological site with remarkable finds; it is a vast locality that preserves a multifaceted archaeological landscape with numerous sites. Ongoing excavations have exposed several large surfaces with organic materials dating to MIS 9. In particular, recent excavations have uncovered new sections belonging to the original Spear Horizon from Schöningen 13 II-4 (the Horse Butchery Site). Current research in Schöningen places the exceptional artifacts within a spatial and environmental context, and provides a wealth of new information on the subsistence strategies and settlement dynamics of the inhabitants of these short-term lakeside occupations. Schöningen, with an overall excavated area of 9400 m(2), is one of the largest excavated archaeological localities from MIS 9. Here we present a summary of all the sites, as well as the most relevant excavated areas since 2008 (excavations Tübingen/NLD). PMID:26596727
The age of the Lower Paleolithic occupation at Schöningen.
Richter, Daniel; Krbetschek, Matthias
Thermoluminescence (TL) data are presented for eight samples of heated flint collected at the archaeological site of Schöningen 13/I-1 (Cycle I), for which a Holsteinian age is suggested by palynology of stratigraphically similar positions within a cyclic sedimentological model for the Quaternary sequence of Schöningen. Although the fire responsible for the zeroing of the TL-signal cannot be unequivocally attributed to human activities, any time difference between a natural fire and the human occupation is negligible for a site of this antiquity. The weighted mean age of 321 ± 16 ka places the last heating of the flints nominally in the age range of Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 10 to 8. By inference this data would suggest an attribution of the Holsteinian to MIS 9 and may also serve as a maximum age estimate for the spear site of Schöningen 13/II-4 (Cycle II). Considering the chronometric data available and following an alternative sedimentological model the age of these two sites at Schöningen can be considered as belonging to the same climatic cycle. This suggests an attribution to MIS 9, and by inference provides an age estimate of 337-300 ka for the oldest spears in human history. PMID:26212768
Residue and microwear analyses of the stone artifacts from Schöningen.
Rots, Veerle; Hardy, Bruce L; Serangeli, Jordi; Conard, Nicholas J
Stone artifacts from Schöningen 12 and 13 were examined microscopically to identify residues, wear, and manufacturing traces in order to clarify their possible anthropogenic origins and their function. We present evidence showing that the stone tools were used for working wood and hide and for cutting meat. The results from the use-wear and residue analyses proved complementary in several instances. Suggestive evidence of hafting was observed on a few pieces, which is particularly interesting given the identification of wooden hafts at the site. The positive results of this analysis demonstrate the efficacy and potential of these techniques for Lower Paleolithic sites such as Schöningen. PMID:26387038
On the evidence for human use and control of fire at Schöningen.
Stahlschmidt, Mareike C; Miller, Christopher E; Ligouis, Bertrand; Hambach, Ulrich; Goldberg, Paul; Berna, Francesco; Richter, Daniel; Urban, Brigitte; Serangeli, Jordi; Conard, Nicholas J
When and how humans began to control fire has been a central debate in Paleolithic archaeology for decades. Fire plays an important role in technology, social organization, subsistence, and manipulation of the environment and is widely seen as a necessary adaptation for the colonization of northern latitudes. Many researchers view purported hearths, burnt wooden implements, and heated flints from Schöningen as providing the best evidence for the control of fire in the Lower Paleolithic of Northern Europe. Here we present results of a multianalytical study of the purported hearths along with a critical examination of other possible evidence of human use or control of fire at Schöningen. We conclude that the analyzed features and artifacts present no convincing evidence for human use or control of fire. Our study also shows that a multianalytical, micro-contextual approach is the best methodology for evaluating claims of early evidence of human-controlled fire. We advise caution with macroscopic, qualitative identification of combustion features, burnt flint, and burnt wood without the application of such techniques as micromorphology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, organic petrology, luminescence, and analysis of mineral magnetic parameters. The lack of evidence for the human control of fire at Schöningen raises the possibility that fire control was not a necessary adaptation for the human settlement of northern latitudes in the Lower Paleolithic. PMID:26087650
Excavations at Schöningen and paradigm shifts in human evolution.
Conard, Nicholas J; Serangeli, Jordi; Böhner, Utz; Starkovich, Britt M; Miller, Christopher E; Urban, Brigitte; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs
The exceptional preservation at Schöningen together with a mixture of perseverance, hard work, and sheer luck led to the recovery of unique finds in an exceptional context. The 1995 discovery of numerous wooden artifacts, most notably at least 10 carefully made spears together with the skeletons of at least 20 to 25 butchered horses, brought the debate about hunting versus scavenging among late archaic hominins and analogous arguments about the purportedly primitive behavior of Homo heidelbergensis and Neanderthals to an end. Work under H. Thieme's lead from 1992 to 2008 and results from the current team since 2008 demonstrate that late H. heidelbergensis or early Neanderthals used sophisticated artifacts made from floral and faunal materials, in addition to lithic artifacts more typically recovered at Lower Paleolithic sites. The finds from the famous Horse Butchery Site and two dozen other archaeological horizons from the edges of the open-cast mine at Schöningen provide many new insights into the technology and behavioral patterns of hominins about 300 ka BP during MIS 9 on the Northern European Plain. An analysis of the finds from Schöningen and their contexts shows that the inhabitants of the site were skilled hunters at the top of the food chain and exhibited a high level of planning depth. These hominins had command of effective means of communication about the here and now, and the past and the future, that allowed them to repeatedly execute well-coordinated and successful group activities that likely culminated in a division of labor and social and economic patterns radically different from those of all non-human primates. The unique preservation and high quality excavations have led to a major paradigm shift or "Schöningen Effect" that changed our views of human evolution during the late Lower Paleolithic. In this respect, we can view the behaviors documented at Schöningen as a plausible baseline for the behavioral sophistication of archaic hominins
Investigation of equid paleodiet from Schöningen 13 II-4 through dental wear and isotopic analyses: Archaeological implications.
Rivals, Florent; Julien, Marie-Anne; Kuitems, Margot; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Serangeli, Jordi; Drucker, Dorothée G; Bocherens, Hervé; Conard, Nicholas J
The paleodietary traits of the equid population from Schöningen 13 II-4 were investigated through tooth mesowear and microwear analyses, as well as stable isotopic analyses. The mesowear pattern observed on the upper teeth indicates a low abrasion diet with a significant amount of browse in the diet of the horses. The tooth microwear analysis and the isotopic data confirm that the horses from Schöningen 13 II-4 were mixed feeders, like many populations from other Pleistocene localities in Northern and Eastern Europe. Microwear also provides information on seasonal changes in the diet of the horses and offers the possibility to test hypotheses about the presence of one or several horse populations. Our analysis determined that the assemblage of horse remains from Schöningen 13 II-4 resulted from multiple accumulation events, which took place at different periods of time. PMID:25242064
Characterizing the Lower Paleolithic bone industry from Schöningen 12 II: A multi-proxy study.
Julien, Marie-Anne; Hardy, Bruce; Stahlschmidt, Mareike C; Urban, Brigitte; Serangeli, Jordi; Conard, Nicholas J
Although preservation of Paleolithic faunal assemblages from open-air settings is often poor, the Lower Paleolithic sites of Schöningen provide exceptionally well-preserved mammalian faunal material for investigating hominin/animal relationships. Pleistocene fossil assemblages, however, usually reflect a complex taphonomic history in which natural and anthropogenic processes are often superimposed. A number of examples of osseous finds that resemble tools were recently discovered in the MIS 9 deposits of Schöningen 12 II. Non-anthropogenic agents are known to produce surface modifications mimicking human artifacts and the identification of osseous remains used and/or deliberately modified by ancient hominins is often controversial in such old contexts. Multiple lines of evidence are thus useful for distinguishing between osseous artifacts and "eco-facts". In this paper, the recognition of the use of bone for different technological purposes by late Middle Pleistocene hominins is addressed through a multi-proxy study combining geoarcheology, bone taphonomy, zooarcheology, and use-wear analysis. This allowed the identification of the processes and agents responsible for the formation and modification of the different bone assemblages of Schöningen 12 II. Our analysis points to different types of bones having been likely used as tools. These results expand the diversity of the organic technological repertoire of the Middle Pleistocene hominins, making Schöningen 12 II a remarkable new source of information on osseous technology long before the Upper Paleolithic, the period traditionally viewed as the start of the systematic use of bone tools. Together with other observations of bone tools documented during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, the results from Schöningen show that archeologists may have underestimated the diversity and importance of osseous technology among archaic hominins. PMID:26651609
The depositional environments of Schöningen 13 II-4 and their archaeological implications.
Stahlschmidt, Mareike C; Miller, Christopher E; Ligouis, Bertrand; Goldberg, Paul; Berna, Francesco; Urban, Brigitte; Conard, Nicholas J
Geoarchaeological research at the Middle Pleistocene site of Schöningen 13 II-4, often referred to as the Speerhorizont, has focused on describing and evaluating the depositional contexts of the well-known wooden spears, butchered horses, and stone tools. These finds were recovered from the transitional contact between a lacustrine marl and an overlying organic mud, originally thought to be a peat that accumulated in place under variable moisture conditions. The original excavators proposed that hominin activity, including hunting and butchery, occurred on a dry lake shore and was followed by a rapid sedimentation of organic deposits that embedded and preserved the artifacts. Our geoarchaeological analysis challenges this model. Here, we present evidence that the sediments of Schöningen 13 II-4 were deposited in a constantly submerged area of a paleolake. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that the artifacts were deposited during a short, extreme drying event, there are no sedimentary features indicative of surface exposure in the sediments. Accordingly, this paper explores three main alternative models of site formation: anthropogenic disposal of materials into the lake, a geological relocation of the artifacts, and hunting or caching on lake-ice. These models have different behavioral ramifications concerning hominin knowledge and exploitation of the landscape and their subsistence strategies. PMID:26341030
The behavioral and cultural stratigraphic contexts of the lithic assemblages from Schöningen.
Serangeli, Jordi; Conard, Nicholas J
Within the various archaeological horizons in Schöningen, the presence of hominins is repeatedly demonstrated by the recovery of stone artifacts, broken bones, and bones with cut marks. The Spear Horizon, 13 II-4, with its ca. 1500 stone artifacts and ca. 12,000 faunal remains, represents by far the richest archaeological layers in Schöningen. Systematic waterscreening over a period of 15 years has fostered the recovery of numerous small flakes that otherwise would have remained undetected. Based on the stone artifacts published by H. Thieme and the lithic artifacts recovered from the ongoing excavations of the University of Tübingen and the Archaeological Heritage Office of Lower Saxony since 2008, we present here the main aspects of these lithic assemblages. The main features of the lithic assemblages recovered from the different find horizons and concentrations provide a consistent signature, suggesting a robust and repetitive technological strategy. The assemblages, which are made of local, high quality flint, lack handaxes and are clearly not related to the Acheulean. Intensely retouched scrapers, as well as denticulates, notched pieces, and points on thick flakes, angular debris, and non-anthropogenic thermal spalls are the most numerous retouched forms. The assemblages also contain a smaller number of thinner forms. Reduction sequences are short and Levallois technology is absent. Although some of the retouched forms are reminiscent of the Middle Paleolithic, the relatively non-standardized short reduction sequences technically oriented toward the production of thick and broad flakes are consistent with a classification in the late Lower Paleolithic. PMID:26311252
The Spear Horizon: First spatial analysis of the Schöningen site 13 II-4.
Böhner, Utz; Serangeli, Jordi; Richter, Pascale
The Spear Horizon (Schöningen 13 II-4) from Schöningen, Lower Saxony, Germany, is one of the most important archeological sites dating to the Middle Pleistocene. Until today, the numerous finds have only been published individually, often outside of their context. Here we present for the first time the distribution map of the Spear Horizon together with a spatial analysis of the different categories of remains (flint, bones, and woods). The finds are situated in a 10 m wide belt, which runs parallel to a former lakeshore. The distribution of faunal remains correlates closely with the distribution of flint artifacts and wooden objects. We have been able to distinguish five different sectors that can be aligned with different events or activities. The greatest density of finds was evident within an area of 11 × 15 m, where most of the horse skulls were recovered. Some of the square meters contain more than 150 finds. During the excavation the profiles were continually documented and these data help us to reconstruct the shoreline of the paleo-lake with considerable accuracy. Over a distance of 60 m, the thickness and density of the organic mud and peat layers could be reconstructed in high resolution. The distribution of finds shows no preferred orientation or selection through size. The analyses only indicate small-scale dislocations and limited taphonomic alterations. The fraction of lithic artifacts with size ranges less than 2 cm are preserved, while some smaller bone fragments are missing. Most of the wooden artifacts are in-situ, but were deformed by the ice load during the Saalian ice age. While some small charcoal remains as well as a burnt artifact have been observed, there is no evidence of burnt bones. Our results allow a first insight into the formation history of the site. PMID:26626956
The European saber-toothed cat (Homotherium latidens) found in the "Spear Horizon" at Schöningen (Germany).
Serangeli, Jordi; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Starkovich, Britt M; Verheijen, Ivo
The 300,000 year old Lower Paleolithic site Schöningen 13 II-4 became world famous with the discovery of the oldest well-preserved and complete wooden spears. Through ongoing excavations, new archaeological discoveries of scientific importance are still being made from the same archaeological layer where the spears were found. In this context, remains of a rare carnivore species, the European saber-toothed cat (Homotherium latidens), were recovered. Here we present five teeth and one humerus fragment that are unambiguously from two individual saber-toothed cats. The humerus is a unique specimen; it shows evidence of hominin impacts and use as a percussor. The Homotherium remains from Schöningen are the best documented finds of this species in an archaeological setting and they are amongst the youngest specimens of Homotherium in Europe. The presence of this species as a carnivore competitor would certainly have impacted the lives of late Middle Pleistocene hominins. The discovery illustrates the possible day-to-day challenges that the Schöningen hominins would have faced and suggests that the wooden spears were not necessarily only used for hunting, but possibly also as a weapon for self-defense. PMID:26505304
Lower Paleolithic bone tools from the 'Spear Horizon' at Schöningen (Germany).
Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Parfitt, Simon A; Serangeli, Jordi; Bello, Silvia M
The Lower Paleolithic locality of Schöningen 13 II-4 is famous for the discovery of wooden spears found amongst the butchered remains of numerous horses and other large herbivores. Although the spears have attracted the most interest, other aspects of the associated artifact assemblage have received less attention. Here we describe an extraordinary assemblage of 88 bone tools from the 'Spear Horizon.' This sample includes numerous long-bone shaft fragments (mostly of horse), three ribs used as 'retouchers' to resharpen flint tools, and a complete horse innominate that was used as an anvil in bipolar knapping. Most of the retouchers were prepared by scraping the diaphysis of fresh and dry long-bones. Technological analysis of the associated lithic assemblage demonstrates exhaustive resharpening to maintain functional cutting edges. Whereas the flint tools were brought to the site, curated, and maintained, the retouchers had a shorter use-history and were either discarded after a limited period or broken to extract marrow. Horse and bison metapodials with flaked and rounded epiphyses are interpreted as hammers used to break marrow bones. Several of the 'metapodial hammers' were additionally used as knapping percussors. These constitute the earliest evidence of multi-purpose bone tools in the archeological record. Our results highlight the advanced knowledge in the use of bones as tools during the Lower Paleolithic, with major implications for understanding aspects of non-lithic technology and planning depth in early hominins. PMID:26653208
The Middle Pleistocene tunnel valley at Schöningen as a Paleolithic archive.
Lang, Jörg; Böhner, Utz; Polom, Ulrich; Serangeli, Jordi; Winsemann, Jutta
Schöningen represents one of the key sites for Lower Paleolithic archaeology in central Europe, where a Middle to Late Pleistocene sedimentary succession, locally up to 45 m thick, has been preserved in an Elsterian tunnel valley. After deglaciation, the tunnel valley remained underfilled and provided the accommodation space for Holsteinian interglacial deposition and also kept the artifact-bearing strata below base level for subsequent erosion. The Holsteinian (MIS 9) succession consists of laterally and vertically stacked lacustrine delta systems, which were controlled by repeated lake-level changes. In the face of changing climatic and environmental conditions the long-lived interglacial lake provided an attractive site for animals and early humans. Artifacts were deposited on the subaerial delta plain and became embedded during lake-level rise. Although the area was considerably affected by erosion and glacitectonic deformation during the subsequent Saalian glaciation, the artifact-bearing Holsteinian strata were preserved in the deeper part of the tunnel valley. Tunnel valleys should be regarded as potential archives for interglacial deposits, which may contain important Paleolithic sites. Tunnel valleys may provide accommodation space and also have a high preservation potential. Interglacial lakes situated within underfilled tunnel valleys represented attractive sites for animals and early human hunter-gatherers. PMID:25747317
New insights on the wooden weapons from the Paleolithic site of Schöningen.
Schoch, Werner H; Bigga, Gerlinde; Böhner, Utz; Richter, Pascale; Terberger, Thomas
The Paleolithic site of Schöningen is famous for the earliest known, completely preserved wooden weapons. Here we present recent results of an ongoing analysis of the nine spears, one lance, a double pointed stick, and a burnt stick dating to the Holsteinian, c. 300 kyr. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses, as well as studies of thin sections, contribute to a better understanding of the manufacture of the wooden weapons. They were deposited in organic sediments at a former lakeshore among numerous bones of butchered horses. In general, the spears are extremely well-preserved and show no or little sign of taphonomic alteration, although some of the weapons are broken and parts were slightly moved, probably by water action. The excellent preservation conditions provide considerable information on the operational sequence of production. The hunters selected thin trunks of spruce or pine and initially stripped off the bark. Traces of cutting, scraping, and smoothing can be observed on the spear surfaces in detail. In the case of spear X, repeated use of the weapon is implied by re-sharpening of the tip. Analyses of wood anatomy provide information on climatic conditions and contribute to the better understanding of the development of the site. PMID:26442632
Paleoenvironment and possibilities of plant exploitation in the Middle Pleistocene of Schöningen (Germany). Insights from botanical macro-remains and pollen.
Bigga, Gerlinde; Schoch, Werner H; Urban, Brigitte
Plant use is an elusive issue in Paleolithic archaeology. Due to poor organic preservation in many sites, botanical material is not always present. The sediments in Schöningen, however, contain abundant botanical macro-remains like wood, fruits, seeds, and other parts of plants which offer the opportunity to reconstruct the local vegetation. Combined with palynological results, it is possible to reveal the full potential of this environment to hominins. Ethnobotanical studies of hunter-gatherer societies living in similar environments illustrate the importance of plants for subsistence purposes. The identified taxa from the archaeological horizons at Schöningen include a broad spectrum of potentially exploitable species that could be sources of food, raw material, and firewood. PMID:26596728
The larger mammal fauna from the Lower Paleolithic Schöningen Spear site and its contribution to hominin subsistence.
Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Buhrs, Elfi; Verheijen, Ivo
The locality Schöningen (Germany) is an important source of knowledge about Lower Paleolithic hominin subsistence. The locality includes a series of sites dated to the late Middle Pleistocene with a Holsteinian (MIS 11) and Reinsdorf Interglacial (MIS 9) age. One of the youngest sites is Schöningen 13 II-4, the Spear Horizon site also known as the Horse Butchery site. The organic remains excavated here are exceptionally well-preserved as they were embedded in anaerobic, waterlogged sediments in an area where the groundwater is rich in calcium carbonate. The fossil assemblage is ideal for the study of patterns in hominin interference with the mammalian species encountered at the site. The vertebrate record is extensive and very diverse. The fossil larger carnivore guild of the Spear Horizon faunal assemblage includes saber-toothed cat, fox, and wolf. Herbivores are represented by an elephant species, two equid species, two rhinoceros species, two cervid species, and two large bovid species. Evidence of hominin interference presents itself as either marks on skeletal remains related to the use of bones as knapping tools or hammers, or as marks that indicate butchering activities such as skinning, dismembering, defleshing, filleting, and marrow extraction. The humerus of the saber-toothed cat clearly shows that the bone has been used as a knapping tool. The fossil remains of the other larger carnivores do not show any signs of hominin interference or exploitation. This also applies to the limited number of elephant and rhinoceros remains found at the site. The large horse Equus mosbachensis dominates the larger mammal record and played a major role in hominin subsistence. Marks on the horse bones indicate that a large number of carcasses have been butchered. Traces on the fossil remains of both red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the large bovids also indicate exploitation by Lower Paleolithic hominins. PMID:26607346
Bone taphonomy of the Schöningen "Spear Horizon South" and its implications for site formation and hominin meat provisioning.
Starkovich, Britt M; Conard, Nicholas J
This paper presents the faunal remains from the new excavation area at the Lower Paleolithic site of Schöningen. The focus of the study is on the southern extension of the main find horizon (Spear Horizon South), which includes the layer that yielded the famous Schöningen spears (13 II-4). Taxonomic data corroborate previous studies, that hominins primarily hunted Equus mosbachensis, a large Pleistocene horse. Equid body part representation at the site suggests that the animals were hunted and butchered locally. There is no evidence for density-mediated attrition in the assemblage. Weathering damage is uncommon, though there is ample evidence that carnivores had access to the bone. Carnivore bite sizes were measured and compared to experimental data provided by previous authors. Based on relationships between bite size and carnivore behavior and body size, we conclude that the primary modifying agents were large carnivores (i.e., wolves or saber-toothed cats). Previous studies show that carnivores often had secondary access to the remains, after hominins. Cut marks are commonly arranged haphazardly on the bones. This may indicate that multiple hominins participated in the butchery of horse skeletons, or that they were butchered over the course of hours or days. Cut marks on axial elements are more "orderly," which probably reflects the physical logistics of orienting one's body in relation to a large carcass. These data differ from sites formed by Middle and Upper Paleolithic hominins, which might suggest that in later times, a system of organized meat provisioning was already in place. Taken together, the faunal evidence from the Spear Horizon South indicates that late Lower Paleolithic hominins using the site understood the behaviors of different prey species, hunted socially to take down large game, and successfully competed with large carnivores on the landscape for primary access to ungulate remains. PMID:26626957
A new approach for deciphering between single and multiple accumulation events using intra-tooth isotopic variations: Application to the Middle Pleistocene bone bed of Schöningen 13 II-4.
Julien, Marie-Anne; Rivals, Florent; Serangeli, Jordi; Bocherens, Hervé; Conard, Nicholas J
It is often difficult to differentiate between archaeological bonebeds formed by one event such as a mass kill of a single herd, and those formed by multiple events that occurred over a longer period of time. The application of high temporal resolution studies such as intra-tooth isotopic profiles on archaeological mammal cohorts offers new possibilities for exploring this issue, allowing investigators to decipher between single and multiple accumulation events. We examined (18)O and (13)C isotopic variations from the enamel carbonate of 23 horse third molars from the Middle Pleistocene archaeological site of Schöningen. We employed a new approach to investigate processes of fossil accumulation that uses both bulk and intra-tooth isotopic variations and takes into account animal behavior, age at death and dental development to test the degree of isotopic affinity of animals from the same fossil assemblage. Oxygen and carbon isotope bulk values indicate that the horses from Schöningen 13 II-4 experienced relatively similar climatic and dietary regimes. Inter-individual differences of the bulk values of the horses sampled in the current study present nevertheless inter-individual variability similar to individuals from multi-layered localities. In addition, the intra-tooth isotopic variation of specimens of the same age at death seems to indicate that the studied cohort corresponds to a mix of individuals that recorded both similar and different isotopic histories. Finally, the conditions recorded in the isotopic signal shortly before death (i.e., for teeth not fully mineralized) varied between sampled individuals, suggesting possible differences in the seasonality of death. Considering those results, we discuss the possibility that the horses from Schöningen 13 II-4 correspond to an accumulation of different death events. PMID:25912820
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of well-preserved Middle Pleistocene bone collagen from Schöningen (Germany) and their paleoecological implications.
Kuitems, Margot; van der Plicht, Johannes; Drucker, Dorothée G; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Palstra, Sanne W L; Bocherens, Hervé
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in bone collagen can provide valuable information about the diet and habitat of mammal species. However, bone collagen degrades in normal circumstances very rapidly, and isotope analyses are therefore usually restricted to fossil material with a Late Pleistocene or Holocene age. The Middle Pleistocene site of Schöningen, dated to around 300,000 years ago, yielded bones and teeth with an exceptionally good state of collagen preservation. This allowed us to measure reliable biogenic carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios for different herbivorous taxa from the families Elephantidae, Rhinocerotidae, Equidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae. The results provide insights regarding the paleoenvironmental setting in which Middle Pleistocene hominins operated. The vegetation consumed by the herbivores from the famous spear horizon originates from open environments. During the climatic Reinsdorf Interglacial optimum, the landscape seems to have been relatively open as well, but certainly included parts that were forested. The results also indicate some niche partitioning; different herbivore species used different plant resources. For instance, the horses seem to have been predominantly browsers, while the straight-tusked elephants were feeding chiefly on grass. PMID:25824673
Gas Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Pyrolysis Oil from German Brown Coal.
Zuber, Jan; Kroll, Marius M; Rathsack, Philipp; Otto, Matthias
Pyrolysis oil from the slow pyrolysis of German brown coal from Schöningen, obtained at a temperature of 500°C, was separated and analyzed using hyphenation of gas chromatography with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source operated in negative ion mode and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-FT-ICR-MS). Development of this ultrahigh-resolving analysis method is described, that is, optimization of specific GC and APCI parameters and performed data processing. The advantages of GC-APCI-FT-ICR-MS hyphenation, for example, soft ionization, ultrahigh-resolving detection, and most important isomer separation, were demonstrated for the sample liquid. For instance, it was possible to separate and identify nine different propylphenol, ethylmethylphenol, and trimethylphenol isomers. Furthermore, homologous series of different acids, for example, alkyl and alkylene carboxylic acids, were verified, as well as homologous series of alkyl phenols, alkyl dihydroxy benzenes, and alkoxy alkyl phenols. PMID:27066076
Gas Chromatography/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Pyrolysis Oil from German Brown Coal
Zuber, Jan; Kroll, Marius M.; Rathsack, Philipp; Otto, Matthias
Pyrolysis oil from the slow pyrolysis of German brown coal from Schöningen, obtained at a temperature of 500°C, was separated and analyzed using hyphenation of gas chromatography with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source operated in negative ion mode and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (GC-APCI-FT-ICR-MS). Development of this ultrahigh-resolving analysis method is described, that is, optimization of specific GC and APCI parameters and performed data processing. The advantages of GC-APCI-FT-ICR-MS hyphenation, for example, soft ionization, ultrahigh-resolving detection, and most important isomer separation, were demonstrated for the sample liquid. For instance, it was possible to separate and identify nine different propylphenol, ethylmethylphenol, and trimethylphenol isomers. Furthermore, homologous series of different acids, for example, alkyl and alkylene carboxylic acids, were verified, as well as homologous series of alkyl phenols, alkyl dihydroxy benzenes, and alkoxy alkyl phenols. PMID:27066076
[Merits of acquiring ISO15189 accreditation].
Kitagawa, Masami
In Japan, an ISO15189 accreditation system was started in 2005. To date, 47 hospitals have been accredited. In this session, I will present the merits of acquiring accreditation regarding ISO15189 based on our experience. Our hospital has 263 beds. The Clinical Examination Section consists of 12 staff (including 5 part-time workers): 7 in change of sample examination and 5 in charge of physiological examination. The annual number of samples is approximately 150,000. Samples collected on health checkups account for 90%. To improve the quality and service, assessment by third persons has been positively utilized in our hospital. Accreditation regarding ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO27001, privacy mark, hospital function assessment, the functional assessment of "ningen-dock"/health checkup hospitals, labor/hygiene service function assessment, and ISO15189 has been acquired. Patients may not recognize ISO. So, it must be utilized, considering that the acquisition of accreditation is not a goal but a starting point. Furthermore, cost-performance should be improved to achieve utilization-related merits. It is important to not only acquire accreditation but also help clinical staff and patients become aware of some changes/merits. Patients may consult a hospital for the following reasons: confidence in the hospital, and the staffs kind/polite attitudes. Long-term management strategies should be established without pursuing only short-term profits. I will introduce several merits of acquiring accreditation regarding ISO15189. Initially, incidental conditions for bids and appeal points include accreditation regarding ISO15189. Our corporation has participated in some competitive bids regarding health checkup business. In some companies, the bid conditions included ISO acquisition. In our hospital, clinical trials have been positively carried out. For participation in trials, hospitals must pass an institutional examination. However, ISO acquisition facilitates the preparation of
Subsidence and basin-fill architecture of a lignite-bearing salt rim syncline: insights into rim syncline evolution and salt diapirism
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brandes, C.; Pollok, L.; Schmidt, C.; Wilde, V.; Winsemann, J.
In the last decades, salt-withdrawal basins achieved much attention due to their significant hydrocarbon potential like in the Gulf of Mexico, along the Brazilian passive margin and in northern Germany. The Helmstedt-Staßfurt salt wall and the related Schöningen rim syncline are an ideal natural laboratory to study the evolution of salt-withdrawal basins in detail. An excellent data set of 358 wells allows a detailed assessment of the basin-fill architecture. The aim was to expand on the classical cross-section based rim syncline analysis by the use of 3D models and basin simulations. The Helmstedt-Staßfurt salt wall is 70 km long, 6-8 km wide and one of the most important diapiric structures in northern Germany, based on the economically significant lignite-bearing rim synclines. The analysed Schöningen rim syncline, located on the southwestern side of the Helmstedt-Staßfurt structure, is 8 km long and 3 km wide. The basin-fill is up to 366 m thick and contains 13 major lignite seams with thicknesses between 0.1 and 30 m. Cross-sections perpendicular to the basin axis indicate that the basin-fill has a pronounced lenticular shape. This shape varies from more symmetric in the NW to clearly asymmetric in the SE. It coincides to the broadening of the salt diapir from NW to SE. The geometry of the rim syncline therefore seems to be a function of the diapir morphology. Sediments close to a diapir margin tend to be sheared by the rising diapir and this effect is probably enhanced where the diapir becomes broader and as a result, the related rim syncline is more asymmetric. Isopach maps imply a two-fold depocentre evolution. The depocentre migrated over time towards the salt wall and also showed some distinct shifts parallel to the salt wall. The shifts parallel to salt wall were abrupt, in contrast to the more gradual migration of the depocentres perpendicular to the salt wall. The basin modelling part of the study was carried out with the software Petro

subset: commoncrawl


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Published on
XTech 2006 presentation: Web caching hasn't significantly changed in years, and many believe it's a casualty of a more dynamic, real-time "Web 2.0". That doesn't have to be the case; The current cycle of innovations brings new opportunities for massively scaling and distributing Web applications and services—if the right pieces are in place. This session shows what's possible right now, and examines what the future of HTTP caching could be.


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Way back when the television show Buffy was known as Buffy The Vampire Slayer, I was working an entry-level job at a large corporation, where I was allotted dial-up Internet access to do work-related research.
In my small cube, I would furtively "sneak" onto the Internet to check the Buffy message board, The Bronze, reading post after post, but never venturing to post myself for fear of being caught playing on the Internet while on the job.
Apparently, I was not the only one trolling the message boards during work hours. Allyson Beatrice was online, too, but she had the courage to go where I did not — to post her thoughts on Buffy — and it changed her life completely.
Beatrice, a resident of Los Angeles, has since parlayed her love of Buffy, fandom, and event planning into a business. She is the cofounder of EMA, an event planning and consulting company that specializes in Internet fan community events and entertainment industry gatherings.
She's also the author of Will the Vampire People Please Leave the Lobby?: True Adventures in Cult Fandom, a hybrid of how-to for Internet communities and fandoms, as well as one-part stories about her online "family," and one-part tales of her interactions with the creators of the shows she loves, including Buffy, Angel and Firefly.
Beatrice has tried valiantly to save doomed shows, found a home for a wayward feline, helped raise funds to bring an Israeli Buffy fan to the U.S., both housed and stayed with various fans she met online, sussed out message board "fakers," and forged friendships with some of the most unlikely people, all with a sense of humor and honesty that's both refreshing and hilarious.
The only bad thing about this book is that I found myself laughing out loud a lot, and in public. There should definitely be a warning label on Will the Vampire People Please Leave the Lobby?: True Adventures in Cult Fandom that reads: "Beware: reading this book in public could cause people to stare at you – and not in a good way."Powered by Sidelines


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Uhh,my friend,just because 1.6 billion people have the same belief does NOT make that belief the truth. If that be the case then does that also mean that the over 1 billion muslims that have the same belief must be right in their version of the truth? Scripture tells us that the devil deceiveth the whole world and that all but the ELECT shall be deceivedand I present to you that the ELECT does NOT number in the BILLIONSbut in fact are very few and all the rest of the world is deceived. I present to you that therefore the RCC as well as the Muslim can count themselves among the deceived.<quoted text>
I simply repeat over and over and over again the "same" historical and biblical TRUTH of Jesus Christs One (and only one) TRUE Apostolic Catholic Church---confirmed and authenticated by Apologistic historican authors and writers (both Catholic and Protestant) and numerous documented writings from the Early Church Fathers who overwhelming agree with the biographical writings from the Lives of the Saints....... If you, jethro8 "stubbornly refuse" to accept the TRUTH, it becomes (YOUR PROBLEM), not mine, nor the other 1.168 Billion Catholics around the world who "know and accept the SAME DOCUMENTED TRUTHS!!!
Large number of adherents to your brand of religion does NOT equate your belief being the truth.


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Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
As ironic as it may sound, the kingpin of FIFA World Cup soccer has managed to stage the biggest anti-FIFA protests ever.
This is Brazil, land of contrasts, where a small five cent bus fare hike last June turned into a hate fest against all that was once holy in the Land of Pele. With less than two months to go before the "beautiful game" commences in a match between Brazil and Croatia in São Paulo, millions of Brazilians want you to know that you shouldn't come to their country to see these games. In the local and global press, word is Brazilians now hate soccer.
First some brief soccer history for American readers. Brazil is the only country not to have missed a World Cup, meaning its national teams have always won qualifying rounds every four years when the games are held. They have five World Cup championship titles and have won three in the last four decades, more than any other country. They are home to world famous footballers like Kaka, Ronaldinho and of course Pele.
As protesters will tell you, they are not taking to the streets because they hate soccer. They're protesting government investment in expensive stadiums while they see a government slow to make improvements in social services.
What Do We Want?!
Last June, millions of Brazilians protested the rising cost of public transportation. Their gripes made sense to anyone who has ever lived in Brazil. The protests lasted for months and were compared to the Arab Spring movements. Seeing how the Spring movements were viewed positively, Brazilians rightly assumed that if their media rejected their cause, the world would embrace it.
Brazil is a society that is over-taxed and governed by a state that under-deliveries. Outside of the rich southeastern corridor, which stretches from Porto Alegre to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil still looks under developed. Brazilians pay a lot and get a little. Worse yet, they live on the edge of corruption and petty crime. Most Brazilians have been robbed, regardless of race or economic status.
In light of that civil circus, Brazilians look around the big top they live in and see new soccer stadiums getting built. They wonder why the government can find all this money for sports, so fast, and nothing for schools. FIFA quickly became the expression of a busted social contract between civilians and their government.
Both antagonists defended themselves against the protesters.
"None of the funds for education and healthcare have been used to build stadiums," said Aldo Rebelo, Brazil's Sports Minister, in a televised press conference last June. Brazil is financing some $15 billion on 12 stadiums, some of them brand spanking new. Rebelo said that the federal budget has earmarked around R$177 billion ($80.4 billion) for both education and healthcare.
Jerome Valcke, FIFA's secretary-general, added, "We're not going to make four billion reals ($1.8 billion) and drive away with it in a Mercedes Benz."
Ah, yes...a Benz. Back in 2007, all Brazil was a Mercedes. It was discovering oil off the coast of sunny Rio de Janeiro. The economy was growing like gang-busters. Brazil's middle class population became the majority, surpassing the poor for the first time in its history. Car sales were rising. People were buying their first-ever new Fiat or Volkswagen. A year later, the country got investment grade status. It's president, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, was the coolest leader in the Americas. And he had only 9 fingers, which made him like a little Frodo of the Brazilian Shire, off on a quest to make Brazil great against a ruling class that thought Brazil pretty much sucked. A year after, deep in the heart of the global financial crisis, The Economist magazine highlighted the country with the Rio Jesus statue taking off like a rocket. This did wonders for the ego of the Brazilian elite. It was like The New York Times saying São Paulo was as good as Gotham. Hell, the world was falling apart, but Brazil was awesome!
It is awesome no more. And FIFA and President Dilma Rousseff and all of Brasilia are too blame.
Even this guy says so...


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Invaluable cannot guarantee the accuracy of translations through Google Translate and disclaims any responsibility for inaccurate translations.
The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication(179 views)
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Please Register/Login to access your Invaluable Alerts
Description: FIRST EDITION, FIRST ISSUE IN ORIGINAL CLOTH of Darwin's sequel to the Origin of Species, including his first use of the term "survival of the fittest". The Variation was a full statement of the facts on which the theories of the Origin were based... After the Origin's publication Darwin embarked on two broad lines of research: botanical experiments, and studies of variation, sexual selection, and emotional expressions in humans and mammals. In 1860 he began recycling the early, as yet unpublished, chapters of Natural selection and studying the osteology of domestic pigeons, ducks, and geese for a book on how breeders and horticulturists modify species. This was The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (1868)... Its two volumes were intended to provide overwhelming evidence for the ubiquity of variation, although they would also incidentally answer Lyell and Gray, who maintained that variations had not occurred purely by chance but were providentially directed. Darwin showed that breeders indeed selected from a vast array of minute random variations. He gave numerous instances of the causes of variability, including the direct effect of the conditions of life, reversion, the effects of use and disuse, saltation, prepotency, and correlated growth. The Variation also addressed a key criticism of the Origin of Species: that it lacked an adequate understanding of inheritance. Darwin's provisional hypothesis of pangenesis was constructed to explain how heritable traits were passed from parents to offspring. He supposed that each part of a parent organism throws off minute particles, or gemmules, which circulate in the body and collect in the sexual organs to be transmitted in reproduction. Because gemmules are received from two parents, the offspring develop to resemble them both more or less. The child, strictly speaking, does not grow into the man, but includes germs which slowly and successively become developed and form the man (Darwin, Variation). The term survival of the fittest (borrowed at Wallace's insistence from Herbert Spencer's 1866 Principles of Biology) first appeared in the Variation... It was a partial substitute for Darwin's more anthropomorphic natural selection, which many critics took to imply the existence of a selector. Mistaking Darwin's metaphor, they concluded that intelligence lay as much behind nature's selecting as behind a pigeon fancier's. Nevertheless Darwin defended his use of natural selection while conceding that he had personified it too much (Dictionary of National Biography). First issue: with 1-line publishers imprint on cloth at base of spines, 4 errata in vol. I and 9 errata in vol. II. Provenance: Early owner signature and/or stamp of Welsh businessman and philanthropist J.W. Stokes, Pengwern, to front endpapers, title pages of both volumes and first page of chapter I (vol. I) and contents (vol. II). Blind stamp of the prestigious nineteenth-century Cambridge bookseller and publisher Rivingtons on front free endpaper and flyleaf of vol. I. Complete with 32 pages of ads dated April 1867 at rear of vol. I, 2 pages of ads dated February 1868 at rear of vol. II (as issued) and 43 in-text wood engravings. London: John Murray, 1868. Octavo, original cloth. Ownership signatures and stamps (see above). Cloth in outstanding condition with only a few spots of bubbling and spine gilt exceptionally bright. Occasional light foxing, but text generally extremely clean. Much of vol. II with text unopened. Rare with cloth in such good condition.
Artist or Maker: DARWIN, CHARLES
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This extraordinary villa is situated on a large plot of over 5.000 m2 with marvellous open views.
You enter this property through a wonderful patio with fountain and come to a beautiful entrance hall, leading to a wide living/dining room with fireplace, a fully equipped kitchen with separate laundry area, a room, which can be used as an office, and access to a beautifully landscaped garden with swimming pool and BBQ area. This property has a large master bedroom with separate dressing room and a bright bathroom en-suite. 3 further bedrooms with bathrooms en-suite, a guest toilet, and a garage for three cars complete this extraordinary property.
Luxuriously equipped, it counts with underfloor heating and small radiators in all bathrooms, air conditioning hot/cold, alarm and marble floors.
The villa is set in a gated community with 24 hours security and is only a 15 minutes drive away from all amenities and Puerto Banús.
The Marbella Club Golf Resort is one of the most exclusive golf developments on the Costa del Sol. Situated amidst the hills of Benahavis, the resort enjoys spectacular views of Gibraltar, the African Coastline, the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding mountains.
The 18 Hole Golf Course, designed by Dave Thomas, exceeds even the highest expectations. With a total length of 6,247m, the golf course is enhanced by carefully contoured fairways, beautiful waterfalls, lakes and strategically placed bunkers, as well as undulating and protected greens, maintained to perfection. In the Club House you find a very recommendable restaurant with five star service and a well-sorted Pro Shop.
The resort also has 24 hour security and contains the famous Equestrian Centre, host of the Spanish Show Jumping Championships, which offers an exciting array of activities for horse riding fans, ranking from treks through the beautiful countryside to training for high-level competition.


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I enjoy a variety of games and am willing to try most games... not all. I am currently trying to learn how to program in order to create my own games.
Oh, you're one of those awesome people who already has an account on Player.me? Cool, you can just log in below!
Discover a lot in Player.me and start growing your gaming network.
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Eye of Truth
In an effort to keep you thinking during the long, hot summer, the Denver Public Librarys Fresh City Life program will present Presence of the Camera: Documentaries, a film series dedicated to and sometimes mocking the cutting edge of reality, throughout the month of June. The librarys sixth annual documentary series, curated and hosted by critic Walter Chaw, will take viewers out on a limb of truth at times.
Catch a different flick, with commentary, at 6 p.m. Tuesdays through June 29 at the Denver Central Library, 10 West 14th Avenue Parkway; the fest ends tonight with Stop Making Sense, Jonathan Demmes cinematic paean to the Talking Heads. Series admission is free; visit http://denverlibrary.org/fresh for details.
Tuesdays, 6-9 p.m. Starts: June 1. Continues through June 29, 2010
Get the Things to Do Newsletter
Sign up for our weekly guide to events in Denver, and never be bored again. With suggestions for every day of the week, our recommendations will keep you busy on any budget.
Upcoming Events
Charity Event; Comedians Stand Up - for Planned Parenthood
TicketsMon., Feb. 27, 7:30pm
Stand Up! the Workshop - Comedy Showcase
TicketsTue., Feb. 28, 7:00pm
Rich Guzzi
TicketsThu., Mar. 2, 7:30pm
These Jokes Are for You W/ Zac Maas + Host: Patrick Richardson At Moxi
TicketsThu., Mar. 2, 9:00pm
Sponsor Content


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design a photo booth background template for breeze system softwared
- Status Completed
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Project Description
I am looking for a designer that can create different background themes for different types of events. Example of events: weddings, birthdays, corporate events, etc. These templates are for my photobooth business that takes multiple photos and the images are printed on the templates as the background. An example of a template is attached.
* I am looking for a designer that is able to produce at least 20 - 50 or more templates. These templates will only print on 4 x 6 paper.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Is Singapore Godown incorrect or missing key business information? Update your Hotfrog listing today.
Contact details
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Hotfrog Singapore provides information regarding Singapore Godown in Singapore. Singapore Godown is located at COMPLEX MANAGER 25 TAGORE LANE 01-05 GODOWN BUILDING, Singapore 787602 and provides Warehouses services. Contact them on (65) 6220 0944 or by visiting them on their website http://www.singaporegodown.com.sg.
Is Singapore Godown in COMPLEX MANAGER 25 TAGORE LANE 01-05 GODOWN BUILDING, Singapore 787602 your business? Claim your listing and attract more leads by adding more content, photos and other business details.
We have more Warehouses services in Singapore available on Hotfrog Singapore. You can update your search for Warehouses by location, keyword or service options.
Adam Road Presbyterian Church 25 Adam Road Singapore 289894
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Wedding dresses
2017 Collection
ATELIER PRONOVIAS2017 Pronovias Haute Couture
Fluid and comfortable wedding dresses that draw the figure of an elegant and delicate bride. Wedding dresses crafted in noble fabrics with the finest gemstones and characterized by breathtaking backs and elaborate skirts.REQUEST AN APPOINTMENT
PRONOVIAS2017 Bridal Collections
Noble materials, artisan embroideries and golden nuances are the great advances of the 2017 collection of wedding dresses by Pronovias. A great variety of styles in which details become the stars, especially on the shoulders, waists, necklines and backs.REQUEST AN APPOINTMENT
2016 Collection
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Made by hand in the heart of the maison, this superb quality collection features wonderfully elegant, innovative designs, sumptuous fabrics, pure, sophisticated lines and delicate details.REQUEST AN APPOINTMENT
PRONOVIAS2016 Bridal Collections
Captivating dresses that flatter the figure, with styles for classic and romantic brides and thoroughly modern, bold women. A collection designed for brides all over the world.REQUEST AN APPOINTMENT


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This Common Blood Pressure Drug Improves Ovarian Cancer Survival
Dr. Sharon Orrange - August 27, 2015
Some interesting news came out of a study done at MD Anderson Cancer Center, where a common high blood pressure medication was shown to improve survival in those with ovarian cancer. In addition to standard treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, women taking propranolol (Inderal) or other similar medications lived longer.
How do heart meds help with ovarian cancer?
- Adrenergic receptors: The two types are alpha or beta and when activated, result in growth and progression of ovarian cancer. See More
Dry Mouth: Are Your Medications to Blame?
Dr. Sharon Orrange - May 19, 2015
Dry mouth isn't just an annoyance, it can lead to serious dental issues. Xerostomia is the medical term for dry mouth and when it happens, you'll want to know what's causing it.
Risk factors for dry mouth include medications, mouth breathing, older age, and a history of radiation therapy in cancer patients. Medical conditions that contribute to dry mouth include Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, and anxiety disorders, and these can be easily ruled out by your doctor. See More
The Big 8 Constipation-Causing Medications
Dr. Sharon Orrange - April 18, 2013
You are all stopped up and can't find an obvious reason. Look over your medication list and you may find the source. Constipation has many causes but medications are among the most common.
First, if your stools are too hard or too small or pooping is too difficult or infrequent you are constipated. Officially, constipation is defined as a stool frequency of less than three per week. It can be miserable and medications prescribed by us, your physicians, are frequently to blame. See More


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are countless reasons that Slaine has crushed the Boston rap game
like a Budweiser can. For one, he tells the sort of bleak Boston
tales that weren't always illustrated in hip-hop – stories about
spots like Southie and Roslindale, which reek of their own unique
stench. As important, though, is that Slaine hasn't alienated the
rest of Hub hip-hop in the process – whether that means cats from
Roxbury and Dorchester, or artists from outside of the immediate city
like Termanology in Lawrence, or NBS and Lou Armstrong in Cambridge.
In a
rap scene that's notoriously known as a crab bucket, Slaine has
managed to bat away the bastards without jeopardizing his overall
standing. He's also done world tours and starred in three Hollywood
films without getting branded as a sellout. His upcoming album, The
Boston Project (Suburban Noize / Commonwealth), is a testimony to that stature, with Slaine
tapping the region's best and baddest to pull up barstools and take
shots with him (see: track list below). From tough startups
like Moroney to longtime power players like Smoke Bulga, the entire
MBTA map gets covered.
As for
the single at hand . . . Slaine cracks open "Loyalty" with some
trademark tales of cigarette-burned sofas and despair. Chasing him,
Showoff Records-affiliate Kali floors the accelerator with an
intoxicating two-Timberland stomp sure to fail any breathalyzer. Then
comes Bean rap stalwart Twice Thou to smack the tail end with a
fierce verse and an Annie Dookhan drug lab reference. In his turn,
Slaine rhymes, "Every backwards mind that I turned is aligned with
me." But as he tells the Phoenix, his guests on The
Boston Project have also influenced him.
far as the features on this track, Kali is one of the best rappers in
Mass of his generation. I have worked with him before on my State
of Grace mixtape with Statik Selektah. Twice Thou – a/k/a
E-Devious from The Almighty RSO and Made Men – is just one of the
OG rappers in Boston period. He is one of the people responsible for
getting me interested in hip-hop that came out of my city, and when
you put all that together, this joint just embodies what this album
is all about."
continues: "I for whatever reason have always like to listen to hip
hop while I drive. It's probably why I get stopped for speeding so
much. When I'm making an album, I always drive around listening to
the demo versions of songs to see if they work, and when I get the
master I especially I have to give it the car test. "Loyalty" is
a perfect example of a dope song to throw in the CD player when you
start the engine, and turn the volume all the way up . . ."
The Boston Project drops April 2013
Evolution Of The Kid2. Nothin' But Business (Feat. BR & V
Knuckles)3. Bloodthirsty (Feat. 357 & Phinelia)4. Loyalty
(Feat. Kali & Twice Thou)5. Buildin' With Edo (Feat. Edo
G)6. Polaroid Picture (Feat. J The S, Dutch Rebelle & Cyrus
Deshield)7. Cocaine & Whiskey (Feat. Amadeus the Stampede &
Moroney)8. Zombie Land (Feat. Rite Hook)9. Bible Pages (Feat.
Big Kurt, Shizz Vicious, Lateb, Esoteric & Moroney)10. Rats
Maze (Feat. Newz and Lecks Get It On)11. Coke Money Jones (Feat.
Easy Money & Chilla Jones)12. Bad Guy (Feat. Millyz &
Smoke Bulga)13. Something To Believe In (Feat. Lou Armstrong,
Patrick Starr, Moroney & Blanco)14. Back Where I'm From
(Feat. Piff & Singapore)15. The Fuckery Hotel ( Feat. Kali &
Reks)16. Faster Than Time (Feat. Dre Robinson & DL)17.
Hero (Feat. Jaysaun & Checkmark)


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On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Our unlikely British sleuths are back on Saturday nights starting at 7 PM.
The GHSA state championships for football are right around the corner. There are 16 teams left on the road to the Georgia Dome and by late Saturday night all eight champions for 2016 will be... MORE
GPB Passport is the new member benefit that provides you with extended access to an on-demand library of quality local and national public television programming, including tens of thousands of hours of your favorite programs.
I know June is basically over but it's still Adopt a Shelter Cat month. To inspire cat adoption, our pals at the ASPCA are teaming up with celebrities like Katy Perry to host the Top Ten Catdown on...


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Join FREE | Login
+ Celebrations
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Mexican Hot Chocolate Sugar Cookies
Yummy Cranberry-Walnut White Chocolate Cookies
Strawberries and Chocolate Sugar Cookie Crepes
Basic Iced Holiday Sugar Cookies
Double-Chocolate Cranberry Cookies
Cranberry-Stuffed Eggnog Cookies
In just three quick steps, white vanilla baking chips and sweetened dried cranberries update a classic cookie for the holidays.
If you prefer, the baking chips can also be melted in a bowl over simmering water, using the stovetop.
For a little citrus flavor, stir grated peel of an orange into the cookie dough along with the other added ingredients.
© 2016 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


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The Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) at Georgia Tech is partnering with Worldpay US, Yodlee, and NCR to host the "FinTech Hack @ATDC." This is more than your typical hackathon. The FinTech Hack @ATDC wants to help entrepreneurs, developers, and designers take their ideas to the next level by providing the critical post-hack engagement, mentoring, and support to build viable startup companies. And yes… there will be cash, gadgets, food, and swag, too. The FinTech Hack @ATDC is the first by ATDC's FinTech program powered by Worldpay US. (REGISTER HERE.)
Ultimately, participants will decide which ideas to work on using the APIs of our sponsors. They can work on their own projects or work on challenges presented to them by Worldpay US, Yodlee, and NCR. Click here to see the challenges presented by our sponsors.
WHEN: Friday, Nov. 6, 2015, from 5:30 p.m. through 9 p.m. on Sunday, Nov. 8, 2015.
LOCATION: ATDC, 75 Fifth St., 3rd Floor, Centergy Building at Tech Square.
TEAMS & PRIZES: The total value of all prizes combined is worth more than $85,000. Four winning teams will be selected and awarded as follows:
1) Best in Show (Grand Prize Winner):
Worldpay US, Yodlee, NCR, and ATDC are committed to help the "Best in Show" team pursue its idea post-FinTech Hack @ATDC with a six-month Grand Prize package, cash, and other benefits valued at $73,0001 as follows:
Grand Prize (six-months):
Cash: $7,000.
The winning "Best in Show" team also will receive:
2) Best Use of Worldpay APIs:
3) Best Use of Yodlee APIs:
4) Best Use of NCR APIs:
5) Additionally, $100 Individual Awards will be given to:
Here are the sponsors' APIs and tutorials:
Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKa5cWiaD3g
API: http://apidocs.securenet.com/docs/getstarted.html#sthash.8P7qL3WA.dpuf
Tutorial: https://www.dropbox.com/s/l8cr9ctwdulurnw/NCRFintechHack2015.mp4?dl=0
Yodlee Interactive:
Tutorial: http://ow.ly/UiRnY
(1 Estimated value if all services and benefits are fully used over the six-month period.)


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Hoopeston Jaycee's & Chamber set Awards night!
Hoopeston Jaycee's & Chamber set Awards night!
Governor Rauner's Motorcade in Wreck in Chicago
According to the Paxton Record, A former Ford County correctional officer has pleaded not guilty to charges of official misconduct and disorderly conduct in connection with alleged inappropriate conduct involving himself and a female inmate.
Derek A. Whitaker, 36, of Loda, waived a preliminary hearing and pleaded not guilty during a Jan. 7 hearing in Ford County Circuit Court. A pretrial hearing was set for 9 a.m. March 11, and his jury trial was set for April 15.
According to the Commercial News, An Urbana woman faces charges of driving while under the influence after a crash closed eastbound lanes of Interstate 74 between the G Street and Martin Luther King Drive exits.
According to information from the Illinois State Police, a 1994 Mercury Cougar driven by Cynthia L. Manning, 30, of Urbana, crashed at 3:57 a.m. Tuesday into a guardrail near the 212 mile marker in I-74's eastbound lanes.
Vermilion County Farm Bureau Foundation is offering you an opportunity to chase away your winter blues and raise money for a good cause at the same time. The group is holding its third annual "Luau for Learning" Trivia Night, with a theme of "Jamaica My Weekend."
The event will be held on Saturday, February 28 at the Knights of Columbus Hall, 310 Bryan Ave, in Danville. Doors will open at 7:00 pm, with the trivia starting at 7:30 pm.
"We hope folks will join us for a great time," said foundation chairman Mark Willard. "We've had two successful trivia nights the last two years, and want everyone to be a part of this year's Jamaica night."
Gibson City, IL, January 19, 2015– Family Health Care of Hoopeston, an affiliate of Gibson Area Hospital, opened its new location at 705 South Dixie Highway in Hoopeston, just north of CVS Pharmacy. The newly constructed facility is designed for patient comfort and convenience, featuring an easily accessible building with visibility, ample parking, numerous exam rooms, and spacious procedure rooms.
According to Gibson Area Hospital CEO Rob Schmitt, "The new clinic is a great addition and asset to the residents and the City of Hoopeston. GAHHS is committed to the community and this major investment shows the community we are here to stay. GAHHS is proud to serve the residents of Hoopeston and the surrounding areas. This clinic will allow GAHHS to expand the number of specialist seeing patients in Hoopeston. In the near future, in addition to Family Medicine, Obstetrics, and General Surgery, we will have Urology, Cardiology, and Orthopedic providers seeing patients in the clinic." Schmitt also anticipates an open house for the community in the very near future.
The Gibson Area Hospital Auxiliary has nine scholarships to award this year. There are two scholarships from The Verna Buck Scholarships worth $2000.00 apiece. These scholarships for are nursing only. There is another Verna Buck Scholarship for $1000.00 also for nursing only.
There are two scholarships worth $2000.00 from the GAH Auxiliary. These scholarships are for school work dedicated to any medical fields.
There are two other scholarships, each for $1000.00, from the Arthur and Ane Jensen Noland Family Scholarship Fund and the William and Viola Garrett Scholarship Fund. These scholarships are for those who live in Ford County or who have graduated from a Ford County school. They may be awarded for any school work leading to work in any medical field.
There is one scholarship awarded by the scholarship committee from the CEDF Foundation for $2000.00 for nursing only.
The Following Preliminary Information is Being Released by Illinois State Police Pesotum, District 10
WHAT: Two vehicle DUI crash with lane blockage.
WHERE: I-74 Eastbound MP 212.5.
WHEN: Tuesday, January 20, 2015, 3:57 A.M.
VEHICLES: Unit #1- Beige 1994 Mercury Cougar
Unit #2 -White 2006 Freightliner Truck-tractor in combination with a 2006 Wabash Semi-trailer
DRIVER: Unit #1 Cynthia L. Manning, 30, Urbana, IL
Unit #2 Male, Danville, IL
SEATBELTS: Yes
CAUSE: Unit #1 was determined to be DUI and crashed into a guardrail coming to rest in the eastbound roadway.
CONDITIONS: Driver refused medical and was released from the scene.
PRELIMINARY: Unit #1 crashed into a guardrail leaving the vehicle in the middle of the roadway. Unit #2 was traveling eastbound and was unaware of Unit #1's crash. Unit #2 crashed into Unit #1, causing Unit #2 to run aground into the right ditch and become lodged between the bridge supports. There were reports of injuries. The driver of Unit #1 was later arrested for Driving Under the Influence.
CHARGES: Cynthia L. Manning arrested for Driving Under the Influence.
All subjects are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.
According to the Paxton Record, Paxton police are asking Ford County's prosecutor to charge a Paxton teenager as an adult in connection with a marijuana-growing operation discovered earlier this month at the teen's home.
Paxton Police Chief Bob Bane said his department obtained a search warrant at the 17-year-old's home in the 300 block of West Center Street on Saturday, Jan. 10. Bane said numerous items believed to be used for growing cannabis were found.
Monday, January 19, 2015


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|Home > Kaiden
♂ Kaiden
What does Kaiden mean?
Kaiden [kaiden] as a boys' name is of Arabic derivation, and the name Kaiden means "companion". Kaiden is a variant form of Kaden (Arabic).
Associated with: arabic.
Kaiden▲ has 19 variants: Caden, Caidan, Caiden▲, Caidin, Caidon, Caydan, Cayden▲, Caydin, Caydon, Kadan, Kadin▼, Kadon, Kaidan, Kaidin, Kaidon, Kaydan, Kayden▲, Kaydin and Kaydon.Creative forms:
(male) Kaiken, Keden, ..
(female) Kaike, Kaikel, .. Middle name pairings:
Kaiden Harlan (K.H.), ..
How popular is Kaiden?
Kaiden is an uncommon first name for men but a somewhat popular surname for all people (#143847 out of 150436, Top 96%). (2000 U.S. Census)
Kaiden entered the list in 1996 and reached its peak rank of #122 in the U.S. in 2013, and is currently at #140. (Top 2000 Names, 2015)
Which version is better?with its source form and related boy names. Caden (#192 a year ago), Caiden (#285), Cayden (#212), Kaden (#179), Kadin, Kaidan, Kayden (#95), Kaydin and Kaydon are the prominent related forms of Kaiden (#140 a year ago). Adoption of these forms of Kaiden reached its peak a decade ago (average #726) and is almost as conventional today (#910, ▼13%), but with the form Kadin becoming less stylish. Caiden, Cayden, Kaiden and Kayden are four of the more contemporarily stylish baby names in this list.
Similar Names
Kaiden▲ is pronounced similarly to Cadan, Cadon, Cadyn, Caedan, Kadeen, Kadyn and Kaeden. Other suggested similar names are Aiden▲, Barden, Braiden, Caide, Camden▲, Carden, Daimen, Eaden, Eiden, Hadden, Haden▼, Haider, Halden, Harden, Hayden, Jaden, Jaeden▼, Jaide, Jaiden, Jaidin, Jaisen, Jayden▲, Kade▲, Kadeem▼, Kagen, Kaile, Kain, Kaine, Kairde (see Caird), Kairn, Kaiser, Kalen, Kamden▲, Kamdon, Kannen, Karmen, Kayde, Kayven, Kelden, Laiken, Landen, Malden, Marden, Paden, Raiden▲, Varden, Walden and Warden. These names tend to be more commonly used than Kaiden.See names in meaning and etymology.


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<quoted text>
Kind of desparate, aren't 'cha? Obama is an extreme left wing liberal and he isn't fixing it. Guess it's not the republicans after all. Thanks for pointing that out.
Sane person: You voted twice for a person who lies to you about fixing it. When will you learn?
Democrate: Duh....Obama rules. Gulp, gulp, belch.
Great post! remember the burping also.


text: The sight of the huge open fire lured us in on a cold winter's evening, and we were very glad it did! Make sure you get a seat in the front dining room to watch the chef expertly handle the huge slabs of steak on the open grill - it really added to the experience. You can still enjoy some... More


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Jonathan SteinNov. 29, 2008 1:37 PM
Depends on if you're considering General James Jones, likely National Security Advisor in the upcoming Obama Administration, or Senator Hillary Clinton, likely Secretary of State. Their professional histories send conflicting messages about Obama's intentions in the region. Check out Eli Lake in TNR for more.
Jonathan SteinNov. 29, 2008 1:18 PM
There are two great stories out discussing what we should do with all the national security secrets that, if made public, could (1) expose the full extent of the Bush Administration's torture, detention, rendition, and wiretapping programs, (2) make Bush Administration officials vulnerable to criminal prosecution, (3) create a public circus that overshadows the Obama Administration's early actions and spoils a moment of goodwill that Obama wants to exploit, and (4) potentially make our defenses weaker in the war on terror.
Result (1) is obviously a good thing. Is (2)? Even if it comes with effects (3) and (4)? Is there a way to do this that avoids (4) entirely?
Check out the thoughts of Dahlia Lithwick in Slate and Charles Homans in the Washington Monthly. Obama seems interested in establishing a commission that ferrets out the who/what/where/when/why, but doesn't initiate criminal proceedings. That's probably the approach the majority of the country would prefer, but is bound to anger some on both the right and the left.
Kevin DrumNov. 29, 2008 11:53 AM
QUOTE OF THE DAY....From Emile Earles, a Cadillac owner in West Point, Georgia, on buying American:
"You can only be patriotic until you can't afford it anymore."
And this riposte from Eddie Striblin, a salesman at the local GM dealership:
"Let me ask you a question: You ever heard of anybody braggin' on a '57 Honda?"
That's the American car industry in a nutshell, isn't it?
Kevin DrumNov. 28, 2008 10:04 PM
CHART OF THE DAY....Via Overcoming Bias, three French researchers surveyed 1,540 people and offered them the opportunity to play a game in which a coin is tossed ten times and they'll win ten euros each time it comes up heads. "The participant is then asked for his/her own estimation, according to his/her experience and his/her luck, of the number of times heads will occur, i.e. how many times (out of ten) he/she thinks he/she is going to win (and get 10 euros)." What do you think is the most terrifying aspect of this survey?
The mean answer was 3.9.
About ten people thought they would win every single toss.
The authors managed to produce a 21-page paper out of this.
The full survey is here. The authors also note that women are more pessimistic than men; old people are more pessimistic than young; and that nearly everyone answers "five" if monetary gain is removed from the question. In other words, people seem to know the odds, they just think the universe is stacked against them. (Or that the researchers are going to cheat. Take your pick.)
The exception, of course, is those ten respondents who think they'll win every time. Here in America, we call those people "investment bankers."
Kevin DrumNov. 28, 2008 5:45 PM
PATCHING THINGS UP....Samantha Power, last heard from calling Hillary Clinton a "monster" and then apologizing fulsomely for it, is back:
State Department officials said Friday that Samantha Power is among a group of foreign policy experts that the president-elect's office selected to help the incoming administration prepare for Clinton's anticipated nomination as secretary of state.
....Clinton's office declined to comment on Power's inclusion in the State Department transition, but an official close to the Obama transition team said Power had ''made a gesture to bury the hatchet'' with Clinton and that it had been well-received.
State Department officials said Friday that Samantha Power is among a group of foreign policy experts that the president-elect's office selected to help the incoming administration prepare for Clinton's anticipated nomination as secretary of state.
....Clinton's office declined to comment on Power's inclusion in the State Department transition, but an official close to the Obama transition team said Power had ''made a gesture to bury the hatchet'' with Clinton and that it had been well-received.
If we accept the conventional wisdom that Obama's choice of Clinton as Secretary of State is a generous gesture meant to help unify the party, then there would be few more forthright ways for Clinton to reciprocate than by nominating Power for some kind of meaningful position at Foggy Bottom. It would be a good sign that those hatchets have been well and truly buried.
Kevin DrumNov. 28, 2008 4:58 PM
SUPER SENIOR....Felix Salmon explains the synthetic CDO market:
Let's start with a simple single-credit synthetic bond....
[Explanation follows, ending with a little bit about the size of the synthetic mortgage backed security market.]
....In fact, most of the synthetic MBS issued were issued by banks which kept the underlying mortgages on their own balance sheet. Rather than put the mortgages directly into a CDO and sell that to investors, they kept the mortgages themselves and bought protection from the CDO. Why did they do that? That's the story of the super-senior tranche, and will have to wait for another day.
Let's start with a simple single-credit synthetic bond....
[Explanation follows, ending with a little bit about the size of the synthetic mortgage backed security market.]
....In fact, most of the synthetic MBS issued were issued by banks which kept the underlying mortgages on their own balance sheet. Rather than put the mortgages directly into a CDO and sell that to investors, they kept the mortgages themselves and bought protection from the CDO. Why did they do that? That's the story of the super-senior tranche, and will have to wait for another day.
What!?! For pity's sake, man, don't keep us in suspense. I want to hear about the super-senior tranche. It's one of those things that I think I understand in a technical sense sort of the way a blind man understands a sunset but not in the real-world sense of what people were doing with them and how they got abused so badly. So let's hear it!
Kevin DrumNov. 28, 2008 1:38 PM
COMMENTS!....Jacob Levy talks about evolution of the blogosphere:
I'm one of the last of the oldline blogluddists who thinks that the decline of civility and decency the blogosphere can be traced to two events, one of which I won't tell you but one of which was the creation of comments sections. In particular, I remember thinking that the opening of comments at Kevin Drum's then-site, CalPundit, changed things rather a lot.
This deserves explication. Does Jacob think that opening a comment section changed my actual blogging? Or did the blogging remain the same but the mere existence of raucous commenters changed things? If the latter, why not just ignore the comments? If the former, how?
I've heard this general complaint many times, and I've never really understood it. My own view of comments is that they don't exist mainly for my benefit, or even for my readers' benefit, but for my commenters' benefit. In the same way that blogging gave me a platform to mouth off in public that I otherwise wouldn't have gotten, I figure that comment sections give an entirely different group of people the same opportunity. So I'm happy to provide it, even if it often gets out of hand. It's not like anyone's holding a gun to our heads and forcing us to read them, after all. (And anyway, the comment section here has improved considerably over the past couple of years thanks to my steely and implacable moderators. Thanks guys!)
On a more general note, Jacob's post reminds me that I've always been a little puzzled by the number of times readers have told me that I've "changed" thanks to something or other. When I opened comments. When I started accepting ads. When I moved to the Washington Monthly. When I moved to MoJo. Etc. For a variety of reasons, it's unlikely in the extreme that any of these events changed anything about my writing at all, but people sure think they do with fair regularity. I don't doubt that my writing has evolved since I started doing this six years ago, but I very much doubt that there was any particular event that's been responsible for it. More likely it was just six years of writing and learning and getting progressively more annoyed with the modern Republican Party.
But let's combine both these topics into one. Old timers: what do you say? Has my blogging changed substantially since the early days? How? Naturally, I urge you to leave your observations in comments.
UPDATE: Jacob responds.
Kevin DrumNov. 28, 2008 1:07 PM
BAGELS!....One of these days I guess I'm going to have to try a bagel when I'm in New York City. My crappy taste buds being what they are, I suppose my reaction is going to be the usual (i.e., "they just taste like bagels to me"), but I'm still curious. It hardly seems plausible that transplanted New Yorkers can't make good bagels elsewhere in the country, and insufficiently developed consumer taste doesn't seem like a good explanation for this lack, as it often is for ethnic food of other varieties.
(Can you order a New York City bagel over the internet? I mean, I'm sure you can, but do they survive the shipping process tasting as good as if they were bought locally? Or do I really have to get on a plane and head east to perform this experiment?)
Anyway, this spate of bagel blogging was inspired by a David Bernstein post about bagels over at the Volokh Conspiracy, and what really amused me wasn't the bagel stuff itself, but Bernstein's being annoyed that the book he was reading, The Bagel: The Surprising History of a Modest Bread, "relies on union sources, the story is completely one-sided; the reader doesn't get the perspective of any of the bagel bakery owners, just the workers." We all have our pet peeves, so I guess I shouldn't laugh, but Bernstein seems constitutionally incapable of ever letting a positive mention of unions pass unnoticed, insisting that every advance in worker rights would have happened anyway due solely to rising union standards. I say: tell it to the janitors, pal. Rising living standards don't really seem to have helped their cause a helluva lot. In fact, tell it to the median worker in general, who's made virtually no gains at all over the past three decades despite a near doubling in per capita GDP during the period.
Eh. I guess that just shows that I have some pet peeves too. I still need to try a real NYC bagel one of these days, though. If and when I do, which shop should I try, O commenters?
Kevin DrumNov. 28, 2008 12:47 PM
WINGERS AND THE ECONOMY....I read Charles Krauthammer's column this morning yet more proof, if more were needed, that people with very high IQs can also be very, very stupid and I got to wondering. A developing meme on the right suggests that our recent economic meltdown isn't really the fault of the free market having a heart attack at all, but rather the fault of the government performing triple bypass surgery in response to what was really no more than some free market heartburn. And so I wonder: Is this really going to be the National Review/WSJ editorial page/Grover Norquist line going forward? And if it is, what's the right response? Sober op-eds explaining why they're wrong? Or dismissive laughter? I'm thinking the latter.
Kevin DrumNov. 27, 2008 12:49 PM
THANKSGIVING CATBLOGGING....The stars of this year's traditional Thanksgiving clipart extravaganza are Ditto and Tillamook, my mother's two new kittens. I was over the other day visiting, and let me tell you: these are definitely not a shy pair of kittens. Ditto practically knocks down the furniture running over to greet visitors, and starts purring like a motorboat if you so much as look at him crosseyed. Tillie was in nap mode most of the time I was there, but is also friendly and adorable, as all kittens should be.
The pod they're sleeping in was a housewarming gift from me. Ten bucks at Walgreens. Isn't it cute? When I got it home, though, it turned out that Domino and Inkblot both thought it was for them, with Domino eventually claiming it as her permanent nighttime bed. What could I do? Back to Walgreens for another one, that's what. As you can see, the dynamic duo love it too when they've decided they've had enough dynamism for the time being.
Like them, I'm dreaming of turkey right now. In fact, I can almost taste it already. Happy Thanksgiving, everyone!
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Actually, I can feel tight bass in most of music genre with ER4. But like I said, I can't hear any very low sub bass for EDM genre like electro house, dubstep, trouse..etc. Even bass boosting in Eq is not enough. and also my goal is for mixing, so bass boosting Eq or amp is not an option for me. Although Im not a basshead, ER4 is not enough bass for that genres and Imo Er4 is only accurate for mid and high cos Im sure afrojack, SHM didn't produce that kindda thin bass in what we hear from ER4. I mean, Er4 can't produce bass for what actually in the mix altho it's detail are crystal clear.
And I understand, 200$ price range can't get what I need but I can't spend over 1000$ IEM yet this time. So I decided to change my budget to 300$ - 500$.
Please advice me again mates! Btw this forum is really helpful and informative. I learned alot abt headphones here
So I need Iem 300-500$ range with,
- accurate frequency respond including bass
- need to comfort wearing
- im gonna use it for both mixing and general listening


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Laser Cut Wood MR & MRS Sign 14" W x 6" L x .1875" H
DetailsCreate custom DIY wedding signage with this adorable, natural unfinished plywood that has been laser cut to spell "MR & MRS" in a decorative script. Dress up with paint, glitter, jewels, and embellishments to finish this romantic, rustic wood wall plaque!
- 14" W x 6" L x .1875" H
- Rounded Rectangle Shape
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Return this item within 30 days for a full product refund. Return Policy »


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Have you ever wondered which Capital Bikeshare stations are the most popular? Or which routes are the most common? A new visualization sheds some light on this, using data gathered over three months last year to show Bikeshare in action.
The information comes from Mobility Lab, the research-and-development arm of Arlington County's commuter services division. Capital Bikeshare regularly releases data covering the history of trips taken using the service.
The tool lets you see how many trips were taken to or from stations from July through September of 2012. Simply select a station and it will show you how many bikes were rented and where these riders went. The thicker the line, the more rides taken on that route. (While this new tool only covers three months and isn't a a formal survey or poll of riders, it's still a useful way to see how Bikeshare trips occur.)
So let's say you select the station at M Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. This tool tells you that quite a few people heading to or from the eastern end of Georgetown started out in Dupont Circle, with a combined 866 trips taken between the M Street dock and the station at Massachusetts Avenue NW and the circle.
Or take a look at the station close to the Jefferson Memorial on the Tidal Basin. There were 942 trips that traveled between that memorial and the station at Jefferson Drive and 14th Street SW (the dock right in front of the Washington Monument), with the trips nearly split between those that began near the Washington and those that started by the Jefferson There were also 449 round trips that began and ended at the Jefferson Memorial station.
Mobility Lab also released some other statistics from the data covering this period. The average Bikeshare trip was 1.2 miles, though that doesn't account for trips that begin or end at the same station. That station on Massachusetts Avenue NW right near Dupont Circle is the busiest station. And a significant majority of the trips taken during this period — 80 percent — were made by people who had signed up for monthly or yearly passes. The rest were taken by single-day or three-day riders.
Take a look for yourself. Are you surprised by the trips taken? If you're a regular Bikeshare user, does this match up to what you've experienced? Tell us in the comments.


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Tag Archives 3-bit
Samsung Starts Production 3-bit NAND SSD
Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., the world leader in advanced memory technology, said today that it has begun mass producing the industry's first high-performance, three-bit-NAND-based SSD for servers and data centers. The new SSD will allow data centers to better manage workloads related to social networking, web browsing and email, and enhance operation efficiency. Installations of […] [...]
Comments (0) | 3 years ago


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Here's an old photo of 'Fay's Oscar'. I saved it from my own photobucket account, because it would be difficult to find the original in my photo collection (considering I've taken approximately 25,000 photos since then). If you need it without the giant copyright and name I used to use back then, I can try to find it.
I hope it helps.


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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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Showing Results: Most Recent
This review is from: Western Digital Blue WD2500AAKX 250GB 7200 RPM 16MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive Bare Drive
Pros: none
Cons: installed drive, synced it with raid 5 volume, failed 3 days later. Tried to resync and continued to have intermittent failures, finally drive would not come online.
Other Thoughts: Ordered drive for next day. Return is going to take 7-10 days to process. It would be nice to have a faster processing of the return and replacement drive.READ FULL REVIEW


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MANILA (Philippine Daily Inquirer/ANN) - Allies of Senator Leila de Lima described her persecution as an attempt of President Rodrigo Duterte's government to silence his critics.
MANILA (Philippine Daily Inquirer/ANN) - After the postponement of a Chinese minister's visit to the Philippines, President Rodrigo Duterte clarified that China just misunderstood the remarks of the Philippines' top diplomat on the militarisation of the South China Sea.
SINGAPORE (The Straits Times/ ANN) - Singaporean Ai-ling Lee - the first Asian woman to get a nod in the sound-editing category for her work in La La Land - knocked on doors of film studios.
SYDNEY (The Straits Times/ ANN) - Jokowi's visit likely to lead to joint naval patrols in the South China Sea and trade deals.
HONG KONG (The Straits Times/ ANN) - Hong Kong residents disappointed with lack of cash handouts despite higher surplus.
MANILA (The Straits Times/ ANN) - Senator calls allegations against her 'lies' and says the government is persecuting her.
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KUALA LUMPUR (The Straits Times/ ANN) - Outcry over use of highly toxic VX to kill Kim Jong Nam at airport; Kuala Lumpur to undertake review of ties with North Korea.
SEOUL (The Korea Herald/ANN) - North Korea is estimated to have a vast amount of chemical weapons.
ISLAMABAD (Dawn/ANN) - Decision on Pak-Afghan border reopening will be taken in due course of time, says FO spokesman.
DHAKA (The Daily Star/ANN) - Top retailers pulling out of the apparel summit at the last minute is a major embarrassment for the government and the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association.
NEW DELHI (DataLEADS/ ANN) – Two Asian countries - India and China - topped the list of countries whose citizens were given most H-1B skilled worker visas in 2015, according to latest data from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
DHAKA (The Daily Star/ANN) - Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina will be the guest of Indian President Pranab Mukherjee - becoming the prime minister from her country to receive this honour.
MANILA (Philippine Daily Inquirer/ANN) - Senator Leila de Lima branded President Rodrigo Duterte as the mastermind behind her arrest, saying the basis of the accusations that she was involved in the illegal drug trade were manufactured lies.
MUAR (The Star/ANN) - Kim Jong-nam's next of kin is expected to arrive in Malaysia by tomorrow to identify and claim his body.
JAKARTA (The Straits Times/ ANN) - Indonesia's President says energy has been wasted and that has affected the economy.


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2004 Volkswagen Touareg Recalls
RepairPal Expert Overview on December 15, 2004
When used to secure a child safety seat into proper position, the seat belts may not lock securely in place. This could result in serious injury to a child in an accident.
RepairPal Expert Overview on May 19, 2004
The bolt that secures the rear seat belt latch may not be properly attached. As a result, the belt could fail to secure a passenger in an accident.
RepairPal Expert Overview on July 25, 2003
The wiring for the tire pressure monitoring system may have been improperly routed, resulting in the possibility of it shorting and causing a fire, as well as an inoperative tire pressure monitoring system.