text:
Metabolic fluxes in the central carbon metabolism of Dinoroseobacter shibae and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis, two members of the marine Roseobacter clade
© Fürch et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009
Received: 30 March 2009
Accepted: 29 September 2009
Published: 29 September 2009
In the present work the central carbon metabolism of Dinoroseobacter shibae and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis was studied at the level of metabolic fluxes. These two strains belong to the marine Roseobacter clade, a dominant bacterial group in various marine habitats, and represent surface-associated, biofilm-forming growth (P. gallaeciensis) and symbiotic growth with eukaryotic algae (D. shibae). Based on information from recently sequenced genomes, a rich repertoire of pathways has been identified in the carbon core metabolism of these organisms, but little is known about the actual contribution of the various reactions in vivo.
Using 13C labelling techniques in specifically designed experiments, it could be shown that glucose-grown cells of D. shibae catabolise the carbon source exclusively via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, whereas alternative routes of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway are obviously utilised for anabolic purposes only. Enzyme assays confirmed this flux pattern and link the lack of glycolytic flux to the absence of phosphofructokinase activity. The previously suggested formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate during mixotrophic CO2 assimilation was found to be inactive under the conditions studied. Moreover, it could be shown that pyruvate carboxylase is involved in CO2 assimilation and that the cyclic respiratory mode of the TCA cycle is utilised. Interestingly, the use of intracellular pathways was highly similar for P. gallaeciensis.
The present study reveals the first insight into pathway utilisation within the Roseobacter group. Fluxes through major intracellular pathways of the central carbon metabolism, which are closely linked to the various important traits found for the Roseobacter clade, could be determined. The close similarity of fluxes between the two physiologically rather different species might provide the first indication of more general key properties among members of the Roseobacter clade which may explain their enormous success in the marine realm.
To address this issue, we applied metabolic flux analysis using 13C labelled isotopes to gain a first insight into the central catabolic pathways of Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL12 [1] and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis DSM 17395 [14]. These species represent two prominent members of the Roseobacter clade. P. gallaeciensis has received strong interest due to its ability to produce the antibiotic tropodithietic acid. D. shibae was isolated as a novel species from marine dinoflagellates and lives in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic algae [15]. Metabolic flux analysis using 13C labelled isotopes has proven a key technology in the unravelling of metabolic pathways and has recently been used to study different microorganisms mainly linked to biotechnological production processes [16–19]. No such study has yet been performed for members of the Roseobacter clade.
Results and Discussion
Cultivation profile
Pathways for glucose catabolism
Selected TBDMSa-amino acid fragments used in the study derived from D. shibae and P. gallaeciensis grown on 99% [1-13C] glucose.
Mass isotopomer distribution (% of total pool)
D. shibae
P. gallaeciensis
50.0 ± 0.2
48.2 ± 0.2
1.8 ± 0.0
0.01 ± 0.01
49.2 ± 0.0
49.3 ± 0.0
1.5 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
96.8 ± 0.1
3.2 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.0
97.2 ± 0.0
2.8 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
51.2 ± 0.1
48.2 ± 0.1
0.6 ± 0.0
50.1 ± 0.1
49.3 ± 0.1
0.6 ± 0.0
72.4 ± 0.7
23.2 ± 0.5
4.3 ± 0.2
0.12 ± 0.01
64.2 ± 0.2
29.4 ± 0.1
6.2 ± 0.2
0.13 ± 0.07
83.3 ± 0.6
16.2 ± 0.6
0.4 ± 0.1
0.10 ± 0.03
80.0 ± 0.1
19.4 ± 0.0
0.6 ± 0.0
0.04 ± 0.02
82.1 ± 0.3
17.6 ± 0.3
0.2 ± 0.0
76.3 ± 0.1
23.5 ± 0.0
0.3 ± 0.1
80.7 ± 0.3
18.4 ± 0.4
0.8 ± 0.1
0.05 ± 0.03
78.1 ± 0.5
20.8 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 0.2
0.09 ± 0.03
92.1 ± 0.2
7.5 ± 0.2
0.3 ± 0.0
0.06 ± 0.00
93.6 ± 0.1
6.2 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.0
0.09 ± 0.01
83.4 ± 0.2
16.2 ± 0.2
0.3 ± 0.0
81.2 ± 0.3
18.4 ± 0.1
0.4 ± 0.2
96.1 ± 0.0
3.8 ± 0.0
0.1 ± 0.0
97.2 ± 0.1
2.8 ± 0.1
0.03 ± 0.02
98.8 ± 0.1
1.1 ± 0.0
99.0 ± 0.0
0.9 ± 0.0
85.7 ± 0.6
13.0 ± 0.6
0.6 ± 0.1
0.08 ± 0.03
86.7 ± 0.9
11.6 ± 0.3
0.5 ± 0.1
0.02 ± 0.01
95.9 ± 0.3
4.1 ± 0.3
0.0 ± 0.0
96.7 ± 0.2
3.3 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.0
95.3 ± 0.3
4.6 ± 0.3
0.0 ± 0.0
0.07 ± 0.03
96.7 ± 0.1
3.3 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.0
0.09 ± 0.02
97.7 ± 0.1
2.3 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.0
98.0 ± 0.1
2.0 ± 0.1
0.0 ± 0.0
95.6 ± 0.0
3.9 ± 0.0
0.5 ± 0.0
96.8 ± 0.1
2.8 ± 0.0
0.4 ± 0.0
86.2 ± 0.7
12.8 ± 0.1
0.5 ± 0.3
0.06 ± 0.09
87.7 ± 0.2
11.4 ± 0.4
0.5 ± 0.0
0.08 ± 0.06
96.1 ± 0.2
3.9 ± 0.2
0.0 ± 0.0
97.3 ± 0.4
2.7 ± 0.4
0.0 ± 0.0
Comparison of catabolic pathway activity and origins of metabolic intermediates in central carbon metabolism of D. shibae, P. gallaeciensis and other bacteria derived from carbon labelling experiments.
Pathways for PEP synthesis - contribution of pyruvate-orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Based on the labelling data given above, the formation of PEP from pyruvate by pyruvate-orthophosphate dikinase or via pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase would result in the presence of PEP with13C enrichment at position C1. However, the [f302] fragments of Phe and Tyr, each corresponding to the carbon atoms C1 and C2 of PEP, do not show significant enrichment of 13C (Table 1). The same holds for the [M-57] fragment, which corresponds to the entire carbon skeleton of Phe and Tyr and thus all precursors, that is, PEP and E4P. Flux quantification using Equations 4 and 5 confirms that PEP is solely synthesised by the reactions of lower glycolysis (Table 2). This is an interesting finding with respect to the recently suggested mixotrophic CO2 assimilation pathway for some members of the Roseobacter clade, which also involves the potential contribution of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) [13]. Despite the putative gene for this protein also being annotated for the species investigated here, we could clearly demonstrate that the formation of PEP from PYR is not active in vivo under the conditions studied.
Pathways for oxaloacetate synthesis - contribution of CO2assimilation and oxidative TCA cycle
Being one of the first metabolic studies of members of the Roseobacter clade using the 13C labelling experimental approach, a deeper insight into the activity of the important metabolic routes of D. shibae and P. gallaeciensis was achieved. Interestingly, the use of intracellular pathways is highly similar in the studied species D. shibae and P. gallaeciensis. This stands in surprising contrast to the overall differences in phenotypic behaviour exhibited by these two strains, since D. shibae is an algal-associated microorganism whereas P. gallaeciensis is free-living in marine habitats. However, this may be a first indication of more general key properties among members of the Roseobacter clade that explain their enormous success in the marine realm.
Strains, medium and growth conditions
The strains used in this study are the genome sequenced strains Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL12 [1] and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis DSM 17395 [14]. For cultivation of both strains a defined, synthetic seawater medium (minimal medium) was used [25], containing the following components per litre of medium: 4.0 g NaSO4, 0.2 g KH2PO4, 0.25 g NH4Cl, 20.0 g NaCl, 3.0 g MgCl2·6 H2O, 0.5 g KCl and 0.15 g CaCl2·2 H2O, 0.19 g NaHCO3, 1 ml trace element solution and 10 ml vitamin solution. The final glucose concentration in the medium was in the range of 0.4 to 0.9 g l-1. The trace element solution contained 2.1 g Fe(SO4)·7 H2O, 13 ml 25% (v/v) HCl, 5.2 g Na2EDTA·2 H2O, 30 mg H3BO3, 0.1 g MnCl2·4 H2O, 0.19 g CoCl2·6 H2O, 2 mg CuCl2·2 H2O, 0.144 g ZnSO4·7 H2O and 36 mg Na2MoO4·2 H2O per litre. The vitamin solution for D. shibae contained the following components per litre: 0.2 g biotin, 2.0 g nicotinic acid and 0.8 g 4-aminobenzoic acid. All solutions were sterilised separately and mixed at room temperature prior to inoculation. For carbon labelling experiments 99% [1-13C] glucose (Euriso-Top, Saint-Aubin, France) was used as substrate. The cultivations were carried out on orbital shakers at 200 rpm in 500 ml shaken flasks with a culture volume of 50 ml at 37°C (D. shibae) and 28°C (P. gallaeciensis). To ensure comparable conditions between the two microorganisms and avoid any potential influencing effects of phototrophy in D. shibae, both organisms were cultivated in the light. Under these conditions, no bacteriochlorophyll is synthesised D. shibae [1] and therefore no active photosystem is present that might affect energy metabolism and thus induce changes in the fluxes through the main metabolic pathways.
Cell concentration was monitored by measuring the optical density (OD) at 600 nm or by gravimetry [26]. The 13C labelling pattern of the amino acids contained in the cell protein was determined as follows [27]. Cells were harvested during exponential growth phase at half-maximal optical density including a washing step in 0.9% NaCl solution, followed by lyophilisation. Subsequently, 4 mg of lyophilised cells was resuspended in 200 μl of 6 M HCl and incubated at 110°C for 24 h. The obtained hydrolysate was neutralised by addition of 6 M NaOH and cleared of insoluble matter (0.2 μm centrifugal filter device Ultrafree MC, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Subsequently, 50 μl of the hydrolysate was transferred to a 2 ml sample vial, lyophilised and derivatised at 80°C for 60 min with 50 μl N, N-dimethylformamide (Carl Roth, Karslruhe, Germany) containing 0.1% (v/v) pyridine and 50 μL N-methyl-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MBDSTFA, Macherey-Nagel, USA). GC/MS measurements were carried out as described earlier [27]. Subsequent MS data processing was carried out according to Fürch et al. [18] and Lee et al. [28, 29].
Preparation of cell extracts for enzyme activity measurements
Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 10,000 g for 10 min, washed twice with 100 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) containing 20 mM KCl, 5 mM MnSO4, 2 mM DTT and 0.1 mM EDTA, and then resuspended in the same buffer. Afterwards the cells were disrupted by sonification for 1 min using an ultrasonic disrupter (Sonifier W250 D, Branson, Danbury, USA) with an amplitude of 30%. Cell debris was removed by centrifugation. The resulting crude cell extract was immediately used to determine specific enzyme activity. All operations were carried out on ice.
Enzyme assays
Enzyme activities in crude cell extract were measured spectrophotometrically. All compounds of the reaction mixture were pipetted into a cuvette with a 1 cm light path and reactions were initiated by adding the cell extract or substrate respectively. The total protein concentration of the crude cell extract was determined using RotiQuant (Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). The overall activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase (EDD) and 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase (EDA) was measured using a two-step reaction [30]. For this purpose 0.8 μmol 6-phosphogluconate, 1 μmol MgCl, 5 μmol Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.65) and 100 μl of extract were incubated in a total volume of 0.5 ml for 5 min at room temperature. The reaction was stopped by dilution with 2 ml of the same buffer and then by heating in a boiling water bath for 2 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant solution was assayed for pyruvate with NADH and lactate dehydrogenase according to Peng and Shimizu [31]. The activity of 6-phosphofructosekinase (PFK) in the crude cell extract was assayed as described by Gancedo and Gancedo [32]. The reaction mix contained 50 mM imidazole HCl (pH 7.0), 0.05 mM ATP, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, 0.25 mM NADH, 0.25 mM fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), 0.5 U aldolase, 0.5 U glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and 0.5 U triosephosphate isomerase.
Metabolic flux calculations
Metabolic flux calculations were performed as described previously [18]. Briefly, metabolic flux ratio analysis was used to gain information about the flux distribution at important branch points within the network. As several alternative pathways may lead to a particular product, the fractional contribution (metabolic flux ratio) of each pathway was determined based on the molecular mass distributions of the reactants and the product according to Fischer and Sauer [33]. For the performed calculations, corrected mass spectra of selected fragments of serine, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartate and glutamate were used in this study (see Table 1). As the amino acids are synthesised from precursor metabolites of the central carbon metabolism with a known and well conserved carbon transition, their labelling pattern can be used to conclude the corresponding labelling pattern of their precursors [34]. To gain important information about the position of the labelling within the molecule, different fragments were considered simultaneously. In general, TBDMS-derivatised amino acids yield characteristic fragments by electron impact ionisation. The [M-57] fragment of each amino acid contains the complete carbon backbone, whereas the [M-85] fragment lacks the carbon at the C1 position that corresponds to the carbon atom of the carboxyl group of the amino acid. The third fragment considered - [f302] - always contains the C1 and C2 carbon of the corresponding amino acid.
In Eq. (1) index X indicates the product molecule whereas the consecutive numbers 1 through n represent reactant molecules of alternative pathways contributing to the mass distribution of the product pool. The corresponding fractional amount of each pathway f can then be calculated by considering two additional constraints: (i) all fractions must have a positive value and (ii) their sum has to equal 1. A more detailed description will be given in the following respective sections.
Theoretical framework for flux estimation
To carry out metabolic flux calculations for D. shibae and P. gallaeciensis, a metabolic network was constructed based on genome data (GenBank accession numbers NC_009952 [D. shibae] and NZ_ABIF00000000 [P. gallaeciensis]). As we focused on the central carbon metabolism, the major catabolic routes for glucose as well as the reactions linking the C3 and C4 pools were considered. In terms of glucose catabolism, the annotated genome revealed the presence of the genes encoding for glycolytic enzymes, enzymes of reactions in both the PPP and the ED pathway and TCA cycle. For D. shibae, pyruvate carboxylase (PYRCx) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCk) were found to be the interconnecting reactions between the C3 and the C4 pool. Furthermore, a gene encoding for pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is annotated, indicating a potential exchange flux between the PYR and PEP pool. A summary of all reactions considered is presented in Figure 1. To resolve the metabolic fluxes through catabolic pathways and around important branch points within the metabolic network, appropriate approaches involving the mass patterns of different amino acid fragments were developed.
Strategy for the estimation of glucose catabolic fluxes
Strategy for estimating fluxes around the PEP pool
- [1-13C] glucose:
Glucose labelled at C1-position
- AcCoA:
Acetyl-Coenzyme A
- Ala:
labelling experiment
2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Mass distribution vector
Optical density
- PEPCk:
pckA: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Phe:
Pentose phosphate pathway
ppdK Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase
- PYRCx:
pycA: Pyruvate carboxylase
Ribose 5-phosphate
- Ser:
Tricarboxylic acid
- Tyr:
JT and IWD gratefully acknowledge the support of the Volkswagen Foundation under the grant VW-Vorab (ZN 2182, "Comparative functional genome analysis of representative members of the Roseobacter Clade"). We are grateful to Renate Gahl-Janssen (Oldenburg) for technical assistance. HZ and RR acknowledge support from of the Volkswagen Foundation under the grant VW-Vorab (ZN2235, "Comparative functional genome analysis of representative members of the Roseobacter clade") and the Marine Microbiology Initiative of the Moore Foundation (USA).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
FMRI measurement of brain activities to major and minor chords and cadence sequences
2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC'10 (2010)
- PubMed: 21097307
Brain activities to major and minor chords and to major and minor cadence sequences were measured by sparse scanning fMRI. Areas activated by major and minor chords and cadence sequences were examined. Some of them are known to be related to emotion, motivation, arousal or reward. In general, minor chords activated larger areas of brain regions than major chords. Some activated areas have not been especially associated with emotion or music processing. Cadence results are somewhat ambiguous probably due to the control sequence used. Also individual differences were considerable in both experiments.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sir Ian McKellen was the winner of the BBC Audio Drama Award 2015 for Best Actor in an Audio Drama (for Eugenie Grandet)
Sir Ian McKellen reads The Valley of Fear, the last of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's four Sherlock Holmes novels.
The mystery begins with a coded warning of imminent danger, drawing the illustrious Sherlock Holmes and the faithful Dr. Watson to a secluded English country home. A trail of bewildering clues leads to sleuthing in the finest Holmesian tradition and the gripping backstory of a cult that terrorized a valley in the American West.
First broadcast as Book at Bedtime on BBC Radio 4.
©2015 BBC Worldwide (P)2015 BBC Worldwide
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"Loved it"
Not my favorite Holmes story overall, but a really nice performance by Ian McKellan. I don't regret purchasing this one at all!
"Well done, but not classic"
I purchased based on the narrator. I enjoy his work and I am a huge fan of Conan Doyle. I found that this story did not have the Holmsian flare I have come to expect. Worth listening, but don't expect too much.
"McKellen has limited range"
He doesn't have the requisite vocal range to go solo on a book with so many characters. Given the richness of British accents, You need someone who can cover more regional accents. This is exemplified by Benedict Cumberbatch, for example.
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The Student STEM + Entrepreneurship ConferenceMarch 4, 2017 from 8am to 9pm
Global Collaboration Meet Up at SxSWeduMarch 6, 2017 from 5pm to 6pm
Hi Dana, welcome to the Globaledcon ning. Please take time to look around this site, join some groups, share in the conversations and make friends. Hope you can join us for our exciting Global Education Conference next week. The sessions are online and free, with some fabulous global presenters.


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Youth Basketball Clinic
North Meadow Recreation Center (mid-Park at 97th Street)
12:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Improve your
game on and off the court
with this interactive
clinic focusing on skills, sportsmanship, and team play. Ages 9-17.
Saturday, May 25, 2013
Time: 12:00 PM - 2:00 PM
Repeat every week until 10/31/2013
About Us
Privacy Policy
Contact Us
Central Park Conservancy, 14 E. 60th St, New York, NY, 10022 Phone: 212.310.6600
©2016, Central Park Conservancy. All Rights Reserved.


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Greetings Guest!!Dismiss Notice
In order to combat SPAM on the forums, all users are required to have a minimum of 2 posts before they can submit links in any post or thread.
Why the towns invasions aren't being respawned?
Discussion in 'UO Siege Perilous' started by RedDaTeef, Nov 4, 2008.


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A brand for a coffee hot, seductive and stimulating as the Rumba dance ....
oh, excelent logo. very nice execution.
It's very nice.
The font choice is very nice. Maybe try to put coffee under RUMBA?
RUMBA coffee sounds better to me :-)
very good idea ... Thank you loveley guys again ... !!
Well, to be honest, your logo invited me to say something :) I really like it.
I've changed the type thing ... but under "latest logos" there's still the old one ... modern times ... technology ...
boaa ...
It's a caching thingie - it will update soon.
yessss - I see - ... ;)
your credit, Lorena. you designed it ;-)
looks good with the coffee placed under RUMBA.
yyeeeessssss !!!
This is brilliant!
Awesoome! Great Feel!
thank you very much ... !
Awesome idea!


text:
In a message dated 2/27/00 9:32:19 PM Eastern Standard Time,
email@example.com writes:
<< I have heard squirrels are territorial. If you remove them from an area,
new ones will move in and fill the void. Kind of like renters, evict
and get new tenants.
Ray, that is true. But I am willing to be persistent. I ran upon a website
once that was devoted to squirrels. Or I should say devoted to eliminating
them, all from a humorous point of view.
My poor dad would walk for miles through the woods to hunt squirrels and
would hardly ever get the days quota (6) during squirrel season. Here I am
in suburbia and you could shoot six squirrels in my backyard at any time, if
the neighbors wouldn't mind that is. Between the squirrel lovers and the gun
haters it is not a possibility.
I will just use my stealthy have a heart. N.
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
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text:
Understanding Emotions
2nd Revised edition
By (author) Keith Oatley Dacher Keltner Jennifer Jenkins
Format: Paperback
Checking availability...
Understanding Emotions by Keith Oatley
Book DescriptionKeith Oatley and Jennifer M. Jenkins' best-selling book on the psychology of emotions is the most highly regarded and engaging text for the emotions course. While retaining its interdisciplinary breadth, historical insights, and engaging format, this new edition adds the expertise of outstanding researcher and dedicated teacher Dacher Keltner.The second edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the latest research and developments in emotions and includes the following features: cohesive synthesis of evolutionary and cultural approaches to emotion, new chapters on communication of emotion, bodily changes, and appraisal, increased emphasis on interpersonal implications of emotions, including studies of newly discovered expressions and systems of communication, new coverage on moral judgment, individual differences, gene-environment interactions, and positive emotions, new coverage of subjective well-being and pro-social emotions like gratitude and compassion, updated references throughout reflect current research and data, including research on affective neuroscience, and a new design and pedagogical features.It includes new integrated boxes that depict historical landmarks and historical figures, updated tables, boldfaced terms, and end-of-chapter summaries. An Instructor's Manual with lecture notes and teaching tips is available upon request.
Buy Understanding Emotions book by Keith Oatley from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9781405131032
(246mm x 191mm x 29mm)
Pages: 536
Imprint: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Publish Date: 10-Jan-2006
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author Keith Oatley
Understanding Emotions, Paperback (August 2013)
Keith Oatley's 3 rd edition of Understanding Emotions emphasizes the value of emotions and explores the latest research with practical concerns for clinical problems, education and everyday understanding. The text extends across a broad range of disciplines and covers the entire lifespan from infancy to adulthood.
Passionate Muse, Hardback (April 2012)
Keith Oatley is both a novelist and research psychologist. This book is a hybrid text that alternates sections of an original short story with chapters of psychological exploration of the emotions experienced as we read this story, and as we read fiction generally.
Such Stuff as Dreams, Paperback (July 2011)» View all books by Keith Oatley
Such Stuff as Dreams explores how fiction works in the brains and imagination of both readers and writers. In this ground-breaking work, Oatley richly illustrates how fiction represents, at its core, a model that readers construct in collaboration with the writer.
» Have you read this book? We'd like to know what you think about it - write a review about Understanding Emotions book by Keith Oatley and you'll earn 50c in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars (you must be a member - it's free to sign up!)
Author Biography - Keith Oatley
Keith Oatley is Director of the Cognitive Science Program, University of Toronto. He is the author of more than 130 scholarly articles and seven books, including Emotions: A Brief History (Blackwell, 2004), and two novels. Dacher Keltner is professor of psychology at University of California at Berkeley, and the author of more than 80 scholarly articles and one book. He received the 2000 Templeton Positive Psychology Prize for Excellence in Research, and two university-wide teaching awards at UC Berkeley. Jennifer M. Jenkins is Professor in the Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology at the University of Toronto. She is co-editor, with Keith Oatley, of Human Emotions: A Reader (Blackwell, 1998). She now heads a large research project on gene-environment interactions in children.
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Saxum gives you industry specialists
who truly understand your needs.
While Saxum gives clients access to proven expertise in marketing communication for virtually every industry, there are several areas in which Saxum has a particularly noteworthy track record.
Telling America's great energy story.
Telling the story of energy in America is a meaningful opportunity. Saxum's experienced team has bold solutions to help your organization in an industry that faces big challenges.
The spotlight on today's health industry is unprecedented.
Saxum understands that health can be complex and overwhelming. Our experienced team can create custom solutions to tell your organization's story.
Consumers expect more from the brands they love.
Reaching target audiences has never been tougher. Saxum's team of experts is ready to develop creative solutions that will help your organization connect with your audiences.
SpecialtiesSocial Good
Making a difference requires strategic thinking and creative ideas.
Saxum's Social Good team specializes in identifying and delivering relevant programs and strategies that pay it forward for the benefit of communities and stakeholder groups alike. We accomplish goals, provide counsel and support for community relations efforts and help increase trust within your organization while building your reputation. Giving and service are good. Doing both well, and telling your great story is even better.
Entrepreneur. It's a spirit. It's a mindset. It's a philosophy. And it's our passion.
Lithos is a specialty group established at Saxum to support clients who share the entrepreneurial spirit at the core of what we do. This dedicated, focused team provides integrated marketing communication services including strategic planning, branding, media relations, social media management, website development and other creative services to clients in a variety of industries. Think of us as an "agency within an agency." Our vision is to be a trusted, valued communication partner to clients who seek to grow and thrive in Oklahoma and beyond.


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"Breaking Bad" ended its highest-rated season on Sunday (June 13), and Emmy nominations are likely to follow in July. It's also coming back for a fourth season in 2011.
A pickup for a new season is all but a done deal, according to several reports, and a formal announcement is expected on Monday. AMC and producer Sony Pictures TV haggled some over the show's per-episode budget but have come to an agreement that's pretty much in the middle of what each side had proposed.
Bryan Cranston has won two consecutive Emmys for outstanding lead actor in a drama series for playing chemistry teacher/cancer victim-turned-master meth cooker Walter White. His co-star Aaron Paul was nominated for outstanding supporting actor last year, and the show got a best drama series nod.
Cranston, Paul and the show are all contenders for repeat nominations this year; the Emmys announce the field on July 8.
"Breaking Bad" averaged 2.2 million viewers per episode (including DVR viewing) this season. The show has grown its audience in each of its three seasons.
Follow Zap2it and Zap2itRick on Twitter and Zap2it
on Facebook for the latest TV, movie and celebrity news.
credit: AMC


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Cheap Thrills Record Club USA #1 Haiku Review: Roc Marciano – Reloaded
Check out what the Cheap Thrills Record Club USA #1 out of Vermont had to say about Roc Marciano's "Reloaded," in Haiku format.
Premiere: Roc Marciano "Ruff Town" ft. Cormega
Hempstead and Queensbridge join forces in the 305 to handle some unfinished business in this new music video from Roc Marciano and Cormega.
VIDEO: Roc Marciano "Tek To A Mack" (Dallas Penn Version)
Dallas Penn gives us a DIY and NRA-friendly visual take on one of the standout tracks on Reloaded. Think Gorillaz' "Kids With Guns" "Gun control…
VIDEO: Roc Marciano "76" (Trailer)
Jason Goldwatch is a busy man. He just debuted the first in his series of "Time Pieces" and now he's shot a video with Roc…
VIDEO: Roc Marciano "Deeper" (WORLD PREMIERE)
It's finally here. We got a glimpse of 13th Witness's visuals for Roc Marciano's Deeper from his critically-acclaimed RELOADED album weeks ago and now Mass…


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Review: Netgear Digital Entertainer Live!
Netgear has made a few forays into the home entertainment market over the past few years with various networked media hubs. The Entertainer Live is Netgear�s budget offering , with an asking price of only $150. But unlike other high-end media extenders that include hundreds of gigabytes of storage, the Entertainer Live only streams data from networked sources, the Internet, or your own source. We'll discover in our full DE Live! review if this seemingly simple device hits a budgeting and feature set sweet spot.
Google Voice returning to the iPhone via Safari
Apple's removal of Google Voice apps from the App Store has not stopped developers from finding a workaround, as VoiceCentral plans to return the service to the iPhone via Safari, according to TechCrunch. The new app, known as the Black Swan edition, is entirely web-based and appears to eliminate the roadblock posed by Apple's review team.
RIAA's three-strikes rule a "scarecrow?"
The Recording Industry Association of America's ISP piracy warning deals are nothing but a public relations front, industry sources claimed yesterday. While the music label group had initially suggested it would have a deal that would disconnect repeat offenders, the purported insiders say labels wanted a "scarecrow" that would spook pirates even though the threat of disconnection couldn't legally be enforced. The aim, according to CNET, was primarily to replace the tactic of suing individual customers with an approach that still implied punishment.
Tablet rumors drive Apple stock to record high
Apple stock (AAPL) on Thursday surged to a new record high amid rampant rumors surrounding the unconfirmed tablet device. Shares reached past $209 in late day trading, up approximately 10 percent in a single week. The stock has more than doubled in value since it bottomed out around $78 in January of this year.
JVC outs upgraded wood grain in-ear headphones
Two years after launching its FX-500 wood grain earbuds, JVC today unveiled an upgrade, the HP-FX700 set. The new earbuds have better sound quality thanks to a hybrid dual cone, with a peak output of 104dB at 1mW. Frequency response range is rated at between 6Hz and 26,000Hz at 16Ω.
MSI to show Pine Trail-based Wind Top, Wind Box at CES
MSI wrapped up the holiday week with word that it would use CES to launch new versions of its Atom-based desktops that use Intel's Pine Trail platform. The 18.5-inch Wind Top AP1920 (not yet shown) should be the Taiwan designer's thinnest ever all-in-one at just under 1.4 inches deep and will come in versions with the new single-core or dual-core 1.66GHz Atom processors; the change gives it a slight speed boost but should drop power consumption even lower.
Borders has no plans for own e-book reader
Book retailer Borders Group will not build and sell its own e-book reader, the company's chief executive said recently. Instead, it will partner with Kobo on an e-book service and make its wares compatible with as many existing e-book readers as possible. The service is due to launch in the spring of 2010. Borders owns 20 percent of Kobo, which is a spin-off of Canadian book chain Indigo Books & Music.
Warner music videos reach Hulu
Warner Music Group announced this past Tuesday that it will provide its music videos, concerts and other related content to Hulu's free online video service. At the same time, Hulu users will now be able to access artist interviews and behind-the-scenes footage of recording labels that include Atlantic Records, Rhino Records and Warner Bros Records. Muse will be the first band to get their music content displayed on Hulu.
Spark, Thoughts notetaking apps debut
Two new notetaking programs have been announced. The first, Spark, handles both tasks and notes, grouping the former into projects, also syncing them with iCal. The software can be launched with a single hotkey, and can also sit in the Menu Bar in order to avoid cluttering the Dock. Spark is a free download for Snow Leopard-based Macs.
MetroPCS adds Kyocera Laylo, Domino
Handset maker Kyocera on Wednesday added two of its midrange phones, the Laylo and Domino, to the offerings at provider MetroPCS. The Laylo is a slider phone that opens to revel a vanity mirror and features a soft-touch exterior. It has a 2.2-inch display, a 1.3-megapixel camera and supports Bluetooth 2.0. Users can surf the web thanks to a WAP 2.0 browser, and the device runs on BREW 3.1.5.
NVIDIA Fermi performance scaled back?
NVIDIA has quietly scaled back the ambitions of its Fermi-based hardware, a document (PDF) on its own site may have revealed. A specs sheet for the Tesla 20 now shows even the faster hardware using 448 visual processing cores versus the publicly promised 512. It has also ramped down the internal clock for these individual cores to at most 1.4GHz, slightly lower than the current generation.
Google purchase of AdMob being investigated by FTC
The Federal Trade Commission is launching a closer investigation at Google's proposed purchase of mobile marketer AdMob for $750 million. The US antitrust regulator has requested more information regarding the deal earlier this week, according to Google. It claims to not have much cause for concern and acknowledges the tighter scrutiny is inevitable as the company grows larger.
Missing Sync for Android 1.1 leaves beta
In the wake of a brief beta period, Mark/Space has posted the finished v1.1 release of Missing Sync for Android. The app is used to sync content from a Mac or Windows system with phones based on Google's Android platform. Owners can sync music, photos and video, as well as contacts, documents and ringtones.
Ustream's iPhone app to get higher quality streaming video
Ustream has announced that its video streaming app for the iPhone 3GS will soon support higher resolutions and frame rates. The company is currently testing new encoding processes claimed to be faster than the current system. The improvements will bring picture quality comparable to basic web streaming, with potential resolutions above 640x480 pixels at up to 30 frames per second.
Japanese camera shows all visible colors
Japan-based PaPaLaB Co Ltd, a venture firm that specializes in image processing and optical measurement technologies, has shown off a unique industrial digital camera. The 10.5-megapixel YC-3300 is unique in that it can see all visible color gamuts, matching the sensitivity of the human eye. Called a full-visible-color-gamut camera, uses for the camera will include digital archiving and medical shots, where even slight variations from the original shot can pose trouble.
Syncopy for iPhone, Mac syncs clipboard contents, histories
Syncode has launched a new platform for Macs and iPhones, Syncopy. The pair of programs syncs a user's clipboard contents, regardless of location. Syncopy for Mac runs in the background, requiring no extra action beyond copying text to the clipboard. Users can sync with other Macs as well as iPhones and iPods, protected by 256-bit SSL encryption.
Windows 7 having no effect on Macs in workplace
A new ChangeWave study suggests that the release of Windows 7 and a slightly recovered economy are helping regular PC sales at work but aren't slowing down an increase in adoption of Macs at the workplace. Dell and HP should benefit from a slight increase in corporate sales with a respective 33 percent and 18 percent companies planning to buy both desktops and notebooks from the two. Apple, however, is expected to grow at the same time: while the number of companies buying Mac desktops is remaining flat at about 7 percent, the number of those buying MacBooks has grown to 10 percent.
Apple explores tactile feedback for multi-touch keyboard
Apple has filed for a patent on a touch-surface keyboard with tactile feedback, US Patent and Trademark Office documents show. A problem with typing on touchscreens is that users must typically look at the keys to know what is being pressed; by contrast, most physical keyboards allow people to gauge where their fingers are through bumps and ridges. Apple's solution would pop up an "articulating frame" whenever typing is engaged, and move it out of the way when it is not.
Yamaha intros two-piece home theater sound system
Yamaha Electronics earlier this week launched its latest home theater audio system, the YHT-S400, meant for small living rooms. The two-piece system consists of a slim sound-bar speaker and a unique subwoofer integrated into the receiver. The HD Audio compatible system has three HDMI inputs and one output and uses Yamaha's own Air Surround Xtreme techonology for a simulated 7-channel surround sound environment.
Ex-exec: Microsoft now "like IBM was in 1985"
Microsoft has reversed positions with IBM and is no longer fast or innovative, former executive and now Google employee Don Dodge says. He views the company as "like IBM was in 1985" and ready to be passed by a nimbler company such as Apple, Facebook or Google. It still has an advantage in some areas, particularly development and software, but it now has major competitors in most areas and in some cases has been eclipsed.
Qik debuts live streaming iPhone app
Having been submitted over two weeks ago, Qik's live streaming app has finally appeared at the App Store. In contrast with the earlier Qik for 3GS, which can only record and upload, Qik Live is designed for real-time broadcasting to a web audience. The app supports both 3G and Wi-Fi connections, and any model of iPhone, though the original is effectively tied to Wi-Fi hotspots.
ASUS 10-inch, multi-touch Eee PC tablet hits FCC
The FCC through a new filing has spoiled ASUS' plans to launch a larger version of its T91MT convertible tablet. The T101MT will logically have a larger 10-inch display and, as its name implies, multi-touch input. Little else is shown of the hardware besides 802.11n Wi-Fi, but the timing would dictate that the tablet uses Intel's Pine Trail platform and likely a 1.66GHz Atom N450.
China Unicom orders favor Win Mo, Symbian over iPhone
China Unicom in its next wave of phone orders will still prefer older smartphone platforms over Apple's, company general manager Zhang Zhijiang said this week. Of the carrier's mix, only 4 percent will be iPhones while 8 percent will use some variant of Windows Mobile. About 16 percent will use some variant of Symbian.
San Francisco may require phone radiation warnings
San Francisco could soon require that all cellphones sold in local stores include an easily visible warning of their radiation levels. Mayor Gavin Newsom says he hopes to pass an ordinance in January that would demand the public display of the possible effects and has backed a city commission that would call on the US government to require such labels on the packaging. The non-binding request would also ask for warnings that phones may cause brain cancer and demand that companies offer headsets to distance the phone from its owner's head.
Now AAPL Stock: 136.66 ( + 0.13 )
Cirrus creates Lightning-headphone dev kit
Apple supplier Cirrus Logic has introduced a MFi-compliant new development kit for companies interested in using Cirrus' chips to create Lightning-based headphones, which -- regardless of whether rumors about Apple dropping the analog headphone jack in its iPhone this fall -- can offer advantages to music-loving iOS device users. The kit mentions some of the advantages of an all-digital headset or headphone connector, including higher-bitrate support, a more customizable experience, and support for power and data transfer into headphone hardware. Several companies already make Lightning headphones, and Apple has supported the concept since June 2014. http://bit.ly/29giiZj
Apple Store app offers Procreate Pocket
The Apple Store app for iPhone, which periodically rewards users with free app gifts, is now offering the iPhone "Pocket" version of drawing app Procreate for those who have the free Apple Store app until July 28. Users who have redeemed the offer by navigating to the "Stores" tab of the app and swiping past the "iPhone Upgrade Program" banner to the "Procreate" banner have noted that only the limited Pocket (iPhone) version of the app is available free, even if the Apple Store app is installed and the offer redeemed on an iPad. The Pocket version currently sells for $3 on the iOS App Store. [32.4MB]
Porsche adds CarPlay to 2017 Panamera
Porsche has added a fifth model of vehicle to its CarPlay-supported lineup, announcing that the 2017 Panamera -- which will arrive in the US in January -- will include Apple's infotainment technology, and be seen on a giant 12.3-inch touchscreen as part of an all-new Porsche Communication Management system. The luxury sedan starts at $99,900 for the 4S model, and scales up to the Panamera Turbo, which sells for $146,900. Other vehicles that currently support CarPlay include the 2016 911 and the 2017 models of Macan, 718 Boxster, and 718 Cayman. The company did not mention support for Google's corresponding Android Auto in its announcement. http://bit.ly/295ZQ94
Apple employees testing wheelchair features
New features included in the forthcoming watchOS 3 are being tested by Apple retail store employees, including a new activity-tracking feature that has been designed with wheelchair users in mind. The move is slightly unusual in that, while retail employees have previously been used to test pre-release versions of OS X and iOS, this marks the first time they've been included in the otherwise developer-only watchOS betas. The company is said to have gone to great lengths to modify the activity tracker for wheelchair users, including changing the "time to stand" notification to "time to roll" and including two wheelchair-centric workout apps. http://bit.ly/2955JDa
SanDisk reveals two 256GB microSDXC cards
SanDisk has introduced two 256GB microSDXC cards. Arriving in August for $150, the Ultra microSDXC UHS-I Premium Edition card offers transfer speeds of up to 95MB/s for reading data. The Extreme microSDXC UHS-I card can read at a fast 100MB/s and write at up to 90MB/s, and will be shipping sometime in the fourth quarter for $200. http://bit.ly/294Q1If
Apple's third-quarter results due July 26
Apple has advised it will be issuing its third-quarter results on July 26, with a conference call to answer investor and analyst queries about the earnings set to take place later that day. The stream of the call will go live at 2pm PT (5pm ET) via Apple's investor site, with the results themselves expected to be released roughly 30 minutes before the call commences. Apple's guidance for the quarter put revenue at between $41 billion and $43 billion. http://apple.co/1oi1Pbm
Twitter stickers slowly roll out to users
Twitter has introduced "stickers," allowing users to add extra graphical elements to their photos before uploading them to the micro-blogging service. A library of hundreds of accessories, props, and emoji will be available to use as stickers, which can be resized, rotated, and placed anywhere on the photograph. Images with stickers will also become searchable with viewers able to select a sticker to see how others use the same graphic in their own posts. Twitter advises stickers will be rolling out to users over the next few weeks, and will work on both the mobile apps and through the browser. http://bit.ly/29bbwUE


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Dear friends,
In past project reports I've laid out the basics of why charcoal added to soils (known as bio-char or terra preta) is a win-win-win. Charcoal sequesters atmospheric CO2 for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. At the same time it creates healthy soil structure and benefits beneficial micro-organisms in soils. And, on top of all that, in our last report I described how bio-char is an Amazonian tradition, invented by the indigenous people of the region where our organization, Camino Verde, now works to plant trees and improve lives.
What I want to describe now is the integration of all these elements, the bringing together of the parts to form a whole: a vision of a more sustainable, humane future created in part by something so simple it's right under our nose.
Nothing short of a revolution. With apologies to the author of one well-titled book, this "Bio-Char Revolution" is starting to sweep the planet. And not a moment too soon. In Africa and the United States, in Australia and Latin America, people are adding charcoal to their soils and spreading the word about this powerful technology.
We at Camino Verde are excited to be a part of it. In 2012 we started by adding charcoal to our compost piles-- helping provide habitat for important micro-organisms and lock in nutrients that would otherwise be leached out-- and in our vegetable gardens. In 2013 we'll be stepping up our game: we are currently exploring options for technologies and systems to produce our own bio-char.
Our plan is to utilize bamboo-- incredibly fast-growing and pulling in more CO2 than trees-- as a renewable source of charcoal. The bamboo grows, sequestering CO2 in its woody fibers. Charring the bamboo keeps that carbon tied up in a stable form. Even composting organic matter re-releases much plant carbon as CO2 and the even more harmful methane. With charcoal the carbon stays in, for centuries or even millenia.
At the same time, we're talking with our region's largest sawmill about turning scrapwood and even sawdust into biochar. With tons of wood debris at our disposal, we hope to develop a partnership with this least likely of allies that can be repeated anywhere that wood is milled around the globe.
We've already introduced bio-char to our region and set our sights on improving the world we live in. But we can't do any of this without your help. We're grateful for your support and your interest.
With warm regards,
Project Reports on GlobalGiving are posted directly to globalgiving.org by Project Leaders as they are completed, generally every 3-4 months. To protect the integrity of these documents, GlobalGiving does not alter them; therefore you may find some language or formatting issues.
If you donate to this project or have donated to this project, you will get an e-mail when this project posts a report. You can also subscribe for reports via e-mail without donating.
We'll only email you new reports and updates about this project.
Help raise money for this important cause by creating a personalized fundraising page for this project.Start a Fundraiser


text:
Job 10New American Standard Bible (NASB)
Job Despairs of God's Dealings
10 "[a]I loathe my own life;
8 'Your hands fashioned and made me [d]altogether,
18 'Why then have You brought me out of the womb?
Cross references:
New American Standard Bible (NASB)
Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation
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UAW leader: Time is right to 'Buy American'Mon, 20, Feb 2017
America's changing political climate has created an opportunity to revive the "Buy American" movement of the past, said UAW President Dennis Williams.
Vauxhall future uncertain after GM-PSA deal and Brexit voteFri, 17, Feb 2017
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A Study by INSIDE GOOGLE JUNE 2, 2010
Executive Summary
Google's dramatic gains are revealed by an analysis of internet traffic data for more than 100 popular websites. Once upon a time, these sites primarily benefited from Google. Now, they must also compete with it. In the most comprehensive study of its kind to date, INSIDE GOOGLE obtained three years of traffic data from the respected web metrics firm Experian Hitwise, allowing an analysis of Google's business practices and performance that is unprecedented in scope.
Google has been muscling into new web markets and greatly expanding its dominance of other web commerce sectors since 2007, when the web search giant adopted a controversial new business practice aimed at steering Internet searchers to its own services.
Google's dominance in video and its huge gains in other markets such as local search and comparison shopping correlates with these increasing efforts by Google to promote its own services within search results. This
The report examines whether Google has erected "barriers to entry" in markets such as video by manipulating its search results so that users are directed primarily or exclusively toward Google's own services, such as YouTube.
The data shows that Google has established a Microsoft-like monopoly in some key areas of the web. In video, Google has nearly doubled its market share to almost 80%. That is the legal definition of a monopoly, according to the federal courts, which have held that a firm achieves "monopoly power" when it gains between 70% and 80% of a market.1
The most striking example of how this practice enables Google to muscle its way into new markets is the lucrative market for local search. Google now inserts results from Google Maps into the first page of results from most Google searches, driving enormous traffic toward Google Maps and away from competitors. Google now has more than half the market for local search.
practice, which amounts to a new business model, appears to be an abandonment of Google's pledge to provide neutral search capability.
The ultimate significance of these developments is that they spell a rapid decline in choice for consumers. Increasingly, consumers who use Google are placing themselves in a sort of virtual gated community, or what was once known as "a company town." You can go anywhere you like, as long as you use the company's roads. And you can buy anything you like, as long as you shop at the company's stores.
The Google practice, known as Universal Search, is already the subject of a complaint to the Federal Communications Commission by one British shopping-comparison website which claims Google improperly used Universal Search to depress its web traffic and steer users to a less-popular Google shopping site. While a fair case can be made that Google's offerings in maps, video, shopping and other areas are as good or better than competitors', modest differences in quality do not appear to account for such radical and rapid shifts in traffic. Among the biggest losers from Google's adoption of Universal Search is MapQuest, the venerable web site for maps and local directions, which has seen its traffic cut nearly in half since Google launched an assault on its franchise in 2007 using Universal Search, according to three years of data from the respected analytical firm Experian Hitwise.
strategy by Google to insert links from its proprietary shopping, map and video sites into the main "results" page after a search appears to have had a steroidal effect on the company's web traffic, fueling the company's breakneck growth in ad revenues.
In the same three-year period, the Hitwise data also shows, Google's YouTube has also nearly doubled its share of the video market from a little over 40% to more than 80% -- meeting the legal criteria for a monopoly. The site Photobucket, which once had nearly 20% of the video market, now has less than 3%. MySpace, another one-time contender with over 12% of video in 2007, now has less than 1%. Even ESPN has taken a thrashing, from 8% to 4%. Google is also rapidly clearing the field in still images, with its onetime main rival Photobucket going from over 31% in June of 2007 to barely
The most striking example of the power of the Universal Search strategy for Google is MapQuest, a unit of AOL which now has only 32% of the market, down from 57.24% in July 2007. The Hitwise data shows that the stark decline in visits to MapQuest was accompanied by a closely matching rise in visits to Google Maps, as Google put its own service atop all others for generic address searches. MapQuest, a unit of AOL, appears likely to soon be reduced from a dominant player in web commerce to an also-ran, due in large part to the steps taken by Google to favor its own locator service. Google is now the dominant provider of local search information with more than 51% of the market. MapQuest officials declined to comment for this report.
over 10% last month. Another one-time contender, Yahoo Images, has gone from over 12% to a bit over 7%. All of Google's competitors in image searches now have less than 10% market share, according to Hitwise. Google's own market share soared from a low of 43% in mid-2007 to over 60% last year before falling back toward the mid-50% range. Flickr, another popular site, now has less than 9%.
The Importance of Local Search
The decline of MapQuest is likely to have a big impact -- not just in ecommerce but on the larger economy. While most people think of map sites as simply a source of driving directions, they're most often used in connection with shopping trips. With the paper-based yellow and white pages dying off, most consumers now use Internet search engines to decide where to shop near their homes.2
On May 9, the New York Times reported that Verizon is seeking to halt distribution of paper white pages directories in New York State. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/08/nyregion/08verizon.html?src=me
That makes local search one of the most lucrative corners of the Internet, and also gives one company -- Google -- enormous power over the bricksand-mortar economy. While e-commerce has become a substantial economic force, the reality is that people still do most of their shopping in stores near their homes. If Google comes to dominate local search the way it dominates other areas such as video, a day may not be far off where
small businesses feel they have no choice but to engage with Google. And consumers would end up being steered, many without their knowledge, toward the local businesses that are willing to participate with Google. As the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission eye Google for possible antitrust violations, the question of whether the Mountain View search giant uses its dominant position in search to muscle its way into other businesses is vitally important. Under the definitions of U.S. antitrust law, Google already has "market dominance" in search and search advertising with over 70% of the market, much as Microsoft has market dominance for computer operating systems. That means Google, like Microsoft, could get into trouble by "bundling" its dominant product with other services as a way to seize new markets.3
The rise of Google Maps has also hammered MapQuest's once-formidable competitor, Yahoo Maps, the Hitwise data shows. Once the market leader with about 41% of traffic in 2005, according to Hitwise, by April of 2007, Yahoo had ceded about half its traffic to Google and has now slid to just 6% of the market. Microsoft's Bing has about 4.5%.
Google can certainly argue that it provides a better user experience than MapQuest or Yahoo for local search and mapping. Yet there is little question that Google's rapid ascent in local search and mapping is due less to consumer preference than to the Universal Search strategy it adopted in 2007. Universal Search shoehorns maps and relevant local hits directly into the results produced by Google's famed search algorithms.
See http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/the_anti-trust_case_that_could_be_in_the_works_aga.php and http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/magazine/17-08/mf_googlopoly
"The ascent of Google Maps is a result of the shortcut in the search results on Google," Heather Hopkins of Hitwise determined in a blog post in
Hopkins also reported that MapQuest "receives most of its search traffic from searches for its brand name - in other words from people actively searching for MapQuest." In the period she examined, about 80 percent of search queries that ended up sending a user to MapQuest were for the MapQuest name. Contrast that with Google, where only 4% of the site's search traffic came from people searching for "Google Maps" or similar branded terms.
February of 2009. "61% of visits to Google Maps came directly from Google last week."4
When Universal Search was launched in 2007 it applied to Images, Maps, Books, Video, and News. "The ultimate goal of Universal Search is to break down the silos of information that exist on the web and provide the very best answer every time a user enters a query, " Google vice president Marissa Mayer explained at the time.5 The "best answer" will appear in "a single set of blended search results," Mayer said. Contradictorily, Google continues to maintain that its search results are neutral. Said the company in its 2007 announcement: "As always, Google™ search results are ranked automatically by algorithms to deliver the best results to users anywhere in the world." It is hard to see how this can still be true, given the increasingly pronounced tilt toward its own services in Google's search results.
4 http://weblogs.hitwise.com/us-heather5
In images, Google has now opened up a gaping lead with about 55% of the market and everyone else down around 10%. Google's image numbers are inversely related to those of Photobucket, suggesting that the search engine is being used to draw traffic away in a manner similar to what is happening to MapQuest.
Images Also Shows Big Gains
In terms of hard numbers and slanted lines, nothing is more graphic than Google's increasing dominance of video, where YouTube's traffic has nearly doubled in just three years to about 80 percent of the market -- while all of its competitors now languish in the single digits. Again, it is hard to account for such crushing market power simply by branding or quality, given that Google Video is up against some of the world's biggest and best-financed brands such as Fox and Disney.
Video Killed the Hollywood Stars?
Another striking example of the market power of Universal Search is shopping price comparison websites. As documented by the British company Foundem in a submission to the Federal Communications Commission, Google's product search service has virtually annihilated several once-popular shopping-comparison sites since it was integrated into Universal Search in December 2007. 6 In November 2007, Google product search had about 1.3 million unique visitors. The next month, that figure shot up to11.9 million. By December of 2009, Google product search had more than 20 million unique visitors, making it second only to Shopzilla with 21 million, a gain of more than 1200%.
Shopping Comparison: The Foundem Case
Unique monthly US visitors to Google Product Search between January 2007 and November 2009 (Source: Foundem/ComScore).
Universal Search: How Powerful Is it?
Google still has formidable rivals in some online marketplaces and the impact of universal search in such cases is not always so easy to discern. In both books and news, competition remains fierce. Yahoo remains the leader in news with about 23% of the market and Google is far behind with only about 7%, Hitwise data shows. In books, Google lags far behind Amazon and is also slightly behind Barnes & Noble. What is unknowable is whether Google will choose to juice its market share in the future by making additional changes in Universal Search that favor its own book and news products. Google has already announced it will begin selling books as early as next month.
Here's how it works. Say you are researching the Mark Twain character Tom Sawyer. Put that name into the primary search box and you'll get a Wikipedia entry, a hit on Sparknotes, and then results from Google Images, YouTube, and Google Books -- all components of Universal Search. That takes up most of the first page, although if you scroll down far enough you eventually get to an Amazon hit. Then, if you click the "Books" tab at left, you get dozens of results only from Google Books -- even though there's nothing to indicate that by searching "books" you have been corralled into a proprietary and exclusive service of Google featuring only Google products. (Curiously, video search does not seem to be a gated community, at least not yet. Searching Tom
Universal Search makes rubbish of the notion that Google's search results are strictly neutral based on some secret recipe. The company is nonetheless moving increasingly toward this strategy of deliberately manipulating search results. Recently, Google rolled out a new look to its results page which takes another step toward pointing users to its own services by adding a permanent left-hand side navigation bar.
Sawyer in video gives you five YouTube results first, then options from Amazon, Yahoo, and others.) See how it works in the illustration below:
The results are even more striking when the search is explicitly related to a popular consumer good. Search for "organic coffee," and you're likely to get a screen dominated by Google Shopping results, Google Local Search results, a Google Checkout hit, and numerous paid ads.
The impact of Universal Search has received notice primarily among the cognoscenti of the search engine community, where one insider blog, SEOBook.com, lampooned the strategy.
Only a few of the Internet's more astute observers have picked up on how it changes the dynamic of competition in e-commerce.
Shortly after the rollout of Universal Search, web commerce guru John Battelle noted in 2008 that "Google is becoming more and more of a media company in the traditional sense in that it is driving traffic to properties it already owns.
"And whether or not it does so with transparency, and whether or not we believe that it truly is the best place to end up -- on their maps as opposed to MapQuest or whatever -- the truth is that the interface that's being created, this sort of one-box, universal blended interface that's starting to appear on Google is forcing a
renegotiation of the relationship between content owners and Google." Universal Search, concluded Battelle, is taking Google across an invisible line in the marketplace from a neutral purveyor of choices to an agent which preselects choices. "Where we used to think [Google] was great because it was just a link and they drove us a bunch of traffic and we could trust them to pick the best link, now we are competing with Google on properties." 7 Ironically, Google's competitors Yahoo and Bing have also been adopting the idea of Universal Search as a way to enhance their results and prop up properties such as Yahoo Maps, and many commentators say Google is simply responding to competition with its new approach.
But it appears that Google has been after this result for a long time. Google engineers filed their first patent for a Universal Search process on Dec. 31, 2003. 8
One of the names on that patent is Marissa Mayer, Google's vice president of Search Product & User Experience, who dates the quest back even further in a 2007 blog:
8 http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-
Back in 2001, Eric [[Schmitt] asked for a brainstorm of a few "splashy" ideas in search. A designer and product manager at the time, I made a
Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/searchadv.html&r=1&p=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&S1=20050165744.PGNR.&OS=dn/20050165744&RS=DN /20050165744 16
few mockups -- one of which was for 'Universal Search.' It was a sample search results page for Britney Spears that, in addition to web results, also had news, images, and groups results right on the same page. Even then, we could see that people could easily become overwhelmed with the number of different search tools available on Google -- let alone those that would be created over the next few years. This proliferation of tools, while useful, has outgrown the old model of search. We want to help you find the very best answer, even if you don't know where to look. That mockup and early observations were the motivation behind the Universal Search effort we announced earlier today. 9
Mayer paints the Universal Search project in the sort of humanitarian, semi-Orwellian language that regularly comes out of Mountain View.
The reality is a bit more crass: Universal Search now populates the top of the results page mainly with results from Google's own product lines. These changes bring the search giant several steps closer to a closed ecosystem where real consumer choice no longer exists.
"With Universal Search, we're attempting to break down the walls that traditionally separated our various search properties and integrate the vast amounts of information available into one simple set of search results," she writes. "We want to help you find the very best answer, even if you don't know where to look."


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"Unternehmen Barbarossa"De Gruyter 1993; US$ 116.72
12 renommierte Historiker des In- und Auslandes greifen analysierend, strukturierend und bilanzierend die Frage nach Vorgeschichte und Geschichte des "Unternehmens Barbarossa" auf, des �berfalls des Deutschen Reichs auf die Sowjetunion am 22. Juni 1941. Die Beitr�ge sind Ergebnis einer wissenschaftlichen Tagung, die das Milit�rgeschichtliche... more...
'Volk' bei Otto von BismarckDe Gruyter 2009; US$ 180.41
This historical semantic study examines Otto von Bismarck?s use of the term Volk (?people?) and its synonyms such as Nation or Stamm (?tribe?). It shows that the expressions are multiply polysemous and that individual meanings can be bundled together into concepts (state community, cultural community etc.). Bismarck employs certain repetitive... more...
(Re:)Working the GroundPalgrave Macmillan 2011; US$ 100.00
This collection of essays focuses on the remarkable group of texts comprising the late writings of Robert Duncan. Although praised by reviewers, Duncan's last two books of poetry have yet to receive the critical attention they merit. Written by a cast of emerging and established scholars, these essays bring together a diverse set of approaches to... more...
The 1848 Revolutions in German-Speaking EuropeTaylor and Francis 2014; US$ 70.95
In 1848 the continent of Europe was rocked by revolutions: only Great Britain and Russia remained relatively immune to the upheaval. Most spectacularly, the Revolutions swept across the German-speaking lands of central Europe, with the newly-released forces of nationalism and mass popular protest smashing the reactionary Metternich regimes which had... more...
1983De Gruyter 2014; US$ 159.18
1983 was one of the tensest years of the Cold War. This volume publishes 389 documents for the first time that reveal West Germany?s efforts to maintain East-West dialogue in the face of intensified confrontation between the two blocs and to prevent collapse of the process of European unification. Among the successes were the decision... more...
2000 Jahre VarusschlachtDe Gruyter 2012; US$ 116.72
On the occasion of the 2000-year anniversary of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, archeologists, historians, and art historians assembled at the Freie Universit�t of Berlin for a special lecture series. This volume documents this interdisciplinary conference and presents an exemplary range of different research perspectives for exploring... more...
AQA Germany 1919-1945 for SHP GCSEHodder Education 2011; US$ 20.78
An authoritative new Germany depth study from the Schools History Project (SHP) preparing candidates for exam success in AQA's most recent SHP Specification more...
Access to History: Democracy and Nazism: Germany 1918-45 for AQAHodder Education 2015; US$ 25.83
Give your students the best chance of success with this tried and tested series, combining in-depth analysis, engaging narrative and accessibility. Access to History is the most popular, trusted and wide-ranging series for A-level History students. This title: - Supports the content and assessment requirements of the 2015 A-level History specifications... more...
Access to History: From Second Reich to Third Reich Germany 1918-45 for EdexcelHodder Education 2008; US$ 22.38
Revised and updated for the 2008 Edexcel specifications. more...
Access to History: The Unification of Germany and the challenge of Nationalism 1789-1919 Fourth EditionHodder Education 2015; US$ 25.83
Give your students the best chance of success with this tried and tested series, combining in-depth analysis, engaging narrative and accessibility. Access to History is the most popular, trusted and wide-ranging series for A-level History students. This title: - Supports the content and assessment requirements of the 2015 A-level History specifications... more...


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The core is a slitscan machine (thanks to Rob Ramirez for his help, in 2013...) I have been playing around with it since a couple of years and finally made it to the point of presenting it as an installation.
BeatLines 2 is a sample based step sequencer. Redesigned GUI | New DSP beat engine | New features.Features:
The International Transducer Orchestra is a project initiated By Koka Nikoladze, Bernt Isak Wærstad and Amund Ulvestad.
Max 7 is the middle man between OSC (UDP) messages from an Arduino Uno and Ableton Live.
I created a patch that reads the Wii XYZ values, sent them over to Jit.LCD to draw with the values.
It's possible to create musical sequences just moving one hand? I tried with this "work in progress" project. This is an early stage of the patches but I tried to do a little demonstration. There are many musical ideas behind each patch, starting from Theremin-like reading of acoustic samples going through more "conductor" style response of several multilayered track. More infos and developments coming soon.
Rose Engine is a piece of software for non objective filmmaking.
Pipilan is a program developed in Max for composing with gamelan and electronics (more information and downloadable version here).
Here is a messy patch of the Live-Coding I did at the Mandurah Stretch Festival on Saturday the 2nd of May 2015.
Created an interactive environment for participants to explore using their body as the controller for a fully immersive experience.
SIPA is a Stereoscopic Internal Projection Apparatus.
Umbra is an interactive dance performance that uses Max/Msp and Jitter along with a webcam to track the dancers movement which is manipulated with Jitter in real time.
Compositor Software solution to an artificial intelligence problem lies well beyond a conventional modelling of neural networks and uses time-and-space relationships of real-time digital signal processing.
TEXT TONE is an interactive mobile phone based sound sculpture created out of broken and obsolete telephone technology.
Fragmente der Schweiz is an installation created for the Swiss consulate and Swissnex in Rio de Janiero.
This project is an interactive database visualization of the "Medienarchiv der Künste".
In our settled, common world the object is solid, unique and can only exist in one place at a time.


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Catalogue Number: FG6-ZX3L
- Author: Frankie Henry,Katie Wearing
- Format:Mixed media product
- Publisher:Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
- Published:30 March 2007
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Product description
- Total Pages: 32
- Genre: Music: general interest (Children's Teenage)
- Illustrations: bw line & decorative
This pupil's book provides a lively and comprehensive introduction to the very first steps of playing the cello. It is part of the Abracadabra Strings Beginners series, a new series of string tutors designed to precede our existing Abracadabra books. All the titles in the series work in conjuction with each other, making them ideal for ensemble, group and whole class tuition. Used alone they remain perfect for indivdual lessons. The book contains activities, games and pieces that teach the fundamentals of playing the cello : good posture (with and without the instrument), bow hold, finger position and pitch awareness as well as developing rhythm and notation reading. The CD also aids pitch development with performances of the pieces and backing tracks to motivate pupils to practise pieces and activities outside of their lessons. The basics are constantly reinforced and revisited with the pupils building up to 'performance pieces' that combine and showcase all of the skills they have developed.
Author's Biography
Frankie Henry is cello specialist and highly experienced teacher. She is the Head of the Centre for Young Musicians (CYM) in Tower Hamlets, and also teaches for five other London LEAs. Katie Wearing is a highly experienced teacher of the violin. She teaches violin pedagogy at the Royal Northern College of Music and violin and viola at the Royal Northen's Junior Department. Katie has experience of working with many different teaching methods, including Kodaly, and is a specialist in Dalcroze and Eurhythmics.


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GO YE FOUNDATION is a name that has been taken from the BIBLE-Mark 16:15
"GO YE..." Is caring for orphans, widows, children living on the streets,slums together with the poor people. Orphans in some Countries are taken care of by the welfare state, so all of our effort is to support them in countries where there is no welfare state. We have many children and widows who are in need of help. HIV aids seems to be a very big producer of widows and orphans particularly in Africa, and also wars, but we obviously also expect to help widows and orphans from every cause. Since we started , we have not been able to cope with the numbers; we have helped where we can, but the need is very great. The widows and orphans are supported as funds allow.
The funds we get will help with food, clothes, shelter, for them, and a Christian education where needed. At present we own no orphanages in Africa, but we are greatly in need of even one for the start. God severely rebuked Israel for not helping widows and orphans. This is what he told them to do in order to get their sin forgiven, "judge for the orphan, plead for the widow." (Isaiah 1:17), and this is what we are doing by putting up this website. Go Ye Foundation is serious about doing what God has commanded. One of its objectives which is written in our constitution reads:
- To Promote and encourage formal education and assisting orphans, disable,widows, street children and poor people.
As impossible as it appears in the natural, we have taken on this task by faith in order to fulfil the words of Jesus Christ:
"For I was hungry, and you gave me food; I was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in; without clothes, and you clothed me; ... For as much as you have done it to one of the least of these my brethren, you have done it to me." (Matthew 25:35-40).
The alternative is to meet him one day and hear these words:
"For I was hungry, and you did not give me food; I was thirsty, and you did not give me drink; I was a stranger, and you did not take me in; without clothes, and you did not clothe me; ... For as much as you have not done it to one of the least of these my brethren, you have not done it to me." (Matthew 25:42-45).
The difference can affect our eternal destination:
"And these will go away into everlasting punishment; but the righteous into eternal life." (Matthew 25:46).


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Univers Revolved
€ 16,99
Lieferbar innert 2 Wochen
Mai 2004
BeschreibungWhat if we had a 21st-century alphabet to go with our 21st-century brains? Designer and art director Ji Lee updates our ancient letterforms with a three-dimensional typeface that he calls "Univers Revolved, using a 3-D computer modeling program to create letters and manipulate them in space. As in any reading primer, he begins with simple words and moves on to sentences and then stories and poems, all arrayed in dizzying arrangements that are challenging and fun to decipher.
These sleek word puzzles reawaken in us a childlike sense of discovery that the strange shapes of the alphabet form meaningful messages. Whether viewed as a collection of newly invented puzzles (with an insert providing solutions), a feast of dazzlingly beautiful designs, or an invitation to rethink the way we experience reading in our everyday lives, "Univers Revolved is an entirely new concept in book publishing.
PortraitCurrently a teacher at Parsons School of Design as well as freelance art director and designer in New York, Ji Lee is an accomplished and recognized young designer. His work has been featured in Abbott Miller's Dimensional Typography, and was highlighted in the special technology issue of the New York Sunday Times Magazine. Born in Seoul, Korea, he moved with his family to Sao Paolo, Brazil as a young boy before coming to New York to study design at Parsons. After stints at top design firms such as Franfurt Balking and Tsang and Seymore, Lee was a finalist in the Saatchi and Saatchi Innovation in Communication award competition. He has worked as Art Director for Saatchi & Saatchi, New York, for the past four years. His work will also be appearing in 10X10 Design, forthcoming from Phaidon.
Untertitel: A Three-dimensional Alphabet. 64 illustrations. Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: Abrams
Erscheinungsdatum: Mai 2004
Seitenanzahl: 64 Seiten
Format: gebunden
Alle Preise inkl. MwSt., ggf. zzgl. Versandkosten