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Taleo Acquires Vurv — The Land Grab Continues
Posted by Site Administrator on May 6, 2008
- 326 Recommendations
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Taleo announced a definitive agreement today to acquire Vurv for $128.8 million in cash and stock amidst record financial results. Over the next month Taleo is going to identify how to best integrate the new company and report back to the market, but some initial thoughts are:
- This acquisition is very similar to competitor Kenexa's acquisition of BrassRing for $115 million in October, 2006. The main difference is Taleo has a dominant existing applicant tracking system (ATS), whereas Kenexa was looking to fill a product gap along with rolling up customers. This means that Taleo's acquisition is much more of a land grab than Kenexa's.
- Taleo will acquire two net-new products — compensation management and transition management.
- Compensation management is a fairly standard component of vendors offering performance management software to enable pay-for-performance and, if tightly integrated, will make Taleo more competitive in the performance management space.
- Transition management is a product that helps manage off-boarding. It is a decision support tool that supports management during workforce reductions, mergers, and acquisitions. This product is unique to the market, and critical to end-to-end recruiting offering.
- Taleo will now have competing products for performance management and recruiting management. I expect these products to run independently for the short-term with a heavy push of migrating performance customers to Taleo's new performance management platform. Customers with highly customized instances of Vurv's recruiting product (we know you are out there) are at the greatest risk because they will either be forced onto one of the SaaS platforms or suffer from limited support of their customized software.
- Vurv has always struck me as a vibrant, innovative company with much of its zeal coming from CEO Derek Mercer. In Taleo's conference call, Taleo CEO Michael Gregoire stated that Mercer would only stay on for a short period of time. Taleo will need to be careful to protect Vurv's culture or deliberately integrate it into theirs.
A month from now we will know a lot more about the integration strategy of the recently announced acquisition, but it is safe to say that there are now two dominant companies (not necessarily products) in the talent acquisition space — Kenexa and Taleo.
Zach Thomas, Senior Analyst
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This item is in stock in our East and West Coast warehouses
Coralife Aqua Gloves are full-arm length with elastic bands to hold them snugly on the upper arm. The gloves measure 28" in total length and are made of the finest PVC material with fiber-reinforced sleeves. The Aqua Gloves are designed to allow the hobbyist to work efficiently inside the aquarium without contaminating the water. The gloves keep arms and hands completely dry, thus avoiding any possibility of skin contact with the water and its inhabitants, which prevents stings and allergic reactions.
Dimensions: 13.25in x 5in x 2in
Dimensions: 13.25in x 5in x 2in
Coralife Aquarium Supplies
Coralife is one of the market's leading manufacturers of premium aquarium products. The brand is best known for their comprehensive line of aquarium lights, protein skimmers and calcium reactors. Coralife's unique line of aquarium accessories—protective gloves for maintenance and coral propagation, accurate and affordable digital thermometers and hydrometers—set Coralife apart from other brands and have created quite a following among aquarium hobbyists. With an ever-expanding and diverse product line coupled with customer support that is second-to-none, Coralife sets the bar high for aquarium supply manufacturers and they will no doubt continue to wow aquarists with their innovative, low-cost solutions for years to come.
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In two closely watched cases, the Supreme Court yesterday issued its opinions in Octane Fitness, LLC v. ICON Health & Fitness, Inc. (Supreme Court docket number 12-1184) and Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Mgmt. Sys., Inc. (Supreme Court docket number 12-1163). The issue in both cases centered on the attorney fee-shifting provision of 35 U.S.C. § 285, which simply reads: "The court in exceptional cases may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party." In Octane, a mostly unanimous court (Justice Scalia did not join footnotes 1-3) held that "an 'exceptional' case is simply one that stands out from others with respect to the substantive strength of a party's litigating position (considering both the governing law and the facts of the case) or the unreasonable manner in which the case was litigated." Octane, slip op. at 7-8. Of course, it should come as no surprise that the Court required such a determination to be made "considering the totality of the circumstances." Id. at 8. Finally, the Court left the determination of whether a case is "exceptional" to the discretion of the district court judge. Therefore, the outcome of Highmark necessarily followed (this time unanimously): "We therefore hold that an appellate court should apply an abuse-of-discretion standard in reviewing all aspects of a district court's §285 determination." Highmark, slip op. at 5. This is true, even though "questions of law may in some cases be relevant to the §285 inquiry." Both cases were vacated and remanded.
These cases have been watched closely because of their potential impact on so-called "patent trolls." The outcome will make it much easier for a trial courts to shift the fees to the non-prevailing party if it believes that the litigation was brought or conducted in an abusive manner. It will also make it more difficult for an appeals court to overturn such a determination. These decisions also come as the Senate is working out a compromise on a new fee-shifting provision to the patent statute. It might be prudent, therefore, to put legislative reform efforts on hold (especially with regard to § 285), until the impact of these decisions can be ascertained.
Patent Docs will provide additional analysis of these opinions in a subsequent post.
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Just wanted to introduce myself, I'm from Tamarac (South) Florida and I have not bought a jeep yet but I'm looking. I have an automotive backround but never seemed to be in a position to buy a jeep. Now I am :punk:! All I know is that it will be a used jeep, not too concerned about specific years, just having a hard time finding decent 4.0 instead of 2.5. Seems like there is alot more 4 cyls outh there. Anyone got a jeep to sell in FL? I'm buyin' LOL.
Guess that's enough babbling for now.
I wouldn't be scared of a 2.5, there's no hills in FL : ).... I would try to get a 97 or newer, I've owned a 79 and a 86 CJ-7, a 92 Wrangler and just got a 00 TJ. The TJ is the most comfortable, fun one yet (and I haven't even put tires on it yet)!
Welcome to the forum! Good luck in your search!
Welcome to WF. Your Jeep will show up. Just keep your eyes on Craig's List and Auto Trader. There is one out there for you. Happy hunting.
Welcome aboard! In addition to looking for a TJ with a 4.0 I suggest trying to find one with a Dana 44 rear axle. They aren't as common in a TJ but if you can find an Unlimited LJ it will have the D44 already.
Welcome to the forum!
welcome :wavey:
Welcome to the forum! Post pics as soon as u find it!
Welcome to the forum!
welcome to the forum.
Thanks for the tips, I am on the hunt and I'm sure I'll find a good canidate soon.
welcome to the forum... check out craigslist and see what you can find... dont rush it... find the one you want... i would go for a 4.0 if i were you but if you test a 2.5 and like it then go for that
This may belong somewhere else, but how do I test the 4WD on a used TJ or YJ (if that matters). I'm sure I will be looking at a jeep in someones driveway so off road testing is not going to be an option. How do I know if it is engaging and working properly?
Welcome to the forum. Be patient and you'll know when you find the right one. I bought my '04 5 years ago and have never regretted it. The one thing I'd do different is NOT buy the 4 cylinder again. But, to be fair, I drive it every day in hilly southeast Tennessee near the Cherokee National forest and it's not that bad. Just wish it had more power on the interstate and the occasional times I need to get moving quickly.
Welcome to WF runner. :wavey: Don't worry if it takes a while to find the perfect Jeep. It took my 4 months to find one. ;)
Welcome and as other have said - You will know it when you see it :cool:-It took me over three months to find mine and it was the complete opposite of what I was looking for originally -- haha she called my name:wavey:
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text:
Standing together
Swaying back and forth
In synchronicity
Our arms touch
I turn to apologize
Our eyes meet
We soften
You moisten your lips
Sliding your tongue
First across one
Then across the other
I swallow
We're jostled together
Your hair brushes my face
I inhale
I shiver
You smile
I smile
We stop
You get off
I hope for tomorrow
The bus moves on
© Copyright 2017 pDaisy. All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Poetry
Book / Gay and Lesbian
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Short Story / Humor
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My Trackers
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Long Time, No See
Saturday, June 09, 2012
it's been a while since I've been around... mostly due in part to really bad internet. but also, since starting the meds, I notice I don't worry as much about food making me fat anymore. so my doctor thinks the "eating disorder" was just a symptom of my depression. every once in a while though, I screw up something, and think to punish myself by starving, but I shake myself back to my senses. I do have to admit though that gaining 4 pounds in a month and a half really bothers me...
work has been going well. I like all the girls, and have gotten relatively confident in my abilities. I'm still far too shy, and my joints start killing me way too early in the day. I only wish I were allowed to sit sometimes. the actual work is exhausting, but standing there all day just hoping for customers saps me of any real energy.
I've been sick the last few days with a cold... thankfully I have many days off, but I lost 2.5 hours pay yesterday, coming home early. while it was busy, I was able to keep my mind off my misery, but when it wasn't, my throat killed me. I've started physical therapy for my joint pains and am going to a neurologist next week to see if there's a genetic issue affecting me.
I've still been working on things with the "ex" but... it's difficult. he doesn't want a commitment right now. yeah, that makes me roll my eyes too. if I didn't love him... I wouldn't put up with it, but the fact of the matter is, I do, and he's what I want and will make me happy.
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Hildon vs. QT: Developers at Ubuntu Mobile consider Change to KDE
Since November 2008 it's been popular knowledge that Ubuntu has been working on a version of its operating system for the mobile ARMv7 architecture, especially for Cortex A8/A9 processors. Now it seems that Ubuntu mobile might drop Gnome Mobile Hildon framework in favor of Qt.
A report in Computerworldclaims developers involved with the project are seriously considering dropping the Gnome Mobile Hildon frameworkin favor of QT, the Nokia software recently released for commercial purposes under the LGPL.
According to Canonical developer, David Mandala, the standard resolution for Gnome is 800x600 pixels, and a lot of work is needed to customize screen sizes for other applications. He could not confirm Ubuntu Mobile'sswitch from Hildon to QT but predicted that Hildon would react swiftly to keep up with developments at Nokia, which he added, could not have been foreseen.
Porting to the ARM architecture is still posing problems because the distro has to run on proprietary systems and hardware. There are also issues arising from the fact that most boards are without 2D and 3D Linux drivers. A porting of Ubuntu to broadband mobile telephones is not currently planned. Says Mandala, "the big drawback is there is no telephony stack out there for us to use and there are certification issues".
Issue 28: GIMP Handbook 4th Ed./Special Editions
Buy this issue as a PDF
Munich Plans to Ditch Linux and Go Back to Windows
A major setback for the Linux desktop.
Linux Kernel 4.10 Comes with New Security Features
Improved support for GPU in virtualization.
OpenSUSE Site Hacked
News site for the openSUSE community falls victim to a Wordpress exploit.
LibreOffice Goes Online with 5.3 Release
The source code is available online.
Microsoft Brings Clear Linux OS to Azure
One out of three virtual machines on Microsoft Azure Cloud run Linux.
ASUS Announces a Single-Board Computer
The form factor of the board makes it a drop-in replacement for Raspberry Pi.
Red Hat Releases RHEL 6.9 Beta
Makes it easier for customers to move workloads into container-centric applications.
SUSE Working on a New Operating System Called MicroOS
SUSE's answer to container-centric operating systems.
Biggest Kernel Release Ever
Linux 4.9 is the biggest release in terms of number of commits.
CentOS Linux 7 (1611) Released
The latest version of the official RHEL clone is here.


text:
More Videos...
Accord Type-r vs Integra Type-r vs Prelude VTI
power up Prelude VTI
prelude turbo ca.320ps
prelude turbo ca.320ps
[ENG CC] Honda VTEC Battle - Integra R, Civic R, S2000, Prelude S, Torneo Ebisu 1999
miroshi's Integra Type R #1920 homepage: http://itr1920.blogspot.com/ JDM Honda VTEC cars racing in a battle at Ebisu. Race starting grid: 1. Honda Torneo - Accord (Motoharu Kurosawa) 2. Honda Prelude Type S (Katsura Shinichi) 3. Honda Civic Type R EK9 (Hara Takihiko) 4. Honda Integra Type R DC2 (Kinoshita Takayuki) 5. Honda S2000 (Takuya Kurosawa)
Celica GTS vs. Prelude
Celica GTS and Prelude go at it, they were both basically stock. They just had an intake, the celica has a TRD Exhaust thats aboout it. It was a best out of 3 Celica-1 Prelude-2 Winner= PRELUDE


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Publisher's Description+
From Brain Racer: *** SPECIAL: 50% OFF for the holidays! ***Welcome to Dinosaur Math!Join the crew of Fossil Island and play fun games to learn addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. As they learn, they'll race and win treasure on the high seas -- like all dinosaur pirates do.Dinosaur Math comes with 5 levels and over 1000 math problems to work on. Choose from a variety of levels suitable for all elementary schoolers (ages 5 - 10):- Level 1: Addition- Level 2: Subtraction- Level 3: Multiplication- Level 4: Division- Level 5: Ultimate Math Race -- work on all the operations!Dinosaur Pirates: Choose a character and help him climb the scoreboard by winning races!Exciting Race Competition: Learn to solve math problems faster and better to win against the other dinosaurs.Real Math: Learn useful math skills for success in school.--------------------------Categories: Early Learning, Math, Numbers, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Arithmetic, Games--------------------------Brain Racer Inc. brings fun, educational gaming to the iPad. Our unique characters and adaptive game-like experience work to engage kids and keep them learning.Contact us anytime -- email@example.com -- with feedback, feature requests, or just a note to tell us how your kids like the game. We love hearing from our users!Visit us: http://www.brainracer.comFollow us: http://www.twitter.com/brain_racer
What's new in this version:
- added other subjects- added more problems for each subject
read more +


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BBS, Inc. Promotes Zach Fahrenholtz To Manager!
Zach started at an entry-level position in October 2012, in Philadelphia, where he learned the product knowledge of our client. He learned how to self-manage and became comfortable with public speaking, which were two essential skills in order to succeed at an entry-level position. Within two weeks, he was promoted to a leadership position, where he began training and developing others. As a leader, he had the opportunity to interview potential sales representatives. He learned how to manage others as well as run campaign workshops in the office. At this time, Zach relocated with his Manager, Tray Trombetti, in May 2013 to BBS, Inc. in Woburn, MA. Within weeks of working at BBS, Inc. Boston, Zach illustrated the company essentials in order to be promoted to Assistant Manager.
As an Assistant Manager, Zach continued to work as a Sales Representative in the field but also was given the opportunity to work in the office as well. He learned operational management as well as administrative tasks. He also took on the responsibility of running meetings in the office. In order to become promoted to Manager, he needed to demonstrate the ability to manage and train a large group of individuals. In order for Zach to become promoted to a Management Position, Zach's trainees had to produce at least four thousand dollars for two weeks straight. Zach was able to prove to the company that he deserves to become a manager by hitting the necessary qualifications, which are set by the Management Team. Without holding Zach back any longer, President, Tray Trombetti, promoted Zach Fahrenholtz to a Management Position in August 2014.
As a Manager, he is able to start his own company and represent any client of his choice in any city that he requests. Zach had the options to represent AT&T, Direct Energy, Staples, Verizon, T Mobile, Century Link, and Best Buy. Zach Fahernholz chose to continue to represent Verizon and open his office, Paramount Acquisitions, in Rockville, Maryland on August 18, 2014. Nine Sales Representatives are traveling down to Rockville, Maryland with Zach in order to support him while he opens Paramount Acquisitions. Tray Trombetti, could not be more proud of Zach Fahrenholtz'
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Quest for the True Cross is a gritty and realistic account of a Templar's life in the Middle Ages – with themes that resonate in our own time. Do you want to interview me about this book?
Tony McMahon – contact me for media interviews: email@example.com
- Author of Quest For The True Cross– published by Bertelsmann in Europe and available in paperback on Amazon
- Award shortlisted for best sports biographer in 2011 for the story of middleweight champion Errol Christie, No Place To Hide
- Penned the biography of Neville Staple, vocalist in legendary ska band The Specials – Original Rude Boy
- Former BBC news producer and Sky News reporter
- CEO of Rostra Consulting – building digital networks for good


text:
Meu preferido!
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer1632869 окт 28, 2011
Perfeito p tomar na hora de dormir, sabor delícia!
Very Good
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer1015162 дек 01, 2011
good flavor! excelent results!
the best
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer1793125 янв 03, 2012
Note 10000
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer2256395 янв 06, 2012
Better protein that already I took. Impressive flavor.
Great Taste :D
Отзыв оставлен shonda янв 11, 2012
I tried the chocolate flavor but this one is my new favorite flavor (Vanilla) :D Thank you iherb
best whey ever
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer2551169 янв 23, 2012
tastes delicious. syntha-6 forever
Syntha 6
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer3125861 мар 06, 2012
Very good product,great to taste.I like it
Superb time-release protein!
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer3116281 июн 22, 2012
The title says it all! But, if you are picky about your time release protein, Syntha-6 is the way to go: awesome flavors, great amount of protein and the unmatched feel of drinking an icy milkshake!
Best Tasting Protein
Отзыв оставлен 5278679947932611861 сен 12, 2012
I am not the biggest fan of BSN but I've tried True Mass in the past and loved it so I decided to give this a try. Flavor: The Vanilla flavor is amazing. It is just a clean & smooth taste. (This is with water). Mixability: Not sure. I mix my shakes in a blender since it only takes one minute. Price: $38 for 15 servings if you use 2 scoops a shake like myself. It isnt the cheapest protein but let me tell you that it is worth it. I have bought so many proteins in my life and after discovering how disgusting they tasted I never winded up finishing the tubs. This protein on the other hand, will be cleaned out soon! Effectiveness: This is dumb because calories will determine how effective your diet plan is. It is nice to have MCT's and a mix of slow and fast digesting proteins though. 5/5 stars!
Отзыв оставлен Reviewer3150595 июн 23, 2011
Finally a protein powder that rivials Beverly International products. I really like the taste and protien blend.
1-10 из 19 всего
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Protecting critical supply chains and crucial national assets
Internationally, nationally and regionally, ensuring the security of energy supplies and key utilities is essential for long-term growth and stability.
Where others see only challenges, we see opportunities to create complete solutions that deliver long-term benefits to our clients.
At G4S, we have unrivalled experience of protecting critical supply chains and assets for industries including oil and gas, electricity, water, nuclear power, renewable energy, chemical supplies and telecommunications. Our energy and utility clients trust us to deliver tangible results and value for money.
We work across diverse regulatory environments around the world. We draw on our unrivalled experience in the energy and utilities sector as well as our proven expertise in logistics, technology, project management and managing the world's largest security workforce.
Organisations that look more broadly at the challenge of securing high-risk infrastructure and critical national assets are better able to provide the foundations of a stable, confident environment in which their business and society can thrive.
Recognise that secure and beneficial solutions come from understanding the whole challenge of protecting critical assets. Let us help you to see the opportunities that exist in the challenge of securing your world.
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I worked for Book'em and am now a volunteer. Book'em is a very small nonprofit that is making a big difference with children in Metropolitan Nashville. We give books to children who don't have books of their own to have at home. Research shows that children with books at home are better readers. One special program of Book'em is giving 5 books to every child who moves into a new Habitat for Humanity house. The books are wrapped up with ribbons and bows with a gift card and are waiting in the house for them. What a wonderful surprise for them! I love helping to pick out the books for these children.
Martha Ann
Working with Book'em has been a great experience for me so far, and I will continue volunteering with the organization. Through its Reading is Fundamental program, as well as collaborations with other national and local organizations, Book'em is able to distribute thousands of books to underprivileged children -- many of whom would otherwise not have books of their own. An enthusiasm for reading is a lifelong gift that Book'em gives to countless children each year.
RIF is a fine organization, and RIF Nashville's chapter is a truly fabulous one in that our approach is to build a relationship between a reading volunteer and a classroom that involves 5 visits during a school year and the chance for kids to not only hear 5 stories (just for fun) but to choose 5 books with which to begin building their personal library. Because the children we serve often do not own ANY books besides the ones we give them, this is very exciting for them.
The Book Em organization has provided many opportunities for the students in my school building to receive books for each student's birthday. This organization send reader/volunteers to my school throughout the school year to read to students in grades K-2. After the volunteer finishes reading the students are able to select a book of their choice to take home. Our students have such wonderful libraries at home due to Book Em promoting literacy. Book Em is a great organization and I have enjoyed every moment of the four years of working with them.
What a wonderful and rewarding experience to volunteer at Book'em! I process incoming book donations and re-send them out to wonderful children who wouldn't otherwise have books of their own to read. The gift we give these children will benefit them for a lifetime!
I love my volunteer work at Book'em. Reading to 2nd graders is very rewarding and they are always so happy to see you and the books that you bring them. I would encourage anyone with a love for children and reading to volunteer. It is only about four hours a month and is very rewarding.
I highly encourage anyone who is looking for a rewarding way to give back to the community to consider Book'em. I do not have children of mine own yet, however I have always loved reading and feel that all children should own books. In the fall of 2009 I was assigned my first reading classroom. I was nervous at first, but the Book'em staff was supportive and provided me with lots of training and contact information so that I never felt alone. I read aloud to the class of 20 children 5 times during the 2009-2010 school year. At each visit I would bring a variety of brand new books from the Book'em library, so that each child could select a book of their very own to take home. The children were so sweet and excited to see me everytime. They enjoyed our story time together even if they already knew every word of the book that I was planning on reading to them. It was a lot of fun and I look forward to reading to another class this year.


text: Ni No Kuni's Gameplay Footage Shows Why This is TGS' Best-Looking GameLuke Plunkett9/16/11 7:00amFiled to: Ni no kuniLevel-5TgsTgs2011SonyPS3118EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Just in case you didn't believe me that upcoming RPG Ni No Kuni looks shit hot, here's a ton of gameplay footage shot from the floor of this year's Tokyo Game Show. Seeing as I was within arm's reach of three demo kiosks, you'll find pretty much all the content available in this build of the game, from world map wandering to town exploration to combat.You can contact Luke Plunkett, the author of this post, at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also find him on Twitter, Facebook, and lurking around our #tips page.Reply118 repliesLeave a reply


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One would think that if one was not a member of the 'hosta society'
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Defective alterations in the collagen network to prostacyclin in COPD lung fibroblasts
© Larsson-Callerfelt et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
Received: 31 October 2012
Accepted: 11 February 2013
Published: 14 February 2013
Prostacyclin analogs are potent vasodilators and possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of prostacyclin on extracellular matrix (ECM) in COPD is not well known. Collagen fibrils and proteoglycans are essential ECM components in the lung and fibroblasts are key players in regulating the homeostasis of ECM proteins. The aim was to study the synthesis of prostacyclin and its effect on fibroblast activity and ECM production, and in particular collagen I and the collagen-associated proteoglycans biglycan and decorin.
Parenchymal lung fibroblasts were isolated from lungs from COPD patients (GOLD stage IV) and from lungs and transbronchial biopsies from control subjects. The prostacyclin analog iloprost was used to study the effect of prostacyclin on ECM protein synthesis, migration, proliferation and contractile capacity of fibroblasts.
TGF-β1 stimulation significantly increased prostacyclin synthesis in fibroblasts from COPD patients (p < 0.01), but showed no effect on fibroblasts from control subjects. Collagen I synthesis was decreased by iloprost in both control and COPD fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Conversely, iloprost significantly altered biglycan and decorin synthesis in control fibroblasts, but iloprost displayed no effect on these proteoglycans in COPD fibroblasts. Proliferation rate was reduced (p < 0.05) and contractile capacity was increased in COPD fibroblasts (p < 0.05) compared to control fibroblasts. Iloprost decreased proliferative rate in control fibroblasts (p < 0.05), whereas iloprost attenuated contraction capacity in both COPD (p < 0.01) and control fibroblasts (p < 0.05).
Iloprost reduced collagen I synthesis and fibroblast contractility but did not affect the collagen-associated proteoglycans or proliferation rate in fibroblasts from COPD patients. Enhanced prostacyclin production could lead to improper collagen network fibrillogenesis and a more emphysematous lung structure in severe COPD patients.
KeywordsChronic obstructive pulmonary disease Collagen I Fibroblast Prostacyclin Proteoglycans Decorin Biglycan Proliferation Fibroblast gel contraction Transforming growth factor β
COPD is a chronic obstructive lung disorder with emphysematous lesions in the distal lung. The pathophysiology of COPD is complex and involves airway inflammation and structural changes of the pulmonary system [1]. Alterations in vascular and parenchymal structures may impair gas exchange in alveoli [2] and involve systemic complications, as pulmonary hypertension, that is associated with increased disease severity and mortality [3]. Prostacyclin is a key mediator in regulating vascular tone and prostacyclin analogs such as iloprost, are frequently prescribed to decrease pulmonary arterial pressure, as they are potent vasodilators and possess anti-inflammatory properties [4]. Iloprost treatment has been shown to have favorable acute effects on gas exchange and lung function in a small subset of COPD patients [5, 6]. Prostacyclin is formed from arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and prostaglandin I synthase [7] and binds to prostacyclin (IP) receptors, which activate adenylyl cyclase and generating increased cAMP levels in target cells [8]. Prostacyclin has been implicated to play a major role in tissue repair and remodeling processes by inhibiting profibrotic responses of fibroblasts [9, 10]. However, contrasting processes have been described in COPD, such as a degradation of the extra cellular matrix (ECM) in parenchymal compartments, but enhanced deposition of ECM in bronchioles [11]. Collagen fibrils and the specific collagen-associated proteoglycans decorin and biglycan are essential ECM proteins, having both organizational and structural roles in the network of the pulmonary architecture [12]. Collagen I is the predominant fibrillar collagen in the lung and binds to decorin [13]. Fibroblasts are the main source of alveolar connective tissue and are key players in regulating the homeostasis of ECM [12] by constituting a rich source of growth factors and inflammatory mediators, including prostacyclin [14]. Abnormal fibroblast activation may therefore cause pathological tissue remodeling [12]. However, little is known regarding the synthesis and the effect of prostacyclin on the ECM and collagen network organization in COPD. A decreased production of prostacyclin has been correlated to increased fibroblast activity in lung fibrosis [15, 16], implicating that prostacyclin could be involved in on-going remodeling processes in COPD. The aim was therefore to study the synthesis of prostacyclin and its effect on ECM production and collagen network in pulmonary fibroblasts. Other markers of fibroblast activity, such as proliferation rate, contractility and migration capacity were also investigated. Primary distal lung fibroblasts obtained from patients with COPD and control subjects were used in this study. Changes in ECM were assessed by the production of collagen I and the collagen-associated proteoglycans decorin and biglycan after stimulations with the prostacyclin analog iloprost. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, known as a general inducer of remodeling [12], was added to stimulate fibroblast activity and mimic remodeling processes.
Study subjects
Control subjects and COPD patients in the study
5 + 4*
Age (range)
Pack years (range)
Gender, M/F in%
Lung function
FEV1% predicted
FEV1/FVC ratio
DLCO% predicted
Lung explants and primary distal lung fibroblast cultures
Parenchymal (distal) lung fibroblast cultures were isolated from lung explants from COPD patients after lung transplantation as previously described [17]. Control lung fibroblasts were isolated from lung explants from donors after lung transplantation [18] and from transbronchial biopsy samples from control subjects as previously described [19]. Importantly, alveolar parenchymal specimens from lung explants were collected 2-3 cm from the pleura in the lower lobes, equivalent to the location where the transbronchial biopsies were obtained. Vessels and small airways were removed from the peripheral lung tissues. From biopsy and explant samples of similar size, cultures of primary fibroblast-like cells were established. Briefly, transbronchial biopsies and parenchymal specimens were transferred to cell culture medium immediately after sampling. Parenchymal pieces from biopsies and parenchymal specimens were cut into small pieces that were allowed to adhere to the plastic of cell culture flasks for 4 h and were then kept in cell culture medium in 37°C cell incubators until there were outgrowths of cells with morphology typical for fibroblasts, i.e. cells had a spindle-like shape and several protrusions. Primary fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal Clone III serum (Hyclone, Logan, UT, US), 1% L-glutamine, 0.5% gentamicin and 5 ug/ml amphotericin B (all from Gibco BRL, Paisley, UK). The fibroblast cultures were stained with specific antibodies to verify the mesenchymal identity and to estimate the purity, as previously described [17–19]. Isolated primary fibroblasts were split 1:2 at expansions and were used in passages 4–7 for further experiments.
Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry
Fibroblasts (7000 cells/well) grown overnight on chamber slides were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. The lung tissue explants were fixed in 4% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin and sectioned in 5 μm thick sections for further analysis. The lung tissue sections were pretreated by heat induced antigen retrieval and non-specific binding was blocked with 5% BSA in TBS. The fixated cells and the lung sections were incubated with a mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody to IP receptor (ab60706, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, US) over night at 4°C and further incubated with a corresponding secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa fluorocrome 488 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, US) in TBS solution containing 1% goat serum (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame CA, US). The nuclei were visualized with DAPI (Invitrogen Corp, Carlsbad, CA, US). Image analyses were performed with Nikon Eclipse microscope, camera Nikon DS-Qi1Mc and software program NIS-Elements AR 3.0 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
Analysis of prostacyclin and TGF-β1synthesis
Prostacyclin synthesis was measured in the fibroblast medium as the stable prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1α by a commercially available enzyme immune assay kit (Cayman Chemicals, Limhamn, Sweden). Detection limit for 6-keto PGF1α was 6 pg/mL. TGF-β1 production was measured in the cell culture medium by a commercially available ELISA kit for activated human TGF-β1 (R&D Systems, Abingdon, England). Detection limit for TGF-β1 was 4.6 pg/mL.
Analysis of collagen I and proteoglycan synthesis
Collagen I synthesis was analyzed in the cell culture medium by measuring the newly synthesis of the N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) by a commercial radio immune assay kit (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland). Briefly, lung fibroblasts were cultured in 6-well plates. Cells were pretreated with the COX inhibitor indomethacin (3 μM) (to avoid interactions with endogenously produced prostanoids) for 10 min and then stimulated with iloprost (1000 nM) (Cayman Chemicals, Limhamn, Sweden) in combination with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) (R&D Systems, Abingdon, England) for 24 hours in duplicates. Detection limit was 2 μg/L. Proteoglycan production in fibroblasts was determined as previously described [20, 21]. Briefly, lung fibroblasts were cultured in 6-well plates. Cells were incubated in low sulphate DMEM (Gibco BRL, Paisley, UK), pretreated with the COX inhibitor indomethacin (3 μM) for 10 min and then stimulated with different concentrations of iloprost (10, 100 or 1000 nM) (Cayman Chemicals, Limhamn, Sweden) in combination with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) (R&D Systems, Abingdon, England) in sulfate35-containing DMEM for 24 hours in duplicates. Cell medium with 0.4% serum was used as a control of basal activity. Proteoglycan synthesis was quantified by [35S]-sulfate incorporation into glycosoaminoglycan side-chains measured on a scintillation counter (Wallac; Perkin Ellmer, Boston, MA, US). Individual proteoglycans were separated by ion exchanger DEAE52 and SDS-PAGE and then quantified using densitometry. The various proteoglycans have previously been identified by mass spectrometry [22]. Proteoglycan production in the medium was related to the total amount of protein in the corresponding cell layer. The amount of proteins in the cell lysate was analyzed by a commercially available protein assay, which constitutes a colorimetric assay with BSA as a standard reference for measuring total protein concentrations (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, US). The concentration of 10 ng/ml TGF-β was chosen since this concentration has previously been shown to induce a stable and long lasting production of proteoglycans in lung fibroblasts [23].
Cell proliferation
Cell proliferation rate was determined as previously described [24]. Cells were plated in 96-well plates (Cellstar, Monroe, NC) for 6 hours and then stimulated (5 wells/stimulation) with medium containing 0.4% serum, indomethacin (3 μM) and iloprost (100 nM) for 24 and 48 hours. 10% serum was used as a positive control. Cells were fixated in 1% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, US) stained with 0.1% crystal violet (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, US) and incubated over night with 1% Triton X (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Changes in proliferation rate were quantified with a spectrophotometer plate reader at absorbance 595 nm. This method has been shown to be equivalent to cell counting with a Coulter counter [25]. All proliferation experiments are the mean of quintuplicate.
Migration assay
Migration of cultured fibroblasts was analyzed as previously described [26]. Fibroblasts (30,000 cells) were cultured within a cloning cylinder for 6 hours in medium with 0.4% serum. The cylinder was removed and the cells were stimulated with medium containing 0.4% serum, indomethacin (3 μM) and iloprost (100 nM). 10% serum was used as a positive control. The fibroblasts were allowed to migrate for 24 h. The cells were fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde and then stained with 0.5% crystal violet for 2 hours. Migration capacity was then measured and analyzed with Nikon Eclipse microscope, camera Nikon DXm1200C and software program NIS-Elements AR 3.0 (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). All migration assays are the mean of triplicates.
Fibroblast gel contraction assay
The gels were prepared as previously described [18] using a modified form of a previous protocol [27]. Briefly, 96-well cell culture plates (Cellstar, Monroe, NC) were coated with 1% BSA overnight and were then washed with PBS. Fibroblasts, suspended in DMEM (1,000,000 cells/ml), were added to collagen type I solution (PureCol, Inamed Biomaterials, Fremont, CA) in the relation 1:9 (v/v). The final cell density was 100,000 cells/ml. Indomethacin (3 μM) and iloprost (1000 nM) were added to cell suspensions immediately before they were mixed with the collagen solution. 100 μl cells in collagen solution were added to each well and the collagen gels were polymerized for 1 hour at 37°C. After polymerization, 100 μl of DMEM supplemented with 0.4% serum and 1% glutamine was gently added to each well. Gels were released with a spatula 4 hours after polymerization and were then photographed with a camera (Sony, Tokyo, Japan). The gel area at this point was used as the initial area. The gel area was then monitored over time and compared to the initial area after 48 hours. All gel contraction experiments are the mean of triplicates.
Data analysis and statistical procedures
Data are shown for individual subjects in absolute values and presented as median. The non-parametric Mann Whitney test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare statistical differences between two groups. One or two way repeated measurement ANOVA on ranks followed by the non-parametric post hoc test Dunn was used to compare differences between more than two groups. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. All analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 (San Diego, USA).
Study subjects
Characteristics of all included control subjects (n = 9) and COPD patients (n = 7) are shown in Table 1. Predicted FEV1 was 102.2% (84-116) in control subjects and 19.3% (14-24) in COPD patients. All the COPD patients were classified as spirometric GOLD stage IV according to the GOLD guidelines. Eight controls were non-smokers, one control was an ex-smoker and all the COPD patients were ex-smokers. Primary distal fibroblast cultures were obtained from all control subjects and patients. As we tried to get as much information as possible from this limited set of well-characterized lung fibroblasts, the fibroblast numbers used from the different control and patient groups are written for each individual experiment.
Presence of the IP receptor in lung tissue and lung fibroblasts
Prostacyclin and TGF-β1production from distal lung fibroblasts
Iloprost reduces collagen I synthesis in distal lung fibroblasts
Iloprost alters proteoglycan production in fibroblasts from control subjects
Effect of iloprost on migratory capacity and proliferation rate
Effect of iloprost on contractile capacity
In the present study we show that distal lung fibroblasts respond to prostacyclin, and that prostacyclin may alter fibroblast activity and thereby remodeling processes. Interestingly, lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD had a higher synthesis of prostacyclin compared to control fibroblasts. The prostacyclin analog iloprost decreased collagen I synthesis and contractile capacity in both fibroblasts from control subjects and COPD, whereas alterations in proteoglycan production and proliferative rate were only present in fibroblasts from control subjects. The present data implicate an important issue that severe COPD patients may have a reduced repair mechanism in the ECM structure of the collagen network in the distal lung. Previous studies support our findings that changes in ECM synthesis are involved in pathologic conditions of COPD [17] and that fibroblasts from COPD patients may have a reduced or defective capacity of tissue repair [17, 18, 28]. Conversely, in this study, fibroblasts from COPD patients showed not only an altered production of prostacyclin and proteoglycans, but also a general decrease in proliferative rate and migratory capacity and an increased contractile phenotype compared to fibroblasts from control subjects. The capacity of fibroblasts to respond to an injury through the production or inhibition of mediators as TGF-β1 and prostacyclin may determine the nature of the repair responses involving ECM homeostasis. Notably, TGF-β1 is involved in remodeling processes in COPD through an activation of fibroblasts and induction of ECM production and may regulate proteoglycan synthesis [17, 29]. TGF-β1 expression has previously been shown to be increased in central airways [30] and in peripheral blood [31] from COPD patients. Also, fibroblasts from peribronchiolar areas of lung tissue from patients with severe emphysema have increased production of TGF-β1[32]. However, in our study, we could not detect any significant differences in TGF-β1 synthesis between distal fibroblasts obtained from COPD patients and control subjects, indicating that the synthesis of TGF-β1 may be dependent on cellular origin and also location in the lung. In the present study, we could show that TGF-β1 increased the production of the ECM proteins collagen I and biglycan in distal lung fibroblasts derived from both controls and COPD patients. However, there was no difference in collagen I synthesis between fibroblasts from control and COPD patients. Corresponding with our data, Krimmer et al did not detect any differences in fibrillar collagen between non-COPD and COPD fibroblasts after TGF-β1 stimulation; neither did cigarette smoke extract affect the fibroblast ability to deposit collagen [33]. Noordhoek et al did also not find any differences in collagen I synthesis between parenchymal fibroblasts from patients with mild emphysema and patients with severe emphysema [34], implicating that collagen I synthesis probably is preserved in fibroblasts from COPD patients. Interestingly, in the present study, prostacyclin synthesis was significantly increased after TGF-β1 stimulation in distal lung fibroblast from COPD patients. In line with these findings, TGF-β1 stimulation increased both COX expression and enhanced prostacyclin synthesis in a human lung fibroblast cell line [35]. In contrast, decreased levels of prostacyclin production have been found in distal lung fibroblasts from patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis [15]. These data imply that alterations in the levels of prostacyclin may be a marker of ongoing remodeling processes. Prostacyclin has previously been associated with tissue repair and remodeling processes by inhibiting profibrotic responses of fibroblasts [9, 10, 36] and attenuating pulmonary fibrosis in animal models [16, 37]. In the present study, the prostacyclin analog iloprost reduced collagen synthesis and subsequently attenuated the increased collagen production in response to TGF-β1. These results correspond to other findings where prostacyclin down regulated collagen synthesis in rat cardiac fibroblasts [38]. Nonetheless, we could not detect any significant differences in collagen I production between fibroblasts from COPD patients or control subjects after iloprost treatment. Conversely, in the present study, iloprost balanced the changes in collagen I synthesis by altering the production of the collagen-associated proteoglycans decorin and biglycan in fibroblasts from control subjects, but iloprost had no effect on these proteoglycans in fibroblasts from COPD patients. Decorin is thought to be a negative regulator of TGF-β1 by binding and neutralizing significant amounts of this growth factor [39]. Decorin and biglycan also shape and complement the collagen fibril structure, and decorin mediates the binding of collagen fibers [40]. Our data indicate that fibroblasts from COPD patients may have a defective repair mechanism in the collagen network fibrillogenesis. Thus, high levels of prostacyclin could generate reduced collagen synthesis that is not regulated and stabilized by decorin or biglycan, which thereby may accelerate the formation of emphysematous tissue in COPD. In line with the findings of Hallgren et al [17], we found that biglycan synthesis was reduced by the distally-derived fibroblasts from severe COPD patients, whereas there were no differences in decorin synthesis before or after TGF-β1 stimulation between COPD and control fibroblasts. However, decorin synthesis has been shown to be decreased in distal fibroblasts from patients with severe emphysema [34] and decorin gene expression has also been shown to be decreased in centrally-derived lung fibroblasts from patients with severe COPD [41]. Decreased decorin and biglycan expressions have also been shown in peribronchiolar areas in patients with severe pulmonary emphysema [17, 32]. One explanation to these findings could be that decorin is regulated differently at mRNA levels and protein levels with a higher turnover rate at protein levels [21]. Mice that lack decorin have dysfunctional collagen fibrils with reduced tensile strength [42] and show altered lung mechanical properties, as enhanced lung compliance [43]. Subsequently, decorin has been shown to reduce lung fibrosis induced by TGF-β1[44]. Hypothetically, taken all these data together, fibroblasts from COPD patients may have an imbalance in the regulatory properties of the collagen network homeostasis, indicating that proteoglycan production is dysregulated in the collagen network assembly in response to iloprost or TGF-β1. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for the degradation of ECM, and MMP-9 has been shown to be upregulated in severe COPD [45]. Notably, MMP-9 release appears to be resistant to glucocorticoid therapy [45]. Interestingly, prostacyclin treatment attenuated MMP-9 synthesis in mesangial cells [46] and in an animal model of cigarette smoke induced emphysema [47]. Unfortunately, we could not detect any MMP-9 synthesis in the present study. Importantly, distally-derived fibroblasts from severe COPD patients demonstrated a more contractile phenotype in this study, probably due to enhanced ROCK1 activity [18], than fibroblasts from control subjects, and treatment with iloprost attenuated the contractile capacity to the same level as fibroblasts from control subjects in the present study. The inhibitory effect of prostacyclin analogs on fibroblast gel contractions has previously been shown in healthy lung fibroblasts and the response was mediated through cAMP activation of PKA [48]. Proliferative rate was decreased by iloprost in control fibroblast, whereas COPD patients had a generally reduced proliferative rate that was not affected by iloprost treatment. Fibroblasts from COPD patients have also previously been reported to have reduced proliferative capacity [17, 49], which may contribute to the emphysema formation in the distal COPD lung. In the present study, control fibroblasts were obtained from healthy subjects of mixed age. Changes in ECM components in this study may reflect ongoing natural aging processes [50] and it has been shown that aging processes in the lung may occur independently of emphysema formation related to COPD pathogenesis [51]. We could not detect any differences in studied parameters due to age within the control group; neither could we detect any differences in studied parameters due to different sampling techniques, transbronchial biopsies versus lung explants, implicating that the alterations presented in this study is probably linked to disease, and not to aging. Despite the limited numbers of observations in the present study, we could support the findings in a parallel study published by Hallgren et al [17] that the different sampling techniques and the age distribution in the two study populations did not interfere with the obtained results. Medical treatments may also influence the fibroblasts obtained from the COPD patients. It would have been an advantage if we had lung function data from all the controls. On the other hand, the donor lungs from the healthy individuals had been judged by the clinicians to be suitable for lung transplantation and we received the lungs due to the fact that they could not find any matching recipients at the moment. It is well known that smoking and ex-smoking may have an impact on fibroblast function. However, the fibroblasts obtained from the former smoker lung did not differ from the other fibroblast controls in the studied parameters, neither could Hallgren et al. find any differences [18]. Studies on smokers and patients in different GOLD stages will be performed in the future to further investigate the importance of prostacyclin in remodeling processes.
Iloprost reduced collagen I synthesis and fibroblast contractility but did not affect the collagen-associated proteoglycans or proliferative capacity in fibroblasts from COPD patients. In addition, fibroblasts from COPD patients had a reduced proliferative rate and migration, decreased biglycan synthesis and an increased contractile capacity compared to fibroblasts from control subjects. Our data imply that COPD patients may have an altered fibroblast function and defect repair mechanism in the ECM structure of the collagen network assembly. Due to the altered fibroblast function, patients with COPD may not be able to maintain normal tissue repair capacity. The prostacyclin analog iloprost appears to promote an anti-fibrotic phenotype with reduced collagen synthesis in pulmonary fibroblasts that may enhance the severity of emphysema formation in COPD. These findings should be considered when administrating iloprost to patients with severe COPD.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- IP receptor:
Prostacyclin receptor
Matrix metalloproteinase
Propeptide of type 1 procollagen
- TGF-β1:
Transforming growth factor-β1
We would like to express our gratitude to Marie Wildt and Johan Strömbladh for skillful technical assistance and to Jenny C Karlsson for reading the manuscript. We would like to thank the Swedish Research Council in Medicine and Health (11550), the Swedish Heart and Lung foundation, the Crafoord Foundation, the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund, the Greta and John Kock Foundation, the Alfred Österlund Foundation, the Schyberg Foundation, the Hedberg Foundation, the Evy and Gunnar Sandberg Foundation, the Lars Hierta Foundation and the Medical Faculty of Lund for financial support.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Beneath the smouldering sky that's crossed in vein,
I'll arise from the ashes and i'll take the reins.
I wont allowed this blood to stain
i'll arise.
I will not let us fall apart, for what's a prince without his heart?
I'll play it fast, i'll play it fast I'll
You know if we all died well that deprives me of my heart and my spirit and my strider stride.
Because you know a prince wakes up when you tear him apart.
The volcano errupts, tears of violins arise.
© Copyright 2017 mysteriousPoet. All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Mystery and Crime
Good writing, though it should be 'allow this blood' not 'allowed this blood', sorry I have slight OCD with that. Nicely done though! :)
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Top Definition
The most mindblowing music festival ever. Mostly techno music such as Deadmau5, David Guetta, etc. It's simply heaven on a stage.
Ultra Music Festival was the greatest fucking thing ever this year, I'm definetley going back!
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More Videos...
SCCA PDX SVT Focus
SCCA PDX - Advanced Group 16 Sep 2012 summit point - Focus SVT
Mikealicious' SVT Focus @ Thunderhill Raceway - Run 1 (1 of 2)
My first time at thunderhill raceway with my svt focus. mods are aem cai off road pipe borla catback suspension mods are koni sport adjustable shocks eibach pro-kit springs h&r 24mm front and rear sway bars focussport front and rear strut bars full polyurethane bushings kit dunlop direzza z1 star spec tires 215/45/17 the car is pretty gutted and weighs 2,740lbs with me in it.
04/17/10: Civic Sedan vs. Focus SVT
4/17/2010 Track day. 1988 Civic Sedan vs. Ford Focus SVT Both on R compounds Running advance group with Speedventures during MFEST at LVMS At around 2:15, a CEL popped on for VTEC solenoid and my car went into limp mode.
Passing, arguably, the world fastest SVT Focus
Chasing my buddy around Summit Main after the spin.


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Analyze some Data
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Daniel Straus vs Patricio "Pitbull" Freire
Bellator 145 - Vengeance watch video >>
Patricio Pitbull defends his title against Daniel Straus TONIGHT at 9/8c on Spike TV watch video >>
In their first two matches, Patrcio Pitbull came out with the win. Daniel Straus almost took the belt until Pitbull took advantage of Straus' mental lapse to take the victory. Jimmy Smith expects the watch video >>
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Daniel "The Weasel" Weichel vs Patricio "Pitbull" Freire
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Henry Corrales vs Daniel Straus
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http://fightnetwork.com/ - Fight Network previews this Friday's Bellator 138 featuring Kimbo Slice vs. Ken Shamrock and Patricio "Pitbull" Freire attempting to defend his featherweight title vs. Dani watch video >>


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university student registration management system (developer teams only)
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Convert current website into a responsive WordPress theme.
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I have a partially built website based on this tutorial [url removed, login to view] that needs to be further developed and modified.
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[Date Index] [Thread Index] [Author Index]
Re: Curl
Carlo, The curl is special to three dimensions and is trivially implemented there. It is related to the adjoint operation * on differential forms in 3 dimensions by h1 x h2 = *(h1 ^ h2) where ^ denotes the ordinary wedge product of differential forms. Here h1 and h2 are one-forms (identified with vectors using the standard inner product) in R^3. The adjoint operator * is defined in arbitrary dimension n and takes r-forms to (n-r)-forms, with orientation (sign) taken into account. The divergence, unlike the curl, does extend to n dimensions. In fact, if omega is an n-1 form, then d omega is an n form and thus given by d omega = F dx1^...^dxn, F a scalar function. A one-form theta can be written as * omega, and F is just the divergence of theta. A reference is "Functions of Several Variables", by W. H. Fleming. Alan "Carlo Gabrieli" <gabrielic at popmail.inwind.it> wrote in message news:9lvh0j$4o5$1 at smc.vnet.net... > Hi, > I found on Roman Maeder "Computer Science with Mathematica" elegant > implementations of Grad, Div, Laplacian, Jacobian but not of Curl. I > know that the Mathematica package VectorAnalysis has a Curl function > but I'd like to learn how to implement a Curl function for an > arbitrary number of Cartesian coordinates > > Thanks in advance to all > Best Regards > Carlo Gabrieli > snail mail: Carlo Gabrieli > Via San Giovanni d'Acri 15 > 30126 Lido di Venezia (VE) > Tel.& FAX: 011-39-41-5264157 > > e-mail: gabrieli at iuav.it > gabrieli at flux.isdgm.ve.cnr.it > gabrielic at libero.it > gabrielic at inwind.it > > web pages: http://www.omitech.it/MERLIN/conn.htm > > > ============================================================================ == > > "If you can't explain your research to your grandmother, then you > don't understand it yourself" > > Richard Feynman > > > "Update your bumper stickers, kids: Mac OS 8 = Windows 2010" > > David Pogue > > ============================================================================ == >


text:
Joshua 1:1-4New International Version (NIV)
Joshua Installed as Leader
1 After the death of Moses the servant of the Lord, the Lord said to Joshua son of Nun, Moses' aide: 2 "Moses my servant is dead. Now then, you and all these people, get ready to cross the Jordan River into the land I am about to give to them—to the Israelites. 3 I will give you every place where you set your foot, as I promised Moses. 4 Your territory will extend from the desert to Lebanon, and from the great river, the Euphrates—all the Hittite country—to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.
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Oven-Roasted Potatoes and Vegetables
Harvest Vegetable Roast
Cinnamon-Raisin French Toast
Pear and Greens Salad with Maple Vinaigrette
Broccoli and Squash Medley
Microwave acorn squash with dates to make this tasty side dish - ready in 25 minutes.
You can find a variety of no-trans-fat vegetable oil spreads located in the refrigerated dairy section by the butter.
Try this with dried cranberries or cherries instead of dates.
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Achieve the Core
Rating 431 Downloads 3994 Views Last updated on Fri, 07-15-2016 01:33 PM
About This Lesson
A close reading activity based on the story, "Mighty Jackie The Strike Out Queen" and includes instructions for implementation, text dependent questions, vocabulary and additional tasks. Aligned to Common Core State Standards: RL.4.1, RL.4.3, RL.4.4, RL.4.7, RL.4.9; W.4.2, W.4.4, W.4.9; SL.4.2, SL.4.6; L.4.1, L.4.2, L.4.4, L.4.5<br />This resource was developed through the Student Achievement Partners Basal Alignment Project. For more information regarding the Basal Alignment Project, check out http://tinyurl.com/l8u25hd