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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 21, 2012
|Filing date
|Oct 15, 2010
|Priority date
|Nov 4, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Wen Zhao, Shahid R. Chaudry, T. L. Trevor Plestid, Hao Xue, Grace T. Y. Yeung, Clifford W. Yanoshewski
|Original Assignee
|Research In Motion Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (21), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (6), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/533,960, filed May 4, 2005, which is a national entry of PCT Application No. PCT/CA03/00875 filed Jun. 16, 2003, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/423,371, filed Nov. 4, 2002, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates generally to managing connections to wireless networks. More particularly, the present invention relates to initiating and maintaining a connection to a wireless data network.
Wireless data networks allow mobile devices to be remotely connected to services such as email distribution and internet browsing without connection to a conventional computer interface. Many publicly accessible data networks that can function over a wide area rely upon a cellular infrastructure and are tied to cellular protocols such as IS-95 which describes Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) cellular communications, and the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). Each cellular protocol has a companion data protocol. For GSM communications General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is the packet data companion protocol, for IS-95 networks the "One Times Radio Transmission Technology" standard (1XRTT) defined in the CDMA2000 specification is the companion data protocol.
1XRTT provides CDMA2000 air interface devices with a packet based radio service that is capable of high data transmission rates, and supports both simple IP and mobile IP data connections. One disadvantage of the 1XRTT system is that network resources such as IP address are consumed simply maintaining a series of otherwise inactive connections. This is problematic for many carriers as resources such as the IP address space are finite and cannot be extended. As a result, carriers commonly drop inactive data connections when networks become congested to release occupied resources. Additionally, carriers often drop connections that have not been active for a fixed period of time regardless of network usage levels, so that resources are not allocated to inactive connections. A device that has been disconnected from the network due to inactivity typically releases its assigned network resources and only reconnects when the user of the mobile device attempts to access data services.
If a connection is terminated, the resources allocated to the mobile device are released. Thus upon reconnecting to the network, the mobile device is reassigned resources, which it typically then registers with a number of services. However, between the time the resources are released and the time at which the reacquired resources are registered, the device is not available for service. This is problematic for push enabled "always-on" devices since connections are important for bi-directional communications, which involve data transfers that are not initiated by the mobile device. If the wireless data connection is being used to push data from a remote server to a mobile device, the mobile device must remain connected, as a remote server cannot connect to a mobile device that the network has disconnected. Such a device requires an "always-on" 1XRTT data connection that is capable of automatically recovering from a disconnection.
Another problem presented by present 1XRTT devices occurs when a data connection cannot be immediately obtained. This can occur both at the time at which the device is initialized, and at the time that the device attempts to reacquire a connection. Typically the device will either continuously poll the network for a connection, or it will make a fixed number of connection attempts before it determines that a connection cannot be obtained at which time it will seek user interaction. The first method is counterproductive as it increases network traffic, which reduces the capacity for data channels. As a result, many networks prohibit continuous polling. A method of varying the length of time between connection attempts is disclosed in International Publication No. 01/474112 to Denso Corporation. However, if the device experiences difficulty connecting and maintaining a connection to the wireless data network, seeking user interaction merely notifies the user of the lack of connection, and does not assist in reacquiring the connection.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide a mobile device for connecting to a 1XRTT data network that is capable of maintaining an "always-on" data connection with automatic disconnect recovery to minimise the amount of time that a data connection is not available.
It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate at least one disadvantage of previous methods of establishing and maintaining data connections in wireless networks.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of establishing a data connection on a wireless data network. The method comprises the steps of determining that no data connection to the wireless data network is established; initializing a back off timer based on a previous number of connection requests; automatically transmitting a connection request to the wireless data network upon expiry of the back off timer; and establishing a data connection if the transmitted connection request is accepted by the wireless data network. In an embodiment of the present invention, the wireless data network is a CDMA2000 network, and the step of determining that no data connection is established includes receiving a refusal of service message from the wireless data network, where the refusal of service message is selected from a list including Retry Order, Release Order, Reorder Order and Intercept Order messages or other failure events. In embodiments where the refusal of service message is an Intercept message, the connection request can be automatically transmitted upon detection of a new wireless data network. In another embodiment of the present invention, the back off timer is initialized to a value based on a random seed, and is optionally restricted to a value greater than or equal to any back off timer time calculated after a last established data connection. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, initializing the back of timer is based on a retry delay specified by the retry order, where the back off timer is optionally initialized to a time greater than or equal to the retry delay. In another embodiment, the connection request is an Origination Message in CDMA 2000 and Activate PDP Context Request in GPRS.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of automatically re-establishing a data connection on a wireless data network. The method comprises the steps of determining a data connection status upon the expiry of a service check timer; automatically transmitting a connection request if the data connection is determined to be lost; and re-establishing the data connection if the transmitted connection request is accepted by the wireless data network. In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the step of determining the data connection status is preceded by initializing the service check timer. In another embodiment, the step of automatically transmitting the connection request is performed upon expiry of a back off timer, where the back off timer is optionally initialized to a value based on a retry delay specified by a received Retry Order. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the data connection status includes comparing assigned network resources to default values, where the step of comparing optionally includes determining that no data connection is established when an assigned Internet Protocol address is set to 0.0.0.0.0. In a further embodiment, the method includes a step of forcing premature expiry of the service check timer upon receipt of a Release Order. In other embodiments of the invention, the Release Order is a Point-to-Point-Protocol termination request and the connection request is an Origination Message in CDMA2000 and Activate PDP Context Request in GPRS.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile device for establishing and maintaining a data connection to a wireless data network. The mobile device comprises a back off timer, a service check timer and a connection manager. The back off timer is for timing a back off period. The service check timer is for timing a service check period. The connection manager is for determining that a data connection to the wireless network is established at expiry of the service check timer, resetting the service check timer upon its expiry if a connection is established, transmitting connection requests to the wireless network upon initialisation, upon expiry of the back off timer and upon determination that the established data connection has been lost, and for resetting the back off timer in response to receipt of a connection rejection from the wireless network. In an embodiment of the present invention, the wireless data network is a CDMA2000 network. In another embodiment of the present invention, the connection manager includes means to reset the back off timer in response to the receipt of a Retry Order, such that the back off timer is greater than, or equal to, a retry delay specified in the Retry Order. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the connection manager includes both an accumulator for tracking consecutive rejections of service, and means to reset the back off timer in accordance with the number of consecutive rejections and means for causing premature expiry of the service check timer in response to the receipt of a Release Order.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein:
Generally, the present invention provides a method and system for establishing and maintaining a data connection between a mobile device and wireless data network. For mobile devices that rely upon being pushed data in real time, maintaining a data connection to the wireless data network is an important design requirement. However, it is generally undesirable for the network operator to allow data connections to be permanently maintained for all devices. Networks lack both a simple method of identifying devices that require always-on connections, and a simple means to prioritize device connections. Thus, networks are designed to indiscriminately disconnect mobile devices under a number of circumstances to prevent or relieve congestion. As a result, even if a mobile device is able to secure an initial data connection the data connection may be severed by the network at a future time. The present invention mitigates the problems of the prior art by providing both a mobile device and method for obtaining a data connection and maintaining the connection once it is in place.
After being powered up, a mobile device of the present invention typically seeks a CDMA2000 data network to connect to and negotiate with. If successful, the negotiation results in the network assigning the mobile device the network resources required for a data connection. Among the resources assigned is an IP address that uniquely identifies the mobile device. Typically, these resources are obtained by the mobile device through the transmission of a data-based Origination Message to the wireless data network. Once the data connection is established, data traffic can be pushed from a server to the mobile device by transmitting data packets to the IP address assigned to the mobile device.
Connection Manager 156 determines the status of the connection, as described in relation to
Wireless networks are designed to handle congestion in a number of ways. Typically, if a network is overly congested when a connection request message is received, the connection is refused, no network resources are assigned, and a Reorder Order or a Release Order is issued to mobile device 100. The Reorder Order serves to notify mobile device 100 that the network is busy and therefore cannot provide service. In its initial implementation a Reorder Order was designed to notify a user of a wireless device that the network was too congested to accept a new voice connection. Use of the Reorder Order has been extended by some network operators to serve as a rejection message for data services in addition to voice services. For voice based connections, the receipt of a Reorder Order typically results in a warning tone. Many devices do not provide this warning tone when a Reorder Order is received as a result of a failed data connection attempt. Even if a device is designed to provide the warning tone to indicate the receipt of a Reorder Order in response to a failed data connection, it is impractical to expect that a user of an always-on device, such as mobile device 100, will manually retry to reconnect until a connection is obtained.
In a voice only implementation, a user typically either attempts to re-initiate the connection by redialling, or the wireless device periodically attempts to reconnect. To maintain an "always-on" connection in a data environment, mobile device 100 must transmit repeated connection request messages until a connection is established and "pushed" data can be received. An "always-on" device that relies upon push technology to receive information from a host on the network must maintain the data connection. Constant polling of the network is discouraged by carriers as it is counter-productive and simply consumes bandwidth that could otherwise be allocated to active data connections. Continuous or periodic polling to determine the availability of a connection increases network congestion, which is counterproductive to establishing a connection, and decreases the effective battery life of the mobile device, which cannot remain in a power saving mode when transmitting the polling packets or receiving the replies to them.
Congestion in a wireless network can also result in the termination of already established data connections. If the mobile device is connected, but not actively using its channel, the network can reduce congestion by issuing a Release Order, which causes the mobile device to release the resources allocated to it. Typically, upon receiving a Release Order, mobile device 100 resets its assigned network resources to a default value. In a presently preferred embodiment, mobile device 100 resets its IP address to "0.0.0.0.0". These congestion management features, along with events such as the mobile device entering a region of poor coverage and service option rejections due to incompatibility between the mobile device settings and the network, can cause mobile device 100 to lose the data connection to the network.
Retry Orders are known in the art and are a data based analog to a Reorder Order. Typically a Retry Order is provided in response to an Origination Message if the network cannot provide a connection. Typically, Retry Orders specify a retry time that mobile device 100 must wait before retrying to establish the connection. Retry Orders can also be transmitted to mobile device 100 to either clear or increase a previously provided retry time. If a number of mobile devices are all provided Retry Orders that expire simultaneously there will be increased contention for the connections at the time of the retry timer expiry.
Several options exist for either establishing a data connection after being initially refused a connection, or re-establishing a released data connection. Transmitting a series of spaced apart connection request messages, and allowing mobile device 100 to go into a power saving mode in the time between connection request message transmissions provides a reasonable chance of connection establishment, and prevents excess battery consumption.
Mobile device 100 preferably generates a connection request message data call when it detects CDMA2000 services.
If in step 122 it is determined from the network response received in 120 that the issued connection request message did not establish a connection, a back off timer is initialized in 128. It is preferable that this step only occurs if the failure to connect is not due to the receipt of an intercept order. A presently preferred method of handling an intercept order is described below. In a presently preferred embodiment, the back off timer is started by calculating a back off time. If the back off timer is determined to have expired in step 130, the process returns to step 118.
In a presently preferred embodiment, the connection timer is set in 128 using a back off algorithm provided by a timer initializer, preferably one seeded with a random value. Randomly seeded back off times allow a plurality of mobile devices, that have all simultaneously been disconnected, to provide the network with spread out requests, to prevent congestion due to an influx of connection request messages. In a further embodiment, the back off algorithm periodically increases the amount of time between retries. Thus, mobile device 100 retries for a connection at fixed intervals that increase at a predetermined rate. This is implemented to provide battery life savings. Battery life is extended in most cases because when mobile device 100 cannot establish a connection after a series of rapid requests, it is likely that either there is a network problem or mobile device 100 has left an area with proper service. In either case, sending connection requests spaced evenly apart does not statistically increase the chances of establishing a connection quickly. By increasing the time intervals between attempts, mobile device 100 is able to wait in a power saving mode, which will extend battery life.
In a further embodiment, after being initialized in step 128, the back off timer is compared to the information provided in a Retry Order. If the Retry Order specifies a minimum retry period, the back off timer is adjusted so that it is not less than the retry period. This ensures that mobile device 100 does not attempt to re-establish a connection until after the retry period has expired. Alternately, the timer is always set to the time value specified in the Retry Order, if one is provided, and set to the calculated value only if there is no time value specified in the Retry Order.
Mobile device 100 is typically controlled by an operating system that provides the user with an interface to the functionality, such as email distribution, of mobile device 100. In a presently preferred embodiment, received Reorder Orders result in an "event" that is passed to the application layer of mobile device 100. The application layer is designed to implement the above method to establish a connection, and applies the appropriate back off re-connect algorithm to set the back off timer. When the back off timer expires, the application layer issues another connection request message. If re-connection fails, and another Reorder Order is received, another random back off period is applied. In a presently preferred embodiment, a back off period is equal to or greater than the previous back off period, so that the length of time between retries is non-decreasing. Preferably, until the connection is established a "No Data Service" indication is displayed on the user interface of mobile device 100 so that the user knows that data service is not available. When a connection is established, mobile device 100 preferably indicates the availability of data service to the user on the user interface.
When a Retry Order is received in response to a connection request message, the BSC 104 typically specifies a retry delay inside the Retry Order. In this case, the application layer of mobile device 100 calculates a back off timer as before, but requires that the timer not be shorter than the retry delay. Retry orders in the CDMA2000 specification can also include information about other service options that are available. If these alternative service options are supported, mobile device 100 can send a connection request message with alternative service options during the retry delay. If any of the connection request messages transmitted with alternate service options is successful, the back off timer is preferably cancelled by the application layer. Otherwise mobile device 100 waits until the back off timer expires, and then transmits another Origination Message with the original service option.
The network can also send a Retry Order with retry delay set to zero. This is to indicate to a wireless data device that there is no retry delay. Such a Retry Order is commonly used by carriers to clear previously set retry delays. When a Retry Order with retry delay set to zero is received by a mobile device, the application layer will preferably cancel any pending retry delay timer and immediately retransmit an Origination Message.
When mobile device 100 powers up, its IP address is typically initialized to "0.0.0.0.0". Mobile device 100 may have its IP address reset to this address, or another default value, if BTS 104 transmits a Release Order, with PPP Termination Request. When such a request is received, or when the service check timer expires, as in step 124, mobile device 100 examines its IP address. If the IP address is set to its default value, mobile device 100 starts data connection request and PPP renegotiations, as described in step 118. If along with the PPP termination request, a Reorder Order or Retry Order is transmitted, mobile device 100 will wait until the expiry of the calculated back off timer before returning to step 118.
In a number of circumstances, such as roaming on an unauthorized network, mobile device 100 can fail a network authentication challenge. In the event of a failed network authentication challenge, mobile device 100 receives an Intercept Order. In a presently preferred embodiment, mobile device 100 does not set its back off timer, but waits until it has detected a new network before re-issuing a connection request. During this period of time the user can be notified that there is a lack of service through an indication on the display or through an audio cue. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that a number of techniques known in the art exist for detecting the presence of a new network.
The back off algorithm described above is preferably employed in the following manner. Mobile device 100 determines that it no longer has a data connection, as in step 124. In a presently preferred embodiment this is determined by the verification of an IP address in step 126, where an address of "0.0.0.0.0" indicates that the connection has not been maintained. If it is determined that a connection is not available, mobile device 100 attempts to connect to the wireless data network in step 118. If the connection is successful, then the process is completed, and the device waits for the expiry of its service check timer in step 124. In a presently preferred embodiment, the service check timer is only set after data activity has stopped, so step 124 is preferably preceded by the cessation of data transmission. after data activity has stopped. If a connection is not established, as determined in steps 120 and 122, the response from the network, received in step 120, is examined. If the response from the network does not prescribe when a reconnection attempt will be allowed, the back off timer is initialized to a value determined based on the number of previous attempts to connect, and the network conditions, as described in conjunction with step 128. When the back off timer expires in step 130, a connection request is reissued and the process returns to step 118. If this reissued connection request results in a connection then the process is completed, and the device returns to step 124. If the connection is unsuccessful, the timer is reinitialized in 128 to either a recalculated value or a value provided by the network. This repetition of setting the back off timer and requesting a connection is continued until the connection is established, or the device is powered down.
It is preferable that the BOT value be no less than the value of a previous timer, and that in the event that a Retry Order specifies a retry period, the longer of the retry period and the randomly generated back off timer is used as the time until the next retry.
In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the timer values are precalculated to avoid sending requests at intervals so frequent that network congestion arises from the requests and so that battery life is not detrimentally affected. In one embodiment of the present invention, the back off timer is first initialized to a value of 30 seconds, and increases by 30 s intervals at each subsequent attempt. This is done with the assumption that if a connection is repeatedly refused the device is likely in an area without data service, and the interval between checking for data service can be extended without adverse effects. It is fully anticipated that the user can attempt to manually initiate service.
The present invention provides a method and system for both establishing an always-on data connection to a network by a persistent retry method and for maintaining the established data connection by determining the connection status at the expiry of a service check timer. The variable back-off timer used between connection retries provides for increased battery life without significantly delaying connection re-acquisition. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that mobile device 100 will utilise the variable back-off timer, as described above, during its initialization in response to a Release Order, an Intercept Order, a Reorder Order, a Retry Order, or in the event that the network does not respond. In the event of receiving a Release Order with service option rejection where the device does not support other types of data services, the device holds off data origination until a new network is found. In the event of receiving a Release Order with service option rejection, and the device does support other types of data services, mobile device 100 will preferably attempt a connection with different service options, possibly in addition to the standard retry. If the response to the connection request message is an Intercept Order, mobile device 100 preferably checks for a new network at the expiry of the variable back-off timer, and only attempts a reconnection if a new network has been identified. In the event that no response is received from the network, it is likely that mobile device 100 is out of service, and another connection request message is transmitted when a network is detected. Additionally, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the variable back off timer of the present invention provides an improved connection recovery from the receipt of a Release Order with PPP termination request, a network dormancy timer expiry or a Reorder Order. Thus the present invention provides a mechanism to reduce the amount of time spent out of service. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that upon reconnection mobile device 100 preferably checks with the network to determine whether or not any events were missed during the period without service.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended to be examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
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|Oct 15, 2010
Owner name: RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED, CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ZHAO, WEN;CHAUDRY, SHAHID R.;PLASTID, T.L. TREVOR;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050502 TO 20050503;REEL/FRAME:025146/0771
|Jul 24, 2012
|Certificate of correction
|Aug 21, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 17, 2016
Owner name: BLACKBERRY LIMITED, ONTARIO
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:037845/0441
Effective date: 20130709


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National Portal to Historic Collections
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Aerial View, Downtown Ft. Myers, Florida
An aerial image showing the older Edison bridge (top) and newer bridge, built in 1962 (bottom) spanning the Caloosahatchee River.
Banyan Tree on the Edison Estate, Fort Myers, Florida
The largest banyan tree in the continential United States, just outside the museum, is depicted.
Birthplace of Thomas Alva Edison - Milan, Ohio. From the...
An oil painting of Edison's Milan, OH birthplace by Erwin Porter.
Botanical Research Laboratory Exterior with Vault to the...
An early exterior photograph of the EBRC lab and vault (at right-- used to store chemicals).
Dock and Boat House - Thomas A. Edison Winter Home - Fort...
The dock & boat house used by the Edisons at their Fort Myers estate.
Edison and assistants, Mr. Schumurica and Mr. Ott at work...
Edison and two of his long-time assistants are depicted in the interior of the Botanical Research Lab.
Edison Botanical Research Laboratory
A modern photograph of the interior of the Edison Botanical Research Lab.
Edison Plaque in City Park, Fort Myers, Fla.
A brightly colorized image depicts a plaque dedicated to Edison by the city of Fort Myers.
Edison's Guest Home - Fort Myers, Fla.
An exterior view of the Seminole Lodge guest house surrounded by lush vegetation.
Edison's Laboratory - Ft. Myers, Florida
An early interior photograph of Edison Botanical Research Lab and equipment.
Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory, Dearborn, Mich.
Photograph of Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory where it stands today in Dearborn MI.
|Edison's Research Lab, 1928
|Edison's Rubber Research Lab
Ford Winter Estate - Fort Myers, Florida
The Ford Winter Estate and surrounding palms are shown here.
Giant Traveler Palm with Edison's Wheel Chair - Thomas...
A massive Traveler Palm is shown, along with a rolling cart and umbrella used by the Edisons.
Gold-Plated Phonograph - Edison Museum, Fort Myers, Florida
A phonograph on display is depicted in front of the wall of phonographs in the museum.
Guest House - Thomas A Edison Winter Home Fort Myers,...
View of the Edison Guest House showcasing foliage.
Henry Ford and Thomas A. Edison
Ford leans close to speak into Edison's "good ear", which had only about 90% hearing loss (he was completely deaf in the other ear).
Henry Ford and Thomas Edison
In this image, Henry Ford and Thomas Edison stand in front of the 1886 laboratory.
Laboratory Office just as Mr. Edison left it in 1931 -...
A low contrast image of Edison's EBRC lab office "just as he left it," including two phonographs.
McGregor Blvd, in Front of the Thomas A. Edison Winter Home...
A historic image of McGregor Blvd including palm trees and the entrance to Edison Park subdivision, at left.
Memory Garden - Site of Mr. Edison's First Laboratory...
Shown here, Mina's moonlight garden (referred to as "Memory Garden").
Model T. Ford, Thomas A. Edison Winter Home - Fort Myers,...
An early photograph taken inside the Edison museum: Thomas Edison's personal Model, originally a gift from Henry Ford, is displayed.
Moreton Bay Fig Tree, with the Henry Ford Home in the...
A large ficus fills the foreground, while The Mangoes stands in the background of the image.
Mr. & Mrs. Thomas A. Edison - Botanical Research...
Thomas and Mina Edison stand in front of a the 1886 electrical laboratory.
Mr. Edison's Laboratory with "Air Conditioned...
Early view of the exterior of the EBRC lab and adjacent vault building, used to store chemicals.
One of the Beautiful Views at Thomas A Edison Winter Home...
View of the grounds of Seminole Lodge showcasing a well-manicured lawn and heavy vegetation.
Orchid Lane, Thomas Edison Winter Home, Fort Myers, Florida
Image depicts Orchid Lane behind Seminole Lodge, highlighting colorful flowers and botanicals.
Sally Jordan Boarding House, of Menlo Park, Dearborn, Mich.
A sweeping view of the boarding house in Menlo Park (now located in Dearborn, MI) which housed Edison and some of his employees for a time.
Smith Creek (Michigan) Grand Trunk Railway Station,...
The Grand Truck Railroad station, where Edison worked in his boyhood, is depicted.
The Late Thomas A. Edison at Telegraph Key on his 83rd...
A heavily colorized image of Edison circa 1930 posed with a telegraph key.
The Menlo Park Group - Now Erected at Dearborn, Mich.
A street-level view of the set of buildings moved from Menlo Park to Greenfield Village.
Thomas A. Edison
A charcoal or pencil sketch of Thomas Edison in profile.
Thomas A. Edison - John Burroughs - Henry Ford - Fort Myers...
In this image, Edison, Burroughs, and Ford stand in front of a palm tree and other vegetation in Fort Myers.
Thomas A. Edison and Ford, Fort Myers, FL
Thomas Edison poses in front of a Ford Model T (possibly his personal vehicle, given as a gift by Henry Ford).
Thomas A. Edison laboratory - 1930 - Edison Winter Home -...
Interior of the Edison Botanical Lab, used to conduct experiments related to organic rubber.
Thomas A. Edison Winter Home - Ft. Myers, Fla.
An exterior view of Seminole Lodge including palms.
Thomas A. Edison Winter Home, Fort Myers, Fla.
A brightly colorized image of the front of Seminole Lodge, the Edison's Fort Myers retreat.
Thomas Edison's Home, Fort Myers, Florida
A brightly colorized image of Seminole Lodge and surrounding vegetation.
Upper Floor, Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory, Dearborn...
An image of the interior of Edison's Menlo Park lab, now residing in Dearborn, MI.
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text:
New York City Eat and Play Card: 30-Day ValidityProduct ID: 62433
From US$25 Per group up to 4Book now
- Save over USD 100 a day on meals, attractions, and shopping
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New York can be very expensive, and dining is often the single biggest expense for visitors. There's no better or easier way to save in New York than with the Eat and Play Card.
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The card is valid for up to 4 people and for 30 days from first use, and is accepted at 100 popular places across Manhattan.
NYC's best savings program for visitors has no annoying restrictions or minimum spending requirements, fits nicely in your wallet, and can be used as often as you like. Just show your card and save.
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Buffalo Wild Wings
Café Palermo
Caffe Grazie
California Pizza Kitchen
Chelsea Grill of Hell's Kitchen
Chevys Fresh Mex
Darbar Grill
The Original Delmonico's
E & E Grill House
Gente Risorante
Goodfellas Brick Oven Pizza
Gossip Bar and Restaurant
Grotta Azzurra
Havana Central
Heartland Brewery
Johnny Rockets
La Mela Ristorante
Legends Bar & Restaurant
Mustang Harry's
Neely's Barbeque Parlor
Nelly Spillane's Bar & Restaurant
Original SoupMan
Ouzaria Greek Tapas
Playwright Irish Pub
Senor Frogs
Shula's Steakhouse
Sky Room Times Square
Slattery's Midtown Pub
The Hill
The Wright Restaurant
Tio Pepe
Central Park Bike Rental
Central Park Zoo
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Guggenheim Museum
Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum
Madison Square Garden All Access Tour
NBC Studio Tour
NY Skyride
On Location Tours
Radio City Stage Tour
Ripley's Believe it or Not
Saturday Night Live Exhibit
Dylan's Candy Bar
Famous Footwear
Guggenheim Store
Hershey's Times Square
LEGO Store
Modell's Sporting Goods
NHL Store Powered by Reebok
Caroline's on Broadway
Chicago The Musical
- Eat and Play Card (valid for up to 4 people, for 30 days from first use)
- Free downloadable companion app for Apple and Android phones
- Exclusive access to savings at some of NYC's most popular restaurants, attractions, and shops
To pick up your card, please redeem a printed copy of your voucher at one of the following convenient Manhattan locations: Gray Line New York Visitor Center 777 8th Avenue (between 47th and 48th streets) Hours: Open daily from 07:00-21:00 CitySights NY Visitor Center at Madame Tussauds 234 West 42nd Street (between 7th and 8th avenues) Times Square Hours: Open daily from 08:00-20:00 Gray Line NY Visitor Center at Grand Central 125 Park Avenue (between 41st and 42nd streets) Hours: Open daily from 08:00-17:00 Gray Line NY Visitor Center at Port Authority 42nd Street (between 8th and 9th avenues) Hours: Open daily from 07:00-19:00 (Open in Google Maps)
From US$25 Per group up to 4Book now
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Product ID: 62433


text:
Not Peer Reviewed
- Edition: The Merry Wives of Windsor
The Merry Wives of Windsor (Folio 1, 1623)
- Texts of this edition
- Facsimiles
Scena Tertia.
Enter Mist. Page, Mist. Ford, Caius.
2449Mist. Page. Mr Doctor, my daughter is in green, when
2450you see your time, take her by the hand, away with her
2451to the Deanerie, and dispatch it quickly: go before into
2452the Parke: we two must go together.
2453Cai. I know vat I haue to do, adieu.
2454Mist. Page. Fare you well (Sir:) my husband will not
2455reioyce so much at the abuse of Falstaffe, as he will chafe
2456at the Doctors marrying my daughter: But 'tis no mat-
2457ter; better a little chiding, then a great deale of heart-
2459Mist. Ford. Where is Nan now? and her troop of Fai-
2460ries? and the Welch-deuill Herne?
2461Mist. Page. They are all couch'd in a pit hard by Hernes
2462Oake, with obscur'd Lights; which at the very instant
2463of Falstaffes and our meeting, they will at once display to
2464the night.
2465Mist. Ford. That cannot choose but amaze him.
2466Mist. Page. If he be not amaz'd he will be mock'd: If
2467he be amaz'd, he will euery way be mock'd.
2468Mist. Ford. Wee'll betray him finely.
2469Mist. Page. Against such Lewdsters, and their lechery,
2470Those that betray them, do no treachery.
2471Mist. Ford. The houre drawes-on: to the Oake, to the


text:
Several remarks have been made on this robin about hostas that seem to
change. I have quite a few Francee and Gold Standard that I
propagated looking for sports, and found a few, but there are so many
others that are not really sports, but they look different. I
hesitate to sell them because I'm beginning to wonder just which ones
are the true types. However, Charles Purtymun probably has the hosta
that sets the record for changing from year to year. It's just a
seedling and nothing special. One year it will have a large white
center with a green edge, another year it will have a small center and
some sometimes its almost all green, and some times the same plant
will have all the different forms in the same year. If Ben were smart
he would figure out that this is a clue to figuring out why hostas
sport so much.
Speaking of Ben, has he abandoned hosta-open? I'm still waiting for
him to quote the pertinent passages from the book that he claims
supports his view that hostas have true first leaves and not
cotyledons. He may be correct, but he sure doesn't make it easy for
Joe Halinar
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
"Joe Lieberman would be the first Jewish person to serve directly under a
president since -- well, since Monica," and further, that the recent polls
have made Al Gore so confident that "he has actually started raising cash
Jay Leno's line that Bush "has fried so many convicts they shouldn't call him
governor, they should call him the Colonel."
It's like you go to a party and girls say about you, 'That guy's gay.' Well,
you've lost half the crowd already." MAYBE, BUT THE HALF THAT'S LEFT MIGHT
The flash point of the interview came with the easiest question. "You often
say, 'I'm a uniter, not a divider,"' Letterman said. "What does that mean?"
Bush smiled fatuously through a few painful moments of satellite drift. Then,
skating to the edge of coherence, he replied: "It means when it comes time to
sew up your chest cavity, we use stitches as opposed to opening it up!" As a
tasteless and contorted reference to the host's recent heart surgery, this
comment was baffling on many levels.
Dennis Miller showed an A.P. wire photo of Gore high-fiving a boy as Miller
read the vice president's ostensible words: "Hey there, young fella, make
contact with my hand above shoulder level with appropriate force to make a
short slapping sound."
"It's been fascinating to watch the character of Bush develop," says Chris
Harris, another "Late Show" writer. "Eventually he started making all these
gaffes -- and we realized, he's a dumb guy. There's no better cliche than the
Dumb Guy. We can plug that into any formula." Just as with Dan Quayle, the
Dunce label has proven durable.
After George W. Bush used an epithet beginning with "A" to describe a New
York Times reporter a few weeks ago, Jay Leno told me he regretted cutting
the previous night's joke about how, in politics, the A-word used to mean
adultery. "That Bush comment is worth a week of jokes, easy!" he said. "At
least it was a two-syllable word. For Bush, that's a step up."
In late July, Letterman casually mentioned that Bush and Cheney were getting
along so well that their weekend plans were "to pick up some six-packs and
watch an execution." A few weeks later, Jay Leno touched an even more
sensitive nerve, a twofer: "They executed a guy with an I.Q. of 63. Can you
believe it? Bush turning his back on one of his own!"
The bit ended with Bush's endorsement of his running mate: "I was always
around when Dick Cheney and my dad worked together. I'd hear 'em working in
the front room when I'd stumble in all high."
: "Bush promises to spend an additional $13 billion on education. O.K.,
George, that covers you. Now what about the rest of the country?"
To sign-off this list, send email to email@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
Hands in the dark,
grab out and pull me down,
down in to the abyss.
they tug my hair; i'm sweating,
begging, calling out for help
but no one is around
i'm being poisoned,
i'm being followed,
i'm being laughed at
and taunted.
it's so noisy now I can't think
conversations, shouting, screaming
how am i supposed to live
when i'm only living half a life.
© Copyright 2017 tlrjms. All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Poetry
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Book / Literary Fiction
Poem / Poetry
Poem / Poetry
Paste the link to picture in the entry below:
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text:
window glazing barking
window glazing in barking
Our experienced and friendly staff can quote you immediately to replace any glass in any window or door, single or double glazed (DG Guaranteed for 10 years) all of our work is fully guaranteed. We offer an emergency service at no extra cost. Within the hour or at a time that suits you.
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text:
How to protect a house with burglar proof windows. The windows give character and light to your home, but can also be your biggest security risk. Burglars and intruders look through your windows to determine if you'll be his next target and often use these windows as the entry point to your home. Ask your burglar proof windows can be achieved either by ensuring your existing windows or replacing windows with a product update.
Ensure existing windows
- Secures sash windows by inserting a screw wrench through the window or replacing your current insurance with a lever locked.
- Install screws on the top rails of the sliding windows. The window should just move the screw as it moves, so there is no space for the window and shimmy it out of its rails. You can also install a key lock for added security.
- Remove the operating handle casement windows. For safety, install a key lock on the rail of the sheet.
- Make lockable latches that slide into the basement windows, if you do not have latches.
Replace existing windows
- Replace existing windows laminated glass windows. The intruders have difficulty breaking laminated glass due to the extra security layer of plastic or vinyl is sandwiched between the glass sheets.
- Consider using tempered glass to replace your windows. Tempered glass is up to 5 times stronger than normal glass, making it difficult for thieves to break it.
- Use glass wiring in the basement or less visible windows. The cables are visible, so it is an option less optimal for intruders.
- Install railings fixed with mortar to the foundation of your home for greater safety in high crime areas.
Tips and Warnings
- Make sure at least one window in each bedroom, on the first and second floor, accessible as an emergency exit.


text:
2-in-1 USB 2.0 to Micro USB OTG SD / TF Memory Card Reader - Black (32GB)
Free shipping To
If you think the price is too high, please click to apply for lower price
|Other Features
|Compatible Models
|OTG smartphones and PC
|Converter Type
|SD / TF card reader
|Dimensions & Weight
|2.17 in x 0.67 in x 0.39 in (5.5 cm x 1.7 cm x 1 cm)
|0.21 oz (6 g)
|Packing List
|1 x Card reader
All packages from DX.com are sent without DX logo or any information indicating DX.com. Due to package variations from suppliers, the product packaging customers receive may be different from the images displayed.
To enable volume discounts on this site, use coupon code: BULKRATE during checkout. You will see a discount applied at the bottom of the shopping cart. Competitive pricing is available. Contact us for details.
|3+ units
|5+ units
|10+ units
|US$0.99 shipped
|US$0.99 shipped
|US$0.99 shipped
What is Bulk Rate? BulkRate is a semi-wholesale system with items priced separately from retail. When you use bulk rates, a flat $1.70 registered air mail fee will automatically be added to your cart to ensure delivery of package. While BulkRate's intention is to offer cheaper prices when you buy in bulk, because it is priced separately it on occassions show a higher than retail price. That's why we ask you to enter BULKRATE as a coupon code to manually activate the rates. You can always opt not to use the bulk rates. If you are looking for wholesale prices please feel free to contact us.
Looking to get even more?
Share your reviews, photos and videos here!Review Program
Received in 4 week, everything ok
Pros: (en) It is a simple gadget and useful. Reads SD cards so fast. I have not tested the OTG connector yet. (ptbr) É um equipamento simples e útil. Ele lê cartões SD rapidamente. Ainda não pude testar o conector OTG.... Read more
Ideal por su pequeño tamaño. Puedes utilizarlo para pasar cualquier tipo de dato al móvil/tablet a través del puerto micro USB. Útil, por ejemplo, para pasar las fotos de la tarjeta de tu cámara al móvil y así a redes una... Read more
buen precio, buen funcionamiento. Cumple exactamente su cometido. Ha llegado en 3 semanas a España. Lo recomiendo
Works both with normal USB port and OTG microUSB as well. Checked the bog usb and seems to oparete normally. I used a bit of fast 3sec glue to paste the plastics, the didnt look hardly connected. Exept that, all fine. Very... Read more
Works both with normal USB port and OTG microUSB as well. Checked the bog usb and seems to oparete normally. I used a bit of fast 3sec to... Read more
Görünen tek eksiklik kartın takış şeması bulunmaması :) ilk denemede ters takmayı deneyebilirsiniz. Bunun dışında hiçbir hız kaybı yazma... Read more
Great reader, you can read and copy from a Android tablet or mobile phone, and paste it to a pc through a SD card (or another type I a SD... Read more
Please note that DealExtreme Forums are not a sales or product support board. For support questions, please contact us via support ticket at http://cs.dx.com/ for a guaranteed response. We make every effort to make the quickest replies.


text:
VIP Access™ Hotel
We carefully hand-picked this hotel based on its dedication to service and excellent guest reviews.
Orbitz Platinum members receive free room upgrades and Platinum and Gold members get other perks upon availability at check-in.See details
Located in Soho, Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel is next to popular attractions like Leicester Square and London Coliseum. This 127-room, 5-star hotel welcomes guests with a restaurant, free in-room WiFi, and a fitness center. It's in central London and also a short walk from St. Martin-in-the-Fields and Her Majesty's Theatre.
Enjoy a bite to eat at the hotel's restaurant, or relax with a drink at the bar/lounge. Savor a meal from the comfort of your room with 24-hour room service. For your convenience, breakfast is available for a fee.
Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel's 127 rooms are soundproofed and provide minibars, free bottled water, and laptop-compatible safes. Flat-screen TVs come with satellite channels, and guests can stay connected with free WiFi. Beds are dressed in premium bedding and bathrooms offer hair dryers and designer toiletries. Phones, ironing boards, and desks are other standard amenities.
Property features
Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel features a fitness center, free WiFi in public areas, and 5 meeting rooms. Valet parking is available for GBP 54 per day. Front-desk staff can answer questions 24/7, and assist with dry cleaning/laundry, concierge services, and luggage storage. Other amenities at this luxury hotel include conference space, a business center, and express check-in.
- Steps from Leicester Square and London Coliseum
- Free WiFi in rooms and public areas
- Onsite dining
- Fitness center
Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Unusually for such a grand property, there are no steps leading to the Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel's main entrance and elevators reach all floors, making this an easy-access hotel.
Guests seeking physical activity can head for the fitness center, equipped with cardiovascular machines, a television, water fountain, and complimentary towels.
On request, guests roaming the hotel can use a portable phone, to which all their room calls are redirected. Complimentary wireless Internet access is provided throughout the hotel. Free newspapers are available in the lobby.
- Concierge services
- Conference space
- Laundry facilities
- Express check-out
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- 24-hour front desk
- Bar/lounge
- Restaurant
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Number of floors - 7
- Total number of rooms - 127
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Fitness facilities
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Business center
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Luggage storage
- Meeting rooms 5
- Valet parking (surcharge)
- Terrace
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Free Wi-Fi
- Soundproofed rooms
- Laundry facilities
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge), Valet parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel offers 127 air-conditioned accommodations with minibars and laptop-compatible safes. Beds feature premium bedding. Flat-screen televisions come with satellite channels. Bathrooms include bathtubs or showers, designer toiletries, complimentary toiletries, and hair dryers.
Guests can surf the web using the complimentary wireless high-speed Internet access. Business-friendly amenities include desks and phones. Additionally, rooms include complimentary bottled water and irons/ironing boards. A nightly turndown service is provided and housekeeping is offered daily. Amenities available on request include hypo-allergenic bedding.
- Minibar
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Daily housekeeping
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Designer toiletries
- Desk
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Premium bedding
- Soundproofed rooms
- Room service (24 hours)
- Private bathroom
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Free bottled water
- Free toiletries
- Bathtub or shower
- Turndown service
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Satellite TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
Scoff & Banter Leicester Square – One of London's best al fresco spaces serving British classics straight up or with a twist.
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- No onsite parking is available.
No rollaway/extra beds available
Optional extras
- Breakfast fee: GBP 20 per person (approximately)
- Self parking fee: GBP 38.00 per day
- Valet parking fee: GBP 54 per day
Hotel Name
- Hotel Radisson Edwardian Hampshire
- Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire
- Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel
- Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel London
- Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire London
- Radisson Edwardian Blu Hampshire
- Radisson Edwardian Hampshire
- Radisson Edwardian Hampshire Hotel
- Radisson Blu Edwardian Hampshire Hotel London, England
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Awards & Affiliations
National Rating
This establishment has received its official star rating from VisitEngland, the National Tourist Board for England.


text:
Description from Whole Blossoms
Wholesale Seeded Eucalyptus green filler is available in bulk for weddings and special events. Used by floral designers, Seeded Eucalyptus is an attractive green filler for accentuating flowers in wedding bouquets and centerpieces. All bulk seeded eucalyptus orders ship overnight from the farm to you for absolute freshness.
- Name: Seeded Eucalyptus Filler
- Colors: Green
- Vase Life: 5-8 days, depending on care and handling
- Packing: Grower Bunch 5-7 stems per bunch
- Availability: Year round
- Size: 16-24 inches long
$99.99 USD at time of publication Buy from Whole Blossoms


text:
- Home
- Matching Girl and Doll Clothes
- Shop by Size: Dresses
- Dresses Size 10
Dresses Size 10
Doll Clothes Superstore has the matching girl and doll dresses you need for every occasion. Our size 10 dresses include formal items and casual play clothes for every pair. Our rose sundress is always a favorite. This bold and beautiful thin-strapped sundress features pink and purple flowers accented by a white satin sash. Our tropical-print navy sundress is perfect for your next summer barbeque. Both dresses come with a matching purse in girl and doll sizes to complete the look. Our earth tone chiffon dress has a fun triangular hemline to jazz up your wardrobe. This wrinkle-free outfit is a great choice for travel.
Stay comfortable and fashionable on your first day of school with our purple ruffle skirt, blouse and purse. This complete set features a printed purple skirt with a ruffled hemline and a solid purple blouse with a gathered neckline. The matching purse is a convenient way to keep your lip gloss and other essentials handy. Choose from fun and traditional size 10 dresses and matching doll outfits at Doll Clothes Superstore. Our selection includes sizes to fit American Girl, Cabbage Patch and smaller dolls.
PLEASE NOTE: The child and doll clothes are sold in sets. You purchase the child outfit and doll outfit of your choice for $27.50. We offer the doll outfit in four types. They are American Girl Doll Size, Baby Doll Size, and Cabbage Patch Doll size. Since the doll outfits come in three sizes, you have to chose the doll size that you want. The matching doll dress will fit 18 inch dolls. If you would like the doll dress to fit a baby doll or a Cabbage Patch Kid doll, please note that in the comments box and we will switch from the 18 inch size doll dress to the baby doll or Cabbage Patch Kid doll size
Please be aware, the clothes in this section are meant for people who want to order both a child and doll outfits. On the matching pages, you cannot buy just the child outfit without the matching doll outfit. For refunds, it will also be necessary to return both the child and doll clothes. Although some of the images on this page show the clothing on just the doll, all the items here are matching clothes for child and doll.
Matching Girl and Doll Clothes
- Shop By Size: Sleepwear
- Shop by Size: Dresses
Shop by Size: Pants & Shorts
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 4
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 5
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 6
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 7
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 8
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 8 1 2
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 10
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 10 1 2
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 12
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 12 1 2
- Pants and Shorts Sets - Size 14
- Shop By Size: Suits
18 Inch Doll Clothes
- 18 Inch Doll Clothes Party Dress
- 18 Inch Doll Casual Dresses
- 18 Inch Doll Sundresses
- 18 Inch Doll Colonial Dresses
- 18 Inch Doll Jeans & Pants
- 18 Inch Doll Shorts
- 18 Inch Doll Pajamas & Sleepwear
- 18 Inch Doll Coats
- 18 Inch Doll Beachwear
- 18 Inch Doll Costumes
- 18 Inch Doll Special Occasion Outfits
- 18 Inch Doll Holiday Clothes
- 18 Inch Doll Shoe Selection Page
- 18 Inch Doll Accessories
- 18 Inch Doll Socks & Tights
- My Twin Doll Clothes 23 inch
Baby Doll Clothes
- Medium Baby Doll Clothes
- Clothes for Baby Alive
- Bitty Baby Doll Clothes
- Bitty Baby Doll Shoes
- Twin Baby Doll Clothes
- Boy Or Girl Baby Doll Clothes
- Little Baby Doll Clothes
- Large Baby Doll Clothes
- Guidelines on Various Size Baby Dolls
Cabbage Patch Kids Clothes
- 12-13 Inch Cabbage Patch Clothes
- Cabbage Patch Kids Newborn
- 14 Inch Cabbage Patch Kids Clothes
- 16 Inch Cabbage Patch Kids Dresses
- 16 Inch Cabbage Patch Kids Sleepwear
- 16 Inch Cabbage Patch Shorts & Pants
- 16 Inch Cabbage Patch Beachwear
- Cabbage Patch Kids Shoes
- Cabbage Patch Newborn
- Cabbage Patch Doll Coats
- Sizes Of Cabbage Patch Kids Clothes
- Guide - Buying Cabbage Patch Clothes
Fits Barbie & Ken
- Shoes for Barbie Doll
- Party Dresses for Barbie Doll
- Casual Dresses for Barbie Doll
- Holiday Outfits for Barbie Doll
- Pants for Barbie Doll
- Underwear for Barbie Doll
- Fashion Costumes for Barbie Doll
- Accessories for Barbie Doll
- Sizes of Barbie's Feet
- Barbie Doll Games Free Downloads
- Doll Clothes for Ken and GI Joe
- Stuffed Animal Clothes
- Doll Shoes and Accessories
- Dollar Store
- Doll Clothes Minor Flaw Sale


text:
- Home
- Blogs
- Community
- Big Game Hunting
- Regional
- Firearms
- Archery
- Muzzleloader
- Gear Bag
Montana FWP Commission Considers Lower Elk Quotas
The Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Commission will consider limiting elk hunting licenses in two Madison Valley hunting districts to address overharvest on public lands.
The proposal for hunting districts 360 and 362 is in response to elk population declines. The recent 2010 hunting season showed record high harvests in these districts, in part due to unusually severe winter weather, which resulted in a further dip in elk numbers.
The FWP Commission will consider the proposal at its Jan. 13 in Helena at FWP headquarters, 1420 East 6th Ave., beginning at 8:30 a.m.
Hunters first expressed concern about overharvest of elk on the public lands in these hunting districts in 2009 and recently urged FWP to cut back the number of antlerless elk licenses in the districts.
FWP ensures its meetings are fully accessible to those with a disability. Individuals with special needs may request arrangements by contacting FWP at 406-444-3186.
A full agenda, and background on topics, are on the FWP website at fwp.mt.gov. Click "FWP Commission".
The FWP website offers live audio of the meeting, or the public may view a live television feed of the meeting at FWP regional offices.


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On May 28th, Service Master of Charleston held their annual Firefighter Appreciation Night. Fire departments from around the Lowcountry participate in this event. City of Goose Creek Fire Department employees Josh Rohrbach, Brad Allgire, Dave Masirovits and Matthew Marous won the Tug-of-War contest against employees with the City of Charleston Fire Department and North Charleston Fire Department. They are the Tug-of-War champions for 2014. The prize is two custom made corn hole boards. Dave Masirovits also won the drawing for a departmental grill.


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Withdrawal dates and penalties
Depending on when you withdraw from a unit or your course, you may become liable for fees or an academic penalty.
Penalties for late withdrawal from courses or units
When you withdraw from a unit or your course, you may become liable for fees or an academic penalty (eg. a grade of withdrawn fail), depending on the date on which you withdraw. Before withdrawing you should check these dates and seek advice from Faculty course advisers and enrolment officers.
Withdrawal dates and refund amounts
- Withdrawal dates and refund amounts for domestic students
- Withdrawal dates and refund amounts for international students
- Trimester withdrawal dates and refunds for International students
- Semester withdrawal dates and refunds for International students
- Residential withdrawal dates and refunds for International students
- Higher degree by research withdrawal dates and refunds for International students
- Start Anytime withdrawal dates and refunds for International students
- Masters Qualifying Program and Masters Qualifying Program (Extended) withdrawal dates and refunds for International students
Overdue fees
If you do not pay your fees in full by the invoice due date or if eligible, applied to defer them to the HELP (Higher Education Loan Program) scheme you will be sent an Overdue Notice via email.
If your fees are overdue this will lead to encumbrances, late-fees or even termination of your enrolment. Outstanding fees will impact your ability to enrol in a new course.
You can pay fees using a number of payment methods, late payments must be received before the applicable census date to avoid penalties or termination of your enrolment.
Please contact Student Central for assistance.
Students who do not follow University procedures and timelines for fees, library borrowing, loans etc. will have encumbrances placed on their enrolment.
These encumbrances will block provision of a range of important services such as library access, results release and graduation.
Where such encumbrances have been applied, students will be advised via letter of the reason for this encumbrance and the steps required to have the encumbrance removed.
To have any encumbrance relating to outstanding fees or fines lifted you must make payment directly to Student Central. Once your payment has been received it may take up to 48 hours for the encumbrance to be removed from your record. Other payment methods may take up to 5 working days to be processed.
Outstanding library fees or fines can be paid at Library invoice payments.
If you are unsure why you have an encumbrance or how much it is, contact Student Central.
Termination of enrolment due to non-payment of fees
Your enrolment will be terminated if you have breached specified due dates and owe more than $300 in total. This is a total across all study periods.
When your enrolment is terminated you will lose access to all Deakin University services including CloudDeakin, email, StudentConnect and the library.
You can apply for re-instatement in the same academic year, provided you pay all outstanding fees and charges, and do not hold a Commonwealth Supported Place (CSP). A re-instatement charge of $220 will also apply.
The application for re-instatement must be made within 2 weeks of your enrolment being discontinued. Your enrolment will not be re-instated into the study period after this time.
If you do not wish to have your enrolment re-instated into the same academic year, you will need to apply for re-admission if you wish to study in subsequent years.
For CSP students: if your enrolment is terminated for non-payment of an up-front student contribution and you have not provided your tax file number, you cannot have your enrolment re-instated for that study period. This is in accordance with Commonwealth legislation. However you may be able to apply for re-admission in the next study period.
Late re-enrolment fee
If you don't re-enrol by the specified deadline you will incur a late re-enrolment fee
To check if you have been charged a Late re-enrolment fee look on your Trimester 1 2017 online invoice in StudentConnect. This invoice will be available early February 2017.
The Late re-enrolment fee must be paid in full by the invoice due date. You can make regular payments of any amount or frequency up to this date if full payment cannot be made in one transaction.
You can pay via StudentConnect by selecting the 'Make a payment' link or in person at Student Central. Contact Student Central if you have any questions about your late re-enrolment fee.
Appealing the Late re-enrolment fee
If special circumstances occurred such as a medical condition which prevented you from re-enrolling by the due date you can appeal the Late re-enrolment fee.
If you wish to appeal your application must meet the requirements outlined on the Late Re-enrolment Fee Appeal Form (PDF 243KB). You are unable to appeal this fee until it appears on your invoice. Not re-enrolling on time because you didn't read your emails is not grounds for appeal.


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This is my Reality Kings blog, I started it with a review of the realitykings.com , once you read it, scroll down for updates, free videos and photos.
This review was posted on the 19th of March, 2012 – I made it a sticky so it stays on top, scroll down for content updates.
RealityKings.Com is one of the most known brands in online porn, and it is like that for a good reason. This is one of the first reality porn networks and it is also one of the best. If I remember it correctly, this is the second reality porn network that was created in 2005 or 2006, the first was BangBros with their worlds famous Bang Bus. Anyways, back to Reality Kings again I picked this network to feature at BestPornUpdates.com as it is one of the best deals available and if you join after clicking a link on this site, you will get a further discount that they offer to visitors coming from review sites.
Reality Kings network consists of 36 sites, I will not list them all here but let me mention the most known ones, I will also create separate pages for them here and then link them. So, the most known are : Cum Fiesta, Money Talks, MILF Hutner, MIkes Apartment, In The VIP, 8 Street Latinas, Big Naturals, Mike In Brazil, Captain Stabbin, CFNM Secret, Its Real, 40 Inch Plus, Hot Bush, Round And Brown and maybe Happy Tugs too. They recently added a bunch of niche sites into the mix, but they are not so good as the original ones. I dont care much about the new ones either, as their classic sites offer so much quality porn already.
As you can see in the above list, the Reality Kings network covers a wide area of genres, but its focus is on the general reality porn approach, so all scenes try to look like it could all happen in real life, I am sure you know the setup. The big positive of this network is that they do not rely heavily on the top 20 pornstars but they regularly look for new talent and bring fresh new models to star in their movies. This sets the network quite a lot from some others where you see the same faces over and over again. I am not telling RK would not containt the top stars at all, they are just not the dominant part of the cast.
RK Network contains a massive amount of content, there are more than 6000 models starring in their videos and the total amount of scenes that are available for download is higher than 7000. Keep in mind this is all exclusive content produced for their sites, not some DVD rips that you can find on every other site. The quality is awesome with the new movies, and not so awesome with the old ones … like on any site running for several years. The new movies come in Full HD quality, so there really isnt much to complain about. Of course there are photos available for every scene too.
Joining Reality Kings is a decision that is really easy to make, especially when you can get a special discount from me Just click on the link below and you will automatically pay $17.95 per month instead of the regular $24.95. They give this discount to review site visitors as they obviously know what site they are joining after reading the review and are more likely to stay members for long, makes sense, right?
Visit Reality Kings NOW !!!
Want another Reality Kings Review? Here you go


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ISC Sydney has moved
Our office is now:
Level 4, 181 Miller Street, North Sydney
Phone: +61 2 9922 1966 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Level 4, 181 Miller Street, North Sydney
Phone: +61 2 9922 1966 Email: email@example.com
Get Certified by ISC
Click: Certification Programs
As a JAS-ANZ accredited certification body, ISC provides independent third party auditing, training and certification
Training Courses
ISC delivers training & professional development courses.
Quick Estimate
Complete the online form and receive a detailed quotation
International Standards Certifications (ISC), a member of the DNV GL Group, is a JAS-ANZ accredited certification body delivering independent auditing, training and certification to organisations requiring Human Services, Healthcare (NSQHS), Fertility (RTAC) and Product Certification.
ISO Quality, Environmental and Safety standards are now provided through our parent company https://www.dnvgl.com.au/
Contact ISC
Level 4, 181 Miller Street
North Sydney NSW 2060 Australia
Tel: +61 2 9922 1966
Fax: +61 2 9929 8792
Email: email@example.com


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Great place - felt so at home the moment I walked in the door. It was a good size for a cabin, very cozy but enough room. The furniture & beds were comfortable. The entire cabin was very clean. The kitchen was well stocked - the only item I needed but did not find was a 9 x 13 baking pan and that was easily resolved in town. The front porch, back deck & hot tub were in good condition. The washer & dryer were slow. Overall it was a great escape and I am looking forward to a return trip!
Problem with this review?


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Underwater Housings
Take your camera for a dive and capture amazing underwater pictures. Choose an underwater housing for your camera.
Edit Filters
Applied Filters:
- Remove This Item Compatible Products: E-PL1
- Remove This Item Price: $400.00 - $499.99
- Remove This Item Type: UW Housing
PT-EP01 E-PL1 Underwater Housing$499.99500 Points
Out of stock


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User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:18.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/18.0 SeaMonkey/2.15.2 (Beta/Release)
Build ID: 20130203013604
Steps to reproduce:
Would be great if Thunderbird could use the published date in an Atom feed instead of the updated date if there's an empty one.
E. g. http://www.techstage.de/rss.xml
Contains for an entry the following elements:
Unfortunately, Thunderbird is displaying the fetching time as article time. Would be great to have the published date as alternative as it sounds logical that a never-updated article has no updated-date.
it's because there's an <updated> tag, but it's empty. but yes, it would be nice to check that..
Created attachment 754967 [details] [diff] [review]
and `here it is.
Comment on attachment 754967 [details] [diff] [review]
Review of attachment 754967 [details] [diff] [review]:
Looks good to me. r=mkmelin
Wow - many thanks for the fast implementation. Cannot wait to get the update ;)


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Best Pasta Recipes
Below we have compiled some of the best pasta recipes for all different occasions and with varying degrees of difficulty. But before you try your hand with those, why don't you check out the "Recipe Idea" cookbook? The Recipe Idea cookbook contains 350 easy to make recipes. This cookbook was specifically designed for busy people, so if you find yourself low on time, and want to have more spare time then THIS is the solution for you. It includes cooking tips, cooking suggestions and even a daily meal planner.
Click here for to check it out.
Magnificent 5-Cheese and Macaroni (Slow- Cooked)
Total Time: 4 hours, 30 minutes
Prep: 30 minutes
Cook Time: 4 hours
Servings: 4-6
-Cooking spray or olive oil
-8-10 ounces of elbow macaroni (depending on the size of your cooking vessel)
-12 ounce can of evaporated milk
-1/2 stick of butter, cut up in cubes or melted
-1 cup cheddar cheese
-1 cup pepper jack cheese
-1 cup shredded mozzarella
-1 cup Havarti cheese, chopped
-1 cup Asiago cheese
-2 cups whole milk
-2 dashes of salt
-Pepper to taste
-dash of paprika
How to Make This Recipe:
1. Start by spraying or wiping oil on the inside of your slow cooker. Then, mix the macaroni (8 ounces if you have a 4 quart crock pot or smaller) with evaporated milk, milk, butter, salt, pepper, and all but 1/2 cup of your favorite cheese. Sprinkle the top with paprika, and cover with the remaining cheese.
Note: If you don't have a crock pot, you can use a 9″ x 13″ pan. Bake the mixture at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for about an hour.
2. Cover the pot and cook it on low for 4 hours. Stir occasionally, making sure that the macaroni doesn't stick to the bottom of the pan. The dish is finished when the noodles are cooked all the way through.
3. Let the dish set for up to 30 minutes before serving so that the cheese has time to set.
All in all, you'll spend about four and a half hours until you can eat this delicious dish. It's incredibly easy, and all kinds of ingredients can be mixed it, like bacon or broccoli. It's a great meal to throw in the crock pot around lunch time to enjoy at dinner.
Shrimp Scampi with Linguini
Total Time: 45 minutes
Prep: 15 minutes
Cook Time: 30 minutes
Servings: 4
– 1 pound linguini
– 1/2 stick butter
– enough olive oil to coat the pan
– 1 onion, finely diced
– 4 tablespoons (TSP) minced garlic or 2 garlic cloves
– 1-1.5 pounds of frozen peeled shrimp
– 1/2 to 1/3 cup white wine
– lemon juice
– 1/4 cup chopped parsely
– Salt and pepper
– Red pepper flakes (optional)
1. Start by boiling water for your pasta, adding a sprinkle of salt and oil to the pan while it boils. Meanwhile, add the butter to the skillet, and set the oven on medium high heat. Saute the onions, garlic, and red pepper flakes together until the onion has been cooked through, but be careful not to burn the garlic.
2. Add shrimp to pan, seasoning it with salt and pepper until it just barely turns pink. At this point, your water has probably started to boil. Add the noodles and cook them for 6-8 minutes until the pasta is "al dente" or firm to bite. Remove the shrimp from the pan, and pour in the wine and lemon juice, bringing it to a boil. Return the shrimp to the pan and add parsley. Remove the pasta from the water, adding it to your skillet and add a small amount of salt and pepper.
3. Serve immediately.
If you don't like shrimp, you could try doing this dish with chicken instead. It's incredibly easy to do, and your significant other will be impressed with your cooking finesse. It makes a great dinner with candlelight and a nice glass of your favorite wine.
Sausage and Spinach Italian Cannelloni
Total time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Prep time: 30 minutes
Cook Time: 1 hour
Servings: 4-6
-Olive oil
-1 medium onion
-8 manicotti noodles
-8 ounces of Italian sausage with the casings removed
-1 cup of spinach leaves
-1 container of ricotta cheese
-2 cups Parmesan cheese
-1 large egg, beaten
-4 cups of tomato sauce and 2 cans of tomatoes
-Salt and Pepper
-5 tsp of Garlic (3 cloves)
1. Heat oil on medium high heat, sauteing onions and garlic until it's fragrant and translucent. Add sausage, breaking it up, cooking it until it's no longer pink. In another bowl, mix up the cheese spinach, salt and pepper. When the sausage is fully cooked, mix everything together. Put the diced tomatoes and tomato paste together in your pan, and let it simmer for a few minutes.
2. Preheat the oven to 400° F, slightly cooking the pasta until it's "al dente." Remove manicotti and let them cool. In a 9″ x 13″ pan, spread 1/2 cup sauce mixture. Start filling the manicotti with the cheese, sausage and spinach mixture, gingerly placing them into the pan. Spoon the remaining sauce mix over the top, along with a 1/2 cup of Parmesan cheese.
3. Bake for an hour, or until the cheese on the top is golden brown and the noodles are tender.
This is a dish that will knock the socks off of all of your guests. It's a little more complicated, so serve it at a dinner party, with a nice salad and garlic bread. If you prefer, substitute sausage with beef or chicken. You could also top the dish with fresh basil.
"Mix It and Forget It" Vegetarian Oven-baked Ziti
Total time: 1 hour
Prep time: 20 minutes
Cook time: 40 minutes
Servings: 4-6
-1 pound rigatoni pasta
-Olive oil
-1 large eggplant, cubed
-3 cups diced tomatoes, diced whole tomatoes, or sun dried tomatoes
-15 Kalamata olives, minced
-2 chopped dried chilies
-3 tsp minced garlic
-1 can tomato paste
-3 cups mozzarella cheese
-Basil and parsely
-Salt and pepper to taste
-Grated parmigiana cheese for topping
1. Preheat your oven to 400ºF. Boil water with salt and oil, and when it reaches full boil, dump it in. In another pan, add olive oil, cubed eggplant, tomatoes, olives, Chile peppers and garlic for a few minutes. Add the tomato sauce and simmer for ten minutes.
2. Drain your rigatoni when it's "al dente." Add it to the saucepan, sprinkle it with cheese, and then start layering the mixture in a pan. Make 1 inch layers of the pasta mixture, then spread a cheese layer. Add more noodles and layer, eventually topping with parmigiana. Bake for 20-40 minutes until the top is golden brown.
If you've got a hungry family or a potluck, this easy dish is for you! If you don't like the vegetarian option, try using cooked sausage, chicken, or ground turkey! It's a great filling dinner, and there's usually lots of leftovers the next day.
Hearty Italian Pasta- Bean Soup
Total Time: 45 minutes to 1 hour
Cook Time: 30 minutes to 45 minutes
Prep Time: 10 minutes to an hour
Servings: 4-6
– 1 large can of diced tomatoes
– 1 quart of chicken broth
– 1 large onion, diced
– 2 tsp minced garlic
– 8 oz Italian sausage, sliced
– 1 can of kidney beans, pinto beans, or black beans
– 2 tsp basil
– 2 tsp parsley
-1/4 tsp pepper
-1 1/2 cups small pasta shells
1. Heat oil in a saucepan over medium high heat. Cook onion and garlic together for 2 to 4 minutes until it starts to become tender and slightly browned. Add sausage and brown, draining excess grease. Add in the tomatoes, broth, beans, basil, parsley and pepper. Bring to a boil.
2. Add pasta and reduce the heat to low. Stir occasionally, letting the shells cook until they're tender. Let the dish sit for about 30 minutes before serving.
This dish makes a great lunch meal or dinner first course. You can add all kinds of veggies, like spinach or kale, corn, celery, or any other mild veggie you can imagine. It's easy and fast, and will quickly become your favorite clear soup!
Don't forget to check out the "Recipe Idea" cookbook. It can be a real time saver.


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News By Tag
* Blueberry
* Blueberries
* Fresh Blueberries
* Box Tops for Education
* Green Giant
* Green Giant Fresh
* More Tags...
Industry News
News By Place
Industry News
Green Giant Fresh Blueberries Feature Box tops for Education Available from Gourmet Trading Company
Gourmet Trading Company, North American distributor of fresh Asparagus and Blueberries, announced today that it will pack and market Green Giant® Fresh Blueberries featuring Box Tops For Education®.
Gourmet Trading Company first joined the Green Giant Fresh and Box Tops for Education program last fall with its Bagged Asparagus. The company is excited to expand its product line with fresh Blueberries. Gourmet Trading Company will start packing the Green Giant® Fresh Blueberries with the Box Tops for Education coupon from its California farm in the following weeks.
"Blueberries are the perfect snack for kids and a natural fit for Green Giant Fresh and the Box Tops for Education program. Gourmet Trading Company is a key supplier for Green Giant Fresh and we are thrilled to extend our relationship with them to include blueberries."
Julia Inestroza, Marketing Director at Gourmet Trading Company stated "We're excited to partner again with Green Giant Fresh and, especially, the Box Tops for Education program. Berries, in particular, are such a kid-friendly snack, and to be able to have the BTFE label on the product will only help increase sales at the retail level while giving back to schools in need across the country."
Box Tops for Education is a nationwide fundraising program dedicated to helping America's schools. Families clip the Box Tops coupons from specially marked products, like Green Giant Fresh Blueberries, and turn them in to their local school or online. The school then redeems the Box Tops coupons and receives a check to get the things they need – from books and school supplies to playground equipment to computers.
Green Giant Fresh Blueberries with Box Tops for Education are available in 4.4oz, 6oz, 11oz, and 18oz pack sizes.
About Gourmet Trading Company:
Gourmet Trading Company, headquartered in Los Angeles, CA, was founded in 1982. Their control over the supply chain of fresh Asparagus and Blueberries enables them to offer superior service to their customers and growers all over the world. Strong grower relationships globally, a state of the art packing facility in Pasco, Washington, implementation of their own traceability system, management of their own farms in Peru and California, in-house warehousing through Gourmet Logistics, and continual investment in their business enables them to provide high quality Asparagus and Berries all year round. Gourmet Trading Company has additional offices in Miami, Florida; Pasco, Washington; El Centro, California; Bakersfield, California; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Santiago, Chile; Auckland, New Zealand; Lima, Peru; Tokyo, Japan; and Caborca, Mexico. Additional information is available at www.gourmettrading.net
About Green Giant® Fresh
Green Giant Fresh — the nation's most trusted brand in produce — offers direct-from-
About Box Tops for Education:
Box Tops for Education was founded in 1996 by General Mills and has already raised over $400 million for education. The program continues to raise more money each year. Just last year the BTFE raised over $59 million for North American schools. 31 million households clip BTFE logos.
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Habakkuk was incensed at the inhumanity of the people of Judah and was intensely concerned over the injustice in the kingdom. The acute discrepancies between God's promises and the undeniable realities of injustice forced the prophet into a theological impasse. How could God allow these circumstances to stand? Ultimately Habakkuk realized that God would not allow injustice to persist. Regardless of their oppressive circumstances, the true people of God will live in faithfulness to his covenant, awaiting his redemptive work in history. This was Habakkuk's message, and the writers of the NT saw in it the central truth of the Gospel in germinal form. Habakkuk's principle of the faithful life became the foundational premise of Paul's doctrine of salvation by faith, proclaimed to the Asian church (Gal 3:11) and the European church (Ro 1:17). The author of Hebrews also made this doctrine clear for the Jewish church (10:36-37).
Classical Wesleyanism was deeply disturbed by the injustice and poverty so prevalent in eighteenth-century England and was committed to social action. Indeed, some scholars have argued that the Wesleyan Revival's social ethic and its ministry to the victims of England's rapid industrialization saved the nation from political revolution. Unfortunately, our tradition has not always retained this emphasis.
Some liberation theologians have used Habakkuk to support violent revolution as the divinely ordained answer to social injustice. But God did not command Habakkuk to gather faithful Judahites for the purpose of raising up arms against the wicked and corrupt society. Instead, in his divine prerogative, God employed a more wicked and corrupt nation as an instrument of his wrath. After the Babylonians served his purpose, they too were punished. The more appropriate biblical paradigm for a Christian response to injustice is Jesus' ministry in Palestine during the oppressive Roman rule (Jn 8:32).
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