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Smart City Business Institute
Designed for researchers, experts, architects, engineers, economists or consultants, amongst other professionals involved in the Smart sector
SCBI | Professional: The place where engineers, architects, consultants, economists and the experts of the field will have access to cooperate in order to provide knowledge to the Smart Cities stakeholders.
The Smart City Business Institute is an organization with the goal to spread the word about the initiatives of all companies, institutions, city halls and professionals who are dedicated to the possibilities of Smart Cities, and to give the deserved renown to the authors of these projects.
A common meeting point, designed to gather the demand and supply of Smart solutions throughout the world. Communication, Brand positioning, access to knowledge and networking, all in one platform.
Designed for researchers, experts, architects, engineers, economists or consultants, amongst other professionals involved in the Smart sector
SCBI | Professional: The place where engineers, architects, consultants, economists and the experts of the field will have access to cooperate in order to provide knowledge to the Smart Cities stakeholders.
Global Business Partner: Join the private club only available to the large companies which will be taking part in all the future opportunities
The Premium membership mode of the Smart City Business Institute, the private club for companies to take part in a market with a potential market worth of 1.500 billion in the years to come.
More SCBI
From Florence (The Reinassance) to Birmingham (The Industrial Revolution), cities have always been driving forces of development, progress and innovation
Join the SMART COMMUNITY
Startups, true engines of innovation and out-of-the-box solutions
Companies of every size and from every economic sector that are attracted by the business opportunities available in the Smart area
Is your Company a Leader in the Smart field?
The congress will bring together over 400 global influencers and innovators to share knowledge, debate the challenges faced by our cities, encourage out of the box thinking and inspire a worldwide call for action in order to develop smarter and more sustainable cities.
With the world's population at over 7.3 billion and more than half of those living in cities, the CALL FOR PAPERS 2016 seeks solutions to tackle the challenges that cities face in light of this growth.
By 2050, another 2.8 billion additional people are expected to be living in urban areas. At our current rate of emissions, in less than two decades we will have pushed global temperatures 2°Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It is clear that new paradigms are needed for cities' governance, knowledge creation and economic development, supported by ICT, in every aspect of human life.
The SCEWC is the leading event to get inspiration from the most advanced laboratories exploring the future of our cities. This year's call for papers has looked for the most relevant contributions and innovative initiatives and solutions within the framework of Smart Cities. Submissions were evaluated based on three aspects: Innovation, Impact, and Feasibility.
SCEWC is aimed at cities, businesses, entrepreneurs, startuppers, social innovators, research centers, universities, public or non?governmental organizations, consortiums (public?private), social activists, and anyone with innovative Smart City ideas, research, analyses, studies, visions and solutions.
Congress Tracks
Generating synergies with the issues that matter
- Governance
Citizen empowerment, commons, engagement, infrastructure management, open data, performance measurement, public services, right to the city, service integration, transparency.
- Economy
Business model, economic development, financing models, public-private- people partnership, social economy.
- Mobility
Data management, electrical vehicles, intelligent transport systems, pedestrians, public transport, sustainable mobility, traffic management.
- Society
Co-creation, co-production, education, empowerment, equity, inclusive, living labs,livable cities, quality of life, social innovation.
- Sustainability
Alternative resources, climate change, low carbon, public space, regional development,renewable energy, resilience, urban development.
- Data&Technology
Big data, cloud, cyber platform, cybersecurity, data analysis, data protection, internet of things, networks, peer-to- peer, sensors.
- Circular Economy
New business model, eco-design, food waste, green industry, industrial symbiosis, job creation, low carbon, resource efficiency, zero waste, sharing economy, recycling, refurbish, re-use, remanufacturing, repair.
- Safety
Public safety, cybersecurity, vulnerabilities, emergencies, data center, cloud, public services, data protection, cyber threats, infraestructures, data privacy, data management, data protection, data property, surveillance.
In my last article City SmartUp I have explored four preeminent trends, described as tools and illustrated with some global cases: (#1) Rethinking the Smart City Pitch; (#2) Smart City Concept Design; (#3) "Appsation" Reconnecting with Citizens, and (#4) Attracting and Promoting ICT Pilot Projects. The main argument is that you can leapfrog the traditional phases of the development process. It works perfectly for newbies, cities and companies. It is now faster and much cheaper to get there, it is almost like playing lego when it comes to start pilot projects. The city hires an experienced and empowered CDO, Chief or City Digital Officer to quick off the show. And it starts really quickly, a "sampling group of citizens" get connected to the city hall; a fantastic solution for smart lighting is tested in a street or even in a district; car sharing is working well along "some" charging stations; smart meters; smart sensors; smart, smart, smart and successful pilot cases! Officials are glad, private partners are excited and citizens are anxious for the next round. This was the "WOW!" momentum. Congrats, your city gets its first badge -Junior Smart City. It is absolutely a good start, but definitely not enough. It is time to Scale it Up, "NOW!".
This article will address the challenges that follow after piloting a Smart City project –how to Scale-it-Up. If you have done your homework well, things will be easier. At this stage it is not only clear to you but to all stakeholders that your Smart City project is in your city's DNA. Probably the successful pilot projects that your city managed were due to this initial orientation. Remember, your citizens don't want a new city but a smarter city. Second point, if for the pilot projects your city got to attract partners to 'sponsor" and execute it, now it is time to understand how successful the projects were also for them. If it is true, they will be the first one to support you to scale. In the last article I listed 4 tools to SmartUp, so I will start from tool #5 to illustrate the ScaleUp. I will try to illustrate with at least 2 successful cases each one of the next tools, so probably it will be one article for each one of them, following a minimum logical order of implementation.
Tool # 5 - Enabling 24x7 full connection in your city
We all agree that the core of a smart city project is not anymore technology but people. Having a citizen-oriented project is already half way to the success. But we should also agree that the main driver to smart city projects is ICT. It is important to reinforce that the old concept IT (Information Technology) was upgraded with the addition of communication. In this case, communication is related to the ability of not only one-way flow of information but creating an interaction between the two sides : one that wants to inform and the other that is using and reacting to the information. And the tendency is to go even deeper in the use of technology when we reach the IoT (Internet of things) era. Information and communication technology is being used to connect people to people, people to machines and machines to machines. Daily use things like home appliances, bikes and Cars are being connected. Public Lights are becoming smart and connected; car parking; water meters; you can name it. That said, the first step to scale any smart city project is to enable complete, ubiquitous and full time internet connection in your city. No shadows, not interruptions, no crashes. Internet is becoming as important as a reliable and stable utility supply (power, water or gas) to a city. It is (or was until now) very costly because it implies infrastructure investment. Doesn't matter if we are talking about satellite, optical fiber nets or mobile 3, 4 or future 5Gs, all known technologies up to now were based on complex and expensive hardware and urban infrastructure. So, if you have not realized about it before, this will be the first big headache in scaling-up. But we are here to discuss about solutions not problems, so allow me to detail two successful cases I visited personally this year:
Case 1 - New York smart growth
First one is called LinkNYC in New York. I had the opportunity to visit the project personally last February 2016 and I got really impressed. The main idea behind the project is to replace all the 7.500 to 10.000 old public phones booths with modern wifi kiosks, a new technology developed by Civiq from Massachusetts. According to The Wall Street Journal the project is being managed by a consortium named CityBridge, a joint venture between three main companies: the smartphone chip maker Qualcomm Inc., networking company CIVIQ Smartscapes and Intersection, which is connected to Google parent company Alphabet Inc. CityBridge says it is investing more than $200 million in the project. The kiosks have basically 3 core functions:
1. Enable free ultrafast wifi connection for pedestrians. Until February, the faster real public free connection I had experienced was in Seoul in 2015, reaching 25 Mbps and believe me, I was really happy! In Italy I pay for 20 Mbps (the maximum offered in my town) and the local operator is obliged by law to assure me at least 10% - 2 Mbps - It is not a joke! So Korea was offering me 11 times faster for free! Paradise, I thought! Back to New York, when I managed the test, 1 week after the launch of service my mobile almost collapsed, 216 Mbps - almost 10 times faster than Korea and amazing 100 times faster than my home connection.
2. Free national calls: As the main idea was to replace the public phones, you can also make phone calls. There is a built in tablet that can be used to call as the old phones, but here the good news , you can call for free any american land number!
3. City Info: The tablet also allows internet navigation. From consulting any city service or to get tourism information again, all for free.
The business model: As the old phones, kiosks are being installed in every single corner of Manhattan, less than 50 meters of each other. As state of the arts pieces, each kiosk costs around $30.000 American dollars, so how to afford it? New York is a rich city so they have budget enough to permit such luxury commodity right? Wrong again. The project is not costing a penny to the city hall, or even better, to the tax payers, it is a PPP based in public concession. The business model is based in advertisement. Each kiosk is equipped with a screen, that works as a billboard. Indeed, by licensing the service, New York city become a business partner in the project and will receive royalties from the revenue. The business plan forecasts that in 10 years time the city will get paid over half billion dollars. So, summarizing: Smart City project in large scale + no public investment + new revenue for the city. Sounds like music for any mayor, don't you agree?
Now you are probably thinking: well, it was possible to do it in New York, because it is New York! Besides being the 6th largest metropolis in the planet, whit a metropolitan population, considering Newark, of 19.43 million people, what is fantastic to the media business model, the whole "basic" infrastructure such as optical fibers were already there, so it was a" perfect storm" "to attract the project! Yes, now you are right! According to U.S. Department of Transportation, the costs per meters on all new projects in the U.S from over the past 15 years have ranged from $4,00 to $49,00 American dollars and even more expensive in place like California that can reach over 62 American dollars per meter. So we are talking about some millions of dollars to get level zero of the connectivity were talking about.
Case 2 - The magic box - a "plug-and-play" Internet connection on a national scale
Good news here is our second case. I was really glad to visit a a company called Athonet located just some few kilometers far from my home. They were not only nominated but won the Global Mobile Awards 2016 in the category of – Best Solution for Growing Smaller or Independent Networks issued by the World Mobile Congress in Barcelona. It definitely caught the whole industry's attention. Athonet's CEO is also named as one of WIRED magazine's 17 Global Influencers expanding human possibility through technology. Interestingly, Athonet has successfully enabled customers worldwide to deploy local internet networks, simply, cost-effectively and in record time. Basically, they can enable a complete full internet network in a vast area with an initial cost less than 5% of a normal investment budget because they have replaced all that expensive hardware I talked about before with simple software running on standard IT servers. Among the projects they have implemented, there two in particular I would like to highlight. The first one was a humanitarian service developed during the last big earthquake in Italy in 2012. Within just a few hours they deployed a complete local wireless internet network in the disaster area, 35 kilometers north of Bologna. It allowed the Italian Civil protection teams to run operations using HD live-streaming videos of the disaster area to control centres ,communicating and co-ordinating the activities of emergency personnel and helping save lives. More than 2km radius of LTE coverage was immediately available for emergency response workers. 24 LTE wireless cameras were instantly deployed for video surveillance of key areas and a command and control center was settled. Athonet was awarded a medal by the president of the Republic of Italy for this project. They are now applying this to provide instant ubiquitous coverage for smart cities.
A second remarkable project, using the same technology, was managed in 2015. Access, a mobile operator in Malawi, Africa, approached Athonet with the challenge to implement a 4G/LTE network, the first in the country, in a matter of weeks to enable them (Access) to launch the latest generation broadband wireless service. Malawi is among the smallest countries in Africa and it is among the world's least-developed nations with around 85% of the population living in rural areas. The network had to be scalable nationwide, very cost-efficient, IT-friendly and simple to integrate with Access' existing infrastructure including its CDMA network. In 2011, there were 3.952 million mobiles and almost 1 million Internet users, very few numbers for a country with more than 17 million inhabitants. We can easily figure out how important can be an affordable infrastructure project for a developing country.
Without going through all the complexity behind technical terms as Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Home Location Register (HLR), Voice-over-LTE (IMS for VoLTE), Voice-over-WiFi (WiFi calling) and LTE Broadcast (eMBMS) and make it simple to understand, imagine a wifi router that you install at home in a plug-and-play connect. Athonet plugs-and-plays on a a city or national scale.
The business model: the big competitive advantage of the system is the low initial costs for the government or company that need to establish city-wide internet networks. It removes the huge barrier to deployment of city-wide networks that comes from the cost of conventional technologies. We come down from 7 or 8 zeros figures to few thousands of dollars. It is a pay-for-use model, where app companies, developers and finally the end-user will pay the bill in a long term perspective. Just to remind you, at the end of the day it will be "us" anyway to pay the bill by taxes, consumption or both. if your city or country still doesn't have a full internet infrastructure developed, they will add it to a list of concerns that includes public health, education and security. If we consider the traditional expensive infrastructure such as optical fibers, probably internet will not the first priority. So, new solutions in this field are really welcome.
The new concept of Smart Cities is definitely based in smart citizens and smart solutions. We need to go out of the box to achieve our goals. Be focused, don't lose track and mainly, keep it simple! It is time to ScaleUp!
By Renato de Castro
The objective of this third article of our collaborator Dr. A.N.Sarkar is to look at the potential benefits of developing eco-cities and eco-towns with focus on ecology, environment, sustainability and economic impact aspects. Technology and urban layout for Eco-City and Eco-Towns are also highlighted. This is complemented by a detailed case study on leading Eco-cities and Eco-Towns in the World. In a future article we'll take a look at the potential benefits of developing aerotropolis around the megacities of the world.
The International Eco-city Conference Series of the World Eco-city Summit, held in 2008 in San Francisco, brought together the key innovators, decision makers, technologists, businesses and organizations shaping the conversation around ecological and sustainable city, town and village design, planning and development. Ideally therefore, Eco-city/ Eco-Town projects should a priori typically include carbon emissions reduction and resource efficiency targets, economic development goals, and unique city designs to promote healthy, socially sustainable communities, as well as to gain recognition for sustainability. Eight years later, those valuations remain current in our days.
The most challenging problem facing our cities today is to meet the ever-rising demand for power, water supply and waste management
Benefits of Developing Eco-cities and Eco-Townships
There are several benefits of developing Eco-cities and Eco-Townships; which among other things, are largely green and eco-friendly. These include: efficient land-use, habitat preservation and restoration, effective transport management and energy efficiency, efficient use of resources, emissions and pollution control and enhanced quality of life for the occupants as detailed below.
Efficient Land-Use
In today's scenario, development has become synonymous with physical expansion or growth. There is a need for significant changes in the pattern of land use and construction that will provide communities with better quality of life and at the same time conserve natural resources. Green Township rating system addresses the impacts of urban sprawl by encouraging compact, mixed-use developments and promotes higher urban densities without affecting the quality of life. Habitat
Preservation & Restoration
Conventional development is generally insensitive to natural environment. Such developments may scar the landscape, take prime agricultural land out of production or destroy biodiversity and natural habitats. The Green Townships rating system is designed to facilitate restoration and preservation of the natural environment by encouraging strategies that aid interface between the built environment and natural environment. This approach will not only enhance the fabric of the planned development but also provide environments conducive for living and working.
Efficient Transportation Management
Traffic congestion, long distance commuting, rising levels of air and noise pollution are pressing issues in today's cities. Efforts to relieve congestion such as, constructing flyovers, road widening etc., are good initiatives but may not address issues such as fossil fuel consumption and associated emissions. 'Green Townships' rating system addresses these issues by encouraging effective and efficient transportation management strategies. Such strategies include increasing opportunities for bicycling, encouraging pedestrian friendly network; reduction in the number of automobile trips, promoting public transportation and use of alternative vehicles.
Efficient Use of Resources
Perhaps the most challenging problem facing our cities today is to meet the ever-rising demand for power, water supply and waste management. Meeting this demand requires enormous amount of investments infrastructure. Efficient and effective use of resources is thus vital in augmenting the existing infrastructure.
Water Efficiency
Most of the Asian countries are water stressed, and in countries like India, the water table has reduced drastically over the last decade. Green townships encourage use of water in a self - sustainable manner through reducing, recycling and reusing strategies and can save potable water to an extent of 30 - 50%.
Energy Efficiency
Green townships can reduce energy consumption of infrastructural equipment through energy efficient street lighting, motors, pumps etc. The energy savings that can be realized by adopting this rating program in infrastructural equipment can be to the tune of 20-30%. Further, on-site power generation using various renewable energy technologies and other clean fuels can significantly reduce the load on grid power supply.
Enhanced Quality Of Life
The place that we live in has profound effect on our lives. People have a natural predisposition to feel better and perform better in livable&safe environments. Green township developments are beneficial to the individual and community. Mixed land use and compact planning are the characteristic of a green development, which reduces dependency on automobiles and associated green house emissions. The outdoor air quality is enhanced by providing landscaped areas, encouraging the use of clean fuels for vehicles. Noise levels are reduced by provision of vegetative buffer. Green buildings and energy efficient infrastructure further aid in reducing the green house gas emissions. Public landscaped areas, walkable streets, bicycling lanes, community gardens and public spaces encourage physical activity and help in improving public health.
An eco-city is a city built off the principles of living within the means of the environment, an ecologically healthy city
Benefits to Developers
There is wide spread perception that environmentally responsive developments are time consuming and financially less rewarding. However, in reality well-executed green developments perform extremely well financially, as they require lower operating costs, increase health and productivity of the citizens and have higher marketability. The immediate benefits include reduction in water and energy demand right from the initial stages of operation.
Eco-City and Eco-Town: Innovations and Economics
An eco-city is a city built off the principles of living within the means of the environment. The ultimate goal of many eco-cities is to eliminate all carbon waste, to produce energy entirely through renewable sources, and to incorporate the environment into the city; however, eco-cities also have the intentions of stimulating economic growth, reducing poverty, organizing cities to have higher population densities, and therefore higher efficiency, and improving health.
The concept of the "eco-city" was born out of one of the first organizations focused on eco-city development, "Urban Ecology." The group was founded by Richard Register in Berkeley, California in 1975, and was founded with the idea of reconstructing cities to be in balance with nature ("Urban Ecology"; Retrieved 21 November 2011; Roseland, 1997 ). They worked to plant trees along the main streets, built solar greenhouses, and worked within the Berkeley legal system to pass environmentally friendly policies and encourage public transportation. Urban Ecology then took the movement another step further with the creation of The Urban Ecologist, a journal they started publishing in 1987. Urban Ecology further advanced the movement when they hosted the first International Eco-City Conference in Berkeley, California in 1990. The Conference focused on urban sustainability problems and encouraged the over 700 participants to submit proposals on how to best reform cities to work within environmental means. In 1992 Richard Register founded the organization Eco-city Builders which has acted as convener of the conference series ever since. Eco-City Conferences have been held in Adelaide, Australia; Yoff, Senegal; Curitiba, Brazil; Shenzhen, China; Bangalore, India; San Francisco, United States; Istanbul, Turkey; Montreal, Canada; Nantes, France and Abu Dhabi (2015) ( "Eco-city Builders"; Retrieved 21 November 2011 ).
An eco-city is an ecologically healthy city. Into the deep future, the cities in which we live must enable people to thrive in harmony with nature and achieve sustainable development. People oriented, eco-city development requires the comprehensive understanding of complex interactions between environmental, economic, political and socio-cultural factors based on ecological principles. Cities, towns and villages should be designed to enhance the health and quality of life of their inhabitants and maintain the ecosystems on which they depend. Eco-city development integrates vision, citizen initiative, public administration, ecologically efficient industry, people's needs and aspirations, harmonious culture, and landscapes where nature, agriculture and the built environment are functionally integrated in a healthy way. Eco-city development requires
a. Ecological security: clean air, and safe, reliable water supplies, food, healthy housing and workplaces, municipal services and protection against disasters for all people.
b. Ecological sanitation: efficient, cost-effective eco-engineering for treating and recycling human excreta, gray water, and all wastes.
c. Ecological industrial metabolism: resource conservation and environmental protection through industrial transition, emphasizing materials re-use, life-cycle production, renewable energy, efficient transportation, and meeting human needs.
d. Eco-scape (ecological-landscape) integrity: arrange built structures, open spaces such as parks and plazas, connectors such as streets and bridges, and natural features such as waterways and ridgelines, to maximize biodiversity and maximize accessibility of the city for all citizens while conserving energy and resources and alleviating such problems as automobile accidents, air pollution, hydrological deterioration, heat island effects and global warming.
e. Ecological awareness: help people understand their place in nature, cultural identity, responsibility for the environment, and help them change their consumption behavior and enhance their ability to contribute to maintaining high quality urban ecosystems.
AEco-cities and Eco-Towns decrease the residential and commercial dependence on automobiles
Eco-city Development Criteria
There are currently no set criteria for what is considered an "eco-city," although several sets of criteria have been suggested, encompassing the economic, social, and environmental qualities an eco-city should satisfy. The ideal "eco-city" has been described as a city that fulfils the following requirements:
• Operates on a self-contained economy, resources needed are found locally
• Has completely carbon-neutral and renewable energy production
• Has a well-planned city layout and public transportation system that makes the priority methods of transportation as follows possible: walking first, then cycling, and then public transportation.
• Resource conservation—maximizing efficiency of water and energy resources, constructing a waste management system that can recycle waste and reuse it, creating a zero-waste system
• Restores environmentally damaged urban areas
• Ensures decent and affordable housing for all socio-economic and ethnic groups and improve jobs opportunities for disadvantaged groups, such as women, minorities, and the disabled
• Supports local agriculture and produce
• Promotes voluntary simplicity in lifestyle choices, decreasing material consumption, and increasing awareness of environmental and sustainability issues
In addition to these initial requirements, the city design must be able to grow and evolve as the population grows and the needs of the population change (Graedel, Thomas, 2011). This is especially important when taking into consideration infrastructure designs, such as for water systems, power lines, etc. These must be built in such a way that they are easy to modernize (as opposed to the dominant current strategy of placing them underground, and therefore making them highly inaccessible). Each individual eco-city development has also set its own requirements to ensure their city is environmentally sustainable; these criteria range from zero-waste and zero-carbon emissions, such as in the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city project and the Abu Dhabi Masdar City project, to simple urban revitalization and green roof garden projects in Augustenborg, Malmö, Sweden. Using a different set of criteria, the International Eco-Cities Initiative recently identified as many as 178 significant eco-city initiatives at different stages of planning and implementation around the world. To be included in this census, initiatives needed to be at least district-wide in their scale, to cover a variety of sectors, and to have official policy status.
Practical Achievements of Eco-City
Economic Impact
One of the major and most noticeable economic impacts of the movement towards becoming an eco-city is the notable increase in productivity across existing industries as well as the introduction of new industries, thus creating jobs. First, the movement away from carbon-producing energy sources to more renewable energy sources, such as wind, water and solar power, provides local economies with new, thriving industries. The creation of these industries, in turn, births an increase in the demand for labor; thus, not only does total employment increase, but an increase in wages also mimics increasing employment. Moreover, one of the main priorities of a sustainable city is to reduce its ecological footprint by reducing total carbon emissions, which, economically speaking means increasing productivity. Merely increasing the rate of productivity in an industry reduces costs, both monetary and environmental; that is, as an industry becomes more productive, it can more efficiently allocate and use both its physical and human capital, reducing the time it takes to make the same amount of goods which also allows for a higher wage (because employees are doing more) and a lesser environmental impact. In all, although the initial movement towards becoming a sustainable city may be quite costly for a smaller, poorer city, the benefits of such movement are plentiful in the long-run economic model.
Improvement of Environmental Standards
Although local environmental standards may differ across eco-cities, each city nonetheless has its own appropriate and practical goals and expectations that have provided the foundation for their recognition as a sustainable city. Differences in these goals and expectations are to be expected, however, due to the limitations of technology and local financing. The primary goal for all sustainable cities is to significantly decrease total carbon emissions as quickly as possible in order to work towards becoming a carbon-free city; that is, sustainable cities work to move towards an economy based solely on renewable energy. Actions towards carbon-reductions can be seen on both the corporate and individual levels: many industries are working towards cleaner production, but individuals are also moving away from environmentally costly forms of transportation to more sustainable methods, such as public transportation or biking. On this note, another common environmental goal is to increase and make more efficient the public transportation systems. Many sustainable cities also work towards becoming more densely populated (urban density); having its citizens living closer to energy production means less environmental costs of transporting said energy to citizen households.
Technology and Urban Layout for Eco-City and Eco-Town
By decreasing urban sprawl, Eco-cities and Eco-Towns decrease the residential and commercial dependence on automobiles. Concurrently, improved public transportation further decreases the demand for cars. The development of metro station and light rail transit systems provide mass transit not only within sectors of a city but between cities. Furthermore, many eco-cities are employing expanded "clean" bus routes in order to decrease the emissions from single household vehicles. Critics note, however, that the high price of "clean" diesel, CNG/LNG, hybrid electric buses, and super capacitor-powered buses may not prove "economically and operationally viable" (World Bank, 2009).
Coping with Urbanization Trend
Eco-cities as well as Eco-Towns may also seek to create sustainable urban environments with long-lasting structures, buildings and a great livability for its inhabitants. The most clearly defined form of walkable urbanism is known as the Charter of New Urbanism. It is an approach for successfully reducing environmental impacts by altering the built environment to create and preserve smart cities which support sustainable transport. Residents in compact urban neighborhoods drive fewer miles, and have significantly lower environmental impacts across a range of measures, compared with those living in sprawling suburbs ("Towards a Green Economy"; United Nations Environment Program; Retrieved 17 November, 2011). The concept of Circular flow land use management has also been introduced in Europe to promote sustainable land use patterns that strive for compact cities and a reduction of Greenfield land take by urban spraw. In sustainable architecture the recent movement of New Classical Architecture promotes a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, walkability, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as opposing solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.
Landscape Development Focus
Eco-cities primarily employ green roofs, vertical landscaping, and bridge links as methods of decreasing the environmental impact of land use. Constructing green roofs and investing in vertical landscaping create natural insulation for residential and commercial properties as well as allows for rainfall collection. Additionally, green roofs and vertical landscaping lower urban temperatures and help prevent the heat island effect. Bridge links allow for development of a walkable city without disrupting the soil to run utility lines by connecting buildings with above ground walkways.
Energy Management Priority
Eco-cities look to employ renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines, solar panels, and biogas, to reduce emissions. Wind turbines present the opportunity of being able to provide both localized districts within eco-cities and the larger region as a whole with emission-free renewable energy that can additionally supplement existing power sources. Furthermore, by designing buildings with natural ventilation systems, eco-cities reduce the need for air conditioning, thus, drastically decreasing commercial and residential energy use. The energy generated can come from large scale energy production systems such as solar farms which supply many homes and businesses or from individual buildings energizing at least in part their own energy from solar photovoltaic or small scale wind turbines or biomass. Many eco-cities additionally look to deploy solar thermal energy. By installing solar collectors, developers will be able to provide hot water for space heating and individual and community needs while reducing dependence on gas fueled boilers. While solar thermal energy appears to be a more efficient source of renewable energy, many urban planners also view photo-voltaic as a viable source of energy. Photovoltaic directly converts solar energy into electricity; however, the extensive costs associated with developing this technology on the city-scale may limit its use when compared to its potential payback. Biogas technology is also deployed as a source of renewable energy as the organic material from wastewater is converted into fuel (Issue Brief: Smart-Growth: Building Livable Communities. American Institute of Architects; Retrieved on 23.3.2014).
Water Supply Economy
Eco-cities aim to decrease water consumption by employing technologies that reduce the amount of water that is needed for irrigation and sewage flow while also preventing black-water and grey-water runoff from entering ground water sources. Developers generally suggest installing low flow fixtures, rainwater harvesting systems, and sustainable urban drainage systems to meet eco-city standards. Additionally, advanced irrigation systems (xeriscaping) aid in maintaining green infrastructure while decreasing green space consumption of water for irrigation.
EU Prototype Model of Smart Eco-Polis adopted the Smart Eco Polis Strategy and Implementation Plan where Eco-town and local communities are envisioned as smart and green, livable and creative, vibrant and attractive, climate-resilient places of the future and unique destination of excellence. The Polis Region is run by a distributed intelligent management platform for future-proof infrastructure, smart mobility and transportation, efficient utilities, clean energy networks, smart power and communication grids, public facilities, intelligent street lighting, intelligent building systems, etc.
Now the legendary Aphrodite's place in Europe, Polis Chrisochous, extending from the national park of Akamas to Pafos forest of Tylliria (southwest of Cyprus), along the Med coastlines of marine Natura 2000 sites, is first to meet the major concern of global urbanization: "…there are no examples to date of cities or regions or states launching fully integrated, strategically designed Smart and Sustainable development programs, strategies and plans". The Smart Eco Polis Program aims to transform the whole region of Polis as an intelligent green region: environmentally sustainable, inter-connected, instrumented, innovative, and integrated, regionally and globally attractive for businesses, citizens, visitors and investors. Life Integrated Projects Environment and Nature and Horizon 2020 Lighthouse Smart Communities Projects are among the key EU 2014-2020 Funding Tools.
Smart and Sustainable Polis is run by its nature-wise urban brains, an intelligent city environmental governance platform, managing its resources, assets, processes and systems: Urban Land and Environment, Roads and Transportation, Energy networks and Utilities, ICT networks and fiber telecom infrastructure, Public and residential buildings, Natural Resources, Water and Waste management, Social infrastructure, Health and safety, Education and culture, Public administration and services, Communities and Businesses. Launched under the Smart Cities Global Initiative, the Smart Polis Program presented for the "World Smart Cities Award", "looking for the most ambitious Smart City strategies, the most advanced projects and the most innovative solutions around the world which foster the evolution of the Smart City concept".
Smart Eco-Polis: A Miniaturized Global Initiative
Committed to the EU Smart Cities and Communities Initiative to improve the quality of life and communal well-being, the Council of POLIS is determined to transform the POLIS Region as a European (Mediterranean) model of regional sustainability, as an innovative corridor of seaside smart town resort and eco communities; carbon neutral or zero-carbon and zero-waste region with integrated "green" and "blue" economies. The Smart Eco-Polis Global Initiatives taken by the Organizers of the EU Smart Cities and Communities undertook the following strategic decisions, as per their mission objectives:
? The Smart Eco Polis Strategy and Implementation Plan where the Eco-town and local communities are envisioned as smart and green, livable and creative, vibrant and attractive, climate-resilient places of the future and unique destination of excellence (Figure 1).
? The Polis Region is to be run by a distributed intelligent management platform for future-proof infrastructure, smart mobility and transportation, efficient utilities, clean energy networks, smart power and communication grids, public facilities, intelligent street lighting, intelligent building systems, etc.
? In order for the urban wealth and communal benefits to be pursued, the Urban Areas and Rural Communities shall have ecologically healthy living, safety and well-being, integrated sustainable town and communal planning and land use, connected residential areas, green living, clean environment, eco-friendly roads, car-free zones, smart streets, clean transportation, energy and advanced utilities, urban agriculture, home ecology, green buildings, renewable energy networks, rainwater catchment systems, solar desalination plants, biomass refineries, solar gardens, environmental quality, low utility bills, lease or sales premiums, increased property values, high property developments, coastal and maritime eco-tourism, quality jobs, solar eco communities and smart eco town, global branding and highly competitive marketability.
? The SMART ECO POLIS Initiative shell be performed by the Public-Private-Civil Society Partnership, led by the Advisory Council, chaired by Mayor and assisted by the city councilors and local community presidents, and run by the program management, leading strategists and members of the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities.
? The SMART ECO POLIS Advisory Council invites future-looking businesses and national ministries, utilities and NGOs, banking institutions and investment funds, developers and investors, academia and research organizations, citizens and civic associations, to adjoin the exciting journey of building intelligent eco communities and cities, as the keys to a sustainable recovery and smart growth of Cyprus and Europe.
? Being in line with the EU Strategy 2020, the Eco-Polis Investment Program is to utilize the EIB's Framework Loan under the EU Multiannual Financial Framework 2014-2020 - 7-Years Planning, Strategies, Policies and Regulations, Funds, Programs and Projects, all innovative funding opportunities, schemes, and initiatives, as well as local government incentives for smart urban growth and sustainable redevelopment. Financing could follow the Public-Private-Citizen Partnership business models, and be shared by the private firms, investors and municipal government.
Life Integrated Projects Environment and Nature and Horizon 2020 Lighthouse Smart Communities Projects are among the key EU 2014-2020 Funding Tools
The Smart Polis Cloud Platform
? The Urban Internet of Everything is the cloud-networked connection of people, processes, data, and things.
? The i-Region Environmental Operation Center is connected with thousands of sensors and cameras spread throughout the cities, as the city brain of the Urban IoE, in which M2M technologies are vital to present intelligent data analytics for city processes.
? "Smart Polis "Intelligent Platform is to integrate a technology-centric (smart) level, an intelligent (people-centric) level, and eco-sustainable level improving the Urban Economy, Community Integration, Quality of Life, and overall Sustainability.
? $14.4 trillion of potential value at stake for the private sector, IoE is a $19 trillion opportunity for businesses and governments globally 2013-2022.
Eco-Smart Polis: Life IP Environment Projects in the EU
? Polis and the surrounding area, because of its unique beauty, idyllic natural environment and excellent climate, is among the first choices for environmental sustainability and eco regional development policies, fitting the LIFE+ Projects for Environment and Climate Action (Integrated project for Environment implementing on a large territorial scale (regional) environmental/climate plans or strategies required by specific Union environmental or climate legislation, developed pursuant to other Union acts or developed by Member States' authorities, primarily in the areas of nature (including Natura 2000 network management), water, waste, air and climate change mitigation and adaptation).
? Committed to the EU Strategy 2020 for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and the Smart Cities and Communities Initiative to improve the quality of life and communal well-being, the Council of POLIS is determined to transform the POLIS Region as a European (Mediterranean) model of regional sustainability, as an innovative corridor of seaside smart town resort and eco communities; carbon neutral or zero-carbon and zero-waste region with integrated "green" and "blue" economies.
? The City Council adopted the SMART ECO POLIS Strategy and Implementation Plan where the core town and local communities are envisioned as smart and green, livable and creative, vibrant and attractive, climate-resilient places of the future and unique destination of environmental excellence.
? Considering the scale, scope and high ambition of our integrated eco region strategy/plan, it is expected that the LIFE program could contribute its average amount, EUR 10 million, with the total project budget to be around EUR 17 million, mobilized from other EU Funds.
Aerotropolis: The Futuristic Vision
Aerotropolis is basically conceived as an international business hub surrounding a modernized and self-contained airport with huge potential to provide demand-driven infrastructural, logistics, supply-chain and services support to help promote international businesses, connecting a large number of international and national cities, including emerging smart cities. With the future growth potential of industrial, commercial and life-style products the future demand for all these will spurt manifold demanding more connectivity between the metropolis and the adjoining airport (i.e. Aerotropolis) in one hand the destination airports, countries, continents on the other hand. This should therefore correspondingly match futuristic consolidation, modernization and expansion of aerotropolis to a smart city complex keeping the aerotropolis in the heart of the business hub. Electronic bricks (i.e. Internet of Things) will play a pivotal role in future designing of the modernized aerotropolis; the way it is currently done in designing the Smart cities, Eco-cities, and Eco-Towns. For ensuring long-term sustainability of the modernized aerotropolis, among other things, the essential services, pollution control mechanisms/devices, rapid mass transport systems, municipal and medical services, conservation of energy, natural resources etc. should be in the priority list of planning and future execution.
The Urban Internet of Everything is the cloud-networked connection of people, processes, data, and things
Global energy crises and alarming climate change patterns observed in past couple of decades, principally resultant from high emissions level and global warming, has been a serious concern of the global community at large; as rightly expressed in the concluding session of the Global Climate Summit (COP21) recently held in Paris. According to the learning made from the analysis of the cited case studies in the paper, the concept of smart cities, eco-city, eco-town and aerotropolis; together with eco-industrial clusters, should essentially constitute the broad framework for developing future strategies and initiate appropriate action-oriented programs to mitigate and therefrom suitably adapt future eco-innovations, allowing formulation of new plan of action for a chain of new eco-villages, eco-towns, eco-cities and aerotropolis based on their existing and future economic potential, coupled with environmental safeguards. This will effectively help develop gradual and incremental growth (based on Kaizen Principles) of eco-towns starting off from the local-level initiatives at eco-village-cluster levels; and graduating therefrom into building on ambitious eco-cities and aerotropolis to help promotion of sustainable green economy in a mutually inclusive (with participation of green community) and yet competitive and sustainable manner in future.
By Dr. A.N.Sarkar
Ex-Senior Professor (International Business) & Dean (Research), Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3& 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola (Sarita Vihar), New Delhi
Brett Prior (2010). "Masdar Update: The Green City in the Middle East Struggles with Dust and Departures," Greentechsolar, Jul. 26, 2010, .
Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability
Caprotti, F. (2014). 'Critical research on eco-cities? A walk through the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City'. Cities 36: 10-36.
Cheng, H. and Y. Hu (2010). Planning for sustainability in China's urban development: Status and challenges for Dongtan eco-city project. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 12, 119–126.
Devuyst, Dimitri (2001). How green is the city?. New York: Columbia University Press.
Eco2 Cities (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 16 November2011.
Eco-Cities; Good Planet; Retrieved 20 November, 2011.
Ecocity Builders; Retrieved 21 November 2011.
Eco-Town Projects/Environmental Industries in Progress, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in 1997: Environment-Conscious Type of Town-Building Models of Eco-Town Municipalities/Business Firms: Case Introduction
Ekostaden Augustenborg (2011), World Habitat Awards. Retrieved 21 November, 2011.
Elizabeth Woyke (2009), "Very Smart Cities," Forbes, Sep. 3, 2009,
European Green Capital; City of Stockholm; Retrieved 20 November, 2011.
Ewing, R. (2009). "Growing Cooler - the Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change", Retrieved on: 2009-03-16.
Fiona Harvey (2010). "Green Vision: The Search for the Ideal Eco-city," Financial Times, London, Sep. 7, 2010,
Freiburg in a pathway towards a sustainable city (PDF). Gaia Consulting. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
Fujimura, H. (1999). "Zero-Emission Technologies and Eco-Cities", Mayors' Asia Pacific Environmental Summit, Summit Proceedings.
Gerber, James (2010). International Economics. Prentice Hall. pp. 167–175. ISBN 978-0-13-510015-8.
Globe Award; Retrieved 20 November 2011.
GovMonitor (2009). "Singapore and China step up collaboration in environmental services sector," Nov. 25, 2009,
GovMonitor (2010). "Singapore boosts collaboration with Jiangsu, China," Oct. 24, 2010,
Graedel, Thomas (2011). "Industrial Ecology and the Ecocity", National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
"Green City-Freiburg"; Retrieved 20 November, 2011.
Harvey, Fiona (2011). "Green vision: the search for the ideal eco-city"; Financial Times. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
Issue Brief: Smart-Growth: Building Livable Communities. American Institute of Architects; Retrieved on 23.3.2014.
Joss, S. (2012). Tomorrow's City Today: Eco-city Indicators, Standards and Frameworks, Bellagio Conference Report, London: University of Westminster.
Joss, S., Cowley, R., de Jong, M., Müller, B., Park, B-S., Rees, W., Roseland, M., and Rydin, Y. (2015). Tomorrow's City Today: Prospects for Standardising Sustainable Urban Development. London: University of Westminster. (ISBN 978-0-9570527-5-8) Available here
Joss, S., Tomozeiu, D. and Cowley, R. (2011). "Eco-Cities - a global survey: eco-city profiles", University of Westminster (ISBN 978-0-9570527-1-0).
Ministry of Health and Welfare (1999). Nihon-no Haikibutsu Shori (Waste Management in Japan)
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Japan, 1997.
MITI in 1997 (1997). Environment-Conscious Type of Town-Building Models of Eco-Town Municipalities/Business Firms: Case Introduction
Miyauchi, T. (2000). Director, Industrial Development Division, Kawasaki City, Personal Communication.
Nihon Keizai Shimbun: "Zero Emissions is becoming policy"; January, 1999
Palca, Joe. (2001). "Abu Dhabi Aims to Build First Carbon-Neutral City", NPR. Retrieved 21 November, 2011.
Paul French, "China's Eco-towns: Green Communities—To Go Eco, Think Small," Climate Change Corp, Feb. 3, 2009,
Pearce, Fred. (2011). "Eco-cities Special: A Shanghai Surprise"(PDF). New Scientist Tech. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
Pete Harrison (2010). "EU Agrees Mandate for 'Nearly Zero Energy' Homes," Reuters, Brussels, May 19, 2010,
"Purac launches new biogas technology for Eco-city in China"; Lackeby Water Group; Retrieved 18 November, 2011.
Roseland, Mark (1997). "Dimensions of the Eco-city". Cities, 14 (4): 197–202.
San Francisco Ecocity Declaration," Ecocity Media (blog), May 15, 2008 (9:13pm),.
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Suzuki, H., Dastur, A., Moffatt, S., & Yabuki, N. (2009). Ecological cities as economic cities. Eco2 Cities, conference edition.
Suzuki, H., Dastur, A., Moffatt, S., Yabuki, N. and Maruyama, H. (2010). Eco2Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities, Washington DC: The World Bank.
"Towards a Green Economy"; United Nations Environment Programme; Retrieved 17, November, 2011.
UN Habitat Report entitled 'Solid Waste Management in the World Cities'
World Bank (2009). Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City: A Case Study of an Emerging Eco-City in China, The World Bank, November, 2009.
World Bank (2009), "Eco2 Cities,"
World Eco-city Summit 2008 in San Francisco
Yoneda, Yuka (2011). "Tianjin Eco City is a Futuristic Green Landscape for 350,000 Residents Read more: Tianjin Eco City is a Futuristic Green Landscape for 350,000 Residents. In habitat - Green Design Will Save the World", Inhabitat, Retrieved 21 November, 2011.
I consider myself a lucky guy! I have been travelling around the world to speak in events about the topic I love most: Smart Cities. Just in the last 12 months, I have already been to more than 20 countries and I have visited more than 30 projects related to this industry.
According to a new market research report 'Internet of things (IoT) in smart cities market by Solutions (Remote Monitoring, Data Management) Platform (Application & Device Management) Application (Building Automation, Energy Management, Transportation)–Global Forecast to 2020', published by MarketsandMarkets. The market size is estimated to grow from USD 51.96 Billion in 2015, at an estimated Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 23.2% during the forecast period.
For the Best Tech Innovation in Commercial and Corporate Real Estate of 2016, at Realcomm.
Commissioner Andriukaitis: "It is now time to make a move from developing and testing to actual implementation of eHealth solutions"
Influential ministerial delegates and eHealth experts from across Europe and the globe have come together to discuss how they can join forces to improve healthcare in Europe through information technology.
Informal carers play a crucial role in supporting people at home to maintain their independence and quality of life. At the same time, informal carers are limited in the support they can offer due to a number of external reasons, such as time constraints, travelling distance or others.
eHealth solutions can be indispensable for informal carers as well as playing a vital role in supporting patients and formal carers. The speaker line-up features Irek Karkowski (CEO, Sensara & Dutch Domotics), Martijn Vastenburg (Managing Director, ConnectedCare - ?HalloZorg) and Henk Herman Nap (Senior Advisor, Vilans).
Christina Roosen, VP for Public Affairs in HIMSS Europe, said: "We are excited to be able to announce such a diverse range of themes and topics which will be addressed during eHealth Week. Having invited the highest level of speakers to come and share their knowledge and experiences with us on topics which they specialise in will make our conversations more fruitful and valuable."
Young and vulnerable groups to benefit from sexual (e)health education
Sexual health is a discipline where the digitisation of communities has a major impact. Therefore, our digital age requires new ways to target and educate young people and vulnerable groups. In this session, speakers and participants will discuss the best online tools to improve sexual health trough means of eHealth and answer any questions or concerns around the topic. Speakers for this session include Marianne Cense (Researcher, Rutgers), Philippo Zimbile (Head of Department, Soa Aids Netherlands), Triin Raudsepp (Sexual Health Association, Estland) and Kaat van Bosstraeten (Project Manager, Sensoa).
To what extent should we embrace robotics in healthcare?
Robotics and domotics can add value to quality of life of older people and can assist them in healthy and assisted living at home. This is not only a matter of smart technology, but also depends on technology acceptance and ethical aspects. Possibilities of new technologies seem endless. But do we pay enough attention to the human aspect? What are the effects of technology replacing human contact? How should we deal with these issues?
In this session, speakers will identify areas where robotics and domotics are adding value to people's lives and practical guidelines will be shared. The experienced line-up of speakers who will be on stage for this session include Andy Bleaden (Project Manager, Silver Project), Wang Long Li (Co-founder, Tinyrobots), Robert A. Paauwe (Co-founder, Tinybots), Maja Rudinac (CEO, Robot Care Systems) and Tomas Ward (CEO, Bioserve).
Patients are key during the eHealth Week, from 8 – 10 June, under the theme "You, at the heart of transition". eHealth policies are changing. Until now, policies have mainly focused on institutions and IT systems: today, that focus is shifting and is now being placed on eHealth users. The people who are using eHealth are becoming increasingly involved in the discussion and being placed at the heart of eHealth policy-making.
For more information concerning the programme follow this link
As the prevalence of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety continues to increase, doctors have turned to mobile applications to assist with treating their patients.
The Andalusian Agency for Healthcare Quality is a pioneer in setting a regulation regarding the quality and the security of Healthcare apps
The mobile health or mHealth is changing the way health services are offered, promising a better life quality and a better security system for patients, offering new and more efficient means of work and improving the participation and the implication of citizenship.
Dr. Marom Bikson is a Cattell Professor of Biomedical Engineering at The City College of New York (CCNY) of the City University of New York (CUNY) and co-Director of the Neural Engineering Group at the New York Center for Biomedical Engineering. The translational R&D activity of his group spans pre-clinical studies, computational models, device design and fabrication, regulatory activities, and clinical trials.
Few people know the environment of mHealth and eHealth like Indu Subaiya, co-founder and CEO of Health 2.0. This organization has been arranging events and summits focused on this healthcare sector since 2007. In this issue, Indu shares her expertise with us, talking about the present and future of modern healthcare and its companies.
The Ecoffice project is the result of a research project aimed at erecting a passive and sustainable tertiary building, labelled BREEAM, at the same cost as standard offices
The Mexican government invests in various studies and programs in order to move the country towards sustainability.
In the context of Smart Building, energetic efficiency is always discussed and placed on the spotlight... but often referring to the electric grids or infrastructures installed. During the last decades, we have forgotten about another crucial energy element: the composition and capacities of the materials we use for the buildings themselves, and the possibility of reutilizing them.
Top Stories
The Business Federation of the Spanish Chemical Industry (FEIQUE) represents the Spanish chemical industry, a sector made up of more than 3,000 companies. What are the reasons behind FEIQUE's decision to be an 'institutional partner' of PharmaProcess?
Carlos Schneegluth, Managing Director of Clariant Ibérica
Eva Pellicer, awarded by the L'Óreal-Unesco for Women in Science program
Genecom Project
Dow Water & PS lowers Energy Costs in Desalination Treatment
The first Asian power dominates a biannual ranking of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers: not only with the world's fastest machine for the seventh consecutive time, but also with the largest number of computers among the Top 500.
A new list of the world's fastest supercomputers provides more evidence that the once-yawning technology gap between the Western world (including United States) and China is closing. Not only does China have the world's fastest machine for the seventh consecutive time, but it has also the largest number of computers among the top 500 —a first for any country other than the United States (Source: Top500). And there is more to know: for the first time, the world's fastest supercomputer uses Chinese-made microprocessor chips instead of chips from Silicon Valley's Intel.
Several American scientists compared what is going on now to the 1980s, when they worried that the nation was losing ground to Japanese supercomputers. Individual computing centers report descriptions and performance to them twice a year. Supercomputers are viewed in scientific circles as an indicator of national technology leadership, and they are vital for research in areas ranging from the development of new weapons and medicines, to the design of cars and consumer products. American computing experts and business executives have warned for years that leadership in supercomputing is vital to a range of national interests.
For the first time, the world's fastest supercomputer uses Chinese-made microprocessor chips instead of chips from Silicon Valley's Intel.
A ranking of the 500 most powerful commercially-available supercomputer systems shows that, for the first time, China has more of the systems than the United States. The list is compiled twice a year by Top500. This list is maintained by Dr. Dongarra and Erich Strohmaier, a physicist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
In the private sector, companies like Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Amazon invested billions of dollars in cloud-computing centers that don't focus as much on solving scientific problems. And last year, the United States blocked the sale of a number of advanced microprocessors to China over concerns they were being used in nuclear weapon development, which most likely accelerated the development of China's own technology.
The big leap forward
In 2001, there were no Chinese supercomputers on the Top500. Now, China has 167 systems on the list compared to 165 from the United States. China also leads a more obscure category —total processing power, or the combined computing speeds of all of its supercomputers on the list. The fastest machine, the Sunway TaihuLight System, was installed this year at the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, in China's Jiangsu province.
Despite those achievements, Intel still provided the chips for 91 percent of the machines on the list. And China is still catching up with the United States in state-of-the-art technologies, like software and the networking that links the thousands of chips in a modern supercomputer. But that could soon change. Officials at the Semiconductor Industry Association, a trade group, said the Chinese government has an ambitious $150 billion program to acquire as well as develop new technologies in various kinds of chips.
China 167
United States 165
Japan 29
Germany 26
France 18
Britain 12
India 9
Russia 7
South Korea 7
Poland 6
*54 Countries in the "other" category each possess five or less of the 500 most powerful computer systems.


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FartMaster is a simple, yet funny ass-like widget, that lets off one of over 20 different farts when touched.
Please rate 5 stars if you like it! ;)
To add FartMaster Widget to your homescreen, after you have installed it, long-click on your screen, select "Widgets", then select "FartMaster".
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Respond and Rescue Safety Training
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img src="http://www.ardorny.com/i.aspx?t=a&s=t2&r=1662293" / Ardor Web ID: 1662293 - This fantastic one bedroom is located in the heart of the West Village facing Abingdon Square Park. The apartment was recently renovated with hardwood floors, deco fireplace and new kitchen appliances. A few blocks from the subway station (A/C/E/L).
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Updating your computer is acute as it helps your computer to run as calmly as it can. The updates are patches to the accepted computer software programs, and they are there to advice advance and fix bugs, enhance appearance and to accord your computer bigger security. For example, both Macintosh and Windows operating systems are consistently accustomed updates by assorted manufactures. These updates can be calmly installed by the Software Amend that is on your operating system.
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Redux: NIdaho Friendly To Minorities
From DFO"s files (25 years ago):
The most likely Idahoan to have friendly feelings toward minorities is at least 56 years old, well-educated and living in the five North Idaho counties. That's the picture painted by a statewide poll gauging racial and religious tolerance. ... The results were distributed today by the Northwest Coalition Against Malicious Harassment and the Idaho Human Rights Commission. ... In releasing the report, coalition President Tony Stewart said it reconfirms his commitment to education's role in weeding out prejudice.
Question: Would you say today that North Idaho is the friendliest place in the state for minorities?
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Nick Zedd net worth: Nick Zedd is an American filmmaker, actor, and author who has a net worth of $10 million. Nick Zedd was born in Baltimore, Maryland in May 1958. He is responsible for coining the phrase "Cinema of Transgression" back in 1985 which describes a group of filmmakers and artists that use shock value and black humor. Zedd has directed many low budget films starting with They Eat Scum in 1979. He has also directed the films Geek Maggot Bingo or The Freak from Suckweasel Mountain, Totem of the Depraved, School of Shame, War is Menstrual Envy, and Screen Test 98. From 2005 to 2008 he directed the television series The Adventures of Electra Elf. Zedd has also starred in the films Shadows in the City, What About Me, No Age, New York, Multiple Futures, Joe's Apartment, Thus Spake Zarathustra, Other People's Mirrors, and The Killing Games. From 1984 to 1990 he edited and wrote the Underground Film Bulletin.
Nick Zedd Net Worth
Nick Zedd
Date of Birth
Jan 25, 1958 (59 years old)
Screenwriter, Film Director, Actor, Film Producer, Cinematographer, Film Editor, Television Director, Author, Writer
United States of America
5 ft 10 in (1.8 m)
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All net worths are calculated by applying a proprietary algorithm. The results are then fact checked and confirmed by a team of editors. We scan all publicly available data and resources and work diligently to ensure that our numbers are the most accurate and up to date net worth data you will find anywhere on the internet.


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Milan Vice-President Adriano Galliani has hinted that the club could make more signings before the January transfer window closes.
Ajax full-back Urby Emanuelson joined at the weekend and his name might not be the last added to Milan's squad this winter.
"Well, we'll see, we'll see," Galliani told the Milan Channel.
"There is still a week left. We won't throw it away."
Reflecting on last night's 2-0 victory over Cesena, he said: "We suffered until the last despite having created 10 goal scoring chances, but if we think about it we won with a midfield composed of Ambrosini, Merkel and Thiago Silva who reminded me of Marcel Desailly.
"The only flaw of the evening is the injury to Alessandro Nesta. He'll be out for two or three weeks and in this period it means he'll miss six or seven games.
"However, seeing the results of some of our rivals, it's a great victory."
Keep up to date with the latest news and action from Spain's Primera Division with Football Espana - from the team behind Football Italia.


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I need a highly capable person to create a website from scratch. Although i have very clear the parts, sections and the content the website must have, i am open for little changes and opinions.
The programmer must be able to create a tool to create guides for a game called League of Legends, like the tools used in [url removed, login to view] or [url removed, login to view] to create and craft guides.
That is 70% and the most important part of the web, so i recommend you to check that before reading the rest. As you can see in the guides, you must be also to emulate the part where objects and items display an information menu when the mouse moves over them, and equally important be able to add new items, information as for updatign that information. All must support multilingual options in order to add different languages for the web in the future.
The rest of the project will be explained upon selecting a candidate to develop and create the web. But will have normal sections like NEWS, FORUMS, VIDEOS ETC.
In your cover letter i must find:
-Time to create the guides tool. APROX
-Time to create the rest of the website, APROX.
-Previous experience in this kind of programming and examples of the work if you have.
IMPORTANT: In order to avoid possible problems, i will NOT DEAL, with people from INDIA, CHINA ETC Rest of ASIA. Only European people or NA.
Skills Required
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Skip to comments.The Final Insult (Stonehenge)
Posted on 03/05/2008 7:08:40 PM PST by blamEdited on 03/06/2008 6:57:48 AM PST by Admin Moderator. [history]
The final insult
It is our greatest monument, on a par with the pyramids. But soon it will be plagued by Tesco juggernauts. Why don't we care about Stonehenge? Jonathan Jones finds out
Interactive guide to Stonehenge
Wednesday March 5, 2008
The Guardian (UK)
The winter light is kind to the stones. Its mild greyness reveals the beauty of the blue lichen that has grown for thousands of years over their surfaces and even, from the right point on the path, lets you see the sinister shape of a bronze-age dagger carved into bleak rock. I'd love to be able to say it's an encounter that leads me far from the modern world into eerie reveries - but that would be a lie.
In the misty, rainy morning, pairs of bright white lights keep appearing on the near horizon, and across the grass there is the unholy spectacle of a continuous flow of cars and trucks on the A303. Amazingly, this crowded road is soon going to get worse. In February, it was revealed that Tesco plans to build a gigantic warehouse near Andover, from which it is estimated a Tesco juggernaut will emerge every minute - many of them on to the A303. The Tesco "MegaShed" is just the final, farcical insult after the terrible news that hit Stonehenge three months ago. Just before Christmas, after nearly two decades of ambitious planning to rescue this landscape from traffic, came a brutal government press release: Tom Harris, under-secretary of state for transport, declared that plans to enclose the A303 in a tunnel under Salisbury Plain "would not represent best use of taxpayers' money".
GGG Ping.
Didn't some American family, on vacation, knock these stones to the ground a few years back?
I never understood the fascination with stonehenge. It's just what's left over of a fort after the small stones were swiped to build hearths in peasant huts.
You can see here just how close the roads pass by Stonehenge, you have to wonder about who decided to build them there.
For a minute there, I thought they were putting a McDonalds in the middle of it.
To Post #6!
The first time we visited Stonehenge it was just a box to check off on the living in England list. It was far more impressive than I expected. For a good perspective on this region I would suggest a book called "Sarum" by Rutherford. BTW I love Tesco too.
I'd pay to see Banksy to tag Stonehenge.
And the food concession at stonehenge is god awful, even by working class British cuisine standards. A nearby Tesco could only improve things.
uuhhh - been there, seen that. Not sure, but don't think so.
Then again...my Dad was a naval officer and an astronomer. He and my mother visited Stonehenge before it was fenced off, and he spent hours computing the solar progressions and seeing how it worked.
Thanks Blam.
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I'd build a Wal-Mart around it....
Any State Highway Department here would do the same. Stonehenge has gotten off lightly; if it were a Civil War battlefield, the road would go smack through the center.
If Stonehenge were in Northern Virginia, it would have been bulldozed years ago to make room for townhouses or a strip mall. A stone or two might have been left as a gateway ornament to Stonehenge Commons.
That's not at all what Stonehenge was...wow.
where did you hear that?
Really? Prove it.
The voices in my head told me.
Didn't Clark Griswold back into it and knock it down in European Vacation?
Neat, thanks.
Sounds interesting. I've been to America's Stonehenge and done the same thing, but I've never been to the real one.
You also have that row of Cadilacs buried nose down there in Texas.
Why don't you prove what you said?
There's no evidence at all that Stonehenge was a fort. We might as well go ahead and prove that it wasn't a 2000BC KFC.
Theres no evidence at all that Stonehenge was a fort. We might as well go ahead and prove that it wasnt a 2000BC KFC.
Silly you. There was no Kentucky back then.
It was the first Arthur Treachers Fish 'n' Chips.
Oh for crying out loud. Use a little common sense.
First of all, those large stones of stonehenge are obviously doorways and or windows. This is the way they made doorways back then when buildings were constructed of primitive dry masonry.
So stonehenge is a building. Not a supernatural calender or some druid mumbo jumbo nonsense with majical powers.
Over the centuries, all the small stones have been stolen. Some of the large stones are gone as well.
Now, all that remains of the mystery is WHAT KIND OF BUILDING is it? Hint: it's a very important building, or no one would have gone to the trouble of building it. It has to do with life and death...the most important of all subjects. THat leaves you with two possibilities...military, or religion.
Narrow windows that are not wide enough for a person to fit through are typical of a fortress for archers to shoot arrows through. Narrow doorways are good places to fight off enemies that outnumber you in hand to hand combat.
It's a military building...a fort.
You are funny.
"And noone knew who dey were or what dey were doin"
Now, unless you have "proof" to support your specious claims...
Stop wasting my time and go read a history book. Slim
I just outlined gobs of proof. As for wasting your time, well, you're wasting your own time. I'm not forcing you to type out that post...GENIUS.
Of course, I've never heard any modern archeologist claim that Stonehenge was a fort, but you're smarter than they are, right?
Compelling me to correct your ignorance IS in fact forcing me to waste my time. Did you find that history book yet?
A "scientific" study isn't proof of anything except that some quack got a grant. If you want to narrow down the definition of "proof", the fact is there is no proving stonehenge is anything but a pile of rocks.
Astronomical alignments...LOL, I love that phrase! What a joke. Do you do horoscopes too?
Oh, and I said "astronomical," not "astrological." If you don't know the difference then you have no business arguing with me...It's like bringing a rubber band to a gun fight...
[/feeling sorry for you]
On par with the pyramids? LOL!
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