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The UMMS Center for Translational Research on Human Immunology and Biodefense (CTRHIB) is a broad-based interdepartmental program to address, as its overall scientific theme, the role of T lymphocytes n the immunopathogenesis of and protection from category A-C viral pathogens in humans. The CTRHIB is a collaborative effort of senior and junior investigators with expertise in human immunology and research on biodefense pathogens, including translation to clinical studies. The UMMS CTRHIB includes 4 Research Projects, a Technology Development Project (TOP), and 5 Cores: Project 1 will analyze human CD4 and CDS T-cell responses to influenza virus vaccine and natural infection and define the characteristics associated with optimal vaccine-induced immune responses. Project 2 will analyze the interactions between innate and adaptive immune responses to virus infection and their effects on endothelial cell function, with a focus on the plasma leakage associated with viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by flaviviruses and hantaviruses. Project 3 will analyze heterologous immunity in flavivirus infections, defining the effects of amino acid variations on cross-reactive T-cell responses in sequential flavivirus infections. Project 4 will analyze the mechanisms underlying the selection of immunodominant epitopes from large DMA viruses, including poxviruses and herpesviruses (HHV-6). The Technology Development Project (TOP) will develop novel methods and tools for epitope discovery, characterization of virus-specific T cells, and high-throughput expansion and detection of virus-specific T cells to facilitate broad application of assays of cellular immunity. Core facilities will provide program administration/educational outreach, pilot projects funding, and centralized services for clinical studies (subject recruitment and characterization), flow cytometry, and production of MHC proteins for use by the research projects and TOP. The CTRHIB addresses important NIAID research priorities related to biodefense pathogens as well as career development for junior investigators. Organizing these activities in a single research Center facilitates cross-departmental and cross-disciplinary interactions, which will be assessed by periodic independent review.
The UMMS Center for Translational Research in Human Immunology and Biodefense will address key NIAID research priorities through research on human T-cell responses to category A-C viruses (influenza, flaviviruses, hantaviruses, poxviruses, and herpesviruses) and development of new tools for analysis of human virus-specific T cells. The Center provides centralized services and coordination for the research. PROJECT 1: Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells Responses to Influenza Infection and Vaccination (TERAJIMA, M) PROJECT 1 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this project is to define the human T-cell responses to influenza infection and to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) in younger and older adults. We hypothesize that (1) human T-cell responses in younger adults will be greater than those in older adults to vaccination and to infection, (2) human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses will be lower to vaccine than to infection and (3) the TlV-induced T-cell responses will correlate with the amount of internal proteins in the individual licensed vaccines. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) is a target of protective neutralizing antibodies, which are subtypespecific and vulnerable to antigenic drift. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses are thought to be more subtype cross-reactive. It is clear from studies in mouse models of influenza A virus infections that T cells can provide a second important line of defense, especially in the face of marked antigenic drift or shift due to emergence of viruses with changes in HA antibody combining sites, and there are also limited clinical studies which suggest the importance of T cells for protection, especially in a high-risk elderly population. There is, however, only a limited amount of data available on human T-cell responses to influenza infection or vaccination. Importantly there appears to be more subtype cross-reactivity among influenza A virus T cell epitopes than to the antibody epitopes on HA. At present limited data suggest that current TIVs induce low to moderate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. However, we found some individuals with high T-cell responses to TIV. Recently, we and the other group also found the amount of influenza internal proteins in the TIVs differs. Despite the recommendation and use of about 100 million vaccine doses per year in the US alone, very little is known about TIVs induction of T-cell responses and nothing is known about their contribution to vaccine associated protection.
In Aim 1 we propose to analyze CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to TIV vaccination in younger and older adults. In these studies, we will also compare the three US-licensed TIVs for their ability to stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses and for protection (in older adults).
In Aim 2 we propose to characterize CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to natural influenza infections in younger and older adults and compare them to the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses induced by TIV. These analyses may lead to approaches towards improved influenza vaccines, which can protect against new and emerging influenza virus infections including H5N1 and other non-human strains.
For efficient protection against influenza A virus infection, influenza vaccines need to induce cellular immune responses as well as neutralizing antibody responses, especially in older adults. Despite the recommendation and use of about 100 million vaccine doses per year in the US alone, very little is known about cellular immune responses induced by the vaccines and nothing is known about their contribution to protection, which we propose to study in younger and older adults to help design better influenza vaccines.
|Canetta, Sarah E; Bao, Yuanyuan; Co, Mary Dawn T et al. (2014) Serological documentation of maternal influenza exposure and bipolar disorder in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry 171:557-63
|Thompson, Mikayla R; Sharma, Shruti; Atianand, Maninjay et al. (2014) Interferon ?-inducible protein (IFI) 16 transcriptionally regulates type i interferons and other interferon-stimulated genes and controls the interferon response to both DNA and RNA viruses. J Biol Chem 289:23568-81
|Mathew, Anuja; Townsley, Elizabeth; Ennis, Francis A (2014) Elucidating the role of T cells in protection against and pathogenesis of dengue virus infections. Future Microbiol 9:411-25
|Yin, Liusong; Trenh, Peter; Guce, Abigail et al. (2014) Susceptibility to HLA-DM protein is determined by a dynamic conformation of major histocompatibility complex class II molecule bound with peptide. J Biol Chem 289:23449-64
|Parra, Miguel; Herrera, Daniel; Calvo-Calle, J Mauricio et al. (2014) Circulating human rotavirus specific CD4 T cells identified with a class II tetramer express the intestinal homing receptors ?4?7 and CCR9. Virology 452-453:191-201
|Yin, Liusong; Stern, Lawrence J (2014) A novel method to measure HLA-DM-susceptibility of peptides bound to MHC class II molecules based on peptide binding competition assay and differential IC(50) determination. J Immunol Methods 406:21-33
|Schmidt, Madelyn R; McGinnes-Cullen, Lori W; Kenward, Sarah A et al. (2014) Modification of the respiratory syncytial virus f protein in virus-like particles impacts generation of B cell memory. J Virol 88:10165-76
|Terajima, Masanori; Co, Mary Dawn T; Ennis, Francis A (2014) Age and different influenza viruses. Lancet Infect Dis 14:101
|Outinen, T K; Mäkelä, S; Huttunen, R et al. (2014) Urine soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor levels correlate with proteinuria in Puumala hantavirus infection. J Intern Med 276:387-95
|Co, Mary Dawn T; Terajima, Masanori; Thomas, Stephen J et al. (2014) Relationship of preexisting influenza hemagglutination inhibition, complement-dependent lytic, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibodies to the development of clinical illness in a prospective study of A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza in children. Viral Immunol 27:375-82
Showing the most recent 10 out of 78 publications


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Welcome to The New ESU. Please bear with us as we upgrade the website.
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East Stroudsburg Normal School opened its doors on September 4, 1893. Today, ESU is a comprehensive university in northeastern Pennsylvania offering 55 undergraduate and 22 graduate degrees and is one of the 14 institutions in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education.
The ESU Office of Admissions staff reviews all accepted students for scholarship opportunities. In order to be considered for an admission scholarship students must meet the following criteria:
A student will receive a letter from the Office of Admissions if a scholarship has been offered to him/her.
New incoming Freshman students should contact the Office of Admissions with questions regarding scholarship opportunities.
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subset: commoncrawl


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40 Attending
43 comments
Mon, 13 Feb 2017
1 comment
The Australian group will play a few gigs in Nevada and California in between Coachella weekends. The list of dates is here on RA.
Thu, 27 Oct 2016
43 comments
This clip for the Wildflower song was shot in New York and directed by Greg Brunkalla.
Mon, 29 Aug 2016
2 comments
The Aussie collective present an eclectic selection on the BBC Radio 1 show featuring Nina Simone, Nancy Dupree, Sun Ra, Yoko Ono, and more.
Tue, 23 Aug 2016
French illustrators Mrzyk & Moriceau take a trip on the New York City subway system for this clip for the song from the Wildflower album.
Thu, 18 Aug 2016
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Pat Shannahan has spent more than 20 years tracking down samples for the Beastie Boys, Janet Jackson, Beck and more.
Thu, 14 Jul 2016
The Guardian speaks with the group's Robbie Chater and Tony Di Blasi about what they've been up in the 16 years since the release of Since I Left You.
Wed, 6 Jul 2016
Check out a wild 13-minute audio-visual mixtape featuring a mashup of classic cinema and cuts from the group's new album.
Mon, 6 Jun 2016
They performed the new track "Subway" from their forthcoming album.
Wed, 8 Jun 2011
6 comments
After last month's claim that the band's new album was in the pipeline, Mess & Noise now reports that Avalanches have four albums' worth of unmixed material sitting on a Mac that's over ten years old.
Fri, 11 Jun 2010
3 comments
The Guardian brings us the news that the secretive Aussie collective may be nearing completion on a sophomore LP 10 years after releasing their critical and commercial smash, Since I Left You.
Wed, 26 Oct 2016
Fans can vote on what colour the limited edition version will be.
Mon, 19 Sep 2016
The Australian group have locked in January dates for Melbourne, Sydney and Adelaide.
Wed, 15 Jun 2016
Squarepusher, James Blake and SOPHIE are also on the bill for the Japanese festival's 20th anniversary in July.
Wed, 1 Jun 2016
'Frankie Sinatra,' featuring Danny Brown and MF Doom, comes ahead of the group's new 21-track LP.
Fri, 27 May 2016
The Australian group has unveiled a hotline number that plays a loop of a new song called "Subways."
Mon, 23 May 2016
A trailer featuring Jennifer Herrema, Danny Brown and Ariel Pink has shown up on the web.
Tue, 12 Apr 2016
9 comments
The Australian outfit will play in Spain, the UK and Australia in June and July.
Tue, 29 Jul 2014
The Detroit legend will perform with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra this October.


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Home > Larkin Love
About Larkin LoveOffline
Status: "I'll be doing a Q&A session on Reddit on 3/8/13 at 3pm PST. More info here - http://bit.ly/14q77Bb"
Views: 339551
Last online: 2013-10-30
Sex: Female
Age: 26
Height: 5'5
Sign: Scorpio
Location: Los Angeles, CA
Occupation: Lover
Ink/Metal: If you look at me with a magnifying glass, you'll see that I'm just one giant lifesize tattoo of myself on myself.
Scars/Birthmarks: Many
Music: synthpop, electroclash, trip-hop, trance, house, glam rock, punk, and the soothing sounds of whales fucking
TV: I tend to enjoy anything Adult Swim would show. HUGE fan of cartoons.
Movies: The Fifth Element, Event Horizon, Alien (1-4), Blade, The Godfather, SLC Punk, Barbarella, Hot Tub Time Machine
Video Games: Portal, Sonic 2, Sonic 3, Sonic and Knuckles, Dance Dance Revolution
Food: Dead animals, preferably raw. Sushi. Steak. Caviar. Broccoli. Cherries.
Hobbies: Writing, reading, consuming media. I also love to cook and am excellent at it.
Books: Pretty much anything by Kurt Vonnegut jr., T.C. Boyle, or Chuck P.
Best Time: Friday the 13th, full moon, in a graveyard, being nailed from behind while leaning over a crumbling tombstone.
Favorite Position: Missionary. Hands down, it's the easiest way to make me cum.
Masturbation Material: Hentai, by and large.
I Have A Crush On: Joanna Angel (shhh, don't tell her!) and Bailey Jay
Drink: Gin martinis, vodka and soda, good scotch
Smoke: marlboro menthol light 100's (when I drink), and the occasional doobie
Bad Habits: I'm a picker. I pick blemishes, scabs, ingrown hairs, splinters, you name it. Not just my own. I'll try to come after yours, too.
Where I Hang Out: Home. Goth clubs. Seedy little bars.
Favorite Burning Angel: Pretty sure I love all of them.
Why I Am A Burning Angel: It all comes down to my immense fuckability.
Latest videos with Larkin Love
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Rating: 94 Views: 5779 Length: 00:25:55 Date added: 2015-10-10
Rating: 60 Views: 1463 Length: 00:09:19 Date added: 2015-10-06
Rating: 85 Views: 6679 Length: 00:29:20 Date added: 2015-07-25
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32 comments
to comment
Gotta say,l love the Elvira shoot. When I was kid that's who I was going to marry lol
2014-04-24 15:51
You definitely one of the most entertaining stars to watch. Love the "Elivira" pics!
2013-11-01 12:02
I have a girl crush on you :)
2013-04-16 20:30
Holy fuck girl, you inspire me!
2013-04-08 23:05
Larkin you have the most fantastic boobs, and I love your blue Mohawk... Stunning!!
2013-03-05 18:27
Please leave a mark....bite!!!
2013-01-14 22:55
what part of dallas you from?
2012-12-05 18:00


text:
Understanding Crime Statistics
Revisiting the Divergence of the NCVS and the UCR
Edited by James P. Lynch Lynn A. Addington
Series edited by Alfred Blumstein
Format: Hardback
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Availability: Available to Backorder, No Due Date for Supply
Understanding Crime Statistics by James P. Lynch
Book DescriptionIn Understanding Crime Statistics, Lynch and Addington draw on the work of leading experts on U.S. crime statistics to provide much-needed research on appropriate use of this data. Specifically, the contributors explore the issues surrounding divergence in the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), which have been the two major indicators of the level and of the change in level of crime in the United States for the past 30 years. This book examines recent changes in the UCR and the NCVS and assesses the effect these have had on divergence. By focusing on divergence, the authors encourage readers to think about how these data systems filter the reality of crime. Understanding Crime Statistics builds on this discussion of divergence to explain how the two data systems can be used as they were intended - in complementary rather than competitive ways.
Buy Understanding Crime Statistics book by James P. Lynch from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780521862042
(228mm x 152mm x 27mm)
Pages: 356
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publish Date: 4-Dec-2006
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author James P. Lynch
Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security, Hardback (February 2011)
This volume presents 19 original essays addressing issues surrounding terrorism from the unique perspective of criminology.
Understanding Crime Statistics, Paperback (December 2006)» View all books by James P. Lynch
This book examines recent changes in the UCR and the NCVS and assesses the effect of divergence.
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Author Biography - James P. Lynch
James P. Lynch is co-author (with Albert D. Biderman) of Understanding Crime Incidence Statistics: Why the UCR Diverges from the NCS and (with Rita J. Simon) of Immigration the World Over: Statutes, Policies and Practices. He has published in many journals including Criminology, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, and Justice Quarterly. Lynn A. Addington's recent work has appeared in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology and Homicide Studies and has been supported by grants from the American Education Research Association (National Center for Education Statistics - National Science Foundation), the American Statistical Association, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, and the National Institute of Justice.
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Added On: 2014-07-31 02:51:01 • Views: 347 • Duration: 06:31
Categories: Lactating
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Our site has a zero-tolerance policy against illegal pornography.
All galleries and links are provided by 3rd parties. We have no control over the content of these pages.
We take no responsibility for the content on any website which we link to. Copyright 2014


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Trinity has separate email systems for students and employees. Please identify yourself.
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Remember my choice on this computer.
Prospective high school juniors and seniors are invited to immerse themselves in our campus environment.
For students accepted for fall 2017 semester: Engage with faculty and students, learn more about the Trinity experience.
Prospective transfer students are invited to immerse themselves in our campus environment.
Author of the book, "Dead Man Walking," which was made into a movie starring Sean Penn and Susan Sarandon.
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The new Payden Academic Center offers Trinity students state-of-the-art science and nursing labs, light-filled classrooms for all disciplines and great study spaces. This new center of learning ensures Trinity's academic excellence, climate for collaboration, research and innovation, and ability to grow and keep pace with scientific and technological advances. The Payden Academic Center is Trinity's first LEED certified building and is fully accessible. Learn more.
The Trinity Center for Women and Girls in Sports provides all Trinity students, faculty and staff a free membership to its outstanding recreational facilities, including a pool, basketball arena, fitness center, walking track, tennis courts and soccer field. The Trinity Center can be your home for fitness: We offer affordable memberships for individuals and families in the community. The Trinity Center offers facility rentals for organized sports and special events, including career fairs, award ceremonies and corporate meetings. Learn more.


text:
100% organic cold pressed oil. An exotic addition to Viridian's extensive essential fatty acid range. Known as the Blessed Seed, black cumin seed has numerous benefits and is popular in the Middle and Far East. With an aroma similar to eucalyptus or tea tree, it can be taken internally or used as a head or chest rub.
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Here to meet the health care needs of your family. FirstHealth practices are happy to accept new patients as well as physician referrals. For more information, click here.


text:
[Date Index] [Thread Index] [Author Index]
Hi, Can anyone please tell me how to create a direction field (slope field) using Mathematica. Is there a way? I would think there is for it is a well known software. Please help me. I really need to know. Please help! Thank you Tom


text:
Carol's Daughter
Carol's Daughter Monoi Repairing Anti Breakage Spray
- Overview
- Ingredients
- Features
- Ends shedding
- Eases detangling
- Protects hair
- Made with strengthening Monoi Oil—a nutrient-rich blend of vitamins and minerals
- Shake well before use
- About the brand
Did you know that your hair breaks more when it's wet and that less breakage means stronger, longer hair? So stop snapping and start growing with this fortifying leave-in conditioner, made with strengthening Monoi Oil—a nutrient-rich blend of vitamins and minerals. When shaken, they blend to create the perfect balance to end shedding, ease detangling, and protect around-the-clock. Finally, you can keep hair on your head, and out of your brush.
Water (Aqua), Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclohexasiloxane, Isododecane, Pentylene Glycol, Agave Americana Leaf Extract, Butylene Glycol, C11-15 Pareth – 7, C12–16 Pareth – 9, Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Fruit Juice, Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Extract, Dicetyldimomium Chloride, Disodium EDTA, Gardenia Tahitensis Flower Extract, Glycerin, Hydrolyzed Protein, Hydrolyzed Wheat Starch, Lactic Acid, Methyl Gluceth-20, Panthenol, PEG-8 Dimethicone, Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract, Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract, Trideceth-12, Trimethylsiloxyamodimethicone, Methylisothiazolinone, Potassium Sorbate, Fragrance (Parfum)
Carol's Daughter specializes in premium hair care collections that are made with rare, natural ingredients—from super-repairing Monoi Oil to the purist form of frizz-fighting Cupuaçu Butter and more. All products are naturally-derived and sulfate-free, and free of parabens, petroleum, mineral oil and artificial colors.


text:
Dec 09, 2009, 12.14 PM | Source: CNBC-TV18
Global IT spending would be ahead of the economic recovery. That's the view from the industry body NASSCOM that expects China to be both a great opportunity and a threat for Indian technology companies.
Like this story, share it with millions of investors on M3
How serious is China threat for the Indian IT sector?
Global IT spending would be ahead of the economic recovery. That's the view from the industry body NASSCOM that expects China to be both a great opportunity and a threat for Indian technology companies.
Som Mittal (more)
President, NASSCOM |
In an interview with CNBC-TV18, Som Mittal, President of NASSCOM spoke about the how serious is the China threat.
Below is a verbatim transcript of the interview. Also watch the video.
Q: We have seen a lot of IT companies, which are upping the work that they do in china, whether it�s servicing or any other � do you see it picking up further?
A: China is an important country for three reasons. One is many companies are going to China to service the North Asian markets. There is a natural affinity for servicing Korea and Japanese and hence companies are in Dalian and in other places too.
The second thing is that many of our global customers are setting up operations in China and hence to service them we have enough domain expertise about them that it becomes important for us to service them when they go to China. The third is that the China Market itself is growing at fabulous rate. That offers a market opportunity.
So just like we have gone to the other countries, China itself is a destination country for us.
Q: Wipro says that they see China as an off shoring market very similar to India, though smaller in numbers. Do you see China becoming an important threat going forward?
A: Currently, as compared to our USD 50 billion exports that we do, I believe China export market is about USD 2 billion and their natural affinity and advantages in North Asia where they have advantages of both language and culture. But I am sure their aspirations are to become an off shoring destination like India.
However, Indian companies will have to continue to reinvent themselves to be ahead and I think that is what their aim is. The maturity levels of Indian service providers are notches higher. While China will catch up, I am sure India would move up the value chain to be able to offer higher value services.
Q: We see a lot of companies whether it�s Wipro or Infosys ramping up the number of people they have in the US. Do you see that as a direct reaction to what has been happening on the visa front and do you see the trend continuing?
A: Indian companies are increasing their presence globally anywhere. Today its 7.5% of our population is foreign workforce. As we go up the value chain, it�s very important for us to have local presence, be able to have local culture in the organisations and also to be offering a beachheads that we could create there. But more importantly, we need domain expertise.
In the past, it was very difficult for us to hire local citizens because they have choices. As you know that across the world there is scarcity of technical resources. But now that the jobs are less, there are not enough people to take them, I think this offers an opportunity for Indian companies to be able to hire.
They had announced their center�s much earlier. So Infosys, TCS and Wipro had announced their local centers almost two years back and now they are strapping up the recruitment there.
Q: Let us talk about the recovery. We have been seeing that reflected in the quarterly numbers for most major IT companies but are we really out of the woods? What is your assessment in terms of clients spending at this point in time?
A: The worst of the downturn seems to be over. That shows in terms of the trends that are going on. We have met also very large number of customers and the dialogues have changed from cost reduction etc, to how they can transform their companies, how can they get cost efficiencies downstream and how can they introduce new business models.
In all this IT would be required and hence IT spending would be coming in. I would believe that the IT spending will be ahead of the economic recovery because economic recovery would be because of the three changes that I said would happen. However, we still think that the transactions volumes are yet to go up. But the fact that we as an industry are now penetrating new markets, new verticals and also new customer segment will keep our growth rates going.
Q: We are also hearing of many US companies moving their offshoring business that was being done in India back to US. What is your own reading of these trends?
A: It is marginal if at all. The fact that we still have 4-7% growth rate here inspite of the downturn, would indicate that any such instance that you might have found is probably anecdotal and it is not a trend. I do not think very much is moving back because we are so embedded into the system.
There have been only one or two instances where people had surplus employees on their rolls and based on the Union activity etc they found it better to have them deployed but I do not see any trend of work moving back into US or any part of the other countries.
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text:
Final Progress Report by Expected Outcomes
(January- December 2014
em[POWER] Project Bangladesh:
Action Research for Poverty Alleviation of the Waste Pickers through Transforming Wastes into Resources in Bangladesh
Immediate Outcomes of the Project and Achievement
Expected Outcome
i. 1 anaerobic digester i.e. waste-to-energy plant established and operated for capturing methane gas, using the gas for power generation to support with energy the school, daycare centre and other social initiatives of GUC;
One anaerobic digester has been constructed but operation was stopped for redesigning. We received a design from em[Power] and we will further develop the digester following em[power]'s direction.
ii. Required volume of organic waste procured through collection of source separated wastes for anaerobic digester.
Currently anaerobic digester's operations has been stopped due to fund discontinuation.
iii. 5 Environmental Clubs facilitated to form to organize 20 meetings at 20 local schools/community on separation of waste at household level, environment promotion and mitigating climate change effects and
10 Meetings have been conducted. We communicated with the students/ community people.
v. 10 Meetings organized with 5 entrepreneurs of 5 eco-enterprises and its 10 workers engaged in household waste collection & disposal to help change behavior of the household members in separating waste at the source (household)
5 Meetings has been conducted and we discussed about the ways of communicating the local households to promote collection of segregated wastes (organic and inorganic).
vi. A network of eco-enterprises (household level waste collection organizations) formed
A network of 20 eco-enterprises (household level waste collection organizations) formed and 2 meetings conducted.
vii. 5000 leaflet distributed for education campaign for separation of waste at the source (household, shop, industry etc.) for 5000 households organized
Could not be done because of fund constraint
viii. 1000 poster posted on common places, schools, restaurants on separation of waste at household level
Could not be done because of fund constraint
ix. 1 composting sites established and business of organic fertilizer promoted by the waste pickers' cooperatives
It has been done and we used this compost for our nursery and for tree plantation.
Expected Outcome
x. 1 plant nursery established using compost fertilizer
1 nursery has been established and 400 samplings in tubs were sold by the waste pickers' cooperative to the open market.
xi. A business of plants in tubs using compost promoted by the waste pickers' cooperative
The business group i.e. cooperative has been formed and they have sold 469 samplings in tub.
xii. Emission of Green House Gases (GHGs) reduced through reduce, reuse and recycle of wastes
We have used 11 tons of kitchen waste. Thus we could save 5.5 tons of Green House Gases (GHGs). (Estimation by Ref: Public-Private-Community partnership for the 3Rs partnership for the 3Rs promotion in Bangladesh by A. H. Md. Maqsood Sinha, Waste Concern, Bangladesh)
xiii. 1 cooperative for composting and recycling business formed by the waste pickers
A cooperative has formed and recycling business is ongoing at sorting facilities.
xiv. 1 recycling centers established and recycling business promoted by the waste pickers' cooperative
A recycling centre established and business of waste pickers is in operation.
xv. 25 waste pickers utilized the sorting facilities for improving their efficiency and promoting earnings;
The facilities is being utilized. Waste pickers are so happy and grateful to em[POWER].
xvi. 1 small industry established for social business i.e. for producing recycled paper through paper recycling
Could not be done because of funding constraint, though a person was recruited and assigned.
xvii. Marketing of recycled paper made by recycled paper by waste pickers' cooperative
Could not be done because of funding constraint
xviii. 1 advocacy workshop with the Dhaka City Corporation, Directorate of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Bangladesh Bank on "National 3R Strategy and transformation of organic wastes into gas and compost fertilizer" to facilitate in establishing and operating the anaerobic digester.
Could not be done because of funding constraint
Em[POWER] Energy Group Bangladesh
Travel Report 11.02.14
Em[POWER] Energy Group's site in Bangladesh is located on the outskirts of Matuail Landfill in Dhaka. It is the largest landfill in this country and measures to be 100 acres. I sat down with Director, Maksud A.K.M. and, Project Manager, Reza Khan from the Grambangla Unnayan Committee who run em[POWER] Energy Group's project at this site. Maksud also has projects including the Grambangla Nursery and the Grambangla School for the children of informal recyclers, a campaign to provide informal recyclers with better tools and knowledge about safety and health, an environmental section run by informal recyclers and a woman's waste picking co-op.
There are 2000 informal recyclers at Matuail Landfill and 75% of them are women. There are always 400-500 informal recyclers in the landfill. This means that a informal recycler will work a 12 hour shift while a family member rests, and then the 'rester' replaces the worker, and the cycle continues, so most families have someone working in the landfill at all times. There are times when people need a few days off to rest because the working conditions are very harsh. One waste picker can make 150-200 taka ($1.89-$2.52) in one day alone. If the family has a shanty next to the landfill, then they are required to pay 50 Taka a day for rent to keep their space.
When I first looked into the landfill, it was hard to imagine what could possibly be valuable enough there for thousands of people to become so reliant on it. A closer look at the piles they extract from the trash, revealed pieces of plastic, bones, and rubber soles. It's not much but it proves how resourceful these people have become to survive. What comes into this landfill appears to be mere scraps because there are about 2000 small depositories throughout the city and trash is collected in different regions and dumped into these large sized dumpsters. Often, people have already picked the more valuable items out of these containers before they are brought to the landfill. This makes a majority of the Matuail Landfill organic waste. I remember the landfill was very mushy and the methane was so strong that it stung my eyes.
The Grambangla Nursery has 2 staff members caring for 30 children ages 2-5. There are about 100 more children in need of care but the budget can only provide for those 30. At the Grambangla School there are 3 teachers and 80-110 students ages 6-12 years in grades 1-3. This number changes due to graduates, the number coming in, and dropouts. Sometimes children realize they are able to sell trash for candy and this has been a cause of diversion away from the school. When students graduate there is an intervention to encourage them to find life beyond the landfill and it's perimeters. The woman's co-op exists because it is known that these woman are going to be working out of the landfill anyway. The co-op provides more organization and tools to contribute to health and safety. They are also fed, as are their children in either the daycare or school. Em[POWER] Energy Group partly funds and oversees these projects, and they support the environmental sector that is still in development.
Currently, composting of organic waste is used to pot plants. The plants are sold at a market to help support the project. This part of the Environmental sector seems to be successful.
There is a blue composting barrel but it is still a work in progress. It is not producing the rich compost that it was expected to do because of the air to soil ratio. This project has been put aside for the moment and composting is better held in the direct ground.
A wastewater into Biogas tank was installed but that project is on hold until it can be taught how to use it in order to create propane. Money was used to set it up but there was no training on how to use it.
For the recycling center, the old center was built and then abandoned due to an increase in rent. Now a new recycling area is being created closer to the rest of the other environmental projects. This area is still being made and there are no signs of sorting occurring here yet.
Em[POWER] Energy Group works in 3 phases.
1. Creating partnerships.
2. Assessing the needs of the local people and how they can be helped with Environmental, Educational and Healthcare Programs.
3. Conducting Environmental projects to make the local people become self-sustaining.
Em[POWER] Bangladesh is in Phase 3 with building and executing plans. However, during this phase, projects are still working to become successful. A site audit and report is necessary to understand the projects direction.
The Environmental part of this project has been set up, but is currently either lacking or stagnate. Further attention is needed in this department in order for Phase 3 to sustain itself. Funding was used to create this initial module, but in order for it to continue there would need to be more funding and direction for the areas that are not working.
As a whole, Phase 1 and 2 are holding together. Phase 3 has a baseline, but it's foundation appears to be in a more elementary state. Where this project is taken next from this stage is what needs to be determined next.
Em[POWER] Energy Group Project Bangladesh - 2014 Progress Report in partnership with GUC
Background of the Project
Waste pickers, an informal group of people engaged in searching, sorting, processing and selling of municipal wastes for their livelihood. Scavenging is a free occupation and way of self-employment of the poor children, women and men from the poorest section of urban population in Bangladesh. Almost all the waste pickers have come from rural areas because of poverty, injustice and disaster driven push migration. Currently around 400,000 people live on scavenging in Bangladesh.[1] As the beneficial friends of urban environment now these waste pickers are the main contributor in reducing waste and promoting recycling. Business of waste collection, segregation, cleaning and recycling requires lots of efforts by the waste pickers and all these tasks are done at the cost of huge human sufferings and risks of health hazards of the poor waste pickers who were mostly children and women. Waste pickers are the main actor for reducing, reusing and recycling of the wastes for the national interest. These waste pickers are in need of and deserve rights to getting benefits for their efforts in reducing, reusing and recycling of the wastes.
Since independence of Bangladesh in 1971, the urban population has grown at an average annual rate of 6% against the overall national growth of 2.2%. From a total of 20.8 million people in 1991, the country's urban population increased to 28.6 million in 2001.[2] Because of rapid urbanization the country's urban population is expected to reach 89.5 million (from 39.5 million in 2005) by 2030.[3] It is estimated that approximately 13,332 tons of waste is produced per day in the urban areas of Bangladesh, which is over 4.86 million tons annually. It is projected that this amount will grow up to 47,000 tons/day and close to 17.2 million tons per year by 2025, due to growth both in population and the increase in per capita waste generation. Based on the present total urban population, per capita waste generation rate is found at 0.41 kg/capita/day in urban area.[4]
The disposal and treatment of waste can produce emissions of several greenhouse gases (GHGs), which contribute to global climate change. The most significant GHG gas produced from waste is methane. It is released during the breakdown of organic matter in landfills. Other forms of waste disposal also produce GHGs but these are mainly in the form of carbon dioxide (a less powerful GHG). Waste prevention and recycling help address global climate change by decreasing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and saving energy. In this regards, establishment of composting site and anaerobic digester will help reduce emission of GHGs.
Grambangla Unnayan Committee (GUC), a non-government, non-profit voluntary development organization working with the waste picker community at Matuail Sanitary Landfill since May 2009. em(POWER) Energy Group, Inc. USA, an American organization is willing to raise funds for some research and development activities to be implemented through GUC for human development of the waste pickers through transforming waste into resources.
The project will aim to explore the situation of waste recycling and prospects of more businesses for the waste pickers in recycling and to develop a participatory planning for understanding and improving the current waste stream, improving efficiency for recyclable sorting, collection of organic wastes for waste-to-energy initiative from the manual driven waste carrying vans, turning organic waste into biogas and electricity and high quality compost.
Rationale of the Project
Waste traditionally has been seen having no value. Traditionally 'valueless' streams of waste can be considered as resources for a new tier of the economy. They can be reduced, reused and recycled through greater efficiency and management at every stage of production and consumption.
Towns and cities of Bangladesh, which are hubs of rapid economic development and population growth, generate thousands of tons of waste from domestic, industrial, commercial, health care facilities and agricultural sources that must be managed daily. Low collection coverage, unavailable transport services, and lack of suitable treatment, recycling and disposal facilities are responsible for unsatisfactory waste management, leading to water, land and air pollution, and for putting people and the environment at risk. At present there is no guideline or rules available for management of solid waste in the country. No incentive or support is available from government to promote and support cleaner production practices amongst the industries.
This project will also facilitate the waste pickers for collecting and sorting of wastes in a safer environment to promote livelihood for a large number of the urban poor and advocate for waste picker rights. This project will facilitate the waste pickers' efforts to earn their livelihoods through reusing and recycling of waste, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This project will help build capacities of the waste pickers and small enterprises engaged in waste collection.
This Initiative for will considerably contribute to climate change mitigation efforts of Bangladesh by conserving resources, saving energy, and cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, this initiative will also help create more jobs for the urban poor especially the waste pickers and strengthen economy. Thus this initiative will help build a more just and fair society for waste pickers.
Purpose of this project
em[POWER] Project Bangladesh seeks to revitalize the waste picking community of Bangladesh using a modular and scalable cooperative development model based on renewable resources.
By coordinating and streamlining the waste utilization process of waste pickers, the em[POWER] model will explore the situation of waste recycling and prospects of more businesses for the waste pickers in recycling and to develop a participatory planning for improving the sorting efficiency of recyclables, collection of organic wastes for waste-to-energy initiative from the manual driven waste carrying vans, turning organic waste into biogas and/or electricity and high quality compost, providing the nucleus for a host of community-owned businesses. Earnings from the social business of waste recycling will in turn be invested for improved community access to energy (gas, electricity etc.), enhance educational opportunities, increase businesses of waste recycling and composts, improve local health, and raise worker wages, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste overflow.
Objectives of the Project
The board objective of the action research is to alleviate poverty situation through adopting some innovative approaches for transforming wastes into resources of the waste pickers in Dhaka City.
The specific objectives of the project are as follows:
Activities of the Project
To achieve the objectives of the project the following activities will be carried out:
i. Implementation of a system for separation of household waste at the source (household, shop, industry etc.) with the help of 5 waste collection van owners and 10 waste pickers;
ii. Organizing community meetings and distributing information, education and communication materials (leaflets, posters and billboard etc.) to promote behavior change regarding source separation of wastes at households
iii. Establishing a small anaerobic digester for turning organic wastes into biogas and electricity and high quality compost;
iv. Development of a nursery business using composts produced by organic wastes
v. Development and use of appropriate recycling technologies for producing and marketing of household recycled paper products from recycled paper (social business of recycled paper)
vi. Sorting of waste materials collected by the waste pickers' cooperative members to reduce waste and to promote their livelihoods
vii. Organizing monthly meetings of the waste picker cooperative members
viii. Documentation of current situation of waste recycling, waste recycling technologies and business of recycling sector in Bangladesh
Immediate Outcomes of the Project
The major immediate outputs of the project will be as follows:
i. 1 anaerobic digester i.e. waste-to-energy plant established and operated for capturing methane gas, using the gas for power generation to support with energy the school, daycare centre and other social initiatives of GUC;
Project Area
The project area will be one of the garbage dumping sites of DhakaCity Corporation i.e. Matuail Sanitary Landfill and its nearby areas.
Progress of 1st Quarter
8.1 Establishment of Anaerobic Digester: The purpose of this activity is to establish a anaerobic digester i.e. waste-to-energy plant and to operate it for capturing methane gas, using the gas for power generation to support with energy the school, daycare centre and other social initiatives of GUC. The design of the anaerobic digester was shared with the em[POWER] team earlier. Following the design in mind we explored the sources for procuring materials for construction of a portable anaerobic digester since the land is rented and not owned by GUC. Primary we discussed with the IDCOL team in Dhaka to know their experiences and we discussed twice with Mr. Wahidur Rahman, the Head of Technical Division, IDCOL. After first time discussion with Mr. Wahidur Rahman we discussed with the Factory Manager of Madina Tank Company and Aqua Tank Company to construct a tank which will be hard enough and that do not deform after emission of biogas from the tank (anaerobic digester). In this regard we organized another meeting with Mr. Wahidur Rahman, the Head of Technical Division, IDCOL and Mr. Zafor Ahamed, Senior Executive of Madina Tank Company. Generally the tank producers in Bangladesh use uPVC [Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride)] in tank production so it is not so hard to keep its form unchanged. Madina Tank used High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) long with uPVC in production of our tank to make it hardy than usual. IDCOL reported that in Netherlands HDP is used for production of tanks for using in biogas plant. We ordered Madina Tank to produce a 2000 litre tank and they took 15 days to deliver it after production.
We have received the tanks to be used in anaerobic digester at our site. During production the project manager of GUC (Mr. Reza) visited the factory at Gazipur to bore two holes on the tank to be used as outlet and inlet of the digester. The holes are of 5 cm diameter each, one is at the bottom and another is at the location where the outlet pipe will be connected. Around 80 percent space of this tank (1600 litres) will be used for kitchen waste and water and rest of the 20 percent space (400 litres) will be used for gas holder. It will take another one week to fix the inlet and outlet pipe and arrange initial works for gas production.
The ratio of kitchen waste and water will be 1: 1.2. At the first day 877 litre water and 727 kg of kitchen waste as initial charger in the tank. After that everyday 4 kg of kitchen waste and 6 liter of water will be added through inlet. We will have to maintain the pH level at around 7 (6.5 – 7.5) so that the mixture does not be alkaline or acidic. We will also avoid alkaline (soap, detergent etc.) or acidic (lemon) content to add with kitchen waste. We will ensure fresh water from the nearby tube well to add.
8.2 Collection of organic waste: We have established three channels of collecting waste e.g. segregated kitchen waste from the waste dumping site, segregated waste from the waste van and vegetable wastes from whole sale vegetable market. Sometimes the Landfill authority shows their non-cooperation attitude to give us waste so we have other options of collecting waste for using in anaerobic digester and composting.
8.3 Establishment of composting site to produce organic manure: A composting site has been established to produce organic manure from kitchen wastes. We have constructed two structure for composting. One is 3 piles of 4ft. x 4ft. x 4ft. each and another one is a drum composting mixer.
8.4 Plant nursery using compost: The plant nursery has been established using the compost produced in the composting site established by the project. Currently there are 400 samplings have been planted in earthen tubs. We will start marketing of the plants with tubs from the next month by a manually driven van. The van will be procured in the next month. The waste pickers' cooperative will sell those samplings and make profit for developing their social business and for developing capital for social business.
8.5 Social business of recycled paper: The Composting Technician-cum- Nursery Caretaker was sent to a recycling paper production centre of Mennonite Central Committee at Mymonsingh for 15 days to have practical experiences of production of recycled paper and production of products from that recycled paper. We are now in the process of setting up the recycled paper production cell.
8.6 Promotion of recycling business by the waste picker women through utilization of sorting facilities: The sorting facility is being used by the 25 woman waste pickers. This facility is helping 25 waste pickers to sort their collected materials at their own place. These waste pickers now are not bound to sell their collected materials to the shop owners at a low cost where they earlier used to sort their collected materials using the front space of the recycling shops.
[1] Maksud A K M (2010). An Action Research for Adapting Kajoli Model Pre-School Activities to Create Early Learning Opportunities for the Child Laborers, Grambangla Unnayan Committee and Research Initiatives Bangladesh.
[2]Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2001. Bangladesh Population Census 2001. Dhaka.
[3]National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) et al. 2008. Bangladesh Urban Health Survey,
2006. Bangladesh.
[4]Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (2009). National 3R Strategy for Waste Management (Second Draft), Dhaka.
Dear Friends, Donors, Advisors, Members, Interns and Consultants,
On behalf of em[POWER] Energy Group family, I would like to sincerely thank each and every one of you for your continued support. Every donation whether it is through volunteer services or monetary helps ensures that we can continue helping our community locally and internationally.
I know there are a lot of other ways you could have spent this time and money, but you believe in our cause, so you chose to invest it in our project. Because of this investment, I want you to feel like part of our team. We're in this together. I want our success to be your success.
Our projects are across the globe and until one project site is fully operational, we will be sending you regular reports about our work and asking for donations in both voluntary service and monetary form. You'll know what your donation has helped fund, what accomplishments we have achieved and what our current needs are.
I hope you find this partnership valuable and worthwhile. I know the economy is tough, so thank you for investing your time and hard-earned money on our cause. Please consider telling your friends and family about our project - share the link on your blogs or social networks or just bring us up in conversation. You know your friends and family best so use your own words - tell them why you chose our project and what it means to you.
As part of my annual travel to project sites, this year I went to Uganda (em[POWER]'s New Project Site) and Thailand (em[POWER]'s Potential Development Site). Please see the links below for images and more information on our new partner organization!
Facebook for images: http://www.facebook.com/pages/EmPOWER-Energy-Group/263865670305557
Em[POWER]: http://empowerenergygroup.org/
Warm Heart Worldwide: http://warmheartworldwide.org/
Change A Life Uganda: http://www.changealifeuganda.org/
As we expand, we seek and need more help! We need more specialists, advisors, members, organizations, donors to continue to expand and implement in our project sites.
Thank you again for all you have done to help this cause.
With gratitude,
Nasir Uddin
Em[POWER] Energy Group (referred to as em[POWER]) and ChangeALife Uganda (referred to as CALU) share a single, common goal of creating sustainable communities by giving them the resources they need to be self-sufficient. To achieve this objective, em[POWER] and CALU agree that the two organizations will work together by sharing resources, networks, and educational information, as enumerated below, to further each organization's goals. With a common mission and passion, em[POWER] has agreed to become their formal partner in the works in Uganda. It is different form of site and relationship than what is traditionally em[POWER] site. However, it is a great way for em[POWER] to expand its portfolio in a country and continent they do not have experience in. As part of all relationship, em[POWER] needed to truly assess the condition of the project in person. For that reason, Nasir Uddin, Co-Founder and VP of em[POWER], visited the site December 2013 for 1-week.
Goal: to assess the variety of projects of CALU as well as see the overall function and structure on-ground.
There are two sites that CALU works in are Nabbingo and Migyera.
On Monday, December 16th, Nasir had a chance to meet some of the Staff of CALU as well as a team that was hired to look at Capacity Building along with Planning and Monitoring. This is as part of the Segal Foundation grant that they received. Em[POWER] intends to look at that report in order to have a better perspective on the challenges of CAL in Uganda.
The staff and leads of the program discussed the variety of programs of CALU: Child Sponsorship Program, Microenterprise Project, and Arts and Crafts program.
- Some of the challenges mentioned
o Find a way to drive more patients to the health unit
o Portable water to community (w/ storage)
o Hygiene and Sanitation programs
o Food and Nutrition programs
o Child Sponsorship Program (needs sustainability)
o Loan Project Expansion
o Additional activities that generate revenue
Meeting with Eva's Family (A Sponsored Child of CALU):
- Father is not supporting the family of 5
- Mother has not been active in working until the Child Sponsorship Program
o Currently:
Meeting with Milay's Family (A Sponsored Child of CALU):
Nabbingo Health Center Facility (a clinic partially supported by CALU):
Services provided in the clinic:
Process of patient admission:
Patient comes in --> Waits for Doctors/Nurses --> Doctors/Nurses Utilizes Government Issued Form to Collect Information --> either have the patient do lab tests AND/OR Get prescription for medicine.
Submission of Reports:
Initial Form Data Collection (this form varies based on patient-level)
- Name, Age, Address, Sex
- Date, Diagnosis, Weight
Data is transferred from manual forms:
- Goes from District to the Ministry Level
o Monthly Summary Form
o Limited weekly reports for HIV/AIDS related counts
Dedicated Nurses Vaccinating Babies during Weekly Vaccination Day at the Nabbingo Clinic
A briquette (or briquette) is a block of flammable matter used as fuel to start and maintain a fire. Common types of briquettes are charcoal briquettes and biomass briquettes. Charcoal contributes to 6% of total energy consumption in Uganda. Up to 10KG of wood is needed to produce 1 KG of charcoal. CALU is interested in a situation that is not meant to totally wipe out the current use of wood as fuel but creating an environment where government's policy to protect environment.
Meeting with a Youth Group that Samuel helped train:
- They started training others as well for free! It is great to see youth working together to do this rather than alternative negative business opportunities that other at their age are doing. It was very inspiring to hear them speak.
Meeting with Our Lady of Charity Women Group (http://olcwomengroup.com/)
"Our Lady of Charity Women group was started in 2008 by the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity. The project is located at Mulago-Nsooba slum area, 5 kilometers from Kampala City Centre. The group has another branch in Bukoto Catholic sub-parish with 45 members. The purpose of starting the project was in response to the needs of marginalized girls, women within the surrounding area."
This is a great group of people! They are doing fantastic work in variety of areas: hand craft, recycling of plastic materials, paper beads, tie-dye tailoring, gardening, mushroom growing, and briquette making, human rights awareness, and counseling. It is great group to support and learn from! They can train others with the amazing products that they make.
Meeting with St Francis Migyera Health Centre
St. Francis Health Clinic, in Migyera is a Level 3 Health Center. It opened July 4, 2012 and provides basic health and maternity services to the community of Migyera and to all St. Lawrence School students. An overall a great infrastructure and set-up done by CALU team! The doctor on staff seems very knowledgeable with 10 other nurses available on staff. The facility followed the same structure as the Nabbingo Health Centre. The prescription looks well stocked. There are no unique codes for patients except Clinic generated numbers (just sequential order). There are very minimal government subsidies: malaria and vaccine. Patient going from one office to another with data being recorded in separate forms can result in missing historical trending as well as typographical errors. When old patient comes in, the patient records are manually dug through the paper to find old records. This can be very difficult and time consuming once there large amounts of patient. Short term: it may be good to establish a patient record system (a manual process) and cards.
John and his brother spend before and after school getting water for the family. They spend hours each week doing this rather than being in school, doing school work or other after school activities. The condition of the water was something unexpected for everyone. The source of this water during rainy season showed the amount of different inputs that came into the water system: animal and people feces, chemicals, and other toxic materials. Throughout the town the only clean system is the rain water capture system that runs out of clean water as the dry season progresses.
CALU Water System:
Creating a commercial water system is the best approach to sustainable clean water system! It allows for community to be involved as well as income generation method for the village. Water is foundation of life and will be direct solution to all the nutrition and health concerns in the community.
Nasir with CALU teams and Engineer in front of the Water Reservoir by the school (left); Full view of the Source of the water along with the transformer 1.5KM away (right)
Unutilized eco-toilet behind the clinic: looks to be in great condition and well designed.
The following blog comes from Nasir Uddin who spent a week at Warm Heart In December. It will be featured in http://warmheartworldwide.tumblr.com/.
I have been involved with Warm Heart since its early days in 2008-9 when I worked to help raise its profile at Rutgers University. In fact my first collaboration with Michael was as a Rutgers undergrad when I helped to develop training curriculum through Global Pact (http://globalpact.org),an organization he founded to build an international network to take on the world's problems, no less! You could certainly say that Michael has personally been responsible for lighting a fire under many of us as we go out into the world and launch our working lives.
Warm Heart has a vision which is, unfortunately, fairly rare in today's NGO world. Most NGOs go into a community with a predefined solution without taking into consideration the true needs of the local residents and how to get them involved. Warm Heart works hard to really assess how the solutions will impact different areas of the residents' livelihood, not just on pushing through the project. For that reason, I have become increasingly interested in understanding the organization and how I can help to support it.
After meeting Michael several times in the US in the intervening years after he shifted to Phrao and through regular emails, my goal has been to deepen the involvement between Warm Heart and my own NGO, em[POWER] Energy Group (http://empowerenergygroup.org/). Em[POWER] was founded by students with different specialties from Rutgers and Princeton University five years ago. It has been my ongoing passion as I continued my graduate schooling and began working full-time for companies who manufacture medical devices.
Em[POWER]'s mission is to find sustainable solutions through renewable resource-oriented development for waste-picking communities – people who sell waste for their livelihood – in usually remote areas of the developing world. My particular area of focus has been the telemedicine project. Telemedicine is defined by the World Health Organization as "the use of information and communications technology to deliver health care particularly in areas where access to medical services is insufficient". Over the past year, I have personally funded the software development for a simple and inexpensive solution to carry out preventive health tests to people living in remote areas.
That's where my connection with Warm Heart comes in. In each of our project sites – we recently expanded into Uganda, for example – we come across local problems and rely on our network of local and international experts and organizations for support in helping us roll-out, implement and fine-tune our different project solutions. We also share similar problems so it's good to brain storm and share stories.
Over the Christmas break this year, I finally had my first opportunity to come to Phrao for a short week-long visit. There were two primary reasons for my trip:
1) To bring a sustainable solution – the telemedicine project – to address health concerns faced by local communities at our project sites and to initiate implementation;
2) To obtain deeper and first-hand understanding of Warm Heart and its projects with the end goal of creating a formal partnership between em[Power] and WH.
Warm Heart was facing a serious issue with thousands of residents in the Phrao District who suffer from high blood pressure and diabetes and who aren't getting the proper care. Local clinics – Mae Wan clinic where Warm Heart is located alone serves 6000 residents – are sorely understaffed and underfunded. Nurses are unable to go from village to village and health workers are not trained to collect medical data. It has been a real struggle for Warm Heart to collect the data so that those who are at high risk can get support.
Em[Power] volunteered to develop a cell phone and web software system integrated with medical devices such as a blood pressure measuring device. In fact, it took over four years and the involvement of several successive volunteers to finally obtain permissions to pilot the telemedicine project. Crucial to the viability of the solution was the fact that most of rural Thailand is covered by 3G internet networks.
The initial pilot project will be at Mae Wan clinic and cover blood pressure monitoring in the villages. Later we hope to add other preventive tests such as blood glucose and ECG. Hopefully with the data, we will then get permission for the clinic to send medicine to the patient, or provide transportation to the clinic or closest hospital. Imagine how just the ability to collect a simple blood pressure reading can lead to someone living in a remote village being able to avoid disablement or death by hypertension.
Along with Michael and PJ, who served as translator, we were able to demonstrate the device at Mae Wan clinic and obtain permission for the pilot project. The next step is getting six cell phones loaded with the app and six blood pressure monitoring systems to Phrao. The first round of cell phones has been funded by donations and Warm Heart will be buying the first round of blood pressure devices. Warm Heart will also provide the local health workers with the necessary training.
I spent the rest of my week exploring all of Warm Heart's projects in addition to reviewing the final paperwork and process for the telemedicine program and the formal partnership agreement. The projects I was most interested in were the biochar renewable energy work that Michael is doing as well as its Fair Trade weaving and sewn products.
From the first morning after waking up in Phrao, I knew WH would be unlike any other place I have ever travelled to. Michael Shafer has really taken his vision and all his years of experience and created a community which many people consider to be their home. He and his wife Evelind are really immersed in the local community and practice what they preach.
I am looking forward to seeing if the organization can become truly sustainable and if the local community can continue some of these projects without Warm Heart. Likewise, I'm hoping the telemedicine public health project can expand throughout Phrao valley and even into the rest of Thailand. The photo below shows me saying goodbye to Michael and Evelind but it's also the hello to a lasting partnership with Warm Heart Worldwide.
Our DREAM Became A Reality! (Continuted from last update)
NOTE: another report will be submitted in January after em[POWER] travels to Thailand and Uganda this month!
Em[POWER] is gaining ground literally and figuratively on multiple fronts! First, thanks to the financial generosity of individual and corporate donors over these last few months; em[POWER] has been enabled to transition towards the most impactful and involved phase for our mission in Bangladesh.
It took several months for em[POWER] executives to acquire the proper land space on which to build a new sorting facility for the landfill community of Matuail, Bangladesh. This is mostly because of the complicated challenges posed by buying land internationally, and em[POWER]'s commitment to collaborate comprehensively with local forces every single step of the way. However, despite recent tragedies, hartals (protests), and a cyclone em[POWER] is enthused to announce that the construction and development for the sorting facility is underway!
Here in the U.S., em[POWER] has been continuing all fundraising efforts to ensure we keep building on the momentum of these long-awaited and promising developments. Em[POWER] was recently humbled with a $10,000 donation from Hewlett Packard Canada along with their guarantee for future involvement. This generous act has energized our efforts, and exemplified the direction and scale of our growth as we continue to climb towards a future in which your donations drastically influence the lives and livelihood of landfill workers.
First 24 Workers in the Em[POWER] Bangladesh Sorting Facility! (see images in PDF)
Our next year's goal for Project Bangladesh: 40 Household level Source Separation, 1 Small Scale Anaerobic Biodigestor, 1 Composting Unit, 1 Agriculture Bed and 1 Fair Trade Product
Cost: $35,000
We need your support: Donations, Time, OR Technology
Here are ways to donate:
ay Through GlobalGiving (if you do not have paypal): http://www.globalgiving.org/projects/empower-wastelands/ (you can also see how your funding will be used) [donations are MATCHED in DECEMBER]
Em[POWER] is working with multiple consulting agencies to restructure the overall organization at strategic level. It has expanded and grew its HR segment based on tremendous boom in its project portfolio. We are VERY excited for you to see all the great things going, especially with our new project site in Uganda! STAY TUNED!
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Gooseberry And Lemon Jelly
|12 Ounce (Green Variety)
|To Taste
|1 Cup (16 tbs) (For Decoration)
|1⁄2 Pint
|Lemon jelly
Make a syrup of the sugar and water and put in the gooseberries when the sugar has completely dissolved.
Simmer until the fruit is soft, lift out a few gooseberries for decoration and continue cook ing the remainder until a pulp.
Rub through a sieve and measure the pulp and syrup.
Add enough water to give nearly 11/4 pints altogether.
Dissolve the lemon jelly in this hot mixture and put into a mould.
Turn out and decorate with cream and the whole fruit.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1050 Calories from Fat 107
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 10 g15.6%
Saturated Fat 8.3 g41.6%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 16.4 mg5.5%
Sodium 477.8 mg19.9%
Total Carbohydrates 227 g75.7%
Dietary Fiber 14.6 g58.5%
Sugars 93.4 g
Protein 12 g23.9%
Vitamin A 27.9% Vitamin C 157.1%
Calcium 57.6% Iron 5.9%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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How to tell if you have crab lice
Itching occurs, especially at night, in the pubic hair area.
Written by: Dr Margaret Stearn
Edited by: Dr Margaret Stearn
Last updated: Tuesday, October 4th 2011
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Posted by Optional on 18/06/2011 at 06:53, Canada
Thnk you this helped me alot
Posted by Natasha on 07/03/2011 at 09:40, United Kingdom
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By Austin Jenkins
By HALEY ATKINSON
Camden High School student Nicholas Ranges, center, will represent Camden's James Leroy Belk American Legion Post 17 in the Legion's Quadrant competition of the American Legion High School Oratorical Contest to be held Feb. 15 at Columbia's Post 130. The four Quadrant winners will compete in the state finals. Ranges stands with his grandfather Foy Thompson, left, and Post 17 contest chairman Richard Lackey, right.
The Bassett Gallery at the Fine Arts Center (FAC) of Kershaw County is currently accepting artist materials for consideration for exhibition in the Bassett Gallery to be scheduled from September 2014 through May 2015. All submissions will be considered for both solo and group exhibitions.
Camden ART welcomes back, Wim Roefs, owner of the 'if ART Gallery' in Columbia. He will speak to the group's members and guests on the topic of The Gallery/Artist relationship.
Madge Black Strickland, author of A Sandhills Revelation: The History, Legacy, Legend of Blaney-Elgin will speak on Elgin's history Sunday at 3 p.m. at the Robert Mills Courthouse at 607 South Broad St., in Camden. This program is free and open to the public
The Kershaw County Library (KCL) will welcome programming of the natural variety when three local naturalists, along with a local University of South Carolina English professor present on various topics concerning the natural world.
The public is invited to a meeting on Wednesday at 6:30 p.m. at the Lugoff Fire Department to hear about what Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) of Kershaw County are doing now and what they will be doing in the near future.
The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires all of the Continuum of Care organizations who receive funding for homeless services and housing to attempt to find and survey individuals and families who are homeless in January of each year.
The Fine Arts Center of Kershaw County hosted the Sumter Civic Dance Company for a performance called "Don't Walk … Dance" on Wednesday.
The Camden Garden Club will hold its next meeting on Tuesday at the home of Nancy Langston.
Page 58 of 136
I have been involved in school sports and clubs since the 7th grade. Being active in school sports and clubs is very important to me ...
The Multi-Cultural Committee of the Fine Arts Center of Kershaw County (FAC) announces plans for the Gospel Fest and Heritage Tea -- annual events celebrating Black ...
Camden Branch
The Clemson Extension and 4-H will soon be offering spring projects, including raising chickens and planting gardens.
The internationally acclaimed EQUUS Film Festival Winners Tour returns to Camden for the second year this weekend. The city of Camden has been selected as ...
North Central Middle School recently collaborated with area elementary schools to make School to Work job shadowing experiences with faculty and staff a success for ...
James A. (Jimmie) Williams Jr. celebrates his 90th birthday today, February 14. His family wishes him a happy birthday from his wife of 65 years ...
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Common Short Sale Problems and Obstacles
If you want to successfully complete a short sale of your home, learn how to avoid the most common obstacles to short sales.
If you are a homeowner facing foreclosure, a short sale might sound like the perfect solution to your problem. After all, with a short sale you sell your home for less than the total debt balance remaining on the mortgage and the lender agrees to release the lien on the property. What could be easier?
Well, there are many different potential hurdles that you'll have to overcome to complete the deal. Read on to learn more about common problems that come up in short sales and what you can do to avoid these obstacles.
What Is a Short Sale?
A short sale is when the lender agrees to let you sell your home for less than the outstanding mortgage debt. The proceeds from the sale pay off a portion of the mortgage balance and the lender releases the lien on the property. (Find out more in Nolo's article Is a Short Sale Right for You?)
Example. Say you owe $300,000 on your mortgage. Your lender agrees to let you sell the property for $250,000 and release its lien. The sale price is "short" of the full debt amount by $50,000, which is called a "deficiency." (Find out more in Nolo's article Deficiency Judgments: Will You Still Owe Money After the Foreclosure?)
In the past, short sales were difficult (if not impossible) to complete. Following the recent mortgage crisis, servicers and lenders revamped their short sale guidelines and, as a result, it is now easier than ever to complete a short sale. However, certain problems do still tend to crop up in short sales.
Common Problems and Obstacles With Short Sales
If you are aware of the most common short sale problems, you'll be better prepared to deal with them as they arise. Some frequent issues are:
What Happens to the Deficiency?
In many states, the lender can seek a personal judgment against you after the short sale to recover the deficiency amount. (Learn more about deficiency judgments in Nolo's article How to Avoid a Short Sale Deficiency Judgment.)
While many states have enacted legislation that prohibits a deficiency judgment following a foreclosure, most states do not have a corresponding law that would prevent a deficiency judgment following a short sale. (Find out which states prohibit a deficiency judgment after a short sale.)
Even if your state does not have a statute that prohibits a deficiency judgment following a short sale, there are ways you can prevent the lender from getting a deficiency judgment, such as:
- negotiating a waiver of the deficiency
- declaring bankruptcy, or
- negotiating a settlement for an amount less than you actually owe. (To find out more about settling a debt, see Nolo's articles Dealing With Debt: An Overview of Your Options and Debt Negotiations: Common Mistakes.)
To avoid any nasty surprises following the short sale, you should figure out what will happen to the deficiency before completing the transaction.
Lowball Offers That Waste Everyone's Time
Potential purchasers sometimes make ridiculously low offers hoping to get an amazing deal on your property. However, banks owe their shareholders and investors a duty to get as much as they can for distressed properties. Lowball offers do not meet investor guidelines and, as a result, the lender will very likely come back with a significantly higher counteroffer and the potential buyer will most likely walk away.
To avoid wasting everyone's time, avoid submitting lowball offers to the lender for approval. You still may have to submit several offers (and deal with several counteroffers) before finding a buyer that is willing to pay the lender's desired price, but at least you won't waste your time with someone who isn't willing to pay fair market value. (Fair market value is determined by the recent sales prices of similar, nearby homes, with some adjustments made for the property's condition.)
Lack of Buyer Scrutiny
Another potential problem with short sales is the issue of buyer scrutiny. Before you get too deep into the deal, you need to ensure that the buyer is qualified and serious about purchasing the home. For example, make sure that the buyer is pre-approved for a sufficient loan amount, otherwise you may go through the entire short sale application process with your lender only to find out that the buyer can't complete his or her end of the deal.
Junior Lienholders Won't Accept the Payoff Amount
In order to obtain clear title following a short sale, the first mortgage lender must obtain releases from all of the junior lienholders. This means that if there is a second mortgage, HELOC, tax lien, or other lien (like a judgment lien) on the property, all must sign off on the short sale deal -- not just your first mortgage lender. To get the junior lienholders to agree, the first mortgage holder will offer each junior lien holder a portion of the total amount they are owed (this is usually a small amount of money) in order to release their lien.
The main obstacle in getting junior lienholders to agree to a short sale is that each party usually wants more money than the first lender offers. This can make it very difficult to get an approval from each lienholder. (Learn more in Nolo's article Short Sales With Multiple Mortgages.)
A few potential solutions to this problem are:
- convincing the junior lienholders that they will receive more by letting the short sale go through than they would in a foreclosure
- paying off the junior lienholders (though this is generally not possible for most distressed homeowners), or
- convincing the first lender to contribute more of its share of the funds to the junior lienholders.
Neglecting Junior Liens
Some banks have a reputation for being difficult when it comes to approving short sales and releasing their junior liens. If you do not devote adequate time and attention to the junior lienholders from the very beginning of the process, it may not leave you with sufficient time to obtain their consent and complete the short sale.
Unrealistic Timeline Expectations
In general, short sales are much faster than they used to be, though the process can still take a few weeks or months. Since it is quite likely that the lender will reject the first offer (particularly if the offer is substantially lower than the listing price or below fair market value), uninformed buyers and sellers who expect a quick turnaround can get frustrated and bail on the deal before the sale is approved.
Fortunately for some borrowers, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as some of the major banks, have streamlined their short sale processes so that homeowners can be more quickly and easily approved for a short sale. (Find out if Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac owns your loan in Nolo's article Short Sales for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Loans.)
The Lender May Require a Promissory Note
If you have sufficient income or assets, you should be aware that sometimes the lender may require you to sign a promissory note to pay back some of the deficiency as a condition of agreeing to the short sale.
The lender may remove this requirement if you:
- raise the sale price (and the buyer agrees), or
- offer a lump sum paid at closing.
Example. Say the lender will approve the short sale, but only if you agree to sign a $10,000 promissory note to cover some of the deficiency. Rather than signing a $10,000 promissory note, you could offer to pay $3,000 at closing. Lenders are sometimes willing to take less money at closing rather than hope they'll get more money out of you at some point in the future.
Documentation Must Be Correct and Complete
One common reason that short sales fail to close is problems with the documentation. For example:
- the documents may not get drawn up in time
- certain documents may be missing, or
- the documents may not be signed and dated properly.
Any problems with the documentation can slow the process down or kill the deal altogether. Therefore, it is in your best interest to push for the loan documents to be prepared several days before the closing date and to carefully review them.
Hiring an Attorney
If you are considering completing a short sale, you should go into the process knowing the pitfalls so you can take steps to avoid them. Hiring an attorney with experience in negotiating short sales is also recommended. Short sales can be tricky, so be sure your attorney is familiar with how they work.
Talk to a Lawyer
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We built the IKE WINDSHIRT with a specially-made polyester that we call "woolyester" because it's brushed to feel like wool while still being a breathable performance fabric. Our innovative hidden nylon front panels provide an extra layer of protection against the wind, and heat regulating two-way zip and pit vents keep you comfortable whether you're crushing a hill or chilling at the bar. On or off the bike, the IKE is handsome, functional and ready to roll.
- Two-way main zipper for on bike ventilation
- Reflective locker loop on back
- Zippered cuffs for improved fit
- Polyester with Teflon DWR and a brushed face tightly woven with 2% spandex
- Built in China


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During our time in Florida, we took Lincoln to a splash park one day. To say he had fun, would be the understatement of the year. He seriously enjoyed this free splash park, more than Disney World. And no, I'm not joking. See for yourself :)
Follow'>http://www.bloglovin.com/blog/3665379/the-momma-diaries?claim=t4hvebahy86">Follow my blog with Bloglovin


text: Fishbowl Billy Bush Drops an Oscars Weekend Hint An intriguing Instagram comments exchange. Dean Baquet: 'Trump Is the Best Thing to Happen to the Times' Subscription Strategy' The Times executive editor is making lemonade out of Trump's anti-Times tweets. Meryl Streep Gets Blistered by Some Real Fake News Karl Lagerfeld leads Women's Wear Daily astray. The New Yorker Tills the Land of Putin Another winning cover from Barry Blitt. NYPL's 2017 Book Award Finalists Wrote About Gun Deaths, Pandemics, War Zones, Dark Money and Refugees The Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence finalists are in. Viggo Mortensen's Golden Boot Award Other 2007 honorees included Eva Marie Saint and the son of John Wayne. Journalist Recalls Editor's Memorable Halloween Costume A sweet memory stirred by the passing of Iowa journalist Anne Carothers-Kay. RD Roundup: New EICs for Traditional Home, Allrecipes and a New Garden Editor at Better Homes & Gardens Jill Waage, Jennifer Darling and James A. Baggett get new roles. Film Critic Applies a Hacksaw to Best Picture Category Paul MacInnes outlines his "impossible burden" in The Guardian. A Berkshire Hathaway Beachside Retreat Warren Buffett is selling a property in the Southern California gated community of Emerald Bay. 1 2 3 … 10,914 Next »


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Welfare Reform, Returns to Experience, and Wages: Using Reservation Wages to Account for Sample Selection Bias
Work was one of the central motivations for welfare reform during the 1990s. One important rationale for work was based on human capital theory: work today should raise experience tomorrow, which in turn should raise future wage offers and reduce dependency on aid. Despite the importance of the this notion, few studies have estimated the effect of welfare reform on wages. Furthermore, several recent analyses suggest that low-skill workers, such as welfare recipients, enjoy only meager returns to experience, undermining the link between welfare reform and wages. An important analytical obstacle is the sample selection problem. Since non-employment levels are high and workers are unlikely to represent a random sample from the population of former recipients, estimates that fail to account for sample selection could be seriously biased. In this paper, I propose a method to solve the selection problem based on the use of reservation wage data. Reservation wage data allow one to solve the problem using censored regression methods. Furthermore, the use of reservation wage data obviates the need for the controversial exclusion restrictions sometimes used to identify familiar two-step sample selection estimators. Correcting for sample selection bias matters a great deal empirically. Estimates from models that lack such corrections suggest that welfare recipients gain little from work experience. Estimates based on the reservation wage approach suggest that they enjoy returns similar to those estimated from other samples of workers. They also suggest that the particular reform program that I analyze may have raised wages modestly.
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|Date of creation:
|Sep 2005
|Publication status:
|published as Jeffrey Grogger, 2009. "Welfare Reform, Returns to Experience, and Wages: Using Reservation Wages to Account for Sample Selection Bias," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 91(3), pages 490-502, 02.
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Phone: 617-868-3900
Web page: http://www.nber.org
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- David Card & Charles Michalopoulos & Philip K. Robins, 2001. "The Limits to Wage Growth: Measuring the Growth Rate of Wages For Recent Welfare Leavers," NBER Working Papers 8444, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Michael D. Hurd, 1999.
"Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assets in Households Surveys,"
Working Papers
99-02, RAND Corporation.
- Hurd, Michael D, 1999. "Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assets in Household Surveys," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 19(1-3), pages 111-136, December.
- Hurd, M., 1999. "Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assets in Households Surveys," Papers 99-02, RAND - Labor and Population Program.
- Newey, Whitney K., 1987. "Efficient estimation of limited dependent variable models with endogenous explanatory variables," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 231-250, November.
- Heckman, James J, 1979.
"Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error,"
Econometric Society, vol. 47(1), pages 153-161, January.
- Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Publishing House "SINERGIA PRESS", vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
- David Card & Dean R. Hyslop, 2005.
"Estimating the Effects of a Time-Limited Earnings Subsidy for Welfare-Leavers,"
Econometric Society, vol. 73(6), pages 1723-1770, November.
- David Card & Dean R. Hyslop, 2004. "Estimating the Effects of a Time Limited Earnings Subsidy for Welfare Leavers," NBER Working Papers 10647, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Light, Audrey & Ureta, Manuelita, 1995. "Early-Career Work Experience and Gender Wage Differentials," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 13(1), pages 121-154, January.
- James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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NERF Products
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Item: A6290
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Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/forum.php)
- Fish Breeding (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/fish-breeding/)
- - Do kribs need soft water? (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/fish-breeding/do-kribs-need-soft-water-19957/)
Do kribs need soft water?
The ph of my water is about 7.4. Would that be okay for breeding kribs, or would I need to soften the water?
They will breed in almost anything. Mine did in a pH of 6.4, but I have heard of success anywhere from 5.5-*almost* 8.0.
mine is 7.5-8.0 and my kribs are breeding fine
My krobs bred in my tank with a pH of 7.8 and 15 degrees of hardness.
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Gaylesville Real Estate
Gaylesville is located in Alabama. Gaylesville, Alabama has a population of 314. Gaylesville is more family-centric than the surrounding county with 48.57% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 31.52%.
The median household income in Gaylesville, Alabama is $58,958. The median household income for the surrounding county is $36,241 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Gaylesville is 37.2 years.
Gaylesville Weather
The average high temperature in July is 90 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 29.2 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 56.4 inches per year, with 2.1 inches of snow per year.
Gaylesville Map
Gaylesville real estate offices
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Ole Heritage Realty, Inc.
Re/Max Property Center
Bartley Realty LLC
Lake and Land Real Estate
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