text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 2, 1987
|Filing date
|Mar 17, 1986
|Priority date
|Jun 15, 1984
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Donald D. Kikta, Kent E. Regnier
|Original Assignee
|Grayhill, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (6), Classifications (6), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 621,216, filed June 15, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,590,344 which was a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 458,341, filed Jan. 17, 1983, now abandoned.
This invention relates in general to dual inline package (DIP) switches, and more particularly to a DIP switch that is machine insertable on a printed circuit board, and still more particularly to a slide DIP switch having substantially the same dimensions and profile as a standard DIP integrated circuit module so that it can be mounted on a printed circuit board with the same automatic insertion equipment used to mount DIP integrated circuit modules on printed circuit boards, and still more particularly to a machine insertable DIP switch capable of providing multiple pole and throw combinations.
Heretofore, there have been many types of DIP switches available for hand insertion onto a printed circuit board. Because of a need to reduce labor costs, the electronic industry has sought a DIP switch that can be machine inserted on a board with standard available equipment.
Automatic machines for machine inserting DIP integrated circuit modules have been developed and are commercially available but are restricted to handle modules within a given size range. Thus, a DIP switch having the dimensions and configuration within that size range can also be machine inserted on printed circuit boards by the same machines.
One known machine insertable DIP switch includes a slide-type contactor of the leaf-spring type, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,964. It is well known that the life and reliability of a leaf-spring type switch is materially less than those switches not using leaf springs such as the ball contactor switch shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,031,345, which includes a coil spring for the contactor. Moreover, it is not possible in the known machine insertable DIP switches to change the switching mode, such as between a normally open or normally closed type, except by changing parts of the switch.
The problems involved in making a machine insertable DIP switch include the necessity to compactly design the switch with a low profile so that its height, width and length are within the size range of a machine for handling DIP integrated circuit modules and so that the terminals are arranged on the outside of the switch housing for gripping and handling by the insertion equipment. These factors make manufacturing and assembling difficult. Further, reliability may suffer.
The DIP switch of the present invention can be machine inserted by that automatic insertion equipment in a printed circuit board, thereby eliminating hand-insertion methods and saving labor costs. It is dimensioned and profiled like an integrated circuit module, and is easy to manufacture and assemble, and it is highly reliable in operation. The switch is of the slide type and the slider is structured so that it can be disposed in the base in either of two positions so that its contactor will be in the normally open or normally closed position when the actuating button is positioned at the same side of the switch cover. The cover is secured to the base after insertion of the slidercontactor assembly by heat staking, ultrasonic welding or forming, utilizing adhesives, or by structuring it and the base so that it will snap into seated position and be locked in place. The exposed ends of the slider buttons are essentially flush with or below the top surface or end of the base and preferably flush with or below the top surface of the cover to facilitate handling by the automatic insertion equipment.
The switch may include single and/or plural sliders, and the plural sliders may be internally or externally tied together to define multiple pole and throw combinations. The coaction between the sliders and the cover and slider actuator openings are such as to define a dust shield for the contact elements.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved machine insertable DIP switch capable of being machine loaded on a printed circuit board by automatic DIP integrated circuit module insertion equipment.
Another object of the present invention is in the provision of a slide-type machine insertable DIP switch with a slider that can be selectively oriented when assembling in the housing such that its contactor may be in a normally open or normally closed position.
A further object of the present invention is in the provision of a machine insertable DIP switch having a relatively small number of parts that may be easily assembled and which will provide a highly reliable and relatively contaminant-proof switch capable of having a long operating life.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a machine insertable DIP switch of the slide type which can be assembled to provide multiple pole and throw combinations in a single base.
Another object of the invention is to provide a machine insertable DIP switch of the slide type which is constructed such that the contacts are shielded from external elements so as to be dust-proof.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying sheets of drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the machine insertable DIP switch of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an end elevational view of the switch of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a greatly enlarged transverse sectional view of the switch taken generally along line 6--6 of FIG. 2 and showing the switch in closed position;
FIG. 7 is a transverse sectional view similar to FIG. 6 but showing the switch in open position;
FIG. 8 is a view like FIG. 6 with the slider turned 180 degrees to illustrate an alternative assembly of the switch and where the particular switch will be in normally open position with the slider in the leftmost position;
FIG. 9 is a greatly enlarged detailed sectional view taken generally along line 9--9 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of the switch of FIG. 1 and with some parts omitted for purposes of clarity and with the cover being shown only fragmentarily;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the base of the switch prior to assembling the sliders with the contactors and springs and the cover member;
FIG. 12 is a top plan view of a single slider used in the switch;
FIG. 13 is a bottom plan view of the slider;
FIG. 14 is an end elevational view of the slider;
FIG. 15 is a top plan view of the cover of the switch;
FIG. 16 is a bottom plan view of the cover;
FIG. 17 is a transverse sectional view of the cover taken substantially along line 17--17 of FIG. 15;
FIG. 18 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken between sliders through a side wall of the base and the adjacent part of the cover in assembled relation with the base but prior to staking of the cover to the base;
FIG. 19 is a view like FIG. 18 but illustrating the cover staked to the base;
FIG. 20 is a top plan view of a multiple contactor slider which comprises a pair of sliders tied together internally of the switch housing;
FIG. 21 is a vertical sectional view taken through the slider of FIG. 20 and generally along lines 21--21 thereof;
FIG. 22 is an end elevational view of the slider of FIG. 20 looking in the direction of the arrows along line 22--22;
FIG. 23 is a bottom plan view of the slider of FIG. 20;
FIG. 24 is a bottom plan view of a modified slider where the contactors would be in the opposite positions from those of the slider in FIG. 23;
FIG. 25 is a bottom plan view of a still further modified slider where the contactors would be in alignment with each other;
FIG. 26 is a top plan view of a switch according to the invention and illustrating various combinations of multiple pole and throw combinations;
FIG. 27 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through the switch of FIG. 26 and generally along line 27--27 thereof;
FIG. 28 is a view similar to FIG. 27 but illustrating three sliders internally tied together in a switch;
FIG. 29 is a top plan view of a modified cover plate for coaction with a modified base for defining a snap-fit relation between the cover and the base;
FIG. 30 is a side elevational view of the cover member of FIG. 29;
FIG. 31 is a bottom plan view of the cover member of FIG. 29;
FIG. 32 is a greatly enlarged transverse sectional view taken through the cover plate of FIG. 29 and generally along line 32--32 thereof;
FIG. 33 is an enlarged detailed sectional view taken through a modified base and illustrating the manner in which the cover plate of FIG. 32 engages in locking relation with the base;
FIG. 34 is a sectional view like FIG. 32 but showing a modified snap-fit cover plate;
FIG. 35 is a greatly enlarged transverse sectional view like FIG. 6 showing a modified slider and contactor subassembly wherein the contactor is ball-shaped and showing the slider in the "on" position in solid lines and in the "off" position in phantom;
FIG. 36 is a side view of the slider from the switch of FIG. 35;
FIG. 37 is an end view of the slider;
FIG. 38 is a top view of the slider;
FIG. 39 is a bottom view of the slider;
FIG. 40 is a greatly enlarged exploded fragmentary view of a modification of the invention utilizing a ball contactor;
FIG. 41 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary plan view of the base subassembly following the plastic molding of the base housing on the terminal lead frame;
FIG. 42 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken through the base subassembly along the longitudinal center line of the terminals;
FIG. 43 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of a terminal lead frame;
FIG. 44 is an enlarged inverted perspective view of the slide for the modification and illustrating the contactor spring in position;
FIG. 45 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical sectional view of the slide in upright position;
FIG. 46 is an enlarged vertical transverse sectional view taken through the modified switch of FIG. 40 showing all of the parts in assembled relation and illustrating in solid lines the position of the parts with the switch in "make" or "on" position where the ball contactor is in conductive engagement with both terminal arms and also showing the ball contactor in phantom in the "unmake" or "off" position and a position intermediate the "make" and "unmake" positions;
FIG. 47 is a view similar to FIG. 46 illustrating the position of the slide as pressure is applied to drive the ball contactor from "make" to "unmake" position;
FIG. 48 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary plan view of the inner ends of the terminal arms with a ball positioned in phantom in "make" position and illustrating the four contact points made by the ball with two on each of the terminal arms;
FIG. 49 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken substantially along line 49--49 of FIG. 46 with parts omitted to illustrate the ball engaging the terminal arm track intermediate the "make" and "unmake" positions; and
FIG. 50 is a view similar to FIG. 49 and taken substantially along line 50--50 of FIG. 46 to illustrate the ball in "unmake" position.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIGS. 1 to 6, one form of the machine insertable DIP switch of the present invention is generally indicated by the numeral 30 and includes a base 31, a cover 32, a plurality of slide actuators or sliders 33 and a cup-shaped contactor 34 and a helical or coil spring 35 associated with each slider 33. The switch 30 is commonly referred to as an eight-position switch which includes eight individual switching units. It may be appreciated that the present invention is applicable to a switch having any desired number of switching units.
The base, cover and sliders are of a suitable moldable thermoplastic having suitable electrical insulating and strength characteristics. The contactor, together with the terminal elements hereinafter referred to, will be made of a suitable electrical conductive material, and the spring will be of a suitable spring material.
The outer contour of the switch according to the invention is dimensioned so that it can then be machine inserted into a printed circuit board by commercially available DIP machine insertion equipment used for inserting DIP integrated circuit modules.
The base 31, as seen particularly in FIGS. 6 to 11, includes a bottom wall 38, parallel opposed and upstanding side walls 39, and end walls 40. A plurality of equally spaced apart partitions 41 extending parallel to each other and between the opposed side walls, and integral with the bottom and side walls, define a plurality of juxtaposed switch sites 42. Slidably received within each switch site, as will be more clearly explained, is a slider with a contactor and a spring.
Terminal means in the form of a pair of terminal elements 46 are molded in the base at each of the switch sites. While the terminal elements are identically shaped, they are arranged in mirror relation to each other, as seen particularly in FIGS. 6 to 11.
Each terminal element 46 includes a terminal leg 47 and a terminal arm 48. The terminal leg extends generally at right angles to the terminal arm and downwardly and on the outside of the base, as seen in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6. The terminal leg or terminal is adapted to be inserted onto an opening in the printed circuit board. Each terminal leg includes a beveled standoff 47a having beveled edges on opposite sides of the leg and which engage the printed circuit board and seats the switch in spaced relation from the board surface. When seating, the standoffs may partially penetrate the board which defines a firm seated position. Each terminal arm 48 is fixed to the base and defines a contact that is disposed within the base for engagement by the contactor 34. The upper surface of each contact 48 from the inner free end thereof is undulated and includes a convex portion 48a and a concave portion 48b which defines a detenting structure for the contactor 34. The undulations of the contacts are preferably formed as the mold in which the base is molded closes, but they could be formed prior to molding. Thus, the terminal arms have inclined curvate contact surfaces. The free ends of the terminal arms or contacts are separated by a longitudinally extending bar portion 49 of the base which insulates the contacts from each other. The inner ends of the arms are centrally disposed with opposed curvate surfaces defining a gap between the ends. As seen particularly in FIG. 9, each contact is held in place against vertical or other movement by molded material at the upper and lower opposite edges so that the disposition of the contacts relative to the base and the contactor remains constant. Openings 49a are molded in the base below the contacts for purposes of facilitating the holding and forming of the contacts during the molding and contact forming process. However, since the contacts or terminal arms are closed off at opposite edges by molded material, the interior of the switch is not exposed to contamination through the openings 49a.
Each slide actuator or slider 33 includes an elongated body 54 having a longitudinal dimension less than the distance between the opposite side walls of the base so that it can be slidably moved back and forth in a switch site. The width of the body 54 is less than the spacing between adjacent partitions 41 as can be seen particularly in FIG. 9 to allow for ease of slidable movement. Lips or rails 55 are integrally formed longitudinally along the opposite sides of the body portion 54 and are sized such that the width of the slider at the lips is greater than the distance between adjacent partitions. The lips are disposed between the top edges of the partitions and the underside of the cover 32. In the event of excess downward pressure on the slider, the lips will engage the upper edges of the partitions, thereby limiting downward movement and thereby protecting the bottom of the base at the contact area against damage. Because of the spring 35, as will be further explained, the slider is urged against the underside of the cover as shown in FIG. 9 where the upper surface of the slider slidably engages the undersurface of the cover.
Extending from the upper surface of the slider is a button or actuator 56 having opposed cutouts or recesses 56a to facilitate engagement by a pointed tool such as the end of a pencil or ballpoint pen when engaged for purposes of moving the slider in the base between either of its two positions. Each button 56 is freely received in a slot or opening 58 formed in the cover 32 and in alignment with the position of a slider. The width of the button 56, as seen in FIG. 9, may be greater or less than shown. The button height is such that the top surface of the button is flush with or slighly below the top surface of the cover 32. As seen in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the top edge of the base side walls 39 are slightly higher than the top surface of the cover. The length of the slider is sized so that the slider may move between two extreme positions for purposes of positioning the slider in an "on" or "off" position. Both the partitions at a switch site and an opening in the cover guide the movement of the slider along a rectilinear path and coact to maintain the slider in alignment with a pair of terminal arms.
Each contactor 34 is cup-shaped and open at the upper end for receiving a spring 35. The spring is bottomed within the cup-shaped member on a shoulder 60 and against a bottom wall 61 of a cavity or blind hole 62 formed in the slider 33. A guide stem 63 formed in the cavity 62 receives the spring 35 to maintain it in properly guided relationship with the contactor 34. Together, the slider and contactor form a slider-contactor subassembly that coacts with a pair of contacts. As above mentioned, when the slider-contactor and spring are in assembled relation, the spring urges the contactor down into engagement with the contacts and the slider up into engagement with the contacts and the slider up into engagement with the underside of the cover 32. The outer free end of the contactor 34 is spherically shaped at 64 for engagement either with both contacts 48 as seen in FIG. 6 to close the circuit of the contacts, or the concave portion 48b of the terminal arm on the right side, at which time the circuit between the contacts is broken and the switch is in "off" position. As the slider moves between "on" and "off" positions, the contactor will ride up and over the convex portion 48a but always be in spring-biased contact with either the one terminal arm or the contact portions of both terminal arms. Moreover, slidable movement of the slider and the contactor between "on" and " off" positions will effect a wiping action to assure a good and reliable electrical contact between the contactor and the contacts and a detenting action will be felt through the slider.
The fit between the contactor 34 and the cavity 62 of the slider is such that the contactor will move freely within the cavity as it rides over the high point of a contact. Because of the depth of the cavity in the slider and the bottoming of the spring 35 adjacent the contacting end of the contactor, the spring length is such as to give long life to the spring and to provide the desired resiliency and spring pressure of the contactor against the contacts. The cavity depth is nearly equal to the height of the slider so that the spring can be received therein and permit the switch to have a low profile. Further, the travel of the slider between the side walls of the base is such that it can slightly overtravel the gap or at least reach the center of the gap when the contactor is moved to closed position in order to allow some wiping on the contacts at the end of the slider travel. Note in FIG. 6 that the slider 33 can be moved slightly more to the left to provide the overtravel function and the wiping of the left-hand contact 48.
As seen particularly in FIGS. 15 and 16, the opposite side edges of the cover 32 are serrated and include a plurality of equally spaced apart guide projections 68 between which are disposed recesses 69 on the top surface which, as will be explained, facilitate the staking of the cover to the base. The guide projections 68 are matingly received in slots 70 formed at the upper edges of the opposed side walls 39 and seat on the bottoms 70a of the slots, thereby disposing the cover at a predetermined position relative to the base. The undersurface of the cover 32 is planar, as seen in FIG. 16, whereby the sliders 33 engage the undersurface when the cover is properly assembled with the base. The opposite edges of the openings 58 are beveled at 71 to facilitate the engagement between an actuating tool and a button on a slider.
While the manner of assembling the cover, sliders, contactors, and springs with respect to the base may vary, it has been found to be satisfactory to dispose the cover in an upside-down relation, place sliders on the cover by inserting the buttons of sliders in the slide openings 58, inserting springs 35 over the guide stem 63 in the cavities 62 of the sliders, telescopically position contactors 34 over the springs, and then bring the base 31 into coacting relation with the sliders and cover until the cover is seated on the recessed shoulders 70a, as particularly illustrated in FIG. 18.
Thereafter, a staking operation is effected to stake the cover to the base by applying a heated tool from the top side of the switch to effectively displace a portion of the upper side walls at 72 into the recesses 69. Removal of the heat allows the material to cool and harden and thereafter lock the cover in place, as particularly illustrated in FIG. 19 and also in FIG. 6. It should be further recognized that the cover could be ultrasonically welded or formed to secure it to the base.
The sliders 33 are uniquely formed so that they may be inserted in the base in opposite position by rotating them 180 degrees so that when the button is disposed at the left-hand end of the slide opening 58, as seen in FIG. 8, the switch will be open by virtue of the contactor being only in contact with the left-hand contact 48. Thus, the cavity may be disposed to position the contactor between the gap or at one of the contacts depending upon contactor orientation. This reversibility feature gives the switch the capability of having adjacent positions tied together such as connecting adjacent sliders with a suitable link to give single or multiple pole, double-throw switching capability and to give a particular position a normally open or normally closed capability. For example, two adjacent sliders with their buttons in the same position may be arranged to have the contactor of one in closed position and the contactor of the other in open position and after which movement of the sliders to the other side of the switch will reverse these conditions. It may be appreciated that any combination or arrangement can be provided with this unique slider contactor construction. Plural sliders may be internally or externally tied together.
As previously mentioned, a switch of the present invention is versatile in that it can be assembled with some different parts to provide multiple pole and throw combinations for a single base. Use of a common base substantially reduces the molding costs and inventory of bases while allowing various multiple pole and throw combinations to be constructed for handling whatever circuit switching requirements that may be desired. While plural slider assemblies may be externally tied, it is preferable to internally tie these slider assemblies as illustrated by the embodiments of FIGS. 20 to 27.
More particularly, a multiple slider, generally designated by the numeral 82, of one type is illustrated in FIGS. 20 to 23 and includes dual slider portions 83 and 84 internally tied together by a tie bar 85 which also serves to ride on a partition 41 of the base 31. As further seen in FIG. 23, each slider portion 83 and 84 includes contactor and spring cavities 83a and 84a which are adapted to receive contactors and springs in the same fashion as in the first embodiment. As seen in FIG. 27, the contactors are designated 83b and 84b. An actuating button 86 extends from the top surface of the multiple slider and through an opening in the cover plate 87. It will be appreciated that the base 31 for the modified slider is identical to that of the earlier embodiment and that the cover plate differs only in the openings provided for receiving the actuating buttons which must be aligned with the position of the buttons as they are disposed in the base, as particularly seen in FIG. 26.
Operation of the multiple slider 82 may be appreciated by referring to FIG. 26 where it appears at the right-hand end of the switch and where the contactor 83b is in normally closed position and the contactor 84b is in normally open position with the actuating button 86 at the upper end of the switch housing and the cover plate opening 82a. Movement of the switch to its other position places contactor 83b in open position relative to the contacts of the base and contactor 84b in closed position. This slider provides a single-pole double-throw combination.
A modified multiple slider 88 is shown in FIG. 24 which differs from the slider 82 only in that the position of the contactor cavities of the sliders are reversed to provide the opposite on-off action that is possible with the slider 82, as best illustrated in FIG. 26. Thus, if it is desired to obtain the switching capability of multiple slider 88, it is only necessary to utilize it at a desired terminal location.
Another version of the multiple slider is illustrated in FIG. 25 and is generally designated by the numeral 90 and which differs from the sliders 82 and 88 in that the cavities for the contactors are in alignment with each other rather than being staggered and for the purpose of providing a double-pole single-throw sliding arrangement, as also illustrated in FIG. 26. It may be seen in FIG. 26 that the position of the multiple slider 90 is such as to open the terminal contacts, and if it is desired to provide normally closed contacts with the actuating button in the same location, that can be accomplished by merely rotating the slider 180 degrees, as illustrated by the multiple slider 90A shown in FIG. 26.
While the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 23 to 25 show only a pair of sliders tied together, it may be appreciated that any number of sliders may be tied together. Another example is shown by the multiple slider 92 illustrated in FIG. 28 which shows three sliders tied together for simultaneously moving three contactors during actuation. The positions of the contactors may take on any desired form whether they all are in alignment or staggered relative to one another depending upon the switching desired for the circuit. It may also be appreciated where more than two sliders are internally tied together, the actuating slot in the cover must be in alignment with the actuating button, and accordingly, a corresponding cover member would be provided. However, the same terminal base assembly would be utilized no matter how many contactors are tied together. Thus, any number of pole and throw combinations can be provided with the present invention while utilizing the same terminal base.
An alternative system of securing the cover to the base involves structuring the cover and that portion of the base which receives the cover such that the cover snap fits into the base, thereby eliminating the need for staking or otherwise securing the cover to the base. An embodiment illustrating this snap-fit arrangement is shown in FIGS. 29 to 34.
Referring first to FIGS. 29 to 33, a cover generally designated by the numeral 94 is shown to be received in snap-fit relation with a base generally designated by the numeral 95. The cover is in the form of a flat plate similar to the cover 32 of the first embodiment and which likewise includes suitable openings 96 for receiving the button actuators of the sliders. Rather than serrating the opposite edges of the cover plate as in the cover plate 32, locking ribs or lips 97 are provided for coaction with locking grooves or slots 98 formed along the inside surfaces of the opposed vertical walls 99 of the base 95, as seen particularly in FIG. 33. While the length of the locking ribs along the opposite edges of the cover plate 94 is illustrated as being substantially less than the total length of the opposite edges, and the ribs are shown in pairs on the opposite edges, it may be appreciated that they may be of any suitable length and any number of ribs may be provided along each edge. This will depend largely on the overall length of the cover plate. In any event, the locking grooves 98 may be of substantially the same length as the locking ribs and disposed to align with the ribs when the cover plate is assembled or they may extend the entire length of the side walls of the base.
The height of the locking ribs 97, as seen particularly in FIG. 32, is less than the overall height or thickness of the cover plate and they are provided with tabs 100 at their upper ends which bend over or are deformed upon insertion in the locking grooves, as seen in FIG. 33, for the purpose of fully filling the grooves and providing a snug fit. The locking grooves are not rectangular in shape since the mold elements for making the base must be removed, and therefore the upper parts of the grooves are provided with an inclined surface to permit mold removal, and it is in that area that the tabs 100 are received to provide the tight fit with the base. In order to facilitate the insertion of the cover into the base, the upper interior edges of the vertical walls 99 are beveled at 99a. It will be appreciated that as the cover plate is inserted into snap-fit relation with the base, the upper ends of the vertical walls will slightly spread apart to allow the locking lips to pass into the grooves 98.
A modified snap-fit cover plate 94A is shown in FIG. 34 which differs from the embodiment of FIG. 3 only in the shape of the tabs 100a. While the tabs 100 are somewhat triangular in cross section, the tabs 100a are more rectangular in cross section. Insertion of the modified cover plate 94A into a base will be accomplished in the same manner as the insertion of the cover plate 94 and wherein the tabs 100a are deformed or break over toward the center of the cover plate and serve to fully fill the locking grooves to provide a tight snap-fit arrangement.
A modified slider contactor unit is shown in FIGS. 35 to 39 wherein the contactor is ball-shaped. Like housing and terminal parts are provided with the same numerals. The slider contactor unit includes a slider 110, a ball-shaped contactor 111, and a helical or coil spring 112. The overall size of the slider is substantially the same as the slider 33, and it may be ganged with other sliders in the same fashion as illustrated with respect to the above described slider contactor unit having the cup-shaped contactor.
The helical spring 112 is shorter than the spring 35 employed in the previous slider contactor unit but otherwise functions in the same manner in that it applies a biasing force between the sldier and the contactor to continually urge the contactor into contact with the terminal elements 46 and the slider into contact with the cover 32. The undulated terminal elements having inclined curvate contact surfaces coact with the ball contactor when it slides thereover in producing a detenting function when the slider is moved between the "on" and "off" positions.
The slider 110 also differs from the slider 33 in that the spring and ball cavity 113 is in the form of a blind hole and the side wall of the cavity provides guidance for the spring 112. Likewise, the ball 111 is slidably and guidably received in the cavity. The spring stabilizing pin is therefore omitted. The spring is bottomed at one end against the blind end of the cavity and at the other end over the ball contactor, as particularly illustrated in FIG. 35. This cavity is slightly deeper than the cavity 62 in the slider 33. Cavity 113 is cylindrically formed and sized together with the diameter of the ball contactor 111 such that, when in assembled relation with respect to the terminal elements, the ball contactor will freely move in the cavity. Further, the dimensions of the slider, the ball and housing cause about one-half of the ball contactor to be received within the cavity when the slider is in a detent position at the "on" or "off" locations with respect to the terminal elements. Moving toward a detent position will cause the ball to depress the spring and slide into the cavity so that the ball can ride over the hump or high point of a terminal element.
Like the slider 33, the cavity is offset relative to the center of the slider whereby the slider may be disposed in either of two positions to enable the switch to be in a normally "on" or "off" position when the button 114 remains at the same position relative to the switch housing and slot in the cover. Thus, depending upon the installation of the slider, it will position the contactor either as shown in FIG. 35 or as illustrated with respect to the slider 33 in FIG. 8. A cavity and coacting slot 115 are provided at the other end of the slider for purposes of assisting in the orientation of the slider during assembly. This orientation slot may also be used in the slider 33 when positioning the cup contactor 34. Otherwise, the construction of the slider is essentially the same as the slider 33 utilizing the cup-shaped contactor, and it may be substituted for the cup-shaped contactor slider unit in the same housing for obtaining the same operation.
The preferable manner of assembling this embodiment is to dispose the base in the upright position, drop the ball contactors into position on the terminal contacts 48, insert the springs into the ball cavities with a small quantity of lubricant to hold them in place, insert the sliders and springs into place on the ball contactors, and then seat and secure the cover into place on the base.
A further modification of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 40 to 50, wherein the terminal elements and the slider differ from those in the preceding embodiments and where a ball contactor is employed as in the embodiment of FIGS. 35 to 39. The base subassembly and the cover remain the same as in the preceding embodiments and, accordingly, where applicable, will be designated by the same legends previously applied.
The terminal elements differ from the previous embodiments in that tracks are defined for guiding the movement of the ball contactor between "make" and "unmake" positions. Although the terminal elements do not appear undulated when comparing the structure of the terminal elements, the tracks are formed to effectively define an undulation so that a detenting action will be provided as the slider drives the contactor between "make" and "unmake" positions. In this respect, the ball contactor, as it moves between "make" and "unmake" positions, must rise over a high point defined along the contactor track, thereby producing a detenting action.
Further, inasmuch as the ball contactor drops into a deeper position between the terminal arms than in the preceding embodiment, in order to enhance driving of the contactor from the "make" to the "unmake" position, the slider is formed with a shovel or scoop element to effectively dig the ball contactor out of the "make" position.
Because the ball contactor sits deeper between the ends of the spaced terminal arms, the vector forces of the ball relative to the terminal elements are greater defining an increased contact force. This enhances the reliability in the "make" position. Further, the track formations of the elements define in the "make" position a four-point contact between the ball contactor and the terminal elements, with a two-point contact for each terminal element, while only a single point contact need be made with each element. This redundancy enhances reliability because if one of the contact points at a terminal becomes contaminated, the other will serve as the backup. Further, the terminal structure with the four-point contact in the "make" position equalizes the balance of forces between the terminals. Not only is the ball centered since it must follow the tracks of the terminals but it also better utilizes the forces of the ball spring.
The terminal lead frame includes serrations and holes on the terminal elements which are locked into the plastic molded base to resist distortion of the terminal elements when forming the terminal leads. The plastic base is molded about the terminals to completely liquid seal the terminals and the inside of the base from the bottom, thereby eliminating the necessity to epoxy seal the bottom of the case.
Referring now to the modification in FIGS. 40 to 50, the switch includes a base subassembly 120, a cover 121, a plurality of slider-contactor units, each of which includes a slider 122, a coil spring 123 and a ball contactor 124. The base subassembly further includes a molded plastic body 125 and a plurality of pairs of terminal elements 126 molded into the plastic body. As in the preceding embodiments, the plastic body 125 together with the cover 121 and sliders 122 are molded from an electrically insulating plastic material. The ball contactors 124 and the terminal elements 126 are formed from a suitable electrically conductive metal and which may also be suitably plated with an electrically conductive metal to enhance conductivity. The coil spring is made of a suitable spring steel.
The drawing illustrations are greatly enlarged as the actual size of the DIP switch is relatively small. For example, the width of the base subassembly is on the order of 0.284 inches, while the height is on the order of 0.154 inches. The length will vary depending upon the number of switch positions. In an eightposition switch the length will be on the order of 0.875 inches. The ball contactors are on the order of 0.052 inches diameter. Further, with respect to the body 125 and the cover 121, they have substantially the same configuration as the body and covers in the preceding embodiments. Similarly, the slider 122 is substantially identical to the slider 110 in the embodiment of FIGS. 35 to 39. Any differences will be referred to hereafter. The spring 123 and the ball 124 are also substantially the same as in the immediately preceding embodiment. While this embodiment only shows a single ball and spring with each slider, it will be appreciated that the slider and plural contactor arrangements illustrated in FIGS. 20 to 26 could also be utilized with the unique terminal elements of this embodiment. Further, the assembly of the cover 121 to the base subassembly 120 may be by any suitable method above referred to.
While the formation of the undulations in the terminal elements in the embodiment of FIG. 35 is accomplished during the molding operation when the mold parts come together, the formation of the terminal elements in this embodiment is done prior to molding the plastic body onto the terminal elements. As seen particularly in FIG. 41, a terminal blank 128 having the terminal elements completely secured is disposed in the molding machine when a molded body 125 is made so that the body is molded around the terminal elements. Thereafter, it is only necessary to cut away the outer support 129 and bend the leads downward as shown in FIG. 40.
As seen in FIG. 43, the terminal blank 128 is preformed prior to the molding process and includes a plurality of sets of terminal elements having terminal arms 129 and terminal leads 130. The terminal arms 129 are formed with apertures 131 and serrations 132 which become embedded in the plastic body during the molding process and serve to lock the terminal arms in the plastic body and prevent any distortion in orientation between the arms when the terminal leads 130 are bent down and formed, as shown in their final position in FIG. 40.
The inner ends of the terminal arms 129 are bent downwardly at 133 whereby the downward extensions 133, being also embedded in the plastic material as are the edges of the terminal arms, are spaced apart to define therebetween a ball contactor seat for the "make" position where the ball contactor engages both terminal arms to effect an electrical circuit therebetween. Each terminal arm includes a ball contactor track 135 which is formed such that engagement by the ball contactor, as shown in FIG. 49, produces a two-point contact between the ball contactor and the terminal arm at 135a and 135b. Thus, the track 135 guides movement of the ball contactor between "make" and "unmake" positions and inhibits lateral movement. As seen particularly in FIG. 48, when the ball contactor 124 is in the "make" position thereby engaging both terminal arms 129, a four-point contact is established between the ball and the terminal arms at 129a, 129b, 129c and 129d. Thus, two-point contact is made with each of the terminal arms, and if one of the contacts is dirty, the other will effect the electrical connection between the ball and the terminal arm. Thus, one contact is redundant when both are operative.
At the outer ends of the tracks 135, a depressed portion, sometimes called a semi-perf in metal stamping and forming parlance, and generally indicated by the numeral 136, provides a seat for the ball contactor in the "unmake" position and which allows the ball contactor to drop below the level of the track 135. As seen in FIG. 50, this has the effect of defining a rise between the "make" and "unmake" positions along the track that produces a detenting action when the switch is actuated and the slider is forced to drive the ball between "make" and "unmake" positions. As noted in FIGS. 48 and 50, the ball in the "unmake" position seats on the circular edge 136a of the depression 136. It will be appreciated that the track 135 extends from the depression 136 along the horizontal portion of the terminal element and along the downwardly extending ends 133. Thus, the ball contactors are guided between "make" and "unmake" positions by the tracks formed on the terminal arms. While it is appreciated that the ball will only move along one of the terminal arms, the arms are made identically so that depending upon the orientation of the slider, the ball contactor will be moving from one side or the other and along one or the other of the terminal arms. As in the other embodiments, the contactor seat between the inner ends of the terminal arms is centrally disposed between the opposite sides of the base subassembly and the terminal arms are of equal length. Further, the ball contactor tends to slide more than roll along the track and which provides a wiping action between the contactor and terminal arm. A slight overtravel is effected in the seated position like the other embodiments to wipe the contacts.
As in the previous embodiments, the cover 121 includes a plurality of apertures 138 for receiving the buttons 139 of the sliders 122 so that the switches can be actuated from the exterior of the switch housing in the same fashion as previously described with the other embodiments. Also, the top surface of the button 139 is flush with or slightly below the top edge of the body, as seen particularly in FIG. 46, and the top surface of the slider sealingly engages the underside of the cover.
The slider further includes a cavity 141 having a bottom wall 141a and a generally cylindrically formed side wall 141b. However, the side wall is somewhat tapered as viewed in FIG. 45 to facilitate the guidance of the spring 123 into the cavity when the switch is being assembled. As seen in FIG. 44, the spring 123 is shown in mounted relation to the slider and where it is disposed within the cavity 141. As seen in FIGS. 46 and 47, the top end of the spring 123 bottoms on the end wall 141a of the slider, while the lower end of the spring bottoms on the ball contactor 124. The lower end of the coil spring 123 defines a circular opening of a diameter less than that of the ball but serves to center on the ball, as illustrated in FIGS. 46 and 47. The length of the spring 123 is such that a downward force is applied to the ball contactor when the ball contactor is in the lowest position, that being in the "make" position between the terminal arm ends. Thus, the spring is always under compression.
A lip or extension 141c extends from the underside of the slider on the side of the cavity most remote from the "make" position of the switch so that it functions to engage the ball contactor at or below the center line when the ball is being driven from "make" to "unmake" position by the slider. As seen particularly in FIG. 47, the lip 141c, because of the force applied against the button 139 of the slider which tends to depress the slider against the force of the contactor spring 123 and slightly cock the slider, as seen in FIG. 47, it causes the lip to effectively scoop or shovel the ball contactor 124 out of the "make" seat to drive it along the track 135 to the "unmake" seat at the depression 136. Thus, the lip assists in moving the ball contactor from the "make" to the "unmake" position.
As seen in FIG. 46, the ball contactor 124 is shown in solid lines in the "make" position and successively in phantom at positions 124a and 124b respectively along the track 135 and at the "unmake" position in the depression 136. Inasmuch as movement of the ball contactor out of the "unmake" position and into the "make" position does not require raising the ball the same amount as when moving the ball out of the "make" position toward the "unmake" position, it is much easier to overcome the seating force to move the slider toward the "make" position. The upper surface of the slider body is bearingly associated with the underside of the cover 121.
It will therefore be appreciated that the features of the embodiment in FIGS. 40 to 50 define a switch having better reliability than other switches. The increased contact force in the "make" position, the use of a coil spring, the guiding of movement of the contactor between "make" and "unmake" positions, and the overall simplicity of the switch modification all contribute to the increased reliability. Also, the structural interaction between the molded plastic body and the terminals which define a liquid seal from the bottom of the switch enhance the reliability by inhibiting the entry of contaminants within the switch casing from the bottom. Further, the redundant contact at the "make" position enhances reliability. Also, the structure of the terminal arms where they are provided with locking means for locking the terminal arms to the plastic body to more positively prevent the displacement of the terminal arms during bending of the terminal leads to their operative position.
While not shown, it can be appreciated that the cup-shaped contactor of the previous embodiment may be used with the unique track formed terminal arms of this embodiment, and which would enhance the guided movement of the contactor between "make" and "unmake" positions.
It will be understood that modifications and variations may be effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the present invention, but it is understood that this application is to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 30, 1939
|Jun 17, 1941
|Stackopole Carbon Company
|Electric switch
|May 20, 1966
|May 9, 1967
|Indak Mfg Corp
|Multi-position electrical switch with improved guide rail and movable contact structue
|Feb 27, 1967
|Apr 16, 1968
|Indak Mfg Corp
|Electrical switch with multiple contact rails
|Jun 12, 1972
|Sep 4, 1973
|Union Corp
|In extreme position slide switch assembly with auxiliary switch deactivated by controller
|Aug 11, 1972
|Feb 12, 1974
|Garrett J
|Microminiature switch construction
|Mar 12, 1975
|Jul 27, 1976
|Societe D'etudes Et De Construction De Materiel Electronique - S.E.C.M.E.
|Switch for a printed or like circuit
|Mar 25, 1975
|Mar 15, 1977
|Amp Incorporated
|Miniature switch with substantial wiping action
|Jul 2, 1976
|Feb 7, 1978
|Erg Industrial Corporation Limited
|Electric slide switch having sliding contact with cleaning action
|Dec 14, 1976
|May 30, 1978
|Amp Incorporated
|Electrical slide switch with self-centering flexible contact
|Mar 25, 1981
|Oct 5, 1982
|Cts Corporation
|Slide and rocker switch assemblies having double cantilevered contactor
|Oct 21, 1980
|Oct 26, 1982
|B/K Patent Development Company, Inc.
|Modular electrical shunts and switches for integrated circuit applications
|Jun 15, 1984
|May 20, 1986
|Grayhill, Inc.
|Machine insertable DIP switch
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 29, 1990
|Nov 12, 1991
|Been-Chiu Liaw
|Tri-state dip switch
|Nov 14, 1994
|Sep 17, 1996
|Prince Corporation
|Vehicle lamp slide switch including detent assembly
|Sep 23, 2002
|Feb 8, 2005
|Bellsouth Intellectual Property Corporation
|Terminal block, bridging clip, and bridging clip strip
|Jul 16, 2004
|Nov 7, 2006
|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc..
|Method of simplifying placement of jumpers using templates
|Jul 16, 2004
|Jan 19, 2006
|Levi Lebo
|Method of simplifying placement of jumpers using templates
|Jul 4, 2014
|Feb 11, 2015
|Fusing machine for producing dip switch
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 17, 1986
Owner name: GRAYHILL, INC., LAGRANGE, ILLINOIS, A CORP OF DELA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:KIKTA, DONALD D.;REGNIER, KENT E.;REEL/FRAME:004531/0216
Effective date: 19860313
|Sep 29, 1987
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 26, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 22, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 30, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 27, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990602


text:
Welcome to La Quinta Inn & Suites Victorville Hesperia Hotel in Hesperia, CA, near the Southern California Logistics Airport. Our convenient location, just off Interstate 15, provides many services for the business and leisure traveler. There are several businesses located near this hotel including Global Access Logistics Center at Southern California Logistics Airport, Southern California Aviation, Boeing Company, General Atomics, TXI Riverside Cement, Wal-Mart Distribution Center, and more.
Pet Policy
Pets stay FREE at La Quinta! Domestic pets, like cats and dogs, are welcome to stay at La Quinta. While rooms are spacious, no more than two (2) domestic pets are allowed per room. Be sure to keep your pets on a leash or in a carrier if they're outside your room. Pets may remain alone in a guestroom so long as the pet is well-behaved. With the exception of authorized service animals, pets are not allowed in the breakfast area, the fitness center and the laundry room or at the pool. If your cat is staying with you, you'll need to provide a litter box.
Features and Amenities
- Free Internet Access
- Free Breakfast
ReservationsBook Online or call 760-949-9900
Address & Contact:
12000 Mariposa Rd
Hesperia, CA 92345
United States
12000 Mariposa Rd
Hesperia, CA 92345
United States

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Lot 197: Painting triptych oil on panel - Landscape with sheep - signed HUBERT V.
Fine art, antiques, collectables, furniture, Toys, jewelry and more
by Monsantic.com
October 23, 2016
Maisieres, Mons, BelgiumLive Auction
Past Lot
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: Tableau tryptique HSP -Paysage avec moutons- signé HUBERT V. panneau central: 48x49cm et 2x 48x21cm cadre en chene
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text:
The Pacifica Quartet and cellist Johannes Moser premiere a new work this fall by composer Julia Wolfe, recently named a 2016 MacArthur Fellow. The cello quintet, Splendid Hopes, was commissioned by Duke Performances at Duke University, the Schubert Club, Portland Friends of Chamber Music, and by Elizabeth and Justus Schlichting for the Segerstrom Center for the Arts.
The Pacifica Quartet and pianist Marc-André Hamelin recently embarked on a successful international tour. The artists were invited to record Leo Ornstein's 1927 Piano Quintet for Hyperion. The much anticipated release is now available. Purchase it here.
On its 20th anniversary tour in Canada, Europe, and Japan this past season, the Pacifica performed a new quartet by Shulamit Ran, a longtime collaborator and colleague from their residency at the University of Chicago. Titled Glitter, Doom, Shards, Memory, the commission was funded by Music Accord, a consortium of presenters from the US, as well as Suntory Hall and Wigmore Hall.


text:
A sign behind the counter claims that unattended children will be given an espresso and a free kitten, but of course little ones are positively welcomed here – a chesterfield in the corner is surrounded by toys and books. Leaflets for kids' classes and a trippy selection of holistic sessions in the Yard rooms out the back underline Gracelands' easy-going vibe. A lively kitchen behind a glass-fronted servery produces some cut-above dishes – fiery jerk chicken with robust sides of rice and peas and coleslaw, oven-roast omelettes – though many opt for salads.
There's also a good range of children's meals, including a pasta swamped with rich cheese sauce; and we were pleased to see Caravan coffee and Camden Town Brewery bottled ale. Curious, then, that the range of cakes, pastries and juices is so scant. First-timers might find the mix of counter and table service awkward – customers are expected to get their cutlery and glasses from the stock by the kitchen.
|Venue name:
118 College Road
|Opening hours:
|Open 8.30am-5pm Mon-Fri; 9am-4.30pm Sat; 9.30am-3.30pm Sun
|Tube: Kensal Green
|Main courses £7-£13
|Do you own this business?


text:
The gallery describes Chadwick, 41, as 'one of Britain's most prominent and provocative artists'. A room is devoted to her most famous work, Piss Flowers; while in Canada, she and a male collaborator pissed in the snow, then made plaster casts of the cavities created. She made the centre of the flower, a long penis-like probe; he made the petals.
There are also dazzling photopieces made by suspending flowers in unlikely liquids. A spray of orchids, for example, in pink windolene and framed in lime jelly. The show opens today and runs to 29 August. From 2 August photopieces will also be exhibited for sale at the Zelda Cheatle Gallery, 8 Cecil Court, London WC2.
- More about:
- Arts
- Chocolate
- Snow
- University Of The Arts London


text: Home > Health > Healthy Living Firefighting A Burning Heart... Literally! Sobiya N Moghul September 20, 2012 Firefighting A Burning Heart... Literally! 3 / 10 X UP NEXT How To Eat More Calories Every Day Cancel http://www.indiatimes.com/health/tips-tricks/how-to-eat-more-calories-every-day-238106.html Prev Next 203138 Prev Next Stick to small mealsA full stomach can put extra pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which will increase the chance that some of this food will reflux into the esophagus. Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly.Stay away from foods such as citrus fruits, chocolate, peppermint, spearmint, tomatoes or tomato-based products, raw onions and garlic. Avoid Fatty or Acidic Foods Certain foods regularly cause discomfort and worsen symptoms in people who have heartburn. Common culprits include oranges, grapefruit, onions, tomatoes and tomato-based sauces, and fried or high-fat foods. (Dietary fat can slow down digestion) Red wine and chocolate also are common causes for heartburn. Eat Early Don't eat within two to three hours before bedtime. Lying down with a full stomach can cause stomach contents to press harder against the LES, increasing the chances of refluxed food. Lose weight Obesity increases abdominal pressure, which can then push stomach contents up into the esophagus. Take a pillow Lying down flat presses the stomach's contents against the LES. With the head higher than the stomach, gravity helps reduce this pressure. You can elevate your head in a couple of ways. You can place bricks, blocks or anything that's sturdy securely under the legs at the head of your bed. You can also use an extra pillow, or a wedge-shaped pillow, to elevate your head. No to Tight BeltsDon't wear belts or clothes that are tight fitting around the waist. Clothing that fits tightly around the abdomen will squeeze the stomach, forcing food up against the LES, and cause food to reflux into the exophagus. Clothing that can cause problems include tight-fitting belts and slenderizing undergarments. Kick the Butt The chemicals in cigarette smoke weaken the LES as they pass from the lungs into the blood. Chuck the Peg Alcohol relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. It also increases the production of stomach acid. If you want to consume alcohol, follow these tips: Dilute alcoholic beverages with water or club soda, drink moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages, drink white wine instead of red, choose light beer or wine whenever you can. Avoid foods and beverages that can trigger reflux of stomach contents. Some foods and beverages increase the risk of reflux by relaxing the LES. These include alcohol; beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea and cola drinks; carbonated beverages; citrus fruits and juices; tomatoes and tomato sauces; chocolate; spicy and fatty foods. Cut back on drinking coffee; citrus juices; and caffeinated, carbonated and alcoholic beverages. Beer and caffeinated beverages—such as coffee, tea and cola—make stomach acids even more irritating if they make their way up the esophagus. < 1 2 3 4 5 > Image 3 / 10 Sobiya N Moghul September 20, 2012 Eat Early Don't eat within two to three hours before bedtime. Lying down with a full stomach can cause stomach contents to press harder against the LES, increasing the chances of refluxed food. trending now How To Eat More Calories Every Day Top 25 Foods To Gain Weight 302 SHARES 9 Funny Fitness Memes 10 Funny Fitness Memes 10 Funny Fitness Memes 2K SHARES 14 Amazing Teas for Weight Loss 2K SHARES 11 Healthy Snacks You Can Add To Your Diet 11 Funny Fitness Memes 2K SHARES PROMOTED STORIES Help This Pastor save his 4-yr-old Daughter!Ad: MilaapBuy men's waterproof shoes @ just $18Ad: AmazonSave 30% on selected under Armour productsAd: AmazonSave 30% on selected Adidas productsAd: AmazonSave 30% on selected Berghaus productsAd: AmazonSave up to 50% on Crosman productsAd: Amazon


text: The Tracer feeds the beast for a fast CX tread for all around riding and racing. This is one tread that covers all courses. The centre knobs provide ample traction. The siped shoulder knobs adapt on hard and loose ground. The Tracer is lightweight which makes it easy to accelerate.> Casing: 260 TPI> Latex Inner Tube> Compound: 60a> 700 x 33; psi 30-90Check stock and price


text:
The new KitchenAid Pro Line 16-Cup Food Processor can dice food hands-free, and includes a lever to adjust slicing thicknesses. It comes with a 4-cup mini bowl with S blade, a 10-cup prep bowl, a dual shredding disc, a large S blade, a dough blade, and a spatula.
Full Story:CNET


text:
The CR-78 is the god of rhythm boxes, and has been used by everyone from Phil Collins to Blondie, Jimmy Edgar to Todd Terje, (and too many 90s Techno tracks to count). Metallic percussion, warm analog kicks, crisp 808-ish snares, and some of the smoothest hi hats of all time.
Many of the CR-78 samples out there are lacking in sound quality, and it's rare to even find 24bit versions. A low quality sample is an uphill battle. So, to create this pack, I processed the machine through a 100% analog, class A signal path, straight to tape, and through an extremely accurate converter.


text:
Antony Beevor's magisterial survey of the Second World War is like that great conflict itself: utterly out of scale in length and complexity, emotionally shattering in examples of suffering and cruelty, and yet an achievement for those who persevere, knowing that they have reached the end and may be the better for it. -- Michael R. Marrus
In the Shadow of the Sword
The Birth of Islam and the End of the Ancient World,
by Tom Holland,
Little, Brown
Holland admirably focuses on the birth of Islam during late antiquity and traces its emergence as a political and cultural force in the "subsoil of the ancient Near East." He combines vivid prose with impeccable narrative timing and a wonderfully dry wit in disentangling for the general reader what, to modern ears, are very strange geo-political realities. -- Patrick Keeney
The Rise of the New Global Super-rich and the Fall of Everyone Else,
by Chrystia Freeland,
Doubleday Canada
In her book about the rise of the super-wealthy, Chrystia Freeland focuses not on the lifestyles of the rich and fatuous, but on the societally corrosive effects of growing income inequality. Freeland's analysis of this problem is rich and worthwhile, and admirably free of St. Tropez helicopter glam shots. -- Paul Kedrosky
Leonardo and The Last Supper
By Ross King,
Bond Street Books
The latest in Ross King's series of books on Italian Renaissance masterpieces and their makers recently won the Governor-General's Award for non-fiction. Its a fine, swashbuckling testament to the spell this artist and this artwork cast over his contemporaries and has continued to cast over Western minds for the past 500 years. -- John Bentley Mays
Survival of the Beautiful
Art, Science and Evolution.
by David Rothenberg,
In his embroiling meditation on art in nature and art for us, David Rothenberg sets Jackson Pollock against the peacock's tail, performance artists against colour-morphing squid. It is a wonderful project, insofar as it shakes us out of our complacent notions about evolution on the one hand and art on the other. -- William Bryant Logan
Sex, Scandal, and Suffering Behind the Symbol of Perfection,
by Deirdre Kelly,
If this book was commissioned as a result of The Black Swan effect, Globe and Mail writer Deirdre Kelly certainly delivered in the line of brief lives en pointe. Her best read like those superior program essayettes. Her entry on the most tragic, and gifted, Emma Livry, is almost a ballet libretto. -- Veronica Horwell
Solar Dance
Genius, Forgery, and the Crisis of Truth in the Modern Age,
by Modris Eksteins,
Knopf Canada
Modris Eksteins's subtle and engaging account of how Vincent van Gogh came to be strangled by his own success bestows a great gift: new strangeness. In 56 short sections, each linked to a van Gogh work, he interweaves the large fabric of culture, politics and money with the small, pedestrian tale of a man arrested in 1927 for offering 30 forged van Goghs for sale. -- Mark Kingwell
Religion for Atheists
A Non-believer's Guide to the Uses of Religion,
by Alain de Botton,
This wonderfully provocative book is an extended sermon on the truth that if God did not exist we would have to invent him – with the rider that He didn't, so we did. But de Botton longs to have it both ways, combining the rationalism and secularism of science with the consolations and moral groundedness of religion. -- Clifford Orwin
Turing's Cathedral
The Origin of the Digital Universe,
by George Dyson,
George Dyson argues, in his electrifying contribution to intellectual history, that John von Neuman set the course for the entwined engineering and scientific voyages that begat the most critical advances in the digital universe, nuclear weapons, genetics, cosmology and meteorology. The book is suffused with insight, quirks and hilarity, rendering it more than just a great book about science. It's a great book, period. -- Douglas Bell
The Righteous Mind
Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion,
by Jonathan Haidt,
PantheonReport Typo/Error
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text:
A political turf war seem to be raging between unknown forces in Edo State. The Deputy Governor, Dr. Pius Odubu, seem to be the bull eye for these vicious attacks.
Dr. Pius had declared his interest to replace Comrade Adams Oshiomhole; the current Governor of Edo State. Not surprisingly, his declaration has been greeted with political intrigues and maneuvers. Surprisingly, the People's Democratic Party in Edo State welcomed Dr. Pius intention to succeed Governor Adams Oshiomhole.
It commended Dr. Odubu for "courage and temerity exhibited by officially declaring his intentions to vie for the office of Governor under the All Progressive Congress (APC) platform. Dr. Pius Odubu deserves commendation for his refusal to be blackmailed and cowed out of the race."
A week ago, allegations were rife in Benin City, Capital of Edo State. The allegations levelled against Dr. Pius was that the Deputy Governor sponsored native doctors to kill Governor Adams Oshiomhole. Dr. Pius swiftly rejected the claims saying that, "As a devout Catholic, I will not do anything that is unbecoming of a true Christian in the name of politics. God knows that I never had any pact with any witch/native doctor to kill anyone or avenge for me and I will never condescend to that extent as long as God lives.
News of imminent impeachment of the Deputy Governor was circulated in Edo State too. However, the All Progressives Congress (APC) on Wednesday reacted to the alleged plot. According to a statement by the state publicity secretary of the party, Comrade Godwin Erhahon, "Our attention has been drawn to the rife speculation of plot by some forces to instigate the Edo State House of Assembly to impeach the State Deputy Governor, Dr. Pius Odubu.
"But Spurious as the rumor is, we are unable to ignore it because APC is very sure that the Comrade Governor Adams Oshiomhole appreciates the unalloyed loyalty of his amiable Deputy, Dr. Odubu, and as such has no hands in such plot even when they differ on who succeeds him or how such successor should emerge.
"Comrade Oshiomhole is reputed for his tolerance of opposition in any contestation and his self-confidence and courage to challenge and defeat his opponent through superior arguments and conventional strategy.
"Therefore, any attempt to link our Comrade Governor with such vicious strategy as impeachment of a loyal Deputy for the purpose of disabling him in his governorship ambition can only come from enemies of peace and progress who are bent on causing disaffection between the duo of the Governor and his amiable Deputy.
On the heels of these political wrangling, the Deputy Governor of was attacked by unknown gunmen. The attack took place at the secretariat of the All Progressives Congress in Auchi. The attack took place a few minutes after Governor Adams Oshiomhole and Odubu left a party organized by Damian Lawani, representative of the Estako Central Constituency in the House of Assembly.
Five of his security operatives were injured in the attack. Those injured were said to include policemen and operatives of the Department of State Services. Six delegates and three security details attached to Dr. Pius are reported to be in critical conditions.
Adams Oshiomhole is yet to react to the attack.


text:
Descobreixi els barris de Kyaikhtiyo
Kyaikhtiyo is located in southeastern Myanmar, near the city of Yangon. The best way to reach the town is by bus or train from the nearby Yangon, arriving at Golden Rock Base Camp. A picturesque small town, Kyaikhtiyo is a favorite destination for mountain trekkers and travelers who enjoy camping and mountain climbing, as well as being a pilgrimage site for many religious visitors.
The biggest attraction in this town is the large golden rock that seems to be balancing on a cliff by some miracle. The Golden Rock, as it is commonly known, is the most important landmark of this area, and even the mountain leading up to the peak is named after this golden rock. There is a Buddhist pagoda that hangs precariously over the rock, and the site is an important pilgrimage for devotees of the Buddhist faith. The religious belief is that the rock is being held in place by a single strand of Buddha's hair.
Although there's very little else to this town, international travelers have figured out that it has a lot to offer to the patient and active traveler. For this reason and because of the religious significance, the town sees a large number of visitors every year. There are several hotels near the Golden Rock, and around the town. Travelers looking to save some money on accommodations will find their most affordable options are clustered around the small Kin Pun Sakhan Village, while the more expensive and exclusive hotels are located along Golden Rock Mountain Road, at a higher elevation.
Find out where the rest of the hotels, attractions, and must-see destinations of Ulaanbaatar can be found by exploring the interactive map on this page.


text:
Sheridan Wyoming Golf Courses
|Kendrick Golf Course
|Powder Horn Ranch & Golf Club, The
|Sheridan Country Club
Featured Golf Course Review:
|Powder Horn Ranch & Golf Club, The -- Visiting Golfer
|Review by: Jayson
|The view of the Big Horn mountains and the wondering streams make this course a must for anyone who is in the Norther Wyoming area. The layout is outstanding and the people very friendly. Do yourself a favor and visit this jewel.
|From Indiana
Golf Courses: Additional Golf Course Reviews:
|White Mountain Golf Course -- Hey
|Review by: Alfred
|Good Course should play it.
|From Juva Ne USa


text:
Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/forum.php)
- Freshwater and Tropical Fish (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/freshwater-tropical-fish/)
- - Adding Gravel (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/freshwater-tropical-fish/adding-gravel-59141/)
Adding Gravel
I have a 36" x 14" x 24" tank and have been running this tank for over a month with 5 Oranda goldfish
(approx size 3 inches each). The thing is the tank is empty in terms of gravel or decorations.
So my question is how do i go about adding new gravel and decorations without putting too much stress on the fish?? Do i take all the fish out into a separate bucket with the tank water, and decorate the main tank, let the water filter for awhile then put the fish back in the main tank??
Thanks in advance!!
That sounds good to me. They won't be in the bucket for very long so it shouldn't be a problem.
That sounds like a good plan, just make sure you rinse the gravel and decorations well before adding them ;-)
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by Duncan Larkin, Published Oct. 24, 2011, Updated Oct. 25, 2011 at 9:31 AM UTC
One doctor found a way to make use of the heavy piece of metal.
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This website lists predictions on the odds of drawing an Oregon controlled hunt tag.
If you spot a typo or other anomaly, please send me an email.
Here is a quote from a thread on Ifish talking about Oregon's controlled tag draw odds. It is a great point and is something all of us should consider...
"...then you also have to remember that anything that changes numbers or public perception of a hunt can totally change the accuracy of the prediction... As an example, I saw a tag last year for a unit where my wife has hunted that had a downward trend in applicants, and Ron's algorithm predicted that the trend would continue and all first-choice applicants would draw. I looked a little more and guessed that at some point people would realize that this tag was easy to draw and more people would apply. Sure enough, they did. Ron's math and the trend were right, but they can't account for the human element of changing perceptions of the hunt."


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Record Broken!
See Current
Most Pieces Of Paper Torn In One Minute
Angie Khumalo
Be the first to like this record
Johannesburg, RSA, Gauteng, South Africa / August 10, 2010
Grant and Anele show newsreader Angie Khumalo ripped 41 pieces of paper in one minute. The record was set live on 5FM in Johannesburg, South Africa.
NOTE: Please recycle if you attempt to beat this record.
- must rip each piece separately
- must use 8 1/2 x 11 paper
- must use paper meant for recycling
- must tear each piece into two pieces
- must use 8 1/2 x 11 paper
- must use paper meant for recycling
- must tear each piece into two pieces
David Klausa
Looks like you still count pieces you only tore a corner off of. So it's not necessary to start the rip on one short side and end it on the other short side? Man, this is a tempting one to try to beat...LIKE · REPLY response to previous attempt
41 pieces *
* Note, not the current world record
History (6)
liamkoski on 2/11/201334
JasmineSmith on 3/3/201270
AlexanderDnimreven on 9/29/201041
AngieKhumalo on 8/10/201034
PeterCraig on 7/17/201028
EliGreen on 4/4/2009


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Need site for Photography artist
This project received 9 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $215 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids9
Project Description
Hi, I need simple yet elegant site for a Photography artist - basically a place to show the portfolio, with nice home page scrolling banners, mouse over effects on portfolio images, along with few other standard links and a contact us form. The Social media icons to be placed either in header or footer. Also need and ADMIN interface to enable to upload images, change them, change the content, etc...
Please mention which platform you will be using, also send me similar examples that you have done. Need this to be done within 7 to 10 days from the date of release of order.
Domain name and Hosting server has been finalized
warm regards
Skills Required
Looking to make some money?
- Set your budget and the timeframe
- Outline your proposal
- Get paid for your work
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- Forbes
- The New York Times
- Time
- Wall Street Journal
- Times Online


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Consistent Trade Policy Aggregation
Most empirical policy work requires the aggregation of policies. Trade policy aggregation exemplifies the aggregation problem poignantly, with thousands of highly dispersed trade barriers. This paper provides methods of policy aggregation that are consistent with two common objectives of empirical work. One is to preserve real income. The other is to preserve the real volume of activity in the parts of the economy being aggregated. Both objectives must be achieved for consistent multi-country policy modeling. An application to India shows that the standard atheoretic method of aggregation overstates India's real income by around 3 times the global gains from free trade.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|May 2008
|Publication status:
|published as James E. Anderson, 2009. "Consistent Trade Policy Aggregation," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 50(3), pages 903-927, 08.
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Phone: 617-868-3900
Web page: http://www.nber.org
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Lawrence H. Goulder & Roberton C. Williams III, 2003. "The Substantial Bias from Ignoring General Equilibrium Effects in Estimating Excess Burden, and a Practical Solution," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(4), pages 898-927, August.
- James E. Anderson & J. Peter Neary, 2005. "Measuring the Restrictiveness of International Trade Policy," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262012200.
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Based in The Cotswolds, The Wedding Commission specialises in bespoke wedding cutlery and silverware.
As the sister company of the award winning Cutlery Commission, we have huge experience of producing personalised silver plated wedding cutlery, gifts and favours.
All of our silverware is hand stamped and made to order to the exact specification of the bride & groom. From the proposal, to the Top Table cutlery, to the cutting of the cake, we endeavour to make beautiful handcrafted keepsakes that will create a WOW factor for any wedding on any budget.


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Invaluable cannot guarantee the accuracy of translations through Google Translate and disclaims any responsibility for inaccurate translations.
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Lot 163A: HAMPSHIRE POTTERY LOTUS BOWL
November 6 Estate Auction
by Butterscotch Auction Gallery LLC
06 November 2016
Bedford Village, NY, USALive Auction
Looking for the realised and estimated price?
Description: green and yellow, with Emoretta mark, h. 3 d. 10 in.
Condition Report: [surface abrasions on interior]
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text: Lego Architecture Exhibit Is Made of 15,500,000 Lego BricksJesus Diaz4/06/12 7:40pmFiled to: ArchitectureNational Building MuseumlegoLego16EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink If you're going to Washington D.C. before September 3, you can't miss the Lego Architecture exhibition at the National Building Museum. They just added three new iconic buildings to the 15 already in existence. They are huge! These three new models took a combined 641 hours to create. The entire exhibit includes the Chicago Spire, the Burj Khalifa, my beloved Frank Lloyd Wright Fallingwater, the John Hancock Center and the Empire State Building, all with amazing detail and scale. [NBM]Reply16 repliesLeave a reply


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Professor Emeritus of Integrative Arts
The Pennsylvania State University
Office Phone: (215) 8817473 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dr. Mills leads the discussion The Meteor:The Rise and Fall of Mario Lanza WHYY TV Y ARTS, May 7,2008,9 PM,Comcast Channel 241
Moylan C . Mills is Professor Emeritus of Integrative Arts at the Pennsylvania State University where he teaches film, theater and popular culture courses at Penn State's Abington College. Dr. Mills is the former Head of Penn State's Department of Integrative Arts and former Director of Academic Affairs and interim Chief Executive Officer for Abington College. He received his doctorate from the University of Pennsylvania.
リモワ ホワイト リモワ ルフトハンザモデル リモワ 安い リモワ 別注 リモワ 店舗 東京 リモワ 林五 リモワ 評判 リモワ 限定色 リモワ 新宿 リモワ 修理 並行輸入 リモワ 札幌 リモワ 直営店 リモワ 中古 販売 日本 Rimowa Alukoffer Rimowa Cheap Rimowa Luggage Jal リモワ Koffer Rowena Pilotenkoffer Rimowa Renova Koffer Rimova Luggage Rimowa Aluminium Koffer Rimowa Business Rimowa Hong Kong Airport Rimowa Karriere Rimowa Koffer Alu Rimowa North America Inc Rimowa Price Hong Kong Rimowa Salsa 73 Rimowa Salsa Trolley Rimowa Store Locator Rimowa Tokyo リモワ トパーズ Dr Mills has written extensively on film, literature, and theater, most recently on Irish films for the essay collection Contemporary Irish Cinema and on South American films and religious philosophy for JAISA:The Journal of the Association for Interdisciplinary Studies in the Arts. He is a member of the editorial review board for JAISA. His essay on musical theater was recently published in The Artworld and Its Audience.He has received the Lindback and Amoco Awards for excellence in teaching.
Dr Mills lectures on film, theater and popular culture for the Pennsylvania Humanities Council, the Jewish Community Centers of Greater Philadelphia, and Arcadia University Dr. Mills is a project evaluator for the Pennsylvania Humanities Council and for the National Endowment for the Humanities. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Abington Art Center and a former member of the Board of Directors of the Eastern Montgomery County Branch of the American Red Cross.
Dr. Mills is the former president of the Pennsylvania Division of the American Association of University Professors.


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This great Gym Sack from PUMA is an absolute must-have for all young fans of Superman, the Man of Steel. Superman and PUMA-branded cape. Superman and PUMA badge on front. Drawstring closure.
Thank you for visiting Puma Superman Cape Gym Sack on shoppingfind.co.uk
We bring the products from many websites to one website for you to search, save and compare.


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If you thought the film Arachnophobia was the scariest thing you've seen - probably best to stop reading now.
A spider has been discovered that crafts a fake spider from leaves and dead insects within its web.
Scientists believe this is to act as a decoy to "confuse or distract predators".
Believed to be a new species in the genus Cyclosa found in the Peruvian Amazon, it is suspected this behaviour in spiders hasn't been reported before.
So spiders can build their own silky web to trap victims, produce venom to paralyse and kill their prey before consuming and trick predators with a home-made decoy? Not to mention the eight legs.
Here are the five of the most deadly spiders in the world:
1. The Redback - most people suffer infections and fever from a bite, but more severe attacks will result in seizures, coma and respiratory failure
2. The Funnel-Web - they have large fangs and will attack multiple times
3. The Brazilian Wandering - named by the 2010 Guinness World Records as the most venomous spider in the world
4. The Brown Recluse - its venom causes the afflicted flesh to rot and fall away
5. The Black Widow - the most famous of the arachnids eats its mate after sex
- More about:
- Brazil
- Guinness World Records
- Insects
- Invertebrates
- Latin America
- Peru
- Scientists
- South America


text:
SYK Cleaning
End Of Tenancy Cleaning, House Cleaners, Tenancy Cleaning
Our end of tenancy cleaning service is thorough and of the highest quality.
Our teams work only with the best equipment there is on the market and the cleaning materials are harmless for people and the environment but are extra efficient. Our cleaners undergo extensive training, which gives them the knowledge they need to clean all types of furniture, carpets, appliances, windows, etc. We are fully insured and guarantee our customers 100% satisfaction or the money back.
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10 Greatest Rock Keyboardists / PianistsKeyboardists were chosen for their skill, creativity, influence,
impact, musical depth & expression, and lasting popularity in 'Rock' music.
The Top Ten
HOW IS FREDDIE MERCURY (great singer but not a very good pianist) ABOVE THE KING OF THE KEYBOARD HIMSELF! Seriously just listen to karn evil 9, tarkus, take a pebble, the three fates, the endless enigma & hang on to a dream and you'll see why he's easily the greatest keyboardist of all time. You ask any keyboardist and they will tell you he is easily the greatest keyboardist/pianist of all time. Plus he obviously influenced jordan rudess, if you listen closely there's snatches of tarkus in his playing.
The greatest Rock keyboardist, and with very little competition. "Karn Evil Nine", The Piano Concerto, "Tarkus", "Three Fates", "Take a Pebble", "Fugue", "Blues Variations" (or anything of Pictures at an Exhibition for that matter), the man is a monster.
Keith Emerson God Rest his soul was without a doubt the greatest keyboard player ever. I am very very sad and to have lost him and he will never ever be replaced. As a keyboard player influence to me throughout my whole life. Rest in peace my brother. Dominick lento Philadelphia PA
The greatest!V 30 Comments
Wright practically invented the combination of sound effects and music into something never since rivaled, great gig in the sky, and various keyboard and effects throughout pipers at the gates of dawn are more than enough to rate him as the single greatest innovator of all time, especially considering his work integrating surround sound at the Games of May
How can I say.. Richard was that piece of paper that Gilmour, Waters and Mason were performing and writing their notes. HE was creating all the atmosphere behind, that background filled with hidden keyboad notes. Richard was as important as Gilmour and Waters. Plus, he was much more dedicated to the band that them, and never went to court for song rights. Anyway, I think he deserves better ranking. This is unfair.
Roger writes great lyrics, Nick is amazing at percussion, David is one of the greatest guitar players of all time, Syd was an amazing innovator, but the true Pink Floyd sound came from this man. Rick Wright wrote amazing melodies and created awesome effects and textures that made Pink Floyd shine above other rock bands. Also he is very underrated as a singer.
RIP Rick WrightV 30 Comments
It was a rare alignment of the solar system, somehow, Deep Purple had the greatest keyboardist (Jon Lord) the greatest lead guitarist ( Ritchie Blackmore) and one of the greatest lead vocalists ( Ian Gillian) of all time...
Jon could play it all, he matched every guitar solo by blackmore, and that says a lot.
Great hands, Great composer, amazing soloing abilities and most of all, his organ has a distinguished sound that tells him apart from other Keyboardists
Simply the best - he basically invented rock keyboard. Listen to child in time!
Rudess, Emerson and Wright are also great - these are my personal "big four"!
Composes classical music, invents/creates both new electronic instruments and software packages... AND plays as well as anyone who has ever stroked the electric keys... Listen to your favorite keyboardist and THEN check out some of the videos online of Jordan playing... And weep... ;0)
Rudess is a monster. He's fast, technical, melodic and will do things with a keyboard that will put a smile on your face. He's crazy, but also a complete genius in this field. Emerson might be your hero, but Rudess will always be the God of Keyboards.
Rudess is a complete genius! No one can even match his technical ability! He is the number 1 for sure!
Think he is the best living keyboardist.V 7 Comments
He is just a magician with his hands. A virtuose. A great composer too, although here we vote for the better pianist. He, Jon Lord and Ray Manzarek are the best. Although I think of Lord and Manzarek as batter musicians, because their orchestration skills are better, Rick is the top notch pianist of them all. Lord is the maestro, Ray is the pioneer and the dreamer and Rick is the VIRTUOSO
In my opinion, Yes is underrated Progressive Rock Band, and while I think Keith Emerson is the all time greatest keyboard player ever, I need to show the keyboard player from my 5th favorite band ever some love. I mean have you heard the keyboard from the song Roundabout!
This was close between Kieth Emerson and Rick Wakeman for me. But I am listening to Rick's version of Starship Trooper of his Fields of Green. Amazing. Keith's new version of Fanfare for the Common Man of his Three Fates Project is a close second.
There is no competition! Wakeman's range of classical, jazz and rock influences makes him the best all time rock keyboardist.
He is also the most colourful of characters!
Ray deserves much of the credit for the Door's success. Ray was classically trained and he fused the unique style of the doors. He played bass with keyboard to help keep time with his left hand while he completed the beat with his right hand. Ray is unique and underappreciated among keyboardist's...
Ray should be waay upper. The way he combined the renaissance music with rock to create one of the biggest psychedelic experiences. The Doors were about three things: Astonishing vocals from Morrison, weird Robby Krieger solos, and, most of all, Manzarek's keyboards. A very intelligent musician, you just listen to Break on Through, or Light My Fire, or The End. Also he wrote great compositions.
The music that he created is not only pleasurable but also creates a particular color in our subconscious mind and indescribable combination of feelings of euphoria and melancholy. Manzarek is unsurpassed keyboardist and my great role model.
Ray was amazing; simply unreal the way he played with both hands. He was the backbone of The Doors and my vote for best keyboardist ever.V 20 Comments
Too many people vote with their hearts and not with their minds. Tony Banks IS the quintessential keyboardist in rock music. Volumes could be written on the man. He has an understanding of music and all its various and sundry components, and translates it in a way that makes ones tears runnel down their cheeks, cascade off their chin, and pool upon the floor. It is a true privilege to watch the Master at his work.
A very tasteful and underrated player - more of an ensemble player than your average Prog keyboardist, some of his work in Genesis (both in the Gabriel and Collins era) is magnificently intelligent and professional.
Better songwriter than Emerson, including #1 prog masterpiece, Firth of Fifth.
Maybe he is not very fast and technical, but he is the best composer I know and created the best melodies I've ever heard, just listen to suppers ready, one for the vine, mad man moon, carpet crawlers, the cinema show, entangled or heathaze.V 10 Comments
In the light, your time is gonna come, no quarter and somethin' else (Eddie Cochran cover). These are just a few examples of jonsey's genius.
If anyone's heard live versions of Thank You, this guy would be in the top 5, or at least higher than Freddie Mercury. (Nothing against Freddie, but this guy was better)
Just listen to no quarter once and you know he's the best, if I didn't know better I'd say he's better on the keyboard than the bass, he's incredible
Not only top 10 keyboard, top 10 bass also.V 1 Comment
This list is comical. Freddie mercury above a twentieth ranked elton, who is unmatched on piano in rock history. Who needs rodney dangerfield for laughs when all I need to do is look up one of these ridiculous lists. !
Terrible and delusional list by an obviously unqualified group of fans--not musicians or those with any musical knowledge! Elton is the greatest rock pianist and according to van cliburn( you know,the greatest classical pianist of all time --he won the prestigious Tchaikovsky piano tourney in Moscow in 1957 before an all soviet judging panel) who stated and I quote " that elton john fellow is the finest improvisational player I've ever heard! His mastery of irregular and difficult chords and his alacrity of playing these sets while singing is nothing short of incredible! enough said!
Elton should be number one if you go by what they said the criteria is but then again does Elton care? He is still at the top of his game, selling out concerts, top 10 CDs while the rest of theses guys on the list are just a footnote and GONE.
My top 5, in no particular order, all are great for different reasons:Elton JohnRick WakemanKeith EmersonBilly JoelDennis DeYoungV 1 Comment
Are you kidding me. He plays 5 keyboards at a time and improvises each show! Amazing technique and playing. Plus Memphis is a piece of work. I dare anyone to play that piece as well as him as well some other piano versions of the full rock band songs!
Yep I am big bon jovi fan and David has skills you would never believe he is truly amazing.
What an amazing man. So talented. There really is no competition. Hand him the prize now.
Very talented keyboardistV 6 Comments
The Contenders
The piano on "Don't stop me now" bohemian rhapsody and somebody to love, you're sleep he's number one in vocals and top with elton john for piano skill
Underrated pianist. He played by his own rules. - FredRogBriJoQueen
Top 2 in vocals now top 3 in piano ¿
I can say that Freddie is a great musician who ever live before. Id like to learn to play piano too and try to play bohemian rhapsody first...
Mr Mercury's top ten should be for best voices in Rock and Roll or Best
Rocked unitards ever, until David Lee Roth wore his
A unique style, completely different from Wakeman's, a cleaner player on another note. I love Rick but guys like Moraz or Emerson are much technically profficient. Rick will always throw in a bad note during his keyboard licks. Emerson is near perfection. Same for Moraz. But my truest idol is Tony Banks.
Exceptional contribution in Yes album Relayer and great talent live in the Relayer tour. Made us nearly forget about Rick!V 1 Comment
Seriously under rated keyboard player. Heavily stylised, very much in the mould of Ray Manzarek. Seriously adept at extended solo runs up and down the keyboard. Take a listen to Down in the Sewer from the first album to get an idea of this man's talent.
Listen to Waltzinblack, a beautifully constructed and slightly hypnotic piece by this man.V 1 Comment
Should have been rated much higher one of the most talented musician ever Traffic one of the best bands as well as Blind Faith, Spencer Davis...
Damn right he should be in the top three. Winwood may well be the most gifted overall musician on the planet.V 3 Comments
He was an artistic genius with his band Zinc and The Green Album, but he earned his spurs playing for frank Zappa
Dick Sims is certainly THE BEST! His playing is styled impeccably and he was a natural from birth. I don't see Dick as number 20 on here! He is the ONLY NUMBER ONE... THE BEST OF THE BEST! Dick could play anything beautifully. I could hang on every chord and float in the clouds listening... Yes it's DICKEY SIMS!
There is no other like Him Dick was the, that's probably why Eric clapton choose Dick to play with Him for ten years!
Dick Sims was the best! Eric Clapton was lucky to have Dick as long as he did... RIP Dick, your well missed on this planet!
He was so good on those bass pedals too. as good as with his hands on keys and together he put it down in the pocket perfect DUDE!V 8 Comments
Just listen to chest fever. A more epic organ solo has not been done!
This guy is a master and very fast. - Metal_Treasure
Recommended Lists
Related ListsBest Rock n Roll Pianists Best Progressive Rock Keyboardists Best Rock Bands of All Time Best Rock Drummers Best Japanese Rock Bands
List StatsUpdated 20 Feb 2017
82 listings
5 years, 211 days old
Top Remixes (9)
2. Rick Wakeman (Yes)
3. Jordan Rudess (Dream Theater)
2. Richard Wright (Pink Floyd)
3. Dizzy Reed
2. John Paul Jones (Led Zeppelin)
3. Freddie Mercury (Queen)
View All 9


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Founded in 1976 by George and Candy Gialamas, The Gialamas Company specializes in Class A Commercial Real Estate. For 40 years, The Gialamas Company has brought its real estate development, brokerage, leasing and building management expertise to the City of Madison and the State of Wisconsin. Our premier development, Old Sauk Trails Park, is one of the most prestigious business parks in Wisconsin; containing numerous office buildings supplemented by restaurants, hotels, financial institutions, a childcare facility and a walking/jogging trail system.
The Gialamas Company's fully integrated in-house staff and maintenance team, combined with our distinct knowledge and experience, ensures the highest level of service in all facets of the company.
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text: Listen Audio 4:28 Call for meat to be removed from jails ABC Rural Kathleen Calderwood Tue Feb 04 14:33:57 EST 2014 People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have written to jails around the country requesting the remove meat from the menu. Campaign coordinator Claire Fryer says the moved is inspired by Sheriff Joe Arpaio in Arizona. However, accredited dietician Tim Stewart says meat is an important part of a balanced diet. Share Email Facebook Twitter