text:
Measurement of alveolar derecruitment in patients with acute lung injury: computerized tomography versus pressure–volume curve
DOI: 10.1186/cc4956
© Lu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
Received: 22 February 2006
Accepted: 23 May 2006
Published: 22 June 2006
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)-induced lung derecruitment can be assessed by a pressure–volume (P–V) curve method or by lung computed tomography (CT). However, only the first method can be used at the bedside. The aim of the study was to compare both methods for assessing alveolar derecruitment after the removal of PEEP in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome.
P–V curves (constant-flow method) and spiral CT scans of the whole lung were performed at PEEPs of 15 and 0 cmH2O in 19 patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Alveolar derecruitment was defined as the difference in lung volume measured at an airway pressure of 15 cmH2O on P–V curves performed at PEEPs of 15 and 0 cmH2O, and as the difference in the CT volume of gas present in poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions at PEEPs of 15 and 0 cmH2O.
Alveolar derecruitments measured by the CT and P–V curve methods were 373 ± 250 and 345 ± 208 ml (p = 0.14), respectively. Measurements by both methods were tightly correlated (R = 0.82, p < 0.0001). The derecruited volume measured by the P–V curve method had a bias of -14 ml and limits of agreement of between -158 and +130 ml in comparison with the average derecruited volume of the CT and P–V curve methods.
Alveolar derecruitment measured by the CT and P–V curve methods are tightly correlated. However, the large limits of agreement indicate that the P–V curve and the CT method are not interchangeable.
Reducing tidal volume during mechanical ventilation decreases mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1]. However, selecting the right level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) remains a difficult issue [2, 3]. A recent multicenter randomized trial failed to demonstrate a decrease in mortality when a high PEEP was applied to patients with ARDS [3]. Several studies using computed tomography (CT) have suggested that the right level of PEEP should be selected according to the specific lung morphology of each individual patient, taking into consideration not only the potential for recruitment but also the risk of lung overinflation [2, 4–7].
In the early 1990s, Ranieri and colleagues suggested that PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment could be measured from pressure–volume (P–V) curves [8]. Based on the physiological concept that any increase in lung volume at a given static airway pressure is due to the recruitment of previously nonaerated lung regions, PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment was defined as the increase in lung volume at a given airway pressure measured on P–V curves performed in PEEP and zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) conditions [9, 10]. The recruited volume measured by the P–V curve method was then found to be correlated with the increase in arterial oxygenation [9, 11]. In the late 1990s, the validation of the constant flow method for measuring P–V curves [12] gave the possibility of measuring alveolar recruitment more easily at the bedside [13–15]. Consequently, the P–V curve method became a technique widely accepted by clinical researchers for assessing alveolar derecruitment [15–17]. However, this method has never been compared with another independent method. Another critical question is whether the P–V curve method can differentiate recruitment from (over)inflation.
Recently, Malbouisson and colleagues proposed a CT method for assessing PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment [18]. Alveolar recruitment was defined as the volume of gas penetrating into poorly aerated and nonaerated lung areas after PEEP. With this method, a good correlation was found between PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment and improvement of arterial oxygenation. The CT method, although considered by many as a gold standard, cannot be performed routinely and repeated easily because it requires the patient to be transported outside the intensive care unit.
We undertook a comparative assessment of the P–V curve and CT methods for measuring alveolar derecruitment after PEEP withdrawal in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or ARDS. The aim of the study was to assess whether the P–V curve method could replace the CT method and be considered a valuable clinical tool at the bedside.
Materials and methods
Study design
After approval had been obtained from the Ethical Committee, and informed consent from the patients' next-of-kin, 19 patients with ALI/ARDS [19] were studied prospectively. Patients with untreated pneumothorax and bronchopleural fistula were excluded. Patients were ventilated in a volume-controlled mode with tidal volumes of 7.7 ± 1.8 ml/kg with a Horus ventilator (Taema, Antony, France). All patients were monitored with a fiber-optic thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter (CCO/SvO2/VIP TD catheter Baxter Healthcare co, Irvine, CA, USA) and radial or femoral arterial catheters.
After one hour of mechanical ventilation at a PEEP of 15 cmH2O, each patient was transported to the Department of Radiology. All patients were anesthetized and paralyzed during the study. Cardiorespiratory parameters at a PEEP of 15 cmH2O were recorded on a Biopac system (Biopac System Inc. Goleta, CA, USA) [20] and a P–V curve of the respiratory system at a PEEP of 15 cmH2O was measured with the low constant flow method (9 L/minute) [12]. Scanning of the whole lung at a PEEP of 15 cmH2O was performed as described previously [18]. Contiguous axial CT sections 10 mm thick were acquired after clamping the connecting piece between the Y piece and the endotracheal tube. During acquisition, airway pressure was monitored to ensure that a PEEP of 15 cmH2O was actually applied. The patient was then disconnected from the ventilator, and the change of end-expiratory lung volume (ΔEELV) resulting from PEEP withdrawal was measured with a calibrated pneumotachograph. P–V curve, CT scan and cardiorespiratory measurements in ZEEP conditions were performed immediately after disconnecting maneuvers. Between each measurement, mechanical ventilation at a PEEP of 15 cmH2O was resumed to standardize lung volume history. In seven patients, the same measurements in ZEEP were performed at the end of a 15-minute period of mechanical ventilation without PEEP.
Cardiorespiratory measurements
In each patient, cardiac output, systemic arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and airway pressure were recorded continuously with the Biopac system. Fluid-filled transducers were positioned at the midaxillary line and connected to the different lines of the pulmonary artery catheter. Cardiac filling pressures were measured at end expiration and averaged over five cardiac cycles. Pulmonary shunt and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were calculated from standard formula. Expired CO2 was continuously recorded and measured with an infrared capnometer, and the ratio of alveolar dead space to tidal volume (VDA/VT) was calculated from the equation VDA/VT = 1 - PetCO2/PaCO2, where PetCO2 is end-tidal CO2 measured at the plateau of the expired CO2 curve and PaCO2 is arterial partial pressure of CO2. The compliance of the respiratory system was calculated by dividing the tidal volume by the plateau pressure minus the intrinsic PEEP.
CT measurements of alveolar derecruitment and changes in functional residual capacity resulting from PEEP withdrawal
volume of the voxel = (size of the pixel)2 × section thickness (1)
total lung volume = number of voxels × volume of the voxel (2)
volume of gas = (-CT number/1,000) × total volume, if the compartment considered has a CT number below 0 (volume of gas = 0 if the compartment considered has a CT number above 0) (3)
volume of lung tissue = (1 + CT number/1,000) × total volume, if the compartment considered has a CT number below zero (4)
volume of lung tissue = number of voxels × volume of the voxel, if the compartment considered has a CT number above zero (5)
The change in functional residual capacity resulting from PEEP withdrawal (ΔFRC) was computed as the difference in total volume of gas in the whole lung between PEEP and ZEEP. Alveolar derecruitment was defined as the difference in gas volume in poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions between PEEP and ZEEP. The changes in gas volume resulting from PEEP withdrawal in normally aerated lung regions characterized by CT attenuations between -500 and -900 HU were computed separately (Figure 2). As described previously [21], the distribution of the loss of lung aeration in each patient (lung morphology) was classified as diffuse, patchy, and lobar on the basis of the distribution of CT attenuations at ZEEP.
Pneumotachographic measurement of changes in end-expiratory lung volume resulting from PEEP withdrawal
ΔEELV was measured with a heated pneumotachograph (Hans Rudolph Inc, Kansas City, KA, USA) positioned between the Y piece and the connecting piece. The pneumotachograph was previously calibrated with a supersyringe filled with 1,000 ml of air. The precision of the calibration was 3%. The respiratory tubing connecting the endotracheal tube to the Y piece of the ventilatory circuit was occluded by a clamp at an end-expiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O while the ventilator was disconnected from the patient. This occlusion was performed after a prolonged expiration obtained by decreasing the respiratory rate to 5 breaths/minute. The clamp was then released and the exhaled volume measured by the pneumotachograph was recorded on the Biopac system. The total duration from PEEP withdrawal to reconnection of the ventilator to the patient was 7.4 ± 0.4 s.
Measurement of alveolar derecruitment by P–V curves
P–V curves of the respiratory system were acquired with the specific software of the Horus ventilator – low constant flow technique [12] – and recorded with the Biopac system. During insufflation, the maximum peak airway pressure was limited to 50 cmH2O. Data pairs of airway pressure and volume of the P–V curves in ZEEP and PEEP conditions recorded on the computer were fitted to a sigmoid model as proposed by Venegas and colleagues [22]. The lower and upper inflection points as well as the slope of the linear part of the curve between lower and upper inflection points were computed from inspiratory P–V curves in ZEEP conditions.
Because the Horus ventilator was not equipped with a specific software measuring alveolar derecruitment directly, alveolar derecruitment resulting from PEEP withdrawal was measured from the data recorded on the computer with the help of Microsoft Excel files as follows: first, ΔFRC was added to each volume of the P–V curve in PEEP conditions; then the P–V curves in ZEEP and PEEP conditions were placed on the same volume axis. Derecruited volume was computed as the difference in lung volume between PEEP and ZEEP at an airway pressure of 15 cmH2O [10] (Figure 2).
Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as means ± SD or as median (range) depending on the data distribution. Cardiorespiratory and CT variables were compared before and after the administration of PEEP with the use of a paired Student t test or a Wilcoxon test. All correlations were made by linear regression. Agreement between CT and P–V curve methods was tested with the Bland and Altman method [23]: the bias was expressed as the mean difference of derecruited volume between the P–V curve method and the average value of the P–V curves and CT methods; the limits of agreement were defined as 2 SD. The statistical analysis was performed with Sigmastat 3.1 (Systat Software Inc., Point Richmond, CA, USA). The statistical significance level was fixed at p = 0.05.
Nineteen consecutive patients with ALI/ARDS (2 females and 17 males; age 48 ± 17 yrs) were studied. ALI/ARDS was related to postoperative pulmonary infection (n = 10), bronchopulmonary aspiration in the postoperative period (n = 5), lung contusion (n = 3), and extracorporeal circulation (n = 1). Three patients had diffuse, nine patchy and seven lobar loss of lung aeration. The delay between the onset of ALI/ARDS and inclusion in the study was 3 days (range, 1 to 10 days). The lung injury severity score [24] was 2.3 ± 0.7. Ten patients had septic shock requiring norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The overall mortality rate was 32%.
Cardiorespiratory changes and P–V curves in ZEEP and PEEP conditions
Cardiorespiratory parameters of 19 patients at PEEPs of 15 cmH2O and 0
PaO2 (mmHg)
213 ± 83
147 ± 80
Qs/Qt (%)
30 ± 6
39 ± 9
PaCO2 (mmHg)
43 ± 8
46 ± 8
29 ± 11
33 ± 12
Crs (ml cmH2O-1)
56 ± 26
48 ± 14
Slope (ml cmH2O-1)
53 ± 21
69 ± 26
PEEPi (cmH2O)
2.2 ± 1.1
0.8 ± 1.1
MAP (mmHg)
84 ± 13
92 ± 15
SVRI (dyn s-1 cm-5 m2)
1,767 ± 748
1,916 ± 1,114
MPAP (mmHg)
28 ± 8
25 ± 9
PVRI (dyn s-1 cm-5 m2)
345 ± 164
289 ± 174
PCWP (mmHg)
14 ± 3
11 ± 4
CI (l minute-1 m-2)
3.7 ± 1.8
4.3 ± 1.8
Sixteen patients had a lower inflection point and 17 an upper inflection point on their P–V curves in ZEEP: these were at 9.2 ± 4.8 cmH2O (range 3 to 16 cmH2O) and 28.1 ± 5.4 cmH2O (19 to 40 cmH2O), respectively.
Comparison of PEEP-induced changes in end-expiratory lung volume measured by pneumotachography and functional residual capacity measured by CT
In the 12 patients in whom CT sections at ZEEP were acquired immediately after the disconnecting maneuver, ΔFRC and ΔEELV were similar (1,054 ± 352 ml versus 1,022 ± 315 ml). In the 7 patients in whom CT sections at ZEEP were acquired 15 minutes after the disconnecting maneuver, ΔFRC was significantly greater than ΔEELV (1,167 ± 230 versus 1,028 ± 200 ml, p = 0.03). Very probably, the period of 15 minutes of mechanical ventilation without PEEP induced an additional time-dependent derecruitment.
Comparison of alveolar derecruitment measured by the CT and P–V curve methods
Computed tomographic analysis of degrees of lung aeration of the whole lung
Lung volume, gas + tissue (ml)
3,372 ± 686
2,283 ± 549
Functional residual capacity (ml)
2,035 ± 594
992 ± 450
Volume of tissue (ml)
1,344 ± 315
1,296 ± 328
Overinflated lung volume (ml)
51 ± 121 (0–508)
4 ± 11(0–45)
Normally aerated lung volume (ml)
2,476 ± 649
1,133 ± 640
Poorly aerated lung volume (ml)
394 ± 224
597 ± 280
Nonaerated lung volume (ml)
451 ± 275 (123–1,213)
549 ± 342 (165–1,452)
Separate regional computed tomographic analysis of normally aerated/poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions
Regional analysis performed in poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions
Lung volume, gas + tissue (ml)
1,438 ± 582
1,068 ± 424
< 0.001
Volume of gas (ml)
561 ± 325
188 ± 109
< 0.001
Volume of tissue (ml)
877 ± 361
880 ± 376
Regional analysis performed in normally aerated lung regions
Lung volume, gas + tissue (ml)
1,940 ± 985
1,220 ± 696
< 0.001
Volume of gas (ml)
1,474 ± 779
803 ± 515
< 0.001
Volume of tissue (ml)
466 ± 212
416 ± 190
< 0.001
This study shows a statistically tight correlation between alveolar derecruitment measured by the P–V curve and CT methods. However, the large limits of agreement indicate that the P–V curve method cannot replace the CT method.
Comparison of changes in functional residual capacity measured by CT and changes in end-expiratory lung volume measured by pneumotachography
Alveolar derecruitment resulting from PEEP withdrawal rather than recruitment induced by PEEP implementation was measured in the present study first and foremost for safety and methodological reasons. Each patient enrolled in the study was ventilated with PEEP at inclusion and the clinician in charge considered that PEEP had to be maintained during the transportation to the Department of Radiology. Ventilation with PEEP was therefore considered as the control condition. In addition, ΔEELV, an indispensable parameter for constructing P–V curves in PEEP conditions, can be measured by pneumotachography only during a PEEP releasing maneuver, which corresponds to a derecruitment maneuver.
After PEEP withdrawal, lung derecruitment continues. This study was initially designed for measuring immediate and time-dependent derecruitment after PEEP withdrawal as recommended previously [8, 9]. This is the reason that seven patients underwent CT scan and P–V curve at ZEEP, 15 minutes after PEEP withdrawal. ΔEELV, measured by pneumotachography immediately after PEEP withdrawal, was initially used for constructing the P–V curve at PEEP. However, after completing the CT analysis of the seven patients, we found that ΔFRC computed from CT scan data was 15% greater than ΔEELV measured by pneumotachography. In other words, a 15-minute period of mechanical ventilation at ZEEP had induced an additional lung derecruitment that could not be measured by pneumotachography. If, as initially planned, we had used ΔEELV measured by pneumotachography for constructing the P–V curve at PEEP, alveolar derecruitment measured by the P–V curve method would have been underestimated. This is why, in the present study, ΔFRC rather than ΔEELV was used in the construction of the P–V curve at PEEP.
If ΔEELV is measured by direct spirometry (pneumotachography, hot wire, or any other technique), the existence of a time-dependent lung derecruitment imposes the requirement to perform the measurement immediately after a PEEP releasing maneuver. Our main objective was to validate the P–V curve method, the only method that might have a bedside application. To standardize the conditions for measuring ΔFRC and ΔEELV, P–V curves and CT scans at ZEEP were measured immediately after PEEP withdrawal in an additional group of 12 patients. Measurement of time-dependent lung derecruitment requires the measurement of changes in FRC (CT and gas dilution techniques). As far as assessment of time-dependent lung derecruitment is concerned, the possibility of measuring FRC provided on some recent ventilators is of potential interest, especially if coupled with the possibility of measuring P–V curves [25].
Comparison of alveolar derecruitment measured by the CT and P–V curve methods
When PEEP is applied to lungs whose loss of aeration is heterogeneously distributed, a part of the gas entering the respiratory system penetrates into poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions, whereas another part (over)inflates previously aerated ones. Only the gas penetrating into poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions can be considered as lung recruitment. Quite often it represents a small part of PEEP-induced increase in lung volume and (over)inflation largely predominates over recruitment [26]. The same reasoning can be applied to alveolar derecruitment resulting from PEEP withdrawal. In the present study, lung derecruitment represented only one-third of total changes in gas volume. The other two-thirds was due to gas volume loss in normally aerated lung regions. This is the reason why the computed tomographic method developed by Malbouisson and colleagues for measuring PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment is based on a separate analysis of the gas penetrating into poorly aerated and nonaerated lung regions and into normally aerated lung areas [18].
Proposed in the late 1990s [13, 14, 27], the P–V curve method is based on the physiological concept that, at a given static airway pressure, any increase in gas volume after PEEP administration is due to the reaeration of previously collapsed lung units [9]. However, this hypothesis may be invalidated by the heterogeneity and complexity of the reaeration process after an increase in airway pressure. In most ARDS lungs, nonaerated and normally aerated lung areas coexist at ZEEP. Previous CT data [18, 26, 28] demonstrated that alveolar recruitment of nonaerated lung regions may be associated with inflation and overinflation of previously normally aerated lung areas. A recent CT study, performed during a P–V curve maneuver, demonstrated that, during the inflation of the lungs, alveolar recruitment occurs simultaneously with inflation and overinflation of previously aerated lung regions [29]. One essential question is whether the P–V curve method can differentiate between recruitment and (over)inflation.
Previous studies have suggested that measuring lung derecruitment by the P–V curve method immediately after PEEP withdrawal might result in an underestimate of overall lung derecruitment by ignoring the additional derecruitment occurring with time [10, 33]. The present study provides convincing evidence that time-dependent lung derecruitment can be correctly assessed by the P–V curve method at a single condition: an accurate measurement of changes in FRC either by CT or by the gas dilution technique. Again, the recent possibility offered by recent ventilators of measuring FRC by the gas dilution technique and P–V curves by the low flow inflation technique offers an attractive opportunity of measuring lung recruitment and derecruitment at the bedside.
In fact, the CT and P–V curve methods do not measure exactly the same lung derecruitment. The CT method measures end-expiratory lung derecruitment, whereas the P–V curve method measures the difference in volume between the P–V curve in PEEP and ZEEP conditions at a given elastic pressure. Ideally, the validation of the P–V curve method by the CT method should have implied the acquisition of CT sections not only in PEEP conditions but also during an insufflation maneuver of the P–V curve in ZEEP conditions at a pressure of 15 cmH2O. End-inspiratory lung volume at this pressure should have been subtracted from total changes in FRC resulting from PEEP withdrawal. Unfortunately, CT technology does not permit the acquisition of CT sections of the whole lung at a fixed inspiratory pressure during a quasi-static inflation maneuver. Another confounding factor that might interfere with alveolar derecruitment measured with the P–V curve method could be an alteration of the chest wall elastance. It is also well known that atelectasis of caudal and dependent lung regions resulting from an increase in intra-abdominal pressure induces a rightward shift of the P–V curve [34]. Whether such a condition influences the alveolar derecruitment computed from respiratory and P–V curve methods remains to be determined.
The present study demonstrates that lung derecruitment derived from P–V curves is tightly correlated with lung derecruitment measured by CT. As a result, it provides useful information on PEEP-induced lung derecruitment at the bedside. However, the P–V curve method measures a lung derecruitment that is different from the CT lung derecruitment measured in true static end-expiratory conditions and can be influenced by aeration changes occurring during the initial part of the inflation P–V curve performed in ZEEP conditions.
Key messages
Computed tomography is a gold standard for the assessment of lung derecruitment in patients with acute lung injury.
The pressure–volume curve can measure lung derecruitment at the bedside.
Lung derecruitment resulting from posivite end-expiratory pressure measured by two methods is tightly correlated, but the derecruited volume measured by the pressure–volume curve has a large limits of agreement in comparison with the average volume of the both methods.
The pressure–volume curve cannot replace the computed tomography method.
= acute lung injury
= acute respiratory distress syndrome
= computed tomography
= changes in end-expiratory lung volume measured by pneumotachography
= change in functional residual capacity measured by the computed tomography method
= Hounsfield unit
- PaCO:
= arterial partial pressure of CO2
= positive end-expiratory pressure
= pressure–volume
= zero end-expiratory pressure.
The authors acknowledge the following members who contributed to this study: L Malbouisson, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; J Richecoeur, General ICU, Pontoise Hospital, Pontoise, France; Jean-Charles Muller and L Puybasset, Neurosurgical ICU, Department of Anesthesiology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; P Grenier and P Cluzel, Department of Radiology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; and F Préteux and C Fetita, Institut National des Télécommunications, Evry, France. ME was the recipient of a scholarship provided by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (ref. 23344471), and SV was the recipient of a postdoctoral award from (CAPES) of Brazil.
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- van Genderingen HR, van Vught AJ, Jansen JR: Estimation of regional lung volume changes by electrical impedance pressures tomography during a pressure–volume maneuver. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29: 233-240.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hickling KG: The pressure–volume curve is greatly modified by recruitment. A mathematical model of ARDS lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 158: 194-202.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Grasso S, Mascia L, Del Turco M, Malacarne P, Giunta F, Brochard L, Slutsky AS, Marco Ranieri V: Effects of recruiting maneuvers in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilated with protective ventilatory strategy. Anesthesiology 2002, 96: 795-802. 10.1097/00000542-200204000-00005View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ranieri VM, Brienza N, Santostasi S, Puntillo F, Mascia L, Vitale N, Giuliani R, Memeo V, Bruno F, Fiore T, et al.: Impairment of lung and chest wall mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: role of abdominal distension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 156: 1082-1091.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Articles from RotoWire's fantasy archives that mention Craig Gentry's name.
July 31, 2016
AL FAAB Factor: Waiver Pickups of the Week
Erik Siegrist takes a look at the AL free agent pool as the trade deadline nears and notes that no one's fantasy outlook improved more than Dellin Betances.
May 21, 2016
Weekly Hitter Rankings: White Sox Set to Pop
Erik Siegrist breaks down his hitter rankings for the week, dominated by a trio of AL squads with eight and seven-game slates.
April 23, 2016
Weekly Hitter Rankings: Big Week for Bucs
The Pirates lead the charge this week, thanks to a four-game set in Denver and three games at home against the bottom of the Reds' rotation.
April 16, 2016
Weekly Hitter Rankings: Blue Jays Set to Soar
The Jays' bats take the cake this week thanks to seven games in AL-East friendly ballparks, while a certain struggling AL Central squad comes in higher than you might think.
April 14, 2016
The Wheelhouse: The Pursuit of Saves
Chasing saves on the waiver wire can be costly, but is it necessary? Derek VanRiper takes a look back at 2015 to see where the saves came from as roles changed during the season.
April 9, 2016
Weekly Hitter Rankings: Astros Ready to Blast Off
Erik Siegrist breaks down his hitting rankings for the upcoming week of games, highlighted by some attractive seven-game slates for the Nationals, Rangers and Astros.
April 7, 2016
Regan's Rumblings: (Very) Early Overreactions
David Regan rumbles about some premature overreactions midway through the first week of the season.
April 3, 2016
Clay Link surveys the American League waiver wire where as Matt Shoemaker has worked his way into the Angels' rotation thanks to an injury to C.J. Wilson.
April 2, 2016
Weekly Hitter Rankings: Opening Day is Here
Erik Siegrist ranks the teams for the season's opening week according to which has the matchups for hitters. No surprise, the Blue Jays are picking up where they left off last season.
March 22, 2016
Collette Calls: AL Tout Wars Recap
Plans A and B went out the window early. Was Jason Collette able to adjust and build a winner in last weekend's AL Tout Wars auction?
September 8, 2015
Wednesday Lineup Card: You're Gonna Hear Him, Roark
May 25, 2015
Tuesday Lineup Card: Bolstering With Bolsinger
Mike Bolsinger has delivered four outstanding starts for the Dodgers, and he should be able to keep helping fantasy squads.
May 17, 2015
Monday Lineup Card: Counting Down to Correa
Ryan Rufe discusses why Carlos Correa is worth a pick up right now in Monday's Lineup Card.
May 11, 2015
MLB Barometer: RIP Trading
Stepping in for Vlad Sedler, Derek VanRiper wonders if trading is dead, while pondering the market value of Noah Syndergaard and offering up the weekly supply of risers and fallers.
May 8, 2015
Saturday Lineup Card: Burnsing Up The Basepaths
Chris Benzine discusses why Billy Burns could be an intriguing option in deeper leagues plus more in Saturday's lineup card.
May 6, 2015
Thursday Lineup Card: Morrison To The Rescue?
Logan Morrison hasn�t lived up to his status as a one-time top prospect, although at some point I think he puts it together. Is this it? Has Morrison figured it all out?
May 5, 2015
In Some Depth: Cleveland's Shortstop Situation
Ryan Eisner thinks mega-prospect Francisco Lindor will continue to toil in the minors for the time being.
April 5, 2015
FAAB Factor - AL: Many Options To Sort Through
Koji Uehara's injury has opened the door for a couple of speculative plays in the AL this week, writes RotoWire's Andrew Martinez.
February 23, 2015
A's Team Preview: Roller Coaster
The A's unloaded a number of their front-line players this offseason, but Sonny Gray remains among their core players.
September 26, 2014
Saturday Lineup Card: Not Paxing It In
Chris Benzine discusses why James Paxton is a good option to start Saturday as the season nears its end.
September 25, 2014
Friday Lineup Card: Ender's Game!
Ender Inciarte is currently in the middle of a 13-game hit streak and may offer you help over these last few days of the season.
September 22, 2014
Tuesday Lineup Card: Give Logan Some Run
September 21, 2014
Monday Lineup Card: Dealin' Derek
Derek Holland is 1-0 with a 0.99 ERA and 22:3 K:BB over his last four starts.
September 19, 2014
Saturday Lineup Card: UnFreeseing At The Plate
Chris Benzine discusses David Freese's second-half turnaround and hot September as reasons why you should pick him up.
September 17, 2014
Thursday Lineup Card: Vote Yea On Rusney
RotoWire's Clay Link looks Thursday's pitching matchups, all of Wednesday's injury news, and suggests owners go out and scoop Rusney Castillo.
September 14, 2014
Monday Lineup Card: Buckle Down On Buchholz
Clay Buchholz is 3-0 with a 2.10 ERA over his last four starts.
September 11, 2014
Friday Lineup Card: Late Season Surge By Leonys Martin
The Rangers may not be fighting for a playoff spot this season, but they do offer solid free agnet choices.
September 10, 2014
Thursday Lineup Card: Matzek Begins To Realize His Potential
September 9, 2014
Wednesday Lineup Card: No Need to Panik
The second base spot has been mostly a dearth of offense for the Giants this season, but rookie Joe Panik's recent surge has turned the position from a weakness to a strength.
September 7, 2014
Monday Lineup Card: Collin-g McHugh
Astros starter Collin McHugh is 4-0 with a 1.97 ERA over his last five starts.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Well, that didn't take long. Unlike his old buddy Terrell Owens, former Cincinnati Bengals and New England Patriots receiver Chad Ochocinco found a new team very quickly after his recent release from his old one.
Chad will jump AFC East franchises from the Pats, who released him last week, to the Miami Dolphins, who agreed to terms on a one-year deal with the productive and mercurial receiver on Monday. The move was made after Ochocinco worked out with the team.
The news was officially released on Chad's own website, OCNN (The Ochocinco News Network), with the following statement:
We just got confirmation from Chad Ochocinco that he has just signed with the Miami Dolphins. The 6-time Pro Bowler will now get a chance to finish his career in his home state. More details as they arrive.
Ochocinco, one of the more adept tweeters in any field (in April of 2011, CNBC named him the most influential athlete in social media), has already adjusted his Twitter profile with "Miami Dolphins WR" in his profile and a new cartoon version of himself, wearing the Dolphins' uniform.
[Related: Michael Vick gets chance that he lacked in previous offseasons with Eagles]
The Dolphins later confirmed the signing. Ochocinco didn't do much in one season with the New England Patriots after the Bengals traded him up north -- he caught just 15 passes for 276 yards and one touchdown. It is believed that he struggled with the team's complicated system of option routes, and he wouldn't be the first player to do so. With the Dolphins, things are likely to be different -- there's a three-way quarterback battle with a relatively inexperienced rookie at the head (first-round pick Ryan Tannehill, who played quarterback for less than two years in college), so it's doubtful that every route will have four or five possible permutations right away.
In addition, Chad brings his expertise to perhaps the most receiver-starved team in the NFL. With former No. 1 receiver Brandon Marshall off to the Chicago Bears in an offseason trade, the Dolphins' leading receiver from last year's roster is possession man Davone Bess, who caught 51 balls for 537 yards and three touchdowns. Before his relative drought in New England, Chad had caught at least 53 passes in each of the last nine seasons. In seven of those seasons, he gained at least 1,000 receiving yards, though he last did that in 2009. But even if Chad can't bring himself in his prime to Miami, what he has left in the tank should help an offense desperate for assistance.
New Dolphins head coach Joe Philbin said that the acquisition was "not an indictment of any of the players that we have," but there's no doubt that the current receiver corps has underwhelmed in the 2012 preseason, just as it had before. "I think we have to catch the ball more consistently at every position on offense, because it's not quite where it needs to be," the coach concluded.
"I definitely feel like he can be a help, just from a veteran standpoint, with his wisdom and his knowledge," running back Reggie Bush said of Ocho after Monday's practice. "I personally think he still has a lot left, and knowing him, he would still want to prove that he can do it at his age and that he can still play the game."
The 34-year-old Ochocinco, a Miami native, had recently been working out with T.O. in the Sunshine State. The move is certainly a media bounty for a team in need of a national awareness upgrade. The Dolphins agreed to appear in this year's "Hard Knocks" show after a half-dozen other teams turned NFL Films down. Chad appeared in the 2009 version of the popular program when the Cincinnati Bengals were profiled. He also hosted his own show ("The T.Ocho Show") on the Versus Network, played himself in the latest iteration of the "American Pie" movie franchise, and did a star turn on the VH1 dating show, "The Ultimate Catch." So, he'll be able to show the more camera-averse players how to ham it up.
Fantasy football advice from the Yahoo! Sports Fantasy Minute:
Other popular content on the Yahoo! network:
• Nicholas J. Cotsonika: Kings win first-ever Stanley Cup championship
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Articles from RotoWire's fantasy archives that mention Zack Cozart's name.
January 30, 2017
Baseball Draft Kit: Picks & Pans
Joe Sheehan examines players he's targeting and avoiding in 2017 -- including an ace on the north side of Chicago.
September 4, 2016
NL FAAB Factor: Waiver Pickups of the Week
Jan Levine explores his free agent waiver pickup options of the week in the National League with around a month left in the 2016 campaign.
August 31, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Wednesday Value Plays
Alex Spalding targets Phillies lefty Adam Morgan with a Nationals stack Wednesday, headlined by the surging Jayson Werth.
August 30, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Tuesday Picks
Many DFS players will be tempted to pay up for Max Scherzer, but Alex Spalding explains why Johnny Cueto is worth his high salary Tuesday against the Diamondbacks.
August 25, 2016
Regan's Rumblings: Previewing September Callups
Dave Regan shifts his rumbling toward the upcoming September call-ups and looks at some players who might be able to make an immediate fantasy impact.
August 22, 2016
Collette Calls: A Look at Middle Infield Power
Jason Collette analyzes the dramatic increase in power among middle infielders this season, including Washington's Daniel Murphy, who might be the biggest surprise in the National League.
August 21, 2016
Jan Levine takes a look at the National League free agent pool this week and who might provide some value to your fantasy squad in the last six weeks of the season.
June 30, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Thursday Picks
Zack Cozart has had plenty of success against lefties this season, and he could keep that going out of the leadoff spot Thursday against the Nationals' Gio Gonzalez.
June 21, 2016
MLB Barometer: Assessing the Fantasy Player Pool
Vlad Sedler looks at the fantasy winners and losers at each position as midseason approaches, including first baseman Brandon Belt, who is the only Giant outearning his preseason ADP.
June 9, 2016
The Z Files: Top 10 Surprising Hitters
Todd Zola looks at the rest-of-season projections for 10 hitters off to surprisingly good starts and doesn't like Eduardo Nunez's chances of keeping up his current pace.
June 1, 2016
DVR's Top 350: June Update
Gregory Polanco is among the biggest risers on the update Top 350 rankings, with 50-plus games in the books for each club.
DraftKings MLB: Wednesday Picks
RotoWire's Chris Olson likes the Rockies against Reds starter John Lamb in the main slate, including third baseman Nolan Arenado.
May 28, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Saturday Picks
Zack Cozart is hitless in his last 11 at-bats, but RotoWire's Juan Blanco explains why the Reds shortstop is worth fantasy consideration Saturday against the Brewers.
May 25, 2016
Chris Davis is showing his usual penchant for hitting home runs and striking out, but RotoWire's Chris Olson explains why he's a stronger bet for the former Wednesday against the Astros.
May 19, 2016
James Shields has been tough to roster at times this season, but Juan Carlos Blanco explains why he's worth serious consideration Thursday against the Giants.
May 9, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Monday Picks
RotoWire's Chris Olson explains why targeting Giants starter Jake Peavy is a prudent play, putting Edwin Encarnacion in the fantasy spotlight.
May 1, 2016
DraftKings MLB: Sunday Picks
Danny Salazar's price is far from cheap but Juan Carlos Blanco explains why he's still worth the price Sunday against the Phillies.
April 24, 2016
Todd Zola gives him free agent suggestions for the Senior Circuit, and notes that Chase Utley is getting more playing time than expected with the Dodgers.
April 19, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Tuesday Value Plays
Juan Carlos Blanco likes the bargain price on Ryan Howard, at home against inexperienced righty Logan Verrett, as part of a Phillies value stack
April 18, 2016
FanDuel MLB: Monday Value Plays
Joey Votto is one of the more expensive options at first base Monday, but RotoWire's Kevin Payne has a number of value plays to fit in the Reds' slugger.
April 7, 2016
Regan's Rumblings: (Very) Early Overreactions
David Regan rumbles about some premature overreactions midway through the first week of the season.
April 1, 2016
Regan's Rumblings: Getting a Jump on Free Agents
David Regan looks at players who likely went undrafted this spring and could help fantasy owners as waiver-wire pickups in Week 1, like Arizona's Jake Lamb.
February 11, 2016
Team Previews: NL Central
Jack Moore provides in-depth previews for all five teams in the highly competitive NL Central.
February 9, 2016
Farm Futures: NL Central Top 10s
RotoWire's James Anderson dives into the best prospects in the NL Central, including the Brewers' Jorge Lopez, who has a chance to be a solid contributor in the majors this season.
December 22, 2015
Collette Calls: Examining Skill Growth
Jason Collette examines a number of key stats to discuss which players could be headed for a breakout in 2016, including the Royals' Lorenzo Cain, who is making more hard contact and hitting more fly balls.
August 14, 2015
Saturday Lineup Card: Roll With Eugenio
Chris Benzine discusses Eugenio Suarez's recent hot streak and why you should consider adding him, plus more in Saturday's lineup card.
June 24, 2015
In Some Depth: For Sale
Ryan Eisner looks at playoff odds and the teams that could become sellers before the trade deadline.
June 16, 2015
Wednesday Lineup Card: Buying Buxton
Chris Benzine discusses why Byron Buxton is worth a pickup if not already owned, plus more in Wednesday's lineup card.
June 15, 2015
Fantasy Baseball Injury Report: When Minor Leads to Serious
The Royals do not expect ace Yordano Ventura to miss his next start with his latest injury, but RotoWire's Jeff Stotts warns the issue could be a precursor to something more serious.
June 14, 2015
NL FAAB Factor: Spending your (Ci)shekels
Steve Cishek is back in Miami, but he�s not closing yet. Is it worth speculating that he�ll regain his role? All that and more from RotoWire's Jan Levine in this week's NL FAAB Factor.
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text:
Having hairy legs is a characteristic that many men have to deal with. There are some options, but most require that you get rid of all the hair rather than only some of it. The least expensive way would be waxing or shaving. Waxing removes all the hair from the root, but you need to be careful because there is always the danger of burning and irritation. Many guys shave portions of their body, including arms, legs and chest for athletic or cosmetic reasons. Using lotions with aloe after shaving and waxing keeps irritation at a minimum. If you feel that your legs are too hairy you may want to try using barbers clippers, like the ones a barber would use to give you a buzz cut. Just use the longer hair attachment to thin out some of your leg hair.
There are more expensive options open to you if finances are not a big deal. Laser hair removal is a new procedure that allows people to have any amount of hair removed from any portion of the body. However it is rather expensive and takes multiple treatments. Talk to your doctor. FX knows that your legs can be a source of embarrassment, but TeenHealthFX encourages you to consider all your options before making any rash decisions. If you have any other questions please feel free to ask.
Teens often abuse prescription drugs because of the myth that these drugs provide a medically safe high.
It is estimated that major depressive disorder (MDD) affects about 5% of adolescents, and that between 10 - 15% of adolescents have some symptoms of depression at any one time.
Statistics show that giving a teen a credit card does not teach them to be financially responsible or to encourage self-restraint, but actually promotes a "spend now and deal with the consequences later" mindset.
Girls are more likely to intentionally abuse prescription drugs than boys.
The reality of excessive interest rates and fees that often accompany credit card use for teens, can put youngsters in a position where they are losing out on admission to graduate school, getting a job, or renting an apartment because of damaged credit history.
Less than 33% of teens with depression get help, yet 80% of teens with depression can be successfully treated if they seek help from a doctor or therapist.
Traffic crashes are the greatest single cause of death for all persons age 6-33, and about 45% of these fatalities are alcohol-related crashes.
About 6.2 million Americans get a new genital HPV infection each year.
30% of teens with depression also have a substance abuse problem.
Freshmen bring an average of $1,585.00 in credit card debt to college.
About a third of women who seek services related to unprotected sex, such as pregnancy testing or emergency contraception, do not receive STD counseling, testing, or treatment.
7-10% of college students will drop out of school because of credit problems.
Teens with untreated depression are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, leading to higher rates of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
Most smokers begin smoking as teens, and the average age of initiation is 12.5 years of age.
People with manic symptoms and Bipolar Disorder II are at a significant risk of later developing an alcohol abuse or dependence problem.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. teens, accounting for 36% of all deaths in this age group.
The teen pregnancy rate in the United States is the highest of any industrialized democracy, nearly twice that of Great Britain and 10 times that of Japan. 4
Compared with other age groups, teens have the lowest rate of seat belt use, and male high school students are more likely than female students to rarely or never wear seat belts.
A national study of women ages 15-44 found that women were almost twice as likely to receive contraceptive services rather than STD services.
The teenage pregnancy rate in the U.S. is at its lowest level in thirty years, down 36% since its peak in 1990. Research suggests that both increased abstinence and positive changes in contraceptive practice are responsible these recent declines in teen pregnancy.
A sexually active teenager who does not use contraceptives has a 90% chance of becoming pregnant within one year. 8
In the United States, at least 5-10 million girls and women and 1 million boys and men are struggling with eating disorders. 11
Among male drivers between 15 and 20 years of age who were involved in fatal crashes in 2005, 38% were speeding at the time of the crash and 24% had been drinking.
Homicide is the second leading cause of death among 15- to 24-year-olds overall. 16
Every two minutes, somewhere in America, someone is sexually assaulted. 22
One in four teenage girls in the U.S. had at least one common sexually transmitted disease.
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youths ages 15 to 20. 19
The highest Chlamydia rates occurred among women ages 15 to 19 and 20 to 24.
About 44% of rape victims are under age 18. Three out of every twenty victims (15%) are under age 12. 25
Each year, half of all HIV infections are among people under the age of 25.
Crash risk is particularly high during the first year that teenagers are eligible to drive.
One out of every six American women have been the victims of an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime. A total of 17.7 million women have been victims of these crimes. 23
Teen girls ages 15-19 have the highest Gonorrhea rate of any age group.
The motor vehicle death rate for male drivers and passengers ages 16-19 is more than one and half times that of their female counterparts.
More than four in 10 young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20 - nearly one million teen pregnancies a year 3
The presence of teen passengers increases the crash risk of unsupervised teen drivers; the risk increases with the number of teen passengers.
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in this country. More than 400,000 Americans die from tobacco-related causes each year, and most of them began using tobacco before the age of 18.
The risk of motor vehicle crashes is higher among 16- to 19-year-olds than among any other age group.
Underage drinking costs the U.S. more than $58 billion every year; enough to buy every public school student a state-of-the-art computer.
At all levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), the risk of involvement in a motor vehicle crash is greater for teens than for older drivers.
Teens who drink are more likely to be victims of violent crimes and sexual assault, have serious problems in school, be involved in drinking-related traffic crashes, and develop problems with alcohol later in life.
Nearly all the poison deaths in the U.S. are attributed to drugs, and most drug poisonings result from the abuse of prescription and illegal drugs.
Alcohol kills 6.5 times more youth than all other illicit drugs combined.
Persons aged 15-24, who represent only 14% of the U.S. population, account for 30% ($19 billion) of the total costs of motor vehicle injuries among males and 28% ($7 billion) among females.
Among young people ages 12-17, prescription drugs have become the second most abused illegal drug, behind marijuana.


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Hi all,
I just looked for the hardiness info in Asiatica's newest catalog (before I
was quoting from their Spring 99 catalog). They say that "even some Zone 7
perennials can be grown in Zone 4 in areas with consistent heavy snow cover.
A heavy layer of loose conifer branches in December will also allow you to
push hardiness."
Zone 7 plants in Zone 4??? Wow! Before I go overboard buying all those
plants I've only looked at wishfully up till now, has anyone had experience
with growing plants from 2 or even 3 zones warmer than theirs?? Hmmm, how do
we make sure the heavy snow comes??
For those without the consistent snow cover, I also read in The Unsung
Season, Gardens and Gardeners in Winter, that Elliot Coleman uses a
cold-frame inside a plastic-covered hoop house extend his growing season in
Harborside, Maine. Coleman says "One layer of protection, either the cold
frame alone or the greenhouse by itself, moves you a zone and a half to the
south, and the second layer moves you another zone and a half to the south.
So you walk into the greenhouse, and you're in New Jersey. You reach your
hand into the cold frame, and you're in Georgia. It's as simple as that."
Coleman uses this method for his vegetables, so it might not be that helpful
for our perennials. But maybe in the fall we can pot up some of those
beautiful wild gingers (Asarums) or Asian jack-in-the-pulpits (Arisaema) and
all kinds of other beauties?
Cindy Johnson
White Bear Lake, MN
zone 4a
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
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MINNEAPOLIS -- The Cleveland Indians stayed in their hitting slump, and Nick Blackburn had plenty to do with keeping them there.
Justin Morneau hit a two-run homer for the power-poor Minnesota Twins, and Blackburn made it stand up with 7 2/3 scoreless innings in a 3-0 victory over the Indians on Saturday.
"I felt we put up some good at-bats, the type of at-bats where you wouldn't expect a zero to be up there," Cleveland manager Eric Wedge said. "But that's the way it played out."
Blackburn (1-1), who hit one batter and gave up eight hits without a walk, earned his first major league win with veteran poise by using the defense behind him to escape a couple of jams.
He used his sinker to induce four inning-ending double-play grounders, including two by David Dellucci.
"There were so many ridiculous plays," said Blackburn, who started one himself with a leaping stab of Asdrubal Cabrera's up-the-middle bouncer in the fifth.
Dennys Reyes recorded the last out of the eighth, and Joe Nathan posted his sixth save in as many attempts with a perfect ninth.
Morneau took Jake Westbrook (1-2) deep with two outs in the first inning for his fifth homer and a 2-0 lead, the beginning of a sound formula for victory over a struggling team.
The defending AL Central champions have a league-low .239 average, and designated hitter Travis Hafner -- despite 12 RBI -- dropped to .227 with an 0-for-4 afternoon that included a double play and a strikeout.
"I think we're moving in the right direction," Westbrook said. "We just need to continue to try to be more consistent. We're up and down in different areas. Right now the offense is struggling a little bit. I definitely didn't come out strong."
Following up a two-hit, no-run, eight-inning performance by Cliff Lee the night before, Westbrook actually turned in another solid start. Reigning Cy Young Award winner C.C. Sabathia is having a terrible time this month, but the middle of the rotation - Fausto Carmona included -- has ably picked up the slack.
Westbrook walked one and struck out four, surrendering eight hits and those three runs in seven innings. After Morneau's home run, which cleared the tall right-field wall by a few inches, Westbrook had three 1-2-3 innings and retired 11 of 12 in one stretch. Carlos Gomez's two-out single down the left-field line in the second inning was the only other damage done.
"As good as our kid pitched, I still felt like we could've done a better job offensively to try to create something or at least put an inning together," Wedge said.
The Twins have been quite pleased with their starting pitching, despite Francisco Liriano's trouble. Blackburn made the rotation because Liriano needed more time in the minors, but with a 2.49 ERA and 25 1/3 innings in four starts he'll be hard to move out of the rotation.
"It doesn't look like he gets rattled too much," manager Ron Gardenhire said, adding: "We liked him last year, and I think his progression is getting better and better."
It helps to have good glovework in the field.
Shortstop Nick Punto, playing in place of the injured Adam Everett, was the pivot man on all four double plays. Morneau did a pretty good job of stretching for those second outs at first base himself, and he made a hockey-goalie glove save of Dellucci's hot chop in the seventh to start the fourth double play.
Also, a perfect throw by left fielder Delmon Young helped preserve the shutout. Casey Blake singled in the third, but Cabrera was out at the plate trying to score from second when the ball one-hopped to catcher Joe Mauer's glove.
Now, the Twins must find a way to hit a few balls a little further. Jason Kubel, who has three home runs, is the only other player beside Morneau who has homered in 18 games this season. Minnesota entered the game with a .348 slugging percentage, lowest in the league.
If the other guys don't get their power stroke going, well, Morneau is usually good for it.
"Just trying to find a way to help us win. That's it," he said.
- Mauer turned 25 on Saturday.
- The Indians, who went 14-4 against the Twins last season, had an eight-game winning streak against Minnesota end.
- Hafner, who has a sore right shoulder, will probably be out of the lineup to rest on Sunday and get two days off with a scheduled off-day on Monday.
- Westbrook is 1-7 in his career against the Twins.
- Jamey Carroll, emerging as a regular at 2B, got on base only once but has still reached in 11 of his last 19 plate appearance.


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The 378 Stationary 3-Seat Sofa by Smith Brothers from Wayside Furniture. We proudly serve the Akron, Cleveland, Canton, Medina, Youngstown, Ohio area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
The 378 collection features transitional furnishings that fit perfectly with today's lifestyle. This sofa, chair and ottoman can be grouped together to form a complete living room set or mixed and matched with existing furnishings for a more eclectic look. A camel back sofa forms the heart of the collection and is further embellished with tapered wood feet and track arms with a slight flare. A matching arm chair and ottoman complete the group and can be customized with your choice of fabric upholstery options.
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James Edward Seymour, 54, of Quincy, was killed Monday night as he crossed the street near the intersection of West Jefferson and Key streets. Kenneth Nealy, 26, was arrested and charged with leaving the scene of an accident involving death.
The incident occurred shortly after 8 p.m. Nealy returned to the scene about an hour later and talked with city of Quincy police officers and the Florida Highway Patrol before he was taken into custody. The investigation is continuing and no further information was available.
Acting on tips, deputies from the Gadsden County Sheriff's Office have confiscated 45 marijuana plants and 4 pounds of marijuana since Aug. 24 in three separate incidents.
Seven plants with an estimated street value of $7,000 were found on the back porch of a private home a few miles south of Quincy on Sept. 1. An arrest is pending.
The plants had heavy buds, which indicated they had been pruned often and were well cared for when found, according to GCSO Lt. Jim Corder.
The parents of a 4-year-old boy who was dropped off by a school bus at a closed daycare center are upset with the center and the school district.
Bennie Mason and Tammy McWhite, parents of Bakaile Mason, said he was left standing outside the Gadsden County Day Care Services Inc., located at 911 Fourth St. in Quincy, on Aug. 28.
It seemed the whole country went nuts last week as it was announced that President Barack Obama would be visiting America's classrooms via a live podcast on the White House Web site.
I have a lot of relatives and this weekend most of them came to town. We had a great time together as usual. We are good company for each other and I don't ever remember, as adults, any of us having a serious argument. Of course, we disagree like most people but it never escalates into yelling and holding grudges. I have to admit, I have a cool family.
Another summer is winding down, and I still haven't gone fishing. How I long to be sitting in a rowboat on some quiet lake at dusk with my spinning gear and old Jitterbug. To listen to the "glub," "glub," "glub" of that surface lure waiting for a largemouth bass to break the otherwise stillness of the lake when he charged it.
It was the morning after Bobby Kennedy's assassination when my brother Ken and I went fishing for the last time. We fished at Lake Mashapaug in northeastern Connecticut that morning.
Due to the constraints of time, I have been unable to attend Rep. Allen Boyd's town hall meetings, so I choose this public forum.
I commend you for your service to our country. That was then...this is now.
You were one of 219 congressmen to vote for that deplorable tax and trade bill. Now you are going around the district explaining yourself away about the Obama health care bill. Congressman, this is a no-brainer. Vote no!
Quincy police are looking for Ezzard Sterling Sapp, the man they think burglarized the Quincy Garden Center on Sept. 1.
According to a report released by the police department, someone entered the historic building, which is commonly used for weddings and other social events, and took approximately $5,500 worth of antiques.
The East Gadsden High School Jaguars leaves the West Gadsden Panthers scoreless after posting a 21-0 win last Friday night in the cross-county rivals' Superintendent's Cup season opener.
East Gadsden's first score came with 5:35 on the clock after a big catch, which was followed up with a quarterback-keeper from Donterrius Garrett. The point after was good, to make the score 7-0. EGHS was stopped on fourth-and-10 in the red zone and West Gadsden took over on its own 1-yard line, but a fumble caused a safety for the Jags, leading to a 9-0 game.
The Robert F. Munroe Day School volleyball team opened the 2009 season with two wins last week.
On Monday night the team traveled to Bainbridge to take on Grace Christian. The Lady Cats won all three games and the match, with scores of 25-20, 25-20 and 25-16.
Munroe was led offensively by senior outside hitter Spenser Morris. Morris finished the match with 10 kills.
Copyright © 2017
The Gadsden County Times is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Gadsden County and Quincy, FL, and the surrounding area.


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Juliane Reichardt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Juliane Reichardt (14 May 1752 – 9 or 11 May 1783) was a Bohemian pianist, singer and composer.
Reichardt was born in Potsdam, the youngest of the six children of violinist and composer Franz Benda (1709–1786), who was concert master at the court of Frederick II, and his first wife Carolina née Step Hein. She took music lessons from her father and appeared in concerts in Berlin as a singer and pianist. She married writer and composer Johann Friedrich Reichardt (1752–1815) in 1776 and had a three children, the second of which was Louise Reichardt (1779–1826). Juliane Reichardt died of puerperal fever in Berlin.[1][2]
Reichardt composed piano sonatas and songs. Her most noted work is:
- Sonata in G Major
- Sonata in G major - Rondeau Allegro appears on the album Mozart in the Age of Enlightenment, Seth Carlin. (December 20, 2006) Magnatune, ASIN: B000TPQSD4
- ^ "Benda, (Bernhardine) Julie, married. Reichardt". Retrieved 27 October 2010.
- ^ Sadie, Julie Anne; Samuel, Rhian (1994). The Norton/Grove dictionary of women composers (Digitized online by GoogleBooks). Retrieved 4 October 2010.
External links[edit]
|This article about a German composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Lime Jello Marshmallow Cottage Cheese Surprise - Joan Morris
Ladies, the minutes will soon be read today.
The Garden Club and Reading Class,
I'm sure have much to say,
But next week is our Culture Night, our biggest, best event,
And I've just made a dish for it you'll all find heaven-sent.
It's my lime jello marshmallow cottage cheese surprise,
With slices of pimiento, you won't believe your eyes,
All topped with a pineapple ring and a dash of mayonnaise.
My vanilla wafers 'round the edge will win your highest praise.
And Mrs. Jones is making scones that are filled with peanut mousse,
To be followed by a chicken roll that's made in the shape of a goose.
Well, ladies, you must watch those pounds, we've found a special dish,
Strawberry ice enshrined in rice with bits of tuna fish.
That's my lime jello marshmallow cottage cheese surprise,
Truly, a creation that description defies.
It'll go so well with Mrs. Bell's creation of the week,
Shrimp salad topped with chocolate sauce
and garnished with aleek.
And Mrs. Perkins' walnut loaf
is crowned with melted cheese,
'twas such a hit last Culture Night,
we ask, "No seconds, please.
"Now, you must try her hot dog pie
with candied mushroom slices.
Those ladies who resigned last year,
they just don't know what 'nice'is.
And my lime jello marshmallow cottage cheese surprise,
I did not steal that recipe, it's lies, I tell you, lies!
A grand award, a picture hat and a salmon sequined gown
For any girl who tries each dish and keeps her whole lunch down.
I'm sure you all are waiting for the biggest news, dessert.
We thought of things in molds and rings your diet to subvert.
You must try a chocolate layer cake on a peanut brittle base,
With slices of bananas that make a funny face.
Around the edges, peppermints just swimming in peach custard,
With lovely little curlicues of bubbly yellow mustard.
Ha, ha, haIf all this is too much for you, permit me to advise,
More lime jello jello marshmallow cottage cheese surprise,
I've made heaps!
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This project will construct a single-lane roundabout at the intersection of Las Positas Road at Cliff Drive in order to improve traffic operations by reducing congestion and recurrent queuing currently experienced at the intersection, particularly during the evening commute hours. The roundabout incorporates bicycle and pedestrian facilities and will allow for future connectivity to a proposed multiuse pathway along Las Positas Road and bike lanes and/or bike path along Cliff Drive. The overall size of the roundabout has been minimized as much as possible, while still maintaining adequate access for trucks and buses.
The roundabout will include eight new streetlights on the roadway approaches and at the roundabout itself. Early design concepts included nearly twice that many lights, but given the natural context of the area, the minimum amount of lighting required for safety is proposed. The three existing lights will be removed. The new lights will be mounted at a height of approximately 20-feet, which is lower than the existing lights. This will minimize light trespass into the neighborhood and natural areas, while providing sufficient lighting levels for the roundabout.
To improve pedestrian safety at Alan Road, a raised median refuge island is planned (approximately the same location as the existing painted median). The drawings for the median refuge island are not yet complete, but the island will be built at the same time as the roundabout.
After receiving direction from City Council to proceed with the design and construction of a roundabout at this location in January 2014, staff contracted with Kittelson & Associates, a consulting firm specializing in roundabouts, to complete the roundabout design. The project is currently at 30% design and is undergoing environmental and design review. Staff anticipates presenting the current design plans to the Architectural Board of Review (ABR) for concept review on October 12, 2015. Construction is anticipated to begin in fall 2016.
Preliminary Lanscape Plan ( 1MB)


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TV star crosses over to the big-screen
Scott Patterson, best known for his role as the luckless Luke on TV hit "Gilmore Girls", is making the transition to the big screen. According to Bloody Disgusting, the stubbly Stars Hollow resident will be mixing it up with the dastardly Jigsaw in "Saw IV"!
The only other confirmed cast member for the new film is Tobin Bell, who – despite dying in the previous instalment – will be back to pull the shots as Jigsaw.
Darren Lynn Bousman directs.


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Category:E.F. Ritz
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Ernest Ferdinand Ritz (ca. 1848-1890) -- Photographer
This category has only the following subcategory.
- ► Ritz & Hastings (photographers) (2 C, 12 F)
Media in category "E.F. Ritz"
The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total.


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Cicero: Epistulae Ad Familiares: Volume 2, 47-43 BC
47-43 BC v. 2
By (author) Marcus Tullius Cicero
Edited by D. R. Shackleton Bailey
Series edited by Michael Reeve
Format: Paperback
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Cicero: Epistulae Ad Familiares: Volume 2, 47-43 BC by Marcus Tullius Cicero
Book DescriptionProfessor Shackleton Bailey's edition of Cicero's letters to Atticus, also published in the Cambridge Classical Texts and Commentaries series, has been generally recognized as an outstanding achievement. Now Professor Shackleton Bailey presents his edition of the second major body of Cicero's correspondence - his letters to his friends. Unlike the Atticus volumes this edition contains no translation (this will be published elsewhere), which has made it possible to gather all the letters and commentary into only two volumes. The introduction, which includes a reassessment of the manuscript tradition, is followed by a completely revised text and apparatus criticus. The commentary covers many problems of text, interpretation, history, prosopography, and letter-chronology. Both volumes contain indexes. This edition is intended for use by students and specialists in Roman literature and history.
Buy Cicero: Epistulae Ad Familiares: Volume 2, 47-43 BC book by Marcus Tullius Cicero from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780521606981
(216mm x 138mm x 36mm)
Pages: 644
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publish Date: 10-Jun-2004
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Books By Author Marcus Tullius Cicero
On Duties, Paperback (November 2016)
Benjamin Patrick Newton's translation of Cicero's On Duties is the most complete edition of a text that has been considered a source of moral authority throughout classical, medieval, and modern times. It features an introduction, outline, footnotes, interpretative essay, glossary, and indexes, making Cicero's thought accessible.
On the Republic and 'on the Laws', Paperback (December 2013)» View all books by Marcus Tullius Cicero
David Fott's vigorous yet elegant English translations of Cicero's major works of political philosophy are the first to appear since publication of the latest critical edition of the Latin texts.
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