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Clinical review: Non-antibiotic strategies for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Ricard Ferrer1Email author and
- Antonio Artigas2
DOI: 10.1186/cc1452
© BioMed Central Ltd 2001
Published: 11 January 2001
Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is the most important step towards reducing hospitalisation costs. The non-antibiotic prevention strategies include measures related to the correct care of the artificial airway, strategies related directly to the maintenance of the mechanical ventilator and the equipment, strategies focused in the gastrointestinal tract, and strategies related to the position of the intubated patients. While simple methods should be part of routine practice, the use of more invasive and expensive preventive measures should be used only in patients who are at high risk of NP. The appropriate use of these techniques can reduce the incidence of NP in intensive care unit patients.
Keywordsairway mechanical ventilation pneumonia prevention
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the specific type of nosocomial pneumonia (NP) that occurs after the first 48 hours of initiating mechanical ventilation, and can be further differentiated into early VAP (<5 days after tracheal intubation) and late-onset VAP (>5 days after tracheal intubation) [1]. NP still remains the leading cause of death from hospital-acquired infections. Crude mortality rates range from 24% to 76% depending on the population and clinical setting studied [2,3,4,5].
The average additional cost for NP was estimated to be as high as US$1255 per patient in 1982 [6]. A similar study in 1985 reported an average extra cost of US$2863 per patient and case of NP [7]. In trauma patients, this figure may eventually reach US$40,000 per patient [8]. It is almost impossible to directly evaluate extra costs associated with NP; however, the excess morbidity as a direct consequence of pneumonia may also be a good measurement.
Initial reports found that NP extended the intensive care unit (ICU) stay threefold [9], whereas Jimenez et al. estimated the excess morbidity attributable to NP as between 10 and 32 days [10]. This figure was later corroborated by other workers. Leu et al. reported 9.2 days of additional hospital stay [11], and Fagon et al. calculated the median length of stay in the ICU for the patients that developed VAP to be 21 days, versus a median of 15 days for control patients [12]. Comparable figures were also reported for trauma patients with VAP [8].
Non-antibiotic preventive strategies for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients
Conventional infection control measures
Hand washing and use of protective gowns and gloves Chlorhexidine oral rinse
Strategies related to the gastrointestinal tract
Stress-ulcer prophylaxis Gastric overdistension: nasogastric tubes Enteral nutrition
Strategies related to patient placement
Semirecumbent position Rotational bed therapy
Strategies related to the artificial airway
Respiratory airway care Design of endotracheal tubes: continuous subglottic aspiration
Strategies related to mechanical ventilation
Maintenance of ventilator equipment. heat and moisture exchangers Adjustment of sedation Non-invasive mechanical ventilation
Conventional infection control measures
Hand washing and use of protective gowns and gloves
Cross-contamination via the inoculation of bacteria into upper and lower airways is an exogenous mechanism in the aetiopathogenesis of NP, especially in the ICU. Bacterial contamination of respiratory equipment, condensed water in ventilator-circuit tubing, and excessive manipulation of ventilator circuits are potential sources of inoculation of highly contaminated material. Hand washing is an important yet underused measure to prevent nosocomial infections.
Some data indicate that an antimicrobial hand-washing agent may be more effective than a non-medicated soap in reducing the rates of nosocomial infection in the ICU [13]. Hand washing is clearly simple and should be routinely adopted based on its efficacy and low cost.
As with hand washing, the use of protective gowns and gloves during patient contact has also been found to reduce the rate of acquired nosocomial infections [14], but their use appears to be most effective when directed at specific antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The use of protective gowns and gloves during patient contact can therefore not be recommended for the routine prevention of VAP, but must be considered when handling respiratory secretions or during patient contact when the patient carries an antibiotic-resistant pathogen (for instance, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Chlorhexidine oral rinse
Bacteria accumulated in dental plaque have been implicated as pathogens of VAP when aspirated to lower airways. Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic solution for the control of dental plaque. Oropharyngeal decontamination with chlorhexidine solution has also been shown to reduce the incidence of VAP in patients undergoing cardiac surgery [15], and has also been shown to be effective in the control of colonisation and VAP caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria [16]. The use of preventive oral washes with chlorhexidine therefore seems reasonable in selected high-risk patients, given the easy administration and the reasonable costs.
Strategies related to the gastrointestinal tract
Stress-ulcer prophylaxis
The stomach is a reservoir of nosocomial pathogens with the potential to colonise the upper respiratory tract. When the gastric pH increases from the normal levels to pH ≥ 4, microorganisms are able to multiply to high concentrations in the stomach. The gastropulmonary route of infection has therefore been proposed as an important aetiopathogenic factor, but this issue is controversial [17,18,19,20].
Mechanically ventilated patients are at risk for stress ulcers with gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and preventive treatment with H2-blockers, antacids or sucralfate is employed routinely. However, H2-blockers raise the intragastric pH, which in turn enhances gastric colonisation with pathogens that can cause pneumonia. The evidence of the effects of H2-blockers on the development of VAP is conflicting, with some studies stating a definite increased incidence of NP [21] and other studies reporting no increased risk of NP [22,23]. A recently published, large, randomised study, however, failed to identify an increased risk for pneumonia in either the sucralfate group or the ranitidine group [24]. The use of sucralfate instead of H2-blockers, however, provides less efficient anti-ulcer prophylaxis, so the risks have to be well balanced in order to provide cost-effective treatment.
Gastric overdistension: nasogastric tubes
Providing adequate enteral nutritional support to intensive care patients is an important point in the prevention of NP. It has been suggested, however, that placement of a nasogastric tube in the stomach may facilitate the reflux of bacteria from the gut, and hence may be a risk factor for the development of VAP [25]. The nasogastric tube does impair the closure of the upper oesophagus sphincter [26] and some investigators have suggested the use of smaller nasogastric tubes [27].
Gastric overdistension may facilitate the reflux of bacteria from the gut and should be avoided by reduction using narcotics and anticholinergic agents, monitoring gastric residual volumes after intragastric feeding, using gastric prokinetic agents (e.g. metoclopramide) and, when necessary, supplying enteral feeding via nasojejunal intubation [28,29,30]. Gastric overdistension has especially to be avoided when non-invasive mechanical ventilation is applied. However, the effectiveness of this intervention awaits validation in clinical trials.
Nutritional support
By impairing host defence, malnutrition has been shown to be a major contributing factor to the development of pneumonia [27,31]. Providing adequate nutritional support to intensive care patients is therefore important for the prevention of NP. However, as already pointed out, enteral feeds may encourage bacterial colonisation and may increase the risk of NP by increasing the pH in the stomach. The acidification of the enteral nutrient may result in decreased bacterial colonisation of the stomach in critically ill patients. Enteral nutrition is generally preferred to parenteral feeding and is associated with fewer septic complications [32]. In addition, enteral feeding could increase the risk of NP when the patient remains in a supine body position [33].
Montecalvo et al. suggested the use of orojejunal feeding, bypassing the stomach, as a better method of nutrition in ICU patients [34]. However, this measure is associated with increased costs due to the catheter and the control measures required. As a general recommendation, early enteral nutrition should be provided to patients in the ICU, initially supplemented by parenteral nutrition when enteral nutrition can only be tolerated in low volumes [32].
The use of immune enhancing feeds enriched with a variety of nutrients including amino acids, arginine, glutamine, and nucleotides has recently been associated with fewer acquired infections [35]. However, whether this measure is cost-effective remains to be proven.
Strategies related to patient placement
Semirecumbent body position of patients
Aspiration of upper-airway secretions is common, even in healthy adults, in the supine position. Two studies with a radioactive-labelled gastric content showed that reflux can be reduced and subsequent aspiration avoided by positioning mechanically ventilated patients in a semirecumbent position [36,37]. An elevated head position (>30° angle) was also a protective factor of NP in an epidemiological study [38], and Kollef demonstrated that a supine body position during the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor of mortality in patients with NP [5]. It has also been documented, in a randomised clinical trial, that a persistent semirecumbent body position reduced the incidence of NP in intubated and mechanically ventilated patients, but without a significant decrease in morbidity or mortality [33].
If there is no contraindication to the manoeuvre, the head of the bed should be elevated at an angle of 30–45° for those patients receiving mechanical ventilation and having an enteral tube in place.
Postural changes by rotating beds
Kinetic therapy that changes the patient's position may also prevent VAP by enhancing pulmonary drainage. Automated position changes during the first 5 days in the ICU reduced the incidence of early NP in both traumatic patients and non-traumatic patients [39,40]. However, this form of automated position changes does not reduce significantly the number of days of mechanical ventilation, the length of the ICU stay or the hospital stay, or the in-hospital mortality. The rotating beds method is also much more expensive than that of standard ICU beds, which limits the use of this system.
Strategies related to the artificial airway
Respiratory airway care
Not only gross aspiration, but also micro-aspiration to lower the airway can facilitate the development of NP despite the presence of an artificial airway. It is therefore important to maintain an adequate tube cuff pressure to reduce micro-aspiration. Rello et al. found a higher risk for VAP in patients with cuff pressures less than 20 cmH2O [41]. Maintaining cuff pressure is clearly simple and should be routinely adapted based on its efficacy and low cost.
Two types of suction-catheter systems are available: the open, single-use system, and the closed, multiple-use system. The risk of VAP appears to be similar with both systems [30]. The main advantages of the closed, multiple-use catheters are lower costs, because daily changes are not needed [42], and decreased environmental cross-contamination.
Prolonged nasal intubation (>48 hours) should be avoided because nosocomial sinusitis may predispose the patient to pneumonia through the aspiration of infected secretions from the nasal sinuses [43], and using an endotracheal tube involves no extra cost. In cases where nasal intubation cannot be avoided (e.g. maxillar surgery), early tracheostomy may still be a cost-effective measure to prevent NP.
Re-intubation is a risk factor for VAP, as has been shown in a case-control study [44]. Careful evaluation during the weaning trial of the patient's ability to sustain spontaneous breathing might therefore reduce the number of extubation failures, and thus may also prove to be a cost-effective measure.
Design of endotracheal tubes
Stagnant oropharyngeal secretions pooled above the cuff can easily gain access to lower airways when the pressure of the cuff decreases spontaneously or there is a temporal deflation of the cuff, providing a direct route for tracheal colonisation and bolus aspiration from the oropharynx. Endotracheal tubes with an extra lumen designed to continuously suction secretions pooled above endotracheal tube cuffs are available. Continuous subglottic suctioning has been found able to decrease the incidence of NP in mechanically ventilated patients [45], and its cost-effectiveness has recently been proven [46].
It has been suggested that biofilm formation in the tracheal tubes is a source of persistent bacterial lung colonisation [47] because the film acts as a reservoir for infecting pathogens. However, the contribution of the endotracheal tube biofilm for the pathogenesis of VAP is controversial [48,49], especially if the magnitude of the problem is related to that of other risk factors of VAP. Nevertheless, it may be of crucial importance to the pathogenesis of recurrent VAP [50,51]. Prevention of biofilm formation could be a necessary step in the successful prophylaxis of VAP. Silver-coated endotracheal tubes are able to prevent bacterial colonisation, which is a requisite for biofilm formation [52], but further investigations are needed.
Strategies related to mechanical ventilation
Maintenance of ventilator equipment: heat and moisture exchangers
Although transmission of bacteria via the respirator equipment was identified as a cause of pulmonary infections more than 15 years ago, current systems are rarely a major source of bacteria. The frequency of ventilator circuit change has not been shown to be beneficial [53]. Heat and moisture exchangers reduce the incidence of VAP by minimising the development of condensate within ventilator circuits [54], they are well tolerated by most patients, and they are easy to use. Heat and moisture exchangers should therefore be preferred to heated-water humidificators.
Sterile water should be used for rinsing nebulisation devices and other semicritical respiratory-care equipment after they have been cleaned and/or disinfected because of the risk of nosocomial transmission of Legionella spp. [55,56].
Adjustment of sedation
Aspiration is an important aetiopathological factor in patients with coma and an altered level of consciousness, and can significantly contribute to the development of lung infections [57,58]. Accordingly, sedative agents in patients with mechanical ventilation should be adjusted to the individual patient in order to adjust the level of sedation and the duration of sedation. A strategy based on daily interruption of sedative-drug infusions until the patients were awake decreased the duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the ICU [59]. The use of excessive sedation could be reduced in this way.
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and other ventilation strategies
Several recent investigations have attempted to examine directly the influence of eliminating tracheal intubation on the incidence of NP. Nourdine et al. report an observational cohort study to determine the influence of different types of ventilatory support on the occurrence of NP. Based on their study results, the use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, adjusted for severity of the illness, was associated with a lower risk of NP [60].
Brochard and coworkers, in a case-control study in France, compared the use of non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and in cardio-genic pulmonary oedema with the use of conventional mechanical ventilation in an historical control population. They concluded that non-invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with a lower risk of nosocomial infections, with less antibiotic use, with a shorter length of ICU stay, and with lower mortality [61].
The benefits of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in terms of NP reduction rate have been demonstrated in different pathologies. Previous studies by Nava et al. in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [62] and by Antonelli et al. in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure [63] also demonstrated a lower incidence of NP. In immuno-suppressed patients with pneumonitis and acute respiratory failure, early initiation of non-invasive ventilation has reduced the rate of endotracheal intubation and hospital mortality [64].
These studies suggest that prevention strategies should include efforts aimed at eliminating or at least reducing the frequency of tracheal intubation. Further investigation is needed in intubated patients regarding the impact of different ventilatory patterns, such as high or low tidal volumes, on the incidence of NP
Task Force
Do not routinely change the breathing circuit more frequently than every week
Not controversial
Humidification system: heat and moisture exchangers versus heated humidification
Still controversial
Avoid in-line nebulisers
Not mentioned
Still controversial
Not controversial
Chlorhexidine oral rinse
Not mentioned
Not mentioned
Multiple-use, closed-system suction catheter or the single-use, open-system catheter
Still controversial, should be investigated
Semirecumbent body position
Not controversial
Nasojejunal enteral nutrition
Should be investigated
Small-bore tubes for enteral feeding
Should be investigated
Orotracheal instead of nasotracheal intubation
Not controversial
Continuous suction of subglottic secretions
Still controversial, should be investigated
Cuff pressure optimisation
Not mentioned
Not controversial
Stress ulcer prophylaxis
Still controversial, should be investigated
Avoid gastric overdistension
Not mentioned
Kinetic beds
Not mentioned
Avoid deep sedation paralytic medication
Not mentioned
Not controversial
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation
Not mentioned
Not controversial, should be investigated
The Centers for Disease Control report comprises three classes of evidence: recommended strategies are based on strong rationale and suggestive evidence, suggested strategies may be supported by suggestive clinical or epidemiologic studies, and no recommendations are given for practices for which insufficient evidence or consensus regarding efficacy exists. The European Task Force Report attempted to ask three questions related to the prevention of NP: what is not controversial?, what is still controversial?, and what should be investigated? In Table 2, preventive measures are exposed according to their effectiveness following the aforementioned consensus.
The appropriate use of the discussed techniques can reduce the incidence of NP in ICU patients. While simple and effective methods without extra cost, such as hand washing or placing the patients in a semirecumbent position, should be part of routine practice, the use of more invasive and expensive preventive measures should be used only in patients who are at high risk of NP.
The impact on the incidence of NP of the nursing personal resources has not been previously evaluated and has not been included in the present review. The effectiveness of a combination of several of the proposed measures is also something to be evaluated in the future. The results of ongoing research may strengthen our preventative capabilities and help to limit further the number of patients who currently develop NP, with a reduction in medical care costs.
= intensive care unit
= nosocomial pneumonia
= ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Alary MA, Joly JR: Factors contributing to the contamination of hospital water distribution systems by Legionellae. J Infect Dis 1992, 165: 565-569.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Celis R, Torres A, Gatell JM, Almela M, Rodriguez-Roisin R: Noso-comial pneumonia: A multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis. Chest 1988, 93: 318-324.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Rello J, Ausina V, Castella J, Net A, Prats G: Nosocomial respiratory tract infections in multiple trauma patients. Influence of level of consciousness with implications for therapy. Chest 1992, 102: 525-529.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, Hall JB: Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 2000, 342: 1471-1477. 10.1056/NEJM200005183422002PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Nourdine K, Combes P, Carton MJ, Beuret P, Cannamela A, Ducreux JC: Does noninvasive ventilation reduce the ICU nosocomial infection risk? A prospective clinical survey. Intensive Care Med 1999, 25: 567-573. 10.1007/s001340050904PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Girou E, Schortgen F, Delclaux C, Brun-Buisson C, Blot F, Lefort Y, Lemaire F, Brochard L: Association of noninvasive ventilation with nosocomial infections and survival in critically ill patients. JAMA 2000, 284: 2361-2367. 10.1001/jama.284.18.2361PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Nava S, Ambrosini N, Clini E, Prato M, Orlando G, Vitacca M, Brigada P, Fracchia C, Rubini F: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiration failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998, 128: 721-728.PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Antonelli M, Conto G, Rocco M, Bufi M, Deblasi RA, Vivino G, Gasparetto A, Meduri GV: A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 1998, 339: 429-435. 10.1056/NEJM199808133390703PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F, Valentino R, Gbikpi-Benissan G, Dupon M, Reiffers J, Cardinaud JP: Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2001, 344: 481-487. 10.1056/NEJM200102153440703PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Torres A, Carlet J: Ventilator-associated pneumonia. European Task Force on ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2001, 17: 1034-1045. 10.1183/09031936.01.17510340PubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar


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For Manuscript Submission, Check or Review Login please go to Submission Websites List.
For the academic login, please select your country in the dropdown list. You will be redirected to verify your credentials.
|Table of Contents
|Vol. 72, No. 2, 2005
Issue release date: March – April
|Section title: Letter to the Editor
Outbreak of Bronchiolitis obliterans Associated with Consumption of Sauropus androgynus in Japan – Alert of Food-Associated Pulmonary Disorders from JapanOonakahara K.a · Matsuyama W.a · Higashimoto I.a · Machida K.a · Kawabata M.a · Arimura K.a · Osame M.a · Hayashi M.b · Ogura T.b · Imaizumi K.c · Hasegawa Y.c
aThird Department of Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima, bDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, and cDepartment of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan Corresponding Author
Kenichi Oonakahara, MD
Third Department of Internal Medicine
Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine
8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520 (Japan)
Tel. +81 99 275 5332, Fax +81 99 265 7164
E-Mail email@example.com
Received: May 13, 2004
Accepted: August 25, 2004
Published online: April 12, 2005
Number of Print Pages: 1
Number of Figures: 0
Number of Tables: 0
ISSN: 0025-7931 (Print)
eISSN: 1423-0356 (Online)
For additional information: http://www.karger.com/RES


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67 year old woman treated with Facelift
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This 67 year old woman after a deep-plane face and neck lift, as well as some structural fat grafting to the folds and cheeks.
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This environmentally-friendly version of the original invisible tape is made from over 75% recycled or plant based-based material. Free S/H to your local Staples store.
Conveniently store and transport files, photos, music and more anytime, anywhere. Free S/H to your local Staples store.
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Stretchy fit leggings with a fleece lining inside. Perfect to keep a little warmer during the cold winter months and great for layering.
Perfect for cooking, cleaning, gardening or doing crafts. Candy Shop theme apron is flattering on all figures. One size fits most.
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Flash Dry's patented jet-inspired Pro Speed fan technology accelerates airflow, doubling air power for faster blowouts. More tourmaline ion-rich airflow coats hair follicles, creating the smoothest, frizz-free results possible.
Celebrate the people, places and stories that make country life so special. Experience the essence of America through color photographs of landscapes and scenes, reviews of country inns and vacation spots.


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Category:Hotham, East Riding of Yorkshire
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
English: Hotham is a small village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Hull city centre and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Market Weighton town centre. The village has good road links with the cities of Kingston upon Hull, York and Leeds. The M62 motorway is only a few miles from Hotham allowing easy access to the rest of the country.
This category has only the following subcategory.
Media in category "Hotham, East Riding of Yorkshire"
The following 79 files are in this category, out of 79 total.
- Entering Hotham.jpg 104 KB
- Hill House Hotham.jpg 144 KB
- Hotham Arms.jpg 86 KB
- Hotham In The Spring.jpg 109 KB
- Main Street Hotham.jpg 178 KB
- Park Cottages Hotham.jpg 103 KB
- Park Street Hotham.jpg 176 KB


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Post Content
UPDATE – Due to the tragic events at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, Federal and State filing deadlines have been extended for eligible taxpayers. Find more information here.
Doing your taxes can be difficult, and having the forms you need at your fingertips can make it a bit easier. With less than three weeks until Massachusetts state income taxes are due, it's important to get all of your necessary documentation together. To assist, below are some of the most frequently sought-after Massachusetts income tax forms on Mass.gov:
- Health Care Information Form (Schedule HC) – Required by all for proof of health care coverage.
- Massachusetts Resident Income Tax Return (Form 1) – For full-time Massachusetts residents. The Department of Revenue also provides this handy instruction guide to assist you in filling out Form 1.
- Massachusetts Nonresident or Part-Year Resident Income Tax Return (Form 1-NR/PY) – For anyone filing taxes in Massachusetts who only resides here part time or not at all; you can find the instruction guide here.
- Fiduciary Income Tax Return (Form 2) – Every executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, conservator, trustee in a non-corporate bankruptcy or receiver of a trust or estate that received income in excess of $100 that is taxable must file Form 2. Instructions for Form 2.
- Schedules X and Y – If you have additional income that was not reported on a W-2 or a 1099, or you have further deductions, you will need to file this.
- Schedule B – Used to report interest and dividend income, as well as certain capital gains and losses.
- Rental Real Estate and Royalty Income and Loss (Schedule E-1) – For reporting income and loss from real estate that you rent out or royalties you receive
- Senior Circuit Breaker Tax Credit (Schedule CB) – You must be 65 before January 1, 2013 and filing as single, married filing jointly, or head of household to qualify for this credit.
- Affidavit in Support of a Claim for Exemption from Sales or Use Tax for a Motor Vehicle Purchased Outside of Massachusetts (Form MVU-29) – For anyone who purchased a motor vehicle outside of Massachusetts.
- Application for Abatement/Amendment (Form Ca-6) – If you need more time to file OR you already filed but need to make some changes, file this form.
If the form you need is not listed here or you are looking for information about filing as a Corporation, Estate, Partnership, Financial Institution, Insurance Company, or other entity, visit the DOR's Tax Forms page which has a comprehensive list. If you'd like to explore the 2012 tax tables to estimate this year's tax liability, use DOR's interactive tax table.
If you need additional tax information or help, visit the Department of Revenue. And if you have a completed state income tax return and want to file online, you can do so via WebFile, where you can also check the status of your refund. (Please note: Only full-year Massachusetts residents are eligible to use WebFile for personal income tax returns. Non-residents and part-year residents need to file by paper, use commercial software or a professional paid preparer.) The mailing addresses for paper returns are: Massachusetts Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 7001, Boston, MA 02204 (for refunds) and Massachusetts Department of Revenue, P.O. Box 7002, Boston, MA 02204 (for payments).
To address any remaining questions about your tax return, call DOR's customer service line Monday through Friday from 9am – 5pm at 617-887-MDOR or toll-free in Massachusetts at 800-392-6089.
Tags: form 1, income tax, schedule HC, state taxes, tax, tax forms, taxes
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Everyone has the right to legally change their name, as long as the request is not inconsistent with the public interest. When you change your name as an adult, you'll need to go through a court proceeding. If the court allows your petition, you will receive …Continue Reading How To Legally Change Your Name in Massachusetts
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Lot 394: Benny Andrews "Moving On" orig lithograph
19th Century, Modern, Contemporary Fine Art, Antiques, Jewelry, Signatures, & Modern Design
by Concept Art Gallery
October 22, 2016
Pittsburgh, PA, USALive Auction
Benny Andrews (1930-2006) Please Register/Login to access your Invaluable Alerts
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Description: Andrews, Benny (African American, 1930-2006), "Moving On" 1980, lithograph printed in colors, pencil signed and numbered 32/275, measuring 30 x 22 inches
Condition Report: in good condition apart from a few soft handling creases in the sky
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Showers and baths are supposed to soothe and cleanse, not scald. For children and the elderly, bath time can be treacherous if the water is too hot. When we're very young and very old, our skin is thinner and easier to burn than when we're in our prime. And seniors are less agile, so they can have a hard time escaping scalding water. A few simple precautions could save someone in your home from scalds:
Turn a single-handle tap to the cold position after every use so the next bather won't get drenched with hot water. For more information and for answers to all your plumbing questions, contact Benjamin Franklin Plumbing, (602) 903-1762!


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Talk:Geneva Summit (1955)
|WikiProject Cold War
|(Rated Start-class)
|WikiProject Switzerland
|(Rated Start-class, Low-importance)
U-2 incident[edit]
Didn't the U-2 incident have a lot to do with this, as it happened the night before?Watersoftheoasis 16:00, 25 March 2007 (UTC)
The Gary Powers spy-plane incident you refer to occurred in 1960 on the eve of the Paris summit meeting.
On a different note, I see no reason why the Eisenhower-Khrushchev Geneva summit should be combined under the same article as the summits in the Reagan era. In a broad article on "Geneva" that might be appropriate, but I think the Eisenhower conference should be separate from the Reagan talks. Furthermore, this article in general needs some serious work.
For example, look no further than this passage: "International tensions were at its peak during the Cold War and the Soviet Union was in a heated search for power, and was not afraid to use force in order to occupy markets and extend their influence. This was in direct opposition to the U.S.A.'s attempt at the expansion of peace, liberty, and stable international diplomacy."
Tell that to a Guatemalan!
Following through on the source for that section (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/H/1994/ch11_p2.htm) one finds that that information doesn't even address this period of the Cold War. Not only does that part need to be revised, but a better source should be provided (i.e., a citation to Walter Lafeber or John Lewis Gaddis--perhaps to show how different historians view this).
Furthermore, there were several meetings at Geneva between the superpowers, and there's nothing in this article (as of 5/07) that even mentions Nitze's famous "walk in the woods" with Yuli Kvitsinsky in 1982. HMaar 22:24, 20 May 2007 (UTC)
- The parts about the 1985 meeting have now been moved to Geneva Summit (1985). --Boson (talk) 09:04, 13 October 2011 (UTC)


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Studebaker Gran Turismo Classifieds
Viewing 1 - 4 of 4 results
Selected Filters:Make: Studebaker Model: Gran Turismo
1963 Studebaker Gran Turismo Super Hawk
West Chester, PA
1963 Studebaker Grand Turismo Hawk, Factory Supercharged 289 cu in 300 HP V8, rare 4-speed transmission, rust free Western car, stunning Ermine White paint,... More
Offered By: Connors Motorcar Co
Advertiser since 1978
Advertiser since 1978
1962 Studebaker Gran Turismo Hawk
St Charles, MO
This 1962 Studebaker Gran Turismo for sale has a 289 C.I. 4BBL V8 (Date Code Correct), 3 Speed Automatic Transmission, Dana 44 Rear w/... More
Offered By: Fast Lane Classic Cars
Advertiser since 1993
Advertiser since 1993
1963 Studebaker Gran Turismo Coupe
For sale in our Dallas showroom is a very rare 1963 Studebaker Grad Turismo Hawk 4 Speed. Having had partial restoration over the last... More
Offered By: Gateway Classic Cars
Advertiser since 2012
Advertiser since 2012
1962 Studebaker Gran Turismo
Freeport, ME
1962 Studebaker Gran Turisimo Hawk,just retrieved from lengthy storage,with the factory 259 V8,automatic transmission,power steering and air.This is a solid Studebaker ,in a desireable... More
Offered By: Goldenrod Garage
Advertiser since 1978
Advertiser since 1978


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The SBM-400ST from Samsung is a Monitor Stand for 32-40" Samsung LCD Monitors.
These up-and-comers from the smartphone world will redefine the boundaries of mobile computing with full HD video playback, dual-core processors, and more. Read More
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Prep time: 30 minutes. Cooking time: 40 minutes.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Grease a 13-by-9-inch pan with butter.
In bowl, combine bread crumbs and Parmesan cheese. Put a little milk in another bowl. Dip chicken breasts into milk and then coat with bread crumb mixture. Arrange breasts in prepared pan. They will fit tightly. Keep extra crumb mixture for topping.
In a saucepan, sauté green onions in butter until tender. Add flour, stirring constantly. Add the 1 cup milk. Cook until mixture is thickened and bubbly. Cook 1 minute longer. Stir in spinach.
Spoon spinach mixture over chicken, spreading spinach mixture to cover all breasts. Sprinkle some of remaining bread crumbs over the top. Bake uncovered in preheated oven 40 minutes or until chicken is cooked through.
To prepare ahead: You can prepare Chicken Alla Maria up to a day ahead, stopping before baking. When assembling the dish, make sure the spinach mixture has cooled completely before spreading over the chicken. Cover and refrigerate. Bake as directed above.
Substitution: The original recipe for Chicken Alla Maria included 4 ounces of sliced ham, chopped. I left this out, but if you wanted to add it back in, stir in the chopped ham with the spinach and follow as directed above.
Read and share your thoughts on this story.


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Could this be the Li-Ning Way of Wade 2.0?
I don't know… I can't read Chinese. If you can then feel free to translate what is written in the comment section below. All I can really say is that they look appealing on paper.
Via rafapizarro1
Could this be the Li-Ning Way of Wade 2.0?
I don't know… I can't read Chinese. If you can then feel free to translate what is written in the comment section below. All I can really say is that they look appealing on paper.
Via rafapizarro1
That is EXTREMELY low!!!
Yup its the way of wade 2.0.
nightwing, it says way of wade 2.0, down there says full length carbon fiber, by the way my big brother works for li ning, he told me the shoes that wade wears is full length carbon fiber, the one in the stores are just in the middle man, wade went to china this summer, my big bro was with him the whole time
Roughly translating(bad english, sorry)
Start from the top paragraph:
"Ways of Wade 2.0, The shoes for Flash must be quick enough, therefore purple and gold represent lightning. The shoe is tough, using triangle structure, pure structural function low-cut shoe. While providing protection, it's super light, super responsive cushion design, satisfying your speed."
Top left of the photo
"Structural material support, big triangle ventilation holes to keep the shoe dry for a long time"
Others are too blurry I can't read them, but they are about the traction(bottom) and protection the toes(top right).
i just picked up a pair of the way of wades (in the announcement colorway), and was told that the WoW 2.0 should be out in early december….whether that's true or not i have no idea, just passing on what i heard.
btw, i played in the WoW indoors for 3 hours today, and it is a fantastic shoe, really pleased with it in every conceivable respect…they are very low to the ground, incredibly plush feeling, the rubber on the outsole bites the floor hard, the foam is reliable and unobtrusive….i definitely need a pair of turning points now…
li-ning stepping up their game. the concept art looks good so far, maybe the only thing that can ruin this shoe is if they use cheap material…
have you seen the first WoW shoe its made of Real Leather so they cant mess this one up
bowling shoes
translation of the chinese: The Way of wade 2.0, dwayne "the flash" wade needs speed. That's why the colors, purple and gold, stand for lightning bolts in the air. These kicks have a strong and tough style. Using trangular structure and low cut for performance, the WoWs guarantee protection and light-weight. At the same time it provides super-bouncy cushioning, to satisfy your need for speed.
(ure welcome)
I think I'll act like a groupie the day I see someone rocking either version of this shoe. I saw someone with a backpack once.
I only want to try it due to how rare the first is, but after nw led me to the path of the joker 28. I think I'm done till the bron bron's drop.
Till then…STAY BALLIN BABY
I think they sort of look like the puma "bowling" casual shoes. Let's just hope they look better in person, and are made with quality materials. Can't wait to try something from them when Li-ning makes it big.
"Ask if he knows me?" Someone is getting a little too big a head. C'MON MAN!
First the KD VI with soccer cleats…now these look like bowling shoes indeed!
I have an alleged blurred up pic of the WoW 2 and they don't look close to the diagram. Not sure what to think until we get some official pics in…
Nightwing, I hope you don't mind this…if anybody is still looking for the Wades…hit me up on email firstname.lastname@example.com or check my webshop. Got access to 4 initial colourways.


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Marvellous mosaic design bangles to decorate and wear. Colour in using fine tip glass pens for a fantastic stained glass effect. 54mm diameter.
Thank you for visiting Crystal Mosaic Bangles - Pack of 6 on hundredsofgiftideas.co.uk
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FedEx Office Print & Ship Center
6829 Elm St 110
McLean, VA 22101 US
Printing with FedEx OfficeStart Online Order
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Latest Express DropoffMonday – Friday 8:00 PM Saturday 3:00 PM Sunday No Pickup
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Reviews for this FedEx Office Print & Ship Center2/11/2017I have worked with Amanda on several occasions over the past 3 weeks, and each experience has been fantastic. She is professional,… Read more1/25/2017Your rep Amanda was very nice and helpful and greeted me in a very friendly manner which put my mind at ease , she should be promoted as she… Read more1/13/2017Everything was done professionally and on time. Read more12/13/2016Totally impressed with the service provided by Amanda (who is under training according to her name tag). She greeted me promptly in a cheery… Read more12/5/2016Raj was wonderful to work with ! I came in to print my portfolio. He was very patient in answering all my questions and showed me all… Read more11/18/2016The staffs are always great at this location. Read more11/2/2016Raj is the best I dont let anyone else pack my stuff :). Read more9/26/2016ASMIT was wonderful!! My 6th grader made the final cut to run for school Secretary. We needed fliers printed fast!! I made a few designs on… Read more9/13/2016Great help, and attitude and did a wonderful job on the printing. I love the location because it's so close to my house and I don't have to… Read more9/1/2016The only employee in the store was juggling multiple customers but he was efficient and provided me the receipt for my package right away. Read more8/5/2016The new manager Raj is always smiling, friendly and polite. He always makes it very easy to do business with. Read more8/2/2016Raj helped me print full bleed stationary for my company. He told me that it will be ready in a week and he delivered on his promise. When I… Read more7/26/2016I needed to scan several documents, one of them lengthy, and was having trouble with the self-service scanner (Adobe Acrobat kept… Read more7/17/2016My package contained needlepoint that I had done myself and wanted to SAFELY get to the finisher, but not at a high price, it also had to be… Read more7/13/2016Team member Raj in the McLean VA store helped me during this visit. He was very knowledgeable, friendly and focused. He clearly understood… Read more7/5/2016I always have wonderful interactions with the staff at this location, but today's interaction was so uncharacteristic that it prompted me to… Read more6/5/2016I wish I had known what time the last truck pulled out from the local store because I missed it by about 10 minutes. Perhaps this could be… Read more6/4/2016I missed the pick up truck by just a few minutes... it would be very helpful if you posted on the web site what time the last pickup of the… Read more5/22/2016the agent was courteous and helpful. Read more3/29/2016Sham was very helpful in helping me mark my package. He also checked to make sure my fragile items were correctly packed. Read more
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Get right into the action. Attach your action camera to the top of your stem with the Tate Labs GoPro Stem Cap Mount. Replaces your standard 1 1/8 stem cap.
Thank you for visiting Tate Labs GoPro Stem Cap Mount Computer Spares & Accessories on oakleysbikes.co.uk
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Wrapping My Porsche 991 GT3 Blue by Signature Group
I took my Porsche 991 GT3 to Signature Group to transform what is already an incredible looking car into something truly unique. Never have I seen a wrap done like this before! Check out Signature Group Here: http://www.signature-group.co.uk/ Subscribe to MrJWW: http://bit.ly/1Q2RWK4 Music: https://soundcloud.com/maxzwell/love https://soundcloud.com/l-imperatrice/limperatrice_vanille-fraise?in=tsyn/se ts/tracks-for-jww-v2/s-23PhV https://soundcloud.com/dillistone/dillistone-sad-high You can check out more of my octane filled days here: http://MrJWW.com http://instagram.com/MrJWW http://facebook.com/MrJWW http://twitter.com/HiMrJWW
1991 Porsche 911, Reimagined by Singer - Jay Leno's Garage
1991 Porsche 911, Reimagined by Singer. Feast your eyes on Singer Vehicle Design's meticulously restored and optimized air-cooled Porsche icon. » Subscribe: http://bit.ly/JLGSubscribe » Visit the Official Site: http://bit.ly/JLGOfficialSite THE BEST OF JAY LENO'S GARAGE » Exclusive First Looks: http://bit.ly/JLGExclusives » Ultra Rare Supercars: http://bit.ly/JLGSupercars » Jay's Book Club: http://bit.ly/JLGBookClub JAY LENO'S GARAGE ON SOCIAL Follow Jay: http://Twitter.com/LenosGarage Like Jay: http://Facebook.com/JayLenosGarage ABOUT JAY LENO'S GARAGE A new video every Sunday! Visit Jay Leno's Garage, the Emmy-winning series where Jay Leno gives car reviews, motorcycle reviews, compares cars, and shares his passion and expertise on anything that rolls, explodes, and makes noise. Classic cars, restomods, super cars like the McLaren P1, sports cars like Porsche 918 Spyder and Camaro Z28, cafe racers, vintage cars, and much, much more. Subscribe for more: http://full.sc/JD4OF8 NBC ON SOCIAL: NBC YouTube: http://full.sc/MtLxIM NBC Facebook: http://facebook.com/NBC NBC Twitter: http://twitter.com/NBC NBC Google+: https://plus.google.com/+NBC/posts 1991 Porsche 911, Reimagined by Singer - Jay Leno's Garage http://youtu.be/PemPidqObJ4 Jay Leno's Garage http://www.youtube.com/user/jaylenosgarage
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Implicit Line Continuation in Visual Basic 2010
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In this interview, Doug Rothaus, a programming writer on the Visual Studio User Education team, describes the new implicit line continuation feature in Visual Basic 2010. You can also learn more in his Help topic,
Statements in Visual Basic.
Kathleen McGrath
Visual Studio User Education
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Jim Cornette
Real Name:
Memphis, Tennessee
Marital Status:
Trained by:
Notable Fueds:
Rock N Roll Express
Lex Luger
Shawn Michaels
Combat Zone Wrestling
Jeff Jarrett (TNA)
Homicide (ROH)
Manager's Corner: Jim Cornette
Jim Cornette Gallery
Managers Gallery
Wrestlers who Jim Cornette has Managed:
Midnight Express
Bobby Eaton
Stan Lane
Big Bubba Rogers
The Fantastics
Dynamic Dudes
Rock N Roll Express
Heavenly Bodies
Tom Prichard
Jimmy Del Ray
Al Snow
Jeff Jarrett
New Midnight Express
Salvatore Sincere
Owen Hart
British Bulldog
Ron Powers
The Briscoe Brothers
Matt Morgan
Mid-South Wrestling
1984: Jim Cornette debuted in Mid-South Wrestling as the manager of The Galaxians (Ken Wayne & Danny Davis)..
Jim Cornette managed the
Midnight Express
Bobby Eaton
Dennis Condrey
Jim Cornette and The Midnight Express went after
Magnum TA
Mr Wrestling II
(reigning Mid-South Tag Team Champions)..
~~~They even resorted to the tasteless insult of tarring and feathering Magnum on TV!
Spring 1984: The Midnight Express defeated Magnum TA & Mr Wrestling II to win the Mid-South Tag Team titles..
~~~The Rock n Roll Express spoiled the celebration party by smashing the cake in Cornette's face..
~~~Bill Watts reran the incident repeatedly on Mid-South Television, which enraged Jim Cornette!
~~~Bill Watts ended up slugging Jim Cornette!
~~~Jim Cornette and the Midnight's gained revenge by attacking Watts the following week..
~~~This led to a series of Bill Watts/Junkyard Dog vs Jim Cornette/Midnight Express matches..
The Midnight Express were defeated by Mr Wrestling II & III (masked RockNRoll Express) for the Mid-South tag team titles..
~~~This officially ignited one of the longest running feuds in the history of wrestling..
~~~They traded the belts back and forth and eventually engaged in a series of scaffold matches..
Jim Cornette hired
Hercules Hernandez
as his bodyguard for protection from
Hacksaw Jim Duggan
October 1984: Hercules defeated Jim Duggan faced off at the Superdome in a hair vs. hair match..
~~~But Jim Cornette was the one who wound up bald after all the babyfaces in the arena shaved his head!
Jim Cornette began wearing a mask on Mid-South Television to hide his bald head..
The Midnight Express absolutely demolished The Fantastics with steel chairs during a contract signing..
World Class Championship Wrestling
December 1984: Jim Cornette and the Midnight Express moved to
World Class Championship Wrestling
The Midnight Express defeated the Fantastics to win the World Class Tag Team titles..
National Wrestling Alliance
February 2, 1986: Jim Cornette led the
Midnight Express
) past the
RockNRoll Express
for the NWA World Tag titles..
Great American Bash 1986 Tour: Jim Cornette faced Baby Doll in a series of matches..
Jim Cornette hired
Big Bubba Rogers
as his personal security..
May 16, 1987: Jim Cornette's new Midnight Express (
& Eaton) captured the NWA US Tag Team title, in a 6-team tournament..
September 10, 1988: The Midnight Express defeated
Tully Blanchard
Arn Anderson
for the NWA World Tag Team title..
Dec 1988:
Paul E. Dangerously
brought in the Original Midnight Express (
) to feud with Cornette's Midnight Express..
Starrcade 1988: Jim Cornette's Midnight Express defeated Dangerously's Midnight Express..
Chi-town Rumble 1989: Jim Cornette's Midnight Express defeated Dangerously's Midnight Express (Jack Victory & Rose)..
Clash of the Champions IX: Jim Cornette's Midnight Express defeated the Dynamic Dudes (Shane Douglas and Johnny Ace)..
Great American Bash 1989: Jim Cornette defeated Paul E. Dangerously in a "tuxedo street fight"..
May 19, 1990 - Capitol Combat: The Midnight Express defeated Tom Zenk & Brian Pillman to win their 3rd U.S. Tag Team title..
Jim Cornette left WCW shortly after -- he would jokingly sent a black wreath to WCW president Jim Herd..
Smokey Mountain Wrestling
1991: Jim Cornette left WCW to formed his own wrestling group,
Smoky Mountain Wrestling
Jim Cornette managed the
Heavenly Bodies
--- (
Stan Lane
Tom Prichard
April 1992 - January 1993: Jim Cornette guided the Heavenly Bodies to five Smokey Mountain Tag Team titles..
~~~Stane Lane & Tom Prichard feuded with the Fantastics (Tommy Rogers & Bobby Fulton) and the Rock'n'Roll Express..
~~~When Stan Lane retired and left Smoky Mountain Wrestling, Jim Cornette replaced him with
Jimmy Del Ray
World Wrestling Federation
1993: Jim Cornette, still running his Smoky Mountain promotion, excepted a job with the
World Wrestling Federation
Survivor Series 1993: Jim Cornette signed a deal with the WWF to showcase Smokey Mountain Wrestling on the PPV..
~~~The Heavenly Bodies defeated The RockNRoll Express to win the Smokey Mountain Tag Team titles..
Jim Cornette co-managed (with
Mr. Fuji
) the federation's champion, the late
Royal Rumble 1994: Yokozuna (w/Jim Cornette & Fuji) successfully defended the WWF title against the Undertaker in a casket match..
Wrestlemania XI: Jim Cornette led Yokozuna & Owen Hart to captured the WWF World Tag Team title from Sunny's Smokin' Gunns..
April 8, 1995: Jim Cornette led Buddy Landell to the Smokey Mountain Heavywieght title defeating Bobby Blaze..
In Your House II: Yokozuna & Owen Hart defeated Lex Luger & Davey Boy Smith to retain..
Late 1995: Jim Cornette started managing Davey Boy Smith..
December 1995: Jim Cornette folded his Smoky Mountain Wrestling promotion, then agreed to work full time with the WWF..
Wrestlemania XII: Jim Cornette guided Owen, Davey & Vader to defeat
Ahmed Johnson
Jake "The Snake" Roberts
In Your House III: Jim Cornette guided Vader to a victory over Razor Ramon (
Scott Hall
1997: Jim Cornette was instrumental in introducing a NWA angle, a movement towards more traditional wrestling..
Unforgiven 1998: Jim Cornette's
new Midnight Express
Bart Gunn
Bob Holly
) defeated the Rock 'n' Roll Express..
July 3, 2000: Jim Cornette had surgury for a hernia..
June 1, 2002 - An incident at Bert Prentice's USA Wrestling show in Nashville backstage involving Jim Cornette & Ed Ferrara..
~~~Ed Ferrara went to shake Jim Cornette's hand..
~~~Jim Cornette started telling him off about insulting his friend Jim Ross with the "Oklahoma" gimmick..
~~~Jim Cornette spit in Ed Ferrara's eye before the altercation was broken up backstage..
~~~Ed Ferrara asked what was that for, and Jim Cornette said, that it was for JR!
Ohio Valley Wrestling and Ring of Honor
Jim Cornette helped create
Ohio Valley Wrestling
, which would be used as a developmental system for the WWF/E..
July 26, 2002: Jim Cornette's mother, Thelma, passed away at the age of 68 after a long battle with Cancer -- RIP..
August 9, 2003 - ROH
: Jim Cornette made an appearance in Ring of Honor and recieved an amazing response from the crowd!
~~~Jim Cornette was named the newest member of The Prophecy (an Anti-ROH faction) by Chris Daniels..
~~~~~AJ Styles & Homicide w/Julius Smokes defeated Chris Daniels & Danny Maff w/Jim Cornette & Allison Danger..
~~~~~After the match, Jim Cornette shook hands with Styles & Homicide so the Prophecy attacked Cornette!
~~~~~~Somoa Joe & Amazing Red ran out to make the save | Jim Cornette then cut a promo praising Ring of Honor..
~~~The story was that Jim Cornette began not respecting the ROH product, but changed his mind by the end of the night!
~~~Jim Cornette finished the night off by leading a thunderous "ROH! ROH! ROH" chant..
November 1, 2003 - ROH
: Jim Cornette made his 2nd appearance at ROH, managing
The Briscoe Brothers
to Tag Team gold!
~~~Jim Cornette was paid a whopping $1500 for this appearance in which took place in Elizabeth, New Jersey..
May 2004: Jim Cornette is suffering from an enlarged voice box, caused by his years screaming as a manager and commentator..
October 2, 2004 - ROH
: Jim Cornette & The Midnight Express (Bobby Eaton, Dennis Condrey & Stan Lane) three hour Q&A..
December 4, 2004 - ROH
: Jim Cornette faced off with
Bobby "The Brain" Heenan
in the "Great Managerial Debate"..
~~~Jim Cornette praised Bobby Heenan, before turning heel and telling Heenan to DIE and let him be #1 for a change!
~~~TAG MATCH: Colt Cabana & Jimmy Jacobs w/Bobby Heenan defeated Roderick Strong & Jack Evans w/Jim Cornette..
~~~~~~The match was rightfully over-shadowed by the Jim Cornette vs Bobby Heenan antics outside of the ring..
January 8, 2005--Carolina Championship Wrestling: RnR Express b Dennis Condrey & Bobby Eaton w/Jim Cornette in a Cage match..
January 29, 2005 - WrestleReunion
: The RnR Express & The Fantastics beat The Midnight Express (Condrey/Eaton/Lane/Cornette)..
February 26, 2005 - ROH
: Colt Cabana & Nigel McGuinness w/Bobby Heenan defeated Dan Maff & BJ Whitmer w/Jim Cornette..
May 10, 2005: Jim Cornette was given a "leave of absense" from his duties at OVW - Tommy Dreamer and Lance Storm will fill in..
May 17, 2005--OVW TV Taping: Jim Cornette explained he would not be back until he had full control of Ohio Valley Wrestling..
June 14, 2005--OVW TV Taping: Jim Cornette said he was back and revealed that it was Kenny Bolin who tried to get him fired..
July 2005: Jim Cornette reportedly slapped a wrestler backstage after laughing during an "serious" angle on Television..
July 1, 2005--OVW Six Flags: Team OVW w/Jim Cornette defeated Team Bolin w/Kenny Bolin..
~~~Team OVW (Nick Dinsmore/Elijah Burke/Brent Albright) defeated Team Bolin (Mike Mondo/Ken Doane/Blaster Lashley)..
July 8, 2005: WWE decided to release Jim Cornette from his contract and relieve him of his OVW duties..
~~~It should be noted that Jim Cornette remember apart of OVW, but was removed from his creative roll (replaced by Paul Heyman)..
August 20, 2005--NWA Legends Convention: The RNR Express beat Midnight Express w/Cornette with Tommy Young as referee..
Ring of Honor
October 2, 2005 - ROH
: Jim Cornette was announced as the NEW Authority Figure in Ring of Honor..
October 15, 2005--Christian Wrestling Entertainment: Matt Morgan (managed by Jim Cornette) squashed Timmy J and Jet Asher..
November 19, 2005--Tribute to Starrcade: Brad Armstrong/Jeff Hardy/Jerry Lawler beat Dennis Condrey/Bobby Eaton/Jim Cornette..
January 2006: Jim Cornette suffered a back injury when he fell down the stairs and had to cancel his ROH appearance..
March 5, 2006--Legends PPV: Bob & Scott & Brad Armstrong w/Bobby Heenan beat The Midnight Express w/Jim Cornette..
April 22, 2006 - ROH
: ROH's Jim Cornette & CZW's John Zandig had a debate which ended in a big Interpromotional match..
~~~Team CZW (Chris Hero & Necro Butcher & Super Dragon) defeated Team ROH (Samoa Joe & B.J. Whitmer & Adam Pearce)..
April 28, 2006 - ROH
: Jim Cornette cut a promo on CZW and wanted to call them chickens, but didn't want to insult the chickens..
April 29, 2006 - ROH
: Jim Cornette announced that he needed knee surgery and appointed Adam Pearce as Deputy Commissioner..
Total Nonstop Action - The Public Face of TNA Management
June 18, 2006 - TNA Slammiversary
: Jim Cornette debuted as the Public Face of TNA Management vowing to clean up TNA..
~~~In the main event: A 5-WAY King of the Mountain Match ended in controversy and Cornette ended up holding up the World Title!
June 22, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette came out and declared the NWA World title vacant and would make a decision next week..
July 15, 2006 - Ring of Honor
: Jim Cornette cut a severely anti-Vince McMahon promo and trashed the new ECW on Sci-FI..
~~~Jim Cornette was heavily involved in the ROH vs CZW Cage of the Death match and issued a whipping to Homicide afterwards..
August 3, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette held a "Team Meeting" and booked some matches for the Hard Justice PPV and next week..
August 31, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jeff Jarrett led a horrible in-ring segment with Jim Cornette ordering a Lie Detector Test next week..
September 7, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jeff Jarrett failed the Lie Detector Test and found out he'd face Samoa Joe at No Surrender..
September 14, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette held a town meeting with the ring surrounded by fans who wanted revenge on Jarrett..
September 16, 2006 - Ring of Honor
: Jim Cornette has turned into a heel Commissioner and is hell-bent on destroying Homicide..
September 22, 2006--NWA Wrestle Birmingham: Dennis Condrey w/Jim Cornette beat Jeff Jarrett w/Ronnie P. Gossett by DQ
September 24, 2006 - TNA No Surrender
: Jim Cornette announced a new prime time for TNA on SpikeTV and the signing of Kurt Angle!!
November 4, 2006 - Ring of Honor
: Jim Cornette fired Homicide -- but insteaded ended up getting himself fired by the end of the night!
November 16, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette interviewed the MLB World Series MVP from the Louisville Slugger Museum...
November 23, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette wanted to strip LAX of their Tag Team titles but they had a lawyer that prevented it!
December 11, 2006 - TNA Turning Point
: Jim Cornette did an in ring segment with World Series MVP David Eskstein for publicity..
December 14, 2006 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette replaced Don West on commentary for one night after Kurt Angle took out West..
March 15, 2007 - TNA iMPACT
: Jim Cornette announced the captains for the Lethal Lockdown match at the Lockdown PPV..


text:
I grew one once - must be about 30 years ago. My oldest son
produced the seeds - I did'nt ask where he got them - didn't want
to know. It was a handsome plant, and I was glad to have it. Then ]
I was elected president of the local garden club, and one night I
dreamed that the local paper had a headline "Garden Club president
brought up on marijuana charges." I gave the plant away.
Then a few years later were staying at the Sheraton Hotel in Dover
Delaware - which we have done on numerous occasions. As we
were loading the car to leave, I observed that behind the handsome
plantings in front of the hotel was a healthy row of cannabis plants.
The next time we stayed there, they were gone.
In a message dated 12/01/2005 8:46:35 PM Eastern Standard Time,
email@example.com writes:
It's a nice looking structural plant, I'd love to have a few along the back
fence. But oh well. I'll have to settle for cannas instead of cannabis for
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE GARDENCHAT


text:
Tifosi RadiusItem #TFW122
VIP:$62.96 Get This Price
Loading product details ...
Reviews (1)
Need Help?
Product Description:
Tifosi Radius :: Tifosi Sport Optics are lighweight, precisely fitted, supremely technical sunglasses designed for runners, triathletes, cyclists, golfers and all sporting enthusiasts. Shatter-proof polycarbonate lenses offer 100% protection from harmful UVA/UVB light and are decentered for optical clarity. Many styles offer adjustable nose pads and ear pads for the perfect fit; all hydrophilic rubber nose and ear pads resist slipping. Frames are made of durable, flexible TR-90 Grilamid.
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text:
Hotel I Fiorino
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travelers also looked at:
TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel I Fiorino Montelupo Fiorentino
Travel Blogs from Montelupo Fiorentino
Parla americano?
... strong that they persist, regardless of the changes that the modern world might impose. It's a beautiful country with a beautiful and illustrious history; Florence, for all of the changes that the modern world has brought within its ancient city walls, still maintains the classic Tuscan beauty that it's always had. It truly is a wonderful place, and as long as I swallow my touristic guilt, I can honestly say I absolutely loved my time ...
Florence: Firenze
... down to the bus stop in the morning. Really gave us the 'welcome to Tuscany' feel. Bus-ed into town successfully, turned the corner and came face to face with Cattredale di Santa Maria del Fiore and all was forgiven. Talk about impressive! Great combined tickets (of which Giddo was free, and the boys were discounts) meant was got to do the duomo, cupola, campinelle and bapistry for a reasonable price. It was simply amazing. ...
Day 65 - Florence - Venice
... I got through the 2.5 hour trip without getting my ticket checked once! Phew. After that I new it was a good day and that I was going to love Venice. I found my hostel which was lovely and small and a little bit out of town so away from the hustle and bustle. And luckily for me Venice is so small that even being out of town it doesn't take much to walk right into the middle. I settled in easily and was nice and excited so I set out ...
Jet lagged in Florence
... from you. That and doors are the 2 most photographed things so far. We stopped at a restaurant in the piazza with the merry go round since they had a TV playing the Italy vs Costa Rica World Cup game outside on the patio. The patio was large and it was packed, plus people were packed outside of it just to watch! Lots of yelling at the tv, and one guy had a big Italian flag he'd wave around when they blocked a goal or ...
Firenze is like a rich meal
... early recipe dictates: 1/1,5 kg, 3 fingers thick, 3-5 minutes grilling per side (flipping it only once) and 5-7 minutes vertically standing on its bone so as to make the blood drain out.
I am actually drinking red wine with my meals now. I am curious to see if I continue when I get home. ...


text:
The I-15/Starr Avenue Interchange adds a key link to one of the most highly traveled corridors in the country. It will enhance local access and mobility by connecting Starr Avenue from the west side of I-15 at Dean Martin Drive to the east side of I-15 at Las Vegas Boulevard. The project will help reduce crashes and alleviate existing and projected congestion on local streets that access I-15 and I-215 via Eastern Avenue, Cactus Avenue, and St. Rose Parkway.
The scope of this project is to design and construct the new interchange. The design consists of raising the I-15 freeway over Starr Avenue, while Starr Avenue remains at its existing grade.
Click here for a bird's eye animation of the interchangeClick here for a drive-through animation of I-15 Northbound over StarrClick here for a drive-through animation of the I-15 Southbound Exit Ramp Click here for our fact sheet Click here for our frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Other aspects of the project:
is delivering the project via the traditional design-bid-build method. Design
is under way and is being conducted by NDOT's professional engineers. Construction is expected to being mid-to-late 2017 and be completed by the end of 2018.
Final Design: Winter 2016
Construction estimated to begin: Summer/Fall 2017
Construction expected to complete: Winter 2018.
The Starr Interchange project is being funded by federal, state, and local Fuel Revenue Indexing (FRI) sources. The estimated construction cost is $42 - $54 million.
Bird's Eye View RenderingPublic Meeting Handout MaterialsEnvironmental Assessment Report Environmental Assessment Appendices Frequently Asked Questions Fact Sheet
Ryan Wheeler, PE
NDOT Senior Project Manager
(702) 278-3391


text:
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Gloria Papiez, Acting Director and Director of Administration
Gloria Papiez was appointed the Acting Director of DFI on November 1, 2016. She has been with the agency since January of 2000 and prior to her appointment as the Acting Director served as the Deputy Director and Director of Administration for the Department. Gloria has over 30 years of experience working for state government including 6 years as the Assistant Director for Administration with the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission, and 10 years with the State Auditor's Office as Assistant Director for Audit.
Gloria is a 1980 graduate of the University of Washington with a BA in Business Administration and is a Retired CPA and member of the Washington Society of Certified Public Accountants. She currently serves on the Governor's Results Washington Goal Council for Economic Vitality. Gloria is married and has two grown sons and when not working enjoys most of what Washington has to offer, including boating, skiing, and golfing.
Charles Clark, Acting Deputy Director/Director of Consumer Services
Charlie Clark was appointed Acting Deputy Director of the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) on November 1, 2016. He also continues to serve as Director of the Division of Consumer Services within DFI, having been appointed to that role on January 1, 2015. As Director of Consumer Services, he oversees the regulation of residential mortgage lenders and servicers, mortgage brokers, escrow agents, consumer finance companies, payday lenders, and money transmitters. Charlie previously served as the Program Manager of the Division's Enforcement Unit since 2012. Prior to joining the DFI, Charlie represented the DFI as its lead litigation counsel as an Assistant Attorney General from 2005 through 2011. Prior to joining the Attorney General's Office, he worked as an attorney in private practice.
Charlie currently sits on the Board of Directors and serves as Vice President of the American Association of Residential Mortgage Regulators. He received his undergraduate degree in Accounting and an M.B.A. from California State University, Sacramento. He received a J.D. degree in 1997 from the University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law.
Linda Jekel, Director of Credit Unions
Linda Jekel was appointed State of Washington's Director of the Division of Credit Unions (Division) in 2002. The Division supervises state chartered credit unions. She has been a regulator since 1989. She is active with the National Association of State Credit Union Supervisors (NASCUS) since 1995, was Chairman in 2005-2007 and continued to serve on its board of directors from 2003 to 2016. Prior to her regulator experience, she worked for Heritage Federal Savings (now Heritage Bank) in various management and lending positions.
Linda is also a member of the Financial Education Public-Private Partnership (FEPPP). She is a strong advocate when it comes to getting financial education into the school system.
A Seattle native, Linda earned her Masters of Business Administration degree with a finance concentration from Pacific Lutheran University and achieved a graduate banking certificate from Pacific Coast Banking School in 1997. She is married with two adult children. She enjoys reading mysteries and traveling.
William M. Beatty, Director of Securities
William M. Beatty was appointed Securities Administrator of the Washington Securities Division in July, 2010. Bill's career at the Division began in 1986 and he has served stints as a staff attorney, general counsel, and program manager.
He has served on various North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) project groups, task forces, and committees since 1990. He is currently NASAA's President.
He received a BA from the University of Puget Sound and a JD from Seattle University School of Law.


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[OC] Ability to think is more important ........ -Albert Einstein [2048 x 1536] Found this at local school wall located in Bhaktapur, Nepal. (imgur.com)
submitted 4 years ago by manishsuwal
there doesn't seem to be anything here
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