text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 26, 2010
|Filing date
|Mar 25, 2004
|Priority date
|Mar 25, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael A. Pouchak, Paul Wacker
|Original Assignee
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (56), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (42), Classifications (23), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention is related to the field of heating and/or hot water boilers, and more particularly, to methods and devices for controlling multi-stage boiler systems.
Recent innovations in boiler technologies have led to the introduction of modular boiler systems making use of several small boilers for applications where, in the past, a single, larger boiler may have been used. Such modular systems are often adaptable for changing uses over time when, for example, an addition may necessitate greater boiler capacity than that originally needed in a building.
One of the challenges in such a system is the need to identify efficient operational modes given changing heat loads over time. In a given system, different times of the day may require different amounts of heat production. For example, given a relatively simple example of a three boiler system, during setback periods (e.g. night), only one of the boilers may be needed to satisfy the heat load of the building. During a warmup period (e.g. early morning) following a setback period, all three boilers may be needed, while during ordinary operation (e.g. late morning), only two boilers may be needed, and during light ordinary operation (e.g. mid-afternoon) a single boiler may be sufficient.
Control of such boiler systems can be further complicated by the relative efficiencies of certain boilers. For example,
An illustrative embodiment of the present invention may include a method for controlling a multi-stage boiler system. This may include controlling the staging, modulation and/or both. In one illustrative embodiment, the number of stages to be used is determined in a staging control sequence in response to a heating load, and in some cases, the individual stages are modulated to meet a heating load. In some embodiments, the staging control sequence may include observation of both heating load and the rate of change of the heating load. In another illustrative embodiment, the staging control compares a measured temperature to a setpoint and monitors changes in the measured temperature to make staging decisions. Various control methods are also provided to help achieve improved stability and efficiency, as desired.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For the purposes herein, both the terms boiler and stage are used. A stage represents a heating element having a heat exchanger for heating a circulating or working fluid. A boiler is a device for warming a circulating or working fluid that includes one or more stages. While the following description focuses primarily on hot water boilers, the methods illustrated herein are also suitable for boilers that operate where the circulating fluid can be another substance or may undergo a phase change or be a gas, such as steam boilers.
For some of the following illustrative embodiments, methods of boiler control are provided wherein there are a number of selectable control modes. One of the selectable control modes in some embodiments is a "efficiency optimized mode" designed to operate system components in operational ranges associated with higher efficiency. For boilers operating with efficiency curves similar to those illustrated in
In an illustrative example of an optimization method, a number of boilers may be controlled by a single controller that performs staging of the boilers and also outputs a modulation signal to each boiler. The modulation signal may be, for example, a total heat command output. For the illustrative example, the staging may be performed such that, if at a given time a number of boilers X are operating, an additional boiler is activated when it is determined that the system is operating under relatively stable load conditions and the heating output is outside of a throttling range. In a further step of the illustrative example, a stage is deactivated when the X stages then operating are operating in a stable fashion above a throttling range. Yet another illustrative example may remove stages from the set of active stages when necessary to reduce heat output.
In another illustrative example of an optimization method (using the graph in
For example, if a single boiler is operating, and the maximum efficiency for the boiler occurs when operating at 25% of its maximum heat output, then a second boiler may be added when the first boiler reaches a 50% output. Two boilers may remain running until it becomes possible to have only one boiler operating at maximum efficiency. For example, when two boilers are running at 25% and producing more heat than needed, the first boiler may be shut off so that the second boiler can resume operating at a level below 50%. In this example, the first boiler, rather than the second boiler, goes off because the system is operating in a first on/first off method. If there is a lower limit for boiler operation (for example, around 20% of maximum firing rate), then a boiler may shut off as soon as the minimum firing rate is reached, causing the other boiler(s) to provide the added load.
For the purposes herein, the sensor that senses the fluid temperature prior to the secondary heat exchanger 16 may be referred to as the inlet sensor 24. The sensor that senses the fluid temperature between the secondary heat exchanger 16 and the primary heat exchanger 14 of the mixture of return and output water directed back through the bypass valve may be referred to as the bypass sensor 26. The sensor sensing temperature of fluid after the primary heat exchanger 14 may be referred to as the output sensor 22.
If the temperature sensed by the bypass temperature sensor 26 is too low, the bypass water temperature may be low enough to cause condensation in the primary heat exchanger 14. In some cases, this may cause damage to the primary heat exchanger. In response to the bypass temperature sensor 26, the bypass valve 20 may open to a greater degree to allow output water to feed back to the return flow and warm the temperature sensed at the bypass sensor 26. If the bypass valve 20 is already fully open, the firing rate of the boiler may also be adjusted to increase its heat output. Copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/809,116, entitled FORWARD CALCULATION ENERGY AUGMENTATION METHOD, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,904,874; which is expressly incorporated herein by reference, illustrates various methods for overcoming low bypass temperatures and avoiding condensation in the primary heat exchanger 14.
The combustion/purge blower 18 may be a variable frequency drive unit that can provide a variable firing rate for the boiler. In the illustrative example, an air/gas valve and mixer modulates the fuel mix as well to modify heat output of the boiler. When the variable frequency drive of the blower 18 operates at an increased level, the blower 18 increases the heating output of the boiler by using a greater volume of air/fuel mixture, and forces a greater amount of flue gasses 17 to the secondary heat exchanger 16.
During operation, the secondary heat exchanger 16 typically warms inlet water before it enters the primary heat exchanger 14. As flue gasses 17 pass through the secondary heat exchanger 16, condensate can form inside the secondary heat exchanger 16, which in some cases, is designed and adapted to handle condensation without resulting in excessive corrosion and/or damage.
The cold water return issue points out that, while an efficiency optimized control method provides advantages in some circumstances, there may be times where other control methods may prove to be more suitable. Additional concerns include but are not limited to stability issues, short cycles, changing loads, and moving setpoints. For example, some industrial processes are such that switching boilers in and out is not tolerable due to temperature variations that can accompany such switching.
For another example, certain applications (such as sidewalk de-icing) can result in large drops in water temperature such that the inlet water temperature drops dramatically. Low inlet water temperatures can lead to low bypass temperatures which, in turn, can result in low bypass temperatures. Systems having bypass valves 20 can be adapted to compensate for some temperature drop (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,694,927 to Pouchak et al., which is incorporated herein by reference). However, in many cases, a 1% increase in firing rate can have a greater effect on bypass temperature than a 1% opening of a bypass valve. However, with an efficiency optimized method the increased firing rate, if spread across two boilers, can increase output to the point where it causes short cycling or repeated cycling of the entire system.
Taking the above into account, an example situation where a non-efficiency optimized method may be useful is as follows. Supposing two boilers are on and operating at a relatively low output level of, perhaps, 30% of maximum output, but the sensed bypass temperatures become low enough to create possible condensation in the primary heat exchanger, even with the bypass valve 20 of each boiler fully opened. One solution as proposed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/809,116 entitled FORWARD CALCULATION ENERGY AUGMENTATION METHOD, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,904,874 is to increase the firing rates of each boiler, which in turn may push the output above its setpoint. However, this may cause instability in the system operation as well as increased cycling that may reduce the efficiency of the system. This may also introduce additional wear on the individual burners, gas valves, and other parts. Instead of cycling two boilers, a non-efficiency optimized method could be initiated in which only one of the boilers would operate, modulated to about 70% of its heat capacity.
Assuming efficiency curves as shown in
In the illustrative embodiment, the temperature control module 28 receives a signal 36 from the output temperature sensor 22, a signal 38 from the inlet temperature sensor 24, and (optionally) a signal 44 from an outdoor air temperature sensor 42. The bypass temperature control module 32 receives a set point signal and a signal 40 from the bypass temperature sensor 26. The bypass temperature control module 32 provides a signal 46 to the bypass valve 20, and may also provide a signal to the flame safety controller 30 for controlling the firing rate (connection not shown), as needed.
A flame safety controller 30 is coupled to the mode control module 34 as well as the boiler temperature control module 28. In response to a signal 74 from the boiler temperature control module 28, the flame safety controller 30 communicates with the blower 18, ignition controls 56 and the gas valve 60 to control burning of gas in the boiler. The mode control module 34 receives status signals 64, 68, 70, 72, 76, 78 from the various system components. The flame safety controller 30 and the boiler temperature control module 28 are coupled together via a number of boiler safety switches 66, and a status signal 68 for the boiler safety switches 66 is also provided to the mode control module 34.
The BIC 10 of
In the illustrative embodiment, the boiler system controller 108 is also coupled to a system supply temperature sensor 112 and a system return temperature sensor 114. The outputs of either or both of the sensors 112, 114 may be used by the boiler system controller 108 to indicate present load conditions (various other sensors may also be used independently or in conjunction with sensors 112, 114). Typically, the system return temperature sensor 114 provides an output that is compared to a set point, and the system 100 is adjusted by the boiler system controller 108 to adjust the heating output provided. The system controller 108 is able to send both enable/disable (or active/inactive) control signals and capacity or firing rate signals to the modular boiler controllers 104. When the system controller 108 calls for a modular boiler 102 to be active, the corresponding modular boiler controller 104 will activate the boiler 102. The boiler 102 will then activate an internal pump to pull circulating fluid into the boiler, causing it to be heated and returned to the system. While a parallel configuration is illustrated, any of a number of parallel, series, or combination parallel/series boiler configurations may be used and still be within the scope of the present invention.
The stage node 220 is a communications and control node that is coupled to an active energy source, and may take the form of a BIC 10 as illustrated above. The stage node includes a local bypass controller 222, control and runtime status 224 (which may take the form of an array or other data structure), a stage and variable firing drive actuator node 226, a queue and buffer control 228, and network interface 230. A mode controller 232 is also included in the stage node.
In operation, the temperature controller 208 provides a firing rate demand signal to the analog stage controller 212 and a stage temperature demand signal to the stager 210. The sequencer module 202 receives a stage call from the stager 210 and provides a sequencing information signal to the runtime and mode stage controller 204. The mode signal is further passed onto the network interface 216 for sending to individual nodes via the stage node 220 network interfaces 230, which is then passed to the individual node mode controller 232.
The analog stage controller 212 then provides a firing rate system signal and status signal to the network interface 216, again for passing along to the individual stages. The stage status array 206 receives stage number and firing rate signals from the runtime and mode stage controller 204 to provide status signals to the controller 204, as well as receiving boiler identification, mode and run-time information from the network interface 216, also for supply to the mode stage controller 204.
The stage status array 206 thus receives status information both from the sequencer 200 (via the runtime and mode stage controller 204) and from the individual stage node 220. Between the stage status array 206 and the runtime and stage mode controller 204, the operation of individual stages can be checked so that, if a stage is malfunctioning, the runtime and stage mode controller 204 may shift heat load to a different stage.
For certain operation methods, the runtime of individual stages may be tracked and used. For example, to equalize runtime between stages, the stage status array 206 and/or the runtime and mode stage controller 204 may keep track of runtime for individual stages. Then, when the stager 210 calls for heat, the runtime and mode stage controller 204 will have ranked the individual stages in terms of which stage should be used next to improve runtime equalization. The call for heat will then be passed along to the highest ranked stage/boiler.
For the graphical example, each boiler is assumed to have a maximum efficiency when operating at 25% of maximum heat output. Typically, the firing rate is then scaled for 0% to 100%, with 0% firing rate understood as being the firing rate at minimum heat output. From a lowest capacity in a three boiler system, one boiler is on at its output capacity of 25%=about 8.3% of total system capacity, and the heating output goes up from left to right. The relative minimum output capacity may vary depending on the actual boiler used. For illustrative purposes 25% is shown.
In the illustrative embodiment, only a single boiler stays on until a second boiler can be added at about its maximum efficiency and minimum output 25%. Therefore the first boiler stays on alone until it approaches and reaches 50% of its maximum firing rate (about 16.6% of maximum system output), when the second boiler joins in. In the illustrative embodiment, when multiple boilers operate, a modulating step is adapted to modulate the individual boilers to equalize the load carried by each boiler. Thus, both boilers may operate at the same firing rate, which steadily increases with the increasing heat load.
Continuing with the above example, the first and second boilers remain on with the third boiler off until the third boiler can join at its maximum efficiency. This occurs when the first and second boilers are at 38% of their maximum output. Then, the third boiler is added with each of the three boilers operating at their maximum efficiency. Once all three boilers are on, the heat load is spread evenly across the three boilers.
The response output shown in
As further shown in
Because an added boiler provides a minimum amount of heat (i.e. does not modulate smoothly to zero percent output), stability can be compromised by over-cycling. Also, a condensing boiler system, each time the boiler is cycled on, there is an increased level of condensation likely in the primary heat exchanger, which quickly warm up to avoid internal condensation. These, among other reasons, provide cause to avoid over-cycling.
Once the second boiler comes on, the two boilers operate with a deadband around the 25% level. A third boiler is not added until the output approaches the 40% level. Again, ideally the third boiler would come on at the 25% level, where each boiler could operate at a maximum efficiency at an output capacity of 25%. However, to limit cycling, the third boiler is not added until later, as shown. Just before the time the third boiler is added, the other two boilers operate at about 60% of their maximum output.
The illustrative system may include a first-on, first-off method, wherein boilers are turned off in the order they are turned on. For example, as the load falls, the first boiler will be the first one to be shut down, since it was the first one turned on. As noted, the command method is actually proportional-derivative. As can be seen, the load falls quite quickly as it approaches the 20% level. Because of the large (negative) derivative of the load line, the first boiler shuts down before the 20% level is reached (at about 24% or so). Note that the derivative of the rising load line in
Again, the deadband means that the first boiler does not shut down until the overall load nears 24%, meaning each of the three boilers operates at about 24% of its maximum heat output just before the first boiler goes offline. When the first boiler goes offline, the other boilers then spread the load equally, meaning that each boiler goes up to about 36% of maximum firing rate. While not shown in
While the above charts and graphs provide illustrative examples of staging and modulation control methods, it should be understood that the exact numbers and levels, as well as the system size, are provided for the purpose of explanation. The present invention is not limited to the shown sizes, efficiencies, transitions or rates, and the graphs are not necessarily to scale. Furthermore, the methods illustrated herein may be modified in a number of manners, for example, to use either a first-on, first-off staging method or a first-on, last-off staging method. Another example includes a method where a hierarchy among several burners is established wherein one or more boilers may be preferred.
Also, while the examples in
Next, a rate of change of the error (rate) is calculated, also in the settings block 302. It should be noted that the staging routine occurs every fifteen seconds, such that for the illustrative example, the rate variable shown is in terms of degrees Celsius per fifteen seconds of time. In the illustrative embodiment, the rate of change is also based on the system return temperature, and is the difference between the current measured value and an old measured value. In several embodiments, the system in which the stager routine of
Having calculated the rate, the illustrative method then updates the old measured value by replacing it with the new measured value, and storing the current measured value for the next cycle of the method (not shown in block form but part of the settings block 302 as well).
Next, the total error is set as a proportional/derivative measurement by subtracting the rate times a scaling factor, k, (in the illustrative example, the scaling factor is three) from the current error (again, part of settings block 302). This P/D error value may of course be modified by including a scaling factor not equal to one for the current error or by using a different scaling factor for the rate. Usually such changes may rely upon various system characteristics including but not limited to the cycling time, the size of boilers in use, the amount of circulating fluid, the types of heat losses anticipated, ongoing system uses, etc.
In some systems, where special uses are planned, additional meters or sensors may be used to modify the scaling factors. For example, if the boiler system is coupled to a pavement de-icing system, a sensor may sense outdoor temperatures to determine whether it is likely that de-icing will be needed. If so, the scaling factor for the current error may be reduced relative to the scaling factor for the rate to encourage use of a lesser number of boilers at higher firing rates to avoid problems that can result from low bypass temperatures.
The next two steps shown in the pseudocode 300 of the illustrative staging method in
In the illustrative embodiment, the stage delay, while not necessary, aids with stability because it takes time for a boiler to activate and begin producing significant amounts of heat, and because it takes time for some of the various sensors in the system to sense increased heat production. Thus, if staging is not delayed by a given period of time, the effects of newly activated boilers may not be sensed before more boilers are activated, leading to overshoot. For example, given an increase in load, a system operating on one boiler may have to add a second boiler. As the second boiler starts up, it will provide negligible heat for a period of time. The temperatures and error sensed may continue in a direction indicating additional heat is needed, without it being known what effect the second boiler will have once it is fully up and running. This could lead to a third boiler being activated, causing overshoot. The use of the stage delay may aid in preventing such overshoot.
The stage delay check 306 for the "ADD" loop 308 is performed in pseudocode with an IF statement checking for a stage delay of less than or equal to zero. Assuming a fifteen second cycle rate through the pseudocode, the stage delay check 306 for the "ADD" loop 308 delays for 8*15 seconds, or two minutes, after a boiler has been added. This dampens any overshoot when a stage is added. The stage delay check 310 for the "REMOVE" loop 312 only determines if the stage delay is less than or equal to four, meaning the "REMOVE" loop 312 is only disabled for 4*15 seconds, or one minute. Therefore, a stage may be removed faster than a stage is added, though there is still a delay in the illustrative embodiment. The method thus accounts for the fact that a stage, when deactivated, can stop providing heat to the rest of the system almost immediately.
If the stage delay check 306 yields a positive result, the method continues with the "ADD" loop 308. For the "ADD" loop 308, the check on the error and rate goes as follows. First, once in the "ADD" loop 308, the value for the stage delay is set to zero, preventing errors resulting from overflow of the stage delay variable if, as is typical, it is stored in binary form. Next, an IF statement compares the error to a throttling range, and compares the rate to a selected value. Note that this is the "ADD" loop 308. Therefore the rate is compared to a positive temperature value. As such, if the rate indicates that the temperature is rising at a high enough rate, the method will not add another boiler. It should be noted again that the rate is provided in terms of degrees Celsius per fifteen seconds. The value of 1/128 used in the illustrative method indicates that a high degree of stability or a dropping temperature is a threshold for stage addition. If the temperature is shown to be rising, even with large error, it may remain unclear whether the error can/will be remedied without adding another boiler.
It should also be noted that when the measured temperature is below the setpoint, the error will have a positive value. If the error is above the throttling range, and the rate is low enough, the stage routine of
After the "ADD" loop 308, the next step is another stage delay check 310 for the "REMOVE" loop 312. If the stage delay check 306 for the "ADD" loop 308 fails, the method would instead go directly to the stage delay check 310 for the "REMOVE" loop 312 rather than going into the "ADD" loop 308. In any event, the method reaches the stage delay check 310 for the "REMOVE" loop 312.
As noted above, in the illustrative example, the "REMOVE" loop 312 operates with less stage delay than the "ADD" loop 308. While this is not required, it is included in some embodiments. If desired, the reverse of this method may be employed. For example, in an application where it is important to assure that circulating fluid temperatures remain above a certain level, quick addition and slow subtraction may be accomplished by modifying the stage delay checks discussed above.
If the stage delay check 310 is passed, the method continues with the "REMOVE" loop 312. As shown in the pseudocode 300, the remove loop compares the error to the negative of the throttling range and the rate to a temperature rate value. The reason for the negative sign on the throttling range is simple: error will be negative when the temperature is above the setpoint. Likewise, the rate is checked to be greater than a negative value because, even if the temperature is above the setpoint and out of the throttling range, if the temperature is dropping quickly it may yet fall back into the range. In other embodiments, the comparisons in the "ADD" loop 308 and the "REMOVE" loop 312 may be different in a number of ways. For example, using a different throttling range for each loop 308, 312, or a different error or rate calculation can change the system operation. If the IF condition of the "REMOVE" loop 312 is met, then the method reduces the number of stages requested by one and sets the stage delay to eight again.
After the "REMOVE" loop 312 is complete, the method goes to a wait block 314 where it waits for the next cycle through the pseudocode to occur. As noted above, each cycle through the pseudocode may be spaced by a time period of, for example, ten to one-hundred-twenty seconds, though both longer and shorter intervals may be used. For the illustrative embodiment, the cycle through the pseudocode has a period of about fifteen seconds. If the stage delay check 310 for the "REMOVE" loop 312 fails, the method also goes to the wait block 314.
With the stager routine of
Because of minimum output levels that may exist with individual stages, the actual heat provided by each stage may not always be the same as the heat command supplied to the stage. In an illustrative example, the heat output of a stage, as a percent of the stage's maximum heat output, may be one of: zero, if the stage is not enabled; the minimum heat output, if the stage is enabled but the heat command is below the minimum heat output; a percentage corresponding to the heat command level if the stage is enabled and the heat command is above the minimum heat output level and below the maximum heat output; or 100% if the heat command is above the maximum heat output.
Next, the individual stages are set in a loop 322. For each z less than the number of stages configured, the subsequent instructions are performed. A first check is on the number of stages requested, as shown at 324. If no stages are requested, then the heat command for each stage is set to zero. Next, the stages that can be set to 100% output (maximum output) are set at that level. This is done using a subtraction type of process, wherein if the total heat command is greater than one hundred times one plus z divided by the number of stages configured, the zth stage is set to 100%.
For example, if the total heat command is set at twenty (20% of maximum heat output), and there are sixteen stages, for z=0 (the first stage), the comparison to heat command total would yield 20=Heat_Command_Total>((0+1)*100)/16=6.25. Therefore the first stage (z=0) would receive a heat command for its maximum output (Heat_Command[z]=100). Given the same numbers, the second and third stages (z=1 and z=2) would also be set to their maximum output. Continuing, for the fourth stage (z=3) the comparison would yield an untrue result, since 20<25=((3+1)*100)/16, and no more 100% stages would be filled, completing that step 326.
Then, the empty stages are set in step 328. If the total heat command is less than z times one hundred divided by the number of stages configured, then the zth stage is set to zero. For example, using the above numbers, for the fifth stage (z=4), 20<4*100/16=25. For higher stages, the inequality would again yield a true result, such that for z greater than or equal to four, the stage would be set to zero heat command.
Because staging and modulation are separate, the zero heat command stages may still provide heat even with a zero heat command. In particular, the stages may have a minimum heat output if they are enabled. Using the above example, if the fifth stage (z=4) is enabled, then the fifth stage would actually provide a heat output at its minimum output level, even though the heat command for that stage is zero. Until the staging method determines the fifth stage should be disabled or deactivated, heat output by the fifth stage may continue to occur.
Next, the last requested stage is filled in at block 330. This is the last ELSE statement in the pseudocode 318 for the individual stages loop 322. In particular, the zth heat command, failing the earlier IF and ELSE IF statements, is set to the product of the total heat command times the number of stages configured less z times one hundred. So, using the above numbers, fourth stage (z=3) would be set to (20*16)−(3*100)=20. So heat command to the fourth stage requests twenty percent of its maximum output. The results for this numeric method are shown in
For example, a boiler may operate between 25% and 100% of its maximum output, but may not be able to throttle down to 10% output relative to its maximum output. If the heat load at a given time would require three boilers on at 100% and one boiler on at 10%, the load cannot be met without cycling a boiler on and off. The heat output in response to the demand will be in excess of the load at some times and be less than the load at other times. To eliminate such a gap, in an alternative or further embodiment of the method of
The method continues by checking the stage delay for addition 356. If the condition for the stage delay is met at 356, the method goes into the "ADD" loop 358. The "ADD" loop 358 includes two parts. First, a stage may be added if the system is operating too far away from a setpoint, as determined at 360, and next (if no stage was added for setpoint reasons), a stage may be added to optimize the system as determined at 362.
As shown in the pseudocode of
To further check whether another boiler can be added, the method also compares the total heat command to a constant times the number of stages requested divided by the number of stages configured. The constant may vary, but is illustrated as being 100/3, which, for the illustrative example, is a level chosen for use with a number of stages that have minimum outputs of 25% (which is also the level of maximum efficiency). Thus another boiler can be added if conditions are sufficiently stable and adding another boiler will cause the existing boilers to operate at about 33% of their maximum output, giving some cushion above the minimum output level. If these conditions are met, as shown in the "THEN" statement, another boiler is added to the number requested, and the stage delay is set back to eight to delay more additions.
It should be noted that for the method illustrated in
Under the conditions of
These limits leave one option where there could be a lack of stability without violating the current error and rate comparisons: the current error would be negative (high sensed temperature) and the rate negative (i.e. the temperature is falling and the current error is becoming more positive). In this circumstance, however, the total heat command should be small, since the PID used to generate a heat command signal would be either small or negative, depending on the system configuration. This would allow system water to drop down to the setpoint temperature. The low heat command signal, however, means that the third comparison would likely fail when the first two do not, unless the system is operating with a high degree of stability.
After the add loop 358, or if the stage delay check for addition 356 fails, the method goes to a stage delay check for removal 364. As shown in the pseudocode, the stage delay is compared to four, rather than zero, meaning the method waits longer to add a boiler than it does to remove a boiler from the number requested. Again, the remove loop includes a first part checking whether a stage should be removed because the system is operating too far away from a setpoint, as noted in block 368. This removal for setpoint reasons block 368 operates similar to the remove loop of
Next, the remove loop 366 performs a remove to optimize step in block 370. In this step, the current error must be less than a prescribed value, indicating the measured value is close to or greater than the setpoint. Then, the rate has to be at least a prescribed value, meaning the temperature is either rising or, at worst, falling slowly. The capacity to remove a boiler is also checked. In particular, if the total heat command is less than a constant times the number of stages requested minus one divided by the number of stages configured, the capacity requirement is met.
If each of these conditions are met, as shown in the THEN part, the number of stages is reduced by one and the stage delay is again set to eight. With the constants chosen in the illustrative example, the capacity check determines, in summary, whether the deactivation of one of the active/requested boilers would cause the heat command on the remaining boilers to climb above 90% of their maximum level. A different percentage level may be used in other embodiments. Finally, as shown in the block diagram of
As explained above, these checked conditions are adapted to assure system stability. However, in the case of the remove loop 366, the situation is reversed. In particular, the rate must be greater than a value, and the current error must be less than a value. For instability to be present, the positive rate would have to be relatively large. However, if the rate is large and positive, it indicates continuing increase in output heat, which in turn would likely occur if the heat command total were large. However, the third condition for the efficiency optimized part of the remove loop 366 prevents this type of unstable conditions from causing an active boiler to be removed.
As with the modulation method of
To make sure each heat command is valid, if the stage heat command has been set to a value greater than one hundred, the heat command for the stage is set back to one hundred. The stage heat command could exceed one-hundred, for example, if the stager has not yet added sufficient stages to meet the present/current heat command. This may occur, as noted if the stage delay variable is preventing staging. By keeping staging and modulation separate, each step may be simplified, and use of a stage delay variable is also simplified. Finally, the method waits for the next cycle at 386 after values for each stage have been set to zero, one hundred, or the noted product.
It should be noted that the particular boiler numbers and/or the particular boilers selected are shown for illustrative purposes. In an actual system the boilers may be selected by a stager in a number of manners, including at random, in a rotating first on/first off cycle, in a first on/last off sequence, or in a run-time equalized manner. Further, for some embodiments the illustrated constants shown herein above may vary with the size of system being used, the heat load anticipated, the types of uses contemplated, and a myriad of other factors. The present invention is suitable for adaptation in a number of ways to various scenarios.
A first efficiency optimized option 406 uses a first on/first off lead lag option as noted above. A second efficiency optimized option 408 uses runtime equalization. Runtime equalization can be performed by monitoring how much each boiler is operated using an array of counters. When it comes time to shut down a boiler as load decreases, the runtime equalization method will determine which boiler has operated relatively more than other boilers, and will shut down that boiler first. Also, in response to a request for an additional boiler, the runtime equalization will determine which inactive boiler has been operated for the least amount of time, and will identify that boiler as the one to be activated next in response to the request.
The sequencing options module 400 may operate in response to an input such as a switch, an on-screen option selectable from a boiler interface, or any other suitable user input. In further embodiments, the sequencing options module 400 may operate in response to sensed conditions. For example, if a boiler is taken offline for maintenance, or if a boiler safety mechanisms disable a boiler, the sequencing options module may receive a signal indicating that a boiler is no longer configured, and may operate remaining boilers using a run-time equalized option to compensate.
Alternatively, if conditions wherein higher firing rates are desired (such as when return water temperatures are very low) are sensed, even if the load is light, the sequencing options module 400 may operate to select a non-efficiency optimized method, since these methods will often operate several boilers at higher firing rates as illustrated above in FIGS. 14 and 18A-18B. Finally, if variance about a setpoint is sensed, indicating perhaps that the setpoint and then-occurring load fall into one of the "gaps" noted above in
Another sequencer option may be to select a method during a particular time to create stage rotation when desired. For example, if a stage or boiler is operated continuously for an extended period of time, it may be desirable to rotate the boiler out of operation if this is possible. The rotation may be established to allow purging of a boiler flame chamber, for example, or for diagnostic purposes. In an illustrative example, if an eight-stage system is operating at 50% of heat command for an extended period of time, in an efficiency optimized method, each stage may be operated at about 50% of capacity all the time.
To rotate boilers out of operation, a non-optimized method may be chosen for a time period to turn off several of the boilers and concentrate load, for a time period, on less than all the boilers. For the illustrative example, a non-optimized method may have four of the eight boilers operating at near capacity for a time period while the other four boilers go through post-fire purging and any other desired safety, cleaning, or diagnostic steps. Then the system may bring the four boilers turned off back online by going back to an optimized method. Next, a non-optimized method having runtime equalization may be chosen, such that the four boilers that did not shut down during the first rotating step would be shut down, allowing, for example, purging, cleaning, or diagnostic events to occur.
For the purposes herein, a multi-stage boiler system may include a number of boilers that may be, for example, components of a modular boiler system. While the example embodiments in
In some embodiments, the present invention contemplates several methods of controlling a multi-stage boiler system which include more than one selectable control mode. The following descriptions show a number of selectable control modes that may be incorporated in a number of combinations in various embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more of the following described control modes may be available as a stand-alone method for boiler control. If multiple control modes are provided, the particular mode for use at any given time may be selected by a user, preprogrammed, or may be selected using methodology that takes into account environmental conditions, sensed conditions, present usage, past usage, temporal conditions, or the like, using an automated or semi-automated method.
The example embodiments illustrated above and in particular in
In yet another embodiment, a stage modulation method, for example, the methods of
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention may be manifested in a variety of forms other than the specific embodiments described and contemplated herein. Accordingly, departures in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention as described in the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
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Owner name: HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:POUCHAK, MICHAEL A.;WACKER, PAUL;REEL/FRAME:015150/0523
Effective date: 20040325
|Mar 26, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Al-Ṣāʿiqah, ( Arabic: "Thunderbolt") Syrian guerrilla force sponsored by the Syrian government with the purpose of promoting the interests of the Palestinian branch of the Syrian Baʿth Party. Al-Ṣāʿiqah was founded by the party in 1968 and has maintained a socialist ideology. Chosen from the Palestinians in the upper ranks of the Syrian army, members viewed al-Ṣāʿiqah as an alternative to the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and unsuccessfully challenged that group's supremacy before engaging in guarded cooperation with Fatah, the major group within the PLO. The chief of al-Ṣāʿiqah, Zuhayr Muḥsin, was a member of the PLO executive committee until his assassination ... (100 of 126 words)
Syrian guerrilla organization

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- PT Hyper Mega Shipping
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- Having knowledge all aspect of secretarial duties
- Helping Taks day to day from Executive President Director
- Making a Good Presentation and Correspondence
- Devising and maintaining office systems,including data management and filling
- Organising and attending meetings and ensuring the manager is well prepared for meetings
- Capable to manage in/outgoing letters,files,filling documents and able to perform multi tasking skills
- Arrange meetings with clients, arranging Travels /intinery scheduling, visas and accommodation and occasionally, travelling with the director to take notes
- Female, max 30 years old
- Graduates from reputable university with minimum GPA. 3.00 (FORM a scale of 4.0).
- Good Looking and Proportional appearance
- Minimum 1 years experience as a Personal Assistant
- High integrity, loyalty, honest, responsibility and trustworthy
- Excellent written and verbal communication both Bahasa and English and mandarin, have a good presentation skills using Microsoft Power Point, Excel, MS Word or Mac
- Having knolwedge about freight forwarding is an advantage
- Detail-oriented, good planning and organizing skills & time management skills
- Iniciative, able to work with deadline & multi task in tight schedule
- Willing to travel and work with flexible time
If you feel that you can meet the qualification and up for the challenge, please send your complete resume and current color photograph by clicking button bellow
Deskripsi Perusahaan
PT. Hyper Mega Shipping is an independent Indonesia based Freight Forwarding and Logistics Company Established in year 2004. The operation has been built around understanding the client's requirements and offering a full logistics package delivered by knowledgeable staff. Our proactive approach ensures continuity of services and enables us to maintain a long-term relationship with our customers. To be a dependable feature in our customers business and an extension to their shipping department is what keeps our business moving forward. So, our company looking for the best candidates to join with us as:


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- 1ground rules [plural] the basic rules on which something is based The new code of conduct lays down the ground rules for management-union relations.
- 2[countable] (North American English, sport) a rule for the playing of a game on a particular field, etc.
ground rulenoun
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Check pronunciation: ground rule


text: New Kinect Star Wars Screenshots. You Get to Smash Around as a RancorMax Abrams8/16/11 10:55amFiled to: Star WarsStar Wars KinectKinectGallery50EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink The newest Kinect Star Wars screenshots come straight from straight from Gamescom and give a taste of the rage of the Rancor. In addition we get a look at the Jedi as they dismantle a few droids and some shots of pod racing. A feast for the eyes fit for a Rancor. Reply50 repliesLeave a reply


text:
RAFAEL VAN DER VAART and Zlatan Ibrahimovic reignited their bitter six-year
feud last night.
And the Tottenham star means to get even with his AC Milan rival.
The duo, who will face each other in tonight's Champions League clash in the
San Siro, were once team-mates at Ajax.
But they fell out when Ibrahimovic injured his then pal with a bad tackle in a
Holland v Sweden 'friendly' back in August 2004.
Van der Vaart admits he is looking for revenge and said: "First of all I want
to win.
"Second, I want to play the ball between Zlatan's legs.
"That would be a very nice bonus."
But the Milan striker countered: "I don't talk or think about the past. For
me, only one thing is important — getting to the next round of the Champions
Ibrahimovic has revealed he snubbed Manchester City's millions last summer to
sign for the Italians.
The 17-goal ace said: "I had a couple of talks with City and they had a
fantastic project going on.
"But I am not one of those who plays for money."


text:
Fireworks safety poster
This project received 11 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of ₹7401 INR.Get free quotes for a project like this
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Project Description
This project is to illustrate safe usage of fireworks during Diwali. The points are given in the pdf file. Sample illustration can be seen from attached jpg file.
1 The project is to design a poster of legal size 8.5" x 14" 2. The illustration should be humorous and thought provoking and capable of staying in the mind of
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text:
Promoted articles
- Importing single sessions via Sysex in to Circuit.
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- My web browser is not compatible with Circuit Components
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|Event Date/Time
Mar 7, 2014 to May 25, 2014
The 2014 Whitney Biennial will have three curators from outside the Museum—Stuart Comer (Chief Curator of Media and Performance Art at MoMA), Anthony Elms (Associate Curator at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia), and Michelle Grabner (artist and Professor in the Painting and Drawing Department at the School of the Art Institute, Chicago)—each oversee an individual floor, collectively displaying the diverse art of 103 participating artists. This Biennial will be the last one housed in the Museum's current location before its move downtown in the spring of 2015.
Whitney Museum of American Art
|Additional Information
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.


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Published on
There are more cell phones in the U.S. than there are people. What that means is that mobile business is here, and it's here to stay. Is your business mobile-friendly? In this brief, mobility expert, Chuck Martin, offers strategies for transitioning into the mobile world of business. Read on to see how your business can start engaging on the mobile platform with your customer base.


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This review is from: Acer Laptop Aspire V5-571-6869 Intel Core i5 3rd Gen 3317U (1.70 GHz) 6 GB Memory 500 GB HDD Intel HD Graphics 4000 15.6" Windows 7 Home Premium 64-Bit
Pros: The Core i5 CPU is one of biggest draws of this machine no doubt, and it delivers. So far I've test driven Office, the Adobe suite, and encoded a couple test videos using WLMM, and everything seems very snappy and responsive.
6GB of dual-channel RAM with decent latency (9-9-9-24) means you wont have to worry about running multiple applications, there's enough breathing room there for just about anything. As far as the display, the resolution leaves something to be desired, but I knew what I was getting. Viewing angles are quite forgiving compared with the last three budget laptops I've used.
Noise is not much of an issue either, the system cooling fan runs with a low hum that is noticeable but not overpowering or annoying.
Don't expect this to play the latest 3D intensive games on maximum settings using the Intel 4000 graphics. However basic games and 3D games that are not so demanding perform surprisingly well. On many budget laptops the CPU can be a big bottleneck for games - not a problem here.
A pair of USB 2.0 ports, a USB 3.0 port, HDMI, and VGA/LAN don't limit your peripheral options. Transfer speeds on the USB 3.0 port are definitely a noticeable jump from the 2.0 ports, providing you are connecting a USB 3.0-capable device.
The dedicated numpad is a great feature for a laptop in the 1" size. If you're accustomed to a full-sized keyboard you may feel a bit cramped until you get used to the key sizes (the numpad keys are slightly narrower than the rest, but not overly so).
Cons: First and foremost, the keyboard Acer... the keyboard. If I have one gripe with this machine right now, this is it. If you press a key along the edge or on the corner, while the tactile feedback may tell you the keystroke was good, sometimes the letters or numbers just don't show up. As you can imagine, this can also translate into gaming as well. You must press the keys squarely and purposefully for them to register. It may not sound like a big deal, but it is an annoyance to be sure. This keyboard may just take a little getting used to, but so far I'm not all that impressed.
USB ports are very close together. If you are connecting multiple USB devices, they may not all fit depending on how slim/fat their connectors are.
LAN/VGA are combined into a single port, with an included adapter into which you can connect an ethernet cable or VGA cable - while this may sound clever and "nifty" you need to carry this adapter with you at all times if you spontaneously need to connect either. In my opinion, this was a poor design decision on Acer's part.
The microphone/speaker 3.5mm port. If you have a headset that uses separate speaker/mic plugs, or if you use a standalone mic along with a set of dedicated speakers - won't work. It is a combined audio jack which takes a single plug. The product details seem to indicate that they are separate, but that is not the case.
Speakers are nothing to write home about, but I never expected much based off the specs and price point. With many laptops the speakers are nestled somewhere next to the keyboard, however with this machine the speakers are on the bottom of the chassis. Sound quality and volume are good, but if you rest the laptop on a bed or carpet, sound could get a bit muffled.
This is not necessarily a con, however the touchpad on this machine is in the Mac style, meaning the left- and right-click buttons are integrated into the touchpad surface, not separate buttons beneath the touchpad. Depending on your previous devices, this may be perfectly fine or require a small amount of acclimation. Personally I don't mind it so far.
Other Thoughts: All things considered, a very nice machine for the sale price. Solid processing power, enough RAM for all your programs to get along, decent graphics power, all in a fairly lightweight and attractive looking package. The keyboard and other cons I mentioned warrant bring it down to a 4/5 for me.
In the search for a good budget laptop, no machine will ever be perfect, but this one is definitely worth it if the shortcoming aren't a major part of the decision process.
This review is from: ASUS Laptop A53 Series A53E-XN1 Intel Pentium B940 (2.00 GHz) 4 GB Memory 320 GB HDD Intel HD Graphics 15.6" Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
Pros: - Screen clarity is great.
- Wireless N
- Integrated webcam with decent quality and microphone.
- Dedicated numpad on keyboard.
- Graphics are powerful enough for basic gaming.
- Fast boot time (about 45 sec).
- Laptop stays very cool to the touch even after hours of use.
Cons: - Mouse buttons below touchpad are fairly noisy when pressed on the outside edge (loud CLICK sound).
- A fair amount of first- and third-party bloatware, but it's fairly simple to remove. Some useful apps I left alone.
- No included operating system or restore disc, you have to burn your own backup, however there is an ASUS prompt that pops up to help you do this.
- Sometimes DVD drive tray is slow to open (3-5 sec) when the eject button is pressed.
- Right shift key is not full length, so I find myself hitting the up arrow instead occasionally. For word processing this can be an annoyance until you get used to that difference.
- Speakers are fairly weak, but they were never advertised as anything special, so I expected that.
- Power outlet is positioned a bit awkwardly (the middle of the left side, instead of at a corner which is where they normally are). The power plug (which feels a bit flimsy by the way) can easily be rotated so that it doesn't interfere with any ports, thoug
Other Thoughts: Overall, for the price this is a good machine. I feel that ASUS could have done some things better, but that would likely require them to price it higher which would defeat the whole purpose of a budget laptop. The hardware is good, CPU is a champ, RAM is plentiful for most users, the webcam is not the best but certainly better than none at all, sound is decent, and the overall feel is solid (except for the power plug connection which needs to be pampered).
Would I buy this laptop again if I needed another? Yes.
This review is from: AMD Phenom II X4 945 Deneb Quad-Core 3.0 GHz Socket AM3 95W HDX945WFGMBOX Desktop Processor
Pros: -Quad-core
-Great OC potential
-Great price point
-FAST SHIPPING! (Thanks Newegg)
-Stays below 40C under load at 3.4GHz with a standard copper AMD HSF, even with Cool and Quiet disabled
Cons: The included HSF is barely adequate for this powerhouse, nothing but a cheap flimsy hunk of aluminum with no pipes. The manufacturer heatsink from my old Athlon 6000+ has a copper base and piping so I decided to use that instead, and tossed the included one in the trash.
My overall experience from the shipping to the performance of this CPU makes it hard to knock an egg for the heatsink, but seriously AMD, what is the problem? A high-end quad core CPU should have a better HSF solution than the cheap garbage that is included. I would be much more satisfied if this item were 15-20 bucks more and actually came with a worthy HSF. As for the CPU itself... nothing bad to be said about it.
Other Thoughts: Overall, a wonderful processor. I upgraded from a 4-year-old Athlon X2 6000+ (windsor) to this bad boy, and I can easily notice the difference in power. I was considering an Intel-based system, but the prices are just a bit too high for my liking. Aside from the trashy included heatsink, this CPU is a winner. Video encoding is many times faster than my previous system, and gaming got kicked up a notch as well. Just make sure you order an aftermarket HSF solution if you plan on running this thing significantly OCed.READ FULL REVIEW


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Creative writer for short 2d Animated Explainer Videos
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Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
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Stretch marks are one of the biggest concerns of both men and women. It is caused by the over stretching of the skin that destroys its natural components. Having these marks make you feel embarrassed. You cannot wear the clothes you want to wear.
Many people are looking for ways to get rid of stretch marks. Information is everywhere. You can go online and search for the best remedy and you can find thousands of results. You can also read beauty magazines and there you will find solutions in treating skin problems. In this article, I will point out some ways to treat these nasty marks.
Here are some ways to remove and prevent stretch marks:
Laser Treatment – The most effective way to get rid of nasty mark is by undergoing laser treatment. It can repair the skin to the point that no marks are visible. But the drawbacks of this treatment are cost and convenience. This treatment is very expensive and you need to go to the hospital to undergo this kind of treatment. It can certainly restore your beauty but it comes with very high cost.
Home remedies – If you search the internet for home remedies in getting rid of marks, you will find hundreds of articles talking about it. I would tell you to apply oils, cocoa butter, fruit extracts, etc. in order to remove marks. It can be effective but cannot remove marks completely. But of course, you don't need to spend too much for this kind of treatment.
Stretch mark creams – The most popular and widely used treatment is by using stretch mark creams. This is the most effective non-surgical method of removing skin problems. Some of these creams contain natural ingredients that can cure and prevent marks. But be careful, especially for pregnant women, some creams contain ingredients that is not safe for pregnancy. Be sure to buy a pregnancy stretch mark cream that is suitable for you.
Conclusion – The easiest way to remove these nasty marks is by applying stretch marks removal cream. It don't cost much but it can provide satisfactory results.


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- Details
- Reviews
During the tour you will make your way through a maze of narrow alleyways to the area where the illustrious Venetian Marco Polo lived. Along the way, your informative guide will give you a clear understanding of the evolution of a broad range of artistic and architectural achievements in Venice.
Recent Photos of this Tour
Schedule details
Select a month to view a calendar of availability and departure details.
Pricing information
Click the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible.
9am Departure
Code: EN0900
Departs at 9am
AUD52.21Pricing details
3pm Departure
Code: EN1500
Departs at 3pm
AUD52.21Pricing details
Pricing information
House of Marco Polo, Venice
- Professional guide
- Private walking tour
- Gratuities (optional)
- Hotel pickup and drop-off
- Food and drinks, unless specified
- Entrance fees to San Giovanni and Paolo
- Confirmation will be received within 48 hours of booking, subject to availability
- A moderate amount of walking is involved
- A dress code is required to enter places of worship and selected museums. No shorts or sleeveless tops allowed. Knees and shoulders MUST be covered for both men and women. You may risk refused entry if you fail to comply with these dress requirements
- Rucksacks and large bags are not allowed in some churches.
- Adult pricing applies to all travelers
Cancellation Policy
If you cancel between 3 and 6 day(s) in advance of the scheduled departure, there is a 50 percent cancellation fee.
If you cancel within 2 day(s) of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee.
Traveler Reviews
Reviewed by: Andre t, May 2016
This tour was amazing , MARIE THERESE , guide very wise , calm , and smart !
I recommend !
Reviewed by: Sau Tak Robert L, June 2015
The tour guide knowledgeable and good English


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Jim Henson: The Biography approaches the man through his work. This makes sense since, as he was the artist who redefined puppetry, Henson created and entertained almost non-stop for four decades.
Joel and Ethan Coen might be the two finest filmmakers working in America today. There are few directors who have captured more entertaining, accurate, or varied instances of the American experience.
Nearly all of their films center around some sort of crime or illicit behavior. Sometimes the protagonist is the perpetrator. Other times he is a victim or an unwitting bystander sucked into the chaos. Almost always though, the protagonist is a fool.
My family and I saw The Hobbit just before Christmas. It was entertaining, but ... the book was better! We've pulled together a list of books that have been made into movies: CRRL Picks: At the Movies.
See what you think. Is the book better than the movie? Let us know!
The first time I ever saw 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die sitting on a shelf in a now defunct bookstore, I immediately seized it, plopped down on the the floor and began...counting. Yes, yes, I'm a tad obsessed. Still, to find out that there are so many worthy movies out there waiting to be viewed is so exciting. I saw the mighty tome as a map leading to vast amounts of buried treasure.
It won't come as much of a shock to anyone in the Fredericksburg area since our last Blockbuster was closed years ago, but Blockbuster is now closing all remaining stores. The age of video rental as a for-profit business is officially over. It would seem to affect the library very little. After all, we still provide DVDs to our customers, don't we? And, yes, we will continue to add new DVDs, but the decline of Blockbuster and video rental as a business does have an impact because it changes the very nature of the product Hollywood puts out.
Wes Anderson's eighth feature-length film, The Grand Budapest Hotel, is set to premiere early next year. A writer and director of comedies since the mid-nineties, Anderson has traveled from the open roads of Texas to the top of the Himalayas and back. I personally cannot wait to see where he takes us next.
For someone who loves independent movies, it sure took me a heck of a long time to watch anything directed by John Cassavetes.
Maybe that is because I had heard how emotionally intense his films were, tapping into a vein of real life and forgoing any sense of escapism that most movies offer. Despite that hesitation, I am deeply satisfied that I took the time to watch four great films by this stalwart of early independent film, who took many menial acting jobs so he could make something great.
Shadows, Cassevetes' first film, is a defiant statement against mainstream culture, both in terms of cinema and society. It follows three African American siblings living in New York City, two of whom are trying to pass as white. The film was shot without a script, and its black and white, 16-millimeter film stock lacks the gloss of Hollywood pictures of the same year (North by Northwest or Ben-Hur for example). With its jazz score by Charles Mingus and its focus on urban youth in 1950's, Shadows is a must see for any fans of Beat writers or early independent film.
"What is your greatest ambition in life?"
"To become immortal... and then die."
When I hear the name Terry Gilliam, the first thing that I see is a gigantic pink foot...crushing everything in its path.
That is because Gilliam was the animator for Monty Python's Flying Circus, the absurdist British comedy troupe of the 1970's that has influenced everyone from Neil Gaiman to the Simpsons. The lone American of the group did surreal collages combining Renaissance paintings, nature sketches, and meat grinders to make a strange world.
When Python's reign ended, Gilliam did not stop his creating. Instead, he launched himself from the animation desk to the director's chair where things became curiouser and curiouser.
With the success of the TV series The Walking Dead, zombies are now considered one of the most popular monsters in pop culture. People who just recently became interested in zombie-related works may be surprised to learn how long zombies have existed in the public's imagination. The following films provide plenty of thrills and chills featuring the undead:


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On Sun, 2 Apr 2000 23:32:23 EDT, you wrote:
>I too have the bapped plant from the college. And I have not seen even the
>smallest of buds poking up. Was there a control group who got water instead
>of BAP?
pleeeeeeeezzzzzzeeeeeeee -- what is 'BAP'?!?!!!!!?????
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|Otvorené nové pracovné pozície pre Google
|Napísal Eva Kapičáková
|Sobota, 26 Jún 2010 11:15
Spoločnosť Google hľadá nových kolegov do pobočky v Dubline s rodným jazykom českým a slovenským. Ak máte ukončenú vysokú školu, dobrú znalosť anglického jazyka, prípadne aj iných jazykov, predchádzajúce pracovné skúsenosti zo zahraničia (môže byť aj stáž) a záujem pracovať pre svetovú jedničku v oblasti online marketingu - s dobre známym veľmi príjemným pracovným prostredím a skvelými ľudmi - tak práve toto môže byť skvelá príležitosť pre vás.
V prípade záujmu, svoje štrukturované CV (v anglickom jazyku) zašlite na email Táto adresa je chránená pred robotmi nevyžiadanej pošty. Ak ju chcete vidieť, musíte mať povolený JavaScript. . Do predmetu správy prosím napíšte "Google_Dublin_Meno_Priezvisko" kandidáta. CV bude následne spracované a posúdené priamo náborovým oddelením spoločnosti Google. Pre viac detailov o podmienkach a náplni práce prikladáme nižšie Popis pracovnej pozície v anglickom jazyku:
The role: Advertising Operations Associate at Google (Dublin)
As an Advertising Operations Associate, you help the OSO team better serve Google's worldwide user base for our AdWords product. This fast-paced sales and support team quickly identifies and resolves customer concerns and contributes to the growth of our programs. Your objective is to continue to hone your account management and relationship-building skills, supporting some of Google's top advertisers and agencies by providing the best possible service via phone, email, or chat. Your specific responsibilities could include managing advertiser accounts, developing compelling advertising solutions for brand advertisers, or developing scalable support solutions. You work within a diverse team with colleagues throughout Europe, sharing your advanced knowledge of Google products and advising your clients on the best strategy for them to achieve their desired results. Among your many attributes, you are a self-starter who is comfortable with a rapidly changing environment, and you have a strong desire to learn. You also bring experience in customer service, sales, marketing, or consulting. You will also have the opportunity to participate in the Online Media Associate Programme (OMAP). OMAP will, over 2.5 to 3 years, provide Googlers with the knowledge to develop their professional, leadership, and job-specific skills needed for their current role and future career across all areas of Google. In addition, OMAP participants will gain an overview of the online industry within which Google operates.
The area: Online Sales and Operations
The Online Sales and Operations (OSO) team keeps Google growing and profitable. We are dedicated to supporting the company's expanding base of advertisers, publishers and users in more than 40 languages on a global basis, and providing them with the highest levels of service. We are responsible for supporting customers and generating revenue from a broad range of products such as AdWords, AdSense, Gmail and Google Earth. This means that OSO team members need to be proactive, motivated, organised, responsible – and able to work well in a fast-paced, team-oriented environment. All levels of applicants are encouraged to apply to join our rapidly growing team.
* Provide outstanding customer service and sales support to Google's advertisers, publishers, and/or users.
* Manage customer inquiries by phone, e-mail, and/or live chat.
* Collaborate with Specialists, Engineers, and Product team members on new feature development.
* Implement creative ways to improve our client relationships and increase revenue by upselling and promoting other Google products.
* Provide strategic advice and help solve technical issues by working closely in a consultative role with key clients.
* BA/BSc degree or equivalent with a strong academic record.
* Fluency in written and spoken English; fluency in the language of the market you will be supporting or more additional languages.
* Demonstrable experience in customer support, account management (direct and/or offline), marketing (product direct and/or offline), marketing project management, or consulting.
* Proven ability to manage multiple projects at a time while paying strict attention to detail.
EEA work authorisation is required for roles supporting EEA markets.


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Official Web Site: bloodpressuremiracle.com
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The Blood Pressure Miracle Evaluation- Countless people are really strolling time bombs simply because they have uncontrolled greater blood pressure level. If they leave it without treatment, they will face serious and more than likely life-threatening wellness outcomes in the long term. The problem is, the results of higher blood pressure sneak up on many individuals since they don't even understand they've it! That's why this disorder is why it's often called "The Peaceful Killer or Silent Killer".
Look at the grim statistics the American Heart Association supplies on High Blood Pressure:
– Hypertension (hypertension) killed 46,765 Americans in 2001. It was listed as a primary or contributing cause of death in about 251,000 U.S. deaths in 2000.
– As many as 50 million Americans age 6 and older have hypertension.
– One in five Americans (and one in four adults) has hypertension.
– Of those individuals with high blood pressure, 30 percent don't know they have it.
– Of everyones with hypertension, 11 percent aren't on therapy (special diet plan or drugs), 25 percent are on insufficient treatment, and 34 percent are on adequate treatment.
– The cause of 90- 95 percent of the cases of high blood pressure isn't really known; nevertheless, hypertension is easily detected and normally controllable.
– High blood pressure affects more than 40 percent of African Americans.
Here's more of what the American Heart Association states about what a severe concern hypertension is: "High blood pressure is the No. 1 modifiable risk factor for stroke. It also adds to cardiac arrest, cardiac arrest, kidney failure and atherosclerosis (fatty buildups in arteries). In some cases, it can cause blindness.".
Are you getting the picture of how major this is? Well, prior to we yell that the sky is falling and start indulging doom-and-gloom thinking, keep in mind that this can be treated. It can be prevented. That is why they state it is a "modifiable" risk factor. That's where I can be found in. I assist you lower your blood pressure, completely naturally.
The Blood Pressure Miracle Program is developed by Frank Mangano and he explains in the book is a distinct, all-natural system for dropping your blood pressure that isn't based upon a single method such as stress reduction, and even herbs or distinct foods or workout. It's in fact a mix of each and every approach that has actually have you been scientifically shown to function, complied into one comprehensive lifestyle program. Without doubt that's why the program remains to be so successful for therefore many individuals.
How Will The Blood Pressure Miracle Help you to get Healthy Life?
Through this fantastic e-guide book by Frank Mangano you will certainly learn more about the approaches various type that found in the market for your blood pressure. Furthermore, it show you the overwork heart that's the exact reality related to blood pressure:
– It can direct you in order to the methods for taking your blood from home.
– It also assist you to discover the fact of the regular blood pressure variety.
– It can permit you to discover the connection between your coronary heart and your weight, and the method to lower blood pressure burns up the fat.
– You are able to expose the hidden dangers about hypertension levels.
– Additionally, it unveal for you the thuth of coronary heart medications and the technology behind them.
– You'll understand the unfavorable impacts galore, the difference of blood pressure medication.You'll discover the character power of certain health supplement that can assist for your blood pressure.
– You are able to change the life along with powerful way of living to obtain huge modification iin the minimizing your hypertension.
– You can discover which some kinds of fruit juices can assist you much throughout your process.You will certainly exist the clinical proven deep breathing can lower your blood pressure from house.
– You will understand the secret rest techniques for a much healthier coronary heart.
– You can understand the Modifications in way of life, body/mind workout, and diet plan modification for total wellness.
How can The Blood Pressure Miracle Help you?
Using the body/mind exercises you can able to manage all your system related to blood pressure. When using this treatment you have the ability to unwind with all mind, heart relaxation, and all sorts of the cells, know the method to manage high blood pressure as well as hardened arteries.
You are able to take of of the guide book program, for example you may produce delicious, heart-healthy house made juices with your part in your kitchen to minimize blood pressure instantly.It can conserve you lots of cash that you invest in acquiring pricey medicine and even treatments.You save the duration that you spend with doctor to find down the technique to treat your heart.
What Consists The Blood Pressure Miracle Package?
You have the ability to take this program being an extra totally free download that offers you. The Blood Pressure Miracle e-book tutorials in addition to unique, amazing variety of bonus offers deals you will get.
1: Power Your Mind To Improve Blood Pressure.
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3: Lessons From The "Miracle Physicians" By Jon Barron.
4: Completely free Lifetime Upgrades.
5: How Your Shower May Be Hazardous To Your Health! By Joel Kaye, MA.
6: Special and Special, VIP Newsletter.
7: Is Your Home Making You Sick? How Your House Environment Can Trigger Asthma, Exactly what to Do About It and Why Asthma Drugs Aren't A Solution.
Listen up here… you've read about exactly what the blood pressure electronic manual can do for you. You understand you have an interest in owning this electronic handbook or else you would not have actually read this far. You know it's a screamin' great deal that returns with an iron dressed better-than-risk-free assurance. And now you're going to take action to possess this now. Rush and pick up your copy today and watch how quickly and easily your life changes as your blood pressure sinks… nearly overnight.
Here's why you should order today- I have priced this electronic handbook at what I consider to be a very charitable and fair cost… and in fact. it is just a market test. I will certainly likewise be checking greater prices for this electronic handbook. Right here's something you need to realize- I reserve the right to raise the cost… probably by $20 minimum… at any time without notice. Shoot… that could happen tomorrow, next week, or later today.
Product Name: The Blood Pressure Miracle
Founder Name: Frank Mangano
Is It Guaranteed That The Blood Pressure Miracle Will Work For You?
The Blood Pressure Miracle review comes with a 60-Day money back guarantee. You have nothing to lose. Your energy, vitality, and passion in order to uncover, cultivate, and offer to everyone who will Destined To Change The Way Everyone Looks At Weight Loss, Joint Pain…AND Help Eliminate Those Expensive, Overpriced Doctor Bi from your better Health & Fitness : Remedies achieved. That is how firmly the authors stand behind the depth, scope, and value of The Blood Pressure Miracle.


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4 Tablespoons Olive Oil
1 pound Sweet Italian Sausage, remove from its cas... (continued)
Prepare a bowl of acidulated water (with fresh lemon juice added).
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Chicken Stock
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- ATX12V v2.31 and EPS 2.92
- Full Modular
- 80 PLUS GOLD Certified
Completely Quiet 02/07/2014
This review is from: CORSAIR RM Series RM850 850W ATX12V v2.31 and EPS 2.92 80 PLUS GOLD Certified Full Modular Active PFC Power Supply
-Completely quiet, no coil whine
-Great cables. Some people don't like them because they say they're too stiff or difficult to maneuver. Ribbon cables are like that. But the advantage is that they can lay flat against each other and stack, overall taking up less space.
Plus, they flex and will keep their shape, so you can mold them as you like.
Only thing I didn't like was the 24 pin main power, as that was divided up into two cables with wires going to different plugs, which is unnecessary and actually makes that cable bulkier. But this is minor.
-Packaged VERY well, unlike the Corsair 750d case I bought
Had a problem with my mobo and I couldn't figure out if this thing was actually on. I used the paperclip test, which is where you connect the green wire to a black ground wire, tested a fan and found out the PSU was ok.
Considering this thing is dead silent whether on or off, a small, subtle indicator light somewhere would be helpful for troubleshooting.
Other Thoughts:
Going to use this to power SLI GTX770s.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes / No Thanks for the valuable feedback you provided!


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My love for animals started at a young age, however my passion for the welfare of animals started when I met Penelope - my beloved sausage dog, whom I just had to have when I passed her in a pet shop and was horrified to see she had been marked down like a last season frock!
I am a huge supporter of animal welfare organisations and work closely with the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). I was thrilled to be asked to be their "superhero" and accepted on the proviso that I didn't have to wear red tights.
My cherished Penelope, who was my constant companion and a regular star of my catalogues, continues to be the mascot for my brand following her death in November 2005 and in this way she continues to live. I now have 2 more dogs, Elizabeth and Butch, which will never replace Penelope but do hold a special spot in my heart.
I try to do what I can to raise money and awareness for the animal kingdom and although I have raised tens of thousands in Australia (my most recent project with them, the fantastic RSPCA 2012 Calendar), I am constantly thinking of new ways to help all creatures great and small. Donations are always welcome at the RSPCA so visit www.rspca.org.au if you would like to do your bit for all the furry friends of the world.
2013 CATALOGUELet's have a full year of fun! All profits from the sale of my RSPCA Calendar go direct to the RSPCA! Each month there is a hot boy and a cute dog to put a smile on your face. This is a wonderful project and a worthwhile cause that we can all be involved with to help the RSPCA. The RSPCA workers and volunterrs, it is not an easy job to be faced with neglect and cruelty so we at Peter Alexander would like to thank you. Remember your search for a pet should always start at a rescue centre. Otherwise choose a responsible breeder. For advice check out Smart Puppy Buyers guide at www.rspca.org.au.
Sweet Dreams,
Peter, Betty and Butch xxx.


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Entrepreneurship Education
Learn from bright entrepreneurial minds and expand your knowledge.
Resources for
Your Idea
Find space, receive training, connect with mentors, and meet investment firms.
Professional Dev
& Networking
Attend workshops, lectures, and networking events focused on entrepreneurship.
Social Entrepreneurship
Give back by participating in outreach projects that positively affect communities.
Funding Opportunities
Earn funding for your idea or product by exploring a diverse set of opportunities.
Entrepreneurship Calendar
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Event Detail Information
Date Nov 22, 2013
Time 8:30 am
Location Austin, TX
Sponsor SSM and SXSW
Registration Apply by November 22nd.
Event type Other
Views 3561
Originating Calendar TEC Calendar
Student Startup Madness (SSM) is a nationwide tournament-style competition for college student digital media startups, culminating with the "Entrepreneurial Eight" national finals at South By Southwest (SXSW) Interactive.