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Lot 3213: GRP inc Dinky No.30m/414 Dodge Dumper Truck
Specialist Sale
by Vectis Auctions Ltd
25 October 2016
Stockton on Tees, United KingdomLive Auction
Looking for the realised and estimated price?
Description: Dinky No.30m/414 Dodge Dumper Truck; No.30r/422 Ford Thames Flat Truck; and 3 x No.25r/420 Forward Control Truck (all different colours) - conditions are generally Fair to Good Plus. (5)
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subset: commoncrawl


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Internet fraud
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An Internet fraud (online scam) is the use of Internet services or software with Internet access to defraud victims or to otherwise take advantage of them; for example, by stealing personal information, which can even lead to identity theft. A very common form of Internet fraud is the distribution of rogue security software. Internet services can be used to present fraudulent solicitations to prospective victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions, or to transmit the proceeds of fraud to financial institutions or to others connected with the scheme. Research suggests that online scams can happen through social engineering[1] and social influence. It can occur in chat rooms, social media, email, message boards, or on websites.[2]
- 1 Purchase frauds
- 1.1 Counterfeit postal money orders
- 1.2 Online automotive fraud
- 1.3 Counterfeit cashier's check scam
- 1.4 Cash the cheque system
- 1.5 Re-shippers
- 1.6 Online auction and retail schemes
- 1.7 PayPal Fraud
- 1.8 Call tag scam
- 2 Business opportunity or "work-at-home" schemes
- 3 Dating fraud
- 4 Charity fraud
- 5 International modem dialing
- 6 Internet marketing and retail fraud
- 7 Phishing
- 8 Email spoofing
- 9 Pharming
- 10 Stock market manipulation schemes
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Purchase frauds[edit]
Purchase fraud occurs when a criminal approaches a merchant and proposes a business transaction, and then uses fraudulent means such as a stolen or fake credit card to pay for it. Thus, the merchant do not get paid for the sale. Merchants who accept credit cards may receive a chargeback for the transaction and in the process, lose money. The most common fraud takes place using credit cards. This is when the account numbers and PIN numbers are obtained when a transaction is done. The fraudster (s) use this information to withdraw money from unsuspected individual. During this transaction people may steal this buyer's identity and act as him and request payment to an offshore account with an excuse that is not verified to be true and an excuse to steal the said credit card.
Counterfeit postal money orders[edit]
According to the FBI, on April 26, 2005 Tom Zeller Jr. wrote an article in The New York Times[3] regarding a surge in the quantity and quality of the forging of U.S. postal money orders, and its use to commit online fraud. Small Internet retailers, classified advertisers and individuals contacted by defrauders online are victims of this fraudulent activity.[citation needed]
In the United States of America, the penalty for making or using counterfeit postal money orders is up to ten years in jail and/or a $25,000 fine.[4]
Online automotive fraud[edit]
A fraudster posts a nonexistent vehicle for sale to a website, typically a luxury or sports car, advertised for well below its market value. The details of the vehicle, including photos and description, are typically lifted from sites such as Craigslist, AutoTrader.com and Cars.com. An interested buyer, hopeful for a bargain, emails the fraudster, who responds saying the car is still available but is located overseas. Or, the scammer will say that he is out of the country but the car is with a shipping company. The scam artist then instructs the victim to send a deposit or full payment via wire transfer to initiate the "shipping" process. To make the transaction seem more legitimate, the fraudster will ask the buyer to send money to a fake agent of a third party that claims to provide purchase protection. The unwitting victims wire the funds, and subsequently discover they have been scammed. In response, auto sales websites often post warnings to buyers, for example, those on Craigslist which warn not to accept offers in which vehicles are shipped, where funds are paid using Western Union or wire, etcetera, requesting those postings to be flagged as abuse.[5]
In another type of fraud, a fraudster contacts someone who has posted a vehicle for sale online, asking for the vehicle identification number (VIN) in order to check the accident record of the vehicle. However, the crook actually uses the VIN to make fake documentation for a stolen car, in order to sell it.
A fraudster may pose as a buyer whom will pay by PayPal, send a check or money order, wire transfer and tell the buyer he will have a shipping/trucking company haul the car away. In which they will cancel the check or insufficient funds on account and seller will be scammed of a vehicle. Fraudsters will also pose as buyers and direct seller to click on a link or go to a website to enter vehicle information or post more pictures which can hack their computer, download a virus, or hope the seller has a geotag on their picture in order to steal the vehicle.
Vehicles can also be used as part of a counterfeit cashier's check scam.
Car export companies verification[edit]
Whilst the vast majority of websites in Japan are of genuine business companies, it is also a fact that online scams and fraud are alive, well, and very big business in Japan. It is very important for foreign importers to verify each company and not send money until fully satisfactied. Verification of each Japanese company under the "Japan Company Trust Organization" can also be helpful.
Counterfeit cashier's check scam[edit]
Real estate[edit]
Landlords placing advertisements on Craigslist or rent.com receive an e-mail response from a prospective renter from a foreign country, typically a student fresh out of secondary education (high school in the U.S.). The first inquiry seems legitimate. The second usually comes with request for more information and an attachment from a fake company set up by the scam artist indicating that the "student" has won a part-time scholarship from the company. (The fraudster will often set up a fake website for the company, in order to make the attachment seem legitimate.) The scam comes with the third e-mail: a request for the victim's name and address so that the "company" can send a cashier's check to cover the rent and the "student's" travel costs. The check amount is always more than you asked for as a collateral for reserving the place for that person.
The victim is instructed to cash the check and also transfer the money to the fraudster account. Or, the prospective tenant may request you to make the flat ready to move in and arrange transport from the airport. However, s/he will have to cancel the trip for some unavoidable reason and will ask you to keep one month's rent as compensation and send him/her the rest through Western Union. The check is always in the name of a company. In the United States, banks consider cashier's checks to be "guaranteed funds" and will typically cash them instantly. However, unlike a certified check,[citation needed] the bank that cashes a cashier's check can still take back the money from the depositor if the check is counterfeit or "bounces". Because of the lag between the cashing and clearing of the check, the victim does not realize that they have been had until their account is debited for the amount they wired to the fraudster, plus any fees for the bounced check.
In this variation, a fraudster feigns interest in a vehicle for sale on the Internet. The "buyer" explains that he represents a client who is interested in the car, but due to an earlier sale that fell through, he has a cashier's check made out for thousands more than the asking price. The scammer requests that the victim cash the check and refund the balance via wire transfer. If the seller agrees to the transaction, the fraudstser sends the counterfeit cashier's check via express courier (typically from Nigeria). The victim takes the check to their bank, which makes the funds available immediately. Thinking the bank has cleared the check, the seller follows through on the transaction by wiring the balance to the buyer. Days later, the check bounces, and the victim is responsible for the amount they wired to the fraudster, plus any fees associated with the bounced check.
Cash the cheque system[edit]
Defrauders negotiate large purchases with the victim (e.g. ordering $50,000 to $200,000 worth of goods) agreeing to an advance payment via bank wire transfer. After ordering, the fraudster claims that paying via wire transfer is impractical, and instead sends a counterfeit cheque drawn on the account of a real, uninvolved organization as an alternate payment. After the cheque clears, the victim company ships the goods. When the uninvolved organization notices the fraudulent transaction against their account, they request a chargeback, resulting in the victim losing both the money and the goods.
In some cases, thieves learn the address of a merchant's bank, and send counterfeit cheques directly to the bank. They then claim a direct deposit was made after the cheque is deposited by bank staff, hoping the victim will only notice the apparently available funds, and not the fact that it was a cheque deposit that the bank has not yet fully cleared.
In other cases, defrauders negotiate smaller transactions (e.g. ordering $456,000 to $10,000 worth of goods) with fraudulent cheques written for more than the purchase amount, and instruct the merchant to refund "excess" amounts via Western Union money transfer to an account in another country.
Re-shipping scams trick individuals or small businesses into re-shipping goods to countries with weak legal systems. The goods are generally paid for with stolen or fake credit cards.
African version[edit]
In African re-shipping scams, fraudsters recruit victims from Western countries via chat rooms and dating websites, developing long-distance relationships with their victims to obtain personal details. After the victim accepts a marriage proposal from the scammer, items are bought online using credit card information stolen from other people and shipped to victims without their knowledge. The fraudster then claims the goods were sent to the wrong address, and asks the victim to apply pre-printed labels to the packages and re-ship them to fraudsters' real address. Once the victim re-ships the goods, the fraudster ceases all communication with the victim. Victims often discover that the shipping account for the pre-printed labels is in their name when the freight company bills them for the shipping costs.
Eastern European version[edit]
The Eastern European re-shipping scam is a variant of the Nigerian version in which fraudsters recruit victims through classified advertising by presenting themselves as a growing European company trying to establish a presence in the United States.
The fraudsters explain that they will buy goods in the United States that need to be re-shipped to a final destination in Europe. The thieves then ship fraudulently purchased goods to the victims, and the victims re-ship goods to the fraudsters. Sometimes, if the fraudsters send pre-printed shipping labels to the victims, they also include a counterfeit check as payment for the re-shipper's services. By the time the check bounces, the goods have already been re-shipped and the fraudsters stop all communication with their victims.
Chinese version[edit]
The Chinese re-shipping scam is a variant of the Eastern European version, in which fraudsters recruit victims through spam. The fraudsters present themselves as a growing Chinese company trying to establish a presence in the United States or Europe.
Australian version[edit]
In the Australian re-shipping scam, a company in the United States is contacted by a potential customer, stating they would like to place an order with the company. Once the company responds, verifying that the desired products are in stock, the fraudster will then ask for a shipping quotation to Australia, and explain that they will be paying via credit card.
Once the victim company sends the quotation to the fraudster, they reply that they will have their U.S. agent or freight representative come to the company's location and pick up the merchandise, and the agent will ship the goods to the "customer". The fraudster then asks the company to add a plausible additional charge of US$700 to US$1,500 onto the total cost, and pay that amount to the "agent" when they arrive to collect the goods. The scammer also offers additional compensation to the company, for the extra trouble of paying their agent. The offered reasons for this arrangement might be "the freight company only accepts cash", or "the agent is unable to process credit cards". If the victim company responds that this is not possible, the fraudster will cut off communication.
Online auction and retail schemes[edit]
In an online auction scheme, a fraudster starts an auction on a site such as eBay or TradeMe with very low prices and no reserve price, especially for typically high priced items like watches, computers, or high value collectibles. The fraudster accepts payment from the auction winner, but either never delivers the promised goods, or delivers an item that is less valuable than the one offered—for example, a counterfeit, refurbished, or used item. According to data from law enforcement and consumer protection organizations, fraudulent schemes appearing on online auction websites are among the most frequently reported form of mass-marketing fraud.[6]
Online retail schemes involve complete online stores that appear to be legitimate. As with the auction scheme, when a victim places an order through such a site, their funds are taken but no goods are sent, or inferior goods are sent.
In some cases, the stores or auctioneers were once legitimate, but eventually stopped shipping goods after accepting customer payments.
Sometimes fraudsters will use phishing techniques to hijack a legitimate member accounts on an online auction site—typically an account with a strongly positive online reputation—and use it to set up a phony online store. In this case, the fraudster collects the money, while ruining the reputation of the conned eBay member. When victims complain that they have not received their goods, the legitimate account holder receives the blame.
A more subtle variation of online auction fraud occurs when a seller ships an item to an incorrect address that is within the buyer's ZIP code using the United States Postal Service's Delivery Confirmation service. This service does not require the recipient to sign for the package, but offers confirmation that the Postal Service delivered the package within the specified ZIP code. The item shipped is usually an empty envelope with no return address and no recipient name, just a street address different from that of the victim. The delivery of the envelope with the Delivery Confirmation barcode attached suffices for the Postal Service to record the delivery as confirmed. The fraudster can then claim the package has been delivered, and offer the Delivery Confirmation receipt as proof to support the claim.
PayPal Fraud[edit]
In a collection in person PayPal scheme, the scammer targets eBay auctions that allow the purchaser to personally collect the item from the seller, rather than having the item shipped, and where the seller accepts PayPal as a means of payment.
The fraudster uses a fake address with a post office box when making their bids, as PayPal will allow such an unconfirmed address. Such transactions are not covered by PayPal's seller protection policy. The fraudster buys the item, pays for it via PayPal, and then collects the item from the victim. The fraudster then challenges the sale, claiming a refund from PayPal and stating that they did not receive the item. PayPal's policy is that it will reverse a purchase transaction unless the seller can provide a shipment tracking number as proof of delivery; PayPal will not accept video evidence, a signed document, or any form of proof other than a tracking number as valid proof of delivery.[citation needed]This form of fraud can be avoided by only accepting cash from buyers who wish to collect goods in person.
Call tag scam[edit]
In a call tag scam, criminals use stolen credit card information to purchase goods online for shipment to the legitimate cardholder. When the item is shipped, the criminal receives tracking information via email. They then call the cardholder and falsely identify themselves as the merchant that shipped the goods, saying that the product was mistakenly shipped and asking permission to pick it up when it is delivered. The criminal then arranges the pickup, using a "call tag" with a different shipping company. The victim usually doesn't notice that a second shipping company is picking up the product, and the shipping company has no knowledge it is participating in a fraud scheme.
The cardholder may later notice the charge on his statement and protest the charge, generating a chargeback to the unsuspecting merchant.
The Merchant Risk Council reported that the "call tag" scam re-emerged during the 2005 holidays and several large merchants suffered losses.[citation needed]
Business opportunity or "work-at-home" schemes[edit]
Con artists often use the Internet to advertise supposed business opportunities that allow individuals to earn thousands of dollars a month in "work-at-home" ventures. These schemes typically require the individuals to pay nominal to substantial sums for the "business plans" or other materials. The fraudsters then fail to deliver the promised materials, provide inadequate information to make a viable business, or provide information readily available for free or a substantially lower cost elsewhere.
In one such scheme, after paying a registration fee the victim will be sent advice on how to place ads, similar to the one that recruited him, in order to recruit others. This is a form of Ponzi scheme.
Another work-at-home scam involves kits for small doodads such as CD cases to be assembled by the victim in their home. The victim pays a fee for the kit, but after assembling and returning the item, the scammer rejects it as substandard, refusing to reimburse the victim for the cost of the kit. Variations on this scam include work on directories, stuffing envelopes, doing medical billing or data entry, reading books, and even translating documents from the victim's native tongue into English.
Work-at-home donation processing[edit]
An elaborate variation on this theme lures the victim with an e-mailed job offer from a fake company. The scammer may have constructed an elaborate website for the company, to make the offer appear legitimate. The job offer includes an unrealistically generous salary for part-time, unskilled labor. The main responsibility of this well-paying job is to be a middleman for "donations", supposedly intended for victims of a natural disaster.
The scammer then asks the victim for their bank account numbers, allegedly to deposit donations into the victim's account so that the victim can redistribute them. As part of the "hiring process", the fraudster also asks for the victim's Social Security number and date of birth.
With this information, the criminal monitors the victim's account balances. When a larger-than-normal amount appears in the bank account, such as a paycheck, the scammer drains the account.
Generally, the faked company website will locate the company in a different country from the scammer; this may be noticeable by inspecting the domain registration for the website, which may indicate the scammer's true country of origin. In addition, victims in Western countries are targeted using a Western-sounding pseudonym like "Timothy Scott", while the domain name tgilberthome.org is actually registered to a "Li Xiang".
A recent work at home scam comes from exploiting unemployed people. A job is offered to work at home, with the fraudster claiming to represent a real corporation. He sets up an instant messenger interview usually over yahoo. There he tells the person that they are hired, and will receive high pay and full benefits. They must purchase bookkeeping software to work there, for around six hundred dollars. This money must be paid via western union. Of course the fraudster keeps the money, and there is no real job. Victims have called the company afterwards, but the fraudster never actually worked for or represented the company.
Dating fraud[edit]
With dating fraud, often the con artist develops a relationship with their victim through an online dating site and convinces the victim to send money to the fraudster. The requests for money can be a one-time event, or repeated over an extended period of time.
Although online dating has its dangers, three major dating services, eHarmony; Match.com and Spark Networks, have all agreed to take steps to keep their members safe from common online dating dangers.[7] These steps include: checking registered members against the national sex offender data base, including ongoing tips and guides on how to meet that special someone in person in a safe way, ongoing tips and guides on how to safely interact with other members so as to avoid fraud and rapid abuse reporting systems so members can report abuse or suspected fraud as it happens, allowing the companies to take swifter action.
A new term in dating fraud is "catfish", referring to "a person who creates a false online identity in the hopes of luring people into romantic relationships."[8]
Charity fraud[edit]
The scammer poses as a charitable organization soliciting donations to help the victims of a natural disaster, terrorist attack (such as the Sept. 11 World Trade Center attack), regional conflict, or epidemic. Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 tsunami were popular targets of scammers perpetrating charity scams; other more timeless scam charities purport to be raising money for cancer, AIDS or Ebola virus research, children's orphanages (the scammer pretends to work for the orphanage or a non-profit associated with it), or impersonates charities such as the Red Cross or United Way. The scammer asks for donations, often linking to online news articles to strengthen their story of a funds drive. The scammer's victims are charitable people who believe they are helping a worthy cause and expect nothing in return. Once sent, the money is gone and the scammer often disappears, though many attempt to keep the scam going by asking for a series of payments. The victim may sometimes find themselves in legal trouble after deducting their supposed donations from their income taxes. United States tax law states that charitable donations are only deductible if made to a qualified non-profit organization.[9] The scammer may tell the victim their donation is deductible and provide all necessary proof of donation, but the information provided by the scammer is fictional, and if audited, the victim faces stiff penalties as a result of the fraud. Though these scams have some of the highest success rates especially following a major disaster, and are employed by scammers all over the world, the average loss per victim is less than other fraud schemes. This is because, unlike scams involving a large expected payoff, the victim is far less likely to borrow money to donate or donate more than they can spare.[10]
International modem dialing[edit]
Customers of dial-up Internet service providers, such as AOL, use a modem to dial a local telephone number in order to connect to the Internet. Some web sites, typically containing adult content, trick consumers into paying to view content on their web site by convincing them to unwittingly make international telephone calls with their modem.
Often these sites claim to be free, and advertise that no credit card is needed to view the site. They prompt the user to download a "viewer" or "dialer" program to allow them to view the content. Once the program is downloaded, it disconnects the computer from the victim's usual Internet service provider and dials an international long-distance or premium-rate number, charging unexpectedly high rates to the victim's long-distance phone bill.
While one can usually request that their phone company block their line from making international calls in order to prevent this scam, there are loopholes that the scammers can exploit. In the United States and Canada, phone numbers are assigned Country Code "1" and a three-digit "area code" under the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). However, Bermuda and 16 Caribbean countries are also part of the NANP, so a phone number that has the same appearance as a domestic number may actually be an overseas call. The particular numbers belong to telephone companies that participate in the fraud by charging extremely high rates that are kicked back to the scammer. Scammers can also use a "Carrier Access Code" to override the user's default choice of long-distance company; this works around the international-calling block that the customer placed with that company.
Internet marketing and retail fraud[edit]
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Internet marketing and retail fraud is a fast-growing[11] area perpetrated by dishonest internet marketing and retail sites involving a variety of products and services. The victim is tricked, by a legitimate-looking site and effective marketing, into giving their credit card information and [card security code] (or sending funds by other means) in exchange for what they believe to be goods or services. The goods never arrive, turn out to be fake, or are products worth less than those advertised.
Where a credit card is involved, the perpetrators may also use the customer's credit card information to obtain cash or to make purchases of their own. A common example of this type of fraud would be pornographic websites that advertise free access, but require a credit card "for age verification purposes only". The scammers use the credit card information to make fraudulent charges.
Internet marketing and retail fraud involving health products may sell fake or worthless goods. These products might advertise a quick way to lose weight, a cure for a serious disease, or make other sensational claims.
Typical features of an Internet retail health fraud include:
- grand promises, claiming they can "do it all"
- claims to be a "scientific breakthrough", featuring fake doctors or scientists making claims for the product; may include technical jargon that experts in the field will recognize as being used inappropriately
- features a long list of "personal testimonials", without sufficient information to verify them
Consumers find that once these types of scammers obtain their credit card information, fraudulent charge attempts will be made even after the card is cancelled. Credit and consumer protection laws in many countries hold the credit card company liable to refund their customers' money for goods or services purchased with the card that are not delivered. The credit card company then has to absorb the loss, but these costs are ultimately passed on to consumers in the form of higher interest rates and fees.
Internet ticket fraud[edit]
A variation of Internet marketing fraud offers tickets to sought-after events such as concerts, shows, and sports events. The tickets are fake, or are never delivered. The proliferation of online ticket agencies, and the existence of experienced and dishonest ticket resellers, has fueled this kind of fraud. Many such scams are run by British ticket touts, though they may base their operations in other countries.[12]
A prime example was the global 2008 Beijing Olympic Games ticket fraud run by US-registered Xclusive Leisure and Hospitality, sold through a professionally designed website, www.beijingticketing.com, with the name "Beijing 2008 Ticketing".[13] On 4 August it was reported that more than A$50 million worth of fake tickets had been sold through the website.[14] On 6 August it was reported that the person behind the scam, which was wholly based outside China, was a British ticket tout, Terance Shepherd.[15]
SEO fraud[edit]
Search engine optimization, or SEO, fraud involves a supposed Internet marketing specialist presenting a prospective client with detailed graphs and charts indicating that the client's web site receives some number of "hits" per month. The specialist claims his services will increase web traffic, thus increasing the site's sales revenue. After payment, the scammer does not provide the proposed services.
Click fraud[edit]
Click fraud occurs when websites that are affiliates of advertising networks that pay per view or per click use spyware to force views or clicks to ads on their own websites. The affiliate is then paid a commission on the cost-per-click that was artificially generated. Affiliate programs such as Google's AdSense pay high commissions that drive the generation of bogus clicks. With paid clicks costing as much as US$100[verification needed] and an online advertising industry worth more than US$10 billion, this form of Internet fraud is on the increase.[16]
Internet "system" fraud[edit]
When reached by telephone, you are asked if you are (first name, then family name) and expected to reply as if it were anyone asking. What follows is designed to project an "authoritative message." It has been reported the caller says, "We are calling from Microsoft® Division 35." (or similar pronouncement)
"This serves as official notification that your computer has been spreading a virus which must be stopped. It has caused corruption up-and-down the Internet damaging servers; thus coming to the attention of Microsoft® engineers, in this corrective and disciplinary department. Failure to comply carries stiff monetary damages and punitive legal measures." This is followed with a vigorous message that you may employ the caller to take the necessary corrective action for you at a cost. Needless to say your money will be lost; also you risk losing your identity and other assets which can be attacked.
Variations of the message has been heard; assuredly it is all quite false. Microsoft® does not call "anyone" about the Internet. It is not even within their purview. If such happened indeed, it would likely be Cisco® Systems and they would send officials personally. Moreover, such things do not occur as stated.
If you recognize language dialects they are identifiable as being the "Indian Continent" dialect. To avoid repetitive calls, just hang up. Hearing lengths of the message is reported by one recipient as occurring monthly for over a year.[17]
Phishing is the act of masquerading as a trustworthy person or business to fraudulently acquire sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card details, that a victim might think reasonable to share with such an entity. Phishing usually involves seemingly official electronic notifications or messages, such as e-mails or instant messages. It is a form of social engineering.
The term phishing was coined in the mid-1990s by black-hat computer hackers attempting to gain access to AOL accounts. An attacker would pose as an AOL staff member and send an instant message to a potential victim. The message would ask the victim to reveal his or her password to "verify your account" or to "confirm billing information". Once the victim gave their password, the attacker could access the victim's account and use it for criminal purposes, such as spamming.
Fraudsters have widely used e-mail spam messages posing as large banks like Citibank, Bank of America, or PayPal in phishing attacks. These fraudsters copy the code and graphics from legitimate websites and use them on their own sites to create legitimate-looking scam web pages. These pages are so well done that most people cannot tell that they have navigated to a scam site.
Phishers will also add what appears to be a link to a legitimate site in an e-mail, but use specially crafted HTML source code that actually links to the scammer's fake site. Such links can be often revealed by using the "view source" feature in the e-mail application to look at the destination of the link, or by putting the mouse pointer over the link and looking at the URL then displayed in the status bar of the web browser.
The small percentage of people that fall for such phishing scams, multiplied by the sheer numbers of spam messages sent, presents the fraudster with a substantial incentive to keep doing it.
Email spoofing[edit]
Sender data shown in emails can be "spoofed", displaying a fake return address on outgoing email to hide the true origin of the message, therefore protecting it from being traced. The Sender Policy Framework protocol helps to combat email spoofing.[18]
Pharming occurs when a hacker redirects website traffic from a legitimate website to the hacker's fraudulent website by exploiting vulnerabilities in the Domain Name System (DNS). By corrupting a computer's knowledge of how a site's domain name maps to its IP address, the attacker causes the victim's computer to communicate with the wrong server—a technique known as domain hijacking.
By constructing a fake web site that looks like a legitimate site that might ask for the user's personal information, such as a copy of a bank's website, the fraudster can "phish", or steal by means of false pretenses, a victim's passwords, PIN or bank account number. The combination of domain hijacking with a phishing website constitutes farming.
Although many such sites use the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol to identify themselves cryptographically and prevent such fraud, SSL offers no protection if users ignore their web browsers' warnings about invalid SSL server certificates. Such warnings occur when a user connects to a server whose SSL certificate does not match the address of the server.
In 2004, a German teenager hijacked the eBay .de domain name.[citation needed] In January 2005, the domain name of Panix, a large New York ISP, was hijacked to a site in Australia.[citation needed]
Anti-pharming technologies are available.
Stock market manipulation schemes[edit]
Online stock market manipulation schemes, or investment schemes involve attempts to manipulate securities prices on the market for the personal profit of the scammer. According to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, the two main methods used by these criminals are "Pump-and-dump" and "Short-selling", or "scalping".
Pump-and-dump schemes[edit]
In a pump-and-dump scheme, false or fraudulent information designed to cause a dramatic price increase in thinly traded stocks or stocks of shell companies is disseminated in chat rooms, forums, internet boards, or via email (typically as spam). This is called the "pump". As soon as the price reaches the desired level, criminals immediately sell off their holdings of those stocks (the "dump"), which were previously purchased at the "un-pumped" price, thus realizing substantial profits before the stock price falls back to its usual low level.
Any buyers of the stock who are unaware of the scheme become victims once the price falls. When they realize the fraud, it is too late to sell; they have lost a high percentage of their money. Even if the stock value does increase, the stocks may be difficult to sell if there are no interested buyers, leaving the victim holding the unsalable shares for far longer than they desire.
Short-selling or "scalping" schemes[edit]
A short-selling scheme is similar to the "pump-and-dump" scheme. The swindler disseminates false or fraudulent information through the same methods, but this time with the purpose of causing dramatic price decreases in a specific company's stock. Once the stock price falls to the desired level, the fraudster buys the stock (or options on the stock), and then reverses the false information—or just waits for the effects of the fraudulent information to wear off with time, or be disproved by the company or the media. Once the stock goes back to its normal level, the criminal sells the stock or option at a profit.[19]
See also[edit]
- Advance fee fraud
- Business logic abuse
- Carding (fraud)
- Credit card fraud
- Employment scams
- Forex scam
- Fraud
- Mail and wire fraud
- Online pharmacy
- Pharming
- Romance scam
- Sick baby hoax
- Hijacked journals
- ^ Muscanell, Nicole; et al. (2 July 2014). "Weapons of Influence Misused: A Social Influence Analysis of Why People Fall Prey to Internet Scams". Social and Personality Psychology Compass. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Be Scam Smart". bescamsmart.com.
- ^ Tom Zeller Jr (April 26, 2005). "A Common Currency for Online Fraud: Forgers of U.S. Postal Money Orders Grow". New York Times.
- ^ http://www.cybercops.com/counterfeit_postal_money_orders.php
- ^ craigslist - cars & trucks
- ^ Mass Marketing Fraud: The U.S Department of Justice
- ^ Attorney General Kamala D. Harris Announces Agreement to Strengthen Consumer Protections for Users of Online Dating Websites | State of California - Department of Justice - Ka...
- ^ "Online Dating Red Flags: Warning Signs of a Catfish". Dr. Phil.com. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p526.pdf
- ^ "Scam Watch - Nigerian Scams". Scam Watch - Australian Government. 12 May 2016.
- ^ http://zhaoyanli.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/internet-marketing-and-retail-fraud.html
- ^ Jamie Doward (2008-03-09). "How boom in rogue ticket websites fleeces Britons". The Observer. London. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
- ^ "USOC and IOC file lawsuit against fraudulent ticket seller". Sports City. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
- ^ Jacquelin Magnay (4 August 2008). "Ticket swindle leaves trail of losers". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ Kelly Burke (6 August 2008). "British fraud ran Beijing ticket scam". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ Acohido, Byron (26 April 2010). "Cybercriminals increase Internet advertising click fraud". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ Personal experiences of an AT&T® subscriber in Kansas, USA. 2014-2017
- ^ Gantz, John; Rochester, Jack B. (2005). Pirates of the Digital Millennium. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-146315-2.
- ^ Yun, Michelle. "Olam Survives as Short-Seller Block Proves Investors' Friend". BLOOMBERG L.P. Retrieved Apr 25, 2013.


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GREENBURGH, N.Y. -- Tyson Chandler says there is "definitely a chance" that he'll return to the lineup Tuesday against Boston. But the Knicks big man plans to proceed with caution due to a lingering neck injury.
"It's kind of a thing where all of me wants to be out there, obviously, with my teammates. But then again, I've got to be smart for my teammates at the same time," Chandler said.
The Knicks have listed Chandler as questionable for Tuesday's game.
He has missed the Knicks' last six games due to a bulging disk in his neck. The Knicks said last Monday that Chandler would miss "approximately" a week. New York is 4-2 in Chandler's absence.
The All-Star center participated in some shooting drills during a light practice on Monday before the team departed for Boston.
Chandler says there is some lingering pain in his neck.
"I'm not worried about just a little pain. It's more so I don't want to be back in a predicament where I come back and then I'm out for a week or so," Chandler said. "When I'm back I want to be back."
The Knicks can ill afford to lose Chandler for an extended period. They are without big men Amar'e Stoudemire (right knee), Kurt Thomas (stress reaction/right foot) and Rasheed Wallace (stress fracture/left foot) for at least the rest of the regular season.
Chandler also suffered a bone bruise on his left knee on March 13 against Denver. He said his knee is no longer an issue. He hurt his neck after a collision with Denver's Kenneth Faried and remains concerned about lingering issues.
"I need to not go into a spasm whenever I'm in a vulnerable position, whether I'm reaching to block a shot or in a defensive stance. Right now, it's still a little sore," Chandler said. "Hopefully, (Tuesday, I'll) go through shootaround and see from there."
Coach Mike Woodson said he'd "played it by ear" with Chandler and base his final decision on how the player feels after shootaround on Tuesday morning.
Kenyon Martin has performed well in Chandler's absence.
In the Knicks' four-game winning streak, Martin has averaged 14.3 points and 7.5 rebounds and has hit 75 percent of his shots.
Woodson says Martin will be on the bench when Chandler returns. But Chandler and Martin figure to share the floor together at times. That's something Chandler is looking forward to.
"I love it," he said. "I can't wait to get out there and play alongside him."
You can follow Ian Begley on Twitter.


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I never stuff the bird when I use stuffing. There are a lot of factors that lead to that decision. Mostly I don't feel that I get a proper cook out of a roasted bird. There is risk of contamination of the stuffing from uncooked drippings, and most importantly, you don't get loads of crunchy bits, leading to fights among guests and family over the coveted crispy stuffing. Feel free to stuff your turkey, or chicken, or not. But whatever you do, enjoy the stuffing.
I honestly don't know what I was thinking when the idea popped into my head. Oh wait. Yes I do. Okay so I went to a photography class in Prince Edward County. It's like cheese and wine capital, and of coarse I bought cheese curds. I have poutine on the blog already, so I really wanted something special for these curds. That's when I got a craving for Chicken Fingers. Then I was like, what if I put the cheese curds on the fresh Chicken Fingers and topped it all with fresh chicken gravy?! Chicken Fingers Poutine!
The sauce was sheer mishap. I didn't want to cheap out and get some store bought stuff, so I thought I would just throw together a sauce. Only, it didn't work out very well at all. My balances were way off in the beginning. But after adding a little of this and that, and a healthy dose of bourbon, I ended up with a lip tingling-ly good sauce.
I served this meal with some roasted potatoes, tossed with fresh dill and gouda, as well as roasted broccoli, just lightly salted. All in all, a well rounded and delicious meal.
View Our Accessories


text:
- Description
- View Full Specifications
- Year:
- 1998
- Length:
- 54'
- Engine/Fuel Type:
- Twin / diesel
- Located In:
- Fort Lauderdale , FL
- Hull Material:
- Fiberglass
- 1657-2989777
- Current Price:
PDQ is a pedigree Ocean Alexander and this yacht features Caterpillar diesel engines, a stand-up engine room, huge lazarette, large cockpit and home sized appliances! PDQ spent the first ten years of her life in Wisconsin. During that time, she averaged less than 80 hours use per year and was always stored away each winter. The current owner purchased the yacht in the summer of 2009 and since, he has had the opportunity to enjoy years of dependable cruising. In June 2016, PDQ was hauled out of the water and received new anti-foul paint, running gear and bearings were inspected, Naiad Stabilizers were dropped and serviced, propellers and rudders were removed and serviced, the exterior was polished and the interior and engine room have been detailed. The seller is moving down to an express fisherman or center counsel and will consider quality trades.
Click this link and view our Virtual Tour on PDQ - https://yachtprofile.com/ypo546
For further information contact Michael Hartman at 954-478-8569, or email firstname.lastname@example.com
This is a shared listing with Jason Dunbar of Luke Brown Yachts.
Please contact Michael Hartman at +1 (954) 478-8569
Additional Specs, Equipment and Information:
Boat Name
Builder: Ocean Alexander
Designer: Ed Monk
Flag of Registry: United States
Hull Shape: Semi-Displacement
LOA: 54 ft 6 in
Beam: 16 ft 4 in
Displacement: 49000 lbs
Bridge Clearance: 25 ft 0 in
Total Power: 1320 HP
Engine 1:
Engine Brand: Caterpillar
Engine Model: 3196TA
Engine Type: Inboard
Engine/Fuel Type: Diesel
Location: Starboard
Engine Hours: 2000
Engine Power: 660 HP
Engine 2:
Engine Brand: Caterpillar
Engine Model: 3196TA
Engine Type: Inboard
Engine/Fuel Type: Diesel
Location: Port
Engine Hours: 2000
Engine Power: 660 HP
Fresh Water Tanks: (240 Gallons)
Fuel Tanks: (700 Gallons)
Holding Tanks: (75 Gallons)
Number of single berths: 4
Number of double berths: 1
Number of cabins: 3
Number of heads: 3
Outside Equipment/Extras
Total Liferaft Capacity: 6
Electric windlass
Cockpit and Lazarette
- Transom door provides safe access to nonskid swim platform
- Teak Decks
- Varnished Teak Rails
- 5 large stainless steel cleats
- 5 stainless steel Lees Rod Holders
- 2 large GRP storage lockers for fenders, lines, and miscellaneous gear
- Outdoor hot and cold shower
- Hookups for shore power, cable TV, electric, and freshwater wash-down
- 4 step access to extra-large lazarette
- Appropriately sized cockpit compliments fishing, diving, and cruising
- Lazarette is spacious and does allow convenient access to machinery, pumps, valves, and strainers.
- Northern Lights Generator with Sound Shield and spare propellers are located in the lazarette.
- There is a work area found here as well as ample space for fishing and diving gear, bikes, golf clubs, or other toys required for your cruise. PDQ was built to travel!
Aft Deck
The aft deck on this Ocean Alexander is spacious and it's completely covered by the flybridge deck. Doors on each side of the aft deck allow access forward to the side decks as well as ensure privacy and protection from the elements.
- Large rectangular table seats six
- Wetbar with U-Line Ice Maker and Isotherm Fridge plus an abundant amount of storage
- Flat screen TV that stows away overhead into a robust compartment
- Teak Decks
- Step access with safe handrails up to the command bridge helm and down to the salon
Side Decks
The side decks on PDQ are nonskid fiberglass. The side decks are partially covered by the bridge deck. High stainless steel bow rails and hand rails attached to the house help to move around deck safely.
Five steps up from the aft deck is the helm station. The helm is enclosed with sliding glass windows and this space is climate controlled for comfort. The space has two molded seating areas that each have storage below. There is another storage locker located below the helm station on the port side.
- 5-Step teak ladder with stainless handrail
- (2) Upholstered helm chairs
- L-Shaped settee with large fiberglass table to port with additional seating starboard
- (3) Large windows with screens easily slide open completely
- (2) Overhead hatches with screens
- (4) Stainless overheads lights
- (6) Rod holders built in overhead
- Teak decks
- White vinyl headliner shows well
Navigation Electronics
- Furuno Radar with Display FCV – 585
- 2 Raymarine E120 Displays
- ACR Searchlight RCL-100
- 4 Raymarine Multi-Displays: Depth, Auto Pilot, Speed, and Multiple
- Fireboy Alarm and Suppression Control
- Naiad Stabilizers Control Panel
- Bow and Stern Thrusters
- Yacht Controller
- VHF Radio IC-M602
- Alpine CDA-7894 CD Receiver
- Cruisair A/C Control Panel
- Ship's phone
- Overhead Caterpillar Engine Displays
- Overhead Displays for: Batteries, Racor Filters, Temperatures, and Levels for oil and water
Tender Deck
Access to the tender deck on PDQ is via a large sliding window found on the aft bulkhead of the enclosed bridge. The bridge deck houses the Caribe inflatable tender however there is ample room for additional yacht toys if desired.
- 6-Person Switlik MKII life raft
- 2008 Caribe Inflatable RIB with 15 HP Yamaha Outboard
- Telescoping Davit (manufacturer and lifting capacity is not known)
- Rocket Launcher with 16 rod holders
- Waist high rails surround the bridge deck
- Convenient access to KVH SAT TV and Raymarine Radar installed on the hardtop
Cruising Speed
PDQ will cruise efficiently at 10 to 12 knots. The seller shared he has operated PDQ at 12 knots in all types of weather and sea conditions. 16 knots cruising speed is possible and PDQ will top out around 19 knots. PDQ would oftentimes travel at idle speed of 8 knots, the perfect trolling speed. PDQ will get 1.5 NM per gallon at 8 knots.
When describing the interior of this Ocean Alexander, volume and storage are reoccurring adjectives. There is extra headroom throughout, windows surround the salon, the galley is equipped with a home sized fridge and freezer, the staterooms are big, and even the heads are generously proportioned. The interior joiner work has aged beautifully. The light Oak wood is complimented by genuine wood sole and white headliner throughout the interior. PDQ would make a luxurious live aboard yacht that is capable of comfortable long distance cruises.
Salon and Galley
The salon and galley on PDQ is an open arrangement and large windows surround the entire space.
- There is an extra-large settee and table designed to accommodate six
- A wing door with screen to starboard provides good access to the foredeck
- Ship's panel is located forward in the salon
- The galley is equipped with abundant storage throughout thanks in part to the high top breakfast bar with built in bottle storage beneath
- 9 over counter cabinets plus ample storage below counter
- Amana home sized Fridge and Freezer
- Amana 4 burner ceramic cooktop
- Sharp Convection Oven
- Franke Double Stainless Sink
- Counter space in galley looks out through a large screened sliding window
Master Stateroom
- Located aft 5 steps down from the galley, the master stateroom is separated from the rest of the yacht's interior.
- Walk around queen berth with built in storage below
- Abundant built in storage throughout the master with 3 hanging lockers
- Samsung TV
- GE Washer and Dryer
- Ladies vanity
- 6 portholes and 1 large window built into the aft bulkhead provides natural light
- Ensuite bath with stand up shower and Raritan head
VIP Stateroom
- VIP stateroom is located forward. This space complimented by extra headroom and natural lighting.
- Large single berths with built in storage below
- Ladies vanity
- 3 large hanging lockers
- Ensuite bath with stand up shower and Raritan head
Third Stateroom
The 3rd stateroom is located just forward of the engine room. This stateroom features crisscross single berths and ensuite bath. Access to the engine room is found via a door built into the head. Like the rest of the interior, this cabin is complimented by beautiful wood floors and a sharp looking white headliner.
Engine Room
Twin Caterpillar 3196 inline 6 cylinder diesels with 2000 hours
16 KW Northern Lights Generator with 2800 hours
Hynautic hydraulic steering
60 Cycle - 120/240 volts AC
50 amp shore power cord
3 aluminum fuel tanks
ZF Marine transmissions
- Cruisair air conditioning
Broker Comments
PDQ is perfectly suited for boaters seeking extra space. This CAT powered cockpit motoryacht has a functional cockpit, spacious aft deck, and three ensuite staterooms. Navigating from the air conditioned enclosed helm is comfortable. Stand up engine room and extra-large lazarette makes your checks and maintenance easy as possible for an owner operator. PDQ has been brought to Fort Lauderdale for the sole purpose of being sold as quickly as possible. The seller is moving down to a smaller boat and will consider quality express fisherman and center consoles on trade
Default Disclaimer
The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.
Visit Website


text:
The proposal is aimed to improve the pharmacological effects of low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH). This project is a collaborative effort of four research groups, including Dr. Jian Liu (University of North Carolina) Dr. Robert Linhardt (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Dr. Edward Harris (University of Nebraska, Lincoln) and Dr. Jawed Fareed (Loyola University Medical Center). LWMH is a widely used anticoagulant drug to treat thrombotic disorders. The currently marketed LMWH drugs are a mixture of sulfated poly-/oligo-saccharides, which are vulnerable to contamination and batch-to-batch variability. We plan to synthesize structurally homogeneous LMWH to eliminate the structural heterogeneity. The new LMWH constructs should display consistent anticoagulant activity, improved sensitivity to protamine neutralization, and controlled metabolic pathway. The synthesis of homogeneous LMWH will be completed using a chemo enzymatic approach. The pharmacological effects of the products will be evaluated in mouse and primate models. The success of this project will optimize the structures of heparin-based drugs with improved safety and efficacy.
Low-molecular weight heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant drug. Currently, low-molecular weight heparin is prepared from the degradation of heparin that is isolated from animal tissues. It has been known that animal-sourced heparin is vulnerable to contamination. This project is aimed to design and synthesize structurally homogeneous low-molecular weight heparins to improve its pharmacological effects as well as eliminate the need for animal-sourced heparin.
|Cai, Chao; Dickinson, Demetria M; Li, Lingyun et al. (2014) Fluorous-assisted chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. Org Lett 16:2240-3
|Fu, Li; Li, Lingyun; Cai, Chao et al. (2014) Heparin stability by determining unsubstituted amino groups using hydrophilic interaction chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 461:46-8
|Sterner, Eric; Li, Lingyun; Paul, Priscilla et al. (2014) Assays for determining heparan sulfate and heparin O-sulfotransferase activity and specificity. Anal Bioanal Chem 406:525-36
|Liu, Zhangguo; Zhang, Fuming; Li, Lingyun et al. (2014) Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. Glycoconj J 31:593-602
|Xu, Yongmei; Cai, Chao; Chandarajoti, Kasemsiri et al. (2014) Homogeneous low-molecular-weight heparins with reversible anticoagulant activity. Nat Chem Biol 10:248-50
|Liu, Chunhui; Sheng, Juzheng; Krahn, Juno M et al. (2014) Molecular mechanism of substrate specificity for heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase. J Biol Chem 289:13407-18
|Chandarajoti, Kasemsiri; Xu, Yongmei; Sparkenbaugh, Erica et al. (2014) De novo synthesis of a narrow size distribution low-molecular-weight heparin. Glycobiology 24:476-86
|Hsieh, Po-Hung; Xu, Yongmei; Keire, David A et al. (2014) Chemoenzymatic synthesis and structural characterization of 2-O-sulfated glucuronic acid-containing heparan sulfate hexasaccharides. Glycobiology 24:681-92
|Gasimli, Leyla; Glass, Charles A; Datta, Payel et al. (2014) Bioengineering murine mastocytoma cells to produce anticoagulant heparin. Glycobiology 24:272-80
|Liu, Jian; Linhardt, Robert J (2014) Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin. Nat Prod Rep 31:1676-85
Showing the most recent 10 out of 37 publications


text:
- Athelina Luize
- 0 reviews
- 0 gaji
- Candidate must possess at least a SMU
- At least 1 year(s) of working experience in the related field is required for this position
- Applicants must be willing to work in Purwakarta
- Preferably Staff (non-management & non-supervisor) specializing in Quality Control/Assurance or equivalent
- Full-Time position(s) available
If you feel that you can meet the qualification and up to the challenge, please send your complete application (application letter, resume, expected salary and any related supporting documents) and current color photograph at size 4 x 6 cm by clicking button bellow
Deskripsi Perusahaan
Packaging communicates brand identity, enabling it to step out and show a more prominent profile than any competitor. Packaging can also tell an engaging story, portray a positive image, while working to stimulate emotions for a product. Attractive Packaging, Unique Packaging - these can become key contributors to a customer's snap decision in making a purchase. Thus can Packaging establish the position and profile of a given product, within a certain category and price range.
In an age of sharpening competition and crowded product segments, where customers are faced with many choices, only a truly marketing-focused packaging specialist can make a difference. ICBP Packaging will evaluate the basic needs to protect and maintain the quality of the products from initial manufacturing until the final consumption. The added value of ICBP Packaging will be delivered through the latest gravure printing technology to bring the designs to life.
In response to rapidly-changing demands and the shift to globalization, ICBP Packaging will continue to add value to products, through tailored packaging solutions, thus upgrading the basic function of product protection while seeking perfection in print-quality, consistently and reliably.


text:
In a tough speech to the National Union of Teachers, the biggest teachers' union, he dismissed left-wing delegates as a "minority of a minority". He appealed to all teachers to stop seeing themselves as victims and to be partners in improving children's life chances.
Ignoring the shouted protests of delegates at the conference in Blackpool, Mr Blunkett set out a long list of the Government's achievements in education over the last 11 months, including a promise to spend more than pounds 2bn to improve buildings and raise standards.
Raising his voice, Mr Blunkett said defiantly: "Shouting won't make a difference. All you do is put off decent people who want to go into the teaching profession. The comfort is you are a very tiny minority."
There were cries of "Not enough", as Mr Blunkett detailed the Government's achievements and the extra money promised for education, including pounds 1.3bn to repair school buildings. Some delegates sneered when he played a video explaining how the Government intended to reduce teachers' workload by providing off-the-peg lesson plans and examples of good practice on the national grid for learning.
Members of both of the biggest teachers unions - the NUT and the National Association of Schoolmasters/Union of Women Teachers - have voted for action, not including strikes, over the growing burden of paperwork in schools.
Mr Blunkett, who announced a series of proposals to reduce school red tape, warned teachers against taking industrial action over workloads: "Industrial action is not acceptable because it is bound to affect our standards agenda." He insisted that teachers must hold their heads up and urged them to believe in themselves.
At a briefing later, he admitted: "There is still some way to go to translate good intentions into good practice. That is partly because of this victim syndrome. People do think they are very hard done by - that makes it very difficult to relate to them even when you are make positive moves."
He made it clear that the Government's daily literacy hour and education action zones to raise standards in deprived areas were non-negotiable, despite the conference's opposition to them.
Mr Blunkett told the conference that they would not put up for a second with standards for their children which some people seem prepared to put up with for other people's children. He said: "You can be part of a real learning age when inequality and injustice can be set aside because at last we have given children real life chances."
The Government had not been able to wave a magic wand as many people would have liked but it had found an extra pounds 835m to save the education service, he said.
Despite some heckling, Mr Blunkett's reception was much better than that he received three years ago when he was jostled by left-wing delegates. Moderate teachers applauded him warmly.
Doug McAvoy, the union's general secretary, said that the Government's credit balance was fairly impressive but he won a standing ovation from left-wing delegates when he said it was unfair to name and shame failing schools.
Mr McAvoy said that the union's action over workload would go ahead before the end of the month, but he hoped it would be limited while he continued to press the Government for more concessions.
Will Reese of Coventry, a member of the Socialist Teachers Alliance, questioned Mr Blunkett's assertion that the Government was not a threat to teachers. "There remains a persistent thread of criticism about teachers. It almost seems as if they are being singled out."
Leading article, page 16
- More about:
- Literacy
- National Union Of Teachers
- Teachers
- Trade Unions


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I recently purchased a pelargonium called "Golden Formosum" with unusual
fringed leaves. I remember reading a story that these "formosum" plants
were originally discovered growing in Mexico(?) and were called
"formosum" at the time because they were thought to have come from
Japan. Is anything else known about the actual origin of this type?
Also, do they need any special growing conditions? Information about
them is rather sparce. I live in Adelaide, Australia where
pelargoniums are very easy to cultivate.
Carol Jurd


text:
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Last modified September 21 2016 11:52 AM