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My name is Ercilia Delancer and I have been teaching English as a Second Language (ESL), English as a Foreign Language (EFL), and English for Academic Purposes(EAP) since 1999. I have a bachelors degree in sociology from the University of Washington and a masters in TESOL (Teacher of English for Speakers of Other Languages) from Florida International University. I have taught students at the elementary, secondary and college level. I served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal (2000-2002) at a secondary school in the village of Gaindakot, near the Indian border, where I taught English and literature to students ranging from the 8th to the 12th grade. I have been an English Language Fellow since 2011 first serving in Tajikistan (2011-2012) and currently in Kyrgyzstan (2012-2013) where I have done a mixture of teaching English to future teachers of English and teacher training as well. Any questions, comments or suggestions can be sent to me at: firstname.lastname@example.com
In Memoriam Sue Gershenson (1945-2011) Peace Corp Volunteer Nepal 191 (2000-2002) This booklet originated in the Terai region of Nepal where I served as a Peace Corps volunteer teaching English and American and British literature to high school students. It was born out of a concern for the paucity of teaching resources available to the typical village school teacher who only had access to the government-issued textbook, chalk, and board. No credit is been given to any particular source for materials here, except where noted, as I came across them while attending multiple workshops and seminars sponsored by the Peace Corps, the British Council and other NGOs in the area. In addition, many of the worksheets are freely available online these days. Sue Gershenson, my fellow Peace Corps Volunteer in Nepal, played a pivotal role in getting the original booklet published in 2002. Although she was a lawyer by profession, she offered invaluable advice in the formatting of the materials to make it more accessible to the teachers. She lost her battle against cancer in 2011, and I miss her terribly. This revised booklet is being made available free of charge for anyone interested in picking up some new ideas, games or warm-ups as well as refreshing their knowledge of certain grammar structures, idiomatic expressions or difficult words. I would like to thank Willoughby Ann Walshe, Peace Corps volunteer in Kyrgyzstan (K20), for her assistance in revising the materials and collating them into a more logical ordering. Ercilia Delancer, Teacher Trainer English Language Fellow (2011 and 2012) Peace Corps Volunteer, Nepal (2000-2002) Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan June 2013
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PREFACE In Memoriam TABLE OF CONTENTS 12. SO YOU THINK IT'S EASY TO LEARN ENGLISH??? 13. BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING INVENTORY 14. STUDENTS SAY A GREAT TEACHER…… 15. CLASSROOM RULES 16. 99 WAYS TO SAY "VERY GOOD" 18. Causes of Students' Misbehavior 20. ENCOURAGING ENGLISH IN CLASS 21. WORDS THAT ENCOURAGE 22. STUDENT'S SURVEY 23. SING ME A SONG 25. THE ALPHABET SONG 26. ICEBREAKERS, WARM-UPS, ENERGIZERS AND OTHER GAMES GRAMMAR REVIEW, EXERCISES AND GAMES 50. WHAT IS GRAMMAR? 60. A WORLD OF LANGUAGE: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS 62. PARTS OF SPEECH 64. FUNNY GRAMMAR RULES 65. ADJECTIVE POSITION 67. COMPARING DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES 69. COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 70. COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE QUIZ 71. ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS/LINKING VERBS 72. DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN –ED VERSUS 73. SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES 74. COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE QUIZ 75. NONPROGRESSIVE, NON-CONTINUOUS OR STATIVE VERBS 76. STATIVE or LINKING VERBS: An Exercise 78. GUIDELINES FOR USING ARTICLES 79. USING DEFINITE ARTICLE "THE" 80. ARTICLES EXERCISE 81. CAPITALIZATION RULES 82. CAPITALIZATION EXERCISE 83. CAUSATIVE VERBS: GET, HAVE, LET, MAKE 84. CONJUNCTIONS: A SUMMARY 86. Conjunctions - So, But, Or, And 87. CONJUNCTION ACTIVITY 88. FOR AND SINCE (TIME) 89. GERUNDS VERSUS INFINITIVE 90. "I" and "Me" 91. IRREGULAR VERBS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST 93. Irregular Verbs Exercise
94. LIST OF MODALS 95. MODALS - An EXERCISE 96. NONCOUNT NOUNS 97. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE - NOUN QUANTIFIERS 98. PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE) 99. PHRASAL VERBS – INSEPARABLE 101. TWO-WORD VERBS - A QUIZ 102. PHRASAL VERB EXERCISE 103. PREPOSITIONS: A SUMMARY 107. PREPOSITION QUIZ 108. PREPOSITION PRACTICE 109. PROVERBS – AN EXERCISE USING PREPOSITIONS 110. PREPOSITIONS + GERUND 111. PRONOUN EXERCISE 112. OBJECT PRONOUNS 113. ALL PRONOUNS PRACTICE 114. ANY / SOME: AN EXPLANATION 115. SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS 118. EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY 119. USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER AND NEITHER
121. QUOTED SPEECH VERSUS REPORTED SPEECH 122. REDUNDANCY 123. RELATED WORDS 124. RELATED WORDS PRACTICE 125. TAG QUESTIONS 126. TAG QUESTIONS EXERCISE 127. WHEN AND WHY DO WE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT? 128. THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE 129. Distinguishing between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Progressive 130. USING THE SIMPLE PAST VERSUS THE PRESENT PERFECT 131. EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE 132. BASIC SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT 133. Subject-Verb Agreement: AN EXERCISE 134. Subject - Verb Agreement: More Practice 135. SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT: USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY 136. FORMS OF YES/NO AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS 137. USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW TIME RELATIONSHIPS 138. Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships 139. EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO 140. Seven Ways to Express the Future in English 142. USING WHO, WHOM, AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 143. ABOUT YOU - ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 144. If: Special Tense Use 145. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES 146. USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE 147. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE – AN EXERCISE 148. WH- Question Practice 149. THERE IS OR THERE ARE? 150. USING SO AND SUCH
151. USING ALREADY, YET, STILL AND ANYMORE 152. Troublesome Verbs 153. SAY AND TELL 154. SAME AS, SIMILAR TO, OR DIFFERENT FROM 155. TOO MUCH OR TOO MANY?? 156. USING "WHEN' AND "WHILE" WITH THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND THE SIMPLE PAST 157. COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE AND DO 159. MAKE OR DO EXERCISE 160. CONNECTIVES – AN EXERCISE 161. SENTENCE AUCTION 162. PUNCTUATION MARKS 163. THE USES OF THE COMMA SPEAKING ACTIVITIES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS 167. WHY STUDENTS DON'T LIKE TO SPEAK IN CLASS 168. DISCUSSION TOPICS BY LEVELS 169. WISE WORDS 170. SILENT LETTER GAME 171. SITUATIONS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE RESPONSE 172. WE BOTH LOVE.... AN ICEBREAKER 173. Tying the Knot 174. THE GOOD MANNERS GAME 174. THE TWO MINUTE CHALLENGE 175. THINGS PEOPLE HAVEN'T DONE 176. Cosmetic Surgery 177. COMPLAINTS AND ADVICE 178. MARRIAGE, DIVORCE AND CHILDREN 179. WORD STRESS PATTERN 180. IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND 181. TABOO GAME – FAMOUS PEOPLE 182. GET A LIFE 184. GOOD MANNERS 185. SCATTERGORIES 186. PHRASES AND PLACES 187. Shop till you drop 188. PEOPLE, PLACES OR THINGS 189. TIME 190. CLICHES 191. Personality Traits 192. $ $ Money $ $ 193. THINGS PEOPLE CAN AND CAN'T DO 194. THOUGHTS ON FAMILY 195. SPEECH RUBRIC 196. RIDDLES FOR CHILDREN 196. MORE RIDDLES 198. QUESTIONS ABOUT COLORS 199. PAINTING WITH WORDS 200. LIVING IN THE PAST 201. HOMOPHONES – A DICTATION EXERCISE 202. LIKES AND DISLIKES 203. LET'S HAVE A PARTY
204. INTO MUSIC 205. INTERVIEW FORM 206. WHY MIGHT YOU……. 207. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USING COLORS 208. COMMON COMPARISONS – SIMILES 209. MIMES 210. I WISH ……………………… 211. Growing Up 212. GETTING TO KNOW YOU 213. FUTURE PLANS 214. FIND SOMEONE WHO….. 215. Find out if your partner… 216. GESTURES AND COMMANDS – BODY LANGUAGE 215. FAMOUS PEOPLE TO TALK ABOUT 217. FAMOUS PAIRS 219. Health Consciousness 220. READING SURVEY 221. Hopes and Dreams 222. TOUR GUIDE 223. Children and Parents 224. MODERN DAY WOMEN 225. EXPRESSING OUR MOODS 226. You Can't Live With Them, You Can't Live Without Them 227. ALL ABOUT TRAVELING 228. The Best and Worst 229. A DAY TRIP TO NEW YORK CITY 230. THE BIRDS AND THE BEES 231. Eating Habits (A) 232. Eating Habits (B) 234. DOING THINGS 235. I've never …………………………… 237. ANIMATED ANIMALS 238. PARENT POWER 239. ADOLESCENCE 240. ANIMAL IDIOMS 241. What would happen if. . . 242. USING IDIOMS 244. CHILDREN AND GROWING UP 245. FOOD IDIOMS 246. VICES 247. DILEMMAS 248. DATING 249. CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT / DEBATE TOPICS 250. PARENTAL PUNISHMENT 251. CONTRACTIONS 252. BATTLE OF THE SEXES 253. COMMON SUPERSTITIONS 254. AGE 255. ABOUT ME 256. Creating the Ideal Society
257. IF I COULD BE ………………………. 258. Tongue-Twisters 259. OVERWORKED AND UNDERPAID 260. The Perfect Partner 261. Preferences A 262. Preferences B 263. PROVERBIALLY, YOU CAN'T 264. The Ideal Job 265. Family Life 266. FOLLOW THE IDIOM 267. REDUCTIONS 268. Food for Thought 269. A REVIEW OF SOME IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS 271. How many can you think of? 272. Tell Us Something 273. IDIOMS TO EXPRESS HAPPINESS OR SADNESS 274. THINGS I DO 275. Prejudice 276. RATE THE APPARATUS 277. WHAT REALLY ANNOYS YOU? 278. Idioms to Use in Class Situations 279. THREE DISHES, BOOKS, PLACES AND HOBBIES 280. Topics to Talk About 281. WHEN I WAS A CHILD..... 282. WHY DON'T WE..... 283. TRIBOND ACTIVITY 284. TRIBOND – Answer Key 285. Working My Life Away 286. IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND 287. WOMEN AND THE PROFESSIONS 289. TRUE OR FALSE 290. What are you afraid of? 291. Conversation Questions: What if………………..? 292. Young Adulthood 293. BODY PART IDIOMS 295. Star-Struck 296. IN FOCUS – INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 297. Find someone who .................. 298. WHAT A BEAUTY! 299. PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -ED 300. Wildlife 301. Connected Speech 302. LINKING 303. Complaining 304. Ouch! That Smarts! VOCABULARY INSTRUCTIONS AND GAMES 306. TEACHING VOCABULARY 307. WHO WORKS HERE? 308. KINDS OF THINGS THAT… 309. WORDS TO INSULT THE FOLKS YOU DISLIKE
310. WHAT DO YOU CALL THE THING THAT ……………………….? 311. Which Word is Out? 312. WHAT DO THEY DO? 313. NAME YOUR FEAR 314. WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES 315. PREFIXES 317. OCCUPATIONAL BINGO 318. COMPARING WORD MEANING 319. PLACES – BUILDINGS PEOPLE LIVE IN 320. PLACES TO GO FOR A PURPOSE 321. OCCUPATIONS QUIZ 322. Nouns for Defining 323. COLLOCATIONS FOR NOUNS AND THEIR PARTITIVES 324. Bingo 325. MY PERSONAL STRENGTHS SHEET 326. IN OTHER WORDS: SYNONYMS 328. ANALOGIES 329. SYNONYMS 330. ANTONYMS 331. WHICH ONE IS THE ODD ONE OUT? 332. WHAT DO I DO? OR WHAT IS MY JOB? 3313. GIVE AN EXAMPLE 334. FIND SOMETHING……. 335. FAMILY RELATIONS 337. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP QUIZ 338. FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE 339. THE INTERACTIVE PREFIX SURVEY 340. EUPHEMISMS 341. EPONYMS 342. ELIMINATION GAME 343. DOUBLESPEAK 344. COLLECTIVE NOUNS 345. CLIPPED WORDS 346. PORTMANTEAU WORDS 346. ANIMALS AND THEIR MEAT 347. A QUIZ OF COLLECTIVE NOUNS 348. ORIGINS: Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral 349. DIFFICULT WORDS 350. AT HOME – PARTS OF THE HOUSE WRITING ACTIVITIES 352. WRITING SURVEY 353. AUTOBIOGRAPHY 354. INTEREST INVENTORY 355. AT THE ZOO 356. YOU CAN HAVE ……. 357. MY FAVORITE SANDWICH 358. MAD LIBS 359. MY BEDROOM 360. PUT-TOGETHERS 361. ANIMAL HABITS
FOOD 411. MY IDEAL SCHOOL 367. COCKTAILS AND MIXED DRINKS 402. DESCRIBING PEOPLE 364. Vegetables – Vocabulary 412. FEELINGS – VOCABULARY 409. BABY ITEMS 396. HAVE YOU EVER. COMPOUND WORD BASES 405. COMMON COLLOCATES 403. CLOTHING VOCABULARY 400. KIM'S GAME . COLLECTIVE NOUNS . SENTENCE STARTERS TWO 372. 413. THE HARDEST WORKING WORDS 365. UNFINISHED SENTENCES 378. WRITING QUIZ 386. SKELETON STORIES 369. SENTENCE BEGINNINGS 375. 300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES 390.362. A FAMOUS HOLIDAY IN YOUR COUNTRY 363. MY IDEAL HOME 379. CHRISTMAS VOCABULARY 400. HERBS AND SPICES 414. BE MORE DESCRIPTIVE 385. MAIN CHARACTER QUESTIONNAIRE 381. FLOWERS AND VINES 410. HOMOPHONES 415.. A TIMELINE 384. ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY 393.. COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS 406. LANGUAGES AND NATIONALITIES 408.. BODY PARTS 398. Jewelry – Vocabulary 401. COUNTRIES. ADJECTIVES AND THEIR OPPOSITES 391. SENTENCE ENDS 374. EDITING TIPS 383. ANIMALS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST 394. MAKING ADJECTIVES 373. Fruit – Vocabulary 411. OXYMORONS 377. HOW TO WRITE GOOD VOCABULARY: A GLOSSARY 388.ANIMALS 404. ANIMALS AND THEIR BABIES 395. WRITING TOPICS 366. MY HOMETOWN 380. NOUN AND ADJECTIVE FORMS 371. MY LAST VACATION 376. ELABORATIONS 382. SENTENCE STARTERS 370.
NOUN – MASTER LIST 420. 300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES – INTERMEDIATE 426. TROUBLESOME WORDS 429. EFL RESOURCE BOOKLET – ANSWER KEYS . NATURE 419.416. Literary Devices 435. WORDS AND THEIR OPPOSITES 432. WHAT DOES IT TASTE LIKE? 431. THE 100 WORDS MOST COMMONLY MISSPELLED 425. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 418. LEISURE ACTIVITIES 417. TREES 427. VERBS – MASTER LIST 430. SOUNDS ANIMALS MAKE 424. SILENT LETTERS 422. OCCUPATIONS / PROFESSIONS 421. SIMILES OF COMPARISON 423.
11.They sent a sewer down to stitch the tear in the sewer line. the farmer taught his sow how to sow. 16. 22.We must polish the Polish furniture 2. 21.After a number of injections my jaw got number. 13. 8. 7.When shot at. you may need to practice) 1.The accountant records the records at the record store.SO YOU THINK IT'S EASY TO LEARN ENGLISH??? Here are twenty-three reasons why the English language is hard to learn: (Read each sentence aloud.Upon seeing the tear in my clothes.The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.The buck does funny things when the does are present.The bandage was wound around the wound.They were too close to the door to close it.To help with planting. 4.I did not object to the object. 10.The insurance was invalid for the invalid.How can I intimate this to my most intimate of friend? 20.The farm was used to produce produce.A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.He could lead if he could get the lead out 3. I shed a tear.How can I live under live wire? 23.Since there is no time like the present. 9. he thought it was time to present the present. 5.The soldier decided to desert in the desert. 18. 6.I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.The wind was too strong to wind the sail. . 19. 14.There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row. 17. 12. 15. the dove dove into the bushes.
10. 9. 2. We are simply interested in your opinion. (4) disagree.Everyone can learn to speak a foreign language. it will be difficult for them to speak correctly later on. 4. 11.BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING INVENTORY Below are beliefs that some people have about learning foreign languages. 8. Read each statement and then decide if you: (1) Strongly agree.Women are better than men at learning a foreign language. 1.I want to learn to speak English well. (5) strongly disagree. (3) neither agree nor disagree.English is: a) A very difficult language b) A difficult language c) A language of medium difficulty d) An easy language e) A very easy language 3. .If someone spent one hour a day learning a language.Learning a foreign language is different from learning other academic subjects.People who are good at mathematics or sciences are not good at learning a foreign language.It is easier for children than adults to learn a foreign language. 7. There are no right or wrong answers. 6. (2) agree.It is important to speak English with an excellent pronunciation 5.I believe that I will learn to speak English very well.If beginning students are permitted to make errors in English. how long would it take them to speak the language very well? a) Less than one year b) 1-2 years c) 3-5 years d) 5-10 years e) You can't learn a language in 1 hour a day.
treats students equally. listens to you. helps you when you're stuck. stands up for you. has faith in you. is forgiving. likes teaching the subject. makes allowances. allows you to have your say. keeps confidence. tells the truth. Accepts not knowing everything. cares about your opinion. . makes you feel clever. likes teaching students. doesn't give up on you. encourages you. is generous. takes time to explain things. tells you how you're doing. admits to being wrong.STUDENTS SAY A GREAT TEACHER…… is kind.
to be modified according to your particular setting that can help in creating a learning environment where disciplinary problems are kept to a minimum. notebooks. 7.Students must turn in homework on time.Class work must be completed in a specified way. Publisher . 6. 13.Students must take turns when speaking. Setting a set of expectations right from the start of the school year is the best way to create such an atmosphere. pens). 5. Adapted from: Essential Teaching Skills Chris Kyriacou Stanley Thornes. 10. 1. and not shout the answer. 12.CLASSROOM RULES In order to set up learning activities efficiently. To accomplish these goals.There should be no interference with the work of others.Students must come to class prepared (textbooks. lessons need to get off to a prompt start. 4. 8.There must be no disruptive noises.Students must not challenge the authority of the teacher.Students must raise their hands to answer questions. clear rules for entering.There should be specific.Respect must be shown for property and equipment. 11-Students must ask question when they don't understand something. leaving and moving in the classroom. students must be kept involved in the learning activities and transitions between activities must be handled smoothly. 9.There should be no talking while the teacher is talking.Teacher and students should be on time. the classroom atmosphere must be one where mutual respect and cooperation exist between the teacher and the students. 3. The following are a few suggestions. 2.
That's great Right on! You're really improving You're doing beautifully. You're doing fine! Good thinking. Keep up the good work. GREAT! I knew you could do it. You're doing that much better today. You haven't missed a thing! WOW! That's the way. You're learning a lot. You're really working hard today. That's much. THAT'S IT! Now you've figured it out. much better! Exactly right. You've just about got it. That's the way to do it. You're very good at that. Good going. PERFECT! That's better than ever. Much better. GOOD WORK! I'm happy to see you working like that. TERRIFIC! Nothing can stop you now. That's quite an improvement. Keep on trying. OUTSTANDING! FANTASTIC! TREMENDOUS! That's how to handle that. SUPER! That's right! That's good. You outdid yourself today! Good for you! That's a good (girl/boy). Now you've the hang of it. WONDERFUL! You must have been practicing. Keep working on it. Now that's what I call a fine job. You're doing a good job. AWESOME! Nice going. You've got down pat. That's the best you've ever done. That's better. SUPERB! Good remembering. You did that very well. You're really going to town. .99 WAYS TO SAY "VERY GOOD" You're on the right track now! You've got it made. You're You did it this time! That's the best ever. You've just mastered it. EXCELLENT! I've never seen anyone do it better. Congratulations! Not bad. That was first class work. That's coming along nicely. I'm proud of the way you worked today. SENSATIONAL! You've got your brain in gear today. FINE! Nice going.
You got it right. (person's name).careerlab. You really make my job fun.improving. I like that. Aren't you proud of yourself? One more time and you'll have it. You remembered! That's really nice. Now you have it! You are learning fast. look at you go. Way to go! Adapted from: www. That kind of work makes me happy. You certainly did well today. Good for you! Couldn't have done it better myself. You're getting better every day. Good job. MARVELOUS! I think you got it now. It's such a pleasure to teach when you work like that! I think you're doing the right thing. Keep it up! Congratulations. You did a lot of work today. That's the right way to do it. You figured that out fast. That's it. I'm very proud of you.com . Well.
BEING SOCIABLE. or keeping . and this is demanding. Some students may have emotional problems that make it difficult for them to adjust to and cope with the demands of school life and the academic demands of the classroom. or if the activity is too easy or is felt to lack relevance. Such students can become quite alienated from the academic expectations that form part of a positive classroom climate. Some students will lack confidence in themselves as learners and may experience frequent failure in the past that makes them reluctant to engage in academic tasks for fear of further failure (failure because you did not try is much less painful that failing if you did). EMOTIONAL DIFFICULTIES. If the activities are presented in a manner that fails to elicit and sustain their interest. POOR ATTITUDE. LOW ACADEMIC SELF-ESTEEM. Everyone finds that sustaining mental effort for long periods is difficult and. PROLONGUED MENTAL EFFORT. Students may be unable to do the work assigned to them. g. will switch off their effort. Students have a complex social life in schools. in which friendships are made. conflicts arises and interests are shared. either because it is too difficult or because they are unclear about the task demands. then students are likely to become bored. to the extent that the problems arise such as finding work boring or difficult. Moreover. unpleasant. Most academic work requires sustained mental effort. or because they are neglected at home. Some students may simply not value doing well in school and. such students may become attention seekers. at times.Causes of Students' Misbehavior BOREDOM. In many cases. students may resume a conversation started during the break period). some may try to avoid doing the work by arriving late to lessons. or if the activity lasts for too long and fails to be stimulating. INABILITY TO DO THE WORK. Aspects of these social relationships between students will often spill over into the lesson (e. and actually enjoy the attention they provoke from you or their fellow students for misbehaving. It may be because they are being bullied in school.
Adapted from: Essential Teaching Skills. LACK OF NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES. If the student misbehavior is not picked up quickly and discouraged by the consequences that follow. Chris Kyriaco Stanley Thormes. When challenged. Publisher . it is likely to become more frequent. but still do little. Whenever a student misbehaves.a low profile while doing little. your actions that follow in consequences must be aimed at getting the student involved in the work again as quickly as possible. Some students may deliberately make a nuisance of themselves simply to cause excitement. they may be apologetic or hostile. Furthermore. your behavior should serve to dissuade students from misbehaving in this way again under similar circumstances.
Call it the "hat of shame". another student can steal their ticket or the teacher can take it away. he/she has to wear the hat for the rest of the class period. If a student keeps his/her ticket for the entire class. Assign a self-evaluation form in which students rate their English and native language usage during the class to make them aware of it. Make or buy a ridiculous hat. Publicly praise student groups when you notice them speaking completely in English. Give students a raffle ticket when they enter the class. Tell the students that the doorway has magical powers-They can speak their native language "out there". He/she can only get rid of the hat if another student speaks the native language and then THAT person has to wear the hat of shame. it is common for students to speak their native language in class. It is an opportunity to really focus on their English as it might be difficult for them to do that outside of class.ENCOURAGING ENGLISH IN CLASS When teaching English as a foreign language. If a student speaks his/her native language. but only English is allowed inside the classroom. . If they speak their native language. the student can compete for a prize that can be awarded at the end of the semester. Remind students of their purpose for being in the class. This is a great way to get the students to police themselves instead of having the teacher police the entire class. Here are some ideas for getting your students to speak less in their native language and more in English in your classes.
That was a very kind deed. I feel so good inside when you work so nicely together. it's very hard. You are improving. etc. That's great.WORDS THAT ENCOURAGE Everybody makes mistakes. I get a very good feeling inside. I'm very proud to be your teacher. Failure is no crime. When you do nice things for each other. Please. Your help is really appreciated. Good work. (name of student)___________________ is really getting down to work. Your kindness is so refreshing. sign. That is really great. That is very nice work. draw. Keep up your good work. all day. It's so nice to know someone like you. . Your work is really improving. I know. Bravo! You got _______________________. I like the way you are listening. Right on. Thanks so very much. I'm glad that you decided to try. You are the kind who can do it. work. I appreciate your considerate behavior. You try it. It's marvelous to see everyone so alert. What a nice smile you have. What a neat idea. Mistakes do happen. You make that look really easy. I understand how you must feel. read your ideas to everyone. You can do it. Hard work does get results. Let's show the entire class your story. I could listen to you read. etc. I'm glad you're interested in _____(subject_________________________. Your handwriting is very neat. Nice going.
I like trying to speak English. I think English is useful. Sometimes I use English outside the classroom. How I like to learn English: Yes In groups Seeing new words Listening to CDs Reading books Doing and making things Hearing words Acting (role plays/drama) Doing exercises Practicing pronunciation alone Doing projects Writing Speaking in pairs or groups Listening to the teacher Taking tests Watching videos and answering questions No Maybe No . I think learning English can be fun. I expect to do well in my class this year. I liked my English teacher last year. I'm a good student of English. I enjoyed my classes last year. Choose "Yes" or "No" for each sentence.STUDENT'S SURVEY How I feel about learning English: Yes I want to learn English. I think English is easy.
h) Teach the rhythm. f) Present the first verse. k) Teach the melody. Use the songs as points of departure for teaching specific language structure. the lyrics. m) Present the melody phrase-by-phrase or line-by-line. While adult learners might be a bit shy about singing along. first verse. c) Speak. i) Present the chorus and first verse separately. and chorus.SING ME A SONG Including songs in your teaching repertoire can be a great technique to teach pronunciation and intonation in a fun way while at the same time improving listening skills. b) Present the lyrics on newsprint. that the singer's diction is clear and that the lyrics are engaging. j) Then. following the sequence: chorus. n) Sing the song. children are more than enthusiastic to join in. Use hand gestures to indicate relative pitches of the notes. g) Summarize. Choosing the appropriate song to present in the classroom can be quite challenging as we need to make sure that the song is neither too fast nor too slow. additional vocabulary and cultural information. Here are a few suggestions on how to present your choice of song: a) Have the students listen to the song once. l) Students listen to the song once more. from beginning to end. . in combination while tapping or clapping out the rhythm. d) Clarify vocabulary and check for comprehension. from beginning to end. don't sing. e) Present the chorus.
Start a class songbook. consider presenting just a few verses at a time so as not to overload the students. 1985 . Their list is then compared to the actual lyrics. 4. Adapted from: Teaching Teachers: A Supervisor's Handbook. 10-Students listen to the song a couple of times and write down any words they recognize.If a song is extremely long.Ask for interpretation of the lyrics: What do they tell us about us about the culture? What is the message? Sung to whom? 3.Variations: 1. 9.Simplify the lyrics.Further clarify vocabulary items. *Keep in mind that the lyrics for some songs are difficult to make out.Delete key words from the lyrics and have students fill in the gap while listening to the song a few times.Use visual aids to illustrate main points of the song. even for a native speaker.Pull out song phrases and construct structural exercises. 2. 5. 6. Ask for synonyms and antonyms.Change the subject or theme. 7. 8.
THE ALPHABET SONG A B C D E F G H I J K L You're adorable You're beautiful You're a cutie full of charm You're a darling You're exciting and You're a feather in my arms You're so good for me You're heavenly You're the one I idolize We are like Jack and Jill You're so kissable You're the love light of my eyes MNOP I could go on all day QRST Alphabetically speaking you're OK U V You make my life complete Means you're very sweet WXYZ It's fun to wander through the alphabet with you to tell you what you mean to me! .
ENERGIZERS AND OTHER GAMES The only reason to learn another language is to be able to communicate ideas in the target language. It is up to each teacher to decide when and how to use the activity but suggestions are provided for reinforcing particular grammatical or functional concepts. he/she is eliminated from the game. In the end. No amount of listening. reading and writing can substitute for the immense benefit the students derive from the actual manipulation of the language that takes place when the learning is made interactive through a variety of games and activities. While lectures. If a team member uses an adjective that someone has already used (keep a tally on the board) or can't think of one at all. no effort has been made to assign credit to anyone in particular. is still the best way to reinforce newly acquired knowledge. I LOVE MY LOVE (to practice adjectives) Divide the class into two teams of equal size and explain that you will choose a letter from the alphabet – for instance. the main idea is to provide the students with a chance to use the language while having some fun. the letter 'S". listening to CDs and even watching videos have a place in the scheme of learning a language. I love my love with an S because he is so sweet. You call the first student from team A to give her rendition. Given the fact that every school is different in terms of physical setup and resources and that we teach to multilevel classes composed of students with varying degrees of fluency. Each team member must think of an adjective beginning with the letter "S" to fit into the following line: I love my love with a(n) the letter because he (she) is so adjective. Numerous sources have been used in compiling this section and since authorship for many of them is disputed. drills. presenting the student with a situation in which to use what has just been learned. WARM-UPS. . no effort has been made to group or classify these activities. Peace Corps and VSO volunteers along with their trainers have been an invaluable source of ideas and modifications to make these activities suitable for the EFL classroom.ICEBREAKERS. then team B to give his and so on.
with everyone facing the two chairs. students read their compositions aloud to the rest of the class. a member of teams A and B standing a the head of their respective lines should quickly decide if it's true or false and run to the appropriate chair. FIRE DRILL Explain to the students that they are to pretend that a fire has suddenly broken out in the place they live. teacher. cultural knowledge. . such as "Pronouns can substitute for nouns" or "The capital of Turkey is Sofia". make as many labels as students in the class with a different job written on each label. best played outdoors. Place a label on each student's back. As soon as the statement is made. friend.WHAT DO I DO? OR WHAT IS MY JOB Before class. Then divide the class into two teams of equal size and have members of the team stand one behind the other on opposite sides of the room. which may or may not be true. select a list of questions from those provided on page _____ and ask the class for additional questions. you should set up two chairs close to each other in front of the class and label one chair "True" and the other "False". The person who sits squarely on the chair wins a point for his/her team. a writer. Write them on the board for assistance during the game. They may ask up to three questions. PERSONALITY Ask the students to take a few minutes to think about someone who has been very important in their lives (a parent. Circulate around the room helping students with vocabulary if necessary. but can view everyone else's. At the end.) Have the students write a paragraph (8-10 sentences) that explains how that person helped them and why he/she was important. Players are not allowed to see their own label. You should say the statement fairly rapidly and only once. They have five minutes to grab five of their belongings and rescue them. categories) For this lively game. Explain that you are going to make a statement. etc. The student must circulate around the room asking yes/no questions to find out what their job is. Which five things would they take? They must keep in mind that that they have to carry them all without any help. TRUE AND FALSE (to review parts of speech. a character in a book. Before the class. then they must move on to another student.
A student nominated from each group reads the new sentences aloud to the class. for example on the letter "k". They are given back to the groups at random. WITH WHOM. WHAT.Each student writes down up to five things he/she would rescue from the fire. then all the 2's and so on. other students listen to see if they have the same words. Deliver a sheet of paper to each group. Ten points are assigned to words not repeated by anyone else. Players add their points at the end and the one with the highest score wins. Next. B. all participants would try to find words that start with the letter "k" to fill the category chart such as Kathmandu for a place. C. 5X 5 is ideal but any other combination will work. If the stop takes place. . Encourage the other students to challenge the choice by asking questions such as: "Why wouldn't you take……? or "What about ……? STOP At the top of a page each student writes the following category names: name place action animal object Vegetable/ total fruit Someone starts saying the alphabet: A. Empty categories get zero points. WHO DID. Students read out their lists and explain why they would take these things. all the number 1's are shuffled. WHEN (to practice the 5 Ws) The class is divided into groups. Continue with the game as time allows. Have a student read his/her list. koala for animal and so on. Then someone interrupts the alphabetteller by shouting stop. They cut the paper into five parts and number them thus: who did 1 what 2 with whom 3 where 4 when 5 Students form a sentence that fits parts 1-5 such as: Pele danced with Madonna in Australia in 2001. The group with the funniest sentence wins. etc. WHERE.
" The students question each other to find out what each wants to do and not do. They then work out a timetable for the day. or each may be different. You will receive Rs. Both of you arrive at the bus park at 9:00 AM and have to be back by 9:00 PM. a boy and a girl. (to practice the conditional) Encourage your students to use their imagination and to think of things they would like to get or achieve in the future. 400 each.? BECAUSE…… (to practice asking and answering questions) Divide the class into two groups. Example: Why did you come to school today? Because there were no eggs at the bazaar.WHY………. Gather all the questions in one bag and the answers in another. and explains the situation: "You have to plan how to spend a day in Kathmandu with your partner. then I would go to Thailand. You should plan your day in such a way that you're both happy with it. Hand out pieces of paper to each student and have them write a question on one piece and its respective answer on a different slip. A DAY IN KATHMANDU(or city of your choice) The teacher divides the class into pairs. One student read a questions and the other read whatever answer comes from his bag.. Some possible objects: . but you have no other money. WHAT COULD YOU DO WITH IT? (to practice modals) The class is divided into groups and is supplied with an object. Decide what you would like to do. Place them on your desk and ask a member of each group to come to the front of the class and choose a slip of paper from each bag. There is motorbike. but objects should be rotated during the course of the session so that results can be compared. Any use is acceptable as long as it is physically feasible. The questions and answers can be serious or downright silly. Students report their plans to the class. THEN I WOULD………. The groups are to come up with as many imaginative uses for it as they can think of. which you can use. The combinations can be quite hilarious. All groups may have the same object. If I could take vacation now. Similarities and differences between individual suggestions are then highlighted. IF I COULD…………. It has a full tank of gas.
If any of the students forgets something or gets the sequence wrong. the use of "a" and "some".. measures. Give one strip from each category to each student and have him or her construct a sentence that is grammatically correct." The next student repeats that sentence and adds something new. The teacher or a student begins by saying: "My grandmother went to the market and she bought a kilo of tomatoes. If a player lacks the necessary strip(s) of paper. …. verbs and prepositions and write them on the board in columns. etc. This game practices weights. article adjective verb pronoun noun adverb preposition With the help of the students. the members of a team can help each other out." The next student continues by adding another item. he/she can exchange with other players until acceptable sentences can be made. Variation: Collect words from the students that would fit under the grammatical categories: articles. . pronouns. copy the collection of words into strips of paper and mix according to each category. MY GRANDMOTHER WENT TO THE MARKET AND SHE BOUGHT……."and a blue dress. i. nouns. adjectives. The group with the longest/most original list of uses wins a small prize.a pencil a hat a scarf a toothbrush an umbrella a knife a bottle a stone a cup a pair of tweezers a plate a box of matches a pillowcase a roll of toilet paper a ruler a lump of clay a paper clip a piece of string a nail a pair of gloves a key ring a piece of wood a shoebox a spoon a blanket Students write their suggestions on newsprint and display them around the room.e. he/she is out. The game can be played individually or in teams.
he/she is disqualified. they get a point. A new pair then comes to the front and the game continues. If the learners discover what it is in fewer than 20 questions. phrases. QUESTIONS. the other answers with another question and so on. professions. The team which answers the most questions in this way. Then each team takes turns questioning each other. wins. QUESTIONS. It is a lot more challenging that it sounds. verbs. Traditionally. the learner replies using one of the phrases above. famous people and where they live. The first student asks a question. TWENTY QUESTIONS (to practice yes/no questions) The teacher thinks of something and simply tells the learners whether it is "animal/vegetable/mineral or/abstract". Have a member of each team come to the front of the class.DON'T SAY "YES" OR "NO" This can be team competition. Put a number of questions to each team that must be answered without delay and without the use of either "yes" or "no". Explain to the class that the object of the game is to practice asking question using the correct format. QUESTIONS (to practice tag questions) This is an excellent game to practice asking questions. If a learner acts as a the teacher. you have an opportunity of helping the class by asking a few questions which narrow the range of possibilities. Toss a coin to decide who goes first. pets. the questions are put so that they can be answered by "yes" or "no". answers the question or cannot come up with another question. The teacher can limit the choices to everyday objects. If the student responding hesitates for too long. Ask tag questions to be answered using the following phrases: of course I'm sure indeed I'm afraid so of course not I've no idea not quite I'm afraid not obviously I've no clue not at all not exactly perhaps certainly I don't think so clearly The teacher asks tag questions. Divide the class into two teams. The learners can then put 20 questions to the teacher to discover what he/she is thinking of. .
The objects are placed on a long table. they remove them from the table. At the end of the period. Memory Game: Using similar items. clues can be given. shape and color of the objects before they are covered again. Students now pair up and compare their lists in order to come up with a new list. The students study the objects for three minutes. Allow 10 minutes for this. One student is chosen and he/she must think of a famous person (someone known to the entire class) and the other students must attempt to discover who it is by asking "yes" or "no" questions such as: Is it a woman? Is he a politician? Did she live in this century? Did he live in this country? Is she an entertainer? Is the person alive? If the class has too much difficulty in finding the identity. c) Put one of the objects in a paper sack. or bench. on the board. About five minutes are allowed for this. go over each item and if time allows. Each student then calls out one item from his list before the cover is lifted again. A limit of 15 questions should be imposed. The table is then covered and everyone jots down as many objects a she/he remembers. Ask the students if they can tell what is missing. Then.WHO AM I? The purpose of this game is to practice "yes" or "no" questions as well as to have students practice thinking in English. the students must pay attention to the size. As the students hear the names of the objects. list the names of the items in no specific order. place a number next to each one. This time. b) Show the objects a second time having removed a few items. so every student can see them. Variations: a) Make up a story using the names of the items. . KIM'S GAME (good for vocabulary review and also to practice units of measurements) The teacher gathers a collection of 15-20 disparate items (see list on page 415 for suggestions). The group can ask yes/no questions to try and guess what it is. include a description of the use of each item. Show the object to one of the students. Have the students match the name of the object on the blackboard to the number of the items on display.
who have two minutes to choose the correct preposition to complete their sentences by standing by the appropriate student. There should be at least three sentences for each preposition. Then prepare cards which bear incomplete sentences such as: a) b) c) d) e) I am afraid ____________ dogs. I'm bad ___________ tennis. in. Once completed. We're sad to hear __________ your illness. of. for. after. with. Students then draw a similar table according to the letters on their names. the teacher goes over the words as a way of reviewing vocabulary. to. Everyone should go ___________ their dream. NAME GAME: Write a table on the board with as many columns as there are letters in the name making sure none of the letters are repeated. each bearing one of the following prepositions: at. I agree ___________ you. Add four rows as follows: name job country food animal R realtor Russia radish rhino a artist Argentina avocado antelope m mechanic Mongolia mango monkey Request students' submissions to complete the table on the board. on. Pin the ten preposition cards above onto ten students. by. Students are not allowed to use any of the words provided as examples.THE PREPOSITION GAME: Prepare ten cards. and above. rehearse the following questions with your students with you posing as the guest: e) What is your name? f) What does your name mean? . MYSTERY GUEST: Invite someone to your class. Distribute the cards containing incomplete sentences to the rest of the class. The day before the guest comes in. preferably someone the students haven't met or seen before. This is great opportunity to make use of the resources in your community by inviting native speakers that live nearby or are passing through.
Then each student is asked to write three adjectives that characterize his/her state of mind. Allow about twenty minutes for the interview. The teacher. Thank the guest for his/her appearance and then proceed to review the answers with the class. With each set of adjectives the group speculates who wrote them. read out each paper one after another. THREE ADJECTIVES: On a piece of paper. Variation: This activity can also be used to assess the atmosphere in the group at any particular time. All the papers are collected. or a student.. PEOPLE WHO…. The student concerned should feel free to remain anonymous.g) Who were you named after? h) When is your birthday? i) What are your favorite things to do? j) What is your favorite season? k) What's the funniest thing you have ever done? l) Have you ever won a contest? m) What kinds of sports do you like to participate in? n) Do you have any pets? o) Do you play any instruments? p) What countries have you visited? q) What is your favorite holiday and why? r) Who is one of your favorite people? Students can contribute other questions they might think would be important to know about the guest. each student writes down three adjectives that he/she feels describe himself/herself. (expressing opinions) Tell students that they'll be asked to indicate what their opinion is in regard to people who: . Each question should only be asked once.
watch TV all day 7. Example: People who spit on public places should be fined. The person on the left of the leader asks: "What am doing?" The person on the right describes an activity using the present progressive. for example: "You are washing clothes. The student catching the ball says the next combination and throws to another student. as no repetitions should be allowed. Continue around the circle (or down the rows) until everyone has had a chance to act out an activity. who save a lot of money 6. WHAT AM I DOING? (To practice the present progressive) The students stand in a circle. drive too fast 10. NAME CALLING: (practice adjectives. . make rude comments to women 11. You might want to keep a tally of the adjectives on the blackboard. smoke on public buses 13." The person asking the question must then act out the activity. like to climb mountains 9. smoke in restaurants 3. The teacher starts the game by throwing the ball after having said his/her name and corresponding adjective. drink and drive 4. increases vocabulary The teacher brings a small ball into the classroom and asks each student to think for a minute of an adjective that begins with the same letter as his or her name. interrupt when someone is speaking. eat too much 8. Any adjective is acceptable except for colors. are cruel to animals 12. throw littler on the ground 2. break promises 5.1.
Divide the field into scaled down 10 meters markings. On each piece of paper write down some type of action code. The first student says. The students are in a circle or in their rows. "4". the ball is moved towards their goal. 2 CLAP (same skills as number 27) This game is more difficult than it sounds. COUNTING NUMBERS OR ABC'S (to practice listening skills. "MBVHI" stands for laugh. the fifth student says "5" and the next student claps. numbers and the letters of the alphabet) The group is asked to close their eyes. Ask students questions such as the irregular forms of verbs. Make a model from "cardboard" and tape it to the center of the field. Divide the class into two teams. antonyms. then anyone can say "2". You can make a code by having every letter of the alphabet stand for the letter that comes after it. the second student says "2". After the students have figured out their codes. For example. This game can also be played with the letters of the alphabet. followed by anyone saying "3". it is moved away from their goal. that side scores a point. .SOCCER: Draw a soccer field on the blackboard. The teacher or a designated student would be the one to decide if that needs to happen. Draw a goal at each end. If two people say the same number at the same time. Students may be asked questions individually or in groups. It is also a good strategy to review comprehension of stories. "1". If the students get the question correct. CANDY CODE: (to practice the alphabet) Buy some inexpensive hard candy. Wrap each in a piece of paper. You can use phrases as well as verbs. The same game can be played using the alphabet letters. the ball is placed back into the center of the field and play resumes. If they get wrong. 1. They are supposed to count from 1 to 30. synonyms. If it gets to the goal. The teacher starts the game by saying "1". and spelling of troublesome words. This game is a lot more fun than it sounds. the fourth student says. the must start over with "1". the third student claps. they must act out their phrases.
The book is on the bench. The book is above my head. "Reading a book". The book is in my hand. The book is below the table. i. synonyms. CHARADES: (a good TPR activity) This is a simplified form of charades. One member of each group comes to the front of the class and stands behind the teacher. The book is in front of me. or designated game leader. Xii. The book is between my fingers. The book is over the chair. ix..e. past and present forms of verbs. They will follow your commands: i. iv. The book is under the table. vi. etc. The book is next to me. xvii. xiv. The book is on my head.MATCHING TAGS: (good review activity) Make two sets of cards that match in some way. Have the students line up and race to the other side of the field to find their match. The book is inside the bag. x. The book is over my head. The book is behind me. Ask students to stand up and pick up a book. ii. xiii. The book is on top of the bag. Vii. v. If the person at the front can guess the activity. The book is beside me. xv. Xvi. Their team is shown an activity on a flash card and their team must act it out. The book is outside the bag. pictures and words. The class is divided into two groups. Give one set of cards to the students and scatter the other half at the other side of a field or spread out over a line. The team must act it out and the person at the front must say: "Reading a book" in order for the team to get a point. xi. their team earns a point. Xviii. PREPOSITIONS WITH TPR (TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE ): This is a wonderful warm up for elementary classes. The book is in the bag. iii. antonyms. Example: The flashcards indicates. . The book is between my hands. Viii.
Choose a long word and write it on both sides of the divided blackboard. 4. A student from each team comes to the board and gets ready to write a word called out by the teacher or another student.: Rice-mice-ice-twice. This game could be restricted to a particular part of speech or certain categories. rat. A member from each team is to write a word for each letter contained on the original word. has been printed. eat. No foreign words or proper names are allowed. for instance "Kathmandu". The students must come up with sufficient words that sound similar to the word given to fill up the newsprint. inexpensive fly swatters in the bazaar and bring them to class for this lively game. Tell the students they are to find as many words as possible that are contained within that word. 7.Swat It: Buy a pair of colorful. The group with the longest list wins a small prize. Many Nepali students are familiar with this game.Word Find: Divide the class into groups and hand each a piece of newsprint on which one long word. 1. post all newsprints and review with the students. 3. Ex. Tell the students that you'll read the definitions for the word on the board and the first one to recognize it. When the groups are done.WORD GAMES: This is a special category of games intended to increase vocabulary. Divide the board into two sections. Quick thinking is valued here.: apple. Have them select five words at random and write five new sentences using the words.Word Count: Divide the class into two teams. can swat it to get a point for his/her team. Have them read the sentences aloud to the class.Newspaper Articles: Give students a newspaper clipping. Whoever writes first and raises his/her hand upon finishing wins. Divide the class into two teams and bring a representative of each to the front of the class. 2.Word Run: Ask a student to come up with one word and then the next student picks up the last letter of that word and comes up with another word.Rhyming Game: Divide the class into groups and provide each with a piece of newsprint with only one word written on it in a corner. The group with the longest list wins a small prize. etc. 5-Speed Spell: Divide the class into two teams. etc. Select a category of vocabulary for review. Set up a time limit and at the end count all the letters but not the original one. elicit quick responses and promote fast thinking. Word must be spelled out correctly. Read the definition loudly and clearly once and stay away from the board! . 6. and write the words all over the board. let's say family relations. The student with the most letters wins. tiger. Ex.
10-Word Association: The teacher starts the game by a saying a word. more than three. At the. Representatives from each team take turns providing the required response and get a point for their team if it is correct. The one with the most wins. two letters. noncount nouns and adverbs of frequency) Draw a 3X3 grid on the board and fill each square with the words from the category you want your students to practice. Each tries to come up with as many words as possible in any one category. An X or an O goes over the grid if the answer is correct until all grids are full. Representatives from each group come up to board and write their words. in pairs or groups. nationalities and languages. the student is asked to explain it. and then we have to tell that many things about themselves. students write a list of words beginning with one letter. 11. Divide the class into two teams and assign them the letters O and X. In pairs or teams. then hands the roll of toilet paper to a student. write as many words as possible for a specified time limit. the students read their words and when one of them mentions the secret word the teacher shouts: "That's my word" and awards point to that pair/team. The students. three letters and so on. If the association is not obvious. Keep a tally on the side. let's say 10 minutes.Categories: Students divide into teams. After everybody in the class has some paper. but using different color chalk for each team member to circle the correct word. For instance: To practice the category of countries. Each student will then name the nationality and language for that country to get a point. 9.8. TIC TAC TOE: (to practice opposites.Circle the Right Word: With the same structure as above. The teacher tells the student to take some. The toilet paper is such an attention getter. food. 13-Scales or degrees: The teacher writes an adjective on the board and asks students to give him/her the other words in the scale that would indicate an increase or decrease in the meaning of that adjective. . room. service. in English. Each student in turn comes up with a word associated with hotel: bed. 12-Find the words within a word (by the number of letters): The teacher writes a long word on the board. such as "hotel". we could create a grid filled with the names of specific countries."That's my Word": The teacher selects a category or particular set of vocabulary for review and writes one word in a secret place. Example: frigid / freezing / cold / cool / warm / hot / boiling / scalding TOILET PAPER ICEBREAKER: Teacher takes the toilet paper roll and takes several squares of toilet paper. everyone counts the squares they have. etc.
animals. household goods. Show the students one card at time.). Usually this will differ greatly from the original sentence. 2. List the top 10 most important jobs from 1-10. List the top ten jobs that are the best paid from 1-10. Divide the class into groups. adjectives. Write down 15 occupation names on the board and the following instructions: 1. RANKING OCCUPATIONS: Brainstorm a list of occupations. Take a particular sentence and whisper it in the ear of the student A.Denmark Canada Israel Germany Brazil Ethiopia Spain South Africa Malaysia EAR-TO-EAR: (to practice listening skills) Students sit or stand in a circle. if the category is parts of the body. the teacher shows the letter "N". and define what they are. famous dead people. and chants the sentence aloud. The sentence is then passed along the circle by whispering. The final student is then asked to say the sentence aloud. celebrities. Write the category on the board that you want to review (fruit. etc. Divide the class in half. The student to be the first one to say nose gets a point for his/her team. Mix up the alphabet cards. It's important for them to talk about what they consider important first. Then they start a new round in a different direction. . THE ALPHABET GAME: I recommend that you create a set of alphabet cards and get them laminated. The class then works out where it went wrong. For instance. things in nature. A student from each team tries to be the first one to shout the word under that category. write them on the board.
3.Indicate which two occupations should get the most money in your group's opinion and why. A discussion should follow to illustrate that the person who does the most important job does not necessarily get the most money. YOU GUESS THEIR ADJECTIVES: Ask students to think of an adjective that describes the way they feel at the moment. They should not say their adjectives aloud. When everyone has an adjective in mind, the class is to stand up. Explain the rules: You'll call out some adjectives. If someone hears the adjective that they have applied to themselves, they should sit down. Start calling out adjectives, e. g.: happy, tired, sad, energetic, thirsty, full, sleepy, etc. Allow enough time between adjectives for people to think and, if appropriate, sit down. If at the end of your list there are students still standing up, they call out their adjectives and sit down. Family Relations: (To practice the names of family members) Write the names of different family members on individual flashcards. Give a card to each student. The game can be played individually or in teams. Tell the students you're going to read the definition for each card and they need to listen carefully in order to match the card they have in their hands to the definition. Variation: Write the flashcards and post them on the blackboard using double-sided tape. Divide the class into two teams and tell them you'll be reading the definitions for the different family members as a representative for each team stands in front of the board. The first one to recognize the relationship and grab it from the blackboard, wins a point for his/her team. SPELLING BEE: Divide the students into two teams. The teacher calls out a word, team members work together to reach an agreement on the correct spelling of the word, then show it to the teacher, who awards a point for each correct answer. The team with the most points at the end wins.
CAN YOU FIND WHAT'S DIFFERENT? Ask a volunteer to go out of the classroom. While the student is out of the room, the other students change their sweaters, shoes, coats and so on. Bring the student who went out of the classroom back inside. He/she has to guess the differences (speaking in English, of course.) BLACKBOARD RACE: Divide the board into two sections and write the names of animals with gapped letters, same list for both sides. Divide the class into teams and have a member of each team come to the board. Provide them with a piece of chalk and tell them that when you say "go", they must fill in the missing letters in the first word and then hand the chalk to the second person on their team, who then fills in the missing letters of the next word, and so on until a team finishes first. Review the words for spelling mistakes and add up the points for each correctly spelled out word. Extra points could be awarded to the team finishing first. a) b) c) d) e) f) g s - - - e (snake) w - - f (wolf) - - l (elk) t - - - r (tiger) l - - p - - d (leopard) – r – c – d – l- (crocodile) – ebr – (zebra)
CONCENTRATION: (to review vocabulary The teacher makes a "window chart" using poster board or "drawing paper". Cut 12 flaps on the front of two different colors of cardboard. Number the flaps from 1 to 12 on each piece of cardboard. Put a piece of newsprint behind the cardboard. Under one set of flaps put the names of objects, and under the other the words that describe those objects. Some possible matches are words and their definitions, antonyms and synonyms, etc. Divide the group into two teams. The sides take turns asking for the flaps to be opened, such as: "Give #1 pink and #5 yellow". If they get a match, their team earns a point. Variation: With smaller groups you can the students match a card with its mate such as verbs and their past participle, words and their definitions and so on. Each person gets
to turn over two cards. If they get a match, they get to keep the cards. The person with the most cards at the end wins the game. BINGO: This is an excellent activity to review vocabulary from any of the lists included in this resource book such as fruit, vegetables, languages, relatives or musical instruments. After teaching the appropriate unit, ask the students to draw 16 squares for elementary or 25 for intermediate level on a piece of paper and tell them to fill each square with a word from the specific category, i. e., fruit. Allow ten minutes for everyone to fill in the squares. Now call out a word at random from your master list. Make sure to cross out this word off your list as you announce it. When a student hears a word that appears on his paper, he should cross it out. As soon as he has four words (or five) up, down, across or diagonally, he shouts: "Bingo". Check to make sure the words crossed out are in your master list and spelled correctly. LIKES AND DISLIKES: (to practice expressing opinions) Ask the students to: List three things that you like and explain why. List three things you dislike and explain why. The teacher reads his/her lists first and then asks each student to read his/her list aloud. WHO IS THIS PERSON?: (to practice using adjectives) Obtain a collection of photos of individuals at close range with little or no distracting details in the background. Hand a photo to each student and have him/her create a portrait of the person in the photo. Details should include age, marital status, rich or poor, kind of job held, what the person seems to be thinking/feeling at the moment, place where he/she lives, family, hobbies, education, etc. CREATING A PICTURE FILE: Almost any presentation in the classroom can be enlivened by the use of pictures. Creating your own collection of pictures is a simple as keeping an eye open for interesting color photos appearing in the Kathmandu Post, Nepali Times or your Newsweek magazine. I have found that almost any publication
can contain colorful, intriguing pictures that can useful when trying to explain certain point of grammar or jog your students' imagination. Here's a list of suggestions for possible uses of your picture file: • • • • • • • • To illustrate action verbs. (present progressive, habitual present) To create stories based on the people and places on the photos. To introduce new vocabulary. To write a portrait. To have the students write short descriptions of what they see. To have the students write captions for the photos. To compare two photos using adjectives. To write predictions
WRITING ACTIVITY: Prepare a substitution table on the board with the following headings: A famous person a special occasion a place a particular topic
Explain to the students that they are going to write a short essay about an encounter with a famous person. Ask the students to come up with names for each column explaining that time and space are not a barrier for this exercise. As a result, students can propose famous people such as Einstein, going to Paris, celebrating Halloween and talking about astrophysics. Complete each column individually with as many submissions as there is room for. You might want to include a few of your own to make the mix more interesting. Now ask the students to pick a selection from each category and compose their essay based that information. SUBSTITUTION TABLE Substitution tables are great tools to drill students in the use of different structures. A substitution table can as simple as having students compose sentences with just three parts of speech. Here a sample substitution table to get beginning students to practice the verb "to be" in the simple present with a variety of subjects. Have students write as many combination sentences as possible utilizing all subjects and their corresponding adjectives.
Subject The house The old woman The books The tree The children The table The women
Verb is are
Adjective old blue green happy sad beautiful news
As the level of proficiency increases, it is possible to add additional columns to your table such as adverbs of manner (slowly/fast) or frequency (always/sometimes). Variation: Students can also practice asking questions in the correct format by providing them with a substitution table such as this one: Question word Auxiliary verb is are isn't aren't do does doesn't did didn't can't don't Subject God you the King foreigners she he we the girl people it everybody Predicate reading a book? wearing a dress? die? going to the market now? come to Nepal? watching TV? help me? go to the temple? like the winter season? happy? like to travel?
Ranking Personalities: Tell the students that you would like to know what traits/characteristics/ they like to see in the following categories of people: a boss, a friend, a teacher and a spouse (husband/wife). Discuss adjectives describing the characteristics, i. e.: charming, decisive, mature, independent, etc. Ask the students to add more traits to the list according to their own liking. Clarify the meaning of any adjective students are uncertain about. Divide the class into teams of four and assign a category to each. Ask each team to select the adjectives describing the personality traits they would like for each. At the end, each team reads their list aloud.
Blackboard Organizer:((This is a suggestion to keep you on track and to pace your lesson.) Select a portion of the blackboard (a quarter on the left side?) and write the date and the page number on the book that you'll be working on. Underneath, write the topics and/or skills the students will be working on that day. Occasionally, glance at the board to make sure you're following the order previously selected and to make sure you're covering all the topics designated for that lesson. If when the bell rings the lesson is not finished, you can cross out what was done and remind students of what they need to study/read for the following day. It is a great way to finish the lesson as it gives you a chance to recapitulate what was accomplished and what needs to be done the following day. What is my job? (A more interactive way to teach occupations) Write the names of several occupations, some familiar and some unknown to the students, on flashcards. Write the definitions for the occupations on another set of flashcards. Distribute one set to team A and the other to team B. Team A read the definition of a job and team A must identify the name. The team with the most matches wins the round. Have you ever ….? (Excellent activity to get students to practice irregular verbs and to distinguish between the Present Perfect vs. the Simple Past) Provide students of a list of activities and have each choose 3-5 of them. The students then circulate among their classmates trying to find out if anyone has performed such an activity. When the student finds someone, he/she needs to determine when was the last time the action was performed. Ex. Have you ever gone river rafting? If the answer is yes, then ask …. When was the last time you went river rafting? Where did you go? Who did you go with? How much did you pay? Did you have to bring your own equipment? And so on. Students report their findings to the class.
What is this? Here is a way to teach the correct order of adjectives. Select as many small household items as there are students in your class. For some ideas, check the list of items included in the "Kim's Game" page. I use an old-fashioned measuring tape and using the "Adjective Position" chart, I start by describing it as follows: It is an inexpensive, long, flat, red and white, plastic measuring tape. Best meal in the world: Students will write a short paragraph describing the best meal in the world they would have by listing the following details: Date: What are you celebrating? Who are you going to be with? The person can be dead or alive, famous or unknown. Place: Where is it taking place? City and country Season:
What kind of food? What What kind of music do type of restaurant? you want in the background? Other details?
Students should be told they have unlimited money for this meal and are free to travel anywhere in the world. What's in a name? This game is suitable for the first or second day of classes to get students familiar with their classmates and teacher as he/she models the activity. Write the following questions on the board, answer them about your own name and then have students interview each other before presenting their partner to the rest of the class. 1. What's your name? 2. Does your name have a special meaning? 3. Who chose your name? 4. Were you named after anybody else? 5. Do you have a nickname? 6. Do you have a diminutive? 7. Do you like your name? 8. If not, would you like to change it? 9. If so, what would you like to be called?
COMPOUND WORDS: A compound word is a new word made from two smaller words and the new word contains the meaning of both smaller parts. EX: bird+cage =birdcage room+ mate = roommate book +mark = bookmark
Using the list of compound words included in this booklet, make up individual cards with one half of each compound word. Distribute the cards to the students and have them make as many matches as they can. Write the matches on the board. Specific matches can be challenged and students can refer to the dictionary to confirm the validity of their matches. CATCH AND MATCH THE RIDDLE Divide the class into two groups: The QUESTION group and the ANSWER group. Give the questions to the first group and the answers to the other group. Each student in the first group is supposed to read the question he has aloud and whoever has the answer in the other group reads the answer aloud. If the question and the answer match, put the students in pairs. If they don't, continue till the right answer is found. Each student can read his part only twice. When all questions and answers are matched, ask the pairs to read the riddle they have just for fun. TALK SHOW: Select a different topic each week, and three students (called "guests", or "experts") are invited to the front of the class. The other students (the "audience") asks them questions. Thus it is more "interactive" than a debate, and it is also more realistic, since in everyday life answering questions is a more common experience that formal debating. NAME ALLITERATION: A FUN INTRODUCTORY GAME Use a small ball or stuffed animal to get this activity going. Students stand in a circle and are given one minute to think of an adjective that begins with the same letter as their first names. Thus, I start the game by introducing myself as "energetic Ercilia", and toss the ball to another student to continue. To make it more challenging, the students must repeat all the names and adjectives in the same order.
VERBALS(words based on verbs) Each word has a use or function also referred to as syntax.PREPOSITIONS (join words) 8.NOUNS(names for a person.(PARTS OF SPEECH) i.PREDICATE ADJECTIVE . SUBJECT 2. adjectives and other adverbs) 7. For example: These eight words have little meaning by themselves: the an air into boy arrow the shot but arranged into a sentence like this: article noun verb article noun preposition article noun The boy shot an_ arrow into the air subject verb direct object adverbial phrase they do make sense. a place. To understand the rules. OBJECT COMPLEMENT 7.. VERB 4. AUXILIARY VERB 5. These rules explain how to choose the form of words and how to join words into sentences.WHAT IS GRAMMAR? Grammar is a set of language rules that helps you talk and write so you make sense to others. we must know these two things about words: Each word has a name.INDIRECT OBJECT 6.PRONOUNS (in place of nouns) 3-VERBS (expresses an action or state of being) 4-ADJECTIVES (modify nouns) 5-ARTICLES (modify nouns) 6-ADVERBS (modify verbs. The function determines how the word is used in a sentence. 1.DIRECT OBJECT 3. 1. the "class" to which each word belongs.e.PREDICATE NOUN 9. a thing or an idea) 2. SUBJECT COMPLEMENT 8.CONJUNCTIONS (join words) 9-INTERJECTIONS (independent words or phrases that express emotions) 10.
PROPER nouns name specific persons. which the pronoun replaces. a quality or an activity. is called the ANTECEDENT.NOUNS are words that refer to names of persons.PRONOUNS are used instead of nouns and the noun. places.PLUS: TYPES OF PHRASES TYPES OF CLAUSES TYPES OF SENTENCES 1. things. There are four kinds of nouns: A-COMMON nouns name general persons. Kinds of pronouns: (a) Personal pronouns Subject Object Adjective Possessive (followed by a noun) my your his her its your their Possessive (not followed by a noun) mine yours his hers (not used) yours theirs Reflexive I you he she it you they me you him her it your them myself yourself himself herself itself yourselves themselves .COLLECTIVE nouns suggest many of one thing: troop herd class D-ABSTRACT nouns suggest different ideas: fear honor evil 2. places and things: boy city doll B. places and things: Uma Kathmandu Annapurna C.
John is president. ought to would and should (obligation) can could (potential) would might (possibility) may (permission) must (mandatory) do (assertion) will shall (future) be (continuous action) . COMPLEMENT They sent Alice a gift. (d) Interrogative pronouns: who. something. grow and forms of the verb TO BE are examples of this type of verbs. also called auxiliary or modals verbs: These verbs modify the main verb by showing a degree of emphasis. (e) Verbs that are helpers. somebody. and nothing. none. why. (INTRANSITIVE) Peter sang a solo. where and how. these and those. anybody. or are helpers. feel. There are three kinds of verbs: Verbs that show ACTION either visible (run) or invisible (think). OBJECT DIRECT They elected Harry president. The soup tastes good. nobody. that. any. when. no one. The flowers look nice. INDIRECT OBJECT (c) Some verbs can be EITHER transitive or intransitive: Peter sang.Other kinds of pronouns: (b) Demonstrative pronouns: this. what. (TRANSITIVE) (d)Verbs that show a state of "being" are sometimes called linking or copulative verbs: appear. whom. Action verbs can be: (a) Intransitive that completes a sentence by themselves: Peter slept. which. someone.3VERBS are words that show action. sound. (b) Transitive that needs a direct object to complete the sentence: Peter loves Mary. (c) Indefinite pronouns: all. being or becoming. some.
2. 5. -ed.Indicative (most commonly used) Lou sings slowly. command or condition)We insist Low sing slowly. e.Past walked chose 3-Past participle (have) walked (have) chosen "Regular" means that they add –d. (h) Each verb has six tenses that show the time the action takes place: 1-Present repeated or habitual action Lou sings.f) Perfect tense helpers are used with a main verb to indicate completed actions.Present indicative to walk (regular)to choose (irregular) 2. 3-Imperative (shows command)Sing slowly. main verb plus helpers) The boys should have been giving help.Past Perfect completed past Lou had sung.Past definite completed action Lou sang. Modal tense modal main helper verb (g) All forms of a particular verb come from three principal parts: 1. or . have has present perfect tense had past perfect tense will have future perfect tense Here is an example of a VERB PHRASE (i. (i) Also progressive forms = all the tenses of "to be" plus the main verb.Present Perfect indefinite completed past Lou has sung. PRESENT = is singing FUTURE = will be singing PAST PERFECT = had been singing PAST = was singing PRESENT PERFECT = have/has been singing FUTURE PERFECT = will have been singing other "FUTURE"= is about to sing/ is going to sing (j) Each verb has three moods: 1. . 4. 3-Future beyond the present Lou will sing.t to make past and past participle. 6.Future Perfect future as if completed Lou will have sung.. 2-Subjunctive (shows wish.
the. (note that only transitive verbs can be reversed) 4-ADJECTIVES modify nouns by changing the image made by the noun itself. In comparing the quality of nouns. much. adjective change by degrees. but not to describe them: a. There are eight kinds of adjectives: PROPER formed from a proper name: French Hindu West DEMONSTRATIVE answers which: this that these those DESCRIPTIVE answers what kind: big small red ugly QUANTITATIVE answers how many: one. considerable AS A NOUN used as a subject: The meek should inherit. Adjectives usually precede (come before) the noun. QUALITATIVE answers how much little. etc. To mean any: Use "a" before nouns beginning with consonants: a noise Use "an" before nouns beginning with vowels: an orange To mean a specific one use "the": the house .ARTICLES are used before nouns to distinguish. AS A PARTICIPLE (see verbals) climbing ivy. Passive The window was broken by Jim. an. two. ADJECTIVE (one item) One syllable Two or more syllables Irregular adjectives big industrious good COMPARATIVE (two items) bigger more industrious better SUPERLATIVE (three items or more) the biggest most industrious best NOTE: Some adjectives compare either way: happy happier happiest (or)happy more happy most happy 5. AS AN ADVERB used as an adverb of manner Drive slowly. some.(k) Each verb has two voices: Active Jim broke the window. few.
(A) Modifying verbs answer these questions: How? (by what manner)? quickly. (D)WHERE DO ADVERBS GO IN A SENTENCE? It depends on the type. never. Two or more syllable adverbs add "more" in the comparative degree and "most" in the superlative degree. How do you compare an adverb to show intensity or emphasis of quality? One syllable adverbs add "–er " in comparative degree and "-est" in the superlative degree. up He fell down_ suddenly yesterday. the baby cried. slowly. then.ADVERBS are words that modify verbs. 7.PREPOSITIONS are joining words that relate some word (object) to some other word: The boy with the hat remembers me. adjectives and other adverbs. The baby cried softly. fast When? (at what time)? now. Adverbs modifying adjectives and adverbs go before the word modified: The earth is nearly flat.6. The baby softly cried. today Where? (at what location)? here. (where) (how) (when) (B) Modifying adjectives answer this question: To what extent does a thing have some quality? She is truly beautiful (C) Modifying adverbs answer this question: To what extent does an adverb express a quality? He worked most swiftly. Adverbs of location go after the verb: The elevator went up. All other adverbs go: Before the sentence Before the verb After the verb Softly. there. . Remember: Some words such as "hard" and "fast" can be either adjectives or adverbs. down.
or) that join like parts: Words: Tom and Mary Phrases: In the sink or under the table Clauses: John shut the door but he left it unlocked. (2) Correlative conjunctions join like parts but come in pairs: Words: Phrases: Clauses: Not only Tom but his brother Both in the pantry and in the kitchen. There are four kinds of conjunctions: (1)Coordinating conjunctions (and. Whether we go or we stay Either we go or we stay Neither Tom nor Alice is here.). (3) Subordinate conjunctions are used to introduce adverbial clauses and link them to the main clause: TIME PLACE after when before whenever till while as until as for EXCEPTION although though if CAUSE where wherever RESULT because so since so that CONDITION as long as as though unless PURPOSE in order that so that provided COMPARISON as if than (4) Conjunctive adverbs are used to join main clauses and are preceded by a semicolon (.8-CONJUNCTIONS are also joining words that link parts of sentences. but.): accordingly then consequently furthermore thereafter whereas hence whereby however yet moreover also nevertheless otherwise . followed by a comma (.
Ouch! That hurt. (2)Gerunds add "-ing" to the infinitive form and are used as a noun. he felt better. There are four kinds of infinitives: (a) Active infinitive to eat (b) Active perfect to have eaten(c) Passive present to be eaten (d) Passive perfect to have been eaten Infinitives are as used as: NOUNS: To live was my goal. Seeing is believing.9-INTERJECTIONS are single words which express surprise or some other emotion. . ADVERBS: I attend school to learn. Hurrah! We won. I detest smoking. PREDICATE NOUN: My desire is to study. Oh! Ah! Oh good! Damn! What on earth? My God! Oh dear! What? Stop it! Ouch! Great! Well? Sorry! No! Yes! Yes? Hello! Hello? (Sigh) Welcome! Thank you! No. are not related to any other part of the sentence. ADJECTIVES: This is the way to cheer. thank you! Rubbish! Garbage! Thank goodness! Knock on wood! Good luck! Congratulations! Cheers! Bad luck! Goodbye! 10-VERBALS are words made from verbs. After crying. There are four verbals: (1) Infinitives are the basic form in which the verbs are expressed with the word to preceding the verb. SUBJECT: OBJECT: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: PREDICATE NOUN: Thinking produces results.
.Participles are forms of verbs used as adjectives relating to a noun or a pronoun. (b) An infinitive phrase is made up of an infinitive. My plan is to buy property now. having been elected." I need an instrument to open cans. The wind having now shifted. he soon came to the road. plus object (if any) plus modifiers and is always used as an adjective. There are four kinds: (a) A prepositional phrase is made up of preposition. I buy bonds to support my country. The army. but unrelated to any word in the sentence. Tom was proud.PHRASES are combinations of parts of speech that are not sentences. crushed and defeated. Tom finally made it to shore. 11. plus modifiers used as: SUBJECT: OBJECT: ADJECTIVE: ADVERB: PREDICATE NOUN: To love humanity without reservation is my goal. It serves as an adjective modifying the noun but coming after the noun: The girl with brown hair is Irish. the men lit the fire. It serves as an adverb.3. plus object (if any). (4) Nominative Absolutes are similar to participles. exhausted by the ordeal. lay exhausted. There are four kinds of participles: (a) Present smoking (b) Past smoked (c) Perfect having smoked (d) Passive perfect having been smoked Note location in use: Running. I love to dance the "Bossa Nova. (c)Participial phrase is made up of a participle. occurring in any part of the sentence: She drew the picture with great skill. Pushing weeds aside with his oars. its object and all modifiers.
This is an excellent idea for painting high ceilings. 12.(d) A gerund phrase is made up of a gerund.CLAUSES are combinations of parts of speech resembling sentences (because they contain verbs) but are not sentences because they cannot stand alone. George Smith. plus an object (if any). SUBJECT: OBJECT: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: PREDICATE NOUN: That I am older bother me. "whom" and "where" or "when" are used in the same manner as adjectives. (3) Adverbial clauses are introduced by any subordinate conjunction and are used in the same manner as adverbs. He dislikes speaking French. The boy who spoke to me revealed his name. "that". 1970 . predicate nouns or pronouns. They are located after the word modified such as nouns. who is my brother. The boy confessed the truth because he was honest. I know what I have to do. gerund. That is what I meant. "which". (2) Adjective or relative clauses introduced by "who". My idea of fun is shooting cans with a rifle. goes to high school. I know of what I speak. "whose". plus modifiers and is used as: SUBJECT: OBJECT: OBJECT OF PREPOSITION: PREDICATE NOUNS: Smoking cigarettes at any age is unhealthy. There are three kinds: (1) Noun clauses are clauses used where nouns would be. Adapted from: A Scriptographic Booklet.
her. place or thing all of the words telling what the subject does all of the words naming someone or something a word formed from two or more words two or more verbs that have the same subject two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction two or more simple subjects with the same predicate a word that joins other words helps a reader find the meaning of an unknown word a shortened form of two words makes a statement and ends with a period receives the action of the verb reference book(s) stretching of the truth expresses a strong feeling true information that can be checked shows an action that will happen in the future a Japanese verse form works with the main verb to add emphasis words spelled the same but with a different meaning words that sound alike but have different spelling and meaning gives command or makes requests expresses strong feelings or emotions does not form the past or past participle by adding -ed connects the subject and the predicate most important word in the predicate compares two things by saying one thing is the other names a person. you. us and them what someone thinks is true a way of organizing details organizes information into main ideas a group of sentences that tell about one main idea tells how one thing is like another .A WORLD OF LANGUAGE: A GLOSSARY OF TERMS Abbreviation Action verb Adjective Adverb Anecdote Antonyms Apostrophe Base word Character Common noun Complete predicate Complete subject Compound word Compound predicate Compound sentence Compound subject Conjunction Context clue Contraction Declarative sentence Direct object Encyclopedia Exaggeration Exclamatory sentence Fact Future tense Haiku Helping verb Homograph Homophones Imperative sentence Interjection Irregular verb Linking verb Main verb Metaphor Noun Object of the preposition Object pronoun Opinion Order of importance Outline Paragraph Paragraph of comparison the shortened form of a word a word that shows action a word that describes a noun or pronoun describes a verb. thing or idea noun or pronoun followed by a preposition me. a place. it. animal or creature in a story general name of a person. him. an adjective or another adverb a short story about someone words that have the opposite meaning shows where a letter or letters are missing the simplest form of a word a person.
place or thing the stage when writers share their writing with others show the exact words of a speaker the repeating of a word or a phrase words that are not necessary to understand the meaning the stage when writers make changes two or more sentences not separated by punctuation or a connecting word to read a text superficially while looking for specific information a group of words that expresses a complete thought time and place of a story uses the words "like" and "as" to compare two things main word or words in the complete predicate the main word in the subject part of a sentence names one person. thing or idea to read a text quickly just to get an idea of its general content I. she. we and they word part added at the end of a word develops the main idea in a paragraph words with a similar meaning shows time of the action gives synonyms or related words the main idea in a paragraph word that shows action or state of being stage in which writers put their ideas on paper Adapted from: www.com . it. you.quia. he. place or thing shows ownership follows a linking verb and describes the subject word part added at the beginning of a word relates the noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence action that happens now a stage in which students gather ideas before writing when a writer looks for mistakes names a particular person. place.Paragraph of contrast Part of speech Past tense Persuasive paragraph Plot Plural noun Possessive noun Predicate adjective Prefix Preposition Present tense Prewriting Proofreading Proper noun Publishing Quotation marks Repetition Redundancy Revising Run-on-sentence Scanning Sentence Setting Simile Simple predicate Simple subject Singular noun Skimming Subject pronoun Suffix Supporting sentence Synonyms Tense Thesaurus Topic sentence Verb Writing tells how one thing is different from another tells how a word is used in a sentence shows action that already happened gives a writer's opinion and reasons of support series of event in a story in the order in which they happen more than one person.
Object A word that comes after a transitive verb or a preposition. Love is a very strong emotion. subject predicate . The mayor is highly capable. Johnson walked to the park. The teacher gave an assignment to the students. Jim bought a new car. Predicate The part of the sentence that shows what the subject does. The definite article is the. She is either from Chicago or New York. place.PARTS OF SPEECH Adjective A word that describes a noun or a state of being. Sue is a very smart girl. Jane went to the movies. Sandra likes to eat sandwiches for lunch. Article Articles are placed in front of singular nouns. an adjective or another adverb. but I didn't. The skirt and blouse are yellow. Mr. or clauses. Jillian is eating a piece of cake. The indefinite articles are a and an. thing or idea. Conjunction A word that connects words. The secretary types quickly. Adverb A word that describes a verb. My mother baked a cake for my birthday. I left my jacket in the house. phrases. I'm hungry. Noun A noun is a word that names a person.
Punctuation Punctuation marks include the period (. behind. under. in. The book is on the table. between. Tense show when the action happened. She walked to school yesterday. near. She is walking to school now. subject predicate Preposition A word that can show location. The milk is in the refrigerator. question mark (?) and the exclamation point (!). over.). Some common prepositions are around. at. She is going to walk to school.). Tense A verb has tense. with. She will go to school next month. from. She was walking to school when she saw her friend. It was difficult.My neighbor's dog buried a bone in the yard. to. time and direction. My science teacher gave us a homework assignment. comma (. Simple past: Past progressive: Future: She walks to school every day. Simple present : Present progressive. on. . Subject The subject of a sentence tells who or what the sentence is about.
Placing a comma between subject and predicate. Just between you and I. 19. 13. 7.Funny Grammar Rules 1. . Never use a preposition to end a sentence with. Hopefully. also a sentence should. 22. 25. In letters compositions reports and things like that we use commas to keep a string of items apart. 20. Excessive use of exclamation points can be disastrous!!!!!!!!! 5. case is important. Never use that totally cool. And don't start a sentence with a conjunction. Don't use question marks inappropriately? 4. 17. Proofread carefully to see if you any words out. begin with a capital and end with a period 18. Don't use commas. About sentence fragments. Each pronoun agrees with their antecedent. Be more or less specific. irregardless of how others use them. It's better not to unnecessarily split an infinitive. out-of-date slang. that aren't necessary. 14. or say again what you have said before. 24. 9 Don't repeat yourself. radically groovy. Don't write a run-on sentence you've got to punctuate it. Its important to use apostrophe's right. 3. Don't use abbrev. 11. 26. A writer mustn't shift your point of view. is not correct. Profanity sucks. 23. 6. Verbs has to agree with their subjects. 21. 10. Don't use no double negatives. 12. 16. 27. you will use words correctly. Avoid clichés like the plague. 2. 8. Only Proper Nouns should be capitalized. Note: People just can't stomach too much use of the colon. 15.
The car looks expensive. ADJECTIVE ORDER CHART Opinion pretty tiny long medium little strong tasty noisy 4-yearold young square blue American Italian white Siamese Size Age antique round yellow blonde checker cardboard doll Shape Color Nationality Material Purpose Noun German gold racing car mirror flowers hair board house food cat expensive small baseball player . Asian. tall. The Students seem intelligent. ancient. Age: young. etc. short. tiny. etc. purple. etc. enormous. square. Material: woolen.ADJECTIVE POSITION 1) Adjectives can be used before a noun: He's an old soldier. green. ugly. rectangular. etc. Nationality: French. Color: red. etc. That's an expensive car. huge. American. They're intelligent students. Shape: round. etc. fast. racing car. boring. etc. interesting. etc. black. old. historic. Size: small. metallic. Purpose or Qualifier: foldout sofa. big. new. easy. Adjective Order: The adjectives in the table below follow this order: Opinion or Observation: beautiful. plastic. 2) Adjectives can be used after a linking verb: The soldier is old. glass. fishing boat.
My neighbors have a noisy 4-year-old Siamese cat. 6. We went out for some tasty Italian food. My sister just bought a Victorian-era three-story house. The woman found a pretty antique gold mirror at the flea market. 9. They played on a medium square checker board. 2. 7. . The hat had some tiny round yellow flowers. She had long blonde hair. They drove an expensive small German car. The team was proud of its strong young American baseball player. 8.Some examples: 1. 10. 4. The girl played with a little blue cardboard doll house. 3. 5.
double the last consonant.add -r to one-syllable adjectives that end in -e: nice nicer close closer fine finer To weaken an adjective: put not as before the adjective Not as cheap as Not as clean as Not as near as put not as before the adjective Not as nice as not as close as not as fine as 3.add -er to a one-syllable adjective: cheap cheaper clean cleaner near nearer 2. then add put not as before the adjective -er to one-syllable adjectives that end in a consonant +vowel l+ consonant: big bigger thin thinner fat fatter not as big as not as thin as not as fat as 4. To strengthen an adjective: 1.drop the y and add -ier to two-syllable put not as before the adjective adjectives that end in y: happy happier crazy crazier lovely lovelier not as happy as not as crazy as not as lovely as 5.COMPARING DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES Adjectives change to show differences in nouns.add -er to the following two-syllable put not as before the adjective adjectives: able abler cruel crueler narrow narrower Not as able as Not as cruel as Not as narrow as .
6-place the word more before other use not as or less before the adjectives two or more syllable adjectives. capable more capable careful more careful common more common not as capable as/less capable not as careful as/less careful not as common as/less common 7-Use the irregular form for the following adjectives: bad worse far farther (in distance) far further (in depth) not as bad as not as far as not as far as good better little less many more not as good as not as much as not as many as .
cruel. more and most are used. angry. more and most are used with long adjectives. quiet. common. Good and bad have irregular comparative and superlative clever Cleverer More clever gentle gentler more gentle friendly friendlier more friendly Adjectives with three or more syllables Irregular adjectives -Ly adverbs the cleverest The most clever The gentlest the most gentle the friendliest the most friendly important more important the most important fascinating more fascinating the most fascinating Good better bad worse the best the worst Carefully more carefully the most carefully More and most are used with adverbs that end in -ly. polite. -er/ -est are used with two-syllable adjectives that end in -y. earliest. clever.* fast faster the fastest The -er and -est forms are used with onesyllable adverbs. . The -y is changed to -i. ** Both further and farther are used to compare distances. Forms: earlier. narrow. pleasant. One-syllable adverbs Irregular adverbs well badly better worse the best the worst *Exception: early is both and adjective and an adverb.COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS COMPARATIVE One-syllable adjective Two-syllable adjectives old older wise wiser famous More famous wise wiser Busy busier pretty prettier the oldest the wisest The most famous the wisest the busiest the prettiest SUPERLATIVE For most one-syllable adjectives. -er and -est are added. friendly. sour. for most two-syllable adjectives. Some two-syllable adjectives use -er/-est or more/most: able. simple.
gradually) __________________. Bobby is _________________ of all. 3. Write in the correct form of the adjective light or heavy: Bob weighs fifty pounds. e. 5. Your shoes are _________________ mine.You have an (easy) ______________ assignment than I. 10. c.00. John is __________________ of all.This hat is (elegant) _____________ of all. 7-Her dishes are (same) __________ mine 8-Her furniture is (different) _________ mine. 6. 9-The weather is getting (warm. a. Jane's shoes are _________________ of all. 2-Those are (nice) ___________ houses in the neighborhood.00. . My shoes are ___________________ of all.She is a (good) _________ player than her sister. ghijkBobby is ________________ Jimmy. My shoes are __________________ yours.The weather is much (hot) ________ than last month's. Jimmy is ________________ Billy. f. Bob's shoes cost $30. John is __________________ Jimmy. Jane's shoes are _________________ ours.00. d. Bob's shoes are _________________ yours. Jane's shoes cost $60.That movie is (bad) _________than the one we saw last week. Provide the correct form of the adjective cheap or expensive: My shoes cost $20 dollars. b. Jimmy weighs fifty-five pounds and John weighs sixty pounds.COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE QUIZ Provide the correct adjective form in each sentence 1. 4-Your teacher is (patient) ___________ than mine. Billy weighs fifty-five pounds. Your shoes cost $30.
and lovely because they are always used with the verb to be. The city (quick/quickly) rebuilt it stone by stone. Miriam seemed more (uncomfortable/uncomfortably) than relaxed. The young girl sings (amazing/amazingly) well for someone her age. Although Beth speaks (soft/softly) and seems quite (timid/timidly). look. own. early. Nicole grew (tired/tiredly) from the hours of overtime at work. We (gradual/gradually) noticed the change in Diane. The people in the streets stood (silent/silently) waiting for the sun to return. mean. doubt. The entrance examination is (extreme/extremely) challenging. not action related): be. think. The medieval cathedral was (tragic/tragically) burnt down last year. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Jack spoke (confident/confidently) to the audience. fast.ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS/LINKING VERBS Adjectives are used to describe: people. know. He knew he had (good/well) chance of winning the election. silly. smell. friendly. She became (quiet/quietly) and withdrawn from her family. Melanie (quick/quickly) ate her lunch. I have been very (patient/patiently) up to this point. Adjectives are used with linking verbs (descriptive. appear. taste. hard. resemble. humid weather made it difficult to enjoy the tropical beach. Adverbs are used to describe: a verb (the action) other adjectives other adverbs Some adjectives do not change when used as adverbs: lonely. don't underestimate her. The (hot/hotly). This airline's (complete/completely) lack of organization is outstanding. Sophie speaks Thai (fluent/fluently) and knows the culture very (good/well). Exercises: Circle the correct choice. understand. seem. places and things. believe. The skies became surprisingly (dark/darkly) in just a few minutes. hear. . late. She knew the meeting was (important/importantly) and didn't want to be late. sound feel. Very few people make it into the (prestigious/prestigiously) medical school.
9.I read a (shocking/shocked) report on torture. . 14.I feel (boring/bored). Santiago was (depressing/depressed) by his surroundings. Mariela's classes are boring. 3. Let's do something. I think that they are (fascinating/fascinated). It's (boring/bored). 15-The speaker was (distracting/distracted) by the protest outside the hall.DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN –ED VERSUS –ING The past participle (-ed) and the continuous participle (-ing) can be used as adjectives. 5.I don't understand these directions. 2.Insects fascinate me.It was an (embarrassing/embarrassed) situation for everyone involved.Marine biology is an (interesting/interested) subject. 4. She is terrified of heights.Have you heard the latest news? It's really (exciting/excited). Mariela is bored by her classes. She finds heights terrifying. 7. amazing / amazed annoying/annoyed charming / charmed confusing / confused Distracting / distracted embarrassing/ embarrassed encouraging / encouraged exasperating / exasperated frightening / frightened frustrating / frustrated fulfilling / fulfilled infuriating / infuriated intriguing / intrigued irritating / irritated motivating / motivated pleasing / pleased relaxing / relaxing satisfying / satisfied shocking / shocked tiring / tired touching / touched depressing / depressed exhausting / exhausted Disappointing /disappointing disgusting / disgusted exhilarating / exhilarated fascinating / fascinated liberating / liberated Select the appropriate adjective between those located within the parenthesis. The following is a partial list of adjectives that end in –ed and –ing participles.Mrs. 11. The continuous participle –ing describes the cause of the feeling and has an active meaning: Indian art is interesting. 8. 1.I heard some (interesting/interested) news on the radio. I'm very (confusing/confused).The children found the circus (exciting/excited).Don't bother to read the book. 10. The past participle –ed describes how a person feels and has a passive meaning: I'm interested in art. 6-I was (embarrassed/embarrassing) by his attitude. 12. 13-Rose was (moving/moved) by the woman's generosity.The announcement was quite a (surprising/surprised) turn of events.
It is the funniest of all. place the least before the adjective: the least funny the least polite the least important To express superlatives. Fred is the most handsome actor in the play. use the following patterns: He is the tallest of the three boys. He is the most handsome of all. That is the funniest movie I have ever seen. He is the tallest of all.SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES A superlative adjective distinguishes one noun from three or more. . and add -st instead of -r: the slowest the nicest the funniest 1 add the most instead of more before the adjective: the most important the most wonderful the most expensive 1 use the irregular form for the following adjectives: good bad far farther many little the best the worst the farthest (in distance) furthest (in depth) the most the least To make a superlative negative. To make an adjective superlative: 1 Place the before the adjective.
Clinton's house. .Winters in California aren't ______________ those in New Jersey. but it is even ____________________________ to go with your parents. (smart) (-) 13. Pay special attention to the symbols: (+) and (-) comparative cases.Jan's notebook is ___________________________ mine. (clean) (+) 4. . .It looks like Jack is ____________________________ to receive an award.The redwood is __________________________ tree I've ever seen.My house looks___________________________________ Mrs. . .My jacket is ______________________________________ yours. (good) (=) 8. (meaningful) (-) 9. (expensive) (-) 2. Please. . (=) equal degree of comparison. She is ______________________________ painter in town. (tall) (++) 14.Some animals are ____________________________________ than others. (--) and (++) superlative cases. .COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE QUIZ DIRECTIONS: Supply the appropriate forms of comparisons for the adjectives in parenthesis.Joseph is ________________________________________ Ana. notice that more than one word may be needed.Lectures are _________________________________ hands-on experiments. (bad) (+) 6. (creative) (++) 5.A chicken isn't ___________________________ a pig. (cold) (-) 15.It is really bad to go to the movies with your younger brother. 1. (qualified)(--) 7.We really like to buy Valerie's paintings. A horse runs________________________________ a mule. (thick) (+) 12. . (intelligent)(=) 3. . (strong) (=) . (dangerous) (+) 10. (fast) (+) 11.Your project is ____________________________ as mine.This string is _____________________________ twine.
Joe doesn't see well without his glasses. Correct: I hear a bird (right now). I am thinking about grammar right now. Stative verbs deal with states of mind rather than actions. it is not used in the present progressive. but I don't agree with you. I see what you mean. it can be used in the present progressive. When think expresses thoughts that going through a person's mind. When have expresses possession. Incorrect: I'm hearing a bird (right now). tenses. Some verbs are not used in progressive b) I'm hungry. Tom has a car. . In certain idiomatic expressions. I'm having a good time. thus expressing a stable state. It is singing. it is not use in the present progressive. it is non-progressive.NONPROGRESSIVE. it can be progressive. I want a sandwich. have can be used in the present progressive. When think means believe. c) This book belongs to Mikhail. Did you know that Boris is seeing Natasha? When see is used to indicate involvement. NON-CONTINUOUS OR STATIVE VERBS a) I hear a bird. They can be subdivided into five basic groups: LINKING adore appreciate care desire detest dislike envy hate like love mind miss prefer want wish SENSES appear hear* look perceive resemble see* seem smell* sound taste* POSSESSION belong have* lack own possess MENTAL PROCESSES believe doubt fear feel* forgive forget guess imagine intend know realize recall recognize regard remember* suppose think* understand STATE OF BEING astonish be contain concern cost depend entail equal exist fit* matter measure* mean need owe tend weigh* *Sometimes these verbs are used in the progressive tenses: Compare: I think that grammar is easy. When see is used to indicate involuntary use of the eyes or understanding.
Do not involve actions. 4. Other people can see that Andrew appears/is appearing upset because he .STATIVE or LINKING VERBS: An Exercise • • • • • Stative verbs refer to states of being: Are conditions or situations that exist. The verbs below reflect a "state of being" and cannot be progressive: Look/seem/appear/resemble/become/act/get Hear /see/sound/taste/feel/know/believe/think Recognize/remember/want/need/love/ Hate/appreciate/like/have/belong/possess Surprise/impress/astonish/amaze Measure/weigh/reach/cost Select the appropriate form of the verb to indicate a stative or progressive meaning. Are followed by adjectives. 1. but with different meanings. His head feels light and his hands become/are becoming sweaty. 2. Andrew gets/is getting nervous whenever he takes a test. Note: Some verbs may have stative and active forms. Cannot be progressive. 3 He worries that the teacher looks/is looking at him. Stative verbs don't use the progressive form.
This milk isn't tasting/doesn't taste fresh. The Monster. 9.My sister told the caller: "Please call back later. He seems/is seeming to have a natural gift for comedy. 15.The street person asked: Do/are you have/ having any spare change?" 19. We have/are having dinner.The officer asked: "Are you OK? "No".They need/are needing encouragement to complete their goal successfully.Some people hate/are hating having to exercise. 5. "I think I'm having/have a baby!" . I am not hearing/don't hear anything. Alberto Benigni is a very funny Italian actor.This afternoon."How is your cold today?" "You sound/are sounding a lot better today. I said.The policeman asked: "Do you have/are having a valid Florida driver's license? 18. Every time he thinks of his mother's cooking.They are feeling/feel tired after a long day of work and don't want/aren't wanting to exercise.is acting/acts jumpy. 10. 14. 8. 13. He appears/is appearing in a movie called "Il Monstro"." 17. 7."When do we have/are we having our next quiz? I asked. he is feeling/feels homesick. 20. 12. 16. they'll lose weight. "What is that sound?" "I don't know. 6. 11.Americans are believing/believe that if they cut down on calories. I am seeing/see the doctor about my skin problem.
11. 4. chains of mountains.An is used in front of nouns that begin with a vowel sound (an apple.S. Before nouns of which there is only one: the moon. Rita is in the kitchen. The definite article is also used: 1.Before superlatives and first. an idea). 2. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. the Bagmati River. The Pacific Ocean.GUIDELINES FOR USING ARTICLES USING THE INDEFINITE ARTICLES A/AN: A speaker uses a/an with a singular noun when she/he is making a generalization. third. 6. Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause. USING THE DEFINITE ARTICLE THE: A speaker uses the when the speaker and the listener are thinking about the same specific thing(s) or person(s). The old and the young should be able to live together. .Before names of seas. the Himalayas. (Meaning all horses) The elephant never forgets. The man in the black suit The room where I saw her. an elephant. The wedding at the Blue Star hotel. Before a noun which represent only one thing. the U. I saw a dog in my yard.Before an adjective used to represent a class of persons. groups of islands. second. a dog. Please close the door. please. the evening. The luncheon given in honor of the Prime Minister. rivers and the plural names of countries. 8. when speaking about something that is not specific. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.Before singular nouns used to represent a class: The horse is strong. the piano. Before a special meal given to celebrate something or in someone's honor. 10. the afternoon. the British Isles. Before nouns used a second time: Rita told us a story. Before musical instruments: the flute. etc. 5. An elephant ride is exciting. the guitar. The third chapter was the most interesting. 9. I need a pencil. a pencil). That's an excellent idea. etc. A is used in front of nouns that begin with a consonant sound (a book. etc. A dog makes a good pet. Mary is in the kitchen. the earth. The sun is shining brightly. Pass the book.Before parts of the day: The morning. The story was very good. 3.A. (Meaning all elephants) 7.
1. We want to invite _____________ neighbors to our party. Use the before singular or plural count nouns and before non-count nouns: the neighbor the neighbors the water Exercise: Put the definite article the before nouns that refer to specific people or things. 4. The library is open today. 6. I like ____________ sugar in my tea. The child was my son. (the coffee in this restaurant) 2. 2. (the library in our college) The coffee is good. ________ bicycles outside are not ours. 10. The moon is in a crescent tonight. I met __________ students from our class. ___________ weather today is very cold. 7. Use the definite article the when the speaker and the listener know which person or thing they are talking about because: a) The person or thing was mentioned before. He is ___________ king of Morocco. Use the definite article when you are talking about something unique. I took a picture of a child. 8. __________ city streets usually have sidewalks. The Amazon is a river in South America. . People like to sit on _________ park benches. They want to paint _________ fence white.USING DEFINITE ARTICLE "THE" The definite article is used for specific references. 5. 3. the university of Toronto the best show in town the movie that you saw last night c) The speakers share the same context or knowledge. __________ moon will be full tonight. Use the definite article if you can answer the question "which?" 1. 9. Capitalize when necessary. Put a 0 sign before nouns that are general. b) The person or thing is specified by a phrase.
________ book on ________ table is mine. This is _________ front of _________ house. Honesty is _________ best policy. There is ________ fly in _______ milk. 8. Is Suman _________ graduate student? Doctors are concerned about __________ health of their patients. 25. 18. 15. Did you have fun at _________ party last night? I bought _________ table yesterday. 14. 6. an or the. Is Mr. 23. Did you feed ____________ the cat? Krishna is in ___________ kitchen peeling potatoes. 19. 16. Let's cross __________ street here. 22. He's working at _____________ restaurant. 10.ARTICLES EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article: a. 12. 11. . 2. 13. 20. He buys _________ newspaper every day. She knows nothing about __________ robbery. 21. Professor Erickson is _________ Christian. ________ little knowledge is dangerous. Shresta _____________ professor? We live on _________ quiet street on the suburbs. 1. 3. 17. _________ boys are afraid of __________ dark. Did Dinesh find __________ job yet? _________ flowers in that vase are beautiful. 24. T Do you have ________________ bicycle for rent? Do you need __________ bicycle today? I went to ____________ party last week. 7. 9. 5. I need ________ flour and ________ clean plate. 4.
good. Bob arrived last Monday.The names of courses 7. I saw Doctor Wilson. The names of places: city state/province country continent ocean lake river desert mountain school business street. park. (e) He lives in Chicago. It was very not a small letter. I go to the University of Texas. . Tibet is in Asia. zoo 6.CAPITALIZATION RULES CAPITALIZE: 1.The names of people Capitalize: use a big letter. He lives on Grand Avenue We have class in Ritter Hall. The pronoun "I" (i) Yesterday I fell off my bicycle. The Nile River flows north. building. (g) She speaks Spanish. Chicago is on Lake Michigan. The Sahara Desert is in Africa. Compare: I go to a university. fall/autumn. winter Compare: She lives in a city. holidays (d) I was born in April. Words that refer to the names of nations. I'm taking Psychology 101 this semester. I go to the University of Florida. We visited the Rocky Mountains. summer.) Alston? 4. They crossed the Yellow River. Compare: I'm reading a book about psychology. (a) We saw a movie last night. She was born in California. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean.The names of languages and nationalities. It snowed on Thanksgiving Day. Note: Seasons are not capitalized: spring. 9. We discussed Japanese customs. We went to Central Park. (b) I met George Adam yesterday. They are from Mexico. The pronoun "I" is always capitalized. days. We went jogging in Forest Park. Compare: They crossed a river. The Bronx Zoo is renown for its collection of (f) I'm taking Chemistry 101 this term.Months. She lives in New York City.Titles used with the names (c) I saw Doctor (Dr. Compare: We went to a park.The first word in a sentence 2. of people Do you know Professor (Prof. nationalities and languages are always capitalized.) Smith. 3. Compare: I saw a doctor. etc. I work for the General Electric Company.
i'm taking modern european history 101 this semester. 9. 10. 4. please introduce me to dr smith.othello. 3. our math teacher.ram is flying to Singapore on rnac after the dashain festival. Also add a period. 13. 7.i'm taking a history course this semester. when they are needed.perhaps rita said that anup has gone to pokhara.i take the five o'clock train to new delhi.venezuela is a spanish-speaking country. at the end of a person's title.the nile river flows into the mediterranean sea. 8. is a play written by shakespeare. 2.i know that professor panday teaches at the university of arizona. Write the correct capital letter above each letter you cross out.the mississippi river flows south. Smith.john is a catholic. 6.the sun rises in the east. 20.we are going to have a test next tuesday. 19.CAPITALIZATION EXERCISE Read the following sentences and draw a line through each small letter that should be a capital letter. 17. 14.i like vietnamese food.we don't have class on saturdays. 16. Please introduce me to Dr.in 1957 the russians sent the first satellite into space. 18.i started to learn french last july. ali is a moslem. 1. 11. the moor of venice. 5. singh.we bought a nepali cap for mr. . Ex.do you know dr. 12.canada is north of the united states. 15. panday? he is a professor a this university.
(I insisted that my brother carry my suitcase. Kostas __________________some of the kids in the neighborhood to clean out his garage. 8. Tom had a bad headache yesterday. My boss ____________________ me redo my report because he wasn't satisfied with it. I finally ___________________my parent to let me use the car. MAKE Get. their meanings are similar but not identical. I ________________ my son clean the window before he could go outside to play. have. 4.) d) I made my brother carry my suitcase. The teacher didn't know the difference. e) I had my watch repaired (by someone). so he _____________ his twin brother. let and make are followed by the simple form of the verb while get is followed by the infinitive form of the verb. attend class for him. HAVE. More than one verb is possible. a) I got my brother to carry my suitcase.) c) I had my brother carry my suitcase. 3. Tim.) The past participle is used after have and get to give a passive meaning. (I persuaded my brother to carry my suitcase. 6. 5. Complete the sentences with the one of the appropriate causative verb. The teacher ____________________ the class write a 2000-word research paper. it fit him perfectly. Mrs. (I allowed my brother to carry my suitcase.CAUSATIVE VERBS: GET. 9. The doctor ___________________the patient stay in bed. When Scott went shopping. 1. Mr. 7. I went to the bank _______________________ a check cashed. f)I got my watch repaired (by someone). When they are used as causative verbs.) b) I let my brother carry my suitcase. 10. After he _______________the sleeves shortened. There is usually little or no difference in meaning between have and get. he found a jacket that he really liked. let and make can be used to express the idea that "X causes Y" to do something. Have. 2. LET. (I asked my brother to carry my suitcase. Crane __________________her house painted. .
a) Both. She wants either ice cream or cake. A coordinating conjunction joins sentence parts that have the same grammatical form. The first conjunction emphasizes the meaning of the second.or emphasizes the need to choose one item.. She wants both ice cream and cake. d) Whether. b) Not only. yet happy. Here is a mnemonic device to remember the coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS For connects a fact with its cause. for she was sick. (Use a comma before for) And indicates similarity: The skirt and the blouse are yellow. Yet indicates a difference that is not logical: Indira was tired.and emphasizes the equality of items. Subordinating conjunctions begin a subordinated clause and show its relationship with the main clause.but also emphasizes the equal importance. Each conjunction defines a specific relationship between the parts it connects. (Use a comma before but) Or indicates a necessary choice: She is from Chicago or New York. She will eat ice cream whether or not she eats cake.or not emphasizes that the first item is more important than the second. a) Time relationship: Before earlier action After later action Until a limited time of action When a specific time of action While action at the same time . Mary went home. so I had to take the bus. Nor indicates negation of both choices: I don't like the yellow nor the blue shirt.. But indicates a difference: Jane went to the movies.. (Use a comma before yet) So indicates the result or consequence of a previous action: I didn't have money for a taxi. (Use a comma before so) Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions. but I didn't.. phrases. c) Either. She wants not only ice cream but also cake....CONJUNCTIONS: A SUMMARY A conjunction is a word that connects words.. or clauses.
he did not cry. I won't dance with you. As if they were not scared. followed by a comma: Before we went home. That she is a genius is certain. Whether or not you come early. there's a lot of traffic. I'll dance with you. f) Other relationships: where a specific place as if in an untrue manner rather than preferable action that a fact whether unknown information Where you live. Unless you come early. they got on the plane. he did not cry.The subordinated clause can come first. Although he was afraid. Even though he was afraid. Rather than upset her mother. he did not cry. we washed the dishes. e) Unexpected relationships: though an illogical fact although an illogical fact even though an illogical fact Though he was afraid. b) Causal relationships: as a reason for action because a reason for action since a reason for action c) Resulting relationships: So that to make action possible So that she can read. she stayed home. she wears glasses. The main clause can come first and then there is no comma: We washed the dishes before we went home. I won't dance with you. . Whether she went to work I don't know. d) Conditional relationships: If action dependent on other action Unless required action to avoid negative action Whether or not action on any condition If you come early.
Or. But. 18.Can you stop at the store ________ get some milk on your way home? 20. 3. 13 .I have been saving my money this year ______ next year I plan to vacation in Europe. Wear your raincoat ________ you don't get wet. 12. 14.I'm bored! Let's go out to dinner _________ see a movie. 1.Do you want anything else ___________ can I go home now? 7. 23 .I won't be home for Christmas ________ I'll be there for New Year's.Conjunctions .The taxi stopped at the train station _________ two men got out of it.Can I help you with that ________ are you all right? . 9. 10 . 17.It's raining. 15 .Are you busy this weekend ______ do you have some free time? 21.I was in the area _______ I thought I'd drop in and say hello. 19.I really hate to sell my car_________ I need the money.I'm going to go shopping on Sunday __________ buy some new clothes. You should go to bed now ________ you'll be tired tomorrow.Don't tell John about his birthday party ______ you'll spoil the surprise.It's late. 25 .I've been dieting _________ I'm not losing any weight. 6.I like living in the city _________ my brother prefers the countryside.Nobody was home when I rang Jenny ______ I left a message for her.Julia was very angry at Tom ________ she went for a long walk to cool down. And Fill in the blank spaces with one of the conjunctions listed above.I love to travel ____________ I hate traveling by bus. 16 . 8.The department store closed at six ________ everyone went home.So. 11 . 22.I've just eaten dinner __________ I'm not hungry.Will you eat that last chocolate cookie ______ will you leave it for me? 24 .Why don't you ring Sue _________ find out what time she's coming over for dinner? 4 .My friend fell down the stairs ________ sprained his ankle. 5 .Betty just got a promotion at work ________ she's very happy. 2 .
I had already done the dishes.He fell asleep. (yet) 8-We're broke. (after) 2. He won't give up his ideals. I had to take it three times.The Harrison's were having a party. (whereas) 7. (if) 4.CONJUNCTION ACTIVITY Combine the sentences below using the conjunctions given in parentheses. He can visit his friends. (even though) 15-Alex has finished his homework.Paula got the job. Do not change the order of the sentences.The car broke down. They had to learn to manage their own home. (so) 13. He was watching the film. This one is extremely difficult.They got married. (because) 12. (whereas) 14. I know them well. (as soon as) .He arrived home. George went to find help.The first quiz was easy. (while) 11. (until) 5. (since) 9. (even though) 10.He went crazy. Their daughter was getting engaged.Benjamin passed the exam the first time. (when) 3-You can hear what I'm saying. 1. She had no experience. Pay attention to the punctuation.He failed. His wife burnt his breakfast. You keep quiet. We can't buy anything. (by the time) 6. People like her.She's snobbish.I won't invite my classmates to a party.
6 years). 2 weeks._____________ twelve days. 6 -_____________ six weeks. 10 -_____________ a year ago. 15 _____________ April._____________ a year. 11. 1stof January. 5 -_____________ I was a child in elementary school. 7 -_____________ a long time. FOR (a period from start to end) All tenses They study for two hours every day. How long is it since you got married? . for the last two years. 18 -_____________ this class was started. Will the universe continue for ever? Write for or since in the blanks below. 4-_____________ about ten minutes. 19 -_____________ two weeks ago. 12 -_____________ 1997. 14 -_____________ 3 hours a day._____________two months. He has been working since he arrived. It has been a year since I saw her. I have studied English: 1. 2. They're studying for three hours today. 9_-____________ I was 14 years old. 20. For means from the beginning of the period until the end of the period. SINCE (a point up to now) Perfect tenses He has been here since 9 am._____________ January 3-_____________ the beginning of the year. 13_-____________ I came to America. 8 -_____________ three days. I have lived in New York since 1985. I have worked at the bank for five years. He has lived in Bangkok for a long time. Since + point (9 o'clock.FOR AND SINCE (TIME) For + period (5 minutes. 16 -_____________ five weeks. 17-_____________ the beginning of the semester. Monday). Since means from a point in the past until now.
Some verbs are followed by the infinitive form (to + verb) of other verbs. seen. regret . like . 8. 9. quit. feel like. try. hope. discuss. demand. mind. keep (on). When do you finish (study) ______________________? I've given up (smoke) ___________________. need. finish. (can't) face. Don't put off (see)______________________the doctor. deny. like . expect . hate. unfulfilled or futureoriented Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. can't help. . (can't) afford. offer. prepare. fail . put off . would like. hate . struggle. plan.resist resume . Imagine (be) _____________________ married to her! I managed (find)______________ a taxi. threaten. begin. begin. refuse.stop . 6. ongoing in the present or completed in the past. happen. Do you fancy (go) _____________________ out tonight? I don't feel like (cook)____________________. spend time . 4. remember . deserve.love. 2. suggest . swear. I want (see) _____________________ the manager. love. pretend. continue. miss . He spends ages (talk) ________________ on the phone. would love. recall. Would you mind (pass) _________________ the bread? I missed (see)_______________________the beginning of the film. volunteer.talk about . (can't) wait. 3. 5. You can't help (like)________________________ him. promise. regret. intend. vow. defend. real.GERUNDS VERSUS INFINITIVE Some verbs are followed by the gerund (-ing) forms of other verbs. choose. remember . claim. give up. appear. agree. 13. prefer. dislike. mention. avoid. start. Admit. 10. 12. forget. think about. wish. recollect. imagine . hesitate. Use the infinitives to refer to actions that are: hypothetical. postpone.(can't)stand . dare . want. proceed. 7. enjoy . 1. We decided (stay)___________________________ at home. tend. intend. She pretended (be) __________________ ill. 14. forget. 11. manage. We expect (hear) ____________________ from Ann soon. fancy. decide. learn (how). practice. consider. appreciate. try. prefer. mean. Use gerunds to refer to actions that are: vivid. risk . seem. 15. continue.
or Me rode the train. me and Roberto) about fireworks. so the correct answer is "I.She and (me. . Simpson gave an award to (Tina and me. Say: I rode the train. 5. 2.(David and I." Example: Dario and (I or me) rode the train together. and I heard the siren. me) will stay. 1. 10. the neighbor. Writing Practice: Pretend you and a favorite relative have returned from a trip to Disney World. To help you decide. I) usually score well on tests. (The word will be a subject pronoun in this sentence." ) Remember: In a list of nouns and/or pronouns. Concentrate on using "I" and "me" correctly. write five sentences about your experiences. Sally and me. me) like to fish. Examples: The dog. the words "I" and "me" should be written last.Gary and his brother asked (I. 3-Mrs. 8-(Me.Anthony invited (me and George. Some students have trouble knowing whether to use "I" or "me" with other nouns or pronouns. me) to their house. I) delivered newspapers when we were in school. 4. 7-Alex handed the fishing pole to (me. George and me) to his party. I and David) love Mexican food. Practice Directions: Circle the correct words to complete each sentence.The policeman warned (Roberto and me. say the sentence with only "I" or "me. 9. I). 6.My brother will go home and (I. The dog went with Chris.Ivan and (I."I" and "Me" You already know "I" is a subject pronoun and "me" is an object pronoun. me and Tina). What did you do there? On you own paper.
IRREGULAR VERBS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST Simple Form Simple Past arise be bear beat become begin bend bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build burn burst buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig dive do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed arose was. were bore beat became began bent bet bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burnt/burned burst bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dove/dived did drew dreamed/dreamt drank drove ate fell fed Past Participle arise been born beaten / beat become begun bent bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built burnt/burned burst bought cast caught chose clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dove/dived done drawn dreamed/dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed Simple Form feel fight find fit flee fling fly forbid forecast forget forgive forsake freeze get give go grind grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel know lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie light lose make Simple Past felt fought found fit/fitted fled flung flew forbade forecast forgot forgave forsook froze got gave went ground grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knew laid led leaned/leant leaped/leapt learned/learnt left lent let lay lighted/lit lost made Past Participle felt fought found fit/fitted fled flung flown forbidden forecast forgotten forgiven forsaken frozen gotten/got given gone ground grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt known laid led leaned/leant leapt/leapt learned/learnt left lent let lain lighted/lit lost made .
Simple Form Simple Past mean meet mislead mislay mistake outbid outdo outgrow pay plead put quit relay read rid ride ring rise run say see seek sell send set sew shake shed shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slide slit smell speak spell meant met misled mislaid mistook outbid outdid outgrew paid pleaded/pled put quit relaid read rid / ridded rode rang rose ran said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shed shone/shined shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slid slit smelled/smelt spoke spelled/spelt Past Participle meant met misled mislaid mistaken outbid outdone outgrown paid pleaded/pled put quit relaid read rid / ridded ridden rung risen run said seen sought sold sent set sewed/sewn shaken shed shone/shined shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slid slit smelled/smelt spoken spelled/spelt Simple Form spend spread spring stand steal stick sting stink string strive swear swell sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw thrust understand undo unwind undertake uphold upset wake wear weave wed weep wet win wind withdraw withhold wreak wring write Simple Past spent spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stunk/stank strung strove/strived swore swelled swept swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived/throve threw thrust understood undid unwound undertook upheld upset woke/waked wore wove wedded/wed wept wetted/wet won wound withdrew withheld wrought wrung wrote Past Participle spent spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk strung strove/strived sworn swollen swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived/throve thrown thrust understood undone unwound undertaken upheld upset woken/waked worn woven wedded/wed wept wetted/wet won wound withdrawn withheld wrought wrung written .
(forget. This new house has already __________ too much money. (Buy) 10. Raju has____________________ well since the accident. Has the class ____________? (Begin) 4. (Drink) 18. (Draw) 17. The old man has ____________ and he can't get up.Irregular verbs exercise Fill in the blank with the past participle form of the verb in parenthesis. (Fall) 21. (Break) 7. I haven't _____________ anything all day. (Blow) 6. not) . You've already ___________ 3 glasses. The architect has ____________ a plan for the building. We have_______________ to Europe every summer for years. (Bite) 5. (Cut) 15. I'm really hungry. Mary hasn't ___________ her wedding gown yet. 1. (Be) 2.Since I last saw George. he has _______________ president of the U.It's after 10:00.Grandma hasn't ____________ out all the candles on her cake. Have you ______________ the dog yet? (feed) 22. (Eat) 20. How many times have you ____________ that this week? (Do) 16. You shouldn't have any more wine. I've already ______________ three new blouses. I hope you have _______________ to do your homework. (Choose) 12. They haven't ___________ any new hotels on the beach this year. (fly) 25. (Build) 9. Has your mother ever ___________ to Orlando? (Drive) 19. The boys haven't ___________ the grass yet. I'm afraid I've ___________ a cold. (find. Has everyone ___________ a book to class? (Bring) 8.S. (feel. not) 23.Mario has _____________ here for an hour. (Cost) 14. (Become) 3. He still has ________________ his wallet. but I need a skirt or two. not) 24.Oh no! I've ______________ my pencil. How many students have __________ to class so far? (Come) 13. The mosquitoes have really ___________ me tonight. (Catch) 11.
Modals describe conditions that affect the verb by relating the way the speaker feels about a situation. possibility. certainty: That has to have been him we saw. Modals are followed by the simple form of the verb except for have.LIST OF MODALS Modals are helping (auxiliary) verbs that express a wide range of meanings (ability. recommendation/desperate hope/warning request/permission/possibility/conclusion suggestion/request/conditional/possibility/conclus ion necessity/strong recommendation/prohibition/certainty obligation/necessity probability/assumption/expectation future action/volunteering/promising advice/recommendation/assumption/expectation/ probability/possibility future/volunteering/promising imagination/past of will/repetition in the past /speculation preference USAGE . MODAL Be Be able to Can Could Do Don't have to Have got to Have to Have to Had better May / may not Might Must Need to / need not Ought to / ought not Shall Should Will Would Would rather continuous action ability possibility/ request/permission/opportunity/ability polite request/past ability/suggestion/conditional assertion choice/no obligation/inevitability/lack of necessity necessity necessity: She has to read four books for this class. need and ought which are followed by the infinitive form. have got. Most of the modals have more than one meaning. etc. permission.). necessity.
2. 20. The students _________ pay attention in class so they _________ understand the lesson. You ___________________ tell your doctor that you smoke too much. You ______________________ stop at all red lights. Why didn't you ask. 8. 19. 4. _________________________ you like to go to the movies tonight? 17. The doctor told me I ____________________ lose 20 pounds. 5.MODALS . Erika __________________________ love to visit South America. 15. I'm not sure where Pam is. _____________________ you give a ride to school? 6. 11. I ____________ go dancing tonight because I have to study for tomorrow's test. ___________ I help you? Yes please. I know for a fact she was right here in Phoenix. 7. I know I ________________ studied last night.An EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal according to the context: 1. It is very loud. It hurts his eyes. My mother __________________________ cook very well. I __________ like to try on this blouse. 18. 3. Victor ______________ stop watching TV every night. 14. 10. He __________ help me with the groceries. 16. She ______________ taken Benjamin to the zoo. You ______________ not go to the beach when it rains. My car broke down. My husband is not working now. The family ______________ go to the beach Sunday if it does not rain. You _________________ seen her in Chicago. but I watched TV instead. 9. 13. I _________________ been glad to help you. They ______________________ like to go to France for their vacation. Yes. . We _____________ hear the music from the street. 12.
NONCOUNT NOUNS Some nouns are called noncount nouns for the following reasons: 1-They cannot be preceded by the indefinite articles a/an. 3-They do not have plural form. Some quantity words to use with noncount nouns are: a bar of a bottle of a bowl of a couple of a cup of a few a gallon of a glass of a grain of a great deal of a little a loaf of a lot of a number of a piece of a pound of a quart of a roll of a sheet of a slice of a spoonful of a tube of all any any both each every few fewer fewest less little lots of many more most much none none of the one of plenty of several some very little .A number cannot precede them. it is necessary to insert a quantity word in front of them. (no final –s is added) Here is a partial list of noncount nouns: biology bread cabbage cancer cash change clothing coffee corn courage deer defense dirt dust education emotion entertainment food fruit fun furniture garbage gold grammar grass hair happiness hardware hate history homework housework ice information learning leisure lettuce lightning literature love luck luggage machinery mail makeup medicine milk money music nature news postage publicity rain research rice sadness sand scenery shampoo sheep silver slang smoke snow soccer soup spaghetti thunder time toast traffic training travel truth understanding violence warmth water weather wheat work writing In order to indicate quantity when referring to these nouns. 2.
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE - NOUN QUANTIFIERS Choose the correct answers in the following dialogue: 1- Chris: Hi! What are you up to? 2- Pete: Oh, I'm just looking for (a) many (b) some (c) any antiques at this sale. 3- Chris: Have you found (a) something (b) anything (c) nothing yet? 4- Pete: Well, there seems to be (a) a few (b) few (c) little of interest. It really is a shame. 5- Chris: I can't believe that. I'm sure you can find (a) a thing (b) something (c) anything interesting if you look in (a) all (b) each (c) some stall. 6- Pete: You're probably right. It's just that there are (a) a few (b) a lot (c) some of collectors and they (a) every b) each (c) all seem to be set on finding (a) a thing (b) anything (c) much of value. It's so stressful competing with them. 7- Chris: How (a) many (b) much (c) few antique furniture do you think there is? 8- Pete: Oh, I would say there must be (a) many (b) several c) much pieces. However, only (a) a few (b) few (c) little are really worth (a) the high (b) a high (c) high prices they are asking. 9- Chris: Why don't you take a break? Would you like to have (a) any (b) some (c) little coffee? 10-Pete: Sure, I'd love to have (a) any (b) little (c) one. I could use (a) some (b) a few (c) a little minutes of downtime. 11-Chris: Great. Let's go over there. There're (a) a few (b) some (c) little seats left.
PHRASAL VERBS (SEPARABLE) a) We put off our trip In a) : put off = a phrasal verb.* A phrasal verb = a verb and a particle that together have a special meaning. For example, put off means to "postpone." A particle = a preposition (e. g., off, on) or an adverb (e. g., away, back) that is used in a phrasal verb. Many phrasal verbs are separable.** In other words, a NOUN can either follow or come between (separate) the verb and the particle. b) and c) have the same meaning. d) and e) have the same meaning. If the phrasal verb is separable, the PRONOUN always comes between the verb and the particle; the pronoun never follows the particle. Incorrect: We put off it. Incorrect: I turned on it.
b) We put off our trip. c) We put our trip off. d) I turned on the light. e) I turned the light on. f) We put it off. g) I turned it on.
* Phrasal verbs are also called two-word verbs and three-word verbs. ** Some phrasal verbs are non-separable. PHRASAL VERBS (NON-SEPARABLE) a) I ran into Bob at the bank yesterday. If a phrasal verb is non-separable, a noun or b) I saw Bob yesterday. I ran into him pronoun follows (never precedes) the particle. at the bank. Incorrect: I ran Bob into at the bank. Incorrect: I ran him into at the bank. Some common phrasal verbs (non-separable) call on ........................ ask to speak in class get over ..................... recover from an illness run into ...................... meet by chance get on ......................... enter (a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle) get off ........................ leave (a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle) get in ......................... enter (a car, a taxi) get out of ................... leave (a car, a taxi)
TWO-WORD VERBS (Phrasal Verbs) SEPARABLE bring back - to return call up - call on the phone carry on – to continue catch on – to understand, learn clean up - to clean cross out - put a line through do over - do again drop off - take someone or something somewhere in a car on your way someplace else. figure out - understand something or someone after thinking about him, her, or it. fill out - write all the necessary information on a document. fill in - write in the necessary information in special spaces on a document. give back – return give up – to abandon, to desist from doing something hand in - go give something to someone in a position of authority. hang up - put something on the wall; put clothes on a hook or hanger; put phone down. jot down – write quickly and briefly left out – not included look up - find information in a book. make up - to invent something, especially in order to deceive or entertain. pick out - to choose pick up - lift; go get someone or something, usually in a vehicle. point out – to indicate put away - put something in its proper place. put on - dress yourself in a piece of clothing or jewelry, apply make-up, perfume, etc. stand for – represent, be a symbol for take back - return take down - remove something from its place, especially by separating it into pieces. take off - remove something you are wearing. take out - to remove something that is inside something else. think over - consider something carefully before making a decision. throw away - put something in the trash. try on - put on clothing to see if it fits or looks good. turn down - refuse an offer or invitation; adjust the volume on a machine. turn off - stop a supply of water, electricity, etc. turn on - start the flow of water, electricity, etc. use up - use all of something. write down - write something on a piece of paper so you won't forget it; make a note.
PHRASAL VERBS – INSEPARABLE call on - to formally ask someone to do something. get along with - have a friendly relationship with. get over - to become healthy again after being sick. hear from - to get news or information from someone, especially by letter. Look for - try to find something look like - to resemble someone or something look through - look for something in a pile of papers, a drawer, pocket, etc. look up to - admire and respect someone look down on - to view someone or something as unworthy or lowly. pick on - unfairly criticize someone again and again; treat someone in an unkind manner. run into - meet someone by chance take after - look or behave like another member of your family.
TWO-WORD VERBS - A QUIZ Answer each of the following questions with an appropriate two-word verb. Use pronouns whenever possible. 1- Do we have any sugar left? No. I think we __________________ when we made the birthday cake. 2- Are you going to buy the blue shirt? Not until I _________________________. 3- When can we see our test scores? I'll _____________________ your test tomorrow. 4- Who was on the telephone? I don't know. They _______________ before I could find out. 5- This blue shirt I just bought is too small! I guess you'll have to _______________. 6- Have you applied for that job yet? I have ________________ the form, but I haven't ____________________ yet. 7- When do they pick up the garbage? Tomorrow. We have to _______________ tonight. 8- How can I study with that music? Do you want me to ________________? 9- Did you get a letter from your family today? No. I haven't ____________ them for a month. 10- Did you finish your math homework? Almost. I couldn't ___________ the last two problems. 11- My homework really looks messy. What will the teacher think? I don't know. Why don't you ___________ anyway? 12- It's very hot tonight. Do you want me to ___________ the air conditioner? 13- What is your homework for tomorrow? Just a minute. I _________________ in my notebook. 14- John, what's the answer to number1? You always _____________ me when I'm not paying attention. 15-My house is a mess and I have company coming this weekend. Don't worry. I'll help you ____________ on Friday.
PHRASAL VERB EXERCISE Fill in the gap in the sentences with the phrase that best compliments the meaning. 1. We haven't __________ our son for three months. He is not much of a letter writer. a) seen b) written to c) heard from d) kept in touch with 2. _________ the morning news, many houses on the island were destroyed. a) According to b) In addition to c) In contrast to d) In spite of 3. Jack has a lot of clothes, but most of them are out of _________________. a) age b) fashion c) order d) time 4. That copying machine is _______ order. Why don't you use this one? a) out of b) off of c) in d) by 5.My son dropped _____________ college and joined the army. a) away from b) by c) off d) out of 6. The police officer signaled the driver to _____________ and stop. a) pull over b) put in c) pass by d) pick up 7. Don't speak so fast, please. I cannot keep _______________ with you. a) on b) away c) out d) up 8. Since I came in half an hour later this morning, I have to stay until 5:30 to _________ for it. a) save up b) make up c) keep up d) hold up 9. I deposited some money every month and _____________ enough to go on vacation. a) saved up b) made up c) kept up d) held up 10. Would you turn _________ the TV? I'm afraid the baby will wake up. a) off b) on c) up d) over 11. Most of our customers __________ their meals rather than eating here. a) take out b) take back c) take in d) take off 12. I _________ my old friend when I was shopping downtown yesterday. a) came around b) ran into c) stopped by d) dropped in 13. I quit my job because I could not _______________ with my boss. a) get up b) make up c) take up d) put up 14.Sorry but that book is ________________. We'll get copies from the publisher next month. a) out of print b) out of order c) off shelf d) out of stock 15. Could you _________ this ten dollar bill so I can make a phone call? a) tear b) break c) chop d) cut
PREPOSITIONS: A SUMMARY A preposition is a word that relates its noun or pronoun object with another word in a sentence. A preposition + (article) + noun or object pronoun = prepositional phrase 1- Prepositions that indicate place: Over Above Below Beneath Under Underneath Behind In back of In front of Ahead of Across from Opposite Against By Beside Next to Between Among Near Close to Far from Beyond On Upon Off In Inside Within Out of Outside of 2- Prepositions that indicate direction Across Along By Past Through Around Down Up To Toward From Back to Into Out of Onto Off
3- Use in, on, and at with addresses and geographical locations: In On At In a continent, a country, a state, a city, a town, an inside corner a coast, a beach, a side, a street, a floor, an outside corner a building (inside, outside, or near), a number a specific place inside a building
Prepositions that indicate time. Before After During Since Until Up to Around About By For Through Use in, on and at with certain time expressions: In a century, a decade, a year, a season, a month, a period of the day. in the 1800's in the 1950's in 1991 in the morning In time not too late. He arrived in time to see the whole show. On a day, a date, a holiday, certain days. On Monday on the 15th on her birthday on weekends on Christmas
On time at the expected time. Carlos is always on time for class. At for an approximate and a specific time at night at 4:00 o'clock at midnight at noon At present now. At the moment now. At present, we are studying grammar. I am busy at the moment
Prepositions that indicate other relationships: By forms of communication forms of transportation people who do things With tools and instruments He sent the memo by fax. They went to town by bus The dress was made by my mother. He fixed the shelf with a hammer. I opened the door with my key. She wrote the letter in ink. The table is made out of glass He is a friend of mine. The bowl is from India. The present if from Lynn. She went with Christian. I went with my suitcase. They left without me. He is without money.
In types of composition Of materials, belonging
From places and people
With including other people including things Without not including other people not including other things
By one's self without another person She made the cake by herself. Instead of including one person or a thing, but not another Bill came instead of Bob. I use cornstarch instead of flour.
but not particular Everybody was happy except Kathy. We march for peace. the butter. Edwin left for Mexico. As in the role of For purposes Asking question with prepositions When the object of the preposition answers a question.Except including some things or people. She works as a secretary. the pattern for the question is: Question Be or Word + auxiliary Verb Where Who What Who Whom Who What What Who Which street What city are are are does did is are did do do were + Subject + you they you he they she you he you you you thinking work talk going waiting do that sit live born Verb + Preposition from? with? about? for? to? with? for? for? Next to? on? In? . Mix all the ingredients except for ones. The gift is for you.
He's probably ____________________ Perth now.We got up ___________________________ dawn today.Were you ______________________ Tom's party last night: 9._______________ my opinion you should buy the blue shirt. 8. 13.She was born ______________________ 1961.Buy some bread and milk _______________________ your way home. 7. 1.He lives _________________________ Australia.My wife gave me a wonderful present _____________________ my birthday. 17. 20.There were many cars ________________ the road today. 2.PREPOSITION QUIZ Directions: Choose in.Goodbye! I'll see you _______________________ the morning.I'll see you _________________________ Monday. . 19.She was tired. 12.I'll see you ____________________ two weeks time. 28-Are you doing anything _______________ the weekend. the green shirt is nicer.__________________________ second thought. on or at to fill in the blank. 11.What will you be doing _____________________ New Year's Eve? 24-______________________ the end of the a course students usually have a party.My pen is _________________________ my pencil case. 3. She's ____________________ bed now.Betty doesn't have a job __________________ the moment. 29. 23.We live ____________________ this address.____________________________ the age of ten I wanted to be a firefighter. 30. 16-He's gone to work.The telephone and the doorbell rang __________________ the same time 4-He flew to Japan. 14-The coffee is _____________________________ the shelf. 27. He's probably ________________________work now.It gets very cold _______________________ winter. 15. 25. 5-Would you like to go out to dinner ____________________ Friday night? 6. 18.Tom and Betty always go to out to dinner ______________ their wedding anniversary. 26.The flowers ___________________ in your garden are beautiful. 10. 21-I'll be taking my holiday ______________________ Christmas this year. 22.The doctor will see you _____________________ 10:00.
15. 13. 10. 4.It does not make any difference __________ me. 9-Let's go _______ a tour of the city. 3.You'd better change __________ a lower gear when driving uphill.The doctor will be back __________ an hour.PREPOSITION PRACTICE Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition. 16.I'm not sure _________ all that the interest rate is affordable. 24. 23-Look! We are flying _________ the ocean.Hold it carefully __________ your thumb and forefinger. . 18.Victor is sitting __________ his brother.Our is the best car _________ the market.We're looking at some of the ads offered _________ that brochure. 21. 14.The President approves _________ making the agreement with Brazil.Thanks ________ all you have done for me._______ a rainy day I like to stay home. 19.You should spend your money ________ something worthwhile. 20.This necklace is made __________ silver. 1.Can I pay for this painting ___________ dollars. 25.Switzerland is famous _________ its watches.___________ his way to Japan he stopped over in Los Angeles 2.Yes.Who is that man you are smiling ________? 11.Find answers ________ these questions if you can.Javier. 17. You may write _________ ink. 6.Have you found a nice gift _______ her? 7.Is there anything _______ sale at the mall this week? 5.This story is similar ___________ the one she told us. 8. 12. 22. do you remember Karla? She's an old friend ________ school.
1-A friend _______________ need is a friend indeed.Don't wash your dirty linen ______________ public. 25-Even God is afraid ______________ fools. 23-Necessity is the mother ______________ invention.Charity begins _____________ home.__________ of sight. 22. 24. 11.When in Rome. 2. __________ the fire. 10-What goes ____________ must come ___________. The following is a list of commonly used proverbs. ___________ of mind.There are two sides ___________ every coin.Save ___________a rainy day. 8.Never look a gift horse __________ the mouth. 14. do as the Roman do.Out of the frying pan.A person is known ______________ the company he keeps. 18. .Jack __________ all trades.No one looks _________ his own faults. 21. norms.PROVERBS – AN EXERCISE USING PREPOSITIONS A proverb is a short statement that sets forth a general well-known truth. 4.Discretion is the better part _______________ valor. 17. and customs of a people.Everything comes ________________ those who wait. they are vehicles for sending messages about the values. 3. 13.Time and tide wait _________ no man. 16. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition to complete the meaning. 6. 19-There's no smoke ______________ fire.The grass is always greener _________ the other side. 9. 7. 5.Look _____________ you leap. 15-You can't take it ______________ you.Lie down ____________ dogs and you get _____________ fleas.Birds ___________ a feather flock together. As a communicative act. master __________ none. 12.The fruit doesn't fall too far ___________ the tree. 20.
losing my keys. interrupting. having time to read all my books. Ex. not doing any work. seeing Leandro next week. helping me? looking after the children? moving to Canada? going out? saving for a rainy day. doing that. going on vacation. disturbing you. swimming and dancing. cooking. staying at home. working late? convincing the police that she was not a burglar. without to drink. selling things. eating. (NOT …. being on time. saying goodbye. understanding this – it's too difficult. leaving. learning to ski.PREPOSITIONS + GERUND We use the –ing (gerund) form of the verb after a preposition and not the infinitive. telling me the truth. but I don't think she will. Example: Are you interested in coming to Colombia with us? Are you interested Do you feel Do you have the time to do anything else He insisted He passed his exams How could you stop her I apologize I like walking I sometimes dream I'm fed up I'm not capable I'm tired She succeeded She talked She's keen She's very good Thank you We're excited We're thinking Why don't you come out with us You can't live I will call you Please have a drink I'm looking He's interested Do you object Elisa always dreams Do you feel Jake should go to a barber Maritza believes I forgave Javier Thelma insisted They argued I never thought he was capable answering that child's question? arriving at the office.) Make ten or more sentences from the substitution table below. You can use the same preposition in more than one sentence. playing football. coming to Mexico with us? meeting you. paying for everything. about after as well as at before besides for from in in spite of instead of like of on to with without . You can only live for a few days without drinking. changing her job.
Whom did Dorothy choose to receive the computer? 12-Andrea will not like that. 11.Who will be leading the graduation procession this year? . 14. who always seems to get in trouble. 13. indefinite pronoun 6.The king himself came to visit Henry in the hospital.What are the chances that the Beavers will go to the Rose Bowl? 20-After the presentation ended.Does your Subaru have heated seats like Ann's does? 9.PRONOUN EXERCISE Each sentence below contains a pronoun.Will she get here before the bell rings? 19. 6. 23.If the team is cautious they will avoid the problem that plagued the other group.Several experts have opinions about who will be the next president. personal pronoun 2.In October.Alex longed for the car that he saw in the magazine.Many consider booing during a free throw rude and unfair.The goalie needs to protect herself when the ball is kicked right at her head. 4-David doesn't want their help. 22-They didn't give themselves a chance to think before beginning the competition.It would be kind of you if you saved those to share with the guests when they arrive. we went out for coffee. 21. 5-Martina's friend Stacy.They think that hers is the most interesting submission.Do you know when the movie starts? 25. Select which category of pronoun it is and place the number of your selection next to the sentence.Mindy is sure that someone was in her house while she was away. 8. demonstrative pronoun 5. 7. 2. the woman who would eventually go to Sidney and win a gold medal visited Harry's class. 10. relative pronoun 3.Have you been there before? 17. 15-Pamela wanted to say something to the taxi driver about the red light.Juliet doesn't want either of the gifts Katherine brought her.The dog that bit her brother belongs to the man down the road. but she was too scared to speak. 16. 1. 18. reflexive pronoun Ex: Who gave you these? (demonstrative pronoun 4) 1. 24. 3. interrogative pronoun 4. is not someone her parents approve of.
Is that Alicia's new boyfriend?" "Don't ask me."Please tell Mr.Where is my book?" "Oh." 4 . and Mrs." 14 . Perez to come in.What are you going to do with those old papers?" I'm going to recycle ______________.Why is Javier so unhappy?" "His friends gave ______________ a guitar for his birthday.OBJECT PRONOUNS Subject Pronoun First person singular Second person singular Third person – masculine Third person – feminine Third person – neutral First person – plural Second person – plural Third person – plural I You He She It We You They Object Pronoun me you him her it (plural form: them) us you them Select the appropriate object pronoun from the table above to complete each sentence." 15. Could you tell _______________? ." "I'm sorry." 8 .What is the title of that song?" "I'm afraid I can't remember ____________." 11 -"Who are the flowers for?" "I got ___________ for my mother." 6 . I don't know ____________."Do you like bananas?" "I love _____________." 9 -Let's see the latest Spielberg movie!" "I have seen ___________ already. dear! I've lost ______________. she is in love with _____________. ask ________________." 10 .I have a call on hold for Carlos." 12 -Why is he always talking about Pamela Anderson?" "He obviously likes _____________. 1 ." 7 ." 5 . 2 ."I can't find my glasses" "You're wearing __________________." 13 .Is she writing to Leonardo DI Caprio? Yes." 3 ."Where is my camera?" "Carmen took __________."Gabriela is making a lot of noise!" "I'll ask ____________ to be quiet.
Its eyes are yellow. Its black and white. He pays for his's calls and my pay for my. Ours apartment is next to their. Them also have a cat. Shes really cute. Carlos . He calls she often. Theirs have a three-year-old daughter. and Mrs. Them talk on the phone a lot. His from Colombia. I like me roommate too. I'm looking forward to you're visit. Him name is Alberto. He's telephone bill is very high because he has a girlfriend in Colombia. Sometimes they're cat leaves a dead mouse outside ours door. I like mine new apartment very much. It's a friendly cat. Their very nice. Hers name is Joy. but us don't share the telephone bill. You will meet them when you visit I next month. Ours neighbors are Mr. Black. Love.ALL PRONOUNS PRACTICE Subject Object Possessive Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives (followed by nouns) 1st person 2nd person 3rd person (m) 3rd person (f) 3rd person (n) 1st person (pl) 2nd person (pl) 3rd person (pl) I you he she it we you they me you him her it us you them my your his her its our your their Possessive Pronouns (not followed by nouns) mine yours his hers (not used) ours yours theirs Reflexive Pronouns myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves Exercise: Find and correct the errors in pronoun usage. His studying English too. We were classmates last semester too. Its name is Whiskers. Its large and comfortable. Dear Miguel: Everything is going fine. We talk to it often. Were classmates. Sometimes her calls he. We share the rent and the utility bills.
Terry has ____________________ pennies in her pocket. . the speaker will probably use ANY. the speaker will probably use SOME. 5. 7. the speaker will probably use ANY. 9.ANY / SOME: AN EXPLANATION Use: Any and Some are used for objects and people. last night she didn't eat ____________ salad. She will lend some paper to Marsha. She forgot it at home Use SOME for affirmative sentences: Sara has some paper. Her mother was angry! But Angela likes to have _______________ ice cream for dessert. 10. Tomas doesn't have _______________ pennies in his pocket. do you have some paper? ***A general guideline about any/some in questions: If the speaker thinks the answer is probably NO. But we know there really isn't ____________ vegetable-flavored ice cream! Marissa cooked ____________Mexican food for dinner. 1. If the speaker has no guess about the answer. 4. 8. In fact. She would be happy if she could eat _________ vegetable-flavored ice cream. Exercise: Read the sentences below and choose some or any to complete the meaning. If the speaker thinks the answer is probably YES. His pocket is empty. 3. 2. 6. Marissa's brother didn't want to eat ______________ food that Marissa cooked. Angela doesn't like to eat _________________ vegetables. Negative Affirmative Any Some Question ??? Any or some Use ANY for negative sentences: Marsha doesn't have any paper today. He decided to have ___________ pizza instead. do you have any paper? Excuse me Sara. He's not a nice brother. Use SOME/ANY for questions: Excuse Sara.
-x or –z. ch. the plural is made by adding –es Singular church crash bus box buzz Plural churches crashes buses boxes buzzes Plural of nouns ending in o Some nouns ending in –o have plurals in –es. guy.SINGULAR AND PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS Plural of nouns ending in consonant +y: The plural form of most nouns is made by just adding –s to the singular. -ty). x or z If the singular form ends in –sh. donkey). boys. donkeys). -ch. the plural is made by adding –s (days. -dy. but there are some special cases. g. guys. s. Singular Plural …. : day. Consonant + y ………consonant + ies baby lady ferry party babies ladies ferries parties If the singular form ends in vowel + y (e. If the singular ends in consonant + y (for example: -by. the plural is normally made by changing the y to I and adding –es. The most common: Singular echo hero plural echoes heroes singular potato tomato plural potatoes tomatoes . Proper names ending in consonant + y usually have plurals in – ys: Do you know the Kennedys? I hate Februarys. Plural of nouns ending in sh. boy. -s.
roof. bailiff which only add –s for the plural form. and most of the new words that come into the language. radios. chief. Other irregular plurals: Singular child foot goose louse man Plural children feet geese lice men Singular mouse penny person tooth woman Plural mice pennies people teeth women . So do the following. Singular calf elf half knife leaf life loaf Plural calves elves halves knives leaves lives loaves Singular self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf Plural selves sheaves shelves thieves wives wolves Exceptions: belief. g. Singular commando concerto Eskimo kilo plural commandos concertos Eskimos kilos singular photo piano solo soprano plural photos pianos solos sopranos Irregular plurals that end in –ves: The following nouns ending in –f(e) have plurals in –ves.Nouns ending in vowel + o have plurals in –s (e. zoos).
billiards. politics) are normally singular uncountable and have no plural use. statistics) can also have plural uses. (But The unemployment statistics are disturbing. Examples are news. mathematics. These have no plurals. Most words ending in –ics (e . politics.) . measles (and some other illnesses).g.Plural same as singular Some nouns ending in –s do not change in the plural. athletics. Too much mathematics is usually taught at school. (But What are your politics?) Statistics is useful in language learning. draughts (and some other names of games ending in –s). physics. Politics is a complicated business. Some words ending in –ics (erg. Common examples: Singular barracks crossroads headquarters means Plural barracks crossroads headquarters means Singular series species works Swiss Plural series species works Swiss Note that some singular uncountable nouns end in – s.
..... There is / there isn't .....: salt + I haven't / I don't have. ....... ? Have you got / do you have. There are / there aren't ..EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY MATCH THE APPROPRIATE EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY TO THE NOUN AND INSERT IT IN THE CORRESPONDING BOX: A LITTLE MUCH Nouns: chairs furniture postcards money apples mountains sandwich pennies vegetables homework music cash plant ring clothes garbage traffic changes sand stuff information machinery literature idiom dust rice assignment novel suggestion makeup song bread advice coin tool ANY A LOT MANY A FEW LOTS OF SOME COUNTABLE erg... UNCOUNTABLE erg...: onions 've got / I have.
.... e) and f) have the same meaning.... And + S + aux + either and John doesn't either.... b) Sue likes milk... the auxiliary verb (aux) comes before the subject (S).USING AND + TOO. AND... Notice in b): After and so... AND NEITHER... And is usually not used when there are two speakers... (informal) . c) and d) have the same meaning. Me neither. either.. g) and h) have the same meaning.. And + neither + aux + S and neither does John.. And + so + aux + S and so does Tom...... B: Neither do I.. SO.. EITHER AND NEITHER We use too....... so.... g) A: I don't like hot dogs....... B: I don't either....EITHER e) A: I'm hungry B: I am too. Notice in c): A negative auxiliary verb is used with and. Notice in d): after and neither..... AND SO .. j) I don't like hot dogs. i) A: I'm hungry..... B: So am I.. AND. h) A: I don't like hot dogs........ c) Mary doesn't like milk... a) and b) have the same meaning.... And + S + aux + too and Tom does too... B: Me too... either and neither to avoid repetition when agreeing or disagreeing with someone.. In d): An affirmative auxiliary if used with and neither.. the auxiliary verb comes before the subject. TOO a) Sue likes milk.... d) Mary doesn't like milk.... Me too and me neither are often used in informal English... (informal) f) A: I am hungry.
5. (his brother) Jon can't speak Arabic. (either) ___________________. I take after my father. Use the word in parentheses in your response. and ___________________________ either. (so) _____________________ . (so) ______________________. Part II. (Gloria) I watched TV last night. (neither) ____________________. We hadn't ever ice-skated before. 5. I have to write down everything he says. (I) Fernando went home early last night. Complete the following dialogues by agreeing with the first speaker. Complete each sentence using the word in parentheses and the appropriate auxiliary. and so ________________. TOO. and ______________________ too. (too) _____________________________. 7. and so ______________________. We didn't enjoy the movie last night. 1. and neither _____________________. and neither _________________________. and _________________________ too. I can't try on new shoes without socks on. I'm really tired. EITHER OR NEITHER: AN EXERCISE Part I. My family doesn't enjoy going to the movies very much. I need to pick out a card for my girl's birthday. 4. A. 4. I have to think that over for a few days. B. (so) _________________________. (Tampa) Miami is in South Florida. (so) am I. 6. and so ____________________________. (either) ____________________________. 10. I didn't put my clothes away yesterday. 8. 2. I should take back the library books I borrowed.SO. 3. and _________________________________. 3. 2. 9. 9. 8. 7. (mother) My father doesn't like horror movies. (my brothers) I was born in Ohio. Example: (Thomas) Henry has a bad headache. 6. (neither) __________. (too) ______________________. (dogs) Cats are great pets. and ____________________________ neither. Use "I" as the subject.(my friend) I didn't pass the last exam. (her sister) Maria is not married yet. (neither) ______________________. (Washington) California is on the West Coast. 10. and so ______________________________.
VERB FORM USAGE IN REPORTED SPEECH FORMAL: If the main verb of the sentence is in the past (e." (g) He said: "I can work hard. Quotation marks are used. the verb in the noun clause is not changed if the speaker is reporting something immediately or soon after it was said.QUOTED SPEECH VERSUS REPORTED SPEECH QUOTED SPEECH: Quoted speech refers to reproducing another person's exact words. (m) Immediate reporting: A: What did Ann just say? I didn't hear her. He said (that) he had worked hard. especially in speaking. g." (d) Tom said that he needed his pen. QUOTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH (a) Ann said: "I'm hungry. Not all the exact words are used: verb forms and pronouns may change. He said (that) he could work hard. He said (that) he should work hard. He said (that) he was going to work hard. (l) He said: "I ought to work hard. He said (that) he might work hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. Quotation marks are not used. the verb in the noun clause is usually in the past form. ." (k)He said: "I should work hard. He said (that) he had to work hard. He said (that) he would work hard." (e) He said: "I'm going to work hard. * Quoted speech is also called direct speech. Reported speech is also called indirect speech." (f) He said: "I will work hard." (h) He said: "I may work hard. * Notice the verb from changes in the examples below." REPORTED SPEECH He said (that) he worked hard. (c) Tom said: "I need my pen. He said (that) he had to work hard. He said (that) he was working hard. (no change) INFORMAL: Sometimes." (b) Ann said that she was hungry. QUOTED SPEECH (a) He said: "I work hard. said)." (b) He said: "I'm working hard. REPORTED SPEECH: Reported speech refers to reproducing the idea of another's person words." (i) He said: "I have to work hard. (n) Later reporting: C: What did Ann say when she got home last night? D: She said (that) she was hungry. B: She said (that) she is hungry." (d) He said: "I worked hard." (c) He said: "I have worked hard." (j) He said: "I must work hard. (no change) He said (that) he ought to work hard. Notice in the examples: The verb forms and the pronouns change from quoted speech to reported speech.
7.REDUNDANCY Redundancy occurs when two words are used together that repeat unnecessary information because they have essentially the same meaning. A 1. cross them out. 1. 13. The city enlarged and grew without any planning. Drastic measures are necessary and needed to stop the famine. 5. 4. Montreal is the charming and enchanting old capital of Quebec.The soldier. Labels should include the information that allows shoppers to compare the ingredients and contents of the food they are buying. 10.He used a long and slender pole to reach the inaccessible site. The child sneezed and coughed throughout the night. 11. We are gathered together to pay our respect to the deceased. the following combinations should be avoided: advance forward attach together completely finished mixed together dash quickly only unique basic essentials dead corpse blazing inferno free gift completely done join together pizza pie reread again temper tantrum opening gambit past history recur again same identical repeat again sufficient enough proceed forward progress forward return back two twins revert back woman widow If there are any redundancies in the following sentences. 12. Illness caused by viruses and bacteria may lower the level of vitamins in the bloodstream.The function of the police is to protect and guard society. Heavy consumption of alcohol and drinking a lot of wine may interfere with the body's utilization of folic acid. 6.Both overeating and skipping meals can cause adverse effects. In general. 8. wounded and injured. ancient vessel have been retrieved from watery graves. 9. The house was enlarged and made bigger as the family grew. staggered back to his camp. 3.300 year-old Byzantine ship and another old. Conservationists have been collecting data to save these shy and timid creatures. 15. 2. . 14.
Pay close attention to the difference in spelling for each category.RELATED WORDS The following list contains words from the same family. NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB VERB Accident Affection Artist Athlete Attention Beauty Care Cheerfulness Collection Competition Danger Dependability Destruction Difference Dirt Enjoyment Explanation Fairness Gratitude Happiness Individuality Knowledge Kindness Mechanic Occasion Opportunity Originality Pleasantness Repetition Responsibility Sadness Satisfaction Science Similarity Simplicity Sincerity Success Truth accidental affectionate artistic athlete attentive beautiful careful cheerful collective competitive dangerous dependable destructive different dirty enjoyable explanatory fair grateful happy individual knowledgeable kind mechanical occasional opportune original pleasant repetitive responsible sad satisfied scientific similar simple sincere successful true accidentally affectionately artistically athletically attentively beautifully carefully cheerfully collectively competitively dangerously dependably destructively differently dirtily enjoyably fairly gratefully happily individually knowledgeably kindly mechanically occasionally opportunely originally pleasantly repetitively responsibly sadly satisfactorily scientifically similarly simply sincerely successfully truly beautify care cheer compete depend destruct differentiate enjoy explain know mechanize occasion originate repeat satisfy simplify succeed . but belonging to different parts of speech.
repetition.When do they ____________________ the mail? (collect. fairness. succeed. satisfactorily) 3. careful. (danger. pleasantly) 15. It was the most ___________________ experience of my trip. dangerously) 20.He has completed the work _______________________.Your reasons are not very _________________? (science. dependable. gratefully) 8. beautiful.Her niece is very _____________________. grateful. 1. adjective or adverb.Sometimes _________________ helps us. They were aware of all his _____________secrets. noun. Sometimes we must rely on the ________________ of strangers. (fair. destruction. (sad. (care. beautifully) 4. enjoyably) 18. She knew this was a __________________ road.After winning the prize. happily) 14. (satisfaction. collection. satisfactory. dependably) 2. enjoyable. dirty. repetitive) 11. successful) 16.Everyone admires goodness and ___________________. but only one of those words belongs in the blank space.He was quite __________________ with his performance. scientifically) 9. (kind. artistically) 6. destructive) 7. dangerous. (success. explanation. Fill in the blank with the correct form: verb. they went __________________ on their way. collective) 5. sadly) 19. (pleasant.Their new helper is very __________________________. (beauty. explanatory) 10. You should always drive __________________________. (happy. (depend. scientific. fairly) 13. A feeling of __________________ overtook her. pleased. artistic. (destroy. dirtily) .RELATED WORDS PRACTICE The words in the parentheses belong to the same word family.What is his _______________________? (explain. (artist. (enjoy.The fire produced terrible ____________________ everywhere. happiness. (repeat. kindness. sadness. carefully) 17.He was_________________________on his third ascent to the summit.How can we express our _________________? (gratitude. (dirt. kindly) 12-We'll buy it if we are offered a __________ price.
can he? A tag question is a question added at the end of a sentence. In k): aren't I? Is common in spoken English. The tag pronoun for these/those = they. (e. doesn't she?). didn't they? The tag pronoun for this/that = it. isn't it? f) Everyone took the test. You like tea. g. everybody. It's a nice day today. Personal pronouns are used to refer to indefinite pronouns. isn't it? These/those are yours. idea. have you? j) I am supposed to be here. is she? No. can't he? b) Fred can't come. they have. am I not? k) I am supposed to be here. isn't it?). g) Nothing is wrong. Sentences with negative words take affirmative tags. is it? h) Nobody called on the phone. belief is correct. have they? No. aren't I? In j): am I not? is formal English. No. isn't there? e) Everything is okay. In sentences with there + be. Affirmative sentence + negative tag > affirmative answer expected Mary is here. Negative sentence + affirmative tag > negative answer expected Mary isn't here. I do. hasn't he? .TAG QUESTIONS a) Jack can come. doesn't he? Also possible. somebody. haven't they? Yes. but less common: Tom has a car. no one and nobody. there is used in the tag. aren't they? d) There is a meeting tonight.. do you. she isn't. or 2) with a falling information if the speaker is expressing an idea with which she/he is almost certain the listener will agree (e. g. * A tag question may be spoken: 1) with a rising intonation if the speaker is truly seeking to ascertain that his/her information. You don't like tea. I don't. don't you? Yes. someone. They have left. They is usually used in a tag to refer to everyone. Speakers use a tag question chiefly to make sure their information is correct or to seek agreement. ** A form of do is usually used in a tag when have is the main verb: Tom has a car.. They haven't left. c) This/that is your book. they haven't. isn't she? Yes. she is. Ann lives in an apartment. did they? i) You've never been there.
don't you? c) ... ______________________ 3............. 6............ 8.......................... _________________ 9....She hasn't study for very long. _________________ 10. is she? e) ... He comes every Friday... _______________ 6... She didn't watch the film last night........ won't he? b) ... 5.. 11........ 4.. 1... ________________ 7... He hasn't lived here long........... ________________ 12.They hadn't visited before..Jack bought a new car last week................ It's great to see each other again.................................. a) ................ 7-You live in an apartment ............... You weren't invited to the party.. had they? j) .. She won't be late.... You went to Tom's last weekend.This music is fantastic... ____________________ isn't? aren't you? didn't you? is she? doesn't he? would you? has he? do you? will she? were you? hasn't it? did she? . has she? i) . 10.He'll go to the university …..................He isn't concentrating.... 2................... will they? h) ....... ________________ 8..They won't shut up. 9.......... You'd never have thought of it. 12. _____________________ 4.....She doesn't speak Russian.................... ______________________ 11.TAG QUESTIONS EXERCISE Match the sentence halves: 1-They enjoy playing football................... ____________________ 2.. Each question tag is to be used only once. You don't like tripe...She isn't thinking of moving.. __________________ 5.. didn't he? g) . She isn't much of a cook... 3.are they? l) ..... You're married..does she? k) .... It's stopped raining...They aren't serious ... don't they? d)...... isn't it? f) . is he? Place the following question tags in the correct blank.......
I have worked here since June.Continuing situation 1)Experience: To talk about things we have done in the past and about which a memory of it exists in our mind. John has broken his leg. Have you seen ET? He has lived in Bangkok. This is a situation that started in the past and continues into the present (and will probably continue into the future). Ex.WHEN AND WHY DO WE USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT? The simple present perfect is the tense used when we want to make a connection between the past and the present. There are basically three uses for this tense: 1. Ex. Ex. it? . Has the price gone up? The police have arrested the killer. 3) Continuing situation: To talk about a continuing situation. we only want to know that it took place. We usually use "for" and "since" with this structure. How long have you known Tara? I have lived in Miami for the last five years. How do we make the Present Perfect Simple? Subject I You She/He We Have Auxiliary Verb to have have have has have they Past participle seen eaten been not played done Object the Matrix. I have bought a car. to Rome. We're not interested in when the experience took place. mine. He has been ill for two days.Experience 2.Change 3. football. Have you been there? We have never eaten caviar. 2) Change: To talk about a change in a situation or new information.
i. as in a). THE PRESENT PERFECT VS. have/has + been + -ing b) Adam has been sleeping for two hours. Time expressions with since and for are used with the present perfect progressive. The present perfect progressive expresses the duration (length of time) an activity is in progress. c) and d) have essentially the same meaning.. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: b) Rita has been talking to Josh on the phone for 20 minutes. how long something has continued to the present. PRESENT PERFECT: c) I have lived here for two years. The present perfect is used to express repeated actions in the past.THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE a) I have been studying English at this Form of the present perfect progressive: school since May. . work. live. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: d) I have been living here for two years. Question form: have/has + subject + been + -ing The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress (is happening) right now. Present progressive: e) I am sitting in class right now. The present perfect progressive expresses how long the activity has been in progress. teach) duration can be expressed by either the present perfect or the present perfect progressive. The present perfect progressive is used to express the duration of an activity that is in progress. With some verbs (erg. In b): Their conversation began 20 minutes ago and has continued since that time. It has been in progress for 20 minutes. e. Present perfect progressive: f) I have been sitting in class: since 9 o'clock or for 45 minutes. c) How long have you been studying English here? d) How long has Adam been sleeping? COMPARE e) and e). THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT: a) Rita has talked to Josh on the phone many times. It is still in progress.
(work) 17. (watch) 22. They ____________________________ on the phone for over an hour. (clean) 10. I'm tired. They _____________________________ at that meeting since 8:00. I _____________________________ tennis for three hours. She _________________________ English for over six years. We __________________________ for more than an hour. (play. Kate ____________________________ TV since seven o'clock. (wait) 20. (play) 6. (feel. (work) 24. We ______________________ in class for fifteen minutes now. (study) 13. I _______________________________ well since Monday. I _________________________ a headache since this morning. (play) 18. I __________________________ this hat for quite a few years. I _______________________________ here for almost a year. I ______________________ for two hours. (sit) 21. They _______________________ the house for several hours.Fred _________________ at the supermarket for less than an hour. Samuel _______________________________ for two hours. Lonny ___________________________ tennis for a long time. The team __________________________ on this project since January. My eyes are tired. (rain) 4. not) 16.Distinguishing between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Progressive Use the PRESENT PERFECT or the PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE in the following sentences. (work) 9. (read) 25. Ray _______________ ________the violin since he was ten years old.Ken ____________________________ karate for five years. He ________________ a policeman since he graduated from the university. (have) 19.(work) 7. either may be used without changing the meaning. (talk) 23. It __________________________ since this morning. Mark __________________ for the bus for over twenty minutes. (walk) 12. (play) 14. 1. (have) 3. (live) 8. Lisa ___________________________here since she was born. (be) 11. (be) 15. He ____________________ for the company for less than two weeks. not) . (shop) 2. (study) 5. In some cases. I _______________________ baseball since I was in junior high.
The kids (eat) _____________ pancakes three times this week. not) _____________ for the airport yet. The U. 1. as in a) and c). In a): I finished my work at a specific time in the past (two hours ago).The students (go) _______________ to class a little while ago. (see. Simple Past: The simple past expresses an activity that c) I was in Europe last year/three years go. times) in the past. 8. Use the present perfect or simple past. as in b) and d). 6. In b): I finished my work at a specified time in the past (sometime before now). Exercise: Complete the sentences with words in parentheses. 15. . Present Perfect: b) I have already* finished my work.USING THE SIMPLE PAST VS. years old. He (read) ____________ his mail already. 9. 4. Esther (cook.Mr. Some women argue that they (achieve. not) _______________ political or economic equality with men. 10. 5. 12. * Already has the usual placement as frequency adverbs. 14. Lenny (walk) _____________ four miles so far.S.Other women (work)_____________ for many years for women's rights. 11. occurred at a specific time (or times) in the in 1989/ in 1985 and 1989/when I was ten past. Present Perfect: d) I have been to Europe many times/ The present perfect expresses an activity several times/a couple of times/once/(no that occurred at an unspecified time (or mention of time). Aviles (be) ____________ my doctor for several years. 3. We (build) _____________ our house last year.The Equal Rights Amendment (fail) ____________ to be approved by three votes. 13.Rosa (pick) ___________ some flowers from her garden. THE PRESENT PERFECT Simple Past: a) I finished my work two hours ago. Equal rights (be) ______________ a political issue in American politics for at least 134 years. 7. not) ____________the end of the battle against drugs and crime. 2.They (leave. not) ____________ dinner yet.Women in Norway (vote) _______________ since 1920.
I'll stop at the theater ______________pick up the tickets that you have bought. We went to the hospital to see our friend. Some friends came ______________ visit us last night. 12. Edward left __________ his job a little while ago. He is going to go to Florida _____________ his health. My neighbors are preparing _____ their daughter's graduation. He often waits after class just ___________ talk with the teacher. 10. The short form (to) is more common in every day conversation. He first came to this country _____________ visit his relatives. 17. Examples: Examples: We went to the hospital in order to see I went to the store for some ice cream. 15. . 6. 3. She went to the florist's ______________ buy some flowers. 8. 5. He went to the bank _______________ get some money. 13. She has gone to the store ______________ some computer paper. My parents had to hire someone _______________ fix the roof.EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE Use in order to or to followed by the simple form of the verb to express purpose. We're going to the airport _____________ meet some friends. our friend. 2. Write to or for in the blank. 14. 11. For is used before nouns to express purpose. Felicia went _______________ see her dentist about her toothache. Barbara came __________ get the CDs that you promised to lend her. 16. 4. She went to town ___________________ buy some gas. 1. 7.Martha is coming to our house tonight ___________ dinner. 18. He is coming to the United States just ____________ study English. I have to go to the post office ____________ mail a package. She's shopping for a new stereo. 9.
woman and child needs love. PLURAL VERB (b) My friends live in Boston verb + -s/-es = third person singular in the simple present noun + -s/-es = plural (c) My brother and sister Two or more subjects live in Boston. (m) Growing flowers is her hobby. EXCEPTION: Every and each are always followed immediately by singular nouns. (e) Every man. For example. In (k) and (j): The The books I bought at the subject and verb are separated bookstore by an adjective clause. cat. like cat food. sister and plural verb. (h) The ideas in that book Sometimes a phrase or clause are interesting. in (g) (k) The book I got from my (l) The books I bought at the interrupting prepositional parents was very the bookstore were phrase on political parties does interesting. A gerund used as the subject of the sentence requires a singular verb. In this case. connected by and require a (d) My brother. the verb is singular. (j) My dogs. . (f) Each book and magazine is listed on the catalogue.BASIC SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT SINGULAR VERB (a) My friend lives in Boston. cousin live in Boston. These interrupting (i) My dog. as well as my structures do not affect basic likes cat food. expensive. as well my cats. (g) That book on political parties is interesting. separates a subject from its verb. even though there are two or more nouns connected by and. not change the fact that the verb is must agree with the The subject book. agreement.
2. are) a lot of unemployed people right now. The taxes on his car (is. are) the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. are) mountains. 11. 1. 12. 7. There (is. Both Chapter One and Chapter Two (is. 6. Fifty minutes (is. 5. are) several reasons why I can't come. Half of the food (has. 13. 8. were) eaten by the children before dinner. Neither the President nor the Senators (has. concern) the progress of the peace conference. 18. are) easy. are) high because he lives in the city. are) sitting in that tree. His driver's license (has. 3. make) sense. The Japanese (has. run) the government. Most of the current news on the front pages of both daily newspapers (concerns. have) expired. 20. One of my friends (wants. 19. 9. have) already been eaten. make) him a kind and understanding person. Green Eggs and Ham (is. Sensitivity to other people's feelings (makes. A military regime of high-ranking officers (runs. 16. There (is. January and February (is. 10. have) found a solution. Neither of your arguments (makes. The value of many of these antiques (has. want) to come with us tonight. . 4. A red and yellow bird (is. have) a long and interesting history. have) not been determined. are) the title of a popular children's book. 14. 15. are) usually the coldest months of the year. Half of the candy bars (was. Almost two-thirds of the land on these islands (is.Subject-Verb Agreement: AN EXERCISE Choose the correct word in parentheses. 17.
28. Each of the students (has. like) to go to the zoo. are) in college. were) published in a scientific journal. 19. speak) English quite well. Every man. Anna. What percentage of the earth's surface (is. 5. Some of the cities I would like to visit (is. There (is. agree) on that point. 14. are) broken. The Japanese (has. are) illiterate? The police (is. . My cousin. 17. 2. 1. Why (was. 26. 30. are) located in North America. are) the children's job. were) late today. Japanese (is. are) very difficult for English speakers to learn. 10. 18. 9. were) Susan and Alex late this morning? Cattle (is. 15. 4. A woman and a child (is. along with my uncle. 11. I've already called them. are) Dan's favorite subject. 12. Where (do. 20. Economics (is. astound) me. The results of the experiment (was. The professor and the students (agrees. Most people (likes. are) protected under the law. have) to have a book. 7. None of the students (was. Washing the dishes (is. Some of the desks in the classroom (is. Some of the furniture in our apartment (is. 29. 6. A number of students in the class (speaks. 8. are) secondhand. does) your parents live? A lot of students (is. 23. (is. have) a long and interesting history. are) Italy.Subject . works) in my grandpa's hardware store. woman and child (is. (work. 22. The extent of Jane's knowledge on various complex subjects (astounds. 27. are) already here. are) coming. One of the countries I'd like to visit (is. 13. are) covered by water? The weather in the southern states (get. as well as her two older sisters. 21. are) sacred in India. 3. gets) very hot in the summer.Verb Agreement: More Practice Choose the correct answer between those in the parentheses. 24. are) Rome and Venice. have) a notebook. are) waiting to see the doctor. 25. 16. The United States (is. What percentage of the people in the world (is. Each student (has. are) some interesting pictures in today's newspapers.
Sometimes the expression of place is omitted when the meaning is clear.SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT: USING EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY SINGULAR VERB (a) Some of the book is good . (informal) In most expressions of quantity. there is called is called a expletive. PLURAL VERB (b) Some of the books are good. The subject follows be when there is is used. (j) None of the boys is here. It introduces the idea that something exists in a particular place. (l) The number of students in the class is fifteen. In very informal spoken English. Subjects with none of are considered singular in formal English. Exception: One of. It has no meaning as a vocabulary word. (i) Every one of my friends is here. each of. some native speakers use the singular verb when the subject is plural but it is not generally considered grammatically correct. subject. (c) There are seven continents. the verb is determined by the noun or pronoun that follow of. It is followed by a plural noun and a plural verb. Informal: There's some books on the shelf. but plural verbs are often used in informal speech. (g) One of my friends if here. (h) Each of my friends is here. SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT: USING THERE + BE (a) There are twenty students in my class. In (m): A number of is an expression of quantity meaning "a lot of". (b) There's a fly in the room. In the structure there + be. (k) None of the boys are here. In (d): The subject is book In (e): The subject is books. pennies are mine. SINGULAR VERB PLURAL VERB (d) There is a book (e) There are on the shelf. In (b): Some of + plural noun = plural verb. (m) A number of the Compare: In (l) The number is the students were late for class. and everyone of takes singular verbs. For example: In (a): Some of + singular noun = singular verb. (e) Two-thirds of the money is (f) Two-thirds of the mine. Pattern: there + be + subject + expression of place. (d) A lot of my friends are here. . (c) A lot of the equipment is new. In (c): The implied expression of place is clearly in the world. some books on the shelf.
there is no final –s or ed. Question Word (a) (b)Where (c) (d) Where (e) (f) Where (g) (h)Where (i) (j)Where (k) (l) Where (m) (n) Where (o) Who (p) Who Helping Subject Verb Does does Do do Did did Is is Have have Can can Will will can she she they they he he he he they they Mary Mary he he Main Verb Rest of Sentence live live? live live? live live? living living? lived lived? live lived? be living be living? lives come? there? there? there? If the verb is in the simple present. If the verb has more than one auxiliary. she. he does. you. we. the same auxiliary is used in the question. A: Does he live in Chicago? B: Yes. If the verb is in the simple past. The verb is in the same form in a question as in a statement. there? there? there? there? there? (q) (r) Where (s) (t) Where Are are Was was they they? Jim Jim? there? there? . is. The main verb in the question is in its simple form. use did. It has the same position as a helping verb. Where does she live? She lives in Chicago. he doesn't. There is no change in the form of the main verb. If the question word is the subject.FORMS OF YES/NO AND INFORMATION QUESTIONS A yes/no question = a question that may be answered by yes or no. were) precedes the subject. do and did are not used. usual question order is not used. An information question = a question that asks for information by using a question word. it) or do (with I. they) in the question. OR No. use does (with he. Question word order = (Question word) + helping verb + main verb Notice that the same subject-verb order is used in both yes/no and information questions. are) and simple past (was. only the first auxiliary precedes the subject. does. Question: Who came? Main verb be in the simple present (am. If the verb has an auxiliary (a helping verb). as in (m) and (n). Statement: Tom came.
I visited the museums. (u) I will never speak to him as long as I live. (w) Every time I see her. (b) After (she had) graduated. NOT a future tense. next. Notice the use of the past perfect and future perfect in the main clause. since until till (p) We stayed there until we finished our work. whenever = every time Adverb clauses can be introduced by the following: first. (t) I will never speak to him so long as I live. (l) By the time he arrived. I say hello. longer (till is generally not used in formal English) (r) As soon as it stops raining. as soon as. (f) When I got there. (v) Whenever I see her. since = from that time to the present In (o): ever adds emphasis Note: The present perfect is used in the main clause. I stood under a tree. ext. as long as = during that time. we will leave. he was talking on the phone. (z) The next time (that) I go to New York. she got a job. (h) When I was in Chicago. A present tense. until. the next time (y) I saw two plays the last time (that) I went to New York. he had already left.. it began to rain. (i) When I see him tomorrow. left. etc.USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW TIME RELATIONSHIPS after* (a) After she graduates. second. we will have already completed before another event. (d) I (had) left before he came. another event happens soon after so long as. once = when one event happens. (c) I will leave before he comes. (n) I haven't seen her since she left this morning. When = at that time Notice the different time relationships expressed by the tenses. as = during that time (k) As I was walking home. she will get a job. . till = to that time and no (q) We stayed there till we finished our work. by the time = one event is (m) By the time he comes. I will ask him. I say hello. we had already left. I the last time went to the opera. is used in an adverb clause of time. it began to rain. (s) Once it stops raining. from beginning to end. as in examples (a) and (c) before* when while as by the time (j ) While I was walking home. (o) I've known her ever since I was a child. time as soon as once so long as as long as whenever every time the first time (x) The first time (that) I went to New York. third. while. last. I'm going to see a ballet. (g) When it began to rain. (e) When I arrived. we will leave.
3. 6. 2. I'll live for a long time. Someone knocked on the door at that moment. 8. I had butterflies in my stomach. He'll remember to take his glasses then. He had written more than 37 plays before then. The weather will get warmer soon. Then we can leave for the theater. I was speechless. 5. Jane has gotten three promotions in the last six months.Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships Combine each pair of sentences using an adverb of time. I immediately knew something was wrong. 1. The singer finished her song. 11. 18. Sam will go to the movies again. The frying pan caught on fire. Immediately before that. 7. I was cooking dinner at the time. I stood up to give my speech. After that. I turned off the lights. Then we will leave. Shakespeare died in 1616. We were sitting down to dinner. . He got homesick. The audience immediately burst into an applause. We have to wait here. My roommate walked into the room yesterday. 10. I left the room. She started working for this company six months ago. 9. 19. Then she moved to the United States. I saw the great pyramids of Egypt in the moonlight. I had gone to bed. Pedro had never heard of Halloween. 17. 16. 13. Tanaka. Marina saw the fire. Marissa will come. 15. Then we can start playing tennis again. Prakash saw a movie made in India. The phone rang. She called the fire department. I'll never forget Mr. 4. Nancy will come. 12. The other passengers will get on the bus. 14. Susan sometimes feels nervous. 20. Then she chews her nails.
Complete these sentences using use(d) plus a suitable verb 1. 7-There_____________________a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago.EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO a) I used to live with my parents. b) Ann used to be afraid of dogs. 10. He_____________ 40 cigarettes a day. Form: used to + the simple form of the verb.He__________________ to bed early but now he goes out in the evening. Question Form: Did + subject + d) Did you use to live in Paris? used to Negative Form: didn't use e) I didn't use to drink coffee at breakfast. 9-She____________________ a lot but she doesn't go away much these days.When we lived in London. 5. but now she likes dogs. 4. We____________in New Jersey. 8.We came to live in California a few years ago. It___________________________ more than an hour. but he doesn't anymore. Now I live in my own apartment. to/never used to f) I never used to drink at breakfast.Jim_______________________ my best friend but we aren't friends anymore.Dennis gave up smoking two years ago.It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road opened. 3. but last year she sold it and bought a car. c) Don used to smoke. 6. we_____________________ to the theater very often. .. but now I always have coffee in the morning. 2-Liz_______________ a motorcycle. Used to expresses a past situation or habit that no longer exists in the present.I rarely eat ice cream now but I____________________it when I was a child.
2. He's going to be late. 2. (about to v) We're about to start. To make predictions about the future. (v) I start work on Monday. (be v + ing) We're going home at 5 o'clock. WILL is used mainly in two ways. (will be v + ing) I'll be coming back in a few minutes Will you be going past the post office when you go home? 5. This is most commonly seen in IFTHEN clauses. the boat will leave on Friday. The prime minister is to attend the summit in Halifax next week. I will do that for you. (going to) I'm going to try again next week. I'm about to leave. Meanings 1. To make OFFERS to help someone. (be to v) The president is to visit Japan in November. 6. the disk will be erased. 3. I am going to leave on Friday. Examples 1. I'm about to switch this off. I'll be leaving on Friday. 5. President Obama is to leave on Friday. 6. I'm taking a test this afternoon. 4. . (Will) If you click here. I leave on Friday.Seven Ways to Express the Future in English If the weather is good. 1. 2. 1. The conference ends on Friday 7. I'm leaving on Friday. 4. 3.
4. It has no special feelings or nuances attached. BE V + ing is the most neutral way to express the future in spoken English. It can also be used to express future events which you are quite certain will happen. . It means that something will happen without delay. (Note: NOT about to has a completely different meaning. This is stronger than a prediction. It carries the nuance that something will happen before the stated event. 3. BE to V is a formal expression used to refer to events involving important people. 7. Note: WILL is not usually used to express your will or intention in spoken English!!! 2. WILL BE V + ing refers to the delayed future. ABOUT TO V refers to the immediate future. V alone refers to fixed or scheduled events in the future. These events are not usually under your control. It is often seen in news reports. BE + GOING TO is used to express your will or intention.) 6. 5.3. In written English WILL may be substituted.
they CANNOT be omitted. He lives next door. and that all refer to a thing (the river). When which and that are used as the subject of an adjective clause. In addition to whom. That can refer to either people or things. which that O S V e) The books. c) The river that flows through town is polluted. is polluted. as in e) and f). were expensive. which. e). It flows through town. which that b) The river. as in g). . e). that A subject pronoun cannot be omitted: S V Incorrect: The man lives next to me is b) The man who lives next to me is friendly. S V O d) The man was friendly. An object pronoun can be omitted from the adjective clause. c) The man that lives next to me is friendly.USING WHO. f) The books that I bought were expensive. friendly. AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S V In addition to who. who b) and c) have the same meaning. we can change it to which or that. which I bought. b) and c) have the same meaning. Correct: The man who/that lives next to is friendly. g) The books I bought were expensive. USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S a) The river is polluted. WHOM. f) The man that I met was friendly. S V O d) The books were expensive. e) and f) have the same meaning. I met him. the subject of an adjective clause. Who and whom refer to people. whom that O S V e) The man whom I met was friendly. I bought them. Which refers to things. we can use that as the object in an adjective clause. An object pronoun can be omitted from an adjective clause. g) The man I met was friendly. which flows through town. f) and g) have the same meaning. In a): To make an adjective clause. It. Which or that can be used as an object in an adjective clause. we can use that as a) The man is friendly. f) and g) have the same meaning.
I like to be around people ________________________________________ 15.ABOUT YOU – ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Fill in the blanks with an adjective clause. I have never met a person _____________________________________ 12. I don't like teachers ____________________________________________________ 6. I can't understand people _______________________________________ 13. I was born at a time _____________________________________________ 18. I like to have neighbors ________________________________________________ 9. I don't like movies _____________________________________________________ 4.I don't like apartments ________________________________________________ 3. Discuss your answers with your partner. 1. I like movies _________________________________________________________ 5. I don't like teenagers ___________________________________________________ 8. I don't like to have neighbors __________________________________________ 10. I don't like people _____________________________________________________ 2. but do something else. Example: I don't like people who say one thing. I like teachers ________________________________________________________ 7. I once had a car ____ ____________________________________________ 11. I have a good friend _____________________________________________ . I feel most happy ________________________________________________ 20. I like places ____________________________________________________ 17. I like classes ____________________________________________________ 14. A good friend is a person ________________________________________ 16. I like to receive mail _____________________________________________ 19.
I (send) them to boarding school. you (buy) me those diamonds. Where (you go) if you (need) to buy a picture frame? (you mind) if I (go) first? . 2. 15. If you really (love) me. What (you do) if you (win) the lottery. B.If: Special Tense Use With if. 6. 11. 13. I (make) a cake. I (show) you how to play. 14. I (go) around and find him. Main Clause: Would……. 9. If (be not) so cold. 7. 10. 12. I'm sure Carmen (help) you if you (ask) her. If I (have) children like hers. If I (know) his address. 8. If I (have) the keys. 4. I (tidy) up the garden. It (be) a pity if Andy (not get) the job. The kitchen (look) better if we (have) red curtains. 1. when we talk about present or future unreal situations. It (be) quicker if you (use) a computer. If we (have) some eggs. Put in the correct verb forms. 5. if she had a car. if you lost your job. I would tell you her name She'd be perfectly happy What would you do If-Clause Past Tense if I knew it. we can use would and past tenses to "distance" our language from reality. I (be) sorry if we (not see) her again. I (show) you the cellar. 3. If you (not be) so busy.
The news surprises us. Bob will mail the letter Bob is going to mail the letters. Form of all passive verbs: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE BE can be in any of its forms: am. THE PAST PARTICIPLE follows BE. was. etc. Bob has mailed the letter. mailed. S V O (d) Bob mailed the package. I am surprised by the news. The news surprises Sam. S V "by-phrase" The package was mailed by Bob. Bob has mailed the letters. (h) PASSIVE: This class will be taught by Mr. In (d): the subject of an active sentence is the object of the "by-phrase" in a passive sentence. TENSE FORMS OF PASSIVE VERBS Notice that all the passive verbs are formed with BE + PAST PARTICIPLE TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE SIMPLE PRESENT The news surprise me. For regular verbs. S V "by-phrase" The package was mailed by Bob. Sam is surprised by the news. (f) PASSIVE: Our homework is corrected by the teacher. The letter has been mailed by Bob. I was surprised by the news. the participle ends in –ed (erg. The letters have been mailed by Bob. We are surprised by the news. The letter is going to be mailed by bob. SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT The news surprised me. (a) and (b) have the same meaning. (g) ACTIVE: Mr. svo (c) Bob mailed the package. will be. g.ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES (a) ACTIVE: Bob mailed the package. has been. is are. We were surprised by the news. (e) ACTIVE: The teacher corrects our homework. FUTURE . The letter will be mailed by Bob. In (c): The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence. Lee will teach this class. (b) PASSIVE: The package was mailed by Bob. Some past participles are irregular (e. Lee. were. corrected). taught). The news surprised us. have been.
he/she's/ and his/her. he will probably be asked to resign. • I regret to inform you that your file has been misplaced (by me!). #3 When the identity of the actor is irrelevant and you simply want to omit it. Nevertheless. (active) #2 When the identity of the actor is the punch of the sentence and you want to place it at the end. • An applicant must file his/her application with the personnel office. • Smith knows the workings of the department. •I regret to inform you that I misplaced your file. . •The ad campaign was created late last summer. #4 When the identity of the actor is unknown •The files were mysteriously destroyed. • An application must be filed with the personnel office. • The president of the United States hid the tapes. #7 When the recipient of the action is the focus. (passive) Here are seven situations when one prefers the passive voice. •The tapes were hidden by the president of the United States. Somebody mysteriously destroyed the files #5 When you want to hide the identity of the actor. #6 When you want to avoid sexist language and those horrible he/she.USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE #1 When you are generalizing and want to avoid overusing the pronoun one. Example: Here are seven situations when the passive voice is preferred. • The marketing department created the ad campaign late last summer.
4. Yesterday I (heard / was heard) about Margaret's divorce. 19. 16. Green (has been teaching / has been taught) at the university since 1989. A prize (will be given / will be giving) to whoever solves this equation.000 people every day. 6. Everybody (shocked / was shocked) by the terrible news yesterday. The garbage (won't collect / won't be collected) tomorrow. 12. Our mail (delivers / is delivered) before noon every day. Our plan (is being considered / is considered) by the members of the committee. The secretary (introduced / was introduced) to her new boss yesterday. 7.ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE – AN EXERCISE Directions: Select the correct voice between the choices provided. 15. 13. 5. When the manager arrived. 1. A new book (will publish / will be published) by that company next year. 10. He (remembers / is remembered) the girl's name now. the problem (had already been solved / had already solved). He (was holding / was held) responsible for the accident. A bad accident (happened / was happened) on I-95 yesterday. Over 100.Not much (has been said / has said) about the accident since then.000 people (attended / was attended) the soccer game yesterday.The morning paper (reads / is read) by over 200. Mr. Last night my favorite TV program (interrupted / was interrupted) by a power outage. 9. 11. That one (wrote / was written) by Abdullah. A bicyclist (hit / was hit) by a taxi in front of the post office. Roberto (wrote / was written) this composition last week. 20. 8. 17. 3. 2. What (happened / was happened) to the taxi driver? 18. 14. The sanitation workers are on strike. .
how my day was. how many people there are in Miami. how much money you will need. where I bought my socks. whether the film was good. how long the room is. The students then arrange themselves in their circles so that the outside faces inward and the inside faces outward. if I will lend you $100. etc. how my classes are going. where the black/whiteboard is. how well can I draw. how big the room is. why I am not wearing a hat. what my nationality is. when I arrived at school. what the film was like. how long it takes me to get home. whether I have ever been abroad. how I can get to the supermarket. cricket or football season begins. what color my car is. what a crocodile looks like. if the mail has arrived. Teacher or pair student says: Ask me…… what my name is. how many cups of coffee I have each day. who my favorite movie star is. what to do next. how long I have lived there. what I saw at the cinema last night. what Tatiana's address is. the circles rotate: Outside moves left. inside moves right or both move right two places. how many legs the table has. what my favorite film is. what time it is. whether I am going on vacation this summer. how many people there are in the room.00 when the baseball. how I make momos.WH. how to spell the word "irresistible". how wide the room is. how high the ceiling is. At a signal from the teacher. how big Paris is. whether I like swimming. where to find an ATM. how far/close my house is. how much money I can lend you. how much a packet of cigarettes costs. . one half designated as the "outside" the circle and the other "inside" the circle. why I can't speak Russian. when to leave to catch the bus. The teacher remains in the center so that he/she can listen to several pairs at once. where I live. what size the room is. if I am well. what "ameliorate" means.Question Practice Split the class into two teams. where to buy sugar. when Mohammed Gandhi was born. The students then start practicing the questions below.
2-There _______________________ many creatures to see in the zoo.THERE IS OR THERE ARE? Use there is for singular nouns (one item). 1-There _______________________many animals in the zoo. 11-There __________________ many children. Write is or are in the blanks below. 13-There ___________________ some grass under the tree. 7. 12-There ____________________ birds in the zoo. 16.There __________________ lots of water for the fish. too. . too. 15. 5. 9. 18. too.There ___________________ many people visiting the animals today. 4. 8. 10. Use there are for many items (plural Use there is for non-count items (group nouns) nouns).There ____________________ many sharks in the aquarium.There _____________________ a bird next to the tree.There ______________________ many monkeys in the trees. 20-There ____________________ a cheetah in the savannah. 3-There _______________________ a snake in the window. 17-There _________________ an eel in the aquarium. 14-There ____________________ bananas in the tree with the gorillas.There _______________________ a zebra in the grass.There ______________________ lions in the zoo.There __________________ a rock near the tree. 6-There ______________________ many baby lions near their parents. 19-There ____________________ many creatures to see at the zoo.There _____________________ some water in the lake near the elephants.
She is ____________ funny. She's such a baby. 8. 4. His voice is so pleasant that I could listen to It was such a comfortable bed that I went him all day. 19. She always makes me laugh. 11. Martha is _________ a good cook that she is writing her own cookbook of family recipes. I really wish you wouldn't smoke ________ much! It's destroying your health. . Most students never discuss _________ topics in class. 3. 18. There was __________ little interest in his talk on macroeconomics that the room was half empty by the time he stopped speaking. The movie was _____________ good that I saw it five times. don't drive ________ fast! I'm terrified we're going to have an accident. 7. straight to sleep.Sarah and Ed are _____________ crazy people.Terry speaks English _____________ fluently that I thought he was American. 15. Although much of the audience had never been exposed to ___________ music. Your country is so beautiful. 6.Fred is _________ a clown! He is always telling jokes and making people laugh. 9.USING SO AND SUCH Use so before an adjective (without a noun). they thoroughly enjoyed the performance of the Tibetan folk choir. 20.00 for books for my new Spanish class. I don't know why my professor has to choose _________ expensive books for her course.James has _________ much money that he could actually buy a Ferrari. 1. That takes ________ little time and effort that you might as well do it yourself. Maybe we should try something else. Jerry had never seen ____________ high mountains. How could you say ____________ horrible things about me? 12. She's so babyish. A/an an adverb. I don't know if that is ___________ a good idea. 2. 17. 10. That new song is _________ cool that it hit the top ten within a week of being released. 16. I didn't know you had such nice friends. 13. or Use such before (adjective +) noun. He thought they were spectacular.I had to pay $140. 14. Please. I never know what they are going to do next. 5.She has _________ many hats that she needs two closets to store them all. He is ________ a jerk! He hasn't said a nice thing since he started working here. but I think it is important to teach our children to question the media. comes after such.
I've __________ made the cake for the party. 15. 2. She got here yesterday. still or anymore. Since I started bringing my lunch to work. I started writing a letter to my parents and have not finished it __________________.I haven't eaten lunch ___________________. Is the baby ________________ sleeping? 11. Position: end of sentence YET STILL ANYMORE Note: Already is used in affirmative sentences. f) I lived in Chicago two year ago. Do you ___________________ love me? 10. My sister is here ______________________. 4. Has Rita found a job _____________________? 8. but it may happen in the future.Raju doesn't work there ___________________. before now (up to this time). a past situation has changed. 1. from past to the present without change. d) I could play the piano when Position: mid-sentence. 12. He found a new job. but it has not come yet. The mail still hasn't come. STILL AND ANYMORE ALREADY a) The mail came an hour ago. c) It was cold yesterday It is Idea of still: A situation continues to exist still cold today. Idea of anymore: A past situation does not continue to exist at present. Still is used in either affirmative or negative sentences. 3. We can't go for a walk because it's ___________________ raining. I've read this biology book three times and I ___________ don't understand it. She's __________ studying for it.She hasn't taken the exam ___________. I don't live in Chicago anymore. I'll have another samosa. Anymore has the same meaning as any longer. Position: mid-sentence. yet. YET. before this time. 6.* b) I expected the mail an hour Idea of yet: Something did not happen ago. 7.* I was a child.Thanks for offering the book. 9. I can still play the piano. . 13. e) The mail did not come an hour ago. but I've _____________ read it. I'm ____________ hungry. 14. Exercise: Fill in the blank with already. I've ___________ finished all of my homework. Position: end of sentence. Idea of already: Something happened The mail is already here. 5. but then moved to another city.USING ALREADY. Yet and anymore are used in negative sentences. I don't eat in the cafeteria _______________. before now.
I (set. lays) to the north of Nepal. 10-Mr. 14.Ann (set. 4.Sara is (laying. i. Transitive Tom raised his hand during class. 13-I (lay. I'm laying the book on the desk. Brown (raises. 9-Tibet (lies. lie) down and take a nap. He's lying on his bed. set/sit and lay/lie Raise. she (lays. 6.Rita likes order. they are not followed by an object.Fred (set. they Rise. 1. lays) with you. 5. e. rises) different kinds of flowers. rises).Jan (lied. lie) my keys here a few minutes ago. 15. lie) eggs.The student (raised. set and lay are transitive verbs. 7. sat) at the table for dinner. 16-The fulfillment of your dreams (lies. sit) the dictionary on the desk. 3. lies) her clothes every night. rose) his hand in class. sit and lie are intransitive verbs. sat) the table for dinner. raised) to their feet. Intransitive The sun rises in the east.Fred (set. . 12.Troublesome Verbs Raise/rise. sat) on a chair because she was tired. 11-The students (rose. 2. lying) on the grass. 8-You should (lay.Hot air (raises. I sit in front row. Choose the correct word in parentheses.Hens (lay. are followed by an object. lay) the comb on the dresser. I'll set the book on the table.
15. 13. Robert _________________. Annette likes to _________________ stories about her travels. 6. Dolores ________________ that she felt ill. 9. 7. 4." Say is used for indirect quotations where the person to whom the words are spoken is not mentioned: Harvey said that he could not come tomorrow. Sally always _________________ the truth. Susan ______________ that she could teach me to paint. He ______________ me that Marc was in the hospital. . 10. I ______________ you the car belonged to George. I ________________ the teacher that I already knew how to type." 8." Or "She said she was busy. to tell about something. She _____________ both of us that she was going to get married. 11. he __________________. Tell is used in the following expressions: to tell the truth. Roger ____________ he was busy after class. "It's too early to leave for the theater. 12. "The book is from the library. Andy ___________ he wasn't sick after all and would be coming to dinner. to tell time. She ____________ me a big secret. is often dropped in everyday speech. He ____________ that he always ate lunch in the cafeteria. 1. Write the correct form of say or tell in the blank. 3. to tell a story. to tell a secret. Tell is used for indirect quotations when the person to whom the words are spoken is mentioned: Harvey told me that he could not come tomorrow. "Your computer printout is ready.SAY AND TELL Say is used in direct quotations: Joseph said." Both forms are correct. She ______ her boss she wasn't his slave and quit on the spot.". 2. "I'm sorry I was late. 14. 5. The word that when used to introduce a subordinate clause as in these sentences. We may say." She said to me. "She said that she was busy. to tell a lie.
12. 2. 13.The shape of Thailand is ____________________________ the shape of Italy. A deep pool is ____________________________ a shallow pool. Big is ____________________________________ larger. Write the same as. OR DIFFERENT FROM Read the sentence. Hard tests are ______________________________ difficult tests. 11. 4. Danish is ____________________ to Norwegian. A wrong answer is _______________________ a right answer.Very good is ___________________________ to excellent. 10. 15.SAME AS. 1. 14. 6. .Messy is ___________________________________ sloppy. SIMILAR TO. Brown is _______________________ from green. but butter is ____________________ margarine. 5. A happy person is _______________________________ a sad person. 3. but is ____________________ to red.A hot day is ______________________________ a cold day. Usually is _________________________________ never.Bread is __________________________ lettuce. but English is __________________ from Chinese. Pretty cars are _______________________________ beautiful cars. 7. similar to.The shape of the letter G is ___________________________ the shape of the letter K. or different from on the blank as you find appropriate. 8. 9.
___________________ bread 39._________________ work 11.____________________ birds 7.____________________ homework 32._____________________ effort 28.__________________ mustard 41.____________________ strength 31.____________________ people 6. Read the sentences aloud to your partner.____________________ conversation 34.____________________ sugar 9.____________________ salt 41.____________________ plants 29.___________________ rooms 10 .____________________ smoke 3.____________________ friends 33.___________________ letters 40.___________________ space 5.____________________ seats 36.____________________ rain 21.___________________ snow 19.___________________ news 35.__________________ make-up 44.___________________ jewelry 24.__________________ wind 23.__________________ mail 23-_____________________ coffee 24-_____________________ tea 25._________________ money 20.____________________ apples 4. 1._____________________ trouble 27.__________________ equipment 42.__________________ butter 14._________________ times 18.__________________ exercises 16.__________________ meat 15.__________________ pepper 41.__________________ ink 43._____________________ cups of tea 26.____________________ mistakes 37._________________ cups of coffee 22.TOO MUCH OR TOO MANY?? Make sentences using There is / are too much / many using the following nouns.____________________flowers 30._____________________windows 2.____________________ vegetables 38.___________________ pens .____________________ fruit 8._________________ time 17.__________________ tables 13.__________________ students 12.
While he was making the coffee 5. When he answered the phone 4. 7. we were watching the game. i) the chair broke. When he sat down at his desk. a) his boss was looking at his watch. b) it started to rain. g) it was full. While he was getting out of the shower 3. my friend was driving. When the bus came. While he was having a shower 2. . While he was waiting for the bus 6. While he was sitting on the floor. When it began to rain. Match the two parts of the sentence to show the sequence of the actions. A Disastrous Day Mario had a terrible day yesterday. Note: Use during + a noun phrase: During the meal ……… Use while + a verb phrase: While I was driving to work …. f) the phone rang. e) the toast burned. 10.. d) he slipped on the soap. c) a client came into the office. Use when to indicate a specific time: When the accident happened. it began to rain. Use while to indicate duration. h) it was the wrong number.USING "WHEN' AND "WHILE" WITH THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND THE SIMPLE PAST Use the past continuous and the simple past together to show that one action interrupted another action. While we were watching the game. 9. When he arrived at work. j) it got stuck between floors. 1. While he was riding in the elevator 8.
you just have to be familiar with the collocations. justice. love and money. but usually with different noun collocates (words which are often used together with other words). wrong. while do is often used with words like right. Make is often used with words like peace. Bu both are used in common colloquial expressions and idioms – we "make the beds". but "do the dishes". or do rather than make. harm and so on. These verbs are used in a very similar way. These verbs add the meaning of performing the action which the noun collocate refers to. There are no easy rules for knowing which verb should be used . good. RIGHT COLLOCATES FOR "MAKE" acquisition amendments amends assumptions attractive believe better best capital careers certain change changes checks choices claims clear comparison comparisons concessions conditions contact container contributions decisions discount do ends fast fools forecasts friends good headway judgments known little love matters merry millions mistakes money much nests off out passes payments peace plain profit profits programs progress public reference regulations reparations repayments representations room sacrifices savings sense regulations reparations square straight sure time up use war waves way wills worthwhile recommendations trouble . The following tables show some common collocates for make and do. war.COLLOCATIONS WITH MAKE AND DO It is often confusing why the verb make may be used rather than the verb do.
RIGHT COLLOCATES FOR "DO" away better business chores evil enough hair work chores the shopping good harm homage homework honor jobs exercise housework justice a favor likewise little more most much nothing a report laundry otherwise your best penance right something up with without a course the dishes wrong A number .
3. 10. He finds it easy to _________ promises. All the arrangements for our vacation had been _____________ when the travel agency informed us that they had ________________ a mistake. The company ___________ a lot of business with Japan. 11. After _____________ the beds and ______________ the dishes. 13. 4. you should _____________ a contract with the board of governors. had resisted arrest. Mr. but don't ____________ the advertising. 12. The policeman maintained that the drunken driver had ____________ a u-turn. 2. We _____________ all the components ourselves. 14. You must ___________________ several experiments before _____________ a report.MAKE OR DO EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of make or do (or both!) 1. but ___________ no effort to keep them. I think you've ____________ a mistake. 8. He was operated on a month ago and has now ______________ a full recovery. to ___________ matters worse. To _____________ use of all facilities in the gym. Ann ______________ the shopping and then helped Jeremy _______________ his sums. 5. 6. He has _________________ a very good translation of the original. Archimedes was not the only one to ____________ a great discovery while sitting in a bath. _____________ me a favor and stop ______________ that terrible noise. . Jones succeeded in ___________ an appointment after ____________ several telephone calls. and. 7. 15. 9. You must ___________ the most of the situation and _____________ with what you can find in the apartment.
Phil was not thirsty. he took a nap. Karen is rich. ______________________. ______________________. a)nevertheless b) otherwise c) hence . it has good articles. I like the house ___________________. That house isn't big enough for us. You must buy the tickets. he drank five glasses of water. a) moreover b) thus c) though 10. She's extremely rich. a) Furthermore b) Besides c) Therefore 8.You'd better take a taxi. it's too expensive. _________________________. a) otherwise b) although c) besides 9. The weather was terrible. a) Therefore b) Nonetheless c) Otherwise 7. they failed the course. 1. she's not snobbish. _______________________. I enjoy reading this new magazine. _______________________. a)nevertheless b) unless c) thus 14. a) Therefore b) however c) otherwise 2. we hardly see each other. I decided to go out. we decided to delay our trip. a)Moreover b) Therefore c) Although 12. It was a windy and rainy night. her cousin Kate is poor. _____________________. a) Otherwise b) Hence c) Nevertheless 5. a) however b) therefore c) furthermore 11. _________________________.CONNECTIVES – AN EXERCISE Directions: Select the best transition word or connective to complete each sentence. and __________________. you'll arrive late. Jack wasn't tired. his wife decided to get a job. ____________________. a)Moreover b) Nevertheless c) However 4. a) Consequently b) Furthermore c) Otherwise 3. We live in the same building. _____________________. ________________________. _______________________. The students didn't study. ______________________. a)however b) moreover c) furthermore 6. we won't be able to see the play.The neighborhood isn't very interesting. He didn't earn enough money. a)hence b) however c) otherwise 15. we hope to finish the house remodeling soon. a)furthermore b) hence c) although 13. ________________________. We have plenty of money and workers.
20. I'm meeting her at 3:00pm. 10. 14. You're drive too fast. I'll see you last week. Have you ever in France? 2. I started learning english last june. I buyed this printer in the sales. Variation: Collect a similar number of sentences from your students' writing assignments and write on them board or print them as handouts. I have begun college in 1987 3. You must to drive on the left. 6. but no sheeps. 16.SENTENCE AUCTION This is a fabulous activity to get students to pay attention to the grammar rules you have taught so diligently. Do you have any informations about bus schedules? 18. 5. It's a two-doors car. 17. By 2050 people will have landed on Mars. 11. so they need to be astute buyers and sellers in order to come out the winners. 9. The game is more fun if you are able to print fake money and give the students a specific sum to bet. 19. 15. 1. 13. 4. . The church has offer meals to homeless people. but I have any milk. 8. He asked me where is my mother. Alert the students to the fact that some sentences are perfect gems while others are somewhat defective. I am doctor. 12. The farmer has a lot of calfs. and the people is worried. Everest is biggest mountain in the world. She asked that he drives more slowly. 7. Students determine the value of the sentences based on their beliefs about its correctness. Are you teacher? No. The news are bad. I don't have some sugar. I left school in 1973.
There are two kinds of codes that a writer uses to help you interpret his or her meaning: end marks and internal marks. and emotion.facts. Comma. humor. The Period. Besides expressing mood. The Question Mark. The most common end mark is the period. she is saying that a unit of meaning has been completed.PUNCTUATION MARKS PUNCTUATION: Learning to Interpret the Code Body of English Writing The body language of English writing is punctuation. both send signals of stress. it also signals parallel structures joined by a coordinating conjunction. end marks also signal for a reader the end of a complete thought. Both body language and punctuation are silent. The Quotation Mark. without a strong expression of emotion. quotation marks. and exclamation points. and implied meaning. . It is used to indicate strong emotion or feeling. The question mark indicates that the writer has asked for information. When the writer uses the period. In addition. The Exclamation Point. The comma indicates to the reader that a clause will follow and carry the focus of the sentence. All are used to express mood . It indicates that the writer is quoting from someone else. interrogation. Internal Marks Internal marks are used to show how the author sees the relationship and the weight of ideas within the sentence. emphasis. Thus. and end mark is a signal that separates one unit of meaning from another. End Marks The silent body language of writing uses four codes to express meaning that can not be carried by words: periods. question marks. the comma is used to show the author's perspective and to avoid ambiguities within a sentence.
It could indicate faltering speech. The semicolon is used to connect two independent clauses. . the author uses the colon when the material that follows the colon is the logical explanation of what precedes the colon. The reader who sees a dash has been given a clue that there is an expected shift in the direction of the writing. the writer tells the reader that the formation following the colon is of special importance. Italics. or a new idea interposed in what is being written. Typically.Semicolon. Colon. By using the colon. These two independent clauses could form separate sentences. thus adding emphasis to the word or idea. Dash. the author tells you that there is closer. interdependent relationship between the ideas. summation. Italics are used to focus the reader's attention on something specific. but by joining them together.
and. or. 3. When I went to the store. college is great! Introductory yes or no: No.Parenthetical words. but. long phrases. Coordination: Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction that links two complete sentences. Introductory phrases or clauses: Use a comma after introductory elements such as adverb clauses.THE USES OF THE COMMA The use of the comma is primarily determined by the structure of the sentence. but he can't play the trombone.Contrasting elements 6-Direct quotations 7. napkins and diapers. phrases. Interjection: Wow.) Ex. Prepositional Phrase: During any year in this country alone. interjections. and clauses in a series . . Clauses: Ex.Introductory phrases and clauses 3. Coordinating conjunctions are: for. phrases and clauses 5. yet. I bought some milk. Use commas to separate words. and an introductory yes or no or direct address. Carlos can sing and dance and whistle. we destroy over one million acres of trees. so. Transitional Expression: On the other hand. it is not illegal. Mercedes should have known he was a liar. Direct address: Juana. Commas are used in seven structures. I told you so.Conventional material 1. 1.Coordination 2. Examples: A series of words: American know-how has developed disposable bottles. transitional expressions. 2. nor.Series 4.
A series of phrases: Approved hospitals must provide patients with sanitary surroundings. who conquered most of Europe in the early 1800's. Rodriguez. Parenthetical clause: Napoleon. Parenthetical words. Parenthetical phrase: The smoke. Example: "If you agree. are conscientious enough to use litter baskets and litter barrels. phrases. Units in dates: Ricardo applied for the job on October 2. "we will adjourn the meeting at nine o'clock. however. 2002. grain did not grow. not horror movies. Units in addresses: The letter was addressed to Mr. and with a staff of licensed doctors and nurses. is the site of the Rose Bowl. . A series of clauses: In the summer of 1815. 4. phrases and clauses : Parenthetical elements are words. L. on the other hand. Parenthetical word: Few people. with meals of good nutritional value. Conventional materials: Use commas to set off geographical names and units in dates and addresses. and snow fell in July. Examples: Geographical names: Pasadena." he continued. FL 33176. J. 11011 Southwest 104th Street." 7. had damaged most of the apartment. Example: I thought that you preferred comedies. California. and clauses that are not necessary to the sentence. Use a comma between a direct quotation and the rest of the sentence . Miami. 6. fruit trees did not ripen. March 5. Examples: 5. and accepted it on Friday. Use a comma between contrasting elements in a sentence . defeated Italy by the time he was twenty-six. 2001.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) m) Keep speaking as much English as possible yourself. My students say they don't like to speak English. 4. I've given up! My students are all really shy. 8. Correct mistakes at the end of the activity as a general exercise. Teach your class the language skills that will be helpful for the task at hand. My learners say they don't know how to say anything in English. Focus on fluency instead of on accuracy. so your class can get used to hearing English in the classroom. 2. My students say their friends will laugh at them if they talk. Don't correct all mistakes. 7. Tell your learners WHY it is important to speak English in class. Ask a learner to repeat the instructions for an activity for the rest of the class. Discourage learners from laughing at others by pointing out that making mistakes is part of the learning process in acquiring a second language. My pupils say they just don't understand what they should do in group work. Ask some learners to provide an example for the whole class. 3. My learners say they can't talk because they'll make a lot of mistakes. Repeat the instructions in a different way in case some learners weren't listening or didn't quite understand. Encourage your learners to support each other.WHY STUDENTS DON'T LIKE TO SPEAK IN CLASS TEACHER'S LAMENT: 1. They say they aren't good enough. My class says they don't have anything to say. . Teach learners the necessary language for the activity or revise it as the case might be. 6. Give your students a lot of encouragement and praise. Practice an example with them first. My class just speaks in their native language if they do any group work. 5. Discuss with them why they don't want to speak English in class.
LEVEL 1 Clothing Colors Daily activities Dates Days Directions Drinks Family Food Geography Introductions Money Names Neighborhoods Numbers Occupations Parts of the body times LEVEL 4 Comparison of past/present/future Computers Cross-cultural differences Dating Divorce Education Marriage Nutrition The ageing population Travel Weddings The media (TV. The teacher should select topics of interest to his/her students. newspapers. magazines) Calendars LEVEL 2 Cities Countries Cultures Family life Describing people Entertainment Exercise Health Holidays Housing Materials Restaurants Seasons Shopping Sizes Sports Supermarkets Weather LEVEL 3 Famous people Going places Growing up Making judgments about people Predictions Relationships The working world (jobs) Transportation LEVEL 5 Business ethics Current events Men and women National health issues Smoking Supernatural events Technology today Urban planning LEVEL 6 Generation gap Government Individual versus society Politics Science discoveries War and peace World economy Submitted by Carol Marsh . Actually. radio. Add your ideas to this list. any topic could be used at any level as long as the vocabulary is properly adjusted.DISCUSSION TOPICS BY LEVELS Topics were assigned to levels based on the general difficulty of vocabulary and grammar.
9. 14.________________________________________ is human.________________________________________ to godliness. 3-________________________________________ the doctor away. 17-________________________________________ like success.WISE WORDS Supply the beginning words of each of the following proverbs: 1-________________________________________ to tango. _______________________________________ must come down. 19.________________________________________ saves nine.________________________________________ louder than words. 18. 12-________________________________________ but it pours. 7.________________________________________ like son. 6-________________________________________ loser's weepers. 16-________________________________________ in for a pound. 11-________________________________________ is believing._______________________________________ the mouse will play. 15. 2-________________________________________ killed the cat.________________________________________ those who help themselves. 10. 20.________________________________________ the heart is.________________________________________ is another man's gain. . 4. 5.________________________________________ is golden. 13. 8._______________________________________ loves company.
Hymn 15. Toast 2. Doubt 3. 1. Prayer 26. Salmon 18. SILENT LETTER GAME 1. Ballet Have students play in pairs or groups. Answer 24. Leopard 16. Often 21. Doubt 3. Leopard 16. Gnome 8. Know 12. Toast 2. Mnemonic 14. Teacher dictates the words and the students decide which letter(s) is silent and cross it out or highlight it. Heifer 10. Handsome 5. Know 12. Marijuana 11. Tableaux 25. Island 20. Salmon 18. Ballet . Gnome 8. Twitched 6. Forecast 19. Half-penny 7. Answer 24. Hymn 15. Mnemonic 14. Build 22. Prayer 26. Teacher dictates the words and the students decide which letter(s) is silent and cross it out or highlight it. Island 20. Forecast 19. Often 21. Psychology 17. Build 22. Indict 4. Handsome 5. Indict 4. Tableaux 25.SILENT LETTER GAME Have students play in pairs or groups. Acquaintance 23. Folk 13. Rhyme 9. Twitched 6. Folk 13. Heifer 10. Rhyme 9. Half-penny 7. Marijuana 11. Psychology 17. Acquaintance 23.
F. 12. It's okay. 13. A coworker asks for your help for a minute. A coworker's father died. It's nice to meet you.. C." You disagree but want to be polite. 5. S. 11. Mr. A coworker invites you out for a drink after work. G. "I think we should have higher taxes. An American at work says. (Some have more than one correct answer. B. M." You disagree and want to be rude. H. I. You don't. You want to discuss something serious with someone 6. this is my wife. A friend/coworker says. O." You agree. Congratulations! T. Excuse me for interrupting. No way. Excuse me. That sounds good. That's a good idea. 3. I'm not crazy about it/that/that idea. A friend says. Ana. 7. Well. 14. N. D. but …. Smith. I can't tonight. You have important information for your boss." You agree. I'm sorry for your loss. too. R. 1. Could you do me a favor? J. A friend asks if you like her new hair color. Sure. E. Can I take a rain check on that? P. A coworker tells every one that she is pregnant. A friend says. 15. Me. "The United States has the best healthcare system in the world. but he is talking to his secretary.SITUATIONS AND THEIR APPROPRIATE RESPONSE What do you think is the best thing to say in these situations? Match the expression with the situation.. 9. Q. K. You say…. Can I talk to you about something for a few minutes? L. I'm not sure I agree with you. but you don't want to be rude. You want to ask the American coworker to explain them. 11. Of course. 10.) A. 2. "I think Pizza Hut is better than Papa John's. You are trying to walk between two people in an aisle at the supermarket. but I'd love to another time. "I just saw on the news that a hurricane is coming to Jacksonville!" You are surprised. I'm so happy for you. A coworker introduces you to another coworker. . 8. "I think we should…. You want to introduce your boss to your wife. You're busy tonight. A friend says. You don't understand the instructions in a book at work. 4.
.. AN ICEBREAKER Talk to your partner about similarities you might have until you something you both share for each category. We love ____________________________ We hate ___________________________ We have __________________________ We can ____________________________ We can't ____________________________ _____________________________________ makes us happy _____________________________________makes us sad _____________________________________makes us nervous We are afraid of _____________________________________ We think ________________________________ is boring We think ___________________________________ is fun We like to read ________________________________ We like to listen to ______________________________ WE BOTH LOVE.WE BOTH LOVE... AN ICEBREAKER Talk to your partner about similarities you might have until you something you both share for each category. We love ____________________________ We hate ___________________________ We have __________________________ We can ____________________________ We can't ____________________________ _______________________ makes us happy _________________________makes us sad ______________________makes us nervous We are afraid of ______________________ We think ___________________ is boring We think ___________________ is fun We like to read _____________________ We like to listen to ______________________ Contributed by Corrie Wiens ...
Dating earliest age blind dates sharing expenses being punctual meeting the parents typical activities curfews Marriage typical age getting engaged marriage ceremonies receptions typical honeymoon destinations .Tying the Knot Discuss the cultural dating and marriage customs of your home country and your own personal feelings concerning them.
fashion Column B COLUMN B 1. books 4. he or she can choose from column B. Draw a two-column table on the board and fill each cell with a one-word topic for the students to talk about. family 2. . gift giving 4.THE GOOD MANNERS GAME Rules: The game can be played in groups or as a whole class activity. at a birthday party THE TWO MINUTE CHALLENGE This is a variation on the dice game above. sports 5. repeat or stop for the two consecutive minutes to encourage extemporaneous speaking. age and speaking level. at a picnic Make sure and select topics that are suitable to your students' interests. in class 5. work 3. on the bus 6. at a funeral 5. music 5. dating 1. at a wedding 2. Student rolls a dice and must talk about the topic designated for the number shown on the die's face. at the dinner table 6. religion 2. Set the timer for two minutes and have the student speak trying not to hesitate. school 6. If a student gets the same number twice. in the store 4. at a bachelor's party 2. on the telephone 3. food 6. travel 4. as a house guest 3. Tell the class what the etiquette is in your country for each of these situations: COLUMN A 1. Here's an example of what your table could look like: Column A 1. technology 3. A student rolls the die first and must speak about the topic indicated by the number on the die's face.
Have them sign your paper.haven't cleaned the inside of an oven ___________________________ 3.haven't washed a car ___________________________ 9.haven't hiked in the mountains___________________________ 6.haven't waited for the bus ___________________________ 7.haven't changed a baby's diaper ___________________________ 12.haven't played in the snow ___________________________ 15.haven't played a musical instrument___________________________ 4.haven't walked on a beach ___________________________ 5.haven't caught a fish___________________________ 13.haven't talked to the school principal ___________________________ 14.haven't worried about a test _______ .THINGS PEOPLE HAVEN'T DONE Find people who have not done these things.haven't used a typewriter ___________________________ 10.haven't painted a picture ___________________________ 8.haven't fixed a bicycle ___________________________ 11. 1.haven't worked on a farm___________________________ 2.
discuss: the reasons people get cosmetic surgery the most common types of cosmetic surgery in your country celebrities you know of that have had cosmetic surgery friends. family.Cosmetic Surgery With your partner(s). or acquaintances you know that have had something done your personal feelings towards cosmetic surgery whether or not you would ever consider one of these procedures under what conditions you might let one of your children have cosmetic surgery whether or not you feel people are too concerned about physical appearance these days how you might feel if your future or present spouse decided that he or she wanted to have cosmetic surgery .
You had better + simple form of verb It's time you + simple past Why don't you + simple form of verb Have you thought about… + gerund form of verb You must + simple form of verb Look for photos that illustrate each of these situations and paste the problem on their back. Your son wants to play football. I would…. Is this all right? Find out what your friends think. You want to make sure your children have good manners. What can you do? Ask a friend. What should you do? Ask a friend. Should you let him join the team? Find out what your friends think. but the team practices five nights a week. Your kids think you should give them an allowance. Your son has a stomachache. Your children are "too cool" for you. Teacher circulates making sure students are using the correct modal verbs to offer advice. Ask a friend. Ask your friends for advice. Students walk around with their picture seeking advice from other students. Your daughter wants to become a famous scientist. Ask a friend. You are not sure it's a good idea to take children to religious services. What can you do? Ask a friend. How can you help her succeed? Ask a friend. Congratulations! You've just had a baby girl! How do you decide what to name her? Find out what your friends think.COMPLAINTS AND ADVICE You could + simple form of verb You should + simple form of verb If I were you. You think it's time for your children to help more around the household work. Your 11-year old son wants to have a girlfriend. but you're not sure how much work to give them. . What should you do? Ask a friend. They want to listen to you. Your little girl has a cold.
Your children always get their clothes dirty. but your religion prohibits it.Your son just graduated from high school and he wants to buy a car. Should you say anything? Ask a friend. You want your child to eat well. How should you help him. You can afford to buy him one. You're this child's grandmother and you think her parents are too strict with her. What should you do? Ask a friend. Your son isn't doing well in school. From an activity conducted by Corrie Wiens . You have two sons: one is 9 and the other is 7. What does your friend think you should do? Your children are growing too fast! You don't always have enough money to buy them new clothes. but she is a finicky eater. Your daughter wants to get a tattoo. What should you do? Ask a friend. Should the 9-year-old have the authority to tell the 7-year old what to do? Ask a friend. Where is the best place to raise children? Ask a friend. Ask a friend. Your daughter's teacher says your girl needs to wear shorts for PE(physical education)classes. Should you do it? Ask a friend. Ask a friend for advice. You have just been offered two very good jobs: one in the city and one in the country. Your son never wants to eat what you prepare for him. Ask a friend for advice on how you should respond to her. What can you do? Ask a friend.
what advice would you give him/her?? Is marriage counseling readily available in Kyrgyzstan? Do you think it is truly helpful? .MARRIAGE. in today's modern world. would warrant a divorce? a) wife beating (spouse abuse) b) infidelity c) dishonesty d) alcoholism / other vices e) handicap as a result of an accident / disease after marriage f) spouse away on lengthy trip g) spouse engaging in criminal activity h) unhygienic spouse i) foul-mouthed spouse j) psychologically impaired spouse k) infertility Should you continue a bad marriage for the sake of your children? Do you know anyone who is divorced? How do people treat him/her? If you had a friend who was thinking about getting a divorce. divorce has become an increasingly popular alternative to an unhappy marriage. if any. However. Why do you suppose this is true? Were people happier in past times? Were people less free? Were people's moral values more intact than they are now? Who all suffers as a result of divorce? Should men be obligated to pay alimony (and child support) in the event of a divorce? Does the rising divorce rate have any relationship with the women's equality movement? Does the urbanization of society have any relationship with the rising divorce rate? What conditions. DIVORCE AND CHILDREN In the 'good ole days' people rarely ended their marriage in divorce.
WORD STRESS PATTERN When these two-syllable words are used as nouns. the stress moves to the second syllable. they carry the stress on the prefix. when used as verbs. NOUNS CONduct CONtent CONflict CONtest CONtract CONtrast CONvert DESert INcline INcrease INsert INsult OBject PREsent PROduce PERmit PROgress PROject PROtest REbel REfund REfuse REcord SURvey SUSpect VERBS conDUCT conTENT conFLICT conTEST conTRACT conTRAST conVERT deSERT inCLINE inCREASE inSERT inSULT obJECT preSENT proDUCE perMIT proGRESS proJECT proTEST reBEL reFUND reFUSE reCORD surVEY susPECT .
The way to a man's ________________ is through his _________________. He was talking _________ in _________. I don't believe it. They refused to help us. I'm going to pay through the _______________. but in the end they had a change of ________________. . What he did was quite unjustified. If you need help. This is a very expensive car. He doesn't have a ____________ to stand on. Why are you so quiet? Did the mouse get your _________________? I can't do anything right. I can think of two solutions to your problem. You took the word right out of my ________________. I have to hear it straight through the horse's ______________ He wasn't serious when he said that. let me know and I'll give you a ____________________. I was only pulling your ________________. Fill in the blank with part of the body that best completes the meaning. I didn't mean what I said. We have to learn the words by ______________________. Off the top of my ___________. She is not reliable. The decision is in your _______________________. He just jumped at her ________________. The new manager was given a free ______________ to restructure the company. I don't know why he was so mad. and has a good ______________ for figures. The candidates are __________ in ____________ in the polls. back brain cheek ear eye 1234567891011121314151617181920face foot head hair hand heart leg neck mind mouth nose stomach throat toe tongue He's an accountant.IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND Many idiomatic expressions in the English language refer to parts of the body. Don't put your _____________ in your _________ mouth. I'm all ___________________. I was just going to say that. I'm not going to stick my ____________ out for her. Don't be silly.
11. For the last round. dancer. Variation: After several rounds of this game. poet.A member of the opposite team now comes to the front and starts again. 7. 8. Only the opposite team can provide answers. students can say only one word about the famous person. 5. or have them cut up their own. He or she has only one minute to pull as many slips as possible. writer. 9. 6. the teacher collects the slips that no one was able to identify and puts them back in the bag. 10. Assign a timekeeper or have a timer at hand. have the students mime an action that would be familiar about their famous person.TABOO GAME – FAMOUS PEOPLE Tell your students they're going to play a game based on the well-known game of taboo where they will try to get members of the opposite team to identify a famous person without using his or her name. 1. selects a slip of paper and provides clues about the famous person for the opposite team to guess. Have them fold the slips so the writing cannot be seen. the students will be somewhat familiar with the descriptions for most of the slips. 4.Have students write the name of a famous person in each slip. Writing must be legible. athlete and so on. . film star. The person could be dead or alive. Place all the slips in a plastic bag or container. Divide the class into two teams. Flip a coin to decide what team goes first. politician. therefore.When the minute is over. 3. 2. the student wins a point for his team. A student from that team comes to the front.If someone guesses right.Provide the students with three slips of paper each. and be a singer.
what would you change? 7. living or dead. what are your fears? 15. what's the point of this life? . If you could meet and talk with any person in history.Are you happy being you? 6. Are you worried about your death and your legacy? If yes.GET A LIFE 1. which era would you choose to live in? Which era would you least like to live in? 3. If you could be any person in history. Do you lead an active. which would you choose to be and why? 8. What's the aim of your life? What are you trying to accomplish here on earth? 16. Do you ever wish you were your parent and your parent were you? 9. If you could be one of your siblings. If you could live in any era in history.Is your life routine? Is a routine lifestyle good or bad? 13.If you could change any one thing about your life. What is the purpose of life? 2.What personality type are you? Are you happy being that type? 10. who would you choose to be? 5. Do you believe in reincarnation (the afterlife)? If you do. who would you choose to meet? 4. productive life? 14. Do you ever feel life is passing you by? 12. How old do you think you'll be when you die? 11.
Passionate displays of affection in public. and then whether or not such behavior is considered acceptable in the United States. Dancing with someone of the same sex. Making slurping or smacking noises while eating. Having a cigarette while people around you are eating Cutting in front of people in line. Honking at others while driving. . Spitting on the street or sidewalk. Primping in front of a mirror in a public place. even at the dinner table. Asking about someone's salary. Blowing your nose loudly. Cutting in front of other cars in traffic. Belching (burping) in a public place. Motioning for someone to come with your index finger.S. Using a toothpick in a public place. Asking about a person's marital status. Reaching across the table for something you need. Behavior Asking an adult's age. Decide whether or not such behavior is considered acceptable in Kyrgyzstan. Licking one's fingers after eating. Prolonged physical contact with someone of the same sex. Kyrgyzstan The U. Eating rapidly while in the company of others.GOOD MANNERS Discuss the following forms of behavior.
5. 17.SCATTERGORIES Tell your students that either in pairs or groups they're going to put together a list of all vocabulary items they can think of under any of the following categories according to the letter of the alphabet you choose. 12. After five minutes. 2. 9. 20. 14. 16. 21. Junk food Article of clothing Dessert Something you fold A tool An item in your purse or wallet An ice cream flavor Something with balls A stone or gem Something with windows A spice or herb A leisure activity Something with a tail A piece of sports equipment A place to go on a date A kind of candy A kind of footwear A part of the body A household chore A body of water A flower A personality trait An occupation/job Something that grows An insect . 4. 3. 13. 8. 7. Allow students to choose the next category and letter for the game to continue. 11. 6. 15. Review the list together with the class to make sure everyone agrees. 10. 19. 23. 22. 24. the pair or group with the longest list wins. 18. 1. 25.
Lifeguard on duty.How would you like the money? 22. 23.We have a new roller coaster. You need a new battery.Tickets.Is that collect or person-to-person? 7. please. ….And now.Your lifeline is very long. please.The maternity ward is on the 7th floor.Would you like me to take those to your room? 13. deep dish with extra cheese? 12. please.00 a day with unlimited mileage. 2. 26.PHRASES AND PLACES Present the students with a list of places in one column and a list of phrases on the other and have them make the appropriate match.Let's begin with the 4th measure after the refrain. 18. 8. the nominees for the best screen play.I have to give you a ticket for making an illegal right turn. 3. 16.It's a par five with a dog leg on the final stretch. s) amusement park . O-70. 5. 11.The express for Boston leaves from platform 2 at 8:45. 4.Would the defendant please approach the bench. Variation: Here is an interesting listening activity for your students.A little off the back and a trim around the ears. As you dictate the different phrases. 10.Fasten your seat belts. PHRASES: 1-You have a cavity.Can you stop on the corner? 24. 9. 20.Light on the starch. 15.That's an 18-inch.Rare. medium or well done? PLACES: a) dry cleaners b) pizza parlor c) golf course d) train station e) rent-a-car office f) phone booth g) fortune teller h) watch shop i) mechanic shop j) bingo hall k) hotel lobby l) music class m) swimming pool n) dental office 0) barber shop p) courthouse q) hospital r) city street t) academy award u) in a restaurant v) in a bar/pub w) at the bank x) in a plane y) theater z) in a taxi 19.It's losing time. 6.B-7.That's $35. 25. 17.Last order. 14. Ferris wheel and … 21. Print the names of places on individual cards and distribute them to the students.Looks like you need a new fan belt. students stand up and read their cards. N-44.
or do you prefer to pick things out for yourself? . or are you often content to simply buy things and take a chance? Do you feel that you usually dress conservatively. or do you feel that it is just a waste of time? What are the advantages and disadvantages of owning a credit card? Do you usually "charge it" or "pay cash" while shopping? When shopping for clothes. do you prefer someone that dresses sharply and stylishly. or do you often have problems with size. daring. or are you one to try out new. or someone with a more casual look? What are the best gifts for members of the opposite sex? Do you enjoy receiving clothes as gifts.Shop till you drop How often do you go out shopping? Where do you usually go? Do you enjoy haggling over prices? Do you often go window shopping. do you usually find it easy to find something that you like. style. and unconventional styles? Concerning members of the opposite sex. and etcetera? Do you find it necessary to try things on.
the students swap papers with a classmates and count the correct items obtained. Spelling and capitalization rules must be observed. Teachers should feel free to substitute and/or add to the listings here to make it specific for their group level and local culture. PEOPLE Winston Churchill Mikhail Gorbachev Ataturk William Shakespeare Mark Twain Miguel de Cervantes Michael Jordan Muhammad Ali Pele John Lennon Madonna KISS George Washington Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Harrison Ford Jane Fonda Ronald Reagan Marilyn Monroe Marlon Brando Charlie Chaplin nurse lawyer surgeon sister aunt friend doctor judge accountant brother parent nephew PLACES Mount Everest Kilimanjaro The Matterhorn supermarket shoe store pharmacy/chemist mountain valley plain Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Red Sea Sicily Madagascar Corsica Mississippi River The Thames Volga River Pacific Ocean Mediterranean Sea Arctic Ocean China New Zealand Zimbabwe Rome Cairo Istanbul Russia Poland Albania London Berlin Buenos Aires THINGS shirt jacket vest computer filing cabinet pencil sharpener basketball baseball glove ski pole refrigerator DVD player vacuum cleaner bus motorcycle jet ski knife measuring cup spatula TV dishwasher coffeemaker pen wastebasket pointer bed dresser bathtub desk eraser index card sofa curtain carpet . PLACES OR THINGS This is a dictation exercise for the students to listen to the items be called and then place them into one of the three categories listed. When the dictation is done. A small prize can be given with to the student with the highest score.PEOPLE. Items should be called at random.
TIME When is your birthday? What is your favorite time of day? What time do you usually get up? When do you eat breakfast? What do you usually eat? When do you normally eat lunch? What do you usually have to eat? What time do you usually go to bed? What is your favorite TV program? When is it on? What do you usually do in your free time? What is your favorite day of the week? Why? What is your favorite month? Why? When was your last vacation? Where did you go? When is your next vacation? Where are you going? .
................................................................................... A blessing in disguise means......... Something that has "no rhyme or reason" is......................................................................................................................... Someone that knows which way the wind is blowing is..... 6.......................Make your speech short and sweet means.................................... Andrew has always being a tower of strength means................. 20.................................. 11................................. 19.Something that is "touch and go" is ............................................ "Let's lend a helping hand" means................. he's lucky to be alive means....................... Easier said than done means....... 13.............. I'm so shocked that I'm at a loss for words means.......... 24............................................. Here is a list of commonly used clichés........................ 3................. 1................... 17...... "I have the privilege of knowing" means.......................................... 2................................................................................. 23.. 12.................................. Someone that needs no introduction means.................................... To be "sadder but wiser" means..... Something that happens in a wink means.......... The table linens show a lot of "wear and tear" means.................................. 10....... 4.....................................................Any port in a storm means.............................................................To beat a retreat means........................... A lifestyle that is "straight and narrow" means... Write your interpretation next to each one.... 7.......................... 8............ 16..........All things being equal.... 21........................... 18....... 25........................................ ....At the crack of dawn means.................................................. Someone that is "willing and ready" is........................................................................................... 22...............................Someone that "rants and rave" is ..................... He is going through the motions means................................. 9.....Someone that is "quick as a flash" is.................................................................... My donation is just a drop in the bucket means......................... 15....................... 14....................................................................... 5......CLICHES A cliché is a phrase that has become overly familiar in its characterization or idea.........................................................................................................................Being in a stew means.......................................................
parent. Are there any traits that you think are typical of Americans? Do you think there are any traits that are typical of people in your country? How would you describe the leader of your country? What are the traits of a good teacher? What would you like to change about yourself? . best friend.Personality Traits easygoing intense independent dependent modest egotistical opinionated open-minded patient impatient sociable unsociable moody good-natured stingy generous unreliable reliable intelligent idiotic practical unrealistic sensitive insensitive lazy hardworking serious witty competent incompetent Which of the above traits best describes you? Which do you have in common with your partner? Which traits would you find in the ideal spouse? Describe the traits of someone you know (e. boyfriend/girlfriend. g. family member).
Are people too materialistic these days? 21. Do you ever give money to people on the street? 19. How much money do you usually carry on you? 2. Have you ever borrowed money from a friend? Did you pay it back? 14. 4. Have you ever loaned money to a friend? Did he/she ever pay it back? 13. Who is the stingiest person you know? The most generous? 17. Do you often use credit cards? 15. Do you feel you are well off? How about your parents? 12. Have you ever given money to charity? 18. Is money the key to happiness? . What is the most expensive thing you have ever bought? 9. Do you generally budget your money well? 8. Have you ever had a coin collection? 11. Are you sometimes tight with your money? 16. Do you have a bank account? 3. What would you do if you won a million dollars? 22.$ $ Money $ $ a piggy bank a gold-digger a miser to loan to gamble to budget to be tight to be stingy to be materialistic to be generous to be well off to be broke 1. Are any of your friends gold-diggers? How about you? 20. Have you ever saved money in a piggy bank? 6. Do you have any foreign money? 10. Do you ever gamble with your money? What is the best way to invest money? 5. Where is the best place to hide money at home? 7.
can sew on a machine___________________________________ 5.can ride a bicycle ___________________________________ 4.can't play the piano___________________________________ 9.can change a tire ___________________________________ 6. Have them sign your paper.can juggle___________________________________ 23.can't type ___________________________________ 20.can't go to the movies on Saturday nights _________________________ 10.can keep a pet at home ___________________________________ 14.THINGS PEOPLE CAN AND CAN'T DO Find people who can and can't do these things.can knit ___________________________________ 25.can milk a cow___________________________________ 22.can't read in a moving car ___________________________________ 18.can swim___________________________________ 15.can sing very well___________________________________ 12.can ice-skate___________________________________ 17.can whistle ___________________________________ 2. 1.can play a musical instrument ___________________________________ 13.can play tennis___________________________________ .can't speak Spanish ___________________________________ 19.can't drive a car___________________________________ 8.can speak three languages ___________________________________ 16.can't stay out past midnight on school nights _______________________ 21.can do a headstand___________________________________ 24.can bake a cherry pie___________________________________ 3.can't whistle ___________________________________ 7.can't eat eggs ___________________________________ 11.
and occupations). their physical appearances. What sort of activities do you enjoy doing with your family? Do you have your own room or do you share a room? Do you often have friends over to your place? Who usually gets up first in your family? Who goes to bed last? What do you think your family members are doing now? Do you or your family practice any particular religion? What are some unusual things about your family? What was your favorite toy as a child? What kind of games did you like to play? Did you ever get into trouble as a child? Were you often punished? Are your parents strict or lenient? Do you think that they are conservative or liberal? Is your mother a good cook? What does she cook best? How often do you help your mother with the housework? Do you think it is easier to be a father or a mother? Is it better to have a working mother or one who stays home with the children? How many children do you want to have? Do you prefer girls or boys? . personalities.THOUGHTS ON FAMILY Describe some of the people in your immediate family (for example.
the instructor asks questions directed at the student Student's comprehension Student's response COMMENTS: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 . Visuals Vocabulary Fluency Sequence Conclusion INTERVIEW 10 After the presentation.SPEECH RUBRIC NAME: ______________________________ STARTING TIME :______________________ DATE: ________________________________ STOPPING TIME: ______________________ GRADING 10 Introduction Name/Topic/Set Pronunciation Voice/Clear/Loud Grammar Structure Knowledge of Topic/Preparation / Ex.
What asks no questions but requires many answers? L.The letter T.O I C U F.What makes people baldheaded? 22. 2.What fruit is mentioned most in history? 15. H.Why do we all go to bed? 13. 24.On what side of the pitcher is the handle? 6.Because it is too far to walk.Because it is round. front of you? 12.The shortest day. D. Q.Why does time fly? 9. 11.What is the best material for a kite? 4.Spell enemy in three letters. G-Make them.What is the hardest thing about learning to ride B.Why are passengers in airplanes so polite to each other? 17.Why do ducks and geese fly north in the springtime? 18. the others are week days.Why is a book like a king? 16. 8. R.F O E nobody likes to lose? 20. V.Why is a jailer like a pianist? 5. E. J. Y.Why can't the world never come to an end? 25.RIDDLES FOR CHILDREN 1. I-A lawsuit. .Because so many are trying to kill it. 19. O.Lack of hair.What four letters would frighten a thief? A-The multiplication table.Dates.It has many pages.What is the best thing to take before singing? 10.Because he fingers the keys. U-The outside.For fear of falling out.Breath N.What is the difference between here and there? X-Fly paper.What room can no one enter? 14.The future W.The pavement.Why can't it rain continually for two days? C.When he runs out of patients. Z.Because there is a night in between.What has a neck but no head? 26.Which is the strongest day of the week? T-Because the bed will not come to us.How can you always have friends? 7.When is a doctor most annoyed? 23. M. but is always in K-A bottle.What is it that you cannot see.On what day of the year do women talk the least? 21.Sunday. P.A mushroom a bicycle? 3.What is that which nobody wishes to have and S.
a photograph 14.Which two words have more than 100 letters in them? 19-Who is the strongest man in the city? 20-Who was the smallest night watchman in history? 1. but can't go down a chimney fast? 4.The traffic cop.Nothing 8. U. ." 5.Where can happiness always be found? 17-Where was Noah when the lights went out? 18.A blackberry 10.S. 15.What gets wetter and wetter the more it dries? 11-What goes from New York City to Boston without moving? 12-What has four wheels and flies? 13. in the dictionary 17. A night watchman who fell asleep on his watch. He can stop a speeding truck with one hand.post office 19. in the dark 18. When it's raining cats and dogs.A. I-95 freeway 12. 20.Don't feed it 3.How can you keep a fish from smelling? 2.What did the big chimney say to the little chimney? 5.What do giraffes have that no other animals in the world have? 6-What do you break when you name it? 7-What does a rich man want that a poor man has? 8-What falls but doesn't break."You are too young to smoke. Night and day (also snow and rain.Cut off its nose 2.What is the worst weather for mice? 15.Silence 7.Baby giraffes 6.What fruit is red when it is green? 10. A garbage truck 13.How can you make a slow horse fast? 3-What can go up a chimney down. and what breaks that doesn't fall? 9.What nail should you never hit with a hammer? 16.A towel 11.) 9.your fingernail 16.What has to be taken before you can receive one? 14.MORE RIDDLES 1. waterfall and a storm breaks. I-95 is a highway running north-south from the Canadian border to Florida.An umbrella 4.
What color is blood? 24.What color are the leaves in a tree? 23.What color is the outside of an eggplant? 20. What color is a carrot? 6.What color is a key? 13.QUESTIONS ABOUT COLORS 1.What color is the inside of a lemon? 27.What color is broccoli? 22.What color is the outside of a potato? .What color is the outside of a lime? 25.What color is the sun? 15. What color is the sky on a beautiful day? 2. What color is the inside of an orange? 4.What color is a zebra? 19.What color is the inside of a lemon? 14.What color is the inside of a coconut? 12. What color is cotton? 3.What color is the inside of a strawberry? 18. What color is a dollar? 8.What color is the outside of a watermelon? 30. What color is good for a baby girl's dress? 5. What color is a cloud just before a bad storm? 10.What color is the sky at night? 28.What color is a pepper? 16. What colors are the three lights in a traffic signal? The top light is _____The middle light is ______The bottom light is _____ 7.What color is the inside of a watermelon? 29.What color is celery? 11.What color is the American flag? 26.What color is an elephant? 17.What color is the skin of a person who goes to the beach a lot? 21. What color is the inside of an apple? 9.
PAINTING WITH WORDS BLACK charcoal ebony off black BLUE aquamarine cobalt blue lapis navy blue royal blue sapphire blue turquoise GREEN apple green green hazel hunter green emerald green lime green jade olive green mint moss green teal PINK cerise raspberry rose RED cranberry cherry garnet red ruby red russet COFFEE ash camel cream Carmelite chestnut ecru khaki sandstone tan taupe ORANGE coral peach PURPLE amethyst burgundy fuchsia lavender lilac magenta mauve plum wine WHITE ivory oyster METALLIC COLORS YELLOW gold lemon yellow yellow brass bronze gold pewter silver .
LIVING IN THE PAST What did you do yesterday? What did you do on your last birthday? When was the last time you got some exercise? When was the last time you drank too much? When was the last time you saw your parents? When was the last time you gave someone a gift? When was the last time you won something? What did you do Saturday night? What did you do last New Year's Eve? When was the last time you went out dancing? When was the last time you ate out? When was the last time you received a gift? When was the last time you got really sick? When was the last time you attended a wedding? .
There should be some discussion as students realize that they have written different words that sound the same.HOMOPHONES – A DICTATION EXERCISE Tell the students that you will be dictating twenty words and for them to write what they hear. have them pair up with another student to see if they wrote down the same words. Have a different student come up to the board and write his/her version of each word. Once the students write down their words. Below is a list of homophones that can be used for the dictation and further discussion. Word see sword hi weather dye not mind some road toes bite hear none piece board which whale heel air blew vain band dough role Homophone sea soared high whether die knot mined sum rowed tows byte here nun peace bore witch wail heal / he'll heir blue vein banned doe roll Word pull steel cereal mist higher site wood heard be / B soul bear bread groan break scent / cent passed so / sow route brake read main haul idle mined Homophone pool steal serial missed hire sight would herd bee sole bare bred grown brake sent past sew root break red mane hall idol mind . Ask the class to come up with a different word that sounds the same.
LIKES AND DISLIKES FOOD: What kind of food does your partner like? What kind of food doesn't s/he like? DRINK: What does your partner like to drink? What doesn't s/he like to drink? SMOKING: Does your partner like to smoke? What kind of cigarettes does s/he like? BOOKS: Does your partner like to read? What kind of books? (mysteries. classical.) Who is his/her favorite author? MUSIC: Does your partner like listening to music? What kind? (pop. historical novels. cartoons. documentaries) SPORTS: Does your partner like sports? What kind? Which sport does s/he find boring? Who is his/her favorite athlete? PASTIMES: What does your partner like to do in his/her free time? Can s/he play a musical instrument? Does s/he have a hobby? VACATIONS: Where does your partner like to go on vacation? What does s/he like to do there? Where would s/he like to go in the future? Why? . kung fu.. dramas. heavy metal.. actionadventure. alternative. game shows.. soap operas..) Who is her/his favorite actor? Favorite actress? TELEVISION: Does your partner like to watch television? What kind of programs does s/he like? (news. rap. science fiction. comedies..) What kind of music does s/he hate? Who is his/her favorite singer/band? MOVIES: Does your partner enjoy watching movies? What kind? (comedies.. new age. romantic. sci-fi. non-fiction.
J.Birthday party 2. they need to decide what needs to be done and in what order. balloons. co-workers) How many guests can you accommodate? Are you going to mail the invitations or call your guests? Where will the party be held? (Home.J.? Will you need to rent any special equipment? (Tables. sit-down. gazebo. flowers. photographer. buffet) Who is going to decorate the place? (Streamers. they will be organizing a get together for friends. piñata. club. clown. office) What kind of food and beverages are you going to serve? Who is going to prepare the food? (You. serving equipment) Will there be a cake? Who is going to make it? Will there be any games? Who is going to organize them? Are you going to hire a D. store-bought. 1..LET'S HAVE A PARTY Tell the students that as part of a group. relatives and co-workers. In order to insure that the party is a success. classmates. catered. arbor) Will you play music? What kind? Who's going to do it? Will there be any dancing? What kind? Will you hire a D. relatives.Dinner party Some things to consider: When are you going to have the party? (Day and time) Who is going to be invited? (Friends. stripper. magician. beach. or videographer? Are you going to offer presents? Will guests be bringing gifts? Where will they placed? Is anyone going to offer a toast? Will anyone be giving a speech? At what point during the celebration? Who will be responsible for cleaning up? . chairs. restaurant.C. party favors. M.. neighbors. potluck) How will the meal be served? (Cocktail. hall.Shower (wedding) 3-Baby shower 4-Retirement party 5. tablecloths. park.
Have you visited any of these establishments? Why do you think there are so many new jazz bars opening up? What is the attraction to these places? Do you like live performances? Have you been to any concerts? If so. Do you agree that people should boycott music that is offensive in nature? When you were younger what kind of music did you listen to? What singer or group were you crazy about as a teen-ager? Do you like traditional Tajik music? Why or why not? Do you pay much attention to the lyrics or are you more interested in the rhythm and melody when you listen to music? Do you like dance music? Do you ever go to a disco to watch people dance? What kind of English pop songs are you fond of? Do you ever sing them when you go to the singing room? Have you ever heard of Elvis Presley? Can you name one of his songs? How about the Beatles? There has been a sharp increase in the number of jazz bars in Dushanbe.INTO MUSIC What kind of music do you like to listen to? Does your musical taste change depending on your mood? Explain. how was it? What performer or band would you most like to see in concert? What was your impression of the music we just listened to? Could you understand the lyrics? Which song did you like the best? . do you listen to soft music or loud music? Why? Do you ever listen to classical or instrumental music to help you relax? Does music help you mellow out or to alleviate stress? What is your impression of rap music? In America there is a conservative movement that is pushing people to ban rap music because of its violent and sexual lyrics. When you are in a bad mood.
INTERVIEW FORM NAME: __________________________________________ DATE: _____________ Interview your partner to gather this information. Partner's full name: _____________________________________________________ Nickname: ____________________________________________________________ Birth date: _____________________________________________________________ Birthplace: ____________________________________________________________ Favorite book: _________________________________________________________ Favorite magazine: ______________________________________________________ Favorite television show: _________________________________________________ Favorite actor/actress: ____________________________________________________ Favorite singer: _________________________________________________________ Favorite song: __________________________________________________________ Favorite sport: __________________________________________________________ Favorite subject in school: ________________________________________________ Favorite food: __________________________________________________________ Favorite hobbies/pastimes: ________________________________________________ Favorite place: __________________________________________________________ Favorite saying: _________________________________________________________ Ambition in life: ________________________________________________________ Favorite family activity: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ .
sleep all day? 18-…….…….…….... stop talking for a day? 13-……. set fire to your house? 9.…….. and then ask students to imagine under what circumstances they might do it.. steal money? 3.. dye your hair green? 15-……..WHY MIGHT YOU…….……. pretend to be someone else? 5-……. Suggest an unlikely action. eat a piece of paper? 14-…….……. jump off the top of a cliff? 8. cheat in an exam? 10.……. This is a good activity to have students practice the full conditional.……. drive a car on the wrong side of the road? 7-…….. visit the Prime Minister/President? 19. take off your clothes in a public place? 6.. 1..stand on your head? ...……. go to live in another country? 12-…….……. ride an elephant? 17.. refuse to come to this class? 20-……. go and live in a tree? 16... deliberately break a glass? 4. Ex.: Why might you stand on your head? Response: If I were performing in a circus.. jump out of the window? 2-……..……. paint yourself green? 11-…… ..
17. He's really stupid. 2. white green red gray black pink purple blue 1. You're really in the __________ today. Be careful with your opinions. 3. 12. 16. What's the matter? You look sort of _______________ today. 11. We're still in the _________________. I don't think he has much ______________ matter. It was a real ______________-knuckle ride. 14. It takes a long time to get a passport because of all the _____________ tape. Did you see how ____________faced he was? . we're going to paint the town _____________! 19. so I told me boss a ________ lie.IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS USING COLORS Fill in the blank with the appropriate color from the list below. 5.I got an invitation to the dinner out of the __________________. They were _______ with rage when they were told the news. You should have heard how he swore up a ____________ streak. 13. I was so scared that I looked ___________ around the gills. When I told her the news. 9. 4.I was tickled ______________ to find out about the new job. 8. I've never seen you so healthy. I didn't want to go to work today. 15. Our business is going very well. Note that some of the colors may be used more than once. 18.Can you lend me some money? I haven't got a ____________ cent. 20. 6. she was absolutely ____________ with envy. He can't find work because he was ____________balled. His father is a real ___________neck. Tonight. 7. 10. You wouldn't believe all the __________ elephants she has in her house. Your plants are beautiful! You must really have a ___________ thumb.The airplane trip was terrible.
I'm 14. .COMMON COMPARISONS – SIMILES Comparisons are often used in conversations. you're 2.The baby is sleeping. be 3. his face turned 10. b) as cold as ice.Rustam got perfect scores on all his exams.Pablo needs to go on a diet. he's 7. her hands were 12.I can't see without my glasses. he was 4. he was 9-Carlos was so embarrassed when he spilled ink on Tara's shirt. it's 15. h) as fat as a pig.I've heard that joke a hundred times. n) as red as a beet. i) as strong as an ox.Nurkys. 1-You look very sick. f) as hungry as a bear. he's 11.Lidia went out without her gloves. Complete the meaning of the sentence on the right by choosing one of the comparisons on the left.Look at Angela all dressed up in her party dress. e) as white as a ghost. k)as old as the hills.Leo will never change his mind.Javier hadn't eaten all day. I'm 8.Let's ask Raul to help us move this heavy trunk.This bed is very uncomfortable. m) as quiet as a mouse. g) as thin as a rail. d)as proud as a peacock. c)as free as a bird. You've lost so much weight that you're o) as blind as a bat. she looks 5. j) as pretty as a picture. you need to eat more. l) as hard as a rock. it's 6. he's 13-I have no responsibilities today. a) as stubborn as a mule.
Happily 3.Slowly 2. 8.You are eating a very hot curry. ADVERBS OF MANNER: 1. a point is gained for their team.Nervously 4-Heavily 5-Angrily 6-Lovingly 7.MIMES Divide the class into groups or teams.You are waiting for the dentist. 3. 13.You are making a bed. 1. Assign each one of these actions to mime and have the opposite team choose the adverb of manner. The teams can vote on how successfully the representative from each team was in performing the action. 15.You are climbing a tree.You are making a cup of tea. 12.You are acting in a Shakespeare play. The opposite team must guess what the action is. 14. Variation: Assign both the mime and the adverb on a piece of paper.You are trying to catch a mosquito.You are putting on a shirt. 4.You are crossing a very busy road. 5.You are reading a very sad story.Tiredly . 9. 11.You are cleaning a window. 7.You are catching a ball.Sleepily 10. 2. 10.You are changing a baby's diaper. 6.You are watching a comedy on television.You are opening a can.Gently 8-Violently 9. If successful.
I wish I could be like ___________________. 15. 2. 13.I wish there was an electric ________________________________________.I wish I never _________________________________________________. 8. Then I would _________________________________________________________. 12.I wish I could go to ______________________________________________.I wish I could see ___________________ because _____________________.I wish I had enough money to ______________________________________.I wish I could learn _____________________ because __________________. This would be a good law because________________________________. 6-I wish I could forget the time I ________________________________ because __________________________________________________. Complete each sentence with your own words. 16.I wish I had one chance to ____________ .I WISH …………………………………………. 4.I wish I didn't have to ___________________________________________. 7-I wish trees could ______________ because _________________________.I wish there was a law that said ________________________. 1. 18-I wish I could give _______________________________________________.I wish I looked like ______________________________ because _________________________________________________________.I wish I had a million _________________. 20. 17-I wish I could hear _______________________________________________. 3. 14.I wish to be a ______________________ in the future. 19-I wish animals could _______________ because _______________________. 9.I wish I could touch ______________________________________________. 11. This person is special because ________________________________. Then I will __________________________ 5. 10.I wish I had one __________________ because ______________________________________________________.
did you ever have friends spend the night? Did you participate in any sports when you were young? Did you collect anything while growing up? What holiday season was the most special to you when you were growing up? Do you still live with your parents? Would you like to live on your own? .Growing Up Where did you grow up? Did you grow up in the same place that you were born? Did you get along with your brothers and sisters while growing up? Do you still stay in touch with the people you grew up with? How often do you visit them? Were you a good kid or were you a troublemaker in school? Did you ever get punished as a child? Did your parents have a tough time with you as a teenager? Did your parents ever ground you? Did you ever have a curfew? Did both your parents work while you were growing up? Would you raise your children the same way your parents raised you? Do you think it is easier for kids growing up now? What did you want to be when you were young? When did you consider yourself to be "grown up"? Did you have any pets as a child? Did you ever move when you were young? Where did you go for vacation when you were young? Do you remember the first vacation you didn't take with your parents? When you were growing up.
I want my children to think of me as ____________________________. Which of their traits do you already have. and which ones do you want to develop further_________________ . 14. 1. I want to be more knowledgeable about ____________________________________________. The qualities of the person I aspire to become include ____________________________. I would feel great. 13. I wish I understood why ________________________________________________________. I don't know why _____________________________________________________________. 16. If only I could _________________________________________. 15. I feel like my life is meaningful when ___________________________. 11. 2. The types of books I like to read are ____________________________. 4. No matter what. 10. 9. 7. More than anything I want to _________________________________.GETTING TO KNOW YOU Fill in these questions with the first thing that comes to your mind. 12. 6. 5. The person I aspire to be like is ________________________. I plan to __________________________________. I want to be more skillful at ______________________________________________________. Who are three people you most admire? Why? What are their finest traits? __________________________. Ideas about _______________________________________ keep tunneling through my mind. 8. 3. I would like to know how to _____________________________________________________.
What? Where? When? Who? Why? How? What are you going to do after this class? What are you going to do tonight? Who will you be with? Do you have any plans for this weekend? What do you want to do? Imagine your teacher just gave you one million som. What are you going to do with it? Where are you going to go on your next vacation? Who are you going to go with? What are you going to do there? Where are you going to live in the future? Why? What kind of job will you have? When are you going to get married? What kind of person are you going to marry? Are you going to have children? How many do you plan on having? What are you going to do when you get old? Where will you live? What are you going to do on your next birthday? Where are you going to eat for lunch today (tomorrow)? What are you going to have? Do you plan to travel to a foreign country? Which country are you going to travel to? What do you plan to do there? Do you plan to work for a big company or a small one? Why? What will you do if you learn to speak perfect English? .FUTURE PLANS Don't forget follow-up questions .
can name two things found in the kitchen bathroom bedroom ________________ . can name three things worn only by men ___________________________ women_________________________ ____________________________________ 18. knows what you would keep in a wardrobe __________________________________ 2. Knows how many eyes you close when you blink. knows a synonym for unhappy s __________________ start b__________________ depart l__________________ 15.can name two vegetables that begin with 12. can name five things you can drink C_______________ ___________________________________ 3. knows who would use a briefcase a whistle _____________________________ 8. can name two fruits that begin with P ______________________________ 11.knows what animal lives in a kennel a nest 9. 1. __________________________________ 5. can name five wild animals ____________________________________ 16. ______________________________ 7. can name four insects ____________________________________ 17. can think of at least three words that rhyme with buy ___________________________ 10. can name five adjectives that begin with s.knows what you buy at a florist's an ironmonger's __________________________ 6.FIND SOMEONE WHO…. can name five things you can eat ____________________________________ 14. can say which sport uses a racket ____________________________________ 19.knows how many there are in a dozen__________________________ 13. knows the opposite of rich ___________ deep___________ heavy__________ 4.. can name five verbs that begin with t ____________________________________ 20.
Find out if your partner… …is an only child. …can say "I love you" in French. …is a good cook. …is employed. …knows where the teacher was born. …can swim. …likes to eat out. …has a cellular phone. …is married. …takes the bus/trolley/marshrutka to school. . …uses the Internet. …is a good dancer. …has more than six pairs of shoes. …can ski. …likes to travel.
GESTURES AND COMMANDS – BODY LANGUAGE COMMAND Blow a kiss Cross your fingers Cut your eyes at someone Do a curtsy Flutter your eyelids Frown Kneel Make a face Make a wish Place your notebook on your lap Show approval Show disapproval Snap your fingers Squat on the ground Stand on your tiptoes Take a bow Turn around Whistle your favorite song Wink at someone Roll your eyes Shake your fist Stomp your feet Click your tongue MEANING COMMAND Clap your hands Rub your chin Pop your eyes Twiddle your thumbs Shrug your shoulders Pat someone in the back Cup your ears Clench your fist Take an oath Slap both sides of your head Shush someone Indicate there's too much noise Drop your jaw in surprise Demonstrate you're ashamed of something Nod your head Shake your head Silence someone Tell someone to stop doing something Demonstrate you're very nervous Wring your hands Scratch your head rub your palms Drum your fingers MEANING .
Jr.FAMOUS PEOPLE TO TALK ABOUT Students select a famous person to do research about their lives and then present a short talk on it. Patton Charlton Heston Albert Einstein Madonna Winston Churchill Pablo Picasso John F. Kennedy Muhammad Ali Thomas Jefferson Martin Luther King. Napoleon Bonaparte Haile Selaisse Thomas Edison Walt Disney Mahatma Gandhi Elvis Presley Charles de Gaulle Toni Morrison Jean Paul Sartre Mark Twain Leo Tolstoy Woody Allen Gabriel Garcia Marquez Oscar Wilde Fidel Castro Frank Lloyd Wright FAMOUS PERSON Nelson Mandela Ernest Hemingway Charlie Chaplin Eva Peron Abraham Lincoln Pele Carl Sagan John Lennon Alexander Graham Bell Albert Hitchcock Marie Curie Simone de Beauvoir Michelangelo Ernesto "Che" Guevara Hillary Clinton . Teachers should add the names of famous people in their local culture to the list. FAMOUS PERSON Golda Meir George S.
Select those names students are more likely to recognize in their culture. add names from their own countries to make the game more interesting. Batman and Robin Rodgers and Hammerstein Ken and Barbie Jack and Jill Romulus and Remus Simon and Garfunkel Romeo and Juliet Don Quijote and Sancho Panza Adam and Eve Sylvester and Tweedy Bird Beevis and Butthead Ernie and Bert Cain and Abel Ben and Jerry Juan Carlos and Sofia Mickey and Minnie Popeye and Olive Oyl King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Dagwood and Veronica Jekyll and Hyde Anthony and Cleopatra Rocky and Bullwinkle Laurel and Hardy Ozzie and Harriet Amos and Andy Will and Grace Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn Mork and Mindy Lewis and Clark Thelma and Louise Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Lancelot and Guinevere Bonnie and Clyde Hansel and Gretel Dick and Jane Samson and Delilah Flora and Fauna David and Goliath . In addition.FAMOUS PAIRS Write the name of each person on a different slip of paper and have students find their partner for different activities.
Health Consciousness Discuss with your partner(s) the following topics concerning health. whether or not you feel you following a healthy lifestyle whether or not you feel you are physically fit the type of exercise you do on a regular basis whether or not you maintain a balanced diet how often you consider nourishment when choosing something to eat whether or not you eat a lot of junk food whether or not you have a sweet tooth any diets you have ever tried any diet plans you know to be effective whether or not you smoke or have ever smoked the ill effects caused by smoking whether or not you regularly consume alcohol the positive and negative effects of drinking whether or not you have ever been hospitalized any surgery you may have had any scar you may have and the stories behind them any causes of stress in your life methods that effectively alleviate stress any types of illness that run in your family the average life expectancy of men and women in your family the most common types of ailments in Ukrainian society the possible causes of these ailments .
How did you learn to read? 3. Do you read to a daily newspaper? 12.What kinds of books do you like to read? 6. What does someone have to do in order to be a good reader? 5. how do feel about reading? . can you name it or them here. a) How many books would you say you owned? ________________ b) How many books would you say are in your house? ___________ c) How many magazines do you or your family subscribes to? __________ d) How many books would say you've read in the last twelve months? _____ 2. Have you ever reread a book? If so. Why do people read? List as many reasons as you can think of.In general. 8. How do you decide which books to read? 7. Who are your favorite authors? List as many as you'd like. How often do you read at home? 10. 4. I you had to guess…. Do you subscribe to a trade magazine? Which one? 11. 9..READING SURVEY NAME: ___________________________________ DATE: __________________ 1.
.. I WISH I COULD... ...live to be 100. ...... . I REALLY HAVE NO DESIRE TO. ..be sixteen years old again..sleep until noon every day. . . .. .have more patience.have a lot of children.own a Rolls Royce.get married next year..live in a different house. .. . .have a better love life.be incredibly rich.Hopes and Dreams I HOPE TO...be truly free..be a martial arts master......have my own business.... .. .... MY BIG DREAM IS TO. ........have more friends.travel around the world.. .. .be physically fit.be better organized. . ... . .have a satisfying job.be a famous celebrity...have political power..speak fluent English...pass this class. . .have more free time.... . ...... .. .own a motorcycle.be an artist...
TOUR GUIDE Imagine that you have to work out a guided tour for a foreign delegation visiting your country. Explain the significance of each site in order to justify its inclusion on the list a hospital a home for mentally handicapped children a coal mine a nice bar a cemetery an art gallery a botanical garden some examples of modern architecture a shopping center a football stadium a farm a safari park a poor housing area a TV studio a town hall a secondary school a historical museum a medieval castle a university an airport a water reservoir a steel factory a nature reserve a library a nursing home . Unfortunately. the delegation will only be in your area for three days and you cannot show them everything. You want to show them places that you feel will give them a balanced impression of your people and country. From the following list select ten places that the delegation should go and see and put them in order of importance.
It is an offspring's duty to look after his or her parents when they get old. .Children and Parents Young children should be taught to obey their parents without question. especially during one's formative years. Parents should never quarrel in front of their children. Boys and girls should be brought up in the same way—without defined gender roles. Parents should never strike their children. There is nothing strange or irresponsible about electing not to have children after marriage. It is an advantage to be an only child. Adolescents under 18 should have a curfew of no later than midnight. Mothers shouldn't work outside of the house if there are small children to be brought up. Due to concerns about rising birth rates. The best way to punish children is to take away some of their privileges. couples should limit themselves to two children. Most men would prefer to have a son as their first child. Having children out of wedlock is both shameful and immoral.
What sorts of things do women usually talk about among themselves? 6. A man's home is his castle. in what ways are girls and boys expected to act differently? 3. why do you think this is? 5. What kinds of chores are girls generally expected to do and what kind of chores are boys usually expected to do? 4. Do you feel that it is acceptable for a woman to ask a man out on a date? Is this common in Kyrgyz society? Why or why not? 10. Most men never grow up. How has life changed for women since the time of Jane Austin? 2. Men are attracted by what they see. Should married men be expected to help out with domestic chores such as cooking. 12. As children are growing up. Why do you think it is that so many foreign men come to Kyrgyzstan in search of brides? What do they think they can find here that they cannot find at home? What are your feelings about this? .MODERN DAY WOMEN 1. women more by what they hear. cleaning. Give your thoughts on the following: A woman's place is in the home. Do you feel that women always have the same freedoms and opportunities as men in Kyrgyz society? Be sure to consider roles in the following areas: government the work place wages the household 8. Are female students at the university ever asked to do things that male students are not? 9. and changing diapers? 11. What sorts of things do men usually talk about among themselves? 7. Are teenage boys often given more freedom than teenage girls? If so.
___________ 14. I'm walking on air. I feel like a million dollar. I've had the day from hell. ____________ 15. I feel really rough. If he doesn't arrive in time. That's water under the bridge now. He's all bent out of shape. The report put his nose out of joint. She's all ticked off. ____________ 9. ____________ 7. I'm on my last legs. Good mood 2. ____________ 10. __________ 3. 1. Take a look at the sentences below and match them to one of the moods in the box that follows. They are at each other's throat again. 1. __________ 19. ___________ 16. _________ 17. ___________ 6. _____________ 11. I'm on top of the world. _____________ 4. You look like death warmed over. Bad mood 3. _____________ . I'm going to freak out. ______________ 18. ______________ 5. ___________ 8. I haven't got a care in the world. _____________ 13. Friction 4. Sorting things out. _________ 12.EXPRESSING OUR MOODS There many idiomatic expressions in English that are used to indicate how a person is feeling at a particular moment. _______________ 20. I'm on cloud nine. I really blew it this time. They have kissed and made up. _______________ 2. The crowd went ballistics when the concert was canceled. Chill out! It is not so bad after all. We're back on speaking term.
) How much might your parents influence your choice of a marriage partner? What is the best age for marriage? Is there any age when marriage becomes more unlikely? What may be some ideal honeymoon location What factors do you feel might contribute to a long and successful relationship? . At what age (if ever) did you first fall in love? Do you feel that people end up being 'steady' with someone because they tend to see things eye to eye and share common interests. Just for fun. describe your ideal partner. Remember to ask follow-up questions and elaborate on your answers. or do you feel more that opposites attract? What kind of things tend to make people fall out with each other? Is marriage necessary for a happy and fulfilling life? (Consider the pros and cons of being married as opposed to being single.You Can't Live With Them. You Can't Live Without Them Discuss the following with your partners.
What is your favorite way to travel? 4. Name the ways you have not traveled. Would you like to travel to see scenery or famous spots? Explain. 2. Name all the different ways one could travel. 13. "Traveling on foot is exhausting and gets you nowhere. 8. 11. 10." Do you agree or disagree? Explain. What is the worst trip you've ever taken? . If you could go on a holiday (vacation) anywhere in the world. where would you go and why? 3. 15. "Traveling is a pleasure in itself.ALL ABOUT TRAVELING 1. Have you traveled outside of Kyrgyzstan? Where did you go? 14." Do you agree or disagree? Explain. Who do you like to travel with? Why? 12. Do you sunbathe? Why or why not? 5. Would you like to take a vacation lying around on the beach? Why or why not? 6. Air travel is more exciting than sea travel. Do you agree or disagree? Explain. Some women take vacations to lose weight? Would you do this? 7. 9. Have you ever taken a trip to the mountains? How did you get there? Explain what you did that day.
The Best and Worst In your opinion… what was the best movie ever made? what is the worst program currently on television? what is the most difficult part of being a student? what is the best age at which to get married? what is the best job a woman/a man can have? where is the best place to go for a nice meal? what is the most dangerous area of the city? what is the best thing about living in Bishkek? what is the worst thing about living in Bishkek? what is the best way to strike it rich? .
. food. At the end. and sightseeing. The airlines gives you and your partner $200. Your connecting flight departs twelve (12) hours later. tell the class exactly what you did and how much you spent on each part of your tour. decide how you are going to spend the money including how much will go for transportation.00 each to spend as you would like while you tour the city and its major attractions. entertainment. With your partner.A DAY TRIP TO NEW YORK CITY Imagine that you are traveling to Europe and your flight makes a stopover in New York City.
..............was? the best new song of the past year the best movie during the last twelve months the best new fashion of the past year the most important event of this century the worst song of the past ten years the most useful invention of this century the biggest change in Kyrgyzstan this past decade the strangest event of the past year the worst TV program of the past five years the worst place to live in Kyrgyzstan the worst natural disaster that ever happened in Kyrgyzstan the funniest thing that ever happened in this class the best way to get a husband or wife the best way to get rich quick the most serious social problem in Kyrgyzstan today the biggest difference between today's generations the worst experience that you have ever had the most unusual thing that you have ever seen the worst man-made disaster that ever happened in Kyrgyzstan .Best and Worst In your opinion. what was....? What do you think .....
magazines.THE BIRDS AND THE BEES Should sex education be expanded in the schools? Do you believe that government should be allowed to censor the sexual content of books. how much? Should there be special programs on television or radio for people to talk about sexual issues? Will you teach your children the facts of life? If so. how? What would you do if you found sexually explicit magazines hidden away in your teenager's room? What do you think about pre-marital sex? Should people save themselves for marriage? Is this more difficult for young men than it is for women? What do you think about young people's more liberated sexual attitudes? Do you feel that this new attitude could eventually wear away at the traditional morals of Kyrgyz society? Do you think that AIDS will ever become as big of a problem in Kyrgyzstan as it is in some foreign societies? How might this be prevented? . and videos? If so. movies.
Eating Habits (A) How healthy do you consider your diet to be? What do you usually have for breakfast? What did you have for dinner last night? What kinds of food do you try to avoid? Do you consume much junk food? What is your favorite type of ethnic food? Do you consider yourself a good cook? Do you ever indulge in late-night snacks? What food or drink do you consider to be medicinal? Are you big on sweets? What is the most disgusting thing you have seen someone eat? .
milk and dairy products. pasta. or carbohydrates such as bread.Eating Habits (B) Which of the following makes up the biggest part of your diet: meat and poultry. and potatoes? Where do you usually eat lunch? What do you like for a snack? How often do you eat out? How often do you drink beer or wine with your meal? How concerned are you about additives in your food? Do you often overeat? In which ways do you think you could improve your diet? What kind of food might be good for a hangover? What is the hottest and spiciest food you have ever tried? Is there any dish that you have never tried but would like to? . vegetables and fruit.
I__________________________ being the center of attention. I _________________________ having my picture taken. I _________________________ making presentations. I __________________________ traveling to foreign lands. I _________________________ getting up early. I __________________________ going to parties. I _________________________ debating politics. I _________________________ meeting new people. I _________________________ going on blind dates. I _________________________ shooting pool. I _________________________ going to the dentist. I _________________________ getting dressed up. I __________________________ getting my hair cut. I _________________________ visiting museums. I _________________________ cooking for other people. I _________________________ listening to classical music. I _________________________ reading novels. I _________________________ spending time on my own. I _________________________ taking care of children.DOING THINGS Love really enjoy like don't really care for can't stand and hate I _________________________ going out dancing. .
Next. compare and contrast your list with your partner's.I've never …………………………… Place an X next to the sentence that applies to you. () I've Never Been Drunk () I've Never Kissed A Member Of The Opposite Sex () I've Never Kissed A Member Of The Same Sex () I've Never Crashed A Friend's Car () I've Never Gone Past "Second Base" at a movie theater () I've Never Been In A Taxi () I've Never Been In Love ( ) I've never dumped someone ( ) I've Never Been Dumped ( ) I've Never Shoplifted ( ) I've Never Been Fired (just laid off) ( ) I've Never Been In A Fist Fight () I've Never Snuck Out Of My Parent's House ( ) I've Never Been Tied Up () I've Never Regretted Having Sex With Someone ( ) I've Never Been Arrested ( ) I've Never had a one night stand .
( ) I've Never Made Out With A Stranger ( ) I've Never Stolen Something From My Job.do pens count? lol ( ) I've Never Celebrated New Years In Time Square () I've Never Gone On A Blind Date ( ) I've Never Lied To A Friend ( ) I've Never Had A Crush On A Teacher ( ) I've Never Celebrated Mardi-Gras In New Orleans ( ) I've Never Been To Europe ( ) I've Never Skipped School ( ) I've Never Slept With A Co-Worker ( ) I've Never Been Married ( ) I've Never Been Divorced ( ) I've Never Posed Nude ( ) I've Never Thrown Up In A Bar ( ) I've Never Eaten Sushi ( ) I've Never Been Snowboarding .......
Be serious! f. to gorge oneself Whenever they eat. to fool around.to fawn over 9. To harass.to badger 2. e. to bother.to dog 8. to support the weight of. A 1. 6.to rat on 14. they _____ out.to bug 5. to put up with I could not ____________ how she cried so much.to buck 4. i. l. n. to court favor by cringing or flattering manner Women often ___________ over small babies. tamper with I told you not to __________ around today. h. to engage in rough or boisterous play Her mother told her not _________ around any more. j. o. to stretch one's neck out for a better view She had to _______ her neck to see over the crowd. c. d. to report someone's bad behavior. speaking of their deeds. trifle. Match the animal verbs in Column A with their corresponding correct definitions in Column B.ANIMATED ANIMALS In English the names of many animals can also be used as verbs.to squirrel away 15. to frighten with threats. to tolerate. to annoy persistently He used to ________ the teacher to increase his score. g. No manners at all. Don't trust her.to wolf down . to eat greedily.to cow B a. to throw off as a horse might do to a rider They decided to ______ the trend and do it differently. to show affection. to tattle on someone She'll sometimes _____ on her friends. or bully. to sustain.to horse around 10. to treat as an object of great interest or importance We often ______ great heroes. to store up for future use We need to ______ away some money for a rainy day. please don't ________me anymore. talking soothingly. devour Have you ever seen the way he ______ down his food? m.to lionize 11.to pig out 13. to hunt or track like a hound They will ___________ the opposition until they win. He would ______________ his friends. to eat greedily.to crane 7. to worry as if pursued by canines. k. scare. b. to act in a mischievous manner.to bear 3. to move or react jerkily.to monkey around 12. to annoy You're a nuisance.
PARENT POWER WHEN YOU WERE A CHILD: were you sent to bed at a certain time? were you allowed to watch as much TV as you liked? were you made to do your homework every night? were you allowed to eat as many sweets as you liked? were you bought a lot of toys? were you ever smacked? AS A UNIVERSITY STUDENT: are you allowed to wear what you like? are you given a certain time to be in every night? are you allowed to go out as often as you like? are you allowed to use the family car? are you given a large allowance? are you made to help with the housework? .
parents. or any other crazy color? Describe your feelings towards tattoos.)? Do you think behavior has changed in recent generations? Should teens be able to dye their hair blue.ADOLESCENCE Do you think teenagers today show more respect for adults (teachers. Do you think that wearing uniforms to school is a good idea? At what age should young adults leave home? What would you do if your teenage son or daughter shaved his or her head? How common is swearing among young people in Kyrgyz society? What do you think about music videos today? What do you think parents can do to help teenagers avoid depression? Do you believe in anti-depression drugs? Do you think teenagers today have it 'too easy'? Do you have strict or lenient parents? Why do you say that? Do teenagers in your country often problems with drugs or alcohol? What can you do to keep your teenager away from drugs and alcohol? Is teenage suicide a problem? What is the most important thing a parent can do for a teenager? At what age should a teenage girl have her first serious boyfriend? How old were you when you had your first serious relationship? What can society do to help teenagers who have problems at home? Is teenage pregnancy a problem here? Do you think that advertising plays an important role in how teenagers think? Should teenagers work? Why or why not? . etc. green.
A good view from high 3. they went off their diets and pigged out on pizza. 7. Difficult to believe. He has the memory of an elephant! ___________ j) Holy cow! Did you see how fast that horse ran? He won the race by a mile! _______ k) Paul is married and has a girlfriend. ____________ p) Sue is going to tell her boss that she's going to quit. ____ b) Jack was about to marry Jane. Read each sentence and place the number of its appropriate definition on the blank line. Able to remember everything. a) John wasn't surprised at his surprise party. 5. They killed two birds with one stone by working on the project at dinner. ____________ h) The salesman told me that this was the best buy! But I found out I could buy the same thing at a much lower price. By a good margin 14. That's a fishy story! ___________ o) Andrew and Erika were very hungry. I get butterflies in my stomach. Get two things done at 8. Stop annoying me! one time (usually low in too many parties . Someone who attends 15. It's very wet outside. It's raining cats and dogs. I outfoxed him!_____________ i) He recognized it immediately.ANIMAL IDIOMS Here are some common expressions using animals. coke and candy. ________________ n) John told me that he had found three hundred dollars in the street. Don't bug me! _______________ e) When Joe was in college he loved to drink a lot and stay out late at all the parties. What a rat!__________________ l) Jason got an apartment on the thirtieth floor. 10. but I was smarter once 11. _____________ g) Don't forget your umbrella. What a cold fish! _________ d) Will you stop telling me to clean up my room? I heard you the first time. Able to overhear something 9. ___ m) Whenever I have to speak in front of a large crowd of people. ________ c) When I introduced myself to the new student. He was really a party animal! ____________ f) When Beth and Ann spent the weekend together. To get very nervous smart. but they had to finish a project. but at the last minute he chickened out. He was sure he was above 6. pouring 4. because Sue let the cat out of the bag. An unfriendly person. a promiscuous man 13. I'd like to be a fly on the wall when that happens! ____________ Answers: 1. Tell a secret 16. Get scared and change one's mind 12. He has a bird's-eye view of the park. he hardly talked to me. Eat a lot of food at nutrition) 2.
With your partner decide what would happen if these events happened? Also decide whether or not you think it's a good idea or a bad idea. What would happen if the price of gasoline was raised 300%? What would happen if the price of cigarettes was raised 300%? What would happen if all the insects of the world died? What would happen if the polar ice cap melted? What would happen if the all tests were scrapped? What would happen if the drinking age was lowered to 14? What would happen if there was no rain for five years? What would happen if the speed limit was 250 km/h? What would happen if your country had a one-child policy like China? What would happen if college were made free for everybody? What would happen if students elected their teachers? What would happen if aliens landed in your country? What would happen if a mad cow were discovered in your town? . . .What would happen if.
This apartment is small. I really miss my old friends. Do your homework right away when you get home. a) soon b) immediately 12. a) approximately b) exactly 2. If you see a nice shirt on sale you should grab it. Learning a new language is difficult at first. I need a larger apartment. I live right on the corner of Yates and Pine. It's very busy downtown today. a) all the time b) in the beginning 11. a) for a long time b) for now 4. a) acceptable b) unacceptable 3. or will you move next year? a) permanently b) temporarily 6. I hope something opens up soon. but I'll stay here for the time being. . I didn't understand the movie all the way. a) stay awake b) look for 7. but later it is easier. but it's all right. I live close to the bus stop. a) near b) far 5. a) try it on b) buy it 9. Keep your eyes open for a parking space. but at least I understood part of it. a) don't have b) want to see 10. I moved to a new country. This job is not very interesting. 1. a) gets bigger b) becomes available 8.USING IDIOMS Find the correct meaning for each idiom. Are you planning to live in this house for good. Then you can watch TV.
a) at this time b) soon 19. a) get colds b) are cold 17. The show starts at 7:00 sharp. Tickets to the summer blockbuster movies are selling like hotcakes. Everyone is in a hurry. you should take it easy. a) getting b) not getting 22. a) medicine b) examination 23. Julie has a cold. a) do an easy job b) relax and rest 20. When you are tired or sick. a) moving slowly b) moving quickly 15. you should go to the doctor and get a check-up. It should be here by now.a) at the minimum b) all together 13. a) sometimes b) very often 14. In winter many people catch cold. a) exactly b) approximately 24. I may be coming down with the flu. She's under the weather today. It's busy downtown. I don't feel well. a) very fast b) very slowly . The bus is late today. This medicine should help you feel better soon. I like that TV show. a) What's the problem? b) What do you think? 16. a) touch b) recover 18. I watch it all the time. When you are sick. Please don't be late. a) feeling cold b) feeling sick 21. What's the matter? You don't look well.
wear make-up. tanks.CHILDREN AND GROWING UP to be raised to influence co-education to discipline to spank to ground to take lessons the facts of life CONCERNING YOUR CHILDHOOD: Where were you raised? What activities did you enjoy doing with your friends? Did you ever take lessons of any kind? What did you want to be someday? Did you enjoy your elementary/middle/high school days? Did any teacher leave a lasting influence on you? CONCERNING YOUR CHILDREN: How will you discipline your children? Do you feel that it is ever necessary for parents or teachers to physically discipline children? Should children be allowed to play with toy guns. get their ears pierced. etcetera? Should children be permitted to watch as much television as they feel like? Do you believe that high school students should be able to express themselves freely in dress and appearance (for example. knives. or wear their hair as they please)? Do you think you will choose to send your children to a sexually segregated high school or one that is co-educational? Do you feel that teenagers should at some point be taught "the facts of life"? If so. by whom? .
a) perfect b) wrong 4- If you are "cool as cucumber ". it is ___________________. you are _____________________. it is _________________________. a) answers itself b) is difficult to settle 10- If you eat "humble pie" you ___________________________. a) easy b) difficult 12- If your wife says: "We have a bun in the oven". a) act b) think 7- "In a nutshell" means _________________________. a) encourage b) discourage 3- If it's "just your cup of tea". a) the worst 2b) the best To "egg on" means to ______________________________. a) accept shame b) are defensive 11- If something is "a piece of cake". a) in serious trouble b) having a good time 9- "A hot potato" is a question which _____________________. 1The "cream of the crop" means it is_______________________. a) panicked b) cool 5- If you have "your finger in the pie". she is ______________. a) concisely b) it is finished 8- "In the soup" means __________________________. you are ____________ something. select the phrase that has the same meaning.FOOD IDIOMS For each idiom. a) having buns for dinner b) going to have a baby . a) involved b) disinterested 6- "Use your noodle" means _____________________.
VICES SMOKING SLOTHFULNESS GAMBLING GLUTTONY PHILANDERING SUBSTANCE ABUSE Do you have any vices? Do you ever worry about second-hand smoke? Do you think all restaurants should have a non-smoking area? Should smoking be permitted in bathrooms? Do you feel that the government is doing enough to educate people on the dangers of smoking? Have you ever won much money gambling? Do you feel that social gambling is a problem or just a harmless pastime? Should casinos like the one in the Hyatt Hotel be restricted to foreigners or open to Kyrgyz as well? Do you think that public drunkenness is a problem in Kyrgyzstan? Do you feel there is more pressure to drink heavily in Kyrgyzstan than in other societies? Do you ever feel compelled to drink beyond 'your limit'? Have you ever known anyone or seen anyone who did drugs? Do you think that drug abuse will ever be as prevalent and problematic here as it is starting to be in other countries? What are your feelings towards womanizers? Have you ever met anyone (male or female) that you felt to be a real philanderer? How widespread is prostitution in Kyrgyzstan? Do you think it should be eradicated or simply tolerated? How do you feel about the system in The Netherlands where it is both legalized and government controlled? Could such a system work here? What are your thoughts about cabarets? Are they simply establishments for dance and music or are they actually for something more sinister? Should women be allowed such release or should the government crackdown harder on these places of ill-repute? .
Which is most difficult to…………. Which is most difficult to…………. read fake (show) follow acquire or achieve obey keep learn do be accept Once you have answered the questions. Which is most difficult to…………? a) rejection in love? b) loss of possessions through an earthquake? c) never having one's prayers answered? d) death of a close relative or friend? 4. Which is most difficult to………….? a) intelligence? b) interest? c) laughter? d) surprise? .? a) a secret? b) a vow? c) one's health? d) youth? e) principles? 10. prepare to share your preferences.? a) a parent or a child? b) a teacher or a student? c) a man or a woman? 6..DILEMMAS Complete the following questions by choosing one of the verbs in the boxes below. Which is most difficult to……….? a) to give or take? b) to listen or talk? c) to praise or criticize? d) speak in public or confide in private? 7.? a) a newspaper? b) a novel c) poetry? d) a religious text? 8. 1. Which is most difficult to…………. Which is most difficult to………. Which is most difficult to…………? a) to ride a bike? b) to swim? c) to drive? d) to use a computer? 2.? a) friendship or love? b) happiness or wealth? c) intelligence or d) a successful marriage or a successful career? 9.? a) religious laws or state laws? b) your consciousness or your desires? c) your parents or your teachers? 5. Which is most difficult to…………? a) an instruction manual? b) a recipe? c) a road map? d) your teacher's explanation? 3.. Which is most difficult to……….
do you feel one should "play the field". 12. both his/her physical features and personality traits. Would you ever consider dating a foreigner? 8. Describe your ideal man/woman. If your date was late in arriving at your arranged meeting place. At what age do you believe people should start dating? 3. who should pay? 4.Do you feel that a discotheque is a good place to go on a first date? Why or why not? 5. Have you ever been on a blind date? What happened? Do you feel that this is a good way to meet someone? 2. Before getting married. Would you go on a date with someone who is not as educated as you? How about someone from the countryside? 7. or is it better to stay with one steady boyfriend/girlfriend? 11. . Would you ever kiss someone on a first date? 10. Men: Would you go on a date with an older woman? Women: Would you go on a date with a younger man? 6. Describe your idea of a perfect date (give details from beginning to end).Do you prefer to go Dutch? If not.DATING to date to go Dutch to be stood up blind date steady boyfriend/girlfriend personality traits 1. how long would you be willing to wait? What would you do if you were stood up? 9.People in the West generally start dating at a much earlier age than those in the East.
People of different religions should not marry. 13.CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENT / DEBATE TOPICS 1. 7. Cigarette smoking should be banned from all public places.Parents should allow their teenager children to wear their hair any way they like and allow them to dress any way they like. All nuclear weapons in the possession of any nation should be eliminated. 14. Violence on television influences people to act violently. . Child molesters should be banned from society. 6. 9. Immigration to the United States should be open and unlimited. Abortion is a personal decision. Terminally. 12. 4. Marijuana should be legal and packaged commercially. All people of the world should speak the same language. 8. The law and the church should stay out of it. Homosexuality is immoral. Capital punishment should be abolished in the United States. All borders and boundaries should be abolished. 2. T. High school cafeterias should not be allowed to sell junk food. 3. 17. No family should have more than two children. 20. is a total waste of time. 16. 11.V. People should not marry until they are at least twenty-five years old. 5. It makes people stupid. All drunk drivers should be sent to jail. 18. National pride is ridiculous. The United Nations is a productive and essential organization.ill people should be free to end their lives with the help of their physicians. All homosexuals should go to jail. 15. 19. 10.
David (age 5) stole a candy bar from a grocery store. confine him/her to his room. express disappointment. let it slide. . Sergey (age 13) was seen making out with some wild-looking boy. give him/her a good spanking. prefers junk food. Slava (age 8) got caught with a Playboy magazine. I would (probably). take away some of his/her privileges. Katya (age 10) talks back to her parents. (other) Vladimir (age 9) refuses to take the garbage out. give him/her the silent treatment. Nastya (age 12) was caught smoking in the bathroom. Andrew (age 6) avoids eating anything healthy. Alona (age 4) throws temper tantrums when she doesn't get what she wants.. Svetlana (age 15) came home well past her curfew. ground him/her. Alexander (age 14) never does his chores. give him/her a whipping.PARENTAL PUNISHMENT In this situation. Alina (age 16) stumbled home drunk. have him/her do extra chores. guilt trip him/her. Pierre (age 9) threw a rock through a neighbor's window. Igor (age 7) punched another boy in the nose. make him/her apologize.. Oleg (age 11) doesn't do his homework. cut off his/her allowance. scold him/her. Tanya (age 13) took some money from her mother's purse.
My car has broken down. 8. 6. It's late. there and here. I am not sorry. Am not is only contracted to aren't in questions: I'm late. but unusual in formal writing. nouns. The contraction 's (=is or has) can be written after pronouns.Why are not in bed? 9. 13.Do you not like this? 10. 've. I thought you had left. 20. 'LL I am> I'm we are > we're she is > she's he has> he's I have > I've you had >you'd you would > you'd they will > they'll Negative contractions: Auxiliary verb / BE + N'T are not >aren't shall not > shan't is not > isn't would not > wouldn't have not > haven't should not > shouldn't has not > hasn't cannot > can't had not> hadn't could not > couldn't do not>don't might not > mightn't does not > doesn't must not > mustn't did not > didn't ought not > oughtn't will not > won't need not needn't With be. With other verbs.We will tell you tomorrow.Is not that your car? . 15. The contraction 're. 'd and 'll are normally only written after pronouns. 'S. They are common and correct in informal writing. It is not cold today. 16. 12. 1. How is your mother? 18. Rewrite these sentences using contractions. How's everything? There's the phone. You need not worry. the forms with n't are more common. 5. They have finished. I am tired. question words. 11. I cannot swim. aren't I? But I'm not ready. Your father's gone home. Here's your money. 3. 19. 'D. I wish you would stop. etc. 2. I have not forgotten. It does not matter.She has forgotten. 17.Nobody is perfect.CONTRACTIONS Contractions like she's. 4. two negative forms are common: you're not or you aren't. 'RE.She is French. The door will not close. she's not or she isn't. isn't or don't represent the pronunciation of informal speech. 14. Affirmative contractions: Pronoun + 'M. 7.
but often have little to say. and asking for and giving information. • Because of their traditional role in society. •Men are attracted by what they see. • Most men never grow up. men should always pay for women on dates. it is sometimes okay to flirt with people other than your spouse. •Women talk a lot. • It is much more difficult for a man to be faithful in a marriage than it is for a woman. . •In general. •It is the man and not the woman who should be the primary breadwinner. •Women are seldom logical. interrupting. •It is important for a woman to remain physically attractive to her husband. • After marriage. • Women are too emotional to be truly effective leaders. expressing agreement or disagreement.BATTLE OF THE SEXES Discuss the following using appropriate methods of giving your opinions. women are attracted by what they hear. men make much better drivers than women. • Men and women think alike. • Women are able to express their inner feelings much easier than men.
14. 13. you'll have bad luck. you will die.If you break a mirror. it will bring you good luck. 8. your good luck will continue. 12. If you cross your fingers as you make a wish. you will have seven years of bad luck. 6. 20. 10. If a witch points at you. it'll bring you bad luck.COMMON SUPERSTITIONS Here are some common superstitions that many people in the United States still believe. you will get a lot of money. If you talk of the Devil. the wish will come true. . If a black cat crosses your path. 5. 1. If the bottom of your feet itch. you will have bad luck. 9. you will have bad luck. 3. If you hear an owl in the night. you'll have bad luck. a friend will die. If you walk under a ladder. 18. If you find a rabbit's food. you will give money away. 7. he will appear.If you sleep on a table. 16. you'll have bad luck. If you scratch your left hand. If a black cat crosses your path. 17. If you see a small spider. you'll make a trip. it'll bring you bad luck. she will be the next one to marry. 19. 15. you'll have good luck all day long. 11. 2.If you rock an empty rocking chair. 4. it'll bring you bad luck. If you touch wood. 5. If you open an umbrella inside the house.If you refuse a kiss under the mistletoe. Compare them to the common superstitions in your own country. If you find a penny and pick it up. If you chase someone with a broom. If a girl catches the bride's bouquet after a wedding.
hair transplants. and one's chronological age? What is your earliest memory? What did you enjoy most about your childhood? What do you feel is the ideal age? (If you could "freeze" at one age. etc. one's physical age. liposuction. breast implants. how different aged people mix socially. of how the elderly are treated. and elderly? Do you fear the thought of getting older? What do you think about people who try to postpone the physical effects of aging by means of cosmetic surgery (for example. or should they simply "act their age"? How is the concept of age in your country different from that of the United States? (Think. facelifts. how different aged people dress. go out dancing. or other activities traditionally reserved for the young. what age would that be? What do you enjoy most about being your present age? What are the good points and bad points about being: an adolescent. middle-aged.AGE 0 1 12 adolescence 20 adulthood 40 middle age 65 old age infancy childhood What do you think might be the difference between one's mental age. listen to popular music. for example.)? Do you feel it is proper for middle-aged or elderly people to dress in modern clothing.) What examples of ageism can you think of regarding your culture? . etc. go on dates (if single).
Something I do well ________________________________________ 2.My favorite pet or animal ___________________________________ 7-What makes me smile ______________________________________ 8.My best quality ___________________________________________ 14. My favorite movie ________________________ . 1.ABOUT ME Share some information about yourself.A very special friend or relative ______________________________ 13.Someone I admire _________________________________________ 9-What I enjoy doing most ____________________________________ 10-A famous person I would like to meet __________________________ 11.My best feature ____________________________________________ 4-Something I would like to learn _______________________________ 5-What I like to collect _______________________________________ 6.My favorite game or sport ___________________________________ 3.My favorite food __________________________________________ 12.Something about me you would be surprised to know ________________ 15.
This area will include an invited international community of 20.000 men and women. Which political system will the country have? What will the official language(s) be? Will there be censorship? What industries will your country try to develop? Will citizens be allowed to carry a gun? Will there be the death penalty? Will there be a state religion? What kind of immigration policy will there be? What will the educational system be like? Will there be compulsory education to a certain age? Who will be allowed to marry? How will you keep the country from becoming over populated? What environmental policies will be in place? . Imagine that your group has to decide the laws of this new country. Discuss the following questions.Creating the Ideal Society A large area of your country has been set aside by the current government for the development of a new nation.
I'd be a (n) ____________________ because …………………… If I could be a piece of furniture... I'd be a(n) _____________________ because…………………. I'd be ____________________ because …………………… If I could be a TV show. I'd be a (an) _____________________ because……………….. I'd be ______________ because …………………… If I could be a film. If I could be a foreign country. I'd be _______________________ because…………………. I'd be _________________ because………………. If I could be a state. If I could be a kind of food. If I could be a tree. Complete each sentence with the words that best describe you. I'd be a(n) ___________________ because…………. I'd be a(n) _____________________ because………………. If I could be a song. I'd be __________________ because …………………… If I could be any color. I'd be a(n) ________________ because ……………….. If I could be a car. I'd be a (an) ____________________ because ………………… If I could be a flower. I'd be a(n)_______________________ because……………… If I could be a bird. If I could be any animal. I'd be a(n) _______________ because ……………….IF I COULD BE ………………………. I'd be _________________ because ……………………. If I could be a game. I'd be a (an) _________________________ because……………….. If I could be a building.. If I could be a musical instrument. . I'd be _____________________ because ………………… If I could be a part of speech. If I could be an insect. I'd be _________________ because…………………….
[Sometimes described as the hardest tongue-twister in the English language.Tongue-Twisters A tongue-twister is a sequence of words that is difficult to pronounce quickly and correctly. particularly for schoolchildren. We surely shall see the sun shine soon. Try to say them as fast as possible. yellow leather. mixed biscuits. Swim swan swim! Swan swam back again Well swum swan! Three gray geese in green fields grazing. but correctly! A proper copper coffee pot. The crow flew over the river with a lump of raw liver. The sixth sick Sheik's sixth sheep is sick. Where's the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? Red leather. Try them yourself. yellow leather. .] Swan swam over the pond. Mixed biscuits. Long legged ladies last longer.being used in elocution teaching and in the treatment of some speech defects. Tongue twisters have long been a popular form of wordplay. Even native English speakers find the tongue-twisters on this page difficult to say quickly. She sells seashells on the seashore. Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascals ran. Betty better butter Brad's bread. a box of mixed biscuits and a biscuit mixer! Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. but they also have a more serious side . A box of biscuits. red leather. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled pepper? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper.
. religion.000. would you still work? Which occupations are considered most prestigious? Which jobs would you consider to be hazardous? What are the advantages of working for a salary? How about wages? In your country-Are labor unions strong? Do people receive unemployment benefits if they lose their job? Are people ever discriminated against because of race.OVERWORKED AND UNDERPAID What do (or did) your parents do? Have you ever earned an income? What do you think you might be doing in 10 years? What would be your dream job? What kind of job would you most hate to do? Is personal satisfaction or good pay more important to you in a job? If you won $1.000 in a lottery. age. or sex when applying for work? How many weeks of vacation time do people typically receive? Do you feel the work ethic is as strong in your generation as that of yours parents' or grandparents' generation? Explain why you feel this way.
shy. would you ever quarrel? What does "romance" mean to you? What kind of job would your perfect partner have? What kind of personality would your perfect partner have? Must your perfect partner be a good kisser? If you were dating your perfect partner.)? Does height matter? Should you marry someone with similar social status? What would you do if your parents didn't like your boyfriend/girlfriend? Is it important to have similar interests? Would your perfect partner have "traditional" values (and what does that mean)? Where and how would you like to meet your perfect partner? How will you know that he/she is the right one to marry? . confident. would you see them every day? Should a man be masculine (strong. brave. etc.) and a woman feminine (gentle. etc.The Perfect Partner Does age matter? Some people say "opposites attract"—is that true? What sort of appearance would your perfect partner have? If you married your perfect partner.
what sort of concerts he/she prefers to attend. what types of sports he/she likes to play. what his/her favorite and least favorite subjects in school were. where he/she would most like to live. what kind of clothes he/she prefers to wear.Preferences Student A Take turns with your partner: You will ask the questions listed below. This is a listening as well as a speaking activity. what sort of activities he/she really likes and doesn't like to do. where he/she prefers to shop for clothes. what his/her favorite and least favorite type of drink is. If you don't understand what you are being asked. and he/she will ask you the questions listed on the next page. politely ask him/her to repeat it. Ask your partner: what kind of television shows he/she likes to watch. .
If you don't understand what you are being asked. what sort of books he/she likes to read. . which kind of sports he/she prefers to watch. politely ask him/her to repeat it. what his/her favorite and least favorite kind of pizza is. what kind of vacations he/she likes to take. what kind of women/men he/she likes.Preferences Student B Take turns with your partner: You will ask the questions listed below. and he/she will ask you the questions listed on the previous page. what sort of cars he/she would like to own. Ask your partner: what he/she prefers to do on the weekends. what kind of job he/she would most like to have. This is a listening as well as a speaking activity. what type of games he/she likes to play.
14.. 11-……. 19. 8. 2. 7-……. tell which way the train went by looking at the track..PROVERBIALLY. sip soup with a knife. see the sky through a bamboo tube. 10-……. 9... teach an old dog new tricks.. make a silk purse out of a sow's ear..……. shake hands with a clenched fist... 18. .. 4-…….…….. judge a book by its cover. 13-…….have it both ways. 20-…….……. 5.…….. YOU CAN'T 1-…….. cheat an honest man. win arguments by interrupting speakers. measure the sea with a shell. 6..…….……. make an omelet without breaking eggs. 12. 3. 17.……... 16-…….…….have your cake and it too. 15.……. please everybody.………. run with the hare and hunt with the hounds.……. pick up two melons with one hand. get blood out of a turnip.…….... catch a cub without going into the tiger's den. fool all the people all the time.. have a rainbow without rain..
foreign company. state company. or with other people? Would you like a job dealing with clients/customers? What do you think of government jobs? Have you considered volunteering to work in poor areas of China? If you boss asked you to work overtime. or only a way to make money? . how would you feel? Do you think it's a bad idea to date someone you work with? Would you like to work inside or outside? Could you handle a high-pressure job? Would you like to find a job in your home town. and why? What kind of organization would you like to work for (erg. government department. private company.The Ideal Job What job would you like to do. large company)? Would you like to be a teacher? Why or why not? Are you looking forward to working? Do you think you would be a good manager? Would you prefer to work quietly by yourself. or elsewhere? How do you expect to use English in your work? Is work enjoyable. small company.
how did your parents feel about their children becoming independent? Give examples. where do older people live. what were the responsibilities of each child in the house? As you were growing up. who lived with you? When you were a child. When you were child. where do young adults live before getting married? Why? In your culture. Nowadays. when you have a problem. whom do you go to for help? Is that typical in your culture? In your culture.Family Life Give your full name. its meaning. what do people think of a 27-year-old person who lives at home with his or her parents? Explain. and what money do they live on? . What was family life like in your home when you were a teenager? What was it like when you disagreed with your parents? In your culture. who took care of you when your parents were not at home? When you were growing up. and how it was chosen for you.
Use your dictionary as needed. To inflate. Use oars. Someone who won't accept other ideas. Only looking – not buying. 12345678910111213141516boxing motion zero minded shopping your nose up white pages your boat up and arrow off how tide room To fight or box with yourself. Robin Hood's weapon. Less than normal speed. When the sea is far from the coast. . not a motor. Write the word you choose in the box.FOLLOW THE IDIOM Window Below Bow Snow Elbow Row Know Follow Grow Slow Narrow Yellow Shadow Blow Low show Choose one of "-ow" words above to complete the idiomatic expressions that match the different definitions. to move your boat. A friend of the Seven Dwarfs. put air inside. Telephone book for businesses. To do what your heart tells you. for example. Having knowledge. To try and impress. To become an adult. Having a lot of space. Minus ten degrees.
vr different every beverage favorable favorite tr documentary elementary interested interesting …. They are not standard written English.? could have should have would have might have must have kind of kinds of a lot of lots of got to have to has to want to going to ought to Reduced Form I dunno gimme lemme getcha gotcha betcha doncha Waddya Waddya coulda shoulda woulda mighta musta kinda kindsa lotta lotsa gotta hafta hasta wanna gonna oughta VOWEL REDUCTION Unstressed vowel + r = vowel not pronounced pr. Standard Written Form I don't know give let me get you got you bet you don't you What are you ……? What do you …….) fr.. honorable miserable .) separate (adj.REDUCTIONS Reductions are common and reflect naturally spoken language. br aspirin comfortable opera laboratory deliberate (adj.
00 to buy a meal for two people. where would you eat and what would you order? If you were lost in a forest. how would you hunt animals to stay alive? Have you ever eaten gourmet food? Why do you think most of the great chefs of the world are men? . which food would you eat? What restaurants do you usually go to for lunch? What food do they make best? What is the most expensive food you've ever eaten? Is it important for a man to know how to cook? What is the best dressing for a vegetable salad? Do you like raw fish/sushi/sashimi? What foods are good for you? Why are they good? Are there any world-famous Kyrgyz chefs? Do you like spicy food? What foods do people eat in other countries? In India? France? Japan? China? Russia? Do you think expensive food is more delicious than inexpensive food? What is the hottest food you have ever eaten? What happened? How has Kyrgyz food changed over the past twenty years? What food is traditionally served for Eid Khourbon? For New Year's? Do you eat these foods at your home? What do you think of foreign cuisine? Japanese? Chinese? Western? Are there any McDonald's restaurants here? What is the worst thing you have ever eaten? If you had $200.Food for Thought What food is Bishkek famous for? And Osh the other Kyrgyz regions? If you could eat only one food for the rest of your life.
a. it is not a good idea to do it. can't remember / don't know the name of 5. relax b. calm down c. very much b. at the scheduled time or earlier 2. "To veg (vedge) out" means to: a. a. very little . "He hardly worked" means that he worked __________. b.A REVIEW OF SOME IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS Fill in the blank with the appropriate sentence 1. freeze something b. become very confused c. at the scheduled time b. get really angry 6. you mustn't not do it. think it's not true c. If someone says "Cool it!". he/she wants you to: a.Starting "on time" means beginning __________. go away 4. 3. at the scheduled time or later c. a. very long c. use for communication b. c. it isn't necessary to do it. A "whatchamacallit" is something that you: a. "You don't have to do it" means __________.
If someone says "hold it". a very small amount of money b. sad and lonely c. If I give you "my two cents worth. Getting somewhere "in time" means arriving there __________. my opinion c. a. Someone "that ticks you off" makes you feel _________ a. hurry up c. angry or upset 12. dress b. was not neat or organized c. work harder or move faster . confused b. decide what to do 8. stop what you are doing b. just a little bit late c. a. I'd better "get a move on" means I need to ___________. behaved very badly b. ate too much 10. he she wants you to _________ a. "I really pigged out" means that I _________. a. something you can't use 11." I give you ____________.7. a. before it's too late 9. pick something up c. earlier than expected b.
How many can you think of? Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ways to get from one place to another Things that crash Reasons not to smoke Names for an ice-cream shop Things that are soft but strong Titles for a TV show about your school Ways to save paper Things that close Uses for a pile of cardboard Titles for a book about magnets Things that sparkle Works that make you think of fun Ways to be kind to someone Invisible things Uses for a single wheel Excuses for not doing homework Words that create a mood of excitement Things that melt .
The class will then decide whether you are telling the truth or just pulling our leg.Tell Us Something Choose one topic below and tell your partners about your experience. your last vacation your first love your last birthday your first kiss a time when you stole something the worst day of your life a time when you were sick a time when you were frightened the first time you drank alcohol a time when you were hurt a time when you were embarrassed a time when you were caught lying your first encounter with a foreigner . You can either tell the truth. or you can fib by making up a false or funny story.
Rich came back from vacation looking great. He's_____________________________________________________ 4.John lost his dog the other day. He is _______________________ . She's ______________________________________. 9. 11. 10. she's ______________________ with it. 15. She's_______________________________________ 2.Bob's parents gave him a trip to Europe for a graduation present. He's _____________________________________.Sue did not feel well today. She___________________.IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS TO INDICATE HAPPINESS OR SADNESS Match the expressions listed below to the mental states reflected on the sentences that follow. 6. More than one possibility exists for each sentence. a) to be in the dumps b) to be tickled pink c) to look like one has the weight of the world on one's shoulders d) to grin from ear to ear e) to feel like a million bucks f) to walk on air (progressive) g) to be in cloud nine h) to be on top of the world i) to look like one lost one's best friend j) to feel blue k) to be in seventh heaven l) to be out of sorts 1. He's _________________________. 12.Jan failed her math exam.Mary came in first in the ten-mile race. Now he is _________________________. She's _____________________________.Sally lost her job and does not know how she is going to pay her bills.Virginia has been given the promotion she dreamed about. He looks like ____________________. 13. He says _____________________.Ken got some bad news in the mail today. In fact.Gene found the travelers checks he had lost. She___________________. She looks like________________________________________________. 7.Victor's favorite restaurant went out of business. 8.Karen likes her new car very much. 14.Leandro insulted his boss by mistake.Sarah came down with the flu and had to cancel her date. 5.
I __________________________________________________________________ Whenever I am feeling stressed out. I _______________________________________________________________ Just before I go to sleep. I ____________________________________________________________________ Whenever I feel bored. I ________________________________________________________________________ As soon as I get home in the evenings. I ________________________________________________________________________ When I realize that someone is angry with me. I __________________________________________________________ Whenever I am expecting guests to arrive. I __________________________________________________________ When something scares me. I ________________________________________________________________________ When I finish reading a good book or watching a good film. I _____________________________________________________________ Just after having a bath/shower. I _______________________________________________________ Whenever I meet a beautiful woman/handsome man for the first time. I ________________________________________________________________________ .THINGS I DO Immediately after getting up in the morning.
Prejudice Write: the adjective form of prejudice the adverb form of stereotype a person who exhibits racism is a… the verb form of segregation the adjective form of racism a person who exhibits sexism is a… What sort of prejudice (or discrimination) might someone experience while being interviewed for a job? Can you think of any stereotypical descriptions of any nationality or peoples? What do you know about the racial problems that Americans have experienced as a society? Do you know of any racial prejudices that are common in your part of the world? Have you ever experienced any kind of prejudice against yourself? Have you ever been anyplace where ethnic minorities lived segregated from others? Have you ever met anyone that you considered to be a racist? Have interracial marriages ever been considered taboo in your country? Have you or anyone you know ever been a victim of sexism? .
Be prepared to justify your answers. Automobile Fax / scanner Video camera Cell phone Digital camera TIVO / VCR Microwave Blackberry IPod Your choice .RATE THE APPARATUS The following devices have become indispensable to most people. With your partner. take a look at the list and rate the inventions from 1 (most important) to 10 (least important).
Television commercials. (Anything else?) . People regularly criticizing me. Getting a busy signal when I am trying to get through to someone. Finding a hair in my food. Hearing racist remarks or jokes. A person making loud sniffing and snorting noises. A person unnecessarily putting his or her hands on me . People smoking while I am eating. People interrupting me while I am speaking.WHAT REALLY ANNOYS YOU? People telling me how to drive. A person honking their horn at me. Hearing 'loud' music. People picking at their teeth. A person continually trying to be funny. People who are always complaining. Listening to politicians make promises. People cutting in line. Impolite waiters or waitresses. People talking loudly on their cellular phones.
Idioms to Use in Class Situations At Wits' End – Frustrated Along for the Ride – Present. don't hurry It's All Greek – Incomprehensible Jump the Gun – Do something prematurely Keep One's Nose to the Grindstone – Work hard. but not the least important Letter Perfect – Exactly right Lend an Ear – Listen to someone Make Tracks – Leave quickly More than One Way to Skin a Cat – Different solutions to a problem Nitty-Gritty – Essential points Nothing to Write Home about – Ordinary Off the Cuff – Without much advance preparation Off the Wall – Unusual On the Fritz – Not working correctly Piece of Cake – Easy Put the Cart before the Horse – Do things backwards Read between the Lines – Understand indirectly See the Light – Understand clearly Speaking of the Devil – Someone who is being talked about has just appeared Toe the Line – Follow the rules Up in the Air – Undecided When Hell Freezes Over – Never Whole Nine Yards. Go the – Go all out Wing It – Improvise Contributed by Willoughby Ann Walshe . but not Least – Final item on a list. without taking part Back to Square One – Return to the beginning Bug – Annoy Butt in – Interfere Chew (Someone) Out – Scold harshly Chicken Out – Too frightened to act Cream of the Crop – The best Do an About-Face – Change behavior abruptly Draw the Line at – Not allow beyond a certain point Eager Beaver – Person excited about an activity Egg on One's Face – Appear embarrassed Face the Music – Accept consequences of one's own actions Fool Around – Not be serious Get Something Down Pat – Perfect an activity Go Overboard – Do too much Head in the Clouds – Absent-minded Hold One's Horses – Be patient. don't play around Keep the Ball Rolling – Maintain momentum Last.
THREE DISHES. PLACES AND HOBBIES Three Dishes your favorite dish a dish you don't really like the most unusual dish you have ever tried Three Books the first book you can remember reading the name of the last book you read the name of a book that is supposed to be good Three Places your favorite place to go on vacation a place you would really like to visit a place you want to forget Three Hobbies something you enjoy doing something that you would like to take up something you have no interest in at all . BOOKS.
These lessons. writing. will also incorporate all aspects of the language deemed necessary for acquisition: relevant vocabulary. while topical in nature. and the development of reading.Topics What kind of topics are you interested in? What sort of things do you think you would like to learn more about? Which might help to develop either professionally or personally? Tick those that appeal to you (or feel free to add anything not listed) so that future lessons might be designed around these preferences. and listening skills. idiomatic expressions. speaking. Current Events History Social Issues Travel International Relations Literature The Arts Women in the Workplace Business Family .
toy? .drink? ..TV program . what / who was your favorite.........Where? What? Who? When? How? Why? How long..holiday? .... ..? When you were a child.....comic character? .movie? ..outdoor activity? ...game? …vacation spot? ...candy? ...song? .hobby? ......book? ....movie s .place to go? .friend? . Don't forget to use follow-up questions ........WHEN I WAS A CHILD.relative (not a parent)? ..teacher? ..food? ...
.have dinner at a Mexican food restaurant..... B: .go to a movie that you have been wanting to see. A: .. but I'd much rather.. but I don't really like.. but I don't really care for. B:. B: . you've talked me into it..work on our homework together after class..have dinner at a Chinese food restaurant... B: ...spend the day at the beach. A:. Let's do that. MAKING A SUGGESTION Why don't we...go to a movie that you have been wanting to see..... I feel that we should..... A:.go on a day-trip to. GIVING IN All right.spend the day in the mountains. let's..spend the evening at a comedy club. That doesn't sound bad.. That sounds okay.... B: ....WHY DON'T WE.....spend the evening dancing at a popular nightclub. You win.. Try to persuade your partner to.. A: ....go on a day-trip to. A: ...shoot pool/go bowling/do something else instead. POLITELY DISAGREEING That's a good idea... as a special favor to you. Okay. A: . I think the best thing to do is. . B:. B: ... A: .go out for a drink..go study at the library...
dog-pillow-fist 10. Louis – a foot . an actor – a crowded amusement park – a football field 17.TRIBOND Use your thinking skills to determine what the given trios have in common Example: Answer: tent – baseball – horseshoe They're all pitched 1. core – crust – mantle 19. microscope-playground-trombone 2. a bull – a car – a shoe salesman 15. McDonald's – St. Halloween-The World Series-End of daylight savings 11. basketball-embroidery-hula 12. turkeys – statues – initials 18. a tiger-a leprechaun-a frog 14. heat-dough-taxes 4. Bob-Tom-Alley 8. Astro – Elroy .Rosie 9. a basketball player – a soccer player – a baby 16. Julius Caesar-Robert Kennedy-John Lennon 7. Moses-Superman-Cabbage Patch Kids 6. song-heart-policeman 3. a weak battery – a matador – a crime suspect 20. draw-sweep-trap 5. Martin Luther King-Jack Lord-Patty Duke 13.
Astro-Elroy-Rosie (all characters in the futuristic TV show The Jetsons) 9. dog-pillow-fist (fight) 10. Bob-Tom-Alley (cats) 8. heat-dough-taxes (they all rise) 4. Julius Caesar-Robert Kennedy-John Lennon (they were all assassinated) 7. song-heart-policeman (they all have a beat) 3. a bull – a car – a shoe salesman (they all have horns) 15. a weak battery – a matador – a crime suspect (they are all charged) 20. a basketball player – a soccer player – a baby (they all dribble) 16. microscope-playground-trombone (they all have a slide) 2. Louis – a foot (they all have arches).TRIBOND – Answer Key Use your thinking skills to determine what the given trios have in common Example: tent – baseball – horseshoe Answer: They're all pitched 1. Halloween-The World Series-End of daylight savings (they all happen in October) 11. . core – crust – mantle (they are layers of the earth) 19. Martin Luther King-Jack Lord-Patty Duke (all have royalty titles for last names) 13. basketball-embroidery-hula (they all use a hoop) 12. a tiger-a leprechaun-a frog (They are all breakfast mascots) 14. an actor – a crowded amusement park – a football field (they all have lines) 17. McDonald's – St. turkeys – statues – initials (they are all carved) 18. draw-sweep-trap (running plays) 5. Moses-Superman-Cabbage Patch Kids (they are all orphans) 6.
what your parents do (or did). how long you have to commute to work and back every day. what you feel to be the most difficult aspect of your job.Working My Life Away Tell your partner(s)… about your previous employment. what you feel the ideal working hours would be. what you consider to be the ideal occupation. what you consider to be your favorite part of the work day. whether or not you would consider a posting abroad. what your main duties are these days. . what you wanted to be as a child. where you see yourself in five years time. whether or not you would prefer to work from home. about your very first job.
A good book can help you get your _________________________ off your troubles. 4. 12. . two ____________________ are better than one. Fill in the blanks with the part of the body that best completes the meaning. 2. 3. It is quite simple. 6. I'm sorry I didn't call you. I can't tell you what to do. The driver of the car that passed us should have his ________________examined. 7. they were living _________________ to _______________. Despite the recession. 10. When it comes to politics. She looks down her ________________________ at everyone. If you admit making such a serious mistakes. it slipped my _______________________________. That's too difficult for me. She always keeps her _____________________________________ in a crisis. they were living hand to mouth. It's way over my _________________________________.IDIOMS ABOUT THE BODY AND THE MIND Many idiomatic expressions in the English language refer to parts of the body. They were so poor. they were able to keep their _______________ above water. 11. Can you keep an _________________ on my bags while I make a phone call? 16. I try to keep an open __________________________. you'll lose ______________________. They were so poor. He makes all these impossible plans. I could not make up my ___________________________ whether to write or phone. 13. He always got his___________ in the clouds. 8. brain ear eye face foot hair hair hand head heart leg mind mouth neck nose 1. Just use your ________________________________. 9. 14. She's such a snob. 5. They were ______________________________________ over heels in love. You'll just have to play it by _____________________. 15.When there's a problem to solve.
He doesn't have a ______________ to stand on. . I could not believe my ___________. What he did was quite unjustified. 23. We have to learn the words by ______________________. I tried to catch the waiter's _______________________ but he didn't look my way. He's an accountant. 27.They refused to help us. 19.Bear in _________________________ that interest rates will vary from day to day. You don't need to tell me how to get there. 34. There's no difference.17. I was just going to say that. 30. 25. 29. 21. You took the word right out of my _________________. I'll just follow my ___________________. I didn't mean what I said. He knew the risks and went into it with his ____________________________ open. but in the end they had a change of ____________________. You're splitting _______________________________. 20. 22. 33. The decision is in your _______________________. 18. and has a good _______________________ for figures. Anything you say to them goes in one ______________________ and out the other. 35. When they said that they had gotten engaged. I was only pulling your _______________________. Bush and Gore were _________________ to _____________________ in the polls. 28. The new manager was given a free ________________ to restructure the company. 26. Off the top of my _________________. 31. I didn't understand a word of it. I can think of two solutions to your problem. The lesson went over my _____________________. 24.
Are women generally equally represented across the workforce in your country? 4. What is the percentage of women and men in your profession? 2. Is it easy for women in your country to combine work and family life? Why yes or why not? .WOMEN AND THE PROFESSIONS 1. What kind of jobs would you find unsuitable for women? 10. If there is an imbalance. what is it caused by? 3. Are there any heavily feminized occupations? 6. What do women consider when they choose their professional careers? 8. Are there any jobs in your country which are barred to women? 7. Do women prefer the same jobs as men or different? 9. Are there any sectors of your country's economy dominated by women? 5.
9.00 dollars on a permanent is immoral. there are still plenty of things to do. I absolutely hate Mondays. 6. 11. In the end. People who smoke are crazy. 5. 4. I never go to bed after 1 am. My ambition in life is to get a permanent job. Parents spoil their children nowadays. most people are very nice. Students then must justify their answer in a logical fashion. 18. The beach is for relaxing and doing nothing. I had a great time at secondary school-I loved it. 17. . 1. 10. 12. I really believe that motorbikes are dangerous. I don't mind wet days. 20. Spending 160. People who watch more than 2 hours of TV a day are wasting time.TRUE OR FALSE Have each student answer the questions based on his or her experience. 7. 19. I never run for a bus-I can catch the following one. Keeping animals at home is cruel. My parents started giving me pocket money when I was five. I study English more than 2 hours a week. I am intelligent. I am an adventurous person. 16. 14. 15. 2. 8. I have never stolen anything-never. 3. Tall men/women are more interesting than small ones. 13.
What are you afraid of? Loud and aggressive people? The sight of blood? Making a fool out of yourself? Taking tests and exams? Closed-in places? Being a passenger in a car being driven recklessly? Growling animals? Thunderstorms? Spiders and cockroaches? Speaking in front of large groups of people? Heights? Airplane turbulence? Dark alleys? Being alone someplace with a stranger? Job interviews? Hypodermic needles? Snakes? Not living up to your parents expectations? Having surgery? Getting old? Death? Failing this class? First Dates? Marriage? Anything else? .
what you go? would you do? If you found a wallet with $1. what would it be? If you could be a plant. what would you say? If you could be a bird. whom would you choose? If you could speak any other language (besides English) which one would you choose? If you could commit a crime and get away with it. what monster would you be? If you were asked to speak to a graduating class. what would you choose to be? If you could ask God any question. what would that be? what would that be? If you could live in different planet. what would you choose to be? If you could be a superhero. which one would the manager? you choose? .000. would you tell great wisdom or great wealth. whom would it be and why? If you could spend the day with any celebrity. where would you go and why? If you had to choose. what would it be? you do? If you had the opportunity to be different. If you could take a vacation anywhere in the who would it be and what questions would world for any length of time. what toy would you be? If you were given the chance to go to the moon. what problems or concerns would you work on first? If you worked for a store and saw another If you were given a choice between been given employee stealing something. where would you you ask that person? go? If you could travel back in time. what candy would you be? If you were a toy. what would you do? If you could have only one type of food for the rest of your life. which one would If you could be an animal.000.? If the whole world were listening. where would If you found a suitcase full of $1.000. would you give up your If you saw a robbery. what would you say? If you were the President/Prime Minister. which one would you choose? If you could meet any famous person. what would If you only had one wish. If you could change one thing about the world. which one would you choose? If could date a celebrity. what would you you be? choose to be? If you could be another person for a day.Conversation Questions: What if………………. who If you could be invisible for a day. dead or alive. what would you change? If you had a time machine.. would you go? Why or why not? If you were a monster. would you report it? eyesight or your hearing? If you were a piece of candy. what would would you be? you do and why? If you could change one thing about yourself.
Taking a long trip with your significant other before getting married. Emigrating to another country for financial gain. Working part-time while attending university. Delaying marriage until your thirties. Remember to agree or disagree with others in your group in an appropriate manner.Young Adulthood Express your opinions on the following. Taking a long break between high-school and college. Living on your own before getting married. . Dating nationalities other than your own. Getting married but deciding against children. elaborating on why you believe each may or may not be a good idea. Immersing yourself in another country by studying abroad.
He's really a pain in the neck! _________ M. Bite your tongue! It is not going to rain on the day of the picnic. But off the top of my head.00 for this baseball card. ____________ L. I was just pulling your leg. ____________ S. Read each sentence and put the number of its appropriate definition on the blank line. Before a performer goes on stage. _______________ P. "Break a leg!" _____________ C. but I just couldn't say it. My sister said she would keep an eye on our house while we're on vacation. ___________ . ___________ B. I could feel it in my bones. _______________ E. He wasn't telling me the truth. Here comes Ram. ____________ R. A. I'd say about $1500. but it would cost an arm and a leg! ____________ K. Now get off my back! I don't want to hear it again. Tell me everything that happened. Have a heart! Don't give us so much homework.BODY PART IDIOMS Here are some common expressions using parts of the body. The answer was on the tip of my tongue. You have a good head on your shoulders. mom. _____ F. I'm angry with Mary for being so nosy. I'm all ears. _________ O. It's the weekend! ___________ I. ______ H. ___________ Q. I'm sure you can solve this problem. I'd like to remodel my kitchen. You've reminded me about it six times. I didn't really pay $200. It was so frustrating. They don't see eye to eye on politics. She opened one of my letters! _____________ N. ______________ D. I'm not sure how much money we've made. I'm up to my ears in work. You already have two fur coats! You need another one like you need a hole in your head. ______ G. his friends often say. Keep you chin up! I'm sure you'll find a job soon. I don't know how I'll ever finish this by Tuesday. He's much more conservative than she is. Gee. She's going to pick up the mail and water the plants.
Be careful what you say. show mercy. 7. 18. A first reaction without giving it much thought.Can almost remember something. Someone really gets on your nerves.You don't need this at all. Good luck.Don't get discourage or lose hope. 16. Have the same point of view.Leave me alone. Be extremely expensive. Can't wait to hear the news. 2. kidding. don't bother me. 12. Have an overwhelming amount.Watch something for someone else. . 17. Be compassionate. 9. 11. 5.Answers: 1.Overly interested in someone's personal matters. 6.Just joking. 14. 13. 4. To know by instinct. To think logically. 15. 3. 10. 8.
what did you do? If not. what would you do if you did? Which celebrity would you like to meet? What would you do if you could spend a day with this person? Is there any particular celebrity that you really don't care for? Do you think famous people have the right to have a private life? Why or why not? What do you think of the paparazzi? Why do you think there is such a high demand for gossip magazines and gossip TV programs? What are the pros and cons of being a celebrity? Do you feel that celebrities should be outspoken in their beliefs on political and social issues? Did you have any idols when you were a younger? Are there any celebrities nowadays that you particularly admire? .Star-struck Have you ever seen a celebrity in person? Is so.
Do you have any children? 4-What is your hobby? 5-Do you have a First Aid kit at home? Where? 6-What board game do you know? 7-Do you like your name? 8-Who makes dinner in your family? 9.What is your favorite kind of car? 28.What children stories do you like? 10.Do you collect anything? What? .Do you have any pets? 12-When is your birthday? 13-What toys did you play with when you were a child? 14.Do you like shopping malls? Why or why not? 23. 1-What is your middle name? 2.What kind of clothing do you wear for sleeping? 22.Do you prefer to buy books or borrow them from the library? 26-Which natural disasters are common in your area? 27.Do you know First aid? Where did you learn it? 21. The student who is answering the question can refuse by saying "I pass".Have you ever given a speech? What was the subject? 11. Repeat this activity on a weekly basis with different students to get them a chance to speak extemporaneously.Is there a special birthday song in your country? 24.IN FOCUS – INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Select a student to be interviewed and hand out the questions to the rest of the students on slips of paper or laminated cards.How often do you exercise? 29-How many brothers and sisters do you have? 30.How often do you eat fast food? Why? 20.What is your zodiac sign? 17-What is you least favorite cleaning job? 18-Do you celebrate birthdays? What do you do? 19.Where do you like to shop? 3.How would you describe your father? 15.What is your most treasured possession? 16.What number son or daughter are you? 25.
.. ___________________ 2..who speaks three languages or more...... ____________________ 12..who likes scary movies.....who knows how to swim.. ............. ..... ............. .... then ask your classmate the questions you made..... ...whose surname ends with an F. . ____________________ 9..who has spent a night in the hospital... ......... .....who has skyped with someone recently.. ...... who can type well? Question:.... ___________________ 14. who has seen a ghost......... Can you type well? 1...... YOUR NAME:_____________________________ Example: ....Find someone who ... .. .... _________________ 19.. Each name can only appear once....who reads two newspapers a day..... ___________________ 15.... _____________ 10.. . _______________________ 5.. . _______________ 6.... ... _______________________ 3.who knows where the next Olympics games will be held...... _________________________ 7. . __________________________ 8.....who enjoys reading.....who is wearing something green. Make a question for each line below.......... ........ ______________________ 13......... ______________________ 11. who wears glasses._________________ 17...... _____________________ 16..... ..........who plays a musical instrument. . ............. who knows the words to a song in English...who wears glasses.... Your own name cannot be included... .....who has ridden on an elephant.who has traveled to Europe... __________________________ .... Write the name of your classmate next to the question he/she has answered yes to. .. ________________ 18.. .. who has met someone famous......._________________________ 20..who has an unusual pet._____________________ 4....who has taken a cruise........
shaving. lipstick. Do you think self-esteem affects beauty? e. Can you think of anyone who is in a position of power that is not physically attractive? 5)Do you feel people spend too much time and money on beauty? If so. Do you have any proverbs or idioms from your country that relate to beauty? 8) Do you think tattoos and piercings add to or detract from physically attractiveness? 9) What personality trait is the most important for inner beauty? 10) Would you ever date someone who was not conventionally attractive? 11)How do you feel about beauty pageants? 12)Do you think one gender or group worries more about physical attractiveness than another? 13) What are some of the negatives about being beautiful? 14) What are some examples of social pressures to improve on natural beauty? (For example. why? 6)Do you think people should have cosmetic surgery to enhance their looks? a. etc. Would you ever have plastic surgery? 7) What do you think of the proverb Beauty is in the eye of the beholder? a.) 15) Has the Brazilian wax hit Kyrgyzstan yet? . If so what is the minimum age when someone should have plastic surgery? b. How popular is plastic surgery in your country? c. haircutting.WHAT A BEAUTY! 1) Who do you think is the most beautiful person alive today? 2) Who is the most attractive in your family? 3) Does beauty affect one's success in life? 4) Is beauty related to power? a. Do you think beauty affects self-esteem? f. What is the most popular feature for cosmetic alteration? d.
Pronunciation: lived = live + /d/.. 14.Lived ……………… 29.Finished ………. Pronunciation: stopped = stop + /t/.. Final –ed is pronounced /d/ after most voiced sounds.Crossed …………. 3. Looked …………. and /f/. Played …………. Mailed ………….Earned …………… 24. Boiled …………. Final –ed is pronounced /t/ after most voiceless sounds. 13. /t/ or /ed/ to show the proper pronunciation for the final -ed in each word. 15. Final –ed is pronounced /ed/after words that end in "t" or "d. 28.Entered …………… 25. 23.Stopped …………… 26. Examples of voiced sounds: /b/. Voiced sounds come from the throat and a vibration is felt when produced. Knocked …………… 27. 12. Examples of voiceless sounds: /p/. 34. Voiceless sounds are made by pushing air through your mouth. 8.Filled …………. Passed …………… 4. 1. Smoked ………… 36. 31. /k/.Washed …………. Used ……………. "livd".Pulled …………… 2. Closed …………… 6. Picked …………. Wished ………… . 11.Killed …………… 30. "talkt".PRONUNCIATION OF FINAL -ED 1. Walked ………….Changed ………… 7. Showed …………." /ed/ adds a whole syllable to a word.. 5.. 22. no sound comes through your throat. 2.Saved ……………. 35. 10. Examples: Pronunciation: wanted = want + /ed/ ("want-ud") . /v/ and /n/.Liked …………….Burned ………. 32. 9. needed = need +/ed/(need-ud") In the blank at the right.. Excused …………. 3. Turned …………. Dropped ………… 33. write the letters /d/.
Which of these.Wildlife Brainstorm the names of wild animals to be found in Kyrgyzstan. if any. are considered to be endangered? Which members of the animal kingdom in general are considered to be endangered? How popular is hunting as a sport in Kyrgyzstan? Is poaching ever considered to be a problem? Are there any animals in Kyrgyzstan that are considered to be threats to human beings? Have you ever had a dangerous encounter with an animal? Have you ever eaten any unusual or exotic meats? .
He's a bad dog.Did you feel it peel off? 4. 3. .He's too old for that. 2-We can help Paul. 3.His office is small. 3-Did he ask her to go? 2.I wish Dan had told me. When a word ends in a vowel and the next word begins with another vowel. word by word. (After a pause) Linking Linking a final consonant to an initial vowel. When a word ends in consonant sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound.He has a bad attitude. or try saying both consonants at the same time. Note that /h/ is not deleted at the beginning of a phrase.My back tire is flat. there are no spaces between words.Patsy drove the new Infinity. Word boundaries are not clearly marked in actual speech therefore. If the two sounds are different.You laugh too much.Bill saw him yesterday.I'd like some orange juice 2.That's a big dog. Linking two vowels. 4.Connected Speech There is no one-to-one correspondence between written letters or words and their acoustic or sounds. 1. 4.May I ask what the answer is? 3.Pete has been helpful. 3. When a word ends in a consonant and the next word begins with another consonant. 1. 2. 4. is called "connected speech" and it is characterized by not being slow. precise or overly correct form of speech. link the first consonant to the second without releasing it. also use /r/ after final /ar/ and /al/. If the two sounds are the same (or made in the same place) hold the first one and lengthen it. use a short /y/ after front vowels and a short /w/ after back vowels. The following are two ways to improve your overall rhythm of English. 1.Keep talking. 4. This type of fluent language. 1.I admire black cats. Linking two consonants. move the consonant sound to the next syllable.I need time to think about this. try to move the tongue silently inside the mouth into the position for the second consonant. as it is actually spoken in a conversation.She bought a yellow Audi. 1. Delete "h" in pronouns and auxiliaries which begin with "h" and link the remaining sounds to the preceding word. 2.
k) He likes her. f) He made a mess. t) You laugh too much. d) It's all over. i) He robbed a bank. n) Did you see her? o) They owe him money. w) What time will you eat tonight? x) His vacation was terrible.Linking C + C s) Keep talking. c) Come in. 2. h) She baked a cake. e) I give up.LINKING Practice linking words together in the following short sentences: 1-Linking C + V b) It's an apple. .Linking V + V k) May I ask? l)Do I know her? m) I'll wear it. q) His blue eyes were open. u) Where does the bus stop? v) I like black cats. g) Cook a meal. y) Don't stop driving. j) She loves him. p) I always tie it. r) Where is the office? 3.
he chased me three times this week as I was riding my bicycle. B: That's terrible. A: Thanks. but… I hate to say this. I'd really appreciate it. A: He seems so aggressive lately. B: Yeah? What's the problem? A: Well. I'm so sorry! I'll be sure to keep him in the house from now on.Complaining I don't like to complain. but… I'm sorry to bother you. . but I need to talk to you about your dog. but… A: I don't like to complain. He's been frightening a lot of the neighbors. And yesterday he actually bit me! B: Wow! I'm really sorry about that! I had no idea that he was causing such problems.
. had surgery.) Do you have any scars? How did you get them? Was it really painful? 2. been bitten by an animal? been stung or bitten by an insect? fallen down a flight of stairs? tripped while going up the stairs? been in a car accident? been hit by a falling object? almost drowned? burned yourself by accident? had food poisoning? gotten a paper cut? gotten lost in the woods? bumped into something or someone? slammed your finger in a door? twisted your ankle? gotten shocked by an electrical appliance? locked yourself in or out of something? had surgery? fallen off a bicycle or a motorcycle? dropped something on your foot? gotten stitches? smacked your head on a door? beat someone up? been beaten up by a bully? knocked a tooth out? gotten a splinter? fallen out of a tree or from a high place? been mugged or attacked? stepped on a rusty nail or a piece of glass? cut yourself by accident? 1.. too? .Ouch! That Smarts! Pain.) What's the most dangerous game children like to play? Did you play this game. and Injuries At one time or another.. most of us have been hurt.. got beat up by a bully or had a car accident.) When you were young did you roughhouse a lot? Did you ever get hurt playing? Did you ever fall off the see-saw? 3. Maybe we fell off a bike. walked into a wall.) What kinds of plastic surgery are popular these days? Have any of your friends had plastic surgery? Do you think it's a good idea? 4. Let's get with a partner and share some of those painful memories. Accidents. Have you ever.
Grammar (part of speech) 5. the following aspects should be covered: 1. to make sure the students use the words frequently and correctly and make them part of their personal vocabulary. read the newspaper and follow a TV program without much difficulty. There are many ways to convey the meaning of new words.Prefixes and suffixes 6. Listed below are some techniques that can be used to present new vocabulary in the classroom. the use of the native language must be kept to a minimum in the classroom.Pronunciation/stress 4. illustrations or examples D.Give sample sentences using the word in context G.Meaning 7. Acquiring these many words requires a conscientious effort on the part of both teacher and learner.Spelling 2.Collocation (what other words are used with it) 8-Connotation (as found in the dictionary) 9.Translate the word into Nepali H. Techniques for teaching vocabulary: A.Register (formal and informal) In order to encourage the expansion of the student's vocabulary.Give synonyms and antonyms .TEACHING VOCABULARY It is estimated that the average language learner needs a minimum of three thousands words to be able to carry on a conversation. photographs.Present the concept in a lively way by dramatizing.Use 11-Synonyms/antonyms 12.Phonetic description (in advanced classes0 3.Provide a definition or paraphrase E. miming or role playing C.Denotation (what other meanings exist beyond the dictionary definition) 10.Use realia (show the real object whenever possible) B.Supply the category to which the word belongs F. When presenting a new word in class.Use flashcards.
A library A hospital A department store A restaurant An airport A hair salon A school A bank A supermarket A doctor's office A post office An office A garage A hotel A police station A fire department A pet shop A veterinarian A bookstore clinic A courthouse .WHO WORKS HERE? WRITE THE NAMES OF THE JOBS CORRESPONDING TO THE PLACE. Variation: Dictate the names of the jobs students have learned in class and have them write each one in the appropriate square.
Things that: A soldier uses A teacher uses A photographer uses That are blue That are round Made of paper Made of wood That one can read That one can travel in That are red That are liquid That are square That you can sleep in That you can drink That are made of glass That you can open That you can drive Things that are wet things that are cold things a baby plays with things that are hot things that are old things that are beautiful things that are invaluable things a carpenter uses things found in the kitchen things made of metal things a doctor uses things that are dry things a dancer uses things you can wear things you can eat things that are triangular things that are flat things that are deep things that are rough . Note: Explain to students objects must come in that state naturally. The students with the longest list at the end would win a small prize. Pair or group students and then tell them you'll be calling out for objects belonging to a particular category. Example: The sea is wet.KINDS OF THINGS THAT… Here is an activity particularly useful to review vocabulary with the lower level students.
DILETTANTE 4.The hurricane must take the roof off the house before she heeds the warning.His trifling knowledge is his only interest. sparks fly. disbeliever I. lush D. DIABOLIC 2. INEBRIATE A. _______________________ 5. AGNOSTIC 6.bellyacher __H__________________ 10.His repulsive table manners make us lose our appetites.If you want to make him happy.Don't be wowed by his commendatory remarks. _______________________ 6._______________________ 8._______________________ 7. MENDACIOUS 7. flatterer J. hatred F. superficial sham _D_______________ 5.His pitchfork is always ready and aimed. ENMITY 8.His medical expenses could sustain a hospital. hot head __A_____________________ 8.When enemies meet._______________________ 3.repulsive rat __A________________ . ______________________ Write the word suggested by each description below. which most closely relates to each word in the left column.If you invite her. HYPOCHONDRIAC 5. ABHORRENT 10. Use the letter given as a clue. doubting Thomas _A______________ 6. detestable B._______________________ 4. bar fly __I___________________ 9. serve only black coffee. dabbler H. start a fight. Write the appropriate letters in the left margin. sweet talker _S_______________ 7. opponent E.Honesty is not her outstanding virtue. ______________ 10. tale spinner __M_____________ 2. ANTAGONIST 9. 1. ________________________ 2. liar C. complainer Write one of the ten words that best describes each of the following situations or ideas: 1. white heat __E_________________ 4. devilish G. 1._____ 9. inferno dweller _D_______________ 3. SYCOPHANT 3.WORDS TO INSULT THE FOLKS YOU DISLIKE Choose the word or phrase in the right column.
What is the name of a sour fruit? ____________________________________ 18.What is the name of the vegetable that can make you cry? _____________ 14.WHAT DO YOU CALL THE THING THAT ……………………….What is the name of a big airplane that can carry many people? _________ 15.What do you call the thing that you play tennis with? __________________ 11.What is the name of the small thing that you use to open a door? ________ 13.What is the name of an animal that can fly? ___________________________ 16.What do you call the thing we buy at the post office to mail letters? ______ 20.What do you call the things you use to tie your shoes? _________________ 25.What do you call a baby dog? _______________________________________ 22.What is a word that means "on time"? _______________________________ .What is the name of the yellow fruit that monkeys like to eat? ___________ 12. What do you call the machine for calling people? ______________________ 3. And. What to do you call the thing that opens cans? ________________________ 2. Can you understand them? 1. What do you call the thing that women carry their money in? ___________ 5. What do you call the white things in the sky? _________________________ 10.What do you call a machine that washes dishes? ______________________ 24.What is the name for a round piece of metal money? ___________________ 23.What's the name for the thing you sleep on? __________________________ 17. What do you call the thing that you read in a restaurant? ______________ 8. What do you call the thing that men carry their money in? ______________ 4.What do you call the thing that we use to cut food with? _______________ 21. What do you call the metal things that we spend at the store? ___________ 6. if it is paper? _________________________ 7. What do you call the 26 letters of English? _________________________ 9.What do we call 365 days? ________________________________________ 26.What do you call the hair above a man's mouth? ______________________ 19.? Here are some questions.
Which Word is Out? The words on the right are all synonyms except for one. Underline the word that does not fit. Example: SPEAK: say talk transfer utter a) APPLAUD: b) CHECK: c) DESIRE e) FRIGHTEN: f) GET: g) STEAL: h) THROW: i) ARGUMENT: j) AWARD: l) DUSK: m)HAPPINESS: n) LIE: o) SCENT: p) WORK: q) BRAVE: r) CRAZY: s) DELICIOUS: t) FAKE: v) NASTY: u) NERVOUS: x) RICH: y) CLOSE: z) DELAY: aa)) DISCOVER: bb) IRRITATE: dd) RELAX: acclaim examine alter alarm acquire captivate chuck(informal) dispute junk dawn bliss fabrication aroma assignment courageous deranged appetizing counterfeit lazy agile censure inspect crave disillusion prosper gain nick (informal) fetch hazard medal mess nightfall capture fib fragrance chore fearless insane enchanting dingy malicious anxious bigoted merge put off burst bother border rest cheer merit fancy let down scare lock rob lob quarrel prize muddle sunset delight gutter perfume crook (informal) heroic nuts (informal) mouthwatering forged mean jumpy naïve wealthy seal suspend come across pester bounty take it easy praise probe wish for smudge startle obtain shoplift toss row trophy poverty twilight joy invention stream job unselfish tedious tasty phony (informal) spiteful on the edge partisan well-off shut tell off (informal) find vanish perimeter unwind d) DISAPPOINT: dissatisfy k) CONFUSION: disorder w) PREJUDICED: biased fasten postpone bring to light annoy carry on loaded (informal) skint (informal) cc) BOUNDARY: barrier .
A paleontologist ________________________________________________ 4. An underwriter ________________________________________________ 14. of connection. Take a look at the word below and see if you know what the following people do. A podiatrist ___________________________________________________ 12.An ombudsman ______________________________________________ 30. Sometimes those occupations are opaque and mysterious because we don't know what the words mean. A soothsayer _________________________________________________ 28.A philatelist ___________________________________________________ 3. what the titles or classifications indicate. A concierge _____________________________________________________ 29. A urologist ____________________________________________________ 11. A demographer _________________________________________________ 10. A docent ___________________________________________________ 26. A lepidopterist _______________________________________________ 25. A numismatist _________________________________________________ 2. A haberdasher ________________________________________________ 16. A diva ______________________________________________________ 22. An epidemiologist ____________________________________________ 27. A graphologist _______________________________________________ 23. A sommelier _________________________________________________ 24. 1. A detailer ____________________________________________________ 19. The ritual of introduction always has to do with establishing what other people do. A picador___________________________________________________ 20. A proctologist __________________________________________________ 5. A taxonomist _________________________________________________ 17. A hydrologist _________________________________________________ 13. An arbitrager ___________________________________________________ 6. An ICU nurse _________________________________________________ 15.A gerontologist _______________________________________________ .A cartographer _________________________________________________ 8. A key grip _____________________________________________________ 7. A cryptographer ________________________________________________ 9. A tout _______________________________________________________ 18.WHAT DO THEY DO? What people do for a living is one point of contact. A semanticist _________________________________________________ 21.
fear of books P.fear of vomiting O. Our fears can be rational or illogical.scriptophobia 15-sociophobia 16-monophobia 17.fear of pain Q.olfactophobia 14.glossophobia 11. Take a look at the following list of fears and see if you can find the matching definition for the term.fear of men V.fear of marriage N.bibliophobia 4.fear of dead things T.ergophobia 8.homophobia 20-photophobia 21.fear of bathing S.fear of strangers or foreigners C-fear of writing in public D-fear of society or people in general E.fear of work X.suriphobia 26-xenophobia MEANING A.fear of automobiles J.fear of knowledge .emetophobia 7. Write the corresponding number next to it.macrophobia 12.lygophobia 24-necrophobia 25.technophobia 18-ablutophobia 19.fear of colors U.acrophobia 2-algophobia 3.NAME YOUR FEAR Most people are afraid of something.claustrophobia 6.fear of solitude or being alone Y.fear of long waits K.fear of speaking in public L-fear of saints or holy things M.fear of becoming a homosexual F -fear of light G. PHOBIA 1.androphobia 23.fear of technology I.gamophobia 9.fear of smells H.fear of heights R.chromophobia 5.fear of confined spaces W.hagiophobia 10.sophophobia 22.motorphobia 13.fear of mice B.fear of darkness Z.
Linen Lace Ivory Crystal China Silver Pearl Coral Ruby Sapphire Gold Emerald Diamond Platinum Diamond AMERICAN Paper Cotton Leather Linen. Copper Bronze. Willow Tin Steel Silk. Silk Wood Iron Wool.WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES YEAR 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 20th 25th 30th 35th 40th 45th 50th 55th 60th 70th 75th BRITISH Cotton Paper Leather Fruit. Aluminum Steel Silk Lace Ivory Crystal China Silver Pearl Coral. Copper Bronze Pottery Tin. Jade Ruby Sapphire Gold Emerald Diamond Platinum Diamond MODERN Clocks China Crystal Appliances S Wooden Desk Items Linen. Pottery Pottery. Lace Leather Diamond Jewelry Pearls Textile. Flowers Wood Sugar Wool. furs Gold Watches Platinum Sterling Silver Diamond Jade Ruby Sapphire Gold Emerald Diamond Platinum Diamond .
out = beyond. exceeding: The women outnumbered the men at the party. . over = excessively: Overripe fruit doesn't taste good and might not keep well. but I'm still dissatisfied with it. miss = wrongly: "Accommodation" is a word that is frequently misspelled. for oneself: The country is self-sufficient in oil. PREFIX un dis in im il stable agreeable accurate mature legal BASE WORDS satisfactory satisfied accessible moral legitimate helpful count adequate patient licit Choose one of the prefixes listed above to form the opposite meaning of the adjectives listed below. In this exercise. under = inadequately: The car is so underpowered that it won't go up hills. ultra = extremely: I wouldn't like to live in an ultra-modern building. we will be using prefixes to form the opposite meaning of the original adjectives. re = again: I've rewritten the letter. un = reversal of action: This knot is tight that I can't undo it. self = to. or antonyms.PREFIXES Prefixes are syllables or groups of words joined at the beginning of another word to change its meaning or to create a new word. acceptable complete decisive faithful healthy mortal personal respectful approachable conscious desirable flexible hospitable natural perfect sane appropriate contented discreet foreseen legible obedient polite sociable bearable convenient excusable frequent literate organized probable sufficient compatible credible experienced grateful logical passive readable visible The following prefixes alter the meaning of the words or their function within a sentence.
assure bid build button calculate cautious charge consider control cook count decorate do defense dress grow interest last live load lock open pack play print quote powered read record release report roll run sensitive screw staffed tell think tie understand unite use wind wit write .Use the prefixes listed above to alter the meaning of the words listed below. Some can be used more than once.
diagonally or up and down shouts "Bingo". Topic: _____________________ Name: _________________ B doctor I hairdresser N teacher G accountant O teller driver waiter nurse police officer dentist lawyer librarian FREE babysitter homemaker barber student custodian firefighter cook real estate veterinarian agent secretary custodian agronomist .OCCUPATIONAL BINGO Read the description for each occupation twice. The student who first identifies five across. Game can continue until there is a total "blackout".
comb ____________ 8. home. rolling ____________ 2. toe. rock ___________ 11. Then find the word in the Word List that is related to each word in the group and write it on the line.COMPARING WORD MEANING Read the word in each group below. night. play ____________ 3. ship's. musical. wagon. drinking. boxing. six-penny WORD LIST wheel shell teeth plate bed story pen light nail star key ring pin glass table . pie. picture. sky ___________ 15. window ___________ 12. bathtub. steering. egg. sea. answer. piano. _____pin____ 1. time ___________ 14. field. multiplication. potter's. clothes. bull. dinner. bowling. pig. short. roofing. finger. spinning ____________ 4. code ___________ 13. eye. shooting. saw. lucky ____________ 7. water. gear. telephone ____________ 5. rake. straight. news ____________ 9. general's. dining. safety. flower. ball-point. movie. paper. false. hospital. tree. lock. circus. mystery. finishing. spy. The first one is done for you. snail ____________ 6. flash. license ___________ 10. sun.
A homeowner who dislikes maintenance chores. 20 a family who enjoys nature 21.a sailor 9. 1.PLACES – BUILDINGS PEOPLE LIVE IN Match the person to the building they live in.a nun 3.a logger in Washington State 5.vacationers on a limited budget 10.a very wealthy family 8.the President of the U.salesperson away from home 11.a successful advertising executive 14.skiers in the mountains 12. a tramp or bum 16.a rich married couple on vacation 18. a single person who likes living in the city S) bed and breakfast T)a motel V)a condominium U)a single family home W) an apartment Y)a farmhouse X) a duplex Z. shed or cardboard box G)an old hut H)the White House I)a monastery J)a log cabin K) a chalet L)an igloo M) a guest house N)a palace or castle O)a ranch P)a villa R) a wigwam or tepee 17.an Eskimo 2.a monk 13.an eighty-year-old with no living relatives Q) a penthouse (suite) 19.a homeowner looking to share expenses 23.S.a soldier 6. a young couple with children A) a convent or nunnery B)a tent or camper C)a nursing home D)barracks or living quarters E)an aircraft carrier F)a shanty. 7. an estate .a cowboy 15.a camper / hiker 4. a 19th century American Indian 26.a couple who likes the outdoors 22. a rich and famous person 25.a queen 24.
keep your money in an account which receives interest is called a _____________________________________. 11. you would go to a _. 13. CDs or movies. you would go to a __________.A place where you can go to see many different kinds of fish swimming is called an ________________. If you want to sell your house. 5.A place that serves drinks such as beer and whiskey and where people go to relax and meet friends is called a ___________________________. 20. 14. If you want to borrow books. If you need to arrange a burial. post letters and pay bills is called a _____. 4. you would go to the______. 1. If you want to watch a basketball game or a soccer match. you would go to a _______________________. you would go to a _______. you would go to a ________________________________. you would go to a _______.PLACES TO GO FOR A PURPOSE Amusement park Aquarium Art museum Bank Bar or pub Concert hall Convenience store Dry cleaners Funeral parlor Laundromat Law firm Library Plumber Post office Realtor Sports stadium Travel agency Zoo Employment agency Cinema or theater Fill in the blanks by choosing one of the places from the list above. If you want to see monkeys. you need to call a ____________. 3. but you don't have a washing machine. The place where rock musicians and orchestras play is called a _____________. buy a new one or rent a place to live. The building where you go to see the latest blockbuster movie is called a ____. which can't be washed at home. 6. A place where famous paintings and sculptures are kept and displayed to the public is called a ___________________________. 12. but are looking for one. Dirty clothes. The place where you go if you want to ride on a roller coaster or drive bumper cars is called an _____________________________________. 10. 17. 15. are taken to a _____________. If you want to hire a lawyer or draw up your will. lions.A place where you can arrange loans. tigers and bears. 7. 9. A place where you go to book a vacation (trip) and buy train tickets is a _____. you might go to a __________. 8. 18. 2. A place where you can buy stamps.If you need to buy grocery items or a newspaper. 19. 16. If you don't have a job. . If your clothes need washing. If you have a burst pipe or a leaking faucet. you would go to a __________________________________.
1.A cook / chef is someone who ________________________________________ 14.A mechanic is someone who ________________________________________ 18.A gardener is someone who _________________________________________ 16.A farmer is someone who __________________________________________ 9.A housekeeper is someone who _____________________________________ 10.A librarian is someone who _________________________________________ 12-A machine operator is someone who __________________________________ 13.A custodian is someone who ________________________________________ 2.A maintenance person is someone who ________________________________ 15.A secretary is someone who _____________________ . Example: An electrician is someone who installs or repairs electrical wiring.A pharmacist is someone who _______________________________________ 4.A bus driver is someone who _______________________________________ 11.A nurse is someone who ___________________________________________ 19.A mover is someone who __________________________________________ 17.A babysitter is someone who _______________________________________ 20.A locksmith is someone who _______________________________________ 5.OCCUPATIONS QUIZ a) cleans offices /schools b) prepares meals c) cuts men's hair d) operates machinery e) transports furniture f) fills and personal items prescriptions i)plants flowers /mows j) drives a bus the lawn m) makes repairs to buildings q) takes care of /watches children n) takes care of patients r) types letters / answers phones g) greets customers h) checks out books / offers information k) grows food / raises animals o) attends to sick animals s) opens / repairs locks l) cleans hotel / hospital rooms p) cuts /styles / colors hair t) repairs cars / trucks Complete each sentence by describing exactly what each person does.A barber is someone who ___________________________________________ 3.A veterinarian is someone who _____________________________________ 7.A hairdresser is someone who ______________________________________ 8.A receptionist is someone who ______________________________________ 6.
The lists of definitions are exchanged. without the original nouns. Divide the class into pairs or small groups and assign one of the lists to each one. List 1 A policeman A parrot A pen A pear Poland A post office A panda Pre-history List 4 Australia An apple August An airport An artist An African An alligator acid List 7 A Cow Canada A Chicken A Carpenter A Cigarette Coffee A Cinema Christmas List 10 Night New Zealand A newspaper A nurse A nut A neighbor A nose A name List 2 A duck A doctor Denmark A door December A dream A daughter A dollar List 5 Hollywood A helicopter A hand A hotel A holiday A hairdresser History A horse List 8 A television Thailand A tomato A tiger Tennis A taxi driver A ticket A tooth List 11 Wine West Virginia The winter A wife A witch Water The west A wall List 3 A book Bangladesh Bread A bedroom A baby A bottle A bus A birthday List 6 Spaghetti A shoe Saudi Arabia A shop A snake The sun The summer A scientist List 9 The morning Malaysia A mother A motorcycle A map Matches Money Milk List 12 An egg England An elephant The evening An emperor An engine Economics An entrance . Example: A post office: A place where you can buy stamps. They then copy their definitions. mainly reading and writing. and students work on each other's clues: what were the original nouns? And which letter began them all? Advanced students can compose the original list of nouns or add to this one.Nouns for Defining Use of relative clauses to define nouns. Ask them to come up with a definition for each noun. composing noun phrases with relative clauses.
fresh air 5. a bowl of V. luck 13. lightning 14. short stories 17. an article of . a fit of P. medicine 24. a plot of I. a spoonful of T. keys 7. a pane of H.poems 2 clothing 3. a bundle of J. nerves 4. a blade of D. thunder 9. a beam of C. life 25. a shot of Y. bread B. a slice of X. NOUN 1. applause 18. a piece of Q. gossip 16. sheep 21. a flock of L. land 12. light 22. sand 15. a bunch of K. a breath of M. glass 11. a flash of O. whiskey 20. a grain of W. a collection of R. a herd of E. grass 6. an anthology of F. a tube of S. a bit of G. a round of U. toothpaste 26. a clap of N. cows 8.COLLOCATIONS FOR NOUNS AND THEIR PARTITIVES Match the partitive on the right hand column to the appropriate noun on the left. soup 19. a bar of PARTITIVES A. anger 10. soap 23. a loaf of Z.
Instead of words. Here is the list: see sleep enjoy love color think want dance listen laugh have live miss draw drive eat hear make shop wear read sit buy say arrive write stand pour care fix study open cut give marry talk visit put pray sing speak take show leave smile come apply teach close wish go try learn call hope fly ask like pass share Created by Caroline Ouyang . Bingo can be used to review vocabulary or phonetics.Bingo Bingo is a popular game for children and senior citizens. vertically. or diagonally. The purpose is to complete a row of five numbers horizontally. but each box must have a different verb. B I N G O Directions: Read the list of verbs below. You can write the verbs in any box. and they listen carefully to the speaker call out the numbers. Objective: To practice simple past tense & listening skills. Write a different verb in each box. Each player receives one game board with numbers in each square. pictures can be used in the game board. Materials: Paper. let's replace the numbers with words. pen Time: 15 minutes Variations: In addition to verb tense. To use Bingo to teach English.
MY PERSONAL STRENGTHS SHEET able to give orders able to take orders considerate cooperative funny generous hard worker healthy never gives up sensitive observant speaks several languages able to take care courteous of myself accepts advice creative gets along with helpful others gets things done gives a lot honest humorous often admired spiritual orderly organized spontaneous straight forward and direct strong team player tolerant trusting truthful understanding unselfish useful visionary warm well-dressed wise witty admires others daring affectionate alive appreciative articulate assertive athletic attractive bright brave businesslike calm can be firm if necessary caring clean committed dedicated dependable diligent disciplined goal setter good cook good dancer good friend independent inspiring intelligent joyful keeps agreements kind and reassuring leadership on time open patient peaceful physically fit pleasant positive attitude quick learner religious resilient respectful of authority respected by others responsible risk taker self-reliant self-respecting do what needs to good leader be done don't give up good listener eager to get good looking along with others eager to please effective efficient elegant good manners likes responsibility good neighbor lots of friends good parent good singer lovable loving loyal makes a difference encourage others good with details enjoys taking care of others fair feeling good with words good with your makes a good hands impression graceful grateful mathematical mechanical common sense forceful communicates frank and honest happy well compassionate friendly hard worker motivates others sense of humor musical sensible .
amusement virtuous. joyous. reply. brawl. attainment. honorable. foster. corpulent. support beat. acquaintance sport. adventurous. valiant low-cost. feud. pound. defective. accomplish vacant. companion. vex. concur ire. repair. despise. loathe assist. zest. pleasure just. experience. detest. irritate. demented. troublesome dislike. perplexing. request. thrash . unoccupied. upright cheerful. perform. aptitude adept. approximately disaster. peculiar annoy. animosity. fleshly. abhor. figure. lunatic. proper. amend. aid. courageous. ecstatic difficult. beseech backdrop. strike. recreation. reasonable true. fitting. insane. weird. near. dreadful. concede. exotic. implore. exact. equitable obese. consent. void. quarrel mend. unfilled adversary. inexpensive. retort. displeasure. skill. plump disagree. pious. rejoin beg. antagonist gusto. flavor. mishap. arduous. spoiled odd. goofy act. nearly. talent. cuckoo. credentials. rage respond. fore. merry. economical. right. restore pal. pastime. calculate. accurate. accomplishment. incident. execute. talented almost. strange. classmate.IN OTHER WORDS: SYNONYMS WORD ability able about accident achievement add agree anger answer ask background bad bizarre bother brave cheap correct crazy do empty enemy excitement fair fat fight fix friend game good happy hard hate help hit SYNONYMS power. combine. daring. faultless. fearless. precise mad. fulfillment amplify. terrible. adroit. rival. assent. disturb bold. past awful. skillful. calamity feat. history.
leading. doctrine announce. grasp. adjacent. fashion present. spacious. agile. notify uniform.holy honest hurt idea important invent job large law love near price quick quiet religion report same see shape show sly spirit stay story strange strict strong stupid sure surprise swift take teach travel try wide wise religious. artful life. hushed. obtuse certain. robust. demonstrate sneaky. snatch educate. rest. homogenous. journey attempt. principle affection. incompetent. mistreat. creed. devout open. relevant. silent. nimble. awe. learned . cunning. damage notion. intelligent. description abnormal. swift still. enthusiasm remain. apprehend. prodigious sage. edict. pious. huge. bordering cost. undertake vast. create employment. value. strive. senseless. instruct. boundless. atypical stern. occupation. belief. devotion adjoining. severe. construct. mold. dwell account. regulation. abuse. exhibit. rapid grab. expense fleet. devise. narration. develop trip. neighboring. saintly. tranquil faith. passion. attachment. endeavor. positive amazement. display. vitality. profession. equivalent view. concept. fast. crafty. rigid. train. work great. frank. principle. energy. seize. unusual. truthful injure. lively. proclaim. harsh powerful. assured. immense. perceive. declare. candid. thought significant. design. wait. gigantic rule. notice form. sensible. expedition. voyage. hearty. worth. irregular. brawny dull. essential design. report. unvarying. astonishment speedy. confident.
thumb) 13. inexpensive) 7. buy.tea / cup: soup/______________ (liquid. over. drank) 4. lost) 18. hours / days: years/ _____________ ( seconds. tall. face. shake. penny. game. chicken. too. grab. blackboard) 20. dark) 11. light) 9. warm) 14. fire. depth) 17. coffee. patient) 2. duck. throw. mouth) 22. cheap. watch. eggs. again. happy) 19.yellow / lemon: purple/______________ (color. sad. easy. arm. frown. quartet. fruit. grape. dentist. fruit. heavy. cough. white) . horse) 3. plate) 16. knee. dime / ten: nickel/ _______________ (five. laugh / cry: smile/___________ (whisper. antique) 1. pencil. shoes) 15. watch / wrist: ring/ ________________ (neck.kite / fly: ball/ ________________ ( pull. inside) 23. kitten. nurse.on / off: top/_________________ (under. vegetable / corn: flower/________________ (beautiful. boot) 6. strong / weak: dark/ _______________ (black. body. drunk.raw /cooked: green/ _______________ ( pretty. study. hospital. cold / freeze: hot/________________ (danger. arm.puppy /dog : calf/________________(cow. bowl. tulip) 12. wide / long: width/___________ ( height. melt. one / won: two/_______________ ( three. months) 24. cent) 5. cut) 25. eat / ate: drink/__________________ (glass. newspaper / read: television/_____________ (radio. money. sale. decades. finger) 10. teacher / school : doctor/__________________ (sick. and then write the word that makes the same relationship in the second pair. foot / sock: hand/________________ (glove. talk) 21. two / pair: twelve/______________ (dozen. bouquet. Example: big / little: old / new (large . weeks.pen / paper: chalk/___________ (eraser. often. bottom. arm / elbow: leg/_________________ (toes. man / men: tooth/__________________ ( teeth.ANALOGIES Find the relationship between the words in the first pair. jewelry. boring / interesting : cheap/____________ (costly. "pre" / before: "post"/ ______________ (after. notebook. new . ripe. length. late) 8.
a) Alive is the same as: b) Bleak is the same as: c) Create is the same as: d) Drudge is the same as: e) Eager is the same as f) Fraternal is the same as: h) Liberal is the same as: i) Keepsake is the same as: j) Ideal is the same as: k) Grapple is the same as: l)To leave is the same as: n) Harken is the same as: o) Earn is the same as: p) Dangle is the same as: q) Yearn is the same as: r) Perpetual is the same as: s) Organize is the same as: t) Satisfied is the same as: v) Trapped is the same as: u) Valor is the same is as: w) Alter is the same as: x) Caress if the same as: y) Demand is the same as: z) Refined is the same as: Animated Cold Make Dull Keen Kindly Free Memento Cheap Handle Depart Listen Behave Decorate Long Infinite Arrange Pleased Killed Sincerity Enlarge Whisper Leave Delicate Busy Gloomy Excite Toil Excited Wise Bizarre Generous Gift Flawless Wrestle Escape Dislike Wait Obtain Hang Swipe Occasional Support Contented Caught Virtue Change Sing Ask Snobbish Exciting Hard Grow Brown Quick Brotherly Obvious Socialist Bribe Useful Frame Engross Greed Entertain Have Destroy Deflate Continual Lead Proud Closed Bravery Sustain Stroke Endanger Precious g) Grotesque is the same as: Funny m) Begrudge is the same as: Envy .SYNONYMS Circle the word that come closest in meaning to the one on the left.
ANTONYMS Circle the word that has the opposite meaning to the one on the left. a) The opposite of eager is: b) The opposite of grateful is: Slovenly euphoric Lethargic thankless rich superficial keen dreamy relaxed extinct jejune delectation vacuous insipid listless advance cloudy noisy strange cheerful light civilized perdition lying order marshy traditional delighted Disinterested ingratiating spiteful recondite industrious strange jaded bygone earnest rectitude sordid fascinating sleepy fight witty gradual normal dreadful hilarious polite contumely rude universe fertile grotesque scared c) The opposite of generous is: mean d) The opposite of profound is: abysmal e) The opposite of lazy is: f) The opposite of real is: g) The opposite of tense is: h) The opposite of defunct is: i)The opposite of frivolous is: j) The opposite of grief is: k) The opposite of crowded is: l) The opposite of jejune is: n) The opposite of retreat is: o) The opposite of sharp is: q) The opposite of ordinary is: r) The opposite of glum is: s) The opposite of gravid is: busy imaginary happy extant flighty parsimony replete mediocre flee dull unusual morose barren m) The opposite of energetic is: drowsy p) The opposite of quiescent is: frolicsome t) The opposite of barbarous is: kind v) The opposite of contempt is: esteem u) The opposite of tactful is: w) The opposite of chaos is: x) The opposite of arid is: y) The opposite of bizarre is: z) The opposite of thrilled is: blunt conformity wet outlandish sad .
WHICH ONE IS THE ODD ONE OUT? For each sentence below.Which dish is the odd one out? a) pilaf b) risotto c) paella d) cannelloni 11. 1.Which performance is the odd one out? a) opera b) concerto c) musical d) operetta . select the one that is not part of the group.Which country is the odd one out? a) Taiwan b) Russia c) China d) Hong Kong 5-Which bird is the odd one out? a) cuckoo b) penguin c) emu d) ostrich 6-Which piece of clothing is the odd one out? a) clog b) sarong c) pump d) moccasin 7-Which animal is the odd one out? a) marmoset b) orangutan c) gorilla 8-Which product is the odd one out? a) leather b) fur c) cotton d) wool d) gibbon 9.Which fruit is the odd one out? a) raisin b) currant c) fig d) sultan 4.Which drink is the odd one out? a) milk b) tea c) coffee d) cocoa 12.Which musical instrument is the odd one out? a) trumpet b) oboe c) clarinet d) flute 10.Which bird is the odd one out? a) eagle b) vulture c) crow d) falcon 2-Which language is the odd one out? a) Chinese b) English c) French d) Spanish 3. Indicate the reason(s) for your decision by deciding into what category your selections belong.
the following questions can be written on newsprint or on the blackboard to guide them during the activity. The students then walk around asking other students questions to determine what's printed on their backs. To help students identify what their jobs are.WHAT DO I DO? OR WHAT IS MY JOB? Print a variety of jobs on sticky notes or pieces of paper and pin them to the back of the students. Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Do I work in an office? Do people like me? Do I work inside? Do I work outside? Do I get elected? Do I work with people/animals/children/plants/the elderly? Does a man or a woman do my job? Do I work with food? Do I wear a uniform? Do I need special tools? Do I carry a weapon? Do I give orders? Do I have to travel a lot? Do I work alone? Do I treat sick people? Who benefits from my work? Is my work dangerous? Do I get a large salary? Do I use a computer? Do I meet a lot of people? Do I work in a safe/clean/dirty/noisy/quiet place? Is my job fun? Do I make something/ Am I athletic? Do I need a special license to do my work? Do I handle money? Am I well known? .
Something difficult to do __________________________________________ 20.A place to swim _______________________________________________ 14.A flying insect _________________________________________________ 18. Something hot _________________________________ .A snack food __________________________________________________ 8. It helps them to understand what you mean.Something sharp _______________________________________________ 15.A bad habit _____________________________________________________ 2.A place to shop ________________________________________________ 7. Give an example for each thing listed below.An irritating sound ______________________________________________ 5.GIVE AN EXAMPLE Try to give an example when you are talking to others.Something triangular ____________________________________________ 6. 1.Something cold _________________________________________________ 19.Something with fur ______________________________________________ 3.Something round _______________________________________________ 11-A bad quality in a friend _________________________________________ 12.A good quality in a friend ________________________________________ 9.A helpful thing to do ____________________________________________ 17.A good idea ___________________________________________________ 13.A sour fruit ___________________________________________________ 16.A form of transportation __________________________________________ 4.Somewhere you would find a crowd ________________________________ 10. Practice that skill.
with a diameter less than 2 inches (5cm)__ 14. used for measuring ______________ 15. found in a desk ________________ 20. used for stirring ____________________ 17. that turns _____________________ 18. made of rubber _____________ 11. that operates with batteries ____________ 19. made of glass __________________ 2. that will hold liquid _____________ 26.used for sewing ________________ 16. made of plastic ______________ 9. with a pointed end ____________ 13. used for decorating________________ 29.FIND SOMETHING……. made of wood ___________________ 23. that makes noise ____________ 5. for a baby_______________ 30. a bird would like ___________ 6. that is wet ___________________ . used in construction______________ 21. with a pleasant smell ______ 22. that feels rough _________________ 10. square __________________ 8. that grows on a tree ____________ 12. used to set a table ______________ 28. round __________________ 3. with holes in it ___________________ 25. that is bright color ______________ 24. 1. you take on a picnic______________ 7. longer than 4 inches (10 cm)________ 27. found on a birthday cake __________ 4.
FAMILY RELATIONS NAME aunt baby boyfriend (romantic) brother brother-in-law cousin daughter daughter-in-law ex-husband ex-wife Father/dad father-in-law fiancé fiancee girlfriend (romantic) goddaughter godfather godmother godson grandchild grandchildren grandfather grandmother grandparents half brother half sister husband Mother/mom mother-in-law PRONUNCIATION TRANSLATION .
nephew niece parents-in-law sister sister-in-law son son-in-law stepbrother stepchild stepchildren stepdaughter stepfather stepmother stepsister stepson uncle wife .
He is my _________________________________. He is married to my sister. She is my wife. 27. She is my ______________________. I'm his _____________________. 25. He's my __________________________. He is my ______________________. 22. Write the correct family relationship on the line. I'm his _______________________. 30. I am his grandchild. 16. He is my brother's son. My husband's parents are my _________________________. 9. She is my _____________________. 19. 15. 4. 21. 20.FAMILY RELATIONSHIP QUIZ Read the sentences carefully. I'm her ________________________. I'm her ______________________. She is my grandmother. My mother's mother is my ________________________. He is my _____________________. She is his ___________________. I'm her ___________________________________. We are their ___________________. I used to be married to her. . My uncle's children are my _______________________. He is her _____________________________. Dictate each sentence twice and have students read the corresponding answer. He's my stepson. I'm her brother. He is my brother. 12. 17. She is my wife's mother. I am his ___________________. 10. 3. I baptized him. She is my ___________________. My grandson's son is my ________________________. She is my ____________________________. They are our parents. He is my _________________________________. I am his son. 13. I'm her ____________________. 29. I'm his cousin. 11. He is my uncle. They are our ____________________________. I am her daughter. 2. We are their children. I am his nephew. 7. I'm her ___________________. 28. 1. 14. He is my husband. She is his mother. He is my _________________. He is her brother. He is my _______________________________________. Variation: Write the family terms on individual cards and distribute to your students. 23. 24. I'm her cousin. She is my godchild. 5. I'm his _________________________. She is my_________________. 8. 18. She is my cousin. My grandmother's sister is my __ _________________. She is my sister's daughter. 6. 26.
Citroen Wear it ___ Eat it ___Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it . Bolero Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 10. Ouzo 3.Chorizo 7. Haiku 9. Benedictine Wear it ___ Eat it ___Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 15. Sarong 13. Mantilla 8. 1. Couscous Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 11. Dashiki 4. Telex Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___ Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ Wear it ___Eat it ___ Read it ___ Spend it ___ Drink it ____ Drive it _____ Fly it _____ 14. Potboiler 5. Lorgnette 2.FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE What is the proper use of the following things? Put a check mark next to the appropriate choice. Jitney 12. Gherkin 6.
knows someone who is self-employed. ___________________ ______________________ SIGNATURE ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ___________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ . Feels uncomfortable in hot weather. thinks hospitals are antiseptic places. has seen the reentry of a space shuttle. ___________________ mother is bilingual. overslept one time last week. can name a fictional superhero. participates in an extracurricular activity. can name a subtitled movie he or she has seen.THE INTERACTIVE PREFIX SURVEY GET THE SIGNATURE OF SOMEONE WHO…… is in favor of prenuptial agreements. AND ADD SOMONE WHOSE… name is often mispronounced by native speakers of English. disagrees with his/her parents or children about curfew. father is a nonsmoker. disapproves of teachers wearing jeans prefers semisweet chocolate bars to milk chocolate would take an interplanetary trip if possible.
adult entertainer 18.slip-ons 24.motion discomfort 26.guest worker 21.beauty mark 25.room attendant a) to die b) meat from the chicken's breast c) a liar d) a person who doesn't attend church e) pornography f) gravedigger g) loafers h) maid i) uniforms j) jet ski k) a blind person l) cardboard house m) seasickness n) one who supports abortion 0) involuntary pregnancy termination p) the library q) meat from the chicken's thigh r) a mole s) police officer t) reducing the number of employees u) Where's the toilet? v) old person w) a drug addict x) porn star y) junk mail z) an illegal immigrant MEANING: .law enforcement officer 3.career apparel 17.substance abuser 12.Where can I wash my hands? 14.make-shift home 19.to pass away 10.undertaker 4.adult video / entertainment 8. for example.personal watercraft 5.dark meat 22.senior citizen 2.person with a visual impairment 11.economical with the truth 9.white meat 7.pro-choice 6.nonbelievers 16. Most people.EUPHEMISMS A euphemism (from the Greek words eu – well and pheme – speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or bodily functions. would find it very difficult to say in plain language that they have arranged for their sick old dog to be killed.downsizing 13.miscarriage 15.direct marketing 20. EUPHEMISM: 1.learning resource center 23. They would soften the pain by saying: We had Fido put down or We had Fido put to sleep.
Barbie doll has become identified with a slim.Listerine 31.an amusement ride consisting of a rotating wheel.Frigidaire 11-Frisbee 12-Hi-liter 13.Vaseline 24-Walkman 25-Ferris wheel 26-Pampers / Huggies 27.cellophane adhesive tape N-disposable diapers O.round hard candy T.Pop Tart PROPER NAME A.Levi's 16-Lifesavers 17-Liquid Paper 18.Thermos 30.nutrition supplement drink for athletes CC.a brand name for opaque correction fluid EE.instant film camera Y.toaster pastry P.Ziploc 2.Chap Stick 6. Example: Jell-O has become identified as the name for fruit-flavored gelatin.Band-aid 3-Brillo-pads 4.a brand of electric refrigerator FF. Match the name or brand on the left column with the real product on the right.a brand of food processor W.compact utility station wagon F.a flavored lip balm stick L.anti-septic mouthwash M.Polaroid 20. .pencil-style highlighting marker C.pants made of denim fabric Z-a flying disk AA. blue eyes and fair skin.Vick's 32. NAME OR BRAND 1.Popsicle 22.self-stick removable reminder note V.disposable cups Q-instant coffee R.plastic adhesive bandage strip H.colored ice candy on a stick I-soft facial tissue J.portable cassette or CD player D.a scouring pad impregnated with soap X.a soft pastry bar filled with fig U.a marker with its own source of ink DD.Magic Marker 19.Q-tips 23.cotton swab applicator E.Velcro 28-Post-it-note 29.a brand of plastic storage bags BB.Kleenex 15. especially one with blond hair.thermal insulated bottle or box G. shapely woman.Cuisinart 7-Scotch Tape 8-Dixie cup 9-Fig Newton 10.Sanka 21.Gatorade 5.EPONYMS Eponyms are words that have been formed based on the name of a person (real or fictitious) or brand.pure petroleum jelly S.hook and loop fastener K.Jeep 14.a nasal decongestant cream B.
Cross out the one that does not belong. An example has been completed for you. You must provide a reasonable rationale for your choice as multiple answers are possible.ELIMINATION GAME One of the words in each group below does not belong. a) car b) cookies c) clouds d) book e) scissors f) horse g) skirt h) water i) man j) television k) snake l) owl m) pencil n) shell o) foot p) window r) compact disk s) apple t) river v) floor u) refrigerator train cake grass telephone knife cow shirt banana house radio frog desk paper water mouth porch record vinegar lake pot stove airplane ice stars newspaper fork cat umbrella milk tree money bird student crayon ruler nose door book peach road dish dryer computer pie moon magazine spoon flower sock juice fish computer rock chair pen sand ear bread cassette strawberry mountain bowl lawnmower .
Equity retreat 13.Sex industry worker 2-Auto dismantler and recycler 3.Permanent pre-hostility 24-Inner city 25.civilian deaths J-death house K.prostitute Y. Translate doublespeak by selecting the clear.tax V. three or ten words in the place of one.Civil disorder 21.false teeth S. plain English meaning from the words on the right from the words on the left. Doublespeak refers to the use of two.riot O-prison P-used Q-junk dealer R.Nail technician 10.Classified 4.Fiscal underachiever 8.peace M.poor D.User's fee 7. ghetto L.Previously owned 15-Facial-quality tissue 16.Interrogation techniques 19-Genuine imitation 20.loss U.tax increase B-dry cleaner C.Occasional irregularity 11. In doublespeak.Capital punishment PLAIN MEANING A. Doublespeak is the language that separates the bureaucrats from the human beings.torture X.Urban transportation specialist 22.slum.DOUBLESPEAK Doublespeak refers to language use mainly by government bureaucrats to confuse the average citizen. government officials use a five-letter word such as "at this point in time" for the more practical word "now".Revenue enhancement 5.cab or bus driver W.Collateral casualty 12.Internment excavation expert 26.secret Z-prisoner of war .Detainee 6. DOUBLESPEAK 1.fake N.death penalty E-manicurist F-constipation G.Social expression products 17-Clothing refresher 18.Correctional facility 23.Dentures 9.gravedigger T.toilet paper H-greeting cards I.Capital sentences unit 14.
arms) cast (of actors) choir clan class clutch (of eggs) colony committee company congregation corporation council crew crowd crush (of hippopotamus) deck (of cards) department enemy faculty family firm fleet . Our team has won the tournament. animals or things that are considered as a group and not as individuals. The verb that follows the collective noun is always used in the singular.COLLECTIVE NOUNS A collective noun is a noun that defines a collection of persons. Example: The choir is rehearsing tonight. flock gang government group grove herd horde jury league litter majority minority mob nation navy nest (of vipers) network orchestra pack pride (of lions) pod public range (of mountains) regiment school senate squad society staff swarm team troop troupe anthology archipelago army audience band batch belt (of asteroids) board brood bunch cabinet cache (of jewels.
CLIPPED WORDS Clipped words are the shortened forms of longer words. ad (advertisement auto (automobile) bike (bicycle) bra (brassiere) burger (hamburger) bus (omnibus) champ (champion) Co-ed (co-educational) con (convict) deli (delicatessen) dorm (dormitory) exam (examination) fan (fanatic) fax (facsimile) flu (influenza) fridge (refrigerator) gas (gasoline) gym (gymnasium) lab (laboratory) limo (limousine) Lube (lubrication) lunch (luncheon) math (mathematics) memo (memorandum) mike (microphone) movie (moving picture) pants (pantaloons) Pen (penitentiary) perk (perquisite) phone (telephone) photo (photograph) Pike (turnpike) plane (airplane) pro (professional) prom (promenade) props (properties) stereo (stereophonic) sub (submarine) taxi (taxicab) teen (teenager) tie (necktie) tux (tuxedo) typo (typographical error) van (caravan) vet (veterinarian) vet (veteran) zines (magazines) zoo (zoological park) .
PORTMANTEAU WORDS A Portmanteau word is a word created by combining the sound and meaning two different words to give it a new meaning. bit (binary + digit) brunch (breakfast + lunch) chortle (chuckle + snort) conman (confidence + man) dumfound( dumb + confound) email (electronic + mail) fanzine (fan + magazine) Frenemy (friend + enemy) flurry (flutter + hurry) fortnight (fourteen + nights) frizzle (fry + sizzle) glimmer (gleam + shimmer) malware (malicious + software moped (motor + pedal) emoticon (emotion + icon) ANIMALS AND THEIR MEAT ANIMAL Buffalo Calf Chicken Cow Deer Goat Pig Sheep buffalo veal chicken Beef venison Goat meat pork Lamb/mutton (young or old sheep) MEAT motel (motor + hotel) pixel (picture + element) scifi (science + fiction) sitcom (situation + comedy) skylab (sky + laboratory) smash (smack + mash) smog (smoke + fog) Skype (sky + peer to peer) squiggle ( squirm + wiggle) paratroopers (parachute + troopers) telecast (television + broadcast) telethon (television + marathon) twirl ( twist + whirl) webinar (Worldwide web + seminar) Wi-Fi (wireless + fidelity) .
__________________________ of geese 12-__________________________ of gnats 13.__________________________ of peacocks 20-__________________________ of plovers 21-__________________________ of quails 22-__________________________ of rhinoceros 23.__________________________ of nightingales 19.__________________________ of bears 4.__________________________ of crows 9.__________________________ of cranes 8.__________________________ of leopards 18.A QUIZ OF COLLECTIVE NOUNS Match the animal with its appropriate collective noun.__________________________ of cats 7.__________________________ of ants 2.__________________________ of badgers 3.__________________________ of birds 6.__________________________ of swine 24.__________________________ of bees 5.__________________________ of hares 15.__________________________ of turtles .__________________________ of larks 17. bale clowder crash husk siege brace clutter drift knot skein kettle colony exaltation leap sleuth cete congregation gang murder volery charm covey hive muster watch 1.__________________________ of goldfinches 14.__________________________ of hawks 16.__________________________ of toads 25.__________________________ of elks 11.__________________________ of ducks 10.
Cork wool hat marshmallow penny paper clip glass envelope gold earrings automobile tire plastic drinking straw silk scarf peach pit ostrich feather magazine grass lettuce cotton seaweed man's beard chewing gum rubber band milk leather shoes orange juice balloon wooden toothpick bacon marbles aluminum foil fur coat key velvet curtains cherries cactus chocolate nylon hair newspaper water sand crayons coffee pearls candles egg pencil lead candy cane duck .ORIGINS ANIMAL. VEGETABLE OR MINERAL Divide these words into the three categories listed above.
The band is exiting/exciting the stadium now.Listen to the counsel / council of your elders. He is better at grammar than/then I am.This is really exciting/exiting! 28.I'm not sure weather / whether I can attend your class.There was an interesting collage / college hanging on the wall. 21.I think your / you're the best students around. 20-Ellen complimented / complemented Frank's tennis game.I admire the town's principal / principles. 25. 8. 26. 1-David had chocolate mousse for dessert / desert.DIFFICULT WORDS Circle the word that best completes the sentence. 24.The ordinance was approved by the council / counsel. 3-I really need to lose / loose some weight.I like English too / two. 19. 22. 23. 11-Who's / whose dictionary is this? 12. 2. 6-The Sahara dessert / desert is located in Africa. 13. 5-You need to begin every sentence with a capitol / capital letter. 10. 18. 29. 4-The capital / capitol of China is Beijing.Albie the dog knows its / it's name.All of my students are hear / here.Your / you're wife is beautiful. . 27.The experience had a profound affect / effect on her.We could not hear / here the teacher speaking. 30.The doctor's advise / advice was for me to take a complete rest. This is a side effect/affect of the medication.Why does Jose always loose / lose his socks? 9-You'll go to jail if you commit a capital / capitol offense.I wrote a letter on perfumed stationary / stationery. 15-The students took their / there test at home.The principle / principal is the head of the school. 7. 17.I hope the storm did not affect / effect your plans. 16. 14.
the deck 16. the kitchen 2. the hall 9. k) a place directly below the roof of a house. the family room 11. master bedroom 19. the basement 15. the rec room 10. the attic 14. j) a place with a floor and no roof attached to the house. t) an open or enclosed gallery to sit outside. n) a recreation room especially for the use of family members. the bathroom 7. q) a place that connects a house or garage to the street. m) a place below ground level. l)a place where wet or muddy clothes can be removed. the driveway 17. r) a place where a baby sleeps s) a place to sleep.AT HOME – PARTS OF THE HOUSE What are these rooms used for? Match each part of the house with what usually happens in it. the garden 6. the living room 8. nursery room 12. the bedroom 4. the dining room 3. the porch ACTIVITY a) a place to wash b) a veranda or roofed patio to relax c) a place to hang coats d) a place to relax and talk e) a place to cook f) a place to grow flowers and vegetables g) a place to keep the car h)a place to eat i) a place equipped for informal entertainment. the garage 5. mudroom 18. ROOM 1. p) a place where clothes are washed and ironed. . the laundry room 13. lanai 20. o) a place intended for husband and wife to rest.
What kinds of response help you most as a writer? 9. If your answer is NO. How did you learn to write? 3.How do you decide what you'll write about? Where do your ideas come from? 8.Why do people write? List as many reasons as you can think of.Are you a writer? __________________ (If your answer is YES. How do people learn to write? 4. How often do you write at home? 10.WRITING SURVEY NAME:______________________________DATE: _________________ 1. What does someone have to do or know in order to write well? 6. In general. What kinds of writing do you like to do? 7.) 2. 5. answer question 3. how do you feel about what you write? . answer 4.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY What is your name? How old are you? How many siblings do you have? What is your birth order? (First. youngest) Do you live with your parents? What is your favorite book and why? What do you like to do in your spare time? Who is your favorite singer? How do you feel about the environment? What is one city you would like to visit someday? What is your favorite song and why? What is your favorite childhood memory . middle.
INTEREST INVENTORY Student's Name ________________________________ Date:____________ When I have to read. books __________________________________________________________ People think I __________________________________________________________ I like to read about ______________________________________________________ Id' rather read than ______________________________________________________ To me. studying ________________________________________________________ I wish I could ___________________________________________________________ I look forward to ________________________________________________________ I'd read more if _________________________________________________________ When I read aloud ______________________________________________________ I would like to be ________________________________________________________ . I ___________________________________________________ To be grown up _________________________________________________________ My idea of a good time is _________________________________________________ School is _____________________________________________________________ I can't understand why ___________________________________________________ I wish teachers _________________________________________________________ Going to college ________________________________________________________ To me. homework _______________________________________________________ I wish people wouldn't ____________________________________________________ When I finish high school _________________________________________________ I'm afraid ______________________________________________________________ When I take my report card home __________________________________________ I feel proud when _______________________________________________________ The future looks ________________________________________________________ I like to read when _______________________________________________________ For me.
watching my favorite (3) _________________________ on the TV. With him is his dog. mom!!" Then. the ___________ (12) ___________________ and the (13) ________________________ as well. (9) _______________?" asks Jack. You can't believe what happens next ……………………. "Pocka and I want to see the animals in the (8) _____________________. Pocka. I invite them in and we all sit on the (7) ____________________. Suddenly. (15) __________________________. . It will be fun!" "OK. I have to tell my mother. "I want to play (10) ______________________.. I'll call her. It is three o'clock in the (1) ______________________. In ten minutes we are there. Let's go to the zoo. Jack . I hear some (4) ___________________________ outside. my friend from (5) ___________________________." "Please come." I answer. Pocka is a (6) ______________________. "I don't know.AT THE ZOO floor door bedroom baboons footsteps afternoon zoo food cartoon kangaroos poodle look too school goodbye football Fill in the blanks by choosing one of the words from the table above that completes the meaning of each sentence. Wait a minute. I am sitting in my (2) _______________________. We can (11) _______________________ at the monkeys. It's Jack. Maybe we can give them some (14) _____________________ to eat. Do you want to come. Pocka and I go out the front (16) ______________________.
a shower. some fun ……. some sleep …….a celebration.a talk. a treat.an operation.YOU CAN HAVE ……..a rest. an injection. a break. a run. some treatment ……. a glass of wine/beer) ……. a steak).an outing.... a snack. a picnic ……. a bath. a quarrel …….things to eat (breakfast. a sandwich.. a meal.a good/bad/exciting/dull/happy day or time ……. a lecture ……... a session.. a party.. …….a dream. an idea …….. a swim …….a baby .... some exercise …….things to drink (a cup of tea/coffee.a game.a lesson.. a discussion.a cigarette ……. …….
Read your description to your partner.MY FAVORITE SANDWICH Take a look at the list of ingredients below and put together your favorite sandwich. Types of bread: (toasted or untoasted) White rye whole wheat baguette Condiments: Ketchup mayonnaise mustard olive oil vinegar salt pepper (ground) Types of Cheese: American Cheddar Swiss feta Munster Types of Meat: Ham pastrami turkey chicken breast corned beef roast beef bacon tuna Vegetables: Lettuce tomatoes sauerkraut peppers onions olives pickles mushrooms relish Anything else? .
etc. he noticed that he had forgotten to __________ (Verb). It was a __________ (Adjective) day in __________ (Month) and __________ (Man's name) decided to __________ (Verb). A Day in the Life … Adjective _____________________________ Month _________________________________ Man's name_____________________________ Verb __________________________________ Noun __________________________________ Noun __________________________________ Verb __________________________________ Adjective _____________________________ Verb ending in . skip.MAD LIBS Mad libs are a great way to practice parts of speech.ing _____________ Verb __________________________________ Adverb of frequency ___________________ A Day in the Life . it began to __________ (Verb concerning the weather) so he decided to __________ (Verb of transportation i.. Students share their piece with the rest of the class. As soon as he got to the __________ (Noun). the time passed __________ (Adverb) and before he knew it. take a taxi. run. __________ (Verb ending in -ing). While he was _________ (Verb of transportation i.e. Unfortunately. in the -ing form). He certainly hadn't expected to be able to __________ (Verb). Students first select a part of speech for each line and insert their answers into the paragraph. run. He gathered his things and began to walk home.e..ing __________________ Adverb ________________________________ Verb Weather __________________________ Verb Transportation ___________________ Verb Transportation . etc. he sat down and took out his __________ (Noun). it was time to go home. but was __________ (Adjective) for the chance to do so. He __________ (Adverb of frequency) forgot such things! .). take a taxi. skip.
To help you in writing this composition. answer the following questions. popcorn. vertical blinds. drapes. tile or hardwood) What kind of window treatment does it have? (curtains. DVD player. rug. carpet. poured concrete. large. alarm clock)? . TV/VCR. night table. shades) What type of ceiling does it have? (tiles.MY BEDROOM You are about to write a composition describing your bedroom. How big is your room? Where is it located within the house or apartment? How many windows does it have? Does it have access to a patio or balcony? What kind of floor covering does it have? (linoleum. dresser. an air conditioner unit or central air? What kind of furniture do you have in the room (bed. lamp. mirrored) What color is it painted? Does it have an attached bathroom? What kind of closet do you have? (small. walk-in) Does it have a lot of light? Is it well ventilated (lots of fresh air circulating in the room)? Does it have a fan.
Add as many other words as you want. How many sentences can you make? Examples: A woman was crying because her window was broken. Change the phrases a little if you need to. I met a friend to play soccer and then we ate a hot dog.PUT-TOGETHERS Put together a sentence by selecting a phrase from column A and another phrase from column B. COLUMN A car ran out of gas forgot my homework house is for sale window was broken met a friend to play ran across the street talked to the teacher wanted to forget it shared her lunch walked my dog saw an interesting film got a call from my friend sold my computer when the sandwiches are ready she wants to work behind the counter at the bank downtown the new restaurant took a picture a quiet neighborhood COLUMN B a woman was crying met a new friend lost the key got caught in the rain ate a hot dog drove to the store went on a trip had dinner late went outside to meet her cooked a big dinner my relatives came for a visit went to the supermarket for milk want an ice cream sundae is ordering coffee getting a new job the doorbell ring in line at the bus stop while singing in the shower shopping for a new dress was very angry .
9. 5.My babies usually live in / under __________. 3. Complete the following sentences as the animal in the first person.ANIMAL HABITS Select an animal. 2. 12. 1.I am afraid of _________________________. I usually ___________. I _______________________.I normally eat _________________________. 6. Read it to your classmates and have them guess what animal you are.I don't eat ___________________________.If I want to find a mate. 4-When I have to move. bird or fish you identified with.I live in _____________________________. 8.At night I _____________________________.During the day.I normally live for __________________ . 11. I normally ________________________________. 7-____________________ is / are afraid of me. 10-My mother taught me ___________________.
6. 2. What is the name of the holiday? When is it? Is it a religious holiday? Is it a political holiday? How do people celebrate the holiday? What traditions are celebrated? What is special about the celebration? Do people wear costumes? Do people prepared/eat special foods? 10. 9. 7. 5.A FAMOUS HOLIDAY IN YOUR COUNTRY Write a paragraph about a famous holiday in your country. 1. 3. 8. Do people have special parties? 11. 4. How long does it last? . What customs are celebrated? 12. Answer some of the questions that are listed below.
Use your imagination for those items not obvious from the photo. To help you with that description. . select the appropriate adjectives under the following categories. Physical Characteristics: Height Tall Medium Short Build big medium slender petite stocky thin/slim gangly Skin complexion white black brown mulatto olive yellow tanned Length of Hair long medium short cropped bald (absence of hair) Color of eyes Blue Green/hazel Black Brown Gray Color of hair black blonde/blond red brown/brunette gray Salt and pepper Shape of the face round oval long Hair texture straight curly wavy kinky dreads Facial Marital status Hair Single Moustache Married Beard Divorced Goatee Widower Clean-shaven Widow Hobbies Your choice Occupation Your choice retired (no longer working) Education Elementary school High school graduate College graduate Doctorate Family Composition Your choice Age According to photograph Personality: Review the "Adjectives that Describe Personality" handout to come up with the characteristics that describe his/her personality.DESCRIBING PEOPLE You are about to write a detailed description of the person that appears on the photo.
THE HARDEST WORKING WORDS I it at the and to a you of in we for ache again always among answer any been beginning believe blue break built business busy buy can't choose color coming cough could country dear very my had our from am one time he get making many meant minute much none often once piece raise read ready said says seems separate shoes since some straight sugar sure tear they do been letter can would she when about they an that is your have will be are not as done don't early easy enough every February forty friend grammar guess half having hear heard here hoarse hour instead just knew know laid this with but on if all so me was Here is a list of the 100 words most often used in reading and talking. though through tired tonight too trouble truly Tuesday two used very wear Wednesday week where whether which whole women won't would write .
.Write about the qualities you least admire in adults.Are you happy with your first name? Why? If not. Describe them one by one. name five things that you would save.Write about some things you hate to do. Why the hate? Try to get some insight into this aspect of your personality. 10.Describe a vacation you enjoyed.Explain how you have stood up to a challenge.Write about the greatest disappointment you ever had.What is there about you that makes your friends like you? Explain your answer with examples. what name would you choose for yourself? Why? 17. sister.Write about the qualities you would like in a mate. 13.Make a list of the people that matter to you. 9. 25. 8.Are there sounds or smells that you associate with home? Write about them. 4.If you were in a fire.Write about a wish that you have right now? 20.Describe the best thing you liked about your neighborhood when you were growing up. 21. 12.Write an inscription for your father's. 16. (exclude people) Explain the significance of these items to you.Describe a hero you have had in the past. 23.Explain three of the nicest things others would have said about you. 24.Tell about a person you admire today. 7.Describe yourself as your best friend would describe you. 3.Explain the things that make you unique.WRITING TOPICS 1.Tell about a job experience where you made a friend.Describe three of your simple pleasures. 5.What is the hardest challenge at college? 19. 18. 15. 2. 22. 14.Did you have some favorite childhood toys? Write about them.Describe how you used to tease your brother. mother's and your own tombstone. 6. or friend. 11-Write about the qualities you most admire in adults.
Where would you situate the school? How many hours a day would the school be open? How many students would it accommodate? How many stories will it have? How many classrooms? How many bathrooms will there be and where would they be located? Will there be a science lab? How big will the auditorium be? How many volumes will the library hold? Will it feature a swimming pool? What about a gym? What kind of technology do you envision. psychologist.e. Write a composition describing the way your new school would look. flat screen TV. DVD players. nurse. Here are a few things to keep in mind as you write. the committee has solicited input from the future students as to what facilities they would like to see in their new school.MY IDEAL SCHOOL A fabulously wealthy NGO has selected your neighborhood to build a model school in your country. secretary. cooks and so on? What kind of transportation system will be in place? . Since money is no object. i. Smart board.. baseball or other sports? Would you consider space for an organic vegetable garden? What would the cafeteria look like? What kind of food will be offered to the students? Where would you place the teachers' lounge? Will you allow for a clinic and nurse's station? How many offices will be available for support personnel such as the principal. a listening lab? Will it have sports fields for football.
Each group fills in the blanks for the following list: Name of a person: A job: Name of a town: A sport: A place: Name of another person: Job: A verb: A kind of food: A TV show: A particular time: Then ask the students from each group to fill in the blanks in the following script using the information already compiled: ." A man/woman: Name: Description: (color of hair/eyes. Story #2: Divide the class into groups. clothing/colors) Family: Location/place: Age: Job: Hobbies: Food: (likes and dislikes) A plot: After completing the story on the board. supply students with pictures and have them create an individual story based on the character on the picture.SKELETON STORIES Provide students with the bones they need to start writing a short story and then have them read their stories to the rest of the class.. height/weight/. Story #1 Ask the students to provide the details of a story after you write on the board: "Once upon a time…….
He (She) liked to play_______________. He/she lives in ________________. each group reads their story aloud. There ___________ would meet ______________ a friend who was a/an_______________. they would watch _______________ on TV. He/she likes _______________ing. Story #3 I know a/an _______________ man/woman/girl/boy/child whose name is adjective _____________________. the stories could be printed on newsprint and then displayed around the classroom for review. After eating. They would ___________. He/she has a/an food beverage _____________________. He/she eats job action verb __________________ and drinks ______________. If time allows.There was once a _______ named____________ who was a/an ______________. At the end. Then they would go to bed at ______________. Everyday ______________ would go to _____________. animal . He (She) lived in _______________. He/she is a/an name place ____________________.
4. 19. 3-…… that would make your friend laugh aloud. 18-…… talking about your car.…. with your name in it.…. when borrowing something from your neighbor. 8.. 17. beginning with first and ending with last. that tells something great about yourself.SENTENCE STARTERS Write a sentence …….…. 12.…… that describes your worst habit. describing the perfect ice cream sundae. 6.. 5-…… that tells someone to do something. 11-…… with three animal sounds in it. describing your favorite pizza.…… mentioning your last vacation. 2.….…… that a three-year old might say.….….. 13. 1-…….with three colors in it.. 15. 16. .…… that tells what a giraffe would say if it could talk.…… telling what a pilot might say to the control tower. 14.about your worst fear. 20.…… with nine words that tell about an animal..…. 10-…… convincing your boss to give you a raise. 7-…… describing your best friend. 9.
ugly 21. jealous 44. weak 32. true 40. dangerous 35. kind 38. nervous 17. sick 5. happy 30. young 9. ignorant 27. convenient 20. sarcastic curiosity 26. noisy 50. important 11. sympathetic 34. honest 28. ill 33. cruel 45. angry 13. free 31. deep 14. mysterious 49. wealthy 47. different 6. possible 24. gentle 22. sad 10. beautiful 19. dignified 36. dead 18. confident 46. 1. healthy . absent 37. proud 4. innocent 3. anxious 48.foolish 8. silent 41.NOUN AND ADJECTIVE FORMS Write the noun form that corresponds to each adjective. simple 7. high 16. bitter 23. generous 43.difficult 12. wide 25. curious 2. intelligent 42. strong 15. religious 39. strange 29.
3. 4. 6. It's irritating when _________________________________________. 1.I'm tired of _______________________________________________. The thing I am most afraid of is ______________________________. 18. I like the United States because ______________________________. 24. The most useful thing I own is _______________________________. 13. 17. Behind my back people say __________________________________. I'm interested in ___________________________________________. 15. Saying no is ______________________________________________. I can't stand ______________________________________________. A good gift for a friend is a _________________________________. 22. 14. 20. Some things I want to buy are _______________________________. Some good foods to serve at a party are _______________________. It is hard to be a teenager because ____________________________.SENTENCE STARTERS TWO Complete each sentence with your own words. 23.I'm looking forward to ______________________________________. The best thing about the United States is _______ . 2. I hate ___________________________________________________. I'm most relaxed when ______________________________________ 12. 16. Teachers should ___________________________________________. 10. 19. I'm worried about __________________________________________. 21. My favorite thing to wear is _________________________________. 7. 8. 5. I'm happy about __________________________________________.I'm planning on ___________________________________________.It is harder to be a man than a woman because__________________. 25. I dislike the United States because ____________________________.My friends think that I ______________________________________. 9. 11.
add a noun of your choice to each. Find at least ten adjectives.barbarian 11-metal 12.automaton 20-capital "-IC" ADJECTIVE NOUN PHRASE .German 8-state 9.electricity 18. After you finish finding the "-ic" adjectives.analysis 13. A dictionary will be useful here to check spelling.science 4. "fantastic experience".scene 15.central 6.MAKING ADJECTIVES Each of the words in the following list can be used to form "-ic" adjectives.Satan 7. In pairs.gene 5.symphony 16.comedy 17.problem 14.graph 10.emblem 19. NOUN 1-fantasy 2-gymnasium 3. explain to your partner why you have chosen this particular noun. for example.
3. I realized …………………………………………………………………………………. I was puzzled by …………………………………………………………………………………. Try to be as creative as possible. I was astonished to see …………………………………………………………………………………. I was amazed to see ………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I was dumbfounded by …………………………………………………………………………………... When the phone rang yesterday. When the doorbell rang yesterday. When I woke up yesterday.SENTENCE ENDS Complete each sentence with your own words..While I was eating supper yesterday. 4. I …………………………………………………………………………………. I ………………………………………………… .. 5.. When I looked at the front page of the newspaper last night. While I was studying yesterday. I …………………………………………………………………………………. While searching for a parking space.While looking in my purse last night.. I noticed …………………………………………………………………………………. I was surprised to hear from …………………………………………………………………………………. 13. I saw …………………………………………………………………………………. 15. I remembered …………………………………………………………………………………. 1. 11.. When I opened my schoolbag in class. When my sister started to cry. 14.. When I arrived in class this morning. I found …………………………………………………………………………………. While waiting for the bus yesterday. 8. 9. 7.. I learned …………………………………………………………………………………. 10. While I was watching TV yesterday. 12.. I was dismayed to find out …………………………………………………………………………………. While reading the novel..When I got to my job. 6.
I wish I had never…. When I'm gone. 13. At school I…. my mother said….. My first relationship was…. 4... I don't like talking about…... 12. 7. 19.. 3. 16.. The best book I ever read was…. 10.. 2. When I'm 65.. I should try…. 14. 17. 6. People always tell me….SENTENCE BEGINNINGS Complete each sentence with your own words......... My last meal would be…. Growing up. I'll . I people will say…. I talk too much about…. My most prized possession is…. My earliest memory is …. 15. 11.. My favorite film is…. 1. 9.. but…. The most interesting thing about me is…. You should try…. 8. 18. . It's embarrassing. 5. It annoys me when….
What other places did you visit? 8. theater)? 25-Did you like your visit? .Where did you go for your last vacation? 2.How long did you stay? 5.Did you go to the beach? 9.Did you fly or drive? 12-How long was your flight / drive/train ride? 13-Did you take a cruise? 14-Did you fly economy or first class? 15. Choose those questions from the list below that apply to your personal experience. 1. art galleries and famous landmarks? 18-Did you attend any performances (plays. botanical gardens.When did you go there? How did you get there? 3. cinema.Did you try any of the local food? 10. with friends or relatives? 7.Did you take many photographs? 16-Did you rent a car or use local transportation? 17-Did you visit the museums. musicals.MY LAST VACATION Use the Simple Past to describe your last vacation. Pay close attention to the irregular verbs.Who did you go with? 4.Did you stay in a hotel. concerts)? 19-Did you attend any sporting events? 20-Did you buy any souvenirs? 21-Did you go shopping? 22-Did you write any postcards? 23-Did you visit the zoo.How were the restaurants? 11. or aquarium? 24-How was the nightlife (nightclub.Why did you choose that place? 6.
OXYMORONS Oxymoron means pointedly foolish and refers to a combination of contradictory or incongruous words such as cruel kindness. Act naturally Acute dullness Almost perfect Almost exactly Artificial grass Bad health Bittersweet Blameless culprit Cardinal sin Civil war Clearly confused Conservative liberal Constant variable Deafening silence Definite maybe Deliberately thoughtless Even odds Exact estimate Express mail Extensive briefing Fish farm Found missing Freezer burn Friendly takeover Genuine imitation Good grief! Government efficiency Holy war Home office Idiot savant Instant classic Intense apathy Jumbo shrimp Mild interest Military intelligence Minor miracle Modern history New classic Nonalcoholic beer Nondairy creamer Normal deviation Old news Only choice Open secret Original copies Plastic glasses Passively aggressive Peace force Player coach Pretty ugly Qualified success Randomly organized Real potential Religious tolerance Rock opera Rolling stop Same difference Silent scream Simply superb Small crowd Sweet sorrow Taped live Terribly enjoyable Tight slacks Tragic comedy Unbiased opinion . Take a look at the list of words below and decide why they are considered oxymorons.
............ I feel best when people . Something that I want to buy is ………………………………………………… 25.....………………………… 12..........................……………………………………………………..............……………………………………………… 19............. 16.....…………………………… 21....………………………………… 3.... Studying is .UNFINISHED SENTENCES Complete the following sentences: 1..................…………………………… 7............…………………………………………… 14.....……………………………… 8..................…………………………… 10...................... 4............ I would be much happier if ....................................... The thing that worries me the most is .........................................………………………………………………...…………………………………………………… 15................. If I had 24 hours to live .…………………………………………… 20..........…………………………………….............…………………………………………………… 18... I find it difficult to ............... I'd like to spend a long vacation in ......……………………… 6..........……………………………………………………………… 17.............. I never worry about . My children will ..………………………………………..………………………………………… 13............... I wish politicians would ...................... The funniest thing I ever saw was .... My favorite thing to wear is …………………………………………………… .................... Most people I know seem to be .................................... I get very angry if .. 9....... I always feel good when ...... This world would be a better place if .................... The most useful thing I own is ………………………………………………… 22.......... 5..... The thing I am most afraid of is………………………………………………… 23.................... I'm not interested in .....................…………………………………… 11.................. On Saturdays I usually ........................................................ The best time of the day is .............………… 2.......... A good gift for a friend is……………………………………………………… 24. Some day I'm going to ................. Parents should always .....
To help you in your task.MY IDEAL HOME Your final exam will consist of a composition in which you will be required to describe your ideal home. nightclubs) Mountains Shopping centers Culture centers Restaurants/shops Sports centers Public transportation nearby What is most important to you in a home? A large kitchen / living room A formal dining room A combination kitchen and family room A balcony or patio to sit outdoors Two or more bathrooms A library/home office A media room/entertainment center How the house is distributed (the layout) Do you need a lot of privacy? Do you like to be surrounded by people? Are neighbors important to you? What kind of neighbors do you like? Do you mind having small children or teenagers around? Do you keep pets? Are pet restrictions a concern for you? Is a garden (flower or vegetable) important to you? . Think about the kind of house you would like to buy if price is not a concern. bars. try to answer the following questions. Where do you want your house to be located? In the city center In a 55+ community In the suburbs In a gated community In the countryside In a small town What do you want your house to face (look into)? A lake An ocean A river Pastures A canal Mountains or hill Would you prefer to own: A single story house A condo/flat A multi-story house A farmhouse A townhouse What amenities would you like to have nearby? Parks/walking or bicycle trails Nightlife (cinemas.
airport? Is there a botanical garden / zoo / sports arena? . dance. mountains. train station. concerts.MY HOMETOWN What is the name of your city or town? Where is it located? Near the sea / ocean. the hills. valleys? What outdoor activities does it offer? What are some things children can do while there? What can visitors shop for? Is there an art community? Theater. a valley or mountains? How big is it? How is it population? What is the name of its patron saint? What are its major industries? What are its major attractions? Are there any international businesses located there? Does it have any educational facilities? Swimming pools? Discos/bars/restaurants Are there any modern health facilities? Is there a main street where people walk / stroll / jog? Are there any significant historical sites? Is there a museum? What natural attractions are there? Beaches. opera? Is there a cinema? Any art galleries? What arts and crafts are produced in the area? Are there any parks? Golf courses? How easy is it to get to your hometown? Major highways.
MAIN CHARACTER QUESTIONNAIRE Consider the questions below on your own.How will you change? Possibilities: 16. to help you begin to create your main character and flesh out the details.Where do you live? 5. 1.What will you understand about yourself and the your world at the end of the story? Possibilities: .What is your name? 2..What is your family background? 6.What do you care about? 9. or ask a partner to interview as if you were the character.What do you look like? 4.How old are you? 3. 12-Who are the most important people in your life? 13-What are the most important things in your life? 14-What is the problem you are facing? 15.What is different about you? 8.What do you like to do? 7.What do you fear? 10-What are your dreams? 11-How would your friends describe you? As the kind of person who …….
The gift was wrapped in the prettiest paper! 13-The bouquet of flowers was lovely.I had way too much to eat.The closet was extremely organized.The football game was exciting.His costume was scary. 9. . 10. 8.The inside of the restaurant was really unique. 11. 5.The kitchen was really a mess.The tie he had on was very colorful.ELABORATIONS The mind is a wonderful place for picturing details.I couldn't believe what my dog dragged home. 6.Her silly hat was the center of attention. 7. 2. 15. 1. 4. 14. 3.Her new hairstyle made me chuckle.The ice cream sundae was an unusual combination of flavors.That dinner was delicious. 12.It was an eventful trip. Read each one of these statements and provide as many colorful details as possible to make them more vivid.
but.EDITING TIPS To improve sentence structure: 1. slowly. was.Read each sentence aloud. has. you're 4. were? Used our instead of are. are. your. two 8. To. Rewrite all sentences that you have marked with an X. Missing words 2. cause. You. were. Missing letters Double check use of: 1. Weather.Change any sentences or words that seem confusing. Check for: 1. Missing -eds or -ings 3. Missing s or 's 4. If a sentence does not seem clear. whether Have you Left out important words such as is. were instead of where? Have you used their or there instead of there are or there is? Used commas when a period is needed? Left incomplete ideas stand? . It. 3. 4. yet. are. put an X at the beginning. Read your paper aloud again. do. too. does 5. 5.A lot. Notice the really short sentences. Divide your sentences with slashes. have. 2. or so.Is. always 6. 6. its 3. where. try to combine them with the sentence before or after it by using a conjunction such as and. because 7. 7. their.There. it instead of if. there's 2. was.
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425Date of birth Birth of a sibling (brother or sister) Starting kindergarten Starting elementary school Graduating from high school Getting your first job Going away to college Graduating from college Falling in love for the first time Learning to drive / obtaining your driver's license Renting your first apartment Moving away or to another country Getting married Having your first child Getting a divorce Death of a parent.S. citizen Having your first grandchild Opening a business Retiring from your job . child or other relative Buying your first house Traveling abroad for the first time Joining the army Becoming a widow / widower Remarrying for the second / third time Becoming a U. Provide the class with a piece of scrap paper in which they can draw a line that begins with their date of birth and ends with today's date. The following is a list of milestones the students can select from to write in their timeline.A TIMELINE A timeline is a good device to get students to practice the simple past.
use: farcical hysterical jocular sidesplitting amusing hilarious humorous laughable witty silly comical nonsensical Instead of smart. use: love prefer admire cherish appreciate care for fancy favor adore enjoy idolize treasure Instead of good.BE MORE DESCRIPTIVE Instead of said. use: great splendid pleasant superb marvelous grand delightful terrific superior amazing wonderful excellent Instead of funny. use: snickered guffawed giggled cackled roared howled chuckled tittered chortled heehawed crowed bellowed Instead of saw. use: beautiful exquisite lovely gorgeous glamorous stunning attractive handsome elegant striking cute fair Instead nice. use: staggered shuffled traveled sauntered trudged lumbered strutted paraded marched ambled hiked strolled Instead of sad. use: downcast unhappy depressed dejected woeful forlorn gloomy melancholy miserable crestfallen sorrowful mournful Instead of little. use: glimpsed glanced at noticed eyed observed gazed at sighted spied spotted examined stared at watched Instead of pretty. use: kind congenial benevolent agreeable thoughtful courteous gracious warm considerate cordial decent humane Instead of happy. use: witty ingenious bright sharp quick-witted brainy knowledgeable brilliant intelligent gifted clever wise . use: teeny small diminutive miniscule compact tiny microscopic miniature petite slight wee minute Instead of big. use: glad merry jovial contented jubilant pleased joyful delighted thrilled jolly cheerful elated Instead of ran. use: towering enormous huge tremendous large massive great giant gigantic colossal mammoth immense Instead of laughed. use: hurried bolted raced darted scurried sped dashed jogged galloped sprinted trotted rushed Instead of like. use: called shouted cried whispered responded remarked demanded questioned asked replied stated exclaimed Instead of walked.
What is the only transition word that does not have a comma after it? 17. What is the purpose of the third part? 7. What is a main clause? 13. What is the purpose of an outline? 9. What does an indentation indicate? 10. What is a paragraph? 3. Two independent clauses that are related may be combined with "and". What is an irrelevant sentence? 11. What is a sentence? 2. What is chronological order? 12. What is a topic? 19. What is a main idea? 20. What is the purpose of transition words? 8. What is a dependent clause? 14. What is the purpose of the second part? 6. What are the three basic part of a paragraph? 4. What punctuation comes before "and"? . What form of the verb give instructions? 15. What is the purpose of the first part? 5.WRITING QUIZ 1. What does the transition word "when" indicate? 18. What is the other form that can be used to give instructions? 16.
(They're old hat. Comparisons are as bad as clichés. No sentence fragments. ever use absolutes. And always be sure to finish what From: www. Avoid clichés like the plague. Always. etc. Prepositions are not words to end sentences with.HOW TO WRITE GOOD Avoid alliteration. One should never generalize. Exaggeration is a billion times worse than understatement. Parenthetical remarks (no matter how relevant) are unnecessary.com .) Eschew ampersands and abbreviations.grammarly. Be more or less specific. Never.
300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES abrupt absorbing accurate adoring adrift affectionate aggressive aghast agile amazing ambiguous ambitious ample amusing annoyed argumentative arrogant articulate astonishing backward baffling barren bemusing berserk bewildering biting bitter bossy bountiful brittle brusque brutal caring casual cautious chagrined charitable considerate content contrite conventional coy cozy cunning cynical deadly deceitful decisive delicate demanding dependent deprecating destitute devastating devious devout diligent diplomatic distant distressing dizzy dominant dreary dreary ecstatic embarrassing enchanting engrossing envious exasperating exhausting expressive exquisite extrinsic fragile frank frantic frivolous furious gaudy genuine giving glaring golden gorgeous gracious grandiose greedy grueling guilty gutsy gusty harassing harried harrowing hasty hateful hearty hefty heinous hideous hostile humble humid humiliating hurried impassioned impassive implacable impulsive indifferent ironic irritating joyful kind stressing stunning sublime subtle superciliou lacking possible s lawful profound superficial lean prominent surly legible prompt suspicious livid proper tactful logical prosaic talented loving punctual tame luxurious puzzling tasteless magnificent questioning tearful marvelous quirky tempting mean rapid tenacious messy rational tendentious miserable real terrific modern reflective terrifying modest regretful thwarting mordant relaxed tidy morose resonant timely motivating risky touching muddy ritzy tranquil mysterious rude troubling mystical salty tumultuous nasty sarcastic unanimous native satisfied uncouth nonchalant selfish uneasy nonplussed sensuous unique normal serene uphill obnoxious shallow uppity opinionated shapeless useful optimistic shocking useless overwhelming shy usual pained significant vain painful skeptical vapid palatable snobbish venomous plausible playful pleasing pliant .
cheery childish complacent conceited confident confident confused confusing congenial fancy fatiguing fearful fearless feasible feminine fierce forceful formidable industrious inquisitive insidious insipid insolent insulting interesting intimidating intrinsic pathetic patient peaceful pedantic pensive perplexing picturesque piquant pitiful sociable solemn solvent somber sorrowful spicy splendid stale stingy versatile virile virtuous visible volatile weird wise witty Wretched .
ADJECTIVES AND THEIR OPPOSITES Adjective absent active afraid alive asleep bad bald barbarous big boring brave careful caring cheap clean cold common competent confusing convenient cool crazy curious curly dangerous dark deep delicious different dry dull eager early east easy empty energetic fair faithful Opposite present inactive fearless dead awake good hairy civilized small entertaining cowardly careless thoughtless expensive dirty hot unique inept clear awkward warm sane indifferent straight safe light shallow tasteless same wet sharp apathetic late west difficult full drowsy unfair unfaithful Adjective free fresh friendly frivolous generous glad grateful handsome happy hard hateful healthy heavy high hostile humble impolite important intelligent just kind large lazy legal local logical long lucky messy modern modest narrow natural near neat nervous noisy north old Opposite captive stale unfriendly earnest stingy upset ungrateful ugly sad soft / easy loving sick / ill light low friendly proud tactful irrelevant stupid unjust unkind small hard-working illegal global illogical short unlucky neat traditional immodest wide artificial far unkempt calm quiet south new Adjective profound radical rare real rebellious relaxed right rigid rough rude sensible serious severe shrew shy skillful slow sorrowful spontaneous strange strong stupid sweet tall tasty thick tight-fisted timely transparent ugly uphill useful usual vacant vain valuable violent visible wary Opposite superficial conservative common imaginary submissive uptight left soft smooth polite insensible trivial gentle idiot outgoing clumsy fast joyful planned familiar weak clever sour short bland thin spend-thrift unexpected opaque beautiful downhill useless unusual occupied demure worthless peaceful invisible unwary .
ADJECTIVES THAT DESCRIBE PERSONALITY Qualities generally considered positive: affectionate ambitious bold brave carefree careful caring cautious charming cheerful clever conservative conventional dependable diligent earnest enjoyable entertaining extroverted free-spirited friendly fun fun-loving generous giving good good-natured happy hard-working honest inspiring kind knowledgeable laid-back Write meaning or notes here: Qualities generally considered negative: aggressive angry annoying anxious apathetic argumentative bad bad-tempered big-headed boring cantankerous careless close-minded cold-hearted conceited cowardly crass cruel dishonest disloyal dull dull-witted dumb envious exasperating flirtatious full of oneself ill-tempered insane introverted jealous jumpy lazy loud Write meaning or notes here: .
lively lovely loving loyal modest motivated naïve open-minded optimistic patient polite proud realistic reliable resourceful self-confident sensible sensitive sympathetic talkative trustworthy understanding warm witty mealy-mouth mean miserly moody narrow-minded nasty nervous obnoxious overbearing overwhelming pessimistic petty quarrelsome rude selfish shallow small-minded strict stubborn suspicious two-faced unfriendly unreliable weird .
ANIMALS: AN ALPHABETICAL LIST aardvark albatross alligator ant anteater antelope armadillo baboon badger bat bear beaver bee beetle bison blackbird bluejay boa constrictor bobcat buffalo bull burro butterfly cockroach calf camel cat caterpillar centipede cheetah chicken cicada civet cobra condor cougar cow coyote crab crane cricket crocodile crow deer dinosaur dog donkey dove dragon dragonfly duck eagle eel egret elephant elk emu falcon flamingo fox frog gazelle gerbil giraffe gnu goat goose gorilla grasshopper guinea pig gull hamster hawk hedgehog hen heron hippopotamus horse hummingbird hyena iguana impala jaguar jelly fish kangaroo kite koala ladybird lamb leopard lion lizard llama lobster lynx mandrill manta ray millipede minnows monkey moose mosquito moth mouse mule mussels ocelot octopus okapi opossum orangutan ostrich otter owl ox oyster panda panther parakeet parrot peacock pelican penguin pheasant pig pigeon polar bear porcupine praying mantis puma quail rabbit raccoon raven rhinoceros robin sambar deer sand fly scorpion sea horse seagull seal lion shark sheep shrimp skunk sloth snail snake sparrow spider sponge squid squirrel starfish stingray stork swallow swan tadpoles tarantula termite tiger toad tortoise toucan turkey turtle walrus warbler wasp water buffalo warthog weasel whale woodpecker wren yak zebra .
suckling squab.ANIMALS AND THEIR BABIES ANIMAL antelope bear beast of prey beaver birds cat codfish cow deer dog duck eagle eel elephant fish fowl fox frog goat goose grouse guinea fowl hawk BABY calf cub whelp kit fledging. squeaker cheeper bunny. puppy duckling eaglet elver calf fry chick. grilse pup cub lamb. shoat. sprat calf fawn. lambskins calf foal . farrow. kit pup calf cygnet cub. chicken cub pup polliwog. smolt. yearling pup. whelp poult cockerel parr. yearling or colt (m) filly (f) joey cub owlet cheeper piglet. nestling kitten codling. tadpole kid gosling cheeper keet eyas ANIMAL hen hippopotamus horse kangaroo lion owl partridge pig pigeon quail rabbit rat rhino swan tiger turkey rooster salmon seal shark sheep whale zebra BABY pullet calf foal.
BABY ITEMS activity center baby bottle baby lotion baby monitor baby oil baby photo album baby wipes bassinet bath towel bib blanket blocks bodysuit booster seat booties bottle warmer bouncer seat brush and comb set bumper pad changing pad changing table chest of drawers cradle crib bumper diaper bag diaper pail footsies hamper high chair infant car seat infant carrier layette set learning blocks mobile monitor night light pacifier playpen rattle rocker romper rubber ducky safety gate safety pin stroller swing talcum powder teddy bear teething toy thermometer toy chest walker .
BODY PARTS English abdomen ankle anus appendix arm armpit artery auricle back belly bladder blood body bone bone marrow bowels brain breast buttock calf canine tooth cartilage cheek cheekbone chest chin clavicle coccyx colon cranium cuticle dentin diaphragm dimple ear eardrum Notes English eyelid face femur finger fingernail fist foot / feet forehead freckle gallbladder gland gums hair hamstring hand head heart heel hip ileum incisors instep intestines iris jaw jejunum joint keratin kidney knee knuckle larynx leg lenses ligament lip Notes English neurons nipple nose nostril ovary palm pancreas patella pelvis penis pores pupil rectum retina scapula sclera shoulder skeleton skin skull sole spine spleen sternum stomach temple tendon testes thigh throat thumb thyroid tissue toenail tongue tonsil Notes .
earlobe elbow esophagus eye eyeball eyebrow eyelash mouth muscle liver lung melanin molar mole nape navel neck nerve tooth / teeth trachea vagina vein ventricle vertebra waist wisdom tooth wrist .
which has bright red berries. There is a famous Christmas song. Christmas dinner: A big dinner on Christmas day. First Christmas: It refers to the birth of Jesus over 2000 years ago. and elves. Gift-wrapped: When you're shopping. Mistletoe: Is a plant usually hung from a doorway between two rooms. Holiday Season: The time running from just before Christmas until New Year's." Christmas lights: Strings of light used to decorate the Christmas tree and around the exterior of the house. "Season's Greetings" or "Happy New Year's" which is a shortened form of "Happy New Year's Eve." Christmas greeting: Most people greet each other at this time with such expressions as "Merry Christmas". You might hear people ask each other: "Have you finished your Christmas shopping?" Christmas tree: This is a decorated tree. "Chestnuts roasting by an open fire. Lawn ornaments: Decorations placed on people's lawns. Christmas Eve: The evening of December 24. reindeers.CHRISTMAS VOCABULARY A Christmas Carol: Charles Dickens' classic story about greed at Christmas. also called "The night before Christmas. a small wooden trough that animals ate hay from. Manger: Historically. you can ask the salesperson if they have a giftwrapping service. Christmas shopping: There is a lot of shopping at this time. families and friends open their presents together. Usually families gather together for Christmas dinner. sleighs. the house owners give the carolers a small treat such a chocolate or eggnog. Christmas ornaments: Are ornaments used to decorate the tree and are placed around the house. Popular lawn ornaments are Santa Claus. . is now a synonym for a stingy person. Presents are placed under the tree. Christmas carolers: Are groups of people that walk down a street going from house to house singing Christmas carols." Chestnuts: Are commonly eaten at Christmas. so some people set up a manger with a plastic baby in it and animals around. Christmas wish List: All the things a person wants for Christmas. The most famous character. On Christmas morning. Traditionally. Eggnog: Is a drink commonly served at Christmas parties. Jesus was put in a manger after he was born. You may hear people say: "Don't be a Scrooge. Holly: A common Christmas ornament. Scrooge. mangers." Christmas carols: Songs that are sung at Christmas. It is a tradition for a member of the opposite to kiss a person standing under the mistletoe as a surprise. Carving the bird: Cutting the turkey and handing it out to people.
Nativity Scene: A scene depicting the birth of Jesus. plump man dressed in a big red suit. Stockings: Literally it means "socks. by stacking large snowballs on top of each other." People hang stockings in front of the fireplace. Santa: A large. Snowman: A figure of a person. Poinsettia: A plant commonly used to decorate at Christmas. big black belt and carrying a sack full of gifts which he distributes to children all around the world. Reindeer: Santa rides in a sleigh that is pulled by reindeers. Santa's Helpers: These are the elves. White Christmas: A Christmas with snow. Sleigh: A carriage that rides on snow. made of snow. . usually dressed in red or green. The most famous is Rudolph the red-nose reindeer. Sit on Santa's Knees: It is a common tradition to go to a person dressed up as Santa Claus and tell him what you want to get for Christmas. Small presents are placed in the stockings and usually opened on Christmas morning. Write a letter to Santa: Many children write letters to Santa Claus telling him what they would like to get for Christmas. Trimming the tree: Decorating the tree with ornaments is called "trimming the tree".
CLOTHING VOCABULARY apron bandanna baseball cap bathing trunks bathrobe belt beret Bermuda shorts bike shorts bikini blouse bolero bonnet boots bow tie boxers brassiere (bra) breeches briefs camisole cape Capri pants cardigan sweater coat cravat culottes cummerbund drawers dress espadrilles earmuffs fleece jacket flip flops full slip galoshes garter / garter belt girdle gloves half-slip handkerchief harem pants hat headband jacket jeans jersey jockstrap jogging suit jumper jumpsuit caftan kimono knit cap leggings leotard loafers mantilla mittens moccasins muffler nightgown overalls pajamas panties pants / slacks pantyhose (nylons) parka petticoat pinafore polo shirt poncho pullover raincoat ribbon sandals sari sarong / pareo sash scarf shawl shirt shirtdress shoes shorts skirt skorts slippers smock socks sports coat stole Suit (2 / 3 piece) sundress suspenders sweater sweatshirt sweatpants swimsuit T-shirt tank top tennis shoes thermal wear thong tie tights toga trench coat trousers tunic turban turtleneck tuxedo vest undershirt uniform waistcoat windbreaker yarmulke Jewelry – Vocabulary ankle bracelet bangle bracelet brooch chain clasp clip-on earrings crown cufflinks diadem earrings hoop earrings locket medallion necklace nose ring pearl necklace pendant pin ring signet ring stud earrings tiara tie pin/tack toe ring wedding ring/band wristwatch .
COCKTAILS AND MIXED DRINKS a day at the beach Adam and Eve Alabama slammer Alaska cocktail Alexander Allegheny Americana Angel's kiss B&B B-52 Bacardi cocktail Bahamas mama banshee Basin Street bay breeze beachcomber bee stinger Bellini Bermuda Rose Betsy Ross between the sheets bijou cocktail black Maria black Russian black velvet bloody Caesar bloody Mary blue Hawaiian blue lagoon blue margarita blue whale bocce ball Bombay cocktail Boston cocktail bourbon and water bourbon on the rocks brandy Alexander brandy fizz brandy smash Bronx cocktail buck's fizz bullshot buttered rum Cape Codder caudle cement mixer champagne cocktail champagne cooler Chapel Hill cherry blossom chi-chi clamato cocktail classic cocktail cobbler coffee grasshopper coffee old-fashioned cooler Cooperstown Cuba libre daiquiri Daisy Dueller dingo dirty-banana Dixie julep dream cocktail dry martini eggnog English highball Fifth Avenue firefly fizz flip foxy lady frappe French connection frozen daiquiri frozen Margarita fuzzy navel Georgia peach Gibson gimlet gin and tonic greyhound highball hot buttered rum hot toddy hurricane Iris coffee Kamikaze Kir royale Long Island iced tea mai tai Manhattan Margarita Martini merry widow mimosa mint julep New York cocktail old-fashioned piña colada pink lady planter's punch punch rum and coke rum cooler rusty nail sangria scotch and soda scotch on the rocks screwdriver seven and seven sex on the beach Singapore sling spritz stinger tequila sunrise toddy Tom Collins velvet hammer vodka and tonic whiskey sour white Russian .
COMMON COLLOCATES aches and pains aid and abet arms and legs ask and answer assault and battery aunts and uncles back to front bait and switch beck and call before and after believe it or not black and blue black and white bows and arrows boys and girls bread and butter bride and groom brothers and sisters buy and sell by and large cap and gown cards and letters cat and mouse cats and dogs come and go cops and robbers crime and punishment day after day day and night day in and day out divide and conquer do or die do's and don'ts down and out dribs and drabs far and wide fast and loose fish and chips flora and fauna forgive and forget from pillar to post give and take hand in glove hard and fast hat and coat heads or tails heart and soul heel and toe hemming and hawing here and now here and there heroes and villains hit and run hugs and kisses husband and wife in and out inside out ladies and gentlemen left and right length and breath life and death lock and key mom and dad more or less mother and father needle and thread nephews and nieces now or never odds and ends off and on oil and vinegar once and for all open and close open and shut paper and pencil peace and quiet pins and needles room and board prim and proper prince and princess pros and cons pure and simple rain or shine rest and relaxation rum and coke safe and sound salt and pepper shipping and handling shoes and socks short and sweet sick and tired soap and water sons and daughters sooner or later stop and go straight and narrow struts and frets suit and tie supply and demand swim or sink tables and chairs thick and thin this and that this or that thunder and lightning tooth and nail top and bottom trial and error trials and tribulations tried and true up and about up and coming up and down upside down without rhyme or reason .
COLLECTIVE NOUNS – ANIMALS a bale of turtles a barren of mules a bevy of quails a bevy of roebuck a bouquet of pheasants a brood of hens a building of rooks a business of ferrets a cast of falcons a cast of hawks a cete of badgers a charm of finches a clowder of cats a cluck of hens a clutch of eggs a colony of ants a colony of penguins a company of parrots a congregation of plover a cover of coots a covey of partridges a covey of quail a crash of rhinoceroses a deceit of lapwings a descent of woodpeckers a dissimulation of birds a dole of doves a drift of hogs a drove of cattle a dule of doves a fall of woodcocks a flight of swallows a flock of sheep a gaggle of geese a gam of whales a gang of elk a harass of horses a herd of elephants a host of sparrows a hover of trout a husk of hare a leap of leopards a litter of pups a murmuration of starlings a muster of storks a mustering of storks a nest of rabbits a nye of pheasants a pace of asses a paddling of ducks a parliament of owls a party of jays a peep of chickens a pitying of turtledoves a plague of locusts a pod of seals a pride of lions a raft of ducks a rafter of turkeys a rag of colts a richness of martens a route of wolves a school of fish a shoal of bass a shrewdness of apes a siege of herons a singular of boars a skein of geese (in flight) a skulk of foxes a sloth of bears a smack of jellyfish a sord of mallards a sounder of swine a spring of teal a string of ponies a tiding of magpies a trip of dotterel a trip of goats a troop of kangaroos a walk of snipe a watch of nightingales a wisp of a snipe .
ache action after anti arm attack back bag balance ball band basket battle beach bed bench bill bird birth biting black blade blind blow board boat body book born bound box brain breaker bridge broker brow brush cage car check child cloth clothes cook copier counter country court crack cross cuffs daughter desk door down dream drive drop dry dust express eye fall field finger fire flower fly fold fool foot force front glass grand grind guard gun high hill hold hole home hood house hunt jack joy keeper key kitchen knob lace ladder land lash law lawn left lid light lighter line line list load locked lode loose loud low lust made maid mail maker man mower nail needle new note out over pace pack packed paint paper paste paw pawn payer person phone photo pick pike pillow pin pipe place place play plough post print productive proof push race razor read ride right road saw screen sea section seed seeing seller septic set shave shine ship shoe shooter shop short show sick side sided sight sign silver skin sleep smoke snow social soft soil son sore sound south speaker speed spot spread stage storm string strip stroke sun surf sweet table tan tax team text thought tight time tip tooth top touch tower town track trouble turn under up waist walk wall wander ward ware wash watch water way wind wine winter
Country Afghanistan Algeria Angola Argentina Australia Austria Bahrain Bangladesh Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Canada Cape Verde Chile China Colombia Congo Cuba Cyprus Denmark Dominican Republic Eritrea Fiji Finland France Germany Greece Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Capital Kabul Algiers Luanda Buenos Aires Sydney Vienna Manama Dhaka Belmopan Thimphu La Paz Brasilia Ottawa Praia Santiago Beijing Bogota Brazzaville Havana Nicosia Copenhagen Santo Domingo Asmara Suva Helsinki Paris Berlin Athens Port-au-Prince Tegucigalpa New Delhi Jakarta Tehran Baghdad Dublin Jerusalem Rome Kingston Tokyo Amman Country Lebanon Liberia Libya Malaysia Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Poland Portugal Romania Russia Rwanda Seychelles Shri Lanka Singapore Somalia South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Maldives Philippines Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Capital Beirut Monrovia Tripoli Kuala Lumpur Noaukchott Port Louis Mexico City Ulaan Baatar Rabat Maputo Windhoek Kathmandu Wellington Managua Abuja Pyongyang Oslo Islamabad Panama City Warsaw Lisbon Bucharest Moscow Kigali Victoria Colombo Singapore Mogadishu Pretoria Seoul Madrid Stockholm Berne Taipei Bangkok Male Manila Ankara Abu Dhabi London
COUNTRIES, LANGUAGES AND NATIONALITIES Country Afghanistan Argentina Australia Bangladesh Belgium Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Cambodia Canada Cape Verde Chile China Colombia Cuba Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Finland France Germany Greece Guyana Haiti Holland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Country Japan Kenya Laos Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives, the Nationality Afghanistani Argentinean Australian Bangladeshi Belgian Belizean Bhutanese Bolivian Brazilian Cambodian Canadian Cape Verdian Chilean Chinese Colombian Cuban Dane Dominican Ecuadorian Salvadorian Ethiopian Finnish French German Greek Guyanese Haitian Dutch Indian Indonesian Iranian Iraqi/Kurdish Irish Israeli Italian Jamaican Nationality Japanese Kenyan Laotian Lebanese Libyan Malaysian Maldivian Language Pashto/others Spanish English Bengali French/Dutch/German English/Carib/Maya Dzongkha Spanish/Aymara Portuguese Khmer English/French Portuguese Spanish Mandarin/Cantonese Spanish Spanish Danish Spanish Spanish/Quechua Spanish Amharic Finnish French German Greek English/Hindi/others French/Creole Dutch Hindi/Urdu/English Bahasa Persian Persian English/Irish Hebrew Italian English/Patois Language Japanese Swahili Mom-Khmer Arabic Arabic Bahasa Divehi
Mexico Mongolia Namibia Nepal Netherlands, the North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines, the Poland Portugal Russia Saudi Arabia Shri Lanka Singapore South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Venezuela Vietnam Zimbabwe
Mexican Mongolian Namibian Nepalese Netherlandic North Korean Norwegian Pakistani Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Phillipino Polish Portuguese Russian Saudi Arabian Shri Lankan Singaporean South African Spaniard Swedish Swiss Taiwanese Tajik Thai Turkish Venezuelan Vietnamese Zimbabwean
Spanish Mongolian Nama/Nairon Nepalese Dutch Korean Norwegian Urdu Spanish Spanish/Guarani Spanish Filipino Polish Portuguese Russian Arabic/English Sinhalese/Tamil Chinese/English/Tamil Afrikaans/English Spanish Swedish German/French/Italian Mandarin Tajik Thai Turkish Spanish Vietnamese English/Shona
abandoned accepted afraid agile angry annoyed anxious ashamed bad balanced believable bewildered bitter bold bored brave brilliant calculating calloused calm clever cold concerned confident confused cunning curious daring dazed defeated defensive delighted depressed desperate detached disappointed disgusted distant distinguished disturbed dreary eager ecstatic edgy elated elegant embarrassed enthusiastic envious excited exhilarated fearful flexible foolish free frustrated fulfilled funny furious gentle glad glum good grateful guilty happy hated high hopeful hostile humiliated hurt impatient inadequate inconvenienced inhibited intense intimidated irritable jaded jazzed jealous joyful lazy limited lonely loose loving lucky macho mad mean miserable mistreated morose needed needy neglected nervous optimistic overloaded passionate passive peaceful pessimistic phony playful pleased pressured productive protective proud puzzled rejected relieved resentful restless sad scared selfish sensual sentimental sexy shaky showy shy silly strong stubborn tender tense terrific terrified tired tough trapped ugly uneasy unwanted uptight used useless vibrant victorious vulnerable wanted warm wary weak weary wild wise wonderful worried youthful zany
African lily African violet Ageratum Allamanda Aloe Amaryllis Amazon lily Amethyst flower Anthurium Aster Baby's breath Beaumontia Begonia Bells of Ireland Bird-of-paradise Black-eye Susan Blanket flower Bleeding heart Bougainvilleas Brunfelsia Butterfly pea Caladium Calla lily Calliandria Camellia Candle bush Candytuft Canna lily Cape honeysuckle Cardinal climber Carnation Cat's claw Cereus Chenille plant Clematis Clerodendron Climbing lily Clivia Cockscomb Coleus Columbine Coralbells Coreopsis Cornflower Cosmos Crown of thorns Cup of gold Daffodil Dahlia Daisy Daylily Delphinium Desert rose Dianthus Dombeya Dusty miller Dwarf Poinciana Elephant ears Forget-me-not Four O'clock Foxglove Freesia Fuchsia Gaillardia Gardenia Gayfeather Gazania Geranium Ginger (various) Gladiolus Globe Amaranth Godetia Golden dewdrops Goldenrod Heliconia Hibiscus Hollyhock Hyacinth Hydrangea Impatients Iris Ixora Jade vine Kalamona Lady of the night Larkspur Lasiandra Ligularia Lilac Lipstick plant Lisianthus Lobelia Magnolia Mandevilla Marigold Mexican creeper Mickey Mouse bush Molten fire Moonflower Morning glory Moss rose Myosotis Narcissus Nasturtium Nicotiana Oleander Orchid Pandorea Pansy Penstemon Periwinkle Petunias Phlox Pineapple lily Pink honeysuckle Plumbago Poinsettia Poppy Prince's vine Purple Bignonia Rain of gold Red justicia Rhododendron Rose Rudbeckia Sage Salvia Sandpaper vine Shrimp plant Singapore Holly Slipper flower Snapdragon Spathiphyllum Spider flower Statice Stephanotis Sunflower Sweet Alysum Sweet pea Thunbergia Tibouchina Trailing Lantana Trumpet flower Tulip Verbena Vinca Vireya Wallflower Wisteria Zinnia
cardamom cheese cheeseburger cheesecake cherry chicken chickpea chili chili con carne chocolate chocolate milk chowder cider cilantro cinnamon clove cocoa coconut coffee coleslaw cookie corn (maize) cornbread Cornflakes cottage cheese crab cracker cranberry cream cream cheese crepe cucumber cumin currant custard dates dill doughnut duck dumpling egg fenugreek fettuccine fig fish flan French fries fruit juice fruit salad fudge garlic ginger ginger beer goulash grapefruit grapes gravy guava gumbo ham hamburger hazelnut herring honey hot dog hummus hush puppies ice cream ice tea jackfruit jam jambalaya kiwi lamb leek lemon lemon grass lemonade lentil lettuce lime liver mayonnaise meatball meatloaf melon meringue milk milkshake millet mint molasses moussaka muesli muffin mulberry mushroom mustard nectarine noodle nut nutmeg oatmeal oil okra olive omelet onion onion ring orange oregano oysters paella pancake papaya parsley passion fruit pasta pastries pea peach peanut butter peanuts pie pineapple pita bread pizza plantain plum polenta pomegranate poppy seed pork chop potato prawn prune pudding pumpkin punch quail quesadilla rabbit radish raisin raspberry ratatouille ravioli ribs rice rice pilaf rice pudding risotto roast beef rolls root beer rosemary rum saffron salami salmon salt samosa sandwich sapodilla shallot shrimp soup sour cream soursop soy bean spaghetti spinach squash steak stew strawberry sultana sushi Sweet potato syrup taco tamarind tangerine tarragon thyme toast tofu tomato tort tortellini tortilla trout tuna turkey turmeric turnip vanilla veal vinegar waffle walnut watercress watermelon whipped cream
Fruit – Vocabulary ackee apple apple custard apricot avocado banana blackberry blueberry breadfruit canistel cantaloupe caper cashew fruit cherry coconut cranberry currant date dragon fruit durian fig granadilla grapes grapefruit guava jackfruit kiwi lemon lime lulo lychee mamey mandarin orange mango mangosteen melon mulberry muskmelon nectarine orange papaya passion fruit peach pear persimmon pineapple plum pomegranate pomelo quince raisins rambutan rose apple sapodilla sloe soursop star fruit strawberry sultana sweet lemon tamarind tangerine tomato watermelon
Vegetables – Vocabulary artichoke arugula asparagus bamboo shoots basil beans beet bitter gourd bok choi broccoli Brussels sprout cabbage carrot cauliflower celery chayote chickpeas chives cilantro corn/maize cucumber eggplant/aubergine fennel garlic ginger green onions jicama lettuce mushroom mustard greens okra onion oregano parsley peanut peas pepper plantain potato pumpkin radish rutabaga shallot spinach squash sweet potato tarragon thyme turmeric turnip watercress yam yucca / cassava zucchini
attend a play? be on TV? be seasick? be skiing? be stung by a bee? break a bone? buy a new car? change a baby's diaper/nappy? cheat on an exam? climb a mountain? cry during a movie? cut your own hair? drive a tractor? eat frog legs? eat pizza? eat shrimp (prawn)? fail an exam? fall in love? fly a kite? fly in an airplane fly in a helicopter? give a dinner party? give a speech? go bungee jumping? go diving? go ice skating go in-line skating go river rafting? go rock climbing? go scuba diving? go sky diving? go surfing? go to a classical concert? go to a shopping center? go to costume party? go to the circus? have a traffic accident? have a pet? have surgery? have to stay in a hospital? kiss a foreigner? lend someone money? live in apartment building? lose the key to your house? lose your wallet? make a birthday cake? make a snowman? make a video? make an international call? Meet the President? meet the Prime Minister? perform in a stage play? play billiards? play chess? play golf? read (title of a popular book)? receive and send email? ride in a boat? ride on an elephant? ride on a horse? see an English-language film? see snow? sleep in a hammock? sleep in a tent? sleep in class? stay in a five-star hotel? steal anything? swim in the ocean? talk to a famous person? tell a white lie? travel overseas? trek in the mountains? visit a fortune teller? visit a museum? visit Disney World/Disneyland? visit the zoo? wear a costume? wear mismatched socks? win a competition? write a letter to a newspaper? write a love letter? write a poem?
John's Wort Star anise Sumac Sunflower Sweet flag Tabasco Tansy Tarragon Tea Thyme Turmeric Valerian Vanilla Vervain Violet Wasabi Water chestnut Watercress Wintergreen Witch hazel Wood betony Woodruff Wormwood Yarrow Yellow dock Yerba de mate . red Celery Chamomile Chervil Chia Chicory Chili pepper Chili powder Chinese cinnamon Chinese five spices Chives Chocolate Chrysanthemum Cinnamon Citrus Cloves Coffee Cola nut Coltsfoot Comfrey Coriander Cornflower Cubeb Cumin Curry powder Damiana Dandelion Desert tea Dill Dittany of Crete Dyer's broom Elder Elecampane Eucalyptus Fennel Fenugreek File Frankincense Fumitory Garam Masala Garlic Germander Ginger Ginseng Goldenrod Goldenseal Great mullein Henna Hibiscus Hops Horehound Horseradish Hyssop Indigo Jasmine Juniper Kava-Kava Kelp Lady's Mantle Lavender Lemon balm Lemon grass Lemon verbena Licorice Lily-of-the-valley Linden Lotus Lovage Mace Madder Malva Marjoram Marsh mallow Mint Mustard Myrrh Myrtle Nettle Nutmeg Oat straw Onion Oregano Orris Papaya Paprika Parsley Passionflower Patchouli Pennyroyal Pepper Pimento Plantain Pomegranate Poppy Red clover Redroot Rose Rosemary Safflower Saffron Sage Sandalwood Sarsaparilla Sassafras Savory Sesame Shallot Soapwort Southernwood Speedwell St.HERBS AND SPICES Agrimony Alfalfa Alkanet Allspice Aloe vera Angelica Anise Annatto Arrowroot Asparagus Barberry Basil Bay Bayberry Bergamot wild Birch Blackberry Bloodroot Boneset Borage Burdock Calendula Capers Caraway Cardamom Carob Catnip Cayenne Cedar.
HOMOPHONES air aloud ate be bear beech been blew bored break bridle brooch course deer fare fine flee flower for fur great groan hare heel here hoarse hole idle isle leek made male mane meddle meet mind more neigh new night nit no none heir allowed eight bee bare beach bean blue board brake bridal broach coarse dear fair fined flea flour four/fore fir grate grown hair heal hear horse whole idol aisle leak maid mail main medal meat mined moor nay knew knight knit know nun pane past peddle peek peel piece plane poor principle prints rain read reed reel road route sale saw see seen sent sheer shoot sleigh son stair stationary stayed steak steel sure tale tee tents their too veil waist war weather week weigh weight pain passed pedal peak peal peace plain pour principal prince rein/reign red read real rode/rowed root sail sore sea scene scent shear shute slay sun stare stationery staid stake steal shore tail tea tense they're/there two/to vale waste wore whether weak way wait .
KIM'S GAME English a bar of soap a bottle of lotion/perfume a bottle opener a box of matches a bracelet a bungee cord a can opener a candle a cassette tape a CD/CD ROM a cleaver (chopping knife) a clipboard a coffee mug a corkscrew a correction pen a cutting board a deck of cards a diskette (floppy) a fork/spoon/knife a funnel a hairband a hair clip a hammer a highlighter pen a key holder/ring a ladle a letter opener a magnifying glass a nail clippers a nail file a nutcracker a pair of binoculars a pair of cufflinks a pair of earrings a pair of goggles a pair of pliers a pair of scissors a pair of tweezers Notes: English a cuticle pusher a paper clip a paperweight/holder a potato masher a potholder a pumice stone a razor blade a roll of film a roll of tape a ruler a safety pin a screwdriver a scrunchy a set of bangles a set of measuring cups a set of measuring spoons a sipping straw a spatula a spool of thread a staple remover a strainer a stuffed animal a tape measure a thimble a toothbrush a torch/flashlight a travel/alarm clock a trivet a tube of cream/lipstick a tube of lip balm a tube of toothpaste a vegetable peeler a Walkman a wristwatch a whiteboard marker a wire whisk an apron an egg beater Notes: .
LEISURE ACTIVITIES ENGLISH acting alpinism biking bird watching boating bowling boxing bungee jumping calligraphy camping canoeing composing music cooking dancing diving dog racing dog sledding doing yoga fencing fishing flower arrangement flying kites gardening going out to eat going to the beach going to the cinema going to the theater golfing gymnastics hiking horse racing horse riding hot air ballooning hunting ice boating ice hockey ice skating jai alai javelin throwing Write meaning or notes: ENGLISH making pottery painting parasailing playing basketball playing cards playing checkers playing chess playing cricket playing football playing carom board playing mah jong playing racquetball playing soccer playing squash playing table tennis playing tennis quilting reading river rafting rock climbing running sailing scuba diving sewing singing skateboarding skating skiing skydiving snorkeling snowmobiling stamp collecting sumo wrestling sunbathing surfing surfing the Internet swimming tae kwen do tai chi Write meaning or notes: .
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS accordion acoustic guitar alpenhorn auto harp bagpipes balalaika bamboo pipe bandoneon bandurria banjo barrel organ bass bass guitar bassoon bells bongo bouzouki bow bugle calliope castanets cello chime Chinese wood blocks clarinet claves clavichord concertina conga conga drums cornet coronet cowbell cymbals double reed drone drum drum kit drumstick dulcimer electric guitar euphonium fiddle flugelhorn flute French horn gamelan guiro harmonica harmonium harp harpsichord horn keyboard komuz lute lyre mandolin maracas marimba oboe oliphant organ oud pandora pedal organ piano piccolo pick rattle recorder samisen saxophone shakuhachi sitar soundboard sousaphone steel drum synthesizer tabla tambora tambourine timpani triangle trombone trumpet tuba ukulele vibraphone viola violin whistle xylophone .
NATURE aquifer archipelago arroyo ash atmosphere atoll avalanche basin bay beach biodiversity blizzard bluff bough boulder canyon cave cay clay cliff cloud coast coastline coral reef cove crag crater crevasse cyclone dawn delta desert dew doldrums drizzle drought dune dusk earthquake eclipse equinox fjord flash flood flood floodplain fog foliage foothill forest fossil fuel geyser glacier glade gorge grass gravel hail hailstone haze hill hillock hilltop hurricane iceberg icicle inlet island islet isthmus jungle lagoon lake landslide lava leaf ledge lightning magma marsh meadow mesa mineral moraine mountain mud mudslide nitrogen oasis ocean oxygen pass pebble peninsula permafrost plain plateau pollution pond prairie precipice quicksand radiation rainbow raindrops rainfall rapids ravine reef ridge rift river riverbed runoff sand savanna scree sea seabed shale shore shoreline shrub silt slope smog smoke snow snowdrift snowfall snowflake snowline soil solstice spur stalactite stalagmite star steppe stone stream sun sunrise sunset surf swamp thunder thunderclap tidal wave tide tornado trail tree tree line tributary tsunami tundra typhoon valley volcano waterfall wave weed wetland wind .
NOUN – MASTER LIST accident account act action address afternoon age air airplane animal apartment arm aunt baby back bank bed beginning bicycle bird birthday boat body book box boy bread breakfast brother building bus car chair child circle city class clothes coat color corner desk dictionary dinner direction director dish distance district doctor dog doll dollar door dot doubt dozen dream dress ear earth edge effort egg elbow election end evening eye face fact factory family father finger fire fish floor food friend front fruit glove government grain grandfather grandmother grape ground grief guest guide gun hair half hand hat head heat heaven hell holiday home homework hospital hotel hour house human being humor husband ice idea imagination importance impression inch individual industry influence information insect intention jeans job juice judge justice key king kiss kitchen knee knife knowledge labor lady lake lamp land language leg lesson letter liberty library life light line luck lunch machine magazine magic mail male man meat mile milk minute mill mind mistake mother mountain mouth movement movie music mystery name nation nature neck neighbor newspaper night noise noon nose notebook notice novel nurse object occasion occupation ocean office oil opinion opportunity order organization pack package page pain paint pair paper pardon parent park picture place problem quality question race radio rain reason restaurant result river school shoe side sister sky smile sound street student sun table teacher test thing time town tree trouble uncle university vegetable vocabulary voice wall water way weather week wife .
OCCUPATIONS / PROFESSIONS Accountant acrobat Actor / actress Air hostess Air traffic controller archaeologist architect artist assembly worker astronaut athlete auctioneer auto mechanic baby sitter baker bank teller barber baseball player beggar bouncer bus driver butcher cable installer carpenter cashier caterer chef circus performer clerk comedian composer computer programmer construction worker consultant contractor cook counselor cowboy/cowgirl cricket player crossing guard custodian / janitor dentist dermatologist designer dietitian doctor dog catcher editor electrician elephant driver engineer factory worker fare collector farmer file clerk firefighter fisherman flight attendant florist football player forest ranger gardener geologist grocer gynecologist hairdresser homemaker housekeeper hypnotist interpreter ironworker janitor journalist king laborer landlord / landlady landscape designer lawyer / attorney lecturer legal secretary legislator librarian mail carrier makeup artist mason / bricklayer master of ceremony messenger migrant worker miner minister model monk movie director movie star musician nanny naturalist newscaster nun nurse oceanographer office clerk opera singer operator optician optometrist orchestra director orthodontist painter paper carrier paralegal paramedic park guide pediatrician personal trainer pharmacist photographer pilot plumber podiatrist police officer politician pop singer radio/TV announcer rancher realtor receptionist referee reporter rickshaw driver sailor salesperson sanitation worker school principal scientist sculptor secretary security guard senator showgirl social worker software engineer soldier sound engineer steeplejack store clerk stuntman / woman sumo wrestler super model supervisor surgeon tailor taxi / cab driver teacher telemarketer tour guide train conductor translator travel agent truck driver urologist usher ventriloquist veterinarian .
SILENT LETTERS aisle align alignment almond answer apostle ascend asthma autumn ballet beret bomb breakfast bridge building business bustle calf calm catalogue Chevrolet clothes coat colleague column comb condemn Connecticut consign corps corpse could coup crumb cupboard damn debt depot descend design dialogue doubt dumb eight epilogue exhibit fasten fatigue faux folk foreign glimpse gnash gnat gnaw gnome gnu government gristle half handsome hasten head herb hole honest honor hour indict intrigue iron island isle isthmus jostling kitchen knack knack pack knee knife knob knot limb listen marriage mortgage neighbor night northeaster numb often opossum palm parliament patios plaque plumber pneumonia prologue psalm psychology raspberry receipt rendezvous rhyme rhythm right salmon scene scent science sign sing solemn sophomore subpoena subtle suit knowledge knuckle lamb league light surprise sword talk teacher Thailand Thames thing through thyme tie tomb trestle two walk watch Wednesday weigh where whisk whisper whistle who who whom whose womb would wrestle wring wrist write writer wrong wrought yacht yolk .
as white as snow as wide as the ocean as wise as an owl . as old as the hills as pale as a ghost as playful as a kitten as pleased as punch as poor as a church mouse as pretty as a picture as proud as a peacock as quiet as a mouse as regular as clockwork as rich as Croesus. as ugly as sin as uncertain as the weather. as hungry as a wolf as large as a whale as light as a feather as loud as thunder as mad as a hatter as neat as a pin. as eager as a beaver as easy as pie as fast as lightening as fat as a pig as fit as fiddle as free as a bird as fresh as a daisy as full as tick. as warm as toast. as sound as a bell as sour as a lemon as steady as a rock as stiff as a poker as strong as a lion as strong as an ox as stubborn as a mule as sweet as honey as swift as an arrow as taut as a drum as thick as two planks as thin as a reed as tight as a barrel as tough as gristle. as hairy as an ape as happy as a grin as happy as a lark as happy as Larry as hard as nails as heavy as lead. as clear as mud as cold as ice as cool as a cucumber as cunning as a fox as dark as night as dead as a doorknob as deaf as a post. as deep as a well as deep as the ocean as deep as the sea as dull as dishwater. as hot as an oven. as weak as a kitten. as brittle as glass.SIMILES OF COMPARISON as bald as a billiard ball as bald as a coot as bald as an eagle as big as a whale as black as coal As black as sin as black as thunder as blind as a bat as blue as the sky as bold as brass as brave as a lion. as hot as hell as hungry as a bear. as right as rain as slippery as an eel as slow as a snail as slow as a tortoise as slow as molasses as sly as a fox as soft as silk as solid as a brick. as bright as a button. as brown as a berry as busy as a beaver as busy as a bee as clean as a whistle. as rough as a corncob as sharp as a tack as sick as a dog as generous as the day is long as silly as a goose as gentle as a lamb as good as gold as greedy as a glutton.
murmur drone sing boom whistle bellow bleat meow. gibber hoot low. woof. screech trumpet chant buzz bark. squeal chatter. purr. mew. cackle crow moo. low caw cuckoo bell bark. grunt. grunt bleat honk chirp. whistle squawk squeak scram neigh.SOUNDS ANIMALS MAKE ANIMAL bear bees beetles birds bitterns blackbirds bulls calves cats chickens cocks cows crows cuckoos deer dogs dolphins donkeys doves ducks eagles elephants falcons flies foxes frogs geese giraffes goat goose grasshoppers grouse guinea fowl SOUND growl hum. honk bleat. whinny laugh mew roar howl chatter squeak. baa titter crey. arf click bray coo. grunt roar. hiss. hiss. buzz. growl grunt gobble howl . moan quack scream. bellow talk scream oink. caterwaul peep. squeak coo croak snort bleat. yelp croak cackle. pitter drum cry ANIMAL guinea pigs gulls hares hawks horses hyenas kittens lions loons magpies mice monkeys owl oxen parrots peacock pig pigeons ravens rhinos sheep swallows swans tiger tortoises turkeys wolves SOUND squeak. squeal.
two 95. effect 59. description 57. comparative 49. occasion 10.separate 80. losing 6. interest 2. procedure 33. belief 43.among 39.apparent 40. led 4.succession 86.separation 81. define 55. similar 84. fascinate 67. probable 31. mere 8. describe 56. receiving 74. writing . believe 44. conscious 50. woman 99. practical 23. rhythm 78. quiet 72. definitely 53.pursue 71.accommodate 35.THE 100 WORDS MOST COMMONLY MISSPELLED 1. principle 29. receive 73.marriage 7. shining 82. than 89. opinion 14. occurring 12. profession 69. beneficial 45. principal 28. explanation 66. benefited 46. occurrence 13. controversial 52. argument 41. sense 79. too. category 47. technique 88.referring 76. professor 34. precede 24. environment 61. prevalent 27. repetition 77. necessary 9. personal 19. through 94. possession 21. coming 48. then 90. all right 38. there 92. to. experience 65. acquire 37. privilege 30. occurred 11. controversy 51. particular 17. definition 54.recommend 75. personnel 20. possible 22. lose 5. existence 63. its. their 91. prepare 26. exaggerate 62. write 100. performance 18. proceed 32.succeed 85. disastrous 58. unnecessary 97. it's 3. surprise 87. they're 93. existent 64. paid 16.transferred 96. opportunity 15. villain 98. height 68. arguing 42. prominent 70. prejudice 25.achievement 36. embarrass 60.
300 USEFUL ADJECTIVES – INTERMEDIATE absent afraid alive alone angry ashamed asleep attractive available aware awful bad basic beautiful big black blank blind blue brief bright broad brown busy calm careful careless charming cheap cheerful chemical clean clear clever cloudy comfortable common complete complex dangerous dark dead deaf dear deep definite delicious different difficult direct dirty double dry dull early easy electric elementary empty entire equal essential exact excellent extra fair false familiar famous far fast favorite female final fine flat foolish foreign generous gentle glad good gradual grand grateful gray/grey great green handsome happy hard healthy heavy high honest hot huge human hungry ideal ill imaginary important impossible individual innocent insane instant intelligent interested international irregular jealous juicy junior just large lonely long loose loud lovely low lucky mad main major male married marvelous maximum mere merry narrow natural neat necessary negative neutral new nice noisy nosy obvious odd official old open opposite original outstanding pale particular past perfect permanent potential practical present pretty principal private probable professional proud public pure queer quick quiet rare raw ready recent red regular reliable responsible rich right ripe rough round rural sad safe scientific secret separate serious sharp short sick silent similar steady successful sure terrible thick thin thirsty through tight tiny tired total tough tragic tropical trusty typical ugly universal unusual urban urgent usual vacant valuable various vast vicious violent vital wary weak weary welcome wet white whole wicked wide .
TREES Acerola Ailanthus Akee apple Albizzia Alder Almond American beech Apple Apricot Araucaria Ash Aspen Avocado Banana Barbados's pride Bauhinia Bauhinia purpurea Be still tree Birch Blackberry Bombax Bottle tree Bottlebrush Breadfruit tree Buttercup tree Butterfly bush Cacao Calamondin California holly Callistemon Camellia Canistel Cannonball tree Carambola Cashew tree Cassia Casuarina Catalpa Cedar Cherry Cinquefoil Coconut Colvillea Cotoneaster Cottonwood Crabapple Crape Myrtle Crepe Myrtle Croton Custard apple Cypress Date palm Dogwood Douglas fir Dove tree Elm English holly Erythrina (Coral tree) Eucalyptus Ficus tree Fig Fig Fir Firethorn Flame tree Floss silk tree Flowering quince Frangipani Fuchsia Geiger orange tree Giant sequoia Gingko Gold tree Granadilla Grapefruit Guava Hackberry Hawthorn Hemlock Hibiscus Ilex Ink wood Jaboticaba Jacaranda Japanese barberry Juniper Kaffir plum Kapok tree Jackfruit Kumquat Lantana Larch Laurel Lebanon cedar Lemon Lignum vitae Lime Linden Litchi Longan Loquat Magnolia Mahogany Maidenhair tree Malay apple Mamey sapote Mango Mangosteen Manzanita Maple Mesquite Mimosa Moreton Bay chestnut Mountain ash Mulberry Nectarine Oak Oleander Olive Orange Palm Papaya Paradise tree Peach Pear Pecan Persimmon Pigeon plum Pine Pistachio Ponytail tree Poplar Plum Queensland nut Quince Rain tree Rainbow shower Red horse chestnut Redwood Rose apple Royal Poinciana Sapodilla Sassafras Sausage tree Sea grape Silk oak Soapbark tree Sorcerer's wand Sorrel tree Soursop Spiracea Spruce Star apple Sugar apple Sumac Sweet gum Sweet lemon sweet mock orange Sycamore Tamarind Tangelo Tangerine Tea tree Tecoma tree Tropical almond Tulip tree Umbrella pine Umbrella tree Washington thorn Wattle Weeping willow Willow Yellowwood Yew pine Yucca .
to make whole is an expression of admiration what a word suggest. opposing means disliking. make suitable means to take as one's own means unfavorable. to use enter or use something means too much. disinclined to means to influence means an influence or result means completely ready means prior to some specific time without any other people unhappy because there are no friends to talk to area of town with many small shops very strange or unusual referring to two people or things referring to more than two people or things to take something to return it later to allow someone to use something for a while means an intake of air means to draw air in and out means to carry toward the person who is speaking means to carry away from the speaker means next to or by the side of means in addition to means the seat of a government a building where the legislature meets means to complete. beyond its meaning the meaning of a word according to the dictionary advice given a decision-making group reasoning from the general to the particular reasoning from the particular to the general means a place with little or no water a sweet dish usually served after a meal to find something already in existence to create a new product means relating to two parts or aspects means a contest between two persons means to leave one's country of origin . more than necessary means to take when offered means excluding to emphasize that something is true at this time means to adjust to change.TROUBLESOME WORDS access excess accept except actually presently adapt adopt adverse averse affect effect all ready already alone lonely bazaar bizarre between among borrow lend breath breathe bring take beside besides capital capitol complement compliment connotation denotation counsel council deduction induction desert dessert discover invent dual duel emigrate means availability. positive or negative.
means chief or main means a fundamental truth or belief aware of other people's feelings able to make good judgments means standing still.immigrate famous notorious farther further fewer less formally formerly hard hardly hanged hung imply infer its it's learn teach laborious hard working lay lie lose loose persons people persecute prosecute precede proceed principal principle sensitive sensible stationary stationery than then your you're wary weary means to enter another country celebrated. firm. without interest or enthusiasm for doing something . fixed means writing materials. means to acquire knowledge means to impart knowledge taking a lot of time and effort to make something to put a lot of effort into a job means to put down an object for a person to recline or repose unable to find not firmly affixed are individuals that are separated and unrelated comprise a united or collective group of individuals means to make life miserable for someone means to conduct a criminal investigation. is the contraction of it is. almost no refers to a person being killed by to suspend an item from a wall to hint or suggest to take a hint or suggestion is the possessive form of it. means to come before means to go ahead. well or widely known known widely and usually unfavorably refers to physical distance refers to degree or extent refers to individual units (count nouns) refers to bulk items (noncount counts) means in a formal way means at an earlier time. especially paper used to introduce the second part of a comparison refers to a particular time in the past or future is the possessive form of you. stiff almost not. careful tired. is the contraction of you are cautious. solid.
VERBS – MASTER LIST accept act admire advise agree allow answer argue arrange arrive ask avoid be become beg begin believe bend bite blame bless boil blow break breathe bring build buy call can care carry catch change choose claim close come continue cost count cry cure cut dance decide declare defeat defend deliver destroy die dig discuss disappear do dream drink drive earn eat educate encourage enjoy escape expect explain express fail fall feel fill fight find finish fix fly force forgive gather get glance give go grow guess guide hang happen hate hear help hesitate hide hit hold hope hunt hurt imagine improve increase influence inquire join joke jump keep kick kill kiss knock know laugh lay learn leave let lie like lift listen live lock look lose love mail make manage march marry mean meet melt miss mix move need notice obey observe occur offer open operate order organize owe pack paint pause pay perform pick plan play plow pour praise pray prepare prevent print produce protest prove put puzzle race rain raise reach read realize recover remain remember remind remove respect ride ring rise rub ruin run sail save say scream see seek seem sell send sense separate serve sew shake share shine show shut sign sink sit sleep slip smell smile speak stand stare stay steal stick stop strike string struggle stuck study succeed supply support suppose surprise swim take talk taste teach tear tell think threaten throw touch try urge use view visit vote wait wake walk wander wane want warn wash waste watch wave wear weep whisper whistle wilt win wind wipe wish wonder work worry wrap .
WHAT DOES IT TASTE LIKE? Description acidic appetizing biting bitter bittersweet bland burned buttery cheesy chewy cloying creamy crisp crunchy curdled delicate delicious disgusting fermented fishy floral fluffy foul fruity gingery greasy hearty heavy herbaceous honeyed hot insipid juicy light luscious mealy medicinal Translation mellow moldy mushy nauseating nutty oily overripe palatable peppery piquant rancid raw rich ripe rotten salty savory sharp smoky sour spicy spoiled stale strong sugary sweet tainted tangy tart tasteless tasty unappetizing unpalatable unripe vile vinegary zesty Description Translation .
WORDS AND THEIR OPPOSITES WORD OPPOSITE WORD accelerator after against always amateur ancestor antagonist apathy arrival autumn basement before beneath best birth borrow brave bride brother buy cat cause cheerful child circle citizen city come cops cowardice crooked dawn day death defense employer enemy exciting exit fancy brake before for never professional descendant protagonist empathy departure spring attic after above worst death lend scared groom sister sell dog effect sad adult square alien country go robbers bravery straight dusk night life offense employee friend dull entrance plain finish fire floor forget forward friend girl give go graceful guilty hand heaven hero hunter husband increase inflation insult introvert jungle junior key kitten knife landlord laugh / smile lead least length lock longitude love lower male man mom morning mother mother OPPOSITE WORD begin water / ice ceiling remember backward stranger boy take stay clumsy innocent foot hell villain prey wife decrease deflation compliment extrovert desert senior lock puppy fork tenant cry / frown follow most width unlock latitude hate raise female woman dad night daughter father outer part passenger patient pen poverty preview push question rain reward salt sea send simple single sink son son soon sorrow stepfather success sun sunny sunrise table take teacher top truth uncle under up vegetarian victory wake war weekday welcome OPPOSITE inner whole driver impatient pencil wealth review pull answer snow punishment pepper land receive complex double / married float father daughter later joy / happiness stepmother failure moon cloudy sunset chair bring student bottom lie aunt over down carnivore defeat sleep peace weekend reject .
etc. Apostrophe: The direct address of a dead person or of something that is not present. can be considered "the bad guy". is unchanged by events Developing (dynamic) Character: changes over the course of events. Often a place of symbolism. using altered or phonetic spelling. Antagonist: The person. but not always occurs at the climax. See Universal Theme. Although dialogue is signaled by the use of quotation marks.Literary Devices Allusion: When an author refers to something previous in literature or history. Foreshadowing: When the author suggests of hints at events to come later in the text. turning point. independence. etc. Example: witty servant. Flashback: An interruption in a narrative to show an episode that happened before the story opened (prior to chapter 1). Static Character: stays the same. Often used as a symbol or a connection. deeper understanding of life. Similar to a monologue. the last part of a text after the climax or epiphany. Often. Concept: One of the "big ideas" an author presents in a text (ex: family. thing or force that works against the hero of the story. Falling Action/Denouement: Typically. trusty sidekick. love. Epiphany: Moment of main realization. Conflict: The struggle between opposing forces in a text. and/or the moment of choice for a character.). Dialogue: Conversation between 2 or more characters. Stock character/archetype: a common character type that reoccurs throughout literature. Used to create character or tone/mood. Dialect: The imitation of regional speech in print. it is different than a quote (see writing definitions). Character: A fictional personality created by the author. etc. Hero: when the protagonist is admirable Antihero: when the protagonist is not admirable .
. all their motives and thoughts (all knowing) First person: Narrator tells the story from his/her own point of view. Ex. Irony: when the author draws attention to the difference of what is and what seems to be— often only the audience knows the truth. often using character. Plot: The sequence of events in a text. Metonymy: the substitution of one term for another that is generally associated with it: Ex. Omniscient: Narrators know all the characters. the relation between the narrator. Narrator is one the characters and refers to self as "I" Protagonist: The main character or hero of the story. and the reader: Third person: Narrator is outside the story and refers to characters as s/he. Lesson Learned: What the character learns or realizes as a result of the epiphany. "suits" for businessmen.: It's raining cats and dogs. Personification: When an author gives human qualities to a non-human thing/ object: Example: The rain tickled my nose. the characters. Ex. Metaphors can be several lines long (extended).: I've told you about a million times today…" Idiom: a common expression that has acquired a meaning that differs from its literal meaning. Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike ideas not using "like" or "as". Paradox: When a contradiction is reveals a deeper truth: You only hurt those you love. Ex: the ending of Romeo & Juliet. Parody: A literary work/text in which the style of another author or literary work is closely imitated for comic effect. Life is a box of chocolates. see point of view. Point of view: How the text is presented. Mood: The feeling a piece of literature creates in a reader (reader side). Narrator: A person who tells a story. Main Idea: A brief and literal summary of the text which may refer to the primary concept(s).Hyperbole: An excessive overstatement or exaggeration of fact.
sarcastic. Theme: The central conflict in a text. Young Adult literature typically draws from the following five Universal Themes: Protagonist vs. Simile: A comparison between two unlike ideas using "like" or "as". Setting: The time. Protagonist vs. Fate) Tone: The writer's attitude towards his or her subject. Example: Fire. or color used to represent an idea or abstract quality. Example: A bird. figure. Different authors may use the same "items" as different symbols. Protagonist vs. Rising Action: Typically. Connected to. Used to create mood. Nature. Example: Fire. Protagonist vs. . the first part of a text during which the tension between or within characters builds to the climax or epiphany. is often used to represent freedom. is often used to represent violence. (serious. When all or most questions are answered. because it can fly. because it can destroy.Resolution: How the character deals with the information gained during the epiphany. humorous. follies. place of a story. but not identical to the plot. (occasionally seen Protagonist vs. because it is difficult to extinguish.). Often used to make a political or social commentary. Satire: A literary work that ridicules or scorns. and Protagonist vs. is often used to represent strength Emblem: A fixed symbol—one that doesn't change: The Star of David is a symbol of Judaism. Vehicle: An overarching idea or thread that permeates and ties together the entire story. Self. or weaknesses. her eyes were like chocolate. etc. Another. Symbol: An object. Society. human vices. Religion. character.
amazingly 13. have 18. as clean as 4. prestigious 10. softly 16. easier 4. quickly 4. confidently 2. less expensive than 2. more patient 5. distracted Comparative Adjectives – An Exercise 1. don't hear 8. fascinating 8. interesting 10. hate 13. dark 14. exciting 4. embarrassed 13. less meaningful than 9. hot 7. as cold as 15. have . patient 12. as qualified as 7. quiet 20. most 2. moved 14. as strong as Non-Progressive (linking) Verbs Exercise 1. tragically 17. boring 15. less intelligent than 3. different from c) as expensive as 9. good 3. shocking 12. the same as b) more expensive than 8. as good as 8. exciting 11. feel/don't want 16. boring 3. embarrassed 7. bored 6. surprising 9. worse f) the most expensive Adjectives/Adverbs/Linking Verbs Exercise 1. worse than 6.EFL RESOURCE BOOKLET – ANSWER KEYS GRAMMAR SECTION Comparative/Superlative Adjective Quiz 1. complete 11. the nicest 3. faster than 11. gets 2. silently 15. become 3.thicker than 12. warmer and warmer d) more expensive than 10. gradually 19. important 5. extremely 9. confused 5. feels 11. hotter 6. believe 12. are having 17. interesting 2. quickly 18. looking 6. as smart as 13. tired g) lighter h) as light as i) heavier j) the heaviest K) the lightest Distinguishing between Adjectives that End in –ed and –ing 1. fluently 6. more dangerous than 10. the tallest 14. the most creative 5. better a) less expensive than 7. appears 7. uncomfortable 8.
Panday / He 4. a 5. a 4.4. got 6.The 12. 0 2. We / Nepali / Mr. the 15. appears 5. The 10. got / had 10. a 6. the 14. the 19. I'm / Modern European History 101 19. doesn't taste 10. the 8. the 9. the 6. The Mississippi River Causative Verbs – An Exercise 1. a 11. a 16. Othello / Venice / Shakespeare 8. a/the 22. Perhaps / Rita / Anup / Pokhara 5. the 8. the/the 21. got 7. Canada / United States 15. a 24. the 9. had / got 3. Russians 11. The Nile River / Mediterranean Sea 6. a/the 3. I'm 10. We / Saturdays 16. a 7. made . need 15. I'm having Using definite article "The" 1. the/a 20. to get / have 8. The/the 17. I / Professor Panday / University of Arizona 20. John / Catholic Ali / Moslem 7. Venezuela / Spanish 18. I'm seeing 14. the 25.the/the Capitalization – An Exercise 1. I / Vietnamese 17. made 2. a 2. The 13. have 20. O 4. The 7. sound 19. the 10. We/Tuesday 2. a/the 23. made 4. a 18. acts 9. The 5. the 3. Sing 14. got / had 9. made 5. I / New Delhi 12. Do / Dr. a 13. O Articles Usage – An Exercise 1. Ram / Singapore / RNAC / Dashain 9. I / French / July 3.
and 9. and 17. 12. so 19. but 10. passing 11. 2. or 1. or 24. for 5. but 8. for 7. for 2. for 12. and 16. Paula got the job even though she had no experience. to find 10. to see . 6. Since and For 1. he can visit his friends. talking 15. 7. The Harrisons were having a party because their daughter was getting engaged. 4. 9. yet people like her. since 6. 5. since 4. to hear 4. we can't buy anything. or Conjunctions: An Exercise 1. 11. She's snobbish. but. they had to learn to manage their own home. to be 13. since 11. I won't invite my classmates to a party until I know them well. being 9. I had already done the dishes. He went crazy when his wife burnt his breakfast. He fell asleep while he was watching the film. and 13. so 25. or 12. smoking 8.but 18. Since we're broke. for 8. 14. so. cooking 6. The car broke down. he won't give up on his ideals. or 21. for Gerunds versus Infinitives 1. Even though he failed. and 14. 10. but 23. 13. As soon as Alex has finished his homework. since 18. and 4. since 16. since 10. going 5. studying 7. seeing 12. for 17. By the time he arrived home. 3. 15. but 15. and 2. seeing 14. or 7. or 5. After they got married. to stay 3. You can hear what I'm saying if you keep quiet. liking 2. for 15. for 9. since 19. for 20. The first quiz was easy whereas this one is extremely difficult. and 20. so 22. Benjamin passed the exam the first time whereas I had to take it three times. so George went to find help. so 3. 8. and 6. since 13. since 3. since 14. so 11.Conjunctions: And.
would 10. My brother will go and I will stay. should/must/ought to 7. can 19. Simpson gave an award to Tina and me. a 4. blown 6. David and I love Mexican food. b 10. c 5. must 12. Ivan and I like to fish. found 24. b/a/a . b/a/a 9. brought 8. should 13. Gary and his brother invited me to their house. b 8. broke 7. 3. 2. couldn't have Countable/Uncountable Noun Quantifiers 1. fed 22. become 3. been 2. begun 4. flown 25. bought 10. None 2. 4. should/must/ought to 15. can/would 11. cut 15. come 13. I usually score well on tests. Irregular Verbs – An Exercise 1. could/can/would 6. b/a 6. should have 4. done 16. fallen 21. will/can 16. She and I delivered newspaper when we were in school. should/can 20. 10. drawn 17. would 5. forgotten Modals – An Exercise 1. 8. Mrs. chosen 12. 7."I" and "Me" 1. c 11. Anthony invited George and me to his party. caught 11. eaten 20. will 18. can 8. bitten 5. felt 23. should have/could have 3. 5. The policeman warned Robert and me about fireworks. cost 14. can't 9. may/should/can/ must 2. drunk 18. 9. would/will 17. Alex handed the fishing pole to me. driven 19. would have 14. b/c/c 7. 6. b 3. built 9.
turn it down 9. on 29. c 11. of 19. on 21. at 25. of/of 10. for 7. in 20. in 17. at 4. on Preposition Practice 1. to Proverb Practice with Prepositions 1. in 6. of 24. b 13. put it out 8. on 8. on 5. take it back 6. up/down 11. at 18. with 16. On. turn it in 12. clean up Preposition Quiz: In. on 23. of 4. a 5. in 8. in 16. b 19. with 6. a 10. at 22. d 14. from 9. at 23. a 7. of 14. at 30. to 17. b 16. d 17. on 24. by 21. to 9. of . b 4. to 5. try it on 3. at 13. b 15. in 26. c 2. in 7. for 12. a 18. at 11. at 13. b 11. at 3. without 20. on 20. on 2.Two-Word Verb Quiz 1. on 27. in 5. call on 15. for 3. on 21. to 23. in 14. as 28. by 3. jotted down 14. on 10. in 10. use it up 2. in 19. d 8. in 18. a 3. in 2. b 20. on 4. into 12. on 6. in 18. on 14. between 22. in 7. before 25. for 15. b 9. d 6. heard from 10. over 24. on 15. of 25. at 12. in 15. a 12. hung up 5. at 9. in 2. in 16. at 17. turn it on 13. hand back 4. into 13. figure out Phrasal Verb Practice 1. out/out 8. in 11. for 19. At 1. filled out/turned in 7. from 22.
collect 5. carefully 17. beauty 4. no changes needed 12. personal 1 24. any 8. them 5. demonstrative 4 17. personal 1 Object Pronouns Practice 1. indefinite 3 7. artistic 6. no changes needed 6. personal 1 21. successful 16. indefinite 3 16. dangerous 20. 15. it 7. them 9. it 15. destruction 7. sadness 19. her 11. relative 2 18. indefinite 3 10. any 3. explanation 10. guard 13. scientific 9. personal 1 9. demonstrative 4 8. enjoyable 18. any 5. them 6. dirty 11. no changes needed 8. dependable 2. indefinite 3 11.Pronoun Exercise 1. interrogative 6 Any and Some – An Exercise 1. enchanting 9. repetition 11. demonstrative 4 13. them 12. any 10. kindness 12. any 4. reflexive 5 14. together . grew 14. it 10. her 3. injured Related Words Practice 1. some 9. some 6. him 2. them 14. relative 2 22. her 13. interrogative 6 20. relative 2 4. happily 14. some 7. it 4. gratitude 8. personal 1 5. timid 3. needed 4. fair 13. him 19. made bigger 2. drinking a lot of wine 7. interrogative 6 25. reflexive 5 2. relative 2 15. him 8. contents 5. relative 2 6. satisfactorily 3. some 2. pleased 15. relative 2 3. some Redundancy – An Exercise 1. reflexive 1 23. ancient 10. interrogative 6 12.
for 4. has been working 17. has been waiting 20. to 5. failed 6. to 13. g 10. to 8. has been 11. have been voting 7. aren't you? 5. did she? 2. have been 19. for 11. do you? 7. have been 15. for 3. have been walking 12. has been 10. to 2. have had 3. would you? 12. b 8. hasn't seen 5. to 16. to 7. has been shopping 2. isn't it? 3. a 4.Tag Question Practice 1. to 17. hasn't been 3. has read . have been talking 23. has lived 8. is she? 8. were you? 10. for 12. i 12. hasn't cooked 14. k 7. f 6. went Expressions of Purpose 1. have eaten 9. to 9. has been working 10. has been watching 22. has walked 12. e 1. to 18. j 9. have been reading 25. have worked 7. will she? Present Perfect versus Present Perfect Progressive 1. h 5. to 11. to 10. c 2. d 3. has he? 9. didn't you? 6. has been working 24. has played 14. have been sitting 21. picked 13. l 11. built 15. has been studying 5. haven't achieved 2. hasn't it? 11. has studied 13. haven't played Simple Past versus Present Perfect 1. has been raining 4. has been playing 6. to 14. haven't left 8. haven't felt 16. to 15. doesn't he? 4. have worked 4. have had 18. for 6.
Subject – Verb Agreement 1. are 2. has 3. is 4. runs 5. wants 6. have 7. have 8. has 9. were 10. concerns 11. is 12. are 13. are 14. are 15. makes 16. has 17. are 18. is 19. makes 20. are
Subject –Verb Agreement: More Practice 1. were 2. is 3. gets 4. are 5. is 6. is 7. is 8. do 9. are 10. are 11. has 12. was 13. has 14. are 15. are 16. is 17. like 18. is 19. is 20. is 21. have 22. were 23. is 24. speak 25. are 26. is 27. works 28. is 29. astounds 30. agree
Adverbs that Show Time Relationship 1. as soon as/after/just after/whenever 2. just after/whenever/after 3. whenever/as long as/every time 4. while/when/just as 5. while/just as 6. as soon as/just as 7. until 8. after/as soon as 9. just as/as soon as 10. just before /as soon as 11. three times 12.as soon as/just after 13. by the time 14. when 15. as long as 16. before / until 17. just as 18. as soon as / just as 19. as soon as/when/just as 20. every time/after/when/whenever
Using "Used To" 1. used to smoke 2. used to own 3. used to live 4. used to eat 5. used to be 6. used to take 7. used to be 8. used to go 9. used to travel 10. used to go
If: Special Tense Use 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The kitchen would look better if we had red curtains. I'll be sorry if we don't see her again. It would be a pity if Andy doesn't get the job. If I knew his address, I would go around and find him. What would you do if you won the lottery? It would be quicker if you use a computer.
7. If you aren't busy, I will show how to play. 8. If we have some eggs, I will make a cake. 9. If you really loved me, you would buy me those diamonds. 10. I'm sure Carmen would help you if you ask her. 11. If it weren't so cold, I would tidy up the garden. 12. If I had the key, I would show you the cellar. 13. If I had children like hers, I would send them to boarding school. 14. Where would you if you needed to buy a picture frame? 15. Do you mind if I go first? Active or Passive Voice 1. was shocked 2. has been teaching 3. has been said 4. will be published 5. remembers 6. was introduced 7. is being considered 8. was held 9. will be given 10. had already been solved 11. is read 12. is delivered 13. happened 14. wrote / was written 15. attended 16. was hit 17. happened 18. was interrupted 19. heard 20. won't be collected There is / There are 1. are 2. are 3. is 4. is 5. are 6. are 7. is 8. are 9. is 10. are 11. are 12. are 13. is 14. are 15. is 16. are 17. is 18. is 19. are 20. is
Using So and Such 1. so 2. such 3. so 4. such 5. so 6. so 7. such 8. such 9. such 10. so 11. such 12. such 13. so 14. such 15. such 16. so 17. so 18. such 19. so 20. so
Using Yet, Still and Anymore 1. yet 2. still 3. anymore 4. still 5. already 6. yet 7. yet 8. already 9. still 10. still 11. anymore 12. already 13. yet/still 14. already 15. still
Troublesome Verbs 1. raised 2. rises 3. sat 4. set 5. lay 6. lying 7. lay 8. lie 9. lies 10. raises 11. rose 12. lays Say and Tell 1. told 2. said 3. said 4. tells 5. told 6. said 7. said 8. told 9. said 10. said 11. told 12. told 13. tell 14. said 15. told 13. lay 14. set 15. sat 16. lies
Same as, Similar to, Different from 1. different from 2. similar to 3. different to/similar to 4. different from 5. the same as 6. similar to/different from 7. different from 8. the same as 9. different from 10. the same as Using "When" and "While" 1. d 2. f 3. h 4. e 5. b 6. g 7. j 8. a 9. i 10. c 11. the same as 12. similar to 13. the same as 14. different from 15. similar to
Collocations with "Make" and "Do" 1. do/make 2. making/doing did/do 3. Do/making 4. made/made 5. made 6. does/make 7. make/do 8. make/makes 9. made/do 10. make Connectives – An exercise 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. c 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. a 11. making/making 12. made 13. made/make 14. made/make 15. made
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES AND IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS Wise Words 11. Seeing… 12. It doesn't rain… 13. Like father… 14. Cleanliness is next to… 15. Home is where… 16. In for penny,… 17. Nothing succeeds… 18. When the cat is away… 19. Misery… 20. What goes up… Situation and their Responses 1. H 2. F 3. J 4. C 5. K 6. B 7. E/S 8. D 9. N 10. L 11. T 12. P 13. I 14. R 15.G
1. It takes two…. 2. Curiosity… 3. An apple a day keeps… 4. One man's loss… 5. Actions speak… 6. Finder's keeper… 7. Silence… 8. To err… 9. God helps those… 10. A stitch in time…
Idioms about the body and the Mind 1. head 2. mouth 3. head 4. leg 5. heart 6. leg 7. hand 8.mouth 9. tongue/check 10. hand 11. foot/mouth 12. tongue 13. thumbs 14. hands 15. hands 16. neck 17. nose 18. heart/stomach 19. throat 20. neck/neck
Phrases and Places 1. n 2. m 3. j 4. g 5. a 6. f 7. i 8. q 9. h 10. e 11. b 12. k 13. o 14. c 15. p 16. t 17. l 18. d 19. r 20. s 21. w 22. y 23. z 24. v 25. x 26. u
Riddles for Children 1. E 2. O 3. X 4. H 5. U 6. G 7. S 8. F 9. M 10. Y 11. V 12. T 13. B 14. W 15. P 16. D 17. J 18. A 19. I 20. L 21. Z 22. R 23. N 24. Q 25. K 26. C
Idiomatic Expressions Using Colors 1. red 2. white 3. gray 4. blue 5. green 6. pink 7. pink 8. black 9. blue 10. red 11. white 12. white 13. green 14. black 15. red 16. purple 17. green 18. red 19. blue 20. red
Common Comparisons – Similes 1. e 2. m 3. d 4. j 5. l 6. a 7. o 8. f 9. n 10. i 11. b 12. h 13. c 14. k 15. g
Expressing our Moods 1. bad mood 2. sorting things 3. friction 4. bad mood 5. good mood 6. sorting things 7. bad mood 8. good mood 9. bad mood 10.sorting things 11. bad mood 12. friction 13. bad mood 14. sorting things 15. good mood 16. bad mood 17. good mood 18. friction 19. friction 20. good mood
Animated Animals a) 5 b) 7 c) 14 d) 2 e) 11 f) 9 g) 1 h) 12 I) 4 Animal Idioms a) 12 b) 8 c)10 d)15 e)14 f) 13 g) 7 h) 3 i) 6 j) 11 k) 9 l) 2 Using Idioms 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 7. b 5. a 8. b 6. b 9. b 10. b 11. b 12. a 13. b 14. b 15. a 16. a 17. b 18. a 19. a 20. b 21. a 22. b 23. a 24. a m) 16 n) 1 o) 4 p) 5 j) 13 k) 6 l) 15 m) 3 n) 10 o) 8
Food Idioms 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. a 9. b Dilemmas 1. learn 2. follow 3. be 4. obey 5. fake 6. do 7. read 8. achieve 9. keep 10. accept 10. a 11. a 12. b
Follow the Idiom 1. shadow 2. slow 3. below 4. narrow 5. window 6. follow 7. grow 8. snow 9. yellow 10. row 11. blow 12. bow 13. show 14. know 15. low 16. elbow
A Review of Some Idiomatic Expressions 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. c Idioms of the Body and the Mind II 1. ears 2. head 3. head 4. mind 5. head 6. head 7. mind 8. head 9. mind 10. mind 11. face 12. head 13. nose 14. mind 15. eye 16. heads 17. eye 18. ears 19. head 20. eyes 21. hairs 22. mind 23. neck/neck 24. ear 25. nose 26. head 27. mouth 28. head 29. leg 30. heart 31. leg 32. hand 33. hand 34. hands 35. heart 10. b 11. c 12. a
Body Parts – Idioms 1. C 2. H 3. I 4. F 5. G 6. N 7. R 8. P 9. B 10. O 11. S 12. Q 13. D 14. M 15. K 16. A
Words to Insult Folks you Don't Like 1. F 2. I 3. G 4. J 5. H 6. B 7. E 8. D 9. A 10. C 1. sycophant 2. diabolic 3. inebriate 4. opponent 5. mendacious 6. hypochondriac 7. dilettante 8. agnostic 9. abhorrent 10. enmity 1. agnostic 2. sycophant 3. antagonist 4. inebriate 5. hypochondriac 6. mendacious 7. diabolical 8. mendacity 9. dilettante 10. abhorrent
What do you Call the Thing That….? 1. can opener 2. telephone 3. wallet 4. purse 5. coins 6. bills 7. menu 8. alphabet 9. clouds 10. racket 11. bananas 12. key 13. onion 14. jet 15. bird 16. mattress 17. lemon/lime 18. moustache 19. stamps 20. knife 21. puppy 22. coin 23. dishwasher 24. shoelaces 25. a year 26. punctual
Which one does not Belong? a) censure b) merit c) alter d) smudge e) prosper f) lock g) captivate h) fetch i) hazard j) junk k) poverty l) dawn m) capture n) gutter o) stream p) crook q) unselfish r) tedious s) enchanting t) dingy v) lazy u) agile w) partisan x) skint y) merge z) tell off aa) burst cc) vanish dd) bounty ee) carry on
What do They Do? 1. one who collects money 11. a specialist in diseases of 21. a glamorous and such as coins and bills and the feet successful female performer medals 2. one who collects stamps 12. one who studies water 22. a specialist in handwriting 3. one who studies fossil 13. one underwrites an 23. a waiter who specializes
remains 4. a specialist in diseases of the rectum 5. one who practices arbitrage 6. one who manages the camera for a film 7. one who makes maps 8. one who studies cryptographic systems 9. one who studies human population 10. a specialist in urinary diseases
insurance policy 14. a nurse who looks after patients in critical state 15. a dealer in men's clothes and accessories 16. one who studies the classification of animals and plants 17. a peddler of unsolicited advice 18. one who offers extensive treatment 19. an examiner 20. an expert in semantics Name your Fear
in wine 24. a specialist in butterflies 25. a college or university teacher 26. one who specializes in the study of diseases 27. someone able to predict the future 28. an employee who runs errands 29. one who helps settle disputes 30. one who specializes in the problems of the aged
Comparing Word Meaning 1. pin 2. pen 3. wheel 4. ring 5. shell 6. star 7. teeth 8. story 9. plate 10. bed 11. glass 12. key Places People Live In 1. L 2. A 3. B 4.J 5. D 6. H 7. Z 8. E 9. M 10. T 11. K 12. I 13. S 14. O 15. F 16. P 17. C 18. V 19. W 20. G 21. Y 22. X 23. N 24. Q 25. R 26. U 13. table 14. light 15. nail
Places to Go for a Purpose 1. zoo 2. museum 3. cinema 4. aquarium 5. bar/pub 6. concert hall 7. sports stadium 8. amusement park 9. bank 10. post office 11. travel agency 12. funeral parlor 13. dry cleaners' 14. plumber 15. employment agency 16. law firm 17. realtor 18. Laundromat 19. library 20. convenience store
Occupation Quiz 1. a 2. c 3. f 4. s 5. g 6. o 7. p 8. l 9. l 10. j 11. h 12. d 13. b 14. m 15. i 16. e 17. t 18. n 19. q 20. t
Collocations for Nouns and their Partitives 1. E 2. A 3. I 4. L 5. C 6. J 7. D 8. M 9. O 10. G 11. H 12. F 13. N 14. U 15. P 16. Q 17.V 18. T 19. X 20. K 21. B 22. Z 23. S 24. W 25. R 26. Y
Analogies 1. hospital 2. cow 3. drank 4. five 5. knee 6. inexpensive 7. after 8. light 9. finger 10. grape 11. tulip 12. glove 13. melt 14. dozen 15. bowl Synonyms A. animated B. gloomy C. make D. dull E. keen F. brotherly G. bizarre H. generous I. memento J. flawless K. wrestle L. depart M. listen N. envy O. listen P. obtain Q. hang R. long Antonyms a) lethargic b) thankless c) mean d) superficial e) industrious j) delectation k) vacuous l) fascinating m) listless n) advance s) barren t)) civilized v) esteem u) blunt w) order S. continual T. arrange V. pleased U. caught W. bravery X. change Y. stroke Z. ask 16. length 17. too 18. frown 19. blackboard 20. watch 21. teeth 22. bottom 23. decades 24. throw 25. ripe
father 2. U 14. I 15. G 3. I 17. H 17. grandfather 3. A 10. K 6. C 25. great-aunt 1. E 10. Q 3. Q 22. T 29. M 20. wife 12. Q Doublespeak 1.A 5. children 13. U 7. drive it 12. W 2. E 14. stepfather/mother 28. P 15. D 23. parents-in-law 23. sister 16. J 5. V 2. godmother 27. R 24.W 12. mother-in-law 20. C 8. eat it 11. N 6. great-grandson 25. T 7. grandson 9. O 23. wear it 2. D 21. Z 12. brother-in-law 19. F 11. K 25.f) imaginary g) relaxed h) extant i) jejune o) dull p) noisy q) normal r) cheerful Family Relationship Quiz x) wet y) traditional z) sad 1. read it 9. cousins 26. H Eponyms 1. M 8. wear it 13. D 16. N 27. X 18. V 10. grandmother 24. ex-wife 29. V 13. Z 21. O 15. uncle 5. S 3. B 18. P 23. drink it 15. Y 19. T 13. L 24. X 20. cousin 17. Y 16. G 16. C 9. FF 26. J 14. O . S 26. read it 14. brother/sister 14. I 12. eat it 7. V 22. J 28. A 32. W 4 . wear it Euphemisms 10. DD 18. niece 22. Y 20.BB 5. nephew Functional Knowledge 21. mother 11. B 7. drink it 3. X 4. parents 4. wear it 4. G 24. read it 5. cousin 6. N 21. eat it 6. CC 19. L 19. F 30. Z 6. K 11. B 13. F 4. cousin 18. nephew 10. AA 2. R 26. drive it 1. S 17. H 22. son 7. sister 8. P 9. wear it 8. husband 15. godchild 30. E 8. EE 11. R 9. L 31. M 25.
too 10. principal 18. afternoon 2. whether 17. b 20. c 9. gang 11. volery 6. hive 5. whose 12. i 10. than 30. poodle 7. p 13. drift 24. you're 11. its 15. capital 5. watch 19. j 16. g 5. lose 4. footsteps 5. s 12. e 2. capital 10. cete 3. knot 25. t 4.Animals 1. d 8. school 6. covey 22. bale . hear 3. horde 13. too 14. their 16. dessert 2. bedroom 3. l 18. kettle At the Zoo 1. exaltation 17. council 24. brace 10. siege 8. o 19. goodbye 16. cartoon 4. your 13. husk 15. h 3. floor 8. muster 20. exciting 28. affect 20. counsel 26. f 6. collage 23. congregation 21. lose 9. break 6. charm 14. football 11. door 16. effect A Quiz of Collective Nouns . crash 23. look 12. stationery 19. r 17. effect 25. desert 7. complimented At Home – Parts of a House 1. advice 27. here 8.Difficult Words 1. leap 18. zoo 9. murder 9. food 15. baboons 14. exiting 29. skein 12. m 15. army 2. clowder 7. principle 22. k 14. a 7. n 11. t 21. kangaroos 13. sleuth 4.