text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 14, 2002
|Filing date
|May 25, 2001
|Priority date
|Feb 1, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Chien-Hua Chen, Michael A Pate
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Classifications (13), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/243,650 filed on Feb. 1, 1999, now U.S. Pat. Ser. No. 6,261,742.
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus of manufacturing ink-jet printheads, and in particular to the formation of re-entrant nozzles through which ink is discharged from the printhead.
Thermal ink-jet printers operate by rapidly heating a small volume of ink and causing the ink to vaporize into a bubble which ejects a droplet of ink through an orifice nozzle to strike a recording medium, such as a sheet of paper. Typically, a number of orifices are arranged in a pattern upon a printhead. Thus, a properly sequenced ejection of ink from each orifice causes characters or other images to be printed upon the paper as the printhead is moved relative to the paper. In this print method, a major component of print quality depends upon the physical characteristics of the orifices in the printhead. For example, the geometry of the orifice affects the size, shape, trajectory, and speed of the ink drop ejected.
An ideal printhead includes nozzle members having re-entrant orifice nozzle profiles. Affixed to a back surface of the nozzle members is a substrate, which channels liquid ink into a vaporization chamber. Liquid ink within the vaporization chamber is vaporized by the energization of a thin film resistor formed on the surface of the substrate that causes a droplet of ink to be ejected from the orifice nozzle. Preferably, nozzle members are formed of a polymer material or a photoresist material using photolithography, laser ablation or other similar techniques to minimize cost and wafer process capability.
Re-entrant nozzles have many advantages over straight-bore or positive sloped nozzles. A re-entrant nozzle is a negatively sloped hole in an orifice layer. The re-entrant nozzle is a hole tapered to form a smaller channel at the orifice layer exit surface than on the substrate surface. This taper increases the velocity of an ejected ink droplet. In addition, the wider bottom opening in the nozzle allows for a greater alignment tolerance between the nozzle and the thin film resistor without affecting the quality of print. Additionally, a finer ink droplet is ejected, enabling printing that is more precise.
Re-entrant nozzles, in which the nozzle is part of a monolithic structure of polymer material on a substrate, are difficult to manufacture using conventional processes. Re-entrant nozzles have been formed using a laser by changing the angle of nozzle substrate with respect to a masked laser beam during the nozzle forming process. An improvement to this technique is to form the re-entrant nozzles with a laser by rotating and tilting an optical element between the laser and the nozzle substrate. Another re-entrant nozzle manufacturing technique is to use two or more masks for forming a single array of nozzles where each mask has a pattern corresponding to a different nozzle diameter. Still another re-entrant nozzle manufacturing technique is to defocus the laser beam during the orifice forming process.
Photolithography approaches have the opportunity to reduce the manufacturing time and reduce the complexity. Masks using projection printing have an opening corresponding to where a nozzle is formed in a photoresist layer. These masks have been used in the past for forming straight and single-angled re-entrant nozzles by controlling the fluence (joules/cm2) of laser radiation at the target substrate. Another photolithography process uses a single mask to form re-entrant nozzles in a photoresist layer. The mask used is similar to that of projection printing but the opaque and clear portions are reversed. The tapering performed in this process is due to the opaque portions of the mask causing frustum shaped shadows through the photoresist layer corresponding to where nozzles are to be formed. After developing and etching the photoresist layer, the resulting nozzles have a frustum shape. All of the aforementioned various techniques are only able to create one re-entrant nozzle at a time and thus are considered either time consuming, complicated, or subject to error.
Accordingly, what is needed is a process that can form more than one nozzle, preferably an entire printhead array, in a time efficient and highly reliable method using polymer or polyimide materials with either photolithography or optical ablation technology.
A method for manufacturing ink-jet printheads having nozzles with re-entrant profiles has the following steps. An electromagnetic source is used with an optical system to produce a source of energy having a constant illumination angle on a process plane. A substrate is then exposed with the electromagnetic source to define the nozzles having the re-entrant profile.
Apparatus capable of creating the constant illumination angle include a redirecting optical mask and an afocal optical system.
FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a conventional nozzle on a substrate.
FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a re-entrant nozzle on a substrate.
FIG. 2A illustrates the ray distribution of a conventional optical system.
FIG. 2B illustrates the ray distribution of an afocal optical system.
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention for creating the ray distribution of the type shown in FIG. 2B.
FIG. 4A illustrates a first alternative embodiment of invention for creating the ray distribution of the type shown in FIG. 2B.
FIG. 4B illustrates the operation of a refractive grating, which can be used in the first alternative embodiment of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 4C illustrates the operation of a diffractive grating, which can be used in the first alternative embodiment of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 4D illustrates a method of creating a holographic grating used in the first alternative embodiment of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 4E illustrates the operation of the holographic grating of FIG. 4D, which can be used in the first alternative embodiment of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 5 illustrates the operation of the first alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 4A using the refractive grating of FIG. 4B.
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate the process steps used to produce a re-entrant nozzle using the first alternative embodiment of FIG. 4A.
FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate the process steps to produce a re-entrant nozzle using the first embodiment of FIG. 3 using photolithography.
FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate alternate process steps to produce a re-entrant nozzle using the first embodiment of FIG. 3 using laser ablation.
FIG. 9A illustrates a printhead using the re-entrant nozzles created from the embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 9B illustrates the backside of the printhead of FIG. 8A showing the ink channels used to provide ink to the re-entrant nozzles on topside surface of the printhead.
FIG. 9C illustrates a cross-section of the printhead re-entrant orifice and ejection chamber.
FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary print cartridge which includes the printhead illustrated in FIG. 9A.
FIG. 1A is a cross-section of a conventional etched nozzle 10 in a polyimide film 50 on a substrate 30 that has been exposed and developed. The nozzle 10 has positive sidewalls 12 that expand the nozzle from the top surface of the substrate 30 to the top surface of the polyimide film 50. This type of nozzle has the disadvantage in that when ink is ejected from it, the speed and direction of the ink are difficult to control.
FIG. 1B is a cross-section of a desirable type of re-entrant orifice or nozzle 20 required for high quality ink-jet printing. The polyimide film 50 on substrate 30 has negative sidewalls 11, which form the re-entrant nozzle 20. This re-entrant nozzle 20 is difficult to manufacture using conventional orifice manufacturing techniques for monolithic structures.
FIG. 2A illustrates the properties of conventional optical systems. The conventional optical system 17 is shown about its optical axis 15. Electromagnetic energy, such as light, enters the conventional optical system 17 in a series of rays, each at a ray height 14, h, from the optical axis 15. The conventional optical system 17 then redirects and focuses the electromagnetic rays on an process plane 24 to a common focal point on the optical axis 15 at a distance F which is called the focal length 18 of the conventional optical system 17. The amount of deflection of the electromagnetic rays is represented by the angle of incidence 16, θ′. This angle of incidence 16 changes in a tangential relationship with the ray height 14. However, to make re-entrant nozzles that have uniform conical angles over the full printhead it is necessary to have a constant angle of incidence 16 over the full process plane of the optical system. This requirement is not possible to achieve with the conventional optical system 17 as its angle of incidence 16 varies with the ray height 14.
FIG. 2B illustrates the properties of an afocal optical system 19, which has no one common focus point. This afocal optical system 19 has collimated rays entering it at a ray height 14 and the rays remain collimated upon exiting the afocal optical system 19. All of the rays exiting the afocal optical system 19 have the same angle of incidence 16 and do not converge to a common point on the process plane 24.
FIG. 3 illustrates a modified Schwartzchild reflective two mirror system 34 that is infinity corrected for both conjugates. The modified Schwartzchild reflective two mirror system 34 includes a radiation source 36, which may be white light, laser, an arc lamp, or other electromagnetic energy source, either coherent or non-coherent, extending from within the deep ultraviolet through the far infrared region. Some radiation sources 36 do not have a uniform intensity distribution from the optical axis to the edge of the beam. For example, a laser beam typically has a gaussian shaped intensity distribution. Non-uniform intensity distributions may be compensated or adjusted by applying a radially varying neutral density filter 32 on the radiation source 36 to create a source of illumination 21 which enters the modified Schwartzchild reflective two mirror system 34. The source of illumination 21 reflects off a first convex mirror 26, called a secondary mirror, onto a second concave mirror 28, call the primary mirror. The source of illumination 21 passes through the second mirror 28 before reaching the first mirror 26. This is performed by having an opening within the second mirror 28. The source of illumination 21 reflects off the second mirror 28 to create a constant illumination angle electromagnetic source 22. This electromagnetic source 22 strikes an process plane 24 on a substrate 30 with the rays having a constant angle of incidence. An exemplary design implementation having a source of illumination 21 with a beam of 10 mm in diameter and creating a 10.5 mm diameter beam on the process plane 24 is described by the following optical prescription (the surfaces are illustrated in FIG. 3):
125 mm
25 mm
−100 mm
125 mm
325 mm
The design of the aspheric surface on the second mirror 28 is one of the keys to achieving the constant angle of incidence to form the constant angle of illumination with ray height. The aspheric surface is a general conic surface of a hyperboloid with a conic constant of K=−7. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conic constant may be changed to achieve a different distribution of radial aperture compression to even out the illumination uniformity at the process plane 24. This illumination uniformity may also be achieved by adjusting the obscuration ratio of the two mirrors to clip different radial zones. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mirror separation, radii, conic constant, and process distance can change with different optical designs and achieve the same result of a constant illumination angle with ray height and still meet the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, there are other multiple mirror configurations that make this design possible, as well as refractive aspheric designs that could achieve the same results.
FIG. 4A illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which collimated rays having a constant illumination angle are created using a special optical redirecting mask design. The optical redirecting mask 40 has a quartz substrate 80. On the bottom surface of the quartz substrate 80 a set of optical deflectors 86 are applied. The optical deflectors can be either refractive, diffractive, or reflective. The optical deflector 86 are covered with a transparent spacer 82 of approximately 200 micrometer (μm) thickness. An opaque mask 84, preferably chromium, is applied on the spacer 82 surface to define the location and diameter of the bore of the re-entrant orifices.
FIG. 4B illustrates a first embodiment of implementing the optical deflector 86. In this first embodiment, the optical deflector 86 is achieved by using a refractive structure 44 such as a prism shape shown in cross-section. The source of illumination 21 rays entering the prism are redirected at an angle defined by the prism geometry to achieve the desired angle of incidence for the nozzle taper angle.
FIG. 4C illustrates a second embodiment of implementing the optical deflector 86. In this second embodiment, the optical deflector 86 is achieved using a diffractive pattern 46 as illustrated which has spacing that is less than one quarter of the wavelength of the source of illumination 21. The angle of the out-going electromagnetic energy from the source of illumination 21 is controlled by the diffraction grating pitch width and the reflective index difference between the quartz substrate 80 and the transparent spacer material 82.
FIGS. 4D and 4E illustrate how an exemplary reflective optical deflector 42 could be created to reflect the rays from the source of illumination 21 using holographic techniques. A coherent light source with three co-equal length beams is created. In FIG. 4D, a first beam of the three co-equal length beams of a coherent source of illumination 21 is projected orthogonally onto one surface of holographic film 42. A second beam, second coherent electromagnetic source 76, and a third beam, third coherent electromagnetic source 78, is then applied to the opposite side of the holographic film 42, each at the desired angle of incidence to the holographic film 42 surface. The combination of coherent electromagnetic beams superimpose on the film and expose the silver or other reflective metal particles in the holographic film 42 and record the desired angle of incidence. The holographic film 42 is then developed. In FIG. 4E, the developed holographic film 43 is targeted with the source of illumination 21 and due to the orientation of the silver particles in the developed holographic film 43, the source of illumination 21 rays are reflected as originally recorded to create the electromagnetic source 22 at the desired angle of incidence. This holographic film 43 can then be used as the optical deflector 86.
FIG. 5 is an illustration showing the operation of the redirecting optical mask 40 in creating a electromagnetic source having a constant illumination angle to create re-entrant orifices arrays. The source of illumination 21 enters the redirecting optical mask 40 and either passes straight through the mask of quartz substrate 80 and transparent spacer 82 or strikes the optical deflector 86, shown in cross-section. The rays striking the optical deflector 86 are diverted in one of two directions. Those that are diffracted towards the opaque mask 84 are blocked by the opaque mask 84 from leaving the redirecting optical mask 40. The illumination leaving the mask is directed away from the opaque mask patterns allowing any photosensitive material exposed by the mask to be defined by a re-entrant profile.
FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate a process by which a re-entrant orifice is created using the redirecting optical mask 40 of FIG. 4A. In the first step of FIG. 6A, a polymer film 60 having a negative photoactive property is applied to a substrate 30 such as a silicon or other semiconductor wafer. The thickness of the polymer film varies with the application but is typically 5 μm to 30 μm for an ink-jet orifice. The polymer film 60 can be PMMA, BCB (Dow), or SU8 (MCC, IBM) material. In FIG. 6B, the redirecting optical mask 40 is aligned over the polymer film 60 and substrate 30 and the polymer film 60 is exposed with the source of illumination 21 to pattern the polymer film 60. In FIG. 6C, the polymer film 60 has been developed and baked to create a developed polymer film 66 which now includes a re-entrant nozzle 20 having negative sidewalls 11.
FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate the process steps to create an array of re-entrant holes, orifices, or nozzles using the afocal optical system illustrated in FIG. 3 with photolithography techniques. In FIG. 7A, a positive photoactive film 58 is deposited onto a substrate 30, which is preferably a silicon or other semiconductor wafer. In FIG. 7B, a conventional mask 88, having openings in the mask layer for locating the re-entrant orifices, is place over the substrate 30. The electromagnetic source 22 created by the afocal optical system 34 of FIG. 3 is then used to illuminate the mask. Part of the electromagnetic source 22 penetrates the mask openings to expose the positive photoactive film 58. Because the electromagnetic source 22 has its rays projected at a common angle of incidence, the re-entrant orifices are exposed in the positive photoactive film. FIG. 7C illustrates the exposed film 64 after the mask is removed. FIG. 7D illustrates the result of developing and removing the exposed film 64 to create a re-entrant nozzle 20 having the negative sidewalls 11 in the developed film 66.
FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate an alternative re-entrant nozzle manufacturing process for creating a re-entrant nozzle array using the afocal optical system illustrated in FIG. 3. This process allows for high precision nozzles using optical ablation. The re-entrant angle of a nozzle is controlled by the selection of the numerical aperture (NA) of the afocal optical system which is related to the angle of incidence. An inexpensive electromagnetic source from a high NA optical system, such as a pulse-narrowed CO2 laser or a YAG laser to name a couple, is preferably used for the radiation source. The advantage of this alternative process is that the nozzle is self-aligned and its diameter is controlled by an ablation window. FIG. 8A illustrates the first step in which a polyimide film 50 is applied to a substrate 30, which is preferably a silicon or other semiconductor substrate. The polyimide film 50 is preferably 5 um to 30 um thick. The polyimide film 50 is preferably pre-cured which allows for good dimensional stability. Using polyimide film 50 which is pre-cured, a wide spectrum of material is available in which to determine the appropriate polyimide film 50 for long-term ink resistance. Ink resistance is the ability of the polyimide film 50 to withstand the corrosive effects due to the ink's chemistry. FIG. 8B illustrates the step of depositing a thin layer of metal 52 on top of the polyimide film 50. The thickness of the thin layer of metal 52 is preferably about 1000 Angstroms to 1500 Angstroms. The thin metal layer is then coated with a thickness of silicon dioxide, SiO2 to one-half the wavelength of the electromagnetic source. The thin layer of metal 52 can be either aluminum (Al) or tungsten (W). The thin layer of metal can be applied by using conventional metal sputtering processes. FIG. 8C illustrates the result of the photolithography process steps after applying a photoresist on the thin metal surface and opening the photoresist to expose an area of the thin layer of metal 52 to allow removal by etching through an ablation window 54. FIG. 8D illustrates exposing the substrate 30 and the applied layers with the ablation window 54 to the electromagnetic source 22 created by the afocal optical system of FIG. 3. This electromagnetic source from the high NA optical system ablates the polyimide film creating arrays of re-entrant orifices simultaneously.
FIG. 9A illustrates an exemplary printhead 90 which has at least one nozzle formed by processes used in the invention. The re-entrant nozzles 100 are shown formed in the optional thin layer of metal 52 and orifice layer 76 which reside on substrate 30. The orifice layer 76 can be either the developed photoactive film 66 shown in FIG. 6C or FIG. 7D, or the polyimide film 50 shown in FIG. 8D. FIG. 9B illustrates the backside of the exemplary printhead 90 showing the ink channels 94 and ink feed holes 96 in substrate 30.
FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the CC perspective in FIG. 9B of the exemplary printhead 90 through one of the re-entrant nozzles 100. The ink channel 94 allows ink to flow to ink feed holes 96 which further conduct the ink up into the re-entrant nozzle 100 formed in the orifice layer 76 and optionally, thin layer of metal 52. The re-entrant nozzle 100 surrounds resistor 92.
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of an exemplary print cartridge 110 which includes the exemplary printhead 90 of FIG. 9A. The print cartridge 110 has an ink container 104 which holds a back-pressure regulator 108, which in this embodiment is a sponge but other back-pressure regulators are known to those skilled in the art. The printhead 90 is attached to a flex circuit 106 which routes electrical signals from a host device such as a printer from contacts 102. The ink container 104 has an opening in which ink within the container is coupled to the ink channels 94 of printhead 90.
By creating a electromagnetic source having a constant illumination angle over the process plane of the optical system, repeatable, high quality, and low cost re-entrant nozzle arrays can be manufactured to allow for precise ink-jet printing.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, the invention is not limited to the specific forms or arrangements of parts so described and illustrated. For example, although the specific embodiments described herein are directed to thermal ink-jet printheads, the invention can be used with both piezoelectric and continuous flow printheads. In addition, although specific implementations of forming a electromagnetic source having a constant illumination angle were described and illustrated, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other methods can be used to create a constant illumination angle and still meet the scope and spirit of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 2, 1982
|Dec 10, 1985
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Liquid jet recording head
|Feb 5, 1988
|Oct 25, 1988
|General Electric Company
|Excimer laser patterning of a novel resist
|Aug 7, 1987
|Nov 22, 1988
|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
|Method for forming a pattern of a film on a substrate with a laser beam
|Sep 28, 1989
|Jul 10, 1990
|Tamarack Scientific Co., Inc.
|Method and apparatus for effecting selective ablation of a coating from a substrate, and controlling the wall angle of coating edge portions
|Aug 15, 1990
|Oct 20, 1992
|Takahiro Naka
|Ink jet recording head having reduced manufacturing steps
|Dec 31, 1991
|May 11, 1993
|Compag Computer Corporation
|Method of forming tapered orifice arrays in fully assembled ink jet printheads
|Jun 24, 1993
|May 17, 1994
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Method of forming a nozzle for an ink-jet printer head
|May 10, 1993
|Jan 3, 1995
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Mask design for forming tapered inkjet nozzles
|Sep 19, 1994
|May 23, 1995
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method for forming tapered inkjet nozzles
|Mar 21, 1994
|Jul 23, 1996
|Litel Instruments
|Apparatus and process for optically ablated openings having designed profile
|May 31, 1994
|Aug 27, 1996
|Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Ink jet head having ink-jet holes partially formed by laser-cutting, and method of manufacturing the same
|Jan 30, 1995
|May 27, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Method of influencing the contact angle of the nozzle surface of inkjet printheads
|Feb 5, 1993
|Jul 18, 2000
|Xaar Technology Limited
|Nozzles and methods of and apparatus for forming nozzles
|Jan 15, 1998
|Oct 16, 2001
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Machining device and production method of orifice plate
|Oct 30, 1989
|May 9, 1990
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method of manufacturing an ink jet head
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|U.S. Classification
|430/5, 347/47
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 14, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 16, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 22, 2011
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:026945/0699
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
Effective date: 20030131
|Dec 20, 2013
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 14, 2014
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 1, 2014
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20140514


text:
The Best East Coast Adventures: Road Biking
Northampton, Massachusetts
Most cycling outfitters steer you toward Vermont's country lanes, but western Massachusetts has a much denser network of roads, meaning more choices and less traffic. Base yourself at the Hotel Northampton downtown (doubles, $196), and get rentals from Northampton Bicycle (Cannondales available for $35 per day). Then pick from flat routes along the Connecticut River, a rolling century around Quabbin Reservoir, or farm-road rides that climb into the Berkshires—all of which will leave you wondering: Where are the cars? If you've got time for only one big ride, make it a 66-miler recommended by Patrick Brady, a cycling journalist and part-time guide. Head west out of Northampton on Route 143, turn south on Route 112, and head back to town on Route 66. Grab a fresh peach at Outlook Farm before a gentle descent into Northampton. Tip: don't freak out if your paved road turns to dirt. The unpaved routes are super smooth around here; in fact, an annual 65-mile group ride called the Grand Fundo, Massachusetts' answer to Italy's famed Gran Fondo rides, includes 20 miles of dirt.

subset: commoncrawl


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Whithorn man arrested after buzzard death
- 6 March 2013
- From the section South Scotland
A man has been arrested after police investigations into the death of a buzzard in southern Scotland.
The 62-year-old, from Whithorn, was granted bail.
It followed a police probe into the death of the bird which was discovered on the Glasserton Estate in Whithorn in December last year.
Police said the case had been the subject of a "detailed investigation", which included a forensic examination of the dead bird.


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This review is from: Team C125 64GB USB 2.0 Flash Drive Model TC12564GB01
Pros: good small size
metal loop to keep on your keychain
great size
Cons: Does not fit right into some usb ports
slow transfer speed
Other Thoughts: I bought this just to have a good amount of space and a small device. I was a little disappointed when I found out that it does not fit in some usb ports. also got a little more upset when transfer speed was kinda slowREAD FULL REVIEW
This review is from: HitLights RGB Multicolor Changing SMD5050 LED Light Strip Kit - 150 LEDs, 16.4 Ft Roll, Cut to Length, Includes 60W Adapter and 44 Key Controller - Color Changing, 149 Lumens per foot
Pros: Good length
Easy to use
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Lots of uses
Cons: Makes you want more and will make you spend more money
Other Thoughts: I ordered these cause I had been looking at something like this or a while now. I saw on black friday that these were cheap and thought why not? I got them in about 2 days ago and love them to death. the range of colors you get are amazing and everything. I will be buying more accessories and I will be using these alot.READ FULL REVIEW


text:
My mom makes this borscht bouillon several times during the cold days of the year and especially every Christmas eve. I planned to continue this tradition, but last Christmas I would have rather pulled out my shorts, than heating me up from the inside. So I patiently waited for cooler weather.
The weather forecast promised some cold days, so I asked my mom for the recipe and as always I got a rough list of ingredients and some suggestions and some variations. We already played this game several times, if it comes to old family recipes none of my relatives seams to have something written or even notes. This borscht bouillon should taste a little tart and peppery, adjust seasoning to your liking.
Don't think of this kind of borscht soup in the regular way, it is not something you would scoop into your mouth, it doesn't come in a bowl and it's not a meal. This borscht bouillon comes in a mug, feel free to slurp, if you are allowed to do so… It will warm up your belly and it is a great accompanied by a sandwich.
Snuggle in your blanket, put your feed up and sip on a cup of hot borscht, this is how I picture you enjoying this soup. Oh and some cheese straws or toasted bread or… Sounds great to me.
- 4 red beets (about 700 g / 25 oz.)
- 2 liter/ quarts good quality beef broth
- 3-4 cloves of garlic, peeled
- 1 bay leaf
- 1 tsp. black peppercorns
- 2 Tbsp. white vinegar
- 1-2 tsp. granulated sugar
- salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste
- 1-2 Tbsp. soy sauce or maggi seasoning
- some dill or parsley
- a gulp of olive oil
- Peel the beetroots and grate them with a box grater or food processor.
- In a large pot add beets, beef broth garlic, bay leaf and black peppercorns. Cover with a lid and bring to a broil over medium heat and then lower the temperature and let simmer for at least 30 minutes.
- Pour through a colander. Discard all solids. Pour the soup back into the pot and season to taste.


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Concerned about the older commercial district on Port Washington Road south of Mequon Road, the Common Council on Tuesday decided to move ahead with the development of a plan for two tax incremental financing districts for the area. The council also approved a TIF district incentive policy that could spur redevelopment not only in the proposed new TIFs but also in the city's two existing TIFs.
Although there will likely be changes to the TIF proposals reviewed Tuesday by the council, two TIF districts, including mainly businesses abutting Port Washington Road, would stretch from Mequon to County Line roads along Port Washington Road, broken in the middle by an area that does not qualify for redevelopment.
One district begins at County Line Road and ends south of Stein's Garden Center and includes most, though not all, property on both the east and west side of the street. The Pavilions Shopping Center is included in this TIF.
The second district begins on the east side of the street with the Marathon Buildings, 10620 N. Port Washington Road, and moves south to Donges Bay Road where it expands to both the west and east sides of the street. The district ends at County Line Road.
Community Development Director Kim Tollefson said a TIF incentive policy open to projects that create a new construction value of $1.5 million above the value of existing buildings would help all TIFs in the city.
Developers who finance their own projects would be eligible for pay back of some development costs provided the project meets at least the $1.5 million value. The incentive would cover the cost to fix a site and/or demolish existing buildings on a site.
The council approved the incentive policy and will review and possibly approve the TIF plans in coming months.
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Evan Lutz, a 2014 alumnus of the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business, is scheduled to appear on ABC's Shark Tank on Jan. 8, 2016, to pitch Hungry Harvest, a company that ships surplus produce destined for waste to local families and businesses. Shark Tank is a reality television show where budding entrepreneurs pitch their business ideas to a panel of high-powered investors.
It's unpopular. It's vilified. It's money. Winter commencement speaker Billy Greenblatt '79 shares four tenets of money learned from his grandmother, who was widowed at age 28. "She instilled a value system about working hard and helping others," says Greenblatt, the founder and chairman of background screening company Sterling Infosystems and a member of Smith's Board of Advisors.
Weekly Washington Post columns featuring Smith School experts.
Wondering what news articles were most popular with Smith Terps in 2015? Check out the top seven news stories of the year from the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business.
On Dec. 20, 2015, 700 students graduated from the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business with bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. The commencement ceremony was held at the Xfinity Center, University of Maryland's College Park campus.


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Free & open source software for healthcare.
+33 970 449 977
Incorporated in France, our information technology and free and open source software services company can reach out to every healthcare professional or structure in the world. We speak fluent english. We counsel individual or group medical practices, dispensaries, clinics and hospitals.
We intervene on personal computers, tablets, smartphones or servers running GNU / Linux, Android, Mac OS or Windows operating systems.
We install almost exclusively free and open source software. What is free and open source software?
We can set up free and open source Electronic Health Record FreeHealth on an individual work station or on multiple computers as a client-server infrastructure. FreeHealth is based on FreeMedForms. FreeHealth EHR customizable charts allow us to quickly design and code medical records for any speciality and in any language, based on your statement of work. What you will get is an EHR tailored to your needs for a fraction of the cost of developing one from scratch. Various training, support and maintenance programs are available.
Healthcare professionals, community healthcare dispensaries, clinics or hospitals based in developing countries could benefit from our expertise in high quality, low cost solutions.
FreeMedSoft.com puts patients first: ethics, clinical safety, personal data security through strong encryption are our core values. We are totally independent from proprietary software industry and pharmaceutical firms.


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Graphic Designer should know AI, Coral, 3D design wtc
This project received 8 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of ₹6250 INR.Get free quotes for a project like this
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We need trained Graphic Designer to design our jobs or can do the adoptation work. should be leaving in East Delhi
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- Forbes
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- Time
- Wall Street Journal
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Days Inn & Suites Gunnison
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- Suites
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- Free High-Speed Internet
- Fitness/Health center
- Wheelchair accessibility
- Free parking
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TripAdvisor Reviews Days Inn & Suites Gunnison
Travel Blogs from Gunnison
Day 3 activities
... them when I stopped for a bite because I was starting to bonk. Hope to see them tomorrow. The feet started barking at me today. I am going to have to be careful with them. The next 2 days are slightly longer than the last 2 so we will see how they feel then. No lonely guy today don't know what to think. More importantly seen my first turkey (spelling is escaping me ) big black bird. Got to go find something to ...
And right next to Nevada is Utah!!!!!!
... Maine.
We followed the train tracks for miles, often seeing long trains towing countless tankers carrying oil or cars filled with shiny black coal. And Steve commented that Obama would not approve. At times we were looking at sandy desert land, tan or gray, with sage brush, some a bright silver green and others brown from a lack of water. And often the land looked like a dry river bed. And, if this ...
Last Day @ Lakeview Campground, Gunnison
Wednesday, August 5 We've done some sightseeing this week when we weren't laying around at the campground. We rode to Crested Butte one day and Buena Vista a couple of times--they have a Walmart! Today, our motorcycle ride took us on a 15 mile butt-jarring ride to a small fishing lake higher up the mountains. It was a bumpy ride, but beautiful. We rode beside a rushing stream ...
Lakeview Campground--Taylor Lake, CO
... Matt, Morgan, & the Hartleys. Brings back great memories! This is big ATV country and we must have been passed by a million 4-wheelers on that dusty road. Weldon wore a face mask and I rode most of the way with my eyes shut--to save my ...
Back to the Cool Country
Monday--We left Lathrop State Park this morning and had a 5 hour drive through the Colorado back country. It was a beautiful ride through the mountains with only one pass to contend with. We'll be spending the next 10 days here at Taylor Lake, about 30 miles north of Gunnison. We're roughing it in a sense because we only have electricity and the ...


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Tote Bag
Flight of the Conchords - Hair Helmetby Maclac
15% Off + Free Worldwide Shipping - Ends Tonight at Midnight PT!
Our quality crafted Tote Bags are hand sewn in America using durable, yet lightweight, poly poplin fabric. All seams and stress points are double stitched for durability. Available in 13" x 13", 16" x 16" and 18" x 18" variations, the tote bags are washable, feature original artwork on both sides and a sturdy 1" wide cotton webbing strap for comfortably carrying over your shoulder.
FOTC's Bret invented a cycling helmet that looks like his hair...though he never really finished it (not enough body)
Styled as the Full Metal Jacket movie poster.
"Born to Folk" text actually referencing the second FOTC album. Go buy it, it's hilarious and funky at the same time.


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To learn more, you can call us at (866) 867-0486 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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A masters is the first level of graduate coursework and can be obtained after you receive a bachelor's degree. Earning a masters usually requires two years of full-time study, which amounts to 36 to 54 semester credits.
Typically, music programs concentrate on the historical, theoretical and technical aspects of music and performance. An interdisciplinary field, music is as much for the ambitious academic as it is for the aspiring professional musician.
Even though my attend distant learning classes online, several universities hold commencement at several locations. You could even stop taking classes for many weeks during the year without withdrawing and without throwing your student loans into repayment. That is a strong argument many people look at when enrolling in distance learning classes.
South America It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It includes twelve sovereign states Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela – and two non-sovereign areas – French Guiana, an overseas territory of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, Trinidad and Tobago and theABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America.
Masters Program Distance learning in Music in South America
The MMUSEd can be completed fully online, with optional on-campus workshops and courses addressing specialized interests. [+]
Master of Music in Music Education
The Master of Music in Music Education can be completed entirely online, with optional on-campus workshops and courses offered to address specialized interests of our students.
The program is designed so students can achieve their academic and career goals on their schedule. The online degree courses mimic the on-campus atmosphere by providing students with a learning environment in which they can collaborate and interact with the professor and their peers.
Coursework Details
The 30-hour Master of Music in Music Education is designed to enhance effectiveness of music teaching and learning by addressing current best practices in music, contemporary issues, modes of inquiry, and advanced competencies in musicianship. Master of Music in Music Education classes are structured in a convenient 8-week format for working adults, and the entire program can be completed in only 24 months.... [-]


text: Isaac Rauch4/06/13 5:30pm2EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink The full video interview from Stephen Jackson's Forbes smackdown is online. There aren't a whole lot of people in the world that could make bragging about making $10 million seem appropriate, much less charming, but Port Arthur's own pulls it off. [NBA.com] http://deadspin.com/stephen-jackson-understands-slideshow-click-bait-perfec-470984510Reply2 repliesLeave a reply


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Invaluable cannot guarantee the accuracy of translations through Google Translate and disclaims any responsibility for inaccurate translations.
Lot 2070: Philippe Hosiasson, watercolor painting
Millea Bros "SELECT" (Day 2 of 3)
by Millea Bros. Ltd.
November 4, 2016
Boonton, NJ, USALive Auction
Philippe Hosiasson (1898-1978) Please Register/Login to access your Invaluable Alerts
Description: Philippe Hosaisson (Ukranian, 1898-1978), Abstract composition, watercolor on paper, initialed "P.H" lower right, signed "HOSAISSON", to verso, 5.75"l x 4.75"w (sight), framed
Condition Report: Good, toning, some buckling to sheet
Provenance: The Collection of Clement Greenberg, NY - Clement Greenberg was arguably the most influencial art critic of the 20th century, and champion of abstract expressionist and modern art. His personal collection is a reflection of his involvement with artists including, and among the likes of, Helen Frakenthaler and Jackson Pollock. For more information, please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_Greenberg#Clement_Greenberg_Collection


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I'm not sure I understand this - if we don't send the photos as
attachments, how would they get into the archives?
Or did you mean instead of Mallorn sending it back out? I guess that
must be it...
<Instead of sending the attachment picture with each post, the message
would contain a clickable link (URL) to the picture in the archives. >
Linda Mann east Tennessee USA zone 7/8
Tennessee Whooping Crane Walkathon:
American Iris Society web site <http://www.irises.org>
iris-talk/Mallorn archives: <http://www.hort.net/lists/iris-talk/>
iris-photos/Mallorn archives: <http://www.hort.net/lists/iris-photos/>
Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/


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Physical Therapist Assistant Salary
A Physical Therapist Assistant earns an average wage of $24.98 per hour. A skill in Home Health/Home Care is associated with high pay for this job. Pay for this job does not change much by experience, with the most experienced earning only a bit more than the least.
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Job Description for Physical Therapist Assistant
Physical therapist assistants are responsible for facilitating physical therapy tasks on behalf of their organization. They are in charge of interacting with patients, asking their medical histories, and providing the best service possible. They have a professional attitude that can help increase patient satisfaction.Read More...
They assist with the physical therapy process by ensuring that all the tools and supplies are stocked. Some of their main responsibilities include filling out paperwork and completing administrative tasks. They also provide follow up to ensure that there is progress within a training program. These professionals work proficiently in a team setting with other assistants and therapists to reach all patient goals in a timely manner. However, they are also equipped to work on their own with minimal supervision. They can use a personal computer to record interactions and appointments. They have strong communication skills to explain physical therapy procedures. They have excellent technical abilities to provide massages and follow strict ethical guidelines. They need to be able to stand on their feet for several hours at a time. They help alleviate pain symptoms and provide other rehabilitation services. Physical therapist assistants usually report their progress to the therapist in charge.
An associate's degree in physical therapy or similar field is usually required for this job. Previous years of work experience in a therapist assistant position can be helpful. Physical therapy certifications are a plus.
Physical Therapist Assistant Tasks
- Fit and train patients for orthopedic braces, prostheses, and supportive devices, such as crutches.
- Transport patients to and from treatment areas, lift and transfer them according to positioning requirements, secure into or onto therapy equipment.
- Monitor operation of equipment and record use of equipment.
- Observe and document the progress of treatment.
- Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments and procedures.
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Stories: Social Injustice in the Landscape
Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site
Atlanta, Georgia
Martin Luther King, Jr.: from Youth to Leadership in Atlanta
David Hasty, NPS Cultural Landscapes Program
Contact: (404) 331-5190
Fees: Free
Access: Open daily, year-round
Other Attractions: Birth Home Tours
View Larger Map
Martin Luther King, Jr., is best known nationally and internationally for his leadership of the American Civil Rights Movement and his subsequent efforts to promote world peace and economic equality. The Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site, located in the historic east side Atlanta black community where King was reared and to which he later returned in the height of his activism, commemorates King's lifetime achievements. The Site preserves the King Birth Home and the immediate historic neighborhood where King spent his youth. The larger "Sweet Auburn" community, which served as the economic, cultural, and religious center for Atlanta's segregated black population from 1910 through the 1960s, greatly influenced King both as a youth and as an adult.
On January 15, 1929, Martin Luther King, Jr., was born in Atlanta at 501 Auburn Avenue (fig. 1) within a prosperous black commercial and residential district. He lived in this house with his mother, father, grandparents, sister, brother, and an occasional boarder until he was twelve years old. King attended public schools nearby and walked to services at Ebenezer Baptist (fig. 2), where his maternal grandfather and father served as ministers. In 1941, the family moved to another house within the Auburn Avenue community, and King commuted to Atlanta University on the west side to attend high school classes. As an adult, King left Atlanta to attend Crozer Seminary, in Chester, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia, and continued his education at Boston University. King led the members of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, while completing his doctorate in theology at Boston University. After serving in Montgomery for six years, King traveled to Atlanta to help organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, and eventually moved to the city in 1960. The dominant force in the SCLC, King also co-pastored at Ebenezer Baptist Church in the Auburn Avenue community with his father.
Martin Luther King, Jr., matured within a unique environment of black independence and progress, in a city that defined its black citizens as economically and socially inferior, and in an era that promised little black opportunity outside of prescribed roles. Between 1910 and 1960, the Auburn Avenue black community hummed. From Courtland Street to Randolph Street, food and drug stores, movie theaters, barber shops and beauty parlors, banks, insurance companies, restaurants, newspapers, and meeting halls, all owned and operated by black entrepreneurs, lined the street. Three churches towered over Auburn Avenue, and their ministers demanded from members participation in spiritual, social, and civic progress. Middle class professionals, ministers, skilled craftsmen, laborers, and domestics all resided on or near Auburn, thriving for several decades within the black world they nurtured.
At his birth in 1929, King became part of an economically and socially prosperous community, but one which also struggled within the confines of racial segregation. King's childhood in this community combined racial pride and progress with persistent fears of economic decline and the humiliation associated with unpredictable and irrational racial prejudice. Within a few years of King's birth, the Depression began to take its toll upon the community, especially the residential section. Black professionals exited the community for new residential areas to the west, leaving behind laboring residents unable or unwilling to invest money and time into older, often rented dwellings. As the century progressed, Auburn Avenue's commercial vitality persisted, but decades of poverty and neglect had degraded the housing.
Ebenezer Baptist Church played an important role in King's return to Atlanta in 1960. King followed in his father's footsteps, pastoring at Ebenezer and utilizing his pulpit and its conferred social status to help organize black civil rights activities in Atlanta and across America. Ebenezer Baptist Church symbolizes both King's individual efforts toward achieving racial equality and the impressive role black clergymen played in post-World War II civil rights activities. Black clergymen traditionally had great prestige and authority in the black community, but prior to the 1950s, they rarely led civil rights protests that extended beyond their church membership or community. A new generation of southern black ministers, including King, Rev. Ralph David Abernathy, Rev. C. K. Steele, and Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth, took the lead in the fight against segregation on a national level. King urged civil rights activists to utilize the Christian doctrines of nonviolence, redemption through suffering, and love for all enemies in their protests. Having studied the principles of civil disobedience exemplified by Henry David Thoreau and Mohandas Gandhi, King and the SCLC developed new strategies utilizing massive peaceful marches and demonstrations to confront the southern system of segregation. Beginning with the boycott of segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955-1956, King spearheaded the movement that spread throughout the South and elicited considerable sympathy among whites nationally.
Through the SCLC, King supported local movements against segregation in Birmingham and Selma, Alabama; Albany, Georgia; St. Augustine, Florida; and elsewhere. Demonstrations planned or led by King often were brutally repressed by white authorities, resulting in intensive national media coverage of these events. The attention that King focused on the plight of southern blacks was instrumental in gaining passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, major legislative victories for the Civil Rights Movement. King received numerous awards, including the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, in recognition of his nonviolent civil rights work.
The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, robbed the American Civil Rights Movement of one of its most effective and respected leaders. Following his death, SCLC and other black activist organizations continued civil protests. But these organizations' beliefs and tactics varied widely, and their subsequent campaigns never gained the cohesion which, although fragile at times, generally characterized the progressive campaigns led by King.
Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site
The Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site is a small, urban park located in the city of Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. Containing approximately 38 acres, 4.78 of which are federally owned, the Site lies 1-1/4 miles east of the central business district.
Most properties within the Site front one of two avenues running east and west, Auburn Avenue and Edgewood Avenue. The Site is irregularly shaped and roughly bounded by Jackson Street on the west, Cain Street on the north from Jackson to Boulevard, Old Wheat Street on the north between Boulevard and Howell Street, Howell Street on the east, and the rear property lines on the south side of Edgewood Avenue. Current land use within the Site is mostly residential on Auburn Avenue and largely commercial on Edgewood Avenue and north of Irwin Street. The Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc., is located on the west side of the Site and occupies an entire city block.
The Site commemorates the life and accomplishments of Martin Luther King, Jr., a prominent leader of the American Civil Rights Movement during the 1950s and 1960s. Federal legislation established the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site and Preservation District on October 10, 1980, to "protect and interpret for the benefit, inspiration, and education of present and future generations the places where Martin Luther King, Junior, was born, where he lived, worked, and worshipped, and where he is buried." Historic resources within the Site include the houses along the block (fig. 3) where King was born, Ebenezer Baptist Church where King, his father, and grandfather were pastors, Fire Station no. 6 (fig. 4), and commercial buildings along Edgewood Avenue. As noted, the legislation identifies the grave site of King as a resource requiring protection and interpretation. Since 1971, the King Center has housed the grave site, consisting of the marble tomb and eternal flame. The King Center, a modern complex built between 1971 and 1981, also includes a memorial plaza with a fountain, interpretive exhibits, a restaurant, and administrative offices. The National Park Service does not contribute to interpretive programs at the gravesite. However, NPS does maintain the grave site at the King Center and conducts tours of the Birth Home.
The Martin Luther King, Jr., Preservation District, also established in the 1980 legislation, adjoins the Site on the east, north, and west and embraces the larger Auburn Avenue black community in which King grew up. The Preservation District links King's career to the black business, religious, social, and political organizations that flourished along Auburn Avenue prior to and during King's lifetime.


text: Avila's El Ranchito may be outside of your area. Please enter your delivery address to check availability Do you need any... Napkins & Utensils Continue to Checkout Avila's El Ranchito Back to Menu Your order refresh Avila's El Ranchito Your Shopping Cart is empty edit Delivery Address Please enter delivery address edit Delivery Time N/A* Add someone to this order Mazatlan Combinacion One chicken enchilada topped with salsa tomatillo, melted cheese, and sour cream. What Kind Of Beans?Select one of the choices With Refried Beans With Black Beans With Frijoles Frescos No BeansAdd Soup?You may select one of the choices Add Albondigas Soup ($2.99) x $13.99 Special Instructions: Label Item For: or Cancel


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Miners Ranch, Oroville CA, 95966 (Land Lot)
Sold Price:
Status: Sold
Last Updated: 2/26/2017 9:23 AM
Description for Miners Ranch Oroville, CA 95966
This is vacant land that has great potential. It fronts Miners Ranch Rd and also has access from Oro Bangor Hwy.
Sold Price:
Sold Date:01/23/2015
This is vacant land that has great potential. It fronts Miners Ranch Rd and also has access from Oro Bangor Hwy.
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Exterior / Lot Features
Raw La, Rural
Financial Considerations
Listing Price History
Oroville Real Estate
Oroville is located in California. Oroville, California 95966 has a population of 15,492.
The median household income in Oroville, California 95966 is $36,709. The median household income for the surrounding county is $43,339 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Oroville 95966 is 32.7 years.
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B Reading
A blog with reviews of books I have read.
Wednesday, 9 November 2016
From My Shelf - Book Review: Mr Rosenblum's List - Natasha Solomons
It's 1952 and despite his best efforts, his bid to blend in is fraught with unexpected hurdles - including his wife. Sadie doesn't want to forget where they came from or the family they've lost. And she shows no interest in getting a purple rinse.
Join Jack as he leads a reluctant Sadie deep into the heart of the English countryside. Here, in a land of woolly pigs, bluebells and jitterbug cider, they embark on an impossible task.... (Quoted from the back cover)
Review - This story was just what I needed. A light book which was funny and kept you reading. The story is based on the author's own grandparents arrival in Britain and being given a copy of the 'Helpful Guidance' for refugees entering the UK.
Jack wanted to blend in and become British in his adopted homeland. I get that totally, we all want to fit in and it must have been as difficult back then during/after the war as it is for refugees today. I wanted him to succeed as an Englishman but I felt sorry for Sadie who got almost forgotten in Jack's obsession with his list. As a woman left to manage the home in this strange and alien country and having to learn a new language it must have been hard. She didn't have the same opportunities as Jack who had to be entrepreneurial and build a business to make money so that they could live. Sadie baked and when she didn't bake she tended her patch of garden. I loved the cakes that Sadie baked and the very vague recipe for Baumtorte at the back of the book.
The book focuses on their lives in Dorset where Jack's obsession really takes hold with great cost. I am not going to spoil it for you but you realise it his tenacity and perhaps his Jewishness that makes him succeed in gaining acceptance. 3*
Published by Hodder & Stoughton
Wednesday, 2 November 2016
Quick Post to Say I'm Still Here
Just a quick post to say that I am still around. A little busy these days with work and new routines and less time than ever to read. I am enjoying my current read and squeezing in reading time during lunch breaks. Hopefully I will get to post a review in due course.
In the meantime I hope you are all well and enjoying your reading and reviewing!
In the meantime I hope you are all well and enjoying your reading and reviewing!
Tuesday, 16 August 2016
Window on the Weekend - Llangwm Litfest
|View of Edwards Pill, Llangwm
A little about the picturesque village of Llangwm, a small village with a big voice. Llangwm is a former fishing village which nestles on the bank of the tidal River Cleddau. The village has a population of approximately 800, a mix of residents who have lived in the village all their lives and 'blow ins' who have added to the talent in the community. I mentioned that the village has a big voice and it does in the shape of its choir, Village Voices which has helped put Llangwm on the map performing not just locally but in St David's Cathedral and later this year will be performing in Cardiff. The choir attracts talent from outside the village as well as within. This literary festival has made a huge contribution to Llangwm's fame in not just attracting friends and relatives of those involved in the event and holiday makers but also reaching out bringing in celebrities and authors from afar.
Llangwm Litfest is the brainchild of Michael Pugh who recently came to reside in the village. Michael, a financial lawyer in Moscow for several years made a very special journey back to the UK by completing part of it on horseback. I am not going to divulge anymore. Michael has a book due to be published shortly but in the meantime you can read about his journey on his blog and he can be heard in an interview with BBC Wales broadcaster Jamie Owen here around 40 minutes into the show.
The festival was held for three days over the weekend with most events being held in the Village Hall. Some events were held in the Rugby Club a short walk back into the heart of the village. The Valero Marquee was put up next to the village hall and housed the box office, book signing, book sales, catering, a bar, children's events and one or two stands. It was not just about books as many local artists opened up their studios which gave festival goers a chance to stretch their legs and explore the village viewing some wonderful work. There was also an art display housing works from many of the village artists in one of the churches where they served bacon rolls, teas, coffees and a lovely selection of cakes.
I was very lucky to have had some small involvement in the event being one of the many volunteers stewarding talks along with my other half who also donned high viz waistcoat for his stint as car parking attendant. The event was opened by one of the patrons and Michael Pugh commencing with awards to young local writers who entered a competition in varying classes (age and Welsh language) and the standard was high.
Who were the presenters? Well, the most famous celebrity was Griff Rhys Jones who gave a talk on Saturday about his book published in 2014 Insufficiently Welsh. The village also has its own writers in Liz Whitelaw who has recently finished writing a children's book and is hoping to be published soon and Pam Hunt who has already published two books Miss Daisy's Diaries (2012), Miss Daisy Conquers Britain (2015) and is planning a third book.
Here is everything you need to know about the event. I stewarded Jo Mazelis talk on Friday evening, having read her book Significance two years ago I was interested to hear her speak. Jo also hosted a workshop the following day titled Ways into Writing. I was interested in this workshop but as I am not currently putting pen to paper in a creative sense I felt that it would not be of benefit at this time. The second presenter I stewarded was Rachel Mann who talked about her self published novel The Book Soul. Rachel an English and Drama teacher is a big supporter of libraries and encourages young people to read rather than spend all their time in the digital world. Her own online presence is limited but she can be found on Amazon and Goodreads. Rachel had also hosted a creative writing workshop titled Roald Dahl Reconstructed for younger writers on the opening day.
The Litfest has finished for 2016 but the village are eagerly looking forward to next year's event. It was a truly magnificent weekend for a vibrant community. I feel very blessed to live in such a beautiful county surrounded by coast on three sides, where the nearest beach is only 30 minutes away and most trips to the sea take an hour or less. I am not a resident of Llangwm but live close enough to enjoy some of the things it offers.
Upcoming literary events in the county:
Penfro Book Festival
Book Fair at Tenby Arts Festival
Tuesday, 2 August 2016
Book Review: Cold - John Sweeney
Around the world, a chain of events is in motion that will make Joe a priceless target. A retired Soviet general hunts for his missing daughter after a series of brutal murders. A ruthless assassin loses something so precious he will do anything to get it back. And in the mountains of Utah, a brilliant ex-CIA chief wrestles with his religion.
In the shadow of them all lies Zoba, a strongman ruler of Russia and puppet-master of the world's darkest operatives. Can Joe save himself from this dangerous web of power and revenge? Where can he run when there's nowhere left to hide? (Quoted from the back cover)
Review - I accepted this book as an ARC for review. This was a gripping, action packed thriller which kept me on my toes. I found it a little slow to get into but I think that was because each character introduced was given a chapter to themselves. I know that a lot of books are written in this form but I found that I had to think or re-visit to re-acquaint myself with the characters, particularly when only managing to read a few pages a day. Because I had accepted the book for review it made me persevere and once I found out who was who and got the gist of their connections it all fell into place. Mr Sweeney certainly packs a lot into the novel and draws on many of his experiences as a reporter to do so. I found the book dark and barbaric in places but I am not surprised if these examples are close to reality, after all we (the general public) don't really know what goes on in the hidden world of espionage. Joe Tiplady, the protagonist is a likeable character and true hero, he has depth and I am sure he will be drawn out even more in future instalments. There was of course the 'love interest' which would certainly add to the appeal of the book for development into screenplay or film at a later date. I look forward to reading more in this series. 4*
- Published by Thomas & Mercer (1st July 2016)
Thursday, 16 June 2016
Supporting the Library - Speedy Book Review: Notwithstanding - Louis de Bernieres
Review - Louis de Bernieres' short stories are new to me, I have read a couple of his novels but these are quite different. The author has based the stories on memories of growing up in a Surrey village. Although Notwithstanding is fictional you will no doubt recognise place names such as: Godalming and Guildford. Each story is about a different character but you will recognise someone you have already come across as they pop up in another chapter. Lighthearted, funny and easy to read at bedtime or take on holiday. The stories were written some time ago dating from 1996 up to 2004 and individually featured in magazines, newspapers and broadcast on Radio 4. 3*
Published by Vintage 2010
Saturday, 28 May 2016
Supporting the Library - Book Review: The Road to Rangoon - Lucy Cruikshanks
In 1980s Burma, the British ambassador's son goes missing.
Discovering himself in the north of the country, Michael Atwood is in imminent danger, trapped between sides fighting a bitter civil war and with no way back to Rangoon. His best hope of salvation is to trust Thuza, a ruby smuggler who offers to help him escape.
Beautiful and deeply scarred, Thuza has spent her entire life in a frontier town between rebel and government forces, never choosing a side but trying to make a living from both. For Thuza, the ambassador's son is her ticket out of poverty. For Than, an ambitious military officer, exploiting those caught in the war offers an opportunity for promotion and distinction.
But as all three learn to their cost, in this enigmatic and savage country, everyone has a price. (Taken from Goodreads)
Discovering himself in the north of the country, Michael Atwood is in imminent danger, trapped between sides fighting a bitter civil war and with no way back to Rangoon. His best hope of salvation is to trust Thuza, a ruby smuggler who offers to help him escape.
Beautiful and deeply scarred, Thuza has spent her entire life in a frontier town between rebel and government forces, never choosing a side but trying to make a living from both. For Thuza, the ambassador's son is her ticket out of poverty. For Than, an ambitious military officer, exploiting those caught in the war offers an opportunity for promotion and distinction.
But as all three learn to their cost, in this enigmatic and savage country, everyone has a price. (Taken from Goodreads)
Review - My knowledge of Burmese history isn't great so I found this book quite interesting learning about this country. The Tatmadaw basically have the run of the land and the rebels fight to oppose them. Amongst them is the British Embassy who appear to be doing little. A tale of corruption, deceit, oppression and hardship the reader is on the side of Thuza whose start in life hasn't been easy. On betraying her parents and brother she is raped and tortured by the Tatmadaw. She is taken in by a monk who nurses her until she is well enough to return to her home where she cares for her grandmother. Left pretty much to her own devices she makes a living by smuggling precious jewels. She regularly checks in with the monk who leads her to believe that her parents are alive in jail. Alongside, Thuza's story we meet Michael, the son of the Ambassador who frequents a local joint where all sorts meet. Michael's good friend is injured when a bomb goes off at this place. He finally finds his friend is alive in hospital and decides to get out of the city, journeying with the owner of the bar. The journey doesn't lead him quite where he intended and his path crosses with Thuza's. What I did like about this story was that when these two met we weren't fobbed off with the all to easy 'happy ever after'. Both parties don't trust easily and have their own agendas. Where does Thuza's journey take her, if at all? Does Michael go home or back to his father? Who betrays who? Full of intrigue and suspense. 3*
Published by Heron Books
Published by Heron Books
Sunday, 8 May 2016
From My Shelf - Book Review: The Detour - Gerbrand Bakker
She has fled from an unbearable situation having recently confessed to an affair. In Amsterdam, her stunned husband forms a strange partnership with a detective who agrees to help him trace her. They board the ferry to Hull on Christmas Eve.
Back on the farm, a young man out walking with his dog injures himself and stays the night, then ends up staying longer. Yet something is deeply wrong. Does he know what he is getting himself into? And what will happen when her husband and the police arrive? (Quoted from the fly leaf).
Review - Gerbrand Bakker is a Dutch author and his earlier book The Twin was winner of the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. The Detour has been translated from Dutch language by David Colmer.
It is important to remember the book was written by a Dutch author to make some sense. There is one discrepancy or difference in that in 2012 there is no way a doctor would be smoking or allow a patient to smoke in his surgery in Wales. The no smoking in public places ban was well in place here. I can forgive the author that one after all, it is fiction and anything is possible.
I enjoyed this story, it is slow, gentle and the pace suits the book. Why has the woman fled all the way to Wales with her book and pictures of a famous American poet? As the story unfolds we discover more about the woman and perhaps why she leaves Amsterdam for some far away, remote place. From a bustling city to a lone farm amongst fields, a mountain and a car ride to the nearest villages and towns. What of her husband? What is he feeling? Is he angry? What kind of a man is he? I am not sure that I did get a rounded picture of him, other than wondering if he is possessive, and at the same time not really there in the marriage but too self absorbed with his running. As for the policeman, what is his motive in helping the husband find his wife? There are gaps here and I am not quite sure why. Does the author want the reader to make up their minds about these characters? What about the boy? What is his agenda? We learn that he hasn't just come across the farm in the manner that he tells Emilie. But why? Is it because of childhood memories or is their a darker element? So many questions and partially unanswered. Generally, I like a proper ending where it is all clear or there is an obvious hook for a sequel. This book just leaves it up to the reader to decide who or what or if? As far as The Detour is concerned that is okay with me. 3*
Published by Harvill Secker 2012
Sunday, 1 May 2016
From My Shelf - Book Review: Darcy and Fitzwilliam - Karen V Wasylowski
Cousins, best friends, and sparring partners, Darcy and Fitzwilliam have always been there for each other. So it's no surprise when the only one who can help Darcy fix his botched marriage proposals is Fitzwilliam, and the only one who can pull Fitzwilliam out of an increasingly dangerous entanglement is Darcy... (Quoted from the cover).
Review - I won this book in a give away a while back and must apologise to Karen Wasylowski for only just getting around to reading and reviewing her book.
You don't need any prompting with a title such as Darcy and Fitzwilliam where this story comes from and leads. I love Jane Austen so I was intrigued to read Austen fan fiction. We love Mr Darcy and naturally want to know more about his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Bennet but Colonel Fitzwilliam is lesser known so the author has more to play with in terms of character.
I enjoyed the book and it started out staying quite true to Jane Austen both in terms of writing and keeping to the period. However, as the story progressed the language developed into more present day and some Americanisms dropped in. I wasn't sure if this was intentional or not. The story stayed pretty true to the period but again one or two things popped up that made me question if that would be done or said at that time. For me the second part of the book was best as the author could play around with Fitzwilliam without really offending anyone. Darcy had to be kept in rein but we were given a reasonable account of how his story could have progressed. If you like Jane Austen and Mr Darcy then I can recommend this fan fiction being worth a read. 3*
Published by Sourcebooks Landmark, an imprint of Sourcebooks, Inc. 2011
Monday, 14 March 2016
From My Shelf - Book Review: The Invention of Everything Else - Samantha Hunt
Review - I am starting another new feature here titled 'From My Shelf''. I currently have little time to review and therefore am not accepting requests at present, so I thought that I would try and post a review of books from my TBR to keep my hand in practise.
Here is the story of Nikola Tesla merging fact with fiction. I had to check up on some of the facts as I knew little about Tesla other than giving us alternating current making our electricity safer. Samantha Hunt weaves an imaginative tale in giving us a young lady Louisa who is a chambermaid at the hotel where Tesla has a room. We get some insight into Tesla's history from when he arrives in the US from Serbia to working with Edison and others and on to his final years in New York. Tesla is portrayed as a character who has or likes little social interaction with people but 'talks' to the pigeons who rest on his balcony. One pigeon in particular 'talks' back and we see parallels here to Tesla himself. Louisa is on a journey seemingly an ordinary chambermaid, but once she meets Tesla her life is turned around when she stumbles upon one of his inventions. I enjoyed the storytelling and there are some wonderful, quirky characters particularly Azor. I would have liked to have seen more of Arthur who mysteriously reappears in Louisa's life. 3*
Published by Vintage Books 2009
Thursday, 11 February 2016
Supporting the Library - Book Review: I Can't Begin to Tell You by Elizabeth Buchan
With Bror desperate to preserve the legacy of his family home, even if it means co-existing with the enemy, Kay knows she cannot do the same. Lured by British Intelligence into a covert world of sabotage, her betrayal of Bror is complete as she puts her family in danger.
Tasked with protecting an enigmatic SOE agent, a man who cannot even tell her his name, Kay learns the art of subterfuge. From this moment on, she must risk everything for the sake of this stranger - a stranger who becomes entangled in her world in ways she never expected.
Caught on opposing sides of a war that has ripped apart a continent, will Kay and Bror ever find their way back to one another? (Quoted from the fly leaf.)
Review - Before I get down to the review I wish to alert you to a NEW FEATURE on the blog 'Supporting the Library'. As some of you may know I moved to a new area before Christmas and as soon as everything opened up again in the New Year I paid a visit to the county library and signed up. I took this opportunity to check out their shelves and pulled this title which I am ashamed to say has taken me nearly six weeks to read. I have hardly had time to read with getting both ourselves settled into a new place and the house sorted and liveable.
My thoughts. A great story. I chose this book because it was partly set in Denmark, a country that I love. Kay, an English lady is married to Bror, a Dane. They live on a country estate on Zealand and have invaluable help both inside and outside the house. Their two children are older and live in Copenhagen. Set in the time of WWII and the Danish resistance is fighting to bring down the Germans who are invading their small country. With the help of Britain and their coding experts these brave Danes do what they can to defeat their enemy. Kay becomes involved causing turmoil and distrust within her family relationships.
We are given a glimpse into life in Britain for the women who tirelessly worked on the messages being sent from the agents in Europe. Ruby, a very bright young lady whose talent is recognised becomes a key player in recognising discrepancies in the agents skeds. However, she has to fight the male bureaucracy to become heard. Fortunately, there is one man who does listen.
This is fiction interwoven with fact and it makes for a great story which I loved from beginning to end. Betrayal, love, it has it all. 4*
Published by Michael Joseph (an imprint of Penguin Books) 2014
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Sapa aluminum extrusions deliver savings through product efficiency and longevity, making them the preferred material choice for mass transit solutions. With a history of technical achievement, Sapa provides mass transit builders a full scope of support for vehicle design and manufacturing, including a complete range of fabrication and assembly services, from friction stir welding to sub-assemblies to complete structures. Our next generation shapes create more end-user marketing opportunities.
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Oven Roasted Sesame Asparagus
|1 Pound
|Olive oil
|1 Tablespoon
|Soy sauce
|1 Tablespoon
|Balsamic vinegar
|2 Teaspoon
|Sesame seeds
|1 Tablespoon (toasted)
|Toasted sesame oil
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
1. Snap off tough asparagus ends and, if large, peel stalks. Arrange in a single layer in baking dish. Drizzle with oil; roast in oven, stirring occasionally, for 15 minutes.
2. In a bowl combine soya sauce and balsamic vinegar; drizzle over asparagus. Roast 5 minutes more or until tender-crisp. Remove from oven; sprinkle with sesame seeds and sesame oil, if using.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 340 Calories from Fat 210
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 24 g37.2%
Saturated Fat 3.5 g17.3%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 859.1 mg35.8%
Total Carbohydrates 25 g8.4%
Dietary Fiber 11.8 g47.1%
Sugars 10.3 g
Protein 14 g28.1%
Vitamin A 68.6% Vitamin C 42.3%
Calcium 28.6% Iron 70.6%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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What do you do with your kids when you need pay for petrol?
What do you do with your kids when you need pay for petrol?
I leave them in the car with it locked and a window down about 5 cm in case i'm more than 2 minutes. They're fine.
If its a hot day, leave window down a bit lock doors take keys and leave them in the car. I check the line up first too, make sure its not long
Try not to go , and when I have to get frustrated that to use pay and go you need to have a woolworths everyday credit card...
When I had 1 I would take him in while he was sleeping, but now that I have 2 I have to leave them in the car
Leave them in the car. More safer that way.
My partner always makes sure that the car has enough petrol. If I'm desperate I'd pay at the pump.
*battens down the hatches ready for the storm*
I pay at the pump when possible or leave them in the car with windows down, take the keys & do the runner. Cant lock the car or the alarm goes off.
As much as I'd like to take them with me, its not an option.
if its summer and hot, she comes in with me. if its not hot leave her in the car with the door locked and keep an eye on her.
I leave him in the car and lock it.
I've never really seen why this whole thing is an issue?
Last edited by GypsyFortuneTeller; 17-04-2011 at 15:14. Reason: Leaving Bubhub, don't want my posts on this site anymore
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As the presidential campaign continues, a new poll suggests that the Romney campaign should not assume small business owners are monolithic in their support for the campaign.
The Graduate School of Political Management (GSPM) at George Washington University and Thumbtack.com conducted a survey on how small business view the upcoming election. Over 6,000 small business owners nationwide participated in the survey. The top line results include:
- Forty percent of all small business owners nationwide rated the economy and jobs as the most important factor in choosing a president. Ethics, honesty, and corruption in government is the second-most important factor for small businesses.
Among swing states, New Hampshire voters were the most concerned about the economy and jobs, Wisconsin voters were disproportionately concerned about government corruption, and Iowans and Nevadans rated health care policy as their top economic concern more frequently than did small businesses in any other swing state.
Florida and Michigan small business owners were more concerned about the economy and jobs than those in any other large states.
Here are five Implications for the Romney/Ryan campaign:
1. You need a more concise message to America's entrepreneurs. Earlier in the year, the campaign released a 59-page plan with 72 ideas to jump start the economy. While thorough, the campaign must now focus on two or three central ideas that will create jobs. Focus is the most important issue until ballots are cast on election day. If the Romney campaign does not carry the small business community, President Obama will be re-elected.
2. Discussion of taxes and the deficit don't appear to move independent small business owners into your camp. While the Republican 'faithful' are anxious to hear about keeping taxes low and reducing the deficit, small business owners tell us that the central issue continues to be job creation and growth. Focusing on lower taxes and the deficit are not high priorities for them.
3. Relying on people knowing President Obama's record on small business gives the president an 'edge' on election day. Thirty-four percent of self-described Independent small business owners believe President Obama is more supportive of small business. Twenty-seven percent believe Governor Romney is more supportive. Thirty-nine percent are not sure who is more supportive. The Romney campaign must ensure their communication on the president's record is understood and gets through all the political clutter.
4. Send more time with entrepreneurs, less time with staged events which have less believability. While not surveyed in this study, small business people see right through the controlled crowds and campaign staff prepared statements and questions. Small business owners want authenticity and passion. I would suggest cancelling the planned media events which offer little and emphasize real conversations with and around small business operations. Have more listening and less speech making.
5. Talk about your specific, concise small business agenda during your economic debate with the president. The upcoming debate gives Governor Romney a chance to leverage his business experience and communicate real-life private sector work during the economic debate with the president. Talk straight to small business and you talk straight to America.
The full results can be seen here thumbtack.com/politics and include interactive data visualizations, dozens of quotes from small business owners nationwide, and demographic-by-demographic comparisons. The full methodology and analysis paper can also be found there.
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Denver Public Schools would like to extend a warm welcome to all new teachers and educators joining us for the 2016-17 school year! The coming months are all a part of your transition into DPS and we want to be sure you have the information you need.
The district is committed to supporting our new teachers - whether new to the district, new to an assignment or new to teaching - so each is positioned for success in the classroom. For many, the journey begins as soon as you're hired and as early as this summer!