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2, February 2011
Dr. Pushpa R. Suri
Department of Computer Science and Applications, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana- 136119, India. email@example.com
Harmunish Taneja
Department of Information Technology, Maharishi Markendeshwar University, Mullana, Haryana- 133203, India firstname.lastname@example.com
Abstract - In recent years there has been considerable interest in analyzing relative trust level of the web objects. As the web contain facts and the assumptions on the global scale resulting on various criterions for trusting web page. In this paper an algorithm is proposed which assigns a rank to every web object like a requested document on the web that specify the quality of that object or the relative level of trust one can make on that web page. It is used for object level information extraction for ranking search results and is implemented in C++. In this paper the behavior of object rank for different values of moister factor in a domain is analyzed. The results emphasize that the moister factor can be useful in rank computation and further explore more web pages in alignment with the user's requirements. Keywords- Random Surfer Model, Information Computing, Web Objects, Information Retrieval System, Web Graph, Ranking, Object Rank. I. INTRODUCTION
search results based upon various lexicons. As the web contains the contradictions and hypothesis on a huge scale, therefore finding the relevant information using search engines is a tedious job. With the help of object level ranking [22], various objects on a domain independent of the query that describes the relative trust of the web page can be prioritized. The object rank of a page depends upon various factors associated with the web object. The organization of the paper is as follows. Related work is presented in section 2. Section 3 discusses the challenges of high quality search results. In section 4, Web_Object_Rank algorithm is proposed and discussed. The algorithm is implemented in section 5. Finally Section 6 concludes the paper on the basis of the results obtained. II. RELATED WORK
Information computing in various web domains is broadly extracting the web objects of unstructured nature like text objects that convince information need from within large collections using document-level ranking and therefore the structured information about real-world objects which is embedded in static web pages. Online databases exist on the web in huge amounts which are of unstructured nature. Unstructured data refers to the data which does not have clear, semantically obvious structure [7]. In other words information computing constitutes process of searching, recovering, and understanding information, from huge amounts of stored data. The information from the web can be retrieved by implementing searching techniques as Keyword based Searching, Concept-based Searching, Hybrid Search, and Knowledge Base Search. In case of object level information computing, domain based search is required. Every commercial information retrieval systems try to facilitate a user's access to information that is relevant to his information needs. This paper highlights ranking problem for domain based information retrieval, which states that every owner of the document wants to improve ranking of its document for that it can do many manipulations on its document like increasing number of links to the page by the dummy pages [1]. Object based information computing maintain the integrity of the
Google is a prototype of a large-scale search engine that makes heavy use of the structure present in hypertext [1]. Google is designed to crawl and index the web efficiently and produce much more satisfying search results than existing systems. Link Analysis Ranking [16] emphasize that hyperlink structures are used to determine the relative authority of a web page and produce improved algorithms for the ranking of search results. The prototype with a full text and hyperlink database of web pages is available at [8]. In the current era there is much concern in using random graph models for the web. The Random Surfer model [9] and the Page Rank-based selection model [11] are described as two major models [10]. Page Rankbased selection model tries to capture the effect that the search engines have on the growth of the web by adding new links according to Page Rank. The Page Rank algorithm is used in the Google search engine [12] for ranking search results. PageRank is a link analysis algorithm used by the Google Internet search engine that assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a hyperlinked set of documents, such as the World Wide Web (WWW), with the purpose of "measuring" its relative importance within the set. Google is designed to be a scalable search engine with primary goal to provide high quality search results over a rapidly growing WWW [18]. The PageRank theory suggests that even an imaginary surfer who is randomly clicking on links will eventually stop clicking. The probability, at any step, that the surfer will continue is a damping factor d [2]. The
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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
damping factor (α) is eminently empirical, and in most cases the value of α can be taken as 0.85 [1]. Page Rank is the stationary state of a Markov chain [2, 7]. The chain is obtained by perturbing the transition matrix induced by a web graph with a damping factor that spreads uniformly over the rank. The behavior of Page Rank with respect to changes in α is useful in link-spam detection [3]. The mathematical analysis of Page Rank with change in α show that contrary to popular belief, for real-world graphs values of α close to 1 do not give a more meaningful ranking [2,21]. The order of displayed web pages is computed by the search engine Google as the PageRank vector, whose entries are the Page Ranks of the web pages [4]. The Page Rank vector is the stationary distribution of a stochastic matrix, the Google matrix. The Google matrix in turn is a convex combination of two stochastic matrices: one matrix represents the link structure of the web graph and a second, rank-one matrix, mimics the random behavior of web surfers and can also be used to fight web spamming. As a consequence, Page Rank depend mainly the link structure of the web graph, but not on the contents of the web pages. Also the Page Rank of the first vertex, the root of the graph, follows the power law [10]. However, the power undergoes a phasetransition as parameters of the model vary. Link-based ranking algorithms rank web pages by using the dominant eigenvector of certain matrices--like the co-citation matrix or its variations [17]. Distributed page ranking on top of structured peer-to-peer networks is needed because the size of the web grows at a remarkable speed and centralized page ranking is not scalable [5]. Page ranking can be propagation rates depending on the types of the links and user's specific set of interests [6]. Page filtering can be decided based on link types combined with some other information relevant to links. For ranking, a profile containing a set of ranking rules to be followed in the task can be specified to reflect user's specific interests [20]. Similarities of contents between hyperlinked pages are useful to produce a better global ranking of web pages [19]. III. CHALLENGES
Page Rank of a web object can be defined as the fraction of time that the surfer spends on an average on that object. The probability that the random surfer visits a web page is its Page Rank [1]. Evidently, web objects that are hyperlinked by many other pages are visited more often. The random surfer gets bored and restarts from another random web object with a probability termed as the moister factor (m). The probability that the surfer follow a randomly chosen outlink is (1-m). The Markov Chain is a discrete-time stochastic process: a process that occurs in a series of time-steps in each of which a random choice is made [7]. There is one state corresponding to each web object. Hence, a Markov chain consists of N states if there are N numbers of Web Objects in the collection. A Markov chain is characterized by an N × N Probability Transition Matrix P each of whose entries is in the interval [0, 1]; the entries in each row of P add up to 1. Markov Property states that each entry Pij is the transition probability that depends only on the current state i. A Markov chain's probability distribution over its states may be viewed as a Probability Vector: a vector all of whose entries are in the interval [0, 1], and the entries add up to 1. According to [7, 14] the problem of computing bounds on the conditional steadystate Probability Vector of a subset of states in finite, discrete-time Markov chains is considered. A. Web_Object_Rank Algorithm: Features Features of Object Rank Algorithm are as follow: Query independent algorithm (assigns a value to every document independent of query). Content independent Algorithm. Concerns with static quality of a web page. Object Rank value can be computed offline using only web graph. Object Rank is based upon the linking structure of the whole web. Object Rank does not rank website as a whole but it is determined for each web page individually. Object Rank of web pages Ti which link to page A does not influence the rank of page A uniformly. More are the outbound links on a page T, less will page A benefit from a link to it. Object Rank is a model of user's behavior. B. Web_Object_Rank Algorithm: Assumptions If there are multiple links between two web objects, only a single edge is placed. No self loops allowed. The edges could be weighted, but we assume that no weight is assigned to edges in the graph. Links within the same web site are removed. Isolated nodes are removed from the graph.
The primary focus of Web Information Retrieval Support System (WIRSS) is to address the aspects of search that consider the specific needs and goals of the individuals conducting web searches [15]. The major goal is to provide high quality search results over a rapidly growing World Wide Web. Google employs a number of techniques to improve search quality including page rank, anchor text, and proximity information. Decentralized content publishing is the main reason for the explosive growth of the web. Corresponding to a user query there are many documents that can be retrieve by search engine. And every owner of the document wants to improve the ranking of its document. Commercial search engine have to maintain the integrity of there search results and this is one reason for the unavailability of the efforts made by them publicly. Democratization of content creation on the web generates new challenges in WIRSS. This gives rise to the question on integrity of web pages. In a simplistic approach, one might argue that only some publishers are trustworthy and others not. One more challenge is fast crawling technology is needed to gather the web objects and keep them up to date.
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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
Web_Object_Rank Algorithm This algorithm is basically a query independent algorithm that takes a web graph as an input and assigns a rank to every object which can specify the relative authorization of that web page. In the proposed algorithm, following is the list of variables moist_fact (m) is the moister factor: the probability of random surfer to restart search from another web object 1-m is the probability of the random surfer to search web objects from randomly chosen outlinks outlinks is the number of web objects linked with a particular page N is the number of objects in the domain prob[i][j] is the Probability Transition Matrix for all i ,j € 1 to N adj[i][j] is the Adjacency Matrix for all i ,j € 1 to N x is the Probability Vector itr is Iteration D. Web_Object_Rank Algorithm Step 1. Step 2. Step 3. Create a web graph of various objects in a domain. Set prob[i][j]=adj[i][j] Compute number of out links from a particular node say counter. IF outlinks of web objects = NULL THEN prob[i][j] is equally distributed for all i ,j ELSE prob values are distributed according to number of outlinks For all i,j IF (counter = 0) THEN prob[i][j]=1/N ELSE IF (prob[i][j] =1) THEN prob[i][j] =1.0/counter Multiply the resulting matrix by 1 − m. Add m/N to every entry of the resulting matrix, to obtain Probability Transition Matrix. For all i , j Do prob[i][j]=(prob[i][j]*(1- m))+((m/N); Randomly select a node from 0 to N-1 to start a walk say s_int . Initialize Random surfer and itr to keep account of number of iterations required to 0. Try to reach at steady state with in 200 iterations otherwise toggling occur Multiplying Probability Transition Matrixes with Probability Vector to get steady state Check either system enters in steady state or not Print the ranks stored in Probability Vector x and EXIT.
This implementation is based upon random surfer model [7] and Markov chain [13, 14]. The random surfer visit the objects in the web graph according to distribution based on which random surfer can be in one of the following four possible states at any time. Initial state is state of the system from where it will start its walk. The system is set in the random state by randomly selecting an object using random function and value corresponding to that web object in the Probability Vector is set to unity. Rest of the values in the Probability Vector is zero. Steady state is that state of the system when the Probability Vector of random surfer fulfills the properties of irreducibility and aperiodicity's. To check either the system get the steady state or not, two successive values of the Probability Vector must be same. Ideal state is that state of the random surfer when the system achieves the steady state but at the same time web object ranks are distributed uniformly to all documents. Toggling state is achieved by the random surfer when the system is not able to reach at steady state and just toggle between two set of object ranks.
Step 4. Step 5.
Step 6. Step 7. Step 8. Step 9. Step 10. Step 11.
Fig. 1. Web Graph
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(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
No. of Iterations
C. Results and Discussion The web graph shown in Fig 1 is used for analyzing various factors of the proposed algorithm. Variation in graph structures used for analysis change the performance of the algorithm. The graph shows 10 web objects in a domain that are interlinked as strongly connected graph. Every two nodes of the graph have a path with less number of links. Oi is the ith web object in the domain where i vary from 1 to 10. The adjacency matrix for web graph of Fig 1 is shown in Fig 2. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
M oister Factor vsNo. of Iterations
Moister Factor 250 No. of iterations
0 0. 05
0. 1 0. 15
0. 2 0. 25
0. 3 0. 35
0. 4 0. 45
0. 5 0. 55
0. 6 0. 65 0. 7 0. 75
0. 8 0. 85
0. 9 0. 95
Moister Factor
Fig. 3 . Moister Factor vs Number of Iterations It is further analyzed that as the Moister Factor is equal to 1, random Surfer enters into the Ideal state and the corresponding rank values of the web objects is same as in table 2. The graph for the ideal state is shown in Fig 4. Table 2: Ranks of objects at moister factor 1 Object Computed Rank O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fig.2. Adjacency Matrix for all i ,j € 1 to 10 To analyze the convergence speed, number of iterations required by random surfer to reach at a steady state is recorded in Table 1 and the corresponding graph is shown in fig 3. In fig. 3 infinity value is shown by a large number of iterations (200 or more). It clearly shows that as the moister factor approaches 1, the number of iterations is reduced. Table 1: Moister Factor Vs No. of Iterations Moister Factor No. of Iterations 0 Infinity 0.05 Infinity 0.1 Infinity 0.15 Infinity 0.2 83 0.25 73 0.3 62 0.35 46 0.4 41 0.45 33 0.5 35 0.55 39 0.6 24 0.65 21 0.7 20 0.75 22 0.8 16 0.85 12 0.9 11 0.95 10 1 2
Computed Rank at Moister factor 1
0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0
Computed Rank
Computed Rank
Fig.4. Random Surfer Ideal State Figure 5 shows that for the Moister Factor less than 0.2, no rank is provided to any web object and system enters into the toggling state with large number of
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Web Objects
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2011
iterations for the given domain. Also, the ranks computed by the proposed algorithm for moister factor values from 0.2 to 1 are shown.
Computed Object Ranks at various Moister Factor
0.100000 0.050000
0.000000 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 Web Object
Fig. 4. Moister factor (>.2) to different documents From the above graphs and analysis, we can say that the moister factor plays a main role in this algorithm and performance of algorithm can be improved if this factor is selected properly. The value of moister factor can vary from 0 to 1 but in most of the cases system enter into the toggling state if value selected is less than 0.2 and at the value 1 system enter into ideal state giving insignificant results. Value must be closer to 1 but can not be 1. As shown in Fig. 2 systems achieve a steady state in less number of iterations if moister factor value is closer to 1. CONCLUSION The current study was conducted to demonstrate how the link structure of the web can be used to provide the ranking to various documents. This ranking can be provided offline. With the help of this approach one can prioritize the various documents on the web independent of the query. However a complete score computation is based on various other factors. In the proposed algorithm a damping factor is used that play a very important role on the analysis of the algorithm. After the analysis it is concluded that damping factor must not be selected closer to zero. At the damping factor one, the system enters into the ideal state and the ranking provided is insignificant. As per evaluation the damping factor must be selected greater than or equals to 0.5. However, if we consider convergence speed as only factor to evaluate the performance than the best moister factor will be .95. The proposed algorithm is query independent algorithm and does not consider query during ranking.
[8] [9]
REFERENCES Sergey Brin , Lawrence Page, "The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine", Proceedings of the 7th International conference on World Wide Web 7, p.107-117, April 1998, Brisbane, Australia Paolo Boldi, Massimo Santini, S. Vigna, "PageRank as a Function of the Damping Factor", International World Wide Web Conference Proceedings of the 14th International conference on World Wide Web Chiba, Japan pages: 557 - 566 Year of Publication: 2005 Hui Zhang, Ashish Goel, Ramesh Govindan, Kahn Mason,and Benjamin Van Roy. "Making eigenvector-based reputation systems robust to collusion", In Stefano Leonardi Editor, ProceedingsWAW 2004, number 3243 in LNCS, pages 92–104. Springer-Verlag, 2004. Nie Z., Wu F., Wen J.R., and Ma W.Y., "Extracting Objects from the Web", 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06), pp 1-3, Year: 2006. Jianfeng Zheng, Zaiqing Nie, "Architecture of an Object-level Vertical Search", IEEE, in the Proceeding of International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining, pp 51-55, Year: 2009. Zhanzi qui,Matthias Hemmje,Erich J.Neuhold, "Using Link types in web page ranking and filtering"; IEEE Computer Society Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE'01) Volume 1 ; Page: 311 Year of Publication: 2001 Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, Hinrich Schutze, "An Introduction to Information Retrieval", Publisher: Cambridge University Press New York, NY, USA , Pages: 461470 Year: 2008 http://google.stanford.edu/ Blum, T.-H. H. Chan, and M. R. Rwebangira, "A random-surfer web-graph model". In ANALCO '06: Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments and the 3 rd Workshop on Analytic Algorithmics and Combinatorics, pages 238--246, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2006. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Prasad Chebolu, Páll Melsted," PageRank and the random surfer model", Symposium on Discrete Algorithms Proceedings of the 19th annual ACMSIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms; Pages: 1010-1018.Year : 2008 Gopal Pandurangan, Prabhakar Raghavan, Eli Upfal, "Using PageRank to Characterize Web Structure", Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Conference on Computing and Combinatorics, page No..330-339, August 15-17, 2002.
Computed Rank
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Google technology overview {http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/tech.html}, 2004 R. Montenegro,P. Tetali, "Mathematical aspects of mixing times in Markov chains", Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science Volume 1 , Issue 3 (May 2006) Pages: 237 - 354 ;Year : 2006 Tugrul Dayar, Nihal Pekergin, Sana Younes; "Conditional steady-state bounds for a subset of states in Markov chains", ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Vol. 201 Proceeding from the 2006 workshop on Tools for solving structured Markov chains Article No.: 3 Year: 2006 Orland Hoeber, "Web Information Retrieval Support Systems: The Future of Web Search, Web Intelligence & Intelligent Agent", Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 03 Pages: 29-32;Year: 2008 Allan Borodin, Gareth O. Roberts, Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, Panayiotis Tsaparas, "Link analysis ranking: algorithms, theory, and experiments", ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT) Volume 5 , Issue 1 (Feb. 2005) Pages: 231 - 297 Year: 2005 R. Lempel, S. Moran, "Rank-Stability and RankSimilarity of Link-Based Web Ranking Algorithms in Authority-Connected Graphs", Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers, April 2005 Information Retrieval , Volume 8 Issue 2, Pages: 245 - 264 ;Year : 2005 Sehgal, Umesh; Kaur, Kuljeet; Kumar, Pawan, "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hyper Textual Web Search Engine", Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2009. ICCEE '09. Second International Conference on Volume 2, 28-30 Dec. 2009 Page(s):491 - 495 ; Year 2009 Kritikopoulos, A., Sideri, M., Varlamis, "Wordrank: A Method for Ranking Web Pages Based on Content Similarity", Databases, 2007. BNCOD '07, 24th British National Conference on 3-5 July 2007, Page(s): 92-100, Year: 2007 . Zaiqing Nie, Ji-Rong Wen and Wei-Ying Ma, "Objectlevel Vertical Search" January 7-10, 2007, Asilomar, California, USA, 3rd Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR), Year: 2007. Zhi-Xiong Zhang, Jian Xu, Jian-Hua Liu, Qi Zhao, Na Hong, Si-Zhu Wu, Dai-Qing Yang, "Extraction knowledge objects in scientific web resource for research profiling", IEEE, Baoding, 12-15 July 2009, pp 34753480, Eighth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Year: 2009.
Nie Z., Zhang Y., Wen J.R., and Ma W.Y. "Objectlevel Ranking: Bringing Order to web Objects", In Proceeding of World Wide Web (WWW), 2007.
Dr. Pushpa R. Suri received her Ph.D. Degree from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. She is working as Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Applications at Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. She has many publications in International and National Journals and Conferences. Her teaching and research activities include Discrete Mathematical Structure, Data Structure, Information Computing and Database Systems. Harmunish Taneja received his M.Phil. degree in (Computer Science) from Algappa University, Tamil Nadu and Master of Computer Applications from Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hissar, Haryana, India. Presently he is working as Assistant Professor in Information Technology Department of M.M. University, Mullana, Haryana, India. He is pursuing Ph.D. (Computer Science) from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. He has published 11 papers in International / National Conferences and Seminars. His teaching and research areas include Database systems, Web Information Retrieval, and Object Oriented Information Computing.
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From nuTsie: We assembled the 100 greatest dance songs of the 90's into one big collection for those of you who hung out in clubs and danced to the thumping sounds of greats like Daft Punk, Crystal Waters, Underworld, Bell Biv DeVoe, Jamiroquai, Janet Jackson, amongst others. These is not just a song chart or samples. You'll hear the entire track for all of these songs.What are the top 100 Greatest Dance Songs of the 90s?These songs weren't selected based solely on record sales. The 100 songs listed here were chosen for Impact and Lasting Popularity.Hear or see a song you like? Select the "buy song" button and you'll be taken directly to that song in the iTunes store.It plays the music in shuffle mode. It's like a premium radio station that plays the greatest Dance Songs of 90s. No commercials and you can skip songs too.RequirementsDance Songs of the 90s requires a connection to a 3G, Edge, or Wi-fi network to stream the music to your iPhone or iPod Touch.
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The Foreign Office was last night investigating claims that a British citizen is among seven foreign hostages, including three Lebanese citizens, and one each from Greece, Italy and the Philippines, murdered by a terrorist group in Nigeria.
The report of the killings comes almost exactly a year after a failed rescue bid by British and Nigerian forces resulted in two hostages, one a Briton, being killed by their captors.
The Ministry of Defence refused to comment on claims by the Islamist group Ansaru – linked to the extremist organisation Boko Haram – that the murders were provoked by the arrival of British fighter jets in Nigeria amid rumours of a rescue mission.
Photographs of the dead hostages, who were kidnapped from Setraco, a Lebanese construction company in the northern state of Bauchi last month, are understood to have been posted on an Islamist website by the group.
In a statement, it claimed that sightings of British military planes in the region, and a message from the President of Nigeria, Goodluck Jonathan, that the government would do anything in its power to free the hostages, had triggered the decision.
"[We] announced the capture of seven Christian foreigners and warned that ... any attempt by force to rescue them will render their lives in danger," the statement said.
"The Nigerian and British government operation led to the death of all the seven Christian foreigners," it added.
Ansaru's full name is Jama'atu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis Sudan, which roughly translates as "vanguards for the protection of Muslims in black Africa".
The Foreign Office stated yesterday: "We are aware of reports of the death of a British national in Nigeria and are urgently investigating". It asked "the media not to speculate at this extremely sensitive time".
Last night, Nigerian officials cast doubt on the claims by Ansaru. "As far as I'm concerned, and to the best of my knowledge, nothing like that has happened," said the Bauchi police commissioner, Mohammed Ladan.
According to news agencies, an intelligence official in the north also said he doubted the report, although he said some suspects linked to the kidnapping had been arrested last week. And Mohammed Abdullah, a spokesman for Setraco, also stated that he had heard nothing of any harm done to the hostages.
In what appeared to be a carefully planned attack, the workers had been taken during a raid on the company's compound in Jama'are, about 200 kilometres north of Bauchi, on 16 February. Gunmen first attacked a local prison, destroying police trucks, before they assaulted the compound during which a guard was killed.
The reported deaths of the hostages come a year after a bungled British-Nigerian rescue mission in Sokoto, in the north-west of Nigeria, saw two hostages, a Briton, Chris McManus, and an Italian, Franco Lamolinara, killed before special forces soldiers could get to them. Ansaru was linked to the kidnapping, which took place in May 2011.
Ansaru declared itself a splinter group independent from Boko Haram, Nigeria's main terrorist group, earlier this year, according to analysts. Boko Haram has so far been blamed for almost 800 killings last year alone.
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text: Columbia Hacker says he's behind Columbia City and KOMU hacks, not Anonymous By Associated Press & KBIA staff • Dec 29, 2014 The Columbia Daily Tribune is now reporting that the hacker activist group Anonymous was not responsible for hacker attacks that shut down both the city's website and KOMU's website. Business Beat: Columbia public transit lagging despite CoMo Connect By Kara Tabor • Dec 3, 2014 Skitterphoto/Pixabay Listen Listening... / Listen to this week's show with host Kara Tabor After the launch of CoMo Connect this summer, public transit ridership in Columbia jumped about 11 percent according to the Columbia Public Works Department. However, public transit remains a problem for the city, with long waiting times and limited evening and weekend services. Missouri Business Alert's Tatiana Darie looks into why this is happening and what efforts are being made to improve it. Protesters March to Boone County Courthouse By Brady Finn • Nov 25, 2014 Brady Finn Listen Listening... / "This isn't a moment, this is a movement" Those were the words spoken by several speakers Tuesday night who led protesters in a march from Secondary Missionary Baptist Church to the court house in downtown Columbia. The protest was organized by several groups, including the Columbia branch of the NAACP. PM Newscast November 12, 2014 By Brady Finn • Nov 12, 2014 Regional coverage from the KBIA Newsroom, including: CPS Early Childhood Learning Center Some Missouri residents petition gay marriage reversal New student bus service coming next fall Technology company to add jobs in Joplin Talking Politics: The Conflict between City, State and Federal Laws By A.J. Feather • Nov 11, 2014 Jack Howard / KBIA Listen Listening... / 7:49 In this week's Talking Politics we tackle the difficult and commonly misunderstood interaction between city, state and federal laws. Ginny Chadwick voted against an ordinance that would have decriminalized the cultivation of marijuana plants at a city council meeting in October after saying she would vote for the measure during her campaign. Columbia officials looking at new ways to fund public safety By Anders Petersen • Nov 7, 2014 KOMU / Flickr Columbia City Officials say it is crucial to look at other ways to secure public safety after 60 percent of the voters rejected Proposition One in Columbia on Election Day last Tuesday. Business Beat: Moe's spurs burrito competition, Latino youth to lead future of Midwest agriculture By Kara Tabor • Oct 29, 2014 Phil Joens/Missouri Business Alert A battle is taking place in downtown Columbia—a culinary one, that is. Competition has heated up between two different fast-casual burrito chains located next to one another on Ninth Street—Chipotle Mexican Grill and Moe's Southwest Grill. Missouri Business Alert's Phil Joens reports on the competition between the two and what it means for their businesses. New bio-tech business opens to public in Columbia By Timothy Maylander • Oct 3, 2014 Timothy Maylander / KBIA Columbia officially welcomed a new bio-technology business to the city with a ribbon cutting at its new facility this week. BioPharma Services Inc. has been up and running in the city for a couple of months but had its grand opening for its new 11,000 square foot laboratory and clinical facility on Wednesday. BioPharma is a medical research company that conducts clinical trials and drug testing. Its Columbia office specializes in bio-equivalence studies, which usually means ensuring generic drugs are absorbed into the body at the same rate as their name-brand counterparts. Columbia hires civil engineering firm to fix sewers By Mike Palmer • Sep 18, 2014 KBIA The City of Columbia hired Engineering Surveys and Services this week to fix the sewer lines that run through Flat Branch Creek and the sewer main under Sixth and Elm Street. According to Columbia City Councilman Karl Skala, the project should take developers several years to complete. Student housing developers are also adding $450,000 to improve the sewer line that runs underneath Turner Avenue and into the Flat Branch trunk sewer. Columbia City Councilwoman Laura Nauser said MU's push for more students influenced the decision on the project. President of Regional Economic Development, Inc. to retire By Jeremy Schrank • Jun 19, 2014 The Columbia business landscape hasn't always been as commercial as it is now. Mike Brooks has been a fixture in the city's business outlook for five years, but that reign is coming to an end as Brooks announced his retirement from Regional Economic Development Incorporated (REDI) Wednesday. Bicycle and Pedestrian Commission discusses future of cycling By Madeline Dufek • Jun 19, 2014 KBIA Members of the Bicycle and Pedestrian Commission are recharging this morning after tensions rose during a conversation on electric bikes at last night's meeting in Columbia. During their monthly meeting, members of the commission spent a majority of their time discussing the future of bicycles: electric bikes. Man found guilty for murder in 2013 "drug deal gone bad" in Columbia By Associated Press • Jun 13, 2014 Joe Gratz / Flickr A Columbia man has been found guilty of second-degree murder for the shooting death of a Jefferson City man. Two bills passed to strengthen penalty of disarming police By Jeremy Schrank • May 29, 2014 KOMUnews / Flickr Two bills to further protect on duty officers are currently awaiting Gov. Jay Nixon's signature. The Columbia Police Officers' Association has supported legislation that would make it a felony to disarm a law enforcement agent of any weapon, not simply their handgun. Boone County Commission adds park sales tax to August ballot By Louie Kaczmarek • May 29, 2014 KBIA file photo The Boone County Commission voted unanimously Tuesday morning to put a one-eighth-cent sales tax on the August ballot that would benefit the Central Missouri Events Center, county parks and recreational facilities. Parachutists impress at annual Memorial Day Parade By Brandon Kiley • May 26, 2014 Brandon Kiley / KBIA Listen Listening... / 0:42 KBIA's Brandon Kiley reports from the 2014 Memorial Day parade in Columbia, Mo. The Salute to Veterans Memorial Day Parade continued its 26-year tradition with spectators coming together to watch the parade in downtown Columbia. The Salute to Veterans Corporation says the parade is specifically put on to honor and remember those who served and those currently serving in the armed forces, guard, reserves and our allies. Ameren progresses in cleanup of downtown Columbia site By Associated Press • May 22, 2014 forwardstl / flickr Crews have removed about 18,000 tons of contaminated soil from a downtown Columbia site contaminated with possible carcinogens from a former manufactured gas plant. Columbia Leadership Council holds forums to inform residents and ask for their opinions By Eric Kelly • May 12, 2014 File / KBIA The government of Columbia is continuing to try and clear up questions about the future of the city. Ameren starts construction on natural gas pipeline By Associated Press • Apr 15, 2014 forwardstl / flickr Ameren Missouri says construction is underway on an 11-mile natural gas pipeline from Columbia to Ashland, which currently does not have natural gas service. Columbia recognizes National Public Health Week By Colin Hope • Apr 11, 2014 vitualis / Flickr The Columbia-Boone County Department of Public Health and Human services celebrates Public Health Week April 7-13. The department is promoting this year's theme as "Public Health: Start Here, Better Health. Better Missouri." Local biotech startup receives $200,000 investment By A. J. Feather • Mar 13, 2014 Amylovesyah / Flickr Local biotech startup Animal Health Specialties has announced it is receiving an investment of more than $200,000 from Columbia-based investment group Centennial Investors. True False Film Festival to showcase more than 40 films By Desiree Seals • Feb 27, 2014 True/ False Film Festival / Flickr The True/False Film Festival will run from today until Sunday, and will showcase more than 40 films, dozens of works of art and many musical guests. Volunteers spent most of Thursday preparing for the rush of film-goers from all over the country. Kelsey Oerly says she is excited to finally contribute to the festival. New app to help Columbia residents track public transportation By Ethan West • Feb 24, 2014 Columbia Transit The City of Columbia discussed a new public transportation plan Friday in a meeting with Boone County, the Columbia School Board and the Chamber of Commerce. Civic groups donate computers to families By Eliza Davidson • Feb 21, 2014 Remko van Dokkum / Flickr For the 11th year, the Voluntary Action Center and the Downtown Optimist Club worked with the City of Columbia on a program called "Homes for Computers." This program gives used computers to low income Columbia families. Rick McKernan, a member of the Downtown Optimist Club, described how families had to meet certain criteria as decided by The Voluntary Action Center before receiving the computers. The family has to have a child in the local school system, it can't have a computer already, and must have financial need. Cold January in Columbia, but temperature record not broken [GRAPHIC] By Andrew Gibson • Feb 3, 2014 Au Kirk / Flickr January in Columbia had no shortage of brutally cold days. But despite an abnormally icy stretch early in the month that closed schools as far south as Atlanta (some blamed it on the "polar vortex"), Columbia did not break its January record for low temperature. Ameren starts cleaning of Columbia superfund site By Associated Press • Jan 17, 2014 Fantail Media / Flickr Ameren Missouri has begun cleaning up a Superfund site in downtown Columbia that is contaminated by tars from a former manufactured-gas plant. The utility plans to remove about 36,000 tons of dirt from the site and truck it to the Jefferson City landfill. Work is expected to be completed by the end of July. The manufactured-gas plant was located at the site from 1875 to 1932. The company used the site for its headquarters after coal gasification ended. No civil rights violation charges in Brandon Coleman death By Associated Press • Jan 14, 2014 Null Value / Flickr Federal prosecutors say they won't file criminal charges connected to possible civil rights violations in the fatal shooting of a 25-year-old Columbia man. Kansas City-based U.S. Attorney Tammy Dickinson opened an investigation in October into the May 2013 death of Brandon Coleman, a University of Missouri groundskeeper. She announced the results in a news release Tuesday. Columbia council approves renewable energy mandate bump By Ryan Famuliner • Jan 7, 2014 Sam Lin / KBIA The Columbia City Council voted Monday night to increase the city's renewable energy mandate. By 2018, Columbia Water and Light will now need to get 15 percent of its energy from renewable sources – up from 10 percent as spelled out in the renewable energy mandate passed by Columbia voters in 2004. The future goals were also increased to 25 percent by 2023 and 30 percent by 2029. The previous goal for 2023 was 15 percent and there was no goal set for 2029. First Ward Councilmember Fred Schmidt was one of the councilmembers that voted to pass the change 5-2. "The energy future and the environmental future calls for this – for doing something and I believe this is the right step. We don't know what the future is going to hold, so we shoot for a multiplicity of sources," Schmidt said. Columbia faith communities prepare for annual homeless shelter By Kellie Moore • Dec 9, 2013 Kellie Kotraba/ColumbiaFAVS Faith communities around Columbia are preparing for the annual start of Room at the Inn, a homeless shelter open in January and February. Columbia to consider changing definition of family for zoning purposes By Associated Press • Nov 20, 2013 KBIA The Columbia City Council is considering changing the definition of family in zoning ordinances to include domestic partners. The current zoning ordinance defines a family as an individual, or a married couple, and their children and no more than two other persons related to the individual. No more than three unrelated people are allowed to live in single-family homes. Because of that definition, domestic partners were considered unrelated people, which is what a proposed resolution would change. Roots N Blues N BBQ Festival brings more than $1 million to Columbia By Sam Richmond • Nov 14, 2013 Amanda Sohaney / KOMU The 7th annual Roots N Blues festival brought more than 22,000 fans from 35 states -- and five other countries -- to Columbia this September. This year's event marked the first time the festival took place in Stephens Lake Park, and saw 27 artists from across the world take the stage. The event gave a boost to Columbia's economy, as it created $1,205,842 in economic impact for the city, according to the 2013 Convention and Visitors Bureau Economic Impact Study. Organizer Richard King said he was satisfied with this year's event. Pages« first ‹ previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 next › last »


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Gilmore Out A Winner
Scout Football Top Stories
SEC Program Surging For Four-star LB MasinaMISSION VIEJO, Calif. -- Scout.com caught up with four-star outside linebacker Salua Masina at the Under Armour All-American Football Camp to get the latest in his recruitment...
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Super '19 Kenny McIntosh Holds Several OffersOne of the more impressive athletes in America for the class of 2019 is Florida's Kenny McIntosh, and the University School four-star holds offers from several of the nation's…
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4-Star Kristian Pechac One Of Midwest's BestOne of the top prospects in the Midwest is Indiana runningback Kristian Pechac, and the offers are rolling in for the 2018 recruit.
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Big 12, Big Ten, ACC Visits For OT ZubovicBelle Vernon (Pa.) High offensive offensive tackle Blake Zubovic is lining up visits.
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This series highlights some of the women who have made important discoveries and have had a crucial impact on STEM fields. The series includes first-hand stories, downloadable posters, postcards and a resource guide.
This Flash-based interactive provides access to illustrations, visualizations, videos, and near-real time images of the Sun from a variety of NASA satellites. Learners can access this information to supplement other materials related to the Sun and... (View More) heliophysics. A scale tool with the size of the Earth is also presented with the solar images. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
Carl Sagan once claimed that the most important lesson we learn from studying the stars is perspective. To address this concept, this activity offers a scale model of the solar system to be evaluated. There are many versions of solar system scale... (View More) models available; this one is unique for its large scale chosen, the quality of the scaled objects, and the supplementary materials and information provided. The model is extended to include interaction and discovery on the part of learners, and suggested extensions. The set of materials includes a book about the solar system, developed from NASA's "From Earth to the Solar System" (FETTSS) imagery, and appropriate for use with the model. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $5 - $10 per group of students
This 12-page educational comic book introduces readers to the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Using the Japanese anime art style, the comic book explains the satellite technology and the mission goals and applications. Supplemental... (View More) materials to support the story include an overview of the GPM mission, a description of the satellite and its instruments, examples of the data it collects, descriptions of some of the constellation partners, and a glossary of science terms used in the comic. Links are provided to additional related resources, including a template for learners to create their own comic. The Japanese anime/manga style of art was chosen because the GPM mission is a collaboration between NASA and JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. (View Less)
This multi-phased learning package progresses from guided engineering to an open mission design challenge through scaffolded and easy-to-implement teaching tools, lessons and art activities. By building an O-REx spacecraft model in a collaborative... (View More) team, learners take on authentic roles, deepening their understanding of the workings of a NASA mission. Throughout, engineering concepts are presented with a humanistic perspective to make technical concepts relatable. Teamwork is emphasized as it relates to the legacy and practice of invention, design and engineering. The program is aligned to Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). (View Less)
The Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) collects rain, snow and other precipitation data worldwide every three hours. This short (4:17 minute) video introduces learners to the role of GPM and it's partner satellites in gathering precipitation data... (View More) and the role of Goddard's Precipitation Processing System (PPS) in compiling that data into unified global data sets. (View Less)
This online repository includes captioned images designed to tell a story about the science of light. Developed for the United Nation's International Year of Light 2015 (IYL2015), the images showcase the incredible variety of light-based science... (View More) being researched today across the electromagnetic spectrum, across scientific disciplines, and across technological platforms. (View Less)
This curriculum uses an inquiry-based Earth system science approach, and leverages Project BudBurst, a citizen science phenology project, to engage students in authentic research on plant and ecosystem responses to climate change. Students collect... (View More) local data then analyze that data in the context of NASA regional and global data sets and satellite imagery to understand their data in personal, regional, and global contexts. The curriculum is divided into four units: The Earth as a System; Identifying the key changing conditions of the Earth system; Earth system responses to natural and human induced changes; and Predicting the consequences of changes for human civilization. Each unit consists of several activities with accompanying teacher answer sheets. (View Less)
This unit focuses on the impacts of climate change on humans. Students participate in activities using "Character Cards" (included with the unit). The cards introduce fictitious citizens who describe the local economic, social and political factors... (View More) that impact their country's climate change issues/responses. In addition, students examine how their own energy and food choices impact climate change and then propose ideas to reduce their carbon footprint. The unit is one of four under the Chicago Botanic Garden curriculum entitled, "Climate Change in My Backyard." (View Less)
In this unit, students investigate temperature cycles, tree rings, CO2 records, and the effects of CO2 on temperature, precipitation and cloud cover to determine the impacts of changing climate on forests. After gathering and analyzing local data,... (View More) students examine regional impacts and differences. The unit is one of four under the Chicago Botanic Garden curriculum entitled, "Climate Change in My Backyard." (View Less)


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by Duncan Larkin, Published Dec. 5, 2011, Updated Dec. 5, 2011 at 1:21 PM UTC
The first Japanese runner was third.
by Duncan Larkin, Published Jul. 4, 2011, Updated Jul. 5, 2011 at 9:37 AM UTC
The times were slow due to the challenging conditions.
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Pharmacy students make UH dean's list
The following students from The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy at the University of Hawaii at Hilo have been named to the dean's list for the spring semester. Those in the class of 2013 were performing clinical rotations, and were not eligible.
— Class of 2014: Miho Aoki, Maurina Bartlett, Katherine Bass, Jeffrey Christley, Jizan-Anne Evangelista, John Fujita, Jack Goldsberry, Jaymie Kanda, Mariko Katagiri, Daniel Kim, Kyle Kumashiro, Andy-Long Le, Dana Lee, Yan Feng Lin, Janine Masri, Janelle Matsukawa, Tracy Nakama, Steven Nishimoto, Naoto Oki, John Opoku-Ansah, Andrew Reinhart, Behnam Rostami, Joanne Sablan, Jed Sana, Caroline Sousa, Koon Ting, Hana Tran, Christopher Tsue, Dayna Michelle Wong.
— Class of 2015: Brianne Blakesley, Andrea Brauer, Richard Cleave, Chao Cox, Jeremy Daube, Jozelle Gabriel, Davis Hanai, Daniel Hasegawa, Kelly Ishizuka, Brian John, Madison Karr, Tiffany Kahn, Traci Kusaka, Daniel Leong, Jennie Lim, Wei Lin, Kristina Lo, Chelsea Murobayashi, Tracy Ng, Eric Ngo, Darian Oshiro, Alysia Osugi, Jessica Parker, Jarred Prudencio, Garrett Rhodes, LaTasha Riddick, Lindsey Takara, Trina Tran, Antonio Verduzco, Jill Anne Villarosa, Jillian Wewers, Nichole Wilson, Akio Yanagisawa, Nicole Young.
— Class of 2016: Amy Anderson, Allen Bagalso, Kyle Cabison, David Choe, Chau Dang, Yen Dao Barnes, Walter Domingo, Rachel Ebbett, Bryce Fukunaga, Jerilyn Gudoy, Alexander Guimaraes, Samantha Hanabaga, Andrew Hayashi, Allan Higa, Okezie Irondi, Leilani Isozaki, Blake Johnson, Camilla Kim, Micah Kim Han, Nancy Le, Quynh Le, Thao Le, Uoc Le, Albert Lee, Katherine Lee, Tina Liu, Shanon Makanui, Anissa Marzuki, Aryn Meguro, Joseph Nguyen, Sarah Osellame, Joson Perreira, Yolette Quach, Daryl Sakado, Eric Sanders, Huong-Thy Ta, Andy Takahata, Mireya Talavera, Christopher Thai, Carlo Tiano, Eric Tsuji, Brandon Tuzon, Kimberly Victorine, Kevin Wang.
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Pants Sizing Question
I needed to purchase a pair of ice pants, so I got some online. I'm 5'5" ans 155 lbs (yeah, I'm fat - that's why I'm trying to get back into hockey), so I purchased a pair of size 50 Grafs. The sizing guide said that would fit a 32 waist, but they're way too long!
The waist is good, as in I can pull the draw strings all the way so both sides of the material touch, but the pants go past my knee caps even when squatting. Would it be possible to squeeze into a pair of junior pants, or do they make them much smaller? If so, what size? 160? I'm mainly concerned about the length.
Hmm...size 50 is closer to 34-36" waist than 32". You might want to exchange them for 48's, or possibly go with a different brand as Grafs run a bit long.
couldn't agree more with what jarick posted. check out ccm's as they tend to run a bit shorter size for size than most other brands.
I would have gone with a 48 in the Grafs.
Yea, when I was looking for pants for my 30" waist and looked at Euro sizes, I needed a 46 or 48. You got the wrong size.
+1 for CCMs. They run short and they're nice pants.
Thanks for the replies, I'll look into trying to exchange for a different type.
As far as the sizing guides go, I went with what was on the website!
Too long? No worries, it makes you look cool ;)
If I went with a Graf 46/48, does anyone know how much shorter they would be in length? I like the pants I bought, they're just a bit long. I can definitely fit into a smaller waist, I just need to shave off ~2-4 inches length-wise.
Thanks again for all the help!
Not that much shorter. You would be better off with some CCM pants if you need them short.
One size down isn't going to be 4" difference, so if they're that far off, I'd say a 48 is still going to be long for you. Have you put them on with all your equipment? I say that because pants always feel longer on me when I slip than on alone than when I get fully dressed. I wear +2's and even those feel short in everything except a Graf pant.
Anyway, I decided to give the Tackla women line a try but wanted good information on sizing. The guy at Tackla told me to basically add an inch in length for each step up in size. So a 50 would be about an inch longer than a 48. Hope this helps.
He told you exactly right. My Tackla 48 Talls were 27"long. The 50 Talls were 28".
32-33" waist go 48
34-36" waist go 50
I'm same height...30, 31" waist (29 or 30 inseam depending on the pants) and find Bauer pants to fit me well length wise. Depending on how high I wear them, they stop right above the knee. If my suspenders or pants get loose, they sag down to the middle of the knee.
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L'Incanto di San Pietro
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- Minbar in room
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TripAdvisor Reviews L'Incanto di San Pietro Rome
Travel Blogs from Rome
Rome, the selfie stick capital!
... amounts of selfie stick sellers and baz throwing up at the fountain de trevi was just epic. One morning when baz went to the bathroom i probably smelt the worst smell ever, like it made my eyes water, it was really ******.....just thought id chuck that in there. Also that last day watching all the sketchy ***** at the traino was funny,this one guy looked like eddie murphy and had really wide open eyes. But yeah, Rome was deffinately eventful thats for sure!
... central Rome and did the obligatory Palatine Hill (Romulus and Remus's birth place, as well as the Circus Maximus and the Roman Forum) and the Colosseum. In one way we were fortunate because 1 Sunday a month you get free entry and today was the day. On the other hand there were thousands of people around it being a long weekend and with good weather. Nevertheless we persevered and had a good old wander around both sites. I have ...
Hanging out at the Vatican and St Peter's
... about 3/4 of the pizza. Overall, a nice meal.
We walked back out and went into St Peter's. It was about 5pm or so - barely a wait to get in at least. We visited on our first trip to Rome, but it is so over the top gorgeous, you can't help but stare awestruck. The marble, the gold mosaics, the ceilings, the high altar, the paintings and sculptures and the sun streaming thru the windows. The domed ceilings...everything about it...I took ...
Art, Religion, and Food
... The inside is so well proportioned that, even though the dimensions are
massive, it is difficult to appreciate how large a scale the interior is. Statues in nooks that seem normal size are well over 12' tall. The bronze alter cover at the end of the church doesn't look that big sitting under the dome, but it is in fact 10 stories tall. The dome itself could accommodate the Statue of Liberty with room to spare. ...
Magnificent Monuments
... to take the day as it comes.
As we started walking I remembered reading about Campo di Fiori, which was meant to be the location of a colourful little street market. So we typed it into Google maps and set off to check it out. Let me just say it was certainly colourful but it was not little. This market was absolutely amazing and full of the most vibrant and interesting fruit, vegetable, cheese, flowers, balsamic, oil, spices, ...


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Revita Derma :- Jennifer and Nelly, two best friends now in their 50s, grew up together and even used their first mascara together. From sending kids to same schools to arranging similar themed showers and parties, Jennifer and Nelly had a lot in common except that Nelly was more concerned about Revita Derma's negative results while Jennifer was more taken by the promises. Regular readers, Jennifer and Nelly wrote to us saying that they didn't want to go for anything surgical and most of the products they had tried in the past decade failed to do anything for their wrinkles. While Jennifer really wanted to try out the trial formula of Revita Derma, Nelly was skeptic and thus wanted us to do a review since she couldn't find many trustworthy online.
Promising a gradual relief from wrinkles and plodding removal of fine lines among other signs of aging, Revita Derma states that it will bring your dreams to life if you have hopes of a wrinkle free appearance. Find out as we screen every aspect of this exclusively online anti-aging miracle.
What is Revita Derma?
Revita Derma is a wrinkle reversing topical cream that helps in thwarting the stress and impact of aging. It helps in relieving the causes that trigger aging while lightening the visibility of these signs such as fine lines, expression lines, dark patches or dull-dark spots caused by photoaging, smile wrinkles, sagging skin, etc.
Benefits Revita Derma promises:
- Skin Repair (it restores the natural balance of the skin cells and initiates healthier rejuvenation so they can multiply and maintain skin flexibility)
- Moisture Retention (Skin usually loses moisture with time and the ability to maintain hydration balance degrades with age however the cream enables better retention)
- Skin protection (Antioxidants are necessary to any anti-aging formulation since they help in boosting natural immunity against free radical cells)
- Reduced Stress (Climatic changes and internal factors put strain on the skin cells but the cream relieves this strain by soothing the skin surface and internal layers)
- Strengthened connective tissue (By functioning at cellular level, Revita Derma fortifies aging defense)
The ingredients focus on amplifying healthier skin repair mechanism by limiting skin's exposure to certain internal and external factors. These factors include extreme climatic changes along with free radical cells that grow on their own due to aging.
Revita Derma promises to inhibit the damage by boosting natural development of the skin cells and their defense mechanism.
How to use? What skin type is it for?
Revita Derma for daily morning and evening application. Use the cream first thing in morning after cleansing your face. Make sure that you use a cleanser that works on your skin type.
While the website claims that Revita Derma is for all skin types, we suggest that women with acne prone skin type try a patch test before they use it.
Women with dry, normal and combination skin type are more suitable for Revita Derma.
What can you expect?
Revita Derma focuses primarily on visible areas of aging such as the wrinkles. It also works on internal signs of aging like moisture imbalance, dermal structure strength, etc but it primarily maintains a strong connective tissue and optimum levels of collagen. You can expect these results:
- Lowered visibility, extent, depth and density of wrinkles
- Better collagen production
- Lightened dark circles
- Much younger skin through brightened and even radiance
- Improved hydration of the skin
# Revita Derma results might vary based on the how extensive the wrinkles are and other associated factors like smoking (regular smokers get aging signs fast and show reduced improvement).
What are the ingredients? How does it work?
Revita Derma works through its combination of peptides which work intensely to trigger skin repair.
Peptides have been making rounds in the anti-aging industry for quite some time. Smaller chain of amino acids, Peptides are really beneficial for the skin as they enable stronger preservation of the collagen levels. Most products on the anti-aging market forget to address this central cause of aging: Collagen depletion. But there are several sides to the matter. Some products only restoration enough collagen levels to boost elasticity as long as the product is applied while some focus on protecting the depletion but do nothing for initiating more secretion.
However, Revita Derma takes care of these as it
- Improves collagen preservation by initiating blockage of inflammation within the fibroblasts
- Prevention of collagen depletion by enhancement of cellular walls and immunity
Revita Derma not only prevents the loss of elasticity developing components (Collagen, elastin, etc) but also keeps their natural secretion levels high.
Is there any non-sponsored research that backs Revita Derma?
We looked extensively for research on ingredients contained in the product and studies on the product itself but we didn't find satisfactory results for the latter.
However, we found numerous studies on the peptides that seem to be a favorite in the anti-aging community as many online forums that discuss ingredients and cosmetics products have positive reviews for them. The studies we found also showed a direct correlation between skin elasticity and peptide application.
Going by the research on peptides, it is safe to say that Revita Derma makes suitable claims for inhibiting aging damage.
What about the side effects?
This is going to amuse you as it amused us: Revita Derma has no side effects!
We won't lie or sugarcoat this but we have reviewed hundreds of products that had leftover ingredients or ingredients that pharmaceutical companies couldn't get approved for dietary intake but Revita Derma is really what it promises.
Like we said before, the website is not user friendly and doesn't really provide comprehensive information so digging up the label and checking all studies was a hard task for us. We also rounded up all the reviews we found online and we spoke with almost 12 of these review writers. All of them confirmed having used it with a soft copy of a purchase receipt. Based on their experience, it is safe to say that Revita Derma works and has no side effects.
Is it recommended?
Jennifer and Nelly, if you are reading, yes and other women wondering whether you should get a bottle of Revita Derma or not: Definitely.
We don't have a reason to not suggest Revita Derma because it functions exactly the way it promises and it doesn't have anything to be worried about which makes it a safe anti-aging investment. If it's the cost the concerns you then you can try the trial option which is pretty fast and effective.


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Audrey Brooke Jackson Color Block Satchel
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Item # 241122
Audrey Brooke is a brand known for trendy styles with fresh design elements. The Jackson color block satchel is a winner indeed with luxe materials and a bold look.
- Genuine leather satchel
- Two compartments with top zip closures
- Rolled handles with 9" drop
- Detachable logo keychain
- Front and back snap pockets and side slip pockets
- Fabric lining with zip pocket and two slip pockets
- Dimensions: 14" x 5" x 11"
- Imported
By: comfortshoehunter
Location: nj
April 11, 2015
Wonderful bag
"This bag is great! I've been using it for years. I got the black and white colored. It goes with everything! So happy I purchased this. And it is genuine leather too, the price was awesome!"
By: Milaa
Location: Austin, TX
October 13, 2012
"Love the bag! Looks greats and many places for me to organize items so they are not just all mix together. Buy one for my mother too!"
By: Girlonthego
Location: East Troy, WI
June 30, 2012
Lemon Yellow & Tan!
"All the reviews are true. Nice design. Good quality. Roomy. I can tote it along or carry it on my shoulder. The bag is divided into two large zipper compartments that keep things nice and secure. Inside one of the large compartments is an additional small zippered pocket. The other side has 2 small open pockets. There are two roomy pouches on the outer sides of the bag - great for the cell phone and car keys. Nice zipper pulls. All this and leather too! What a great deal. I agree the blue & green combo is fabulous. And love the pink and orange too. I ordered the blu/grn combo first, but I didn't feel brave enough to carry these bold colors all the time, and unlike shoes, I don't like to switch my bag out too often. I re-ordered the pale yellow. The bag I received is not pale yellow. It is a bright lemon yellow! Very pretty. So, it wasn't quite what I was expecting color-wise, but it is a cheerful happy bag. All-in-all a good choice for me - stylish but not too loud."
By: gladiator
Location: chapel hill
May 26, 2012
Audrey Brooke Jackson Color Block Satchel
"nice purse, good quality, great color (blue/green), would buy it again!"
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ProMark Jeff Moore JM17R Soft Vibraphone Mallet
ProMark Jeff Moore JM17R Soft Vibraphone Mallet
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Milan amphitheatre
The Milan amphitheatre was a Roman amphitheatre in the ancient city of Mediolanum, the modern Milan in northern Italy.
The amphitheatre was built near the Porta Ticinese ("Ticino Gate") in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD when Mediolanum grew as economical and political importance while Rome declined. It remained in use until the city was one of the capitals of the Western Roman Empire (4th or 5th centuries). Later it was abandoned after Christianity imposed an end to arena games, but also as, in the wake of the imperial crisis, animals to be used in the amphitheatre were no longer imported. It became a quarry for construction stones as early as the 4th century AD, when the Basilica of San Lorenzo was built.
The edifice was demolished during a Barbarian attack on Milan, as it was located outside the walls and could therefore be used as stronghold by the attackers. The date of the event is uncertain, however: it could be 402, during the Visigothic invasion of Italy, or in 452, when northern Italy was ravaged by Attila, or during the Gothic Wars (6th century).
The scanty remains of the amphitheatre have, however, allowed the archaeologists to calculate that it was 129.5 metres (425 ft) long and 109.3 metres (359 ft) wide.[1] The arena measured 71 by 41 metres (233 ft × 135 ft).
- ^ Herbert W. Benario, "Amphitheatres of the Roman World" The Classical Journal 76.3 (February 1981:255-258), measurements as given p. 257; it was not, as is sometimes claimed, the third largest in the world after the Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome and the vast amphitheatre in Capua.
- Ceresa Mori, Anna (1985). La basilica di San Lorenzo a Milano.
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 45°27′26.74″N 9°10′43.44″E / 45.4574278°N 9.1787333°E


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Braveheart (1995)
When his secret bride is executed for assaulting an English soldier who tried to rape her, Sir William Wallace begins a revolt against King Edward I of England. (178 mins.)
Director: Mel Gibson
" Primeiro filme que vi mais de 1 vez no cinema. " - antoniocleofas
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Stars: Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum, Mary McDonnell
Fearless (2006)
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Dances with Wolves (1990)
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Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
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Kiss of the Dragon (2001)
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Amélie (2001)
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A Time to Kill (1996)
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We Were Soldiers (2002)
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Stars: Mel Gibson, Madeleine Stowe, Greg Kinnear, Sam Elliott
Serenity (2005)
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Stars: Nathan Fillion, Gina Torres, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Alan Tudyk
The Exorcist (1973)
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Stars: Ellen Burstyn, Max von Sydow, Linda Blair, Lee J. Cobb
Princess Mononoke (1997)
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Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)
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Stars: Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton, William Sadler
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Million Dollar Baby (2004)
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Director: Clint Eastwood
Stars: Hilary Swank, Clint Eastwood, Morgan Freeman, Jay Baruchel
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Enemy at the Gates (2001)
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Rocky (1976)
Rocky Balboa, a small-time boxer, gets a supremely rare chance to fight heavy-weight champion Apollo Creed in a bout in which he strives to go the distance for his self-respect. (120 mins.)
Director: John G. Avildsen
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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
When Dr. Henry Jones Sr. suddenly goes missing while pursuing the Holy Grail, eminent archaeologist Indiana Jones must follow in his father's footsteps and stop the Nazis. (127 mins.)
Stars: Harrison Ford, Sean Connery, Alison Doody, Denholm Elliott
Shrek (2001)
After his swamp is filled with magical creatures, Shrek agrees to rescue Princess Fiona for a villainous lord in order to get his land back. (90 mins.)
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Crank (2006)
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From Dusk Till Dawn (1996)
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Dead Poets Society (1989)
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The Last Samurai (2003)
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Stars: Tom Cruise, Ken Watanabe, Billy Connolly, William Atherton
Dracula (1992)
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Stars: Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder, Anthony Hopkins, Keanu Reeves
Ice Age (2002)
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Bad Boys (1995)
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Stars: Will Smith, Martin Lawrence, Lisa Boyle, Michael Taliferro
A Knight's Tale (2001)
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Stars: Heath Ledger, Mark Addy, Rufus Sewell, Shannyn Sossamon
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Director: James L. Brooks
Stars: Jack Nicholson, Helen Hunt, Greg Kinnear, Cuba Gooding Jr.
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A veteran policeman, Murtaugh, is partnered with a younger, suicidal officer, Riggs. They both have one thing in common: hating working in pairs. Now they must learn to work with one another to stop a gang of drug smugglers. (110 mins.)
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Stars: Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Gary Busey, Mitchell Ryan
Hero (2002)
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Director: Yimou Zhang
Stars: Jet Li, Tony Leung Chiu-Wai, Maggie Cheung, Ziyi Zhang
Elite Squad (2007)
1997, Captain Nascimento has to find a substitute for his occupation while trying to take down drug dealers and criminals before the Pope comes to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (115 mins.)
Director: José Padilha
Stars: Wagner Moura, André Ramiro, Caio Junqueira, Milhem Cortaz
Ben-Hur (1959)
When a Jewish prince is betrayed and sent into slavery by a Roman friend, he regains his freedom and comes back for revenge. (212 mins.)
Director: William Wyler
Stars: Charlton Heston, Jack Hawkins, Stephen Boyd, Haya Harareet
The Name of the Rose (1986)
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Director: Jean-Jacques Annaud
John Q (2002)
John Quincy Archibald takes a hospital emergency room hostage when his insurance won't cover his son's heart transplant. (116 mins.)
Director: Nick Cassavetes
The Bone Collector (1999)
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Director: Phillip Noyce
La Femme Nikita (1990)
Convicted felon Nikita, instead of going to jail, is given a new identity and trained, stylishly, as a top secret spy/assassin. (117 mins.)
Director: Luc Besson
Lethal Weapon 4 (1998)
With personal crises and age weighing in on them, LAPD officers Riggs and Murtaugh must contend with a deadly Chinese crimelord trying to get his brother out of prison. (127 mins.)
Director: Richard Donner
Stars: Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Rene Russo
Bicentennial Man (1999)
An android endeavors to become human as he gradually acquires emotions. (132 mins.)
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Stars: Robin Williams, Embeth Davidtz, Sam Neill, Oliver Platt
Pulp Fiction (1994)
The lives of two mob hit men, a boxer, a gangster's wife, and a pair of diner bandits intertwine in four tales of violence and redemption. (154 mins.)
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The Notebook (2004)
A poor yet passionate young man falls in love with a rich young woman, giving her a sense of freedom, but they are soon separated because of their social differences. (123 mins.)
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Stars: Gena Rowlands, James Garner, Rachel McAdams, Ryan Gosling
Forrest Gump (1994)
Forrest Gump, while not intelligent, has accidentally been present at many historic moments, but his true love, Jenny Curran, eludes him. (142 mins.)
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Stars: Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Sally Field
Requiem for a Dream (2000)
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Schindler's List (1993)
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Stars: Liam Neeson, Ralph Fiennes, Ben Kingsley, Caroline Goodall
Léon: The Professional (1994)
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Stars: Jean Reno, Gary Oldman, Natalie Portman, Danny Aiello
Snatch (2000)
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Stars: Jason Statham, Brad Pitt, Benicio Del Toro, Dennis Farina
Gladiator (2000)
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Director: Ridley Scott
Oldboy (2003)
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Director: Chan-wook Park
Stars: Min-sik Choi, Ji-tae Yu, Hye-jeong Kang, Dae-han Ji
Heat (1995)
A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist. (170 mins.)
Director: Michael Mann
Stars: Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Val Kilmer, Jon Voight
The Sixth Sense (1999)
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L.A. Confidential (1997)
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Stars: Kevin Spacey, Russell Crowe, Guy Pearce, Kim Basinger
Platoon (1986)
A young recruit in Vietnam faces a moral crisis when confronted with the horrors of war and the duality of man. (120 mins.)
Director: Oliver Stone
Stars: Charlie Sheen, Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, Keith David
Ratatouille (2007)
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Director: Brad Bird, Jan Pinkava
Stars: Brad Garrett, Lou Romano, Patton Oswalt, Ian Holm
Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)
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The Truman Show (1998)
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Director: Peter Weir
Stars: Jim Carrey, Ed Harris, Laura Linney, Noah Emmerich
Fight Club (1999)
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Stars: Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Meat Loaf, Zach Grenier
Se7en (1995)
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Director: David Fincher
I Am Sam (2001)
A mentally handicapped man fights for custody of his 7-year-old daughter, and in the process teaches his cold hearted lawyer the value of love and family. (132 mins.)
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Stars: Sean Penn, Michelle Pfeiffer, Dakota Fanning, Dianne Wiest
A Bug's Life (1998)
A misfit ant, looking for "warriors" to save his colony from greedy grasshoppers, recruits a group of bugs that turn out to be an inept circus troupe. (95 mins.)
Director: John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton
The Green Mile (1999)
The lives of guards on Death Row are affected by one of their charges: a black man accused of child murder and rape, yet who has a mysterious gift. (189 mins.)
Director: Frank Darabont
Stars: Tom Hanks, Michael Clarke Duncan, David Morse, Bonnie Hunt
Chocolate (2008)
An autistic girl with powerful martial art skills looks to settle her ailing mother's debts by seeking out the ruthless gangs that owe her family money. (110 mins.)
Director: Prachya Pinkaew
Aftershock (2010)
The epic story of a family separated as a result of the Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976. (135 mins.)
Director: Xiaogang Feng
Stars: Daoming Chen, Yi Lu, Fan Xu, Jingchu Zhang
Inception (2010)
A thief, who steals corporate secrets through use of dream-sharing technology, is given the inverse task of planting an idea into the mind of a CEO. (148 mins.)
Director: Christopher Nolan
Inglourious Basterds (2009)
In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same. (153 mins.)
Director: Quentin Tarantino
Stars: Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Eli Roth, Mélanie Laurent
Avatar (2009)
A paraplegic marine dispatched to the moon Pandora on a unique mission becomes torn between following his orders and protecting the world he feels is his home. (162 mins.)
Director: James Cameron
The Hangover (2009)
Three buddies wake up from a bachelor party in Las Vegas, with no memory of the previous night and the bachelor missing. They make their way around the city in order to find their friend before his wedding. (100 mins.)
Director: Todd Phillips
Stars: Zach Galifianakis, Bradley Cooper, Justin Bartha, Ed Helms
Kick-Ass (2010)
Dave Lizewski is an unnoticed high school student and comic book fan who one day decides to become a superhero, even though he has no powers, training or meaningful reason to do so. (117 mins.)
Director: Matthew Vaughn
Watchmen (2009)
In 1985 where former superheroes exist, the murder of a colleague sends active vigilante Rorschach into his own sprawling investigation, uncovering something that could completely change the course of history as we know it. (162 mins.)
Director: Zack Snyder
The King's Speech (2010)
The story of King George VI of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, his impromptu ascension to the throne and the speech therapist who helped the unsure monarch become worthy of it. (118 mins.)
Director: Tom Hooper
Zombieland (2009)
A shy student trying to reach his family in Ohio, a gun-toting tough guy trying to find the last Twinkie, and a pair of sisters trying to get to an amusement park join forces to travel across a zombie-filled America. (88 mins.)
Director: Ruben Fleischer
Toy Story 3 (2010)
The toys are mistakenly delivered to a day-care center instead of the attic right before Andy leaves for college, and it's up to Woody to convince the other toys that they weren't abandoned and to return home. (103 mins.)
Director: Lee Unkrich
Stars: Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Joan Cusack, Ned Beatty


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