text:
Tears All Round-A Romeo and Juliet song
So how do I count my sins?
I woke up today
Dragged thse broken arms and legs
I've been looking for addmiration
Got caught up along the way
And you told me before I left,
Romeo don't you drink that poison till your death
Well I'm afraid my dear narrator that I can keep no such promise
I've even tried with this broken hearted mess
So while you sleep alone tonight,
With skin that is pale white
I'll be crying till that morning light
Remember the place that ran deep in my bones
And well Lady Capulet hunts
All I will see is villager's stones?
On a street that felt familiar once.
And I seem to have this lovley capability
To mess up all that is good to me
And I swear I won't be satisfied,
Till I kill myself by dawn
(Till I kill myself by dawn)
So while you sleep alone tonight,
With skin that is pale white
I'll be crying till that morning light
And I don't think I'll regret a word I say
When I see your dazed eyes open someway
Cause the sad truth is I may not want to live to see another day
I will try again
I will try to fix and mend
I will try again, I'll try again
So while you sleep alone tonight,
With skin that is pale white
I'll be crying till that morning light
And I don't think I'll regret a word I say
When I see your dazed eyes open someway
Cause the sad truth is I may not want to live to see another day
So while you sleep alone tonight,
With skin that is pale white
With skin that is pale white
I'll be crying till that morning light
© Copyright 2017 forbidden secrets . All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Song Lyrics
This is really good! I don't think I can find fault with it! :D
Absolutely Loved it! actually i was promoting my stuff here on Booksie and happened to reach your post. Thank god! i did, because this is beautifully written and crafted well with blended emotions of tear and joy...Keep the stuff rolling..
So... I went on Youtube and searched the song and read the lyrics with the music's tone and the singer's voice, as if he was reading it. =P Great job! I think that you synchronized it so well that it's amazing anyone could have ever done such a thing! I find that you're great at anything literature-wise! You must have a high grade in English. =P Unless you're like me and people can't get that you can write books, but you can't write short, little essays, so your teacher always asks you, when you turn in an overly-long 5-page essay if you want to be a writer someday. =P (Yes, it's happened before. -.- Everyone struggles with reaching a page, I struggle with STICKING to two pages and a half. =P) Either way, this was great and related extremely well to the story! It was just too amazing to even be criticized on it! =] Spotless and gleaming, so great job! =D
I'm glad I synchronized it well! The night I was writing these lyrics I had to replay the song over and over. Plus read a few lines from Romeo & Juliet to make sure the feelings were acturate. Actually my grade in English is resonable since all we have written so far is an essay. Which for some reason I can't write essays for the life of me. I can analyze books and stories just fine but when it comes to actually writing an essay I tank. I understand about reaching a certain amount of pages. I just had to write an essay and it barely skimmed 2 pages. Too amazing to be critcized on? Wow that's a new one I haven't heard before. I'm so happy you liked it! :)
This is soo good!! I luv this soo much!! It sounds very mystical and romantic at the same time. Just my cup of tea :)
It also sounds very natural and calming. I luv books like romeo and juliet, but lots of people in my school hate them and cannot understand the words. I'm like, HELLOOOO??!! How can you not like this!! Pssshh well guess they are just immature little kids that's all :) - Jamile
Awh thank you so much! Actually I think this is one of my better poetic pieces. Normally when I write poetry turns out to be crap. Oh my gosh I loved the play too! People at my school don't particularly hate them nor like them. But as you said a lot of people at my school cannot understand the words. We read Macbeth this year and most people didn't like having to analyze what the words meant. I know I don't get it either! Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers of ALL time! How can they not love his writing, but anyways they all must be immature little kids as you pointed out. Also thank you for your comment/feedback! :)
Essay / Memoir
Book / Young Adult
Miscellaneous / Other
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Real Estate in Hayward, CA
Hayward is located in California. Hayward, California has a population of 145,165. Hayward is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 34.8% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 36.63%.
The median household income in Hayward, California is $62,313. The median household income for the surrounding county is $71,516 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Hayward is 33.5 years.
Hayward Environment
The average high temperature in July is 71 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 42 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 18 inches per year, with 0 inches of snow per year.
Hayward Map
Hayward Real Estate offices
Real Estate near Hayward
Nearby Cities
Nearby Cities Homes for Sale


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Yingbinyuan Hotel Linglong Road
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
Travelers also recommend:
TripAdvisor Reviews Yingbinyuan Hotel Linglong Road Chengdu
Travel Blogs from Chengdu
Guilin to Chengdu
... suit said "hello" and smiled. Guilin is a very pretty city to visit and worth the effort to get here. The combination of lime stone rock hills and water is an amazing backdrop to a small but bustling city. Now we are all downstairs I the lobby, awaiting the cattle call to load into the bus for lunch. It has been a great stay, so far. Quick update. (It is now the following day, we have had a long day, tired but want to finish the blog ...
Go outdoors!
It was definitely a day of catching up with sleep, we slept in till 11 and then had lunch at the hostel which was really nice. We had decided to climb a mountain this weekend so we agreed we would need a bigger bag, therefore our afternoon consisted of going up and down on the subway looking for a bag and Leigh enjoying the fact we were in shops like 'go outdoors' (he loves go outdoors). We ended up getting lost at one point but with some hand gestures from strangers on ...
The Metamorphosis Begins (Chengdu)
... a car and don't want to take a bus every 5
minutes. At school on Friday, one of my students asked me if I would hang out with her and some other students this weekend. Her name is Yadadsj Hskfjskjs Jdkjsf Hsjfsj, or something like that (her name really is 4 words!!!). Because her name is quite impossible for me to get down, I call her by her English name--Clancy. She has asked me all semester if we could hang out and talk because she wants to practice her English, so ...
A Perfect Dazu Tour Disaster
... us at the end of the tour. Seriously, this was unbelievable. And yes, you guessed it right - this new guide did not speak any English either. We swear we were chosen for one of those funniest shows today where they see how you react in a bad situation. And if we were, we should get a medal for our patience and tolerance. But no one approached us afterward to debrief us. Oh well.
So the French couple and us decided to explore on our own. ...
The Great Wall of China (pun intended)
I'm not sure if you picked up on it on my last blog because I just slightly hinted at it; but the last few weeks in China have not exactly been rainbows and butterflies. Week 5 (this is now week 7) seemed to mark the end of the honeymoon phase for our group. Although it was subtle, it was there. Instead of laughing off the challenges and bravely trying new things, people responded with frustration. Everyone was really stressed because they were taking an ...


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DIY city= self-empowerment. We have to become the change we wish to see. Frankly, my guess is that the age of the single career is pretty much kaput and people will be taking several odd and part-time jobs, which they might enjoy quite a bit more (variety, getting hands dirty, etc) rather than pushing paper in an office.
The city could be an open platform that connected citizen service-providers and problem-solvers with opportunities to serve. There would be a transparent database of needs of the community, and instruction or guidance on ways to help that situation. SeeClickFix is an excellent model of capturing and making needs transparent from which to build. Cities would extend this to include matching people with particular skills and availability with the right cause. For example, if there is a family that is struggling to care for its children while parents are working, other parents can offer to babysit for the hours needed. If there is a pothole reported, someone from the city can go fix it and report back. Tasks are also tagged related to required skills or experience.
So, there could be physical requirements (strength) and intellectual requirements (marketing) that help direct citizens towards the right kinds of tasks. There could also be an exchange or "trade" for services—e.g. trade babysitting for dog walking, plumbing for legal advice. The platform would go far beyond traditional city services, as this exchange and participation could become a way of life. Ultimately all citizens would have a complete and growing profile of their skills, experience, and contributions in a Facebook-like citizen social network paired with opportunity matching.
The people behind SeeClickFix asked me to put their link on my blog, while I like the idea, seeing that they are already tied to the DMN, I'm not sure my blog would reach that many more people.


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Catch Moneoa, Flavour ft Fally Ipupa, Miguel, Zeus ft. Tumi & AKA, Nicki Minaj, E.M.E. and DJ Tira ft Mampintsha today.
Channel O brings you the newest music videos on the continent on Crispy Fresh.
On Crispy Fresh today catch DJ Tira – 4000, Moneoa – Pretty Disaster, Zeus ft. AKA & Tumi – Dats Wassup, Flavour ft. Fally Ipupa – Kwarikwa Remix, Miguel – Adorn, E.M.E. – Get Down Tonight, Nicki Minaj – Pound The Alarm.
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Join The Conversation
Around The Web
Mincemeat pie from Liliha Bakery in Honolulu, although at $13 a pie, maybe Sarah Lee isn't looking so bad!
I made some amazing malt ball cookies. :)
Red velvet cake, carrot cake, and sweet potato pie!
I like apple crisp...one of mom's specials.
diet coke!! haha just kiding but I don't eat pie!
I look forward to pumpkin pie every year, but we also make a great apple cranberry pie that's a must-have.
I voted Apple Pie, I have never celebrated a thanksgiving dinner, or tasted the Thanksgiving specialties because I am not from the USA, but I just love a good old fashioned style home made apple pie!!!
Mom's leche flan, or banana chocolate brioche bread pudding. I found the same recipe that they make at Fog City Diner in SF.
cheesecake of any kind w/ the above mentioned flavors... mmmm
Pumpkin Custard Pie ... by Mrs Smith's, lol.
Sweet Potato Pie. I cannot wait to get my hands on one on Thursday!
I love cheesecake! And its a tradition at my aunt's that they always have chocolate pudding pie, yum!
mom's apple pie! and apple cake (she usually makes that one over the weekend that I am home for) :)
pumpkin pie is definitely number one, but a chocolatey derby pie is always good, and i do make a mean pumpkin-pecan pie (with a bourbon butter sauce. yum!) that brings the best of both worlds!
My signature pie is a cross between a classic pumpkin pie and a pumpkin cheesecake. It's got a hint of cheesecake to it, but it's not really a true cheesecake. It's the best of both worlds and is overwhelmingly delicious. mmm
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Browse By:
All Topics » Information Security » Risk management
Risk management (41 - 50 of 81 items)
Cybersecurity: Continued Federal Efforts Are Needed to Protect Critical Systems and Information
GAO-09-835T: Published: Jun 25, 2009. Publicly Released: Jun 25, 2009.
Federal laws and policy have assigned important roles and responsibilities to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for securing computer networks and systems. DHS is charged with coordinating the protection of computer-reliant critical infrastructure--much of which is owned by the private sector--and securing its own computer syste...
Information Security: Agencies Make Progress in Implementation of Requirements, but Significant Weaknesses Persist
GAO-09-701T: Published: May 19, 2009. Publicly Released: May 19, 2009.
Without proper safeguards, federal agencies' computer systems are vulnerable to intrusions by individuals and groups who have malicious intentions and can obtain sensitive information, commit fraud, disrupt operations, or launch attacks against other computer systems and networks. Concerned by reports of significant weaknesses in federal systems, Congress passed the Federal Information Security Ma...
Information Security: Cyber Threats and Vulnerabilities Place Federal Systems at Risk
GAO-09-661T: Published: May 5, 2009. Publicly Released: May 5, 2009.
Information security is a critical consideration for any organization that depends on information systems and computer networks to carry out its mission or business. It is especially important for government agencies, where maintaining the public's trust is essential. The need for a vigilant approach to information security has been demonstrated by the pervasive and sustained computerbased (cyber)...
Bureau of Public Debt: Areas for Improvement in Information Security Controls
GAO-09-633R: Published: Apr 28, 2009. Publicly Released: Apr 28, 2009.
In connection with fulfilling our requirement to audit the financial statements of the U.S. government, we audited and reported on the Schedules of Federal Debt Managed by the Bureau of the Public Debt (BPD) for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. As part of these audits, we performed a review of the general and application information security controls over key BPD financial syste...
Information Security: Securities and Exchange Commission Needs to Consistently Implement Effective Controls
GAO-09-203: Published: Mar 16, 2009. Publicly Released: Mar 16, 2009.
In carrying out its mission to ensure that securities markets are fair, orderly, and efficiently maintained, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) relies extensively on computerized systems. Effective information security controls are essential to ensure that SEC's financial and sensitive information is protected from inadvertent or deliberate misuse, disclosure, or destruction. As part of...
National Cybersecurity Strategy: Key Improvements Are Needed to Strengthen the Nation's Posture
GAO-09-432T: Published: Mar 10, 2009. Publicly Released: Mar 10, 2009.
Pervasive and sustained computerbased (cyber) attacks against federal and private-sector infrastructures pose a potentially devastating impact to systems and operations and the critical infrastructures that they support. To address these threats, President Bush issued a 2003 national strategy and related policy directives aimed at improving cybersecurity nationwide. Congress and the Executive Bran...
Information Security: Continued Efforts Needed to Address Significant Weaknesses at IRS
GAO-09-136: Published: Jan 9, 2009. Publicly Released: Jan 9, 2009.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) relies extensively on computerized systems to carry out its demanding responsibilities to collect taxes (about $2.7 trillion in fiscal years 2008 and 2007), process tax returns, and enforce the nation's tax laws. Effective information security controls are essential to protect financial and taxpayer information from inadvertent or deliberate misuse, improper disc...
Information Security: Actions Needed to Better Protect Los Alamos National Laboratory's Unclassified Computer Network
GAO-08-1001: Published: Sep 9, 2008. Publicly Released: Sep 26, 2008.
The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), which is operated by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), has experienced security lapses protecting information on its unclassified computer network. The unclassified network contains sensitive information. GAO (1) assessed the effectiveness of the security controls LANL has in place to protect information transmitted over its unclassifie...
Nuclear Security: Los Alamos National Laboratory Faces Challenges In Sustaining Physical and Cyber Security Improvements
GAO-08-1180T: Published: Sep 25, 2008. Publicly Released: Sep 25, 2008.
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is one of three National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) laboratories that designs and develops nuclear weapons for the U.S. stockpile. LANL employees rely on sensitive and classified information and assets that are protected at different levels, depending on the risks posed if they were lost, stolen, or otherwise compromised. However, LANL has experien...
Critical Infrastructure Protection: DHS Needs to Better Address Its Cybersecurity Responsibilities
GAO-08-1157T: Published: Sep 16, 2008. Publicly Released: Sep 16, 2008.
Recent cyber attacks demonstrate the potentially devastating impact these pose to our nation's computer systems and to the federal operations and critical infrastructures that they support. They also highlight that we need to be vigilant against individuals and groups with malicious intent, such as criminals, terrorists, and nation-states perpetuating these attacks. Federal law and policy establis...


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Died & Went To Heaven. Size?
2 Attachment(s)
Been eyeing up all blk jk's with the different options of rims/tires. Knew what i wanted in my head, but never saw it.. That was until i got out of my ride and started raping this guy here!
Forget all the rims i thought "i" wanted, as this setup here is on my ASAP list!
However. Not Good with deciphering numbers as her size.
Can anyone tell me what size tire & rim set up this might be?
Ughhh.... Drool
Attachment 276468
Attachment 276469
Noticed discount tires has them. Just no clue as of the size set up this hottie is running
Level 8 strike 5, and goodyear duratracs. those look like 16's with no lift. so i'm guessing 285/75/16 duratracs on 16x? wheels
or 285/70/17 duratracs on 17x? wheels
yes, either 33's on 16's on 33's on 17's.
Those are 285/70/17's which are pretty much 33" tires with 17" wheels
^haha yes they are...I just zoomed in on my iphone. I was limited to my work computer earlier.
Thank you!!! I really thought they were 16s...
I'm so frustrated because I continue to get "These will not fit your vehicle" warning!!! Trying to price out the best deal for 5 of both. (Wheel & tire) ... Every website I go to, nothing is coming up in the sizes. I'm extremely ignorant with all these numbers and my head hurts
They should fit without any lift. If anything get the teraflex leveling kit(spacers) for $130 an you'll be fine. Just make sure your wheels have 4.5" of backspacing or less or get spacers
i went offroading in stock form and with 285/70/17's (same tire size as the one pictured). Just don't disconnect (or you'll rub ur fenders) and your good to go.
Skip the websites and start a conversation with the Discount Tire Direct rep on the forum. DTD will get it set up for you. You get a forum discount from them (plus any rebates, if they exist).
direct IM "Discount Tire"
285/70/17s should be, more or less, be ok but a leveling kit would be better. If you just want to mount em and forget em, best not to use spacers as they need attention to make sure they stay safe/solid.
Hey Jenygirl,
Glad you like my truck! I recognize that mud anywhere!
Black wheels on a black Jeep is too bland for my taste. I went for some contrast instead.
285/70/17 Duratracs on Level 8 Strikes 17x9 with 0 offset ( 5" backspace ) no lift yet. She's barely a month old! TF 1.5" performance leveling kit on the short list!
Took the Jeep to Wharton State Forest on Monday to try them out. Love'em so far.
But how hysterical. He hadn't heard of those rims and when he looked them up he agreed. Totally sharp looking. Exactly what I want!
This is hysterical
The Performance Leveling Kit, which is on the jeep you're admiring, doesn't use spacers, it's a coil lift so there really isnt the same kind of 'maintenance' that would come with the puck spacers - just your typical make sure they are installed correctly and keep em clean and rust free kind of stuff. They are more expensive though, as in $270 more expensive.
slapmypc, I work in Jackson, haven't seen you unfortunately bc that is the exact wheel/tire size I wanna go with and really wanna see what it looks like in person lol
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Baked Lima Beans
|3 Teaspoon
|All purpose flour
|3 Teaspoon
|Skim milk
|1 1⁄4 Cup (20 tbs)
|Lima beans
|3 1⁄2 Cup (56 tbs), cooked
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs), very finely chopped
|2 , well beaten
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Black pepper
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|Dry bread crumbs
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
Melt margarine in a skillet; stir in the flour and gradually add the milk.
Over low heat, cook and stir until thickened.
Combine milk sauce and lima beans in food processor or bowl; whip until pureed.
Add onion, eggs, salt, and pepper; stir to blend.
Transfer to a well-greased baking dish.
Sprinkle with bread crumbs.
Bake at 375°F (175°C) for 20 to 25 minutes.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1153 Calories from Fat 254
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 29 g44.2%
Saturated Fat 7 g35.1%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 428.8 mg142.9%
Sodium 1494.4 mg62.3%
Total Carbohydrates 163 g54.3%
Dietary Fiber 29.8 g119.2%
Sugars 28.5 g
Protein 66 g131%
Vitamin A 43.7% Vitamin C 226.7%
Calcium 66.7% Iron 119%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Articles tagged with: the fam
Hey girls hey (and boys). Been a while, eh what?
MASTAS loves dad-rock!
I'm getting married this summer. I'm thrilled to be marrying my favorite person after eight years together and if I were the sole decision-maker in the relationship, we would simply go to the clerk of …
There's a little Broadway and a little rage as we talk about "I Don't Know How To Love Him."
I have a 21-year-old daughter, who is in her fourth year of college. The problem is she has tanked her last two semesters.
A short film co-starring Dirk Birthworthy.
Despite being a bit introverted and not particularly talkative, I usually don't have much trouble expressing myself. However, life has recently thrown me a curve that I didn't see coming and I'm not sure how …
Thanks, Doc.
This is a different letter than what you usually publish.
Why do you think baseball is losing its status as the National Pastime?
My husband snores. Kind of loudly, and kind of often.


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1. Party Rock Anthem, LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
2. Give Me Everything, Pitbull featuring Ne-Yo, AfroJack and Nayer
3. Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.), Katy Perry
4. Rolling in the Deep, Adele
5. Super Bass, Nicki Minaj
6. How to Love, Lil Wayne
7. The Edge of Glory, Lady Gaga
8. Good Life, OneRepublic
9. Tonight Tonight, Hot Chelle Rae
10. Skyscraper, Demi Lovato
Views expressed on programs shown on PAC8 do not necessarily reflect the views of the manager, staff, or board.
Friday, July 29, 2011
06:00 AM Democracy Now! – LIVE!
10:00 AM Democracy Now!
11:00 AM County Council Meeting Replay (7-11-11)
03:00 PM Start up Ceremony of the MW Turbine at the Abiquiu Hydroelctric Facility
04:00 PM The House of Yahwah
05:00 PM Democracy Now!
06:00 PM Los Alamos Historical Society-"Manhattan Project Memories"
07:30 PM Spirituality Today
08:00 PM Clear Heart, Pure Mind
Saturday, July 30, 2011
Sunday, July 31, 2011
LOS ANGELES — In a battle of summer movie heroes, Captain America topped Harry Potter this weekend at the box office.
Paramount Pictures' "Captain America: The First Avenger" opened at No. 1 with $65.8 million, according to Sunday studio estimates. The Marvel Comics superhero adventure sets up next summer's all-star blockbuster "The Avengers."
Warner Bros.' "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2," the eighth and final installment in the boy-wizard franchise, dropped to the second spot. It made just over $48 million in its second weekend for a domestic total of $274.1 million.
The Los Alamos Monitor has the inside scoop on what locals are reading. Otowi Station issued a current list of popular books for Los Alamos readers.
Lauryn Hill: Rohan Marley not father of sixth child
NEW YORK — After the birth of her sixth child, Lauryn Hill wants to clear up two things: Rohan Marley didn't abandon her while she was pregnant, and he's not the baby's father.
The blogosphere has been abuzz after word came last week that the reclusive Grammy winner had a baby boy. Marley, the father of her five other children, sent a message on Twitter "forwarding all well wishes to Ms. Hill on the birth of her new son." That tweet, along with pictures showing him in an embrace with another woman, created speculation.
R. Kelly out of hospital after surgery
Los Alamos County Library System has acquired AtoZ World Travel, a comprehensive, informative e-content travel database offering free and exclusive tourist and culture information on more than 150 of the top travel destinations in North America and around the globe.
Created by an international team of experienced and talented travel journalists and editors, AtoZ World Travel features more than two million words of city-specific content, as well as thousands of images.
Whether traipsing around Panama City or Paris, Ankara or Antwerp, or anywhere in between, AtoZ World Travel's intrepid writer-adventurers bring their points of view and expertise to candid glimpses of the globe and its people through extensive, colorful reporting.
Sid Hausman, author of "One Bullfrog" and "Cactus Critter Bash," will sign "Emus and Owlhoots," his new book filled with the music of the Old West, at Otowi Station Bookstore from 10 a.m.-noon Aug. 29. This event for all ages will also feature songs from the book.
"Emus and Owlhoots" features Handlebar Slim and his sidekick Washtub as radio cowboys, who bring those "thrilling days of yesteryear" to life again.
The book is a wacky, whimsical tale that revives the memory of a time when good guys chased the bad guys across the prairies of kids' imaginations, and of course the good guys always came out on top.
Spectacular sets, spectacular costumes, spectacular singing! "The Last Savage" at the Santa Fe Opera has truly been my favorite production this season. "The Last Savage" is sung in English, which struck me as unusual for opera, and refreshingly resembles a broadway musical. Best of all, "The Last Savage" is a comedy, full of hilarious moments that result in numerous belly laughs.
Once again, Missoula Children's Theatre has come to Los Alamos to work with 58 youth to bring Los Alamos "The Princess and the Pea."
Envision a kingdom of snow where the residents are winter wind workers, blizzard bringers, icicle sharpeners and snow smoothers, ruled by the Storm King and the Snow Queen. Add to that a prince looking for a proper princess to share the throne. Now imagine the princess and her friend the pea, living in a kingdom of green rolling hills and running rivers with her subjects, the flower gardeners, river runners, green shoot growers and tree barkers. Her parents, King Size and Queen Size, do all they can to keep things running smoothly.
Natural gas doesn't get enough respect.
Two reports – one on last winter's outage and another on the future of natural gas – make that clear.
This month independent investigator Michael Johnson verified that February's natural gas outage, which left 28,707 customers without heat during an arctic blast, unfolded the way New Mexico Gas Company said it did. Fancy that.
The company said at the time that freeze-outs in the Permian and San Juan natural gas basins, combined with rolling blackouts in Texas, kept producers and processing plants from delivering gas into pipelines and allowed pressure in the system to fall.
Copyright © 2017
The Los Alamos Monitor is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Los Alamos County and Los Alamos, NM, and the surrounding area.


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Free Music For Your Productions At Apple.com
Free Music For Your Productions At Apple.com
by , 10:00 AM EDT, October 17th, 2001
How does high-quality music for your web site or video production sound? Good, eh? Well, it is lurking quietly on your iDisk on Apple.com.
Open your iDisk at Apple.com, and look in Software/Mac OS X Software/Extras/FreePlay Music/ There you have it, lots of music, pop, techno, hard rock, "acid jazz," country...
There is little or no information from Apple that we can see (would it have been so hard to put in a ReadMe in the folder, Apple?), but a little research turns up that the music is from FreePlayMusic.com, which is a company with a seemingly strange business strategy: they give away their products for free. If you read their terms, you will see that the use of their music is free for personal use, and even for most commercial uses too! Apparently they plan to earn their money on royalties via Koda and other such agencies that collect royalties for musicians from radio stations and the like. (Which is why it is only free to use if there is some kind of broadcast involved, not just distribution on DVD, CD, or video tape.) From the company's FAQ:
1) Who can use FreePlay Music?
Anyone who produces programming or advertising for radio, television, satellite, wireless or Internet media is free to include FreePlay music in his or her production. Anyone producing any kind of Programming for personal, non-commercial uses may do so as well. A manufacturer or distributor of electronic hardware will, however, require a signed license before distributing FreePlay music on that hardware to consumers or to other businesses. A license will also be required by anyone who sells or licenses copies of FreePlay music to a third party.
We have listened to a few samples (starting with a personal weakness, hard rock), and it sounds good. It is generic instrumental "songs," and most of them short, but this is not your department store "muzak", it has bite and professionalism. Go get it.
The Mac Observer Spin:With Apple pushing Desktop Video production, availability of royalty-free music for the use of hobbyists and Web-based users is pretty important. By making the music available through iDisk, the company is making an outstanding effort to foster that market and provide its customers with a great service. We really just can't overstate the importance of this resource. Will this dethrone the pop music industry as we know it? Certainly not, but it will provide a way for people with limited or no budgets the ability to provide quality soundtracks to their Digital Video productions.
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3 displaced in attic fire at Va. Beach home
Three people were displaced from a fire Saturday night on Leland Circle in Virginia Beach, officials say.
Three people were displaced from a fire Saturday night on Leland Circle in Virginia Beach, officials say.
Two juveniles have been arrested in connection with six recent shootings, two of which resulted in fatalities.
The twin Saturday night bombings inflicted high casualties among police, killing 27 officers, as well as 2 civilians.
WASHINGTON (AP) — Donald Trump's presidential transition team on Saturday challenged the veracity of U.S. intelligence assessments that Russ…
The White House says President Barack Obama has ordered intelligence officials to carry out a "deep dive" into election-season cyberattacks.
Oscar Smith lost to Westfield in overtime of the 6A state championship Saturday evening, in a rematch of last season's epic.
Army defeated Navy 21-17 on Saturday in the annual matchup between the college football rivals.
A gunshot victim was found on Hayes Avenue Saturday evening in Virginia Beach.
After a courageous battle against cancer, Ben Goldberg, a friend of 10 On Your Side, has died.
Elizabeth City Police responded to a vehicle that struck a business on North Water Street on Saturday morning.
The funding will help communities with housing, infrastructure and jobs, says GOP Sen. Thom Tillis.
Norfolk police are investigating after someone was shot in the 500 block of East Little Creek Road Saturday afternoon.
A spokesperson for Franklin Emergency Services tells 10 On Your Side one patient was taken to a local hospital with minor injuries.
An industrial storage building in Newport News was heavily damaged overnight in a fire, officials say.
Hampton Fire Marshalls responded to a fully involved camper fire at the Bells Island Marina early Saturday morning.
David McCormack and Matt Coleman returned home on Friday night and the duo put on a show in Oak Hill's victory over Lake Taylor.
A final look ahead to Oscar Smith's 6A state title showdown against Westfield.
The man was seriously injured. He was taken to Sentara Norfolk General Hospital.
It's the Old Dominion Football Show with Bruce Rader and coach Bobby Wilder.
The donation follows a temporary suspension of the books in Accomack County schools after a parent complaint.


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Album Pure Fingers Live: St. Patrix 1993
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Released May 24, 1999
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are thought to be the most common developmental disabilities worldwide, and one of the few developmental disorders that are known to be completely preventable. While much research has focused on the dysmorphological and neurological features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), there is a critical gap in the literature with regard to our understanding of the nutritional and immunological mechanisms whereby postnatal growth and performance deficits in children affected by alcohol are initiated and subsequently persist throughout childhood, and therefore might be targets for postnatal intervention. Based on preliminary data from an ongoing clinical trial in Ukraine, conducted in a sample of moderate to heavy alcohol-consuming pregnant women, a multimicronutrient supplementation (multiple-vitamin-mineral supplement with or without additional choline) given during pregnancy is associated with a marked reduction of alcohol-related growth and neurocognitive deficits in infants at 6 and 12 months of age. These promising initial findings could have worldwide public health impact if demonstrated to persist. The primary goal of the current application is to investigate the persistence of the beneficial effects of multimicronutrient supplementation on growth and development through preschool age in an established longitudinal sample of children in Ukraine. Secondary goals of this application are to evaluate postnatal factors, including nutritional status of the child and marker of immune function and oxidative stress, that may contribute to persistent deficits among alcohol-exposed children in the context of prenatal nutritional factors. The proposed study will build on the strengths of an established Ukrainian cohort of well- characterized children, now between 2 and 5 years of age: a) to assess the impact of known prenatal alcohol exposure, with or without a past prenatal nutritional intervention, on the child's growth and neurobehavioral function through 5 years of age, and b) to determine the antecedents of an alcohol-affected child's postnatal nutritional and immunologic status and the contribution of this postnatal environment to persistent neurobehavioral and growth deficits.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are thought to be the most common developmental disabilities worldwide. The goal of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of prenatal vitamin supplements on growth and development of alcohol-exposed children through preschool age, and to examine the role of childhood nutrition in the growth and learning deficits seen in FASD. Findings of this study will help inform potential interventions for children with this disorder.
|Chambers, Christina D; Yevtushok, Lyubov; Zymak-Zakutnya, Natalya et al. (2014) Prevalence and predictors of maternal alcohol consumption in 2 regions of Ukraine. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 38:1012-9
|Uriu-Adams, Janet Y; Obican, Sarah G; Keen, Carl L (2013) Vitamin D and maternal and child health: overview and implications for dietary requirements. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 99:24-44


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IIFA 2012 News
Shahid Kapoor finally says yes to Prabhu Deva!
Not for the sequel to Salman Khan's Wanted, but to a brand new film
Not long ago, actor-choreographer-turned-director Prabhu Deva was chasing Shahid Kapoor for a sequel to his Salman Khan-starrer Wanted. He loved the actor's performance in Kaminey, and so got in touch with him. But Sasha was just not interested. Click here to read more
IIFA 2012: Why were the big stars not at the event?
Bollywood's most celebrated international awards show seems to have lost its fizz
The International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards, managed by Wizcraft Entertainment, was looked upon as 'the' event to bring home Bollywood to the entire world. Top billed B-town stars made their presence felt at the gala held in a different country each year. Click here to read more
IIFA Awards 2012: Ranbir Kapoor and Vidya Balan rule!
Ranbir Kapoor wins the best actor while Vidya Balan takes home best actress in a leading role. Check out the full winners' list
Bollywood heartthrob Ranbir Kapoor and actor Vidya Balan walked away with top honours for their films Rockstar and The Dirty Picture respectively at the 13th International Indian Film Academy awards (IIFA) in Singapore on Saturday. Click here to read more
Boman Irani: Indian film industry is a miracle in itself
The Ferrari Ki Sawaari actor shares his thoughts about being in films
Boman Irani started his acting career late in the day but has made a mark with every film that he has done. He has become an integral part of Bollywood and his latest Sharman Joshi-starrer Ferrari Ki Sawaari will be showcased at the IIFA awards this weekend. Click here to read more
Ranbir Kapoor is not interested in Nargis Fakhri any more!
The Rockstar actor gave a royal snub to his costar Nargis Fakhri at IIFA Singapore
Ranbir Kapoor is very particular about his public image these days. He just doesn't want to see or be seen with his alleged ex-flame Nargis Fakhri. After enjoying a warm friendship with Nargis while he was shooting for Imtiaz Ali's Rockstar and then bonding with her again during the promotions of the film, Ranbir is now behaving as if he doesn't know who the American import is. Click here to read more
Bipasha Basu looks stunning in a sari at IIFA
Instead of flaunting an international designer gown, the brand ambassador of the awards show chose to dress Indian on the first day of the two-day event
Bipasha Basu tweeted a photograph of her in a Shivan and Narresh sari, all set to walk the green carpet at the Indian International Academy Awards 2012 in Singapore. Click here to read more
Shahid Kapoor nervous about dancing to Kamal Haasan's songs at IIFA Awards 2012
Bollywood's dancing dude is all prepped up for the 13th International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards. Shahid is not only hosting the ceremony, but is also grooving to Prabhu Deva's choreography
According to the latest buzz, Shahid Kapoor will be dancing to some popular Tamil numbers at the IIFA Awards show in Singapore. Click here to read more
IIFA 2012: Shahid Kapoor, Prabhu Deva, Sonakshi Sinha, Bipasha to shake a leg
This year's International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA) is going to be one star studded affair and the list of performers is long
In addition to choreographing for Bipasha Basu, Sonakshi Sinha, Shahid Kapoor and many others, Prabhu Deva will be seen performing for the first time at the IIFA Awards. The choreographer-actor-director will be grooving to numbers from his upcoming flick, Rowdy Rathore. Click here to read more


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Horrible experience with Dr Lynn. He treated me very poorly, like if I was nothing., dismiss my. Issues like it was not important He is a very arrogant man. I will ... Read more
I do injectables with Dr. K she is very conservative! I really like that.
Very friendly doctor and staff. Really took the time to figure out a mystery that 4 previous doctors could not seem to identify. Thank you!
Davis is the best! And I've seen many dermatologists over the years. I wouldn't go to anyone else.
Amazing surgeon. I was referred by another Dermatologist for advanced recurring basal cell CA. Her knowledge, professionalism and state of the art treatment healed m... Read more
I feel like the Dr. is in and out and no connection. Took patient ahead of me that had missed his appt by 24 hours. Left another friend of mine in exam room for ... Read more
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Louise is positive, professional, and extremely smart. I would recommend her to anyone, whether for skin pathology, or cosmetic procedures. Her priority is healthy... Read more
She has been very good for me and my dad over the years. Runs a little late, but takes her time with you . I'm switching doctors because twice now what I've had a wo... Read more
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Evaluation Shortlist Hitachi Cables WirelessIP5000 One of the most popular SIP-based voice-over-wireless phones (www.wirelessip5000.com) SpectraLinks NetLink Wireless Telephones SpectraLink is the godfather of voice-over-wireless phones, but its not making as much noise with its SIP-based gear (www.spectralink.com)Technical Analyst Andrew Garcia can be reached at email@example.com. Check out eWEEK.coms for the latest news, views and analysis on voice over IP and telephony.
Zyxel Communications P-2000W v2 A surprisingly nice phone that looks good and roams well (www.zyxel.com)
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Cheez Doodles
Cheez Doodles are a cheese-flavored cheese puff produced by Wise Foods. Originally developed and manufactured by King Kone Corp. of the Bronx,[1] it became the prevalent cheese puff snack on the East Coast.
Cheez Doodles are a cheese-flavored cheese puff—similar to Frito-Lay's Cheetos—produced by Wise Foods.
The snack debuted several years after Frito-Lay's snack in the 1950s. Originally developed and manufactured by King Kone Corp. of the Bronx (owned and operated by Morrie Yohai),[1] it became the prevalent cheese puff snack on the East Coast. In the mid-1960s, the company (now known as Old London Foods) was acquired by Borden and assigned to the Wise potato chip division. In 1994, KKR & Co. acquired Borden; in 2000, Palladium Equity Partners purchased Wise Foods. Today, Wise Foods is owned by Arca Continental, S.A.B. de C.V., the second largest Coca-Cola bottler in Central and South America. Cheez Doodles remain one of the strongest brands marketed by Wise.
Like Cheetos, Cheez Doodles are produced in many varieties. Currently available and past varieties include:
- Cheez Doodles Puffed – the baked snack version
- Cheez Doodles Puffed White Cheddar – white cheddar puffed rather than yellow cheddar
- Cheez Doodles Puffed Balls – round puffed baked snacks
- Cheez Doodles Hot 'n Honey Cheese Flavored – puffed with honey and cheddar flavoring
- Cheez Doodles Honey BBQ & Cheese Flavored – puffed with barbecue sauce flavoring in addition to the cheddar (discontinued)
- Cheez Doodles Jalapeño Cheddar Poppers – puffed yellow cheddar with jalapeño flavoring (but no green coloring)
- Cheez Doodles Mac -n- Cheese – elbow pasta-shaped puffed snacks (discontinued)
- Star Spangled Doodles – puffed white cheddar with specks of red and blue (discontinued)
- Croc-o-Doodles – crocodile-shaped puffed snacks
- Cheez Doodles Crunchy – the hard, crunchy fried version
- Cheez Doodles White Cheddar Crunchy – white cheddar hard, crunchy rather than yellow cheddar (discontinued)
- Cheez Doodles Crunchy, Reduced Fat – lower fat version of the hard, crunchy
- Cheez Doodles Crunchy Hot & Tangy – mildly hot and tangy hard, crunchy irregular shaped crunchy snacks (discontinued)
- Cheez Doodles Crunchy Jalapeño Cheddar – partially cheddar covered hard, crunchy snacks with green specks (discontinued)
- Cheez Doodle-O's – circle-shaped hard, crunchy snacks
- Cheez Doodle Heads – face-shaped hard, crunchy snacks (discontinued)
- Cheez Doodles Cheese Flavored Potato Chips – potato chips with Cheez Doodle flavoring (discontinued)
Popular culture[edit]
|This article contains a list of miscellaneous information. (December 2016)
The snacks have recently entered pop culture as the preferred snack of ESPN NBA analyst Stephen A. Smith,[2] and are the favorite food of Lincoln Peirce's comic character Big Nate.
Cheez Doodles were also featured in two episodes of the HBO series How to Make It in America's first season.[3]
They are referred to in the 1991 video game Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge, as the food given to the pet lizard of the Scabb Island hotel keeper. Lead character Guybrush remarks "Cheez Doodles, one of my favorites" when you observe them and pick some up.
Cheez Doodles were briefly featured in the Grojband episode "Inn Err Face."
They also play a prominent role in George R. R. Martin's 1987 story "The Pear-Shaped Man" (published in Dreamsongs: A RRetrospective).[4]
In 2012, a Youtube video went viral featuring Aleksander Gamme, a Norwegian explorer who, while skiing to the pole, found a bag of Cheez doodles he had buried in the snow and forgotten about, becoming notable for the excitement he displayed after finding them.[5]
Cheez Doodles also appeared in some Big Nate books as Nate's favorite snack.
- ^ a b Hevesi, Dennis (2010-08-02). "Morrie Yohai, 90, the Man Behind Cheez Doodles, Is Dead". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "ESPN: Heckling Stephen A. Without Mercy". Deadspin.com. 2006-06-29. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "How To Make It In America: S 1 EP 05 Big In Japan: Synopsis". HBO. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "The Pear Shaped Man (Pulphouse Short Story Paperbacks #37)". Goodreads. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
- ^ "Basic needs – extreme happiness".


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Tennsco ESP Commercial Shelving UnitIndustrial & Commercial Shelving
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Naval history
|Additional Physical Format:
|Online version:
Howarth, Stephen.
Fighting ships of the Rising Sun.
New York : Atheneum, 1983
|Document Type:
|All Authors / Contributors:
Stephen Howarth
|0689114028 9780689114021
|OCLC Number:
|"Published in Great Britain under the title: Morning glory"--Title page verso.
|xii, 398 pages, [20] pages of plates : illustrations ; 25 cm
|pt. 1. The darkness before dawn 1853-1894 --
A new precedent ... inconceivably disastrous to mankind --
pt. 2. The sun rising 1894-1905. 'Slow to learn ... but very sure' --
'These bright dreams, these illusions' --
'A great feeling of exhilaration' --
'Allies, arms and intelligence' --
'The national pleasure of building ships' --
'Distant thunder ... death is near' --
'A collection of stage properties' --
'The day is fine, but the sea is high' --
pt. 3. Sun over the yard arm 1906-1920. 'Bellicose rumours' --
'To hold its own against any enemy' --
'Signal success' --
'Two formidable new powers' --
pt. 4. Eclipse 1921-1946. 'Pacific intentions' --
'Why should there be a war with Japan?' --
'Different ideas of peace' --
'Japan has never lost a war' --
'Clouds over the sea' --
pt. 5. Zenith 1937-1942. 'Dangerous toys' --
'Paddling against the rapids' --
'I shall run wild' --
'The proper application of overwhelming force' --
'The Imperial Navy takes this territory' --
'The enemy is unaware of our presence' --
pt. 6. The tropical twilight 1942-1945. 'These bright ministers of death' --
'Change target!' --
'Our chief objective is to kill the enemy' --
'I have grave news' --
'The fate of the Empire' --
'This proud success' --
'This ultimate assignment' --
'The fiercest serpent' --
Epilogue : The four seas in brotherhood. 'Grim reflections ... ominous of change' --
'Evening faces'.
|Stephen Howarth.
The Imperial Navy of Japan is the only world-class navy in history which had a definite beginning and an equally definite end, covering a span of nearly fifty-one years. Despite its brief life, the Imperial Navy rapidly achieved the status of the world's third greatest navy, and in its last years almost won an even higher position - but instead, in the final contest, lost everything -- [Pref.].
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Faculty Senate Leader Arrested at Tennessee State
August 21, 2012
Jane Davis, chair of the Faculty Senate at Tennessee State University, was arrested for disorderly conduct at a Senate meeting Monday, The Tennessean reported. Davis has clashed on a number of issues with the administration, and the university -- at a faculty member's suggestion -- recently surveyed professors on whether Davis should be ousted as chair. University officials said that, during a Senate meeting, Davis was disruptive by refusing to stop speaking in defense of her leadership, and in questioning the survey. Following her arrest, she was led from the meeting in handcuffs, and the Senate voted to remove her as chair -- a vote Davis said was not valid.
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48 hours with the Nintendo Switch
The new console is ambitious, but Nintendo still has to prove itself.
The Latest in Gaming
Initial thoughts on 'Zelda: Breath of the Wild'
I died 14 times already.
ZeniMax wants to stop Oculus from selling VR headsets
It wants to block the use of its code in Oculus' headsets... which could be all of them.
A newsletter a day keeps the FOMO at bay.
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Fancy a cup?
'Skullgirls' heads to iOS and Android this spring
Get your fighting-game fix on the go.
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AbleGamers are on a mission to make video games accessible to all.
It will cost $670 to get 90 percent of 2017's 'Hearthstone' cards
If you're just using real money, expect to pay over $200 more than last year.
In the NBA's eSports league, diversity means a new kind of athlete
"These athletes can be any shape or size, and any age, and from anywhere."
Nintendo Switch will launch without a Virtual Console
But at least gamers will be able to play "FAST RMX" and "Shovel Knight" on day one.
Bethesda shows the insane shape-shifting potential of 'Prey'
I'm a little teapot, short and stout.


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After this unit you should be able to answer following questions a. Concept Questions /Short notes Questions 1. Logistics 2. Logistical Management 3. Origin or genesis of Logistics 4. Military Logistics 5. Functions of logistics 6. Importance of logistics 7. Causes of bad logistics 8. Operating Objectives 9. Life cycle support 10. Reverse logistics 11. Commodities market 12. Supply Chain Management 13. Internal integration 14. External organization 15. 'Co-operation is better than competition' 16. Total Cost Approach 17. Logistical Competency 18. Logistical Mission 19. Role of planning in logistics management 20. Logistics interface with marketing 21. Inbound logistics 22. Outbound logistics 23. Importance of 3Cs D. Review all the past university question papers. You should be able to answer questions from the portion 'Overview of Logistics function' as described below 1. What is the meaning and concept of logistics? Define Logistical Management. 2. What is the Importance of Logistical Management? 3. What are the Operational objectives of logistics? Explain.
4. 5.
What are Logistical functions? Explain Comment on Logistical Interfaces with production & marketing.
ELEMENTS OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT WHAT IS LOGISTICS? Logistics is concerned with getting the products and services where they are needed and when they are desired. It is difficult to accomplish any marketing or manufacturing without logistical support. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging. The operating responsibility of logistics is the geographical repositioning of raw materials, work in process, and finished inventories where required at the lowest cost possible. The formal definition of the word 'logistics' as per the perception of Council of Logistics Management is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. Mission of logistics is providing a means by which customer satisfaction is achieved. Art of moving, lodging and supplying troops, supplies and equipment is logistics. Concept of logistics has moved into business to move, lodge and supply inputs and outputs. Logistics is practiced for ages since organized activity began. Without logistics support no activity can be performed to meet defined goal. The current challenge is to perform logistics scientifically in order to optimize benefits to the organization. Logistics is a planning function of management. Logistics function is concerned with taking products and services where they are needed and when they are needed. Logistics ensures that the required inputs [what] to a value adding process are made available, where they are needed, when they are needed and in the quantities [how much] they are needed. It also ensures that the outputs of the value adding process are made available where they are needed when they are needed and in the quantities [how much?] they are needed. There are many ways of defining logistics but the underlying concept might be defined as follows: 'Logistics is the process of strategically managing the procurement, movement and storage of materials, parts and finished inventory through the organization and its marketing channels in such a way that current and future profitability are maximized through the cost-effective fulfillment of orders.'
GENESIS OF MODERN LOGISTICS Several Modern Management concepts are born or refined in the crucible of II World War. You may remember several OR techniques like Value Analysis & PERT/CPM have their origin in the II World War. Resources come under pressure in a war, like no other time and one is expected to deliver results in spite of all odds. These trying situations forced the military planners to evolve solutions to their problems. After the war these concepts traveled to business where resource crunch is usual. In business there is no enemy, but there are competitors who pose threat to the organizations survival. Field Marshall Rommel's words that '………before they are fought, battles are won or lost by quartermasters' speak about the importance of logistics. There are several examples where battles are lost due to long & ineffective supply lines. Logistics received great importance in military planning and subsequently became a very important management function in the course of last 40 years. Logistical management includes the design and administration of systems to control the flow of material, work in process and finished inventory to support business unit strategy OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS FUNCTION Logistical History of India: India was a maritime power since about 300 BC, trading with several countries of the world bringing prosperity home. Traders of Surat brought riches to the country by extensive maritime trade. Like many of our excellent practices, logistical efficiency also faded away over a period of time. Some important logistical feats in history:
Berlin Airlift – 1945: A study in logistics. When the city of Berlin was blockaded by Soviets and all supply lines were cut off, Americans planned and executed a major logistics operation to feed the city from air.
2. Indians in the Gulf countries – 1991: 1n 1991, when gulf war broke out, Indian Government evacuated thousands of Indians from the gulf countries and brought them home in a massive exercise employing Indian airlines planes.
Operation Overlord-1945: Allies' invasion of Europe and subsequent victory in II World War.
4. American war of Independence Keeping 12,000 soldiers armed and fed from England was a big task; British lost the American war of independence due to bad logistics. What causes bad logistics?
Infrastructure: Bad roads, inefficient railways, poor communication lines, and congestion in the ports.
4 b. c. d.
Taxation: e.g. Octroi Information: Inadequate information Management: Poor management decisions IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS……….……[you may also read Physical distribution Management: Logistical approach by K.K.Khanna – page # 8]
Logistics is the bed rock of trade and business. Without selling and or buying there can be no trade and business. Buying and or selling takes
place only when goods are physically moved into and or away from the market.
•Take away logistical support trade and business will collapse
Leads to customer satisfaction through superior customer service. Organizational objectives of P [Productivity],Q [Quality],C [Cost],D [Delivery],E [Employee Morale],F [Flexibility],S [Safety],H [Health],E [Environment] are set to meet customer expectations of Q,C,D. Q, C, S, H, E are parts of must be quality that a customer expects. Logistics addresses D, F objectives which lead to customer satisfaction through superior customer service
Integrates logistical activities In conventional management environment, various activities of logistics work in isolation under different management functions. Each pocket trying to sub optimize its objectives at the cost of overall organizational objectives. Purchasing trying to purchase at minimum price at the cost of what is needed by operations. Operations produce large quantities at minimum production cost ignoring demand leading to doom inventory. Logistics function of management brings all such functions under one umbrella pulling down inter departmental barriers.
Competitive edge: In the fiercely competitive environment logistics provides the edge. Due to technological revolution most of the products are moving into commodity markets. In a commodity market where price is controlled by competition, where there is no product differentiation in terms of quality parameters like performance & reliability, where brands are almost irrelevant, competitive edge is that of availability of product and service in terms of time, place and quantity.
Logistics wins or loses wars British lost American war of independence due to poor logistics Rommel was beaten in the desert by superior logistics of Allies
• •
5 6.
Supports critical functions like operations and marketing Strong logistics support enables a company to move towards JUST IN TIME production system for survival in a highly competitive market a) Interface with marketing These days marketing a product is increasingly on the strength of availability and flexibility as we discussed earlier. Stronger emphasis is on the last of four Ps of marketing [product, price, promotion and place]. Logistics provides the interface between production function and marketing function. Marketing is trying to sell the product in the market place. Logistics makes the product accessible to marketing by acting as interface between the function that produces it and the function that makes the consumer buy it. This interface is gaining importance due to following changes that are sweeping the market making many companies adopt JUST IN TIME production system.
a. Change in the customer: demanding, knowledgeable, conscious of rights, lacking in brand loyalty, changes preferences very fast, expects very high degree of service b. Many products are moving towards commodities market: product differentiation in terms of quality of performance is vanishing and brands are losing their magic. As a result of above we find that availability is an important determinant of purchasing decision.
Logistical costs: For individual businesses logistics expenditures are 5% to 35% of sales depending on type of business, geographical areas of operation, weight/value ratios of products and materials. This is an expensive operation. Improvement in the efficiency of logistics function yields savings as well as customer satisfaction WHY SHOULD WE LEARN LOGISTICS? HOW OR WHY DOES LOGISTICS BECOME IMPORTANT FOR MANAGEMENT STUDENTS?
1. Impact of logistics on cost of creating and delivering of product to the customer. Logistical costs can be as high as 20% to 25% depending on type of business 2. Provides competitive edge to business 3. Crucial to survival and prosperity in global trade and business 4. Many products have short life cycles 5. More & more logistics experts are going up the hierarchical ladder 6. Leads to the concept of supply chain management 7. Logistics is important in the Indian market due to the sweeping changes, which are taking place. a. Competition: Internal as well as external b. Shift from seller's market to buyer's market
c. Changing customer d. Expanding business, growing exports e. Corporate Management's Shift towards modern management concepts like Lean management, Just In Time, Total Quality Management etc., IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN INDIA [Explain the growing importance of logistics management in India in today's context…………… Q4 2001] I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Liberalization and opening our door to competition Global business has long supply & distribution lines Changing Indian customer, aware, demanding and less brand loyal Competition ensures that product differentiation in terms of quality is difficult Product life cycles are shrinking Our markets are shifting from sellers' to buyers' Many consumer products are moving into commodities market India is a large country. Large distances separate production and consumption centers. Essential commodities have to travel from Food Corporation warehouses to consumers through PDS. IX. X. Logistics performance has not been impressive Fruits and vegetables are grown at various places but do not enjoy access to market
WHAT ARE THE OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES OF LOGISTICS? [sh. note Oct'03] concept Oct'03 1. Rapid response F-flexibility objective of an organization: Some companies measure this as response time to customer's order. On an average how much time do we need to fulfill one particular type of customer's order in a year? This is a measure of Rapid response Logistics should ensure that the supplier is able to respond to the change in the demand very fast. Entire production should change from traditional push system to pull system to facilitate rapid response. Instead of stocking the goods and supplying on demand, orders are executed on shipment-to-shipment basis. Information Technology plays an important role here as an enabler. IT helps management in producing and delivering goods when the consumer needs them. This results into reduction of inventory and exposes all operational deficiencies. Now the management resolves these deficiencies and slashes down costs. [Concept of SMED and KANBAN as practiced by JIT companies in Japan or elsewhere]
2. Minimum variance D-delivery objective of an organization, this can be measured as 'On Time Delivery' or OTD. If 100 deliveries are made in a month/quarter/year how many reached as per the commitment made to the customer? This percentage is OTD. Any event that disrupts a system is variance. Logistics operations are disrupted by events like delays due to obstacles in information flow, traffic snarls, acts of god, wrong dispatches, damage in transit. Traditional approach is to keep safety stocks and transport the goods by high cost mode. The cost of this approach is huge. Logistics is expected to minimize these events, thereby minimize and improve on OTD 3. Minimum inventory This is component of cost objective of a company. Inventory is associated with a huge baggage of costs. It is termed as a necessary evil. Objective of minimum inventory is measured as Inventory Turns or Inventory Turnover Ratio. Americans call this measure as turn velocity. Logistics management increases these turns without sacrificing customer satisfaction. Higher turns ensure effective utilization of assets devoted to stock. [Concept of single piece flow as practiced by JIT companies in Japan or elsewhere]. Logistical management should keep the overall well being of a company in view and fix a minimum inventory level without trying to minimize the inventory level as an isolated objective 4. Movement consolidation Transportation is the biggest contributor to logistics cost. Transportation cost depends on product type, size, weight, distance to be transported etc. for transporting small shipments just in time [reduction in inventory costs] expensive transport modes are used which again tend to hike the costs. Movement consolidation is planning several such small shipments together [of different types of shipments] by integrating interests of several players in the supply chain. Generally, large shipment size and long distances reduce transportation cost per unit. Movement consolidation shall result into reduction in transportation costs. 5. Quality If the quality of product fails logistics will have to ship the product out of customers premises and repeat the logistics operation again. This adds to costs and customer dissatisfaction. Hence logistics should contribute to TQM initiative of management. In fact, commitment to TQM has made the managements world over wake up to the significance of logistics function. Logistics can play a significant role in total quality improvement by improving the quality of logistics performance continuously and continually.
8 6.
Life cycle support [cradle to cradle logistical support- produce, pack (cradle) and repack (cradle)] Logistics function is expected to provide life cycle support to the product after sale. This includes
After sales service: the service support needed by the product once it is sold during its life cycle Rigid quality standards [critical in case of contaminated products which can cause environmental hazard] Transit damage [leaking containers containing hazardous material] Product expiration dating Rigid laws prohibiting unscientific disposal of items associated with product [packaging] Rigid laws making recycling mandatory Erroneous order processing by supplier Reverse logistics is an important component of logistics planning
b. Reverse logistics [concept Oct'03] or Product recall as a result of -
INFORMATION SYSTEMS - Internal & External Information flow
NETWORK DESIGN - Suppliers, operations, warehouses TRANSPORTATIO N - Water, Road, Rail, Pipeline & Air
WARE HOUSING - Storage, LOGISTICS INVENTORY - When to order? Handling, FUNCTIONSHow much to Packing & order? Just Distribution In Time
LOGISTICAL FUNCTIONS [components of logistics or elements of logistics] [Functions of Logistics…short notes 2001] 1. Information management Management is appreciating importance of information as an element of logistics of late, now. The role of information is vital in order processing. Quality of information is critical as error in composition of information requirement creates potential disturbance in the supply chain. Incorrect order processing due to erroneous information will result into product recall and reshipment if the sales opportunity still exists. Faster and quality information flow from customer to processor results into cost effective logistics. Forecasting and order management are two areas of logistical work dependent on information. Forecasting is an effort to estimate future requirements to position inventory or assets devoted to inventory. As forecasting becomes unreliable in a fast changing environment, control strategies like JIT, Quick Response and Continuous Replenishment came into being. Now it is the task of the logistics function to use information technology to strengthen operation control and forecasting to the best advantage of the organization. Leading firms typically have information systems capable of monitoring logistical performance on a real time basis giving them the capability to identify potential operational breakdowns and take corrective actions prior to customer service failure. In situations where timely corrective action is not possible, customers can be notified in advance and thereby taking the surprise out of forthcoming service failures 2. Inventory control
Keeping the stock levels in such a position, so that neither stock out nor stock piling takes place is Inventory control. While formulating inventory policies find out 20% of the products marketed that account for 80% of the profit. 3. Transportation Transportation is the most visible of all elements of logistics and high contributor to logistics expenditure. Costs of transportation are mainly as follows a. Movement costs: money paid for moving material across geographical terrain b. Preservation costs: money spent on preserving the material during transit c. Cost of idle asset: inventory is unavailable for conversion during transit. This results into costs for organization d. Administration costs: money spent on administration Transportation is accomplished in three ways a. One's own fleet – private carriage b. Contract with specialists on long term basis – contract carriage c. Contract on individual shipment basis – common carriage Expectations from transportation service are
a. b. c.
minimum cost – transportation costs are explained earlier Speed: speed of transport means the speed with which goods reach the destination. Consistency: consistency in speed is achieving the same speed over a long period of time. Consistency reflects on the reliability of carrier. Any unexpected variance can play havoc with logistics. Modern information technology has made continuous tracking of consignments possible. This takes the element of surprise out. IT has helped logistics managers to seek out ways and means to improve speed and consistency. What is becoming important is a combination of speed and consistency. Requirement of speed depends on type of industry. In some situations speed may not be important. Then transportation service offering high speed increases cost. So logistics managers have to strike a balance between service and cost. Three important aspects of transportation are facility location, transportation cost and consistency. Design of logistics system should consider total costs rather than elemental cost of transportation
4. Warehousing Warehousing is holding material before dispatch after it is produced. Although warehousing is conventionally considered to be a storage facility, it plays a much higher role from logistics viewpoint. It is perceived to be a switching facility rather than a storage facility. Warehouse
ownership can be private, public or third party contract. Warehouse provides economic and service benefits to the logistical system. Economic benefits are Movement Consolidation, Break-bulk, Cross-dock, Processing/Postponement & stock piling. Service benefits are spot stocking, assortment, mixing & production support 5. Material handling Material handling covers receiving, moving, storing, dispatching activities. It has an impact on cost [capital as well as running], quality and safety. One of the principles of material handling is minimum movement. Commonly used material handling equipment are forklifts, EOT Cranes, hoists, pulley blocks, trolleys, railroad cars, conveyers, ropes and slings etc. 6. Packaging Packaging is done to make handling and transporting cost effective. It protects the product in transit and handling. Packing is expected to facilitate lifting and moving by providing easy access to forks or hooks. Packing is also expected to display universal symbols and other instructions for handling. Eg. Pallets and containers, wooden boxes, wrapping etc. Types of packaging: consumer packaging and industrial packaging Consumer packaging - There is no focus on logistics. Importance is given to marketing appeal and packaging the finished product. Industrial packaging - importance is given to logistics considerations handling and moving. Individual parts are packed in cartons or bags and grouped together as master cartons. Master cartons are grouped into units for handling. This concept leads to unitization and subsequently to containerization. SOME IMPORTANT CONCEPTS 1. Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management………Development of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Concept[Logistics and Supply Chain Management by G.Raghuram, N.Rangaraj. Page #15, The Management of Business Logistics by Coyle, Bardi, Langlely Page # 13 ] a. 1950 – 1960: Importance of examining costs and benefits in physically moving the goods to customers came into focus in post war1950s. We have seen earlier that concept of logistics was born in the crucible of warfare and came into business after the end of II world war. Idea of total system cost emerged during this period. Analyses of trade off situations between costs of several activities, selection of modes of transport keeping total system cost in mind are fallout of this
concept. It can be understood that selection of water as a mode of transport gives low transportation cost that will result into high transit inventory adversely affecting total system cost. Initially outbound logistics was in focus as value of the finished goods inventory is high.
Receiving stores Procurement
Inbound Logistics
Outbound Logistics
Finished Goods Stores
Market R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
A new management function called Physical Distribution Management emerged integrating various activities on the outbound side like transportation, warehousing, packaging, customer service etc. Advent of electronic era of 1960s made information a strong component of physical distribution management. Inbound logistics was still considered to be a concern of vendors and did not receive the attention of management. b. In 1970s strengthened by IT, physical distribution management started looking into some aspects of financial management subsystems. Monitoring and planning for efficient completion of cash cycle became attached to physical distribution management. Around the same time importance of inbound logistics was appreciated. c. In 1980s physical distribution management function came to be called logistics management encompassing inbound and outbound logistics. During this time this function started looking closely into logistical operations adopting modern concepts like TQM & TPM to logistical operations. d. 1990: This concept expanded, all up stream and down stream organizations and activities were brought closer for mutual cooperation in order to gain benefits of QCD. This idea of external integration is Supply Chain Management. Definition: the management of upstream and down stream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole. Supply Chain Management looks beyond the confines of organizations to deliver value to the end user at minimum cost. Supply chain is visualized as a pipeline through which products from raw materials stage to the end user. Supply Chain Management is ensuring that this flow is smooth and quick. Henry Ford visualized the importance of this flow in early 1990s [L/M, Bowersox – page 88] and expanded his business to cover raw materials, their deposits, forests, plantations and even transportation activities like shipping lines. His business interests extended beyond the frontiers. This diverse expanse of business gave him final control on the supply chain but became nonviable due to labor problems and unwieldy bureaucracy. He realized that smaller independent organizations were more efficient and cost effective in delivering value and shifted his focus to a network of competent dealers. Idea of supply chain management Supply Chain Management aims at breaking down organizational barriers
a] to share sales information on 'real time' basis that reduces inventories and need for safety stocks. This is called supply chain compression resulting into inventory reduction and larger inventory turns. Dell Computers considered to be leaders in computers business have recorded 50 inventory turns in 1997, IV Q, whereas Compaq could manage only 10 turns. b] Smoothen the flow of information both ways [orders reaching the suppliers, and products reaching the that results into reduced delivery time or reduction of lead-time resulting into shortened cash-flow cycle Ref fig.6 particulars 1. Scope Logistics management Inbound logistics, in process inventory [movement from one plant to another], outbound logistics Supply chain management All players in the supply chain from raw material source to finished product consumer, vendors, their vendors, supplier organization[shipper], Warehouses, service providers, 2. How this is created in business? 2. Main objective 3. Definition By internal integration of logistics functions handled by various management functions within organization Logistics cost reduction by integrating resources across the pipeline Logistics is the process of strategically managing procurement and storage of material , part and finished inventory [and related information flow] through organization and its marketing channels in such a way that current and future profits are maximized through cost effective 4. Origin 5. Focus fulfillment of order A very old concept in military planning. L/M tries to take the product to As a logical extension of logistics management SCM focuses on value creation in customers, their customers By external integration of roles of various players in the supply chain. Supply chain profitability by value creation. Management of upstream and down stream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver superior customer value at less cost to the supply chain as a whole.
the consumer at minimum logistical cost. Hence it is supply driven.
the supply chain. Hence this is customer focused or demand driven.
2. Business functions of logistics management ……[physical distribution management: logistical approach by K.K.Khanna – page # 13] As discussed earlier logistics is a concept of military planners. But now it has found its way into business. I] Business logistics is planning, implementing and controlling efficient & effective flow and storage of goods, efficient & effective flow services, and related information from point of origin to point of use or consumption in order to meet customer requirements. a. Food and agricultural products: We are familiar with warehouses owned by Food Corporation of India. The government in these warehouses stores huge quantities of procured food grains. These stocks are subsequently moved to outlets of Public Distribution System. This is a logistical operation by Govt. of India in Agricultural Products Sector b. Raw materials and finished engineering, chemical, pharmaceutical goods. c. Consumer durable goods: Logistical Management is receiving attention in industry as many consumer durable products are moving into commodities market. II] Business logistics plays the role of facilitator for trade and business. It makes business happen. 3. Logistical mission………[Logistics and Supply Chain Management by Martin Christopher, Page # 13, Logistics Management by Bowersox Page #9] Mission of logistics is to achieve business objectives by delivering desired quality of service at the lowest total cost. This is nothing other than delivering QCD expectations of the customer by planning logistical operations at minimum cost. This can also be called creating customer value at minimum cost. The illustration below shows that
Transportation Mission A Mission B Mission C
M/H Customer service goals [QCD] At market type A Customer service goals [QCD] At market type B Customer service goals [QCD] At market type C
Functional Inputs to Logistical Management
logistical mission cuts across functional lines to achieve business objectives at minimum cost. Logistical mission is a set of goals to be achieved at a particular type of market for a particular type of product. Naturally this is responsive to competition. Hence logistical mission is to achieve above goals at minimum system cost. Focus is on mission rather than on isolated functions. Mission of logistics is providing a means by which customer satisfaction is achieved.
4. Role of planning in logistics management • • • • Role of planning is central to logistics management Mission of logistics management is to plan and coordinate all those activities necessary to achieve desired levels of service and quality at lowest possible cost. Logistics is fundamentally a planning concept that seeks to create a frame work through which needs of the market place can be translated into a manufacturing strategy and plan Logistics makes one plan, integrating various resources of the organization that replaces traditional concept of planning in pockets 5. Logistics interface with marketing…………………………[Logistics and Supply Chain Management by Martin Christopher, Page # 37,] Interface is a common wall or surface between two objects, concepts or functions. It can also be common area/areas of performance or interest. Outbound logistics plays an important role in selling the product of the company as it moves the product through the distribution system to the customer. Hence it is called the other half of marketing. In several instances making the product available at the right time at the right place itself is the key to successful selling. A student of management very well knows four Ps of marketing. We have already seen the role of logistics as far as 'Place' is concerned. It is quite interesting to see the interface with respect to other Ps as well. Price: Logistics enables marketing to quote a competitive price by providing discount opportunities on account of Transportation cost savings. Logistics Manager can plan the size of the consignment confirming to the most economical schedules published by transportation service providers to save transportation costs. If order size matches with the favored size the benefits are substantial. Logistics Management has to balance inventories to tackle anticipated price-triggered sales. Product: Inputs of logistics manager are quite important as far as the size and shape of the product are concerned. Size and shape of the product can make logistics nightmarish, thereby adding huge amount of costs. Weight/volume ratio plays very important role in deciding economics of logistics. The story of Gillette is well known logistical circle. The low weight, unwieldy floor display proved to be a very expensive logistical operation. While consumer packaging provides sales push in a retailers shop, it can make industrial packaging difficult due to its shape and ability to protect the contents. Product and its packaging is a common area from the point of view of logistics. Promotion: Logistics Management is required to manage inventory needed to match sales triggered by promotional activities in the market. Marketing Management & Logistics Management need to work closely in deciding promotional strategies for the product. Promotional strategies may be push
or pull type. Logistical problems may be faced in either or both, but being aware takes the punch away from the blow! Place: Marketing decision to distribute the product directly to retailers or through wholesalers has a great impact on logistical operations. Demand placed by wholesalers is more streamlined as compared to retailers. Logistical management of retailers' demand often requires time sensitive transportation methods which are expensive. In addition to the four Ps, customer service is another area where marketing & logistical mangements have to work closely to effectively beat the competition. 6. Inbound & outbound logistics [What do you understand by inbound and outbound logistics? Explain with examples…………… Q5[a] May'03] Inbound Logistics Creation of value in a conversion process heavily depends on availability of inputs on time. Making available these inputs on time at point of use at minimum cost is the essence of Inbound Logistics. All the activities of a procurement performance cycle come under the scope of Inbound Logistics. Scope of Inbound Logistics covers transportation during procurement operation, storage, handling if any and overall management of inventory of inputs. Several activities or tasks are required to facilitate an orderly flow of materials, parts or finished inventory into a manufacturing complex. They are sourcing, order placement and expediting, transportation, receiving and storage. Overall, procurement operations are called inbound logistics. A procurement cycle is shown below. Inbound logistics have potential avenues for reducing systems costs. Delivery time, size of shipment, method of transport & value of products involved are different from those of physical distribution cycles. Normally delivery time is large as a low cost transportation mode is chosen. As the value of inventory is low size of shipment is large & transit inventory costs are low. As the price of products is lower, trade off between cost of maintaining inventory in transit and low cost transport exists to the benefit of the organization. Inbound logistics
Order placement & expediting Supplier
Outbound Logistics Value added goods are to be made available in the market for customers to perceive value. Finished goods are to be distributed through the network of warehouses and supply lines to reach the consumer through retailers' shops in the market. During conversion value is added to the raw materials and as a result value of the inventory in this case is very high unlike inputs. Now the size of shipment, modes of transport and delivery time are different as compared to inputs. Activities of distribution performance cycle come under the scope of Outbound Logistics. They are order management, transportation, warehousing, packaging, handling etc.
Activities in distribution performance cycle
Order processing Order transmission Customer order
Order selection
Order transportation
Customer delivery
Outbound Logistics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 7.
Importance of 3Cs – competitive advantage by effective logistics management [Logistics and Supply Chain Management by Martin Christopher, Page # 5,] The three Cs in business are Company, Customer and Competition. All the three "C" are vital for healthy business and prosperous economy. Buying decision is always triggered by a need a consumer is experiencing due to the stress he is under. Customer is attracted by value when he is about to make a buying decision. Competitors in business continuously add value to their products in order to be ahead in the competition. Any supplier organization or Company tries to be better than the Competition by utilizing their assets efficiently and effectively. The Supplier Company tries to differentiate her products in terms of functional quality and product cost. Competition has ensured that technology and human skills are almost same everywhere. Hence product differentiation in terms of functional quality and product cost is nearly impossible. But a great opportunity exists for the Supplier Company to differentiate her products by service and logistics cost by superior logistics. Superior logistics gives cost advantage [productivity advantage] to the supplier company as logistical costs are reduced. Superior logistics provides value advantage as it provides superior customer service. When this happens customer sees better value in the products of supplier Company as compared to competition. Importance of 3Cs "C" customers Look for value, benefit at lowest price
"C" company By effective utilization of assets tries to create and offer value to customers
"C" competitor By effective utilization of assets tries to create and offer value to customers
Cost differentials
Logistics overview and its implications a. Birth and development of logistics in post war business since 1950. [Refer our earlier notes] b. External integration of supply chain and concept of Supply Chain management………… 1990
c. Elements of Logistical Management function d. Scope of Logistical Management e. Significance of logistics in Business Management, the time and place a. Overall goal of Logistical Management function 11. Different attributes of logistics management and need of coordination of different organizational departments with that of logistics …[Logistics and Supply Chain Management by Martin Christopher, Page # 31, Logistics Management by Bowersox Page # 33] Attributes of Logistics Management [what makes Logistics Management distinct from other departments?] 1. Functions of logistics are spread across various stages of value chain. 2. Provides interface between marketing and customers, marketing and operations, operations and supplier 3. Provides competitive edge to business in the current environment 4. Handles flow of information and materials. 5. Large avenue for cost reduction. Need of coordination of different organizational departments with that of logistics The above features show the complexity and scope of logistics management. For such a management function to function effectively various pieces of jigsaw puzzle should fall at correct places which requires coordination of all functional departments. If we want to solve a jigsaw puzzle, we need to have the complete picture on the box. In the absence of this picture solving the puzzle becomes impossible. Overall coordination of different organizational departments can provide the complete picture. This requires integration of all functions of logistics. If a firm does not consistently satisfy time and place requirement it has nothing to sell in the market, it is simply out of business. Good logistics alone can enable organizations to do business. To enjoy full benefits of logistics, full range of functional work must be performed on an integrated basis. Excellence in each aspect of functional work is relevant only when it is viewed in terms improving overall efficiency and effectiveness of integrated logistics. This requires that the functional work of logistics be integrated to achieve business unit goals. 12. Logistical competency…………. [Logistics Management by Bowersox Page # 7] What is logistical competency? Competency is the ability to perform a function. Logistical competency is the ability of the firm to perform logistical function effectively and efficiently. Definition: Logistical Competency is the relative assessment of a firm's capability to provide competitively superior customer service at the lowest possible total cost. It is a strategy to provide a
superior service at a total cost below industry average. Its aim is to view how logistics can be exploited as a core competency so that fits into a firm's overall strategic positioning How can this be achieved? 1. Strategic positioning by the company - developing logistics as core competence of the company 2. Using logistics to gain competitive advantage in creating customer value [every company's business goal] Logistical competency can be achieved by performing logistical functions effectively. To understand logistical excellence in each aspect of functional work is relevant only when it is viewed in terms of improving overall efficiency and effectiveness of integrated logistics. In the above process of achieving logistical competency the firm should coordinate all functions well. Network design should integrate the need of information, transportation & inventory. These elements play important roles in overall effectiveness of logistical function. A well-designed Network keeping in view the objectives of the company is primary for logistical competency. 13. Concept of Integration in Logistics Operation… [Logistics Management by Bowersox Page # 33] What is the concept of Integration in Logistics Operation? In order to perform various functions of logistics in coordinated fashion bringing all functions of logistics under one operational command is important. Performance of these functions in an isolated fashion is detrimental to the objectives organization. Performance in isolation loses sight of overall picture. It is like trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle without complete picture before you. What do we integrate? Information flow, inventory flow, procurement, operations support, physical distribution. Concept of Integration in Logistics Operation
Inventory flow Customer Physical distribution Manufacturing support Suppliers Procurement
Information flow
If we view the above graphic we see all internal logistical operations in an organization. We also see their close relationship with each other and the need to perform them in an orchestrated fashion.
14. Value added role of Logistics Different types of economic utilities like form utility, place and time utility and possession utility add value to a product. In other words make product attractive and trigger purchase.
a) Form Utility is given by Production to a product when conversion process is held. Logistics also
adds form utility when warehousing activities like mixing, assembling, processing postponement or unpacking take place.
b) Place and Time Utility is given by logistics functions when a product is moved to a needed place
on time to serve the customer
c) Possession Utility: Marketing creates Possession Utility by promoting the product by advertising and or by any other means. But logistics finally possession by customer happen
Role of value added Logistics
PRODUCTION Form Utility
LOGISTICS Place & Time Utility
MARKETING Possession Utility
Integrated Logistics Integrated Logistics is a result of evolution of the concept of delivering value to the customer at minimum cost. Logistics was a traditionally ignored set of activities performed as and when needed depending on whatever means were available at the time of need! Status of logistics till early 1960s was "economy's dark continent"! The result of evolution has made Logistics a crucial business management function of today. In the current business environment customers expect not only delivery of the product but also delivery of service with equal efficiency and effectiveness. Integrated Logistics is integration of logistics of products and services which are required to be delivered to the market as discussed earlier. The diagram given sho The above mentioned evolution took place due to the market forces created by some factors given below 1. Consumer awareness 1960s 2. Introduction of computer 1960s 3. Global recession of 1970s & 1980s 4. JIT manufacturing 1980s Some significant features of Integrated Logistics
Various logistical functions are under one command Common objectives One plan for entire organization Creates Infrastructure for product delivery as well as service delivery and integrates them for effective customer service.
2. 3.
4. Integrate logistical function & other management function