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Contribution of large genomic BRCA1 alterations to early-onset breast cancer selected for family history and tumour morphology: a report from The Breast Cancer Family Registry
- Letitia D Smith1,
- Andrea A Tesoriero1, 2,
- Ee M Wong1,
- Susan J Ramus3,
- Frances P O'Malley4, 5,
- Anna Marie Mulligan5, 6,
- Mary Beth Terry7,
- Ruby T Senie7,
- Regina M Santella8,
- Esther M John9,
- Irene L Andrulis4, 5, 10,
- Hilmi Ozcelik5,
- Mary B Daly11,
- Andrew K Godwin11, 17,
- Saundra S Buys12,
- Stephen Fox13,
- David E Goldgar14,
- Graham G Giles15,
- John L Hopper16 and
- Melissa C Southey1Email author
DOI: 10.1186/bcr2822
© Smith et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
Received: 27 September 2010
Accepted: 31 January 2011
Published: 31 January 2011
Selecting women affected with breast cancer who are most likely to carry a germline mutation in BRCA1 and applying the most appropriate test methodology remains challenging for cancer genetics services. We sought to test the value of selecting women for BRCA1 mutation testing on the basis of family history and/or breast tumour morphology criteria as well as the value of testing for large genomic alterations in BRCA1 .
We studied women participating in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), recruited via population-based sampling, who had been diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40 years who had a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer (n = 187) and/or a first primary breast tumour with morphological features consistent with carrying a BRCA1 germline mutation (n = 133; 37 met both criteria). An additional 184 women diagnosed before the age of 40 years who had a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer and who were not known to carry a germline BRCA1 mutation were selected from among women who had been recruited into the BCFR from clinical genetics services. These 467 women had been screened for BRCA1 germline mutations, and we expanded this testing to include a screen for large genomic BRCA1 alterations using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification.
Twelve large genomic BRCA1 alterations were identified, including 10 (4%) of the 283 women selected from among the population-based sample. In total, 18 (12%), 18 (19%) and 16 (43%) BRCA1 mutations were identified in the population-based groups selected on the basis of family history only (n = 150), the group selected on the basis of tumour morphology only (n = 96) and meeting both criteria (n = 37), respectively.
Large genomic alterations accounted for 19% of all BRCA1 mutations identified. This study emphasises the value of combining information about family history, age at diagnosis and tumour morphology when selecting women for germline BRCA1 mutation testing as well as including a screen for large genomic alterations.
For many women with a personal and/or family history of breast cancer, knowing that they carry a germline mutation in a breast cancer predisposition gene can be informative for their clinical management and that of family members. However, mutations in currently known breast cancer predisposition genes are very rare, and the majority of women who undergo genetic testing for these genes are not found to be carriers of mutations (identifiable by current molecular methods).
It remains challenging but necessary for clinical genetics services, and in some settings, insurers, to select women most likely to carry a germline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 for genetic testing. Most tools used for estimating a woman's risk of carrying a mutation in one of these genes are predominantly based on family history. Even when accurately reported, well collected and verified, family history is often not predictive of carrier status unless it is extreme, as family history is not highly sensitive or specific to mutation status [1]. Recent and current work have incorporated some details of the associated breast cancer pathology into risk models, but this effort has essentially been restricted to immunohistochemical data such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2 and cytokeratin (CK5/6, CK14) status [2–4].
It has been widely reported that some breast tumour morphological features are associated with carrying a BRCA1 mutation and that consideration of a few of these features can identify almost all BRCA1 germline mutation carriers among women with early-onset breast cancer without taking into account family history [5–7].
The methodological approaches applied to identify BRCA1 mutations also vary between clinical service laboratories and can have an impact on the proportion of women identified as carrying a mutation [8]. Most currently applied methods are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and have moderate to high specificity and sensitivity for identifying mutations involving one or a few nucleotides within defined, predominantly exonic regions. Analytical methods for interpreting these nucleotide alterations are continuing to improve [9, 10]. However, short-fragment, PCR-based analyses are usually insensitive to the detection of large genomic alterations, and unless these specific tests are applied such mutations are likely to be missed in a routine short-fragment PCR-based screening protocol.
The frequency of large genomic alterations varies between populations, and this has become more apparent as methods to detect such mutations have become more robust and available [11]. Ticha et al . [12] reported that 12.3% of all BRCA1 mutations identified in the Czech population are large genomic rearrangements. Similarly, Agata et al . [13] reported that they could represent up to one-third of BRCA1 mutations identified in the Italian population. Reports from the Netherlands have demonstrated that these types of mutations can account for 27% to 36% of all BRCA1 mutations in the Dutch population [14, 15]. In addition to the effect of founder mutations, some regions of BRCA1 seem to be implicated more frequently in genomic alterations, such as the exon 1A-2 region [16]. The value of large genomic rearrangement testing for many clinical genetics services remains unclear.
We sought to further investigate the value of using family history and tumour morphologic features in selecting women for BRCA1 mutation testing. We applied two criteria (one for family history and one for tumour morphological features) to select women participating in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR) who had already undergone extensive BRCA1 mutation screening [17]. This testing had not, however, included routine testing for large genomic alterations in the BRCA1 region, so we applied Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA; MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) testing to determine the proportion of BRCA1 mutations in the selected women that could be attributed to mutations of this type.
Materials and methods
The Breast Cancer Family Registry
The BCFR was established in 1995 as an international collaborative resource to facilitate research into the genetic and environmental causes of breast cancer. The BCFR has collected detailed epidemiological data, family history information and biospecimens from over 13,000 families [18]. Relevant to this study are the incidence of breast cancer cases and their relatives ascertained through population-based cancer registries (population-based case families) and families with strong cancer histories of breast or ovarian cancer identified through cancer family clinics and community outreach (clinic-based families). Population-based families were recruited in the San Francisco Bay Area, northern California, USA; the Province of Ontario, Canada; and Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Clinic-based families were recruited in Philadelphia, New York City and Utah, USA; the Province of Ontario, Canada; and Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. A proband is defined as the index case (identified from the relevant cancer registry) in population-based families and as the youngest affected participating female member of clinic-based families. All sites used standardised questionnaires and protocols to collect family history information, epidemiological and clinical data, and biological specimens, with a strong emphasis on quality control measures throughout the collection, processing and storing of data and samples [17, 18]. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of The University of Melbourne.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing
BCFR participants have undergone extensive testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations using techniques described previously [8, 17, 19], including two-dimensional gel scanning, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, enzymatic mutation detection, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and the protein truncation test. Direct gene sequencing of both genes has also been carried out by individual laboratories and Myriad Genetics (Salt Lake City, UT, USA) [8, 17, 19]. Mutation testing in other genes, such as ATM , TP53 and CHEK2 , has also been performed and reported elsewhere [20–22]. The criteria used by the BCFR for defining deleterious mutations are the same as those used by the Breast Cancer Information Core [23] and Myriad Genetics. No screening was applied that specifically tested for large genomic alterations in the BRCA1 gene. Some carriers of BRCA1 duplication exon 13 were identified by specific PCR-based testing for the breakpoints [19, 24] and via RNA-based protein truncation testing [8].
Selection criteria
Women recruited through population-based sampling
Family history criteria
We selected case probands who were diagnosed with breast cancer before age 40 years and had two or more first- or second-degree relatives with breast or ovarian cancer.
Tumour morphology criteria
We selected case probands whose tumour morphology was consistent with carrying a BRCA1 mutation [7]. Case probands from the Australian BCFR were selected if their breast tumours had five or more of the following morphological features: (1) mitotic index >50/10 high-power fields (HPF), (2) malignant nuclear grade, (3) little or no tubule formation, (4) a trabecular growth pattern, (5) pushing margins (>50%), (6) a circumscribed growth pattern, (7) a syncytial growth pattern, (8) necrosis and (9) moderate or intense lymphocytic infiltrate [5, 7]. From the Northern California BCFR, we first selected all breast cancers that had been scored as medullary or atypical medullary as their primary or secondary histological type and then reviewed the histological slides of these cases to identify those that met the criteria described above [7]. From the Ontario BCFR, we selected cases that had five or more of the following features: (1) mitotic index >50/10 HPF, (2) malignant nuclear grade, (3) little or no tubule formation, (4) a syncytial growth pattern, (5) circumscribed borders, (6) a moderate intense lymphocytic infiltrate and (7) necrosis. The selection of case probands from population-based registries was done without regard to their known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation status.
Women enrolled through clinic-based recruitment
We selected the youngest affected member of clinic-based families for this study if they had been diagnosed with breast cancer before age 40 years and had two or more first- or second-degree relatives with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Probands were excluded if they were already known to carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 deleterious mutation.
BRCA1 large genomic alteration testing by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification
Testing for large genomic alterations was performed by MLPA using the SALSA MLPA Kit P002B BRCA1 (MRC-Holland) as described by Schouten et al . [25]. Quantities of 50 to 100 ng per reaction of DNA extracted from Guthrie card blood spots, peripheral whole blood or a lymphoblastoid cell line were used. All reactions were performed in duplicate on a Corbett Palm-Cycler, Corbett Life Science, Mortlake, NSW, Australia, and PCR fragments were analysed on an ABI 3730 DNA Analyser (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).
Analysis of the fragment peak areas and visual examination of the MLPA histograms were performed to identify large genomic alterations [26]. A normalised value of 1.0 represents the detection of both exonic alleles (that is, no alteration), a value ≤0.65 is the threshold suggestive of loss of one exonic allele (that is, deletion) and a value ≥1.3 suggests the gain of one or more exonic alleles (that is, duplication). All cases with normalised values ≤0.65 or ≥1.3 were repeated in an independent molecular analysis. Large alterations were verified using the SALSA MLPA Kit P087 BRCA1 (MRC-Holland). For P087 analysis, cases were compared with BRCA1 mutation-negative controls. Cases that had MLPA analysis suggestive of a single exon loss or gain were sequenced to confirm that probe hybridization was not being disrupted by genetic variation in the MLPA probe hybridization regions.
Screening of the population-based probands
Women recruited into BCFRs on the basis of population-based sampling who met the family history and tumour morphology criteria of this studya
Mutation status of proband
Family history only, 44/53/53b(n = 150)
Family historyc, 63/57/67b(n = 187)
Tumour morphology only, 80/14/2b(n = 96)
Tumour morphologyd, 99/18/16b(n = 133)
Both family history and tumour morphology, 19/4/14b(n = 37)
Study total, 143/71/69b(n = 283)
No identified mutation, n
Identified mutation, n
BRCA1 LGA, n
Other BRCA1 mutation, n
BRCA2 mutation, n
ATM, CHEK2, TP53 mutations, n
BRCA1 mutations, %
Table 1 shows that MLPA analysis identified eight case probands as carriers of large BRCA1 genomic alterations. Two additional case probands were known to have a BRCA1 exon 13 duplication that had been identified by previous testing, and these are included in Table 1. The BRCA1 large genomic alterations included five single-exon deletions (exon 5, exon 17 and exon 20) or duplications (exon 13) and five alterations involving the deletion of multiple exons (exon 1A-2, exon 1A-17, exon 1A-23 and exon 1A-24). An additional proband was found to have an MLPA profile consistent with an exon 13 deletion. However, Sanger sequencing of the exon revealed a 1-bp deletion adjacent to the ligation site of the P002 exon 13 probes. This mutation was characterised as BRCA1 4362delG and is reported in the "Other BRCA1 mutation" row in Table 1. The detection of this mutation had been missed by prior two-dimensional gel electrophoresis testing.
By combining the data from the screen for large genomic alterations with the mutation information that had been generated prior to this study using routine screening methods [17], we identified 18 probands (12%) in the family history only group carrying a deleterious BRCA1 mutation (3 probands, 2% carried large genomic alterations), 18 probands (19%) in the tumour morphology only group carrying a BRCA1 mutation (3 probands, 3% carried large genomic alterations) and 16 probands (43%) in the group meeting both criteria and carrying a BRCA1 mutation (4 probands, 11% carried large genomic alterations) (Table 1). Overall, 10 (19%) of the 52 BRCA1 mutations found in these women were large genomic alterations.
As there were some differences in the methods used to select cases that qualified for inclusion in the morphology group across the population-based BCFRs (see Materials and methods), the outcomes of the BRCA1 testing are detailed both as overall findings and for each BCFR individually (population-based samples) in Table 1.
Screening of probands recruited from clinical services
Details of BRCA1 large genomic alterations identified in this study
Selection criteria (n)
Large genomic BRCA1 alteration
Proband age at breast cancer diagnosis, yr
Tumour morphology scorea
Family history (age at diagnosis, yr)
Family history (150)
Deletion exon 5
38 and 44
Breast, sister (42)
Ovarian, paternal aunt (44)
Ovarian, paternal grandmother (60)
Deletion exon 1A-24
39 and 49
Breast, sister (53)
Ovarian, sister (40)
Ovarian, sister (50)
Duplication exon 13b
39 and 39
Breast, sister (33)
Breast, mother (49)
Breast, maternal grandmother (62)
Breast, paternal grandmother (49)
Tumour morphology (96)
Deletion exon 20
31 and 35
Breast, paternal grandmother (n.d.)
Deletion exon 1A-23c
Breast, paternal aunt (71)
Duplication exon 13b
Breast, mother (50)
Ovarian, mother (68)
Ovarian, paternal aunt (55)
Family history and tumour morphology (37)
Deletion exon 17
Breast, maternal aunt (34)
Ovarian, maternal aunt (35)
Deletion exon 1A-2c
Breast, maternal aunt (30)
Breast, paternal aunt (52)
Ovarian, mother (56)
Deletion exon 1A-17
36 and 38
Breast, mother (53)
Ovarian, mother (62)
Breast, maternal grandmother (84)
Ovarian, maternal grandmother (n.d.)
Deletion exon 1A-23
Breast, mother (28)
Breast, maternal grandmother (45)
Family history (184)
Deletion exon 22
Breast, paternal aunt (23 and 24)
Ovarian, paternal aunt (49)
Deletion exons 14-20
Breast, sister (35)
Breast, mother (43)
Ovarian, maternal grandmother (n.d.)
Table 2 shows the age at breast cancer diagnosis, the details of the tumour morphology and the family history details of the young women found to carry a large genomic alteration in BRCA1 from both the population-based and clinic-recruited families participating in the BCFR. All 12 large genomic alterations in BRCA1 reported in this study were verified using the P087 MLPA Kit.
Knowing that a woman with breast cancer carries a germline BRCA1 mutation informs her clinical management and that of her relatives. However, it remains challenging for clinical genetics services to select the women most likely to carry a germline mutation in BRCA1 for genetic testing. Most tools used for estimating a woman's probability of carrying a BRCA1 mutation have been based predominantly on family history. Even when accurately reported, well-collected and verified, is often unhelpful, except when the history is extreme. That is family history is not highly sensitive or specific to BRCA1 mutation status.
We have investigated the relative strengths of using family history and tumour morphology, as well as both criteria together, to select the women with early onset breast cancer most likely to carry BRCA1 mutations (including large genomic alterations) by using the BCFR [18]. This resource provided many strengths for the study: (1) it provided a large sample size, with 467 women meeting one or more of the study criteria; (2) significant germline mutation testing had already been performed for BRCA1 and BRCA2 [17] using validated methods [8]; (3) family history of breast or ovarian cancer had been collected from each case proband using a standardised, validated instrument (ensuring higher-quality data than would likely have been collected from a similar number of women in a clinical setting) [18]; and (4) tumour morphology had been reviewed for a proportion of the breast cancers using a standardised, validated review form [7, 27].
Prior to this study, 149 case probands (4%) who had been recruited into the BCFR via population-based sampling had been found to carry a BRCA1 mutation [17]. This is consistent with the frequencies reported in other studies utilising this and similar population-based samplings [28–30].
Using family history data collected in a standardised fashion by the BCFR, we identified 187 women recruited via population-based sampling who had a family history at least as strong as two first- or second-degree relatives with breast or ovarian cancer. Genetic testing of these women identified 60 (32%) with a mutation in a breast cancer susceptibility gene, 34 (18%) in BRCA1 .
Using tumour morphology data collected by a standard pathology review of many of the breast cancers arising in women participating in the Australian and Ontario BCFRs, and by performing an extended review of the medullary and atypical medullary type breast cancers in the northern California BCFR (see Materials and methods), we identified 133 women whose tumour morphology met our selection criteria and thus had many of the morphological features consistent with being a BRCA1 mutation carrier. Of these, 39 (29%) have now been found to carry a germline mutation in a breast cancer susceptibility gene, 34 (26%) in BRCA1 .
The women who met both criteria composed the group most enriched for BRCA1 mutation carriers (43%). The proportion of large genomic alterations in the total number of mutations identified was also slightly higher in the women who met both the family history and tumour morphology criteria (25%) compared with the proportion in women who met only one of these criteria (both 20%).
Similar work involving large genomic alterations in BRCA2 could also be beneficial, but it is likely to have less impact given current data which suggests there is a broader morphological phenotype of breast cancers carrying these mutations and the extreme rarity of these mutations in BRCA2 [31].
These results highlight the value of incorporating information on family history and tumour morphology when selecting women with the highest chance of carrying a mutation in BRCA1 for mutation testing. This study also shows that testing for large genomic alterations is of value in this setting because 10 (19%) of the 52 mutation carriers indentified in the groups of women selected for this study carried large genomic alterations that were identifiable by using MLPA.
Breast Cancer Family Registry
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification.
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under RFA-CA-06-503 and through cooperative agreements with members of the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR) and Principal Investigators, including Cancer Care Ontario (grant U01 CA69467), Columbia University (grant U01 CA69398), Fox Chase Cancer Center (grant U01 CA69631), Huntsman Cancer Institute (grant U01 CA69446), Northern California Cancer Center (grant U01 CA69417), University of Melbourne (grant U01 CA69638) and Research Triangle Institute Informatics Support Center (RFP N02PC45022-46). The content of this article does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating BCFR centers, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government or the BCFR. JLH is a National Health and Medical Research (NHMRC) Australia Fellow and Victorian Breast Cancer Consortium Group Leader, and MCS is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow and Victorian Breast Cancer Consortium Group Leader. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification fragments were analysed by the Australian Genome Research Facility (AGRF), Melbourne, Australia. AGRF is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia.
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- Southey MC, Tesoriero AA, Andersen CR, Jennings KM, Brown SM, Dite GS, Jenkins MA, Osborne RH, Maskiell JA, Porter L, Giles GG, McCredie MR, Hopper JL, Venter DJ: BRCA1 mutations and other sequence variants in a population based sample of Australian women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1999, 79: 34-39. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690008.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Hopper JL, Southey MC, Dite GS, Jolley DJ, Giles GG, McCredie MR, Easton DF, Venter DJ, Australian Breast Cancer Family Study: Population-based estimate of the average age-specific cumulative risk of breast cancer for a defined set of protein-truncating mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999, 8: 741-747.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ozcelik H, Knight JA, Glendon G, Yazici H, Carson N, Ainsworth PJ, Taylor SA, Feilotter H, Carter RF, Boyd NF, Andrulis IL, Ontario Cancer Genetics Network: Individual and family characteristics associated with protein truncating BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in an Ontario population based series from the Cooperative Family for Breast Cancer Studies. J Med Genet. 2003, 40: e91-10.1136/jmg.40.8.e91.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Agata S, Dalla Palma M, Callegaro M, Scaini MC, Menin C, Ghiotto C, Nicoletto O, Zavagno G, Chieco-Bianchi L, D'Andrea E, Montagna M: Large genomic deletions inactivate the BRCA2 gene in breast cancer families. J Med Genet. 2005, 42: e64-10.1136/jmg.2005.032789.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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DBR Pumpen Asia Pacific Pte Ltd
Centrifugal Pumps, Cooling System, Centrifugal
This pump is only manufactured in a vertical design. The DV series pumps are designed for long and reliable service life. The pumps are radially split and the complete element can be dismantled independently of motor and piping connection. The pump is noted for its robust construction and operating reliability. Special hydraulic design ensures a compact unit with modest space requirement and light-weight parts. The shaft is guided between an anti friction ball bearing and bearing bush.
They are used in ships' engine room for general purposes such as delivery of sea water, fresh water, bilge water and similar media. For more information, pls visit DBR Pumpen website.
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The DS series pumps are designed for long and reliable service life. The pumps have a back pull out design. If fitted with a spacer coupling, the rotor element can be easily dismantled without the removal of motor and piping connection. The pump is strengthened by its three bearing structure.
They are used in applications such as water supply system, irrigation system, rainwater harvesting system, district heating system, water cooling system, heating and air-conditioning system, and many mor
DMC pumps are single stage, single suction and vertical in line centrifugal pumps. It has a radially split design along with replaceable casing wear rings. This series is known for its simplicity and reliable service life.
They are used as cooling water and ballast pumps
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It's Been a Year
I've been awfully quiet this year. You don't have to tell me. I never thought I would be one of those bloggers to go silent for months at a time with barely a peep. But I also never really expected this past year to be what it has been. We started out the year with the passing of my … [Read More...]
Love on Four Legs
It has been a while since you've heard from me. Between the move and a number of other life changes, we've been pretty busy. A few weeks ago, Alex and I welcomed a beautiful German Shepherd boy into our family. He was a stray found in a nearby county and brought to one of the local shelters. They … [Read More...]
2015: The Year in Instagram
Well, friends, here we are again. At the end of another year. How did that happen so quickly? 2015 was quite a year for us - a wedding, a honeymoon, … [Read More...]
Raisin-Filled Holiday Ring
Raisin-Filled Holiday Ring is flavored with cinnamon, orange and almonds for the perfect Christmas morning breakfast. This post is sponsored by Red … [Read More...]
90-Minute Buttercrust Bread
Quick and easy sandwich bread is done in 90 minutes, start to finish. You're closer to fluffy, soft sandwich bread perfection than you think. This … [Read More...]
Chicken Pot Pie for Two
Chicken pot pie for two is made with a creamy filling and topped with buttery puff pastry. And it's perfectly portioned for just two people! Have … [Read More...]
Corn Cheddar Bubble Loaf
Corn Cheddar Bubble Loaf adds the toothsome bite of cornmeal to yeast bread. Serve alongside soup or chili for a great fall meal. This post is … [Read More...]
Apple Turnovers
Apples and cinnamon tucked into puff pastry make the perfect apple turnovers, perfectly portioned just for two! Turnovers are really just a … [Read More...]
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The 10th anniversary Linux Beer Hike
Geek Trek
Happy birthday, LBW! Ten years of hacking, hiking, and beer tasting – the movable feast wanders back to Bavaria.
It all started in May 1999 on a dark Saturday afternoon in Prague, when 15 geeks from America, Russia, Germany, and England met at 5pm on the Charles Bridge …
This sounds like the opening of a thriller, except that the people on the bridge weren't exchanging spies or money but were frantically waving penguins and trying to recognize each other. "Look for a small Russian with a small camera with a big lens and a stuffed penguin," one of the attending geeks told the mailing list.
It was during that first meeting (LBW 0.99) that the geeks decided on a format for the Linux Beer Hike [1]: Not a huge conference with hundreds of participants and speakers (as originally suggested), but rather an informal geek meeting in a place with good hiking opportunities, interesting local cuisine, and accommodation for every budget. Finding a date and location was pretty easy. Because there was a solar eclipse in Germany in August 1999, it was decided to hold the first Beer Hike in Tüchersfeld/Pottenstein, Bavaria.
The LBW is a week-long event that takes place in a different European country each summer, drawing together Open Source and Free Software enthusiasts and friends from more than a dozen different countries. The Beer Hike is an entirely volunteer-run event, funded from a combination of donations among the attendees toward the cost of the hall, Internet access, and other expenses.
Walking Back in Time
The Linux Bier Wanderung returned to Germany for its 10th anniversary, which took place from August 15 to 23 in Helmbrechts [2], Bavaria. Around 45 people from various countries turned up to celebrate. Several hikes and excursions, the traditional potluck (including the competition "New Zealand pancakes vs. Austrian Palatschinken"), beer and Schnitzel tastings, and a visit to the first LBW location (Figure 1) happened during the week.
Many hikers reminisced about previous LBWs: "Do you remember how we sat under a gazebo with a couple of desktop PCs next to a van in the rain trying not to get the hardware wet?" "No, but do you remember how we drank the brewery in Coniston dry?" "Yes, but their beer was better than the peach beer we had in Belgium!" And so on … .
Much has changed over the past 10 years. First there were desktops, then laptops, and now the geeks are hacking on netbooks or mobile phones. Digital cameras were pretty rare during the first events, and Linux on laptops was a real challenge. Also, the geeks no longer have to build antennas on rooftops or cow meadows for wireless service, in that many areas now provide fast (wireless) Internet access.
To The Next Ten!
Something that hasn't changed in the last 10 years is the spirit of the event: Friends from around the world get together to have a good time. The fact that eight people from the first LBW are still attending the event (Figure 2) speaks for itself: The LBW is about friendship and community, and I'm happy to be a part of it.
- The Linux Beer Hike: http://www.linuxbierwanderung.org/
- City of Helmbrechts: http://www.stadt-helmbrechts.de/
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Munich Plans to Ditch Linux and Go Back to Windows
A major setback for the Linux desktop.
Linux Kernel 4.10 Comes with New Security Features
Improved support for GPU in virtualization.
OpenSUSE Site Hacked
News site for the openSUSE community falls victim to a Wordpress exploit.
LibreOffice Goes Online with 5.3 Release
The source code is available online.
Microsoft Brings Clear Linux OS to Azure
One out of three virtual machines on Microsoft Azure Cloud run Linux.
ASUS Announces a Single-Board Computer
The form factor of the board makes it a drop-in replacement for Raspberry Pi.
Red Hat Releases RHEL 6.9 Beta
Makes it easier for customers to move workloads into container-centric applications.
SUSE Working on a New Operating System Called MicroOS
SUSE's answer to container-centric operating systems.
Biggest Kernel Release Ever
Linux 4.9 is the biggest release in terms of number of commits.
CentOS Linux 7 (1611) Released
The latest version of the official RHEL clone is here.


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Kempsey Shire Council recently purchased a Robotic Total Station from CR Kennedy. The service from Nathan Thompson was exceptional in providing Council with the right equipment at a competitive price. The instrument was delivered on site within a week and Zoot Ngui gave a comprehensive rundown of the operational features of the machine. Zoot also worked to provide Council with a file that has Councils preset coding to import into Captivate software. We could not be happier with our purchase...Read More
About Us
C.R.Kennedy & Co is the largest national importer and distributor of surveying equipment in Australia, and the exclusive distributor for Leica Geosystems. Our four divisions specialise in Surveying, Medical, Photographic, and CCTV/Surveillance industries.
With offices and service centres in all most capital cities, we can offer a service that matches the calibre of the brands we carry.
We carry a comprehensive range of hire equipment covering most survey and measurement applications. This includes: Leica SmartStation (TPS with integrated GPS) Leica TPS.
The project is being delivered by six work packages, including the Rail Systems project team which is responsible for delivering the project's signalling, train control and communications technology.
"I just wanted to send a quick note to let you know how much I appreciate CR Kennedy's, and in particular Tony Richards, support over the past few weeks. We have had some trying issues lately and it is great to know that we can call on such a responsive service. It is unrivalled in the industry.
Keep up the good work!"
James Sanderson
Land Surveys


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200 MILLION Barrels Of Oil Sit In Idle Tankers Waiting To Unload At Chinese Ports
– 200M Barrels Of Oil Sit In Idle Tankers Waiting To Unload At Chinese Ports:
There is a new drama on the oil front: those who have it in excess can't get it to those who want it—at least not quickly enough for everyone to be happy.
A recent Reuters story reveals that tankers carrying around 200 million barrels of crude are waiting to leave or dock at ports around the world, creating "the world's biggest traffic jam."
One would think that producers and consumers of the world's most abundant commodity would have had time enough to adjust their port capacities, but apparently this is not the case. Middle East ports are choking on the oil waiting to be loaded onto tankers and shipped to Asia, and Asian ports are forcing tankers to wait for weeks before unloading because their infrastructure can't cope with these amounts of oil.
* * *
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Tags: China, Economy, Global News, Government, Oil, Oil Prices, Politics
What Oil Production Freeze: Russia Just Revealed The Laughable Loophole In The OPEC "Agreement"
– What Oil Production Freeze: Russia Just Revealed The Laughable Loophole In The OPEC "Agreement":
The main catalyst that pushed the price of oil from a 13 year low in early February, when crude briefly traded in the mid-$20 to well over 50% higher less than one month later in one of the world's most furious short squeezes, was the recurring infatuation with the fabricated narrative that OPEC would if not cut production then, then at least freeze it.
We mocked this, as recently as one month ago, when we wrote "About That "Oil Freeze": Russian Crude Production Sets New Post-Soviet Record In February" an article which was self-explanatory:
… according to calculations by Bloomberg's Julian Lee, Russian crude and condensate production just set new post-Soviet daily record of 10.92m bbl yesterday. Continue reading »
Tags: Economy, Global News, Government, Oil, Oil Prices, OPEC, Politics, Russia
– The Curious Case Of The 550 Million Missing Barrels Of Crude Oil:
Crude oil production exceeded consumption by an average of 0.9 million barrels per day in 2014 and 2.0 million bpd in 2015. This means that as of this moment, about 550 million "missing barrels" are unaccounted for "apparently produced but not consumed and not visible in the inventory statistics."
* * *
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Tags: Economy, Global News, Oil
And it has only just begun.
– Is This The Biggest Crisis In History?:
Talking of Oil and Gold, last week Deutsche Bank showed a long-term graph of Oil in real adjusted terms, showing that the average real price since 1861 was $47.
Following on from that, Deutsche notes one ratio they occasionally look at is the ratio of various assets to the price of Gold…
Today we update the Oil/Gold ratio back to 1865 and find that the Gold price has just hit an all time high at around 44 times the price of Oil.
The previous high of 41 in 1892 has just been exceeded. Continue reading »
Tags: Economy, Global News, Gold, Oil, Oil Prices
BP's Stunning Warning: "Every Oil Storage Tank Will Be Full In A Few Months"
Wait until the the real war is starting.
– John Kerry Makes Last Ditch Effort To Avert World War III As Saudis, Turks Prepare For Syria Invasion
– BP's Stunning Warning: "Every Oil Storage Tank Will Be Full In A Few Months"
Tags: Economy, Global News, Oil, Oil Prices
Four Days After Predicting Oil Will Double, T. Boone Pickens Sells All Oil Holdings
– Four Days After Predicting Oil Will Double, T. Boone Pickens Sells All Oil Holdings:
Just four days ago, on Monday afternoon, "legendary" oilman T Boone Pickens said that crude has hit bottom at $26 per barrel, and predicting that prices should double within 12 months.
Pickens then doubled-down on his wrong call from last year, telling CNBC's "Squawk Box" that oil prices will rise to at least $52 per barrel by the end of the year. That said, he was at least honest enough to admit that his virtually identical call from last year, when he thought prices would strongly rebound, was wrong. Continue reading »
Tags: Economy, Global News, Oil, Oil Prices, T Boone Pickens
Oil Prices Slide so Far Some Crude Is Now Worth LITERALLY Less than Nothing
– Oil Prices Slide so Far Some Crude Is Now Worth Literally Less than Nothing:
From a glut in the U.S. supply to fears concerning what will happen now that sanctions on Iran have been lifted, the market for oil is tanking considerably — so much so that one supplier of crude in North Dakota finds itself in the odd position of paying people to take its product.
North Dakota Sour, a high-sulfur crude that's more expensive to refine than other varieties, has now been listed at -$0.50 per barrel — down from $13.50 per barrel a year ago and $47.60 per barrel in 2014, Bloomberg reported. Continue reading »
Tags: Economy, Global News, Oil, Oil Prices
Iran Unleashes Oil Flood, Will Quintuple Crude Revenue In 2016
"Even if oil hovers between $30 and $35 a barrel, Iran will be pulling in some $3 billion a month by summer and nearly $4 billion a month by December."
– Iran Unleashes Oil Flood, Will Quintuple Crude Revenue In 2016:
On Saturday, Iran marked what President Hassan Rouhani called a "golden page" in the country's history when the IAEA ruled that Tehran had stuck to its commitments under last year's nuclear accord.
Moments after the ruling was handed down, the US and the EU each lifted nuclear-related financial and economic sanctions on the "pariah state," much to the chagrin of Israel and Tehran's regional rivals who view the West's rapprochement with the Iranians with deep suspicion.
"Everybody is happy except the Zionists, the warmongers who are fuelling sectarian war among the Islamic nation, and the hardliners in the U.S. congress," Rouhani said, referring directly to Israel, the Saudis, and GOP lawmakers in the US. Continue reading »
Tags: Global News, Government, Iran, Oil, Politics, U.S.
1,000 crack British troops deployed to Libyan oil fields to 'halt the advance of ISIS'
– 1,000 crack British troops deployed to Libyan oil fields to 'halt the advance of ISIS':
British Special Forces have been deployed in Libya to wrest back control of more than a dozen oil fields seized by Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) militants, it has emerged.
Approximately 6,000 European and US soldiers, including 1,000 British troops, will be involved in a number of offensives set up to halt the advance of the jihadist terror group.
The operation will be led by Italian forces and supported mainly by Britain and France. Continue reading »
Tags: Daesh, Global News, Government, ISIL, ISIS, Libya, Military, Oil, Politics, SAS, U.K.
The Biggest Threat To Oil Prices: 2-Mile Long Stretch Of Iraq Oil Tankers Headed For The U.S.
Iran Is Hiding 51 Million Oil Barrels At Sea, Maritime Tracker Reports
– Iran Is Hiding 51 Million Oil Barrels At Sea, Maritime Tracker Reports (ZeroHedge, July 17, 2015):
With yesterday's appearance what seems like the first Iran oil tanker to set sail post-nuke-deal, Haaretz reports that Iran has been hiding millions of barrels of oil it never reported to the United States or in the world oil market, according to a company that has developed sophisticated maritime tracking technology. With the world's fourth-largest oil reserves, Iran denies it's storing oil at sea, despite reports that surfaced in The New York Times as early as 2012; but Ami Daniel, Windward founder and cochairman, shows "the Iranians are taking huge, 280-meter-long ships and filling them with oil, to sit at sea and wait. Because the sanctions allow for production of only three million barrels a day, they began storing the remainder… oil tankers have been sitting in the Gulf for anywhere between three and six months, just waiting for orders." Continue reading »
Tags: Economy, Global News, Government, Iran, Oil, Politics
– New Technology Could End The Debate Over Pipeline Safety (The Oil Price, Aug 27, 2014):
Who could have ever imagined that North America would surpass Saudi Arabia as the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas liquids? A decade ago, that would have seemed laughable.
Yet that's exactly what has happened; and it's not just Saudi Arabia that has been left in North America's dust — Russia has, too.
The surge in North American oil and gas production is arguably the most important development in energy over the last decade. That's the good news. The not so good news is that North America doesn't have nearly enough oil and gas pipelines to accommodate its 11-million-barrel-a-day output level. Continue reading »
Tags: Oil, Technology
– U.S. Seen as Biggest Oil Producer After Overtaking Saudi Arabia (Bloomberg, July 4, 2014):
The U.S. will remain the world's biggest oil producer this year after overtaking Saudi Arabia and Russia as extraction of energy from shale rock spurs the nation's economic recovery, Bank of America Corp. said.
U.S. production of crude oil, along with liquids separated from natural gas, surpassed all other countries this year with daily output exceeding 11 million barrels in the first quarter, the bank said in a report today. The country became the world's largest natural gas producer in 2010. The International Energy Agency said in June that the U.S. was the biggest producer of oil and natural gas liquids.
"The U.S. increase in supply is a very meaningful chunk of oil," Francisco Blanch, the bank's head of commodities research, said by phone from New York. "The shale boom is playing a key role in the U.S. recovery. If the U.S. didn't have this energy supply, prices at the pump would be completely unaffordable." Continue reading »
Tags: Economy, Global News, Oil, Saudi Arabia, U.S.
Chris Martenson: The People Will Get Wiped Out In Coming Crash (Video)
Added: Jun 29, 2014
Chris Martenson, who holds a PhD in pathology and an MBA, contends 2008 was just a warm up to a much bigger calamity. Martenson says, "2008 was the shot across the bow, and that's when our credit experiment broke, and we have been doing everything possible to paper over it since. . . . When you take real stuff out of the ground, you grow food, you take oil out of the ground, you process ore into steel, and you manufacture real things–that's real wealth. The claims (such as stocks, bonds and currencies) have to be in proportion to the real wealth, and the claims have been growing and growing and growing for so long that they are way out of balance to the real stuff, and the real stuff isn't growing like it used to. You can see that in the GDP numbers for the U.S. or the world at large. Growth is slowing, slowing, slowing, and the claims are getting larger and larger. This represents a huge and gigantic source of potential energy. There is a gap there and it's going to get closed. Only one of two things are going to happen: (1) real stuff starts expanding like crazy, or (2) the claims get destroyed. That's what we are talking about when we talk about a market crash. The claims get destroyed. People get wiped out. The people who don't get ruined are people safely over in the real wealth already. If you own an unencumbered farm, if you own a productive asset, if you own gold or silver, or if you own your house outright, you are going to be vastly safer than . . . someone who is leveraged and hinged into this other system."
Join Greg Hunter as he goes One-on-One with Chris Martenson co-founder of PeakProsperity.com.
Tags: Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaida, Barack Obama, Bonds, China, Chris Martenson, Collapse, Debt, Derivatives, Derivatives market, Economy, Egypt, EU, Europe, Global News, Gold, Government, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Middle Class, Middle East, Military, Obama administration, Oil, Oil Prices, Politics, Quantitative Easing, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Silver, Syria, Terrorism, U.S., Ukraine, Weimar Republic
Algae To Crude Oil: Million-Year Natural Process Takes Minutes In The Lab
– Algae to crude oil: Million-year natural process takes minutes in the lab (PNNL, Dec 17, 2013)
Tags: Energy, Oil, Technology
People Living Downwind Of Alberta's Oil And Tar Sands Operations Are Getting Blood Cancer
– People Who Live Downwind Of Alberta's Oil And Tar Sands Operations Are Getting Blood Cancer (Climate Progress, Oct 28, 2013):
A new study has found that levels of air pollution downwind of the largest tar sands, oil and gas producing region in Canada rival levels found in the world's most polluted cities. And that pollution isn't just dirtying the air — it also could be tied increased incidence of blood cancers in men that live in the area.The study, published last week by researchers from University of California Irvine and the University of Michigan, found levels of carcinogenic air pollutants 1,3-butadiene and benzene spiked in the Fort Saskatchewan area, which is downwind of the oil and tar sands-rich "Industrial Heartland" of Alberta. Airborne levels of 1,3-butadiene were 322 times greater downwind of the Industrial Heartland — which houses more than 40 major chemical, petrochemical and oil and gas facilities — than upwind, while downwind levels of benzene were 51 times greater. Levels of some volatile organic compounds — which, depending on the compound, have been linked to liver, kidney and central nervous system damage as well as cancer — were 6,000 times higher than normal. The area saw concentrations of some chemicals that were higher than levels in Mexico City during the 1990s, when it was the most polluted city on the planet.
Tags: Alberta, Benzene, Blood, Blood Cancer, Canada, Cancer, Environment, Global News, Health, Oil, Pollution
China Is Now The World's Largest Importer Of Oil – What Next?
– China Is Now The World's Largest Importer Of Oil – What Next? (Oil Price, Oct 15, 2013):
Last month the world witnessed a paradigm shift: China surpassed the United States as the world's largest consumer of foreign oil, importing 6.3 million barrels per day compared to the United States' 6.24 million. This trend is likely to continue and this gap is likely to grow, according to the EIA's October short-term energy outlook. Wood Mackenzie, a leading global energy consultancy, echoed this prediction, estimating Chinese oil imports will rise to 9.2 million barrels per day (70% of total demand) by 2020.
This trend has been driven by a combination of factors. Booming American oil production, slow post-recovery growth, and increasing vehicle efficiency have all served to reduce crude imports. In China, however, continued economic growth has brought with it a growing middle class eager to take to the road. While the automobile market had cooled earlier this year, September saw sales rise by 21%—a trend that is putting increasing strain on China's infrastructure and air quality in addition to oil demand.
Some of the world's largest traffic jams are now commonplace in major Chinese cities, and air quality issues have pushed authorities to pursue synthetic natural gas technology to offset the need for coal-fired electricity. Increasing oil consumption will only serve to exacerbate these issues.
Tags: China, Economy, Global News, Government, Oil, Politics
– State Of Emergency Declared As Another Oil/Gas Train Derails In Canada (ZeroHedge, Oct 19, 2013)
Tags: Canada, Environment, Global News, Oil
Canadian Billionaire Ned Goodman Predicts End Of U.S. Dollar As World's Reserve Currency (Video)
YouTube Added: 15.09.2013
Canadian billionaire businessman Ned Goodman predicts the end of the U.S. Dollar as the world's reserve currency. He predicts the transition out of the U.S. Dollar will become, "…quite ugly." He delivered the lecture at Cambridge House's Toronto Resource Investment Conference 2013 on Thursday, September 12, 2013.
Stay Connected!
Tags: Barack Obama, Bonds, China, Currency War, Debt, Dollar, Fed, Federal Reserve, Global News, Government, Henry Kissinger, Inflation, Israel, Middle East, Military, Ned Goodman, Obama administration, Oil, Politics, Russia, Silver, Syria, U.S., Vladimir Putin
– Why the US, UK, EU & Israel hate Syria (RT, by political analyst Adrian Salbuchi, Sep 9, 2013):
A young, soft-spoken girl living the Syrian tragedy spells it out with far more common sense, truth and honesty than powerful Western governments and their money-controlled mass media puppets.
Identifying herself only as "Syrian, Patriot, anti-Neocon, anti-NWO, anti-Zionist", early last year she set up her own YouTube Channel (YouTube/User/SyrianGirlpartisan).
In a short (nine-minute) video she explains "eight reasons why the NWO (New World Order) hates Syria." We would all do well to listen in…
Her 'Top Eight Reasons Why They Hate Us' is an excellent wrap-up, applicable to just about every self-respecting country in the world: no Rothschild-controlled Central Bank, no IMF debt, no genetically modified foods, oil and pipelines, anti-secret societies, anti-Zionism, secularism and nationalism.
Tags: Barack Obama, Dictatorship, Economy, EU, Europe, Genetically Modified Organisms, Global News, GMO, Government, IMF, Israel, Middle East, Neoconservatives, New World Order, Obama administration, Oil, Politics, Rothschild, Syria, U.S., Zionism
Jim Rogers: US & Syria War, Printing Money = MARKET COLLAPSE! Be Prepared! (Video)
YouTube Added: 31.08.2013
Tags: Barack Obama, Ben Bernanke, Fed, Federal Reserve, Global News, Gold, Government, India, Indonesia, Middle East, Military, Obama administration, Oil, Oil Prices, Politics, Silver, Syria, U.S.
– The Biggest Oil Discovery In 50 Years? (Economic Collapse, July 23, 2013):
In a virtually uninhabitable section of South Australia, a discovery has been made which could rock the world. Some are calling it the biggest discovery of oil in 50 years. Earlier this year, a company called Linc Energy announced that tests had revealed that there was a minimum of 3.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent sitting under more than 65,000 square kilometres of land that it owns in the Arckaringa Basin. But that is the minimum number. It has been projected that there could ultimately be up to 233 billion barrels of recoverable oil in the area. If that turns out to be accurate, the oil sitting under that land is worth approximately 20 trillion dollars, and it would be roughly equivalent to the total amount of oil sitting under the sands of Saudi Arabia. In essence, it would be a massive game changer.
If the 233 billion barrel figure is accurate (and some have even suggested that the true number could actually be 400 billion barrels), that would make it nearly 10 times larger than the Bakken formation, 17 times larger than the Marcellus discovery and 80 times larger than the Eagle Ford deposit down in Texas.
It would also mean that Australia now has more "black gold" than the nations of Iran, Iraq, Canada and Venezuela.
Tags: Australia, Economy, Global News, Oil
Africa: Small Country Of Gabon To 'Seize' Chinese Oil Exploration Assets
– Small African Country To "Seize" Chinese Oil Exploration Assets (ZeroHedge, June 5, 2013):
It's one thing for broke Argentina to nationalize assets of just as broke Spain. However when tiny west-African country Gabon decides to "seize" assets from three international oil companies including China's petrochemical giant Sinopec, things not only get interesting, but puts a brand new pawn on the global geopolitical chessboard. But why is Gabon seeking to antagonize some of the primary participants in its crude extraction supply chain? Simple: leverage, or its own perception thereof. As the FT reports, this surprising move comes as Gabon prepares to "launch a licensing round for the deep waters off its coast. Experts say reserves in the Gabon Basin could rival deep offshore discoveries in Brazil."
So what happens next? The same as when every banana republic reverts to its banana republic stats – corporate partners are alienated, a rogue oligarchic regime proceeds to spend whatever money it has managed to steal in recent years, the government is destabilized, a military coup follows, currency devaluation, hyperinflation, economic collapse, until one oligarch is replaced with another (future) who attempts to restore relations with the same corporations that are being nationalized today.
Tensions between the industry and Gabon's oil ministry come as a number of African countries attempt to wrest better terms from foreign multinationals and clamp down on transfer pricing and tax evasion.
Tags: Africa, China, Economy, gabon, Global News, Government, Oil, Politics
FLASHBACK: Former UK Ambassador: CIA Sent People To Uzbekistan For Extreme Torture: 'Raped With Broken Bottles' – 'Boiled Alive' – 'Having Their Children Tortured In Front Of Them'
– Former UK ambassador: CIA sent people to Uzbekistan for extreme torture, to be 'raped with broken bottles,' 'boiled alive' and 'having their children tortured in front of them' (Nov 4, 2009)
Tags: Afghanistan, Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaida, Children, CIA, Craig Murray, Crime, Gas, George Bush, Global News, Government, Hamid Karzai, Human Rights, Interrogation, Military, NATO, Oil, Osama Bin Laden, Politics, Rendition, Terrorism, Terrorists, Torture, U.K., U.S., Uzbekistan, War, War Crimes, War on Terror
– Insight: California environmentalists fear frack fight a distraction (Reuters, May 28, 2013):
As California sets the ground rules for drilling in the Monterey oil formation, a hard-to-reach shale reserve that is the largest in the United States, some environmentalists worry that politicians, regulators and fellow activists are fighting the wrong battle.
Tags: Economy, Environment, Fracking, Gas, Global News, Health, Oil
– China Is Reaping Biggest Benefits of Iraq Oil Boom (New York Times, June 2, 2013):
BAGHDAD — Since the American-led invasion of 2003, Iraq has become one of the world's top oil producers, and China is now its biggest customer.
China already buys nearly half the oil that Iraq produces, nearly 1.5 million barrels a day, and is angling for an even bigger share, bidding for a stake now owned by Exxon Mobil in one of Iraq's largest oil fields.
"The Chinese are the biggest beneficiary of this post-Saddam oil boom in Iraq," said Denise Natali, a Middle East expert at the National Defense University in Washington. "They need energy, and they want to get into the market."
Tags: China, Economy, Exxon, Government, Iraq, Oil, Politics
Major oil spill in U.S. after pipeline bursts — 40 miles from Arkansas nuclear plant at 'emergency Level 4' — "Like a river" of crude — Nearly 500,000 gallons spilled (VIDEO)
– Petrogold: Are Russia And China Hoarding Gold Because They Plan To Kill The Petrodollar? (Economic Collapse, Feb 12, 2013):
Will oil soon be traded in a currency that is thousands of years old? What would a "gold for oil" system mean for the petrodollar and the U.S. economy? Are Russia and China hoarding massive amounts of gold because they plan to kill the petrodollar? Since the 1970s, the U.S. dollar has been the currency that the international community has used to trade oil around the globe. This has created an overwhelming demand for U.S. dollars and U.S. debt. But what happens when the rest of the globe starts rejecting the increasingly unstable U.S. dollar and figures out that gold can be used as a currency in international trade? The truth is that it doesn't take a lot of imagination to figure that out. Demand for the U.S. dollar and U.S. debt would fall off the map and there would be a rush into gold unlike anything we have ever seen before. So are Russia and China accumulating unprecedented amounts of gold right now because they eventually plan to cut the legs out from under the petrodollar and they want to gobble up huge stockpiles of gold before the cat is out of the bag? Of course they will never admit this publicly, but there are rumblings out there that this is exactly what is happening. Continue reading »
Tags: Barack Obama, Central Bank, China, Dollar, Economy, Fed, Federal Reserve, Global News, Gold, Government, Obama administration, Oil, Politics, U.S.
Libya 2.O. There is only one major problem with Syria (or Syria would have been finished off a long time ago) and that is Russia:
– Russia's Chief of Staff General Nikolai Makarov: Russia Not To End Military Presence In Syria
– Russia: Military Intervention In Syria Will Lead To Catastrophe (Video)
– Russia Sends Three Warships To Syria Carrying Hundreds Of Marines
Related info:
– Syrian Insurgents Reject West-Imposed Coalition, Declare Own Islamic State
– 'Clinton & Al-Qaeda On One Side Of Syrian War Barricades' (Video)
– The CIA's Muslim 'Outfit,' – The Muslim Brotherhood (Veterans Today)
– US-Created "Syrian Opposition" Led by Big Oil Rep (Activist Post, Nov 25, 2012):
A year ago, it was reported that Libya's new NATO-installed prime minister, Abdurrahim el-Keib, was in fact a long-time US resident, having taught at the University of Alabama and was formally employed by the Petroleum Institute, based in Abu Dhabi, UAE and sponsored by British Petroleum (BP), Shell, France's Total, the Japan Oil Development Company, and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. El-Keib is listed as a "Professor and Chairman" in his Petroleum Institute profile which also describes extensive research conducted by him sponsored by various US government agencies and departments over the years.
His long history of serving and working in coordination with Western governments and corporations made him and his collaborators the ideal candidates to prepare Libya for its place within the Wall Street-London international order.
Now it is revealed that the US-handpicked opposition, announced in Doha, Qatar earlier this month, is led by a similarly compromised figure, Moaz al-Khatib. The corporate-financier-funded Carnegie Endowment for International Peace reported of al-Khatib that:
Tags: Al-Qaeda, Al-Qaida, Barack Obama, BP, Civil war, Economy, Global News, Government, Middle East, Military, Moaz al-Khatib, Muslim Brotherhood, Obama administration, Oil, Politics, Syria, Terrorism, Terrorists, U.S., War


text: Why Don't Ask, Don't Tell Won't Just End Right NowIrin Carmon10/18/10 3:52pm79EditPromoteGo to permalinkAs a judge decides, most likely by this afternoon, whether to allow the government keep enforcing Don't Ask Don't Tell, gay rights advocates are understandably furious. Why can't Obama just live up to his promises? The answer is complex.


text:
Dear Richard,
The first time I met Richard was on a sweltering day. Beads of sweat lay like tiny jewels on his forehead. In spite of the heat his face was pale. I put out my hand and he beamed as he grabbed mine. As we began to chat, I suddenly asked, "would you like a drink?"
"No, I don't drink," he said brusquely.
("People must assume he's drinks too much because he's without a home." I thought.)
"No, I meant water. I thought you might be thirsty. Can't you sit in the shade?"
"Every time I find shade, they come out and tell me to move on."
I slipped something into the palm of his hand. "I hope that helps"
"Thank you," he mumbled.
I saw my friend Richard a few more times on my way to the store or Starbucks on my bike. We would have a brief chat. One day when I drove by in my car, I saw a gentleman, parked next to Richard – they were engaged in conversation. A few other times I saw him chatting with people. It always appeared like they were old friends at a backyard gathering. I didn't stop those times.
I drove by his "spot" a few times recently and noticed it empty. Even his cart of "household belongings" was gone.
I deliberately drove by the bank wall where his "home base" was the other day. I almost slammed on my brakes when I saw this display next to the bank: a grouping of flowers, a shoebox and many candles, a picture of Richard prominently displayed in the middle and a sign, "R.I.P." underneath. Sadness took over my heart as I prayed, "You know where he is, Lord."
This memory has brought to mind the story Jesus shared in a parable about a wealthy man (the bank) and a poor man (a man without a home).
The Rich Man and Lazarus
"There was once a rich man, expensively dressed in the latest fashion, wasting his days in conspicuous consumption. A poor man named Lazarus, covered with sores, had been dumped on his doorstep. All he lived for was to get a meal from scraps off the rich man's table. His best friends were the dogs who came and licked his sores.
Then he died and was taken up by angels to "heaven" (paraphrase mine). Msg Luke 16: 19-22
Richard has blessed me with a friendship that has left my heart full of memories, but empty of his presence.
Thank you friend


text:
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[Cross-Post] Take the Lead on Learning with BYOD and Mobile Devices in K-12 Classrooms
Open up access to enhanced teaching and learning resources utilizing BYOD with Cisco BYOD Solutions for K12 Education. Read the EducationRead More
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Cisco @ Interop – It is All about Solutions that Solve Problems
Usually at shows like Interop Las Vegas 2013, attendees wander around the show floor looking at all the new productsRead More
- Mobility
See How Organizations Use Cisco ISE to Centralize Policy and Secure Access
Activate the IT Transformation with Unified Access: Part 4 – Centralized Policy, Control, and Enforcement Wednesday, May 15, 2013 10am-11amRead More
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Next Phase of Transforming the Mobile Experience
Like a lot of us in IT, I'm into electronics. I enjoy visiting stores to get the actual hands-on experienceRead More
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MGM Resorts International Bets on Cisco; Double Downs on Wi-Fi Connectivity
Planning your summer travel and vacation destinations? Where are you headed and what kind of resort experience will you considerRead More


text:
Therm-a-Rest Adara HD
Where to Buy
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Retailers' Descriptions
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Free Shipping. Therm-a-Rest Women's Adara HD Sleeping Bag FEATURES of the Therm-a-Rest Women's Adara HD Sleeping Bag Zoned Insulation design features box-baffled 750+ fill Hydrophobic Down with sewn-through insulated bottom Reflective ThermaCapture(TM) lining for added warmth without excess weight or bulk. ToeAsis(TM) Foot warmer Pocket. Solid. Heat trapping draft collar and full-length zipper draft tube Women's specific differential cut maximizes loft Snag-free zipper. So no snags. Cinchable hood helps lock in warmth External zip pocket for stowing super important stuff Stuffsack and storage sack are totally included FYI - Once much closer to the sun than it is now, Adara was the brightest star in the sky. No other star since has been as bright, and it won't be surpassed for at least another 5 million years.
- Moosejaw
A true winter sleeping bag, the Therma-a-Rest Women's Adara HD Sleeping Bag will keep you warm when the temperatures plummet with a comfort rating of 22-degrees Fahrenheit. Great for winter camping, this lightweight pack weighs just about 2. 5lb, so it won't weigh you down when you're moving quickly through the backcountry. The exclusive ThermaCapture reflective lining captures your body's radiant heat to add warmth without adding weight or bulk. And for cozy toes, Therm-a-Rest's patent-pending Toeasis pocket gives your feet their own little chamber to make it easier to stay warm. Hydrophobic down will remain warm if it happens to get wet, and the zoned insulation places 85% of the fill at the top of the bag, leaving the Synergylink mattress connectors allow your mattress to do most of the insulating between you and the ground. The full-length zipper is backed by an insulated draft tube, and the bag's cinchable hood with draft collar let you hunker down for warm night's sleep in the depths of winter.
- Backcountry.com
The Thermarest Adara is Thermarest's warmest women's sleeping bag, delivering four-season comfort with added down in the bottom and draft collar for maximum heat retention. Rated at 0 F (-18 C) this is the sleeping bag that will keep you warm, comfy, and cozy on any cold night. Lightweight and pack-able you'll be able to take it anywhere.
- CampSaver.com
CLOSEOUTS . Therm-a-Restand#39;s 0and#176;F Adara long sleeping bag ensures you donand#39;t face frigid backcountry nights unprepared. Itand#39;s insulated with 750 fill power down and features a ThermaCapture reflective lining to keep you warmer without excess bulk. Available Colors: BLUE NIGHT.
- Sierra Trading Post
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text:
ANAHEIM, Calif. -- Mike Scioscia wasn't kidding when he said things are going to change around the Angels' clubhouse.
The first salvo came after Friday night's 11-6 victory over the San Diego Padres, when slumping second baseman Howie Kendrick was optioned to Triple-A Salt Lake because of his .231 batting average. Maicer Izturis, who started in place of him, tied a career high with four of the Angels' 18 hits.
• Miller: Peavy could miss two to three months
Scioscia held an edgy closed-door meeting with his players following Thursday night's embarrassing 11-1 defeat to the Rays -- their fourth in five games.
"We weren't happy about some of the things we saw in the last couple of games in Tampa, and they were addressed by a lot of guys," Scioscia said. "There's some real leadership in this room, and these guys sensed it. They talked some things out and played a great ballgame tonight. We did a lot of great things on that field and we didn't let up. We need to get back into that grind mode."
The two-time defending AL West champions, who trail first-place Texas by 4½ games, responded quickly after their manager's challenge. In the first inning, they scored three runs -- and it took only three batters to do it. Chone Figgins doubled, Bobby Abreu hit the first of his three RBI singles, and Torii Hunter homered into the left-field bullpen.
"Mike aired us out and got on our butts, and we came out today with a little more fire," Hunter said. "The timing was right. We needed that. You can't get used to losing. And tonight we looked like the team we're supposed to be. We should be like this day in and day out. Mike said the right things and we took heed to it. We tried to leave it all on the field tonight and not be too laid-back. That's what we were doing in Tampa and Detroit."
The mood in the clubhouse was quiet despite the victory because of Kendrick's departure. Hunter, whose locker is right next to his, spoke with the four-year veteran privately before addressing reporters.
"I just talked to him about my experiences getting sent down in 1997 and '98," Hunter said. "Every time I got sent down, I got upset and got a little more fire because I wanted to get back to the major leagues to stay. And that's what he's going to do. This can't do anything but hopefully tick him off and give him a lot more fire."
Scioscia doesn't expect Kendrick to be in the minors for long, but he felt this decision was necessary.
"We feel it's time for Howie to go down and just take a little pressure off of him, let him exhale a little bit, get some at-bats and find his swing," the manager said. "Hopefully it's going to be a big turnaround, but it's tough to search for it up here. I know he's pressing."
Kendry Morales also homered for the Angels and Bobby Abreu had three RBI singles in support of right-hander Matt Palmer (6-0), who allowed four runs -- three earned -- and 10 hits over six innings in his first start since May 30.
Palmer was put back in the rotation after Scioscia and pitching coach Mike Butcher determined that Kelvim Escobar didn't have the stamina to start regularly again after recovering from shoulder surgery last July, and moved him to the bullpen instead.
Chad Gaudin (2-5) gave up eight runs and 10 hits over three-plus innings in his ninth start this season and seventh on the road.
"My velocity was there and my location was there, but they hit it where we weren't," Gaudin said. "I threw a hanging slider to Hunter, which was a bad pitch, but the fastball to Morales was a good pitch. If I had the same situation, I'd throw the same pitch."
Los Angeles broke a 4-all tie with five runs in the fourth, including Morales' leadoff homer.
Kevin Kouzmanoff was 3 for 4 with a two-run homer.


text:
Phishing top threat next year, says security expert
Malware is increasingly being released by organised criminals, with phishing a key threat next year, security technology firm McAfee has warned.
This Article Covers
Risk management
Malware is increasingly being released by organised criminals, with phishing a key threat next year, security technology firm McAfee has warned.
McAfee issued a list of the 10 biggest security threats for 2007, predicting an increase in phishing – stealing passwords by luring users through fake pages from popular websites such as eBay.
New technologies: a source of threat as well as a solution
Learn about fighting the ever evolving ransomware, IoT botnet malware and data manipulation attacks.
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Jeff Green, senior vice-president of McAfee Avert Labs and product development, said, "Within a short period of time, computers have become an intrinsic and essential part of everyday life, and as a result there is a huge potential for monetary gains by malware writers."
Other key threats – which McAfee did not rate in order of magnitude – are an increase in spam, particularly bandwidth-eating image spam, and adware, which the security firm expects to "go mainstream following the increase in commercial potentially unwanted programs".
Increasingly popular technologies and websites are also set to be targeted, with McAfee predicting that hackers will increasingly target MPEG video files to tap the popularity of video sharing, while mobile phone attacks will also become "more prevalent" as mobile technology develops.
Identity theft and data loss will "continue to be a public issue", McAfee warned, while the underground market in software vulnerabilities will continue to make security flaws a threat.
McAfee warned that parasitic malware would "make a comeback" while hackers would make increasing use of bots. A rise in the number of root kits on 32-bit platforms is also predicted.
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