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2009 National Prep Showcase: Elite Prospects
by: Jonathan Givony - President, Joseph Treutlein - Director of Scouting/Analytics
November 24, 2009
DraftExpress was in attendance at the National Prep Showcase this past weekend in New Haven, Connecticut where many of the nations finest prep schools were in action. We take a closer look as some of the elite prospects, including
Will Barton
Andre Drummond
, and
Lorenzo Brown
, amongst others.
Will Barton
, 6-6, Shooting Guard, Brewster Academy, 2010
Committed to Memphis
Jonathan Givony
Mixed emotions is what we came away with watching extremely highly regarded recruit
Will Barton
(#8 Scout, #11 Rivals, #5 ESPN) compete twice at the National Prep Showcase in New Haven, at least from the standpoint of evaluating an elite prospect.
On one hand, the tools he displays are undeniable, with his excellent size, outstanding wingspan, and very nice athleticism. Barton is a scorer through and through, showing great instincts in this area, a real hunger to put the ball in the basket, and the type of swagger and competitiveness that most great players do. He has solid court vision, making some very intelligent passes in drive and dish situations in both the half-court and in transition, as well as a jump-shot that he should be able to develop into a terrific weapon down the road.
Barton displayed the ability to create his own shot and make pull-up and spot-up jumpers from beyond the arc as well as from mid-range, showing supreme confidence in his ability, probably to the point that he was forcing the issue somewhat.
Defensively, Barton has both the tools (size, length, lateral quickness) and the willingness to make his presence felt on this end of the court. He gets down in a stance and will play tough, intense, in-your-face pressure defense looking to shut-down his matchup, showing that same competitiveness that has made many a recruiting analyst fall in love with him on the AAU circuit.
On the downside, Barton has a ways to go before he can be considered the type of teammate others would like to play with, and has a few noticeable holes in his game which could very well become more of an issue against higher level competition.
His ball-handling skills first and foremost need plenty of work, as he shows very little ability to operate with his left hand and struggles in general to create his own shot in the half-court and get all the way to the basket. His decision making and shot-selection were very questionable throughout the course of the weekend, particularly when his team started falling behind and they needed him to make good decisions. He did not look like a particularly efficient scorer in the games we saw, being quite turnover prone as well.
Barton's body language was probably the biggest turnoff from watching him play, as he seems far more concerned with getting his own shots than he is helping his team win games. He would visibly pout and even proceed (on multiple occasions) to chase after his teammates following plays and yell at them for not passing him the ball, even on possessions that his team scored regardless.
Barton is obviously a much better player than he was able to show here in New Havenhe didn't look like he had much to prove here--but he's clearly not a finished product either. He needs to make sure not to let all the accolades he's getting go to his head, because the NBA is still a long ways away at this point. We'll surely see Barton again over the course of the year on the Prep School or All-Star game circuit, and are anxious to see him play up to his true potential.
Andre Drummond
, 6-11, Center, St. Thomas More, 2012
Jonathan Givony
Already considered by many as the top prospect in his high school class,
Andre Drummond
(Scout ?, Rivals ?, #1 ESPN) has garnered an incredible amount of attention for a player only 16 years old.
Drummond was actually a member of the 2011 class, but elected to reclassify before he blew up on the national level, as he was seen as a major project on and off the court who could use another year of high school basketball playing close to home before leaving for college. There is apparently some thought to move him back to his original class to allow him to participate in the McDonald's All-American game and give him the benefit of competing against stronger competition in college that crucial year of development, but no final decision has been made at this point.
From a physical standpoint, it's not difficult to tell why Drummond is as highly touted as he is. He stands a legit 6-11, with a massive wingspan (rumored to be somewhere around 7-5) and a huge frame that will have no problem carrying all the weight he needs at any level of competition. His body is well proportioned and he appears to be about as fluid and coordinated as you could expect a 16-year old to be.
Athletically, Drummond is very solid, running the floor like a deer and looking very quick getting off his feet. He's not what you would call a freak athlete, but certainly will not be held back by his mobility from what we could tell, and probably has not reached his full athletic potential at this point in time. We should also keep in mind that Drummond was just coming off recovering from a stress fracture that put him out of commission to start the season, and probably affected his conditioning.
Offensively, Drummond shows excellent potential, but is still a fairly limited player as you can probably imagine considering his age. He sports big, soft hands which allow him to catch pretty much everything thrown his way, and has the type of frame needed to be an outstanding presence inside the paint. His touch looks outstanding, particularly on the series of jump-hooks we saw him score with, and he seems to have some potential as a mid-range shooter as well based off what we saw in warm-ups. Drummond shoots the ball from his chest, something that must be corrected eventually, but the fact that he's already making shots from distance leaves a lot of room for optimism regarding the future.
On the downside, Drummond is still very much a raw prospect who would clearly struggle against high-level competition at this juncture. He has very little idea how to establish position in the paint and use his amazing body to his advantage, lacking a great deal in the ways of footwork and post-moves and struggling with basic concepts like passing out of the post and respecting the spacing of his team's half-court offense. He doesn't appear to be the type of player whom everything comes naturally for, sporting somewhat of an average IQ that is likely further accentuated by his lack of experience and all-around polish.
Defensively, we find much of the same. On one hand, Drummond has incredible potential due to his phenomenal physical attributes, something that already makes him a huge asset even in his current raw state. He can block shots with either hand and is a massive presence in the paint thanks to his terrific length and solid timing, contesting pretty much everything that comes his way and being extremely difficult to post up with his sheer girth.
On the other hand, Drummond's fundamentals are incredibly poor, looking fairly clueless at times while roaming around aimlessly, and being extremely foul prone on top of that. He's not the toughest or most reactive guy or you'll find right nowsomething to keep an eye on as he gets olderand has all kinds of issue stepping out onto the perimeter and trying to move his feet out and react to quicker players attacking him off the dribble.
Something to keep in mind is that all these issues are highly correctable and are very much to be expected from a player at his stage of development. Drummond must realize that though and continue to work on his all-around game exhaustively if he's to reach his full potential. The good news is that, despite being a little on the immature side, Drummond is supposedly a very high character young man with a strong support system around him. He looks like a good teammate on top of that from what we could tell in the two games we saw him.
Drummond has a long road ahead of him to making the NBA, but he's obviously off to a great start. We'll have to wait and see how things turn out from here, starting in college. The favorites to land his services at this stage are clearly Jim Calhoun and the hometown UConn Huskies, which, if history is any indication, wouldn't be a bad place for a big man to get ready for the NBA.
Lorenzo Brown
, 6-4, Point Guard, Hargrave Military Academy, Class of 2009
Committed to N.C. State
Jonathan Givony
After failing to qualify with the rest of his 2009 high school class, extremely highly touted
Lorenzo Brown
(#28 Scout, #37 Rivals, #29 ESPN) was forced to take his game to the prep school ranks, where he's currently part of a loaded Hargrave team.
With starting point guard Isaiah Epps (committed to Pitt) not making the trip to New Haven due to undisclosed reasons, Brown was forced to man the point guard spot for Hargrave full time, giving us a terrific chance to evaluate his potential at what many deem to be his future position. Brown did not disappoint in the least bit, looking incredibly natural running the show for his team.
Showing terrific size for the point guard position, Brown stands around 6-4 with big shoulders and a frame that should be able to carry plenty of weight. His wingspan is fairly poor, though, unfortunately, something that is only accentuated even more by the lack of effort he often displays on the defensive end. Athletically, Brown can be described as being more smooth than explosive, showing a nice first step and good change of speeds and hesitation moves.
The best part of Brown's game is the terrific swagger in which he plays with, looking extremely natural with the ball in his hands and the confidence to do pretty much anything he wants on the basketball court.
He's a terrific ball-handler, capable of creating his own shot and especially play pick and roll, an area he truly excels in. Brown sees the entire floor at all times thanks to his terrific size and court vision, reading his options and whipping the ball all over the floor without hesitation, the way only a true point guard can.
Brown uses bounce passes and lobs equally well, and is absolutely dynamite finding streaking teammates in drive and dish situations, often in highlight reel fashion. He's also more than capable of making the simple play, though, whether its moving the ball ahead intelligently in transition, making a fundamentally sound post-entry pass, or finding the open man spotting up on the perimeter. More than anyone we saw in New Haven, Brown is the type of player who plays the game at his own unique pace, never letting opposing defenses speed him up or slow him down.
The biggest problem with Brown is that his swagger and casual demeanor on the court seem to translate into cockiness, giving off an impression that he's too good for this level. He looks very wild at times with his decision making, turning the ball over excessively, something that has been an issue for him throughout his career reportedly. In other times, he seems to lose his intensity level completely, giving off a too cool for school attitude, showing very little focus, no urgency in his play, and seemingly just going through the motions.
The place this shows up the most is on the defensive end, where he tends to play in a very upright and nonchalant manner, rarely getting into an actual stance. What's ironic is that Brown is actually a terrific defender when he puts his mind to it, as he's capable of absolutely smothering opponents with his terrific size and quick feet. He proved that on numerous possessions by getting in the passing lanes, coming up with blocks and generally locking up his man late in games when his team really needed a stop. We'll have to see if
Sidney Lowe
can get him playing with that type of intensity on a regular basis.
Being a year removed from his high school class, and 19 years old, Brown is one of the few (probably the only) players in the prep school ranks who is both good enough and eligible to get some looks from NBA teams in this upcoming draft, if things didn't work out for him academically once again with N.C. State.
Right now, though, Brown is doing well academically and is on track to qualify, according to his coach Kevin Keatts, further stating that his plan right now is definitely to enroll at N.C. State. From what we saw in New Haven, that seems to be the right call, since Brown could clearly use some time in the ACC to continue to polish up his skill-set, even if he's obviously a big-time talent.
Dominique Ferguson
, 6-8, Power Forward, Hargrave Military Academy, 2010
Committed to Florida International
Joseph Treutlein
Isiah Thomas
appears to have gotten a very good recruit relative to the competition FIU faces, and
Dominique Ferguson
(#35 Scout, #40 Rivals, #46 ESPN) showed some of his intrigue here. Ferguson is very long and fairly athletic, with a solidly built frame for his size. He's a bit stiff in some of his movements, but still shows good ability to elevate and is a rangy athlete with his offensive moves.
On the offensive end, he shows flashes from everywhere on the floor, hitting some perimeter shots, facing up with the ball, and doing damage in the post. His shooting form is decent, while he shows range to three-point land, but it still appears like this is an area of his game that could improve. Taking his man off the dribble, he uses long strides and can switch hands with the ball when finishing, but he doesn't appear to have much in terms of advanced moves and probably isn't much of an isolation threat.
In the post is where Ferguson shows the most potential for the college level, but he's simply not assertive enough with the ball, playing soft at times, despite showing the strength to establish great position on occasion. He shows flashes of hook shots and up-and-under moves, but he just isn't as effective as he could be here due to his lack of toughness and aggression.
On defense, Ferguson is a very capable shot blocker with his length and athleticism, sending back quite a few shots in his two games this weekend. His awareness looks questionable at times, but he has tools to make up for some of his lapses, and he should be a good interior defender against FIU's competition.
As an NBA prospect, there really isn't a great deal to say about Ferguson at this point. He may not have the elite explosiveness, skill level, or aggressive mentality to make it as an undersized four in his current state, and doesn't appear to have the shot creating skills or perimeter defense to be viewed at as a small forward prospect. That said, he's obviously still incredibly young and there's no telling what can change in the next few years. For now he looks like a phenomenal prospect for the Sun Belt Conference.
Gerard Coleman
, 6-4, Shooting Guard, Tilton Prep, 2010
Committed to Providence
Jonathan Givony
The National Prep Showcase is always a nice place to get introduced to future college stars, and one of the best first impressions we had came from Providence commit
Gerard Coleman
(#65 Scout, #51 Rivals, #72 ESPN).
Not particularly big at 6-4, with a very narrow frame, Coleman doesn't jump off the page at you on first glance. He is a solid athlete, though, extremely quick off the dribble, and fairly explosive around the rim.
Where Coleman impresses you the most though is with his scoring instincts, aggressiveness and all-around feel for the game. He's an outstanding shot-creator, able to play the pick and roll the way few guards are capable of at this level, either to get to the rim or find teammates with heady drive and dish passes. Despite the fact that he's a high-level scorer, Coleman is not a selfish player in the least bit, as he displays both excellent court vision and the willingness and knowledge of how to operate in a team setting, always looking to make the extra pass.
What probably will get Providence fans most excited though is the slashing ability that Coleman displays. He has very nice ball-handling skills and a wide array of change of speeds and hesitation moves, being extremely aggressive looking to make things happen off the dribble and finding a great deal of success at this level. His perimeter jump-shot is still far too streaky (probably his biggest weakness) because of the awkward hitch he sports, but he shows intriguing shot-making ability from mid-range and probably should be able to figure out this part of his game in time if he's willing to put the work in.
Showing a frenetic energy level and constantly looking to make plays all over the floor, Coleman is a very active defender who displays great instincts and competitiveness. He came up with a number of blocks and steals in the game we took in, showing a real commitment to getting the job done, which is impressive considering his star status and the heavy load he's forced to shoulder offensively. Coleman will need to continue to play this way in college as he doesn't possess the best physical tools (size, length, strength).
It will be interesting to see how Coleman's game translates to the college level, particularly as he continues to fill out his frame, as he appeared to be one of the most complete players we watched in the three games in New Haven. His recruiting rankings don't back that up, though, leaving you to wonder if he's a little bit underrated right now. Only time will tell, and the truth will surely come out soon enough playing in the ultra-competitive Big East.
Feedback for this article may be sent to
Will Barton
Full Profile
Player Stats
6' 6"
174 lbs.
26 Years Old
High School:
Brewster Academy
Previous Team:
Nuggets , PRO
Rnd 2, Pick #10 in
2012 Draft
by the Trailblazers
Quick Stats:
13.9 Pts, 4.7 Rebs, 3.4 Asts
Andre Drummond
Full Profile
Player Stats
7' 0"
279 lbs.
23 Years Old
High School:
St. Thomas More
Previous Team:
Pistons , PRO
Rnd 1, Pick #9 in
2012 Draft
by the Pistons
Quick Stats:
14.6 Pts, 13.8 Rebs, 1.1 Asts
Lorenzo Brown
Full Profile
Player Stats
6' 5"
189 lbs.
26 Years Old
High School:
Hargrave Military Academy
Previous Team:
Zhejiang C , PRO
Rnd 2, Pick #22 in
2013 Draft
by the Timberwolves
Quick Stats:
24.5 Pts, 7.3 Rebs, 5.4 Asts
Sidney Lowe
Full Profile
Player Stats
6' 0"
195 lbs.
57 Years Old
High School:
DeMatha Catholic
Previous Team:
Rnd 2, Pick #1 in
1983 Draft
by the Bulls
Quick Stats:
2.3 Pts, 2.0 Rebs, 4.2 Asts
Dominique Ferguson
Full Profile
Player Stats
6' 8"
209 lbs.
26 Years Old
High School:
Hargrave Military Academy
Previous Team:
Tarragona , PRO
Undrafted in
Quick Stats:
6.3 Pts, 3.9 Rebs, 0.8 Asts
Isiah Thomas
Full Profile
Player Stats
6' 1"
180 lbs.
55 Years Old
High School:
St. Joseph
Previous Team:
Indiana , PRO
Rnd 1, Pick #2 in
1981 Draft
by the Pistons
Quick Stats:
14.8 Pts, 2.7 Rebs, 6.9 Asts
Gerard Coleman
Full Profile
Player Stats
6' 5"
168 lbs.
26 Years Old
High School:
Previous Team:
Georgetown College (NAIA) , PRO
Undrafted in
Quick Stats:
5.6 Pts, 1.6 Rebs, 0.8 Asts
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Call for ministerial intervention
UPDATE: The former Mayor of Morwell has called on the Victorian Minister for Local Government to step in and investigate the affairs of Latrobe City Council.
- Print page
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The call comes after council adopted a controversial new procurement policy which has the potential to drive up rates and bring major projects to a halt.
Former Mayor John Guy says the new policy will make it difficult to run a business in the Latrobe Valley.
"I think it's almost going to be impossible - it's going to mean a lot of things being referred up the line and eventually to council for decision," My Guy says.
"Council only meets twice a month so that's at least a two week delay and before that happens that council staff have got to prepare the documentation that goes to the councillors".
"To me it seems to be a vote of no confidence in both the CEO and the council staff."
Mr Guy compared the level of disarray at Latrobe City as "very close" to that of Wangaratta in the state's north east which was last month dismissed by the Local Government Minister.
"During the amalgamation process which I was involved with there were virtually trouble shooters appointed who went around the different councils and made sure that was what supposed to happen was happening during the amalgamation process," My Guy says.
"Those people must still be around and I feel that they could put one of those in to get to the bottom of what's going on here."
The procurement policy based on one used by the City of Whitehorse in Melbourne's eastern suburbs will require purchases of more than $50,000 to be approved by council instead of its Chief Executive Officer Paul Buckley.
The new procurement arrangements were adopted despite pleas from residents, business owners and the chief of the Victorian branch of the Civil Contractors Federation of Australia for council to retain the current policy.
After extensive debate, Latrobe Mayor Sandy Kam and councillors Sharon Gibson, Michael Rossiter, Dale Harriman and Peter Gibbons voted in favour of the new policy, largely citing the need for greater transparency when council purchases goods and services.
The implications of council's new policy are already becoming clear.
Road upgrades at Kelly Street in Morwell have been brought to a halt after a contract variation that will now require the approval of council was discovered.
This comes less than 48 hours after the new policy was adopted.
Councillor Darrell White argued against the policy saying Latrobe City "could not afford to let this happen".
He questioned where the money would come from to implement the new policy.
"It's been done too hastily and there's not been enough thought go into it to understand the implications of it," he says.
"Something's going to have to give - is it services, is it other capital works projects?"
Council officers estimate the policy will cost $500,000 to implement then $362,000 a year.
There are concerns the extra cost will push up rates by up to one percent.
However, Cr Dale Harriman, an avid supporter of the policy denies rates will rise.
He has questioned the accuracy of the figures cited to bring in the policy.
"That's what we're trying to find out at the minute," he says.
"We're saying the savings that can be made are a lot more than what it's going to cost."
Mayor Sandy Kam also disputed the policy would cost council more and provide little benefit.
John Stewart from the Civil Contractors Federation of Australia warns the policy will increase red tape and make it difficult for his members to tender for contracts such as building roads and bridges.
He says contractors will move to local government areas that are easier to deal with.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 2, 1996
|Filing date
|Dec 27, 1993
|Priority date
|Dec 27, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Alan F. Evans, Daniel A. Nolan
|Original Assignee
|Corning Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (44), Classifications (31), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to high data rate optical fibers for telecommunication systems and to methods of making such fibers.
It has been known that solitons can be generated in optical fibers when the transmission power is in the nonlinear region. The optical soliton maintains its narrow temporal pulse as it propagates down the fiber because the dispersion is balanced with the nonlinear index. Mathematically this phenomenon is adequately described with the well known nonlinear Schroedinger equation. See, for example, the publication, C. Sien, "Concatenated Soliton Fibre Link", Electronics Letters, volume 12, pages 237-238 (1991). There are three important terms in the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. These terms relate to attenuation, the group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear index effects. The balancing of the group velocity dispersion with the nonlinear index term has received much attention to date and is well known. However, pulses propagating in real fibers undergo attenuation; this can cause soliton pulses to develop frequency chirping and subsequent broadening and to then become essentially linear.
As used herein the term "dispersion" means group velocity dispersion, which is the total of the material dispersion and the refractive index profile dispersion.
It has been proposed that a soliton can survive in a fiber with loss if the group velocity dispersion can be made to decrease approximately exponentially with distance (K. Tajima, "Compensation of Soliton Broadening in Nonlinear Optical Fibers with Loss", Optics Letters, volume 12(1), pp. 54-56, 1987). In this way, the group velocity dispersion is made to continuously change so that it matches the changing power level. That publication states that this can be accomplished by varying the core diameter through fiber tapering and that such a fiber can be manufactured by controlling the fiber draw speed. Such a fiber is illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein the diameter of fiber 5 exponentially decreases from the large diameter input end 6 to the small diameter output end 7. The diameter of the core of fiber 5 is proportional to the outside diameter of the fiber. In the theoretical example proposed by Tajima the effective core diameter of such a fiber changes exponentially from about 10 μm to about 5 μm over 100 kms.
A dispersion decreasing fiber was actually made by varying the speed of the fiber draw to change the fiber outer diameter from 175 μm to 115 μm, whereby the measured dispersion decreased from 10 ps/nm-km to 1 ps/nm-km over a 1 km length (V. A. Bogatyrev et al., "A single-mode fiber with chromatic dispersion varying along the length", Journal of Lightwave Technology, volume 9(5), pages 561-566, 1991). Subsequently, that fiber was used to generate a continuous soliton pulse train at 70 Gb/s (S.V. Chernikov, "70 Gbit/s fibre based source of fundamental solitons at 1550 nm", Electronics Letters, volume 28(13), pages 1210-1211, 1992). Such fibers have potential application in ultrahigh bit rate telecommunication systems of the type schematically illustrated in the soliton communication system of FIG. 2. A pulse train is input to amplifier 11 and coupled to dispersion decreasing fiber DDF-15, the dispersion at the input end a being greater than that at output end b. After propagating a distance that is limited by the maximum dispersion change, the optical signal is again amplified at amplifier 12 and coupled to dispersion decreasing fiber DDF-16, which has a high dispersion end a adjacent amplifier 12 and a low dispersion end b adjacent amplifier 13.
It has also been suggested that dispersion-decreasing fiber may be useful in a soliton communication line to extend the distance between amplifiers 11 and 12, for example. While there clearly could be numerous applications of dispersion-decreasing fiber, a tapered fiber, in which the outside diameter as well as the core diameter changes to the extent proposed in the Tajima and Bogatyrev et al. publications, will result in problems with splicing and cabling, for example.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method of making a dispersion decreasing optical fiber in which an axial change in dispersion is not totally dependent upon a change in the outside diameter of the fiber. A further object is to provide an optical fiber in which the dispersion varies along the length thereof, while the outside diameter of the fiber is substantially constant or contains minimal variation.
Briefly, the present invention relates to a single-mode optical waveguide fiber comprising a core and a layer of cladding material on the outer surface of the core. The outside diameter of the fiber is substantially constant along its length. The refractive index profile of the core is such that fiber dispersion monotonically decreases along the fiber from one end thereof to the other.
The core diameter can be substantially constant throughout the length of the fiber, or it can continually change throughout the length of the fiber.
The core can include a central region and an outer region that are separated by a transition region where the refractive index abruptly changes from that of the central region to that of the outer region. Examples of such a transition region are (a) a region of depressed refractive index that is lower than the refractive index of the inner and outer regions, and (b) a region between central and outer regions of a fiber wherein both regions have a step-type refractive index profile.
The core can include a central region that extends to the longitudinal axis of the fiber and an outer region located outside that core radius where power increases with longer wavelength, the radius and refractive index profile of the outer region being such that it balances the dispersion effects of the inner core region and provides the fiber with the desired dispersion value. The minimum refractive index of the central region can be equal to the maximum refractive index of the outer region. Furthermore, both the central region and the outer region can have step-type refractive index profiles.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention the outside diameter of the fiber is substantially constant throughout its length, and the refractive profile of the fiber continually changes from one end thereof to the other. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention the fiber can comprise a plurality of fiber sections that are fused together in series, the dispersion of each fiber section being substantially constant throughout its length. The fiber section at a first end of the series has a given dispersion, and the fiber section at the opposite end of the series has a dispersion lower than the given dispersion. The dispersion of each of the remaining fibers sections is intermediate the dispersions of the fiber sections at opposite ends thereof.
This invention also concerns methods of making dispersion decreasing optical fibers. In accordance with one embodiment, a core preform is formed by flowing a base glass reactant and a dopant glass reactant to a reaction zone adjacent to an elongated substrate and moving the reaction zone from one end of the substrate to the other end of the substrate to form a layer. The deposition of layers is continued to form a preform. During the deposition of a portion of the preform, the flow rate of the dopant glass reactant is varied in accordance with a given recipe as the reaction zone moves longitudinally along the substrate to form one of the layers. The flow rate of the dopant glass reactant varies in accordance with a recipe different from the given recipe as the reaction zone moves longitudinally along the substrate to form a layer adjacent to the one layer.
In another embodiment, an optical fiber core preform is formed by depositing on an elongated mandrel a plurality of coatings of glass particles, each coating being formed of a plurality of layers of glass particles, each coating having a unique refractive index profile. The mandrel is removed to form a porous preform, and the porous preform is heated to form a dense glass preform. The improvement comprises depositing one of the coatings such that its thickness is nonuniform, the thickness of the one coating being greater at one end of the preform than its thickness at the opposite end of the preform. The tapering thickness coating could be the first deposited coating, or it could be deposited between two coatings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art optical fiber for soliton propagation.
FIG. 2 schematically depicts a soliton communication system employing dispersion decreasing optical fibers.
FIG. 3 is a refractive index profile of the core of a dispersion shifted single-mode optical fiber.
FIGS. 4(a) to 4(j) and FIGS. 5(a) to 5(d) are refractive index profiles of cores at the input and/or output ends of single-mode optical fibers made in accordance with the invention.
FIGS. 6 and 8 are refractive index profiles of two types of optical fibers having flat-topped central core regions.
FIGS. 7 and 9 are graphs in which both dispersion and mode field diameter are plotted as a function of flat top length x for the profiles of FIGS. 6 and 8, respectively.
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus that can be employed to form the optical fibers of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a porous core preform formed by a modified process.
FIG. 12 schematically depicts a soliton communication system the transmission line of which comprises a plurality of serially connected fibers of constant dispersion, each fiber in the line having a dispersion lower than that of the preceding fiber.
In potential applications of dispersion-decreasing fiber, it is desirable to achieve a large variation in dispersion between the input and output ends of the fiber. Additionally, for soliton transmission, the dispersion must remain positive and become very small or reach zero by the output end of the fiber. Other fiber characteristics that must be considered are mode field diameter and cutoff wavelength, since refractive index modifications that affect dispersion can also affect these characteristics.
Since solitons require low loss operation, it is preferable to operate in the 1550 nm region of the electromagnetic spectrum where silica based optical fibers exhibit extremely low loss. Dispersion-shifted fiber made in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 4,715,679 can be designed for zero dispersion at about 1550 nm. Dispersion-shifted fiber is further discussed in the publications: T. D. Croft et al. "Low-Loss Dispersion-Shifted Single-Mode Fiber Manufactured by th OVD Process", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume LT-3, No. 5, Oct. 1985, pp. 9313-934; and V. A. Bhagavatula et al. "Bend-Optimized Dispersion-Shifted Single-Mode Designs", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume LT-3, No. 5, Oct. 1985, pp. 954-957.
FIG. 3 illustrates the refractive index profile of a typical, commercially available dispersion shifted fiber exhibiting zero dispersion at 1550 nm. The fiber core comprises a central core region 20 that is separated from an outer ring 21 by a region 22 of depressed refractive index. The diameter of its central triangular region 20 is 7.20 μm, and the inner and outer diameters of ring 21 are 10.08 μm and 12.94 μm, respectively. The peak refractive index values of regions 20 and 21 (expressed as Δp) are 0.9% and 0.3%, respectively. The term Δp is the relative refractive index of the core with respect to that of the cladding and is given by
Δp =(N1 2 -n2 2)/2n1 2
where n1 is the peak refractive index of the core region and n2 is the refractive index of the cladding. For simplicity of expression, Δ is often expressed in percent, i.e. one hundred times Δ. It is noted that some processes for producing optical fibers result in a refractive index depression at the fiber centerline. In such a fiber, n1 refers to the maximum refractive index of the central core region.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the refractive index profile of a dispersion decreasing optical fiber is a variation of the dispersion shifted profile of FIG. 3 throughout its length, the profile constantly changing along the fiber length to provide the required change from a relatively large dispersion at the input end to a relatively low or zero dispersion at the output end. In a preferred embodiment, the profile at the output end of the fiber is the dispersion-shifted profile that produces essentially zero dispersion at the operating wavelength. Some of these profiles offer the advantage of achieving large dispersion change with minimal refractive index profile variation. However, a design tradeoff exists between the complexity of the modified profile and the range of possible values of the group velocity dispersion. Designs for varying the cross-sectional refractive index profile as a function of length can be conveniently divided into three types:
Type I--those that leave the central core region of the nominal dispersion-shifted fiber of FIG. 3 unchanged,
only the outer ring structure being modified;
Type II--those that modify only the central core region; and
Type III--those that modify both the central region and the ring region.
The Type I group of profiles requires fewer changes in the glass particle deposition step of the fiber core fabrication process, since the central core region remains unchanged throughout the length of the fiber. However, they also have a smaller range of potential dispersion change. Two further constraints limiting possible profiles are that the fiber must remain single mode and dispersion must remain positive.
Table 1 lists parameters associated with the refractive index profiles of FIGS. 3, 4(a) through 4(j) and FIG. 5(a) through 5(d). The values of dispersion, mode-field diameter and cut-off wavelength listed in Table 1 have been derived by computer simulation techniques.
TABLE 1______________________________________ Dispersion Mode Field Cutoff (ps/nm/km) Diameter Wavelength, λcProfile at 1550 nm (μm) (nm)______________________________________FIG. 3 0.0 8.7 1106FIG. 4(a) 1.978 10.1 1524FIG. 4(b) 1.485 9.9 1480FIG. 4(c) 0.919 9.5 936FIG. 4(d) 0.599 9.5 1372FIG. 4(e) 7.267 10.3 1526FIG. 4(f) 7.794 10.0 1385FIG. 4(g) 2.969 9.2 1089FIG. 4(h) 7.267 10.3 1526FIG. 4(i) 6.386 9.3 1277FIG. 4(j) 5.794 9.7 1393FIG. 5(a) 3.513 6.4 1276FIG. 5(b) 14.396 6.8 1552FIG. 5(c) 2.940 8.4 1193FIG. 5(d) 8.902 8.3 1447______________________________________
Type I profiles are illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4(a) through 4(j); these profiles differ in that the rings of the outer core region have different doping concentrations and shapes, the ring completely disappearing in FIG. 4(c). The characteristics for these types of profiles are summarized in Table 1. The optical characteristics of fibers represented by FIGS. 4(a) through 4(j) are such that any of those fibers could be employed at the high dispersion input end of a dispersion decreasing fiber, provided that a profile of lower dispersion exists at the opposite end. For example, any of the profiles represented by FIGS. 4(a) through 4(j) could be employed at the high dispersion input end of the fiber if the profile represented by FIG. 3 were employed at the low dispersion output end. In another example, the profile represented by FIG. 4(i) could be employed at the high dispersion end of the fiber and the profile represented by FIG. 4(g) could be employed at the low dispersion end. Fibers having the profiles of FIGS. 4(a) through 4(d) and 4(g) exhibit dispersions less than 3 ps/nm/km. Thus, such fibers would not produce enough dispersion change to make them useful in systems with large discrete amplifier spacing unless the core was also provided with taper, such as by varying the speed of the fiber draw operation.
Table 1 reveals that the largest dispersion occurs in profiles where there is a sharp edge near the core center (see FIGS. 4(e), 4(f) and 4(i), for example). However, practical considerations such as germanium oxide diffusion may limit the sharpness of profile edges. For this reason, out the family of profiles that includes the profiles of FIGS. 4(e) through 4(j), the profile of FIGS. 4(g) and 4(h) may be easier to fabricate.
Table 1 also reveals that dispersion increases as the diameter of the central core region increases; compare the dispersions of the profiles of FIGS. 5(c) and 5(d) with the zero dispersion produced by the profile of FIG. 3.
The Table 1 entries for FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) illustrate that large dispersion at reasonable mode field diameter can be achieved by making the central core region flat-topped. A comparison between FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) shows that dispersion is highly sensitive to the location of the outer radius of the central core portion. It would also be sensitive to its slope. Furthermore, changes in the ring profile could be used to tailor the mode field diameter or cut-off wavelength.
Further examples of flat-topped refractive index profiles are illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 8, the dispersion and mode field diameters of those profiles being illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 9, respectively. When x equals zero, the profiles of FIGS. 6 and 8 are optimized for zero dispersion in the 1550 nm range. The following discussion shows that large positive dispersion can be introduced by inserting the flat-topped central region. The addition of such a flat-topped central region to any optimized zero dispersion profile can introduce large positive dispersion.
In the refractive index profile of FIG. 6 the central core region comprises a flat-topped portion 47 and a region 48, the refractive index of which decreases with radius. The radius of region 47 is x μm. Spaced from the central core region is annular outer core region 49. If x equalled zero, the profile would be the same as that of FIG. 3. If the radius of portion 47 were x μm, then the inner radius of region 49 would be (x+5) μm.
FIG. 7 is a graph in which both dispersion and mode field diameter are plotted as a function of flat top length x. Curves 50 and 51 respectively show that dispersion increases and mode filed diameter decreases with an increase in flat top length x.
In the refractive index profile of FIG. 8 the central core region comprises a flat-topped central core region 53 of given refractive index surrounded by outer core region 55 of refractive index lower than the given refractive index. This type of refractive index profile is similar to taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,755,022 (Ohashi et al) which is incorporated herein by reference. Whereas regions 53 and 55 are illustrated as being step-type profiles, they could be graded as suggested by the Ohashi et al. patent.
Curve 57 of FIG. 9 shows that dispersion increases with an increase in flat top length x. Mode field diameter (curve 58) first decreases and then increases as x increases from zero to about 5 μm.
There is a common feature in the refractive index profiles of FIGS. 6 and 8. Each has a central core region and an outer core region of lower refractive index than the central region. The outer region acts as a high index mass which is located outside that core radius where the power increases with longer wavelength. The extent of the mass is determined by its refractive index profile, which includes its radius. The index profile can be designed such the power weighted integral of the mass of the outer core region balances that of the inner core region giving the desired dispersion value, which may be zero. An index depression such as depression 46 of FIG. 6 allows more flexibility in placing the outer mass where it will have desirable effects on the other fiber properties such as mode field diameter and cutoff wavelength.
Decreasing dispersion single-mode optical fibers can be made by the apparatus of FIGS. 10 and 11 which illustrate two variations of the outside vapor deposition (OVD) process wherein glass particles are deposited on the longitudinal surface of a andrel. Other glass deposition processes could be employed to form dispersion decreasing fibers or at least portions thereof. Examples of such processes are the modified chemical deposition (MCVD) process whereby glass layers are deposited on the inner surface of a substrate tube and the axial vapor deposition (AVD) process.
Referring to FIG. 10, a mandrel 60 of silica or other high temperature material is rotated and translated along its longitudinal axis as shown by arrows 64a and 64b, respectively. Burner 65 produces a stream 66 of glass particles which deposits on mandrel 60, each pass of the burner depositing an adherent layer. Each of the coatings 68, 69, 70 and 71 is formed of a plurality of such layers. The speed of burner traverse can be varied.
Each coating is formed of glass particles comprising a base glass such as silica, and it optionally contains a dopant such as GeO2. To form such particles, reactants such as SiCl4 and GeCl4 are supplied along with oxygen to burner 65. In the system of FIG. 10, vapors of SiCl4 and GeCl4 are formed in reservoirs 74 and 75, respectively. These vapors are metered by flow controllers 77 and 78, respectively, as taught in U.S. Patent 4,314,837. Alternatively, the reactants could be metered in liquid form and thereafter vaporized. Oxygen from source 76 is metered by flow controller 79. The amount of reactants flowing through controllers 77, 78 and 79 is controlled by system controller 80. In accordance with one embodiment, the flow of all reactants remains constant during the deposition of an entire layer of glass particles. In a second embodiment, the flow of one or more of the reactants can vary as the longitudinal position of the burner with respect to the mandrel changes. Dashed line 81 connecting burner 65 to system controller 80 is illustrative of the fact that controller 80 is provided with a signal indicative of the position of the burner in the second embodiment.
Assume that it is desired to form an optical fiber having the refractive index profile of FIG. 4(g) at one end and that of FIG. 3 at the opposite end. If the entire fiber is to be 25 km long, for example, preform 72 can be deposited such that it can be drawn to a length of 25 km. In the profiles of FIGS. 4(g) and 3, the central core region has a diameter of 7.2 μm and a Δp of 0.9%. Also, in FIGS. 4(g) and 3, the radial width of the outer core region or ring is 1.43 μm. The only difference between the profiles of FIGS. 4(g) and 3 is the position of the outer core regions. In FIG. 4(g), those regions are immediately adjacent the central core region, and in FIG. 3 those regions are separated from the central core region by 1.44 μm in the resultant fiber.
One technique for forming such a fiber would be to first form coating 68 by depositing the first layer thereof such that it contains SiO2 doped with a sufficient amount of GeO2 to provide a Δp of 0.9%. In each subsequent layer, the amount of GeCl4 flowing to the burner is decreased until the last layer contains the smallest incremental amount of GeO2 (corresponding to the fiber radius of 3.6 μm). With the flow of GeCl4 turned off, a coating 69 of pure silica (SiO2) is deposited in a thickness which varies from a predetermined thickness at end 62 of the preform to zero thickness at end 63. This can be accomplished by providing a predetermined flow of SiCl4 at end 62 and decreasing the flow of SiCl4 until it is completely cut off when the burner reaches end 63. Alternatively, the flow rate of SiCl4 could remain constant and the burner speed could be varied. Coating 70 is then formed by depositing a plurality of layers of glass particles, the first of which contains no GeO2, ramping the flow of GeCl4 so that the middle layer contains sufficient GeO2 to provide a Δp of 0.3%, and thereafter decreasing the flow rate of GeCl4 until the deposition of the outer layer which contains no GeO2. An outer coating 71 of pure SiO2 can then be deposited. Layer 71 could have a uniform thickness as shown in FIG. 10. Alternatively, it could be deposited such that its thickness at end 63 is greater than its thickness at end 62, whereby it counteracts the effect of layer 69 and causes the diameter of core preform 72 to be uniform throughout its length. Preform 72 is preferably consolidated prior to applying the remainder of the cladding glass particles thereto. This can be done by removing mandrel 60 from the porous preform and then heating the preform in a consolidation furnace to a temperature sufficiently high to consolidate the glass particles and form a solid glass core preform. The solid core preform is then inserted into chucks so that it can be rotated and translated with respect to burner 65 to deposit a layer of pure silica particles. The resultant fiber preform is consolidated to form a draw blank from which optical fibers are drawn.
Rather than forming a blank from which one length of dispersion decreasing fiber can be drawn, a larger blank can be formed, and many such fibers can be drawn from it. The pattern of coatings shown in FIG. 10 would be repeated along the length of the preform. Thus, when the preform is drawn into fiber, the dispersion would decrease from a high value to a low value along one section of the drawn fiber having a length of 25 km, for example. Then the dispersion would abruptly increase to the high value and decrease along the next 25 km. This pattern of decreasing dispersion would be repeated for all of the fiber lengths drawn from the blank.
An alternative preform deposition embodiment is shown in FIG. 11 wherein elements similar to those of FIG. 10 are represented by primed reference numerals. Tapered layer 69 of FIG. 10 is not deposited. Rather, after central core region 68' is deposited, the flow rate of GeCl4 (and optionally the flow rate of SiCl4) is gradually changed as the burner traverses from end 62' to end 63' of the preform. After deposition of coating 68', the flow rate of GeCl4 is zero and that of SiCl4 is at a maximum. At this point in the process, the burner (not shown) could be positioned at end 62' where the profile of FIG. 3 is to be formed. During the first pass of the burner along the preform during the formation of coating 85, the flow rate of GeCl4 would therefor be zero at end 62', and GeCl4 would begin to flow only at end 63'. During the second pass of the burner along the preform during the formation of coating 85, the flow rate of GeCl4 would begin at some incremental distance from end 63', and it would increase as the burner approached end 63'. At that pass corresponding to the deposition of the middle of depressed index region 22 at end 62', the burner would be supplied with sufficient GeCl4 at end 63' to form glass particles having a Δp of 0.3%, corresponding to the peak index of the outer region of FIG. 4(g). At that point in the process when GeCl4 is being fed to the burner to just begin to form the inner radius of index ring 21 (FIG. 3) at end 62', the GeCl4 will cease flowing during the remainder of the pass. This kind of ramped flow of GeCl4 to the burner continues until the last pass of the formation of coating 85, when no GeCl4 flows since the outer portion of ring 21 (FIG. 3) contains no GEO2, and the corresponding radius of the profile of FIG. 4(g) contains no GeO2. A coating 71' of SiO2 can then be deposited as described above. Preform 87 can then be consolidated, overclad with SiO2, and drawn into a fiber.
In a similar manner, any of the disclosed refractive index profiles could be deposited at one end of the preform, and any of the remaining refractive index profiles could be deposited at the other end of the preform, the profile gradually changing from that at the one end to that at the remaining end.
The embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 8 could be formed by initially depositing a wedge-shaped coating on mandrel 60. The refractive index of the entire wedge-shaped coating would be that of core region 47 or 53. Thereafter coatings of uniform thickness would be formed. The thickness of the wedge-shaped coating would be such that, in the resultant fiber, the radius of the inner core region at one end of the fiber would be x μm larger than the radius at the other end of the fiber.
An example of a dispersion decreasing fiber that would require no variable thickness region, such as region 69, would be a fiber having the profile of FIG. 4(d) at one end and the profile of FIG. 3 at the other end. The radial positions of the outer core regions are the same. Only the shape of those outer regions changes.
The previous discussion has been concerned with systems wherein two amplifiers are connected by a dispersion decreasing fiber wherein dispersion continuously decreases along fiber length. In the embodiment of FIG. 12, amplifiers 91 and 92 are connected by a plurality of fibers 93 through 98 which are spliced together. Each of the fibers 93 through 98 has a dispersion that is substantially constant throughout its length. The dispersion of fiber 93 is the largest, and the dispersion of each of the fibers 94 through 98 is slightly smaller than the preceding fiber. This type of system is disclosed in the aforementioned C. Sien publication. In accordance with this invention, each of the fibers has a core of radius a surrounded by a cladding, the diameter of which is constant throughout its length. Furthermore, the diameters of the claddings of fibers 93 through 98 are substantially the same. The cores of each of the fibers 93 through 98 includes a central region that extends to the longitudinal axis of the fiber and an outer region, the inner and outer regions being separated by a region of depressed refractive index. Examples of suitable profiles are those of FIGS. 3, (a), 4(b), 4(d) through 4(j), 5(a) and 5(b).
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|Jul 10, 2003
|Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A.
|Optical fiber having low non-linearity for WDM transmission
|Jan 13, 2004
|Jul 22, 2004
|Fujitsu Limited
|Distributed optical amplifying apparatus, optical communication station, optical communication system, and optical fiber cable
|Feb 13, 2004
|Sep 23, 2004
|Korolev Andrey E.
|Devices and methods for dynamic dispersion compensation
|Feb 28, 2005
|Jul 21, 2005
|Fujitsu Limited
|Distributed optical amplifying apparatus, optical communication station, optical communication system, and optical fiber cable
|Jul 6, 2006
|Nov 9, 2006
|Takafumi Terahara
|Optical fiber cable
|Dec 19, 2009
|Jun 24, 2010
|Draka Comteq B.V.
|Method and Device for Manufacturing an Optical Preform
|Dec 21, 2009
|Jul 23, 2014
|Method and device for manufacturing an optical preform
|Apr 13, 2011
|Oct 19, 2011
|Internal vapour deposition process
|Dec 17, 2009
|Jun 23, 2010
|Draka Comteq B.V.
|Method and device for manufacturing an optical preform
|Apr 7, 2011
|Oct 19, 2011
|Draka Comteq B.V.
|Internal vapour deposition process
|Apr 11, 2011
|Oct 19, 2011
|Draka Comteq B.V.
|Internal vapour deposition process
|Sep 10, 1998
|Mar 18, 1999
|Northwestern University
|Optimizing launch points for dispersion-managed solitons
|Sep 10, 1998
|Jul 29, 1999
|Univ Northwestern
|Optimizing launch points for dispersion-managed solitons
|Feb 13, 2004
|Aug 26, 2004
|Corning Incorporated
|Devices and methods for dynamic dispersion compensation
|Feb 13, 2004
|Dec 16, 2004
|Corning Inc
|Devices and methods for dynamic dispersion compensation
|U.S. Classification
|385/123, 385/122
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 27, 1993
Owner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:EVANS, ALAN F.;NOLAN, DANIEL A.;REEL/FRAME:006835/0278
Effective date: 19931217
|Oct 4, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 26, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 2, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Oct 8, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


text:
Fashion's new monarchs.
Getting down and dirty with Grindr.
A mini fashionista's best moments
Recapping the red carpet and beyond.
The best of the fashion playground.
Governor's Ball-bound.
Just what we needed.
"I've been dressing weird for a long time."
Everything you need to know in the realms of fashion and culture this Thursday morning.
Things are about to get messy.
Summer movie season has begun.
Winning Golden Globes and Dior.
The Wang favorite — and newest Spring 2016 campaign star — recommends boxing and a Mexican spa-cation.
On the Fall 2016 runways.
Not your mom's Levis.
Aside from a good choker, that is.


text:
hq reverbed snare
Heavily processed, strong-punching TR-909 kick drum
Genre: Dubstep drum loop Tempo: 140 BPM Made in Reason Enjoy !
Typical drum'n'bass loop with punchy kick & snare with amen break in the back.
An attempt at making a wobble bass sound in Reason4. This is a small reversed loop of the bass with ...
Fade in effect on the bassline.
This is a musical loop created with my trinity korg keyboard.
Drum N Bass, DNB
This is a musical loop created with my trinity korg keyboard and edited with Sony SoundForge 8.0 to make it ...
Chopped choir vocals. slightly off beat if your planning to use drums on it place the loop a fraction of ...
loop made in logic using moog for sub bass line and stylus for drum beat.
This was produced by tapping on a stethoscope which had an earbud pressed against a Shure SM57 mic. Low pass ...
a sample sound hard to describe vocal hip hop funky
Me rapping Aye yo
Beatbox for RnB,HipHop,Rap etc.


text:
The Case Logic 17.3" Laptop and iPad Briefcase is a lightweight (1.6lbs) polyester case that holds your 15.6" laptop, iPad or 10.1" tablet in separate compartments to prevent them from bumping into each together. The laptop is held in place by a touch fastened strap while your iPad has its own slip-in pocket on the opposite side of the briefcase. With your laptop in place, you still have room for some files and collateral material.
The case is accessed by two zippers that run across the top. There's a front zippered pocket for power cords and other accessories. In front of that pocket is an organizer panel for small items. On top of the organizer panel is a small vertical zippered pocket sized for your smartphone.
The case is carried by a top carry handle or adjustable, removable shoulder strap. The rear of the case contains a trolley sleeve that allows you to toss the briefcase over an optional rolling luggage cart.
|17.3" laptop, iPad or 10.1" tablet
|Carrying/Transport Options:
|Adjustable & Removable Shoulder Strap Top carry handle Trolley sleeve
|Dimensions (LxWxH):
|18.30x3.10x15.50" (46.48x7.87x39.37cm)
|Fits Devices (LxWxH):
|16.40x1.10x11.80" (41.65x2.79x29.97cm)
|Type of Closure:
|Two zippers
|1.6lbs (0.72kg)
|Case Logic 15.6" Laptop and iPad Briefcase Black
|Case Logic 17.3" Laptop and Tablet Case
|Case Logic 17.3" Laptop and iPad Roller Black


text:
Spicy Southwestern Salad
9 Nov 2010
|Yellow squash pieces
|1 Cup (16 tbs), julienned to make matchstick pieces (Straight Neck Squash)
|Jicama pieces
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs), pared and julienned to make matchstick pieces
|1⁄4 Pound, cored and cut into matchstick pieces (1 Small Sized)
|Sliced scallion
|2 Tablespoon (Green Onion)
|Lettuce leaves
|Mixed vegetable juices
|1⁄4 Cup (4 tbs) (Spicy)
|Balsamic vinegar/Red wine vinegar
|1 Tablespoon
|Chopped fresh cilantro
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon (Chinese Parsley)
|Chopped fresh parsley
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Olive oil
|1 Teaspoon
|1 Clove (5 gm)
1. In medium bowl combine first 4 ingredients; mix well. Line serving platter with lettuce leaves; top with squash mixture.
2. In blender combine remaining ingredients and process until smooth. Pour over salad.
Recipe Summary
Difficulty Level:Easy
Course:Side Dish
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 203 Calories from Fat 49
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 6 g9%
Saturated Fat 0.78 g3.9%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 0 mg
Sodium 204.8 mg8.5%
Total Carbohydrates 37 g12.2%
Dietary Fiber 9.7 g38.9%
Sugars 21 g
Protein 5 g9.9%
Vitamin A 167.4% Vitamin C 112.6%
Calcium 10% Iron 15%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet
Spicy Southwestern Salad Recipe


text:
Eric Staples
The T6 Warbird flyover commemorates Ashley's parents, Evan and Peggy Zeiger, who died in a T6 plane crash in March 2010. Billy Strickland, the pilot of the flyover, was Dr. Zeiger's best friend and wingman.
Featured by Style Me Pretty, Snippet & Ink, and Pro8mm.com.
Shot on Bolex 280 Super 8
Ektachrome 100D and Tri-X B&W Reversal Film
Processed and transferred in HD at Pro8mm
Music by Joe Purdy "Wash Away"


text:
Yes, there is the Monica Lewinsky matter, which is potentially even more serious, since it involves charges of witness-tampering and the obstruction of justice. That, though, is also weakened by the Arkansas judge's decision to throw out the Jones case as ''unworthy of trial''. No-one should underestimate the load suddenly lifted from Clinton. He faced the court testimony not simply of Jones, but of a string of others with tales to tell. Now, unless this latest ruling is overturned, Gennifer Flowers, cabaret artist, will not sing sweetly from the witness box; Elizabeth Ward Gracen, former Miss America, will not discuss her extra-curricular experiences; the stories of Kathleen Willey and Christy Zercher, former air stewardesses, will not fly; Dolly Kyle Browning, high school sweetheart, will not reminisce in front of the attorneys.
All of this matters a lot to the Clinton team but doesn't, of course, change our perception of the man himself. However many lawyers he has around him, the world now thinks of Clinton as a serious sexual incontinent, a big man of uncontrolled urges, who paws and unzips and says ''c'mon, darling'' whenever he can. Yet he's got away with it legally so far, and also - more interestingly - in terms of American public opinion. Given that Clinton is the head of an administration fiercely dedicated to political correctness and female advancement, and that the US remains a relatively puritanical country, this is, on the face of it, extraordinary.
American friends, however, say that in Britain, we ''just don't get Bill''. Millions of baby-boomers and ex-hippies look at him, see themselves, and adore him for it. His appetites, his slobby tastes, his exasperated wife, his sentimentality and liberal instincts, his lazy, rueful grin when he's nearly caught out yet again, are all a perfect mirror for his flawed, well-meaning generation. America is not a continent, but the sprawling land of large consumption, self-forgiveness and good-natured schmaltz: and ''Bill'' is its chosen emblem every bit as much as Oprah Winfrey.
A philanderer? Perhaps. A potential impeach-ee? He's still that, too. But when they look at the stern and comfortless Kenneth Starr, a man who has never smoked a cigarette or touched an alcoholic drink in his life, or the buttoned-up, prim Al Gore, who'd step into the breach and preach, they'd rather stick with Slick Willy. I'm not entirely sure that they're wrong.
The philosophy and practice of coffee, part one. Douwe Egberts, the coffee people, are now marketing an instant liquid coffee - just add boiling water - which they say tastes very like real coffee. It is called ''Cafinesse'', suggesting essence of coffee, and it will be a failure. Why? Because we have grown accustomed to one drink, real coffee, over the past few hundred years, and another different drink, instant powdered coffee, over the past few decades, and our lives are too busy for a third.
Also, according to those who've tried it, it doesn't taste very nice. Instant essences rarely do. My grandfather Marr was chairman of James Finlay and Son, a tea company, and spent much of his life in pursuit of perfect tea - he could tell from a cup of proper Darjeeling not only which plantation it had come from, but how high up the mountains the tea bushes had been, and whether the season had been rainy or dry. Finlay and Son, like Douwe Egberts, were keen to find the essence of their product, and (this being the Fifties, before the tea bag revolution) worked on a form of instant tea contained in a toothpaste tube.
Grandpa Marr, in a state of high anticipation, visited the firm's laboratory in Switzerland, to be greeted by the most extraordinarily clean, fresh smell of tea in the air. ''Ah,'' he said to the chemist, ''so you've pulled it off.'' ''No sir,'' replied the sad Swiss, ''what you are smelling is our failure.'' The essence wasn't trapped in the Finlay goo, but was floating free. There is a more general lesson here.
Philosophy and practice of coffee, part two. Since the takeover of The Independent, some people have questioned our optimism about going ''up- market''. Are we not all slaves to a dumbed-down, lower-grade world, they ask? One response to bouts of pessimism is: think coffee. Whichever way you look at it, the quality of British coffee is soaring. We have huge choice now in supermarkets. Consumption of real coffee has risen by more than 100 per cent in the past 15 years, while instant coffee use has barely altered. Good coffee shops are proliferating - in Wednesday's paper we profiled Ally Svenson, whose Seattle Coffee Company is growing like topsy around the country (six 18 months ago, 56 now, 120 planned by the end of the year).
And I ask: how can a country that is trading up in its coffee habits - and in its book-buying, musical tastes, magazines - be content only to trade down when it comes to newspapers? It is not possible. Good coffee and good writing go together. Any nation that is drinking as much roast and ground, and is as mad for latte, cappuccino and espresso as this one must, by definition, need a better broadsheet newspaper too.
- More about:
- Coffee
- Mergers And Acquisitions
- Oprah Winfrey
- Tea


text:
Would this be a good rainy day activity?
Is this attraction accessible using public transportation?
Is this attraction a "must-see" location?
Does this attraction provide visitors with a taste of the local culture?
Does this attraction require above average amounts of physical activity (long walks, climbs, stairs or hikes)?
Is this attraction good for couples?
Is this attraction suitable for all ages?
Is this attraction pet friendly?
Would this be a good sunny day activity?
Would this be a good hot day activity?
Thanks for helping!
A few months ago La Buena Vida became a venue for special events, verified at local and regional wineries. Not open to the public at this time, which is too bad because sitting...
read more
This used to be a GREAT winery. Then they stopped making wine and sold others' wine. Then a few years ago they stopped doing that. Now just a venue that you can rent for parties or receptions, etc.
The management there is really off. I tried to get quotes for a function and it was very disorganized. I cannot figure...
This is no longer a winery. Only a venue. I rented in January for a rehearsal dinner to be held May 30th. The venue manager tried to be helpful but doesn't honestly do much. States the management doesn't want to spend the money on things. Many things are needed in the venue. For being an outdoor facility you would think...
Just stopped in today
Hours say open but no one there today 2:30 pm
Ghost town
She as we loved to go here for the patio and wine
The wine is pretty good (and generously poured in my experience), the staff us attentive and helpful, but the patio is simply amazing! Walk the wine trail and definitely stop here and rest your feet for a bit. They usually have live music on the weekends. Excellent choice for a date.
A few months ago La Buena Vida became a venue for special events, verified at local and regional wineries. Not open to the public at this time, which is too bad because sitting on the patio with a nice glass of local or South American wine was always a great way to spend an afternoon.
We went by twice during Grapefest and the place was closed both times. I also noticed there were no set recent reviews. Maybe they are closed?
We were looking forward to an evening of wine tasting with family and friends but we went by and they were closed on a Saturday @ 7pm. I thought the website said they were open until 9pm.
We walked into a practically empty tasting room, however, no-one greeted us. We picked up the wine menu from the counter to review but was not addressed from the staff that were walking around behind the bar. Finally a waitress stopped and asked if she could help us. We said we would like to try a tasting to which she...
My friend and I wondered into the winery one Saturday afternoon. What a lovely surprise. The wine tender was so helpful. We selected a flight and headed out to the courtyard. On Saturdays they have live music. We stayed and listened to the music enjoyed our wine. Great time,we will go back.
Texas has an interesting definition of "winery" and "vineyard" compared to most states. You could go to a self-proclaimed "winery" and find yourself in a wine shop, or a tasting room unattached to a physical vineyard, or, in this case, a wine bar. Very rarely will you actually end up at a winery. The place is set up like most...
Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more.


text:
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40PFL8606 .avi NOT working on DLNA but working on USB
I've got a 40PFL8606 TV
I can play a 1.3 GiB .avi file (see description below) using a USB stick connected directly to the TV.
I'm unable to play the same file through DLNA. I can get smaller video files working (<~1 GiB). I can listen to music (mp3).
I tried xbmc and serviio as DNLA server but there's no way to get this file working through my network. Of course downscaling (if available ) has been disabled.
This file is just a example and I'm having the same problem with other >1GiB files.
TV is up to date with the last firmware and the connection is ethernet with a gigabit switch (no wifi).
Any idea ?
Format : AVI
Format/Info : Audio Video Interleave
Format profile : OpenDML
File size : 1.31 GiB
Overall bit rate : 1 456 Kbps
Format : MPEG-4 Visual
Codec ID : XVID
Codec ID/Hint : XviD
Duration : 2h X mn
Bit rate : 1 131 Kbps
Width : 640 pixels
Format : AC-3
Format/Info : Audio Coding 3
Codec ID : 2000
Bit rate mode : Constant
Bit rate : 320 Kbps
Channel(s) : 6 channels
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text:
Sheria Sacco
Sheria SACCO Society Ltd is a Savings and credit cooperative society formally registered in
1972 with a growing membership of over 8,000people pooled from the Judiciary, AG chambers,
various Government Ministries, Business persons and anyone above the age of 18 years with an income.
To be the best SACCO society in Kenya offering quality services to its members.
A modern financial institution empowering its members; economically and socially through mobilization of resources and equitable provision of affordable services.
"We Inspire, Equip and Empower"
Core Values
The Sacco recognizes the need to nurture and be guided by shared values in its business. We shall align our activities to our vision and commit to:-
1. Equity
2. Novelty
3. Team work
4. Integrity
5. Customer focus
6. Efficiency
Sheria Sacco – Contacts
Exciting Articles
Physical Address: Upper Hill, Nairobi
P.o Box: 34390-00100, Nairobi
Tel: 0202010396, 0722755156
City: Nairobi
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


text: For the most part, lettuce is a vegetable I consume because I feel like I should, not because I want to. It's not that there's anything wrong with the vegetable, it's just that it's so often used as a filler in salads when all you really want is all the other stuff that goes into it. "Green salads" are probably the biggest offender and I'd rather skip a meal than subject myself to the tedium of eating a flavorless bowl of leaves.


text:
29 Attending
39 Attending
62 Attending
Mon, 11 Jan 2010
177 comments
The Innervisions affiliate houses it up on this week's RA podcast.
4 comments
22 comments
3 comments
11 comments
15 comments
9 comments
Thu, 27 Oct 2016
Post a comment
Marcus Worgull and Danilo Plessow have released an album in 2014 and seems there's new material in the pipeline.
Thu, 10 Mar 2016
Ahead of Subculture on Saturday Marcus was in the middle of moving house and sent us over some music to lighten the load…"5 TRACKS TO MOVE HOUSES TO…"
Fri, 14 Feb 2014
One of Deutschland's finest disc jockeys, Marcus Worgull and his music have been a firm favourite of Subculture sets for many years. Keeping his house deep and down, the Innervisions insider returns to the Sub Club this Saturday. We caught up with him ahead of his Glasgow outing...
Tue, 12 Jul 2011
As Stop Making Sense festival gets nearer, the pre-launch at fabric is even closer. Marcus Worgull's mix previews whats in store in this mix
Sun, 11 Oct 2009
8 comments
Groove Attack records owner and Innervisions artist Marcus Worgull provides an Autumn mix for Warm HQ.
Tue, 15 Nov 2016
3 comments
The duo's second collaborative LP is out via Kompakt in early 2017.
Tue, 1 Nov 2016
The festival will take over a number of venues—including the defunct Perron—across November 4th and 5th.
Fri, 24 Jun 2016
6 comments
The lineup for the September 10th event has been revealed.
Thu, 16 Jun 2016
Marcel Vogel, Brawther, Emmanuel Top and Barac will all play at the open-air venue in the coming months.
Mon, 6 Jun 2016
2 comments
Zip, Ata and Gerd Janson are also billed for the three-part celebration later this month.
Tue, 31 May 2016
10 comments
The two-disc set, celebrating Rebirth's tenth anniversary, is due out in July.
Thu, 22 Oct 2015
The monthly parties will go down at Tunnel, with Mano Le Tough booked for November.
Tue, 13 Oct 2015
Julio Bashmore, Âme, Jeremy Underground and Shanti Celeste have all been booked for the London party's festive double-header.


text:
Enjoying Summertime in Cleveland
When you experience "winter" in the truest sense of the word, you relish every opportunity to enjoy the great outdoors. Fortunately, Cleveland is blessed both with dreamy summertime weather and the outdoor recreational pursuits to lure folks out into it. From May or June until those first cool, crisp autumn days, locals find every excuse in the book to get out and stay out.
Come summer, Cleveland's rich arts and culture scene escapes the confines of air-conditioned museums and galleries and heads outdoors. In arts-minded neighborhoods like Tremont, Little Italy, and Collinwood, monthly art walks invite shoppers to stroll the sidewalks late into the night. On a larger scale, major events like Parade the Circle, Cain Park Arts Fest, Clifton Arts & MusicFest, Wade Oval Wednesdays, and the Cleveland Flea draw thousands of people to an open-air patch to enjoy arts, culture, and everything else that's wonderful about the season. Even the lofty Cleveland Orchestra heads outdoors, trading in Severance Hall for the bucolic outdoor amphitheater at Blossom Music Center.Summer is a great time for outdoor sports, and there is no shortage of opportunities to watch or participate in athletic pursuits in the great wide open. Northeast Ohio is a golfer's dream, with dozens of world-class courses waiting to test one's ability (and patience). There are few finer ways to spend a sunny summer afternoon than by eating hot dogs, drinking cold beer, and catching a baseball game at Progressive Field. For cyclists, regular Critical Mass rides, a velodrome, and miles and miles of bike paths keep two-wheelers moving along.
Pull back the lens from downtown Cleveland and what comes into view is a Great Lake, a Metroparks system with dozens of reservations, and a national park with more than 30,000 acres of natural splendor. Come summer, the parks, beaches, rivers, bike paths, and hiking trails are alive with activity. Lake Erie's beaches are never far, making a sandy sunset stroll an easy proposition. For nature on a grander scale, locals make the short drive to Cuyahoga Valley National Park to truly immerse themselves in the natural environment.
Cleveland is a bona fide melting pot of ethnicities—just stroll through the West Side Market for proof of that—and they all seem to host a summertime festival that draws huge crowds. From the Greek Fest and Asian Festival to the Puerto Rican Parade and Little Italy's Feast of the Assumption, these neighborhood get-togethers always are filled with great food, live entertainment, and plenty of neighbors and friends to enjoy both.
Of course, the easiest—and possibly most popular—way that Clevelanders enjoy those few fleeting summer months is by being parked on a restaurant patio, brewery beer garden, or any other alfresco eating and/or drinking establishment. Whether it's a chef-driven farm-to-table bistro or a burger-and-a-beer corner tavern, every establishment seems to have an outdoor perch on which to enjoy food and drink. And that's good news, because before you know it, we'll be back indoors snuggled under our blankets waiting for next year.


text:
Hi Andrea, Concerning the "Great Hosta Move", I would put the June 1
clause in your agreement, and try to move as many as you can before then.
Moving the plants will be an enormous job that will require lots of pots,
lots of bags, and especially lots of labels. The moving effort will also
take a long time and you may run out of energy before you run out of
plants. Don't forget you also have to move everything inside the house as
If you give yourself until June 1, you will also be able to see plants
that you missed when you dug everything dormant.
Do You Yahoo!?
Send FREE Valentine eCards with Yahoo! Greetings!
To sign-off this list, send email to email@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
Chinese Sausage Rous
|All purpose flour
|750 Milliliter (3 Cups)
|Baking powder
|2 Teaspoon (10 Milliliter)
|125 Milliliter (1/2 Cup)
|15 Milliliter (1 Tablespoon)
|Warm water
|185 Milliliter (3/4 Cup)
|1⁄2 Teaspoon (2.5 Milliliter)
|Chinese sausages
|7 , halved
|15 Milliliter (1 Tablespoon)
|Red bean paste
|1 1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Brown sugar
|30 Milliliter (2 Tablespoon)
|Oyster sauce
|1 Teaspoon (5 Milliliter)
|125 Milliliter (1/2 Cup)
|1 Pinch
|All purpose flour
|1 Tablespoon
1 Sift flour and baking powder into a bowl. Add sugar and work in butter. Use half the warm water to combine ingredients. Add a little bit more water gradually to work the flour into a dough and knead until smooth. Cover with a damp cloth and set aside for 1 1/2-2 hours until doubled in size.
2 To Make Filling: Steam Chinese sausages for 7 minutes. Place oil in a pan to heat. Add red bean paste, sugar, oyster sauce, water and salt. Add flour to mixture and stir until lumps disappear. Add sausages and let cool.
3 Roll the soft dough into a sausage-shaped roll. Divide into 14 portions. Press each into rectangular shape, 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Put sausage on one side of pastry and roll towards center. Place on a rectangular piece of wax paper, sealed edge facing down.
4 Place sausage rolls in a steamer and steam over high heat for 12-15 minutes.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 5298 Calories from Fat 1538
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 172 g264.1%
Saturated Fat 54 g269.8%
Trans Fat 1 g
Cholesterol 364.9 mg121.6%
Sodium 4216.7 mg175.7%
Total Carbohydrates 766 g255.4%
Dietary Fiber 22.7 g90.8%
Sugars 171.5 g
Protein 154 g307.2%
Vitamin A 14.4% Vitamin C 5.4%
Calcium 90.5% Iron 232.1%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post.
I have never been that interested in home security, but a few months ago, something happened that made me pay close attention to the safety of our home. Our place was robbed while we were out of town, and it was really depressing to see. We lost a lot of possessions that were once very special to us, and it was really discouraging. We had to learn how to sleep in our own home again, even though we were really nervous about having an intruder come into our space again. This blog is all about securing your home, even when you don't have a lot of money.


text:
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Mercedes Benz E63 AMG TJ Burnout In Abuja Nigeria
EPIC BURNOUTS!! Stunts Compilation Abuja Nigeria
Found old clips of stunts in Abuja's growing car/motorsports culture and decided to put them together.. Thousands of people come out to watch, cheer and be entertained by the stunt drivers. One of the greatest street racer and stunt driver out here is Ibdas of the team CCCE "Capital City Car Entertainment". People go bunkers for the action and socializing that happens out at the stunt site.. This videos tries to show a sample of the action that occurs out here.. BURN RUBBER!! "RIP to a friend Lukman Shagari, he believed in the DarkKnight MotorSports vision and was always out at the events supporting and spreading the word. May his soul rest in peace." Music by: Sean Tizzle Title: Mama Eh
Abuja drifting!!
Sunday Abuja/Nigeria drifting


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Annual Tap Extravaganza
This event has already taken place. Click here for the latest events.Add to Calendar 11-05-2013 11-05-2013 15 Annual Tap Extravaganza Hoofers can bring their tap shoes and join the Tap Jam. Featured artists include: Dormesha Sumbry Edwards; Jason Samuels Smith; Omar Edwards; Baakari Wilder; Michelle Dorrance, Andrew Nemr,. Michela Lerman, Dance Captain; Frank Owens, Music Director. http://www.nymetroparents.com/2015neweventinfo.cfm?id=133763 Flushing Town Hall true DD/MM/YYYY
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Ghost Smasher
by: Dexati • 702
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by: Dexati • 702
Ghost smasher is ghost killing game with multiple levels including kid mode.
Ghosts are smashed and killed and if a ghost escape your killing tricks, you are gonna lose.
Smash and kill the ghosts before they take over you and win. Ghost are on battle in the haunted house with you and you need to win to save the humanity form Ghosts hunting us down.
The Ghost Detector may not see these ghosts as they only exist in your phone. Your phone is your ghost finder so find them in your phone and kill them before they can take over the world. Any surviving ghost will make you lose the game. Hunt the ghosts before they hunt you down. There is no Ghost Radar here, you are on your own to find and kill the ghosts.
Why play with Ants and Bees when you can smash ghosts?
Tags: smash the ant , ghost game , fantasmas espíritu , ghost smasher apk , gifts fantasmas , ghost radar apk , gosh smasher .apk , ghost vs human game , free ghosts games apk
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Carbon Monoxide Alarms
The leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in North America, Carbon Monoxide (CO) is odorless, tasteless and invisible – it's a silent killer. The only safe way to know if carbon monoxide is present is to install carbon monoxide detectors (alarms) on every level of your home and in sleeping areas. Kidde has been making CO alarms with electrochemical sensing technology for years.
All of Kidde's CO alarm products – from basic units to premium CO alarms – include the company's patented Nighthawk™ electrochemical CO sensor.
Kidde KN-COSM-BA Battery-Operated Combination Carbon Monoxide and Smoke Alarm with Talking Alarm$39.99
Kidde KN-COPP-B-LPM Battery-Operated Carbon Monoxide Alarm with Digital Display$26.99
Kidde KN-COSM-IBA Hardwire Interconnectable Combination Carbon Monoxide & Smoke Alarm$55.99
Kidde KN-COB-DP2 Carbon Monoxide Alarm AC Powered, Plug-In with Battery Backup$27.95
Kidde KN-COSM-XTR-BA Combination Carbon Monoxide, Fire and Smoke Intelligent Alarm
Regular Price: $77.05
Special Price: $39.99
Worry-Free Kitchen 10-Year Sealed Lithium Battery Operated Combination Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm$52.97
Worry-Free 10-Year Sealed Lithium Battery Operated Carbon Monoxide Alarm with Digital Display$55.99
Worry-Free AC Wire-in Combination Smoke & Carbon Monoxide (CO) Alarm Sealed Lithium Battery Backup
Regular Price: $83.99
Special Price: $69.60
CO120X Carbon Monoxide Relay Module$14.40
Worry-Free Bedroom Plug-in Carbon Monoxide Alarm with Sealed Lithium Battery Backup, Digital Display and Voice Alarm KN-COP-DP-10YB$60.99
Worry-Free Hallway Plug-in Carbon Monoxide Alarm with Sealed Lithium Battery Backup, Digital Display, and Escape/Night Light KN-COP-DP-10YH$66.99
Worry-Free Living Area Plug-in Carbon Monoxide Alarm with Sealed Lithium Battery Backup and Digital Display KN-COP-DP-10YL$56.99
Kidde 900-0278 Plug-in Carbon Monoxide Alarm AC Powered with Battery Backup and Digital Display$53.25
Kidde KN-COEG-3 Nighthawk Plug-In Carbon Monoxide and Explosive Gas Alarm with Battery Backup
Regular Price: $64.99
Special Price: $42.39
Firex KN-COPE-IC Hardwire Combination Carbon Monoxide and Smoke Alarm with Talking Alarm$61.99