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Lot 517: Paper Money - Germany 5 Pfennig ND (1948)
Portuguese Former colonies & world banknotes, Books & Medals
by Numismatica Leiloes
04 November 2016
Lisboa, PortugalLive Auction
Past Lot
Looking for the realised and estimated price?
Paper Money - Germany 5 Pfennig ND (1948)
PAPER. 5 Pfennig ND (1948). Vincos. Suijidade. 5,9x4 cm. P 11a.
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text:
Enjoy the largest personal website for empowering success - Empowering YourselfMillions of connected, unique pages - that's millions of unique web pages -- from one pair of hands.
Delivered particularly for you in the belief that you were born to excel
These are the shortcuts of masters, millionaires, champions & billionaires
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www.Success-Shortcuts.US - The Shortcut Zen of Winners is constituted of the best success shortcuts
Shapetalk.info - Information all about Shapetalk, from the mouth of the horse, creator and innovator of Shapetalk, your very own Godfather of EyeCandy
MisterShortcut poetry, MisterShortcut prose,
all of it here to help you up, to grow your own sweet rose.
Nobody knows how many hoes, it takes to hoe just one row,
but the secrets of life, as most wise people know,
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PowerGems Are Universal Shortcuts for accelerating success - Domaining Masters Path
Naturopathy and the High Energy Expressway go together hand in hand.
Naturopathy is safer, naturopathy tends to cost as little as one thousandth,
naturopathy does not kill anyone, nor does naturopathy speed up any death.
Allopathy cannot ever be licitly compared to naturopathy in terms of safety factors.
Naturopathy is the way of the High Energy Expressway, the way of choice for the wise.
For emergency or acute care, a medical doctor is the best-trained, most likely place for help.
For sickness or disease, there are many millions of people who consider allopathy a non-option.
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Nine of every ten people, not five in every hundred, die of unnatural causes today.
If you do not believe that your food chain is not the most enviable of food chains.
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Three new facts per day, that's it, and you rapidly develop useful expertise.
Stop forming opinions until you have at least one hundred facts inside you.
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If you do not get your best information from the horse's mouth,
maybe you are to be found at the wrong end of the horse.
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Naysayers versus people like YOU.
Naysayers Are Knuckleheads NOT pursuing their own dreams. Welcome to the Domaining Masters Path - . Compliments of Masters and Millionaires, Champions and Billionaires. MisterShortcut
BodyScans Newspaper Articles - Modern Medicine Boosting the Fortunes of Naturopathy
This newspaper article about the Bodyscan reads like a testimonial. Bodyscans providing fast, accurate biofeedback information. Sixteen thousand substances and toxins identified in minutes.
NUTRI-SPEC and Bodyscan May Be YOUR Healthiest and Best Nutrition Plan | Nutri-Spec
Nutrispec is the immune boosting, energy expanding healthier alternative to best nutrition. Welcome to the healthiest web site on earth.
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Compliments of Masters and Millionaires, The Psychology of Success Shortcuts of masters millionaires champions and billionaires. MrShortcut.
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Each website has a slightly discrete angle of perception, because each of us responds to truth by different stimuli. This is for YOU.
Everything great in life has a "catch." The catch to QRA is that the person doing the testing must be strong at GV20. This QRA directory for the High Energy Expressway, and Shapetalk, EyeCandy, etc.,
The Domaining Masters Path and High Energy Expressway share millions of pages, more than you will read through in your lifetime.
If you are inclined and trained to follow the findings and opinions of world-class masters, you will surely want to learn about QRA.
Nothing in the experience of those with even airborne IQ's can compare to the accuracy and utility, day-to-day usefulness, of QRA.
If you get nothing else from these millions of pages from the High Energy Expressway and beyond, at least learn QRA for yourself.
"For yourself" is a critical foundation of your own High Energy Expressway, since no one can live these gems on your behalf, true?
Who embraces the High Energy Expressway practices QRA every day, with gratitude to Marshall and Forbes for developing QRA.
Test the strength of your buildings, an organ, a food, a gland, shoes, glasses, bedclothes, with a one-second bidigital QRA test.
Q-R-A.com - Acronymically, QRA stands for Quantum Reflex Analysis, in the High Energy Expressway list of Top 12 Innovations of the Century
QRA.me - Who practices QRA says, "QRA me," to QRA practitioners, to identify exactly what's weak, and what nutrition will remediate the weakness
QRA.name - With respect to nutrition, the name of the High Energy Expressway favorite approach is QRA, also to be named nutrition of the 21st century
Q-R-A.US - More potent, useful information on Q-R-A, tools enhanced by Marshall, Forbes, Cohen, from the foundation of Dr. Yoshikio Omura's BDORT
QRA-AUSTIN.info - While QRA appointments are now available globally via Dr. Cohen's office, QRA hails from Austin, Texas. High Energy Expressway nod to Austin
QRA-Experts.info - Counting several hundred trained QRA practitioners, more QRA practitioners will be learning Dr. Cohen's QRA, with instant growth as QRA experts
qraNY.info - Practitioners of QRA in New York, NY and environs - The High Energy Expressway way is Quantum Reflex Analysis. Learn all about QRA at www.QRANY.info
QRAPractitioner.info - Book QRA appointments with an expert QRA practitioner now. Learn what the High Energy Expressway calls "body knowledge"-- QRA Practitioner
QRA-Practitioner.info - Most all but the last health challenge has proven, safer answers. The High Energy Expressway recommends QRA practitioners. Save your own life
QRA-Practitioners.com - The best doctors in the world surely are QRA Practitioners, if not QTA1 practitioners - Safer, natural, healthier, QRA is the hands-down winner
www.top-doctors.us/qra-quantum-reflex-analysis.html - From the High Energy Expressway, an opinion: Top doctors are those doctors trained as QRA practitioners
www.health-tower.com/qra-quantum-reflex-analysis.html - If QRA is to change the world forever, the High Energy Expressway promulgates QRA around the world
qra-practitioners.doctordavidcohen.org - Since Dr. Cohen is a QRA practitioner, it made sense to add QRA Practitioners information to his naturopathic websites
www.qra.newyorkbodyscan.com - QRA in New York via David Cohen, High Energy Expressway naturopath, Level III QRA practitioner, helping thousands of people
Quantum-Reflex-Analysis.biosyntony.com - Can you learn too much about quantum reflex analysis? QRA proves to be the most accurate test you will ever learn
GreatestDoctor.net.net/qra-practitioners-three - For acute care, emergencies, M.D. is what you need. For sickness, or imbalance, only a fool would trust an M.D.
QRA-Practitioners.info - You can call 1-888-6004-888 from anywhere in the U.S.A. to talk with the nation's greatest, most advanced of QRA practitioners, trained in Texas
QRAPractitioners.info - Credit to all QRA practitioners who remain focused on kai-sen - unceasing improvement, David Cohen proved the best of all QRA practitioners
QRA-TEXAS.info - As noted with relation to QRA-Austin.info, and the birth of QRA, as well, QRA-Texas.info is an homage to the Texas wizards who gave us QRA
QuantumReflex.info - Of all that you may learn in the way of health and wealth, Quantum Reflex is surely among the most brilliantly useful to your health and longevity
Quantum-Reflex-Analysis.com - The game-changer of game-changers because you can use Quantum Reflex Analysis to measure the strength of food and plenty much more
QuantumReflexAnalysis.com - A thousand medical devices cannot reveal more personal information about you and your state than one skilled quantum reflex analysis expert
Quantum-Reflex-Analysis.info - Information on the subject of quantum reflex analysis, the one set of thoughts and tools that every human being needs to have and to employ
QuantumReflexAnalysis.info - Even further information on the near-magical skillset you RAPDILY build when using quantum reflex analysis techniques of measurement
Quantum-Reflex.info - Every organ and gland in your body has a specific, identified electrical point. You can assay the strength of each with quantum reflex
Also easy to test in a single second, testing strong at GV20 assures consistent, reliable accuracy in QRA testing.
GV20 is located at the highest point on the head, lined up with the top of the ears. Easy, simple, accurate.
20 seconds of PRL's QCI, or one-tenth of a second of our QVials, and all points temporarily strengthen.
So, why does the High Energy Expressway give such inordinate respect to expert QRA practitioners?
Do QRA practitioners have training and testing that favor accuracy more than allopathic methods?
Of all the High Energy Expressway subjects you may choose to engage, always prioritize QRA.
There is nothing like it for instantly testing weakness and strength, in yourself, and far more.
Whether you join the ranks of America's premier expert QRA practitioners, Level III, etc.,
(you should know that not all expert QRA practitioners are Texas-trained, learning solo),
or just simply learn to use the one-second bigidital test brilliantly taught by Dr. Omura,
be sure you understand that QRA is among the five most powerful tools of your life.
The High Energy Expressway urges you to try at least one expert QRA practitioner.
Your life will never be the same, with benefits that will delight and please you.
This is not about the QRA practitioners, however expert each may prove to be.
The High Energy Expressway urges you past consults with QRA practitioners,
by learning to be at least a home-spun version of expert QRA practitioners.
and all the thousands of MisterShortcut health and wealth websites, and shortcuts,
is brought to you by the High Energy Expressway and the Domaining Masters Path
Everything great in life has a "catch." The catch to QRA is that the person doing the testing must be strong at GV20.
This QRA directory for the High Energy Expressway, and Shapetalk, EyeCandy, etc.,
Shorcuts and shortcuts to dazzle your eye,
Shorcuts and shortcuts sent down from on high,
eyecandy shortcuts to inspire more of your mind.
Touch your great shorcuts, which are the best of shortcuts...
determine to lead all the lives that you can.
NEVER underestimate the influence and power of what you have little or experience in.
The Domaining Masters Path offers a comprehensive education and journey for your lifetime.
Do it once, with a shorcut, and it may help. Shorcuts translate to shortcuts, like the ring of a bell.
Do it twice with shorcuts, and see where you get, for once you use shortcuts, you'll likely never forget.
Do it thrice with thine shorcuts, and measure your gap; After using shortcuts, you'll likely never go back.
Consider your shorcuts and all they portend, and once you grasp "shortcuts" they will serve you til the end.
The Domaining Masters Path remains ardently committed to a prime asseveration of the value of shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
The Domaining Masters Path perfervidly promulgates master secrets of the universe that the super-rich prefer you not know.
First, to the prime asseveration of the value of shorcuts-cum-shortcuts most beloved by the Domaining Masters Path embracer:
If you have ever purchased or eaten food prepared by another at your request, you have used shorcuts, which are really shortcuts.
Thus, the Domaining Masters Path succeeds (as expected) in foundationalizing the asseverations pertaining to shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
Next, a simple demonstration of how powerfully shortcuts indisputably alter the lives of those who use shorcuts-cum-shortcuts repeatedly.
Whatever you most want, which people are capable of giving to you? From today, ask more people more times each, the ultimate shortcut.
Never in history have we known this to fail, making it the greatest shortcut of all time with respect to acquisition of most anything at all.
Ask more people more times each, and you consistently end up with more than anyone else NOT using these shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
Thus does the Domaining Masters Path succeed in establishing the value and power of the greatest shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
What your view of the word "shorcuts," you should know that "shorcuts" will serve you well,
as countless others embracing the Domaining Masters Path benefit from "shorcuts."
They are the master secrets of the universe, to help even the playing field for you.
Domaining Masters Path Shapetalk Redux
Shorcuts Shapetalk Number Two For You
eyecandy shorcuts to instigate the best of your mind.
Perform your great shorcuts, most potent of all shortcuts...
decide to lead the fullest of all your lives, by choice, not accidentally.
Whatever you have done well at was important to you, and gave you shortcuts.
Shorcuts are proof that excellence has never occurred, and likely will not, by accident.
The Domaining Masters Path proffers a profoundly useful education and journey of a lifetime.
Do it once, using shorcuts, yield rises. Shorcuts are fast shortcuts, like a good swing of your bat.
Doing twice with shorcuts produces proof, for once you use shortcuts, it is hard to return to old ways.
Doing thrive thrice with great shorcuts, mastery develops, for shortcuts unlock doors you never even saw.
Count up all your shorcuts and what they portend. Once learned, "shortcuts" serve you til the end of your time.
The Domaining Masters Path remains ardently committed to a prime asseveration of the value of shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
The Domaining Masters Path perfervidly promulgates master secrets of the universe that the super-rich prefer you not know.
PRIME: To the first asseveration of the merit of shorcuts-cum-shortcuts most endorsed by the Domaining Masters Path embracer:
Every single time you have asked someone to do something for you, you made use of one of your simplest, most utile of all shorcuts.
Ergo, the Domaining Masters Path achieves (as expected) a foundationalizing of the assertions relating to your shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
Thence, a basic demonstration of how potently shortcuts improve and advance efforts of whoever uses shorcuts-cum-shortcuts repeatedly.
What do you want most that people are able of agreeing to give you? From today, ask more people more times each, the ultimate shortcut.
Not once in history have we heard of failure, entitling this the greatest shortcut of all time with respect to the attainment of most anything.
Ask more people more times each, and you persistently wind up with more than most anyone who does NOT use shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
Ask 1,000 non-inheriting billionaires why they are rich, and they tell you that they asked more than anyone else for what they wanted.
Thus does the Domaining Masters Path succeed in establishing the value and power of the greatest shorcuts-cum-shortcuts.
What your view of the word "shorcuts," you should know that "shorcuts" will serve you well,
as so many, many others embracing the Domaining Masters Path benefit from "shorcuts."
Shorcuts are the master secrets of your universe, to help level playing fields for you.
The Domaining Masters Path is pleased to be the shorcuts capital of the world.
This is all about succeeding much faster with the Domaining Masters Path - of Masters and Millionaires, Champions and Billionaires, largest personal web site on earth. | MrShortcut. Remember 911day.
All About Your Medical Destiny - Take Control with Best Naturopathic Methods - Best Health Shortcuts from MrShortcut
This is YOUR medical destiny. Take more control with effective techniques - Best Health Shortcuts from MrShortcut - Better stronger health.
All of YOUR Medical Dollars Determine How Long You Live - Another MrShortcut Natural Health Web Site
This IS one of the ten great opportunities of your life.
Completely and permanently free, this is for you.
With love from MrShortcut
World's largest personal website - With love from MrShortcut | EyeCandy and BrainCandy with Masters and Millionaires Shortcuts
Permanently free, this must surely be one of the ten or so really great opportunties that come into each of our lives. Enjoy the Domaining Masters Path - , and the great shortcuts of masters and millionaires, champions and billionaires. With love from MrShortcut
Help Eliminate Hunger With Free Clicks - Domaining Masters Path - of Masters Millionaires Champions Billionaires
Help Eliminate Hunger. Use these fast, effective shortcuts of masters and millionaires. PowerGems. biggest web site on the internet.
Prettiest Web Site on Earth - compliments of Masters Millionaires, Champions and Billionaires
The Domaining Masters Path
Shortcuts and more shortcuts of masters, millionaires, champions and billionaires
Role models use the psychology of shortcuts to achieve success faster with shortcuts
Of the seven or eight hundred most influential human beings in my life,
the first and foremost name that comes to mind is the astonishing, brilliant, nay, coruscant Dr. Msgr. Bernard Francis Kellogg, Jr,
the greatest role model and mentor a human being could hope for. May his memory shine forever in the countless thousands of lives he touched with his twinkling eyes.
The Domaining Masters Path -
with love from MisterShortcut
Shorcuts and shortcuts sent down from on high,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Riad Maison Bleue And Spa, Fes
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast and WiFi
Main amenities
- 18 guestrooms
- 2 restaurants
- Full-service spa
- Outdoor pool
- 24-hour health club
- Airport shuttle
- In-room childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Garden
- Car rentals on site
- Library
What's around
- In Fes El Bali
- Medersa Bou-Inania (0.2 mi / 0.4 km)
- University of Al-Karaouine (0.8 mi / 1.3 km)
- Tombs of the Merenides (1.5 mi / 2.4 km)
- Funduq Kaat Smen (0.2 mi / 0.3 km)
- Water Clock (0.2 mi / 0.4 km)
Riad Maison Bleue And Spa, Fesfrom $158
- Deluxe Double Room
- Deluxe Suite
- Standard Double Room
- Suite (Prestige)
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 18 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Children (12 years old and younger) stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets allowed
- 2 per room (up to 5 kg)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
Nearby Four Star Fes hotels
In the hotel
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Free hot/cold buffet breakfast daily
- 2 restaurants
- Poolside bar
- 24-hour room service
- Outdoor pool
- Pool sun loungers
- Full-service spa
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Cross-country skiing nearby
- Downhill skiing nearby
- Sledding nearby
- Snowboarding nearby
- Steam room
- Sauna
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 4
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
- Library
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Minibar
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Egyptian-cotton sheets
- Pillowtop mattress
- Separate sitting area
- Balcony
- Hair dryer
- DVD player
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- In-room safe
Top Fes hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Fes
- Dar TahriFrom
"Best staff and location and amenities. God bless. Thank you so much recommended to all."Jan 17, 2017
- Riad Mazar FesFrom
"Riad means hotel but with only 6 rooms this one is more like a "house" , warm and friendly. staff very helpful. "Jan 15, 2017
- Dar El GhaliaFrom
"Fes is an amazing ancient living city unlike I have ever been to before. It is not overly touristic although not what it once surely was. El Ghalia was well located and staffed…"Jan 12, 2017
- Hôtel PerlaFrom
"Nice room. Very helpful front desk team. Breakfast was good. Overall a very nice experience"Jan 11, 2017
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
Maison Bleue Spa has 2 treatment rooms. Services include massages, facials, body scrubs, and body treatments. The spa is equipped with a sauna and Turkish bath/hammam.
DiningPatio Restaurant - Overlooking the garden, this restaurant specializes in Moroccan cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
The Blue Lounge - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
On Site
- Sauna
- Steam room
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Cross-country skiing nearby
- Downhill skiing nearby
- Sledding nearby
- Snowboarding nearby
Riad Maison Bleue And Spa, Fes's small print
Also known as
- Maison Bleue
- Maison Bleue Fes
- Riad Maison Bleue
- Riad Maison Bleue Fes
- Riad Maison Bleue Hotel Fes
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Children under 12 years old are not allowed in the fitness facility without adult supervision.
This property does not have elevators.
For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments and can be made by contacting the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: MAD 31 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 13 years of age.
Optional extras
Parking is available nearby and costs MAD 20 per 24 hours
Rollaway beds are available for an additional charge
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
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Toshiba Launches Application Processors Supporting Wireless Communication of High Quality Video
February 21, 2014
TOKYO – Toshiba Corporation (TOKYO: 6502) today announced the launch of the "TZ5000 series" of application processors supporting wireless communication of high quality video, as the latest addition to its ApP Lite™. Sample shipments will start in May, with mass production scheduled to start in September, 2014.
Increasingly, delivery of video and audio over the internet (OTT: Over The Top1) requires set top boxes and similar equipment to receive the service and distribute contents to PCs and smartphones via wireless LAN. The "TZ5000 series" application processors integrate a baseband function compliant with IEEE802.11ac, the standard for high speed wireless LAN, and also incorporate 32Gbit NAND flash memory in a single package. This secures a broad bandwidth connection, which is often limited when each component is individually mounted on a PCB, and also reduces mounting area, contributing to downsizing of equipment.
The series also adopts an original low power design, reducing power consumption and heat generation when processing multimedia applications, such as HTML5, which usually imposes a heavy load to the CPU.
Key Features
- Broadband connection with wireless host devices
- The bandwidth of connections between devices is often limited when they are connected through PCI Express® or SDIO interfaces. The "TZ5000 series" achieves broadband connection by incorporating an IEEE802.11ac baseband engine, CPU, and memory into a single package.
- Multi chip package with 32Gbit NAND flash memory
- 32Gbit NAND flash memory and a dedicated memory controller are incorporated into the package, securing fast boot of software, such as the operating system, and high speed data access. It is secure against falsification of data or hacking attacks because the program area is built into the package.
About ApP Lite™
Recently more and more devices are connected to the internet. ApP Lite™ (Application Processor Lite) does not simply feed raw data to the cloud, such as images captured by sensors and audio, but also carries out efficient signal processing and extract necessary data through image recognition, contributing to reductions of data loads.
OTT tuners, IP media box, wearable devices, digital signage equipment, and thin client devices2
Key Specifications of New Product
|Part Number
|Secure Boot System Control
|Not supported
|Embedded IEEE802.11a/b/g/n/ac 2×2 MIMO Baseband Engine (Ensigma™ C4500)
|Flash Memory
|Embedded 32Git MLC NAND
|Dual-core ARM® Cortex®-A9 MPCore / NEON™ ~1.2GHz
|PowerVR™ SGX540
|PowerVR™ VXD395
|Graphics Engine
|1080p@60fps Multi Format Decoder, IPC, Scalar, Rotator, Composer
|High-Speed I/O
|DDR3/3L/LP-DDR3, USB OTG, SDIO, HDMI®, MIPI® CSI and DSI
- [1]Image content or services delivered via the internet.
- [2] A thin client is a dedicated device with limited functions in a client server system.
- * PCI Express is a trademark or a registered trademark of PCI-SIG.
- * ARM, Cotex and NEON are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Limited in the EU and other countries.
- * ApP Lite is a trademark of Toshiba Corporation.
- * Ensigma and PowerVR are trademarks or registered trademarks of Imagination Technologies Limited.
- * Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of Wi-Fi Alliance
- * HDMI is a registered trademark of HDMI Licensing, LLC in the United States and/or other countries.
- * MIPI is a registered trademark of MIPI Alliance, Inc.
- * All other trademarks and trade names are properties of their respective owners.
- For further information about this product, please visit:
- Customer Inquiries:
- Logic LSI Marketing & Engineering Department
Tel: +81-44-548-2753
Information in this document, including product prices and specifications, content of services and contact information, is current on the date of the announcement but is subject to change without prior notice.
News Source : Toshiba Launches Application Processors Supporting Wireless Communication of High Quality Video
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TIGI Bed Head Spoil Me Defrizzer 9 oz.
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- Helps repair and moisturize
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- About the brand
Tigi Bed Head Spoil Me is an instant defrizzer, smoother and restyler. Be spoiled... it's all about smooth, soft sexy hair.
Aqua (water/eau), Dimethyl Ether, Dimethicone Peg-8 Benzoate, Polyquarternium-16, Cocotrimonium Methosulfate, Quarternium-52, Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Peg/ppg-20/23 Dimethicone, Panthenol, Parfum (fragrance), Phenoxyethanol, Amyl Cinnamal, Benzyl Limonene, Linalool, Benzyl Alcohol, Potassium Sorbate, Tocopherol, Ceteryl Ethylhexanoate
Spray all over damp or dry hair, then style. Excellent when used as a second day re-styler.
Founded by brothers Toni and Guy Mascolo, TIGI is a family hair affair. With over 30 years in the salon industry, all five Mascolo brothers have worked to build the TIGI hair care and styling empire. TIGI is easily recognized by its trendy, edgy packaging and quirky names and its unparalleled styling ability makes it a favorite of hair junkies worldwide. Includes shampoos, conditioners, hair sprays and tools for fierce styling.


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Throughout your college application process, utilizing your family can be a great way to ensure that you apply to, and pick, the perfect school. Family members know you very well, may have insightful thoughts on which schools you should consider, and can be great company on college campus tours. Although you may be ready to conquer the world on your own, listening to your family and working together will help the process run very smoothly. They've been in your shoes, and they know what to expect!
To Stay In State, or Not To Stay In State
You have a big decision to make here. When you start your selection process, consider the following: Do you want to be within driving distance from your family? Do you want to go far away? Is distance from home important to you? Or does it not matter how far it is, if it's the right school? While some students find comfort in having family close by, others may see going to college as an opportunity to venture out fully on their own. Understanding what proximity you want to your family can help narrow down the list of which schools are the best options for you.
For students who live in states with good public universities, applying only to these colleges may seem like a smart option to parents who are helping pay tuition. Though it narrows down the range of your decision, talking through this idea with your family can ensure that you understand their point of view and the reasons they think it is a viable option for you both financially and academically. Parents may like the idea that you can get a great education at a lower cost, and this is something to consider when making your college decision.
Lets Hear It For The Alma Mater!
Did your parents meet in college? Is your sister always raving about how much she loves her school? Were you raised as a diehard college football fan? These schools are a great option for you, too!
College pride can run deep within families, and you may be encouraged to apply to the alma maters of your parents and siblings. These schools may seem desirable to you because of the great stories you've heard about them over the years. If they fit the criteria of what you want out of your college experience (research the different majors, student life, and campus culture when making this decision), it's a great way to start a new family tradition. Many schools like the idea of creating a legacy within families, and having family members who are alumni will be noted on your application. Sharing college spirit with your family can keep you connected after you've moved away from home and give you something you can enjoy together. You'll love walking around campus with your mom as she tells you all about her college experience thirty years ago, and she'll love watching you have as great of a time as she did.
Need more help deciding on a college? Cappex has lots of information about schools to help you find the perfect college match.


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In Bacillus subtilis, the yoxA and dacC genes were proposed to form an operon. The yoxA gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and its product fused to a polyhistidine tag was purified. An aldose-1-epimerase or mutarotase activity was measured with the YoxA protein that we propose to rename as GalM by analogy with its counterpart in E. coli. The peptide d-Glu-δ-m-A2pm-d-Ala-m-A2pm-d-Ala mimicking the B. subtilis and E. coli interpeptide bridge was synthesized and incubated with the purified dacC product, the PBP4a. A clear dd-endopeptidase activity was obtained with this penicillin-binding protein, or PBP. The possible role of this class of PBP, present in almost all bacteria, is discussed.
In Bacillus subtilis, the yoxA and dacC genes are surrounded by transcriptional terminators and were proposed to form an operon (Tognoni et al., 1995). The first gene codes for a 37-kDa protein of unknown function, but is homologous to aldose-1-epimerases or galactose mutarotases. In this study, we describe the purification of the yoxA-encoded protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Enzymatic characterization was also performed. The second gene, initially referred to as pbp, was suggested to encode a dd-carboxypeptidase and was renamed dacC (Pedersen et al., 1998). Its product was referred to as PBP4a. It was overproduced in E. coli (Pedersen et al., 1998) and its dd-carboxypeptidase activity was verified in vitro (Duez et al., 2001). The crystal structures of PBP4a (PBP, penicillin-binding protein) alone or in complex with a peptidoglycan mimetic peptide are available (PDB accession code 1W5D and 2J9P, respectively) (Sauvage et al., 2007). It belongs to class C1 of PBPs, also named type 4-PBP in reference to the E. coli PBP4 (Sauvage et al., 2008). The latter is able to cleave the d-alanyl-γ-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl (d-Ala-γ-m-A2pm) in the peptidoglycan cross-bridges formed by the dd-transpeptidases (Keck & Schwarz, 1979; Korat et al., 1991). This facet of a dd-carboxypeptidase activity is commonly named a 'dd-endopeptidase' activity. In this study, we clearly show that the B. subtilis PBP4a exhibits such an activity, the first to be described in this organism. The yoxA and dacC genes are cotranscribed at the end of their exponential growth from a σH-dependent promoter located immediately upstream of yoxA and dacC was first considered as a stationary phase or early-sporulation-specific gene (Pedersen et al., 1998). However, the sporulation of a B. subtilis dacC insertional mutant was not affected when compared with parental cells (Pedersen et al., 1998). A second promoter, which is σB-dependent, overlaps the first one. In B. subtilis, the sigma factor B is necessary to induce the expression of the general stress proteins that respond to difficult environmental conditions, nutrient depletion or low temperature (Hecker et al., 2007). Inside the yoxA gene, a short sequence 5′-AGGAAACGCTTCCT-3′ beginning at −499 bp of the dacC gene corresponds to a catabolite-response element. In the presence of glucose in the culture medium, the expression of dacC is repressed and this repression appears to be under the control of CcpA, the major catabolite mediator in B. subtilis (Lorca et al., 2005). We may reasonably postulate that glucose depletion induces the dacC expression while that of yoxA is induced by ammonium (as a nitrogen source) or l-tryptophan starvation (Thi Tam et al., 2007). Under laboratory growth conditions, the B. subtilis PBP4a is dispensable (Pedersen et al., 1998). However, this class of PBPs is present in almost all bacteria (except in Gram-positive cocci with a low G+C DNA content and in Listeria) and seems to be part of the minimal arsenal of PBPs as suggested by the case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which has only four PBPs, one class A (PBP 1), one class B (PBP2), one class C3 (PBP 4) and PBP3 that belongs to class C1. This conservation may indicate an essential role in natural niches.
Materials and methods
Bacterial strains and culture media
The laboratory B. subtilis 168 1A1 strain (Bacillus Genetic stock centre) or E. coli strains were grown at 37 °C in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium. Bacillus subtilis 168 1A1 and its isogenic BFS2613 or BFS2619 mutants (from the MICrobial Advanced Database Organization, the mutant collection of B. subtilis at http://genome.jouy.inra.fr) were also grown in M9 minimal medium supplemented in l-Trp and containing 5 mM d-galactose and 1 mM l-arabinose as carbon sources (Krispin & Allmansberger, 1998).
Recombinant DNA techniques
The genomic DNA was extracted using the Illustra™ Bacteria Genomic Prep Mini Spin kit from GE Healthcare. PCRs were performed with oligonucleotides purchased from Eurogentec (Seraing, Belgium). PCR products or DNA fragments isolated from agarose gels were purified using the Illustra™ GFX PCR DNA and gel band purification kit (GE Healthcare). DNA fragments resulting from PCRs were cloned into the pJET1.2/Blunt plasmid using the CloneJET™ PCR Cloning Kit from Fermentas Life Sciences (Vilnius, Lithuania). Escherichia coli DH5α was used for cloning purposes and the plasmids were extracted using the Genejet™ plasmid miniprep kit (Fermentas Life Sciences). The expression vector was pET20b (Novagen) doubly digested by NdeI and XhoI, and E. coli KRX (Promega Benelux, Leiden, the Netherlands) served as a host to produce the recombinant yoxA product.
Mutarotase activity
An indirect enzymatic assay was performed according to Gatz et al. (1986), Thoden et al. (2002). The principle is as follows: in the presence of a mutarotase, a rapid and reversible conversion of glucose from α to β configuration occurs. A second enzyme, glucose dehydrogenase, utilizes the β-anomer to reduce NAD+. The appearance of NADH can be monitored at 340 mm. The reference reaction mixture consisted of 447.5 μL of 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 12.5 μL of glucose dehydrogenase at 1535 U mL−1 (Sigma), 15 μL of 100 mM NAD+ (Sigma) and 25 μL of 33.3 mM anhydrous alpha-d-(+)-glucose from Aldrich. The reaction mixtures contained 1–5 μL of purified YoxA-His6 (1.7–6.9 μM). In all cases, the glucose solution was added last, and after a short mixing in the cuvettes of a Specord 200 spectrophotometer (Analytik Jena AG, Germany), the absorbance was monitored for 10–15 min at 30 °C. The rate of mutarotation in the samples supplemented with YoxA-His6 was automatically corrected by subtracting the spontaneous rate of α-glucose conversion to the β-form measured in the reference mixture.
dd-Endopeptidase assay
For this purpose, the peptide d-Glu-δ-m-A2pm-d-Ala-m-A2pm-d-Ala (Mr: 633) mimicking the peptidoglycan interpeptide bridge was synthesized (details on the synthesis can be obtained from A. Luxen). The assay was performed at 25 °C for 60 min in 10 mM ammonium hydrogen carbonate of pH 7.7 with 1.5 mM peptide and 2 μg of purified B. subtilis PBP4a or E. coli PBP5 (total volume: 20 μL). The reaction products were 50-fold diluted with methanol and analysed by MS using a TSQ 7000 Thermoquest Finnigan apparatus equipped with an electrospray source. The cosolvent (injected at 200 μL min−1) was a 50 : 50 mixture of water and methanol containing 0.1% acetic acid.
Cloning and overexpression of the yoxA gene
The yoxA gene was amplified from the B. subtilis 168 1A1 genomic DNA by PCR using the Pfx DNA polymerase (Invitrogen) and the oligonucleotides: NdeI-yoxA 5′-CGCATATGGCAAACTTTATTGAGAAAATCACG-3′ and yoxA-XhoI 5′-CGCTCGAGTTGATGATTCAGTTCAATGGTGATAC-3′ in which the underlined sequences correspond to the NdeI and XhoI restriction sites, respectively. The ATG translation initiation codon is present in the NdeI site. The fragment was cloned into the pJet1.2 vector and its sequence was completely determined on both strands (GIGA sequencing platform, University of Liege, Belgium). This sequence is available in the EMBL database under the accession number FN430773. The coding sequence was recovered by double digestion with NdeI and XhoI and subcloned into the expression plasmid pET20b in phase with a polyhistine-encoding sequence in the 3′ of yoxA. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform E. coli KRX cells. The production of YoxA-His6 was performed under the following conditions: 1 L of LB medium (in four 1-L flasks) was inoculated (1/25) with an overnight preculture and shaken at 37 °C to an A600 nm of 0.5. The culture was cooled at 18 °C before addition of the inducer (0.1% rhamnose). After 16 h of culture at 18 °C, the cells were recovered by centrifugation (15 min at 4000 g), resuspended in 40 mL of 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl (buffer A) and frozen overnight at −20 °C. The cells were thawed and disrupted by sonication on ice (five cycles of 30 s and amplitude of 18 μ peak to peak with an MSE sonicator). The soluble proteins were recovered by a 30-min centrifugation at 30 000 g. A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis confirmed the production of YoxA-His6 almost entirely in the soluble form.
Purification of YoxA-His6
The soluble protein fraction was subjected to IMAC purification by FPLC using an ÅKTA prime system (GE Healthcare). After filtration on a 0.45 μm membrane it was loaded on a 5-mL His-Trap column (GE Healthcare) equilibrated in buffer A. The column was washed with 100 mL of 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl and 10 mM imidazole (buffer B), and a 50 mL linear gradient between buffer B and buffer C (50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, 500 mM NaCl and 500 mM imidazole) was automatically applied (1 mL min−1) to elute the target protein. The purity of the recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and the more concentrated fractions were pooled and dialysed against a large volume of 10 mM HEPES, pH 8, 200 mM NaCl and 1 mM reduced glutathione. A fraction of the production was aliquoted and frozen at −20 °C while 0.02% sodium azide was added to the remaining part before storage at 4 °C. The final yield was 250 mg of pure YoxA-His6 from a 1-L culture.
Characterization of the YoxA-His6 enzymatic activity
As shown in Fig. 1, the mutarotase assay revealed an increase in A340 nm in the mixtures containing the recombinant YoxA-His6 protein and this increase was proportional to the amount of purified recombinant protein (rYoxA) added. The yoxA product can therefore be classified as a mutarotase or aldose-1-epimerase.
Growth of B. subtilis 168 1A1, BFS2613 and BFS2619 strains in minimal medium with d-galactose as the main carbon source
While possessing all proteins necessary to degrade d-galactose, B. subtilis 168 1A1 is unable to grow in minimal medium with this sugar as the sole carbon source, owing to the lack of a specific transporter. However, d-galactose is imported when l-arabinose is also added to the minimum medium (Krispin & Allmansberger, 1998). Bacillus subtilis 168 1A1 and two isogenic mutants, BFS2613 or BFS2619 (in which yoxA or dacC had been disrupted, respectively), were grown in M9 medium with 5 mM d-galactose as the main carbon source and 1 mM l-arabinose to induce the AraE transporter synthesis. As shown in Fig. 2, the growth of BFS2613, the strain deficient in YoxA, is significantly delayed (>48 h) in comparison with the parental or BFS2619 strains. After 72 h, however, the turbidities of the three cultures were equivalent. From these data, YoxA appears to be important for the utilization of d-galactose as the main C source at least during the first 2 days of culture in minimal medium.
Characterization of the PBP4a dd-endopeptidase activity
The d-Glu-δ-m-A2pm-d-Ala-m-A2pm-d-Ala peptide (Fig. 3) mimicking the E. coli and B. subtilis peptidoglycan cross-bridges was used to detect a dd-endopeptidase activity associated with PBP4a. The E. coli PBP5 served as a negative control. The MS analysis of the products resulting from the hydrolysis of the peptide by PBP4a yielded the following values: MS (ES+): m/z=262 corresponding to the mass of m-A2pm-d-Ala+1 and MS (ES+): m/z=391 corresponding to the mass of d-Glu-δ-m-A2pm-d-Ala+1. This result is in excellent agreement with the expected theoretical values after cleavage by PBP4a at the position indicated by the undulated line in Fig. 3. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which a dd-endopeptidase activity is associated with a B. subtilis PBP.
The yoxA product
In this study, we have expressed the B. subtilis yoxA gene in E. coli. The yoxA product is clearly homologous to mutarotases or aldose-1-epimerases. Indeed, the B. subtilis yoxA product is able to anomerize glucose, but the physiological substrate remains to be identified. Mutarotases do not show amino acid similarities to other proteins in the data banks, but are widely conserved in bacteria, fungi, yeast, plants and even mammals. Such enzymes are necessary for a rapid conversion of aldoses from β to α configurations, the latter being the only form recognized by aldose kinases performing the first step in the Leloir pathway (Frey, 1996; Holden et al., 2003). On the basis of clear homology (38% of similarity) with the E. colid-galactose mutarotase, named GalM, we propose to give the same appellation to the B. subtilis yoxA product. The protein sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the UniProt Knowledgebase under the accession number P39840.
The reason for the yoxA-dacC organization in a two-gene operon is not clear. In Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a similar situation is found and the direct upstream and downstream genes are homologous to those found in B. subtilis on both sides of this small transcription unit. This is not the case in Bacillus licheniformis in which yoxA is between ydhH (encoding a protein of unknown function) and nhaC coding for the NhaC protein, a Na+/H+antiporter. In E. coli, the galM gene (encoding GalM, the protein homologous to the yoxA product) belongs to the four-gene gal operon involved in lactose and galactose metabolism (Bouffard et al., 1994).
PBP4a, the dacC product
A large set of data concerning PBP4a, encoded by dacC, have recently been published in a review relative to PBPs (Sauvage et al., 2008). In our study, we show that besides an in vitrodd-carboxypeptidase activity, PBP4a is able to cleave a synthetic peptide mimicking the natural peptidoglycan cross-bridge and therefore behaves as a so-called dd-endopeptidase. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this activity associated with a B. subtilis PBP. Nevertheless, other dd-endopeptidase(s) must be present in this rod bacterium because PBP4a appears to be dispensable, at least under laboratory growth conditions (Pedersen et al., 1998). Polyclonal antibodies allowed the detection of PBP4a in extracts of surface proteins and even in culture supernatants, likely due to peptidoglycan turnover (data not shown). These results bring solid arguments for the localization of PBP4a in the external layers of peptidoglycan, where it could exert its activity to reduce the stress generated by the expansion of the cell wall. The dd-endopeptidase activity associated with domain I, the penicillin-binding domain of PBP4a, could correspond to the physiological role of the protein. Of note, a gene (pscA) encoding a functional PBP homologous to E. coli PBP4 has been discovered in the chromosome of a eukaryotic organism, the ameba Dictyostelium discoideum that phagocytes bacteria (Yasukawa et al., 2003). The stabilization of PBP4a in the outer layers of peptidoglycan could result from interactions between polymers bearing negative charges such as teichoic acids and domain II of PBP4a characterized by an external crown of positive charges arising from protruding lysine residues (Sauvage et al., 2007). According to its surface location and its dd-endopeptidase activity, the B. subtilis PBP4a must be envisioned as a member of the autolysin pool as proposed for E. coli PBP4 (Höltje, 1995), but the dispensable nature of PBP4a under laboratory culture conditions and the absence of dacC expression in the exponential phase of growth or in the presence of a rapidly digestible carbon source suggest another role for this PBP. This type of PBP (and others) could be involved in the biofilm formation (Gallant et al., 2005), a common way of life for most bacteria in natural niches, especially under hostile conditions. Several studies comparing the gene expression of B. subtilis in the planktonic or in sessile (biofilm) states mentioned an overexpression of yoxA, dacC (encoding PBP4a) and pbpE (encoding PBP4*) (Stanley et al., 2003; Ren et al., 2004). The presence of a PBP-C1 (also named type-4 PBP) in almost all bacteria strengthens this hypothesis, but an increased expression of the yoxA-dacC operon could also be a side effect resulting from N and/or C source(s) depletion encountered in a sessile community and particularly in mature biofilms. Another role for the PBP4a when B. subtilis is subjected to C source starvation could be the participation of its dd-endopeptidase activity in the predation of other bacteria present in a biofilm or even in cannibalistic behavior, a means to recover nutrients and to retard the sporulation process (Nandy et al., 2007; Nandy & Venkatesh, 2008). Finally, the yoxA and dacC genes could participate in the B. subtilis survival.
We thank A. Galizzi (University of Pavia, Italy) for the gift of the BFS2613 and BFS2619 strains. We are grateful to E. Sauvage and S. Rigali for numerous and very fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Belgian Program on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Minister's office, Science Policy Programming (PAI6/19) and FRFC (grant 2.4.511.06) FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium. A.Z. was supported by the European Commission LSHM-CT-2004-512138 program (EUR-INTAFAR). N.T. was supported by ARC 03/08-297. C.D. is Chercheur Qualifié of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Brussels, Belgium).


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|"Timm, Sean" <ST...@mailgo.com>
|RE: Retrieve the process type within a processor?
|Wed, 26 Jan 2000 06:18:47 GMT
It was a momentary lapse of sanity during a brief compromise on design integrity (at least the reason I was looking at it). However, let me explain briefly part of how we are using Cocoon and why I think I might want to do it. We are dynamically generating the cocoon-process tags based on a custom sitemap file (not related to the current Cocoon sitemap proposal) and passing the data off to various processors. It provides a great way to partition functionality so we can add or remove various parts of the system without modifying anything but our sitemap (and cocoon.properties file). In our current design, I don't believe it is necessary, so perhaps this is just a matter of good versus bad design, but it seems you could run into a situation where you are dynamically generating processing tags, and the processor you are currently in determines that it needs data from the user. It passes a page to the user that posts the user's responses back to Cocoon along with information about the processor that needed the data. It queries the site through the sitemap processor which must once again dynamically establish where to pass control off to, and the processor that had to query data is wanting to be called again to complete the processing of the data. The processor that originally decided it needed the data was responsible for querying for that data, so it needs some way to add in the tag information that says "call me again" without having to hard-code the name of the processor specified in the cocoon.properties file. Once again, I don't believe our current design calls for this, but it seems like this could be useful occasionally. Am I once again having a temporary loss of sanity, or does this make some sort of sense? - Sean T. -----Original Message----- From: Stefano Mazzocchi To: email@example.com Sent: 1/25/00 6:36 AM Subject: Re: Retrieve the process type within a processor? "Timm, Sean" wrote: > > Is there a way (short of parsing the cocoon.properties file) to determine > the process type of the processor you're currently in? > > In other words, > > JoeProcessor is accessed through <?cocoon-process type="joe"?>. > > Is there a way for JoeProcessor (while running) to find out that his short > name is "joe"? It might be possible, but I fail to see a good reason for this. What are you trying to do? -- Stefano Mazzocchi One must still have chaos in oneself to be able to give birth to a dancing star. <email@example.com> Friedrich Nietzsche -------------------------------------------------------------------- Come to the first official Apache Software Foundation Conference! ------------------------- http://ApacheCon.Com ---------------------
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Blog Archive
Checking in on Jupiter: the belt is coming back
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/03/25 03:46 CDT
Since it's been several months since I last took a look at Jupiter, I thought it was time to see what's up with the South Equatorial Belt.
LPSC 2011: Wanted: Pioneer 10 & 11 digital data
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/03/11 01:39 CST
This is both a Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) update and a public service announcement. Ted Stryk has been working for years to locate the original Pioneer 10 and 11 image data from the Jupiter and Saturn encounters.
The Solar System from the Inside Out - and the Outside In
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/02/18 02:27 CST
Space probes grant us perspective, the ability to see our place within the vastness of the solar system. But opportunities to see all of the solar system's planets in one observation are rare. In fact, there's only been one opportunity on one mission to see the whole solar system at once, until now.
Snapshots from Space: Voyager views of the Great Red Spot, Björn Jönsson
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/02/10 02:38 CST
I've got a new column in the Planetary Society's member magazine, The Planetary Report, called "Snapshots from Space," highlighting really cool amateur-processed images. I'm excited to have the opportunity to help these people get their work published!
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/01/31 03:14 CST
Here's an image I've been meaning to post for months, a new mosaic from Voyager 1 by Ted Stryk of Io crossing Jupiter's terminator as it neared closest approach.
Report from the 2011 New Horizons Science Team Meeting
Posted by Ted Stryk on 2011/01/24 01:01 CST
The annual New Horizons Science Team Meeting was held last week at NASA's Ames Research Center.
365 Days of Astronomy Podcast: Unmanned Space Exploration in 2011
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/01/12 10:32 CST
Today the 365 Days of Astronomy podcast aired my contribution, Unmanned Space Exploration in 2011, about what to look forward to in solar system exploration this year.
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2011/01/04 03:13 CST
I was browsing JPL's Planetary Photojournal today and noticed that they've posted an updated artist's concept of the Juno spacecraft, which is set to launch in August for a 2016 arrival at Jupiter.
Jupiter's outbreak is spreading
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/11/22 11:03 CST
Jupiter, always a pretty sight in the sky, is now worth visiting every day; the "outbreak" that heralds the return of Jupiter's formerly red, now fadedsouth equatorial belt is expanding and multiplying.
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/11/11 10:48 CST
Jupiter's faded belt may be coming back.
An awesome animation of Jupiter's clouds
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/11/09 02:18 CST
Ready to see something beautiful? Here's a team effort by Björn Jónsson and Ian Regan to create a really mesmerizing view of the motions of Jupiter's clouds.
Voyager Mission Status Bulletins: Jupiter and Saturn
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/09/24 01:27 CDT
Last week I posted a stack of Voyager Mission Status Bulletins, which were once the main resource for space enthusiasts to follow the dramatic events and photos of an in-flight space mission.
Pretty picture: Europa and Jupiter
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/09/21 05:29 CDT
Photos like this always make me think about how unimportant size is in determining whether one of the worlds of the solar system is an exciting place.
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/09/14 01:39 CDT
We take for granted now the ability to get detailed mission updates in a timely fashion via the Web. But How did people get their mission status before the Web?
Possibly the best view of the Great Red Spot ever
Posted by Björn Jónsson on 2010/09/01 06:40 CDT | 1 comments
This is a new, big mosaic of Voyager 1 images, this time showing the Great Red Spot at high resolution.
Jupiter's swirling storms from Voyager 1
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/08/26 05:28 CDT
Amateur image mage Björn Jónsson has recently turned his attention back to Voyager 1's close-up images of Jupiter.
The August 20, 2010 Jupiter fireball -- and the March 5, 1979 one
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/08/24 11:36 CDT
Following up on the story I first posted on August 22, the Jupiter impact fireball first noticed by Japanese amateur astronomer Masayuki Tachikawa has been independently confirmed by two other Japanese astronomers.
Yet another Jupiter impact!? August 20, seen from Japan
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/08/22 05:03 CDT
This may be a very common event after all: another optical flash has been observed on Jupiter, again from an observer far east of the Greenwich meridian, though it was not Anthony Wesley (for once).
New Horizons images Jupiter again
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/07/27 06:30 CDT
Three years after New Horizons flew past Jupiter on its way to Pluto, the spacecraft has imaged the giant planet again.
Jupiter's faded belt: It's happened before, and it'll happen again
Posted by Emily Lakdawalla on 2010/06/16 05:07 CDT
When I wrote a post about Jupiter's missing South Equatorial Belt in May, I had three main questions: how long did it take for the belt to go away, has this happened before, and how can a planet as big as Jupiter change its appearance so quickly?
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Tag: blending eyeshadow
How To: What's Hot (And Not!) In Smoky Eyes
Mon, 25 August 2014 8:30AM
Smoky eyes are supposed to be dramatic. Striking. Seductive even. A clever play on shadow and light. Like the creative kohl action Keira Knightley has going on here: "This smoky eye works perfectly on Keira," says Lara Srokowski, Lancôme Australia, National Makeup Artist. "The eyeshadow is intensified towards the lashes giving the illusion of bold lashes, and is… more


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Well, maybe not really, but it is snowing. Not that that's anything new for Utah at this time of year I suppose.
Here's the view out the back window of my Aunt Pat's house in Woods Cross.
And here's the view out the front door.
The Onion is sometimes quite funny, and other times quite inappropriate. This one is funny.
Abigail Adams nailed it in 1783.
"What is it that affectionate parents require of their Children; for all their care, anxiety, and toil on their accounts? Only that they would be wise and virtuous, Benevolent and kind." --Abigail Adams, letter to John Quincy Adams, 1783
That's what I want from my children. That they be wise. That they be virtuous. That they be benevolent, and that they be kind. That's not too much to hope for is it?
I wonder how many parents end up being disappointed that we don't get that from our children? Fortunately, while there's life there's hope.
"Weird Al" Yankovic has a fun song named "Virus Alert". In the song he describes a particularly noxious computer virus that can do all sorts of terrible things both inside cyberspace and outside. This improbably powerful virus is described in one of those popular chain emails and has absolutely ridiculous capabilities. The email within the song warns you to "tell all your friends" and finishes with the words "hit send – right now!".
Virus alert!
Delete immediately before someone gets hurt!
Forward this message on to everybody
Warn all your friends, send this to everybody
Tell everyone you know, tell everybody now
What are you waiting for?
Just hurry up and forward this to every single person that you know!
Hit send right now!
Weird Al is making fun of the people that send these emails out, always believing the worst things they read and feeling the need to warn us all, whether what they read is plausible or not. Those emails spread like a virus themselves. The only way to stop the pandemic spread is to toss them to the junk mail folder or delete them without forwarding them on. … but, how do you know when the threat of a virus is real or not?
I've been working with computers and the internet for nearly thirty years now. In that time I've had to deal with three viruses and trojan horses. It's not fun when it happens, believe me. Both viruses and trojan horses can be blocked from accessing your computer, but you need to help to keep your machine safe. Anti-virus software isn't enough.
This morning I received two suspicious emails. One purported to be from "Manager Stanley Davila [firstname.lastname@example.com]" and the other from "The Facebook Team [firstname.lastname@example.com]". Both of these emails carried an attachment. The attachment was a .ZIP file.
I've had dealings with DHL and with Facebook in the past, and neither of them have ever sent me attachments like this. UPS typically will send mailing labels as attachments to email, but they come in .PDF documents. DHL has never sent me a mailing label. Facebook was telling me that my account's password had been changed and that the new password was contained in the attached document. That in itself was suspicious.
Normally, when an infected attachment comes with an email, McAfee's anti-virus software flags it for me and leaves an attachment that contains a description of the virus. That didn't happen this time. I saved both attachments to files on my computer. Then I ran a virus scan on each. McAfee still didn't find anything. I opened the .ZIP files and found that they both contained executables. I stopped there and didn't run the executables. Instead, I copied the executables and scanned them. McAfee still didn't report a virus.
To tell you the truth, opening the .ZIP files like that was probably a dumb thing to do. I got lucky – I think. The files are really .ZIP files and nothing seems to have taken advantage of any flaws in the software I used to open them. But it could have, and if it did I'd probably be writing a very different article right now. I guess I'm not quite paranoid (Is it really paranoia if they really are out to get you?) enough yet. There's a better way I could have handled this, using software that runs a "virtual computer" on my system.
Microsoft's Virtual PC is free software. It allows you to create a simulation of a computer on your computer. There IS a version available for machines running Windows XP (that's where the link goes) but Microsoft's latest version is only available for Windows 7. Strangely enough, on the same page that contains a link to details about Virtual PC 2007, Microsoft says "No. Windows Virtual PC is an optional component of Windows 7 and is not available for Windows Vista or Windows XP-based PCs." Trust me. I'm running it on my Windows XP-based PC right now. Windows 7 wasn't even released in beta when I installed it.
Anyway, one of the features of Virtual PC 2007 is called "undo disks". This is a special type of virtual hard drive that you can use with your virtual computers. When your virtual computer is running with undo disks, a shadow copy of the original configurations is stored. If you close your virtual session, everything you did to the virtual computer's hard drive is discarded and your original configuration is restored, unless you choose to commit the changes to the hard drive. Naturally this requires more actual space than the virtual hard drive's capacity, but then there isn't any such thing as a "free lunch."
So the right way to open an attachment that you aren't sure about is to do it inside a virtual machine session on a virtual machine equipped with "undo disks." That way, if the attachment is infected, you can discard the changes made to the virtual machine, discarding the virus. It's sort of like using the Write-Protect tab on old floppy disks.
The only down side to this is that you have to have a license for the operating system you run on the virtual machine, as well as for the one you run on the host machine. Getting an FPP copy of Windows XP is probably a bit difficult right now. I fortunately have several extras laying about the house that I use for my virtual machines.
But, back to the email. Like I said, McAfee didn't report any viruses, either in the .ZIP files, or in the executable files that they contain. That doesn't mean too much. Malware authors are always looking for ways to get around anti-virus software, and if they don't use a recognizable virus signature that doesn't mean that the programs they create aren't malware.
Alan Turing proved a long time ago that it's not possible for a computer program to tell what another computer program will do, except by running that other computer program. This applies even to anti-virus software. It can't tell what a particular program will do, it can only recognize viruses by their signature. The signature of a virus is a particular pattern of bits contained within the body of the virus. Anti-virus software scans to see if there are any recognized patterns of bits and if so flags the file being scanned. A virus that hasn't been seen before will probably contain an unrecognizable signature, and so anti-virus software won't flag it.
In other words, anti-virus software can recognize known viruses and warn you about them, but it can't recognize viruses it hasn't seen before. Just because a scan turns up negative doesn't mean you're safe! So still not feeling to secure about running these attachments I decided to do a little more investigation (after wiping the attachments from my hard drive).
Email is a wonderful thing. It's cheaper (once you get past the cost of the hardware and connection to the Internet) than physical mail. But, there are people out there that like to pretend that they're other people. I receive between 40 and 100 pieces of email a day. Some are due to having subscribed to one or another email lists, others are due to commercial relationships I have with various online enterprises, and others are from friends. The rest is spam. Anti-spam software works in a similar fashion to anti-virus software. It looks for recognizable patterns and flags some mail as spam. Even so, a lot of spam gets past it.
I have three layers of anti-spam software helping to keep the junk mail out of my inbox. My ISP filters out the most obvious spam, so I never even have to download it. McAfee has an anti-spam feature as well that flags a lot of spam and moves it to a spam folder in my email client (I use Microsoft's Outlook out of habit and because I can get Microsoft's software at an (ex) employee discounted rate). Finally, there's anti-spam protection built into my email client as well. I check at my ISP occasionally and find that they flag about 20% of my incoming email as being SPAM. I have yet to see a legitimate non-spam message filtered out by them, but it could happen, so I check from time to time. McAfee's anti-spam feature almost never flags anything as spam – I don't know why, but it's essentially useless. Outlook moves about 40% of the rest of the email I receive into my junk email folder. Every couple of days I go through that and retrieve one or two messages that aren't spam and delete the rest.
Even so, about 10% of the rest of the email I receive is never flagged as spam. I have exception lists set up so that I trust email from specific people – unless they include an attachment, and I trust email from myself (my web site sends me email from time to time when certain events take place). Most of the uncaught spam I get comes from people impersonating me. If I send you email from my primary email address, it will always be digitally signed. If it's not, it's not from me. I don't usually send email from my secondary or tertiary email addresses, so if you're not sure, send me email at my primary address and ask me to re-send the original mail. If the return email contains my digital signature, then I probably sent the first one as well. If it doesn't, it's NOT from me.
Occasionally spam manages to get around all of these safeguards, such as the two messages today. Using Outlook, it's relatively easy to do a little extra checking on your email. Simply select the message in the message list, right click on it, and select "Options…" from the context menu. A dialog will appear something like this…
The important part of this dialog is the scrollable box labeled "Internet headers". One of the first things I looked at was the "Return-Path" header. This tells the email client were to send replies. You'll notice that it's different than the address of the sender. "email@example.com" is not the same as "firstname.lastname@example.com." That's a real good clue that this email is probably NOT from Facebook's customer service. That's reason enough right there for me not to trust it any further. We can check further though, to see where it might have come from in the first place. Often spammers will put a fake return address as well as a fake sending address, so you can't just stop there.
The "Received" headers give you nearly the complete path that the email took to get to your machine. You can see here that my ISP's mail server was mail5a.brinkster.com, and that it got the message from mta2.brinkster.com. What you can't see are the other "Received" headers. To do that you have to scroll down in the box. Brinkster receive this email from a machine known as "datacenter-30-159-92-77.sadecehosting.n
One final clue. There are "X-" headers included in the message. These headers are usually added by the email software that sends the mail in the first place. Spammers know how to fake headers, and this email includes some faked "X-" headers as well, purporting to have done an anti-spam check and similar things. But the original email client also included its own "X-" headers. The original email client was "Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.2180". So the sender was probably running Windows XP, and using an older version of Outlook Express, associated with Internet Explorer version 6.
Most people have no idea that they can examine the Internet headers associated with email to determine whether it can be trusted or not. Since some spammers are pretty good at even faking those, using custom software to do the email sending, you can't even be certain that the Internet headers tell the whole story. You can't be certain that email you receive is actually from the people it purports to be from. Anti-virus software doesn't do much good at detecting viruses it hasn't seen before. There are people out there spreading malware, whether because they're the type of people that just want to see the world burn, or because they want to steal from you. No matter how hard you try to protect yourself, there's someone out there trying just as hard to slip past your defenses.
This is NOT paranoia. Read the news. Examine your own email. But most importantly…
They are trying to get you!
"Just hurry up and forward this to every single person that you know! Hit send right now!"
At least that's what it looks like… according to reason.com. Go ahead and take the quiz yourself.
I suppose I should have expected this when I posted last night. After all, I did check the forecast and it did warn me. The plan for the day was to change the brake fluid, bleed the brakes, take the car once or twice around the block and then wash it inside and out so I could take it on a shake-down cruise tomorrow.
But, it's raining (Ach, tha an t-uisge ann).
I'm not about to change the brake fluid in the rain. Getting water in brake fluid is definitely not a good idea. The stuff is hygroscopic enough as it is – which is one of the reasons it needs changing.
I guess I'll do the work tomorrow morning and take the cruise in the afternoon. It's forecast to be a cloudy day, but not a rainy one. Oh well, what's another day after five years?
Three and a half weeks ago I wrote about cars, the street rod I want to build, the Mustang I'm still trying to get titled, and my Corvette. If you recall, I had just pushed the car out of the garage and washed it. The car had been sitting in the garage for five years, and there was a lot that needed to be done to get it ready to drive again. One of the first things I did was wash the car. Well, after sitting in the driveway for three weeks, I need to wash it again. I also need to clean out the interior again. There are a few minor leaks, and the interior has gotten musty – not to mention the other reasons for cleaning it out. So, tomorrow it's time to get out the upholstery cleaner and clean the carpet, and to dust off the dashboard and wash the interior glass. I'll also need to freshen the air a bit, but I don't think I'll use one of those pine scented cardboard trees.
The exterior needs another wash too. It's time to take the clay bar to the paint and strip off the old wax as well as some of the more stubborn dirt. I need to apply a bit of rubbing compound in a couple of places too and polish away a couple of minor scratches. And then I get to apply the wax.
All of that though is merely cosmetic work. Sitting in the garage for five years has resulted in the need for other work too. For example, the battery was completely discharged. It had been drained to the point where it wouldn't even hold a charge overnight. I replaced that last week.
I changed the oil and the oil filter a couple of days ago. That's trivial work – except that I broke my filter wrench when I tried to remove the old oil filter, so I had to go get another one. One new filter wrench, a new filter, and five quarts of fresh oil later and I was ready to try starting the car. Or so I thought.
Of course the gasoline in the tank was bad. I expected that though. Instead of siphoning it off, I put some additives into it to stabilize it and remove the water. Since the tank was between half full and three quarters full, I put some fresh gasoline in to add some of the more volatile chemicals back in and bought a can of starting fluid (ether). This isn't the best way to start a car after that long, but disposing of eleven gallons of old gasoline isn't exactly straightforward. You can't dump it down the drain, and even if it's lost most of the volatile compounds you still can't just set fire to it either. I have no idea where to recycle it.
Anyway, the car just wouldn't start. Oh the motor would crank over, but it wouldn't run. With the starting fluid the engine would run – but only so long as someone kept spraying it into the carburetor. The fact that the car would run at all was proof to me that the ignition system was working, and with the air cleaner removed so that the starting fluid could be applied it was clear that the engine was getting air. That left just one component of the combustion triangle missing – fuel.
So yesterday I went to look it over again. The fuel hose between the hard line and the pump was old and brittle, and there were obvious cracks in the smaller hose leading to the evaporative emissions canister. There weren't any obvious cracks in the supply line, but it too was hard and unyielding. I couldn't be sure, but I thought I had found the problem.
So tonight I went and bought some fresh fuel hose. I took off the old hose and it was dry as a bone on the inside. There was no fuel in it at all – of course there wasn't any getting to the carburetor, the fuel pump was sucking air. I noticed a lot of cracks in the old supply hose, but none that looked like they went all the way through the rubber. I replaced the hose anyway, since I had a fresh one.
Once the car was off of the jack stands, I fired it up. At first it only ran for a second or two. I wasn't sure it was going to keep running. The second time it fired right up and ran independently. I put the starting fluid away, and waited. It kept running. I put the air cleaner back on and sealed it up, got in and kicked the idle down with the accelerator. The idle dropped to 800 RPM, right where it was supposed to be and it sounded good. I looked, and there are no fuel leaks.
I wish I could say the same about how it smelled and looked. Ugly white clouds and foul smells were emanating from the exhaust pipes. Happily though the white clouds cleared up after only a few minutes of idling. I think that most of that was moisture in the exhaust pipes. The smell is still bad, but I don't think that will change much until I burn through this tank of gas.
I let the car sit there and idle for about twenty minutes, warming up. Then, I checked the transmission and added a bottle of transmission fluid treatment. This stuff basically replaces the additives in the old fluid and re-conditions the seals and bands. I've used it before and it really works.
I still haven't quite got the car ready to drive though. After sitting in the garage for five years, the brake fluid needs replacing. I'll be replacing that and bleeding the brakes tomorrow afternoon. Then I'll drain the old coolant and replace it with new coolant and take the old fluids down to the parts store for recycling. By Saturday it will finally be time for a shakedown cruise. The car is already tagged and insured.
By next Saturday, the car will be ready to see some regular use. After five years it's about time.
Yes, I know the picture is dark. What can I say? It's late. I'll have something better to show once the brakes have been taken care of and she's been around the block.
My wife and I are football fans. More specifically, we're Seattle Seahawk fans. We used to hold season tickets back when the team played in the old concrete hamburger known as the King Dome, and while they played at Husky Stadium, and for the first season in the new stadium. Then we dropped the tickets because they kept getting more expensive and the quality of the play kept getting worse.
It took a long time for us to lose our disenchantment with the team, but we were outraged at the officiating in February of 2005. The Seahawks have given us a bumpy ride, including one of the worst seasons I can remember last year, but we're still fans. We just stick to watching them on television or listening to the games on the radio. We don't even keep track of the schedule anymore until the last minute.
For some reason, we were under the impression that today's game against Chicago was in Chicago and that the game would be played in the morning (Pacific time). So as we set up to watch the game in a bit of a groggy state (hey, it's the weekend, and I sleep in), we were disappointed to learn that the game was actually in the afternoon. Well, only a little disappointed. After all, we are still going to eventually move east to Tennessee, and the Titans are playing the Jets in New York this morning.
At least, that's what we thought. We turned the television to the Titans game and settled down with a cup of coffee and bleary eyes. When enough of that precious liquid had flowed down our throats for my eyes to focus properly confusion set in. For a moment I thought my color perception had somehow been altered. The blue of the Titans' uniforms was pastel. The green of the Jets' uniforms had gone brown.
A closer look revealed that the Houston Oilers were on the field, playing against a team that looked like the Cleveland Browns. The labels on the screen definitely said Tennessee and New York though, and the commentators were talking about players from those teams. When a player made a play, the name on the uniform matched the name given by the announcer, but the uniform was totally off.
What the heck?
In vain, we searched for an explanation, until I came upstairs to check out the game description on the Web. Apparently the NFL is celebrating the 50th season of the American Football League, merged into the NFL as the American Football Conference in 1970. Today's game is one of sixteen AFL "Legacy Games" and the teams are playing as the Houston Oilers and the New York Titans.
Well, it's not so confusing now that I know what's going on, but it was a shock and total chaos for a few minutes in the Nelson household as we tried to figure it out. This is what I get for not paying attention.
I celebrate two (actually three) very important occasions today. OK, one day (actually two) of importance to only a few, and one that should be important to us all.
Today, I turn 50. That's right, I've been wandering about this planet now for half a century. I'm sure there was a time when my parents wondered if I'd even make it half that far. That's probably only important to a few people.
Three days ago, my 18th wedding anniversary passed. Due to a family illness we couldn't actually celebrate it then, because my lovely bride and I were in different states. We hope to rectify that tonight, and then to celebrate. Again, that's probably important only to a few people.
Much more importantly for the rest of the country, today marks the 222nd anniversary of the signing of the United States Constitution. That's right, nearly two and a quarter centuries ago a group of men hammered out what is arguably the best system of government possible for mankind.
Now THAT's something to celebrate, and it should be of importance to at least three hundred and sixty million of us. Sadly, probably less than half of us are even aware of the importance of today's date. And of those, probably only about two thirds even know what's in the Constitution and it's twenty-seven amendments.
That's why I believe the marking of Constitution day on the calendar is an important thing. It's one of the few occasions when public schools take awareness of our history in a positive way. Congress mandates that there be special lessons made available about this important document.
Personally, I hold it to be among my favorites, and I have a recommendation for everybody today. Today, if not at any other time of the year, READ the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, not to mention the other 17 amendments. Even at the dismal reading rate shared by so many of today's public school graduates it should only take a little while. Who knows? If you read it and understand it, it might reshape some of your political thinking.
I know it did for me.
Imagine this scenario… You're out with a group of friends or family sharing a friendly drink, and sharing your opinions about politics and the like. The discussion is animated for a bit and you make a comment regarding a particular statistic. This particular statistic doesn't exactly fit the world view of one of the participants in the conversation. How should you handle it?
Say, for example, that the statistic in question has to do with energy policy. Now we know that there hasn't been a new refinery built in the United States for an awfully long time. It's also well known that we consume a large amount of gasoline in this country, and that we simply don't have the refinery capacity to meet the demand… Oh wait… that doesn't fit the liberal world view… or at least the world view of some liberals. So if you say that we're importing gasoline, not just raw petroleum but actual refined gasoline, you're apparently picking a fight. After all, a good liberal knows that gasoline is explosive, and we wouldn't import explosive products.
Never mind that gasoline is merely very flammable, not explosive. Never mind that the Department of Energy says that we imported 878,000 barrels of gasoline per day during the last week of August this year. We just don't import gasoline because that would be too dangerous. And if you say you do, you'll be shouted down, told you're an idiot that doesn't know what he's talking about and otherwise ridiculed by a drunken liberal. He'll challenge you publicly to find evidence to support your assertions. Never mind that for the week ending August 28, 2009 the U.S. Total production of Gasoline was 9,157,000 barrels and that we imported 878,000 barrels or nearly ten percent of what we produce (yes, I was off in my estimate by a factor of six, the point is we still import refined gasoline because we can't produce enough to meet the demand).
It's probably not a good idea to go look this information up. You don't want to expose your friends for the belligerent ignoramuses they are. After all, facts don't matter… only opinions. It's better to look like a fool yourself and allow them their petty victories.
But it still rankles.