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Newegg.com - A great place to buy computers, computer parts, electronics, software, accessories, and DVDs online. With great prices, fast shipping, and top-rated customer service - once you know, you Newegg.
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Showing Results: Most Recent
This review is from: ADATA XPG SX900 2.5" 256GB SATA III MLC Internal Solid State Drive (SSD) ASX900S3-256GM-C
Pros: -Fast
Cons: -not cheap enough to replace HDD
Other Thoughts: 2nd ADATA SSD, and has yet to prove bad, this one is in my Desktop, other in laptop both work as expected and make a huge difference in boot times, IMO an ssd is always worth itREAD FULL REVIEW
This review is from: Rosewill REGD-TN439L0 Infrared Thermometer
Pros: -can see temperatures
-8:1 (not bad)
-C° and F°
Cons: -not 100% accurate (sometimes you might have to point at something else to be reading what you want to be)(8:1)(10:1 would prob fix that)
Other Thoughts: If you never had one of these before, it is really neat to get one, i used it on my moped to see my engine temps and my shower to see the water temps, and in my PC to find out my new rig is so much better that i didn't really need thisREAD FULL REVIEW
This review is from: Cooler Master MegaFlow 200 - Sleeve Bearing 200mm Blue LED Silent Fan for Computer Cases
Pros: -Quiet
-decent airflow
Cons: -not as much airflow as 2x120mm 100CFM fans
Other Thoughts: found out after having high CFM fans that slower moving air is better (faster moving air sucks in more dust to be trapped in the case)
also slowing moving air might also keep my comp a bit cooler considering that faster moving air has more pressure and heats it up slightly


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Captain's Quarters Resort Blog | Special EventsNext Page
Easter at Captain's Quarters Resort
Easter is fast approaching and Captain's Quarters Resort in Myrtle Beach is ready to keep families entertained during this festive weekend. Paired with fantastic amenities, wonderful Myrtle Beach spring temperatures and great accommodations, why would you choose to spend Easter anywhere else?read more
Captain's Quarters Resort Partnering with the March of Dimes
Captain's Quarters Resort is raising money for the March of Dimes this spring.read more
Valentine's Weekend at Captain's Quarters Resort
There are few things more romantic than the beach during winter. It's secluded, the ocean is just as beautiful and it's perfect for a Valentine's Weekend romantic getaway.read more
Captain's Quarters New Years Eve Events
Looking for a fun and easy way to ring in the New Year in Myrtle Beach? Check out Captain's Quarters' Myrtle Beach New Year's Eve activities! Our NYE celebrations have become a tradition for many. If you have not attended before, you can begin by making it a new tradition for your family!read more
Captain's Quarters Resort Halloween Party
Halloween is always fun at Captain's Quarters Resort and in Myrtle Beach! Our on-site Halloween party combined with fun area events make Captain's Quarters the perfect resort for a Halloween vacation!read more
Thanksgiving at Captain's Quarters Resort
Thanksgiving is a great time to take your family to Myrtle Beach! The crowds are gone and you can take all the stress out of the holiday by enjoying a meal that you don't even have to worry about preparing or cleaning up after.read more
Vacation Myrtle Beach Gives Back: Special Operations Wounded Warriors
We are a business, a family in business and when we started out all those years ago we wanted our focus to always reflect our family and values. We passionately give back to the community that is our home as well as the birthplace of our business.read more
Summer Events at Captain's Quarters Resort
Summer is one of the best times of year to visit Myrtle Beach. Kids are out of school, the weather is great and there are tons of activities taking place at Captain's Quarters Resort for your family to enjoy! Best of all, many of these activities are absolutely free or very inexpensive, helping your family to save money during your vacation.read more
Christmas at Captain's Quarters Resort
If you have decided to spend Christmas in Myrtle Beach, then you have made an excellent choice!read more
2015 Cyber Monday Specials
Cyber Monday is just around the corner. While brick and mortar stores typically get into the Black Friday deals, many websites, including Captain's Quarters Resort in Myrtle Beach, offer huge savings on Cyber Monday.read more

subset: commoncrawl


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Deducting a Loss on the Sale of a Home
Losses on personal residence sales are not deductible unless you have converted the property to a rental.
If you sell your home at a loss, can you deduct the amount from your taxes? Unfortunately, the answer is no. A loss on the sale of a personal residence is considered a nondeductible personal expense. You can only deduct losses on the sale of property used for business or investment purposes.
The only way you can obtain a deduction if you sell your home at a loss is to convert it to a rental property before you sell it. However, your deductible loss will be limited. This is because when you convert property you held for personal use to rental use your tax basis (value for tax purposes) is the lesser of the following values on the date of the conversion:
- the property's fair market value, or
- the property's tax basis.
Your tax basis is basically the property's original cost, plus the cost of any improvements you've made (but not repairs), minus any depreciation deductions taken--for example, if you claimed the home office deduction. Fair market value is the price at which the property would change hands between a buyer and a seller, neither under undue pressure to buy or sell, and both having reasonable knowledge of all the relevant facts. Sales of similar property in the area are helpful in figuring out the fair market value of the property. You may also elect to have the property's value appraised as of the date of its conversion to rental property. Either way, it's very important to have a good estimate of your home's fair market value on the date of the conversion.
Because of this rule, if your personal residence has lost value since you bought it, turning it into a rental home won't allow you to deduct the loss that occurred before the conversion when you eventually sell it. Only the drop in value after the conversion is deductible.
To learn more, see Nolo's section on Tax Deductions and Credits for Homeowners.
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Violence against women by intimate partners remains unacceptably common worldwide. The evidence base for the assumed psychological impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) is derived primarily from studies conducted in high-income countries. A recently published systematic review identified 13 studies linking IPV to incident depression, none of which were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this gap in the literature, we analyzed longitudinal data collected during the course of a 3-y cluster-randomized trial with the aim of estimating the association between IPV and depression symptom severity.
Methods and Findings
We conducted a secondary analysis of population-based, longitudinal data collected from 1,238 pregnant women during a 3-y cluster-randomized trial of a home visiting intervention in Cape Town, South Africa. Surveys were conducted at baseline, 6 mo, 18 mo, and 36 mo (85% retention). The primary explanatory variable of interest was exposure to four types of physical IPV in the past year. Depression symptom severity was measured using the Xhosa version of the ten-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In a pooled cross-sectional multivariable regression model adjusting for potentially confounding time-fixed and time-varying covariates, lagged IPV intensity had a statistically significant association with depression symptom severity (regression coefficient b = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.61–1.47), with estimates from a quantile regression model showing greater adverse impacts at the upper end of the conditional depression distribution. Fitting a fixed effects regression model accounting for all time-invariant confounding (e.g., history of childhood sexual abuse) yielded similar findings (b = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13–1.96). The magnitudes of the coefficients indicated that a one–standard-deviation increase in IPV intensity was associated with a 12.3% relative increase in depression symptom severity over the same time period. The most important limitations of our study include exposure assessment that lacked measurement of sexual violence, which could have caused us to underestimate the severity of exposure; the extended latency period in the lagged analysis, which could have caused us to underestimate the strength of the association; and outcome assessment that was limited to the use of a screening instrument for depression symptom severity.
In this secondary analysis of data from a population-based, 3-y cluster-randomized controlled trial, IPV had a statistically significant association with depression symptom severity. The estimated associations were relatively large in magnitude, consistent with findings from high-income countries, and robust to potential confounding by time-invariant factors. Intensive health sector responses to reduce IPV and improve women's mental health should be explored.
Editors' Summary
Violence against women perpetrated by an intimate partner is a common and widespread problem. Rates of intimate partner violence (IPV, also called domestic violence) vary widely between countries but, globally, nearly a third of women experience IPV at some time in their life. IPV is defined as physical, sexual, or emotional violence that is perpetrated on an individual by a current or former partner or spouse. Physical violence includes slapping, pushing or shoving, hitting with a fist or another object, and threatening or attacking a partner with a weapon; sexual violence means forcing a partner to take part in a sex act when the partner does not give consent; and emotional violence includes threatening a partner by, for example, preventing them seeing their family. The adverse effects of IPV against women include physical injury and sexual and reproductive health problems such as HIV infection and unwanted pregnancies.
Why Was This Study Done?
Studies undertaken in high-income countries have also shown an association between IPV and adverse mental health outcomes among women, such as depression (long-lasting and overwhelming feelings of sadness and hopelessness) and suicidal behavior. However, few if any studies on the association between IPV and depression have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, where the rates of IPV against women are among the highest in the world. In this population-based prospective cohort study, the researchers analyze longitudinal data collected during a cluster-randomized trial that involved more than 1,200 women living in townships near Cape Town, South Africa. The primary aim of this randomized trial was to investigate whether regular visits by "mentor mothers" (women who had successfully raised children in the face of adversity) improved maternal and child health in the 3 y following the child's birth. As part of this trial, the researchers collected data at multiple time points (longitudinal data) on women's experiences of IPV and symptoms of depression. Here, the researchers conduct a secondary analysis of these data to estimate the association between IPV severity and depression symptom severity among women during and following pregnancy.
What Did the Researchers Do and Find?
During the cluster-randomized trial, the researchers asked the women about their exposure to physical IPV during the past year in surveys undertaken at baseline, 6 mo, 18 mo, and 36 mo. Depression symptom severity was also measured in the women at these time points using a version of the ten-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the local language Xhosa; this scale is an instrument that screens for postnatal depression by asking questions about depressive symptoms experienced during the past seven days by women who have recently had a baby, such as how often they have felt sad or miserable. Statistical analyses of these data indicated that, after allowing for other factors that might affect depression symptom severity, IPV intensity had a statistically significant association (an association unlikely to have arisen by chance) with depression symptom severity. That is, an increase in IPV severity among the study participants was associated with an increase in depression symptom severity over the same period. Notably, this association was bidirectional. That is, depression symptom severity also had a statistically significant association with IPV intensity.
What Do These Findings Mean?
These findings show that, among women living in poor neighborhoods in Cape Town who have recently had a baby, IPV severity had a statistically significant association with depression symptom severity. The magnitude of this association was relatively large and consistent with findings from high-income countries. The accuracy of these findings may be limited by certain aspects of this study. For example, because the study participants were not asked about sexual violence, the severity of IPV exposure may be underestimated. Nevertheless, these findings—in particular, the demonstration that the association between IPV and depression is bilateral—have important policy and programmatic implications for women's health in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, because IPV and depression may be intertwined in a vicious cycle, with IPV increasing the risk of future depression and depression increasing the risk of future victimization, multi-component interventions that combine a broad-based package of services (for example, provision of legal aid, transitional housing, and childcare support) with interventions designed to treat depression (for example cognitive-behavioral therapy) may be needed to reduce IPV and improve women's mental health.
Additional Information
This list of resources contains links that can be accessed when viewing the PDF on a device or via the online version of the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001943.
- A PLOS Medicine Research Article by Devries et al. reviews the evidence from high-income countries for an association between IPV and depression
- The World Health Organization provides detailed information on intimate partner violence and on depression (some information in several languages)
- The UK National Health Service Choices website provides information about intimate partner violence, including some personal stories, and detailed information about depression
- The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides information about intimate partner violence and links to further resources
- The US National Domestic Violence Hotline provides confidential help and support to people experiencing IPV; its website includes personal stories of IPV
- The US National Institute of Mental Health provides information on all aspects of depression
- MedlinePlus provides links to other resources about domestic violence and about depression (in English and Spanish)
- More information about the "mentor mother" trial is available
Citation: Tsai AC, Tomlinson M, Comulada WS, Rotheram-Borus MJ (2016) Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Symptom Severity among South African Women during Pregnancy and Postpartum: Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS Med 13(1): e1001943. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001943
Academic Editor: Phillipa J. Hay, Western Sydney University, AUSTRALIA
Received: September 5, 2015; Accepted: December 10, 2015; Published: January 19, 2016
Copyright: © 2016 Tsai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: Study data are available through the Methods Core at the UCLA Center for HIV Identification Prevention and Treatment Services. The Director of the Methods Core is Dr. Li Li, who can be reached at the following email address: firstname.lastname@example.com Outside investigators should prepare a concept note describing their proposed analysis, and a list of specific variables requested. The data will be securely transmitted, and outside investigators must provide an appropriate plan for data safeguarding. Study questionnaires detailing the variables potentially available for analysis can be downloaded at the following link: http://chipts.ucla.edu/projects/philani-pregnant-women-cape-town/
Funding: This study was funded by U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AA017104 and supported by R24AA022919, P30MH058107 (Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services), P30AI028697 (UCLA Center for AIDS Research), and UL1TR000124 (National Center for Advancing Translational Science through the UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute). The authors also acknowledge salary support through K23MH096620 (ACT) and the National Research Foundation of South Africa (MT). MT is a lead investigator with the Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: ACT is a Consulting Editor, and MT an Academic Editor, for PLOS Medicine. ACT is also an Academic Editor for PLOS ONE. The other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; AUDIT-C, three-item consumption subset of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; ICC, intra-class correlation; IPV, intimate partner violence
Violence against women by intimate partners remains unacceptably common worldwide [1–5], particularly in South Africa, where violence against women occurs at rates that are among the highest in the world [6–9]. The cross-sectional association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and adverse mental health-related outcomes among women is well known [10–12]. These studies are consistent with a broader body of literature linking stressful life events with incident major depressive episodes [13–15], as well as literature linking traumatic stressors to post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide [16–18]. Moreover, acts of violence against women perpetuate gender-unequal norms about the acceptability of violence, which itself compromises women's reproductive health and decision-making irrespective of any direct exposure to violence [2,19–22].
In a recently published systematic review, Devries and colleagues [23] identified 13 longitudinal studies linking IPV to incident depression, none of which were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. This is an important gap in the literature because rates of partner and non-partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa are among the highest in the world [4,5]. Methodologically, the importance of conducting longitudinal studies in this field was highlighted by Foa and colleagues [24], whose conceptual model suggests that psychological difficulties may be a risk factor for subsequent victimization. For example, women with poor mental health may selectively partner with men who also have poor mental health (which is a risk factor for perpetration [25]) or have greater difficulty extracting themselves from abusive relationships [26]. Also consistent with this line of inquiry are intervention studies showing that effective depression treatment can reduce the probability of re-victimization [27]. Short of experimental study designs like these, longitudinal studies offer a design superior to cross-sectional studies in their ability to adjust for unobserved confounding and ensure temporal ordering of the exposures and outcomes of interest. Since the publication of the review by Devries and colleagues [23], one recent study showed that sexual violence was associated with depression among HIV-positive women in rural Uganda [28], but interpretation of those findings was limited by the study's small sample size, relatively unique population, and the observation of relatively few exposure events.
To address these gaps in the literature, we analyzed longitudinal data collected during the course of a 3-y cluster-randomized trial conducted in 2009–2014 with more than 1,200 pregnant women living in 24 neighborhoods near Cape Town, South Africa. The primary aim of the randomized trial was to determine whether a community-based home visiting intervention could improve maternal and child health over 3 y post-birth. With repeated measures of both IPV and depression symptom severity, these data offered us the opportunity to estimate the association between IPV and depression while adjusting for both observed and unobserved confounding.
Materials and Methods
Ethics Statement
All interviews were conducted in accordance with ethical and safety recommendations promulgated by the World Health Organization [29]. Namely, research assistants were trained on how to administer surveys for gathering sensitive information and provided assurances of confidentiality. The survey was framed generally as being part of a study of family health and well-being, not a study about violence against women. In consultation with on-site supervisors, research assistants provided referrals to local counseling resources and/or child social services as needed, with standardized protocols in place to refer women to emergency services in the case of acutely elevated risk of harm to self or harm from others. All study procedures were approved by the South General Institutional Review Board of the University of California at Los Angeles and the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Stellenbosch University Faculty of Health Sciences. A four-person Data Safety Monitoring Board populated by local and international experts monitored implementation of the study. The secondary analysis described in this manuscript was based on a de-identified dataset and did not require additional approval or consent.
Study Population
Details of the study design, field training, and primary outcome analyses at 6, 18, and 36 mo have already been published [30–35] (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT00972699). The study was conducted during 2009–2014 in three townships surrounding Cape Town, South Africa. All pregnant women living in 24 neighborhoods (matched on population density, number of bars, distance to health care, and access to public works infrastructure) were identified and recruited into the study, with a 98% participation rate. These matched neighborhoods were randomized in blocks of four to either a home visiting intervention or standard clinic care groups. Standard clinic care was available (within 5 kilometers) to all women living in the study catchment area and generally consisted of tuberculosis and HIV testing, partner HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy, antenatal and postnatal care, well-child clinics, and primary health care [30].
The home visiting intervention was implemented by the Philani Maternal, Child Health, and Nutrition Project, a non-governmental organization that has been operating in the Western Cape of South Africa since 1979 [36] and which has since expanded to the Eastern Cape of South Africa as well as Ethiopia and Swaziland. Philani implements a "mentor mother" program, recruiting women from the community who have successfully raised thriving children despite concentrated adversity and then training these women to serve as paraprofessional community health workers for home visiting among pregnant women and their families [37,38]. For the purposes of the randomized trial, the Philani intervention was standardized and augmented with training in a pragmatic model of problem-solving and cognitive-behavioral techniques to address major community health challenges, including HIV/tuberculosis, malnutrition, and alcohol use [39,40,41]. An independent team of Xhosa-speaking research assistants obtained written informed consent from all study participants and collected survey data through face-to-face interviews conducted at baseline, 6 mo, 18 mo, and 36 mo. Analyses of these data revealed that the "Philani Plus" intervention improved overall maternal and child health across a number of different outcomes, notably those related to HIV-prevention behaviors, breastfeeding, and child growth over 18 mo; and maternal emotional well-being, child language development, and child growth over 36 mo [31–35].
The primary outcome of interest in this secondary analysis was depression symptom severity, which was measured at all time points with the Xhosa version of the ten-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) [42]. Scale items inquire about depressive symptoms within a 7-d recall period, with responses scored on a four-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("all the time"). Among Xhosa-speaking women, the EPDS has been shown to have a coherent internal structure [43], high sensitivity and specificity for detecting major depressive disorder [44–46], and good construct validity [39,47]. In the baseline sample, the EPDS had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89), and, using 500 bootstrap replications to compute the standard error, the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.88–0.90.
The primary explanatory variable of interest in this secondary analysis was experience of IPV, measured with a four-item scale. Following Straus' [48] approach of asking behaviorally specific questions, the IPV scale included items inquiring about the frequency with which a woman's current or previous intimate partner had, during the past 12 mo, slapped or thrown anything at her; pushed or shoved her; hit her with a fist or another object; or threatened or attacked her with a gun, knife, or other weapon. Responses were scored on a four-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 ("never") to 4 ("many"). Together, these four items had acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71–0.80) in the baseline sample. To generate an omnibus measure of the intensity of IPV across all four items, following Kling and colleagues [49] we defined a summary IPV index as the equally weighted average of the four z-scores (i.e., each item was standardized to a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1, and then the summary index was defined as their average value). While the absolute values of the index carry no meaning, higher values denote greater intensity of IPV.
We adjusted our estimates of the association between IPV intensity and depression symptom severity for a number of potentially confounding time-invariant and time-varying covariates. Time-invariant covariates were elicited at the baseline interview and included binary indicators denoting whether the participant had been assigned to the intervention or standard clinic care arm, age at baseline, and whether the participant had completed high school. Household asset wealth was elicited by asking participants a series of 13 questions about household assets and housing characteristics (e.g., whether there is a flush toilet in the home, whether a household member owns a radio, etc.). Then, following the method of Filmer and Pritchett [50], we applied principal components analysis to these variables. The first principal component was retained and used to define the asset wealth index, and participants were sorted into quintiles of relative asset wealth.
Time-varying covariates were elicited at each interview. Time elapsed since the baseline interview was measured in months. We included binary indicators denoting whether the participant was employed (either full- or part-time), whether the father of the child was staying with the participant, HIV serostatus (classified as HIV-positive, HIV-negative, or unknown/refused testing), and whether the participant had been diagnosed with high blood pressure or diabetes. Household monthly income was measured in South African Rand. Alcohol abuse was measured with the three-item consumption subset of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) [51–53].
Statistical Analysis
We did not publish or pre-register a plan for this secondary analysis. The analysis plan is described below, with any deviations noted in S1 Text. Given the repeated-measures design, we sought to estimate the association between IPV intensity and depression symptom severity, adjusted for the time-invariant and time-varying covariates described above. We fitted a linear regression model to the pooled cross-sectional data, specifying the EPDS score as the continuous dependent variable, using cluster-correlated robust estimates of variance [54–56] to correct standard errors for clustering within participants over time. To ensure the correct temporal sequence of the exposure and outcome, IPV measurements were lagged by one time point (an average of 12 mo). The estimated regression coefficients therefore provided information about the association between IPV intensity at one time point and depression symptom severity at the subsequent time point. We sought to determine whether the adverse impacts of IPV were experienced to a greater extent by women at the upper end of the conditional depression distribution. To do this, we fitted quantile regression models [57] to estimate the association between IPV intensity and the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentiles of the conditional depression distribution, using a covariance matrix of the asymptotic distribution of the quantile regression estimator that permits within-participant correlation over time [58].
Although the regression models included adjustment for a number of potentially important confounding variables, it is possible that some important variables were not observed. For example, in the specific setting of this randomized trial, no data on participants' histories of child sexual abuse were obtained. Child sexual abuse could potentially confound our estimates of the association between IPV intensity and depression symptom severity [23]; even in the lagged-covariate models where the exposure precedes the outcome, the confounding influence of child sexual abuse would precede both the exposure and the outcome. Estimates could be similarly biased by omitting other types of childhood adversities, such as paternal incarceration or orphanhood [59,60]. We therefore fitted a fixed effects regression model to the data, using within-participant variation over time to identify the estimated associations [61]. The estimated regression coefficients are interpreted as providing information about the association between changes in IPV intensity and changes in depression symptom severity. A substantial advantage of the fixed effects regression model is that the procedure adjusts for confounding, whether observed or unobserved, that is time-invariant over the period of study (such as history of child abuse). The principal disadvantage of the fixed effects regression model is that, because the fixed effects sweep out all time-invariant confounding, only associations between changes in the outcome and changes in time-varying covariates can be examined. Because time-invariant covariates, by definition, do not change over time, they are eliminated from the model. To determine whether changes in IPV intensity were differentially associated with changes in depression symptom severity at different points in the conditional depression distribution, we used Canay's [62] fixed effects quantile regression model.
Sensitivity Analyses
We conducted a number of ancillary analyses to assess the robustness of our main findings. First, to confirm that our findings were robust to the specification of the IPV variable, we generated dichotomous exposure variables indicating the presence or absence of any exposure to each of the four types of IPV. These four dichotomous exposure variables were included in the multivariable regression models both independently and jointly as lagged covariates. Second, because caseness for (probable) depression is frequently of clinical interest, we defined probable depression as EPDS ≥13 [45,46,63–65]. We fitted logistic regression models as above, instead specifying probable depression as the binary dependent variable. We also report marginal effects [66] so that the logistic regression coefficients can be interpreted as the percentage-point probability difference in the outcome associated with the covariates. Third, to determine the extent to which the association was potentially bidirectional [23,67], we re-fitted the regression model with IPV intensity as the dependent variable and depression symptom severity as a lagged covariate, thereby estimating the association between depression symptom severity at one time point and IPV intensity at the subsequent time point.
Characteristics of the Sample
Summary statistics for the sample are displayed in Table 1. Of 1,238 women initially randomized, there were 117 mother-child dyads in which either the mother or the child died, and these were removed from the study (and, therefore, this analysis) [68]. Of these, 958 (85%) remained at 36-mo follow-up. Women lost to follow-up had a lower median EPDS (7 versus 10; p = 0.87 on the non-parametric equality-of-medians test) and were similar on the four types of IPV exposures (p-values on χ2 tests ranged from 0.16–0.99). Women lost to follow-up had lower household asset wealth (p = 0.06) and were less likely to be employed at baseline (p = 0.051) but were otherwise similar on other covariates (p-values ranged from 0.16–0.97).
For most variables there was a sufficient degree of variation within participants over time. The EPDS had an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.19, and the IPV index had an ICC of 0.32, suggesting that most of the total variance was "within group" (over time) rather than "between group." Intra-class correlation values ranged from 0.12–0.66 for the time-varying covariates, with HIV serostatus (plausibly) featuring the highest intra-class correlation at 0.84.
IPV Intensity and Depression Symptom Severity
At baseline, the prevalence of any IPV varied from 4.4–30.2%, and 39.5% of women screened positive for depression. Kernel density plots suggested that greater frequency of IPV, regardless of type, was associated with greater depression symptom severity (Fig 1). As is apparent in the figure, both the location and shape of the plots suggest the need to investigate changes in the mean and the distribution of the outcome. After multivariable adjustment, IPV intensity had a strong and statistically significant association with depression symptom severity, regardless of the specification. In the pooled cross-sectional analysis, the estimated association between lagged IPV intensity and depression symptom severity was statistically significant (regression coefficient b = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.61–1.47) (Table 2). The quantile regression results, also shown in Table 2, indicate that IPV had an approximately 4- to 5-fold greater impact on depression symptom severity in the upper quintiles of the conditional depression distribution.
The scale includes items inquiring about the frequency with which a women's current or previous intimate partner had, during the past 12 mo, (A) slapped or thrown anything at her; (B) pushed or shoved her; (C) hit her with a fist or another object; or (D) threatened or attacked her with a gun, knife, or other weapon.
In terms of the magnitude of the association, when evaluated at the mean of the covariates, a one-standard deviation increase in IPV intensity was associated with a subsequent 13% relative increase in depressed mood. In multivariable logistic regression, lagged IPV intensity had a statistically significant association with probable depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13–1.40). Evaluated at the mean of the covariates, a one–standard-deviation increase in IPV intensity was associated with a 4.0 percentage-point increase in probable depression (a 4.0/39.5 = 10.1% difference relative to the baseline prevalence). When the omnibus IPV exposure variable was replaced with the four IPV exposures as separate covariates, three of the four variables (having been slapped, shoved, or punched) had statistically significant associations with depression symptom severity (all p < 0.001, with regression coefficients ranging from 1.85–2.66) (S1 Table). When all four IPV exposures were entered jointly into a multivariable regression model, only being shoved was statistically significant (b = 1.66; 95% CI, 0.61–2.72).
In the fixed effects specification adjusting for all time-invariant confounding, the estimated association between IPV and depression symptom severity remained statistically significant (b = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13–1.96) (Table 3). In terms of the interpretation of the estimate, a one-standard deviation increase in the intensity of IPV from one time point to the next was associated with a 1.33 point increase in the EPDS over the same time period. Compared to the baseline mean, this value represents a 1.33/10.8 = 12.3% relative increase; compared to the baseline standard deviation, this value represents 1.33/7 = 0.19 standard deviation units. The fixed effects quantile regression estimates, also shown in Table 3, indicate that increases in IPV intensity were associated with the greatest increases in depression symptom severity at the upper end of the conditional depression distribution.
When the ordering of the exposure and outcome were reversed, lagged depression symptom severity had a statistically significant association with IPV intensity. Each five-point difference in the EPDS score was associated with a 0.9–2.3 percentage point difference in subsequent IPV risk, depending on the specific outcome, with smaller marginal effects observed for more severe forms of IPV (Table 4). The pattern of smaller marginal effects observed for more severe forms of IPV is due to the lower baseline prevalences of the more severe forms of IPV. When expressed as relative odds, each five-point difference in the EPDS score was associated with AORs for the outcome ranging from 1.17–1.18 (being slapped or punched) to 1.29 (being attacked with a weapon). While the magnitudes of the coefficients cannot be directly compared, the magnitudes of the test statistics suggest that the strength of the association between IPV and subsequent depression is stronger than the strength of the association between depression and subsequent IPV.
In this secondary analysis of data from a population-based, 3-y cluster-randomized controlled trial of more than 1,200 women in peri-urban South Africa, we found that both IPV and depression were highly prevalent and that IPV intensity had a statistically significant association with depression symptom severity. The estimated association was relatively large in magnitude: the experience of IPV was associated with a difference in depression symptom severity that was comparable to the treatment effects observed in short-term randomized-controlled trials of psychotherapy interventions for peripartum depression [69,70]. Our findings are consistent with what has been shown in longitudinal studies conducted among women in high-income countries [23,67,71], plausible in light of what is generally known about the adverse psychological impacts of stressful life events and traumatic stressors [13–17], and robust to alternative specifications and potential confounding by time-invariant factors. Taken together, our findings have important policy and programmatic implications for women's health in sub-Saharan Africa.
The association between IPV and poor mental health outcomes is generally accepted in the field [20,72], but most of the evidence is based on data from high-income countries. The evidence base from sub-Saharan Africa has lagged. The study in the literature most similar to ours is a study of 1,045 women in northeastern Brazil who were interviewed one time during pregnancy and one time postpartum [73]. In that study, Ludermir and colleagues [73] showed that IPV during pregnancy was associated with increased incidence of postpartum depression. Since the publication of the systematic review by Devries and colleagues [23], in which they identified no longitudinal studies of IPV and incident depression from sub-Saharan Africa, there has been one new study examining the relationship between sexual violence and mental-health–related outcomes among HIV-positive women in rural Uganda [28]. Several factors limit the generalizability of that study. Estimation was limited to HIV-positive women enrolled in a long-term HIV cohort. Given the myriad ways in which HIV stigma undermines treatment uptake [74–76], it is likely that theirs was a fairly unique population that had overcome substantial barriers to remain engaged in care [77,78]. (In contrast, in our sample, less than two-thirds of the HIV-positive women had re-engaged in HIV care following childbirth [68].) Furthermore, the findings of Tsai and colleagues [28] were based on a relatively small sample size and a relatively small number of exposure events. The analysis described in this manuscript is based on data collected from a large, population-based sample of women recruited from the community, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of their work.
Notably, we found that the association between IPV and depression was bi-directional: not only was IPV associated with greater subsequent depression symptom severity but also depression symptom severity was associated with a greater risk of subsequent IPV. Concerns about victim-blaming have hampered empirical research into understanding how individual characteristics of IPV survivors may be predictive of subsequent revictimization [79]. Our findings are consistent with prior conceptual and empirical work describing the role of psychological difficulties in maintaining abusive relationships [26,80,81]. Our findings are also consistent with longitudinal studies conducted with survivors of IPV showing that symptoms of post-traumatic stress are predictive of subsequent revictimization [82–84]. The data do not permit us to understand the mechanisms linking symptoms of depression to increased victimization risk. It is possible, for example, that depression may influence partner selection, reduce self-efficacy for leaving abusive relationships, or lead to distorted cognitions about risk, or some combination of the above. If IPV and depression are intertwined in a vicious cycle, with IPV increasing the risk of future depression and depression increasing the risk of future revictimization, these mutually reinforcing effects could potentially undermine the effectiveness of single-component interventions. It is possible that combined interventions, such as a broad-based package of services (e.g., case management, crisis services, legal aid, transitional housing, and childcare support) [85] plus cognitive-behavioral therapy [27] may be effective in interrupting the cycle of IPV and depression, but the effectiveness of such a multi-component approach is as of yet unknown.
In addition to bringing longitudinal, population-based data to bear on this issue, our analysis makes several unique contributions to this literature. First, the analysis is based on data from a highly vulnerable population: pregnant women living in one of the poorest communities in South Africa, where both the experience of violence and depression are extremely common. Second, our outcome measure has strong evidence of reliability, criterion-related validity, and construct validity in the local setting [39,43–47]. Third, given the richness of the data, our analysis permitted adjustment for potentially confounding factors (that could influence risks for both IPV and depressed mood) noted by Devries and colleagues [23] to have received less attention in the literature, including alcohol abuse [86,87]. Fourth, the fixed effects design accounts for potential confounding by time-invariant factors (that could also influence risks for both IPV and depression), such as personality structure [88] and childhood adversity [60,89,90]. And finally, our quantile regression and fixed effects quantile regression estimates indicate that the adverse impacts of IPV are greatest for women in the upper end of the conditional depression distribution.
Interpretation of our findings is subject to a number of assumptions and limitations. First, the fixed effects regression model relies on within-participant variation over time to estimate the quantities of interest and therefore could not estimate associations between time-invariant factors (e.g., educational attainment) and depression symptom severity. However, this is a small price to pay for the ability to gain greater traction on estimating the primary association of interest, i.e., between IPV and depression. Second, while Hill's [91] criteria for causation require temporality, the exposure and outcome must be consistent with the known latency period. Most studies in the field have used a latency period of 3–6 mo for observing adverse changes in mental health in response to a stressor [92–94]. In our study, interviews were conducted at baseline, 6 mo, 18 mo, and 36 mo, suggesting an average latency period of 12 mo in the lagged-covariate and fixed-effects specifications. The extended latency period could have caused us to underestimate the strength of the association. However, in many studies in the literature on medical and psychosocial risk factors for depression, extended latency periods are not uncommon and may extend from 12 mo [95] to 2 y or even more [71,96]. Third, exposure assessment in this study was limited to different types of physical violence and, to a lesser extent, emotional violence. The home visiting intervention studied in the parent randomized controlled trial was designed to promote maternal and child health in a broad sense, and violence against women was one of many different aspects of wellness examined [30–35]. To minimize respondent burden, this study did not assess sexual violence or a more comprehensive range of emotional violence. However, these other aspects of IPV tend to co-occur as part of an overall phenotype of controlling behavior [1,67,90,97,98], suggesting a certain degree of collinearity. Therefore, while assessment of these violent behaviors should be incorporated into future studies of IPV (particularly because the adverse impacts of emotional violence on depression may be at least as severe as those resulting from physical and sexual violence [67,73,98,99]), we do not believe that failure to measure these other aspects of IPV would have biased our estimates away from the null. Fourth, outcomes were assessed using a screening instrument rather than structured diagnostic interviews. The EPDS is a reliable, sensitive, and valid instrument for assessing depression symptom severity [44], and its use in studies of partner violence and psychological distress is standard in the field [73]. The limitations of using screening instruments in this context are well known [100]. However, even sub-syndromal symptoms of depression that do not rise to the occasion of a formal diagnosis of major depressive disorder may entail significant psychosocial impairment and should therefore be pertinent to public health interest [101].
These limitations notwithstanding, our findings provide novel, population-based, longitudinal evidence from sub-Saharan Africa corroborating the link between IPV and negative mental health outcomes. The medical and psychological treatment of victimized women can likely be improved by attending to the underlying causes of their symptoms. Universal screening interventions (that seek to identify asymptomatic victimized women) have not proved successful in improving mental-health–or quality-of-life–related outcomes [102–104], but more intensive health sector responses should be explored. For example, screening combined with individually tailored psychosocial intervention has been shown to be effective in reducing health risks among pregnant and postpartum women [105,106]. Because the association between IPV and depression is likely reciprocal, psychosocial interventions may have important collateral impacts on reducing women's susceptibility to violence [27]. Further research elucidating the conditions under which depression increases women's susceptibility to IPV may yield additional targets for intervention. Because IPV is frequently embedded within an overall pattern of controlling behavior ("patriarchal terrorism" [107]) that can give rise to these bi-directional relationships, clinicians may need to modify their treatment plans if IPV is part of the complex network of causal influences on their patients' depression. For women at risk of further victimization, judicious selection of an antidepressant medication without adverse cognitive effects should be considered to minimize the possibility of iatrogenically compromising their ability to respond to or avoid threatening situations or leave abusive relationships [12]. And post-discharge safety plans for women who have attempted suicide will need to involve collaboration with extended social ties (rather than return to family) if partner abuse is suspected as a causative factor. Outside of the health sector, structural interventions [108] that seek to modify the context of gender-unequal norms in which violence against women is overlooked, sustained, or encouraged [20] should also be explored as means of reducing IPV and improving women's mental health [109–111].
Supporting Information
S1 STROBE Checklist. Checklist of items that should be included in reports of observational studies.
S1 Table. Association between lagged exposure to intimate partner violence, by type, and depression symptom severity.
S1 Text. Analysis history.
The authors thank Kate Desmond, Erin Greco, Mary Hartley, Faith Idemundia, Ingrid Le Roux, Karl Le Roux, Nokwanele Mbewu, Mary J. O'Connor, Jacqueline Stewart, Dallas Swendeman, Robert E. Weiss, and Carol M. Worthman for their contributions to study conception, study design, data collection, and implementation, and Aaron W. Scheffler for his contributions to data management and analysis.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MT WSC MJR. Performed the experiments: MT. Analyzed the data: ACT WSC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MT MJR. Wrote the first draft of the manuscript: ACT. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: ACT MT WSC MJR. All authors have read, and confirm that they meet, ICMJE criteria for authorship. Agree with the manuscript's results and conclusions: ACT MT WSC MJR. Enrolled patients: MT.
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- 78. Lankowski AJ, Siedner MJ, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC (2014) Impact of geographic and transportation-related barriers on HIV outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. AIDS Behav 18: 1199–1223. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0729-8. pmid:24563115
- 79. Cattaneo LB, Goodman LA (2005) Risk factors for reabuse in intimate partner violence: a cross-disciplinary critical review. Trauma Violence Abuse 6: 141–175. pmid:15753198
- 80. Rusbult CE, Martz JM (1995) Remaining in an abusive relationship: an investment model analysis of non-voluntary dependence. Pers Soc Psychol B 21: 558–571.
- 81. Strube MJ (1988) The decision to leave an abusive relationship: empirical evidence and theoretical issues. Psychol Bull 104: 236–250. pmid:3054996
- 82. Bell ME, Cattaneo LB, Goodman LA, Dutton MA (2008) Assessing the risk of future psychological abuse: predicting accuracy of battered women's predictions. J Fam Viol 23: 69–80.
- 83. Perez S, Johnson DM (2008) PTSD compromises battered women's future safety. J Interpers Violence 23: 635–651. doi: 10.1177/0886260507313528. pmid:18272729
- 84. Krause ED, Kaltman S, Goodman L, Dutton MA (2006) Role of distinct PTSD symptoms in intimate partner reabuse: a prospective study. J Trauma Stress 19: 507–516. pmid:16929505
- 85. Spangaro J, Zwi AB, Poulos R (2009) The elusive search for definitive evidence on routine screening for intimate partner violence. Trauma Violence Abuse 10: 55–68. doi: 10.1177/1524838008327261. pmid:19056688
- 86. Klostermann KC, Fals-Stewart W (2006) Intimate partner violence and alcohol use: exploring the role of drinking in partner violence and its implications for intervention. Aggress Violent Behav 11: 587–597.
- 87. Fergusson DM, Boden JM, Horwood LJ (2009) Tests of causal links between alcohol abuse or dependence and major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66: 260–266. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.543. pmid:19255375
- 88. Krueger RF, Caspi A, Moffitt TE (2000) Epidemiological personology: the unifying role of personality in population-based research on problem behaviors. J Pers 68: 967–998. pmid:11130741
- 89. Heyman RE, Slep AMS (2002) Do child abuse and interparental violence lead to adulthood family violence? J Marriage Fam 64: 864–870.
- 90. Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Yoshihama M, Gray GE, McIntyre JA, et al. (2004) Prevalence and patterns of gender-based violence and revictimization among women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto, South Africa. Am J Epidemiol 160: 230–239. pmid:15257996
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- 93. Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Frongillo EA, Hunt PW, Muzoora C, Martin JN, et al. (2012) Food insecurity, depression and the modifying role of social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda. Soc Sci Med 74: 2012–2019. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.033. pmid:22513248
- 94. Palar K, Kushel M, Frongillo EA, Riley ED, Grede N, Bangsberg D, et al. (2015) Food insecurity is longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms among homeless and marginally-housed individuals living with HIV. AIDS Behav 19: 1527–1534. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0922-9. pmid:25351185
- 95. Heflin CM, Siefert K, Williams DR (2005) Food insufficiency and women's mental health: findings from a 3-year panel of welfare recipients. Soc Sci Med 61: 1971–1982. pmid:15927331
- 96. Polsky D, Doshi JA, Marcus S, Oslin D, Rothbard A, Thomas N, et al. (2005) Long-term risk for depressive symptoms after a medical diagnosis. Arch Intern Med 165: 1260–1266. pmid:15956005
- 97. Stets JE (1990) Verbal and physical aggression in marriage. J Marriage Fam 52: 501–514.
- 98. Coker AL, Davis KE, Arias I, Desai S, Sanderson M, Brandt HM, et al. (2002) Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women. Am J Prev Med 23: 260–268. pmid:12406480
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Crowell NA, Burgess AW (1996) Understanding violence against women. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
- 100. Kagee A, Tsai AC, Lund C, Tomlinson M (2013) Screening for common mental disorders: reasons for caution and a way forward. Int Health 5: 11–14. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihs004. pmid:23580905
- 101. Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Maser JD, Zeller PJ, Endicott J, Coryell W, et al. (1998) A prospective 12-year study of subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms in unipolar major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 694–700. pmid:9707379
- 102. MacMillan HL, Wathen CN, Jamieson E, Boyle MH, Shannon HS, Ford-Gilboe M, et al. (2009) Screening for intimate partner violence in health care settings: a randomized trial. JAMA 302: 493–501. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1089. pmid:19654384
- 103. Klevens J, Kee R, Trick W, Garcia D, Angulo FR, Jones R, et al. (2012) Effect of screening for partner violence on women's quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 308: 681–689. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.6434. pmid:22893165
- 104. Hegarty K, O'Doherty L, Taft A, Chondros P, Brown S, Valpied J, et al. (2013) Screening and counselling in the primary care setting for women who have experienced intimate partner violence (WEAVE): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet 382: 249–258. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60052-5. pmid:23598181
- 105. El-Mohandes AA, Kiely M, Joseph JG, Subramanian S, Johnson AA, Blake SM, et al. (2008) An intervention to improve postpartum outcomes in African-American mothers: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 112: 611–620. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181834b10. pmid:18757660
- 106. Kiely M, El-Mohandes AA, El-Khorazaty MN, Blake SM, Gantz MG (2010) An integrated intervention to reduce intimate partner violence in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 115: 273–283. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181cbd482. pmid:20093899
- 107. Johnson MP (1995) Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: two forms of violence against women. J Marriage Fam 57: 283–294.
- 108. Tsai AC (2012) A typology of structural approaches to HIV prevention: a commentary on Roberts and Matthews. Soc Sci Med 75: 1562–1567; discussion 1568–1571. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.06.033. pmid:22877933
- 109. Pronyk PM, Hargreaves JR, Kim JC, Morison LA, Phetla G, Watts C, et al. (2006) Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 368: 1973–1983. pmid:17141704
- 110. Aizer A (2010) The gender wage gap and domestic violence. Am Econ Rev 100: 1847–1859. pmid:25110354
- 111. Green EP, Blattman C, Jamison J, Annan J (2015) Women's entrepreneurship and intimate partner violence: A cluster randomized trial of microenterprise assistance and partner participation in post-conflict Uganda. Soc Sci Med 133: 177–188. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.042. pmid:25875324


text: OverviewBack to top Source Naturals - Monthly Comfort - 42 Tablets Item# :69019UPC# :021078007340 Brand:Source Naturals Size/Form:42 Tablets Eighty percent of women experience physiological and emotional changes during the premenstrual period. Up to 40% of these women experience challenges to their well-being. Monthly Comfort is a Bio-Aligned Formula that addresses multiple systems related to premenstrual changes: hormone balance, the liver and detoxification, the brain and nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, and blood sugar regulation.


text:
(Ari)Ladies and gentlemen,a very funny woman.
Ms. Iliza Shlesinger, everybody.Let her hear it.
[cheers and applause]
Because I fly so much,
I have a rule, and that is:
never talk to the person sittingnext to you on an airplane.
This rule instated after
I shared a lovely hour-longflight to San Jose with a woman
who just pretty much spentthe whole time telling me
why Jews are the source ofall the problems in the world.
So I never talk tothe people sitting next to me.
And I was flying homeabout a year ago
and a boy sat next to me.
He was about my age, clean cut.
He started chatting,and he seemed normal.
So, I asked him about himself.
I'm like,"Tell me about yourself."
He's like,"Well, my name is Brian.
I work at a hedge fundand I went to Yale."
I was like, "Okay, nerd alert."
And he was like,"Tell me about yourself."
I was like, "My name's Iliza,I'm a standup comedian,
and I struggle with beingattractive, yet accessible."
So, over the next couple weekswe kind of became friends.
We stayed in touch.We'd hang out a lot.
And I liked him.I liked his personality.
He was a hard worker,
Irish American,hard worker, smart.
And it became clearthat he had a crush on me.
He would always tryto buy me drinks,
always buy things to impress me.
He bought a house at one point.
Not for me, but he bought one.
I never went over,'cause I didn't want to,
you know,see him with his shirt off
'cause I could tell thathis body was unacceptable.
And I think it bothered him thatI didn't have a crush on him.
And I was like,let me explain it to you.
I am a seven without makeup,
and you are a four with money.
Those are the numbers,crunch them as you will.
So, one dayhe called me and he was like,
"We can't hang out today.
My mother has beendiagnosed with cancer."
I stopped dead in my tracksand for some reason,
something in my heart opened up
and all I wanted to dowas take care of him.
This is a manthat had done nothing
but be kind to me,and be sweet to me.
So, I was like,"What do you want to do?
"Can I take you somewhere?Can I take your mom somewhere?
"You want to cry?I'm crying right now.
"That's a weirdchemical imbalance,
but I feel bad for you."
I just wanted tobe there for him.
And over the nextcouple of weeks,
I started tofall in love with him.
And we dated for about a weekand things were great.
And then things got weird.
My mom called me one day.
[hoarse voice, New York accent]"Eliza.
I Googled your boyfriend."
Incidentally, my motheris Selma, from The Simpsons.
"And on his company bio,it doesn't say he went to Yale.
It says University of Ohio."
Fine institution,but it ain't Yale.
So, I called my boyfriend.I was like,
"Why doesn't it say Yale?
"You talk about Yaleall the time.
"You seem pretty proud of it.
Why doesn't it say iton your bio?"
He was like, "Oh, my God.If you saw the way
"things were runat this company, it's a mess.
It's a nightmare.I'm leaving anyway."
And I was like, "Totally.I got it.
[Bleep] the man, yeah,I got it."
People mess up my bioall the time.
Sometimes they don't put winnerof Last Comic Standing.
Sometimes they put winnerof America's Next Top Model.
Do I correct it?No.
I just let audiences bedisappointed
with my lack of facial symmetry.
I was like, "All right, well,I'm gonna make you
"some cupcakes.I'm gonna bring them
"to your house.I haven't seen it yet.
This is gonna be fun."He's like, "Well, bring them
to my office."I was like, "No, I'll bring them
"to your house.Your office is on the,
ugh, West Side."So...
He gives me the address, and asI'm driving toward his house,
I'm noticingit's not in Beverly Hills,
which is where he saidhe bought a house.
It's in Hollywood.And as I pull up,
I notice it's not so mucha house as it is a duplex.
So, thinkingI've made a mistake,
I go up to the windowand I look in.
Looking for context clues.
Looking for some things of his,Yale context clues, right?
Plaid, mallards, pennants,minorities chained to a window,
And none of that was in there.
And before I could leave,a girl opened the door.
And we locked eyes and she goes,
"You're Iliza."
I was like, "Who are you?"She goes, "I'm Mary.
I'm Brian's roommate."
I was like, "Hm."
So I call my boyfriend.
And I was like,"What's up, bro?
What's up with the roommateand non-house?"
He was like, "Um, okay.
"This is weird,but I have a house.
"Um, my mom lives in it whileshe undergoes cancer treatment.
"And I don't bother her becausewe don't really get along
and I want to give herher space."
And I was like,"I totally get that.
But I need to knowwhere you [bleep] live."
So, he comes over and he goes,
"Here's my address.Here's my mom's phone number.
"You have everything.
"I just ask that you respect--
basically a woman's dying wishit to be left alone."
And I was like, "Fine, doubledog dare me not to be crazy.
I'll take that bet.Fine."
So, a couple weeks go by,I let it lie.
I'm on my way to the airportto fly to a gig
and my mother calls me.
"I calledthe Yale registrar's office.
"They have no recordof your Brian
ever having attended Yale."
So my first thought is,
"Maybe they misspelled Brianover there at Yale.
"Maybe they wrote Brain.
Maybe they made a mistakeand he did go there."
So I hang up.I call my boyfriend.
And on my way to calling him,
it's ringingand I decide to take out
that piece of paperthat had his address on it.
The one I was toldto stay away from.
And I drive by that housein Beverly Hills.
And I'm about to get outand knock on the door
or something just to botherhis mom for a second,
and I see a black familycome out with their kids,
load them into the van.
Now, Brian is Irish,but he wasn't black Irish.
So, I call him.
He picks up and I was like, "Youare lying about many things.
"I don't know what they are, but I'm not signing up
for the next round of this.I'm out of here."
And that's whenit all came crashing down.
He said,
"I can't do this anymore.
"I didn't go to Yale.
"And I never bought a house.
"I just said it to impress you.
My mother doesn't have cancer."
Right?You've never been more annoyed
that someonedoesn't have cancer.
So, for the last six or--
For the lastsix or seven months,
I've really wrestled with this.It's a traumatic thing,
and I've really tried tofigure out a spiritual meaning.
Some sort of life lessonI can extrapolate from this
and use in a healthy wayfor the rest of my life.
And after all is said and done,the life lesson I've learned is,
Never talk to the person sittingnext to you on an airplane.
Actually,if we have time for this,
I think I've also taughta life lesson.
And that is, if you're gonnamess with someone
because you're a crazy person,
try not messingwith a standup comedian
who has access toa national television show.
Go [bleep] yourself,Brian [bleep].
Thank you.
[cheers and applause]


text:
Universality and the Liar
An Essay on Truth and the Diagonal Argument
By (author) Keith Simmons
Format: Paperback
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Universality and the Liar by Keith Simmons
Book DescriptionThis book is about one of the most baffling of all paradoxes - the famous Liar paradox. Suppose we say: 'We are lying now'. Then if we are lying, we are telling the truth; and if we are telling the truth we are lying. This paradox is more than an intriguing puzzle, since it involves the concept of truth. Thus any coherent theory of truth must deal with the Liar. Keith Simmons discusses the solutions proposed by medieval philosophers and offers his own solutions and in the process assesses other attempts to solve the paradox. Unlike such attempts, Simmons' 'singularity' solution does not abandon classical semantics and does not appeal to the kind of hierarchical view found in Barwise's and Etchemendy's The Liar. Moreover, Simmons' solution resolves the vexing problem of semantic universality - the problem of whether there are semantic concepts beyond the expressive reach of a natural language such as English.
Buy Universality and the Liar book by Keith Simmons from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780521061391
(228mm x 152mm x 14mm)
Pages: 244
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publish Date: 24-Apr-2008
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author Keith Simmons
Truth, Paperback (September 1999)
This volume is designed to set out some of the central issues in the theory of truth. It begins with writings by William James, Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell, and continues with the classical discussions from the middle of the century (including Wittgenstein, Quine and Austin), ending with a selection of contemporary contributions.
Universality and the Liar, Hardback (July 1993)» View all books by Keith Simmons
This book is about one of the most baffling of all paradoxes - the famous Liar paradox.
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text:
With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
A simple tutorial for turning your scratched and dented laptop into a fun and unique statement! Supplies: Wood-Grain Contact paper (found at most dollar stores), x-acto knife, scissors, ...
Now, unroll your contact paper, and lay your computer on top with the grain going whichever way you want, then cut around it, leaving a large border on ...
After you cafefully remove the backing, lay it gently on top of your laptop, careful to line-up where your logo cut-out is, and smooth the contact paper out. ...
I also decided to do the inside too since it was pretty beat-up looking as well - I used pretty much the same type of process to do ...
All done!
DIY LAPTOP CHARGER REPAIR by AkashM38
DIY laptop stand from a wooden cook book laptop standby biophysics
How to Replace your Laptops Hard Drive!!by HowTo101
Join 2 million + to receive instant DIY inspiration in your inbox.
© 2016 Autodesk, Inc.


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Ships from United States. Most customers receive within 6-10 days.
Sold and Shipped by Drill Spot, LLC
Benchmade 710D2 Mchenry & Williams Folding Knife PlainThe 710D2 features a slight reverse-curve grind for improved cutting efficiencies. Textured G10 covers the handle sides to provide for secure grip, and the double liners have finger treads positioned near the handle front for added control. Comes with movable steel carry-clip. Plain edge/satin finish coating, highly compressed epoxy and woven glass composite handle. Features: AXIS locking mechanism. Plain Edge Black G10 handle scales with 410 stainless steel liners and a reversible steel pocket clip, Lanyard Hole. Specifications: Blade Length: 3.90". Blade Thickness: 0.115". Handle Thickness: 0.480". Blade Material: D2 Tool Steel Blade Hardness: 60-62HRC Blade Style: Modified Clip-Point; Ambidextrous Dual Thumb Studs. Weight: 4.50oz. Contents: 1 Benchmade 710D2 Mchenry & Williams Folding Knife Plain.
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text:
1. In a 5- to 6-quart pan, combine polenta and broth. Stir over high heat until mixture boils, then reduce heat and simmer, stirring often, until polenta is smooth to taste, about 15 minutes.
2. Meanwhile, rinse fish and pat dry; cut into 4 equal pieces. Sprinkle lightly all over with salt and pepper. Lay salmon skin side up in a lightly oiled 10- by 15-inch pan.
3. Broil about 4 inches from heat for 4 minutes. With a wide spatula, turn salmon over and broil until fish is opaque but still moist-looking in center of thickest part (cut to test), 3 to 4 minutes longer.
4. Meanwhile, in a small bowl, mix corn, pimientos, onion, lime juice, and mint.
5. Spoon polenta equally onto plates. Add a piece of salmon to each and garnish with corn relish. Add more salt and pepper to taste.


text:
Italian Subs
|Italian bread loaf
|1⁄2 , unsliced
|Hard salami/Boiled ham
|1⁄2 Pound
|Italian salad dressing
|2 Tablespoon
|Chopped green pepper
|1 Tablespoon
|Provolone cheese slice
|4 (Natural Variety)
Cut bread in half lengthwise.
Layer meat on bottom half of bread; sprinkle with dressing.
Top with green pepper, cheese and top half of bread.
TO HEAT BY TIME Wrap each in paper towel.
Set Power Select at HIGH for 2 to 3 minutes.
TO HEAT BY INSTA-MATIC Wrap in plastic wrap; heat on COOK 8.
Cheese should be melted.
Let stand, unwrapped, 3 minutes before serving.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1604 Calories from Fat 945
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 106 g162.5%
Saturated Fat 38 g190.2%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 282 mg94%
Sodium 5947 mg247.8%
Total Carbohydrates 88 g29.4%
Dietary Fiber 4.3 g17.2%
Sugars 4.1 g
Protein 75 g149.6%
Vitamin A 11.2% Vitamin C 20.1%
Calcium 49.1% Iron 25.8%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
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text:
Wednesday, Jan. 28, 2009 | Opponents of organized labor are vowing to pour more than half a million dollars into a desperate media blitz to reverse a San Diego Unified decision that could restrict how it spends $2.1 billion in coveted construction and renovation work.
It is just one aspect of the political fallout of the heated battle, which has also inspired a call to register lobbyists in San Diego Unified, a flurry of meetings with alarmed builders, and soul searching among opponents on what — if anything — can or should be done now.
The San Diego Unified plan — still to be negotiated — for a "project stabilization agreement" for its new facilities bond is widely expected to benefit unions. Such contracts are commonly known as project labor agreements and usually exchange union-friendly guarantees on wages, training and workplace conditions for the promise not to strike on the job.
Activists who oppose the agreement are convinced that it will force nonunionized workers to pay union fees, and drive up costs by thinning the pool of bidders on projects. They are hoping to either stop it entirely or steer the board to create what they deem a "fair" agreement through public pressure. And if that fails, one group is now threatening to wage warfare on school board members who are backed by the unions, possibly through a recall campaign.


text:
- Intel Z77
- Core i7 / i5 / i3 (LGA1155)
Great motherboard :) 05/11/2013
This review is from: ASRock Z77 Extreme9 LGA 1155 Intel Z77 HDMI SATA 6Gb/s USB 3.0 ATX Intel Motherboard
This is my second motherboard from Asrock, and I have to say I am very impressed with it. Very easy to use UEFI, well thought out placement for all the fan connectors, and one of the few motherboards that I can find that has 2 usb 3.0 plugs. The white LED lights from the heatsinks are a nice touch, you can keep them on past the initial boot if you go in the UEFI and turn off the night light mode, and they will stay on.
The only thing I can think of is that out of the box it will NOT support GTX 660 ti graphic cards. I bought a EVGA gtx 660 ti and put it in and wouldn't boot. Looked on a couple of websites and said that it might require a bios update in order to work. So I did, and now it works.
Other Thoughts:
My next motherboard will probably be another Asrock. My first build I have done was an Asrock and 4 years still running strong it still has no problems with it.
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LifeStride Lioness Pump
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Item # 266626
Take on the espadrille trend in the LifeStride Lioness! This wedge pump will pair with anything from your favorite sun dress to carpis!
- Fabric upper
- Cushioned insole
- ½" platform, 1¾" rope covered heel
- Synthetic sole
- Imported
- View more Lifestride
By: Lotsashoesandlovinit
Location: Libertyville IL
November 10, 2014
Not for me
"Cute, but not comfortable on me. Returned them, but still looking!"
By: Momzworkin
Location: Kansas City, Kansas
August 06, 2014
Perfect Heel Height and Classic Styling
"I love this shoe!! I had been looking all summer for a shoe with some denim color. This is the shoe! I can run around all day in this, and have!"
By: nicenurse
Location: Long Island, NY
May 27, 2014
Great shoe!
"Very comfortable! I am on my feet and run around at work all day. These shoes are very cute, professional and I've gotten lots of compliments on them! I also bought them in Navy. Great purchase!"
By: SuzanneH
Location: Brooklyn Park, MN
May 13, 2014
Happy feet
"I am very pleased with my new pair of shoes. They are navy blue, not the tan as in the picture above. Very cushy and just wide enough to fit without being sloppy. The heel is a bit loose on my right foot. That can be alleviated with a heel pad and is common for me. The transaction with DSW was great; shipped really fast and just as I ordered. Thanks DSW!"
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