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Calorie intake and patient outcomes in severe acute kidney injury: findings from The Randomized Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Level of Replacement Therapy (RENAL) study trial
DOI: 10.1186/cc13767
© Bellomo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
Received: 11 October 2013
Accepted: 24 February 2014
Published: 14 March 2014
Current practice in the delivery of caloric intake (DCI) in patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) is unknown. We aimed to describe calorie administration in patients enrolled in the Randomized Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Level of Replacement Therapy (RENAL) study and to assess the association between DCI and clinical outcomes.
We performed a secondary analysis in 1456 patients from the RENAL trial. We measured the dose and evolution of DCI during treatment and analyzed its association with major clinical outcomes using multivariable logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and time adjusted models.
Overall, mean DCI during treatment in ICU was low at only 10.9 ± 9 Kcal/kg/day for non-survivors and 11 ± 9 Kcal/kg/day for survivors. Among patients with a lower DCI (below the median) 334 of 729 (45.8%) had died at 90-days after randomization compared with 316 of 727 (43.3%) patients with a higher DCI (above the median) (P = 0.34). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, mean DCI carried an odds ratio of 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91-1.00; P = 0.06) per 100 Kcal increase for 90-day mortality. DCI was not associated with significant differences in renal replacement (RRT) free days, mechanical ventilation free days, ICU free days and hospital free days. These findings remained essentially unaltered after time adjusted analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling.
In the RENAL study, mean DCI was low. Within the limits of such low caloric intake, greater DCI was not associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221013
Achieving an adequate daily calorie intake (DCI) is widely considered beneficial in critically ill patients in general and in particular in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) [1]. Guidelines recommend the early administration of enteral nutrition whenever possible to achieve an energy intake of 25 to 35 Kcal/day and consideration of parenteral nutrition when enteral nutrition cannot achieve such calorie intake goals [2–4]. However, despite the above guidelines, there is also concern that the administration of energy at such levels in critically ill patients may not be advantageous [5]. Some investigators have shown that low calorie nutrition alone may be sufficient [6] or even desirable [7].
In severe AKI patients who require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), there are very limited data on current practice or on the association between energy intake and patient-centered outcomes. In this setting, all studies are almost 20 years old, single center in design, small in size and with replacement fluid or dialysate fluids rich in glucose and/or lactate [8–11]. Such practices are not relevant to modern CRRT [12–14]. Finally, the impact of CRRT itself on caloric expenditure remains controversial as it may both lead to decreased energy expenditure through cooling; increased loss of energy as patients seek to maintain body temperature in the presence of an extracorporeal circuit, or nutrient loss across the filter [15, 16].
The Randomized Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Level of Replacement Therapy (RENAL) study [17–20], offers a unique opportunity to explore the association between DCI and outcome because of its size and the availability of detailed DCI data. Accordingly, we conducted a secondary analysis of the RENAL study findings to describe current DCI practice in such patients and study the association between DCI and clinical outcomes.
The RENAL study was a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial of two levels of intensity of CRRT in 1,508 critically ill patients with AKI conducted in 35 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand [17, 21]. The Human Research Ethics Committees of the University of Sydney and all participating institutions approved the study (Additional file 1 provides a list of the institutional review boards that approved the study). Written informed consent was obtained from patients or their person responsible.
The methodological details of the RENAL study were recently reported [17]. In brief, patients were eligible for enrollment if they were critically ill adults who had AKI, were deemed by the treating clinician to require RRT and fulfilled predefined criteria. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) with effluent flow at 40 ml/Kg/hr (higher intensity) or 25 ml/Kg/hr (lower intensity). Study treatment was discontinued on death, discharge from ICU, or recovery of renal function. The primary study end point was death from any cause by day 90.
Daily calorie intake
The study did not prescribe any nutritional intake protocol. Nutritional therapy was left to the discretion of attending clinicians. In all patients, DCI was calculated as the sum of all calories administered each day with the exclusion of protein nitrogen. For each patient a mean was calculated during the study period using the DCI value for each day. For the purpose of the study, calorie intake included: a) all glucose given parenterally as part of either drug infusions in 5% glucose or maintenance fluid containing glucose; b) any parenteral nutrition; c) all lipids administered as part of parenteral nutritional solutions, and d) all carbohydrate or lipid-derived calories administered as enteral nutritional solutions. Propofol intake was taken into account. According to the study protocol, DCI data were obtained until the first occurrence of either death, or ICU discharge or the completion of 28 days from study randomization (study treatment period).
Statistical analysis
Continuous variables were expressed as means with SD for normally distributed variables and as median and IQR for non-normally distributed variables. Comparisons were made using the Student t-test or the Mann-Whitney test where appropriate. We divided patients into two groups according to mean DCI calculated for each patient during the study period, low DCI when the individual mean DCI was lower than the median value for the study population and high DCI when individual mean DCI was greater than the median value. Patients with lower and higher DCI were compared by univariate analysis. We then compared the DCI of survivors and non-survivors for DCI and the progressive change over time in DCI. Mean DCI-related variables (dichotomized and continuous) were then assessed for their independent relationship with survival by multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for co-linearity and with adjustment for the following variables: treatment group, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) III score, APACHE III diagnostic groups, daily use of CRRT, age, time from ICU to randomization, presence of sepsis, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) respiratory score, SOFA coagulation score, SOFA liver score, SOFA cardiovascular score, SOFA renal score, presence of non-renal organ failure, international normalized ratio (INR) for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT), platelet count, serum creatinine, arterial partial pressure of oxygen/inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2) ratio, tension of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2), pH, glucose, albumin, hemoglobin, use of mechanical ventilation, mean daily fluid balance, and clinical diagnosis of significant edema at randomization.
Multivariable linear regression analysis was similarly used to assess the relationship between individual mean DCI and mechanical ventilation-free days; RRT-free days; ICU-free days and hospital-free days at 90 days, as the dependent variables. Unadjusted analysis of time to death within 90 days of randomization used the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates and compared survival curves using the log-rank test. To assess whether post-ICU treatment might have affected our findings, we also estimated the relationship between DCI and mortality censored at 28 days or ICU discharge. To test the robustness of any association between mortality and DCI, additional models were applied to data analysis. Such multivariable models included time-adjusted modeling with a cut off of 96 hrs (to exclude patients who died before full nutrition was achieved) and Cox proportional hazards modeling applying the same adjustments for variables included in the logistic regression model. A two-sided P-value <0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance. Statistical analyses were performed and independently checked with the use of SAS software, version 9.1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics for patient with low (below median) and high (above median) mean daily calorie intake (DCI)
Baseline characteristics
Low DCI, n = 729
High DCI, n = 728
65.4 (14.8)
64.7 (14.9)
Male sex
457 (62.7%)
484/728 (66.5%)
53.0 (30.9)
60.1 (30.7)
Mechanical ventilation
437 (59.9%)
639 (87.8%)
Severe sepsis at baseline
307 (42.1%)
412 (56.6%)
APACHE III score
103.4 (25.8)
101.5 (25.6)
SOFA cardiovascular
2.7 (1.6)
3.0 (1.4)
SOFA respiration (score)
2.5 (1.1)
3.0 (0.7)
SOFA coagulation (score)
0.8 (1.1)
1.1 (1.2)
SOFA liver (score)
0.9 (1.2)
1.0 (1.1)
79.9 (12.8)
81.4 (13.0)
Source of admission
Accident and emergency department
187/686 (27.3%)
161/679 (23.7%)
Hospital floor/ward
215/686 (31.3%)
172/679 (25.3%)
Transfer from another ICU
43/686 (6.3%)
66/679 (9.7%)
Transfer from another hospital
65/686 (9.5%)
89/679 (16.6%)
Operating room/recovery after emergency surgery
91/686 (13.3%)
113/679 (11.5%)
Operating room/recovery after elective surgery
85/686 (12.4%)
78/679 (14.1%)
Non-operative admission diagnosis
245/536 (45.7%)
287/510 (56/3%)
177/536 (33.0%)
52/510 (10.2%)
39/536 (7.3%)
36/510 (7.1%)
10/536 (1.9%)
12/510 (2.4%)
14/536 (2.6%)
11/510 (2.2%)
4/536 (0.7%)
6/511 (1.2%)
43/536 (8.0%)
103/511 (20.2%)
4/536 (0.7%)
1/511 (0.2%)
0/536 (0.0%)
2/511 (0.4%)
Operative admission diagnosis
131/193 (67.9%)
137/218 (62.8%)
3/193 (1.6%)
1/218 (0.5%)
39/193 (20.2%)
57/218 (26.1%)
3/193 (1.6%)
4/218 (1.8%)
3/193 (1.6%)
5/218 (2.3%)
7/193 (3.6%)
2/218 (0.9%)
7/193 (3.6%)
12/218 (5.5%)
Plasma urea (mmol/L)
23.7 (13.8)
23.3 (11.7)
Creatinine at randomization (μmol/L)
369 (231)
300 (142)
7.2 (0.1)
7.3 (0.1)
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
17.1 (5.8)
19.5 (5.6)
Base excess (mEql/L)
−9.7 (6.9)
−6.9 (6.7)
Daily calorie intake (DCI) according to survival status at 90 days after randomization
Baseline characteristics
Non-survivors, n = 654
Survivors, n = 810
Mean DCI during study
Mean calories (SD)
846.7 (681)
883.3 (709)
148.0 839.7 1412
90.0 905.8 1447
Weight-adjusted mean DCI during study
Mean calories/kg (SD)
10.9 (9.0)
11.0 (9.0)
1.7 10.4 17.4
1.1 11.2 17.6
Multivariate logistic regression for 90-day mortality
Variable name
Effect (discrete variable)
Odds ratio
Median daily calorie intake during ICU admission
High versus low
0.55 2.13
Mean daily calorie intake during ICU admission (per 100 Kcal change)
0.91 1.00
Mean fluid balance (input-output) (litre)
1.61 2.53
Patient's age
1.03 1.05
Patient's weight (Kg)
0.98 1.00
Time from ICU admission to randomization (days)
1.00 1.00
SOFA liver (score)
Failure versus normal
1.55 7.38
International normalized ratio
1.03 1.39
Hemoglobin (g/L)
0.98 1.00
Albumin (g/L)
0.96 1.00
PaCO2 (mm/Hg)
1.00 1.03
Multivariable linear regression for secondary outcomes*
Variable name
Standard error
a. Multivariable linear regression for RRT-free days
Mean daily calorie intake during ICU admission
Median daily calorie intake during ICU admission
Positive mean fluid balance
Time from ICU admission to randomization (in days)
SOFA liver (score)
b. Multivariate linear regression of ICU-free days
Mean daily calorie intake during ICU admission
Median daily calorie intake during ICU admission
Positive mean fluid balance
Positive ventilation: no = reference group
Patient's weight (Kg)
Time from ICU admission to randomization (days)
Last creatinine concentration
c. Multivariate linear regression of hospital-free days
Mean daily calorie intake during ICU admission
Median daily calorie intake during ICU admission
Positive mean fluid balance
Patient's weight (Kg)
Last serum urea concentration
Last creatinine concentration
Glucose (mmol/L)
The association of DCI with outcomes was also tested by means of additional time-adjusted modeling (1,183 patients were still alive after 96 hrs) and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Both modeling approaches confirmed the main study findings (see Additional file 2).
Statement of key findings
We used data from a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of the intensity of CRRT in critically ill patients with AKI to describe current calorie administration practice and to assess the association between DCI and clinical outcomes. We found that overall mean DCI was low at approximately 11 Kcal/Kg/day. In addition, we found that patients with a high DCI (above the median) had similar mortality to patients with a low DCI (below the median). Finally, non-survivors had a similar DCI to survivors. When we estimated the independent association between DCI and outcome at day 90, a high DCI was not independently associated with a significant decrease in the OR for 90-day mortality. To further test the robustness of this finding we performed additional time-adjusted analyses and Cox proportional hazards modeling. These analyses found no independent association between DCI and 90-day mortality or other clinical outcomes.
Comparison with previous studies
No other studies have reported current calorie delivery practice in patients with AKI. In general critically ill patients however, a recent multicenter observational study in 167 ICU's found that mean DCI was 14 Kcal/Kg/day [22], a value only slightly above that found in our study. In a recent multicenter trial of intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients [23], mean DCI was approximately 11 Kcal/Kg/day, a value identical to that delivered to our patients. Thus, current calorie administration practice in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) is similar to current ICU practice worldwide. In the multicenter observational study of nutrition in general ICU patients cited above, greater mean DCI appeared associated with improved survival. However, no adjustment was made for the competing risk of death [24]. Such bias can be clearly demonstrated in critically ill patients [23, 25] where mean DCI increases with time. Thus, patients who die early inevitably receive fewer calories. This pattern creates an artificially inflated chance of an apparent association between greater mean DCI and survival.
Authors [26] and guidelines [3, 4, 27] continue to recommend a DCI of at least 25 to 35 Kcal/Kg/day in AKI patients, yet, the evidence supporting such recommendations is weak and based on small to very small single-center studies with physiological outcomes only. Moreover, although such recommendations appear reasonable from a physiological and energy expenditure grounds [28–30], no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist to compare, for example 10 Kcal/Kg/day (current practice) to 30 Kcal/Kg/day (recommended practice) of energy intake in AKI patients. In support of the need for RCTs, recent investigations have found that permissive underfeeding, trophic feeding or delayed parenteral feeding may be equivalent or perhaps even superior to currently recommended approaches [5–7, 25].
Significance of study findings
These findings from the RENAL study provide the first data on current nutritional practice in patients with severe AKI. They also provide novel information on the relationship between mean DCI and outcome. Such information was collected as part of large multicenter study with independent data verification and negligible missing data. They also provide such information in the setting of essentially exclusive CRRT use. This difference is important because intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) has been shown to limit the ability to control volume status and uremia in critically ill patients with AKI [29, 31], thereby potentially impeding full nutritional intake. On the other hand, with CRRT, volume control and full nutritional therapy are free of the limitations imposed by IHD. Thus, given that fluid accumulation is not a problem, mean DCI in this setting can be logically taken to reflect therapeutic choices rather than technical limitations.
Our study demonstrates that mean DCI was well below guideline-based targets in patients receiving CRRT. By assessing, for the first time, its relationship with patient outcomes in the setting of prospective and detailed data collection within a large cohort of patients treated with CRRT, our study also provides evidence that within the range of mean DCI provided in this study, there was no robust independent association between greater mean DCI and favorable outcome, including 90-day mortality and other patient-centered outcomes such as mechanical ventilation, ICU- and hospital-free days. In fact, after early deaths were excluded, patients with a DCI above the median were more likely to die. This surprising finding is possibly due to the confounding effect of time (DCI increases with time and patients who are still in ICU as time goes by have failed to improve and are thus more likely to die) but, nonetheless, highlights the lack of a robust and unchanging relationship with DCI which, if present, may be expected to overcome the effect of confounding.
Our findings may provoke further debate on whether caloric intake is an important determinant of outcome; whether caloric targets as set by current guidelines are justified and whether more restrictive approaches may be acceptable or even desirable. The mechanism responsible for the failure of enhanced nutritional intake to change patient outcome may be complex and may depend on both anabolic resistance [32] and in AKI patients, on the unique changes in protein metabolism seen with this condition [33]. Recent data from randomized controlled trials of nutrition in critically ill patients [5–7, 25] also suggest that a more conservative approach to caloric delivery may, at the very least, be safe. Given that severe AKI is relatively common in critically ill patients and given such therapeutic uncertainty, RCTs are urgently needed.
Study strengths and limitations
This study reports observational findings from a large multicenter randomized controlled study of CRRT for AKI. The data were prospectively collected with specific attention to mean DCI and independently monitored for accuracy, and were free of selection bias. As such, they provide the most comprehensive description of mean DCI during CRRT and of its association with outcome to date. All patients had detailed, prospectively collected outcome data with primary outcome at 90 days. This approach avoided informative censoring of competing events and 90-day mortality is free from ascertainment bias unlike other more subjective primary endpoints (for example, infections) sometimes used in the literature. In addition, all patients had prospectively collected demographic, illness severity and biochemical data at baseline that could be used in multivariable models to adjust for the effect of confounders. The statistical analysis was extensive and involved assessment of the time-bias, a factor that can easily confound the association between nutritional intake and outcome.
On the other hand, the range of DCI was small, thus, despite being the largest study to date, we may have insufficient power to detect an independent association due to the limited number of patients with a DCI >25 Kcal/Kg/day. We could not account for unrecorded variables (such as gastrointestinal dysfunction) that may have affected DCI. We do not have information to explain why caloric intake was low and why it took an average of approximately 4 days for nutrition to reach a plateau. Moreover, data were only available from the time of randomization and did not provide information on mean DCI prior to treatment or after 28 days or ICU discharge. However, the fact that in the RENAL trial the time between ICU admission and randomization was <2 days and the mean duration of study time was approximately 13 days all suggest that the pre-randomization period was unlikely to materially affect the study findings. In addition, the sensitivity analysis showing that the 28-day outcome assessment leads to the same findings as the 90-day outcome assessment provides evidence that interventions after day 28 or ICU discharge are unlikely to have influenced our observations. We did not collect information on the daily dose of propofol infusion. Thus, we cannot quantify its caloric contribution. We do not have information on insulin intake and glucose control. However, glucose management in ANZ has remained steady over the last decade with a mean glucose value of approximately 8 mmol/L [34]. We do not have information on the caloric input derived from normal oral intake. However, such intake was uncommon in these critically ill patients while in ICU and is difficult to quantify. We consider that its overall contribution was negligible. Finally, we do not report on the calories delivered to patients by means of CRRT because its estimate is problematic. All CRRT was performed in all patients with bicarbonate fluids containing 1 g of glucose per liter (5.55 mmol/L) thus potentially delivering 200 to 300 Kcal/day. However, half of the fluid was administered as dialysate, where glucose movement into the patient's blood stream would be dependent on the glucose gradient and dynamically influenced by the patient's glucose level. Thus, in hyperglycemic patients, CRRT may have resulted in glucose and caloric loss in hyperglycemic patients and in caloric gain in normoglycemic patients. Such losses and gains would have varied over time according to glycemia, filter function, down time and CRRT intensity making correct estimates essentially impossible.
In the RENAL study, overall mean DCI was low. However, patients with a lower mean DCI had similar mortality than those with a higher DCI and non-survivors had a similar mean DCI to survivors. After correction for multiple confounding variables and the application of different statistical modeling techniques, a lower mean DCI was not robustly independently associated with increased risk of death at 90 days, or with other major clinical outcomes. Higher-level evidence is needed to better define the optimal DCI target in this important subgroup of patients.
Key messages
In the largest multicenter study of AKI treatment with CRRT to date, the average mean DCI was low at 11 KCal/Kg/day
In severe AKI patients stable calorie intake was only achieved at 4 to 5 days after randomization
Patients with a low or high mean DCI had similar mortality rates
Mean DCI was similar among survivors and non-survivors
After adjustment for multiple confounders, increased daily DCI during study treatment was not independently associated with decreased mortality, decreased RRT-free days ICU-free days or hospital-free days
Authors' information
The RENAL Study Investigators
Australian Capital Territory:
Canberra Hospital: Imogen Mitchell, Rebecca Ashley, Jelena Gissane, Katya Malchukova and Jamie Ranse
New South Wales:
Blacktown Hospital: Asif Raza, Kiran Nand and Treena Sara
Concord Hospital: David Millis, Jeff Tan and Helen Wong
John Hunter Hospital: Peter Harrigan, Elise Crowfoot and Miranda Hardie
Liverpool Hospital: Deepak Bhonagiri and Sharon Micallef
Mater Calvary Hospital, Newcastle: Jorge Brieva and Melissa Lintott
Nepean Hospital: Louise Cole, Rebecca Gresham, Maria Nikas and Leonie Weisbrodt
Prince of Wales Hospital: Yahya Shehabi, Frances Bass, Michelle Campbell and Victoria Stockdale
Royal North Shore Hospital: Simon Finfer, Susan Ankers, Anne O'Connor and Julie Potter
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital: Richard Totaro and Dorrilyn Rajbhandari
St George Hospital: John Myburgh, Vanessa Dhiacou, Alina Jovanovska and Francesca Munster
St Vincent's Hospital: Priya Nair, Jeff Breeding and Claire Burns
Westmead Hospital: Ashoke Banerjee, Maridy Morrison, Caroline Pfeffercorn and Anne Ritchie
New Zealand:
Auckland City Hospital/CVICU: Shay McGuinness, Heidi Buhr, Michelle Eccleston and Rachael Parke
Auckland City Hospital/DCCM: Colin McArthur, Jeanette Bell and Lynette Newby
Christchurch Hospital: Seton Henderson and Jan Mehrtens
Whangarei Hospital: Michael Kalkoff and Cathy West
Mater Adult and Mater Private Hospital: John Morgan, Lorraine Rudder and Joanne Sutton
Nambour General Hospital: Peter Garrett, Nicole Groves, Shona McDonald, and Jennifer Palmer
Princess Alexandra Hospital: Chris Joyce, Meg Harwood, Jean Helyar and Benjamin Mackie
Royal Brisbane Hospital: Jeff Lipman, Robert Boots, Claire Bertenshaw, Renae Deans, Cheryl Fourie and Melissa Lassig-Smith
South Australia:
Royal Adelaide Hospital: Arthas Flabouris, Jason Edwards, Stephanie O'Connor, and Justine Rivett
Royal Hobart Hospital: Andrew Turner, Tanya Field and Kathryn Marsden
Austin Hospital: Rinaldo Bellomo, Claire Mathlin, Donna Goldsmith, Inga Mercer and Kim O'Sullivan
Bendigo Hospital: John Edington, Catherine Boschert and Julie Smith
Epworth Hospital: Benno Ihle, Michael Graan and Samuel Ho
Frankston Hospital: John Botha, Nina Fowler, Jodi McInness and Naomi Pratt
Geelong Hospital: Neil Orford, Tania Elderkin, Melissa Fraser and Anne Kinmonth
Monash Medical Centre: Christopher Wright, Sue Burton, Carly Culhane, Pauline Galt and Rebecca Rutzou
Royal Melbourne: Megan Roberston, Deborah Barge, Tania Caf, Belinda Howe and Patzy Low
St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne: Antony Tobin, Nicole Groves, Jennifer Holmes and Roger Smith
The Alfred Hospital: Carlos Scheinkestel, Andrew Davies, Lynne Murray, Rachael Nevill, Shirley Vallance, Sue Varley and Vickie White
Western Hospital: Craig French, Lorraine Little and Heike Raunow
Western Australia:
Fremantle Hospital: David Blythe and Anna Palermo
Royal Perth Hospital: Geoff Dobb, Melanie Boardman, Jenny Chamberlain, Andree Gould, Geraldine McEntaggart, Samantha Perryman and Linda Thomas
acute kidney injury
Australia and New Zealand
acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
activated partial thromboplastin time
continuous renal replacement therapy
continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration
daily calorie intake
- FiO2:
inspired oxygen fraction
intermittent hemodialysis
international normalized ratio
odds ratio
- PaCO2:
tension of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
- PaO2:
arterial partial pressure of oxygen
randomized controlled trial
Randomized evaluation of normal vs. augmented level of replacement therapy study
renal replacement therapy
sequential organ failure assessment.
Writing Committee (in alphabetical order): Rinaldo Bellomo (Chair), Alan Cass, Louise Cole, Simon Finfer, Martin Gallagher, Serigne N Lo, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuinness, John Myburgh, Robyn Norton, Carlos Scheinkestel and Steve Su. Management Committee: (in alphabetical order): Rinaldo Bellomo (Chair), David Ali, Alan Cass, Louise Cole, Simon Finfer, Martin Gallagher, Donna Goldsmith, Joanne Lee, Shay McGuinness, John Myburgh, Robyn Norton, and Carlos Scheinkestel. Steering Committee: Rinaldo Bellomo (Chair), Ashoke Banerjee Deepak Bhonagiri, David Blythe, John Botha, John Cade, Louise Cole, Geoff Dobb, John Eddington, Simon Finfer, Arthas Flabouris, Craig French, Peter Garrett, Seton Henderson, Benno Ihle, Chris Joyce, Michael Kalkoff, Jeff Lipman, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuinness, David Milliss, Imogen Mitchell, John Morgan, John Myburgh, Priya Nair, Neil Orford, Asif Raza, Carlos Scheinkestel, Yahya Shehabi, Antony Tobin, Richard Totaro, Andrew Turner and Christopher Wright. Project Management Team (in alphabetical order): David Ali, Joanne Lee, Lorraine Little, Alana Morrison, Giovanna Regaglia and Ravi Shukla.
Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (in alphabetical order): Colin Baigent (Chair), Jonathan Emberson, David Wheeler and Duncan Young. Statistics Committee (in alphabetical order): Laurent Billot, Severine Bompoint, Stephane Heritier, Serigne N Lo, Avinesh Pillai, Steve Su. Data management and IT/Programming (in alphabetical order): Sameer Pandey, Suzanne Ryan, Manuela Schmidt, Gemma Starzec and Bala Vijayan.
This study was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (Grant No 352550) and Health Research Council (HRC) of New Zealand (Grant No 06–357). Professor Alan Cass was supported by a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship. We thank Gambro for providing discounted pricing for Haemosol™ dialysate and replacement fluids and the nurses in our intensive care units, our physician colleagues, and our patients and their families for the support of this trial. The founding bodies had no involvement in the design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The Randomized Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Level of Replacement Therapy (RENAL) study is a collaboration of the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group and the George Institute for International Health.
Authors' Affiliations
- Brown RO, Compher C, The American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors: ASPEN Clinical Guidelines: Nutrition support in adult acute and chronic renal failure. JPEN 2010, 34: 366-377. 10.1177/0148607110374577View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Gervasio JM, Garmon WP, Holowathyi MR: Nutrition support in acute kidney injury. Nutr Clin Pract 2011, 26: 374-381. 10.1177/0884533611414029View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Maursetter L, Knight CE, Mennig J, Hofmann RM: Review of the mechanism and nutrition recommendations for patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Nutr Clin Pract 2011, 26: 382-390. 10.1177/0884533611413899View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- McClave SA, Martindale RG, Vanek VW, McCarthy M, Roberts P, Taylor B, Ochoa JB, Napolitano L, Cresci G, A.S.P.E.N. Board of Directors; American College of Critical Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine: Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). JPEN 2009, 33: 277-316. 10.1177/0148607109335234View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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- Matamis D, Tsagourias M, Koletsos K, Riggos D, Mavromatidis K, Sombolos K, Bursztein S: Influence of continuous haemofiltration-related hypothermia on haemodynamic variables and gas exchange in septic patients. Intensive Care Med 1994, 20: 431-436. 10.1007/BF01710654View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Finfer S, Liu B, Chittock DR, Norton R, Myburgh JA, McArthur C, Mitchell I, Foster D, Dhingra V, Henderson WR, Ronco JJ, Bellomo R, Cook D, McDonald E, Dodek P, Hébert PC, Heyland DK, Robinson BG, NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators: Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. New Engl J Med 2009, 360: 1283-1297.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Schetz M, Casear MP, Van den Berghe G: Does artificial nutrition improve outcome of critical illness? Crit Care 2013, 17: 302.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Fiaccadori E, Parenti E, Maggiore U: Nutritional support in acute kidney injury. J Nephrol 2008, 21: 645-656.PubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Schneeweiss B, Graninger W, Stockenhuber F, Druml W, Ferenci P, Eichinger S, Grimm G, Laggner AN, Lenz K: Energy metabolism in acute and chronic renal failure. Am J Clin Nutr 1990, 52: 596-601.PubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Frankenfield D: Energy expenditure and protein requirements after traumatic injury. Nutr Clin Pract 2006, 21: 430-437. 10.1177/0115426506021005430View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Collecting docker logs and stats with Splunk
I'm working at Splunk, but this is my personal thoughts. I have some knowledge about Splunk obviously, but you should not consider this as an official Splunk manual. Everything I did here – I did only for my personal needs and my free time.
You cannot really feel safe for the services you run if you don't monitor them. There are plenty of great tools which allow you to monitor your docker environments, like cadvisor and some other cloud solutions. I did not want to use cloud solutions, because they can also upload some sensitive information, like environment variables, where I could keep passwords for AWS backups. So I wanted to use something like cadvisor, but with historical information and also attached logs for the containers. I could not find anything which just works out of box, so I decided to start working on my own solution, which is built on top of Splunk Light.
Splunk Light is free if you need to index less than 500Mb, which will be more than enough for home use.
Settings up Splunk Light
First of all we need to setup Splunk Light. I have build my own Splunk docker image (on GitHub). You can use it to setup your Splunk Light container, this is my docker-compose.yml example
image: busybox
- /opt/splunk/etc
- /opt/splunk/var
hostname: splunk
image: outcoldman/splunk:6.2-light
- vsplunk
- 8000:8000
- 9997:9997
restart: always
I have two containers here, I usually use Data Volume Containers to persist data. So first container is a Data Volume Container, second container is a Splunk Light. For Splunk Light I opened two ports:
- 8000 for web access.
- 9997 for data from forwarders.
To enable receiving data on this Splunk Light, just go to the Settings (it is on right top corner), Data, Receiving, after that click on New and add port 9997.
Settings up Splunk Forwarder to collect syslog data
The next set of containers which we want to setup is a Splunk Forwarder which will forward logs from syslog to Splunk. We can actually directly collect them from first Splunk container, but I prefer to separate them.
My docker-compose.yml file for Splunk Forwarder (again using my Splunk image)
image: busybox
- /opt/splunk/etc
- /opt/splunk/var
image: outcoldman/splunk:6.2-forwarder
- vforwarder
- 514:1514/udp
restart: always
This image will use internal 1514 port for listening UDP traffic (syslog) instead of 514, because I run Splunk processes not under root and only root can get access to ports under 1024. But I still want to keep port 514 on host, because some applications does not allow you to change receiving port (like DD-WRT router).
Remember port 9997 which we just specified above? This image automatically will forward all logs to this port (just don't forget to replace YOUR_DOCKER_HOSTNAME).
Now we need to enable listening on port 1514
docker exec -it splunk_forwarder_1 entrypoint.sh splunk add udp 1514 -sourcetype syslog
Forwarding logs from docker containers to Splunk
I usually keep default docker logging driver and only forward logs for specific containers, as I'm not interesting in all of them.
Example of my nginx proxy container is
image: nginx
- 80:80
- 443:443
- vdata
restart: always
log_driver: syslog
syslog-tag: nginxproxy_nginx
syslog-address: udp://MY_DOCKER_HOST
On previous chapter we mapped port 1514 to default syslog port on my docker host machine, so for this container we just need to forward logs to the syslog on current host and it will go to the Splunk Forwarder.
As you can see I also use syslog-tag which allows me to identify the right logs in syslog. The format of these logs will be something like
Aug 23 23:44:36 172.17.42.1 2015-08-23T16:44:36-07:00 docker_host_name docker/nginxproxy_nginx[2156]: LOG LINE
After that it will be easy to parse logs.
Forwarding logs from applications to Splunk
If application in your container does not write logs to the stdout and keep them in files you still can use Splunk Forwarder to monitor these files.
I will show you how to do that on GitLab example. It keeps all logs under /var/log/gitlab. So what we should do is to share these data in Data Volume Container between GitLab and Splunk forwarder images.
image: busybox
- /var/log/gitlab
After that we just need to add Splunk Forwarder
image: busybox
- /opt/splunk/etc
- /opt/splunk/var
hostname: gitlab
image: outcoldman/splunk:6.2-forwarder
- vlogs
- vforwarder
restart: always
And the last step, just tell Splunk Forwarder to monitor /var/log/gitlab/ by
docker exec -it YOUR_CONTAINER_NAME entrypoint.sh splunk add monitor "/var/log/gitlab/"
That is it. You should see your logs on the indexer after that.
NOTE: I'm thinking about automating step of automatically monitoring specified with environment variable folders/files. Probably will do that soon.
Forwarding docker stats and events
Another docker container I built is a Splunk Forwarder with preconfigured inputs, which monitors for the Docker stats, like top, inspect, stats and events. You can find this container on Docker Registry outcoldman/docker-stats-splunk-forwarder/ (or GitHub. It is very simple to set it up
hostname: docker
image: outcoldman/docker-stats-splunk-forwarder
- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
restart: always
After that you will see all events in Splunk Indexer.
Some useful dashboards based on Docker stats
I'm still working on preconfigured Splunk Light image with all dashboards, or maybe Docker applications, but for now I can just share few Searches I use for my Dashboards.
These two screenshots of overall Docker information:
- CPU% (800% because of 8 cores)
- Memory Usage (one line is the maximum limit, another is how much is used right now)
- CPU usage per container
- Memory Usage per container (% of limit)
- Network Input per container
- Network Output per container
- Last Events (excluding top as I query it regularly)
- Top processes from all container
Also I worked on Dashboard for containers, select container and you will see
- Top processes
- Last events
To try them out you can use outcoldman/docker-stats-splunk which is Splunk Light image with predefined Dashboards.
Hi am new to splunk configuration apart from enabling the receiver is there anything you need to do for the splunk to accept forwareded inputs
my forwarder is fine I have checked the status by this command
mwass-MacBook-Pro:sms_platform francis$ docker exec -it smsplatform_forwarder_1 entrypoint.sh splunk list forward-server
Active forwards:
but somehow I can't see my logs in splunk light
yep. I have enabled. Do you have like a sample app that is already running you give me the repo a try.
Hi there,
I'm having an interesting time whereby the stats splunk forwarder is not forwarding stats to splunk-light. After much head scratching, I found that the stats splunk forwarder is not able to read the docker statistics because it does not have rights to connect to /var/run/docker.sock.
If I log in (docker exec -ti sh) and then view the logs (cat /opt/splunk/var/log/splunk/splunkd.log) I do indeed see the error:
10-09-2015 14:37:02.075 +0000 ERROR ExecProcessor – message from "/opt/splunk/etc/apps/docker/bin/docker_stats.sh" Get http:///var/run/docker.sock/v1.20/containers/json: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: permission denied.
If I run the command manually (as root) then it works a treat, but if I run as splunk, then it fails as above.
Therefore if I run (whilst logged in to the stats forwarding container)
chown root.root /opt/splunk/etc/apps/docker/bin/docker
chmod 4755 /opt/splunk/etc/apps/docker/bin/docker
then all the stats appear and it works perfectly.
Hope this helps!
I have coped the docker-compose exactly, but whenever I try the step "Settings -> Data -> Receiving -> Add New" the web UI throws the error "Your entry was not saved. The following error was reported: SyntaxError: Unexpected token <." I've even tried this with the new docker images 6.2.7-light and 6.3.1-light all with the same issue. Is there something I am missing?
Hi I am interested in the forward logs from app to splunk. But I couldn't find the image outcoldman/splunk:6.2-forwarder in docker hub.
Could you please help provide the image url? Thank you so much!
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Beyond Wireless Technology
Cold Storage, Refrigerated Transport, Temperature Monitoring
The new Ice3 (Intelligent Cold-chain Equipment) unit has just been released. The unit has:
- Internal temperature probe.
- Internal RH probe
- 4 x external temperature probes
- 4 x digital inputs (door, mains power etc).
- Battery operated (3 - 6 year life expectancy)
- Buzzer
- Alarm LED and indicator
- GSM communication
- Various mounting options
The unit communicates with the Coldcloud portal and enables users to remotely log in and view data and historical alarms, as well as set up alarm thresholds and recipients. The Ice3 monitors for alarm conditions and sends alerts immediately via e-mail and / or SMS.
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Beyond Wireless releases Ice3 remote temperature monitoring and alarming unit.
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Spa Road, Melksham, Wiltshire, SN12
Retaining it's beautiful original features, this impressive four bedroom detached victorian property boasts character and charm in abundance, comprising an entrance hall, kitchen/breakfast…
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text:
Around How many poems do you need to know well to be able to answer this question?
at least three, but they have to be of different themes, so one could be about war, and another could be about love, and the last one could be about nature, or whatever you feel comfortable with.
I'm learning between 5/6 poems. One for each theme like : death, childhood , relationships , love and war
Hope this helps :)
Good luck


text:
This Just In ...
Kevin Fischer is a veteran broadcaster, the recipient of over 150 major journalism awards from the Milwaukee Press Club, the Wisconsin Associated Press, the Northwest Broadcast News Association, the Wisconsin Bar Association, and others. He has been seen and heard on Milwaukee TV and radio stations for over three decades. A longtime aide to state Senate Republicans in the Wisconsin Legislature, Kevin can be seen offering his views on the news on the public affairs program, "InterCHANGE," on Milwaukee Public Television Channel 10, and heard filling in on Newstalk 1130 WISN. He lives with his wife, Jennifer, and their lovely young daughter, Kyla Audrey, in Franklin.
Texas is poised to defeat St. Louis tonight in Game 6 of the World Series
It's called justice.
The Cardinals beat
Eventually, it catches up with you.
UPDATE: Ooooops. What an incredible Game 6.
This site uses Facebook comments to make it easier for you to contribute. If you see a comment you would like to flag for spam or abuse, click the "x" in the upper right of it. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use.


text:
Join FREE | Login
+ Celebrations
+ How-To
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Cornbread Pudding
Classic Baked Corn Pudding
Corn Dog Casserole
Chicken Parmesan Casserole
Shrimp Enchiladas with Sweet Corn Sauce
Scalloped Fish Stick Casserole
Looking for a flavorful side dish using corn? Then try this corn pudding that's baked to perfection.
Pureeing half of the corn in the food processor creates a creamier texture and fresh-off-the-cob flavor.
© 2016 ®/TM General Mills All Rights Reserved


text:
- Anonymous
- Brazil, Male, 18-24
- Novice Nomad
- 6 reviews
I wouldnt definitely not recommend this accommodation due to: 1 promises free laundry for bookings of 3 nights on ita description. I had paid 60 pesos for it even though i booked 3 nights; 2 i had to leaved the hostel one night in advance with the excuse i was the only costumer and that i was so costly to them - they new in advance how many costumers they would have and their costs. 3 i was given back 135 pesos and not 160 (one night) and they said they were discounting HW fee. Worst hostel ever
Hostelworld Mobile Apps
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text:
Cranberry Nut Bread
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|1 Cup (16 tbs) (Fresh Or Frozen)
|Sifted flour
|3 Cup (48 tbs)
|Baking powder
|4 Teaspoon
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Coarsely chopped walnuts/Coarsely chopped pecans
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|1 , rind grated
|1 , lightly beaten
|1 Cup (16 tbs)
|Melted butter/Margarine
|2 Teaspoon
Preheat oven to 350° F.
Put cranberries through coarse blade of meat grinder and mix with 1/4 cup sugar.
Sift remaining sugar with flour, baking powder, and salt; mix in nuts and orange rind.
Lightly beat egg with milk and melted butter and stir into flour mixture.
Fold in cranberries.
Spoon into a buttered 9"x5"x3" loaf pan and bake about 1 hour until loaf pulls slightly from sides of pan and is springy to the touch.
Cool upright in pan 10 minutes, then turn out on a wire rack and cool before slicing.
Recipe Summary
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size
Calories 733 Calories from Fat 139
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 16 g24.1%
Saturated Fat 3.4 g17.1%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 63.9 mg21.3%
Sodium 679.7 mg28.3%
Total Carbohydrates 136 g45.3%
Dietary Fiber 5.8 g23.3%
Sugars 58.6 g
Protein 16 g31.2%
Vitamin A 5.7% Vitamin C 35.9%
Calcium 48.4% Iron 31.4%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


text:
Property Details
House, 4 Bedrooms, 3 Baths, 8 Sleeps
Helen's Point is located on the beautiful Sea of Abaco in Treasure
Cay, Bahamas, your own swimming dock right in front. Just a short
flight from West Palm. Fort Lauderdale or Miami. It is
famous for it's fantastic water, fishing off shore and
inshore, including fabulous bonefishing. Activities include world
class diving, snorkeling or golf at one of the best 18 hole courses
in the Bahamas. Designed by Dick Wilson and rated #1 by Golf Digest.
Treasure Cay beach is also rated one of the top ten by National
Geographic. Golf cart is the preferred method of transportation in the
community. Exploring the many islands near by like Green Turtle and
Guana for dining and snorkeling are favorite activities either by
ferry or boat rental, or enjoy swimming and sunning from your own
45x20 deck/patio, steps to crystal clear water and white sand bottom.
Recent Review
A wonderful home in a beautiful location
About the Owner
3 Reviews
5/5 -
(3 traveler reviews)
A wonderful home in a beautiful location
We rented Helen's Point for 2 weeks at Christmas/New Years in 2013(the review calendar wouldn't go back that far). I needed a place to accommodate 8 adults travelling from different points in the States as well as one coming in from overseas. This was the place. It was PERFECT! I was able to rent the owner's vehicle for my immediate family which they arranged to leave at the airport for our arrival. I also rented their golf cart which was tremendous. The house also has a boat dock available for use. We rented a boat for five days and kept it moored at the dock which is a short walk from the house. We had fresh fish for several days. The grounds were beautiful and the fresh coconut was fantastic. The patio was large and a wonderful place for sitting, sipping and sunning. Each morning, I woke up, grabbed my fishing rod and fished off of the swimming dock. No great fishing tales but did pick up an occasional snapper or grunt while sipping my morning cup of tea or Bloody Mary. Inside, the kitchen is grand. The open floor plan with views to the sea was wonderful. The bedrooms were comfortable and well appointed. The area itself was a lot of fun. The bars and restaurants were great day and night. I found a fishing guide who turned into our lobster connection. He delivered lobster tails to our front door a few times during our stay. In summary, I'd say if you are looking for a great place on The Abaco, this is it.
Helen's Point defines the word "Paradise"
Helen's Point is Paradise, the Grounds are kept immaculate, the Interior of the Home is warm and inviting, Lay'd out Perfect, pictures do it no Justice. My wife and I stayed the first time with our daughter and fiancé, the House is in a area of tranquility yet hop in a golf cart and your minutes away from fine dining or Tiki Bars, Treasure Cay Marina is up the Block for Boat rentals or catch a big Sport fish boat weighing in its catch, some the best fishing in the World is right here at your door step. Now Back to the house for Sunning in Privacy, Kayaking, Snorkeling, its just endless what Helen's Point has to offer, the only problem we ever had there was calling the limo to leave such a wonderful Place. We love it so much We Rented the following year and it was even better then, because we new our way around now, We rented there twice now and we are booked this Year again going to try to stay a bit longer this time, We Highly Recommend "Helen's Point" to everyone, which means in Bahamian "PARADISE", "PARADISE" There's nothing like it in my eyes and I've been to a lot of Places, Costa Rica, Belize, The Florida Keys, this Place tops them all, Thank you "Helen's Point"
A paradise away from home
A surprise from my wife..5 memorable nights in Treasure Cay at the most beautiful home we have ever vacationed at. The layout allows spectacular views of the ocean at your doorstep, from living room, kitchen and two of the bedrooms. All 4 bedrooms allow for one's privacy with their own bathroom. Spacious patio for dinning and grilling, while sitting smack on the ocean front. Soft comfortable breezes all day. Ideal for six if not 8 people, spacious and upscale furnishings, abounds luxury. Beautiful white sandy beaches around the corner. Don't miss Treasure Cay in your lifetime... Mike
Activity and Interests
Fishing in and off shore
island hopping
swimming from your own private steps
scuba or snorkel
world famous bone fishing
18 hole championship golf course
shelling and world famous beach
relaxing and reading
Rates & Availability
Rental rates
Additional information about rental rates
|Refundable damage deposit
Nightly Rate: $350 - $700
Weekly Rate: $2400 - $4500
Monthly Rate: $6000 - $12000
Rates: 2-4 people $400/day, $2800/week
5-6 people $600/day, $3500/week
7-8 guests $700/day, $4200/week
Security deposit of $500, /cleaning fee $150. Discounts available for
longer stays, off season and last minute deals.
Maid service daily available upon request.
- 12
- Available arrival
- 12
- Available stay (no arrival)
- 12
- Unavailable
Property Type
- house
- Adventure
- Away From It All
- Budget
- Family
- Romantic
- Sports & Activities
- Air Conditioning
- Clothes Dryer
- Hair Dryer
- Internet
- Iron & Board
- Linens Provided
- Living Room
- Parking
- Telephone
- Towels Provided
- Washing Machine
- Coffee Maker
- Dishes & Utensils
- Dishwasher
- Kitchen ...
- Microwave
- Oven
- Pantry Items
- Refrigerator
- Stove
- Toaster
- Dining ...
- Dining Room
- Books
- DVD Player
- Games
- Music Library
- Satellite / Cable
- Stereo
- Television
- Toys
- Video Library
Pool / Spa
- Communal Pool
Onsite Services
- Car Available
- Massage
- Long-term Renters Welcome
- children welcome
- pets not allowed
- wheelchair accessible ...
Location Type
- Beach View
- Ocean View
- Oceanfront
- Resort
- Water View
- Waterfront
- bay/sound
- library
- marina
- reefs
- restaurants
Leisure Activities
- beachcombing
- bird watching
- photography
- walking
- whale watching
Local Services & Businesses
- ATM/bank
- Babysitter
- fitness center
- groceries
- laundromat
- massage therapist
- medical services
Sports & Adventure Activities
- cycling
- deepsea fishing
- fishing
- fly fishing
- golf
- pier fishing
- sailing
- scuba diving or snorkeling
- snorkeling
- sound/bay fishing
- swimming
- tennis
Floor Area
- 2000 sq. ft.
- Bathroom 1
- Bathroom 2
- Bathroom 3
- 3 Baths plus out door shower!
- 4 Bedrooms, Sleeps 8
- Bedroom 1
- Bedroom 2
- Bedroom 3
- Bedroom 4
- 2 twin that can be made into King with private bath 1 Queen shared bath 1 king master with private bath 2 twins with shared bath
- Boat ...
- Deck / Patio ...
- Golf
- Kayak / Canoe
- Lawn / Garden
- Tennis
- Guests provide their own meals
Learn more about this vacation rental at the owner's website
- Helen's Point is a 4bdrm, 3 bath 2300 sq ft home with open living, dining and kitchen on the Sea of Abaco. The modern granite kitchen is completely stocked for any gourmet, the bedrooms include Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger and designer linens. The master has it's own bath with King bed and separate sliders to patio and view of the water. The Queen room looks out on the water/patio on opposite side of house for privacy and shares bath with 3rd bedrm - 2 twins. The 4th bedrm has 2 twins/king conversion and it's own bath. In addition the outside shower - is usually the favorite. Amenities include wireless internet, DVD, VCR, CD stereo,flat screen TV, games and library, phone, and scanner. Bicycles, beach gear and snorkeling equipment included. Located on a double lot, on the water, south facing offering gorgeous sunrise and sunset views from the house and patio - just steps into the water for fabuous swimming. Boat dock and specials available! Golf cart, maid service and car rental available.


text:
Girls Brigade (Victoria)Community Girl Brigade
8-12 Simla Street, Mitcham, VIC 3132
Best match results for: CATEGORY = Girl Brigade for Kids + LOCATION = Victoria (VIC)
8-12 Simla Street, Mitcham, VIC 3132
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PO Box 707, South Yarra, VIC 3141


text:
Invaluable cannot guarantee the accuracy of translations through Google Translate and disclaims any responsibility for inaccurate translations.
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Lot 150: Chinese natural color translucent jadeite belt buckle
Important Chinese Antiques and Fine Jewelry Auction
by International Auction Gallery
24 October 2016
Anaheim, CA, USALive Auction
Looking for the realised and estimated price?
Description: Beautiful Chinese natural color translucent apple green jadeite carved dragon belt buckle (see GIA report), 4.35"L
Browse more items


text:
For detailed information on this product click here.
Cost: Demo cost is $15.00 for 1 racquet and $20 for 2-4 racquets. Shipping includes delivery to your door and return shipping back to Midwest Sports. Demo up to 4 racquets at a time. Our program ships anywhere in the continental U.S.
Delivered to your door!: UPS delivery takes 2-3 days to most areas. You will receive an e-mail the minute they are shipped with a tracking number. Use them for 7 days from the day you receive them. Example: Receive them on Monday, keep them until the next Monday. To return to Midwest Sports you may drop off at any UPS store or follow instructions on return label for alternate drop-off options. Simply place the label included with the demos on the box. Midwest Sports will be notified by UPS when the racquets are picked up. Please Note: Due to possible demo maintenance (re-stringing, re-gripping) prior to being shipped out, demo orders are not guaranteed to ship in the same time frame as new product orders. Occasional delays are possible, but are typically no longer than 1-2 days.
Forget to Return: In order for everyone to take advantage of the demo program we ask you return the demos after 7 days. Late fees on racquets not returned within the 7 day period are
I liked the tour as it was similiar to the Andy Roddick racquet that was discontinued. I liike the way it feels and also gives me the power I need.
You need to snatch up one of these racquets soon before they are all gone. It is the ultimate players racquet with sweet touch, low power, and a soft buttery forgiveness. I have recently bought two more and once I get some more cash, I will get another one!
Very solid racquet. Was using the roddick GT version. This racquet has a solid feel. Great for baseline players. I added about 13 grams to the racquet head and it gave it more bite and added to the serve. I am a4.5 player.
For me with a one hand backhand this offers control and power with xcel string . great flex and feel on all shots. I play at the 5.0 level , this stick needs a long, strong stroke .
Don't Forget...


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Accounting book keeping - repost
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Faust's second album moves closer to actual song structure than their debut, but it still remains experimental. Songs progress and evolve instead of abruptly stopping or cutting into other tracks. The opening song "It's a Rainy Day, Sunshine Girl" begins as a repetitive 4/4 beat played on toms and piano with the title sung over the top. But for seven minutes the song adds instruments, including a lush analog synth line, and ends in a memorable sax riff. Faust's lyrical side appears on the acoustic "Picnic on a Frozen River" and "On the Way to Adamäe," whereas its abrasive side pops up on "Me Lack Space."
A decade after Chris Daughtry came in fourth on the fifth season of American Idol, the singer's post-Idol band DAUGHTRY has amassed enough hits to create a hits collection, hence the 2016 release of It's Not Over: The Hits So Far. This 13-track collection doesn't contain every single DAUGHTRY track issued to radio – the most conspicuous absences are "Outta My Head," "Start of Something Good," and "Battleships," all entries on the U.S. Adult Top 40 – but it has all the big active rock hits, ranging from the Top 10s "It's Not Over" and "Home" to "Over You," "What About Now," "No Surprise," and the singalong "Long Live Rock & Roll."
"So Far So Good" is a compilation album by Canadian rock musician Bryan Adams, released by A&M Records in November 1993. The album reached number six on the Billboard 200 in 1994 and was a number one hit in the United Kingdom and many other countries.


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Search Finding Aids
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Repository filters: 3 are listed below. Each is preceded by the number of records that match the filter.
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Main Content
(Bulk: 1893-1903)
Frothingham, Arthur L.
Stevenson, Sara Yorke, 1847-1921
Extent: 1 linear foot
Although classical, including Etruscan, collections had been donated to the University of Pennsylvania Museum since the early 1890s it was in 1896 that the Museum formally authorized excavations in Italy and the acquisition of Etruscan tomb groups, as well as individual objects, for the Museum. Professor Arthur L. Frothingham of Princeton, then Secretary of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome, was commissioned to represent the Museum in Italy. Most of the tomb groups which Frothingham obtained are from Narce and Vulci, although there are objects from many other sites including Cerveteri, Orvieto, and Civita Castellana. The textual records from the excavations in Italy consist of one linear foot of correspondence, notes, financial accounts, and photographs related to the excavation of Etruscan tombs through which the Museum obtained the majority of its Etruscan collections.
(Bulk: 1949-1953)
Satterthwaite, Linton, 1897-1978
Extent: 1.2 linear foot (the collection consists of twenty-nine folders in three archival boxes)
The Benque Viejo (Xunantunich), Cahal Pech expedition, conducted by Dr. Linton Satterthwaite, was an extension of his expedition to Caracol, British Honduras (Belize). It was conceived as a "Housemound Project" and continued for two seasons from 1950 to 1953. The area of Benque Viejo, Cahal Pech contained seventeen structures and five stelae for investigation. Much of the collection relates to the Ball Court and East Plaza sites, as well as Structure A6 first and A6 second. The expedition produced objects and numerous photographs of the area. The Benque Viejo, Cahal Pech expedition records consist of twenty-nine folders in three archival boxes. Materials relate to the proposal for the expedition, preliminary data, budget and financial records, maps, notebooks, field notes, diaries, bag study sheets, progress and summary reports, press and publication materials, and photographs.
(Bulk: 1921-1933)
Fisher, Clarence Stanley, 1876-1941
FitzGerald, Gerald Milnes, 1882-1978
Rowe, Alan, 1892-1968
Extent: 40 linear feet
From 1921 to 1933, the Palestine Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania Museum conducted excavations at Bet Sh'ean, a site located 12 miles south of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. The expedition was intended to be an extensive research effort in Syria-Palestine, but this goal was never fully achieved due to financial stringencies imposed during the Depression of the 1930s. Clarence S. Fisher, Curator of the Egyptian Section of the University Museum, directed the first three seasons of work at Bet Sh'ean. Alan Rowe and Gerald M. FitzGerald directed the subsequent seven field seasons. Nine major occupation levels were described, the earliest dating to the Late Neolithic, and the latest from the Arab/Crusader periods. Records describing the excavations at Bet Sh'ean consist of forty linear feet of records, including diaries, a card catalog, plans, photographic material, field notes, correspondence, financial records, notes, and publication drafts, as well as dozens of maps, drawings, and paintings.
(Bulk: 1950-1953)
Satterthwaite, Linton, 1897-1978
Extent: 8 linear feet (the records are contained in sixteen archival boxes, six of which contain photographs, three small file boxes of card records, and some oversized drawings)
Linton Satterthwaite, a professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania and Curator of the American Section of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, conducted three trips to Caracol, Belize in the 1950s to investigate a previously unknown site of Maya culture. While his primary interest was in Maya inscriptions and chronology, his journeys to Caracol yielded artifacts for the Museum, including twenty-six vessels of the early classic period, nine vessels of the late period, Stela 11, a new "giant glyph" altar, and the bottom portion of Stela 3. The Caracol expedition collection consists of 16 boxes of correspondence, field notes and notes on individual stela, altars, and stones, glyph decipherment and chronology data, information for publication, and photographs and drawings including contact sheets and photographs from Caracol, Benque Viejo, and Cayo X. Satterthwaite organized and catalogued the photographs according to the type of film used, field numbers, and monument number. The collection also contains three file boxes of card notes to the photographs and a few pieces of oversized material. Satterthwaite's "The Monuments and Inscriptions of Caracol, Belize" with co-author Carl Beetz, was published after his death. The publication materials relate to his instructions and notes for publication and Beetz' collection of Satterthwaite's monument notes for the book.
Coe, William R., 1926-
Sharer, Robert J., 1940-
Extent: 5 linear feet
The records of the excavations at Chalchuapa, El Salvador include correspondence, administrative records, field notes, photographs, manuscripts and reports. The bulk of these materials originate from the 1954 excavation by William R. Coe and the 1966 analysis by Robert J. Sharer, as well as the 1969-1970 re-excavations.
(Bulk: 1977-1986)
Buitron-Oliver, Diana , 1946-2002
Extent: 7.5 linear feet (six boxes of documents and three boxes of photographs/slides/negatives. oversize materials include maps. )
The collection comprises the papers of Diana Buitron-Oliver (1946-2002) relating to her archaeological excavation work in the archaic precinct of the Apollo sanctuary at Kourion on the island of Cyprus. The collection consists primarily of correspondence, field notes, and reports on the work by Diana Buitron-Oliver.
(Bulk: 1966-1968)
Dyson, Robert H., 1927-
Extent: 2.66 linear feet
Dr. Robert H. Dyson, Jr., Director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum 1982-1994, directed excavations in 1966 and 1968 at Dinkha Tepe in the Ushnu Valley, west Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran. This expedition formed part of the Hasanlu Project. The papers documenting these excavations are for the most part primary reference materials and were deposited as a closed collection in The University of Pennsylvania Museum Archives for safekeeping until publication research begins within the next several years. Records were kept in their original order. The textual records of Dinkha Tepe consist of 2.66 linear feet of excavation notebooks, indexes and catalogues, photographic material, manuscripts, and drawings, maps and plans.
(Bulk: 1968-1975)
Wailes, Bernard, 1934-
Extent: 3 linear feet
The Dun Ailinne, Ireland Excavation Records are housed in 5 boxes, plus oversized material in Print Cabinet P-11 and Map Case M-10. It includes correspondence, financial records, field notes, maps and drawings, artifact drawings, information regarding artifact analysis, progress reports and publications, artifact inventories, photographic prints and negatives and 35 mm slides from years ranging from 1968 to 2005 (Bulk 1968-1975).
(Bulk: 1928-1933)
Grant, Elihu, 1873-1942
Extent: 5.2 linear feet (the elihu grant beth shemesh excavation records are composed of eight archival boxes of correspondence, notes, notebooks, object and field notes and drawings along with one archival box of mounted photographs, a small file box of object field register cards, a larger flat box with registers from 1928 to 1933 and oversized items stored in the print case and map case )
Located approximately 12 miles west of Jerusalem, this site was originally excavated in 1911 and 1912 by Duncan Mackenzie for the Palestine Exploration Fund. Under the sponsorship of Haverford College, Haverford professor Elihu Grant undertook excavation at this mound from 1928 to 1931 and again in 1933. When the Bet Shemesh (Ain Shems) artifacts, known as the Haverford Collection, were purchased by the University Museum in 1962, the field notes, notes on pottery, plans, drawings, photographs, and correspondence relating to these finds were also acquired.
(Bulk: 1931-1932)
Schmidt, Erich Friedrich, 1897-1964
Extent: 25 linear feet
From 1931-1933, The University Museum sponsored Erich Schmidt's excavations and survey at Tepe Hissar and sites around the city Damghan, both in Northwestern Iran, near the Caspian sea. These sites were unique because they were the first American excavations in Iran, but more particuarly because of the long time span represented in the archaeological record. Remains from the Bronze Age to the Islamic era were collected, but Schmidt focused his investigation on the Bronze Age and Sassanian eras.
(Bulk: 1930-1931)
Schmidt, Erich Friedrich, 1897-1964
Extent: 1.95 linear feet
Excavation at Fara, initiated by German excavators between 1902 and 1903, was resumed in 1931 by Erich Schmidt, an archaeologist working under the aegis of the University Museum. Since the Museum's participation was limited to one season which took place between February 15 and May 19, the records pertaining to this excavation are not numerous. The textual records at Fara include general correspondence, field notes, indexes and catalogues, and publications. Where possible, a chronological order was imposed on the records.
Furness, William H., III
Harrison, Alfred Craven, Jr., 1869-1925
Hiller, Hiram Milliken, 1867-1921
Extent: 4.4 linear feet
Between 1895 and 1901, William Furness, III., Alfred C. Harrison, Jr., and Hiram M. Hiller made a series of extended trips to Oceania, South and Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Furness, Harrison, and Hiller all donated or sold substantial collections of ethnographic, archaeological, and skeletal material acquired on the voyages to the Penn Museum. The Furness, Harrison, and Hiller collections, particularly those from Oceania, are extensive and reasonably well-documented for their time.
(Bulk: 1893-1924)
Gordon, G. B. (George Byron), 1870-1927
Extent: 0.35 linear foot (the collection is housed in ten folders in an archival box)
George Byron Gordon led expeditions to Copan at the end of the nineteenth century and, with his brother MacLaren Gordon, to Alaska in 1905 and 1907. As Professor at the University of Pennsylvania and as Director of the Museum, Gordon was first to conduct regular lectures to undergraduate and graduate students in Anthropology and oversaw one of the the largest periods of Museum growth. The G.B. Gordon Central America collection includes diaries, surveying notes, reports and stories from the Copan Expeditions and the Yucatan Expedition in 1910, original stories, articles, and book reviews written by Dr. Gordon, communication with The British Museum about Maya site excavation, Gordon's introductions composed for speakers for the Saturday Afternoon Lecture Series, speeches to professional organizations, and class lectures.
Pritchard, James B. (James Bennett), 1909-1997
Extent: 6 linear feet
James Pritchard, first Curator of Biblical Archaeology, Professor of Religious Thought, Associate Director (1967-1976), and Director (1976-1977) at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, conducted his primary fieldwork in three sites in the Near East. Of these, locating the site of Ancient Gibeon (El-Jib) in Jordan was perhaps Pritchard's most notable accomplishment. He and his team conducted five seasons of fieldwork here, discovering three prominent architectural features: a tunnel, pool, and the city wall. The archival records for these excavations consist six linear feet of field notes, reports, a field diary, correspondence, object catalogues, drawings, photographs and a photographic catalogue, an annotated map, publication notes, and financial records.
Kenyon, Jeff, 1948-
University of Pennsylvania. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
Extent: 1.9 linear feet (two 5 by 7 index card boxes, and one manuscript box)
This collection, the Gorgas Mill Complex records, includes documents from the Monastery archaeological site, on the Wissahickon Creek in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The excavation site was an 18th-century mill site which later became part of Fairmount Park. It was excavated in 1974 by the field school of the Penn Museum under the direction of Jeff Kenyon. This collection was divided into four series based on subject: administrative records, historical research, field notes and visual materials.
(Bulk: 1900-1917)
Dohan, Edith Hall, 1877-1943
Hawkes, Harriet B.
Stevenson, Sara Yorke, 1847-1921
Extent: 1 linear feet
The textual records from the excavations of Gournia and the papers of Harriet Boyd Hawes consist of one linear foot of correspondence, financial records, field notes and drawings, drafts of lectures and materials for publication, and research notes. The records have been compiled from several sources, none of which contributed a significant original order. Sources of the records include the files of the American Exploration Society, the records of University of Pennsylvania Museum Mediterranean Section Curator Sara Yorke Stevenson, and the papers of Harriet Boyd Hawes, contributed to the Archives on two occasions (in 1973, by her son Alexander Hawes, and in 1993 by her daughter Mrs. Mary Allsebrook via researcher Dr. Vasso Fotou.
(Bulk: 1914-1915)
Mason, John Alden, 1885-1967
Extent: 0.3 linear foot (the j. alden mason puerto rican survey records are housed in fifteen folders in a manuscript box)
J. Alden Mason, noted archaeological anthropologist and linguist and curator of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, conducted ethnographic and archaeological research in Puerto Rico from 1914 to 1915. Holdings include field notebooks, most notably phonetic recordings of Puerto Rican folklore from Utuado, San German, Loiza, Copa, and Coamo. Notable items include a draft of the manuscript "Painted Cave Petroglyphs in Puerto Rico" from 1939 and correspondence regarding wax cylinder recordings. Included also are letters from Mason to his daughter, Kathy, and several translated tales sent to her.
Haynes, John Henry
Hilprecht, H. V. (Hermann Vollrat), 1859-1925
Peters, John P. (John Punnett), 1852-1921
Extent: 20 linear feet
In 1887, the University of Pennsylvania agreed to sponsor an expedition to the Near East. The idea was conceived by Reverend John Punnett Peters, University of Pennsylvania Professor of Hebrew. Nippur was a pre-Biblical city-state located in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates, the area believed to be the "cradle of civilization." The museum conducted four expeditions between 1889 and 1898. The textual records for Nippur consist of 20 linear feet of files are arranged by Expedition (I, II, III, IV), as well as publications, maps and drawings. The documents for each expedition are separated according to type: Field Notes, Reports and Narratives, Correspondence, Financial Records.
(Bulk: 1929-1940)
Extent: 0.28 linear feet
The Harvard-Baghdad School Expedition (American Schools of Oriental Research, A.S.O.R) was sent to Excavate Nuzi near Kirkuk in Iraq. The expedition members consisted of staff from the Fogg Museum of Art, the Harvard Semitic Museum, and A.S.O.R., Baghad. Excavations commenced in 1927-1928. From 1929 to 1931, the University Museum extended financial aid and the services of a helper, C.Bache, in return for his field training. Very few records pertaining to this excavation are available in the Museum's Archives, probably reflecting the Museum's limited participation. Where possible, a chronological order was imposed on the Near East records.
(Bulk: 1931-1939)
Jayne, Horace Howard Furness, 1898-1975
Mason, John Alden, 1885-1967
Satterthwaite, Linton, 1897-1978
Extent: 10 linear feet
Piedras Negras is a Maya site in Guatemala particularly noted for the beautifully sculpted stelae and hieroglyphic inscriptions it has yielded. Between 1931 and 1939 the University of Pennsylvania Museum conducted extensive excavations at this site. John Allen Mason led the first two seasons of work at the site (1931–1932), and Linton Satterthwaite directed the remaining six seasons (1933–1939, excluding 1938). Most of the monuments at the Museum borrowed from Guatemala were returned in 1947; only Stela 14 and one leg from Altar 4 remain on display in the Museum today. The textual records from the excavations of Piedras Negras consist of 11 linear feet of correspondence, financial records, field notes and diaries, catalogs, and reports and publication materials. The arrangement of the records reflects the original order insofar as could be detected, and portions that had been separated over time were re-integrated into this scheme.
(Bulk: 1939-1942)
Mason, John Alden, 1885-1967
Extent: 1.5 linear feet
At the turn of the century, the Río Grande de Coclé changed course, revealing the site of a pre-Columbian cemetery when pottery and gold ornaments were washed out of the river banks. In 1940 the University of Pennsylvania Museum began to excavate Sitio Conte, which belonged to a private landowner, located in the province of Coclé. A very small portion of the pre-Columbian cemetery, estimated to cover four or five acres in its entirety, was selected for excavation. The expedition yielded 6,600 pounds of pottery and stone. The textual records consist of 1.5 linear feet of field notes, diaries, and object cards; correspondence; administrative records concerning contracts, expenses, transportation, and equipment; and unpublished and published reports and articles concerning findings. The arrangement of the records became apparent after some research, for the original order had been lost. Most of the original folder titles, however, have been maintained.
Culin, Stewart, 1858-1929
Extent: 0.15 linear feet (the expedition records consist of three folders of documents plus 10 negative envelopes of photographs)
In 1901, Stewart Culin, Curator Section of American and Prehistoric Archaeolgy at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology traveled to Cuba to investigate the existence of a wild tribe in the mountains of Eastern Cuba. Culin's journey, which lasted a few weeks, took him to Havana and points in Eastern Cuba including El Caney, Mata, Yara, Yateras, Jara, Punta Maisi, Pueblo Viejo, El Caney, El Cobre, Daiquiri, Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo. The collection consists of 0.1 linear feet including correspondence, field notes, financial records, and photographs. The field notes contain some drawings of musical instruments and utensils with notes on Spanish vocabulary and pronunciation. The photographs depict the harbor and buildings of Havana as well as the native population of Eastern Cuba playing musical instruments and photos of Jose Almenares Arguello, age 112, and his home.
Jayne, Horace Howard Furness, 1898-1975
Extent: 2.31 linear feet
Tell Billa is located eight miles east of Tepe Gawra and was excavated by the same staff. Because Tell Billa and Tepe Gawra were excavated simultaneosly, records from the excavations are somewhat mixed and should be used together. Although it is difficult to determine amounts of time spent at Tell Billa, emphasis shifted after the third season to the prehistoric layers at Tepe Gawra. When other order is lacking, a chronological order was imposed on the general correspondence according to field season. Related material may be found in correspondence from the Directors Office, Jayne (1929-1940) in the files for Dorothy Cross, George A. Barton, A.S.O.R., and Paul Beidler.
(Bulk: 1932-1938)
Jayne, Horace Howard Furness, 1898-1975
Speiser, E. A. (Ephraim Avigdor), 1902-1965
Extent: 6.25 linear foot
Tepe Gawra is an ancient Mesopotamian settlement in northern Iraq, near the ancient site of Nineveh and fifteen miles northeast of the modern city of Mosul. It was excavated by archaeologists from the University of Pennsylvania, led by E.A. Speiser, who first discovered the site in 1927, and later, C. Bache. The excavations showed that the Tepe Gawra site was occupied from approximately 5000 B.C. to 1500 B.C. The textual records from Tepe Gawra consist of 11.85 linear feet of General Correspondence, Field Notes, Indexes and Catalogues, Field Registers, and Publications, plus Maps and Drawings. Where possible, a chronological order was imposed on the Near East records.
(Bulk: 1930-1932)
Jayne, Horace Howard Furness, 1898-1975
Wulsin, Frederick R. (Frederick Roelker), 1891-1961
Extent: 2.3 linear feet
Tureng Tepe, a site dating from approximately 3100-2900 B.C. through 1900 B.C. in northeast Iran was excavated by Frederick R. Wulsin during two short field seasons in 1931. Although the expedition was directed by Wulsin, a University of Pennsylvania Museum staff member who was a curator of Anthropology during 1930-1932, the expedition was sponsored by the Atkins Museum of Fine Arts in Kansas City, Missouri. Records relating to the excavation at Tureng Tepe are limited, and consist of 2.3 linear feet of correspondence, field notes, and indexes and catalogues.


text:
Dr. Ananth
Global Head of Trading Research and Managing Director at Barclays Global Investors,
Former Charles B. Thornton Professor of Finance at the USC Marshall School of Business
Date: Wednesday, September 29, 2004
"When the
Rubber Meets the Road: Unleashing
the Power of
Financial Theory to Improve Financial Practice."
USC Town & Gown
University of Southern California
3415 South Figueroa Street
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0871
On-campus parking is available.
Cost: Complimentary
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Presentation by Dr. Ananth Madhavan
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Dr. Ananth Madhavan,
Global Head of Trading Research and Managing Director at Barclays Global
Investors (BGI),
leads BGI's trading research team in San Francisco and London, with a focus on execution research and trading
strategies across different asset classes worldwide. He also works closely with the global trading team and BGI's alpha
research and product groups to design and implement trading strategies capturing liquidity-driven market opportunities.
joining BGI in 2003, Dr. Madhavan was Managing Director of Research
of ITG, Inc.
and a member of the firm's
management and executive committees. Previously, he was the Charles B. Thornton Professor of Finance at the
USC Marshall School of Business, and Assistant Professor of Finance at the University of Pennsylvania Wharton School.
Madhavan is the author of numerous publications in leading academic
and practitioner
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in Economics from Cornell University and BA from the University of Delhi, India.
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