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Everyone tries to complete various varieties of exercise to maintain match. These workouts are of different amounts based on the type of end result needed. The demanding the exercise may be the much better may be the result. Thailand is legendary for many issues including Muay Thai which is a overcome sport and has been originated from its very personal soils. It's a sport which keeps the brain body and soul suit as always. The reason for utilizing this activity being an exercise will be the hard perform and dedication that's necessary in learning the sport. This is a sport in which a single needs to be notify usually which keeps the thoughts active. muaythai-training-thailand The body should be prepared to be attacked anytime and may have the ability to retaliate as well. This may keep the human body energetic. Each one of these items can help to help keep the human body fit and decrease bodyweight also.
Many people be part of Muay Thai just to get into the burden reduction method. Thailand has provided the planet an excellent sport and it's now a world recognition. There are lots of instruction camps around the world that provides point out of the art facilities for trainees to learn Muay Thai. However the instruction done in Thailand is class apart because the atmosphere provided cannot be matched everywhere else. This sport being a demanding one remains to be joined by women. They do so possibly out of enthusiast subsequent for Muay Thai or to shed excess weight. This activity retains the individual on their toes and makes them lessen the additional bodyweight.
The trainers of Muay Thai in Thailand know all of the techniques in the activity that is required to learn it. They are also well versed with all the common language English to coach the individuals from different parts from the world. There are lots of aspirants who fly into Thailand to learn Muay Thai in the well-known trainers.
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Acme Furniture 15208
15208 Milano Pebble Easy Rider/Espresso Bycast PU Left Facing Sectional Sofa
- Acme Furniture 152058
Quick Specs:
- Series: Milano
- Width: 76"
- Height: 36"
- Depth: 34"
- Style: Contemporary
- Color: Espresso
Oversized box edge seat and back cushions of the Milano Pebble Easy Rider/Espresso Bycast PU Left Facing Sectional Sofa have double stitch tufting for s stylish look, while two toned checkered toss pillows make the Milano Sectional Collection more attractive and add plush comfort. A left facing chaise completes the right side of the sectional with additional space for lounging and relaxing. This sectional features ultimate comfort and mobility. Available at AppliancesConnection
ACME started doing business in Los Angeles, California in 1985. Today we have six branches located in New York City, New Jersey, Atlanta, Miami, Dallas, and San Franscico. From the beginning we have set out to provide our customers with service, value and quality. Nothing is more important than quality. That is why ACME maintains its own quality control personnel in every country in which we do business. Every item must meet our exact standards. Nothing less will do.
- Milano Sectional Collection
- Easy rider and bycast PU upholstery
- Pebble color easy rider fabric
- Espresso bycast base and back
- Contemporary style
- Tufted cushions with button detail
- Box edge back cushion
- Squared arm
- Square tapered legs
- Some assembly may be required
- Frame Material: Wood
- Width: 76"
- Depth: 34"
- Height: 36"
- Right Facing Chaise: 85" x 34" x 36"H
- Series: Milano
- Finish: Espresso
- Upholstery: PU
- Style: Contemporary
- Brand:Acme Furniture
- Stock Id:268850
- Product Number:15208
- Series:Milano
- Color:Espresso
- Style:Contemporary
- Series:Milano
- Frame Material:Wood
- Upholstery:Faux Leather
- Height:36"
- Depth:34"
- Width:76"
- Right facing chaise:85" x 34" x 36"H

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to Studio Ripple.
We are a unique collective of music and sound specialists who are passionate about delivering imaginative, quality soundtracks for Film, TV, TVC, Gaming and Multimedia platforms. Our model is a collaborative one, drawing on our individual quirks and expertise in composition, sound design, orchestration, performance and music production, allowing us to provide a complete soundtrack package, reducing time and costs whilst enhancing control of sound quality.
We embark upon every project with originality and innovation in mind, whilst maintaining a sensitive style and an ear for the subtleties of audiovisual storytelling. Our approach will always ensure that lasting impression only a carefully crafted soundtrack can provide.


text: We stayed 6 nights and 5 days at Lady Bug Lodge. The cabin had been redone for 2006 and it was very nice. The fishing, while not so good for us was very good for everyone else so I will blame ourselves on this shortcoming. The owners were very gracious and accomodating. We enjoyed the place so much we are... More


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Home →
→ News & Tips
| News & Tips
This month, the Queens County Farm Museum invites families to attend Wildlife Weekends, where kids can meet and learn about a variety of wildlife species, view educational animal shows, and spend some time frolicking on the farm. This pay-one-price event includes the farm's Bird of Prey shows, chances to learn about frogs and bugs, along with hayrides, pony rides, and animal feeding.
While attending the Bird of Prey show, watch as master falconers send hawks and falcons flying into the air, while teaching the crowd a thing or two about these fascinating birds.
Meanwhile, in the Main Barn complex, the Queens Farm features Frogs, Bugs, and Animals, a show where attendees can meet Prickles the hedgehog, Stickers the tree frog, Toothpaste the tortoise, and Twinkles the pig. Audiences will also get to meet a variety of other frogs and bugs of all shapes and colors, and learn about what they eat, where they sleep, and where they're originally from.
In addition to these activities, families can take a seasonal hayride around the farm, or a pony ride (limit is 80 lbs), and feed their favorite animal on the farm.
The Queens County Farm Museum is known for its festive seasonal activities, quality educational programs, friendly farm animals, greenhouse complex, herb garden, orchard, farmers markets, and valuable lessons in sustainable agriculture. As the only working historical farm space in New York City, the museum regularly hosts visitors who are interested in checking out its wide variety of home-grown produce and wine. The Queens County Farm Museum is open year-round, seven days a week.
Where: Queens County Farm Museum, 73-50 Little Neck Parkway, Floral Park
When: Saturday-Sunday November 6-7, 13-14, 11am-4pm
How much: $9
For more information: Call 718-347-FARM, ext. 304, or visit www.queensfarm.org/index.html
Queens Story Hours for Kids
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The moms behind Mabel's Labels, a durable and adorable personalized label company, share their tips for making back-to-school lunches for kids creative and nutritious.
When should your baby should first see the dentist?
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Match Thread - 2nd Test - Bangladesh vs New Zealand @ SBNS, Dhaka; Oct 21-25, 2013
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October 20, 2013, 10:51 PM
Roey Haque
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Join Date: March 26, 2012
Favorite Player: Shakib Al Hassan
Posts: 3,243
So Anamul is an ODI guy, nothing wrong with that. Selector's fault for picking him really.
The day con man extraordinaire Mushfiqur is dropped from the team, that is the day I will know we are not pussyfooting around anymore.
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For my Strategic Planning class during the spring of 2008, we had to choose a company, research the company, & prepare a presentation on them. After we gave our presentation, we were required to come up with a strategic plan for the company that we researched. This powerpoint presentation is the actual powerpoint that we used in our presentation. We received an A, both in the class, and on this presentation.


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Balloon Long & Round Assortment 20/PkgDecorations
Assorted Colors - View Complete Details
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Balloon Long & Round Assortment 20/Pkg - PAPER ART-20 long and round balloons in colors red, white, yellow, orange, pink, blue, and green. Warning: choking hazard-children under 8 years can choke or suffocate on uninflated or broken balloons. Adult supervision required. For best use stretch balloons before inflating.View Product Specs
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The Hydra Vision uses the same soft frame technology as it's adult version with emphasis on visibility and improved dynamics in the water. An incredibly comfortable and easily adjustable goggle.
Thank you for visiting blueseventy Hydra Vision Junior Goggles Junior Swimming Goggles on oakleysbikes.co.uk
We bring the products from many websites to one website for you to search, save and compare.


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We here at Tipping Point Theatre take pride in our efforts to be involved with the community and to create events that are not only entertaining, but also help raise funds to keep live, professional theatre thriving in Downtown Northville.
Join us for a night of glitz & glamor as we kick off Tipping Point Theatre's 10th Season, our annual fundraiser will be our "Perfect 10" Anniversary Event to be held on Saturday, September 24, 2016 at Tipping Point Theatre.
Over 100 guests will be treated to "Tipping Point Theatre's Olympics" with special performances by some of TPT's favorite actors. This black tie event, will also include a walk down memory lane as we celebrate the past 9 years. Heavy strolling appetizers, and dessert will be provided by Rocky's of Northville. Live music and drinks, including wine, beer, pop and water.
$100/person ($50 is tax deductible) Tickets are limited and on sale now by phone 248-347-0003 or at the box office Tuesday-Friday 10-5.
Past Special Events:
Girls Night Out – The Odd Couple (Female Version)
Members' Choice Awards and Volunteer Recognition Night


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BOB Snack Tray - Single
Exploring can really work up your child's appetite; attach the Snack Tray so he can snack and sip on the go.
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I have used this on trails, dirt roads, and pavement. The snacks tend to bounce out on the dirt road due to the shallow snack holder. It is very easy to install and holds a bottle or skinny sippy cup. Sippy cups with wide handles do not fit well. It gives plenty of leg room. My daughter is 11 months old and can see over it when in place. She pulls herself forward to see into the snack tray and grabs a handful of snacks.
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This tray is so easy to snap on and off. The nice thing is you don't have to take it all the way off to put your child in the seat. The plastic is very sturdy and not cheaply made at all.


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Spillovers in the MENA Region :the Case of Turkey
This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows on the Turkish economy in the aftermath of its liberalization in the early eighties, with an emphasis on the technology transfer related aspects of FDI, i.e. FDI-related productivity and wage spillovers. We first examine the sources of internationalization of the activities of foreign firms and discuss the evolution of the role assigned by economic theory to FDI in the industrialization process of developing countries, with the focus being on the factors leading to the diffusion of intangible assets of foreign companies to domestic firms (competitors, suppliers or customers). A section is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of FDI flows in the world economy in an effort to grasp the new trends occurring in this domain. We then turn our attention to the Turkish case and carry out a thorough descriptive analysis of the characteristics of FDI flows in the Turkish economy on the basis of a number of indicators such as the evolution of the amount of FDI, number of foreign firms, sectoral distribution of FDI, the equity structure of foreign firms, their country of origin. We then carry out an econometric analysis in order to test for the existence of FDI-related productivity and wage spillovers in the Turkish manufacturing sector, and to identify the channels through which they transit. A unique firm-level database for the Turkish manufacturing industry covering the period 1983-2001 is used in our analysis. Productivity and wage equations are estimated by using appropriate estimation techniques and including control variables at the firm and sector level are added. Our findings point to a negative effect of FDI-related spillovers on the productivity of domestic firms and to a significant and positive impact on the wages paid by domestic firms.
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|116 pages
|Date of creation:
|Feb 2009
|Date of revision:
|Feb 2009
|Publication status:
|Published by The Economic Research Forum (ERF)
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: 21 Al-Sad Al Aaly St. Dokki, Giza
Phone: 202-3370810
Fax: 202-3616042
Web page: http://www.erf.org.eg
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Illustrations for a children fairytale
This project was successfully completed by Arkennar for $15 USD in 6 days.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$10 - $30 USD
Completed In6 days
Total Bids26
Project Description
I need 6 illustrations for a fairytale, to be placed in a children ebook written in flash.
Illustrations short description:
1. A grandad and his wife are in a wooden house at a wooden table. An earthenware pot with milk is standing on the table.
2. The grandma is standing at the rye field with the pot in hands, near by a green bush.
3. A fox is hiding out behind the bush, only his head is visible. The pot is standing at the bush.
4. The fox is in hysterics because it can't remove its head from the pot (after the milk was drunk by itself).
5. The fox approaches to the water (a river or a lake) with the head inside the pot deciding to drown the pot.
6. The fox jumped into water. We see only the tale and hind feet.
The selected person will be provided by further information if needed.
This is an amateur project so my budget is limited by 10-15 USD for whole project. In the same time quality requirements aren't very strong:
- it should be а coloured image in landscape position
- at least of 1000 pixels width, in JPG of PNG format.
I have an example - a draft of the image #1 (see attached) made by myself, but I'm not a painter.
If you have no similar works in your portfolio, you may send me a black and white draft of one of the images described above.
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text: The Beast of Legend wiki last edited by AmishAvenger on 05/31/13 11:26AM View full history One by one, The Titans have fallen! Now it's up to the oldest Titan and the newest Titan, as Beast Boy and Solstice battle demonic forces to save their teammates and keep an unspeakable evil from laying claim to the entire world. It's all-out war – with Beast Boy like you've never seen him before!Beast Boy and Solstice attack Rankor and his army head on in an attempt to free the other Teen Titans that have been captured. Beast Boy frees everyone, but most have lost their powers and Rankor is still all powerful. So once Solstice gets them to safety she goes back to fight Rankor one on one if she has to.


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In this report, the authors compare and contrast medical informatics (MI) and bioinformatics (BI) and provide a viewpoint on their complementarities and potential for collaboration in various subfields. The authors compare MI and BI along several dimensions, including: (1) historical development of the disciplines, (2) their scientific foundations, (3) data quality and analysis, (4) integration of knowledge and databases, (5) informatics tools to support practice, (6) informatics methods to support research (signal processing, imaging and vision, and computational modeling, (7) professional and patient continuing education, and (8) education and training. It is pointed out that, while the two disciplines differ in their histories, scientific foundations, and methodologic approaches to research in various areas, they nevertheless share methods and tools, which provides a basis for exchange of experience in their different applications. MI expertise in developing health care applications and the strength of BI in biological "discovery science" complement each other well. The new field of biomedical informatics (BMI) holds great promise for developing informatics methods that will be crucial in the development of genomic medicine. The future of BMI will be influenced strongly by whether significant advances in clinical practice and biomedical research come about from separate efforts in MI and BI, or from emerging, hybrid informatics subdisciplines at their interface.
With the Human Genome Project (HGP) published in draft form,1 new challenges in functional genomics have followed hard on its heels, opening up a wide variety of medical applications. Altman,2 Sander,3 and others4–8 have recently emphasized the need for new genomic-based approaches in medicine, such as studying genome-related risk factors for various diseases, developing novel diagnostics tests, creating updated cancer cell classifications, or integrating genetic and medical data in clinical practice. Both bioinformatics (BI) and medical informatics (MI) are widely expected to have important roles in supporting these types of efforts, but whether they will do so together or apart is a matter of debate among researchers in both disciplines.4
Bioinformatics involves the development and application of novel informatics techniques in the biological (especially genomic) sciences. It is a young, successful discipline, which already has its own professional societies, meetings, and scientific journals focused on a clear research agenda, having contributed critically to the successes of the human and other genome projects. In contrast, MI is a more established field that has pioneered the development and introduction of informatics methods in clinical medicine and biomedical research but has recently found itself increasingly challenged by the emergence of BI.9
New approaches in MI have been called for to bridge the divide with BI in developing novel methods for the emerging joint field of biomedical informatics (BMI).10,11,12 This raises an interesting set of strategic issues for BI and MI, focused around the question: Is enough known already for BI to productively focus on developing methods and tools for enhancing the transfer of genomic results to medicine, and what novel clinically oriented MI methods will be needed to make such transfers a success?
Relationship of BI and MI to Medical Research and Practice
Beginning in the late 1950s, the introduction of computers into medical settings was followed by the implementation of clinical and bibliographic databases, computerized medical records (CPRs),13,14 and medical information systems (MISs)15 during the next two decades, contributing to the rapid development of MI.16,17 Pioneering medical consultation systems, based first on logical and statistical methods, and later on expert knowledge-based methods,18–25 attracted considerable attention, had high impact in scientific journal publications, and served as models for similar research and many successful applications in other disciplines. Large clinical databases26,27 and literature indexing and search technologies developed by medical informatics researchers led to significant shifts in medical research and practice.
It is now common for physicians to use systems such as Medline28 in conjunction with MISs and CPRs without thinking twice and referring to them simply as "data sources." Taking for granted these results of MI research is clear evidence of their success, but it tends to hide and underestimate the fact that it took more than 30 years to reach such a level of "seamless" technology. Medline is not just a database with millions of records. Its developer, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, has supported research on medical vocabularies, information retrieval, and natural language processing for more than three decades to improve the capabilities of Medline.28,29 Similarly, CPRs are not ordinary databases but incorporate research results on cognitive studies of physician–patient interaction, human interfaces, knowledge representation, system interoperability, and coding standards, among others30; they are much more than simple "data sources."
Something similar may already be happening to BI, given the responses recently reported in a Bioinformatics journal editorial31 in which professionals outside the field are cited as considering BI research to be easy and cheap, yielding free software, and producing rapid publication of easily verified predictions. While most BI researchers might disagree with such opinions, the fact that they are widely held is likely to influence the future of the field just as similar opinions have influenced MI in the past. Many of the BI programs are complex software systems that use a mix of mathematical models and expert heuristics, which are hard to evaluate out of context and in general, but whose benefits are obvious for specific problems of biological inquiry and analysis.32,33 While it is impossible to anticipate exactly how and when BI results will substantially affect the practice of medicine, a careful look at the experiences of MI might help anticipate some of the technological and scientific challenges for clinical applications of genomics.
MI and BI—Complementarities for Genomic Medicine
A comparison between BI and MI can yield useful insights for planning the future of both disciplines. Within BI, some professionals have suggested that researchers from other areas, such as physicists or statisticians, should mainly contribute to BI tasks, given their expertise in dealing with the massive quantities of experimental data.34 Yet, maybe the most fruitful collaborations lie with the more proximal discipline of MI,2,4,5,6,35 which has been dealing with problems of structuring complex and large quantities of data and knowledge in biomedicine for the last 30 years.
In this report, we compare the disciplines from a number of different perspectives. Table 1 summarizes the main points of this comparison. Below we briefly expand on the contrasting features of MI and BI summarized in Table 1.
|Feature Comparison and Contrast
|Discipline Feature
|Medical Informatics
|1. Academic discipline, development, and interdisciplinary links.
|Gradual build-up, focusing on science-driven methods of analysis for data from emerging gene and protein technologies. Early connections with cybernetics, information, and automata theory gave an information-oriented focus to genomics.
|Rapid launch in the 1960s based on computer technology opportunities in health care. Few connections of medicial practice with "preinformatics" disciplines (mathematical modeling, statistics, linguistics, AI, etc.)—though fundamental for public health epidemiology, laboratory medicine, and radiology.
|2. Scientific content and informatics goals.
|Molecular biology and biochemistry—massive data analysis and management demands for biological scientific discovery.
|Medicine—standardization, efficient data processing and specialized analysis and management tools for clinical practice, biomedical research, and education.
|3. Data quality and analysis: noise and uncertainty. Role of data mining.
|Scientific data—controlled noise and uncertainty models and prospective studies allow relatively frequent direct application of data mining methods.
|Clinical data—other than for controlled clinical trials, the incompleteness, subjectivity, and uncertainty of retrospective patient data make mining results difficult to replicate and transfer.
|4. Integrating data and knowledge: networks, databases, interoperability, standardization, and information retrieval.
|Many specialized databases publicly available over the Web. Interoperability good; quality issues addressed by increased curation.
|Pioneering networking (Medline, SUMEX-AIM), documentation standards, vocabularies, and coding (e.g., UMLS, SNOMED, HL7). Clinical databases mostly nonpublic.
|5. Tools to support medical practice.
|Recent emphasis on ontologies, network models, etc. No involvement in clinical applications until gene expression and SNP studies—still in early stages.
|Emphasis on information systems for patient care, hospital, and medical information (HIS, MIS), education, and telemedicine. Representation of medical knowledge and language (i.e., terminology, indexing, disease taxonomies), central for information retrieval and decision support.
|6. Tools to support research and practice: signal processing, imaging and visualization, computational modeling.
|Signal processing biophysics-oriented. Three-dimensional graphic visualization of molecular structures for scientific research. Image analysis of functional data and network modeling and simulation.
|Signal, image processing, and computational modeling bioengineering-oriented. Three-dimensional visualization of radiologic, histologic, other imaging for clinical and educational use. Related to clinically useful (logic, coding, text, and graphics) knowledge representations and systems architectures.
|7. Professional and health consumer education.
|Widely available tools for scientific data analysis. Prevention and personalized diagnosis and treatment seen as future promises.
|Widely available Web sites, multimedia tools for accessing wide range of biomedical information, analysis tools less widely disseminated.
|8. Education and training of MI and BI professionals: role as scientists, engineers, and information brokers.
|Recent creation of training programs, rapidly expanding.
|Training programs from the 1970s, firmly consolidated—much interdisciplinary experience.
|Feature Comparison and Contrast
|Discipline Feature
|Medical Informatics
|1. Academic discipline, development, and interdisciplinary links.
|Gradual build-up, focusing on science-driven methods of analysis for data from emerging gene and protein technologies. Early connections with cybernetics, information, and automata theory gave an information-oriented focus to genomics.
|Rapid launch in the 1960s based on computer technology opportunities in health care. Few connections of medicial practice with "preinformatics" disciplines (mathematical modeling, statistics, linguistics, AI, etc.)—though fundamental for public health epidemiology, laboratory medicine, and radiology.
|2. Scientific content and informatics goals.
|Molecular biology and biochemistry—massive data analysis and management demands for biological scientific discovery.
|Medicine—standardization, efficient data processing and specialized analysis and management tools for clinical practice, biomedical research, and education.
|3. Data quality and analysis: noise and uncertainty. Role of data mining.
|Scientific data—controlled noise and uncertainty models and prospective studies allow relatively frequent direct application of data mining methods.
|Clinical data—other than for controlled clinical trials, the incompleteness, subjectivity, and uncertainty of retrospective patient data make mining results difficult to replicate and transfer.
|4. Integrating data and knowledge: networks, databases, interoperability, standardization, and information retrieval.
|Many specialized databases publicly available over the Web. Interoperability good; quality issues addressed by increased curation.
|Pioneering networking (Medline, SUMEX-AIM), documentation standards, vocabularies, and coding (e.g., UMLS, SNOMED, HL7). Clinical databases mostly nonpublic.
|5. Tools to support medical practice.
|Recent emphasis on ontologies, network models, etc. No involvement in clinical applications until gene expression and SNP studies—still in early stages.
|Emphasis on information systems for patient care, hospital, and medical information (HIS, MIS), education, and telemedicine. Representation of medical knowledge and language (i.e., terminology, indexing, disease taxonomies), central for information retrieval and decision support.
|6. Tools to support research and practice: signal processing, imaging and visualization, computational modeling.
|Signal processing biophysics-oriented. Three-dimensional graphic visualization of molecular structures for scientific research. Image analysis of functional data and network modeling and simulation.
|Signal, image processing, and computational modeling bioengineering-oriented. Three-dimensional visualization of radiologic, histologic, other imaging for clinical and educational use. Related to clinically useful (logic, coding, text, and graphics) knowledge representations and systems architectures.
|7. Professional and health consumer education.
|Widely available tools for scientific data analysis. Prevention and personalized diagnosis and treatment seen as future promises.
|Widely available Web sites, multimedia tools for accessing wide range of biomedical information, analysis tools less widely disseminated.
|8. Education and training of MI and BI professionals: role as scientists, engineers, and information brokers.
|Recent creation of training programs, rapidly expanding.
|Training programs from the 1970s, firmly consolidated—much interdisciplinary experience.
Development of MI and BI as Academic Informatics Disciplines
Even before the introduction of computers into medical settings and biology laboratories, one can note some interesting differences between MI's and BI's underlying fields of study. Cybernetics, information theory, and automata theory, emerging in the 1940s and 1950s, introduced ideas critical to the foundations of computer science (CS) and informatics, which usually is taken to embrace CS, information technology (IT), and the information/library sciences more generally. Pioneers such as Wiener, Shannon, and von Neumann, were involved in the study of biological issues and contributed to the thinking that led to breaking the genetic code.36 Cryptographers were also involved in these efforts, using computers to carry out complex calculations to check the feasibility of theoretical proposals for the genetic code, which, while not directly successful, introduced a set of concepts and metaphors into genetics, such as "information," "message," and "code," which were decisive in establishing the centrality of information in genetics through the central dogma of molecular biology.37 The practice of medicine, in contrast, had fewer connections with these or other "preinformatics" disciplines such as mathematics, statistics, and linguistics, with exceptions involving mathematical modeling in neurology and immunology and statistical analyses of radiologic images.38–40
When MI developed as an academic field in the late 1960s and early 1970s, it concentrated more on practical issues of clinical documentation, information systems, and technology in which computers had been introduced to increase productivity of medical processes41,42 more than for basic biology studies. Scientific inquiry did, nevertheless, provide a focus for work on medical knowledge representation and language understanding, implemented in software as pioneering statistical and artificial intelligence (AI) consultation and decision support systems of the 1960s and 1970s. It also led to foundational work on terminologies, coding, medical records, and indexing for Medline, since carried forward through the Unified Medical Language System29 and related research. It has been said that many MI pioneers arrived to the field by chance, because they were working on issues related to specific informational needs in various clinical settings,42 although complemented by academic specialists from linguistics, mathematics, computer science, engineering, and other disciplines.41,42
Bioinformatics experienced a more gradual development evolving from the individual efforts of researchers who helped analyze early deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein sequence data and, later, the macromolecular structural and functional data needed for genomic discovery. BI was able to build on work in computational biology involving a large number of mathematically oriented investigators and theoreticians.43 When BI emerged in the 1990s, many of its practitioners had already been working on traditional scientific tasks for which informatics methods and software became a practical means to an end, rather than being the primary focus, as in MI.
Scientific Content and Informatics Goals of MI and BI
While this topic has already been introduced above in contrasting the academic disciplines, it can be made more specific with the following observations. Biology has been transformed from a largely descriptive science to one grounded scientifically on theories and principles such as Darwin's theory of evolution, Mendel's laws, the central dogma of molecular biology, and the structure of DNA and its functions within cells and their anatomic, organismal, and environmental contexts. BI has emerged as the computational driving engine behind the analysis of massive data that support discovery science in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the other biological "-omic" subfields. It is not surprising then, that BI is predominantly oriented to the support of research.
It is said often that the field of medicine is as much art as science.44 Although the field of medicine as a whole has seen dramatic advances in its scientific base during the last century (and last decades in particular), its focus on the management of individual patients means that it has yet to find a unified scientific framework for interpreting the great variety of evidence that such clinical practice entails. The large number of proposed paradigms for medicine—evidence-based medicine,45 molecular medicine,46 telemedicine,47 economic medicine,48 technology-driven care,49 and many others—illustrates the heterogeneity of scientific assumptions underpinning its different technologies, which advance unpredictably based on opportunities for improving the quality of individual patient care and, increasingly, containing their costs. The lack of unified theories in medicine may have also contributed to the extreme diversity of directions within MI, with very different subfields emphasizing medical practice, research, and educational applications. The area of informatics itself also covers a wide diversity of technologies and scientific approaches on how to model, represent, and manage information computationally, and there is as yet no unified underlying scientific theory for it any more than there is for medicine. MI's emphasis on understanding and developing practical medical information systems, thus, gets a double dose of breadth and diversity.
Data Quality and Analysis: Noise and Uncertainty
Medical data sets frequently are partial, noisy, and difficult to reproduce because of individual variability and the subjective nature of many clinical observations. Underlying medical knowledge often is uncertain, as shown in many MI studies of medical decision making.21–25 While biological data share, to a large measure, in all the above problems, they typically are gathered under more controlled conditions as the result of carefully designed experiments based on specific models of instrumentation, observation, and controllable replication.
In medicine, factors beyond the physiologic—e.g., psychological/cognitive, socioeconomic, ethical, geographical, environmental—introduce variables that are difficult to define and measure in clinical contexts. The very large range of variation in such factors, coupled with the fundamentally different reasoning problems18 involved in treating individual patients, may explain why many MI systems, such as decision support programs, frequently fail to generate similar or reproducible outcomes outside their institution of origin. Research in biology—and BI—has been laboratory centered with its own sources of variation, but these are more clearly differentiated according to whether they are "in vivo," "in vitro," or "in silico," all recognized as generating different qualities of data, having differing levels of experimental control, and answering different types of questions with various degrees of evidential support.50
Integration of Data and Knowledge—Networks, Databases, Interoperability, and Information Retrieval
Medical informatics has made substantial contributions to data documentation, integration, and networking through the development of standards, medical terminologies, and coding systems (e.g., UMLS, SNOMED, HL7, MeSH) that have laid the foundation for research on data models and facilitated the interoperability of data and programs across heterogeneous computing platforms and systems. However, most clinical databases usually are special-purpose, restricted in access or private, and frequently not interconnected with other databases or the Web. Patient data are rarely freely exchanged and must be protected (usually a legal requirement) by security and confidentiality technologies and protocols. Despite this, a number of pioneering medical informatics projects have analyzed large clinical databases and used them to study patterns of longitudinal manifestations, tests, and treatments,26,27 and these have contributed to our understanding of medical data structures and analytical methodologies. More recently, medical informaticians have been in the forefront of developing ontology-building tools such as PROTÉGÉ,51 computerizing the major text on genetic components of disease52 and developing a highly detailed computational model for medical knowledge needed for the interpretation of increasingly complex and informative imaging modalities—the Foundational Model of Anatomy.53
Bioinformatics, in contrast, has only recently begun to work on developing ontologies, e.g., gene ontology (GO),54 and related initiatives. The collaborative efforts carried out within the HGP enhanced the exchange of genomic information as a means for accelerating research. Bioinformaticians have built databases for a variety of sequence, structure, and functional data,31 facilitating research efforts in genomics, proteomics, and all the other developing "-omic" technologies.
Given the shared concerns of genetics and medicine in understanding the mechanisms of organismal health and disease and their respective informatics methods and systems in BI and MI, one might expect that many standards, coding systems, and ontologies will have to be shared and updated jointly in the future. A case in point is the project in Iceland that is gathering genomic data from a largely genetically circumscribed population. Genomic data from such a controlled group of people should provide significant insight into relationships between genomic and phenotypic information. Researchers expect that this kind of analysis will yield new knowledge about the causes of various diseases and alternative therapeutic approaches.55,56
While this kind of work raises expectations, it also presents a serious challenge for molecular epidemiology, given the different types of data gathered under uncontrolled conditions and merged retrospectively in the database.
Tools to Support Medical Practice
Medical informatics professionals have engaged in many long-term efforts to develop systems for patient care, the management of hospital and other medical information,14,15,23 and its communication through telemedicine. Major concerns have been with practical issues of developing and understanding these systems and helping improve quality of care. They also contributed to develop the field of knowledge engineering, in which MI researchers did not intend to simulate human problem solving in a formal way57 but were able to capture expert reasoning heuristics with systems such as MYCIN,22 DIALOG24 (later INTERNIST-I), CASNET,21 and PIP,25 which introduced novel approaches to manage medical uncertainty using rule-based causal, hierarchical, and frame-based knowledge extracted from expert clinicians in their respective fields. AI approaches to scientific discovery in genomics seem to show other differences between MI and BI.58 While medical informaticians have had scientific goals of understanding how to model expert knowledge about individual decision-making practice and represent it in computer systems, they generally built practical applications that empirically supported their design hypotheses about both medical reasoning and related software engineering.
Work on digital medical libraries and the development of many reference texts and databases of biomedical information online following the pioneering example of Medline have revolutionized the routine way in which people can access and directly make use of the biomedical literature. Availability of OMIM online, the database for genetic causes of disease, provides one example of a bridge to research. Yet, connection to individual patient data is still almost entirely human-mediated. Search tools over the Web are increasingly sophisticated but still limited in their retrieval performance from text and even more so from image content.
BI has only recently become concerned with medical practice problems, as microarray gene expression data become increasingly available for incorporation into the medical record. Concerns about potential misuse of genetic data emphasize the importance of developing new combined BMI methods for ensuring their confidentiality without losing the opportunities for learning about genetic components of diseases through the aggregation of anonymized data.
Tools for Research and Practice: Signal, Image Processing, Visualization, Computational Modeling
Signal and image processing and analysis techniques have been used in MI and BI for many decades. From the perspective of methods and software techniques, no great differences exist between the disciplines, although BI has been closer to biophysical/chemical models of signal processing and analysis, while MI has been closer to the applied, biomedical engineering approaches to analysis and instrument/systems design. These involve devices such as electrocardiography, electroencephalography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging together with the informatics tools for signal analysis and decision support that are in routine use in most advanced clinical settings.
In BI, graphics modeling has been used widely for analyzing protein structures and building three-dimensional models of molecules. The objective of this research is focused on scientific inquiry, to understand better the connection of macromolecular structure and function. Once the structure of molecules or proteins were reconstructed in three dimensions, researchers can anticipate more precisely the functions of a molecule, which also is essential for drug discovery and design. In MI, different types of goals have predominated: two-dimensional and three-dimensional image analysis and reconstruction of images for diagnostic and treatment planning, and three-dimensional modeling (and virtual reality methods) for medical training and surgical simulation. Computational modeling of disease processes has been carried out in the context of consultation and decision-support systems and for qualitative description and explanation.59,60
Bioinformatics approaches may contribute new insights for MI research in computational modeling and analysis, while MI may contribute to advance research in medicine by building three-dimensional anatomic models that can be linked to specific functions and physiologic processes.
Professional and Patient Continuing Education
In contrast to MI professionals, those in BI have less occasion for teaching physicians or patients their informatics craft. While BI professionals may become involved in developing future health prevention and personalized therapy plans, these are rarely ready for deployment beyond the laboratory today.
One of the fundamental challenges for genomics to succeed in achieving significant results in medicine is to educate health practitioners, e.g., physicians and nurses, on its foundations and methods. Physicians will not easily change their reasoning approaches to think in terms of genetic and genomic information, and BI and MI should collaborate to develop methods to enhance this shift in clinical practice. Informatics tools may help by embedding the knowledge representation and problem-solving methods needed to better manage and combine genomic and clinical information. MI and BI developers can facilitate a shift from current practice to genomic medicine by creating user-friendly interfaces and advice systems that facilitate clinicians' work.
However, the fundamental challenge is to discover the essential new knowledge about natural and treated courses of illnesses for such technologies to be widely adopted. Such knowledge is centered around the elucidation of the connections between genotypes and phenotypes and the modeling of diseases by mathematical, logical, and semantic relationships that will provide both the ensemble predictive and explanatory power needed for scientific discovery. It also will provide some new type of prediction needed to make wise individual choices in a complex world of relationships between individuals at the cellular, organ, and whole organism levels and their multifaceted group and role memberships. Past experience suggests this is more likely to come from new observational/data sources, combined with powerful visualization and representation methods that make clinical significance direct and utility obvious and necessary. Informaticians who are also strong biomedical scientists—or biomedical scientists who are also strong informaticians—will be needed. Hybrids of both sorts are few, given the vast amount of knowledge that needs to be mastered, and this is the challenge that faces those involved in education in this new interdisciplinarity, as we discuss next.
BI and MI Education and Training
Given the professional differences that have evolved over time and the relatively small overlap of the MI and BI research communities, it is doubtful that a merging of the disciplines will happen easily or in the short term. Yet, a productive area of mixing and interchange may likely emerge even as they preserve their independence. Programs in biomedical informatics such as those at Stanford and Columbia involve common components with concentrations in either MI or BI. Because MI and BI often involve significant differences in background, specialization, and cognitive reasoning style in those who gravitate to and become successful in the two fields, only time will tell what types of combined programs will prove effective in providing good training for future leaders in MI and BI separately or the newly merged BMI discipline.
Cognitive studies of clinical reasoning have advanced over the past decade, but general models for describing it adequately have yet to emerge,61 and MI decision support systems are mainly empirically justified. In contrast, modern (postdescriptive) biologists appear to reason in a much more focused way based on scientifically grounded principles of molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary theory, although they must also bring to bear considerable numbers of heuristics for each domain and type of problem.
In general, biologists have been exacting customers for computer applications, being usually directly involved in the efforts to develop the informatics tools that serve their needs of scientific discovery62 and, as such, more conscious of the need for specifications, data models, and software evaluation criteria. In contrast, physicians, on the whole, still tend to avoid analytical and computational methods and experience, which suggests that independent MI expertise will continue to be needed for developing informatics tools for future genomic-based medicine. MI and BI professionals need to be aware of these differences to systematize the development of informatics systems for medicine and biology.
Developing a Joint Biomedical Informatics Strategy: Toward "-omic" Medicine Based on Systems Biology and Informatics
Medical informatics and bioinformatics professionals have both made (separately) significant research contributions in areas such as knowledge-based systems, database design, data mining, sequence and structure analysis, and image processing.
There are similarities between the fields that bear more exploration. Through our analysis we have seen the potential that both disciplines pose for interaction. Not only do they share many interests, methods, and tools, but each also presents complementary needs and opportunities to the other. The following is a brief analysis exploring the possibilities of synergistic interactions between MI and BI based on their contributions and strengths in differing subfields of research and practice.
Figure 1 illustrates a graphic metaphor of these potential interactions. It represents the relative strengths of BI and MI in dealing with biological foundations to expertise in building practical medical and more general (consumer Web-based, telemedicine) health care applications. It reflects how MI (on the right side), has historically emphasized the medical/health care system's design and implementation shown in the uppermost stratum of the diagram, leading to considerable development of biomedical informatics software over the last 30 to 40 years. The large arrow pointing from the MI right side to the BI left side of the diagram indicates how this experience might provide a net flow of useful experience, techniques, and methods to BI researchers as they move toward medical applications of gene expression and other array data. In contrast, BI, which is closer to the biological foundations (especially at the molecular and cellular levels) than MI, is represented with a larger area at the bottom-most stratum. Here, the large arrow going from left to right shows how MI might benefit from a net flow of experience and methods from BI at these foundational and biological analysis levels.
At the central stratum of informatics methods we have indicated how the exchange of methods, experience, and approaches is more balanced, with arrows of smaller size pointing in each direction toward the zone of potential synergies, which goes down the central diagonal of the diagram. We have deliberately placed the arrows at the boundaries between strata to illustrate some of the nuances of the situation. BI tends to use more mathematical and informatics models currently, while MI tends to be centered on clinical informatics with a predominance of systems, software, and knowledge engineering approaches. The lightly outlined oval superimposed on the central part of the figure represents the potential for competition, focused on the central stratum of informatics methods, which currently tend to be different in both goals and techniques between MI and BI.
Figure 1 conveys some current opportunities for synergy along the diagonal zone where BI and MI interact. These can lead to fusion within the joint discipline of biomedical informatics (BMI) if the complementarities and opportunities for synergy win out, or continued separation of the disciplines if the contrasts and competitive pressures predominate, as we discuss next.
The compare-and-contrast summary of disciplinary features of MI and BI given in Table 1 has led us to an analysis suggesting that differences between the disciplines are based on differing historical development, scientific content, and informatics goals. We have argued that the features of both disciplines are directly linked to the characteristics of their underlying fields of application: medicine and biology.11 Emphasis in MI has been more technological or engineering like and focused on medical practice, although many efforts (largely academic) have also been devoted to biomedical research activities. Meanwhile, BI has focused on building applications for supporting scientific research. From these historical and scientific viewpoints, both disciplines have grown separately.
In contraposition, there also are many areas in which similar objectives and complementarities raise opportunities for interaction and exchange between the disciplines. For instance, many efforts in database integration, information retrieval, standards, ontologies, decision support, multimedia tools, medical records, data mining, user interfaces, or image processing in both MI and BI could be shared and exchanged between the two disciplines. The most important collaboration will be to transfer some of the lessons learned by the professionals of both disciplines in decades of work in many applications and projects to novel BI–MI approaches to genomic-based medicine. In this way, MI can benefit from BI in its experience with problems of scientific inquiry, while MI can benefit BI with its expertise in developing informatics methods and tools for solving medical problems.
For a significant shift to occur in medicine, based on genomics, dramatic changes will have to take place in the methodologic and cognitive approaches to clinical care. As mentioned above, it is difficult to foresee a rapid and smooth shift taking place in medicine without the contribution of radically new perspectives. Informatics methods and tools, coming from both MI and BI, will contribute to and make possible this new vision and practice of biomedicine.


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Maddow, Dorris. Discussion. The Jewish Social Service Quarterly. Jewish Communal Service Association of North America (JCSA),National Conference of Jewish Social Service. May 1934: 43-44. http://www.bjpa.org/Publications/details.cfm?PublicationID=13276
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GW Men's Rowing's Anderson Wins Gold Medal at World Rowing Championships
Anderson Wins Gold for Canada; Tewskbury-Volpe Impresses for United States
94 Student-Athletes Among Over 6,000 GW Graduates in 2014
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Duo Join Kasey Colander in International Rowing This Summer
Under-23/Club: Since joining the Colonials in 2010, Trofym still travels home to Canada in the summer's where he is now a member of Ridley Graduate Boat Club. In 2012 Trofym and his crew won the Senior Quad (4x) at Canadian Henley. In 2013, following a successful collegiate season at IRA's, Trofym was selected to Canada's Under-23 National Team. Racing in the Men's Coxed Four (4+), his crew finished 5th in the world at the 2013 World Rowing Under-23 Championships in Linz, Austria.
Personal: Born Trofym Anderson on July, 3rd, 1992 to parents Robert and Belinda Anderson. Trofym is enrolled in GW School of Business and concentrates in Sports Management and International Business with dreams of not only competing at the Olympic level but to one day work with the International Olympic Committee.
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Susan Boyd blogs on USYouthSoccer.org every Monday. A dedicated mother and wife, Susan offers a truly unique perspective into the world of a "Soccer Mom."
Opinions expressed on the US Youth Soccer Blog are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the positions of US Youth Soccer.
Sports Complex
Tuesday, March 10, 2009
Susan Boyd
My three year old granddaughter plays shy around everyone, but put on some Little Richard and the girl goes wild. She bobs, weaves, claps, hops, twists, and twirls. Every inhibition she showed moments before melts away in the pounding piano chords and wails of the music. The girl can't help herself. This need to move about and use our bodies begins prenatal. Every mother and father knows about the kicks and rustles of their child in the womb. Some swear babies react to music and activity before birth. Once released into the world, babies definitely love to flail their limbs about.
So sports are a natural outlet for children. Tumbling tops the charts for the really young, but several team sports are now available for children as young as three. Parents, fearing they might miss a window of opportunity for their budding athletes, rush to get them into as many sports as possible. Adding to the pressure to do it all are TV programs which highlight precocious youngsters who golf with pros at age five or play junior national tennis at eight. However, the majority of kids are playing sports for which they have no idea of the rules or even that games are governed by rules. Either they or their parents or both just like the activity.
Youth sports are a booming business increasing every year as more and more kids and parents clamor for a wide variety of options. Over 41 million kids are involved in youth sports with many of those playing multiple sports. Lacrosse has increased from 82,000 players in 2001 to 204,000 players in 2005. USA Hockey has 350,000 members. Little League has close to 2.2 million players. US Youth Soccer registers 3.2 million players a year and CNN reports that the total number of youth soccer players may be as high as 17 million! Add the kids participating in recreational sports such as skateboarding, skiing, and bicycling and the numbers explode.
There was a time when play meant "Go outside until dinner." This unstructured play allows kids room for imagination and for taking pride in their own undirected accomplishments. After building a deck onto our house we had a huge collection of odds and ends of wood, nails, chicken wire, brackets, and metal. We became the hardware store for the neighborhood. Kids would come into our garage and pull out materials for building skateboard ramps, hideouts, and boxes to capture insects and frogs. Projects in various states of completion filled our courtyard and provided hours of intense involvement. Then there was the day we got a huge box with some delicate china pieces wrapped in literally miles of bubble wrap. The kids ended up laying the wrap out on the road and riding their bikes over it making the most amazing music out of snap, crackle, and pop. Those experiences have their place building memories and developing reasoning and discovery skills.
However more and more we are shifting to organized sports as parents feel the peer pressure to ride the youth sports wave. We fear our kids will miss out on popularity or being part of the group if they aren't in every conceivable sport available. We need to be careful not to transfer that pressure to our kids by over scheduling. Kids end up facing conflicting practices and games and the rush to do it all. The best lesson we can give our children is that of fully completing a commitment. Letting kids miss a practice for one sport so they can play in a game of another sport teaches them that they are above the team and their needs come first. That's the exact opposite of the principles kids should be learning from sports. And let's face it, most of our tiny athletes won't turn out to be sports celebrities, but we do want them to grow up to be honorable human beings. We need to be reinforcing the idea of teamwork, commitment, making choices, and respecting rules and leaders while giving kids the room to have down time.
Balancing multiple spots is possible if you use the seasons to subdivide and conquer. Kids can play soccer in the spring and football in the fall. Or do soccer in the fall, basketball in the winter, and baseball in the spring. It's our job to keep track of what conflicts exist and guide them to decide which sport they will choose for the season, but make it clear they can't do them all at once. Indulging them sends the wrong message and leads to huge headaches later when the conflicts can't be resolved. Sports for kids under 12 should be primarily for exercise, giving them a taste of possibilities, and for learning the life lessons that sports offer.
Most doctors and physical therapists will support keeping a variety of sports in a child's life for as long as possible. The argument is that specialization too early will result in repetition injuries and uneven body development during the growing years. While I agree with the physical reasons not to specialize, I really think the best argument is that kids need experiences to enrich their lives and lay a strong foundation for future decisions. Every sport opens the door to new friends and new ideas. I'm a soccer junkie, and I wish all my grandkids would eventually select soccer as a sport they wish to continue into adolescence, but I'm also a realist. Not every kid is an athlete and not every athlete has the same strengths and interests. Even multi-sport athletes, who are few and far between, have one sport in which they excel even if they have strong abilities in other sports. No child can discover what part of her body responds best athletically and how her body will grow until she's much older. Tennis has a different skill set and body type than football, so kids need to complete their development before being able to wisely select a personal sport. Until then, they should try out as many sports as scheduling and finances allow.
Parents need to also accept that sports may not be the arena where their child's talents shine. Not doing well at sports doesn't mean the child is a failure. Unfortunately we have a "jock" culture which places athletes on a more visible if not higher pedestal than those who achieve in the arts or the sciences. Not many kids want to wear an "Einstein" endorsed button-down shirt, while every third child sports a Bret Favre jersey. Yet we have to keep in mind that lack of public adulation doesn't diminish the accomplishments and contributions non-athletes make to our lives. There's an art culture out there and a math culture and any number of other cultures which our children can join. We would do well to challenge our players with those opportunities also. Pick a season to do pottery classes or go to science camp.
It all comes down to providing the widest possible range of experiences we can for our kids. Sports should be a portion of that range but not overtake it. In reality most kids will not pursue sports into high school and even fewer will continue beyond high school. But sports will provide the foundation for good health and strong bodies. Sports can offer an outlet for the rest of our lives. So we should give kids several options in their early years. We should temper it all with free time and other pursuits. We don't want to give any kid a complex from sports; instead we want to give them the intellectual and motivational skills to someday design and build a sports complex.
Be Careful
Monday, March 02, 2009
Susan Boyd
My wise grandmother used to say, "Be careful what you wish for." I had plenty of examples where the adage proved appropriate throughout my life. When I grew to 5' 8" in the third grade, my wish to be tall seemed ill-considered. My desire to have long hair had a tragic outcome when I fell asleep chewing a wad of bubble gum. Begging my dad to bring home the cat who had wandered into our campsite on Vashon Island looked like a major victory until she insisted on giving birth to a litter of kittens twice a year in my bed. So when our soccer club had a meeting about traveling tournaments, I thought it would be a fun family activity and enthusiastically voted to let the Under-10 teams be part of the planning without considering the consequences.
I still say that my initial support of the plan had a reasoned argument and plenty of support from other parents. But few of us had the benefit of hindsight and those who did were considered wet blankets for dissenting. Ah, what a difference five years makes. If I had it all to do over again, I would have socked away the cost of those traveling events until Bryce and Robbie reached Under-15. I would have had a great start on a college fund or the opportunity to pay for a flight on Richard Branson's out of the atmosphere rocket ship in 2011. In their place I do have some great memories, lots of miles on the van, and a detailed personal knowledge of most Midwest cities over 50,000 in population.
The temptation to rush into traveling for soccer locks on to our sensibilities early. We watch the older teams planning so eagerly for those traveling tournaments and we want our kids to have the same opportunity. The argument could be made that tournaments provide increased competition. But there are tournaments close enough to home that will fit the bill and don't require hotel rooms and plane tickets. That exotic allure of spending a three day weekend in Evansville or Dayton quickly fizzles under the logistics of making those trips. Family togetherness flies out the window when the daughter is playing in Collinsville and the son has a band concert at home. While most families are willing to take on a foster kid or two on these trips, it still means a weekend without sharing the experience.
Sometimes the strain of missing local activities can make a child decide to quit soccer. Kids might miss the 7
grade dance or Easter with the cousins in order to attend tournaments. Not many 12 year olds enjoy making tough life decisions before they reach full puberty. While all commitments do require some sacrifice, there really isn't a reason for kids to sacrifice their social life and parents to sacrifice their money before the player reaches age 15.
For the sake of sanity, I encourage most soccer teams to forego the long-distance tournaments for local events (less than a three hour drive). That allows families to drive back and forth and save the cost of hotels. Kids can still enjoy their social life, families can still spend time together even with multiple commitments, and everyone can ease into the constraints of travel. Slowing down allows players to find out if they want to give up entire weekends just for soccer. Once a team reaches Under-15, then players have usually decided to take the challenge of select soccer seriously. Therefore players need to start being noticed by college coaches. The time has then come to take off the floaters, abandon the shallow end, and immerse fully. Now the travel makes full sense.
I have seen tournaments with divisions down to Under-8. While I applaud the diversity, I also encourage moderation. If the Under-8 tournament is close enough to home, why not give it a try. Players can embrace the one shining positive we have taken from all our tournaments and that is enlarging our circle of soccer friends. Over the years we've had the chance to watch players grow alongside our sons and enjoyed catching up on the sidelines with the parents. But traveling for traveling sake doesn't up the ante for skill development, player growth, or competition. Teams training daily for two to three hours would have more impact on player development than attending three or four traveling tournaments in a year.
One of the arguments about soccer has been that it has become too expensive. Yet the real expense of soccer ends up being the long trips teams make. No one needs classy expensive uniforms, they can train on community fields, and league fees are usually insignificant when split among all members. Coaching makes up the remaining and biggest expense, but players do get the biggest bang for their buck. For whatever it costs to attend a distant tournament players could get ten or fifteen hours of private coaching. Split that among a team and it translates to fifteen to eighteen times as much coaching. So the true advantage of a tournament is the opportunity to be exposed to college coaches and to the highest levels of competition. Those two goals are both admirable and necessary, but not until a player is older.
Although my grandmother never saw a soccer game in her life, her sage advice rings true for any soccer family. Measure your wishes by the true benefit. Don't be afraid to proceed slowly when it comes to upping the ante for your child's participation. You can't go wrong wishing the best for your child, just be sure that what you wish for is the best for them.
Monday, March 02, 2009
Sam Snow
I've been travelling consistently since the first of 2009 to a variety of soccer events. I've been to Orlando, Florida; Antalya, Turkey; St. Louis, Missouri; Greensboro, North Carolina; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Anchorage, Alaska; Pomona, California; Los Angles, California; Warwick, Rhode Island and now I'm on my way to San Jose, California, for the 2009 US Youth Soccer adidas Workshop.
One of the things I have noticed in these travels is the shared passion for soccer of the many people I meet. They all are committed to the game, but not just the game, instead the people in it. While everyone in soccer across the world has their differences with one another the majority truly care about the people in the game.
I have noticed too that many folks are sure that somehow they and their situation are different when in fact they are all the same. Regularly, I hear soccer folks say to me things such as - Well coach, you have to understand that around here our parents are really competitive and they just don't like the idea of not keeping score for their six-year-old. It is an eye-opener for them to hear that everyone in youth soccer in the USA says the same thing. When I tell them that some get it and others are still convinced they are somehow different. The only difference in American youth soccer circumstances is the size of the state and occasionally the accent. Otherwise we are all in the same youth soccer boat with similar successes and challenges.
We must break down the silos that we have built up around us and build one huge team that is soccer in America. It doesn't matter what your role is in the game you are part of the team. Every team member has something to contribute and every team member should be respected for their contribution. All aspects of the game are interlocked like the Olympic rings. You may be in one of the rings furthest from the opposite end, but you are still interlocked. Soccer in our nation still has many hurdles to overcome and we must not be hurdles to one another or create our own hurdles. So let's begin in 2009 to tear down the silos and build our team.
A Safe Bet
Monday, February 23, 2009
Susan Boyd
A Safe Bet
I don't usually tempt fate. I change my oil every 3,000 miles, I buy travel insurance, I never step on cracks. But sometimes fate doesn't require tempting; it just appears. Robbie had a tournament this past weekend in Las Vegas so we had to travel on Friday the 13
. When we checked into the hotel we were given rooms on the 13
floor. If I was a gambling person I probably should have bet big, but I'm not. Like I said, I don't tempt fate.
Las Vegas didn't cooperate on the weather. Even a contingent of Wisconsinites resorted to hats, gloves, and winter coats. Nevertheless it was a pleasure to finally watch the boys play outdoors for the first time in three months. Watching the players laugh, run, and jostle reminded me of young colts let out of the stable for the first time. Their energy is boundless.
Despite the fact that the tournament included only Under-15 through Under-19 boys and girls, young players crowded the sidelines and empty green spaces with impromptu play. Some of those dribbling the ball had just learned to walk, yet they showed great finesse streaking between the fields. Three of my grandchildren live in Vegas, so they came to watch. Even though they have had limited exposure to soccer, within minutes of me pulling out a size 3 ball from my bag, they were dribbling and passing like the three, five, and eight year old pros they had suddenly become. The generosity of inclusion quickly follows as other kids in the area join in.
I don't know if my Vegas grandchildren will end up playing soccer like their uncles. But I like the fact that they find the same joy and exercise in the sport for the time being. I'm resigned that my oldest grandson in Ohio will probably be a baseball player, though there's still hope for his younger sibling who seems to love soccer. What I do want to see happen is that all of them participate in some sport. It's unlikely that they will all end up playing through high school. Despite some natural athleticism, they also need the passion for the sport. Their passions may end up being music, or art, or science. Nevertheless, I hope they all participate in sports in their youngest years.
Watching what I call "run and screech" time with the kids, I recognize the benefits that organized sports offer. While kids can benefit from unstructured activities on occasion, they gain other significant benefits from structured exercise. Playing on a team or even doing an individual sport teaches kids the discipline of commitment, the humility of defeat, and the pride of victory. Kids learn to listen to instruction, to watch themselves improve, and to set goals for future successes. Sports provide good health. Sports also provide one outlet for parental support and praise.
I also saw how kids' enthusiasm can be quashed quickly. Two boys about five and six were kicking around the soccer ball behind me before one of the games. The boys were inventing games to play such as "stand on the ball and pop it out" and "dribble backwards." They were definitely enjoying their unstructured "run and screech" time, when Dad intervened by insisting they play by the rules. He spent a great deal of time organizing the two of them to face one another in combat with goals laid out on the grass between chairs and coats. Like a leak in a balloon, the enthusiasm seeped out leaving two deflated young players suddenly laboring rather than cavorting. With the best of intentions parents hope for the perfection of greatness, but it's the imperfect moments that often provide the most fun and the greatest growth. While sports can demand refinement of skills, sports for youngsters should emphasize participation, joy, and broader rewards such as good health and sportsmanship. Parents can relax knowing that their responsibility isn't to teach. They just need to provide the opportunity and cheer from the sidelines. If a sport becomes a passion, that passion grows in the child internally and can be nurtured later.
If I were a betting woman, I'd bet that most of the kids, both young and old, on those fields will never end up playing soccer past high school if even that long. I would also bet that most of the kids, if left to their own devices, will remember their soccer days fondly. The absolute benefit of youth soccer unfolds in the unbridled moments on the field when the players just enjoy one another and the play. Remembering that in any pursuit only a very few will arrive at the pinnacle of success means recognizing that for most the pursuit should be fun, low in pressure, and contribute to a player's sense of self-worth. If we melt away all the elite programs and just focus on the majority of players in youth soccer who participate because they want to be part of a team, want to taste some victory, want to have some exercise, and want to enjoy a family experience, then I bet we can all appreciate the true value of youth sports. It's a winning bet. Remember, I don't like to tempt fate.


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Walter Mazzarri was not happy with Napoli's Manchester draw. "There are regrets, as we probably deserved a second goal."
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