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Over the past few years molecular assays have been introduced to aid in typing and grading of gliomas. This is the result of improved understanding of these tumors at the molecular level. In particular, the presence or absence of combined 1p/19 loss in oligodendroglial tumors, epidermal growth factor receptor amplification, epidermal growth factor receptor vIII mutations in grade III tumors and glioblastoma multiforme, and MGMT promoter gene methylation in glioblastoma multiforme are now being used to tailor treatment decisions in patients. However, the application of these tests is far from straightforward, and certain standards are required before any test can be introduced in the daily management of patients. Some of these requirements concern inter- and intratest variability, including whether a test gives the same results if repeated in the same or in another laboratory or when different methodologies are used (e.g. loss of heterozygosity vs fluorescence in situ hybridization and a polymerase chain reaction-based test vs immunohistochemistry). The sensitivity and specificity of a test (or negative and positive predictive value) indicate the likelihood that the test results are positive if the disease is present and the likelihood that the disease is present if the test results are positive. Studies on these test characteristics usually require the presence of a gold standard to which new tests should be compared. Last but not least there is the question of what added value the test has; this criterion determines the clinical usefulness of the assay and why some recently introduced molecular assays need to be scrutinized.
Any marker of a disease can help identify the disease or help establish the prognosis of an individual patient. With respect to prognostic tests it is important to make a distinction between markers of prognostic and predictive significance. Prognostic significance refers to the presence of a relation between the overall outcome of the patient and the test result, regardless of treatment. In contrast, predictive significance implies that a test predicts the outcome after a specific treatment: the relationship between overall outcome and the test result exists only after a specific treatment. For instance, the presence of a high lactate dehydrogenase count confers a poor prognosis to patients with lymphoma: elevated lactate dehydrogenase has prognostic significance. Treatment with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab improves the outcome only in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma expressing the CD20 receptor. Therefore, for treatment with rituximab, an assay for CD20 has predictive significance. An ideal predictive marker should allow selection of patients for a certain therapy, which would be useless in the absence of that test result.
Regardless of the predictive test used to select patients for specific treatments, the assay needs to be reliable in terms of intra- and intertest variability and sensitive and predictive for outcome as to result of that treatment. Here, sensitivity may be more important than specificity: a test can be very specific, but if it misses most of the cases it becomes useless in daily practice. Admittedly, any test that has too many false-positive results fails its purpose, but in general most clinicians would rather treat some patients in whom the treatment will fail than withhold an active treatment in patients on the basis of an insensitive test (i.e. "better safe than sorry").
Currently, patients with gliomas are treated with a varying combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. In addition, a number of novel targeted agents that will only work if their specific (molecular) target is present are entering the clinical arena. In this article we review the predictive and prognostic properties of 3 molecular markers that are currently used to select specific treatments for patients.
The Usefulness of 1P/19Q Determination for the Daily Management of Patients
The classification and grading of glial tumors is based primarily on histologic criteria, usually the World Health Organization criteria. The most common glial tumors are astrocytic tumors, oligodendroglioma, and mixed oligoastrocytoma. Although the clinical value of using the World Health Organization-based diagnoses was proven in various studies, it was also shown that a considerable interobserver disagreement exists with respect to tumor typing and grading, particularly in the diagnosis of grade II and grade III tumors (1-3). In the past this disagreement had little therapeutic implication because the treatment options for these tumors were more or less the same (i.e. surgery, RT, and chemotherapy). However, this situation changed with the demonstration of the sensitivity of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas to PCV (i.e. procarbazine, lomustine [CCNU], and vincristine) chemotherapy, with two-thirds of patients responding to the treatment (4). Both before and after treatment, an increase in the percentage of glial tumors that were considered to be of oligodendroglial lineage was noted, together with a loosening of the histologic criteria for oligodendroglioma (5,6).
At the same time, genetic analysis of oligodendroglioma revealed that the combination of loss of the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 19 caused by an unbalanced translocation of 19p to 1q is the most frequent genetic event in oligodendroglioma (7-9). The first indication of clinical relevance of 1p/19q loss was the finding that low-grade oligoastrocytomas had either TP53 mutations or combined 1p/19q loss but not both (10). This finding suggested that true mixed low-grade oligoastrocytomas do not exist, but at the molecular level these tumors are either oligodendrogliomas (1p/19q loss) or astrocytomas (TP53 mutation). These observations also did not have therapeutic implications, but the situation changed when correlative studies showed a strong association with 1p/19q loss and response to PCV chemotherapy, with virtually all patients with a 1p/19q co-deletion responding to the treatment (11,12). In contrast, the response rate for patients with no loss or 1p loss only was 25% or less. There is now an abundance of data confirming the relation between 1p/19q status and response to chemotherapy, not only to PCV but also to temozolomide (TMZ), which is not limited to anaplastic tumors only but applies to low-grade oligodendrogliomas as well (13-16).
Other studies showed that combined 1p/19q loss is usually found in classic oligodendroglioma and is much less frequent in atypical oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytoma (17). Because several studies have suggested a stronger correlation between response to chemotherapy and 1p/19q status compared with histology, the determination of 1p/19q loss appears to be a better way to identify chemosensitive oligodendroglioma (11,12). An important consequence of these findings was the return to more stringent criteria for the histologic diagnosis of oligodendroglioma and testing for the 1p/19q status to establish the diagnosis of "chemotherapy-sensitive oligodendroglioma." Currently, treatment decisions in oligodendrogliomas are increasingly based on the absence or presence of 1p/19q loss. Despite the absence of a formal trial that justifies this change, an increasing number of clinicians are now inclined to use chemotherapy for tumors with combined 1p/19q loss.
Other retrospective studies suggested a better prognosis in patients with 1p/19q loss tumors (with longer survival after RT) and a longer symptomatic period (usually with seizures) before the start of treatment (15,18-20). The link between overall prognosis and 1p/19q status was recently firmly established with 2 prospective randomized clinical studies on adjuvant PCV chemotherapy in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors. These trials have shed new light on the clinical significance of 1p/19q loss and its use for treatment decisions. One trial on 369 patients was conducted by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and investigated standard adjuvant PCV chemotherapy after RT in anaplastic oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (21). The other study of 299 patients performed by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) investigated 4 cycles of intensified PCV given before RT (22). Both studies showed that (neo)adjuvant PCV does not improve overall survival but does increase progression-free survival. Most likely, this is explained by the fact that in both studies the majority of patients randomly assigned to the RT-only arm received PCV at progression, which was intended in both studies. Thus, both studies actually compared early versus delayed PCV chemotherapy. In both studies combined 1p/19q loss had a major impact on survival: survival without combined 1p/19q loss was 2 to 3 years but was more than 5 to 6 years in patients with 1p/19q loss (Table 1). However, in both studies even the patients with combined 1p/19q loss did not benefit from early PCV chemotherapy. Therefore, the absence or presence of 1p/19q loss does not give guidance in the choice for early versus delayed PCV chemotherapy, despite the proven chemosensitivity of 1p/19q co-deleted tumors.
More data can be obtained from these studies. First, in both studies progression-free survival after RT only (the control arm) was far better in the patients with the 1p/19q co-deletion (Table 2). In the EORTC study, progression-free survival after RT was 62 months for patients with co-deleted tumors, but only 9 months for the patients without 1p/19q loss. Thus, the increased responsiveness to treatment of 1p/19q co-deleted tumors is not limited to chemotherapy. Second, in the RTOG study the progression-free survival in the non-1p/19q co-deleted group after no statistically superior progression-free survival was observed after neoadjuvant dose-intensified PCV followed by RT compared with RT only (although a trend is visible). This result suggests that in this group the addition of dose-intensified PCV did little to improve the outcome with RT only.
Why is 1p/19q loss only prognostic and not predictive? Oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q loss are sensitive to both RT and PCV or TMZ chemotherapy. These treatments are active, however, in most glial tumors regardless of 1p/19q status, albeit much more so in patients with 1p/19q co-deleted tumors. Most patients with a glial tumor-regardless of histology and grade-will receive these treatments sometime in the course of their disease. For specific treatment decisions the determination of 1p/19q is of limited value, the exception being patients in whom chemotherapy is considered: this approach is unlikely to yield long-lasting responses in patients without 1p/19q co-deleted tumors. For these patients, RT alone is as effective as neoadjuvant PCV followed by RT. The most important information learned from the determination of 1p/19q loss is the prognostic information this test yields. Whether classical histology still plays a role in the determination of the prognosis is controversial; 1 article suggested that 1p/19q status affected outcome in pure oligodendroglial tumors but not in oligoastrocytomas (17). Further prospective studies are required to answer this question.
The MGMT Gene and Alkyltransferase Expression in Chemoirradiated Glioblastoma Multiforme
In a study conducted by the EORTC and the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCI-C) Brain Group, chemoirradiation with TMZ was shown to provide a superior outcome in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) compared with treatment with RT only (23). That trial was, in fact, the first to show a clinically meaningful increase in survival with the addition of chemotherapy to RT. With this well-tolerated treatment, 2-year survival increased from 10% to 26%, and combined chemoirradiation with TMZ is now considered the standard of care for patients with GBM. Perhaps even more important was the result of a companion translational research study suggesting that patients with a methylated promoter gene of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene, in particular, benefited from combined chemoirradiation.
MGMT encodes for the nuclear repair enzyme alkyltransferase, which removes alkylating adducts from the O6 position of guanine and to a lesser extent the O6 position of thymine (24). Physiologically, this enzyme protects cells against potentially mutagenic DNA lesions and prevents tumor formation after exposure to alkylating and methylating substances. During this process the alkyltransferase enzyme is irreversibly inactivated, and the cell depends on new enzyme synthesis to maintain its protection against methylating and alkylating agents.
This DNA repair enzyme plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the DNA in normal cells but also protects tumor cells against alkylating (e.g. BCNU [N,N[prime]-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea]) and methylating (e.g. procarbazine and TMZ) chemotherapeutic agents. These agents add methyl groups at various positions of the DNA in 7% of cases to the O6 position of guanine. In particular, the presence of adducts at the O6 position of guanine is mutagenic; if present, thymine will not be paired to adenosine but will be mispaired to O6 guanine. Subsequent DNA repair of this lesion by alkyltransferase yields a G:T mismatch, which will be recognized by mismatch repair enzymes MSH2 and MSH6 and further repaired. However, if a mismatch O6-MG is present, the mismatch with thymine will repeat itself and after several futile cycles of attempted DNA repair the cell will undergo apoptosis.
The MGMT gene product is the primary cell mechanism of resistance against alkylating and methylating agents (although it requires intact mismatch repair). In tumors, the MGMT promoter gene is frequently methylated at CpG islands and thus silenced; this silencing is often associated with the methylation of a number of other cancer-associated genes. Tumor cells that lack MGMT expression are much more sensitive to alkylating and methylating agents. Thus, theoretically MGMT promoter methylation and reduced alkyltransferase expression will make tumor cells susceptible to alkylating and methylating agents, potentially making an assay of the activity of the alkyltransferase DNA repair mechanism a predictive test for outcome to alkylating and methylating agents.
Early studies showed that patients with GBM who were treated with RT and BCNU/ACNU [1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride] had a better outcome in the absence of alkyltransferase or in the presence of a methylated MGMT promoter gene (25-27). Because all patients received nitrosoureas and RT, it was impossible to establish whether MGMT expression was a predictive factor for response to treatment or merely a prognostic factor. In the EORTC study patients were randomly assigned to either RT only or to RT with TMZ; therefore, this study showed that the improved outcome in patients with MGMT promoter methylation depended on the type of treatment (i.e. the addition of TMZ) (28). In the EORTC study about half of the investigated GBMs had a methylated MGMT gene promoter. Indeed, survival in the RT plus TMZ-treated patients was better in the presence of a methylated MGMT promoter gene. In this group the addition of TMZ to RT increased 2-year survival from 23% with RT only to 46% for patients treated with RT plus TMZ (Table 3). Some improvement of outcome was also observed in the patients randomly assigned to RT only, which was attributed by the authors to the administration of TMZ at the time of progression. Indeed, if only progression-free survival was taken into consideration, only the patients with a MGMT promoter gene methylated tumor treated with RT and TMZ had a better outcome.
Since the publication of that study a large number of articles on this topic have been published. Unfortunately, no other series reported on a randomized study, and most reported on retrospective series of patients. A preclinical study using both in vivo and in vitro models confirms the pivotal role of MGMT promoter methylation in the outcome after combined chemoirradiation (29). In that study, the combination of RT and TMZ proved synergistic in the presence of a methylated MGMT promoter, but only if TMZ was administered during RT. No benefit was observed with the addition of TMZ to RT in cell lines and xenografts without MGMT promoter methylation. The administration of TMZ after RT also did not affect outcome. In retrospective studies on alkyltransferase expression in grade III tumors and GBM a relation between alkyltransferase expression and outcome was found only in the patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (30,31). Studies on upfront TMZ chemotherapy in GBM and in low-grade glioma also showed a relation between response and MGMT promoter methylation or alkyltransferase expression (32,33). Other recent studies confirmed the strong relationship between outcome after RT and alkylating agents and MGMT status (34).
Assays for MGMT activity seem predictive for the outcome of TMZ-based therapy, which raises the question of whether tests for MGMT expression should now be used to select patients with GBM for combined chemoirradiation with TMZ. And if so, which test should be used? This answer is less straightforward than it seems though. In the EORTC study, in only half of the patients was enough material present to test for MGMT promoter status, and in only 206 of these 307 patients did the test yield a result. Moreover, interaction tests between the magnitude of the treatment effect and MGMT status remained negative because of the limited sample size (the study was not designed to answer this question). Therefore, a confirmation in a larger independent and preferably prospective data set remains crucial.
But more issues exist. It is not clear which test should be used. Many investigators used immunohistochemistry (IHC) with antibodies against the alkyltransferase protein, whereas others have relied on quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques or on promoter methylation assays. The latter has the advantage that even if alkyltransferase is absent, the gene can still be upregulated and expressed if the promoter is functional. This is not the case once the promoter gene is methylated. There are, however, reports on the lack of correlation between IHC for the MGMT protein and MGMT promoter gene hypermethylation (30,35). In addition, inconsistent results between assays on frozen samples and paraffin samples have been mentioned (33). Data on intra- and interobserver variation of the various tests are not available. For use in other tumor types (low-grade tumors and oligodendrogliomas) even fewer data are available. Some studies suggested that MGMT promoter methylation occurs in up to 80% of these tumors. Studies on the outcome after treatment with TMZ have yielded conflicting results, with some studies showing a relation between MGMT status and outcome but others failing to do so (14). This result could be due in part to sample size issues, but it also suggests that other factors are of relevance.
To conclude, both preclinical and clinical data suggest that an MGMT assay is likely to be of predictive significance for the outcome of GBM to chemoirradiation with TMZ. However, despite the strong biologic rationale, because of the absence of a confirmation in an independent data set and the absence of a validated test assay, it is too early to rely on MGMT testing for clinical decision-making. Currently, MGMT assays should be used for scientific purposes only, and institutions in which these tests are applied are encouraged to develop a program to establish the reliability of these tests.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Inhibiting Agents
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa receptor tyrosine kinase located on chromosome 7p11.2. EGFR is composed of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane lipophilic segment, and an intracellular domain that has protein kinase activity. The ligands for this receptor are epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α. After binding with its ligand the EGFR dimerizes, and the tyrosine kinase receptor is activated, which triggers a downstream cascade involving the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and, in particular, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. EGFR gene amplification is a common event in glioblastoma, occurring in 40% to 50% of cases. Amplified EGFR is manifested cytogenetically as double minutes, each of which contains multiple copies of the amplification repeat unit. If amplified, EGFR appears to be the sole amplification target, although additional 7p11.2 genes can be co-amplified and overexpressed (36). In the absence of EGFR amplification, EGFR overexpression is rare (37). Mutant forms of EGFR are expressed in approximately 40% of GBMs with an amplified EGFR gene, most frequently the EGFRvIII mutant (38). This mutant lacks the extracellular ligand-binding domain as a result of the deletion of exons 2 to 7, probably through alternative splicing. The result is an in-frame deletion of 801 base pairs of the coding sequence of the extracellular domain, which causes constitutive phosphorylation and thus activation of the receptor, leading to constant downstream signaling. Although EGFRvIII may be the predominant amplification, wild-type EGFR overexpression is more extensive in most tumors. If EGFRvIII mutants are present, they are usually manifested as focal areas of positive IHC staining. Introduction of EGFRvIII in glioma cells mediates a growth advantage and confers resistance to radiation therapy and to chemotherapy (39,40).
EGFR amplification is seen in 40% to 50% of GBMs and in up to only 10% of anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), but not in low-grade astrocytomas. In patients with GBM the presence of EGFR expression, EGFR amplification, or EGFRvIII expression is not associated with a poor prognosis (41-44). In AAs and other grade III tumors, however, the presence of EGFR amplification or EGFRvIII mutations does have a poor prognostic significance (41,45,46). This finding suggests that at the molecular level these tumors are in fact GBMs, an assumption that is supported by a study on AAs in which half of the EGFRvIII-positive tumors were reviewed and reclassified as GBMs (46). Clinical studies have shown that the interobserver variation in the diagnosis of AAs is larger than that in GBMs; perhaps the conclusion here is that tests for EGFR amplification may help to distinguish between AAs and GBMs (1).
EGFR is abundantly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and therefore trials with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib were initiated in this disease. These trials showed various response rates, and the responses were subsequently found to be related to the presence of mutations in exons 19 to 21 of the EGFR gene. These exons encode for the ATP binding pocket of the tyrosine kinase domain, but these domains virtually never show mutations in GBM (47-51). In vitro models of non-small lung cancer showed that the presence of these mutations made cell lines sensitive to erlotinib or gefitinib. These findings are in contrast with research on GBM cell lines, in which gefitinib inhibited cell cycle progression, growth, and invasion of cells expressing wild-type EGFR, but not in cells expressing the mutant EGFRvIII (52). Perhaps this result is due to differential regulation of Akt activity and other functionally redundant promitotic signaling pathways in cells expressing mutant EGFRvIII.
Because of the frequent EGFR amplification in GBM, the activity of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib on recurrent GBM was investigated in several trials. In particular, one phase I trial on erlotinib with or without TMZ showed promising results. Of 49 patients evaluated 8 responses were observed; 7 patients had a GBM and 6 of the responding patients had been treated with erlotinib only (53). A pivotal article on the molecular determinants of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors suggested that tumors having both EGFRvIII mutations and expression of PTEN are likely to respond to these agents (51). Whereas 6 of 7 tumors with coexpression of EGFRvIII and PTEN responded, only 2 of 19 tumors without this coexpression were responsive (51). This study also presented an independent data set from another study in which this relationship was confirmed. Moreover, in an in vivo model the induction of coexpression of EGFRvIII and PTEN made glioma cell lines sensitive to erlotinib. In these cell lines it appeared that Akt-independent branches of the PTEN pathway contributed to the effects of PTEN on the sensitivity of EGFR inhibitors. If true, these findings would have major implications for the further development of the treatment of high-grade gliomas.
The question is whether these data are solid enough to take treatment decisions. The other available clinical trials showed various results (Table 4), with 2 trials showing limited or no activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (54-56). The results of most of these trials have not yet been fully reported, and the molecular studies aiming to identify GBMs responsive to EGFR tyrosine kinase I have also failed to show consistent results (Table 5). This is also the case for the individual studies that were used in the pivotal article mentioned above (37,58). In 1 of those studies the response to erlotinib was associated with high levels of EGFR expression and low levels of pAkt (37). IHC for pAkt was strongly associated with response; none of the patients with positive IHC for pAkt responded. Time to progression was associated with pAkt but not with EGFR expression. Other studies failed to find a relation between response and EGFR expression (IHC and/or at the DNA level) or EGFRvIII IHC (55,56).
There are some more remarkable discrepancies between the results of these molecular studies. One study noted EGFRvIII expression in 49% of GBMs and another in only 2 of 29 GBMs (56,59). In 1 study EGFRvIII was expressed in 15 of 27 tumors without EGFR amplification; however, most studies found EGFRvIII mutants only in tumors with EGFR amplification or with gain of chromosome 7 (51,56). One study found only 7% of 268 GBMs and another found 38% of 29 GBMs negative for pAkt (37,60). Are these differences true differences or artificial differences and due to limited test reliability or to differences in methodology and inherent to IHC? Moreover, a control group without EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors was not a part of any of these studies, implying that any observed outcome would have prognostic significance. For example, in 1 study activated substrates of the MAPK and Akt pathways were associated with a worse prognosis (59).
What conclusions can be drawn from these data? At this point it is fair to conclude that the full reports on most of the trials on tyrosine kinase inhibitors in GBM are still pending, and the outcome of the molecular analyses so far are contradictory. Yet, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used for treatment of recurrent GBM, despite the meager preliminary results in the clinical trials. Why has the activity of these agents so far been disappointing, even in patients with EGFR amplification? One study on erlotinib- and gefitinib-treated GBM observed no clear changes in EGFR phosphorylation or downstream signalling (on pErk and pAkt) compared with control tissue (50). The EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 related to response in non-small cell lung cancer appeared to be virtually absent in GBM, and cell lines with EGFRvIII mutations failed to respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition. A mutation or overexpression in the EGFR gene per se is not enough to respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
In summary, tests for EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutations do not have prognostic significance in GBM but may have prognostic significance in grade III tumors. Perhaps this result is due to the known difficulties in the histologic diagnosis of grade III tumors. Therefore, EGFR amplification may be used to identify GBM among tumors with histologic features resembling grade III tumors. Despite the clear biologic rationale for studies with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, their role is still unclear in GBM because of contradictory results in clinical trials and because the predictive value of some of the identified molecular markers remains to be clarified.
Combined 1p/19q loss is mainly a prognostic factor, but it can be used in individual patients to assess whether chemotherapy is a therapeutic option. Most likely, MGMT promoter gene methylation is predictive for outcome after combined chemoirradiation in patients with GBM, but its clinical use still requires further confirmatory studies. EGFR amplification does not have prognostic significance in GBM, but may have prognostic significance in grade III gliomas. The presence of EGFR amplification should be considered for inclusion in the criteria for the diagnosis of GBM. EGFR-inhibiting strategies have so far not been very successful, and it is unclear whether predictive markers exist that identify responding tumors.
The critical comments of Dr. J. E. C. Bromberg are greatly appreciated.
- immunohistochemistry
- fluorescent in situ hybridization
- mutation
- chemotherapy regimen
- glioblastoma
- genes
- glioma
- loss of heterozygosity
- methylation
- o(6)-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase
- receptor, epidermal growth factor
- neoplasms
- prognostic marker
- gold standard
- amplification
- laboratory test finding
- neurologic oncology


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After almost forty years with the tenpercentery, veteran agent Tony Fantozzi is leaving William Morris to become a producer focusing on legitimate theater projects.Fantozzi will start immediately with the British stage production of "Tallulah" starring Kathleen Turner. The play will have its world premiere on June 25 at the Chichester Festival. Future plans include moving the production to London's West End, with co-producer Duncan Weldon, and then to Broadway, with James Nederlander and Manny Kladitis co-producing. Fantozzi started at WMA in Chicago in 1958, booking acts in Windy City nightclubs. Fantozzi has worked in WMA's New York and Los Angeles offices, and in every area and department of the agency. He also was a member of the company's Board of Directors. In his career at the agency, he packaged the Tony Awards for television and lined up Pearl Bailey to lead an all-black cast in "Hello Dolly." "I've always said I had one of the best jobs in the business, working for a great agency, representing great clients," he said in a statement. "I'm looking forward to trying something else while it's all still fun. Hopefully, this new adventure will keep me in touch with many of the same talents who peopled my past."
Fantozzi stages WMA exit
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Amazon nabs the top spot for online cosmetics sales
One of every five beauty purchases online is made via the Amazon marketplace, according to a new report.
Amazon nabs the top spot for online cosmetics sales
One of every five beauty purchases online is made via the Amazon marketplace, according to a new report.
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The domain registrar says it reduced its fraud losses by 80%.
As a web site domain registrar Name.com sells and renews web site addresses, which the company says made it an appealing target for criminals. Criminals like to snag domain names they don't have legitimate rights to so they can intercept traffic with spoof sites and get their hands on consumer data. For example, a criminal may seek to license Shop.FamousRetailer.com and then send consumers e-mails claiming to be from the well-known merchant as a way to capture payment card data and other personal information.
When Name.com found itself rejecting $5,000 in sales each day because it suspected fraud and saw its annual fraud rate approach 12%, the company decided to attack suspect transactions with a more sophisticated two-part review process.
Name.com's first line of defense is ThreatMetrix's fraud prevention platform, which uses data mined from web site visitors' computers and matches that data against data from other sources. It then assigns a threat score. If a consumer is a returning customer that hasn't exhibited suspect behavior, the transaction gets a good score and goes through. If a consumer gets a bad score, for example if the device the consumer is using has previously been used to make a fraudulent transaction, that transaction is flagged for manual review.
A transaction that ThreatMetrix's system flags for manual review automatically triggers Name.com's second line of defense, a phone number request that uses technology from TeleSign, a vendor of phone-based authentication services. The TeleSign system prompts the customer to enter a valid phone number, and TeleSign calls immediately and provides the customer a personal identification number, or PIN. The consumer has to enter the PIN on Name.com to complete the transaction.
Because criminals want to avoid leaving a trail, making consumers enter a phone number deters fraud, says Paul Carter, vice president of operations at Name.com. "The joint solution is helping us prevent thousands of bogus domain purchases every month," he says.
It's also helping drive down monetary losses. Name.com says it's reduced it's fraud losses by 98% reduction and now declines $1,000 in a day in suspect transactions, down from $5,000 previously. Name.com's overall fraud rate declined from nearly 12% to 2%. The combined fraud system also helped lower the cost of manual reviews. Manual reviews used to cost the company time equivalent to the workload of 2.5 full-time employees; now that expense is down to 0.3 employees.
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The Supreme Court is surely going to find this question right back on their doorstep next year."


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I could have told you that. Great gear!
- 7,849 Posts. Joined 2/2012
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I could have told you that. Great gear!
But there seems to be posts saying a speaker load is required when it isn't for the amps health just as long as headphones OR speakers are attached is all that matters.
I generally leave the HP plugged in, but I never had trouble with the Taboo MK III either way.
I was referring to the Taboo MKII.
I was referring to the Taboo MKII.
Any details about suggested resistor so I could try it out?
I bought resistors from Steve when I receive them I'll reply later.
From 4ohm to 16 ohms I think using 5watts I believe - they make a minimal difference but a difference.
7.5 ohms are good with LCD-3


text: Keep the party swinging with this vibrant beer bucket. Crafted from durable lime green plastic, it gives a welcome dash of colour to any celebration. Our House by John Lewis range is designed to be at the heart of a contemporary home: well thought out, well made and surprisingly affordable. The feel is modern and uncluttered; useful products that youll love to live with.Check stock and price


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adventures in
another England
by Nik Cohn
Secker & Warburg, pounds 10, 357pp
JUNKIES, PIMPS, white racist suprematists, dealers, wasters, maniacs, estate vandals, semi-pro DJs, Odinists, bores, faith healers, travellers, piss-artists, bank robbers, boxers and his old English teacher: Nik Cohn's "other England" is clearly composed of the kind of people we (those of us who live in the England to which Cohn's is so other) normally cross the road to avoid; and past whose wrecky council flats and DIY tenements we accelerate in our cars, late at night. But this lost population - the marginal, the deracinated and the unaffiliated - is what Cohn calls The Republic, and Yes We Have No is his trip through it: wide-eyed, non-judgemental and ready to be impressed.
The book's trick is to present these nutters, obsessives and out-and- out losers as coherent, rational human beings, and somehow establish a continuity between their world and ours. Which Cohn does, by manfully taking them on their own terms - which are usually pitched somewhere between reach-me-down post-rationalisation, loopy self-promotion, rage and despair.
Thus we have Laurence, ex-crackhead, pimp and undergraduate at the London School of Economics, arguing that he "wants to tap the media, republican style", with the aid of a dodgy "Pamela Anderson" porn video. A lovelorn alcoholic called Martha explains how "I need to look after my head. If I don't, I get all wound up, and then at times I go Bang." A white witch from Huddersfield has trouble with the "malignant powers". And so on. We even get cameos from Arthur Scargill and The Chinese Elvis.
This is a terrain somewhere between the psychogeography of Iain Sinclair and straight, Studs Terkel-ish vox pop. Cohn maps out this alternative England, from Newcastle to Brighton to Liskeard, but with an inevitable city predisposition, beginning and ending with London: the town with the most nutters, with the most opportunities for apocalypse. You take your hat off to Cohn, not just for his ability to chat these people up - on street corners, in horrible bars - but for making friends with them as well, and then visiting their homes in the ruined estates.
And then you salute him again, for producing the edited highlights of what must have been some of the most nervously rambling, futile lectures ever recorded, and somehow making us feel a kind of kinship with his interlocutors. Amazingly, it never gets boring.
But what is the republic? No matter how assiduously Cohn works his way up and down the country, and however many people he talks to, the republic he wants to tell us about has no ideology, no goals, no structure. It's a void, bounded by certain tangentially-associated points of view, but not much more than that. What's more, Cohn himself is so generous, so acquiescent (especially in the face of some of the garbage that gets talked at him) that you miss the authorial voice, the lordly overview imposing some kind of sense on the clamour.
The nearest he gets to giving his republic a heart and an ambition is when he gets on to music. Doesn't matter what kind of music it is - techno, banghra, jazz, karaoke - it liberates and empowers. This is, after all, the guy who hit fame with his rock'n'roll critique Awopbopaloobop, Alopbamboom.
Music makes him feel young again, it allows his speakers to escape whatever condition they're trapped in. But apart from this one unifying force, it's hard to see why this other England should be a community of souls any more than a ragbag of isolated voices whose real main characteristic is that Nik Cohn is ready to listen to them. So what is this republic? It's a romantic Shelleyan conceit; the republic of Nik Cohn's own benevolent imagination.
Charles Jennings's new book `Fathers' Race' is published by Little, Brown in May
- More about:
- Newcastle Upon Tyne
- Semi-detached House
- Techno


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Doug here! Excited to share this beautiful wedding for Damaris and Fernando. They came into town from Chicago to tie the knot. It's difficult to plan weddings from out of the area luckily they had the help of Paulina of Paulina Clute Event View full post »
Here's the photos highlights of Amanda and Jerry's wedding at St. Thomas More Catholic Church with the reception at Revere Golf Club.
View full post »
Doug and I are excited to photograph Rie and James' wedding today at the Saunders Family Winery in Pahrump NV. Sam will also be there to capture the big day with video. We were able to go out and have some fun with them for engagements andView full post »
How can it be September already? I cant believe that the summer flew by so fast. I am so excited to see the fall come in. Of course we cant let that happen without showing all the amazing weddings we have had over the summer. Here is another greatView full post »
I had to share this fun moment from their wedding. This is totally how the day was. Completely relaxed and fun. Congratulations guys and have fun on the honeymoon.
Till next time, MView full post »
Here's one more of the many amazing engagement sessions I have to share. Logan and Roxy took me by surprise when I met up with them at their house. They have a blog called Onefourtythree that show cases Logan's handy work. I have alwaysView full post »
I have wanted to shoot in a clothing store for quite sometime now. When I met Alan and Ashlee for a wedding consultation I gave them the idea. The convenient part about this is they have both worked at J Crew for years. They got us permission toView full post »
<< Older posts
© 2017 Las Vegas Wedding Photographer|ProPhoto 5 by NetRivet
Click on the image above to be directed.


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With the huge emphasis on women empowerment in government policy structuring and diversity strengthening staking its place firmly in corporate policie...
Lobbying can be done right if it is done honestly, transparently, and for the people. Take, for example, the percent funding boost the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received in 2011, with $39M going to a new food and safety program.
Our limited budgets and desire for innovation in giving reflects why my generation is mostly left out of traditional philanthropic circles. But does this really mean, as Robert Putnam alluded, that millennials are "bowling alone?"
Recently, we had the pleasure of interviewing Stanley Dorsainville. His captivating personal journey and commitment to human rights have driven him to accomplish quite astounding feats before the age of 26.
Many Baby Boomers look down on Millennials as over-protected, lazy, attention-seeking young kids who haven't faced hardship. They are dead wrong.
What's funny about living in this day and age is that most of us seem to simultaneously be dependent on modern technology and be frustrated with how it's transformed areas of our lives that were already stressful enough without it -- i.e. dating, relationships, and confrontation.
Schools for Sustainability, Inc. believes that impoverished communities know the solution to their own problems best, but are often unable to attain the proper resources. It is only natural that one of their first initiative was a community survey.
As Mark Twain stated, "The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why." Unfortunately, most people wait too long for this day. Far too many go through the motions of daily life, waiting for the weekend and working for retirement.
I believe we all have power to take those actions and that the every-day actions of "ordinary" people do actually have the potential to be world-changing.
Have you been hearing the term "millennials" lately and wondering what this term really signifies as we attempt to name or identify a new era of gen...
Although there are countless runways of glamorous men's fashion trends for spring, don't expect millennial men to invest in the edgiest outfit or trendiest look.
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step." --Confucius "Take the first step in faith. You don't have to see the whole staircase; jus...
A few weeks ago I was leading a wealth seminar for a dozen women, all between the ages of 40-55. They were successful entrepreneurs, businesswomen with decades of experience and between them, thousands of contacts.
My daughter Alexandra "Alex" Scott, the creator of Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation, would be 19 years old now, and I don't think it's a shock to learn that I often wonder what she would be like today.
What happens when you unite three remarkable women with unstoppable drive and insurmountable energy? You yield a plan, 22 acres of land, invaluable connections, and progress of considerable magnitude.
Communication is of critical importance when it comes to managing family philanthropy. But many people who include themselves in the next generation take a passive role and wait for the older generations to reach out and set up opportunities to talk.


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Bought my first bow at this store. They were very helpful in helping me pick the right archery equipment.
This is a great store!
Been buying guns here for the past few years. All the guys here are knowledgable and friendly.
Highly recommend visiting and making this your go to store for all hunting and shooting supplies.


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Ufo Response Team - EP
- Artists Insane Logic
- Release Date 2012-09-07
- Labels Geomagnetic
- Catalog GEOEP080
Insane Logic - Ufo Response Team - EP [geoep080]
Release Notes:
Geomagnetic Records and Boundless Records combine for this new release from Insane Logic - UFO Response Team - EP. Four all new full power fullon trance floor hits, for those who enjoy melody, mystery and drama mixed with your squelches and sci-fi noises.
Title: Ufo Response Team
Artist: Insane Logic
Label: Geomagnetic.tv / Boundless Records
Catalogue: geoep080
Format: Digital Download
Genre: Psytrance / Goa Trance
Release: 2012 World Wide
# Name Time Bpm
1 Insane Logic LSD 6:23 145
2 Insane Logic Marishi Airport 8:18 143
3 Insane Logic Mix Delatrix 7:50 146
4 Insane Logic Tay Ber Yeah 7:26 145
Morningstar is a subdivision of Geomagnetic Records. Uplifting, melodic, full-on, progressive and perfect for those ecstatic moments of sunshine and awakening, the Morningstar label knows you want to be carried on a cloud of feel-good grooviness as you welcome the morning light! www.myspace.com/geomagnetic
Geomagnetic.tv was established in the summer of 2001. Their first major international release is the legendary DVD project "MAGNUS" geodvd001. Since then the label has grown into a full fledged major electronic music and media label. Based in San Francisco and focusing mostly on music and visual related projects, you can expect to see lots more cutting edge releases on the way from this award winning crew! Geomagnetic.tv was started by Spook one of the founders of the prominent San Francisco 3D FX and Multimedia boutique known as Minds Eye Media (est.1995). www.mindseyemedia.com Mastering By : Cortex Studio
All the tracks W&p By Assi Dahan & Pini Ben David . Israel
Booking : firstname.lastname@example.com
(p) and C www.Geomagnetic.tv


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Arte della Stampa B&B
Find Hotel Rates
Recent Searches
Wego searches multiple travel sites so you can find and compare the best rates.
Arte della Stampa B&B Hotel Reviews
Based on reviews from across the web.
Arte della Stampa B&B Hotel Details
Check-in: 14:00
Check-out: 11:00
Arte della Stampa is a large flat at the ground level in the really historical center of the beautiful city of Lecce the position is in a dead street so the car traffic is little to nothing and the apartment is very quite. It is composed of a wide living room with sofa convertible a very wide double bedroom a confortable kitchen with a stair to the second little bedroom and a bathroom with shower. All the apartmenti is plenty of indirect light coming from high door-windows. Architectural details of the blondie leccese stone are on sight as well as the volta a vista ancient building technique. The kitchen is basically equipped the warming is programmed with the owner home.


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Ones to watch
Prominent pics from the land of the bossa nova
Prominent pics from the land of the bossa nova
From the Rio Grande to Tierra del Fuego, filmmakers are finding better resources, friendlier governments and safer venues as they pursue their projects.
Competition is heating up in Brazil's nascent video-on-demand market, which is expected to expand rapidly over the next few years.
Local indie distrib Imagem and pay TV net Telecine have announced eight Brazilian features for theatrical release in 2012 and 12 for 2013.
From festival standouts to crowdpleasers a select list of screenings to look out for
These 10 cutting-edge filmers are changing the biz landscape in the region.
Named Twitter's most influential tweeter by indie research group Twitalyzer earlier this year, Brazilian standup comedy pioneer and TV personality Rafinha Bastos boasts 3.5 million followers.
With the collapse of the homevideo DVD market, local indie distribs are increasingly turning to the distribution of Brazilian pics in order to make ends meet.
RIO DE JANEIRO -- Vinicius Coimbra's debut feature "Matraga," a Brazilian western-styled drama, nabbed five kudos on the final night of the 13th Rio de Janeiro Film Festival, which wrapped Tuesday.
Jose Padilha's Cold Mountain Ent. and Mark Abraham and Eric Newman's Strike Ent. are near ready to bring "Tri-Border" onto the market.
Jose Padilha, director of "Elite Squad: The Enemy Within" is teaming via his Zazen Prods. label with Daniel Filho's Lereby Prods. to raise $60 million to finance 10 Brazilian movies over the next…


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|Low Season May – September
|฿ 7,690 / Day
Rate depends on your dates. Please inquire for additional info.Minimal rent period: 5 nights
This beautiful penthouse apartment is extremely spacious, with 3 double and one single bedroom, huge balconies and a very beautiful roof garden, with fabulous views over the tropical gardens, pools, lake and sea.
The lounge and each double bedroom have floor to ceiling glass doors leading to large balconies. The apartment is new, very high quality, and fully air-conditioned. The rental includes maid service and linen change once a week, and a management office to help with all aspects of your vacation.
Within the tropical gardens, there are three large swimming pools, a tennis court, and a pitch and putt golf course.
It is 2 minutes drive from one of the most beautiful beaches in Phuket, and 5 minutes from the famous Laguna Phuket golf-course and Laguna hotels. Restaurants, shops, and other amenities are all within a few minutes drive, and Phuket airport is 20 minutes away.
There is wifi broadband Internet, and cable TV (5 TVs in the apartment) with over 40 channels.
Three luxurious, spacious bedroom suites all have en-suite bathrooms and great views. All bedrooms have extensive private balconies. In addition to the three double bedrooms there is also a small single bedroom with en-suite bathroom.


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Golden Forest Pousada
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Recent Searches
Wego searches multiple travel sites so you can find and compare the best rates.
Golden Forest Pousada Hotel Reviews
Based on reviews from across the web.
Golden Forest Pousada Hotel Details
Check-in: 2:30 PM
Check-out: noon
Property Location With a stay at Golden Forest Pousada in Campos do Jordao, you'll be in the mountains and minutes from Campos do Jordao Tennis Club and close to Boa Vista Palace. This pousada is within close proximity of Aspen Mall and Baden Baden Brewery. Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 17 guestrooms featuring minibars and plasma televisions. Your room comes with a pillowtop bed. Rooms have private balconies where you can take in mountain views. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and DVD players are provided for your entertainment. Bathrooms have rainfall showerheads and designer toiletries. Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities Take in the views from a garden and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access and a fireplace in the lobby. This pousada also features a television in the lobby, tour/ticket assistance, and a video library. Dining Take advantage of the pousada's 24-hour room service. Business, Other Amenities Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk, luggage storage, and a library. Free parking is available onsite.


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Transcript: Stefan Rahmstorf and Matt England - Climate science and Paris COP21
Prof Stefan Rahmstorf and Prof Matthew England discuss climate science and the coming Paris meeting.
El Niño is here and that means droughts, but they don't work how you may think
As we head into what is likely to be a hot summer, Prof Michael Roderick explains how droughts work.
Hot nights in the city
New research has shown that those people living in urban areas are likely to be more exposed to heat stress during the night than those living in rural areas.
2015-2016 is shaping up to deliver a rollercoaster from strong El Niño to La Niña
Research indicates that strong El Niños and La Niñas will become more frequent.
The heat is still on, despite warming slowdown
The recent slow down in the rise of global average temperatures will make little difference to how much the planet will warm by the year 2100.
Factcheck: Are 95% of models linking CO2 emissions and global warming in error
Maurice Newman, business advisor to the Prime Minister, claims 95% of climate models are wrong. Is this true?
England set to swelter through a rash of record hot years
A new study shows as the climate continues to warm we would expect the likelihood of very warm years in central England to increase.
Explainer: was the Sydney storm 'once-in-a-century'?
It's been called the "storm of the century" but how often do storms such as this really happen?
The climate 'hiatus' doesn't take the heat off global warming
New research shows the hiatus in global average temperatures is just a blip on the radar compared to the long-term warming we have in store.
New Met Office Science Repository Service
Researchers using the UK Met Office's Unified Model for atmospheric research are now able to make use of the Met Office's new Science Repository Service
- 1 of 5
- next ›


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What was your favorite wedding photo?
Paul took some fantastic pictures of my husband and I in a grassy area near the beach where we got married. It doesn't sound fancy, but the pictures are so natural and beautiful - nothing forced. He also took some great fun shots of our wedding party, capturing the laughter and smiles perfectly.
How did the wedding photographer avoid disrupting the day? Great with candids? Action shots? Portraits?
Yes he was great with all of the above. Completely unobtrusive! There in the background when you needed him and hands on for the post ceremony pictures.
What was included in your wedding photo package? Albums? DVDs? Engagement pics? Two photographers?
He was very accommodating with extra copies of our photos in different formats.
How did the photographer make you and family comfortable?
He put people at ease with his very friendly, chatty manner and gave direction in a calm, pleasant way. He took his time to make sure he got everything spot on.
Copyright © 2001-2017 OneWed Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2001-2017 OneWed Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Practical guidance and support to get the right job for you.
From identifying opportunities to helping you write effective resumes and prepare for interviews, the YMCA of Greater Toronto's wide range of employment services will help find the job that's right for you.
Essential Skills and Employment Programs
Basic Culinary Skills
If you are interested in a career in the hospitality industry, the YMCA of Greater Toronto can help. We offer a unique 18-week program for people who receive social assistance. When you join our Hospitality Training Program, you will:
- Complete 96 hours of classroom training where you will learn how to build a team and basic First Aid. When you complete this course, you will receive your Communication Food Handlers Certification.
- Complete 375 hours of hands-on kitchen training where you will learn:
- Vegetable cutting
- Baking, and cooking techniques
- Attend food lab demonstrations to learn how to:
- Make soup and stock
- Cook meat and fish
- Prepare salads and dressing
- Prepare pies and cakes
For more information about this program, please contact us at 416-916-1066 ext. 123 or visit us at our Toronto John Street YMCA Centre in Metro Hall.
To see our catering menu, click here (PDF).
Learning Opportunities Program
Do you need to improve your essential reading, writing, math and computer skills? The Learning Opportunities Program can set you on the path to employment, secondary school credit, post-secondary education, apprenticeships, and much more.
You'll enjoy:
- small group learning sessions
- 1-to-1 tutoring
- a learning schedule tailor-made to your needs
- an e-learning option from home
For more information and to register, contact us at (416) 635-9622 ext. 31085, email us at firstname.lastname@example.com, or visit us at our Toronto Dufferin Street YMCA Centre.
Employment Programs
Every year at the YMCA of Greater Toronto, we connect tens of thousands of job seekers to good quality jobs.
Our employment resource centres are open to all. Find one close to you, and call or drop in to check out our job postings and attend one of our workshops. We also offer free WiFi, use of computers for job searching or resume preparation, and photocopying.
If you would like to meet with one of our job consultants, you can book an appointment right now.
To learn more about YMCA Employment programs call 416-928-9622 or 1-800-223-8024 or visit your local YMCA Centre.
Build the skills you need to look for a job! Our workshops and events are designed to give you the tools and practical advice you need to find employment, including resume and cover letter creation, interview preparation, basic technical literacy skills, networking tips, and much more.
- Etobicoke Albion Rd. YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- Mississauga City Centre YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- North York Dufferin St. YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- Pickering Kingston Rd. YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- Richmond Hill Bayview Ave. YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- Scarborough Finch Ave. YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- Scarborough Milner Business Crt. YMCA workshops: Calendar (PDF)
- Whitby Garden St. YMCA Centre workshops: Calendar (PDF)
Employment Services are funded in part by the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario.


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Veterans (and spouses) Job Readiness Workshop April 27th
8000 Cooper Avenue
Glendale, NY 11385
related issues:
. Veterans
Job Readiness Workshop
Friday, April 27, 2012
10 AM to 3 PM
· Lectures – See flyer for schedule
· Benefits Information
· Five Minute Resume Evaluation*
* If additional resume help is recommended you will be able to make an appointment to meet counselor at a later date.
For more information please call
Senator Addabbo's district office at (718) 738-1111
Event will be held indoors at
The Shops at Atlas Park
8000 Cooper Avenue, Glendale, NY 11385.
This FREE event is open to all Veterans and spouses only.
Please bring Veterans Identification
(VA ID, Active Military ID, DD 214, etc).
Spouse should bring service member's DD 214 and proof of marriage.
There will be FREE parking in the North garage only!
How a Bill Becomes LawLearn More
Senator has new policy idea
Idea is drafted into a Bill
Bill undergoes committee process
Senate and Assembly pass bill
Bill is signed by Governor


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Tesla announces two new low-end models, the 60 and 60D, which start at $66,000. Important upgrades are purchasable after the fact, if buyers are interested.
Tesla Model S
New, lower-cost Tesla Model S 60 will start at $66,000
- Sebastian Blanco
- Jun 9, 2016
Tesla Model S will get wireless charging option in April
- Sebastian Blanco
- Feb 22, 2016
Aftermarket wireless tech company Evatran now taking pre-orders for a cordless charging option for the Tesla Model S. The price has not yet been announced.
Elon Musk, Tesla expect 'moderate' profit this year
- Sebastian Blanco
- Feb 10, 2016
Tesla announces 2015 Q4 earnings, and says it expects to turn a profit in 2016. Also, Model 3 unveil date is set and we learn more about Autopilot learning.
Tesla Model S to get Spotify Premium for free outside of the US
- TechCrunch
- Dec 21, 2015
Tesla Model S drivers in Europe, Hong Kong, and Australia are getting extra spoiled with free Spotify Premium audio streams in their electric cars.
Tesla hasn't answered questions about early Model S reliability [UPDATE]
- Sebastian Blanco
- Dec 9, 2015
It appears that there are a fair number of problems with 2012-2013 Model S EVs. Whether that means 60 percent will fail is another issue.
Australian investors caught in $2.4M Tesla stock scam
- Chris Bruce
- Jul 11, 2015
Australian authorities are investigating a company for allegedly stealing investor's money by promising to buy Tesla stock and not following through. The equivalent of over $1.78 million might have been lost by people across the country.
Tesla lost $154.2 million in 2015 Q1, delivered 10,045 Model S EVs
- Sebastian Blanco
- May 6, 2015
Tesla has reported a loss of $154.2 million in the first quarter of 2015, alongside revenue of $1.1 billion. There were 10,045 Model S EVs delivered. And so much more from the Q1 earnings call.
This Apple Watch can control a Tesla Model S
- Chris Bruce
- May 4, 2015
Remote S is an upcoming app for the Apple Watch that allows owners to take complete control over their Tesla Model S from their wrist. It's not Knight Rider, but it's close.
Tesla starts selling used Model S EVs online
- Noah Joseph
- May 4, 2015
Tesla ads a pre-owned section to its website, giving customers (in some areas at least) the chance to buy a used Model S online, just not at an especially substantial discount.
Tesla Twitter account, media-relations email hacked [UPDATE]
- Chris Bruce
- Apr 27, 2015
Tesla's Twitter account and its media-relations email were briefly hacked over the weekend.
Tesla adds Model S 70D with all-wheel drive to lineup for $75k*
- Chris Bruce
- Apr 8, 2015
Tesla has a new entry-level model in its lineup with the Model S 70D that combines the all-wheel drive, dual motor system and a 70-kWh battery pack. It all starts at $75,000*.
Recharge Wrap-up: Tesla hiring new sales executives, A123 focuses on starter batteries
- John Beltz Snyder
- Mar 16, 2015
A123 Systems is focusing on production of starter batteries for start-stop systems and microhybrids. Tesla is hiring sales executives for North America, Europe and Asia while reassigning Jerome Guillen. David Noland asks Tesla for response to double-pedal-pressing situations.
Weekly Recap: The cost of Tesla's ambitious plans for growth
- Greg Migliore
- Feb 14, 2015
We curate the week's events with a focus on Tesla. Plus, other news and notes from around the car world.
Tesla stock drops 8.4 percent in premarket trading
- Autoblog Staff
- Feb 12, 2015
Because of shipping delays and a strong dollar, TSLA stock dropped $17.80 in premarket trading today.
Recharge Wrap-up: Mirai earns Toyota "Most Innovative" honor, Tesla cold-weather range
- John Beltz Snyder
- Feb 10, 2015
How much does temperature affect Tesla Model S range? Albany Engineered Composites to use aerospace knowledge for automotive components. Toyota wants to recover all of its hybrid batteries. Fast Company credits Mirai for Toyota's spot on Most Innovative Companies list.
Connecticut might allow direct Tesla sales
- Danny King
- Feb 10, 2015
Connecticut legislators discuss allowing Tesla to directly sell electric vehicles within the state.
Arizona may soon allow direct Tesla EV sales
- Danny King
- Feb 9, 2015
Arizona legislators take one small step closer to allowing Tesla to sell cars in the state.
Credit Suisse says Tesla remains 'top stock pick'
- Danny King
- Feb 8, 2015
Tesla stock is a good investment because of improving battery technology, which will lower vehicle costs, Credit Suisse says.
New pictures of Tesla's not-yet-open battery swap station
- Jonathon Ramsey
- Jan 30, 2015
Katie Fehrenbacher from GigaOm drove down to the Tesla's first battery-swap station in Coalinga, California to snap some photos and check on its progress. The station will be the first to begin a pilot program to conduct the three-minute pack swaps, and could restore Tesla's revenue stream of selling ZEV credits.
Recharge Wrap-up: Tesla battery degradation graphed, Hyundai plans fuel cell hub in Korea
- John Beltz Snyder
- Jan 29, 2015
A man is graphing Tesla battery degradation over time. US plug-in vehicles are expected to hit 300,000 this month. Hyundai and South Korea are turning Gwangju into a fuel cell tech hub. London's mayor has approved a cycling superhighway. Corn states challenge EPA on emissions.
Connecticut may let Telsa sell EVs directly to customers
- Danny King
- Jan 22, 2015
Connecticut may be the next state to allow Tesla Motors to sell its electric vehicles directly to the public and without third-party dealerships.
- Biggest automotive sales disappointments
- Fastest-depreciating cars in the United States
- Find and compare 2017 Models


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Stephen Haberman <step...@exigencecorp.com>
|transitive sources revisited
|Tue, 03 Aug 2010 21:52:58 GMT
Hi, I would really like to see this bug resolved: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/IVY-1003 Following up on this thread: http://ant.1045680.n5.nabble.com/pom2ivy-and-transitive-source-retrieving-td1375488.html#a1375488 Xavier mentioned this easiest solution: Another suggested solution is to add a sources->sources(*) in the dependency conf mapping, but I see 2 problems with that: - it makes the sources conf always transitive - the fallback of * doesn't really make sense So what I find would be better is to define a transitive-sources conf, and have a conf mapping of transitive-sources->transitive-sources (*), or even better transitive-sources->transitive-sources(none) if we define 'none' as a special fallback conf which means no dependency conf if the required one does not exist. Of course we would need to do that for javadoc too. Just to pipe in 1 year later: * "it makes the sources conf always transitive" -- Exactly, given transitiveness is the whole reason people are using something like Ivy/Maven in the first place, I don't think anyone who has already explicitly pulled in "sources" is going to be upset about getting all of the sources vs. the non-transitive ones. If you want sources, you generally want them all. For example, is there a non- transitive "default" conf? Why should sources be special-cased non-transitive? * "the fallback of `*` doesn't really make sense" -- True, but when is `sources` not going to exist in upstream ivy xmls? If you want A from a Maven repo, Ivy makes an A.xml, any dependencies of A are surely going to come from Maven repos as well (else A's pom would be broken), which means ivy will again be making a B.xml/C.xml for each upstream Maven B.pom/C.pom, and each of those, being ivy-produced, will always have a sources conf. I'm having trouble imagining a scenario where a Maven-derived project ends up depending on an upstream non-Maven-derived project that would not (or could not easily have) a sources conf. Given that the `none` fallback feature still hasn't appeared, I'd like to request that `sources->sources(*)` is called good enough and put in. - Stephen
|View raw message


text: 1 of the hottest artist coming outta east oakland,ca.!! with SOUNDS like no other, LYRICS far above average & a STYLE BEYOND COMPARE!! its Mista Mistah aka 2 Mistahz.In the summer of 2009,Mista Mistah put his 1st mixtape"It's All On Me" on the streets but took a setback due to the lifestyles we live in Oakland. While locked down in the county jail, Mista mistah was slowly putting together a comprehensive plan to take over the of the nation by being known as a lyrical genius and vowed to never go back. From the time of his release, to the studio, to rockin' venues such as Sweetfingers, Maxwell's, Castro's Hideout + many more,his musical creativity has elevated. Now on top of his game more than ever before, droping exclusive music such as the WESTSIDE hit "Picture Me Rollin"(elevators),he is ready to take on the world and doors are slowly beginning to open for the young star to be so stay tuned!... firstname.lastname@example.com on Instagram @mistamistah510 youtube video search: 2 Mistahz more music at reverbnation.com/Mistamistah510 and like him on FB @ facebook.com/mistamistah510


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On Corporate Power
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Monday, December 17, 2012 0:00 - 2 Comments
On Corporate Power | On Environmental Foundations: An Interview with Cory Morningstar
In his latest column Michael Barker interviews Canadian writer and climate change campaigner Cory Morningstar about the debilitating impact liberal philanthropy has had on the environmental movement.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Wednesday, June 20, 2012 15:00 - 1 Comment
On Corporate Power | Foundations and Social Change: An Interview with Harry BrowneFor his latest column, Michael Barker interviews academic and author Harry Browne about the role of philanthropic foundations in journalism, activism and social change.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Sunday, May 20, 2012 0:00 - 2 Comments
On Corporate Power | Foundations for Empire: corporate philanthropy and US foreign policyIn his latest column, Michael Barker argues that, far from eradicating poverty and aiding economic development, major US philanthropic foundations have played a key role in undermining efforts to promote a meaningful democratic alternative to capitalism, both at home and abroad.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Tuesday, April 3, 2012 12:00 - 1 Comment
On Corporate Power | Of Pink Ribbons and PhilanthropyIn this month's column, Michael Barker addresses the commercialisation of the breast cancer movement which, as highlighted in Samantha King's recent book 'Pink Ribbons, Inc', has turned a personal tragedy into a "market-driven industry of survivorship".
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Wednesday, February 22, 2012 12:00 - 5 Comments
On Corporate Power | White Philanthropy For Black (Mis)educationMichael Barker looks at the central, highly ideological, role played over the past 150 years by US white philanthropists in shaping education policies for blacks, promoting the freedom of the few to exploit others, and the freedom of the many to endure it.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Tuesday, December 13, 2011 9:09 - 5 Comments
On Corporate Power | Of Ideology and PhilanthropyIn his latest column, Michael Barker examines the anti-democratic nature of liberal philanthropy. As he notes, many of the organisations that regularly challenge the legitimacy of corporate power are in fact often themselves funded by corporate donors.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Wednesday, November 23, 2011 3:17 - 3 Comments
On Corporate Power | Private Philanthropy Vs Public EducationMichael Barker explores the leading role played by private philanthropic foundations in the accelerating corporatisation of public education. Unless this relationship is understood and its impact resisted, he warns, we could be seeing the end of public education as we know it, with disastrous consequences.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Tuesday, October 25, 2011 4:22 - 3 Comments
On Corporate Power | Miseducation and the New SlaveryRuling class philanthropists have maintained a long history of subsuming educational needs to capitalist growth prerogatives. In his latest column, Michael Barker looks at how industrial education served as "a major force in the subjugation of black labour in the New South" in the United States.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Thursday, September 15, 2011 12:00 - 1 Comment
On Corporate Power Who owns American universities?In a new essay on corporate power, Ceasefire columnist Michael Barker examines the intriguing role of corporate philanthropy in the American higher education system.
New in Ceasefire, On Corporate Power - Sunday, February 20, 2011 0:00 - 4 Comments
On Corporate Power Rockefeller's Medicine MenIs there a relationship between capitalism and healthcare? If so, what is it? In his monthly essay investigating corporate power, Ceasefire columnist Michael Barker looks at how corporations shape our public healthcare systems, with disastrous results.
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text:
Listing information
- Stories: 0
- Lot Area: 0.81
- County: Mecosta
- Elementary School: Mecosta Elementary
- Style: Lot/Land
- New Construction: No
- Lot Size: 110x321x130x272
- High School: Chippewa Hills High School
- School District: Chippewa Hills
- Status: Active
- Foreclosure: No
- Estimated Annual Taxes: $469
- Middle School: Chippewa Hills Intermediate School
- Subdivision: W93 - Morton Twp
Assoc. Amenities Airport Landing Strip, Baseball Diamond, Beach Area, Campground, Clubhouse, Fitness Center, Golf Membership, Pool Indoor, Pool Outdoor, Restaurant/Bar, Security, Tennis
Auction or For Sale For Sale
Docs at List Office Plat Map
Lot Description Golf Community, Site Condo, Wooded
Mineral Rights No
Other Lot Square Footage - 35284.00, Road Frontage - 110.00, Waterfront Options: Water Frontage - 130.00
Property Sub-Type Lot
Sale Conditions None
Street Type Private
Terms Available Cash/Conventional
Util Avail at Street Electric, Natural Gas
Utilities Attached None
Water Fea. Amenities All Sports, Assoc Access, No Wake
Water Type River
Waterfront Options: Body of Water Little Muskegon Riv
Waterfront Options: Water Access Y/N Yes
Waterfront Options: Waterfront Y/N Yes
Listing Courtesy of Sue Kempton of Coldwell Banker Lakes Realty


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New Member
|Thread Tools
post #1 of 6 Old 04-07-2011, 06:17 PM Thread Starter
Hi Everyone, I'm new here. Look forward to meeting everyone through the forums. I know some stuff about fishkeeping but I have a lot left to learn. :)
post #2 of 6 Old 04-07-2011, 06:32 PM
post #3 of 6 Old 04-08-2011, 12:58 AM
Welcome to TFK! We are happy to have you with us.
If you don't stand up for something you'll fall for anything...
post #4 of 6 Old 04-08-2011, 07:11 AM
Hi Christine,
Welcome to TFK.
Welcome to TFK.
Animal testing is a terrible idea; they get all nervous and give the wrong answers.
post #5 of 6 Old 04-09-2011, 03:15 PM
hello and welocme :)
when you set up a new tank,hide an extra
sponge or two behind some decor,that way you have
something seeded for you next filter.
post #6 of 6 Old 04-09-2011, 05:13 PM
Hi Christine, and welcome to Tropical Fish Keeping forum.
Byron Hosking, BMus, MA
Vancouver, BC, Canada
The aquarist is one who must learn the ways of the biologist, the chemist, and the veterinarian. [unknown source]
Something we all need to remember: The fish you've acquired was quite happy not being owned by you, minding its own business. If youre going to take it under your wing then youre responsible for it. Every aspect of its life is under your control, from water quality and temperature to swimming space. [Nathan Hill in PFK]
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text:
Bruins, Belts & Beers: The Best Damn Viewing Party Period
BST&N joined forces with reigning Bruins Blog champ, Days of Y'Orr for a Bruins-Habs Viewing Party at the Place on March 8th.
The boys of DOY always make a grand entrance. And this night was no different. Rob, Greg, Jon, and Justin all entered the Place with championship blog belts draped over their shoulders.
Was this a Bruins game or Wrestlemania?
The crowds soon followed them like blogging pied pipers!
The puck dropped as did Johnny "Devourer of Souls" Boychuk to the ice as he got his ass handed to him. This was a theme for the rest of the game.
Boston's effort versus Montreal might have disappointed, but this gathering of over 50 fans of the Black and Gold did not. Nothing beats watching a game with people who are passionate about their hockey team.
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There was a great selection of Bruins t-shirts from Supahfans, Days Of Y'Orr, and Bottom Line Apparel up for grabs. There was kick ass Bobbby Orr abstract art from Chris Deroy. Dalton Sports Memorabilia stepped up in a big way by donating an autographed Tyler "Title" Seguin 16X20 autographed photo which Steve Altieri walked away with.
Black and Gold smiles all around.
Our host, the Place, also contributed a $100 gift card to the festivities and food to boot! A BST&N/DOY shout to Andre, SJ, and Heather for making us feel like royalty!
We hope to see you all at the Bruins Playoff Party at the Place this spring!
Hopefully the Bruins will bring a better effort and Z cuts back on destroying the opposition.
Related Posts
14 comments on "Bruins, Belts & Beers: The Best Damn Viewing Party Period"
Fantastic party. Gala night that was!!!!
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Local activists gearing up for Vermonta s Wall Street rally
There are 74 comments on the The Brattleboro Reformer story from Oct 8, 2011, titled Local activists gearing up for Vermonta s Wall Street rally. In it, The Brattleboro Reformer reports that:
After roughly 700 protesters were arrested earlier this week in New York City during demonstrations against the excesses of Wall Street, a handful of Vermonters are stepping up actions in the Green Mountain State.
Join the discussion below, or Read more at The Brattleboro Reformer.
#63 Oct 16, 2011
Somebody needs to excrete themself from the Matrix, the 'Left Right Paradigm'!
Will Our Nation Experience Another Kent State? http://www.prisonplanet.com/will-our-nation-e...
Saint Johnsbury, VT
#65 Nov 22, 2011
Read these comments and you may understand how successful the rich have been persuading the poor to vote against their own self interest. The rich have always been able to count on the general stupidity of the masses of Americans to suffer quietly and turn against their own kind, while the rich band together and increase their own wealth. The rich are rich because they are smarter and work as a group to solidify their control while the masses squabble and eat each other.
#66 Nov 22, 2011
"work as a group"? I don't think so. It is dog eat dog.
But I do agree that the rich are usually smarter if by that you mean they make better choices in their lives such as staying in school (the unemployment rate for college grads is 4%) and they are smarter because they choose to be harder working.
Saint Johnsbury, VT
#67 Nov 23, 2011
It's been said that Democracy grows into Oligarchy and finally political chaos. I think that is happening now and the process will increase as the competition for scarce resources become more pronounced and as the population rate increases without any let up.
Competition and greed, both necessary as evolutionary tools for survival, unfortunately have become so inculcated in the mind, that these latent survival tools will prove to be our undoing as a planetary civilization.
I wonder what later alien races will think about us as they sift through the detretis of our civilization.
#68 Nov 23, 2011
good points, until your stupid aliens crapola.
ain't no damn aliens and even if there were I'm sure they'd have better things to do than to sift thru our sh't
#69 Nov 24, 2011
I think the Republican party should be outlawed and those with thoughts other than the progressives should be sent to a re-education camp so they will think like us. Their wealth should be taken and given to the poor via gov't distribution. Hey, let's go bust some windows on wall st and while at it make a book pire of any conservative writers. Scary thing here is their are those in agreement with what I wrote, isn't that right you little brown shirts?
Saint Johnsbury, VT
#71 Nov 26, 2011
Did you witness the behavior of some consumers this Black Friday ? Can you imagine the behavior of the well armed American masses when our social system breaks down and a potable glass of water is worth as much as gold ? Will it matter if you call yourself a Liberal or Conservative if your wife needs to cover you with a shotgun as you walk out to your backyard for some task ?
#72 Nov 26, 2011
I have the shotgun already. We will just shoot flatlanders without even asking questions about why they are here. The urbanites will immigrate to Vermont in droves and we won't want to let them.
Saint Johnsbury, VT
#73 Nov 27, 2011
The Flatlanders are as well armed and well organised as you are.
Ok my point was that I fear what happened to all civilizations will happen to us unless there is some kind of thought change and I don't know if the human mind is able to change that drastically and abruptly.
Greed and self interest and aggression seem to be habituated into the human DNA.
You think ?
#74 Nov 27, 2011
If you consider human behavior from the perspective of evolution and what makes the human most likely to survive then Greed, self inrterest (self interest includes protecting the tribe ) and aggression (but only when it is without risk) are in fact characteristics we have evolved to. And we would have to evolve away from it for it to change and to some degree we are as aggression is much more controlled than it was say...a hundred years ago...but that is only because we implement self interest.
As for the guns...Vermonters have more guns per capita than any other state...and it is not the people who have moved here who own them. More guns and the least gun crime.
Saint Johnsbury, VT
#75 Nov 27, 2011
ok, I just don't see a way out of the future.
#76 Nov 27, 2011
The way lies in understanding and accepting what and who people are. Trust everyone but cut the cards. Be an optimist but don't set yourself up for too big a let down. Remember that being kind and charitable are both things that people do without being asked and they don't do it for moral reasons ...they do it because of self interest. And that is ok and in fact a better reason than some sort of "morality". Look for the objective rationalizm in your life.
#77 Nov 27, 2011
"...when our social system breaks down..."
--pppffffttt!'when'?!?(see the short vid below)
-BTW, the biatch ain't able to cover urass with the shotgun since she's too busy downtown fighting the Big Fight- to get that all important $2 chinese made waffle maker!->
Your 2012 Vote choices:
1- Re-elect Obama or vote for most any of the Republican candidates, all who want to take away your right to own a gun as Romney and CFR member Gingrich do,
Vote in President Ron Paul who will do away with the welfare state which is why so many fat stupid welfare-taking ugly Americans are at Walmart going nuts for such cheap crap anyhow, AND he'll do away with the globalist's damn 'free trade' schemes which is why we don't manufacture many wealth producing 'value-added goods' here in the U.S. anymore, and since he'll outlaw the unlawful 'money' we've put up with for decades (those non-federal 'Federal' Reserve dept notes in your wallet) then we'll get back to Constitutionally lawful metals-backed currency from a National Bank as it's supposed to be and without the international banksters robbing us anymore we'll be able to prosper and have a thriving economy and 'middle class' again.
We'll also have to outlaw breeding among the low class, the idiot sheeple class, like those rioting at the walmarts and those voting for anyone But Ron Paul.
Saint Johnsbury, VT
#78 Nov 28, 2011
Putney biker...........excellent words to live by.
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