text:
Association between neighborhood need and spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants in neighborhoods of Colonias
© Sharkey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009
Received: 05 August 2008
Accepted: 16 February 2009
Published: 16 February 2009
To determine the extent to which neighborhood needs (socioeconomic deprivation and vehicle availability) are associated with two criteria of food environment access: 1) distance to the nearest food store and fast food restaurant and 2) coverage (number) of food stores and fast food restaurants within a specified network distance of neighborhood areas of colonias, using ground-truthed methods.
Data included locational points for 315 food stores and 204 fast food restaurants, and neighborhood characteristics from the 2000 U.S. Census for the 197 census block group (CBG) study area. Neighborhood deprivation and vehicle availability were calculated for each CBG. Minimum distance was determined by calculating network distance from the population-weighted center of each CBG to the nearest supercenter, supermarket, grocery, convenience store, dollar store, mass merchandiser, and fast food restaurant. Coverage was determined by calculating the number of each type of food store and fast food restaurant within a network distance of 1, 3, and 5 miles of each population-weighted CBG center. Neighborhood need and access were examined using Spearman ranked correlations, spatial autocorrelation, and multivariate regression models that adjusted for population density.
Overall, neighborhoods had best access to convenience stores, fast food restaurants, and dollar stores. After adjusting for population density, residents in neighborhoods with increased deprivation had to travel a significantly greater distance to the nearest supercenter or supermarket, grocery store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, and pharmacy for food items. The results were quite different for association of need with the number of stores within 1 mile. Deprivation was only associated with fast food restaurants; greater deprivation was associated with fewer fast food restaurants within 1 mile. CBG with greater lack of vehicle availability had slightly better access to more supercenters or supermarkets, grocery stores, or fast food restaurants. Increasing deprivation was associated with decreasing numbers of grocery stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, and fast food restaurants within 3 miles.
It is important to understand not only the distance that people must travel to the nearest store to make a purchase, but also how many shopping opportunities they have in order to compare price, quality, and selection. Future research should examine how spatial access to the food environment influences the utilization of food stores and fast food restaurants, and the strategies used by low-income families to obtain food for the household.
Ecological approaches to behavior change and health recognize that there is a dynamic interaction between the individual and the environment [2, 8, 9]. For example, the consumption of healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables, are recommended for overall nutritional health; however, they are often not easily accessible [10]. Local food environments, which are a primary source for food that is consumed, may have an effect upon health and well-being through food cost and availability [11–14]. In documenting a relationship between food access and health, studies have used several proxy measures for health: 1) access to fruits and vegetables or other healthy foods, 2) intake of fruits and vegetables, and 3) prevalence of obesity. In a Colorado study that involved data collection at multiple times, greater availability of produce was associated with greater increase in fruit and vegetable servings [15]. In a review of 12 descriptive studies, Robinson found that dietary behaviors and fruit and vegetable intake among African Americans in the U.S. were the result of several factors, including food access and availability [9]. Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, Morland and colleagues found that regardless of race, fruit and vegetable intake was higher in census tracts with more supermarkets [11]. Additional observational studies supported this relationship [16–22]. In a study of urban New Orleans, Bodor and colleagues found that greater availability of fresh vegetables in the neighborhood, regardless of type of store, was associated with increased intake [23]. In contrast, a postal survey conducted among 426 respondents to a postal survey (42.6% response rate) in the U.K. found that travel distance to the nearest supermarket was not associated to either fruit or vegetable consumption [24]. In two U.K. natural experiments that involved the introduction of a new supermarket in an area that previously had limited access to food stores, the results were not consistent on a relationship between food access and consumption [25, 26]. Morland and colleagues looked at the relationship between food stores and obesity, using ARIC data, and found that obesity was associated with lower numbers of supermarkets and higher numbers of convenience stores within census tracts [27]. A large study in urban areas of Massachusetts found a significant association between environmental variables, such as presence of a supermarket, and obesity [28]. When considering away-from-home foods, such as fast food, Thomson and colleagues found a relationship between frequency of fast food consumption and development of obesity among U.S. girls [29].
However, the results of food environment studies from the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand that examined physical access to food stores are mixed. Some studies determined that families who live in poorer areas (e.g., lower socioeconomic or greater deprivation) or minority neighborhoods have little or no access to supermarkets, where there are larger selections of healthy foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy and meats) [12, 30–39]. Other studies found little or no difference in access to supermarkets between deprived and affluent areas [32, 40–45], or better access to food stores from more deprived neighborhoods [46–49]. Although the availability of healthy foods in food stores or consumption of healthy foods by residents is beyond the scope of this paper, it stands to reason that proximity of local food environments may influence food choice and adherence to dietary recommendations through food cost and availability [11–14, 18, 50].
Individual and community concerns with food security, limited access to supermarkets, higher costs for food (food price and transportation cost), and nutritional status are receiving increased attention [12, 18, 51–53]. However, there has been limited study related to: 1) use of multiple dimensions of spatial access to food stores, such as proximity (minimum distance) and coverage (number within a specified area), especially in the U.S. [14, 22, 35, 38, 40, 46, 49, 54]; 2) spatial equity – the distribution of food resources in relation to population need [46, 55–59]; 3) the growing influence of convenience stores and non-traditional food stores, such as mass merchandisers (e.g., Target, Kmart, Wal-Mart) and dollar stores on food availability [45, 60]; and 4) the increased reliance on fast-food meals for in-home and away-from-home consumption [42, 61, 62].
Using network-based spatial measures, our primary objective was to determine the extent to which neighborhood need is associated with spatial access to food stores and fast food outlets in areas of colonias by 1) identifying and geocoding all food stores and fast food outlets in a 197-census block group (CBG) area of Hidalgo County, using ground-truthed methods (direct observation and on-site GPS); 2) determining network-based potential spatial access using distance and coverage criteria; and 3) using multivariate models to examine the relationship between neighborhood need and potential spatial access to food stores and fast food outlets.
Study Area
Direct Measurement of Food Environment
Using a modified version of the 2002 North America Industry Classification System (NAICS) definitions [46, 64], three overall categories of food stores were identified: traditional food stores included supercenters, supermarkets, and grocery stores; convenience food stores included convenience stores and food marts; and non-traditional food stores were mass merchandisers (e.g., Kmart, Target, and Wal-Mart), dollar stores, and chain drug stores or pharmacies [65]. The following definitions were used to classify specific types of food stores by outside observation. Supercenters or superstores are very large stores that primarily engage in retailing a general line of groceries in combination with general lines of new merchandise, such as apparel, furniture, and appliances (e.g., Super Wal-Mart, Super Kmart). Although supermarkets and grocery stores primarily engage in retailing a general line of food, supermarkets are larger in size (>20,000 ft2), number of employees, and sales volume [30]. In this study, chain store identification and number of parking spaces (>100) were used to distinguish supermarkets from grocery stores [65]. Convenience stores or food marts primarily engage in retailing a limited line of goods that generally includes milk, bread, soda, and snacks. The convenience store category also included convenience stores with gasoline and gasoline stations with convenience stores. Mass merchandisers were large, general merchandise "value" stores, such as Kmart, Target, and Wal-Mart. Dollar stores are limited price general merchandise "value" stores, such as Dollar General or Family Dollar [66]. Pharmacies and drug stores that were part of national chains were included (e.g., CVS, Walgreens). Fast food restaurants were defined as limited-service restaurants where patrons order or select items and pay before eating. Since the fast food category of restaurants is more commonly associated with marketing less than healthy food items, other restaurant categories, such as full-service restaurants, which are seldom utilized by colonia residents [67], were excluded from study [68–70]. Using ground-truthed methods developed in a prior study and shown to be more accurate than the use of readily available data sources, food stores and fast food restaurants were identified by systematically driving all U.S., State, Farm-to-Market, and city/town roads in the study area [46]. Global Positioning System data were collected in front of each location using a Bluetooth Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)-enabled GPS receiver and the latest World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) datum. Locational points were determined after at least four satellite signals were detected. WAAS-enabled GPS has been shown to be significantly more accurate than typical, non-WAAS GPS [71], with positional accuracy of <3 meters [72].
Potential Spatial Access
Neighborhoods were characterized by CBG, which represent the smallest geographic unit of the census from which detailed "long form" social and economic data are tabulated [73, 74]. Two criteria of spatial access were calculated from the population-weighted centroid (population center) of each CBG [46, 75]: 1) proximity, and 2) coverage [40]. Proximity: ESRI's Network Analyst extension in ArcInfo 9.2 was used to calculate the shortest network distance along the road network between paired point data (population-weighted CBG centroid and the nearest corresponding food store or fast food restaurant within the study area). Separate distances were calculated from each CBG to each type of shopping opportunity – the nearest supercenter, supermarket, grocery store, convenience store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, pharmacy, and fast food restaurant in miles. Since both supercenters and supermarkets offer greater selections of foods, especially healthy options, and lower prices than other food store formats [14, 76], an additional distance measure was calculated to nearest supercenter or supermarket, which was defined as supercenters/supermarkets [35]. Coverage: Network Analyst computed the total number of each type of food store and fast food restaurant within a one-mile, three-mile, and five-mile buffer, using the shortest network distance from the population-weighted center of each CBG. Since the study area is not a large, highly dense urban area as much of the limited literature describes (e.g., Chicago, Detroit, Montreal, Los Angeles) [35, 40, 50], coverage distances were selected that represented a long walk (1 mile) and reachable by car (within 3 and 5 miles). Proximity measured the shortest distance needed to travel to a specific type of food store or fast food restaurant, while coverage indicates the number of shopping opportunities. More opportunities equates to greater accessibility [77].
Neighborhood Need
Using the 2000 SF-3, two socioeconomic indicators were used to estimate neighborhood need for access to food stores and fast food restaurants: 1) neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, and 2) the percentage of occupied households without an available vehicle. Neighborhoods with greater socioeconomic deprivation or lower vehicle availability are likely to have a greater need for access to food stores. An additional variable – population density (total population per square mile) – was calculated to characterize neighborhoods [35].
Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation
Seven CBG socioeconomic measures were extracted from the SF-3 that represented neighborhood unemployment, telephone service, public assistance, complete kitchen, complete plumbing, low education attainment, and poverty. Using established procedures, CBG data were merged and a factor analysis, using iterated principal factor method (Release 9, 2005, Stata Statistical Software), was constructed to reduce the number of linear combinations and to identify an overall index of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation [46, 58, 78–80]. One factor (eigenvalue 3.7) was identified and provided item loadings (in parenthesis), which were used to weight each variable's contribution to the deprivation summary score [58, 78, 79]: percent unemployed (0.52), percent of households without telephone service (0.60), percent of families receiving public assistance (0.70), percent of households lacking complete kitchen facilities (0.79), percent of households lacking complete plumbing facilities (0.79), percent 25-years or older and with less than 10 years education (0.83), and percent living below the poverty threshold (0.81). The internal consistency of this measure was good (Cronbach's α = 0.79). The neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (deprivation) index was standardized by dividing the index by the square of the eigenvalue [58, 81].
Statistical Analysis
Release 9 of Stata Statistical Software was used for all statistical analyses; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Descriptive statistics were estimated for the accessibility and need indicators. Spearman rank correlation method was used to test the direction and strength between access criteria and need indicators. Because nearby neighborhoods are more likely to have similar access characteristics than distant ones, we examined spatial nature of the data using spatial autocorrelation measures – i.e. how neighborhoods are spatially correlated in terms of access to different food stores. Moran's I statistics, one of the most commonly used measures of global spatial autocorrelation, were obtained for both distance and coverage methods of access measures. Spatial weight matrix was constructed based on binary connectivity (adjacency), and expected I, variance, and z-scores were obtained to assess significance of the correlation in Geoda [82]. Moran's I values range between -1 and 1, with values near 1 indicating highly positive spatial autocorrelation of similar access characteristics.
Finally, a single multivariate regression model was fitted to determine the relationship of neighborhood need (deprivation and vehicle availability) to potential spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants, controlling for population density. The multivariate model was chosen instead of seven separate multiple regression models (one for each outcome variable) for two reasons: 1) the seven outcome variables are correlated with each other and the multivariate regression accounts for this correlation when testing hypotheses about the predictor variables; and 2) the final collection of models is easier to interpret if the same predictor variables are identified for all seven types of food stores and fast food restaurants.
Neighborhood need indicators and spatial accessibility to food stores and fast food restaurants*
Mean ± SD
Neighborhood Need
Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, %
Residents in poverty†
33.9 ± 16.1
Public assistance†
10.8 ± 7.1
6.5 ± 3.5
Households with no telephone service†
2.8 ± 3.1
Households that lack complete plumbing facilities†
3.3 ± 4.4
Households that lack complete kitchen facilities†
2.9 ± 3.7
<10th grade education†
39.1 ± 18.3
Households without available vehicle
11.5 ± 9.5
Population density
3189.0 ± 2473.7
Spatial Accessibility
Proximity (minimum distance in miles) ‡
Traditional Food Stores
5.93 ± 3.17
3.71 ± 2.70
2.84 ± 1.85
Grocery Store
5.11 ± 4.05
1.03 ± 0.81
Non-Traditional Food Stores
Dollar Stores
2.03 ± 1.52
Mass Merchandisers
6.08 ± 3.82
8.25 ± 6.50
Fast Food Restaurants
1.35 ± 1.19
Coverage – 1 Mile §
Traditional Food Stores
0.07 ± 0.25
0.17 ± 0.43
0.27 ± 0.55
Grocery Store
0.22 ± 0.60
Convenience Food Stores
2.99 ± 2.65
Non-Traditional Food Stores
Dollar Stores
0.56 ± 0.78
Mass Merchandisers
0.10 ± 0.40
0.07 ± 0.25
Fast Food Restaurants
4.33 ± 5.46
Coverage – 3 Miles ¶
Traditional Food Stores
0.28 ± 0.45
0.81 ± 0.72
1.19 ± 1.05
Grocery Store
0.73 ± 0.91
Convenience Food Stores
18.29 ± 7.98
Non-Traditional Food Stores
Dollar Stores
3.15 ± 2.15
Mass Merchandisers
0.60 ± 0.85
0.41 ± 0.64
Fast Food Restaurants
20.73 ± 12.96
Coverage – 5 Miles #
Traditional Food Stores
0.56 ± 0.52
1.58 ± 1.27
2.31 ± 1.79
Grocery Store
1.64 ± 1.27
Convenience Food Stores
42.25 ± 15.40
Non-Traditional Food Stores
Dollar Stores
7.05 ± 3.61
Mass Merchandisers
1.06 ± 1.13
0.81 ± 0.90
Fast Food Restaurants
42.70 ± 23.53
Spatial Accessibility and Need
Spearman ranked correlations between potential spatial accessibility and neighborhood need
One Mile
Three Mile
Five Miles
Traditional FS
-0.173 †
-0.215 †
-0.223 ‡
-0.171 †
-0.223 ‡
0.214 ‡
-0.278 ‡
-0.228 ‡
0.253 ‡
0.208 ‡
0.347 ‡
-0.289 ‡
-0.442 ‡
-0.245 ‡
-0.271 ‡
0.177 †
-0.297 ‡
-0.297 ‡
Non-Traditional FS
Dollar Store
-0.178 †
-0.373 ‡
-0.409 ‡
-0.263 ‡
Mass Merchandiser
0.398 ‡
-0.201 †
-0.444 ‡
-0.406 ‡
0.472 ‡
0.159 †
-0.404 ‡
-0.468 ‡
Fast Food Restaurants
-0.237 ‡
0.203 †
-0.364 ‡
-0.404 ‡
-0.255 ‡
Spatial autocorrelation statistics for accessibility measures (distance and coverage)
Distance to the nearest (in miles)
Number of stores within 1 network mile
Number of stores within 3 network miles
Number of stores within 5 network miles
Moran's I
Moran's I
Moran's I
Moran's I
Grocery store
Convenience store
Mass merchandiser
Dollar store
Fast food restaurant
Multivariate Models for Access
Association between proximity and need, using multivariate linear regression
Access as network distance to the nearest
Grocery Store
Convenience Store
Mass Merchandiser
Dollar Store
Fast Food Restaurant
Need variable
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
0.133 (0.053)†
0.475 (0.115)‡
-0.031 (0.025)
0.537 (0.105)‡
0.121 (0.041)†
1.061 (0.161)‡
0.053 (0.034)
No Vehicle
-0.029 (0.016)
-0.024 (0.035)
-0.005 (0.007)
0.012 (0.032)
-0.015 (0.012)
0.032 (0.049)
-0.009 (0.010)
Association between 1-mile coverage and need, using multivariate linear regression
Access as coverage within 1-mile network buffer
Grocery Store
Convenience Store
Mass Merchandiser
Dollar Store
Fast Food Restaurant
Need variable
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
-0.008 (0.017)
0.025 (0.116)
0.101 (0.080)
-0.027 (0.012)
-0.030 (0.024)
-0.001 (0.008)
-0.429 (0.161)†
No Vehicle
0.013 (0.005)*
0.018 (0.005)‡
0.012 (0.024)
-0.004 (0.004)
0.007 (0.007)
-0.004 (0.002)
0.118 (0.049)*
Association between 3-mile coverage and need, using multivariate linear regression
Access as coverage with 3-mile network buffer
Grocery Store
Convenience Store
Mass Merchandiser
Dollar Store
Fast Food Restaurant
Need variable
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
b (SE)
-0.041 (0.033)
-0.105 (0.027)‡
-0.078 (0.250)
-0.154 (0.022)‡
-0.265 (0.061)‡
-0.084 (0.018)‡
-1.830 (0.361)‡
No Vehicle
0.013 (0.010)
0.007 (0.008)
-0.089 (0.237)
0.003 (0.007)
-0.004 (0.018)
-0.0004 (0.005)
0.075 (0.109)
This study extends our understanding of spatial access to food resources from neighborhoods that are more socioeconomically deprived or have greater proportions of households without available transportation by examining two dimensions of access: 1) proximity (distance) to the nearest food store or fast food restaurant and 2) coverage (number) of food stores or fast food restaurants within a specified distance [40]. In contrast to studies that narrowly define the food environment as supermarkets and/or fast food restaurants [38], our examination of access from primarily colonia neighborhoods in an area of high or persistent poverty along the South Texas border with Mexico focuses on all food stores (i.e., supercenters, supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, and pharmacies) and fast food restaurants.
Overall, neighborhoods had the best spatial access to a convenience store or fast food restaurant, both in the distance to the nearest convenience store or fast food restaurant and in the number of shopping opportunities at convenience stores or fast food restaurants within a certain distance of the neighborhood. Among traditional food stores, supercenter/supermarket provided greater proximity and coverage than any individual type of traditional food store. When neighborhood deprivation was considered, the results differed between proximity-determined and coverage-determined access. Using distance to the nearest store as a measure of access, CBG with increased deprivation were correlated with poor access to the nearest supercenter or grocery and good access to a convenience store. More limited availability of a vehicle was correlated with better proximity to a supercenter/supermarket, convenience store, dollar store, and fast food restaurant. However, after controlling for population density, increased deprivation was associated with greater distance to the nearest supercenter/supermarket, grocery store, mass merchandiser, dollar store, and pharmacy. Vehicle availability was not associated with any food store or fast food restaurant. This suggests that neighborhoods with greater need have poorer spatial access to the type of stores where greater selections and lower prices are available [83].
Initially, study results of coverage criterion showed that neighborhoods of greater deprivation were associated with better access to grocery stores within 1-network mile, which is opposite of the relationship using proximity. As the buffer distance increased, food store and fast food restaurant access declined with increasing deprivation. For neighborhoods with decreasing availability of a vehicle, access to food stores and fast food restaurants was greater within a 1-mile buffer, and reverse with increasing distance. After controlling for population density, neighborhoods of increased deprivation had access to fewer fast food restaurants within 1-network mile; none of the food stores was significant. At the same distance, neighborhoods with decreasing vehicle availability were more likely to have more supercenter/supermarkets, grocery stores, or fast food restaurants within one mile. At three miles, increasing deprivation was associated with fewer grocery stores, mass merchandisers, dollar stores, pharmacies, and fast food restaurants; all controlled for population density. At this same distance, vehicle availability was not associated with any aspect of the food environment.
Regardless of measure, access to the food environment, especially to supercenter/supermarkets, where the largest selections of affordable healthy foods are marketed [84], was a major problem for many residents of colonia neighborhoods in South Texas. Access in terms of distance to the nearest food store and the variety of stores within a given area was relatively better to convenience stores and fast food restaurants, where the opportunities for healthy foods are limited [65, 85]. This study found similar pictures of spatial distribution for proximity and coverage. The value of using both measures is in the disparate information that each provides. Proximity provides a measure of network distance to the nearest store of a specific type. This can also provide a sense of travel time from starting point. Coverage describes choice; that is, the number of stores and potential difference in selection and/or price that are available within a given area.
Unlike much larger urban areas [35, 40], none of the neighborhoods in this study had more than two supercenter/supermarkets within one mile and 94% did not have more than three within three miles. Being able to walk to a supermarket was out of the question for almost all the neighborhoods in this study. This compares with more urban areas in which a supermarket is walkable [38, 40, 42]. The difference in population density may explain much of this; for example, the Zenk study in Detroit estimated a median population density of 5367.4 while this study reports a median of 2528.9 [35].
There are several major strengths to this study, especially in relation to other studies. Instead of using a single measure of access, usually the distance to the nearest supermarket [35, 46, 86], this study used two different criteria of accessibility [40, 49]. Unlike prior studies that focused on supermarkets [17, 35, 40, 49, 87], this study extends our understanding of potential spatial access of neighborhoods to a dramatically changing food environment. One example of the type of changes that continue to occur is referred to as channel blurring, whereby retail stores have extended their product mix into food categories not previously carried [60, 88]. For example, convenience stores have extended their offerings of food items; supercenters have expanded; and growing assortments of shelf-stable and refrigerated food items have been added to dollar stores and mass merchandisers. As a result, this study presents a comprehensive look at the food environment and acknowledges the presence and contribution of different food store formats to the accessibility of food items. The exclusion of convenience stores, supercenters, dollar stores, and mass merchandisers would understate the availability of food items [65]. This is one of the few studies that used ground truthing to identify and collect on-site GPS data for all food stores and fast food restaurants within the study area. This approach provides a more complete and accurate depiction of the food environment than data from secondary sources [46]. In this study, we were able to better account for population distribution, thus minimize aggregation errors, by using population-weighted centroids, and provide more accurate access measures using network distance in calculating both minimum distance and coverage areas [46, 77].
This study has several limitations. The distance measurement describes shopping opportunities; that is, what is potentially accessible, but does not include where people choose to shop for food items. Although public transportation is not available in all areas, available transportation routes were not included. Distance measures assume that the home is the starting point; however, individual starting points vary and may include different activities as the beginning of multiple stops that include grocery shopping [89]. Finally, the results of this study may not be generalized to other areas.
Access and availability to the food environment will play a pivotal role for the nutritional health of families, especially among the increasing Hispanic population within neighborhoods of colonias. Many of these neighborhoods experience overall socioeconomic deprivation; many are home to large proportions of residents who have a low household income, are unemployed, or lack access to a vehicle. The lack of public transportation, especially in many of the areas, further marginalizes a large, disadvantaged population and limits their options for food resources. Indeed, it is difficult to initiate or maintain healthful eating habits without access to healthy foods. Knowing more about the food environment is essential for combining environmental approaches with traditional health interventions to make it easier for individuals to make healthier food choices [90]. The preparation for policy change to strengthen food assistance programs or program delivery activities, or interventions to improve nutritional health should include an understanding of the community – where people live and where they shop for food [90]. Additionally, it is important to understand not only the distance that people must travel to the nearest store to make a purchase, but also how much diversity in stores they have in order to compare price, quality, and selection. Future research should examine how spatial access to the food environment influences the utilization of food stores and fast food restaurants, and the strategies used by low-income Hispanic families in this area to obtain food for the household.
census block group
Colonia Food Environment Project.
This research was supported with funding from the USDA Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Innovation and Development Grants in Economics Program, awarded by the Southern Rural Development Center, Mississippi State University. Analyses of the data and drafting of the manuscript were supported with funding from the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities grant # 5P20MD002295 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers Program, through the Center for Community Health Development cooperative agreement #5U48DP000045. The authors acknowledge the insightful comments and suggestions from four anonymous reviewers.
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Despite attempting to withdraw a guilty plea, a former Fort Knox soldier arrested last June on a charge of incest was sentenced Tuesday in Hardin Circuit Court to 20 years in prison.
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The rushed feeling you get from walking on the ground after running on the treadmill. Someone with Conveyor Belt Syndrome walks 1.5x to 2.0x faster than normal.
Bill: I just got off the treadmill and I feel like I'm walking twice as fast as normal.
Bob: Yeah dude, you've got Conveyor Belt Syndrome.
Bob: Yeah dude, you've got Conveyor Belt Syndrome.
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Bayou Bombers to play next summer
Brandon Fisher spoke to the Franklin City Council last week regarding the Bayou Bombers of Franklin, the first semi-pro football team in the city, Fisher said.
The team is open to players age 18 and out of high school. Team members must be drug-free, Fisher said.
Players will be responsible for their own helmets and shoulder pads. There will be five home games and five away games, Fisher said.
Registration will be $50, and Fisher says he hopes practice and games will be at Franklin Senior High School.
The league begins next summer. Fisher said funds earned from the league's activities will be donated to the Franklin Senior High School Athletic Department.
For more information, contact Fisher at 985-498-9561.
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In most countries around the world, when a number of high-ranking military officers take a public stand against the country's leadership, it's a sign that a military coup is in the offing. In America, however, it's a sign that our First Amendment guarantee of free speech is still alive and well–at least for now.
It's one thing when retired generals, whose military careers are obviously behind them, speak out against a sitting president. This has often been the case lately. For example, retired U.S. Army Major General Paul E. Vallely has been vocal about his belief that American liberty will only be restored through peaceful marches and protests to force the resignations of key political leaders, including President Obama. General Vallely has been joined by Air Force Brigadier General Charles Jones to create a "citizen's council" directly challenging the administration's policy decisions. Obama's treatment of Islamic terrorists, including his trade of several Guantanamo Bay detainees for accused deserter Bowe Bergdahl has drawn fire from two other retired generals, Air Force Major General Bentley Rayburn and four-star Army General Jack Keane.
However, it must be even more troubling to the Obama administration to be called out by active-duty officers. Lending his voice to that of highly-decorated retired Army Major General Patrick Henry Brady, active-duty 4-star Marine General and US Southern Command Commander John Kelly has argued publicly that the current border crisis threatens America's very existence.
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Particularly in regards to the drug trade, murder rates and terrorist activity brewing in Central America, Kelly says, the waves of Latin Americans sweeping through Mexico and illegally into Texas presents a threat to the U.S. every bit as serious as Iran or North Korea.
"In comparison to other global threats, the near collapse of societies in [this] hemisphere with the associated drug and [illegal immigrant] flow are frequently viewed to be of low importance," Kelly said in an interview with Defense One. "Many argue these threats are not existential and do not challenge our national security. I disagree."
It isn't the first time Kelly has sounded the alarm. In testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee in March, Kelly complained that budget cuts in recent years have handcuffed the military's ability to shut down many drug and human trafficking corridors.
The leaders of America's armed forces have a unique perspective on governance, as they are often close to the decision makers and sometimes called upon to enact, or clean up after, policy decisions. Their opinions are not, of course, of inherently more value than anyone else's–although they are typically better informed.
However, they are long-service officers and have served under multiple administrations, allowing them to draw comparisons and contrasts between leaders and policies.
To put it bluntly: when this many generals with this much combined experience observing, implementing, and evaluating U.S. policy agree that America is headed in the wrong direction, the American people would be fools not to pay attention.
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The Tony Awards Will Bring A Battle Of Little Kids
The British production of 'Matilda'
Quvenzhane Wallis set a whole new tone for the Oscar Best Actress race; she was the youngest nominee ever in that category, at a mere nine years old!
But she didn't have to fight it out with other kids--just a few grown women and one really old (fabulous) lady.
Well, that was then.
The Tony awards' Best Actress in a Musical category happens to be shaping up as a big old mudfight in the schoolyard.
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TicketsFri., Mar. 3, 7:00pm
It's the girls vs. the girls!
I'd bet my gay life that the four young things who alternate in the title role of Matilda (three 10-year-olds and a nine-year-old) will be nominated as a team, the way the Billy Elliot boys were.
And their stiff (but tiny) competition could very well come from Lilla Crawford in Annie, who's gotten good notices for belting "Tomorrow" and being an all-around moppet. Her getting recognized wouldn't be that surprising. After all, Broadway's original Annie, Andrea McArdle, was nominated way back in the '70s.
And Lilla has a lot of tomorrows ahead of her. When her casting was announced last April, she was 11, so I'm assuming she's all of 12 now. That's older than the Matildas, but not exactly French-arthouse-film-about-a-stroke territory yet.
So when they announce the winner in that category, expect to hear even more shrieking and pigtail pulling than usual.
Gosh, when I was a kid, the only contest I was in was to see who could get out of gym the fastest the second the bell rang.
Congrats to all these girls. And now that Quvenzhane is playing Annie in a movie, could she be up for the Oscar Best Actress again?
Lilla Crawford
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Serves 4
Pork and fruit are one of the classic flavor combinations in cuisines around the world, and pork paired with mango is a traditional presentation in the Caribbean and Mexico's Yucatàn region. This dish is perfect for weekend entertaining in summertime, and the salsa works just as well with grilled chicken, tuna, or swordfish. Leave the jalapeño seeds in the salsa it you want to make it hotter Add a side of mashed potatoes, Spanish rice, or grilled vegetables if you like.
For the Salsa
1 ripe mango, peeled, pitted, and diced
1/2 cup seeded and finely diced green bell pepper
1/2 cup fresh corn kernels (from 1 ear of corn)
1/3 cup finely diced red onion
1 tablespoon freshly squeezed lime juice
1 tablespoon chopped fresh cilantro leaves
1 jalapeño or serrano chile, seeded and minced
For the Pork
4 boneless center-cut pork chops,
3/4-inch thick (about 6 ounces each)
Juice of 1 lime
Salt, to taste
2 tablespoons coarsely cracked pepper
To prepare the salsa, place the mango, bell pepper, corn, onion, lime juice, cilantro, and chile in a mixing bowl and combine thoroughly. Let sit for 30 minutes at room temperature for the flavors to marry (refrigerate if keeping longer).
Prepare the grill.
To prepare the pork, brush both sides of the pork chops with the lime juice and season with salt. Press the pepper onto both sides of the chops and grill the chops over medium-high heat for 5 to 7 minutes on each side, until medium, or to the desired doneness. Transfer to serving plates and top with the salsa.
If you don't have a grill brush handy at your next barbecue, use a piece of crumpled foil as a scouring pad when cleaning your outdoor grill rack.
Jim Coleman's Flavors
By Jim Coleman with
John Harrisson and Candace Hagan
Clarkson Potter/Publishers, September 2001
Hardback, $25.95
288 pages with 28 full-color photographs
Recipe reprinted by permission.
This page created December 2001
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Over the last five years, as the UK economy has tripped, slipped and crawled from crisis towards recovery, the banking industry has been forced to reflect on what went wrong, and to work towards rebuilding trust among the public.
A lot has changed since financial calamity struck in the summer of 2007, much for the better. For a start, your money is safer.
If a bank goes bust, the level of protection for ordinary savers has more than doubled. In 2007, the maximum payout from the Financial Services Compensation Scheme was £31,700 per person. Now it is £85,000.
Banks have rebuilt their balance sheets and are already holding three times more capital than they did at the beginning of the turmoil, according to the British Bankers Association (BBA). That means they should be much better prepared for any future crisis and freeze in funding.
Senior executives are under greater scrutiny than ever before. Since 2007, 90 per cent of top executives at the major British banking groups have changed, and the bonus culture of old is under review. From 2014, bonuses will be capped at no more than fixed salary, rising to twice the salary if shareholders give their approval, says the BBA.
There have also been significant changes to regulation which have placed more emphasis on protecting consumers. The Financial Services Authority, which presided over the banking system before the crisis and failed to spot the escalating dangers, has been abolished and three new bodies created in its place.
The Financial Conduct Authority, the main regulator of retail services, has promised a much more muscular and proactive approach to protect consumers from bad practice so there is no repeat, for example, of the payment protection insurance (PPI) mis-selling scandal.
There has also been a push for greater transparency, which has resulted in some banks shutting down their financial advice arms for good. Although this has narrowed choice, these bank advisers had become tainted with the stain of past mis-selling. Financial advisers are now banned from receiving commission for the products and services they recommend to customers and have to attain a new minimum professional standard of qualification.
However, no amount of toughened regulation can make up for the fact that savers have had to put up with miserly savings rates for years, thanks to the Bank of England's policy of low interest rates and money printing or quantitative easing. The average instant-access account pays just 0.66 per cent now, compared with 4.21 per cent in October 2007.
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For now, though, it means banks are listening harder than ever to our views on how they can win us back.
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Russel C. Chase Bridge-Falls Path is a 6 mile moderately trafficked out and back trail located near Wolfeboro, New Hampshire that features a lake. The trail is good for all skill levels and primarily used for walking, horses, and mountain biking. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
dogs on leash
wheelchair friendly
kid friendly
mountain biking
rails trails
horseback riding
This is an awesome trail to walk or bike on. It has beautiful views of Lake Winnipesaukee and Lake Wentworth as well as many wooded miles. The Path is well maintained.
Paul C.
walking6 months ago
mountain biking2 years ago
If you're looking for a hard packed well groomed trail? This is the one to do. Its a rails to trails setup. There are several awesome scenes and the trail is laid with gravel for easy riding. Great trails for families or novice riders.


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Thunderbird 1967 for sale on US's largest classifieds sites (29 results)
1967 Thunderbird Fully Loaded - Runs and Drive
This is a very good example of a 1967 Thunderbird. It is the four door model which is very uncommon and as you can see from the pictures features suicide doors. It is a fully loaded car and has every possible option you could imagine from the time including the 428 V8 engine, cruise control, a
Year: 1967
1967 Ford Thunderbird Custom
I have for sale a 1967 Ford Thunderbird. It is a 4 door suicide door car. The car has the original 428 CI motor with custom exhaust that includes cut offs, bellflower tips, and flame throwers. The body is rust free with a custom swade pearl red paint job and a custom painted mural on the trunk. Other ...
1967 Ford Thunderbird
Restorable project car.1967 Ford Thunderbird 2dr. 390 Automatic Car will start, but will not run continuously on it\'s own, needs possible rebuild or valve seals and carb. Leave a message if interested (231) 75zero- zero9zero4 Calls only, I don\'t have time for pathetic idiots who try to s
1967 thunderbird
1967 Ford Thunderbird
1967 Ford Thunderbird for sale. 6.4 liter, 390 V8. RWD pushing 315 HP. First year for the hidden headlights on the Thunderbird. Dual exhaust with a great rumble, starts right up every time!! Too much to mention here, so text me for more info. Possible trade considered but cash is king. Serious buyers ...
1967 Ford Thunderbird CHEAP
Only 54k original Miles. This car has only had 3 owners since it rolled off the dealership.15% was began to get restored. Hate to Let it go this Cheap Will go fast.My loss Your Gain.
1967 thunderbird
1967 Ford Thunderbird
1967 Ford Thunderbird for sale. 6.4 liter, 390 V8. RWD pushing 315 HP. First year for the hidden headlights on the Thunderbird. Dual exhaust with a great rumble, starts right up every time!! Too much to mention here, so text me for more info. Possible trade considered but cash is king. Serious buyers ...
1966 barracuda /1967 thunderbird
1966 barracuda, 318ci motor ,auto trans very very clean, drives perfect, interior is great older restoration but still looks great.$ 11,500 call jason , please don\'t call to help me sell. And have a very original clean no rust ,Thunderbird with 1967 4 door (suicide doors) with 390ci mot
Year: 1966
1967 Ford Thunderbird
Very nice, lots of new updates, runs excellent, extremely fun to cruise in. Ready to go for fun at any moment. Motivated seller, call or text with questions. Would consider trade for other classic car or truck.
1967 Ford Thunderbird 2dr - $2000 (Uvalde)
GREAT PROJECT CAR! 1967 Ford Thunderbird - $2k OBO - 390 motor! It is exactly as stated- a project car- looking for a project for you and your sons???This is perfect! Please call 830-279-3108 for more details! Or email me for more pictures! Location: Uvalde it`s NOT ok to contact this poster wi...
1967 Ford Thunderbird - $1000 (Jacksonville, Arkansas)
390 engine. Rebuilt transmission. 4 Door (suicide doors) Runs well, but needs a good tune up and some TLC. We are located in Jacksonville, Arkansas. Call 501-457-7147 leave a message if you don`t get an answer and we`ll get back top you as soon as possible. Location: Jacksonville, Arkansas it...
1967 ford thunderbird - $7000 (prineville)
I have a 1967 FORD THUNDERBIRD for sale. This is my daily driver. This car has spent most of it`s life stored in a garage, and only has 135,750 miles (at time of ad posting, but it is my daily driver). It is in very nice shape for an unrestored car of it`s age. Overall it has been a great car, and wo...
1967 Ford Thunderbird - $6995 (Alamosa, CO)
PRICE REDUCED! Nice collector car. Special Landau with Suicide Doors NEW PAINT, NEW VINYL TOP, NEW TIRES, * NOW NEW CLOTH UPHOLSTERY! Professional documented examination by dealership and all concerns have been fixed. Spare tire never used MANY NEW IMAGES !! Call or email for more information.......
1967 ford thunderbird - $4250 (bellevue)
1967 thunderbird with 390 engine 4 door suicide all power call for more details 402-812-3267 car located near bellevue on iowa side Location: bellevue it`s NOT ok to contact this poster with services or other commercial interests
***CLASSIC 1967 THUNDERBIRD*** - $10000 (Eagle Nest, NM)
Up for sale is this classic beauty. A 1967 Ford Thunderbird!!! LOW MILEAGE!!! 390 V8 with a lot of power. Runs good. Call Dean (575) 707-8070. Location: Eagle Nest, NM it`s NOT ok to contact this poster with services or other commercial interests
Year: 1967, Make: Eagle
Thunderbird Ford 1967 - $3000 (Dubuque, Ia)
MUST SELL: 1967 Ford Thunderbird tudor - 2 door I have a black 1967 ford thunderbird there are only 600 of these on the road today. it runs and drives great good interior fair body solid frame started sanding and priming about 1/3 finished it is currently being stored in my barn but is very acces...
2 1967 ford thunderbird bucket seats - $150 (fairfield)
2 bucket seats out of 1967 Ford Thunderbird, color are white, no tares, driver is electric, perfect for any older ford car or truck. both 150.00 Location: fairfield it`s NOT ok to contact this poster with services or other commercial interests
1967 Ford Thunderbird Landau - $2000 (North Syracuse)
**Please read the whole ad before responding** Up for sale is a 1967 Ford Thunderbird Landau, 4 door with suicide doors and what is, I believe, around 87k miles. Rare. I`ve done some research, and haven`t found too many others. More 2 doors than 4. I bought it a couple years ago for $1800 with the ...
1967 Ford Thunderbird - $25000 (Spanish Springs)
1967 Ford Thunderbird $25,000.00 or best offer. Black with Suicide doors, new engine and block, less than 500 miles, new brakes, new tires, new front end, A/C works, power windows, new radio, new landau top. Must see to appreciate. Have paper work on completed work done in Reno. Please call 475-...


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Ran Lydell wrote:
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Diane <firstname.lastname@example.com>
> To: <email@example.com>
> Sent: Saturday, September 30, 2000 5:19 PM
> Subject: Jim Hawes is Back!
> > Good to see you back, Jim. Now start
> > getting under peoples' skins again!! :)
> -------------------------------------------------
Yes, back but still in a lurking mode mostly. As many know, I must be in
Florida to care for my wife who is seriously ill. I care for my hosta garden
in Maryland by remote control only it seems.
I did not mean to stir up a hornets nest by commenting on Bill Nash's
original post of August 21 re 'Amime' nor Beth's post requesting additional
information on this hosta. But a little more true information might be of
interest to some, altho irritating to others.
Bill Nash's original post was essentially correct about the hosta 'Amime'.
Bette obtained it from a mutual friend, Toyozo Nakayama, as did I. She
donated a piece to the AHS auction as stated by Bill, not knowing it may have
had virus x. Meanwhile she had it tested by a firm in Ohio using Dr.
Lockhart's protocols. The test showed positive, then Bette took the
initiative of communicating with the purchaser and returning the purchase
price to her personally. In my view this was a magnanimous offer by Bette. It
was not until some time later that the AHS reimbursed Bette for the
financial loss incurred by her donation of a plant found to be infected with
virus x. This was no fault of Bette who acted very responsibly in this
matter. Bette also destroyed two plants she still possessed in her nursery
garden. I decided to keep my plant to observe its growth as I have already
stated. Meanwhile, the AHS powers that be were having a cow. Some were
reported to be very upset that they were appearing to be at fault for
"promoting " a hosta which had been inported from Japan with a virus.
Decisions were made not to even talk about this incident, nor to publish
photos of this hosta. I sent an excellent photo of 'Amime' to the Journal
Editor but never received it back as I requested. It appeared that 'Amime'
was now relegated to the dump heap with the hope that everything would be
I planted two pieces in my garden under informal quarantine, not knowing the
status of the presence of virus x on my original plant.. I also sent a piece
of 'Amime' to a tissue culture lab to see if the meristem explant would
outgrow the virus and become healthy once more, if it indeed it had virus x..
I am sure I was violating the unstated, secret policy of AHS by doing so. I
am also sure that what I was doing was going to be found out and would be
considered controversial But what the Hell, its still a free country!!!!.
What happened? The propagules came out of tc all green without any yellow
coloration of veins. The same happened to my plants in quarantine. All plants
of 'Amime' in my garden are now all green. I have not tested them because
they are of little economic value having lost their coloration.
So what is the "rest of the story"? A similar selection with yellow veins has
been made. Bette obtained it from Japan and traded me a piece of this plant
which has been tested for the presence of virus. It tested negative and is
clear of virus x . It is called 'Mito No Hana'. At Bette's request, I have
shared it with Alex Summers and no one else. I presume that it exists in Van
Wade's garden since ( I understand) he purchased Bette's Japanese
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
Junkies, prepare for doom, death, plaid tanks, beers, chicks, fire trucks and more doom (and all you goddamn hippies head for higher ground).
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1 Comment to "Carlotta Champagne Puts Together a Bookcase!"
July 30th, 2014 at 11:10 pm
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Tactical Pants - Galls
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July 31, 2009
by Paul Scarlata
- Also by this author
First Impressions
Ruger's Ken Jorgensen kindly provided me with an LCR to evaluate for POLICE. When you first handle an LCR, you are immediately aware of three things: its light weight, its excellent ergonomics, and what can only be described as one of the best double-action triggers I have ever felt on an out-of-the-box revolver.
As fellow writer, gunsmith, and firearms trainer Pat Sweeney told me at the SHOT Show, "The LCR has a trigger you would have to pay a gunsmith big bucks to get on any other revolver."
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Shooting the LCR
At my first opportunity I took the LCR out to the range and ran it through its paces. While I see little sense in trying to shoot tiny groups from a rest with this type of handgun, many readers find it informative so I fired a number of groups with three brands of .38 Special ammunition.
After chronographing the three brands of ammunition, I proceeded to run a series of offhand drills on a D-1 target set out at seven yards.
Thanks to its polymer construction and the Hogue grips, felt recoil was less than I had imagined and fast, accurate follow-up shots were easy to perform. Much to my surprise considering how light the Ruger is and thanks in no little part to its excellent trigger pull, every round I sent down range ended up in the X and 10 rings of the target.
I carried the LCR in a Gould & Goodrich ankle holster for several weeks and, thanks to its small size and light weight, was rarely aware that I had a handgun on me.
If you or your agency are looking for a lightweight, easily concealable handgun for undercover officers or as a backup or off-duty handgun, I believe that you will find the LCR a most viable choice.
Paul Scarlata has served as an auxiliary police officer and is a frequent contributor to POLICE.
For more information visit Ruger online.
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Join the Nation's Conversation
To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs
Visitors 'tilt' for views of Chicago
360 Chicago has built a new attraction for visitors called Tilt. The John Hancock building's moving observation deck allows visitors to see views of Chicago from an adventurous vantage point. (May 9) Video provided by AP Newslook


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Emigrant's Directory
To the Western States of North America
By (author) W Amphlett
Format: Paperback / softback
Normal Price: $47.48
Your Price: $42.73 AUD, inc. GST
Shipping: $7.95 per order
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Availability: Available, ships in 8-11 days
Emigrant's Directory by W Amphlett
Book DescriptionAn Englishman travels through the Midwest with a critical eye, composing what he feels will be a useful guide, discussing modes of travel, agricultural features, and prospects.
Buy Emigrant's Directory book by W Amphlett from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9781429000635
(230mm x 154mm x 15mm)
Pages: 228
Imprint: Applewood Books
Publisher: Applewood Books
Publish Date: 1-Jan-2007
Country of Publication: United States
Other Editions...
Books By Author W Amphlett
Emigrant's Directory, Hardback (January 2007)» View all books by W Amphlett
An Englishman travels through the Midwest with a critical eye, composing what he feels will be a useful guide, discussing modes of travel, agricultural features, and prospects.
» Have you read this book? We'd like to know what you think about it - write a review about Emigrant's Directory book by W Amphlett and you'll earn 50c in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars (you must be a member - it's free to sign up!)
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text:
The Rutherford County Archives are a hidden jewel for genealogists and researchers.
The archives are a great source for local history.
Tennessee Vacation eGuide
The 2016 eGuide gives you instant access to Tennessee's irresistible attractions and destinations. Peruse venues online, then put in your order to get a free guide delivered to your doorstep.


text:
More information about this newspaper title may be available on the source website.
More information about this newspaper title may be available from wikipedia.
Source: Trove [National Library of Australia]
Country: Australia
State: NSW
City: Grafton
Issues of this title available in Elephind: 2,115
Items (articles and/or pages) from this title available in Elephind: 99,316
Earliest Date: 8 November 1859
Latest Date: 31 December 1889
From wikipedia
|APN News & Media
|David Bancroft
| Grafton, New South Wales, Australia
55 Fitzroy St
Grafton NSW 2460
|5,571 Monday-Friday
6,446 Saturday
|Official website
The Daily Examiner is a daily newspaper serving Grafton, New South Wales, Australia. The newspaper is owned by APN News & Media. At various times the newspaper was known as The Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser (1859-1889) and Clarence and Richmond Examiner (1889-1915).
The Daily Examiner is circulated to Grafton, the Clarence Valley and surrounding areas from Woody Head in the north to Red Rock in the south.
The circulation of The Daily Examiner is 5,571 Monday to Friday and 6,446 on Saturday.[1]
A major redesign of The Daily Examiner was highly commended in the PANPA 2002 Newspaper of the Year Awards for dailies and Sundays up to 20,000.[2] The Daily Examiner was also awarded PANPA Newspaper of the Year 0 to 20,000 copies in 2009 for Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. 2010 APN Newspaper of the year[3]
The Daily Examiner website is part of the APN Regional News Network.
Cite error: There are
<ref> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a
{{reflist}} template (see the help page).


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Everybody, I have a question for anyone who can help. Did those who are
going to Hosta College get a confirmation?
Guess you can tell that I am one of those who has recurring dreams about
showing up for something and then being embarrassed because I don't have the
right address or something dumb.
To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
message text UNSUBSCRIBE HOSTA-OPEN


text:
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- Home
- Your Niagara Wedding
- Our Venues
- Receptions
- Ceremony
- Finishing Touches
- Unique Favours
- Gallery
- Quote
- Important Details
Make your wedding a part of history by choosing Queenston Chapel for your ceremony. Queenston Chapel was built in 1862 and boasts authentic gothic-styled stained glass windows and graceful curved oak pews. This quaint chapel awaits your arrival to celebrate your historic occasion.
Check out our gallery to see more photos of Queenston Chapel.
Venue Capacity
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Two Hours
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Fabulous accommodation in Dorset for the 2017 season. Family, friendly recommended holiday cottages throughout Dorset including Swanage, Wareham, Corfe Castle, Dorchester and Weymouth. Why not order our 2017 brochure here or use our search facility.
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15105 Mulholland Drive, Los Angeles, California, United States, 90077
Private and gated, this Bel Air entertainer's estate is a one-of-a-kind masterpiece that boasts two stories of walls-of-glass that capture an explosive 300 degrees of unobstructed city lights and mountain views.
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Listed price:
Address15105 Mulholland Drive, Los Angeles, California, United States, 90077
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Our vision is to be the leading organization for the enhancement of the utility vegetation management industry.
Quick Links
Upcoming UAA Events
Upcoming Webinars
New 2017 Webinar calendar coming soon! Please check back!
We want to take a moment to thank each of our sponsors who have made it possible for us to bring you these webinars!
Missed a webinar or presentation? Click here to get caught up!
UAA's "Spotlight on Safety" has links to industry safety videos & info to help you bring safety to your organization!
If you have any info or videos to share, send them to us here & we will post them!
UAA, EEI, USFS, BLM, US F&WS and EPA sign MoU to improve access and cooperation for utility vegetaton management on rights-of-way.
A summary of the MoU can be found here to review.
Special thanks to a large team that has contributed to this effort over the years. These include: Anne Beard, Rick Johnstone, Andrew Rable, Derek Vannice, David Fleischner, Josiane Bonneau, Lorelei Phillips, Jim Downie, Mike Neal, Randy Miller, Travis Jones, Steve Tankersley, Steve Hallmark, Rick Loughery and Sarah Ball.


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Britool Expert Fabric Tool Bag Blue & Grey 465mm / 18"Features & Benefits:• Strong 600x600 denier fabric• Elasticated pockets on inside and outside of storage compartment• Adjustable saw compartment• End pockets, one with a flap, one with adjustable strap• Soft cover with kangaroo pocket and zip access• Heavy duty steel handle with comfort grip• Adjustable shoulder strap• Waterproof rigid baseSpecifications:Width - 500mmDepth - 215mmHeight - 400mm10kg load capacity
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Biker 56 | 15 September 2016
Still filling it with tools, but has "buried" the many tools i have put in so far.
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If you require more information or assistance with this product please consult the links below :
If you have a bulk order for this item then we may be able to offer you an extra discount. Please call our order line on 0208 805 3535 for a quote.
Please note : to qualify for a bulk discount where not already specified on the website, a bulk order would be considered to be normally a minimum of around 100 units for lower value items, and sometimes less if it is high value item.
Tooled-Up.com78 Suez RoadBrimsdownEnfieldMiddlesexEN3 7PSTel : 0208 805 3535


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2012 Ford Fiesta Recalls
RepairPal Expert Overview on April 24, 2015
The doors may be difficult to latch, and the latches may not fully secure the doors in the closed position. This could allow a door to open while the vehicle is in motion.
RepairPal Expert Overview on October 5, 2012
The passenger side curtain air bag will not deploy in the event of a side impact collision when the front passenger seat is empty. Although this is how it was designed, Ford will be reprogramming the air bag system computer to allow the side curtain to deploy whether the passenger front seat is occupied or not.


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Atlantic Hearing Care-Peabody
More information
About this clinic
At Atlantic Hearing Care, it is our goal to provide the best hearing care services available based on individual need. We offer a vast selection of services form prevention to rehabilitation. It is our mission to provide the highest quality care and products to our patients. Let us work with you to find the best solution to your hearing loss and help you improve your life through better communication. We have two locations to choose from, see our website for the one most convenient.
Clinic services
- Hearing tests
- Hearing aids
- Tinnitus assessment
- Custom earmolds
- Assistive listening devices
- Hearing conservation
- Aural rehabilitation
- Bluetooth technology
- Seminars and presentations
Featured professionals near you
Hours of operation
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
By appt.
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
By appt.
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
By appt.
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
By appt.
|8:00 am - 5:00 pm
By appt.
Accepted forms of payment
- Visa
- Cash
- Check
- Financing available for those who qualify