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Engineers in Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities of Service
Engineers in Technical and Humanitarian Opportunities of Service (ETHOS) is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to facilitate research and the development of appropriate technology by forming collaborative North-South partnerships between universities, research laboratories, engineers, and non-governmental organizations in foreign countries.
By working together, these groups aim to create and then disseminate the best available appropriate technology to families in need.
Since its founding, the ETHOS partnership has grown to include engineering students, faculty, and researchers as well as "on-the-ground" NGOs. Research at Iowa State University, the University of Dayton, Humboldt State University, Colorado State University, and the University of Illinois currently focuses on improving vernacular wood burning cooking stoves, including increasing efficiency and effectiveness while reducing emissions, addressing problems brought forward by the in-field partners.
Fri Jan 27 – Sun Jan 29, 2017
Northwest University and Baymont Inn Kirkland
ETHOS will start with pre-sessions at 1pm on Friday, and end by 5pm on Sunday
Registration and abstract submission are open now! Abstracts due Fri 12/2!
1. Fill out the 2017 Registration form (see tab above)
2. Come back here and click on the yellow "Buy Now" button at right to pay your registration fee online
3. Click on the yellow "Donate" button below to make an optional ETHOS scholarship donation
Donate to the Mark Bryden Scholarship Fund
In 2015, in honor and recognition of his 15-year tenure as ETHOS Board President, the participants of ETHOS 2015 established the Mark Bryden Scholarship Fund to support participation in the ETHOS conference of one participant per year from a developing region (Africa/Asia/LAC) with direct field experience who would otherwise not be able to come. This fund will cover their airfare, lodging and meal costs.


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Jayaratna wrote:Chip wrote:Jayaratna, very nice Bizen kyusu. Think I saw that one on ebay? If it is the one I saw, it was also a very good price.
Yes, Chip, I was lucky enough to get this one.
Very nice kyusu. Since there are many by this artist on ebay, have you asked whether these are fired in a Noborigama or electric/gas kiln? I only have 1 bizen teapot but it is a magician with some teas.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home » Apps with tag ' RPG'
Fight superdeformed in PVP RPG Tome of the Sun
Do you remember when RPGs challenged your brain? Then try 7 Mages - out now
Hands-on with Beast Quest, Miniclip's huge new adventure
When you think Miniclip, you tend to think about well-presented but straight-forward arcade action games. Bike Rivals, Berry Rush, and the upcoming On The Run: they're all fun mobile experiences, but not exactly what you might call "ambitious". So I'll admit to being a little shocked when I saw the company's new (and massively impressive) action RPG Beast Quest at Pocket Gamer Connects. Here's what it looks like in motion...…
Aliens and space pirates seek your demise in strategic RPG Galaxy Legend
Galaxy Legend is a space-based role-playing title from Tap4Fun - the developer responsible for King's Empire. It's set in the year 2841 and it follows humanity as it begins to expand to the furthest stars in the universe. In Galaxy Legend, you take on the role of the commander of a galactic outpost vying for power in a dangerous galaxy, and attempt to survive the relentless attacks of space pirates, aliens, and opposing outposts that would all revel in your failure. Galaxy Legend is a strategic RPG. You can create a fleet from a variety of units, and use different tactics to get one over on your opponents. If you like to customise your fleet to your unique play style, you…
Resident Evil invades zombie CCG RPG Deadman's Cross
Square Enix's zombie-styled collectible card game Deadman's Cross has just received an extra dose of undead. Thanks to a collaboration with Capcom, Resident Evil cards and quests are being added to the game for a limited time. Deadman's Cross battles are the typical CCG fare, with the card combat linked by first-person hunts through the 3D world of New Livingstone. Now Raccoon City is being added to the list of areas available for you to stalk through. Along with the new environment, this crossover features a host of other Resident Evil themed extras. Cards featuring monsters from the Resident Evil series are available for you to collect and battle with, including the iconic N…
Dragon Coins Review
Upon hearing that Dragon Coins was free-to-play game with a Pokemon-style focus on monster collection, we were tempted to run screaming from our phones with our hands clasped tightly around our wallets. After digging a little deeper, however, we discovered a tactical RPG with coin-dozer combat that offers more than enough of its touch-based fun for free. Dragon Coins combat will be instantly familiar if you have ever visited a seaside arcade. A field of coins meets you as you sta…Watch The Video Review
Act 2 of RPG gamebook fusion Joe Dever's Lone Wolf is out now
Joe Dever's Lone Wolf revisited the classic '80s gamebook genre, adding a new action twist with its quick-time event battle system. As of today, the second act of the game's four part season ha become available. To celebrate this, you can currently download the first part for free. Act Two of Joe Dever's Lone Wolf - which is titled Forest Hunt - moves the story to the Sunken Forest as you continue your journey through the Kingdom of Sommerlund. It brings with it a host of new choices and 3D locations in your ongoing battle against the Darklords of Helgedad. Forest Hunt also introduces a new enemy: The Gourgaz. THis is one of Joe Dever's more iconic monsters, wh…


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Chickenshed Theatre
290 Chase Side, Southgate, London, N14 4PE
020 8292 9222
Pay As You Go: £6 per session
26-Jan-13 to 23-Mar-13
Sat, 5-8yrs (10am) 9-12yrs (11.15am), Excluding 9 March
6 years to 12 years
Saturday Shed is a great opportunity for young people to develop their performance skills using our proven teaching methods and unique performance style.
Led by our highly experienced and energetic staff, each session will involve movement, drama, singing and story-making. Every workshop is different and designed so that a child of any ability can come to all sessions, or drop in to one session from time to time.
Each workshop lasts 60 minutes.
Times and prices are subject to change. Contact venue before setting out.
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I am a hobby photographer and freelance artist based in California. I love attending car shows, taking walks in the city and carrying my camera with me almost everywhere. I shoot primarily vehicular subjects, but I love a good landscape and am a sucker for a pretty sunset.
This gallery features my photographic work, and is an offshoot of my primary account, ~wannabemustangjockey, which contains all my other artwork and writing.
Current Residence: California
Favourite genre of music: Various
Favourite style of art: Photography, vector
Operating System: Windows Vista, Mac OS X
MP3 player of choice: My PC
Favourite cartoon character: Satchel the dog from "Get Fuzzy" by Darby Conley


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Constructed from wood and veneers with a bright white finish this desk is the perfect workspace for your child to work on homework assignments, use a computer to stay in touch, and study with textbooks. The single pedestal style desk features a single pedestal with three drawers and a keyboard tray. Pair with the coordinating hutch and the student chair for a complete workspace.
The Bayfront Student Desk with Single Pedestal by New Classic from Michael's Furniture Warehouse. We proudly serve the San Fernando & Los Angeles area. Product availability may vary. Contact us for the most current availability on this product.
The perfect collection for your young child or preteen, the Bayfront youth collection provides stylish and durable pieces to grow with your child; and their changing tastes! Featuring fun and safe bunk beds for your smaller children to enjoy to full size beds for your teen, the Bayfront collection provides something for every age, along with coordinating storage pieces that are elegant enough for an adult room! Large drawers provide ample room for everything from toys to clothes, while slat and panel details on beds add a handcrafted look to the collection. Finished in a clean, crisp white finish, the Bayfront collection brightens any decor. Bring the Bayfront collection into your home today for quality pieces that both you and your child can enjoy!
The Bayfront collection is a great option if you are looking for Cottage furniture in the San Fernando & Los Angeles area.
These images are representative of this group as a whole and may differ from this item.
Browse other items in the Bayfront collection from Michael's Furniture Warehouse in the San Fernando & Los Angeles area.
This item has been tagged as: Desk, Computer Desk, Office Desk, Home Office Desk, Home Office Furniture, Corner Desk, Writing Desk, Desk with Hutch, Desk with Storage, Desk with Shelving, Student Desk, Secretary Desk, Office Furniture, Office Organizer, Executive Desk, Table Desks, Roll Top, Double Pedestal, Shell, L - Shape, Desk with Return, Desk with Filing Cabinet, Workstation, Modular Desk, Student Desk, L - Shape Workstation, Wedge Desk, Cabinet Desk, Computer Station, Credenza, U - Shape Desks
Nothing on this page may be copied or reproduced without explicit permission.
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Digital Citizenship Week Newsletter
*Please open in Internet Explorer
I have given serious thought to inviting members of Congress to Mr. Graham and Mrs. Laviola' s fourth grade class to have the students teach a lesson in how our government works effectively.
The theaters of Broadway have a lot to look forward to if the cast of the POBMS performance of Annie Warbucks is any indication
Students in all of our elementary schools ushered in the Chinese New Year, the year of the Rooster, with great enthusiasm.
I was recently drawn into Ms. Makuh's Art room at Pasadena with the beautiful display of dots created by the entire student body.
The Plainview-Old Bethpage School District recently celebrated students' musical talents by hosting its annual "Night of A-Cappella" event at John F. Kennedy High School.
The Plainview-Old Bethpage Central School District recently teamed with the St. Margaret's Episcopal Church to help provide assistance to families within the District who are in need this holiday season.
The Plainview-Old Bethpage School District recently announced that 38 students from John F. Kennedy High School were named Finalists in Nassau County's Annual DECA Regional Competition.
7:30 PM PTA Council @ PAS
9:30 AM - 11:59 PM Nutrition Committee
8:00 PM - 11:00 PM Board of Ed. Mtg. (Budget Mtg. #2)
9:30 AM Transportation Committee
7:00 PM JV/V Winter Award Ceremony @ HS
3:00 PM HS Battle of the classes


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Blueberries on Nantucket
Just as passionate clammers and scallopers in Nantucket have secret spots where they find their treasures, ardent blueberry pickers have equally hush-hush locations for their favorite fruit. While knowledge of these spots is stealthily passed down only within families, I can tell you that from late July through early August, wild blueberries can be found, in general, in two particular kinds of places.
Low-bush blueberries grow on the moors, where the plants thrive on the low-acid, rather poor soil. These berries are hard to find, nestled as they are among other lowgrowing heath vegetation. High-bush blueberries, on the other hand, grow in the fecund wetlands. Search for these famous Nantucket blueberries near the Island's many ponds and around the cranberry bog.
Cherish your personal blueberry harvest and please don't rinse them until just before you're ready to use them.
Serves 6
Hazel Mellin's sons, one of whom owns "Airdrie," the cottage I rent every summer, remember their Nantucket summers in the late 1920s as well. There was a clear view from the house to the ocean, and the great sport was to watch the Coast Guard cutters chasing the rumrunners in the water just off Squam's shores. This ranked right up there with picking blueberries and fishing in the pond. The results of those two activities would be transformed as if by magic into delightful dinners. Dinah Mellin, the wife of Hazel's grandson John, shared some of grandma's recipes with me. This is an update of her pudding, an ideal dessert for a summer supper and an even better breakfast the next morning.
2 large eggs
2 cups buttermilk
1/2 cup sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 cup all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
2 cups blueberries
1-1/2 cups raspberries
3/4 cup firmly packed dark brown sugar for the garnish
1 cup heavy cream
1-1/2 cups sliced strawberries
1. Preheat an oven to 350F. In a bowl, whisk together the eggs, buttermilk, sugar, and vanilla until well blended. Sift together the flour and baking powder. Add to the liquid, a bit at a time, whisking until smooth after each addition.
2. Generously butter a 9-1/2-by-11-inch backing dish or a gratin dish. Pour the batter over the fruit. Sprinkle the brown sugar over the top.
3. Bake until the batter is set, at least 1 hour. Some of the berries will rise to the top, forming puzzlelike patterns with the batter and brown sugar. Serve cool, which brings out the flavor of the individual fruits. Place each serving on a puddle of heavy cream, and cover with a cascade of strawberries.
Recipe from: The Nantucket Table
By Susan Simon
Photographs by Tom Eckerle
Chronicle Books
ISBN: 0-81 18-1472-6, 1998, $29.95 hardcover
168 pages, illustrated with color photographs throughout
Recipes & photos reprinted by permission
Copyright © 1998—the electronic Gourmet Guide, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Headmasters is a fairly widespread chain of hairdressers, but don't let that put you off. The Mayfair branch does a great cut and blow dry, and there's a free loyalty scheme that gets you 25 per cent off all services Monday to Friday before 4pm. If you're not particular about which stylist serves you, then go for an excellent-value last-minute appointment: book after 6pm the day before your visit, or walk in, and a cut/blow dry is just £18 for men and £25 for women. Hair only.
|Venue name:
12, Maddox Street
|Opening hours:
|Open 9am-9pm Mon-Fri; 9am-6pm Sat, Sun
|Tube: Bond Street tube
|Do you own this business?
Average User Rating
2 / 5
Rating Breakdown
- 5 star:0
- 4 star:0
- 3 star:1
- 2 star:0
- 1 star:1
One of my worst haircut ever. Went back there a few days later because the hairdresser Chris forgot to do the neck. One of the assistant they took for the Christmas period has not been able to do the neck properly. The beard trimmer ran out of power. He was blowing out on my neck to remove the hair.
i could go one. Where is the point.
I have picture of the job showing how bad the job was.


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Experience thrills and chills for what has become a local phenomenon. In every generation there is a Chosen One.
She alone stands against the vampires, the demons and the forces of darkness. She is the Slayer.
Catch live performances of the popular television show every month at Springfield Improv Theater in downtown Springfield.
Note: Performed only on the specified dates.
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CINCINNATI -- If Brian Moehler had pitched as well for the Reds as he does against them, he might still be in Cincinnati.
The Houston right-hander pitched seven solid innings against his former team and got support from Miguel Tejada's home run, helping the Astros overcome a serious injury to slugger Carlos Lee and beat Cincinnati 3-1 Saturday night.
"We established the fastball early and pounded the strike zone," Moehler said. "Then they got aggressive, so we went to the breaking ball and got a lot of popups."
Moehler (8-4) also doubled and scored, and Lance Berkman added an RBI single as Houston sent the Reds to their fifth consecutive loss, matching a season high. Cincinnati has had four other five-game losing streaks.
"It's tough to come up with (stuff) to say every night," manager Dusty Baker said. "We make everybody look like Cy Young."
Lee left the game in the third inning and was placed on the 15-day disabled list with a broken left pinkie he suffered when Reds starter Bronson Arroyo hit him with a pitch. Lee, who reached 100 RBI on Friday and was leading the National League in that category, is expected to miss six to eight weeks.
"It's tough to lose him," Houston manager Cecil Cooper said. "It didn't look good. He carried us the last month and a half. It's a big hole to fill, but we're capable of filling it. I'm just now starting to suck it up."
Moehler, who was 2-4 in 10 games for the Reds in 2002, fell one out short of a complete game against Cincinnati in a win on July 29. He followed that up Saturday by pitching six shutout innings before allowing a run in the seventh.
"I thought we'd get some whacks at him the second time around," Arroyo said. "He kept us off balance. You've got to tip your cap to him. This is the second time he's thrown well against us."
It was Moehler's third win in five starts. The Reds collected just five hits with three strikeouts and Moehler didn't walk a batter.
"When you make them hit the ball and you don't walk anybody, you can be very effective," Cooper said.
Geoff Geary and Tim Byrdak pitched a scoreless eighth and Jose Valverde pitched the ninth for his 28th save in 34 opportunities.
Houston scored in the first inning for the third consecutive game. Kaz Matsui drew a leadoff walk from Arroyo (10-9), who matched a season high by giving up four walks. Matsui moved to second on Tejada's single to left and scored on Berkman's single to right.
Moehler made it 2-0 in the fifth. He led off with a double past the drawn-in Reds outfield for his first hit since May 10, 2007. Moehler moved to third on Matsui's sacrifice and scored on Arroyo's wild pitch.
Arroyo, who was 6-1 in his last seven starts, lasted six innings. He gave up five hits and two runs with seven strikeouts.
Tejada made it 3-0 in the seventh with his 12th homer of the season, an opposite-field shot into the first row of seats in right field.
The Reds finally reached Moehler for a run in the seventh on singles by Jay Bruce and Brandon Phillips, and Edwin Encarnacion's RBI infield single.
"One run isn't going to get you a win unless you get a shutout, and we haven't seen too many of those lately," Baker said.
- Bruce extended his hitting streak to 13 games with a fourth-inning infield single, tying the season high for rookies set by Oakland's Ryan Sweeney from May 19 to June 19.
- Reds 1B Joey Votto was placed on the bereavement list and the contract of IF Adam Rosales was purchased from Triple-A Louisville.
- RHP Marcus McBeth was designated for assignment. Rosales flied out to right field as a pinch-hitter in the sixth in his major league debut.


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Treat your wood right and it will last you a lifetime
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Wooden exterior furniture is popular due to the material's natural beauty and unrivalled strength an...
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Rustins first opened for business in 1924 with the first shop in London's Shoreditch district which sold wood finishing products to local residents and trades people.
Rustin's grew to be one of the best brands in the industry with focus on wood finishing products, specialty paints and decorating sundries. Their products sell throughout the UK to home DIY enthusiasts and professionals who want quality and innovative products.
Rustins was the first manufacturer of Danish Oil which remains a famous and popular product.
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There are many reasons you may wake up mid-slumber, from physical disruptions like your partner stirring next to you, to noise, or even troubled thoughts about the day before. It can often be difficult to nod off after those disruptions, but the good news is there is a way to get back to sleep!
This infographic looks at the problems that cause disrupted sleep, from wriggling to worrying, and, more importantly, how to get back to sleep as quickly as you can.
Scroll down for the full transcript, sources, and options to embed this infographic.
Here's a text friendly version if this infographic:
How to get back to sleep in the middle of the night
Noisy pets, restless kids, uncomfortable beds. There's no shortage of nuisances waking us up. And studies show that sleeping badly has become a widespread problem… 56% of women and 49% of men are long-term poor sleepers
Poor sleepers are:
3 times as likely to be unfocused
2 times as likely to suffer from low mood
Yet, 49% of people have never taken steps to help them sleep
What's disturbing your sleep?
Here are some simple fixes for common night-time troubles.
1. Sharing a room with your pet
41% of pet owners are disturbed by pets sharing the bed
58% are woken by pets sleeping in the bedroom
– Train your pets to sleep in another room– establish the bedroom as off limits at all times and stick to it
– Feed and let pets out earlier in the day to move their routines forward, and don't respond when they bark or cry
2. You or your partner snoring
As many as 1 in 4 people in England snore regularly
Twice as many men snore than women
– Try to sleep on your side, rather than your back, to alleviate gravitational pressure on the airway
– Snoring can signal underlying conditions, so consult your GP if it's becoming problematic
3. Drinking alcohol before bed
Up to 7.9 million Britons have used alcohol to help them sleep, according to research, even though doing so actually reduces sleep quality
– Avoid alcohol for at least 4 hours before bedtime to avoid suppressing melatonin (the sleep hormone)
– Try not to stay up past your usual bedtime as this only increases alcohol's sleep-depriving effects
4. Your kids needing attention
1 in 10 people say their children disturb their sleep
This rises to 26% for parents aged 25-34 – the age they are most likely to have young children
– Be consistent – if they try to hop in your bed, always escort them back to their room
– Gently phase out any sleep aids, such as pacifiers and stuffed toys, placing them where your child can't retrieve without help
5. An uncomfortable bed
After 7 years, a bed in regular use will have deteriorated by up to 75% from its 'as new' condition
– Invest in a properly cushioned medium-firm bed and mattress
– Spend time selecting the right mattress – firmness can put stress on pressure points, while an overly soft mattress can harm soft tissue
6. Restless legs syndrome (RLS)
Over 80% of people with RLS also suffer periodic limb movements (twitchy legs) while asleep
– Try massaging your legs or doing some light stretching or yoga before bed
– Take a warm bath, or apply a hot compress to your legs to help relax the muscles
6. Anxiety and worrying
A YouGov poll on mental health in the UK found that 1 in 5 suffer from anxiety most or all of the time
– Resist the urge to keep checking the clock – this will only heighten the anxiety of being awake
– Distract your mind with a mug of hot milk or watching traffic outside until drowsy again
Tips for getting back to sleep
Sometimes there's no obvious cause for waking in the night. If you're a restless sleeper, follow these smart tips to get back on track.
1. Get up and do something
If you can't get back to sleep within 20 minutes, get up and do something low key such as reading or listening to music.
2. Keep the lights low
If you do get up, keep the lights down low. Also, avoid using backlit devices such as TVs, tablets and smartphones in bed.
3. Use relaxation techniques
Relax your mind and body with some deep-breathing exercises or meditation.
4. Start a sleep diary
Record your sleep patterns and habits and talk to your GP about them to see if you can devise a strategy for sleeping better.
Remember – regular, good quality sleep is a vital part of a healthy lifestyle. Use these simple fixes to help you enjoy fewer broken nights.
Have you found any of these techniques for getting back to sleep successful? If so, let us know in the comments!
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Showing results for "Media". Did you mean Medium
9 matching items were found.
Sort By
✔ Free Delivery ✔ 30-Day Replacement Guarantee ✔ Cash on Delivery ✔ Combo Deals.
9 offers for Media across various categories like Furniture, Beds, Dining Chairs & Benches, Center & Coffee Tables, Office Chairs, Wall Units, BEDROOM COMBOS, DINING BENCHES, CENTER TABLES, Single-rack Wall Units, WITH WHEELS, Honey brown, Brown, HONEY, NA and brands like Royal Oak, Natural Living, EVOK, ExclusiveLane, Parin are available.


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Listing information
- Beds: 3
- Stories: 0
- Foreclosure: No
- Lot Area: 0.33
- Association Fee: $150
- Subdivision: V59 - Montcalm County
- Style: Single Family
- Baths: 2 (Full: 2 3/4: 0 1/2: 0 Other: 0)
- Parking Type Description: None 0 cars
- Total Square Footage: 1,352 ($57.69 per sq. foot)
- Lot Size: 100x209x
- County: Montcalm
- Year Built: 1992
- Status: Active
- New Construction: No
- Above Ground Sq. Feet: 1,352
- Estimated Annual Taxes: $1,046
- School District: Tri County
Access Feat: Accessibility Features No
Additional Items Ceiling Fans, Garage Door Opener, Laminate Floor
Air Conditioning Central
Appliances Dishwasher, Dryer, Microwave, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
Assoc. Amenities Beach Area, Club House
Assoc. Fee Incl. Snow Removal
Association Info.: Assoc. Fee Payable Annually
Basement No
Design Ranch
Driveway Paved
Exterior Features Deck(s)
Exterior Material Vinyl
Garage Type 2
Garage: Garage Yes
Heat Source Natural Gas
Heat Type Forced Air
Kitchen Features Eating Area, Pantry
Lot Description Level
Manufactured Details Permanently Affixed
Manufactured: Manufactured Y/N Yes
Mineral Rights No
Other Association Info.: Approx. Assoc Fee - 150.00, Lower Rooms: Lower Half Baths - 0, Lower Rooms: Lower Bedrooms - 0, Lower Rooms: Lower Finished SQFT - 0.00, Lower Rooms: Lower Full Baths - 0, Lower Rooms: Total Lower SQFT - 0.00, Main Rooms: Main Bedrooms - 3, Main Rooms: Main Full Baths - 2, Main Rooms: Main Half Baths - 0, Main Rooms: Main Level SQFT - 1352.00, Road Frontage - 100.00, Waterfront Options: Water Frontage - 0.00
Property Sub-Type Single Family Residence
Sale Conditions None
Street Type Paved
Substructure Crawl Space
Terms Available Cash/Conventional
Utilities / Sewer Septic System
Utilities Attached Cable, Natural Gas, Telephone Line
Water Fea. Amenities All Sports, Deeded Access
Water Heater Natural Gas
Water Type Lake, Well
Waterfront Options: Body of Water Indian Lake
Waterfront Options: Water Access Y/N Yes
Waterfront Options: Waterfront Y/N No
Windows Bay/Bow
Bedroom 2 M x
Bedroom 3 M x
Kitchen M x
Laundry Room M x
Living Room M x
Master Bathroom M x
Master Bedroom M x
Listing Courtesy of Vanessa L Andrus of Re/Max United (Main)


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Senate Democrats say they will force a final vote on their 2014 budget before leaving for Easter recess at the end of this week.
But given the time constraints associated with work on the six-month 2013 funding resolution, this could mean dozens of rare Senate floor votes on Saturday and Sunday.
Senate Majority Leader Harry ReidHarry ReidHopes rise for law to expand access to experimental drugs If Gorsuch pick leads to 'crisis,' Dems should look in mirror first Senate confirms Mulvaney to be Trump's budget chief MORE (D-Nev.) often threatens the Senate with weekend work and rarely follows through, but this time it appears the schedule could force his hand.
Under Senate rules, the budget resolution can be subjected to virtually unlimited amendments. The GOP says Reid is trying to use late-night and weekend votes to wear down Republicans' appetite for amendments.
Reid on Tuesday tried to start 50 hours of debate on the budget while the clock was ticking down on the six-month continuing resolution (CR). Sen. Jerry MoranJerry MoranA guide to the committees: Senate Verizon, Yahoo slash merger deal by 0M over data breaches Verizon angling to lower price of Yahoo purchase: report MORE (R-Kan.) blocked the move, partly in an attempt to force a vote on an aviation provision he supports.
Democrats had hoped to start floor work on the budget Monday, but that was delayed because of work on the 2013 spending resolution.
An aide explained that the Senate has to burn up to 60 hours of post-cloture debate time on the CR, which could push the final vote to Thursday.
On Monday night, Reid successfully invoked cloture on the continuing resolution when 10 Republicans, mostly from the Appropriations Committee, backed limiting debate.
Reid is ruling out punting the budget until after the two-week recess.
"To be clear, we will do the budget this week, one way or the other," a Senate Democratic aide said Tuesday. "Sen. Reid has said he will keep the Senate in session over the weekend if CR delays make it necessary to do so in order to complete the budget. Hopefully, we will work out a time agreement on the CR and that won't be necessary, but it's up to Republicans."
On April 8, President Obama is expected to submit his own budget, and if the Senate does not pass a budget by April 15, senators' paychecks will be withheld under the terms of the January debt-ceiling agreement.
A paycheck stoppage could create bad publicity for Democrats, who have not passed a budget resolution in the Senate for four years.
Democratic aides called it "ironic" that Republicans, who have blasted Senate Democrats for missing budget deadlines, are trying to cause further delays.
The GOP argues that it has legitimate concerns with pork-barrel spending in the CR and is pushing for opportunities to amend the $984 billion spending bill.
The Senate Democratic budget, authored by Budget Committee Chairman Patty MurrayPatty MurrayA guide to the committees: Senate Overnight Healthcare: Trump officials weigh fate of birth control mandate | House, DOJ seek delay in ObamaCare lawsuit Top lawmakers from both parties: 'Vaccines save lives' MORE (D-Wash.), raises nearly $1 trillion in new tax revenue, but it still increases spending if its cancellation of nine years of sequestration cuts are taken into account. Democrats argue their budget would reduce spending by $975 billion under the baseline used by Murray, which doesn't factor in sequestration.
Republicans plan to offer the House budget authored by Rep. Paul RyanPaul RyanPence is Trump's top surrogate Border tax is reverse redistribution CEOs come to defense of border tax plan MORE (R-Wis.) as an amendment to the Senate bill, along with dozens more designed to trap vulnerable red-state Democrats into making tough votes.
The GOP says Reid is itching to use inconvenient sessions to limit budget amendments.
Senate Budget Committee ranking member Sen. Jeff SessionsJeff SessionsObama-era cash for cronies under House fire McConnell: 'Winners make policy, losers go home' DeVos should 'persist' despite liberal opposition MORE (R-Ala.) suggested Tuesday that instead of working through the weekend, the Senate could take up the budget resolution after its two-week recess.
Sessions pointed out that the No Budget, No Pay Act passed earlier this year gives senators until April 15 to pass a budget before their pay is withheld.
Reid rejected Sessions's argument in comments to reporters.
"Sen. Sessions, who was on the floor today saying, 'I've got a great idea; we'll wait till after Easter to do this, spend a week; that's all it would take,' — not a chance," he said. "We're going to move forward on this. This is the debate the Republicans have wanted, so let's have them stop stalling, and let's have the debate."
With spending bill votes coming one way or another Thursday, Congress appeared to be on track to avert a March 28 government shutdown.
The House of Representatives is poised to approve the $984 billion Senate stopgap spending bill as soon as it makes its way out of the Senate.
"I like what I see so far," House Appropriations Committee Chairman Hal Rogers (R-Ky.) told The Hill on Tuesday.
He said that it is "likely" that the full House will take up the Senate's continuing resolution without changes.
It would be brought straight to the floor under a closed rule forbidding changes. Aides said final decisions will be made once House Republican leaders see what amendments make it onto the bill. So far, no poison pills have been added, they said.
On Tuesday, Reid attempted to speed up movement toward final passage by allowing two amendments: one by Sens. Roy BluntRoy BluntA guide to the committees: Senate Judiciary Committee wants briefing, documents on Flynn resignation Intel Dem: House GOP now open to investigating Flynn MORE (R-Mo.) and Mark PryorMark PryorCotton pitches anti-Democrat message to SC delegation Ex-Sen. Kay Hagan joins lobby firm Top Democrats are no advocates for DC statehood MORE (D-Ark.) and one by Sen. Pat Toomey (R-Pa.)
The Blunt-Pryor amendment would close a funding gap for the Food Safety and Inspection Service and ensure that food inspectors are not furloughed due to the sequestration cuts that went into effect March 1.
The Toomey amendment would increase the Pentagon's operating budget by $60 million by decreasing funds for biofuels and maintenance.
Reid's attempt was blocked by Sen. Jerry Moran (R-Kan.), who wanted a vote on his amendment to reverse cuts affecting air traffic control towers.
"I think his amendment is pretty good. But once you allow one, then you have to allow more," Sen. Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) said of Moran's provision. "We are moving along. I think we'll prevail."
Shelby said he believed the House will pass the Senate's continuing resolution.
"I think they know the rules. They know what to do. I think we will fund the government," he said. "I hope we're close to done."


text:
This item sold on June 29, 2012.
This yellow-orange pendant light fixture will add a lively pop of color to any room. It measures 8" H x 8" DIAM. The overall drop from the ceiling is 22" to the bottom of the fixture. It has an off white plastic cord and canopy and is in good working order.
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post #1 of 5 Old 09-21-2007, 01:42 AM Thread Starter
Guppy female lost her tail!!! please help!
Ok so i woke up yesterday and my yellow female guppy has over half her tail gone...i mean to the point its down to where her tail connects to her body. shes growing the bones back...it looks like spikes, but now its developed like a white substance over that part and her tail is kinda pinkish...is that ich? is it fin rot? also her bowel movements (is that what u call it when a fish goes?) is white and stringy, as are a few of the other guppies in the tanks...they are all either scratching on the rocks....or staying very still in the tank....well almost all of them...with fins clamped to thier sides...i have a couple that are sitting on the rocks...it is a newer tanks...im still working on cycling...though my water parameters have been normal for the last 4 days...i test for amonia, nitrites, nitrates, and ph...please help
ph is 8.0 nitrite and amonia 0 and nitrates 5.0
ph is 8.0 nitrite and amonia 0 and nitrates 5.0
Working with rescues across the Midwest Please check out my website to see how you can help the animals in need. I am an Animal Rescuer My work is never done, My home is never quiet My wallet is always empty But my heart is always full Until there are none, rescue just one.
post #2 of 5 Old 09-21-2007, 02:12 AM
Treat the guppies with Metronidazole and keep monitoring your water parameters. Keep up with the water changes so the torn fin will heal up.
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I'm ready for the pressure.
The drama and the pleasure!
If there is one thing I want to see here, it's HUMOR.
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I think about it every night and day!
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post #3 of 5 Old 09-21-2007, 06:44 PM
It does sound like something is plaguing your tank, but it could merely be the stress of tank cycling on your fish. The fish you use to cycle a tank don't have long lives and are more prone to disease. You might want to add Pimafix and/or Melafix - these are natural remedies produced by API. They did wonders for my goldfish whose tail succumbed to fin rot. And just as Lupin recommended, keep close tabs on your parameters and do a water change at the first sign of trouble.
Best wishes for your fishes!
post #4 of 5 Old 09-23-2007, 04:02 PM Thread Starter
It doesnt matter anymore, im sorry to have bothered you all. She died yesterday, and im giving the rest of the fish away so i dont get heartbroken everytime one dies...im going to start over when i move, and cycle the tank the right way, i have everything i need now...so i will learn from my mistakes...there are only about 10 guppies left now anyways, when i started with prolly bout 30 or 40 i never really knew but oh well...i have to move and sell a lot of things anyways. ill end up in the shelter, because my landlord is being a *****...but she can and she is...so all my animals have to go.
Working with rescues across the Midwest Please check out my website to see how you can help the animals in need. I am an Animal Rescuer My work is never done, My home is never quiet My wallet is always empty But my heart is always full Until there are none, rescue just one.
post #5 of 5 Old 09-23-2007, 04:23 PM
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Spanish Fish Stew
|Olive oil/Vegetable oil
|3 Tablespoon
|1 Large, chopped
|3 Clove (15 gm), minced
|Diced green bell pepper
|1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs)
|Canned whole peeled tomatoes
|16 Ounce, undrained and chopped (1 Can)
|Clam juice
|16 Ounce (Bottles)
|3⁄4 Cup (12 tbs)
|Tomato paste
|2 Tablespoon
|Bay leaf
|Ground turmeric
|1⁄2 Teaspoon
|Chopped thyme/1/2 teaspoon dried leaf thyme
|1 Teaspoon
|Fennel seeds
|1⁄4 Teaspoon, crushed
|1 Pinch
|Saffron powder
|1⁄4 Teaspoon
|To Taste
|Black pepper
|To Taste
|Skinless fish fillets
|1 1⁄2 Pound
|Medium shrimp
|18 , deveined
Heat oil in a large kettle over medium heat.
Add onion, garlic and green pepper; saute until onion is soft and transparent.
Add tomatoes and liquid, clam juice, water, tomato paste, bay leaf, turmeric, thyme, fennel seeds, sugar and saffron, if desired.
Cover and simmer 15 minutes.
Add salt and black pepper to taste.
Cut fish into 1-inch pieces.
Add fish pieces and shrimp to soup.
Simmer gently 4 to 5 minutes or until fish becomes firm and turns opaque, and shrimp becomes firm and turns pink.
Remove and discard bay leaf.
Spoon stew into a tureen or serve in individual bowls.
Rate It
Nutrition Rank
Nutrition Facts
Serving size: Complete recipe
Calories 1613 Calories from Fat 584
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 66 g101.6%
Saturated Fat 7.5 g37.4%
Trans Fat 0 g
Cholesterol 863.1 mg287.7%
Sodium 4062.5 mg169.3%
Total Carbohydrates 70 g23.5%
Dietary Fiber 14 g56.2%
Sugars 30.6 g
Protein 192 g383.1%
Vitamin A 93.6% Vitamin C 230.6%
Calcium 89.3% Iron 65.8%
*Based on a 2000 Calorie diet


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Click on the "Convert & Download Video + MP3" button to start the video conversion. After the video conversion is finished, you can download the converted video in the formats MP4 or 3GP (for mobile phones) or you can download the converted audio as a MP3 music file. This online service is completely for free.
Original documented by Kencana Studio, Larangan Brebes. All Rights Reserved.
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Tegal Bersholawat bersama Habib Syech bin Abdul Qodir Assegaf.
sedekah balong desa grinting kec-bulakamba kab brebes.


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Recent Meetups
Mar 28, 2014 · 7:00 PMAndroid Developers Meetup
Selle kuu viimasel reedel kutsub Applaud kõiki Androidi arendajaid toredale meetupile Erinevate Tubade Klubis, Telliskivi Loomelinnakus. Kavas on ettekanded mobiili ja... Learn more
Sep 19, 2013 · 6:00 PMTallinn Mobile Mixer - Hell Hunt Pub
Our Mobile Mixers unite the greatest minds and freshest faces in the world of mobile games development from around the world, then set a group of them against each other... Learn more
May 3, 2012 · 7:00 PMWorkshop: Appcelerator Titanium
Time for a workshop! What better way to kick off May than by learning some new skills? This we have visitors from a Dutch startup WappZapp.TV who will give the... Learn more
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Spring is just around the corner and what better way to welcome it than to get together and discuss apps. This time we have several topics around app marketing and... Learn more
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On 19. october Google introduced Ice Cream Sandwich which brings us some changes and a lot of new features. This meetup we will go through some of those exiting new... Learn more
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- Players
- 1
- Genre
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- Release Date
3DS eShop
- 20th Feb 2014, £4.49/€4.99 (UK/EU)
- 20th Feb 2014, $4.99 (USA)
- Series
- Kung Fu Rabbit
About This Game
Life in the temple of rabbits hangs by a thread.
Universal Evil has struck again and kidnapped all of your disciples. Only you managed to escape. They let you live... they'll soon regret it! Use your agility and combat skills to save your disciples! Jump from roof to roof, slide gracefully along walls, sneak up on your enemies, and rip them to shreds!


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Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/forum.php)
- Beginner Freshwater Aquarium (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/beginner-freshwater-aquarium/)
- - Completely Clueless!! (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/beginner-freshwater-aquarium/completely-clueless-412/)
Completely Clueless!!
G'Day All,
I am very new to the world of goldfish and aquariums. I am reading lots about cycling, nitrates/nitrites, ammonia, bacteria and none of it makes any sense to me. I have been given a 19lt tank and two goldfish. The tank has a filter to suit the tank size (starters kit), and I have conditioned the water and am yet to test the ph. Both fish are living quite happily 1 week now!!!! Could someone explain to me what a cycling tank is, and do I have one. How do I test for ammonia and nitrate/nitrite levels etc. Also are there any good websites (apart from this one) that can spell everything I need to know out to me??
Cheers Nick Toozoff.
Cycling is simply trying to produce bacteria and let them established in the tank. Bacteria converts fish wastes(which is ammonia) into nitrites. Then they convert the nitrites into nitrates. Take note that a high level of ammonia and nitrites is dangerous for fish hence we advised you to choose fishless cycling which is cycling without fish.
Without bacteria, you'll find your test kits reading an increasing level of ammonia and nitrites which will eventually kill your fish.
If you cycle with fish, then you have to test the water parameters daily and if you see a spike in ammonia and nitrites, do a water change.
When doing water changes, there is no need for you to remove the fish.
Simply remove a partial percentage of the water and replace it with new water straight from the tap. Before you place the water in the tank, treat it with dechlorinator to eliminate chlorine and chloramine which are harmful to the fish.
Goldfish won't thrive long in a 19 liters tank. You'll need 50 gallons for two alone. They can produce wastes a lot meaning you do more water changes than usual which is almost daily water changes.
Test the following water parameters:
Ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, pH
You buy those in a test kit which is often available in your shop.
I would suggest the Tetra Easy Strips. 6 in 1. I got mine at Petco but here is also a link Buy Tetra EasyStrips? Aquarium Test Strips from FosterAndSmithAquatics
Most people don't recommend the strips as they can be hard to read and not give accurate results.
If your fish have been living in this tank a while it should all ready be cycled. If I'm correct this is a 5gallon tank? In order to keep these fish they are gonna need a much bigger tank or maybe you could trade them into a fish store and get something that will actually be happy in 5gallons.
You can take a sample of water to most pet stores and they will test it for you. At this point with it being such a small tank with large fish I would recommend gravel vacuuming a good bit and water changes every few days just a small amount of water 1 gallon say.
Lupin explains it very well. Basically without bacteria (cycled tank) you have ammonia and nitrites which will kill your fish. Also not changing water can cause ammonia and nitrite and nitrates spikes. Nitrates will be present in small quantities water changes keep the down, most people try to keep there's around 20ppm or less. Ideally it is easier to buy a test kit as you want to test you water once a week instead of running to the store.
I tried to make that as simple as possible. Hope it helps.
Every time I take the water to the pet store they use the strips. I bought the same strips they use. Is this not right? Thanks for any advise.
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The continued layoffs at NASA have inspired a serious look at the viability of this vital organization even as it reaches for the sci-fi dreams of a generation inspired by 2001 A Space Odyssey, Apollo 13, and Star Trek – The Next Generation.
We expect NASA to reach for the moon and the planets, but has underfunding caused NASA to cut programs essential to the "primary mission" of NASA?
Read about the latest debate in this Science Magazine Editorial . I suggest Emailing this article to your Senator or Congressman.
There's a series of articles on the NASA layoffs at NASA Watch.
I tell ya, now's not a bad time to join the National Space Society . They send out a great quarterly magazine packed with articles and upcoming events. Worth the minimum.
(if it seems too good to be true… )


text:
Circulating surfactant protein -D is low and correlates negatively with systemic inflammation in early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis
- Anne Friesgaard Christensen1Email author,
- Grith Lykke Sørensen2,
- Kim Hørslev-Petersen3,
- Uffe Holmskov2,
- Hanne Merete Lindegaard1,
- Kirsten Junker2,
- Merete Lund Hetland4,
- Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen5,
- Søren Jacobsen6,
- Tine Lottenburger3,
- Torkell Ellingsen5,
- Lis Smedegaard Andersen3,
- Ib Hansen5,
- Henrik Skjødt4,
- Jens Kristian Pedersen3,
- Ulrik Birk Lauridsen4,
- Anders Svendsen1,
- Ulrik Tarp5,
- Jan Pødenphant7,
- Aage Vestergaard8,
- Anne Grethe Jurik9,
- Mikkel Østergaard5 and
- Peter Junker1
DOI: 10.1186/ar2948
© Christensen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
Received: 26 August 2009
Accepted: 08 March 2010
Published: 08 March 2010
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin with immuno-regulatory functions, which may depend on oligomerization. Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed to multimeric SP-D variants, while trimeric subunits per se have been suggested to enhance inflammation. Previously, we reported low circulating SP-D in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the present investigation aims to extend these data by serial SP-D serum measurements, studies on synovial fluid, SP-D size distribution and genotyping in patients with early RA.
One-hundred-and-sixty disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) naïve RA patients with disease duration less than six months were studied prospectively for four years (CIMESTRA (Ciclosporine, Methotrexate, Steroid in RA) trial) including disease activity measures (C-reactive protein, joint counts and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score), autoantibodies, x-ray findings and SP-D. SP-D was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and molecular size distribution was assessed by gel filtration chromatography. Further, SP-D Met11Thr single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed.
Serum SP-D was significantly lower in RA patients at baseline compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). SP-D increased slightly during follow-up (P < 0.001), but was still subnormal at four years after adjustment for confounders (P < 0.001). SP-D in synovial fluid was up to 2.5-fold lower than in serum. While multimeric variants were detected in serum, SP-D in synovial fluid comprised trimeric subunits only. There were no significant associations between genotype distribution and SP-D. Baseline SP-D was inversely associated to CRP and HAQ score. A similar relationship was observed regarding temporal changes in SP-D and CRP (zero to four years). SP-D was not associated to x-ray findings.
This study confirms that circulating SP-D is persistently subnormal in early and untreated RA despite a favourable therapeutic response obtained during four years of follow-up. SP-D correlated negatively to disease activity measures, but was not correlated with x-ray progression or SP-D genotype. These observations suggest that SP-D is implicated in RA pathogenesis at the protein level. The exclusive presence of trimeric SP-D in affected joints may contribute to the maintenance of joint inflammation.
Trial registration
(j.nr NCT00209859).
Within recent years, search for innate immune system abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has attracted considerable attention [1]. Thus, low serum levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) have been associated with increased risk of early disease onset and severity of RA [2, 3]. Likewise, variant MBL alleles have been associated with an unfavourable disease course [4, 5]. Recently, we reported that the serum level of another collectin, surfactant protein D (SP-D), is decreased in newly-diagnosed, untreated RA [6]. In that study comprising 45 DMARD naïve patients, systemic SP-D was not significantly associated to conventional measures of disease activity such as C-reactive protein and joint counts [6].
Collectins are pattern recognition molecules, which preferentially bind to carbohydrate moieties expressed on a variety of pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)), thereby enhancing aggregation, opsonisation or MBL-mediated complement activation [7]. SP-D has a complex quaternary structure in which monomers are assembled into tetramers forming dodecamers or higher order multimers [8, 9]. Multimeric SP-D is suggested to have anti-microbial properties [10–13]. The function of natural trimeric subunit SP-D is not known in detail, but it seems to be devoid of anti-inflammatory activity [10–13]. SP-D is primarily synthesized by the respiratory epithelium (type II epithelial cells and Clara cells) [14, 15], but is also expressed in a variety of extra-pulmonary epithelia [16]. SP-D has been detected in various body fluids including serum, synovial fluid, lacrimal and broncho-alveolar lavage liquid [17–22]. A common polymorphism in the SP-D gene on chromosome 10, Met11Thr, resulting in either methionine or threonine at residue 11, is a major determinant for the serum concentration and multimerization of SP-D [13, 22]. The Thr11-variant is associated with reduced oligomerization, reduced binding capacity of microbes and low serum levels in healthy subjects [13].
The present investigation extends our previous observation by readdressing the possible association between SP-D and the Met11Thr polymorphism in early, untreated RA, and by studying the correlation between SP-D and disease activity measures and radiographic progression during a four-year interventional study on DMARD naïve patients with RA of recent onset. In addition, we compared the SP-D molecular size distribution in synovial fluid and corresponding sera.
Materials and methods
Patients and controls
One-hundred-and-sixty RA patients were included in the multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled CIMESTRA trial [23, 24]. Briefly, patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1987 revised criteria for RA [25]. Further, the patients appeared with active disease less than six months, less than or equal to two swollen joints at baseline, and were aged 18 to 75 years [23, 24]. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ score, 0 to 3) [26], Visual Analogue Scale (0 to 10) (VAS pain, global and doctor) and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) [27] were calculated. Fourteen-hundred-and-seventy-six healthy twin-individuals aged 18 to 67 years served as controls [22]. The trial was approved by the local ethics committee (j. nr M1959-98) and fulfilled the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonisation 1996 revised guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (j.nr NCT00209859). Signed informed consent was obtained from all study participants.
Treatment strategy
The treatment protocol compared methotrexate (MTX) plus cyclosporine vs. MTX plus placebo. During the first eight weeks patients were assessed fortnightly and every four weeks thereafter. Subsequently, whenever synovitis was present MTX dose was escalated by 2.5 mg from 7.5 mg/week to maximum 20 mg/week followed by a stepwise cyclosporine/placebo-cyclosporine increment (0.5 mg/kg) every four weeks from 2.5 mg/kg to maximum 4.0 mg/kg. In addition, intra-articular betamethasone (7 mg/l) was injected into swollen joints at any visit (maximum four joints or 4 ml per visit). During the second year, hydroxychloroquine (200 mg/day) was added and cyclosporine/placebo was tapered to zero, while MTX was continued [23, 24]. During the open extension study from three to four years the treatment strategy continued to aim at tight synovitis control. Oral glucocorticoids were allowed in the open extension study.
Laboratory measures
Serum was obtained from routinely drawn non-fasting blood samples collected between 08.00 a.m. to 2.00 p.m. Samples were allowed to clot at room temperature followed by centrifugation at 3,000 × g for 10 minutes. Sera were stored at -80°C.
SP-D was measured at baseline, after two weeks, one and six months, and after one, two, three and four years using a five-layered sandwich ELISA as previously described [19]. In controls, SP-D was only measured at baseline. All analyses were done in duplicate and serial samples from the same patient were analyzed simultaneously. The inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.5 and 3.8% for low (367 ng/ml) and high (2,470 ng/ml) quality controls, respectively, and the intra-assay coefficients of variation were 1.7% for both quality controls. C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/l) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (mm/hour) were assayed by standard methods. IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) (cut-off level < 16 IU/ml) and anti-CCP (cut-off level < 24 U/ml) (Euro Diagnostica AB, Malmö, Sweden) were measured by ELISA as previously described [28–30].
Radiographic analysis
Radiographs of hands, wrists, and forefeet were obtained at baseline (n = 155), and annually thereafter. After four years 137 radiographs were available, but only 133 patients had radiographs available at baseline and at four years. Radiographs were scored according to Sharp-van der Heijde by an independent senior radiologist who was aware of the sequence of x-ray recordings [31]. The annual estimated progression rate in total Sharp-van der Heijde Score (TSS), Joint Space Narrowing score (JSN) and erosion score (ES) was calculated according to disease duration and TSS, JSN and ES at baseline for each patient [32]. Radiographic progression was defined as the smallest detectable difference from baseline (= one unit).
Synovial fluid
Corresponding serum and synovial fluid samples were available from 20 RA patients with joint effusions before treatment. Synovial fluid was collected by aseptic technique before injection of glucocorticoid and stored at -80°C. Before analysis, the samples were centrifuged 30 minutes at 400 × g and subsequently the supernatant was incubated four hour at 37°C with bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Sigma H3884, St Louis, MO, USA) to reduce viscosity (2 μl hyaluronidase (1 mg/ml in 0.2 M TRIS, 0.1 M sodium acetate, pH 7.0) to 300 μl synovial fluid). Subsequently, they were centrifuged at 20.000 × g for 10 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was assayed for SP-D by ELISA. The possible trapping of SP-D in the synovial fluid pellet was studied by incubating the pellet with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 0.52 M in a TRIS-buffered saline (TBS) buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C in 30 minutes followed by centrifugation in four minutes at 20.000 × g and 4°C. A total of 50 μl of the resulting supernatant was re-calcified with 60 μl of 1 M CaCl2, and pH was adjusted to 7.9 by adding 28.5 μl 1 M TRIS pH 8.6 prior to analysis.
Gel filtration chromatography
Gel filtration chromatography was done on available synovial fluid samples (n = 11) and corresponding sera. Hyaluronidase-treated samples (200 μl) were applied to an analytical Superose 6 column connected to a fast-performance liquid chromatography system (former Amersham Biosciences, now GE Healthcare, Uppsale, Sweden) using TBS (pH 7.4) containing 10 mM EDTA and 0.05% emulphogen as eluent at a flow rate of 24 ml/hr. Fractions of 0.2 ml were collected and quantified by the SP-D ELISA. SP-D was eluted as two structurally different forms with high and low molecular weight (SP-D multimers (fraction 10 to 18) and SP-D trimers (fraction 24 to 38)). Size chromatography on healthy serum followed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting has yielded protein bands at > 250 kDa for multimeric SP-D, and 90 kDa, 43 kDa and 40 kDa for trimeric SP-D [13, 19].
Genomic DNA was isolated from EDTA stabilized whole blood. Applied Biosystems (Assay-by-design) (Foster City, California, USA) designed primers and probes for the non-synonymous substitutions of DNA-bases of the SP-D gene resulting in the Met/Thr variant. The genotyping procedure has been described previously [13]. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 genotyping for shared epitope (SE) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing, as described elsewhere [33, 34]. Herein, we define the shared epitope as the presence of HLA-DRB1*04 and/or HLADRB1*01 and/or HLADRB1*10.
Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 9.2 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, USA). Comparisons between groups were done by Mann-Whitney U-test or Fischer's Exact Test, and if analysing more than two groups, Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Spearman Rank Correlation analysis was applied when appropriate. Comparison between patients and controls was performed using linear regression models, where control twins were clustered in pairs. Linear regression was also applied in the prospective analysis of SP-D in RA patients, where repeated measurements in the individual patient were clustered. We used logistic regression to assess whether baseline SP-D could predict radiographic progression after four years with adjustment for gender, age, smoking, anti-CCP and radiographic status at baseline. Robust estimation of standard error was calculated. To approximate a normal distribution, SP-D was logarithmically transformed when used as continuous, dependent variable in linear regression analyses.
One individual from each healthy twin pair was used for genotype and allele frequency estimation. The genotype frequencies were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by (χ2-analysis. Comparisons of genotype and allele frequencies in patients and controls were performed by logistic regression with adjustment for gender and age or by Fishers Exact test.
Since SP-D did not differ between treatment arms, data from all RA patients were pooled. Analysis was by intention-to treat (N = 142). Completers' analysis was also performed and gave similar results (data not shown). Results are presented as median (95% confidence interval) if not otherwise stated. P-values ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01 were considered significant with single and multiple testings, respectively.
RA patients and controls
Of 160 patients included, 61 (38%) did not complete the four-year protocol. The reasons for drop-out were adverse events (11), treatment failure (10), patients' request (13) and other (27). Fifty-six (35%) left the study during the first two years. Patients who dropped out did not differ from completers with regard to demographic and clinical variables at baseline (data not shown). At baseline one patient had serum SP-D of 8,106 ng/ml. This patient subsequently developed severe pulmonary fibrosis and was excluded from the statistical analyses.
Demographic characteristics of RA patients at baseline and healthy controls
RA patients (N = 160)
Controls (N = 1476)
Gender f/m (%women)
107/53 (67%)
761/715 (52%)
Age in years
53(42 to 63)
38 (29 to 46)
Current smokers (%)
57 (36%)
482 (33%)
Disease duration (months)
3.5 (2.7 to 5.0)
IgM-rheumatoid factor positive (%)
103 (65%)
Anti-CCP positive (%)
93 (58%)
Any SE present (%)
116 (73%)
Including patients with radiographs available at both baseline and after four years (N = 133), 53%, 23% and 49% progressed radiographically according to TSS, JSN and ES score, respectively. Of note, however, radiographic progression at four-year follow-up was small in terms of Sharp/van der Heijde units (median (iqr): TSS 2 (0 to 7) to 5 (0 to 11), JSN 0 (0 to 2) to 0 (0 to 4) and ES 2 (0 to 5) to 3 (0 to 8)).
Serum SP-D in RA
Baseline surfactant protein D in serum (ng/ml) in smokers and non-smokers and according to gender in patients and controls
760 (665;1059)
967 (921;1024)
674 (613;759)
852 (818;902)
< 0.001
850 (686;1014)
(n = 57)
1187 (1099;1293) (n = 482)
671 (604;738)
(n = 101)
827 (802;852) (n = 991)
< 0.001
The CRP change from baseline to four years (Δ) correlated inversely to the SP-D change (ΔCRP vs. ΔSP-D, rho = -0.39 and P < 0.001). We found no association between SP-D and radiographic data including estimated annual progression rate (data not shown). Baseline SP-D did not predict radiographic progression (Total Sharp score) at four years (P = 0.46)
SP-D in synovial fluid and corresponding sera
Genetic SP-D variation in RA
Distribution of the SP-D Met11Thr genotype and allele frequencies and corresponding SP-D serum levels (median (95% CI))
N(%) of RA patients
SP-D ng/ml*
RA patients
N(%) of controls
SP-D ng/ml*
P -value
Odds ratio ***
41 (27.3)
724 (636; 1,123)
152 (35.8)
1,081 (996; 1,252)
1.0 (ref)
27 (18.0)
750 (603; 834)
77 (18.1)
896 (788; 955)
1.3 (0.73; 2.4)
82 (54.7)
660 (563; 761)
196 (46.1)
925 (845;1,023)
1.6 (0.97; 2.6)
164 (54.7)
500 (58.8)
1.0 (ref)
136 (45.3)
350 (41.2)
1.2 (0.9;1.6)
Based on the structural similarity between SP-D and MBL and our preliminary report on low circulating SP-D in RA [6], this investigation was conducted to study the possible role of SP-D as disease modifier in RA. While confirming that SP-D in serum is significantly decreased in newly-diagnosed, untreated RA sufferers, we also found an inverse correlation between SP-D and measures of disease activity at baseline. Although SP-D increased significantly during follow-up, it remained subnormal at four years.
The cause of low SP-D in RA is uncertain and different mechanisms may be involved. Altered SP-D expression due to genotype abnormalities should be considered. Thus, in healthy subjects the Thr11-variant is associated with low SP-D in the circulation [22].
In the previous study by Hoegh et al [6], the Thr11 variant tended to be overrepresented in RA patients as compared to controls. This trend was not confirmed in the present study. Thus, a clear genetic contribution to low SP-D in RA cannot be identified in this study. However, a possible genetic contribution to low SP-D in RA cannot be completely disregarded from this study due to the limited sample size. Moreover, it should be borne in mind, that focusing at only one polymorphism in the analysis of gene patterns and serum SP-D, may underestimate the significance of a genetic association, which is better represented by haplotype blocks [35].
Decreased SP-D in RA could be attributable to increased clearance from the circulation, for example, by deposition in inflamed tissues or complex formation with, for example, microbial or cellular waste [36, 37]. Thus, cells undergoing apoptosis express auto-antigens, which may lead to auto-antibody formation [38]. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have indicated that SP-D enhances clearance of DNA and apoptotic cells by macrophages, thereby reducing anti-dsDNA antibody generation [36, 39, 40]. Such a scavenger mechanism for SP-D in RA is supported by the inverse association between SP-D and disease activity measures and by the gradual SP-D increase during treatment. The inverse association of SP-D and inflammatory signs and the lack of association between SP-D and erosive progression after four years indicate, that subnormal SP-D is primarily linked to systemic inflammation. According to this, depressed systemic SP-D may contribute to persistent low-grade, subclinical joint inflammation as evidenced by MRI and ultrasonic findings [41, 42].
In order to further elucidate the possible role of SP-D in joint inflammation, we quantified SP-D in paired serum and synovial samples and studied the molecular size distribution in serum and synovial fluid. We found a SP-D serum:synovial fluid ratio at approximately 3:1, which indicates that SP-D reaches the joint cavity by diffusion (bulk flow) [43]. The diffusion capacity for proteins across the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis depends on the degree of synovial inflammation and molecular size [43–45]. While both multimeric and trimeric subunit SP-D were present in serum, only trimeric forms could be demonstrated in synovial fluid. This further supports that diffusion is the major source of SP-D in the joint cavity although local degradation of the molecule cannot be excluded. Knowledge about the biologic properties of trimeric SP-D is incomplete. However, previous studies have indicated that trimers interact preferentially with specific microbes, microbial compounds or endogenous lipoproteins [19, 46] implying that trimeric SP-D may possess specialized functions as compared with multimeric SP-D. Previously, Gardai et al proposed a model for dual inflammatory activity of SP-D. In the absence of microbial ligands and cell debris, binding of SP-D to macrophages by the CRD region was suggested to be anti-inflammatory by blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) [47]. By contrast, binding of microbial constituents to the CRD region of SP-D would lead to a pro-inflammatory response [47]. Recently, it was shown that posttranslational nitrosylation of cystein residues in the N-terminus of SP-D (SNO-SP-D) caused by inflammation resulted in disruption of multimeric SP-D into nitrosylated trimers. This modified trimeric SP-D variant would subsequently initiate a pro-inflammatory response via calreticulin/CD91 receptor interaction and activate p38 MAPK [48]. Inflammatory signalling resulting in p38 phosphorylation has been identified as an important determinant of synovitis severity [49]. Thus, in theory the dominance of low molecular weight SP-D in synovial fluid observed in the present study may contribute to the maintenance of joint inflammation in RA.
SP-D in serum is suggested to originate primarily from pulmonary leakage [50]. It has previously been demonstrated that smoking increases SP-D in serum [22]. Our findings demonstrate that this also applies to RA patients implying that smoking is a confounder that should be corrected for in the statistical analysis. It has been hypothesized that anti-CCP antibodies can be triggered by smoking through citrullination of lung proteins in SE carriers [51]. We found no correlation between circulating SP-D and SE status in smoking and non-smoking RA patients.
When interpreting the present results, the relatively large number of drop-outs should be considered. However, there was no difference with respect to baseline characteristics between completers and non-completers and the intention to treat analysis included a large majority of the cohort.
SP-D did not correlate to age in RA patients, but tended to be higher in males compared to females. By contrast, SP-D was significantly higher in control males as compared to females, and SP-D correlated positively with age. This disparity may be due to the different sizes of the RA and control populations and the relative overrepresentation of females in the RA cohort. Due to the difference in age distribution in the two populations and rather few controls aged above 50 years we used logistic regression with adjustment for gender and age instead of regular frequency matching in comparisons between controls and patients.
Circulating SP-D is subnormal at disease onset and after four years treatment in RA. There were no SP-D Met11Thr associations with RA disease activity or subnormal SP-D. While SP-D did not correlate with x-ray progression, we found an inverse association between SP-D and disease activity markers suggesting that low systemic SP-D is involved in the initiation or maintenance of synovitis. Whereas both multimeric and trimeric SP-D variants occurred in serum, only low molecular forms were detected in synovial fluid where it may contribute to joint inflammation. Overall, this study suggests that SP-D is implicated in RA pathogenesis at the protein level.
- Anti-CCP:
antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides
confidence interval
Ciclosporine, Methotrexate, Steroid in RA
c-reactive protein
disease activity score
disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug
erosion score
health assessment questionnaire
human leukocyte antigen
- IgM-RF:
IgM-rheumatoid factor
Joint Space Narrowing score
mannan-binding lectin
rheumatoid arthritis
shared epitopes
single nucleotide polymorphism
surfactant protein -D
TRIS-buffered saline
total Sharp-van der Heijde Score
visual analogue scale.
We thank the study of metabolic syndrome and related components (GEMINAKAR) for providing serum and DNA control samples. In addition, we appreciate the expert laboratory assistance by Professor Peter Garred at Department of Clinical Immunology at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark and Niels Heegaard, MD, DmSc at Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Denmark, Professor C. Bendixen and A. Høj, MSc, PhD at the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tjele, Denmark, for doing the SNP analyses.
This study was supported by The Danish Rheumatism Association, Region of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research at the University of Southern Denmark, The A.P. Møller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science, Guldsmed A.L. & D. Rasmussens Mindefond and Else Poulsens Mindelegat.
Authors' Affiliations
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Model Number: 11290
The TV·Ears Speaker is a wireless television speaker tuned to deliver the perfect blend of movie-like sound and voice clarified audio. Turn the television volume down or completely off and experience a more enjoyable television watching experience. The low-profile design will fit on a shelf near your television or on a side table near your couch and provides up to 90dB of volume to accommodate any hearing requirement. This voice clarifying speaker allows you to bring the TV audio close-by so you don't have to turn up the volume as much to hear your favorite programs. The entire family will enjoy the lower over-all room noise!
Our Voice Clarifying Circuitry is powered by an advanced microchip that instantaneously amplifies and clarifies television dialog while dampening background sounds so that voices are heard clearly. The words seem to jump out of the audio track, making even whispers and accents understandable. This technology also automatically lowers audio "bursts" during commercials to prevent jarring spikes in volume.
TV·Ears transmitters use Speed of Light Infrared Technology to send the television's audio to the speaker and unlike slower Bluetooth or (RF) Radio Frequency, SoLIT doesn't need to be paired or adjusted, is completely safe with pacemakers and will not interfere with your telephone.
"My wife and I have used TV·Ears almost daily for many years and find them an invaluable help in our enjoyment of television. We would not be without them. As a retired Otologist, I heartily recommend them to people with or without hearing loss." –Robert Forbes, M.D., California
Call us toll free at 888-883-3277, Monday through Friday, from 6am to 6pm PST, for more information on any product or feature that you may be interested in.
By submitting this form you are allowing TV Ears to contact you regarding this review and for other promotional purposes. You may opt out of our marketing communications at any time. Please review our privacy policy and terms of service for more information about how we use your information. Your information will not be given or sold to any third party companies
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Hotfrog NewZealand provides information regarding In Balance Spa in Rotorua Bay of Plenty. In Balance Spa is located at 9-11 Lake End Tutanekai Street Novotel Lakeside Rotorua Hotel, Rotorua Bay of Plenty 3040 and provides Personal Care services. Contact them on 07-349 8415.
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11 Sharp Rd Kaharoa Rotorua Bay of Plenty 3096
326 Fenton Street Rotorua Bay of Plenty 3201
50 State Highway 5 Rotorua Bay of Plenty 3074
PO Box 7201 Rotorua Bay of Plenty 3042
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Innovo Medical
Sleep Apnea, Lift Chairs, hospital beds
LIMITED WINTER EDITION - Packaged in an elegant and stunning gift sleeve-box, this thermometer comes gift-wrapped ready. Available for a limited time only. While supplies last.
DUAL MODE - The only thermometer that your child will ever need. Measure temperature via forehead (suitable for all ages) or ear (recommended for children > age 1)
QUICK AND EASY - Just press F1 for forehead measurement and F2 for ear measurement mode. Results displayed on screen instantly.
PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENT - The #1 recommended thermometer by Doctor.
RELIABLE AND ACCURATE - Passed numerous rigorous clinical tests. Proven to be reliable and accurate when used in accordance to instructions. Take the guesswork out of determining your child's temperature!
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Dealers fill out the application for business opportunities at http://innovo-medical.com
PLETHYSMOGRAPH AND PERFUSION INDEX - Tells you if you are taking your SpO2 and Pulse Rate properly. No more second
1) The only LED pulse oximeter on the market that will measure your SpO2 levels up to 100% 2) Filtered
Newly upgraded Innovo® CMS 50F PLUS Wrist Pulse Oximeter. Comes with a dramatically improved Innovo® SnugFit probe that will greatly
The only thermometer that you will ever need.
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My boyfriend of me went to this place for breakfast after reading these comments. We were very satisfied by the service and the food! Can only recommend going there if you would like to enjoy some good american breakfast!
Doyle street cafe is an out-of-the- way cafe that is a diner's delight. A true "eclectic" menu features a variety unlike any other eatery that I've been to recently. From the moment of greeting at the door, to the experience with waiters, to an engaging conversation with the owner, to the fabulous menu, to the scrumptious dining experience the Doyle...
Once again, TripAdvisor has steered me right! My family had a wonderful breakfast at this cafe and loved every bit! The coffee, cornbread (thanks for that suggestion TA peeps!), and entrees were unique and delicious. Tip: there is a designated parking lot across the street. Look for it! Service was friendly, seating ample, food hot and plenty of it. Highly...
Decided to try café due to reviews as we were in the area. I had the crab cake sandwich, type of crab unknown as they receive the crabmeat in a large bag per wait staff. Might have been a mix of Dungeness and lump crab. Definitely not all Dungeness. Very good--might rival Fenton's crab sandwich of today but definitely not...
We came here based on the reviews and weren't disappointed. The Milan Scramble was yummy and I liked the thinly sliced crispy breakfast potatoes. My husband had the special pulled pork Benedict and he loved it. It was a little too spicy for me. The only minor down side was the cornbread. It tasted as though they have added lemon...
We had just arrived in Emeryville on the Coast Starlight Amtrak train and needed a breakfast. We travel often on the CSL, usually eating in the Diner. They never change the menu so we Used Yelp to find a place with walking distance from the station. We arrived just before the rush, got our table ordered, and had a very...
Very good. Anything from the "Doyle St Favorite" part of the breakfast menu is delicious. Good cup of coffee too. And very friendly staff that makes sure you're always taken care of.
What a find! Doyle Street Cafe is located in a great neighborhood, within walking distance from the Courtyard on Shellmound Street. We were greeted as soon as we arrived and sat by the windows. There are windows all across the front of the cafe so that's easy to do. The cafe is light and airy - a very pleasant atmosphere....
I pulled up and immediately felt welcome with the open doors. I was greeted as soon as I walked in the door. Ordered a beer and a BLTA. Came out in less than 3 minutes and included a smile on the waitress face.
Oh, and the food is incredible!
We had an early afternoon appointment in the area and we decided to eat an early lunch/ late breakfast. We tried the Doyle Street cafe. Parking is limited, but we found a close spot. Seating is limited, perhaps 50 +\-. The staff was helpful and cheerful. Several of the patrons appeared to be regulars. A modest menu offers a variety,...
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