text:
There should be a checkbox or something like that in proxy settings dialog to
enable/disable proxy for intranet, like in IE.
Marking NEW.
What's your definition of "the intranet?"
You can mark a list of domains as not handled by proxies already.
mark as wontfix?
I have ~200 computers in local network. Each of them have http server.
I wont to be able to access this servers by my browser without proxy.
So I have to add all ~200 IP's into ignore list?
MSIE do this by setting only one checkbox.
I'm still not clear on the actual technical definition of what is the
What you are asking for sounds like "all addresses within my subnet". That would
probably be easy to do, but not meaningful to most customers.
I did some more looking at Microsoft's help description of the IE feature, and
the lack of clarity was dizzying. The closest I could get was:
Local intranet zone: This zone typically contains any addresses that don't
require a proxy server, as defined by the system administrator. These include
sites specified on the Connections tab, network paths (such as \\server\share),
and local intranet sites (typically addresses that don't contain periods, such
as http://internal). You can also add sites to this zone. The default security
level for the Local intranet zone is Medium.
I have some MSCE materials and will look there to see if they can shed more
light on what this feature actually means.
mass move, v2.
qa to me.
depends on bug 89928 ?
Actually I can think of a couple other ways around this.
If "No proxy for" supported ip addreess wildcards (bug 80918), that could be
used here.
Alternately, Anatoly could make himself a dummy PAC that used isInNet to do the
same thing. However, this is also broken at the moment (bug 79057).
Another PAC approach might use isPlainHostName and/or dnsDomainIs to select the
intranet machines. This would require them all to have names like
http://intranet or to fall within a particular set of domain names, though.
The larger, feature-spec problem is that Microsoft hasn't really documented WHAT
is in their "Intranet" zone.
I looked at this further, and there is an additional set of settings I didn't se
the first time:
"Local intranet zone
Use the settings below to define which Web sites are included in the Local
Intranet zone. (note: inconsistent capitalization is theirs, not mine...)
[x] Include all local (intranet) sites not listed in other zones
[x] Include all sites that bypass the proxy server
[x] Include all network paths (UNCs).
This is another example of how PAC may end up serving as our generic "network
access" API, because we could probably create some UI that auto-generates a PAC
file to conform to these settings.
Possibly another reason we need bug 89928.
I think what IE does when you select "Bypass proxy server for (local) intranet
address", is only to check if the server name in the URL has any dot in it. If
it has no dot it assumes it's a server on the intranet. I think this check is
easy to implement and is also usefull
I have updated the summary so that it matches the actual text of the feature in IE.
Daniel, based on the documentation, I think the feature is more complicated than
This is an area where we need some clear-cut documentation (preferablly from
Microsoft). I have found them hard to reach, so another solution would be for
someone to write a test suite that shows what is proxied/not proxied, for all
these might be helpful:
baisc: nice find. I have to bend my mind to understand Microsoft-netisms, but it
certainly helps.
i agree with comment #9 - all this pref needs to do is bypass proxy if there is
no "." in the entered url. that would certainly cover the functionality i need.
I'm at a LAN-party at the moment.
We use a proxy to connect to the internet.
At the local intRAnet are a lot of computers with ftp-servers, etc.
This means a lot of ip-numbers or a lot of computernames.
These can't be entered all. And as far as I know wildcarts can't be used to add
a certain domain to the exclude list.
Checking for '.'-s in de URL won't work, because I also want to enter ip-numbers
as URLS.
(If tried PAC-files but they don't seem to work, yet)
Please file a new bug for your .PAC problem and attach the file.
moving neeti's futured bugs for triaging.
*** Bug 174102 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
*** Bug 172228 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
I too would like to see Moz ignore the proxy for intranet accesses (defined by
the ".something" component).
Our situation: we have a local, non-proxied server x.something that includes a
page with accesses to other local addresses, all of which take the form
"http://y" (no ".something"). When configured properly, Moz will allow access
to x.something (not through the proxy), but selecting the "http://y" entry
attempts to go through the proxy, which naturally fails.
I believe that cuing on the "." would be sufficient for my aims.
Split this bug?
I think there are other no-proxy bugs that cover what you are suggesting.
My guess is that the distinction that MS uses for "local addresses" is if the
name is a NetBIOS name (generally resolved by WINS) instead of a DNS name (ie.
without a '.').
In my case the proxy attempts to resolve the NetBIOS name and fails...thus I
can't connect. This is a pretty big issue for users inside a proxy where the
internal webservers are referenced by NetBIOS names....and the only reason I
have to keep IE around.
-> reset to defaults for triage.
Mozilla does use what I believe is called WINS resolution if NetBios is in use,
I know this because one of my test cases assumes "mozilla.mcom.com" does not
exist, and someone has registered "MOZILLA" as a SMB host.
So my test case fails, but only on the Windows systems I have.
I have a pile of Windows networking books that I have never read, so I can do
more research on this if we decide to fix this bug.
reassigning to darin.
Agreed. I work at an AF Base and we are implementing a Global Portal, which
requires bypassing a proxy server for local access. When I attempt to connect
to this portal using Mozilla, I get the following error message:
HTTP 401.2 - Unauthorized: Logon failed due to server configuration
Internet Information Services
craig: sounds to me like you are probably getting seeing bug 23679. mozilla
does not yet support Microsoft's proprietary authentication scheme.
Will that be changed in the future? Is there any plans to adopt MS's
authentication scheme?
Craig: yes (see bug 23679 for details)
I need this "bypass proxy server for local addresses" feature too. At work a
lot of the compaq servers i work with have a remote inside board. To work with
it i can fill the network name. But if i do this in Mozilla 1.3 release it
brings me to the http gate server and tries to search the server outside our lan.
This bug still lacks a clear, specification-quality description of what would be
bypassed if you selected it.
However, I am getting the sense that there are a growing number of corporate
users that are interested in using Mozilla, and cannot, probably because they
are suffering from a combination of proxy-only connectivity + links that do not
have FQDNs. The proxy-only aspect I know is true from being the former Netscape
Proxy Server support champion at Netscape. The second aspect I know because we
also have a lot of people that still do not put FQDN's in their links, and I
would imagine this is typical at most companies.
That being said, I think that we need to address this problem area, so I'm
marking this as +clean-report, so that it will get targeted by engineering.
If we cannot figure out what would be the exact IE behavior to emulate, we
should at least fix bug
...fix bug 91587, which would probably get us most of the behavior people are
asking for. After that people can file bugs on the other MS behaviors nobody
seems to be able to figure out.
We use a SideWinder 5.2.1 Firewall/Proxy and I would like to have the "intranet"
defined as the local subnet, unless there is a better solution. We have several
domains running in-house and the local machines local domain may not match the
domain of the host we are trying to reach. All hosts are on the same subnet for
this example.
Also, can we put in filters such as:
Those are the types of filters we use to bypass our proxy for certain sites/port
combinations and for test networks that are local but not on the same subnet
when we test with IE 6.
*** Bug 235005 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
I would like to request this too. We have a lot of switches and some servers
here, and to access them with Firefox (in this case) one needs to turn off the
proxy. A "bypass proxy for local addresses" option would be really useful (local
addresses being names that resolve to an IP address matching the machine's
When "Bypass Proxy for Local addresses" (or whatever) is selected do the following:
- If local subnet give local dns priority, if fails try proxy, if fails google
- If not local subnet but on the "reserved for private use" IP ranges give local
dns priority, if fails try proxy, if failes try google.
- If not local subnet and not reserved for private use give proxy priority, if
fails try local dns, if fails try google.
Reserved for Private use IP ranges:
Class Networks
A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.0
C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.0
Also I found an article that details MSIE's behavior:
The 'Bypass proxy server for local requests' option is available on the 'LAN
Settings' window (from Internet Explorer menu, go Tools -> Internet Options ->
Connections -> LAN Settings). This means that requests for servers on your local
subnet are sent directly to that machine rather than to the proxy server.
There are two gotchas which can mean that local requests get sent to the proxy
server even though the 'Bypass proxy server for local requests' option is ticked:
Microsoft Internet Explorer works on the basis that if a URL has a dot in it,
it's not local (see Microsoft support article 262981 for details and
workarounds). This means that local addresses such as http://192.168.168.57:8082
or http://my.domain.computername:8082 are treated as non-local, and so are sent
off to the proxy server regardless of the 'Bypass proxy server for local
requests' setting. Only addresses without dots, like http://computername:8082,
are recognised as local by MSIE, so this is the only type of address affected by
the 'Bypass proxy server for local requests' setting. So to bypass the proxy
server, set the clients to 'Bypass proxy server for local requests', and use a
dot-less address like http://computername:8082.
Any proxy automatic configuration script in force (set via the 'Automatic
configuration' section of the 'LAN Settings' window) takes precedence over the
'Bypass proxy server for local requests' setting. When any of the 'Automatic
configuration' options are ticked on the 'LAN Settings' window, the 'Bypass
proxy server for local requests' tick box does nothing.
If the 'Bypass proxy...' setting works for you, then in a Windows Active
Directory environment this can be set for multiple clients using Group Policy.
source: http://www.careersoft.co.uk/chas/support/tshooter/proxy-now-what.htm
As a workaround, you might want to set up a proxy auto-config file. I had the
same problem, and checked these out and they're easier than you think:
The simplest example (Example 1) will let you bypass the proxy for local
addresses, which mimics the behaviour of the IE preference.
While the problem can be BYPASSED with the use of a proxy auto-config file, that
cone can be a problem at launch time.
It occurs that the a proxy auto-config data SEEMS to be NEVER cached.
Hence, at launch time (particularly when the home "page " is a set of sites (one
site per tab) time out occurs MOST of the time.
The final answer would then be to CACHE the proxy auto-config data, and be able
to define an expiration date (so that it will not make a request to get the
proxy auto-config file to the web server at each launch time).
The a proxy auto-config file is very elegant and practical. It would be totally
efficient is that notion of cache/expiration could be implemented....
don t you think so ? Can a mozilla/firefox developer give an advice on that idea ?
? The PAC file is supposed to always be loaded before actual HTTP requests are
being made. please file a bug if you see problems in firefox 1.5 beta2 with
that... this bug is not the place to discuss that problem
*** Bug 312985 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
Jared: the behaviors you describe are a bit too complicated and hardwared.
Also, if we do not duplicate MS behavior, we should not use the same label, to
avoild confusing users.
This bug has been open for more than 4 years, but today I still have to disable
the proxy in Firefox (or just launch IE, it's easier) to be able to access the
switches and servers on my network. It seems that there is a lot of discussion
as to what is the right way to implement this, when there isn't a _right_ way,
there is a way that fixes the bug and there is "doing nothing".
Comment #34 gives an excellent suggestion as how to implement this:
- local subnet bypasses proxy
- IANA private addresses bypass proxy
If any of these addresses turn out to be inaccessible, then the user shouldn't
check "bypass proxy for local addresses" and use a PAC provided by the network
administrator (if they require a proxy to access machines on their own internal
networks, then they should also take some time to create a PAC for their users).
The same goes for public addresses which should also bypass the proxy: if for
some reason this is required, let the net admin provide a PAC somewhere.
This isn't rocket science, and since it hasn't been fixed in all these years,
one can only assume that no one cares, and it will never be.
Oh, and add names with no "." to that list too.
(In reply to comment #39)
> Jared: the behaviors you describe are a bit too complicated and hardwared.
> Also, if we do not duplicate MS behavior, we should not use the same label, to
> avoild confusing users.
I don't disagree with changing the verbage on the option if the behaviour is not
the same, I was simply labeling what my opinion on how the mozilla option should
behave and how microsoft handles the option that was requested to emulate.
Personally I'd be happy if it just emulated the way IE works but, would be much
more satisfied if we could also add in no proxy for local subnet and IANA
reserved addresses as they have always been a thorn in my side with IE as well.
You can't just decide to make the IANA PNA addresses non-proxied. Some people use proxies in their intranets. Even if Microsoft did it, it seems unlikely that we will, because the feature, assuming all that is correct, is just too complicated and clever.
We aren't going for strict IE compatability here, but we can look at functional pieces of IE features and implement them in a way that is sensible.
I know this runs the risk of sounding like a arbitrary dismissal of Microsoft, but you have to look at the larger picture:
1- As described, this feature is pretty complicated without a clear-cut benefit to the user vs. a more simple feautre.
2- There is no guarentee that MS will retain this exact behavior in the future, which means detailed emulation risks chasing a moving target. I've raised similar concerns about our attempt to mimic their WPAD feature, but I think a better example would be for someonoe to survey the enormous variation of DNS configuration implementations they have had, from Windows 95 to XP.
Hi All,
MS wont be able to change the bahaviour. Thsi working is so much entrenched in the daily working that this will be taken as a regression.
And suppose MS tries to make people's lives miserable then there will be more attraction towards FF.
Many times when I try to show FF to new users, they come across this proxy barrier and stop using it.
Anyway, consider that I have some site called abc on my intranet that I have not put in proxy. So before showing me proxy authentication, FF should temperorily put abc in bypass proxy and then if the site is accessible, go to it. (Is it that IE pings the abc before trying to go there?)
If you are too unsure abt this working, provide a check box "smart proxy handle". Ping the site name before going to the internet.
Amit Gholap.
"smart proxy handle" or something like that can be a good feature.
"You can't just decide to make the IANA PNA addresses non-proxied. Some people
use proxies in their intranets. Even if Microsoft did it, it seems unlikely
that we will, because the feature, assuming all that is correct, is just too
complicated and clever."
Why not? The behavior that I suggested would be just fine for most cases.
When this turns out to be wrong for any particular case, that option can just be disabled (I'm not even suggesting that it should be turned on by default), and the network admins can provide a PAC. Worst case scenario: most cases would see an improvement, and the rest would be just as they are now.
As I said, I don't believe there is a right way to solve this. One can always go for a smart and complex solution, but I think a simple one that fits most cases is enough (and one that doesn't cause regressions on the remaining cases at that...).
(In reply to comment #46)
> "You can't just decide to make the IANA PNA addresses non-proxied. Some people
> use proxies in their intranets. Even if Microsoft did it, it seems unlikely
> that we will, because the feature, assuming all that is correct, is just too
> complicated and clever."
> Why not? The behavior that I suggested would be just fine for most cases.
> When this turns out to be wrong for any particular case, that option can just
> be disabled (I'm not even suggesting that it should be turned on by default),
> and the network admins can provide a PAC. Worst case scenario: most cases would
> see an improvement, and the rest would be just as they are now.
> As I said, I don't believe there is a right way to solve this. One can always
> go for a smart and complex solution, but I think a simple one that fits most
> cases is enough (and one that doesn't cause regressions on the remaining cases
> at that...).
My company uses a proxy for internet addresses and a local DNS server for local addresses. I think you can assume that if the address resolves locally ie. in the local DNS or hosts file then go to it otherwise use the proxy.
My company has 300 employees and I would like to give them the option to choose FF if they want. But no bypass proxy for local addresses is a real show stopper.
I think , the Automatic Proxy Configuration feature is useful and can be a possible answer to that issue provided the browser can CACHE the info it gets from the web server whic publish the url to the proxy file.
Actually we use it, and whenever we start the browser (moz or firefox) with multiple tabs (each pointing to a specific external site) being loaded, most of them are simply not loaded because the proxy info is not yet loaded into the browser (hence it s doesn t know any specific routing info at this point in time).
the CACHE should be set'able (duration, url path,etc).
Ideally, a simple GUI could be provided (a tab in the pref panel ?) to let admin simply (re)define the APC file.
my two cents to this story... ;)
(In reply to comment #48)
> Actually we use it, and whenever we start the browser (moz or firefox) with
> multiple tabs (each pointing to a specific external site) being loaded, most of
> them are simply not loaded because the proxy info is not yet loaded into the
> browser
which version of the browser? this is supposed to work.
As I said before, the PAC is the answer only in a subset of the cases where this feature is needed. But for 90% of the cases it is cumbersome and unpractical.
I created a PAC file and stuck it on our intranet server. It was easy enough to setup for all our local addresses. Now everyone in the company have a choice to use Firefox when specifying the PAC file location.
This issue is now resolved for me thanks for your help.
Clearly, many people need this bug solved for company applications. So this is really a major showstopper. Some people say, using a PAC file solves the problem to them. Could you attach a sample to this bug, please? But most users will never get that far to use such a file. Simply setting up a checkbox as IE will serve those.
I doubt this bug depens on bug 91587. I don't have a problem desribed there, I can exclude non-FQDN one by one. But this bug here is a real pain.
Allowing IP ranges in the list of domains to ignore would go a long way towards making this bug tolerable.
*** Bug 382236 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
(In reply to comment #54)
> Allowing IP ranges in the list of domains to ignore would go a long way towards
> making this bug tolerable.
since we don't resolve hostnames to ip address when using a proxy, that doesn't work.
(In reply to comment #56)
> (In reply to comment #54)
> > Allowing IP ranges in the list of domains to ignore would go a long way towards
> > making this bug tolerable.
> since we don't resolve hostnames to ip address when using a proxy, that doesn't
> work.
So What! Just give us the ability to add a range of addresses to not use a proxy for, and save us from either adding every address (for me is 192.168.10.1 through 192.168.10.254) or using another piece of garbage software for our private net usage. I have used Netscape and now firefox for some time now and I keep wondering why this doesn't work right. Now I know, you are arguing over semantics and not seeing that there are many of us who don't have control over the proxy server to get to the internet but do have a private net where mine is the only computer on this net with a whole bunch of equipment that I need to talk to via DIRECT communications. For me I call each piece of equipment by its ip address or bookmarks. Stop the arguing and add this simple ability!
Does FF have access to a system's route table? If so, isn't it relatively easy to determine what's local to FF? Sure, the route table might be wrong, but I don't think FF is the proper software to correct route table corruption.
I would really like to see this feature added.
My FF proxy exclude list contains over 30 hosts now and it's tedious to edit it every time I find something else on the intranet. It's made worse by many of our intranet servers having multiple CNAMEs for the same webserver.
Every single one of these webservers does not have subdomain in the addres, so a simple checkbox to not proxy addresses that don't contain dots would work perfectly for me.
Most of the time I end up resorting to IE for intranet browsing, especially when I'm trying to demonstrate things to people.
*** Bug 403341 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
I work as a systems administrator at a school, and we also have this problem. I can access the sites just fine when typing in the IP, as long as the subnet is added to the exeptions list. Hostnames, however, are not resolved from the local DNS. I need to add every single one of them to the exeptions list. I have over 600 users, most of them students, 200 new ones every year. I can't keep adding all these exeptions to every single one of them, every year!
After reading all the comments and adding my own, and like someone said earlier, it seems to me like most of the problems stems from FF not checking the local DNS server before going to the proxy.
Both IE and Opera works fine, it is just FF that has this problem.
I have a background as a programmer, so I know this is not that hard to implement. Like #57 said, it seems that people are arguing about semantics, and not just adding this simple function. -As a checkbox, if nothing else...
This bug has been going for over 7 years now, why can't Mozilla understand this is a real problem? -And seeing not just Microsoft, but also other browsers (Opera) manage to implement this, why is it so difficult for FF?
You can use a proxy.pac file by choosing Automatic proxy configuration url. The proxy pac file can be put on the local intranet webserver ((eg. http://intranet_server/proxy.pac ) . Its written in Javascript and is a good solution if you own a laptop which you use at work with a proxy server (proxy.pac gets loaded) and at home where you have broadband access (proxy pac is not found so doesn't get loaded).
Here is one I wrote for my company access :-
function FindProxyForURL(url, host)
if (isInNet(host, "10.0.0.0", "255.255.0.0")) {
return "DIRECT";
else if (isInNet(host, "172.17.107.0", "255.255.255.0")) {
return "DIRECT";
else if (isInNet(host, "127.0.0.0", "255.255.255.0")) {
return "DIRECT";
else if (isInNet(host, "188.8.131.52", "255.255.255.255")) {
return "DIRECT";
return "PROXY 172.17.107.36:8080";
In the proxy.pac file, the checks can be optimized to avoid excessive DNS usage, or to protect from a local DNS failure. This is more apropiate:
if (isPlainhost name(host) ||
dnsDomainIs(host, ".mydomain.com") ||
isInNet(host, "10.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0"))
return "DIRECT";
I think this bug is a perfect example of why Microsoft do so well. They implement practical & useful options whereas FF developers spend years in pointless arguments over something so simple.
PAC files are not practical for the vast majority of users who don't have a clue how to program javascript.
"I think this bug is a perfect example of why Microsoft do so well. They
implement practical & useful options whereas FF developers spend years in
pointless arguments over something so simple."
PAC files are not practical for the vast majority of users who don't have a
clue how to program javascript."
And even if one has a clue, you probably don't WANT it. For various reasons.
Not resolving hostnames to IP addresses BEFORE the no-proxy check is simply stupid. It helps preventing FF from being widely used in enterprise environments.
If you Mozilla guys would just do a dns lookup to resolve the damn hostnames, everything would be cool. C'mon, this can't be so hard to implement. Just do it already.
If you want to make Firefox support this feature with 99% of the fidelity of the IE version of the feature, the work to do so is trivial. You need not fully support Zones or any of the other complexity.
The (several line fix):
If no_proxies_on contains the string "<local>" and the hostname is plain (e.g. contains no dots) then you bypass the proxy. It's as simple as that. You don't need to change when you resolve DNS, you don't need to add a bunch of UI.
If network.automatic-ntlm-auth.trusted-uris also supported <local>, you would be far more compatible with most Windows-based Intranets.
I too feel the cool browser misses this small flexibility
Assuming comment 66 is accurate (comes from IE team program mgr), we should implement <local> and finally close this puppy.
Any chance this could make ff 4?
I'll leave the blocking call to platform drivers, but I suspect the answer is that this doesn't block, but a well-contained, reviewed, safe-looking patch with tests would be a plausible candidate for approval.
Not blocking, but as has been said previously, if someone contributes a safe patch for this we would most certainly consider taking this for Firefox 4.
I guess the main thing is to have a preference which would basically translates to :
if (isPlainHostName(host))
return "DIRECT";
(for me at least, that's the requirement)
Please note also this bug prevents using the awesome bar to search on Google when one use only one word.
Jason, can you write a comment laying out precisely what needs to be done in this bug for a new contributor? I don't think it's reasonable to expect a newcomer to wade through 71 comments in order to determine this bug's purpose.
It looks like we just need to do what's mentioned in comment 66.
grep -r no_proxies_on *
gives a list of the files that deal with the pref. Looks like the logic change would go into netwerk/base/src/nsProtocolProxyService.cpp.
I'd also like to look into the NTLM pref mentioned in comment 66. Cc-ing Jim Mathies, who knows NTLM much better than I. We could either roll that into this bug, or make it a separate one.
Created attachment 557066 [details] [diff] [review]
Proposed Diff
Uploaded a diff for initial feedback. I've implemented a check for "<local>", added a boolean flag to not filter local hosts, and a check for that flag.
Please take a look and let me know what you think.
Created attachment 557959 [details] [diff] [review]
v1.1 diff; includes test code
No test code was there for proxy filtering, so I added some. This tests should test different kinds of proxy filtering, including local domains using "<local>".
Comment on attachment 557959 [details] [diff] [review]
v1.1 diff; includes test code
Review of attachment 557959 [details] [diff] [review]:
Steve, please add following options to your hgrc and refresh the patch (it will add 8 lines of context and the name of the method hunks belong to):
diff=-U 8 -p
qdiff=-U 8
As I understand this is 80:20 solution. This will still use proxy e.g. for host included in hosts file that points to a local network. But that is rare and solution would be complicated. This patch is a good start.
Also, what about adding the reserved local IP ranges to the filter?
::: netwerk/base/src/nsProtocolProxyService.cpp
@@ +544,5 @@
> }
> }
> + // Don't use proxy for local hosts (plain hostname, no dots)
> + if (!is_ipaddr && mFilterLocalHosts && (0 > host.FindChar('.'))) {
FindChar result should be compared to kNotFound macro.
@@ +548,5 @@
> + if (!is_ipaddr && mFilterLocalHosts && (0 > host.FindChar('.'))) {
> +//#define DEBUG_DUMP_FILTERS
> +#ifdef DEBUG_DUMP_FILTERS
> + printf("Not using proxy for this local host [%s]!\n", host.get());
> +#endif
Please turn all your printf's to LOG()s or just remove them.
BTW printf's are never used in the production code like this.
@@ +859,5 @@
> PRBool usePAC;
> rv = Resolve_Internal(uri, info, flags, &usePAC, result);
> + if (NS_FAILED(rv)) {
> + printf("%s: Resolve_Internal returned rv(%d)\n", __FUNCTION__, rv);
You may add NS_ENSURE_SUCCESS here if you think the result is fatal. That will give you a log automatically too. But I am personally against that.
@@ +1112,5 @@
> + // If the current host filter is "<local>", then all local (i.e.
> + // no dots in the hostname) hosts should bypass the proxy
> + if (str.EqualsIgnoreCase("<local>")) {
> + mFilterLocalHosts = PR_TRUE;
If someone removes that pref we have to allow local hosts again. You also have to drop this flag before the cycle, or best do something like:
bool filterLocal = false;
for (filters) {
if ("<local">)
filterLocal = true;
mFilterLocalHosts = filterLocal;
> This will still use proxy e.g. for host included in hosts file
> what about adding the reserved local IP ranges to the filter?
If the goal is to match Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Safari on Windows, then you shouldn't filter on either of those factors, as none of the other browsers use these factors. <local> should match "plain" (dotless) hostnames only, and not attempt to use IP-mapping or other factors.
Created attachment 561091 [details] [diff] [review]
Updated diff
Updated diff based on comments from firstname.lastname@example.com
Honza, please take a quick look over the changes and verify, thanks.
Created attachment 561222 [details] [diff] [review]
Updated diff
Noticed a test case was failing - fixed the mistake. Had written "(kNotFound != ..." when it should have been "(kNotFound == ...".
Comment on attachment 561222 [details] [diff] [review]
Updated diff
Review of attachment 561222 [details] [diff] [review]:
Looks good.
r+ with few minor comments.
::: netwerk/base/src/nsProtocolProxyService.cpp
@@ +856,5 @@
> PRBool usePAC;
> rv = Resolve_Internal(uri, info, flags, &usePAC, result);
> + if (NS_FAILED(rv)) {
> + LOG(("%s: Resolve_Internal returned rv(%d)\n", __FUNCTION__, rv));
You should rather directly use "nsProtocolProxyService::Resolve" instead of formatting with __FUNCTION__, if you feel need for logging the method name. Log |rv| as 0x%08x please.
@@ +1113,5 @@
> + // no dots in the hostname) hosts should bypass the proxy
> + if (str.EqualsIgnoreCase("<local>")) {
> + mFilterLocalHosts = PR_TRUE;
> + LOG(("loaded filter for local hosts "
> + "(plain host names, no dots)\n"));
Indention. The second |"| on the same column as the upper one please.
@@ +1121,5 @@
> +
> + // For all other host filters, create HostInfo object and add to list
> + HostInfo *hinfo = new HostInfo();
> + if (!hinfo)
> + return; // fail silently
You can probably remove this check, new is infallible now.
::: netwerk/test/unit/test_protocolproxyservice.js
@@ +387,5 @@
> +function check_host_filters(hostList, bShouldBeFiltered) {
> + for (var i=0; i<hostList.length; i++) {
> + dump("*** uri=" + hostList[i] + " bShouldBeFiltered=" + bShouldBeFiltered + "\n");
> + uri = ios.newURI(hostList, null, null);
> + rv = pps.resolve(uri, 0);
var uri; var rv; please.
Also, rv is in general used for storing error states. You should use a different name for the variable.
Created attachment 561297 [details] [diff] [review]
Minor updates based on Honza's review
Carrying through r+
Thanks, Honza. I've submitted the patch (with minor updates as you suggested) to the try server.
Try run for a6441c831b18 is complete.
Detailed breakdown of the results available here:
Results (out of 229 total builds):
exception: 2
success: 214
warnings: 13
Builds available at http://firstname.lastname@example.com
pushed to mozilla-inbound for Steve
I feel somehow that needs documentation but don't know where and how. Adding keywords.
Downloaded from the link on comment 83, and also from the latest Nightly build.
It is NOT fixed and MAC OSX 10.7 Lion which also has an "exclude simple host names" in the system proxy settings.
The setting is stored in the system config file /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
under the keys :
1 being exclude, and 0 do not exclude.
Hi Thibaut,
Thanks for updating the bug with your comments. Can you provide some more details on your config, please? In the Preferences -> Advanced -> Network -> Settings dialog, can you clarify whether you configured Firefox to use "system proxy settings" or "Manual proxy configuration"?
FYI, this bugfix was designed to fix the "Manual proxy configuration" only. Your comment suggests that you're trying to test the behavior using Mac OS 10.7 system proxy settings - if that isn't working, that's a different issue, which might need a new bug.
If you haven't done so already, please test latest Nightly with "Manual proxy configuration" to see if there's an issue there.
The (future) documentation for this fix could be :
To avoid using a proxy for local servers, choose the manual proxy configuration of Firefox, and in the "No proxy for :" field add <local>
For instance you could have the following in the "No proxy for :"
localhost, 127.0.0.1, <local>
Hi Steve,
Thanks a lot for your quick and precise answer. Unfortunately, I had thought from the discussion that the bug was about using the "system proxy settings" which does not work for local servers. So with this small "documentation" as an introduction I hope others will be able to know how to test your fix.
As it is today, your fix works well for me both on Windows, and on Mac OSX 10.7 if I use the "manual proxy configuration" and this is great news.
But, if I select "system proxy settings" I confirm that Firefox (and Nightly) always uses the proxy, even for local servers whereas the system configuration says it should not (tested on Windows and Mac OSX 10.7)
If you think a new bug should be opened for the system proxy, who should open it ?
PS : on windows, the system proxy setting for local servers proxy bypass is stored in
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\ProxyOverride
which has the value "<local>" when local servers should not be connected to through a proxy. The key is not defined if the proxy should always be used.
on Mac the setting is stored in the system config file /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
under the keys :
1 being exclude, and 0 do not exclude.
I'm glad it's working for manual settings :)
Re opening a new bug, since you discovered it, please go ahead and open one. Your most recent comment sounds like a good start for a bug description. Please reference this bug as well, and either forward the bug to me via email or add me to the CC list.
So the change here is simply that if you're loading a URI with no dots in the hostname, the proxy is bypassed?
Correct. In Preferences -> Advanced -> Network -> Settings: Choose "Manual Proxy Configuration" and add "<local>" in "No proxy for:". For all domains which have no dots, requests will not go through the proxy.
This has a mention here now:
It's worth noting that page is pretty badly in need of other work if anyone wants to take a look. :)
Thanks, Eric. I added a small amendment to the mention to add that this is a configurable option. Note also that this is a developer page - I haven't looked yet, but there might be a better place that is more appropriate for end-users or system administrators.
That's why I left the user-doc-needed flag in place. :)
Ooops, sorry :)
*** Bug 262110 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
I added documentation for the <local> syntax to https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/No_Proxy_For_configuration


text:
Posted by emma on Saturday, November 23, 2013 at 3:22pm.
I not sure
You did not give answer choice or an image.
But, I'll tell you what would be impossible. It would be absolutely impossible if they both did not have the recessive genetic disease, and the child would not be at risk or 100% guaranteed to get the disease.
It would be 100% possible for both Square 1 and Circle 1 to have the disease, and pass it to their offspring.
The answer is D. The whole square, and half the circle, and a completely empty circle. How would that be possible? Their child would have at least a 50% chance of having the illness. If you need more help let me know!

subset: commoncrawl


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Brooklyn Bushwicks
|This article does not cite any sources. (May 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Brooklyn Bushwicks were an independent, semi-professional baseball team that played its games almost totally in Dexter Park in Queens from 1917 to 1951. They were unique at their time for fielding multi-ethnic rosters. They played what amounts to exhibition games against barnstorming Negro league teams, minor league baseball teams, and other semi-pro teams. The Bushwicks were owned by Max Rosner, who hired many former major league to play on his club, including Dazzy Vance and others. All the famous players of the time came to play exhibitions at Dexter Park including Dizzy Dean, Hank Greenberg, Joe DiMaggio, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, and Joe Medwick. Until he became friends with Rosner, Ruth demanded upfront payments in cash before agreeing to personal appearances. The DiMaggio picture was taken during his debut year with Yankees.
The great black stars, Josh Gibson, Cool Papa Bell and many others often opposed the Bushwicks. The team appeared on New York City television and on radio as well. The team's picture appeared in three different Spaulding Guides. A book on the Bushwicks by Thomas Barthel entitled, "Baseball's Peerless Semipros: The Brooklyn Bushwicks of Dexter Park," was published in 2009.
|This Negro league baseball-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
Miley Cyrus Kisses Liam Hemsworth, Engagement Back On
"Can't Be Tamed" singer Miley Cyrus can't let go either. She and Liam Hemsworth, 23 -- who hit a rough patch this spring and stopped planning their wedding -- got cozy at a party at her L.A. home May 10.
"She was kissing him," says a witness. "They were definitely back on."
PHOTOS: Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth's love story
Her engagement ring has reappeared too. After flaunting her bare finger in March and April, Cyrus, 20, rocked the 3.5-carat Neil Lane sparkler at the May 15 Maxim Hot 100 party at Create in Hollywood.
Still, friends doubt that the couple will last. "They break up, get back together, repeat," says one pal. "They will eventually burn out."
PHOTOS: Miley's hair evolution
Hemsworth's actor siblings have also tried to put a stop to his relationship. A source told Us that Chris and Luke staged an intervention with their younger brother in April.
The source said, "They want him to end the romance for good."
PHOTOS: Miley's very short shorts
Cyrus and Hemsworth became engaged last June after falling in love on the set of their 2009 film, The Last Song.
This article originally appeared on Usmagazine.com: Miley Cyrus Kisses Liam Hemsworth, Engagement Back On
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text:
October 1st of 1980 wasn't a particularly special day in Blue Jays history. It was the final home game of the regular season at old Exhibition Stadium. The Jays were days away from wrapping up a 67-95 season. On this day, there were but 12,426 fans in the stands to watch the culmination of a fifth straight losing season.
The fans on hand probably didn't even realize they were witnessing something special, something unique. Not the final score. Detroit out slugged the Blue Jays 11-7. So what was it about this game? Well it was the final start of the incredible, yet semi tragic career of Mark Fidrych.
On this day the man-child they called the "Bird" went five innings giving up five runs, four of those earned. The Jays effectively ended his day by scoring four runs in the fifth. Ernie Whitt keying the rally with a three run homer, the last "Round Tripper" Fidrych would ever surrender. Fidrych gutted it out through that fifth inning and managed to get the win, to finish his season at (2-3). The starter for the Blue Jays that day was a 23-year-old Dave Stieb. He got torched for seven hits and six earned runs in just 2 1/3 innings and took the loss to fall to (12-15). Greatness was yet to come for Stieb who was in just his second season in the Majors, his first full campaign. For Fidrych, we were just left with memories and the lingering question of how great he might have been.
Flash back to May 15th of 1976. The Tigers were home to Cleveland. Their scheduled starter that day had the flu. The manager, Ralph Houk "the Major" of Yankees fame, handed the ball to a 21-year-old long lanky right hander, who reminded a minor league coach of his at Lakeland of the legendary Sesame Street character "Big Bird". All
Fidrych did was pitch a complete game two-hitter as he out-dueled Cleveland's Pat Dobson in a 2-1 Tigers victory. There were 14,583 people on hand for the game. Remember that number.
There were some great Blue Jays and Canadian baseball connections in that game.
Rusty Staub was in right field for Detroit. Alan Ashby, a Blue Jay a year later was catching for Cleveland and the two DH's - the Tigers Willie Horton and the Indians Rico Carty - played with the Jays as well. For Fidrych this was only the beginning of one of most magical seasons in baseball history.
After losing his next start at Fenway in yet another complete game, 2-0 to the great Luis Tiant, Fidrych would go on to reel off seven straight victories He was more than just a pitcher though, he was a fun loving unassuming kid who just loved playing the game. He would talk to the ball and carefully groom the mound before every inning. He caught the baseball world by storm. Fidrych appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated twice and was the first athlete ever to appear on the cover of "Rolling Stone" Magazine.
In his first 13 starts, Fidrych worked an unbelievable 120 1/3 innings. If you do the math, that's over nine innings per start. How is that possible? Well three times over that span Houk let him go 11 innings.
On June the 28th, he was featured in a Monday Night baseball national telecast, Fidrych beat the Yankees 5-1 in just an hour and 51 minutes. Fidrych would go on to start the All-Star game for the American League in his 12th Major League start.
He would go on to finish the season at (19-9) for Detroit with a 2.34 ERA. But it was some of his other numbers that were truly astounding. Fidrych made 29 starts from mid-May till the end of the season. He pitched 24 complete games including four shutouts and pitched 250 1/3 innings. Pitchers today are proud just to hit 200 innings. On May 31st, he pitched a game that lasted one hour and 48 minutes. Then in his next start, he bested that taking just one hour and 46 minutes.
Another unusual thing about Fidrych was he had his own personal catcher. He was 24- year-old Bruce Kimm, a rookie who played his first game with the Tigers just two weeks before Fidrych made his first start. They worked so well together in that first start Houk kept them as a battery all season. I don't know if that would ever happen today.
As great as he was for Detroit that season, the Tigers still finished up the track at 74-87. Somehow, though he was voted Rookie of the Year, he didn't win the Cy Young too. That honour went to the Orioles' Jim Palmer.
But Fidrych's success on the diamond would be short lived. He injured his knee in the spring of 1977, and later in that season damaged his shoulder. Times being what they were, and medical advances in the treatment of arm injuries were still in their infancy, it wasn't discovered till 1985 that the "Bird" had a damaged rotator cuff. He finished his career with a (29-19) record and 3.10 ERA and 34 complete games in just 58 starts.
This is the really incredible number. When Roger Clemens, one of the All-time greats pitched for the Blue Jays in 1997 and 1998, attendance barely increased on days he was on the mound at Rogers Centre. Yet in 1976, a year in which the Tigers drew 1,467,020 fans, more than half of that number showed up for the 18 games Fidrych pitched in. That is incredible.
So if you were one of the few who were at Exhibition Stadium on Oct. 1, 1980 consider yourself lucky. You saw the final appearance of one of the most unique talents and colourful characters the baseball world has ever seen.
A long-time member of the baseball beat, Scott Ferguson covers the Blue Jays for TSN Radio 1050 in Toronto. His baseball blog appears on TSN.ca during the season.
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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
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|Trejkaz <trej...@trypticon.org>
|Re: Database shutdown not releasing file handles
|Wed, 04 Apr 2012 07:27:55 GMT
On Wed, Apr 4, 2012 at 4:46 PM, Kristian Waagan <email@example.com> wrote: > On 04.04.12 05:23, Trejkaz wrote: >> >> We have the occasional user reporting that after shutting down the >> database, they can see file handles still open. >> >> We're using ;shutdown=true (or at least the DataSource equivalent of >> it) to do this, and we were led to believe that this would be >> sufficient to release all file handles. > > Hi, > > Yes, it should, but can you please clarify if you're talking about database > shutdown or Derby system shutdown? Just individual database shutdown. > Also, do you know to what kinds of files Derby keeps open handles? The files which are held are: seg0\c951.dat seg0\c861.dat seg0\c211.dat seg0\c71.dat seg0\c130.dat seg0\c731.dat seg0\cf0.dat These do seem to be closed at some point *after* shutdown returns, leading us to believe that shutdown doesn't necessarily shut down "now", but rather "some time in the future." The timing is like this: 11:09:02.0444360 AM - close call presumably finishes around here 11:10:00.8759376 AM - we attempt to rename the directory 11:10:00.8760454 AM - first close call after our rename attempt 11:10:12.4420715 AM - last close call after our rename attempt >> Is it possible that shutdown doesn't actually shut the database down? > > Which version of Derby are you running with? v10.8.2.2. Another probably-critical piece of information I missed was that the OS is Windows. (If it had been Linux, we probably wouldn't ever notice this sort of thing since we discovered the issue when trying to move a file which was held open.) Daniel
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Religion & Spirituality, ChristianityFollow
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January 21st, 2015
Episode 181 of 731 episodes
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text:
O.C. bakery wins 2 national small-biz contestsApril 11th, 2012, 9:59 am by Jan Norman, small-business columnist
Huntington Beach entrepreneur Debora George Tsakoumakis, founder of Wire-a-Cake and HB Bakery Connection is the national winner in not one but two national contests to promote small business.
I wrote about Wire-a-Cake in 2010. Founded in 1987, the bakery will mail cakes anywhere in the world. These 9-inch stay-fresh cakes have been popular with troops serving overseas and college students as well as people celebrating birthdays, anniversaries or other special days.
Tsakoumakis entered different Facebook contests-- one by LegalZoom, the California-based legal documents website, and the other at Staples, the office supplies retailer.
LegalZoom chose only one winner in its "Make Your Biz a Star" contest with a prize of $20,000 in national TV commercial time.Read the rest of this entry »


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Found 3 History tutors in Kennewick, WA 99336.
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Call (888) 651-9785
December 2016
Fascinated by the ancient shopping precinct and the ancient restaurant - so similar in layout to current pubs. Great to be able to continue to explore at own rate and return to Rome when you are ready rather than be rushed through the tour.
November 2016
Our guide, whose name I unfortunately have forgotten, was wonderful. He was on time to meet us and the tour was really informative. We liked the small group--there were 6 of us--and the flexibility of having our return train ticket so we could return to Rome whenever we chose, not necessarily at the end of the tour. Ostia was not overrun with other tourists, so it allowed us to explore and look without fighting the crowds that we encountered on tours in Rome. I really recommend a camera and comfortable shoes. The surfaces are very uneven and because we were there after a rainy night, there were lots of puddles to get around. I highly recommend this tour!
November 2016
Wonderful tour! Our guide, Mike, was very professional, he gave us a lot of informations, and also told us very good jokes. It was a very pleasant morning.
In the afternoon we went to the see! Very nice and quiet...in October near the sea.
Worth a visit!!
Sent from my iPad
November 2016
We had a wonderful visit to Ostia Antica with Ahmed. He was very knowledgeable and interesting. Really felt that we got so much more out of the trip with him. The tour was well organized and paced perfectly. Ahmed was very accommodating and helpful to all in the group. The visit was like a stroll with a professor. Recommend Ahmed and this tour highly.
October 2016
Excellent Trip. Our guide was very informative and the trip itself was relaxing and we learned a lot. Ostia is a small Pompeii and did not have the crowds which made it lovely.
October 2016
excellent trip,great guide.very interesting site.early morning trip,the site was lovely and quiet.as good as pompei,another insight into the outstanding roman empire!
October 2016
Better then Pompeii. No crowds and a great guide..
September 2016
Great tour guide. Better than Pompeii. Thank you for an awesome day!
September 2016
I really enjoyed visiting this lesser known ancient town. Our guide was Rebecca and she was very friendly and answered all our questions, and you could tell she enjoyed interacting with us and having a conversation not just repeating facts. She really made the tour special. The tour covers the best of the bulk of the town, and Rebecca had good advice on what we could see if we stayed after the tour. It is also a nice touch that this tour meets you in Rome and gets you on and off the right train at the right stops. I would definitely recommend this tour.
September 2016
Excellent trip , very well preserved situs , interesting and usefull information from the guide,
Mike , an american living in Italy , so native english speaker .
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Kodak Playfull Dual camera pictures and hands-onPocket-lint
We at Pocket-lint have a theory that, at electronic trade shows, you could decipher just how badly a company wants to impress the attendees by the thickness of its booth's carpet.
At CES 2012, Kodak's booth was covered in a pile so substantial that we almost felt like taking a well earned kip on it. Actually, who are we kidding - we did have a lovely power nap and awoke to take a concentrated look at the Kodak Playfull Dual camera.
Kodak has had its fair share of financial woes as of late but that didn't stop it announcing a few gems at CES 2012, the highlight probably being the Playfull Dual. After all, it can not only shoot Full HD video but also snap 12-megapixel stills as well.
Its real USP is its Wi-Fi capabilities though, which mean that any images or video that you take can be wirelessly uploaded to your computer via the Share button. The in-camera UI will allow you to choose where you'd like to send your footage online - all the usual suspects like Facebook and YouTube are present - and then it's simply a case of connecting.
This is great and the camera threw up the social networking options without hesitation although we couldn't help but wonder if this was a device that was still relevant. After all, you show us a modern smartphone that can't shoot HD video (maybe not 1080p, but 720p at least) and ping it to the web using Wi-Fi and we'll eat our hat. And it's a big hat.
Maybe there is still a market for some higher end fun camera tech though and, if so, then this camera will certainly fit the bill. It can shoot in Full HD a 60fps and there's also a high-speed capture mode which shoots at up to 240fps at 720p resolution for slow-motion movies. You'll also get an external microphone jack, built-in Xenon flash, micro-HDMI and an SDHC card slot.
The Kodak PlayFull Dual Video Camera will be available in black and white and should be in the UK for spring priced at £159.99. We liked the white one the most, it's very pretty.
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The same thing as the other poster, but larger! This poster is roughly 16" x 12" and looks so pretty on any wall! This piece is an inkjet print on Epson matte paper and comes rolled up in a sturdy cardboard tube.
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CAD Designer - DAT Perceptual Abilities
- Status Closed
- Budget N/A
- Total Bids 6
Project Description
We are seeking a contractor to create a full set of 90 DAT Perceptual Abilities practice test questions. This set of 90 must include 15 questions from each of the 6 question types on the Perceptual Abilities test. The attached doc file will provide you with examples of the types of questions we require. Each question should be stored as a single picture file conforming to the layout of the sample questions. The picture files should be accompanied by a table containing the answer key. All questions must be unique and original.
Link to official DAT test page: [url removed, login to view]
This job requires both the technical creativity to conceptualize new original practice test questions and the CAD proficiency to create the necessary graphics.
When applying, please include, along with your resume, a single sample DAT Perceptual Abilities test question that you have created, from one of the 6 sections of the test. Your sample will be evaluated based not only on the CAD proficiency demonstrated, but also on its originality and usefulness as a test question.
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Results 1 to 6 of 6
- 01-13-2014, 07:26 PM Thread Author #1
Is there a way to rearrange my drawer with Nova Launcher?
I've had my phone for about 6 months now and the apps are stacking up. In the drawer, I've put the apps into folders according to category. But the apps that are displayed are not always the ones that I use most. Sometimes I have to open up a few to find the apps I want. So I was just wondering I could arrange it in a way that displays apps I want.
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Re: Is there a way to rearrange my drawer with Nova Launcher?
Not sure about that. Personally, I leave the drawer with the apps in alphabetical order, and I arrange my homescreens for most used apps
From a Sprint Moto X using AC Forums app
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Re: Is there a way to rearrange my drawer with Nova Launcher?
You can create a new tab that will show up as a separate section in the drawer. I've done this in order to show my most used apps in one spot.
Nova settings > drawer > drawer groups > add tab > name tab > select apps > move tab to top of list
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- 01-13-2014, 08:42 PM Thread Author #4
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Re: Is there a way to rearrange my drawer with Nova Launcher?
Another option is to create a SUB-folder within each category folder and move the less used apps into it. For example I have a TOOLS drawer folder. Within it is a "xt[ MORE ] folder. The more regularly used apps are in the main Tools folder and seldom used apps are in More. Makes it a lot easier to find things. The "xt" prefix is to force it to be last and the "t" for tools since I have more than one More.
- 01-14-2014, 11:57 AM Thread Author #6
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Waking up the morning after the election was traumatic for many. It was for us. My husband turned over and said, "the last time I felt this way it was 9/11." A component of trauma is shock and surprise, along with feelings of powerlessness.


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An analysis of the indicator saturation estimator as a robust regression estimator
An algorithm suggested by Hendry (1999) for estimation in a regression with more regressors than observations, is analyzed with the purpose of finding an estimator that is robust to outliers and structural breaks. This estimator is an example of a one-step M-estimator based on Huber's skip function. The asymptotic theory is derived in the situation where there are no outliers or structural breaks using empirical process techniques. Stationary processes, trend stationary autoregressions and unit root processes are considered.
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|Date of creation:
|05 Feb 2008
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| Web page: http://www.econ.au.dk/afn/
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- Koenker,Roger, 2005.
"Quantile Regression,"
Cambridge Books,
Cambridge University Press, number 9780521845731, May.
- Roger Koenker & Kevin F. Hallock, 2001. "Quantile Regression," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 143-156, Fall.
- Koenker,Roger, 2005. "Quantile Regression," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521608275, May.
- Nielsen, Bent, 2005.
"Strong Consistency Results For Least Squares Estimators In General Vector Autoregressions With Deterministic Terms,"
Econometric Theory,
Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(03), pages 534-561, June.
- Bent Nielsen, 2003. "Strong consistency results for least squares estimators in general vector autoregressions with deterministic terms," Economics Papers 2003-W23, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
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On August 21, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reversed certification of a class action comprised of Florida purchasers of Bayer's One-A-Day WeightSmart multivitamin. See Carrera v. Bayer Corp., No. 12-2621 (3d Cir. Aug. 21, 2013). Relying on another recent ruling in Marcus v. BMW of North America, LLC, 687 F.3d 583 (3d Cir. 2012), the Third Circuit invalidated the lower court's order certifying a Florida class alleging consumer-fraud claims against Bayer on the ground that the class was not ascertainable — i.e., membership in the class could not be identified "without extensive and individualized fact-finding or mini-trials." Carrera, slip op. at 10 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). In so doing, the appellate court not only determined that the Supreme Court's "rigorous analysis" requirement applies to ascertainability, but also declared that defendants have a fundamental due-process right to challenge individuals' membership in a class. (Skadden submitted an amicus brief on behalf of the Product Liability Advisory Council in support of Bayer.)
The plaintiff in Carrera commenced a putative consumer-fraud class action against Bayer on behalf of consumers who purchased Bayer's One-A-Day WeightSmart multivitamin. Id. at 3-4. The gravamen of plaintiff's suit is that Bayer falsely advertised the product as enhancing metabolism. Id. Bayer challenged class certification, arguing that the proposed class was not ascertainable because there was no list of purchasers and Bayer did not sell WeightSmart directly to consumers. Id. at 4. Nonetheless, the district court certified the class, accepting both of plaintiff's proposals to ascertain class membership: (1) reliance on retailer records of sales; and (2) affidavits by class members stating that they purchased the product and specifying the amount paid. Notably, the district court did so notwithstanding the fact that the named plaintiff himself "failed to remember when he purchased WeightSmart and … confused it with WeightSmart Advanced and other … products." Id. at 5. Bayer appealed, and the Third Circuit reversed.
In reversing the lower court's ruling, the Third Circuit made clear that the "rigorous analysis" requirement enunciated by the Supreme Court "appl[ies] to the question of ascertainability." Id. at 9. After all, the Court of Appeals recognized, "[c]lass ascertainability is 'an essential prerequisite of a class action, at least with respect to actions under Rule 23(b)(3).'" Id. (citation omitted). Thus, a plaintiff advancing a class proposal "must show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the class is 'currently and readily ascertainable based on objective criteria,'" and the trial court must evaluate this showing by employing a "rigorous analysis." Id. (citation omitted).
Applying this standard, the Court of Appeals held that the certified class was not ascertainable and rejected each of the plaintiff's proposals for determining membership in the class. First, the appellate court dismissed plaintiff's proposal to rely on retailer records of online sales and sales using customer membership cards because "there [was] no evidence that a single purchaser of WeightSmart could be identified" using these records. Id. at 14 (emphasis added). Second, the Court of Appeals nixed the plaintiff's proposal to rely on affidavits of class members stating that they purchased WeightSmart and specifying the amount paid, reasoning in large part that it denies Bayer of the opportunity to challenge class membership. As the court highlighted, "[t]his is especially true" given that the named plaintiff himself "suggested that individuals will have difficulty recalling their purchases of WeightSmart," which likely took place many years ago. Id. at 15.
Beyond confirming that ascertainability is an essential prerequisite to class certification that must pass the "rigorous analysis" test, the Third Circuit also resolved that defendants have a due-process right to contest an individual's membership in the class. "In this case," the appellate court observed, "the ascertainability question is whether each class member purchased WeightSmart in Florida." Id. at 10. As the court appropriately recognized, "[i]f this were an individual claim, a plaintiff would have to prove at trial [that] he purchased" the product. Id. at 10-11. The right to mount such a challenge does not disappear by dint of the class device, the Court of Appeals explained, emphasizing that "a class action cannot be certified in a way that eviscerates this right or masks individual issues." Id. at 11. In short, "[a] defendant has a similar, if not the same, due process right to challenge the proof used to demonstrate class membership as it does to challenge the elements of a plaintiff's claim." Id. Because none of the proposals advanced by plaintiff would allow defendant to adequately challenge class membership, the Court of Appeals reversed the lower court's certification order. However, the appellate court did afford plaintiff another opportunity to submit to the district court reliable proposals that would allow defendants to adequately challenge class membership.
The Third Circuit's recent ruling is a significant win for manufacturers of consumer products, particularly disposable items (including food) for which consumers do not tend to keep receipts. As the Carrera ruling makes clear, ascertainability is a fundamental prerequisite to class certification that is subject to the heightened requirements articulated in recent Supreme Court decisions. Moreover, this prerequisite is inextricably linked to due process, which guarantees a defendant's right to contest whether an individual is actually part of the putative class. Accordingly, without reliable and objective methods to determine class membership, a class action cannot satisfy ascertainability.
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The Walking Dead (TV Series)
Tell It to the Frogs (2010)
Plot Summary
Rick and his newfound friends return to their camp where he is reunited with this wife Lori and his son Carl. She's very happy to see her husband alive and well but is more than a bit angry at Shane Walsh, Rick's police partner, who told her he was dead. The returnees also have to tell Merle Dixon's brother Daryl that they had to leave him behind. Rick is feeling some guilt over that and decides he's going to return to Atlanta to rescue him. What they find when they get there is not what they expected. Back at the camp, Shane takes out his frustrations on one of the men who has been physically abusing his wife.- Written by garykmcd
Rick is finally reunited with his wife, Lori, and his son, Carl. But he feels guilty about leaving Merle, handcuffed, on the roof of the department store. He decides to go and rescue him, along with Glenn, T-Bone, and Merle's brother Daryl.- Written by Chris Green
Rick and the survivors return to the camp and he meets his wife Lori and his son Carl. Lori does not tell him about her affair with Shane and is upset and angry with Shane, since he told her that Rick was dead. The survivors have to face Merle's brother Daryl Dixon, who is also a violent man, to tell him that his brother was left behind. Rick decides to return to Atlanta to rescue Merle and his bag of arms and ammunition with Daryl, Glenn and T-Dog. However, when they reach the rooftop, they only find Merle's hand.- Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Rick is reunited with Lori and Carl but soon decides - along with some of the other survivors - to return to the rooftop and rescue Merle. Meanwhile, tensions run high between the other survivors at the camp.- Written by David Rush
Welcome back to zombie land ... Merle, still chained to a rooftop in Atlanta, rants and raves almost incoherently...See full synopsis » (Warning: contains spoilers!)


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adidas Originals
Baby Boys Gazelle Gift Set
rrp £29.99
adidas Originals
Baby Boys Gazelle Gift Set
rrp £29.99
Product added to your basket
Product code: 37759
Colour: Black
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Baby Boys adidas Originals Gazelle Gift Set in Black
the kids gazelle gift set is perfect for any baby boy, with a soft foam football to kick around the house, the Gazelle crib trainers is a silhouette of the Men's style which was released in 1968 as an all-round trainer.
-adidas originals logo to tongue & heel
-Trademark 3 stripe branding to sides
- OrthoLite® - breathable, moisture wicking, cushioning
-adiFIT inner sole for accurate fit
-Textile Upper, Inner & Sole.
Delivery info
Standard Delivery £3.95 (2-5 days)
Next Day Delivery £5.95
(see terms and conditions for full details) View Full Delivery Policy
Returns info
If you are unhappy with your purchase for any reason, return it to us (unworn) within 21 days and we'll give you a full refund or exchange (see terms and conditions for full details)
View Full Returns Policy
Get the most out of returns with GetTheLabel... shop our pre-paid returns labels here: Click here for Royal Mail or Click here for Collect+


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Simple Photoshop work
This project received 42 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $49 USD.Get free quotes for a project like this
Project Budget$30 - $250 USD
Total Bids42
Project Description
I need a face replaced on a photo.
I need a better picture of myself to be placed on the original photo of me and a young lady.
Skills Required
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