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subset: commoncrawl


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Charlton skipper hopes promotion form will continue in the Championship
12:58 18 July 2012
PA Wire/Press Association Images
Johnnie Jackson wants Charlton to hit the ground running in the Championship
Charlton captain Johnnie Jackson wants the Addicks to stick to their League One title-winning principles when they start life back in the Championship.
The 29-year-old, who netted 13 times from midfield last season, told Charlton's official website: "The target is just to carry on from where we left off and try to win as many games as we can and see where we go,
"It's been done before and we'll be trying to do our best.
"We're not going to set targets and say we should get promoted, should do this and should do that, but we'll be as competitive as we always are and give it our best shot," he added.


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Yes I have lost several. 2 of them were pretty old but came back from
suckers. I love them in the spring but hate them when they come up
everywhere from seeds or when the leaves get all tattered from
I have a Forest Pansy Redbud now that died to the ground, I cut it off
and let it come back as a multi trunk tree. This year I had to cut out a
big sucker that had green leaves instead of the purple. It may have been
from a seedling though.
I love the purple color in the spring with Snow-in-summer growing underneath it.
My peonies are just about to open up. They are one of my favorite blooms in spring.
sent from my i-phone
Patricia Dickson
On May 2, 2011, at 5:57 AM, firstname.lastname@example.com wrote:
> That sounds like you have lost them, too, so maybe it's just the
> nature of the tree not to be long-lived. There are a couple of suckers
> from this one, so maybe we will have a tree again someday.
> In a message dated 5/1/2011 11:55:45 PM Eastern Daylight Time,
> firstname.lastname@example.com writes:
> Sometimes I have had redbud trees come back from the root. It takes a
> while
> but they seem to be stronger since the roots are strong.
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: <email@example.com>
> To: <email@example.com>
> Sent: Sunday, May 01, 2011 5:52 PM
> Subject: Re: [CHAT] Spring?
>> Spring finally seems in full swing here. The sun has finally put in
>> an appearance for a couple of days. It's not really warm, but nice
>> enough to be out without heavy coats - 60s and not too windy.
>> I've had my hands full making up the folders, exams, etc. for our
>> Horticulture School this coming week, I have neglected the garden
>> dreadfully, but finally got my onions in this afternoon. Of course, here,
>> with spring weather you get shad flies which make itvery uncomfortable
>> to be out very long.
>> All the fruit trees are in full bloom. The dogwoods look much better than
>> last year. The magnolia, for once, made a good showing without being
>> frost-bitten. Most years we have a frost just as the buds are opening,
>> and
>> they are all blackened. One very sad note, however, is that my redbud
>> (Cercis canadensis) seems to be completely dead. It was especially
>> nice last year, so I can't imagine what did it in, unless it was the
>> extremely
>> cold weather. Most of my perennials came through the winter in
>> surprisingly
>> good shape, which I attribute to the very thick snow cover that we had all
>> winter long. Since the redbud was above the snow, maybe it just isn't
>> that hardy.
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> To sign-off this list, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com with the
> message text UNSUBSCRIBE GARDENCHAT
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text:
Order Versus Chaos or the Ghost of Indeterminacy
Alexandru Giuculescu
1. Argument
Truth, certainty, precision are the highest criteria for judgement on any statement concerning structures and processes of a universe within the reach of the human mind. People learned that the mythological heritage cannot satisfy all spiritual needs and, consequently, the mind activity extended from the perceptual explanation of the world to the conception of means to record and disseminate the resulting cognitions. Thinking became gradually a researching activity with a lasting educational component and was able to develop a twofold advance: philosophy dealing with general retrospective analyses and prospective outlooks, and science focussing the attention on particular actual problems approached by specific means. In spite of obvious differences, both philosophical and scientifical thoughts are to submit their statements to he above criteria for assuming the noblest tasks of Paideia.
At the turning of our century the science of the inert world, i.e. physics and chemistry, discovered phenomena that compelled the scientists to revise old deterministic patterns of explanation wich became controversial, and to look for new ones. During our century concepts like natural law, order, certainty became a matter of doubt for both theoretical and experimental scientists. Almost concomitantly biologists discovered that life phenomena had to be approached as chains of changes, so that the concept of creation was to be redefined together with the concept of order. Similar changes were recorded in the social sciences wich are dealing with animal and human collectivities. Finally, the uncontroversial model of exactness, mathematics, had refine its tools in order to tackle the problems issued from empirical sciences and to use efficiently the amazing facilities provided by electronic computational devices.
All these changes of pattern in science have entailed many ideatic changes in the philosophical camp, where were working not only specialized philosophers but also scientists who used to expound sometimes polemically their own theses on topics from their domains. A significant result of this interpenetration is the increasing number of studies and papers under titles that join the term "philosophy" with the name of particular sciences. It sounds like a rejoinder to works with titles that remind a scientific model of some philosophers (e.g. Kant's "Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten können", Fichte's "Wissenschaftslehre", Husserl's "Philpsophie als strenge Wissenschaft").
Taking into account that philosophy is looking backwards and forwards claiming to be perennial, while science focusses the actuality, the field of the former extends on several interconnected levels and the latter unfolds on different contiguous domains divided in macroscopic and microscopic subdomaines. Traditionally, philosophy counts its main levels beginning with the universe (ontology) and the human knowledge (epistemology), continuing with the discourse on universe and knowledge (logic), and ending with the evaluation of all previous levels (axiology). Philosophy intends to educate humanity by answering questions about existence, report on existence and about the value of both existence and report on it.
As it may be presumed from the double title of this paper, one of the major question for both philosophy and science of our days is whether order and chaos are on equal foot, whether indeterminacy is an authentic face of the Being or is merely a transient companion like a ghost haunting the consciouness of scientific researchers, reminding the mythological inception of the universe. The Christian mediaeval thinkers concluded with arguments from the Holy Writ and from the classical philosophy that "esse est ordo"[1]. This fundamental statement belongs to those truths which in the modern era Leibniz declared as possible as long as their impossibility cannot be proved [2]. If thinking is an activity of the mind and its object is referential or autoreferential, then there are three alternatives: first, order is intrinsically inherent to the world, secondly, order is extrinsically imposed by the immanent mind, or thirdly, order is imposed by a transcendental factor. Each from these hypotheses has representatives in the history of thinking, but nowadays it seems that the mediaeval option is prevailing [3], [4], [5].
In contrast with order, chaos is known from mythological cosmologies and from the Bible under the name of "tohu-bohu". Chaos meant a state of things before they got an order and, consequently, before they began to exist and could be perceived through senses or, alternatively, organized by the conceptual activity of the mind. It results that chaos could not be perceived but only presumed or, rather, conceived as something quite opposed to order. Linguisticaly, the opposition to order may be expressed by disorder and this fact gives the key to understand the "birth" of chaos: it is, indeed, a conceptual birth, not an existentional one and, therefore, chaos has nothing to do with existence, since it is produced by logic and linguistic routines favoured, of course, by the binarity of our mental framework. This paper is intended to show that existence means intrinsic order, structural organization and functional processes while disorder, chaos or randomness, are only "une façon de parler" to express a sudden change or an unexpected loss of pattern followed by an interlude before the perception of a new order or structural organization or a new process. For these reasons one can say that chaos is rather an epistemological topic as it is related to describability and predictibility difficulties. However, scientists had to cope with phenomena that seemed to behave "chaotically" beyond any epistemological interpretation, as they belong to the ontological level.
2. The ontological status of indeterminacy
If an imprecise knowledge of real things or events is not entirely imputable to the observer, it may be presumed that the structure of the existent entity under observation is an entangled intricacy and undiscernable mixture of changing elements, wich may be called indeterminacy. Examples of indeterminacy were known in the 19th century from the Brownian movement explained by an incalculable sequence of collisions of particles and from thermodynamics whose laws stated that in isolated systems entropy, i.e. the measure of transformation of ordered movement into disorder, is increasing. In our century Heisenberg formulated the relations of uncertainty concerning the simultaneous precise measure of position and velocity of microscopic particles and, consequently, the impredictibily of their behaviour. Later on Edward Lorenz described the "deterministic chaos" starting from climatological phenomena like the movements of wings of a butterfly in South Asia and a cyclone in Atlantic. B. Mandelbrot studied degrees of irregularities in geometrical shapes and in natural objects and developed a theory of such occurrences, called fractals, with applications in anatomy and turbulence. Ilya Prigogine led researches on mixing processes and dissipative structures and established that in states far from quilibrium fluctuations are emerging with points of bifurcations generating new forms of order instead of old ones. Such processes happen also in the living world without intervention from outside and Francisco Varela called such processes autopoiesis.
The Brownian movement, Boltzmann's entropy, Heisenberg's uncertainty relations, Edward Lorenz' deterministic chaos, Mandelbrot's fractals, Prigogine's dissipative structures, Varela's autopoiesis are paradigms demonstrating the penetration of indeterminacy in the scientific thinking wich is not prepared to deal with it smoothly. On the order side the scientific thinking could not reject indeterminacy because it violates the alleged lawfulness of the nature. Causal as well as final determinism was at stake and epistemologists had to answer whether order is inherent to existence or it is imposed from outside. A plea for indeterminism seems to be no plausible solution for the ontological status of indeterminacy [7].
3. The logical status of indeterminacy
In the universe of discourse some objects or processes "resisted" to any deterministic approach and therefore they were epitomized indeterminate entities. On the other side they were credited as belonging to an inherent order or structure on the ontological level. Now the discourse itself involves a conceptual and linguistic structure which facilitates the intercommunication and, thus, is ipso facto bound to certain rules, i.e. to a kind of determinism. However, the ghost of indeterminacy haunts on the logical level as it haunts on the ontological one. Firts we met the logical indeterminacy in Organon when Aristotle dealt with statement on uncertain future events meaning that they are unpredictible. In this case statement convey indeterminacy wich lies outside them, in a conjectural future. In our century Kurt Gödel discovered that axiomatic systems possess undecidable sentences like the adiabatic systems in thermodynamics that possess entropy. In both cases indeterminacy means apparently loss of "order" if this is understood as something "nec varietur" in an Eleatic version of the universe. In fact order cannot be lost as it cannot be acquired. Order is intrinsic to existing entities and "disorder", means in fact, a change of a previous order, thus, another kind of order. If we fail to get rid from the bias of the deterministic pattern of thought, there is no chance to understand that indeterminacy, disorder, chaos, randomness, vagueness are terms wich serve merely as "une façon de parler" without meaning exactly what they prima facie may suggest: a diametrically clear-cut opposite to order.
The polysemous use of negation is a controversial matter since the Antiquity, but scientists chose exclusively the logical interpretation of negation according to the principles of non-contradiction and tertium non datur and built up the modern science. While the latter principle began to be criticized only later by intuitionist mathematicians because of its unlimited use, the principle of non-contradiction remained uncontroversial. This fact explains the misunderstandings in the contemporary discussions on indeterminacy and uncertainty, or chaos, in science.
The semanitic analysis of negation calls for an essential revision of the dichotomic division of the logical discourse in affirmative and negative statements and, consequently, replacing the latter by statements different from the affirmative ones. Negation becomes in this case one kind among several kinds of statements different from the affirmative statements. On this way the fundamental binarity of our thinking is not violated and the referential diversity may be more adequately described by our discourse. If logicians agree with this new outlook, then indeterminacy and its synonims are quite compatible with order and the Spinozian saying "omnis determinatio est negatio" seems obsolete.
The coherence requirements compel us to outline a revised logic with two principles: one of the identity and the other of the alterity, wich rule single statements, and the principle of sufficient reason caring for the meaningfulness of any concatenation of statements referring to the knowledge of the universe. The propositional calculus needs two binary operators: "idem" (identity), "aliter" (alterity), and a diadic operator "neque-neque" with the following truth tables:
The diadic operator, like Sheffer's stroke, has two entries:
This logic, which may be called "aoristic", is apt to maintain the binarity and at the same time to express all grades of the possibility from the virtuality and probability to reality and necessity. As long as order is acnowledgedly inherent to any form of reality, disorder, indeterminacy, uncertainty or chaos are neither identical nor opposite, but different from order, as we learned from the ontological status of indeterminacy. The principle of alterity saves the logicality of indeterminacy which can be analysed in detail.
The universe of the aoristic logic consists of indeterminate components, conventionally called alternatives, enjoying full equiprobabilty, stability, and homogeneity. Owing to the aoristic principles, any area of indeterminacy can be identified, the equiprobable alternatives can be discerned, and the chain of valid statements can be secured by the sufficient reason to avoid any confusion between intrinsic order and induced order from outside. Because the alternatives are quiprobable, each has the value 1/n in the interval (0,1), where n is the number of alternatives, 0 means non-existence, i.e. unutterable, and 1 is certainty. Indeterminacy or uncertainty are not incompatible with dynamics and, therefore, changes or transformations are not ecluded, but they mean loss of stability and homogeneity inside the area of indeterminacy or uncertainty. This may occur if one or more alternatives get other values than 1/n. It may happen that a "dissident" alternative divides in equiprobable subalternatives and, beside the order, now poorer, uncertain entity, there emerges a new uncertain entity enjoying stability and homogeneity. The process of the engendering uncertain entities may continue until complete determination and loss of indeterminacy. Each moment of this process is a level of compossibility which may serve as a measure of indeterminacy or uncertainty: the greater the number of levels, the nearer the certainty or determination. The process itself occurs on the ontological level, but its accurate description is available by means of the aoristic logic.
4. The axiological status of indeterminacy
As an independent philosophical discipline axiology is much younger than ontology, logic, and epistemology. For a long time axiology was associated with ethical, aesthetical, and economical issues. In the 19th century axiology got a relative autonomy with Lotze, Windelband, and Rickert, who grounded their valuational insights on the idea of a realm of values. In our century axiology unfolded in the context of the phenomenological movement. The concept of value, which is the core of the axiological thinking, has its roots in the category of quality and in the use of the term "axiom" in logical arguments and in mathematical demonstrations grounded on its etymology.
Based on such undeniable roots, the concept of value interferes with indeterminacy in both theoretical and pragmatical maters. This fact became explicit only in 1965, when L.A. Zadeh [8] published a paper under the title "Fuzzy sets" introducing the concept of fuzziness or vagueness, which soon got various philosophic, scientific, and engineering interpretations. Zadeh illustrated fuzziness in set theory by stressing the gradualty of membership relation between elements and sets in some cases.
Fuzzy experts extended the researches to many properties enjoying gradualty and are trying to approach the valuation of such properties by optimal standards. Engineers and software specialists are coping with complex phenomena which need an approach of this kind, as complexity of higher degree attains to indeterminacy. On the other side logicians and mathematicians are approaching to the foundation of fuzziness using different tools of philosophic and linguistic relevance. The inconclusive results of these efforts seem to have the origin in the fact that the referentials of the statements on fuzziness are neither ontological, nor logical, but axiological, i.e. not arbitrary, but more or less contextual or conventional [9], [10], [11], [12].
5. Conclusions
Indeterminacy and related concepts are equally pervading existence and becoming on ontological, logical, and axiological levels. In spite of strenuous endeavours to attain to truth, certainty, and precision both in theoretical and pragmatical matters, the mental activity is openly or subreptitiously challenged by indeterminacy, that seems to threaten the pattern of order inherent to the world.
The semantical analysis of logical negation discloses the roots of the ominous power of indeterminacy. Aiming to elucidate such matters an aoristic logic was to be outlined purposing to make possible the harmless coexistence of order and indeterminacy in the framework of the fundamental binarity of true and false.
The message of the philosophy at the end of this millenium is to strengthen the hope that ghosts of any kind can lessen, if not lose for good and all, their impact on the more and more clear-minded mankind.
H. Krings, Das Sein und die Ordnung, Eine Skizze zur Ontologie des Mittealters. Deutsche Vierteljahresschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte, 1940, 3, H., 233-249.
G.W. Leibniz, The Theodicy (in French, 1710), Answer to II Obj. Abridgement.
L.P. Crutchfield & al. Chaos, Scientific American, 8, 1983.
Jean Largeault, Systemes de la nature, Paris, 1985.
Ilya Prigogine, Isabelle Stengers, Entre le temps et l'éternité, Paris, 1988.
Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Ordres et désordres. Enquette sur un nouveau paradigme, Paris, 1982.
Karl Popper, L'univers irrésolu. Plaidoyer pour l'indéterminisme (Transl. of The Postscript to the Logic of discovery II The open universe, London, 1982.
L.A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Inform. and Control, 8, 1965, 338-353.
Alexandru Giuculescu, The logical status of indeterminacy, European ASL Meeting, Berlin, July, 1989 (abstract Jour. Symb.L.)
Alexandru Giuculescu, Fuzziness in advising human decisions: From ancient sibyline prophecies to contemporary expert systems, Revue roum, sc. sociales, Série Psychol. no. 1, 1990, 9-22.
Alexandru Giuculescu, Outlines of a logical theory of action, Proceedings 4th Asian Logic Conference, Tokyo, Sept. 1990., 39-42.
Alexandru Giuculescu, A logical foundation of fuzziness for the application to human actions, Proceedings International Fuzzy Engineering Symposium'91, nov. 1991, Yokohama, 1991, 141-152.


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text:
- Cape businessman known for starting NARS dies at 49 (2/23/17)9
- Man shot by police ID'd; witness shares his side of story (2/17/17)31
- MSHP: McLendon shot in side; autopsy refutes witness account (2/19/17)23
- Apparent punch at girls basketball game propels lawmaker into action (2/21/17)4
- Business notebook: Owners ready to roll out the Barrel 131 (2/20/17)6
- Missouri bill would limit transgender school bathroom access (2/22/17)48
- Annual father-daughter dance provides some fun bonding time (2/19/17)1
- SoutheastHEALTH, Washington University School of Medicine announce collaboration (2/24/17)18
- City issues precautionary boil order near Arena Park (2/23/17)
- $22M bond issue would alter Jackson schools (2/22/17)12
Speak Out 10/30/06
Good students
I HAVE read several letters and comments about how unruly and disrespectful students are today. As a first-year teacher I understand how these teachers feel. I have had some bad experiences during my student teaching and field experiences. However, I was blessed with a contract at Eagle Ridge Christian School in Cape Girardeau. The students here are well-behaved and respect authority. I want to let everyone know that the next generation is not all bad.
Accepting science
BOTH THE St. Louis Post Dispatch and the Kansas City Star have endorsed Amendment 2 for stem-cell research. Dr. Michael Wulfers and other local diehards appear to want Missouri to replace Kansas as the laughing stock of the nation and the butt of late-night jokes for refusing to accept modern science and abandon medieval concepts.
Losing our rights
THE FEDERAL government can now abduct citizens, put them in military custody and hold them forever without charging them with a crime or allowing them a lawyer or judicial review of any kind. The government can search a citizen's home or office secretly without a warrant or probable cause. It can monitor a citizen's phone calls, Internet usage patterns and library and bookstore records. It can seize citizens' papers and effects without a warrant or probable cause. It can monitor religious and political institutions without suspecting criminal activity and listen to prisoner-lawyer conversations with no judicial review. It can suspend habeas corpus indefinitely. The Bill of Rights is dead.
Be sure to vote
THANKS TO Dr. Scot Pringle and Dr. Michael Wulfers, we now have a better knowledge of the issues facing us. I truly appreciate their informed op-ed articles and letters. Remember, a failure to vote is not equal to a no vote. Please exercise your right to vote.
Teacher burnout
KUDOS BRIAN White. I am an eighth-year special-education teacher. Last year in April, I thought I was done teaching. I looked for other jobs, but with a special-education degree there aren't a whole lot jobs for which I'm qualified. I ended up coming back this year. I'm doing my best to keep my classroom positive, but I can't help but think, "Would my students be better off if I had given this job to someone who wasn't so burned out?"
Selective history
THERE IS irony in Gary Rust's complaining about other news sources selecting stories they wish to publicize. The Southeast Missourian has a long history of not reporting what it wishes readers not to know, of turning local news stories into opinion columns, and of suppressing letters it wishes not to print.
Thanks from veteran
I HAD the privilege and honor to participate in the Southeast Missouri State University homecoming parade and to hold the large American flag at the football game. It was a humbling and once-in-a-lifetime experience. As a veteran and a SEMO graduate, I want to say thank you, Southeast. And all who participated in the whole event.
Only the rich can run
WHAT IS newsworthy about the report that a Missouri candidate for the U.S. Senate is worth between $13 million and $30 million? This is par for the course for politicians who hold office at the national level. Only fat cats can afford to run. The average bear? Forget it.
Vouchers won't work
SCHOOL VOUCHERS are a horrible idea. They work under the premise that schools will shape up if parents are allowed to take their kids wherever they want if they are not happy with their home district. So in other words, the state or federal government will take even more money away from highly underfunded school districts and expect them to get better? Am I missing something? Most students who are doing poorly in public school don't have a snowball's chance in our private schools. Most private schools have highly accelerated curriculums with no help for students who struggle with learning. The answer is not vouchers. The answer is the federal government stepping up to take responsibility for a poor public-school model. The answer is to end NCLB, which is nonsensical and unreal. The answer is for everyone to get on board and make our school system what it should be.
Parade drinking
SATURDAY AT the homecoming parade, a woman asked directions to Houck Stadium. She said her family was visiting Southeast Missouri State University to see if they would like for their son to come to the university. Unfortunately, she also asked if those students who were drunk and passing out at 10 o'clock in the morning were typical students. I assured her they were not because both of our children graduated from SEMO and weren't involved in that kind of lifestyle. Why does this happen every year? Can't we do something about the drinking problem that goes on during the parade?
It isn't needed
NOW THE promoters of Amendment 2 are exploiting our veterans and making us believe that we need Amendment 2 to find cures for their deadly diseases. There are cures in stem-cell research. There is no doubt about that. But it they involved adult stem cell, umbilical blood and fat cells. This is being accomplished without Amendment 2, which would forever mar the Missouri Constitution. I beg you to vote no. Young parents who are promoting Amendment 2, please find it in your hearts to donate the umbilical blood of any future babies at their birth so this can be accomplished. Think how much more meaningful this would be to help find cures. We don't need Amendment 2 to get this accomplished.
Ethical ramifications
TO THE recent misguided comment that religion inhibited scientific progress" Please carefully consider Nazi Germany in the late 1930s and early 1940s. In the name of science, horrific torture tests, amputations and unimaginably barbaric research experimentations on innocent people were carried out. Science, like any other man-made system, needs -- indeed, requires -- ethical and moral boundaries for its implementation. Those who most often chant the mantra that religion impedes science are those who desire to escape accountability and the ethical ramifications of their actions.
On the money
KUDOS TO Matt Sanders for writing a positive review of the Brad Paisley, Carrie Underwood and Jake Owen concert last week. He was right on the money. Finally.
Maturity is coming
TJ GREANEY is still just an adult in training and shouldn't be condemned for his liberal, naive view of the world. Someday he'll mature and see the world as it really is. I hope he will not have done too much harm by then.
Best education
SO EDUCATORS want No Child Left Behind revised. Why not ask workers if they want less responsibility and accountability for the same money? When employers raise the bar, employees always complain. I want my grandchildren to get the best education possible, and I don't think they should have to go to a parochial school to get it. If the teachers or administrators can't cut it, get rid of them and hire someone who can.
Can't force students
NO CHILD Left Behind might have good intentions, but like most of President Bush's goals it is unachievable and costly. No one test should classify a school as a failure, and it is just ridiculous to expect every student in every school to meet those goals. If a student doesn't want to pass, no amount of federal legislation is going to force him to.
Sign enforcement
IN THE recent article, "Cape Girardeau tightens rules on water detention," a contractor, Brandon Williams, said he did not want this to be a complaint-driven ordinance. He wants to see the city hold all builders accountable. Don't count on that happening. Just take a look at how the city has handled the enforcement of the sign ordinance. Two citations were issued to a small-business owner on Kingshighway while the big corporate businesses like Wal-Mart, K's Merchandise and West Park Mall continue to display their banners. When citizens complain about this, we are told that the enforcement process started on Kingshighway and the city hasn't gotten to that area yet or, in the case of West Park Mall, the mall is waiting for permits for permanent signs and is allowed to use the banners temporarily. The business owner who received the citations on Kingshighway has applied for and has been waiting for a permit for a permanent sign as well. He gets a citation while West Park Mall gets a free pass.
Good contractor
IT IS a good move on the part of Cape Girardeau to try to protect homeowners with the new storm-water and sediment runoff regulations. One contractor didn't see the regulations as a burden but as something he has a moral obligations to do. Unfortunately, another contractor is already making excuses for why this will fail. The point is to be a good contractor and not to impose a hardship on somebody else.
Military honors
AS A military veteran, I want to thank Southeast Missouri State University and the National Guard for putting on a great show honoring all military veterans at the homecoming game. I also want to thank all of those who came up to me and said thanks for my service. While it was not necessary, it was appreciated.
Good spotting
WE KNOW exactly where one cow with mad cow disease is located among the millions and millions of cows in America, but we haven't a clue where thousands of illegal immigrants and terrorists are located. Maybe we should amend the Patriot Act and put the Department of Agriculture in charge of immigration.
Clean subdivision
I LIVE in a subdivision that has duplexes in it. The people who live in them are some of the best neighbors I've ever had. Most of them have been long-term residents. We all keep our yards mowed and clean. We speak to each other. We watch out for the children around us. Overall the entire subdivision is clean and quiet.
Yield signs
THE INTERCHANGE at U.S. 61 at I-55 is still dangerous. I go south onto I-55 every morning from Cape Girardeau. Every morning I nearly get broadsided by traffic coming from the west turning onto I-55 south. The yield signs are ignored.
Highway passing
TO THE people who travel on Highway 72: Directly after the construction zone ends, the speed limit goes to 55 mph all the way to Fredericktown. Please travel at the speed limit. If you cannot handle the speed limit, prepare to be passed. If you get passed, please do not speed up. I can't tell you how annoying it is to pass someone who is traveling slow and then find them tailgating.
Holiday havoc
THERE IS a cartoon circulating on the Internet showing a banner across a building that says "Merry Thanksgivoween Sept. 1 to Jan. 1." That's about what has happened, isn't it?


text: With sharp, geometric lines and a striking, petrified wooden table top, the Cambrian Side Table is an exemplary piece of modern design and craftsmanship. The narrow, linear legs contrast with the solid table top to create an effect that has high-end, high-impact appeal, and it's perfectly suited to living room areas or as a statement bedside table. Each piece is completely unique and examples can be seen in our showroom. MR-CAMB-STB-001-001


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Building Natural Language Generation Systems
By (author) Ehud Reiter Robert Dale
Series edited by Steven Bird
Format: Hardback
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Building Natural Language Generation Systems by Ehud Reiter
Book DescriptionThis book explains how to build Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems - computer software systems which use techniques from artificial intelligence and computational linguistics to automatically generate understandable texts in English or other human languages, either in isolation or as part of multimedia documents, Web pages, and speech output systems. Typically starting from some non-linguistic representation of information as input, NLG systems use knowledge about language and the application domain to automatically produce documents, reports, explanations, help messages, and other kinds of texts. The book covers the algorithms and representations needed to perform the core tasks of document planning, microplanning, and surface realization, using a case study to show how these components fit together. It also discusses engineering issues such as system architecture, requirements analysis, and the integration of text generation into multimedia and speech output systems.
Buy Building Natural Language Generation Systems book by Ehud Reiter from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780521620369
(228mm x 152mm x 19mm)
Pages: 272
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Publish Date: 28-Jan-2000
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Other Editions...
Books By Author Ehud Reiter
Building Natural Language Generation Systems, Paperback (March 2006)» View all books by Ehud Reiter
Explains how to build computer software systems which generate understandable texts in human languages.
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Dear Global Givers,
I hope you are enjoying a sunny and adventurous summer. It is an exciting season for Health In Harmony and our program partner ASRI with an anniversary, a generous matching donation challenge, an upcoming marathon, a rewarding site visit, and ASRI Kids' second summer. For us, this summer has been a time to celebrate ASRI's anniversary and the success we have achieved through partnership with you. ASRI opened its clinic doors six years ago and began providing quality, affordable health care to the communities around Gunung Palung National Forest. Today, more than one third of the individuals living in those communities have come to ASRI to benefit from that care. The results from our five-year survey completed earlier this year gave us even more reason to celebrate. We see the health of the people and the ecosystems improving hand-in-hand.
The only limit to this success is physical space. Serving so many patients in addition to providing trainings in organic farming and other alternate livelihoods is stretching Clinik ASRI beyond its capacity. We recently received a building permit for a new Community Health, Surgical and Training Center and are working on a fundraising push. One very generous donor, Jan O'Brien, gave $10,000 to the center - a gift we are currently tripling for ASRI's birthday! A gift that size would build the dental suite or three outpatient rooms or the radiology lab. Wow! You can read more about the progress on the new clinic on our website and blog.
HIH and ASRI staff is helping with the July fundraising goal by participating in the Portland Marathon, in our headquarter city in October. ASRI Cofounder Hotlin Ompusunggu, fresh off a marathon in Indonesia, will run with Volunteer Coordinator Kari Malen and her husband Loren Bell, and donations to the team will go to the new clinic. You can follow us on Facebook and Twitter for updates on the team's training and ways to donate.
Since we last wrote, Kelsey has also posted albums on Facebook with photos from Michelle's April trip to Sukadana with a group from Dining for Women. The women participated in a deeply meaningful Goats for Widows gifting ceremony that was the highlight of a powerful and emotional journey making connections across geography and language.
Finally, summer is also the season for ASRI Kids. This was the second summer for the program, and the children, families and our leaders continue to be very excited by the opportunity for local kids to learn about making paper, recycling, rainforest ecosystems and, the yearly highlight, taking a field trip into the national park. Even though these children live right on the park's border, most have never visited, and they saw orangutans and other spectacular wildlife for the first time on this trip. This year's class also had the serendipitous opportunity to meet Dr. Birute Galdikas, premier primatologist and the founder of Tanjung Putting National Park. One of the ASRI Kids cofounders, Ana Sofia, wrote a wrap-up of the summer with some great photos – you can read it on our blog here.
None of the success in health, reforestation or environmental education we have seen in the past six years could have happened without your support. When people like you see the connections between human and environmental health, lives and forests are saved. Please continue following our blog, our Facebook and our Twitter for the latest news about our July matching donations, the Portland Marathon training and more happenings in Portland and Sukadana.
Thank you!
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text:
Friday – February 24, 2017
IT- Service Center Technician
All campuses
Start your information technology career through this certificate program that can be completed in one semester (15 weeks). An accelerated summer session (eight weeks) offers two courses required for the program.
When you complete this program, you will gain important skills and prepare for several key industry certification exams.
Career Pathway: After earning this certificate, the credits can be applied to completing the IT Computer Support Technician and IT Help Desk Support Specialist technical diplomas and IT Computer Support Specialist associate degree. Learn more about the program at matcitsupport.org
Start Dates: August/January/June
Special Admission Requirements: High school-level algebra.
All credits in this certificate must be earned at MATC with a 2.0 GPA or higher.
Detailed Program Information
Fall 2016 - Spring 2017 Course Requirements (link)
View/Print Program Card (pdf)
Additional Resources:
IT Computer Support Specialist Degree
IT Computer Support Technician Diploma
IT Help Desk Support Specialist Diploma
IT User Support Technician Diploma
IT Microsoft Enterprise Desktop Support Certificate
IT Level 2 - Service Center Technician Certificate
IT Computer Support Pathway:
Learn how you can use MATC's IT Computer Support Pathway to start with a one-semester certificate to progress to higher educational credentials or get hired for an IT Computer Support job in the Milwaukee area.
Student Testimonials:
Learn what students are saying about MATC's IT Computer Support Specialist program at matcitsupport.org/it-support-student-testimonials/
Available Certifications and Licensures for School of Business Programs (pdf)
Credit for Prior Learning and Experience
Learn about scholarship opportunities here: http://www.matc.edu/foundation/scholarships.cfm
Learn about Scholarships available for this program here: https://matc.academicworks.com
(use Search function to search for your program(s)
For more information, email email@example.com
<< Admissions Mainpage >>
Call the Admissions Information Office at 414-297-MATC if you have questions about MATC programs.


text:
"Stormy Rich, an 18-year-old Florida student, says she was punished after reporting bullying of a special needs student on a school bus, and standing up to those bullies when the school didn't take action.
Rich, an Umatilla High School student, was riding on a middle school bus because she had earned enough credits to avoid a first-period class, getting to school later by taking the bus for the neighboring middle school, the Daily Commercial reports.
But one girl on the bus — a special needs student — was regularly being picked on by her peers, but couldn't comprehend what was being done to her.
"Just because she doesn't understand doesn't mean that should be happening to her," Rich told WOFL-TV.
She adds that the peer bullies would tell the girl that she couldn't sit in certain seats on the bus and would force food in her mouth.
"I actually had to tell her to spit it out because she didn't understand," Rich said.
The teen, fed up with their behavior, complained to the bus driver — but nothing changed. She then complained to a high school official, who told her he would contact the middle school, but like before, the bullying continued.
So Rich decided to take the matter into her own hands by telling the bullies to stop aggravating the girl. The harassment stopped for a little while, but then the bullying students began threatening her, despite her regular complaints to school officials.
In response, the district revoked Rich's bus-riding privileges, saying Rich exhibited bully behavior.
"[The district official] said what I did made me the bully, with me telling the kids that if they didn't stop, and if the school didn't do anything, that I would have to handle it," Rich told the Daily Commercial. "To me, it was just going too far."
District officials are standing behind its response, telling WOFL-TV that two wrongs don't make a right. Rich says she's being punished for adhering to school policy, which calls on students to report any bullying they witness.
Lake County Schools communications officer Christopher Patton told the Daily Commercial that he cannot discuss the bullying complaints or student discipline, adding that this is just "one side of the story. …There are other parents that are involved in this."
Rich's story echoes a number of controversial school decisions made with respect to bullying. In March, Georgia student Essance McDougald said she was suspended for not reporting to Lithonia High School officials that she was being bullied.
In January, Jack Persyn — also a Georgia student — was suspended after he self-reported that he had accidentally brought a knife to school. Persyn found the knife in the pocket of his backpack, which had been purchased by his aunt at a yard sale, and neither the student nor his aunt checked the contents of the bag before taking it to school."
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!
- President Trump accused Barack Obama of organizing recent protests against him and leaking information from the White House to the press.
- Education Secretary Betsy DeVos compared historically black colleges and universities to charter schools, spurring criticism of "whitewashing history."
- A second wave of bomb threats sent to Jewish community centers brought the number of locations threatened on Monday to 30.
- Accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers fessed up to the Oscars oops that caused "La La Land" to be named best picture instead of "Moonlight."


text:
JCR Dagger (Rear)
So, since I realized when I posted this thread on another forum someone pointed out to me they had the exact same issues, and I felt dumb for not having seen their thread. Then I realized, its because there are no threads on the forums I usually look at about this bumper. So here it is, my review of the JCR Rear Dagger Bumper!
So before I get into my long winded posted about why I'm unhappy with this bumper, lets start with the good stuff. It's sexy. No getting around that! Too bad I suck at painting since apperently after one rain storm its got tons of surface rust, but hey, at least I saved money going with JCR! :mad-new: I ordered this through Jason at Krawl Offroad, and it comes in a bit over 400 shipped with the hitch and d ring mounts. It ships bare, so its up to you to get it painted. I went with the rustoleum self etching primer for the base, and then rustoleum hammered metallic finish for the top. Looks great IMO. (I will apologize now, my phone is being weird, and i can only take pictures with the front facing camera, so quality is crappy.)
Now, the bumper gives me the look I was going for. I wanted sleek, and buggyish. I think I nailed the look. Now, lets get onto the shitty stuff.
This bumper style is offered by JCR and PSC. Both require cutting the frame, and removing the cross member. The only difference is the hitch. I wanted a hitch to carry bikes when I go up to NH or head to Cape Cod. I mean, it doesn't matter why I want it, I use it, so I need it. First things first, the hitch contacts the body.
The bumper itself cant move any further from the body, as the slots for the holes are at the max distance. On top of that, I'm sure you eagle eyed folks notice how close the cross pin hole is to the end. Yeah, thats right. You can't actually use the cross pin. This makes the hitch completely useless. Even if I got in there with an angle grinder to make a bit of a gap between the hitch and the body, it wouldnt matter, because I can't use it.
So that blows.
Beyond that, the hardware I was sent was the wrong size. Kinda annoyed about that, because it means a run to the hardware store. Speaking of having to buy extra stuff, I wish JCR had sent washers, because I crushed the mounting brackets with the big bolt just tightening it with a ratchet
The bolt head is barely larger than the slot that is cut for it, so without a washer, it is pretty useless.
The other issue I had, which I wish I had pictures of, are the internal brackets themselves. JCR says they use a jig to form their parts, so that its unlikely for errors. However, of the 6 welded nuts on my 2 brackets, only 2 of them were centered in the holes drilled for them. This means that even installing the bracket, without the bumper, on the drivers side (the drivers side uses all factory holes) the bolts are all cocked when threaded in. With the bumper on it makes it even harder to line up the holes and bolts. And speaking of being unable to line up anything, check out the video I shot. It shows all the issues, including the fact that there are still 2 holes I can't get bolts into! (Again, phone being weird, seems to be no sound so sorry about that)
[video=youtube;GnEL9nDFRKM]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnEL9nDFRKM&list=UUVCNxUNgrVZmUYtu0Ulyz8g& index=1[/video]
Now, I don't want to sound overly whiny, but this really sucks. You can't test fit the bumper without cutting off the frame. And at this point, I'm pretty much stuck with it, as I'm not about to take a loss just to buy the PSC. I mentioned these issues to JCR (the hitch, the hardware not fitting, the poor QC on the brackets), and my only request had been for new internal brackets. JCR messaged me back saying to grind off a bit of the hitch, and that their brackets are perfect.
So I don't recommend buying this bumper. In general, I wouldn't buy anything from JCR after the way they didn't seem to care about the fact that the only reason I bought their bumper is pretty much the only thing that doesn't work with it. I head read on another forum about a 4door owner who bought the rock rails, and nothing fit because they had never test fitted the rails to a 4 door. I feel the same way about the hitch, it blows my mind that they never bothered sticking something in the hitch receiver to see if it was even usable. Not very happy, and even less happy that they don't seem to care.
Yikes! :eek: Sorry to hear about your troubles, but thanks for sharing! I thought about the JCRs myself, but ended up with Expedition One (front & rear, w/tire carrier.) A somewhat pricier set-up (bought mine with powder coating), but everything fit just perfectly. Their written instructions were seriously lacking in detail, but thanks to other user videos and detailed write-ups, I got 'er done.
I'm sure the folks at JCR will chime in once they see your review; hope you get some kind of resolution.
Damn. :(
Too bad it had all these issues. You're right, it's a sexy looking bumper. Did you test fit everything up before painting it? JCR has been good lately about remedying problems for customers if they call the guys at JCR.
i will say, i reached out to JCR regarding everything, and they eventually got back to me and said they havnt seen any brackets made poorly or had any issues about the hitch. didnt even mention the hardware issue. suggested I try trimming back the hitch a bit so it doesnt contact the body (but that doesnt help, at all, other than to avoid body damage).
maybe i should have called in instead of PMing them, but really, theres no good fix for this. my plan, since i only use the hitch for carrying bikes, is just to chop down the hitch i put in there. its just a crappy solution
Im sorry to hear this,
I'm a fan of JCR, and i have some parts on order right now. Ill do a write up when they come.
Im sure if you call them they will offer you some solution.
That bumper is SUPER sexy.
Is it possible you cut too much of the frame?
I had actually asked them before if there was a static measurement point I could use to make sure I didnt cut off too much or too little. I was told "no". however, there are static mounting points. basically, on both sides the JCR bumper has slots for bolts to use in the factory bumper bolt location. the slots are maxed out for me in the rear most position, so the bumper can only move in towards the engine, it cant move any further away
Sorry to hear your having issues. We'll talk it over at the shop tomorrow and get it figured out. Shoot an e-mail to email@example.com if you could so we have your name.
for the sake of transparancy, here is the email i sent
Subscribing. I've also had my eye on this bumper. Looks great and not too expensive.
I also need the hitch. I have a tent trailer, so the hitch MUST be fully functional.
Fitting a receiver into our receiver is a simple one; many hitches are different and because of the slim tight fitting nature of this bumper you will need to trim your hitch and possibly re-drill to slide it in and use the pin behind the bumper.
It was hard for me to tell from your video what additional issues you were having, was there supposed to be audio? from your video it looks like you still have about 1/8-3/6" of adjustment out away from the tub is there something else keeping it from being moved away? do you have the other 3 bolts tight or are they loose? I saw the problems about the internal brackets If you want I can have another set sent out to you and Ill personally verify that they are not welded off center.
Checked with our shipping manager and verified the bolt pack to be 4 bolts and 4 washers along with the hardware included already installed on the internal brackets. If you didnt get those I can have those sent out also if you want new internal brackets.
Mike M.
Is this bumper meant to be run only if you don't have a spare? There's no indentation and all the pics have no spare.
Tire carrier is aftermarket. Currently Smittybilt, but may be the Teraflex hinge by then.
I totally forgot to update this! JCR sent me some new internal brackets and a fresh set of hardware. I pulled the bumper off and tossed the original brackets. I also chopped about 1/3" off the receiver, painted and re-installed. it looks like trimming the hitch helped a ton, as it still is almost contacting the body, despite all the material cut off. the new brackets made installing much easier, and now it's all hooked up. the new hardware was the correct size, and the washers for the big bolts make a big difference. big thanks to mike over at JCR for working with me to clear up the issues I had initially. I took the jeep wheeling this weekend, and the bumper performed great. so I'm much happier now. and the jeep looks sexy as ever
Do you keep the spare in the back or just go without one?
i keep it in the back, I folded down the seat behind the driver and it fits vertically in there; i just secure it with some ratchet straps
so, just so no one thinks my rig is just a mall crawler, a few shots from this weekends run. a found a nice rock to try out the new bumper profile on. not the best shots, but you can see how vertical this rock pushes the jeep. i wasnt able to make it up (stupid lack of rear locker) but I got the back tires to the bottom without hitting the bumper. when I went back down it, same thing, was able to go down that without hitting the bumper. so very cool
I've done that run before with the same setup and my old bumper, and I know if I tried to reverse from the climb or drive down over it, i would bash the bumper over everything. so real improvement in clearance
Thank you for this thread. I have one of these bumpers sitting in my garage waiting to be installed and this is all helpful information.
Any fresh pics would be appreciated. I am still on the fence on this one....
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The Dimond Branch Library will temporarily close for remodeling from Friday, December 23 to May 2017. For more information see the announcement.
Kids' Clothing Swap
Bring items your child has grown out of or is not playing with to donate and take clothes and/or equipment they can use. In addition to kids' clothing, donations can include maternity wear, breastfeeding equipment, toys, children's books, changing table, etc. Anything leftover will be donated to the non-profit organization, Bananas, in Oakland.


text:
2-Course Italian Dining for 2 or 4 £17 instead of up to £41.70 for a 2-course Italian meal for 2, £32 for 4 people at La Pazienza, Northampton - save up to 59%
2 PEOPLE: A 2-course Italian meal inc. coffee at La Pazienza, Northampton (was up to £41.70) OR redeem towards another Wowcher deal.You save 59% (£24.70)
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Save up to 59%
Time left to purchase
- Enjoy fine Italian dining for 2 or 4.
- Starters inc. mussels, bruschetta, minestrone soup and more.
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- Finish with a coffee each.
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- Rated 4* on Trip Advisor.
The Fine Print
- One per 2 or 4 people.
- Strictly one voucher per table.
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- Voucher valid until 28th Jan 2014.
- Excludes 18th-31st Dec 2013.
- Valid Mon-Fri 6-10pm, Sat 12am-6pm and Sun 12am-10pm.
- 24-hour cancellation policy applies.
- £5 surcharge for all Secondi mains.
- Subject to availability.
Full Details
Boycott turkey talk (we're talking Christmas turkey talk) with a delicious Italian feast...
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Live Escape Game for up to 6 @ Escape London, Shepherds Bush£49 instead of £114 for a live escape game for up to six people from Escape London, Shepherd's Bush - save 57%
Save 57%
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QUARTERBACK QUANDARY: DREW BREES vs ELI MANNING
Saints Insider Top Stories
7 elected to Pro Football Hall of FameThe NFL announced a seven-member class will be going into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
Scout NFL Network02/04/2017
5 Under-The-Radar Free Agents For DenverThe Broncos will have a sizable war chest in free agency, but Adam Uribes targets five unheralded veterans who could upgrade Denver's roster on the cheap.
Mile High HuddleYesterday at 10:30 AM
Broncos Sign Defensive End Bobby RichardsonRichardson is an undrafted rookie out of Indiana who started 11 games for the Saints in 2015.
Mile High HuddleFriday at 11:07 AM
Finding Broncos: 5 Sleepers In The 1st RoundMHH Senior Draft Analyst Erick Trickel is back to take a look at five players who might be flying under the radar that Denver should consider in the first round. This comes after…
Mile High HuddleThursday at 8:20 AM


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Defensive woes again cost Lakers
For a second time in four days, the Golden State Warriors exploited the Lakers' permeable defense and came away with a 115-89 exhibition victory at Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai, China.
The Warriors not only drove inside for several easy layups, they also shot 56 percent from the 3-point line, making 15 of 26 shots. Klay Thompson went 5 of 6 from long range and finished with 25 points. Dreymond Green added 14 points, making 4 of 5 3-pointers.
The Lakers, who didn't look as cohesive offensively as they had in previous exhibition games, had only one player in double figures. Pau Gasol led with 16 points and seven rebounds.
"It's always good to beat (the Lakers)," said Thompson, a former Santa Margarita High star. "I've seen them rule the state of California for far too long so we want Golden State to be the team out West, and it starts even tonight in the preseason."
Shanghai native Yao Ming, who watched the game courtside, got a huge cheer from the crowd before the game, but the loudest ovation went to the injured Kobe Bryant when he joined the Lakers bench in the fourth quarter.
Bryant is sitting out the start of the season as he recovers from a torn Achilles' tendon.
"We've still got a lot of work to do," Gasol said. "We've still got to make sure we work really hard these next 11 days before opening night so the team is really ready to go. We've got to be ready to go from the beginning."
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Political Signs Must Go!
ED Magedson – Founder
Ripoff Report
E J Thompson Contractor1290 S TENNYSON ST Denver, Colorado United States of America
Does your business have a bad reputation?
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#1 Consumer Comment
Help against EJ Thompson
SUBMITTED: Monday, July 15, 2013POSTED: Monday, July 15, 2013
I am currently suing EJ Thompson. I can help you. Email me at COFramecrew @ gmail dot com
Are you an owner, employee or ex-employee with either negative or positive information about the company or individual, or can you provide "insider information" on this company?
#2 General Comment
100% Crook
SUBMITTED: Monday, June 03, 2013POSTED: Monday, June 03, 2013
Yup, we've had the same issues with this crook. The shoddy work we hired him to do ended up costing us close to $16,000 to fix. Of course, after the fact I googled him and notices the fraud cases in California.
We are gathering our evidence to take him to court, although I really don't expect to win much because he is flat broke. We've has several people contact us and try to serve him papers re: various lawsuits.
It boggles my mind, this guy creates 10x the work for himself by screwing so many people over. He could just do things right and probably be somewhat successful, but his moral compass is skewed. What a pathetic guy.
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SST eddy-viscosity assumption parameters
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|March 23, 2011, 05:08
SST eddy-viscosity assumption parameters
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: Portsmouth, England
Posts: 503Rep Power: 15
In the CFX-Solver Theory Guide (eq 2.60) it gives the eddy-viscosity assumption for the SST model:
nu_t = (a_1 * k) / max(a_1 * omega, S * F_2)
sorry, don't know how to properly write equations here.
What is the valve of the constant a_1?
The guide says S is an invariant measure of the strain rate. What is it actually? E.g. is it the magnitude of the strain rate?
I cannot find these answers in either the CFX guide or here on CFD-wiki.
Last edited by siw; March 23, 2011 at 06:13. Reason: Typo
|April 1, 2011, 12:01
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Genova
Posts: 45Rep Power: 9
Hi siw,
I'm actually on the same problem, but from an OpenFOAM perspective.
I'm trying to modify k-omega SST model and in the Turbulence Modeling Resource page at Langley, I found out that this implementation is a modification from 2003 model. The first Menter SST model used vorticity magnitude rather than strain invariant.
Here's what I realized.
OpenFOAM computes this term in turbulent viscosity definition as:
S = mag( symm( grad(U) ) )
which means that is the square root of the double inner product of the mean strain rate tensor S_ij .
[For double inner product I mean: S_ij S_ij . This quantity is related to the second invariant of S_ij, which is: II_S = 1/2 (S_ij S_ij - (S_kk)^2), and to the square of the first invariant, i.e. the square of the trace. So that is the reason why it is called "invariant measure of the strain rate".]
Anyway from the Langley page you can read: S = (2 S_ij S_ij)^0.5.
I don't know the reason for this apparent modification.
Moreover on the FLUENT manual you can read that "S is the strain rate magnitude".
I am a bit confused. On Menter's papers I diddn't find any formula about it.
If you obtain anything, please let me know.
|April 3, 2011, 05:56
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2009
Location: Portsmouth, England
Posts: 503Rep Power: 15
I did find the answers to my questions, in case they help others, in reference [1] and not in any paper by Menter:
a_1 = 0.31
S is the magnitude of the vorticity vector
[1] Bardina, J. E., Huang, P. G. and Coakley, T. J. (1997), Turbulence Modeling Validation, Testing, and Development, NASA Technical Memorandum 110446.
|April 6, 2011, 13:22
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Genova
Posts: 45Rep Power: 9
I don't think so...
In turbulence literature S usually indicates magnitude of strain rate tensor, while magnitude of vorticity tensor is Omega [1].
In the first Menter's SST model [2] turbulent viscosity was calculated using the same expression of your first post, with S replaced with Omega. (So your reference is concerned with this model). As Wilcox points out in [3] this choice resulted in unsatisfactory k-omega behavior in some boundary layers.
The 2003 Menter's SST model [4] changed the turbulent viscosity definition simply by substituting Omega with S (and keeping the same value for a1=0.31). This model offers better perfomances and it is generally preferred over the first. Also Fluent implements this newer version.
For CFX notation (essentially the same) have a look at this pdf!
For general references about different versions of turbulence models have a look at Langley Resource page.
[1]. Langtry, Menter, Transition Modeling for General CFD Applications and Aeronautics, AIAA 2005-522.
[2]. Menter, Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications, AIAA Journal, 32, 1994.
[3]. Wilcox, Formulation of the k-w Turbulence Model Revisited, AIAA Journal, 46, 2008.
[4]. Menter, Kuntz, Langtry, Ten Years of Industrial Experience with the SST Turbulence Model, in "Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 4", eds. Hanjalic, Nagano, Tummers, Begell House Inc., 2003.
(...all are freely available on the web!)
|May 3, 2011, 08:45
Senior Member
Anne Gerdes
Join Date: Aug 2010
Location: Hamburg
Posts: 168Rep Power: 8
I am currently investigating the same issue as you.
Have you read the threads concerning this issue that claim that the modification is a bug?
Here are the most important links:
In the OpenFOAM1.7.x Version this "bug" is fixed, i.e. there is an additional factor of \sqrt(2) added. I "fixed" the bug in my version but it seemed that my results got worse after "fixing the bug".
Now I am investigating if this is really a bug....therefore I read the paper from Menter about his modified SST version from the year 2003.
( Menter, Kuntz, Langtry, Ten Years of Industrial Experience with the SST Turbulence Model, in "Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 4", eds. Hanjalic, Nagano, Tummers, Begell House Inc., 2003.)
He mentioned the " invariant measure of the strain rate" without giving any formula. So thank you for answering this question.
I will keep you up to date if I get more informations. Hope this helped a bit.
|May 3, 2011, 10:49
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Genova
Posts: 45Rep Power: 9
Hi Anne,
lately I went on this subject further and now I can give you an answer.
First of all, have a look at the Turbulence Modeling Resource page by Langley team. It is a very useful resource for this kind of problems, where you can find standard and modified versions for many turbulence models, with associated references. There are some test cases if you want to check the results of your implementation. You can find many answers there! (S = sqrt(2 * S_ij * S_ij) for sure!)
About this and other questions related to turbulence production terms approximations in SST k-omega, please note that the paper "Ten Years of Industrial Experience with the SST Turbulence Model" has a correction about the P_omega term:
alpha * rho * S ^2 ---> alpha / nut * min( P_k , 10* betaStar * rho *k * omega )
The main differences between the NASA official SST model and the simplified model of the paper are the production terms, without the div U term for the incompressible assumption underlying (and never specified) and without the 2/3*k*delta_ij term for the "low speed" assumption (not so nice for my taste, but useful for solving turbulence equation in a staggered fashion).
About the bug in the OpenFOAM implementation, please note that there are two bugs to fix in the kOmegaSST.C file:
1. line nut_ = a1_*k_/max(a1_*(omega_ + omegaSmall_), F2()*mag(symm(fvc::grad(U_)));
should be replaced by
nut_ = a1_*k_/max(a1_*(omega_ + omegaSmall_), F2()*sqrt(scalar(2))*mag(symm(fvc::grad(U_)));
2. line nut_ = a1_*k_/max(a1_*omega_, F2()*sqrt(S2));
should be changed to
nut_ = a1_*k_/max(a1_*omega_, F2()*sqrt(scalar(2)*S2));
...and nothing else for that mismatch on S ! In this way the implementationis is the same as in FLUENT.
If you want, you can edit the P_omega as should be in the correction above. Please note that this correction is relevant for stagnation regions, where you can overestimate turbulence production if you use a quadratic dependecy on the strain rate invariant. (This was the starting point for the Kato-Launder modification, now rarely used).
I changed the lines, recompiled the files and the model showed better performances in term of nut profile (lower over the recirculation zone) and convergence on the pitzDaily case.
So I am pretty sure that the correction must be done on the kOmegaSST file!
Another question is about the divDevReff computation.
Instead of -fvm::laplacian(nuEff(), U) - fvc::div(nuEff()*dev(fvc::grad(U)().T()))
one shoul write -fvm::laplacian(nuEff(), U) - fvc::div(nuEff()*dev2(fvc::grad(U)().T()))
because divDevReff = T_ij - 2/3*tr(T_ij)*delta_ij and dev operator subtracts only 1/3 of the trace!
I know that anyway it is essentially zero, because we're on the incompressible case, but... it is not correct from a mathematical view of the code!
So thank you for your indications and if you need any paper I'll sent you by email!
Hope that suffices!
Last edited by AleDR; May 3, 2011 at 11:07.
|May 5, 2011, 03:16
Senior Member
Anne Gerdes
Join Date: Aug 2010
Location: Hamburg
Posts: 168Rep Power: 8
thank you very much for your answer.
I had already changed the lines that you mentioned, but my results seem to get worse with this change.
But it might be that something else is wrong in my case.
I have one question left: Which OpenFOAM version do you use?
|May 5, 2011, 04:22
Join Date: May 2009
Location: Genova
Posts: 45Rep Power: 9
I'm using 1.7.1 version, but I'm currently installing the 1.7.x on another machine.
Anyway if you want to check your SST implementation you can try the 2D Zero Pressure Gradient Flat Plate Verification Case at Turbulence Modeling Resource page or other test cases! (Would be a nice way to find out if the P_omega modification as any impact...)
|May 5, 2011, 04:24
Senior Member
Anne Gerdes
Join Date: Aug 2010
Location: Hamburg
Posts: 168Rep Power: 8
Thank you, Alessandro. I will check this out soon.
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I´ve created a logo and business card for my girlfriend.
She works as a translator, speaks 4 languages and is simply amazing :)
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text:
I walk among them,
Weaving my way through the rejoicing carolers,
The cuddling couples,
Decked out in their holiday splendor,
Cuddling and kissing,
Their cheeks aglow with a merry red hue.
I walk among them,
Among the scampering children,
Their laughter piercing the night air,
As they run this way and that,
Revelling in their youth, their innocence,
Wondering what will be under the tree this year.
I walk among them,
In the tattered remnants of my clothing,
A soiled hoodie effectively keeping the better part
Of my face in shadow.
The more notable features, anyway.
I walk among them,
Past the flickering christmas lights,
That flicker, flicker, dwindle...
And die out.
Lookie there,
A fight has erupted between two garrulous patrons,
Heavy and heated.
Too much yule-tide cheer, I think.
I don't look back,
But apparently somebody has had the dreadful misfortune,
Of being caught in the path of a run-away carriage.
I don't look back,
But I can hear the Clydesdale's hooves,
Clomp across the bloodied pavement,
Trying to free itself of the mangled gore beneath its feet.
A squad car passes me to reinstitute order,
Futile, I know.
But at least the sirens are glowing red.
Pretty, isn't it?
I walk past them,
To the only spot on earth,
Where true peace reigns.
The grave is a double,
I share it with the holiday spirit.
Merry Christmas.
© Copyright 2017 writersbug. All rights reserved.
Status: Finished
Genre: Poetry
Great poetry Writ as always!!! kmu
Charlie!!! This is a magical poetry! lol
I can tell how much you like Christmas. ^-^ I love the chilling (no pun intended, lol) lines about the police siren's light, and then the last couple lines about the grave. So this person is dead, then? Awesome poem. I had to double-check it to see if it was horror or not, lol. ~Regards, Evilyn
Very interesting take on the holiday season writer :P
Is it the annoying people or the obnoxious lights? :P
Either way I think this is pretty awesome. It's a new take that most people I know wouldn't have the guts to take. Consider me interested in what you have to write from here on out. :D
Great poetry writersbug. c:
So is the dead person trying to find peace and quite? Becuase you said he walked to the grave that's a double. Exactly what do you mean by double? xD
Other then these questions I understand the rest. Once again great poetry. c:
Thank you for your comments, I really appreciate it. I don't think he's trying to find peace, I think he just wants to get out and walk around, see if he can cause some destruction. And the grave's a double because he shares it with the holiday spirit (I thought it was clever, you know, spirit/ghost?). Again, thank you for commenting.
Masterpiece! You could make even Christmas something beautiful and interesting!
I love it fun and futile way of looking at xmas. I love and hate this time of year all at once. It just plain sucks at times but can be so very joyous great work dude I love it.
Like the satirical take on the holidays. It also had a nice, clean flow to it.
After reading this poem I'm getting an image of the Devil doing his rounds during one of the holiest Christian holidays. Now that guy is having fun... 5 stars, man.
Really good what a perspective! love this poem the best :)
I love the holidays, but I still like his poem. Clever and creepy, and fun.
a well written poem a totally different aspect and look at christmas from the other side bahh humbug indeed :)
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text:
This proposal is Project 1 within a P01 renewal, entitled "Intracellular pathogens and innate immunity." Listeria monocytogenes is a highly amenable model intracellular pathogen that induces robust and long-lived cell mediated immunity. The goal of the previous proposal was to identify L. monocytogenes determinants that activate a host cytosolic surveillance pathway (CSP) of innate immunity that leads to the expression of IFNB and co-regulated genes. We hypothesize that this pathway contributes significantly to the potent and long-lived cell-mediated immunity induced by L. monocytogenes. Using a genetic screen and subsequent biochemistry, we identified c-di-AMP as the listerial ligand that is secreted through a multidrug efflux pump and activates the CSP. Thus, c-di-AMP is a newly discovered PAMP. C-di-AMP is also a novel and conserved small bacterial signaling molecule that appears essential for bacterial growth. We have identified the di-adenylate cyclase (DacA) and c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (Pde).
In Aim 1, we propose to further characterize the molecular determinants that lead to expression of c-di-AMP and generate a panel of well-characterized strains that express either enhanced or diminished levels of c-di-AMP. We will also address the following questions: What are the bacterial components that regulate c-di-AMP production? Does c-di- AMP act from the inside and/or the outside of bacteria? What is the physiologic role of c-di-AMP? In Aim 2, we will use the strains constructed above to determine the role of c-di-AMP during infection of macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro. We will also evaluate the effects of purified c-di-AMP on dendritic cell activation. In collaboration with the Vance Lab (Project 3), we will use ENU mutagenesis to identify novel host factors that control the CSP. In preliminary data, we identified Sting (Stimulator of interferon genes) as a critical host component necessary for response to L. monocytogenes, M. tuberculosis, and c-di-AMP. In the final Aim, we will test the hypothesis that c-di-AMP production is essential for the full expression of L. monocytogenes pathogenesis, and importantly, contributes to the induction of cell-mediated immunity. We will examine the role of c-di-AMP as an adjuvant.
We recently discovered that the intracellular bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, secretes a novel small di-cyclic molecule that is essential for bacterial growth and stimulates a robust host response leading to the production of interferon. These studies may impact the development of vaccines and therapeutics that protect against infectious disease agents.
|Kranzusch, Philip J; Lee, Amy S Y; Wilson, Stephen C et al. (2014) Structure-guided reprogramming of human cGAS dinucleotide linkage specificity. Cell 158:1011-21
|Burke, Thomas P; Loukitcheva, Anastasia; Zemansky, Jason et al. (2014) Listeria monocytogenes is resistant to lysozyme through the regulation, not the acquisition, of cell wall-modifying enzymes. J Bacteriol 196:3756-67
|Bécavin, Christophe; Bouchier, Christiane; Lechat, Pierre et al. (2014) Comparison of widely used Listeria monocytogenes strains EGD, 10403S, and EGD-e highlights genomic variations underlying differences in pathogenicity. MBio 5:e00969-14
|Tenthorey, Jeannette L; Kofoed, Eric M; Daugherty, Matthew D et al. (2014) Molecular basis for specific recognition of bacterial ligands by NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes. Mol Cell 54:17-29
|Lee, Bettina L; Barton, Gregory M (2014) Trafficking of endosomal Toll-like receptors. Trends Cell Biol 24:360-9
|Sivick, Kelsey E; Arpaia, Nicholas; Reiner, Gabrielle L et al. (2014) Toll-like receptor-deficient mice reveal how innate immune signaling influences Salmonella virulence strategies. Cell Host Microbe 15:203-13
|Archer, Kristina A; Durack, Juliana; Portnoy, Daniel A (2014) STING-dependent type I IFN production inhibits cell-mediated immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS Pathog 10:e1003861
|Arpaia, Nicholas; Barton, Gregory M (2013) The impact of Toll-like receptors on bacterial virulence strategies. Curr Opin Microbiol 16:17-22
|Isaac, Dervla T; Coady, Alison; Van Prooyen, Nancy et al. (2013) The 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase HCL1 is required for macrophage colonization by human fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. Infect Immun 81:411-20
|Aachoui, Youssef; Leaf, Irina A; Hagar, Jon A et al. (2013) Caspase-11 protects against bacteria that escape the vacuole. Science 339:975-8
Showing the most recent 10 out of 71 publications


text:
Created attachment 582471 [details] [diff] [review]
Skimming Clang mailing list traffic tonight, I discovered that vendors are seemingly intent on muddying the waters by disconnecting Clang version numbers from feature sets -- good times. So relying on version checks for features is a bit dodgy. Conveniently Clang provides feature detection macros which will do the same work, arguably more clearly. Whee, kinda-make-work.
The warning about version checking is here, for the major/minor macros:
The patch uses the __has_extension macro because we want to use the relevant language features even if we're not compiling plain old C++98 -- no reason to hold back use of these features for a full transition over. __has_extension is documented here:
The arguments passed to __has_extension are documented here:
I checked some .i files with this patch, and things translate as expected in a Clang compile.


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