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Project Mania: A Blog About Crafts and Hobbies
4 Ways to Upcycle Your Old and Unwanted Clothes
Putting off a wardrobe clean-up is understandable. You are likely to find all kinds of items that no longer fit you anymore, that have gone out of style, and that you might not even remember buying. The silver lining of this ordeal is that even clothes you hate can be transformed into stylish items that you truly treasure – you just need a little bit of upcycling know how. Here are a few ideas. Rock-chick fringe vest. Everyone has an old baggy t-shirt in their wardrobe. Not cool and not stylish. Before you resort to using it as a kitchen rag, think about chopping it up to become an edgy fringe vest that's perfect for summer days with mates and rocking out at festivals. Simply cut off the sleeves, and cut vertical lines up the t-shirt to create an epic fringed effect. All you need is a pair of scissors – no sewing expertise needed! Sequin pocket top. If you aren't sure whether you should throw or keep a plain top, you should be aware that all you need are some sequins and some fabric glue to transform the top from dullsville to a party must-have. Fabric glue and sequins are inexpensive and can both be bought from art supplies stores. All you need to do is spread glue over the pocket and then lay your sequins over the top. Suddenly, you have a statement detail on your top that's perfect for parties. And even if your top doesn't have a pocket, you can just outline one with the glue! Jumper mittens. When winter jumpers start to lose their thread and look a little unkempt, there is no reason to throw them away as they can be transformed into an adorable pair of mittens with no knitting experience needed. Simply cut mitten shapes out of the sweater fabric and then sew the edges together. These could also make great hand-made Christmas gifts for loved ones. Add decorative touches like buttons or sequins from an art supplies shop to personalise them. Stamp…anything. Something else you can buy from any art supplies shop is a stamp making kit. With this and some fabric paint, you can liven up any neglected item of clothing. And the great thing about a stamp making kit as that you can really get creative and truly personalise something, and yet you still don't need to have any expert textiles or sewing knowledge to create an incredible end product. If you get the taste for upcycling clothes, you could even make a business out of it and use the stamp to stamp on your logo or...read more
What to Remember When Ordering Wholesale Toys for Resale
If you're looking for a good way to make a living, you might start selling toys and other children's items online or in your own retail store, or both. Parents always need new items for their children and this includes new toys, which are also usually chosen as gifts for children on their birthday and holidays. This can mean virtually unlimited customers as there is almost always a market for new toys and other such items. Ordering wholesale toys and other children's items for resale is not like buying items in a store for your own use. You'll need to carefully consider your supplier and the items you choose in order to have successful sales. Note a few things you might want to remember when ordering wholesale toys and other such items for resale. 1. Start with a check of safety regulations The safety regulations in the country where toys are manufactured may be different than the safety regulations in your own country or the countries where you ship, so this is the first thing you need to check. The safety regulations may affect the materials of any item you purchase, as certain materials may be more flammable than others. Some areas may have regulations about toys being marked for certain age groups, so that parents know not to give toys to younger children if they can get hurt by them. Know the regulations of your area and then start with a check of these when buying any items for resale. 2. Check licensing You never want to resell "bootleg" toys or products that may actually be infringing on a company's trademark. If you resell brand name toys, you need to ensure that your wholesaler has the licensing rights to those toys. If they sell brand names without licensing rights, they can easily be sued for trademark infringement and you might share in the liability. 3. Note if a wholesaler can drop ship Drop shipping refers to shipping out to customers from a warehouse location. If you want to sell children's items online you may want to work with a drop shipper. This can make it easier to process orders for you since there is no delay in getting them to you and then shipping them out, and you don't need to warehouse your items either. It's good to understand how a drop shipper works and to find one if you want to sell your children's items online. For more information on soft toys distribution, contact a company...read more


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Luke Lu (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Commented: (MAPREDUCE-1938) Ability for having user's classes take precedence over the system classes for tasks' classpath
|Thu, 19 Aug 2010 18:22:21 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MAPREDUCE-1938?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=12900388#action_12900388 ] Luke Lu commented on MAPREDUCE-1938: ------------------------------------ A couple of questions regarding the patch (filename should probably end with .patch): # Are the new property a system/cluster property or a per job property? i.e, allowing user to to override the behavior (default to system jars first) per job. Owen's comments seem to imply it's a per job switch, which should be defined/documented in MRJobConfig (MAPREDUCE-1749) # Why there are two boolean properties defined in the trunk patch "mapreduce.user.classpath.first" (defined in TaskRunner) and "mapreduce.task.classpath.user.precedence" (defined in JobContext)? The latter seems to have no effect and not tested. # Why use Vector (in the test code) when there doesn't seem to be need for the list to be synchronized? # Why do the test code use hard code paths and string literals when there are corresponding constants defined? > Ability for having user's classes take precedence over the system classes for tasks' classpath > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: MAPREDUCE-1938 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MAPREDUCE-1938 > Project: Hadoop Map/Reduce > Issue Type: New Feature > Components: job submission, task, tasktracker > Reporter: Devaraj Das > Fix For: 0.22.0 > > Attachments: mapred-1938-1, mr-1938-bp20.1.patch, mr-1938-bp20.patch > > > It would be nice to have the ability in MapReduce to allow users to specify for their jobs alternate implementations of classes that are already defined in the MapReduce libraries. For example, an alternate implementation for CombineFileInputFormat. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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Spooking Deer
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Hunting Man
Join Date: Nov 2007
Location: Oregon, Ohio
Posts: 8,368
Patience young Jedi hunter. Why all the frustrations so early on? Everything you are encountering will pay huge dividens down the road. So far so good, you've had several in shooting range, very good! Some will say a mature doe can be the toughest deer in the woods to harvest. You have to learn/train to calm down when deer are approaching you. Allowing them to remain calm and doing their thing and not aware that you are there is the issue. Are hunting from an elevated stand then add some camo around you to conceal yourself some, that will give you additional confidence that the deer are not seeing you. Make sure you use all available scent elimination products you can and watch the wind direction and where you set your stand so that your scent is not constantly carrying downwind to the deer. You should know the general direction the deer travel morning/night so use that info for your stand placement and wind issue. I think you are pretty well on your way to a bow harvest, be patient good things will come.
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Tracy Morgan's Severe Injury After Being Hit By A Wal-Mart Semi Brings Trucking Regulations Back Into The National Spotlight.
NTSB statistics show more than 104,000 injuries and nearly 4000 deaths in 2012 from accidents involving large commercial trucks, but it takes the severe injury of a well known comedian to get the subject of commercial trucking safety back in lawmaker discussions.
Attorneys who represent those injured or killed from crashes with tractor trailers have been pushing for safer policies for years, seeking to correct unreasonably low insurance coverage requirements to pushing local governments to enforce laws and regulations already on the books.
In the case of the crash Tracy Morgan was in, the driver of the tractor-trailer that smashed into the van he was riding in had allegedly not slept for 24 hours. Because accidents of this type rarely make national or even local headlines, the public is not aware of how often federal trucking regulations are shrugged off by both truck drivers and trucking companies.
To make matters more urgent, there have been several pushes by law makers to increase the allowable weight limit of commercial trucks from 80,000 pounds to 100,000 pounds. Even if every trucking company was in full compliance with the law, such a weight increase would be a spectacularly bad decision. The potential for destruction that 50 tonnes of mass moving at 75 miles per hour can do is hard to imagine, never mind that many roads and bridges around the country are in need of over due maintenance.
While new regulations have mandated so called black-boxes for heavy trucks, companies have not been made to install the devices and further, many companies resist turning the devices over after a crash or attempt to destroy the data recorded by the device.
Senator Charles Schumer citing the fatal accident that injured Tracy Morgan and killed fellow comedian James McNair, has renewed the push to enact tougher regulations that enforce the operation of black boxes in interstate trucking. Matt Cartwright a Pennsylvania congressmen recently consulted with experienced trucking accident attorney Bernard F. Wash on restoring realistic insurance coverage requirements – coverage limits originally set 30 years ago, have become inadequate for today for a variety of reasons including inflation.
All of this activity by attorneys and lawmakers to make the roads and highways a safer place is welcome news.
However, until new, effective regulations are put in place to overcome the shortcomings of current rules, we should expect to see many more tragic trucking accidents - the vast majority of which will never make the headlines.
Attorney Bernard F. Walsh, Bradenton Florida
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Sugar Nourishing Lip Balm Advanced Therapy
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- Description
- Ingredients
- How To
Product Details: Sugar Nourishing Lip Balm Advanced Therapy smoothes and softens for younger-looking lips. The moisturizing formula is infused with a refreshing sugar mint flavor and wild mango butter to help protect and soften dry lips.
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jLayer Parallax Slider WordPress plugin adds a powerful parallax slider easily mangable using inbuilt editor.
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Central Flat Next to the Beach (V1408)
Anzahl von Gästen3
Größe50 m²
Stockwerk4(mit Fahrstuhl)
- Balkon/Terrasse
- Handtücher
- Küche
- Internet/WLAN
- Fahrstuhl im Gebäude
- Familien- / Kinderfreundlich
- Rauchen gestattet
Über diese Unterkunft
|Jesús Domínguez Grillo, 38650 Los Cristianos, Spanien
|< 50%
|In wenigen Stunden
|Kalender aktualisiert
1 minute walking distance to the sea.
Located in the municipality of Arona between the cone of the mountain Chayofita and the greater mountain Guaza. The town centre is around the Los Cristianos bay, but is rapidly expanding inland with modern development. The town is a popular tourist resort and includes a ferry port.
Unlike its bustling neighbour, Playa de las Américas, this town has a history that predates the tourist boom of the 1970s and 1980s. For many years this holiday hub was a quiet fishing village and evidence of its humble origins can still be seen in the typical Canarian architecture of the older buildings.
|Preis pro Woche für bis zu 3 Gäste
|354 €
|Preis pro Monat für bis zu 3 Gäste
|1253 €
|Preis für zusätzliche Gäste > 3
|11 € Extra pro Gast/Nacht
|Check-in ab
|Nach Vereinbarung
|Check-in vor
|Nach Vereinbarung
|Check-out vor
|Nach Vereinbarung
Bewertungen für diese Unterkunft
What a fab week! The apartment was in an excellent location - a short walk over the road to get to one of the beaches at Playa de las Americas (not our preferred), or a 2 minute stroll down to the beach front at Los Cristianos (much nicer). There is a supermarket on the ground floor of the apartment block, which is extremely useful.
The apartment itself was spotlessly clean and a very good size for the two of us You can see the sea from the balcony and it's a nice sunny spot.
We loved it and will definitely be returning next January!
Bewertungen für andere Unterkünfte dieses Gastgebers
Die unterkunft war sehr gut.
We found the apartment to be excellently situated near the centre of Los Cristianos, it was clean and comfortable and the only initial problem was the lack of a kettle and toaster, which was quickly addressed by the helpful staff in the office the next day, I was given a new kettle and a toaster appeared in the apartment during the first day. The apartment has a small microwave, and a two ring hob which we didn't use ( just tea and toast), but some might like to cook The apartment is not big but was adequate for our needs it has two bedrooms a total of four single beds, the TV was Spanish channels only but we were not bothered with TV coverage, there is a nice supermarket on the ground floor, that sells a good range of stuff, which is very convenient.
It has 2 minute access to taxi rank, and is near plenty of bars and restaurants.
All in all we would recommend this apartment
Spacious property with plenty of storage space. Fully equipped kitchen. TV only gets Italian and Spanish channels apart from bbc world and cnn. Has twin beds rather than double. Very clean, tidy and we'll presented apartment.
Balcony has very good view of beach and see despite overlooking some roof terraces. Balcony gets the sun from around midday until sunset.
Wifi is OK, works better the nearer to the door . I couldn't see the password and had to call owner to ask.
Very well located in centre of Los Cristianos. There is no pool in complex.
Ottima posizione ..appartamento pulito luminoso ...bagno buono...una pecca nelle vettovaglie ...un ferro da stiro e phon mancanti nn guasterebbero... ottimo internet..ottima accoglienza e assistenza
El apartamento tiene muy buena comunicación y todo se encuentra en perfecto estado, además de ser relativamente nuevo. He estado siete días de vacaciones y lo recomendaría.
Appartamento semplice ma ben organizzato. Comoda la posizione vicino alla spiaggia e al centro, presente un supermarket a piano terra.
Il soggiorno a Los Cristianos è stato bellissimo, il posto centrale e pratico per gli spostamenti a piedi, con i bus e per la spiaggia. L'appartamento molto bello praticamente nuovo.Esperienza di un mese da ripetere quanto prima.
Muy buena vacaciones en Los Cristianos.
El apartamento esta bien con una grande terraza y vista la playa y el puerto de Los Cristianos.
Recomiendo este apartamento
Todo muy bien, para repetir
- Die Qualität der Unterkunft ist geprüft
- Jeder Gastgeber wird telefonisch verifiziert
- Sichere Bezahlung mit SSL-Verschlüsselung


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It is a potent inhibitor of ribonuclease and topoisomerase II by preventing the binding of the nucleic acid to the enzyme. It stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation processes including the Jak2/STAT5 pathway in NB2 lymphoma cells, ErbB4 in neuroblastoma cells, and MAP kinases, Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase C in PC12 cells. Aurintricarboxylic acid inhibits apoptosis in many cell types.
R G González,; R S Haxo,; T Schleich. Mechanism of action of polymeric aurintricarboxylic acid, a potent inhibitor of protein--nucleic acid interactions. Biochemistry (Washington). 1980, 19 (18),4299-4303.
Y Benchokroun,; J Couprie,; A K Larsen. Aurintricarboxylic acid, a putative inhibitor of apoptosis, is a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II in vitro and in Chinese hamster fibrosarcoma cells. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1995, 49(3), 305-313.
Gefahrenhinweise (EU): H315-H319
Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation.
Sicherheitshinweise: P280-P264-P305+P351+P338-P362-P321-P332+P313-P337+P313-P302+P352
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Specific treatment (see label). If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. If eye irritation persists: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.


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The Swissmar Cap Store Fila 40 is designed to hold and store up to forty Nespresso single-serve coffee capsules. Thanks to two easy adhesive strips, the unit is easy to hang- no drilling or holes in...More
Find, Compare, Read Reviews & Buy the Swissmar Mountable Storage Unit, Nespresso Coffee Capsules Online @ Yahoo Shopping Want to see your products in Yahoo Shopping? Advertise with us. Sitemap All Brands
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625 4th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55415
Located in Downtown West, Minneapolis. There are 2 spaces available for rent in this building.
- (0.14 mi)Government Plaza
- (0.3 mi)U.S. Bank Stadium
- (0.32 mi)Nicollet Mall
- (0.5 mi)Warehouse District/Hennepin Avenue
Interested in this space?
Excellent. Here's what you can do.
with one of our brokers to get more information and schedule a visit.
the space and envision it as your next office.
a lease you can feel good about.
Get the space your business deserves.
Learn about our services
See how we partner with you to provide technology and expertise to get your team into a space made for your future


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Wego.com recently found 10 hotels in Le Passage, France. Book last minute hotel or find great hotel deals such as Brit Hotel Agen - L'Aquitaine for US$89 per night. Save more on cheap hotels with rates from as low as US$38 per night.
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Head to brick-and-mortar stores if you're not shipping gifts. Online stores may still offer delivery, but you're cutting it close for Christmas Eve arrival or may have to pay a premium in shipping charges.
Take advantage of longer store hours. Malls will be busiest midday and in the afternoon, so plan to shop as soon as the stores open or later in the evening. Some stores – such as Macy's and Toys R Us – will be open nonstop from Friday morning to Sunday evening.
Look for promotions. Stores want to make up for the lull in sales over the past two weeks, so they're offering deals such as deep discounts, buy one, get one free and free gift with purchase.
Watch your bags, wallets and cellphones. Thieves are on the lookout for easy targets, so keep tabs on your belongings and shopping bags.
Cool stuff
Buy your long-suffering spouse a massage or a facial for a discount. Purchase a Spa & Wellness eGift Card before Jan. 1 and get $100 worth of services for $79.99. Go to spaweek.com to check out participating locations.
For your favorite runner, buy a set of Yurbuds ($30-$60), guaranteed to stay in the noggin without slipping out from sweat. A cool model is the Inspire Talk, which has a mic that allows you to interrupt your Justin Bieber playlist to take a call.
For new workout gear, try Under Armour's Charged Cotton fitness shirts ($25-$30). They have the wicking and cooling properties of synthetic fabric, while retaining the comfort of cotton.
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Motion Computing Debuts F5m, C5m Rugged Tablets
Motion offers a broad range of screen sizes, Intel processors, and other configurable options that enable a customer to customize the product.Hardware and business technology company Motion Computing has unveiled two tablet PCs, the F5m and C5m rugged Windows-based tablets, designed for utility, oil and gas, mining, manufacturing, public safety and health care workforces. Within their chassis designs, Motion has included upgrades to connectivity, processing power, security and image capture technology. Both products have a starting price of $1,999, including a three-year warranty. The addition of 5th Gen Intel Core processors (Broadwell-U 2+3), including the highest performing i7 vPro chipset, is paired with the ability to hot-swap the battery in the field. "For Motion, it's not just about the tablet. We design and manufacture purpose-built mobility solutions for which the tablet is just one component," Peter Poulin, Motion's CEO, told eWEEK. "By designing and building the peripherals ourselves, versus relying on third parties, our customers benefit from lower integration, deployment and problem resolution risks."
Motion offers a broad range of screen sizes, Intel processors and other configurable options that enable a customer to customize the product to their specific needs, Poulin said.
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A simple GNOME 3 application to access remote or virtual systems. It is based on a design from Jon McCann and Jakub Steiner.
- View, access, and use:
- remote machines
- remote virtual machines
- local virtual machines
- When technology permits, set up access for applications on local virtual machines
- View, access, and use virtual machines on removable media
- View, access, and use shared connection / machines
- Share connections?
- Upload / publish virtual machines
- Select favorites
- Search for connections
Getting in Touch
IRC channel: #boxes on irc.gnome.org
- Developers:
- Alexander Larsson
- Christophe Fergeau
Development Resources
- Git: git clone git://git.gnome.org/gnome-boxes
See the CodingStyle page for style conventions used in Boxes development.
Easiest way to build from source is using jhbuild, see Jhbuild
While virt-manager does a very good job as a virtual machine management software, its very much tailored for system administration and virtual machines. Boxes on the other hand is targeted towards typical desktop end-user who either just want a very safe and easy way to try out new operating systems or new (potentially unstable) versions of her/his favorite operating system(s), or need to connect to a remote machine (home-office connection being a typical use-case). For this reason, Boxes will not provide many of the advanced options to tweak virtual machines provided by virt-manager. Instead Boxes will focus on getting things working out of the box with very little input from user.
That said, Boxes will be sharing a lot of code-base with virt-manager project, mainly in the form of libvirt, libosinfo (not yet used by virt-manager) and qemu.
- Build-time:
- libvirt-glib
- qemu
- libosinfo
- gudev
- vala (not if building from release tarballs)
- gtk+
- clutter-gtk
- Run-time:
- shared-mime-info
User counter
If you use Boxes, we would appreciate it if you could bump-up our user counter by simply clicking on "I USE THIS" button at our openhub page.


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Harsh J <ha...@cloudera.com>
|Re: Number of reducers
|Tue, 28 Aug 2012 03:29:54 GMT
Hi, On Tue, Aug 28, 2012 at 8:32 AM, Abhishek <email@example.com> wrote: > Hi all, > > I just want to know that, based on what factor map reduce framework decides number of reducers to launch for a job The framework does not auto-determine the number of reducers for a job. That is purely user-or-client-program-supplied presently. > By default only one reducer will be launched for a given job is this right? If we explicitly does not mention number to launch via command line or driver class. Yes, by default the number of reduce tasks is configured to be one. > If i choose to decide number of reducers to mention explicitly, what should I consider.Because choosing in appropriate number of reducer hampers the performance. See http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/HowManyMapsAndReduces -- Harsh J
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Berkshire Valley Inn
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- Swimming pool
- Wireless internet connection in room (free)
- Wireless internet connection in public areas
- Non-smoking hotel
- High-speed internet in room
- Free parking
- Kitchenette
- Pets allowed
- Suites
- Continental Breakfast
TripAdvisor Reviews Jericho Valley Inn Williamstown
Travel Blogs from Williamstown
Exploring the Berkshires in Massachusetts
... we weren't supposed to know that EVERYTHING was closed on a Sunday here! So with that we got back in the car and set off for the other towns we had in mind to see over the next few days.
Within an hour we had seen the towns of Lenox, Stockbridge, Great Barrington and Lee - ok, so maybe we didn't anticipate how small and sleepy these towns actually were!
Back at base we realised ...
A peaceful night in the river
Just before leaving Mechanicville we got an email from Lock One Marina that they had still not received our filters.... at least we now knew we would be at our anchorage at a good hour! We left just after 8 am to tackle the last two locks in the Champlain Canal and the Federal Lock at Troy. We did still stop at Lock One Marina for diesel, and he filled us up so quickly we were even still able to make it through Lock 1 with the other sailboat Callipyge we had been traveling ...
Alford, Massachusetts
... music festival. This festival attracts a wide range of contemporary musicians and singers to the area.
The Berkshires are located at the very Western end of Massachusetts. This area was amazingly green, hilly and heavily wooded.You could see that "Fall" was on its way, with the occasional glimpse of colour change in a few trees. It was clear that the area would be beautiful in full Autumn colour.
The Berkshires ...
Van Gogh and Nature
We are meandering our way from Hudson, NY to Bartlett, NH. Our big pow wow late last night was to decide our route for today. Decision time. Straight toward Bartlett or take some back roads through the Berkshires and take in the special Van Gogh exhibition at The Clark in Williamstown, Ma.? We've been cued in to this exhibit by our friends Judy and Robert - and we go decide to go for The Clark – it's ...
Mechanicville stop
... running plant in the US, but this once industrial city is now a quiet residential one. We arrived at the end of a holiday weekend and there was no activity at all. We did get stopped by a nice man who asked us if we needed help finding anything ( he guessed correctly we were off a boat!) and he ended up driving us to the Price Chopper for food. Our walk today had us pass a gas company off the beaten path ...


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Questions for THJ:
1. Why do some great big potted hosta, when I plant them in the ground, gradually die out.
2. How and when is the best time to divide - does the cultivar make a difference?
3. Why is it only ventricosa comes true from seed?
4. Why are the biggest hosta the slowest to grow, followed by the mini's at their finicky growth rate?
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Ruth Vanita
Global Humanities and Religions at the University of Montana
Global Humanities and Religions (formerly Liberal Studies) is an interdisciplinary and internationally oriented Program. Our General Humanities major allows you the flexibility to design your own major by selecting courses from a number of different departments and programs. There are only three required courses: Introduction to the Humanities (a 100-level sequence) and an upper-division capstone seminar.
You have the option to specialize in Global Humanities or Religious Studies.
For more information please see our Degree Options page.
Students also have the opportunity to earn a minor in:
You now have the rare opportunity to learn Hindi at UM.
In the Global Humanities and Religions Program, you have a traditional liberal (that is, liberating) education that promotes freedom from ignorance and prejudice. We offer a range of exciting courses, from Gandhi's life and times to Mysticism in different religious traditions, from Bombay cinema to violence and religion, from Hinduism to same-sex unions in literature and history.
Featured Content
Suzanne Goldenberg Lecture
South & South-East Asian Studies, the School of Journalism, and Global Humanities and Religions present a lecture by Suzanne Goldenberg
Award-winning journalist with the Guardian and author of Madam President (2008)
Climate Change in the World's Two Largest Democracies: New Developments in India...
Prof Vanita in England
Prof. Vanita spent her sabbatical year (2015-16) at Cambridge University, completing her book Dancing with the Nation: Courtesans in Bombay Cinema, forthcoming from Bloomsbury Press. She has won a Franklin research grant and will spend part of summer 2017at the British Museum Library in London,...
Prof Bradley Clough: Summer in Sri Lanka
Professor Bradley Clough spent much of last summer doing research in Sri Lanka on manuscripts of a 14th century Buddhist collection of edifying tales called the "River of Delight" (Rasavāhiniī). Dr. Clough is currently working on a book which will include translation of this text along with a...


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Walking down Ring Road on Monday (the main road that encompasses the cities of Kathmandu and Patan) it felt as though there had been a mass evacuation and I was the only one who didn't receive the memo. On a road that is usually so congested with traffic that I allow myself five minutes extra travel time in order to cross it, there was not a single vehicle to be seen and ndhonly a scattering of people here and there. The fruit sellers that usually 'Namaste' me on my walk into town had vanished and the usual strip of corner shops selling everything from lentils to coca cola had pulled down...Continue Reading >>
Stories tagged with All
The concept of risk has been discussed by many, and often, over the past year, as citizens around the world voice their concerns about the global recession. Mortgage risk, loan risk, credit risk, bailout risk, risk assessment, risk of spending too much, risk of spending too little, and on and on. A lot of risky business (and not the underwear dance kind) has been going on and we are paying for it now in all too literal a way.
There is another kind of risk though; one that I think some of you may be familiar with. That's right, it's Risk, as in epic board game, world...Continue Reading >>
By Nancy Tuller, KF8 Ghana, Africa
"Akwaaba!" (Welcome!), I heard, over and over in my first few days here in Ghana, and what a wonderful welcome it has been! When I stepped outside the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, my heart lept at the feel of the warm and humid summer night clinging to my skin and the cacophony of voices in Twi, which is the most commonly spoken language here in Ghana. It sounded to me like a kind of chaotic harmony, blending perfectly with snatches of disparate Ghanaian music coming from various vehicles as I left the airport for my hotel. Every face...Continue Reading >>
What is your dream for your future? As a Kiva Fellow living in Puno, Peru, writing journals for Kiva and Manuela Ramos entrepreneurs, this is a question I have asked approximately 150 women. Over the last three and a half months, one of my main responsibilities as a fellow has been to meet the entrepreneurs of Manuela Ramos who have been funded through Kiva and to write journals about their lives, their businesses and the loans that help them succeed in these businesses. In order to gather the information needed to write these journals, I travel to bank meetings or to the entrepreneur's...Continue Reading >>
By Brett Dobbs, KF7 Kenya
While an estimated half of Kenyans with AIDS are receiving anti-retroviral treatment, only about a third of Kenyan children are. In a Feb. 5th 2009 report issued by Human Rights Watch, the authors listed two primary reasons for the gap in care. The first, familiar to those in micro finance, is the lack of access to major health centers. Like banks, the best hospitals are located in major urban centers and cater to the slim minority that can afford steep hospital bills.
Second, many caregivers do not take their children for testing because of "stigma...Continue Reading >>
by Rob Mittelman, KF8 Peru
In the immortal words of Austin Powers, "Allow myself to introduce…myself". My name is Rob Mittelman from Ottawa, Canada and I'm a member of KF8 headed to Lima, Peru to work with Edaprospo. When I'm not working as a Kiva Fellow, I'm a PhD in Management Candidate at Carleton University.
When I first traveled to South America and was called gringo, I was very defensive. I always thought it was a pejorative term for Americans. I'm a proud Canadian after all; I'm no gringo.
... Continue Reading >>
Three months ago, I came to Tarapoto, Peru armed with all sorts of tools to start my Kiva fellowship; cameras, powerpoint presentations about Kiva, books about microfinance, and a ton of information acquired during training at Kiva headquarters in San Francisco. While all these were useful, nothing could really prepare me for the most challenging part of my fellowship; finding the borrowers I had to interview to get journal updates for Kiva lenders. Just as my colleague Emily struggled to find Kiva borrowers in Puno, Peru, I had a similar set of challenges in the San Martin region,...Continue Reading >>
One evening last week, Brooklyns' Borough Hall opened its doors to over hundred information hungry entrepreneurs.
Nydia Velazquez, A spunky and bold congresswoman addressed the diverse crowd of entrepreneurs.
This is what she had to say…
Nydia Velasquez from Erica Dorn on Vimeo.
The recovery package has included…
The economic recovery package will enable up to $50 million to be disbursed in small, community-based loans like microloans that are capped at $35,000 each. In addition to this money, $24 million in technical assistance grants will...Continue Reading >>
My memories of the last eight months away from home are a jumbled mass of color, freedom, fear, patience, frustration, and energy – raw, shifting memories that have not yet arranged themselves into neat, packageable stories that I can pull from the shelf at parties when I get home.
I have tested my sense of self against new backgrounds, ripped away the familiar context of home to hold my idea of "Abby" up...Continue Reading >>
Arguably the best things about GHAPE is the execution of their social mission. They take a lot of pride in fostering a sense of community that not only educates their borrowers on topics such as loan management and hygiene, but also allows their members to feel apart of a group that shares in their triumphs and losses. GHAPE organizes centers so that borrowers feel comfortable speaking in their center, and at the same time, there is a professionalism during the meetings. Visiting now 12 of the 28 centers, the slight differences in each center shows that GHAPE gives centers the autonomy to...Continue Reading >>


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Whenever I try to play this game, I get a Generic Application Error. The client patches, gameguard patches, but then when the game is loading I get this error. This is before the login screen appears, and so I have never even seen the login screen yet! The first couple of times, the following 3 errors appeared. Seeing the message in the second screen, I decided to download and install the DirectX SDK. After downloading the SDK, I tryed launching the game again, the same thing happened, except the second popup wasn't there anymore. And now that happens every single time I try to launch the game.
Looking through the official game forums, I found that there were multiple threads on the site, each thread several pages long. All of these people had the same probelm, and I found out this problem has been occuring since CBT. As I did not see any solution on the game forums, I decided to come here. So now I'm hoping that one of you guys will be able to help me access the game.
The second error msg says to download directx SDK, try to find it and DL it.
Originally posted by BranX
The second error msg says to download directx SDK, try to find it and DL it.
Did you even read my entire post?!! I said I downloaded the SDK and the second message disappeared, but the others still came.


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Lot 287: Chinese Peking Glass Snuff Bottle
Asian Art and Antiques
by Norwood Gallery
26 October 2016
Norwood, MA, USALive Auction
Past Lot
Looking for the realised and estimated price?
Description: China, Peking glass snuff bottle, decorated with panels showing rabbits in a garden landscape, against criss cross designs and a dome shaped stopper. Height 3 1/8 in.
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The focus of this proposal is to dissect the role of Protein Homeostasis in enterovirus replication, evolution and pathogenesis. The paradigm for these studies is that enteroviruses are highly dependent on the cellular chaperone and quality control (QC) machinery for their protein production and function. Furthermore, given the very high mutation rates of these viruses, we hypothesize that the chaperones and QC network is key to modulating virus diversity, evolution and pathogenesis. We propose to examine how host protein homeostasis machinery participates in enterovirus replication and modulates viral diversity and how viruses use this machinery to alleviate the detrimental effect of mutations that accumulate during replication. We have recently demonstrated that high mutation rate of enteroviruses is essential for their adaptability and pathogenesis. Thus, restricting viral diversity through the modulation of protein homeostasis machinery could provide powerful ways to attenuate virus pathogenesis. This proposal combines computational, cell biological, molecular and systems approaches to define the host protein homeostasis network involved in enteroviral replication and determine the role of this network to viral evolution, diversity, and pathogenesis. These new approaches are essential given the failure of traditional strategies to achieve any therapeutic intervention against enteroviruses (such as polio, coxsackie, and enterovirus 71) and it has the potential to set the basis for the prevention of current and emerging enteroviral diseases . This proposal describes a multidisciplinary and highly integrated approach that is designed to obtain this critically important information. We propose 3 Specific Projects and 2 Cores: Project 1: Host-enterovirus circuitry revealed by global analysis of cellular networks;Project 2: Role of cellular factors in enterovirus protein homeostasis and function;and Project 3: Role of protein homeostasis in enterovirus population diversity, evolution and pathogenesis. Core A: Administrative Core;and Core B: "High-throughput functional genomics and proteomics core.
Enteroviruses have been associated with many clinically recognized, life-threatening syndromes. Virus evolution is at the core of virus drug resistant, immunological survey escape and pathogenesis. Understanding protein homeostasis will illuminate the rules that govern virus diversity, evolution and pathogenesis, and it may allow the development of safe and effective vaccines and anti-enterovirus drugs. PROJECT 1: Title: Unbiased Functional Characterization of Enterovirus-Host Interactions Project Leader: Krogan, Neven PROJECT 1 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In this study, we aim to functionally interrogate host-pathogen relationships using three different enteroviruses (Poliovirus, EV71 and Coxsackievirus). To this end, we will use a variety of methods to systematically generate viral-host protein-protein and genetic interaction maps. The data generated using these initial, unbiased approaches will fuel more targeted, hypothesis-driven research in the subsequent projects. Although we intend to follow up on the most interesting, unanticipated connections we uncover, we will be closely monitoring for links to host factors involved in quality control processes, including chaperone function, protein ubiquitination and protein degradation, which will link this work to the work described in Projects 2 and 3. In collaboration with Sumit Chanda (Burnham Institute) and John Young (Salk Institute), we will utilize RNAi methodology to globally assess the genetic dependencies, both positive and negative, of host factors to the pathogenesis of the three enteroviruses (Aim 1). Next, to characterize the enterovirus-human protein-protein interactions, we intend to collaborate with Al Burlingame (UCSF) to employ a systematic affinity tag/purification-mass spectrometry approach to identify the viral-host protein complexes (Aim 2). We also intend to globally ascertain the effects of protein post-translational modifications upon infection using mass spectrometry (Aim 3). Finally, In Aim 4, we will utilize a suite of bioinformatic and visualization tools to integrate the datasets in a meaningful fashion so that specific hypotheses regarding quality control processes can be generated and tested in collaboration with Judith Frydman (Project 2) and Raul Andino (Project 3). This integrated approach will leverage the expertise from multiple groups, including PIs of the Technology Core (Andrej Sali and Joe DeRisi), so that novel host pathways that are hijacked during Infection can be identified and characterized. This information will hopefully lead to breakthroughs with anti-viral drugs and vaccines.
|Davis, Zoe H; Verschueren, Erik; Jang, Gwendolyn M et al. (2015) Global mapping of herpesvirus-host protein complexes reveals a transcription strategy for late genes. Mol Cell 57:349-60
|Stern, Adi; Bianco, Simone; Yeh, Ming Te et al. (2014) Costs and benefits of mutational robustness in RNA viruses. Cell Rep 8:1026-36
|Acevedo, Ashley; Andino, Raul (2014) Library preparation for highly accurate population sequencing of RNA viruses. Nat Protoc 9:1760-9
|Morris, John H; Knudsen, Giselle M; Verschueren, Erik et al. (2014) Affinity purification-mass spectrometry and network analysis to understand protein-protein interactions. Nat Protoc 9:2539-54
|Acevedo, Ashley; Brodsky, Leonid; Andino, Raul (2014) Mutational and fitness landscapes of an RNA virus revealed through population sequencing. Nature 505:686-90
|Hagai, Tzachi; Azia, Ariel; Babu, M Madan et al. (2014) Use of host-like peptide motifs in viral proteins is a prevalent strategy in host-virus interactions. Cell Rep 7:1729-39
|Pechmann, Sebastian; Frydman, Judith (2014) Interplay between chaperones and protein disorder promotes the evolution of protein networks. PLoS Comput Biol 10:e1003674
|Fraser, James S; Gross, John D; Krogan, Nevan J (2013) From systems to structure: bridging networks and mechanism. Mol Cell 49:222-31
|Geller, Ron; Andino, Raul; Frydman, Judith (2013) Hsp90 inhibitors exhibit resistance-free antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus. PLoS One 8:e56762
|Roguev, Assen; Talbot, Dale; Negri, Gian Luca et al. (2013) Quantitative genetic-interaction mapping in mammalian cells. Nat Methods 10:432-7
Showing the most recent 10 out of 17 publications


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Steady Progress
Stay in shape at work: Jerry Carr, president of TreadDesk inc., describes how his invention works to Carol Weiss- Kennedy, Lindsay Buuck and Kim Smith, all of Bloomington, during the 2009 INShape Indiana Health Summit on Tuesday at Hulman Center.
Read the rest of the article!
"I've been using the TreadDesk for quite some time now and I can't say enough good things about it! The tread itself is quiet, responsive, compact, and sturdy. Working while standing up and walking has been an easy adjustment, and my base speed has increased steadily. I'm a college professor, and have spent the last twenty years sitting at my desk. I set up my computer at my TreadDesk so that when I'm working on it I'm standing or walking. I really wish I had this arrangement from the very beginning. I can't imagine ever going back!"


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Dave Biggs
Blog from a Freelance Photographer always on the lookout for a great adventure sport commission. BWPA Winner 2011, Wedding and Portrait Photographer. Instagram and Twitter #Hashtag Printer and owner of the Lumiere Vintage Photobooth.
Thursday, 2 February 2017
SickMick Hannah at the Red Bull Hardline 2016
As the Mountain Bike Season Slowly Kicks back into life we remember the Red Bull Hardline with a Video of Sikmik Hannah Jumping the Renegade doing a No Hander. Also an Image of Alexander Foyale .
Sunday, 1 January 2017
The White Run 2016
Many thanks to all of the Athletes who competed in the latest round of the Shropshire Mud Run Series especially to those who competed in Fancy Dress. Free Images are available at the following link. http://www.biggsphotography.co.uk/The-White-Run-2016/.
Thursday, 1 September 2016
31st World Bog Snorkelling Champs
Tuesday, 2 August 2016
Headshots or Hands The Alternative Portrait
Just a quck thought, it is often said that your hands can often define who you are but how often do we photograph them, the next time you have a Portrait ask for a shot of your hands and then frame them, any shot of your hands but it should reflect your personality.
Tuesday, 19 July 2016
Lilleshall Mud Run in the News
You all made the Shropshire Star, please follow the link http://www.shropshirestar.com/entertainment/2016/07/19/hundreds-take-part-in-latest-shropshire-mud-run/mud-22578672/
Sunday, 17 July 2016
Lilleshall Mud Run (Shropshire Mud Run Series)
Images of the Lilleshall Mud Run can be purchased at www.21cPhotos.com. Well done to Amy Jones who is halfway through 25 Challenges to raise desperately needed funds for the Midlands Air Ambulance.
Please check out our Website for all your Photobooth and Instagram # Hashtag Printing Services
www.biggsphotography.co.uk or follow us on Instagram@lumierevintage
Tuesday, 5 July 2016
Weddings Wanted
We would like to test our new Instagram and Twitter # Printer at a Shropshire Wedding and use the images and a short video for marketing purposes. If you are holding a Wedding reception at a venue that has a wireless internet connection within the next two Months please get in touch with us.
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Arsenal 3 Chelsea 2
ON A day of biblical downpours, Arsenal made heavy weather of their victory over Chelsea, but the three points were all the more welcome for coming caked in mud. Championships are decided on grim afternoons when legs are weary from a relentless slog of matches and Arsène Wenger took as much pleasure from this laboured win as he would from far more one-sided triumphs.
Chelsea had come to Highbury as Arsenal's closest challengers at the top of the Barclaycard Premiership but, while they might have taken succour from a dominant second half and spirited recovery from 3-0


text: Mp3 King Twit - Bicycle King Twit perform lively guitar based alternative folk pop, in the vein of Captain Beefheart, The Shins and Jonathan Richman. 4... 1. the Partys Been a Prison All Along! 2. Parking Space 3. the Bottle 4. Bicycle 4 MB Download 8.99 USD X The seller music offers you 12.0% on each sale!


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My Chinese peony seems to have died as a result of our freeze. However ,
all the rest are doing very well -- especially the ones I got from Rich last
year. They are all healthy and blooming. As to the Hellebores, I have
tens of dozens now. They have almost taken over their beds. I don't know
how long it takes them to bloom, but I would imagine it's several years. I
got the parent plants when they were very small, and they didn't bloom for
three years.
Zone 7
West TN
-------Original Message-------
From: firstname.lastname@example.com
Date: 5/11/2007 7:16:59 PM
To: email@example.com
Subject: Re: [CHAT] peony volunteers Gene
In a message dated 5/11/07 5:51:36 PM, email@example.com writes:
> P. Molly the Witch
Kitty, do you know the story behind the peony's name? I would expect a dk
bloom not the cream I found by doing a search.
I have tons of seedling Helleborus. I suppose I should dig them, pot them
or replant in a protected spot. There are so many and so thick. Anone
how many yrs it take to come into bloom?
See what's free at
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Competition with Local Network Externalities
Local network externalities are present when the utility of buying from a firm not only depends on the number of other customers (global network externalities), but also on their identity and/or characteristics. We explore the consequences of local network externalities within a framework where two firms compete offering differentiated products. We first show that local network externalities, in contrast to global network externalities, don't necessarily sharpen competition. Then we show that the equilibrium allocation is inefficient, in the sense that the allocation of consumers on firms does not maximize social surplus. Finally we show that local network externalities create a difference between the marginal and the average consumer, which gives rise to inefficiently high usage prices and too high level of compatibility between the networks.
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|Apr 2010
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Farrell, Joseph, 1989.
"Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces,"
Department of Economics, Working Paper Series
qt8161p50b, Department of Economics, Institute for Business and Economic Research, UC Berkeley.
- Farrell, Joseph & Saloner, Garth, 1992. "Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(1), pages 9-35, March.
- Joseph Farrell and Garth Saloner., 1989. "Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces," Economics Working Papers 89-130, University of California at Berkeley.
- Catherine Tucker, 2008. "Identifying Formal and Informal Influence in Technology Adoption with Network Externalities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(12), pages 2024-2038, December.
- Banerji, A. & Dutta, Bhaskar, 2009.
"Local network externalities and market segmentation,"
International Journal of Industrial Organization,
Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 605-614, September.
- A. Banerji & Bhaskar Dutta, 2008. "Local network externalities and market segmentation," Indian Statistical Institute, Planning Unit, New Delhi Discussion Papers 08-13, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi, India.
- Banerji, A & Dutta, Bhaskar, 2005. "Local Network Externalities and Market Segmentation," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 725, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Venkatesh Bala & Sanjeev Goyal, 2000. "A Noncooperative Model of Network Formation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 68(5), pages 1181-1230, September.
- Armstrong, Mark & Vickers, John, 2001. "Competitive Price Discrimination," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 32(4), pages 579-605, Winter.
- Øystein D. Fjeldstad & Amir Sasson, 2010. "Membership Matters: On the Value of Being Embedded in Customer Networks," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(6), pages 944-966, 09.
- Sanjeev Goyal & Andrea Galeotti, 2007. "A Theory of Strategic Diffusion," Working Papers 2007.70, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
- Shy,Oz, 2001.
"The Economics of Network Industries,"
Cambridge Books,
Cambridge University Press, number 9780521800952, October.
- Shy,Oz, 2001. "The Economics of Network Industries," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521805001, October.
- repec:esx:essedp:635 is not listed on IDEAS
- Daniel Birke & G. Swann, 2006. "Network effects and the choice of mobile phone operator," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 65-84, April.
- Swann, G. M. Peter, 2002. "The functional form of network effects," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 417-429, September.
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Stock #111146 -
If you are in the market for a cruiser, look no further than this 1999 Bayliner Ciera 2655 Sunbridge, priced right at $15,000 (offers encouraged).
This boat is located in Port Richey, Florida and is in great condition. She is also equipped with a Mercruiser engine.
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Lot 549: Antique Biedermeier Armoire
October Estates
by Material Culture
October 31, 2016
Philadelphia, PA, USALive Auction
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: Antique Biedermeier Armoire. Size: 73.25'' x 55'' x 22'' (186 x 140 x 56 cm).
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Instead of my annual pilgrimage to the nude beaches of southern France –
well until I was banned – I am spending my spring break in Ireland. I would
love to look in on any work being done Dublin or Galway. I've tracked down
a few people but no response yet from emails.
I'll buy the first and last pint.
Gary Lee Nelson
Oberlin College
you may have to buy more than the first and last pint. not much luck with nude beaches either….
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9 comments found.
Again awesome work bro, GLWS
Thank you Bro.
Thanks my friend
Great Work! GLWS!
Thank you my friend
Nicely done.
Hello, seems this theme is not responsive.. Any chance that could be updated?
Hi my friend, well no it is not responsive because it is made with Adobe Muse, and have to add and tablet mode and phone mode in order to be responsive, but for the moment we are busy with other projects and cannot make the two other modes. Thank you for asking and have a nice day my friend.
I've bought Vcard for Creatives but unfortunately the assets are missing
Hi I bought Resume VCard for Creatives but the asset files are missing from the download could you please send them through to me at janewood59@btconnect,com
Many thanks,
PS I really like the design and how it works
Sent the Email I am glad you like it, Hope you get the best of it. Cheers.
This is not a wordpress theme?
No sir this is adobe muse template. See category thank you.
Ups, my mistake. Any chance I can get a refund?
Sorry. This is thr envato thing cannot make refunds once it is bought. Thank you
No preview =(
The preview is fixed now, sorry and Thank you for letting me know.


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Tropical Fish Keeping - Aquarium fish care and resources (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/forum.php)
- Beginner Freshwater Aquarium (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/beginner-freshwater-aquarium/)
- - lighting fixture over a 125 gallon.. (http://www.tropicalfishkeeping.com/beginner-freshwater-aquarium/lighting-fixture-over-125-gallon-114678/)
lighting fixture over a 125 gallon..
Going to be a low tech planted. What would be the best route to go as for a fixture or fixtures? Tank is standard 6 footer.
Several options. First, T8 (the "normal" fluorescent tube lighting). I don't know if there are 6-foot T8 fixtures, so you might have to use two 3-foot dual tube fixtures; depending upon the type of centre brace o the tank frame, this could work.
A better option here might be T5 fluorescent, with two 48-inch tubes. Some of the T5 fixtures taking two 4-foot tubes will extend at the ends to fit 5 and 6 foot tanks. And the brighter light with T5 HO tubes would be sufficient for this tank.
Another option is LED, something I have no personal experience with. It is very expensive, and while initially it was deemed rather poor light for plants over larger tanks, the newer types are getting better. As i say, I have never used it, but I mention it because it is out there.
Thanks Byron, but wouldnt the T5 be a little intense?
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Its time to get to work on the farm with these stacking pyramid and wooden characters. They can rearrange all the farm buildings and make sure that the farmer and his animals are all happy. All packs up into the box.
Thank you for visiting Janod Wood Multikub Stacking Boxes Farm Play Set on shoppingfind.co.uk
We bring the products from many websites to one website for you to search, save and compare.


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Standpoint Apartments : 2 Bedroom Apartment for Rent at Standpoint Tower B Downtown Dubai.
Bright and spacious 2 BHK on the top floor of Standpoint Tower B. Great views of the Burj fountains + Opera House + Sea + burj park garden. The apartment has 2 bedrooms + 3 toilets + fully equipped kitchen + laundry area including washing machine + 1 reserved covered car parking + access to 5 star gymnasium , pool , Jacuzzi + concierge services. Apartment is available for viewings and read to move in.
Standpoints are located in the heart of Downtown and closest to Burj Khalifa and the New Dubai Opera house. A very high profile and posh neighborhood surrounded by buzzing cafes and restaurants.
P.S: The pictures displayed are for illustrative purpose only. They may or may not depict the actual property.
For property viewing contact :
Binayah Real Estate Brokers L.L.C.
Executive Heights
Suite 908, Barsha Heights (Tecom)
Dubai, UAE, P.O Box 487303
Telephone : +971 4 44 75430
Mobile : +971 55 509 9157
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Website : www.binayah.com


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Abel Smith (1748–1779)
Abel Smith (29 June 1748 – 22 January 1779) was a British Member of Parliament.
Smith was the second son of Abel Smith, a Nottingham banker who, following his father, also called Abel, had continued developing the business into what was by the end of the century to become one of the biggest private banks in England. The first Abel Smith had contented himself with using some of his wealth to intervene in other people's elections. Abel the second eventually entered Parliament for a pocket borough in 1774. Four years later, in October 1778, the young Abel could rely on the family's standing in his home city to secure election for Nottingham; however, he died only three months later.
His younger brother, Robert, followed him as MP for Nottingham, and took over the business on his father's death. In 1796 he was raised to the peerage as Lord Carrington. Three of Abel's other brothers also became MPs.
|This article does not cite any sources. (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
- Lundy, Darryl. "p. 13816 § 138158". The Peerage.[unreliable source]
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs [self-published source][better source needed]
|Parliament of Great Britain
|Preceded by
General William Howe
Sir Charles Sedley
|Member of Parliament for Nottingham
With: General William Howe
|Succeeded by
General William Howe
Robert Smith
|This article about a Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (1707–1800) representing an English constituency is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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Labor unions recently won a victory over employers in California when the U.S. Supreme Court denied review of the California Supreme Court's decision in Ralphs Grocery Co. v. UFCW. The California court had upheld two state statutes that restrict the availability of injunctions against picketing by labor unions on private property. Ralphs Grocery Co. v. United Food and Commercial Workers Local 8, 55 Cal.4th 1083 (2012).
Ralphs and several trade associations urged the U.S. Supreme Court to grant review of the California decision, arguing that (1) the state laws in question are discriminatory because they sanction trespassing on private property by labor unions to engage in expressive activities such as picketing, but not by any other organizations, and (2) the state laws result in a violation of constitutional property rights.
The Supreme Court's denial of review is not a decision on the merits of these arguments. Nevertheless, at least for the foreseeable future, the denial means labor unions—but no other organizations—will have the right to engage in picketing and other expressive activities on an employer's private property.
As a dissent in the Ralphs case pointed out, the decision "places California on a collision course with the federal courts." This was a reference to an earlier decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit holding that one of the California statutes at issue in this case results in unconstitutional content discrimination. Waremart Foods v. NLRB, 354 F.3d 870, 872 (D.C. Cir. 2004). While it seems that this conflict between the California high court and the D.C. Circuit must be resolved at some point, the timing of such a resolution is now uncertain.
The California Anti-Injunction Statutes
One of the statutes at issue in the Ralphs decision, the Moscone Act (California Code of Civil Procedure section 527.3), provides that picketing and related union activities during a labor dispute cannot be enjoined except in the case of certain unlawful conduct. This restraint on state court power does not apply in the case of picket line misconduct by a labor union, such as mass picketing and violence, but it has prevented injunctions against union trespassing.
The second statute, California Labor Code section 1138.1, limits the authority of state courts to issue an injunction in a labor dispute and establishes several difficult requirements that an employer must overcome to obtain an injunction against union trespassing or picket line misconduct, such as mass picketing and violence. This statute has effectively prevented employers from obtaining injunctions in labor disputes.
Free Speech Precedent in Labor Disputes
The disagreement between the D.C. Circuit and the California Supreme Court results primarily from opposing views of U.S. Supreme Court precedent involving content discrimination under the First Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Two U.S. Supreme Court decisions are the focus of this debate.
In the first decision, Police Department of the City of Chicago v. Mosely, 408 U.S. 92 (1972), the Supreme Court declared that a law is unconstitutional if it makes a distinction between labor picketing and other picketing; describes permissible picketing in terms of its subject matter; or grants the use of a forum to people whose views the government finds acceptable while denying use of the same forum to those wishing to express less favored or more controversial views.
In the second decision, Carey v. Brown, 447 U.S. 455 (1980), the Supreme Court declared that a government cannot discriminate between lawful and unlawful conduct based upon the content of a demonstrator's communication. The Court also held that the government cannot presuppose that labor picketing is more deserving of First Amendment protection than public protests over other economic, social, and political issues.
The D.C. Circuit followed these decisions in determining that the Moscone Act constituted a clear case of content discrimination under the U.S. Constitution. The California Supreme Court, however, distinguished the decisions, finding that the California statutes did not restrict anyone's speech, and noting that Mosely and Carey involved public forums, while the Ralphs case involved a private forum.
In addition, the California Supreme Court interpreted the Moscone Act to include a reaffirmation of several older California decisions that permitted labor unions to picket on the private property of retail stores. Those cases permitted picketing based primarily on the notion that the property rights of the store owners had been diluted by inviting the general public to patronize the stores, resulting in a "property right worn thin by public usage." Schwartz-Torrance Investment Corp. v. Bakery & Confectionery Workers' Union, 61 Cal. 2d 766 (1964); In re Lane, 71 Cal. 2d 872 (1969); Sears, Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego County District Council of Carpenters, 25 Cal. 3d 317 (1979).
Arguments Not Considered
The California Supreme Court's decision in Ralphs was silent on two compelling arguments. First, a constitutional doctrine known as Machinists preemption prohibits state governments from providing assistance to a union in a labor dispute because doing so would interfere with the free play of economic forces between labor and management under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). Under this doctrine, favoring union activity through selective application of state laws, such as a trespass law, is outside the power of the state. Rum Creek Coal Sales, Inc. v. Caperton, 926 F.2d 353 (4th Cir. 1991) ("Rum Creek I"), 971 F.2d 1148 (4th Cir. 1992) ("Rum Creek II"), 31 F.3d 169 (4th Cir. 1994) ("Rum Creek III"). In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court has expressly stated that a state may not withhold the protection of an anti-trespass law from an employer involved in a labor dispute. Livadis v. Bradshaw, 512 U.S. 107, 119 n. 13 (1994).
The second argument is that the state statutes involved here are unconstitutional because they infringe on property rights protected by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Although constitutional property rights are not absolute, U.S. Supreme Court precedent protecting such rights extends to an employer's private property if it does not constitute a "public forum"—such as the common areas of a shopping center under the Pruneyard doctrine discussed below. Central Hardware Co. v. NLRB, 407 U.S. 539 (1972); Lloyd Corp. v. Tanner, 407 U.S. 551 (1972).
Application to Facilities Other than Retail Stores
As noted above, the Ralphs decision upheld the Moscone Act by relying on several older California decisions permitting labor union picketing on the private property of retail stores. The main rationale underlying those decisions, however, was the notion that retail stores had diluted their private property rights by inviting the general public to patronize their stores. This rationale would not apply to employers that do not operate retail establishments, such as manufacturing companies.
Thus, non-retail employers should have a persuasive argument that the right to picket on private property under the Moscone Act is limited to retail stores and does not apply to manufacturing and other non-retail facilities where property rights have not been "worn thin by public usage." The same argument can be made with slightly less force by other employers, such as hospitals and educational institutions, that invite only certain members of the public onto their premises for a limited purpose, and not the general public.
Relief from Picket Line Misconduct and Union-Led "Flash Mobs"
A potential silver lining in the Ralphs decision is found in a concurring opinion by the Chief Justice, which was joined by two other members of the Court and approved by a dissenting justice, thus composing a majority of the Court. The opinion declares that the only legitimate objective of picketing is to transmit information to the public, and any interference with an employer's business by other means is legally unprotected. In addition, the opinion states that an employer can adopt rules to prevent such interference and unions must follow them, and a union that fails to do so will be guilty of an "unlawful trespass" and may be excluded.
The Chief Justice's concurring opinion also emphatically rejects picketing by labor unions inside an employer's premises, explaining that such conduct "would invariably interfere with the business activities being conducted inside and annoy and harass patrons." The Chief Justice stated further that "although labor may conduct its activities at the entrance of the business, it may not enter the business to do so."
These pronouncements should be construed as authorizing California trial courts to grant injunctive relief against union interference with a business by mass picketing and violence during a labor dispute, as well as relief from a recent development in California involving store invasions by union-led "flash mobs." While the injunction hurdles in Labor Code section 1138.1 remain intact, trial courts now have direction from a majority of the state's high court to construe that statute in a more reasonable way than in the past and therefore grant the type of relief that was commonly available before it was adopted.
In addition, police officers—who usually provide minimal protection against union misconduct, including the recent "flash mob" invasions of retail stores—should be encouraged by the Chief Justice's instructions to provide protection from such unlawful conduct.
NLRB Precedent on Union Access
It remains to be seen how the National Labor Relations Board will react to the denial of review by the Supreme Court in this case. In the landmark Lechmere decision, the Supreme Court held that an employer can lawfully bar union representatives from private property without violating the National Labor Relations Act (absent extraordinary circumstances that seldom exist). Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB, 502 U.S. 527 (1992). The Lechmere precedent, however, does not apply in the absence of a private property right.
The NLRB has previously followed the lead of the D.C. Circuit in the Waremart decision in finding that California employers did not commit an unfair labor practice by barring unions from private property because state law, properly analyzed under the federal Constitution, did not permit access to such property. Albertson's, Inc., 351 NLRB 254 (2007); Southern Monterey County Hospital dba George Mee Memorial Hospital, 348 NLRB 327 (2006). But now the California high court has held that, at least in the case of retail establishments, unions do have a right to such access.
This conflict may prompt the current NLRB to switch to the precedent of the California Supreme Court in Ralphs instead of the D.C. Circuit's precedent in Waremart. But if that happens, the D.C. Circuit might not acquiesce, given the strong constitutional rationale of its decision. This suggests that the issue decided in Ralphs may resurface in a confrontation between the NLRB and the D.C. Circuit—eventually leading to another opportunity for the Supreme Court to review the holding in the Ralphs decision. Hopefully for employers, that review would also include the issues of Machinists preemption and constitutional property rights discussed above.
Narrowing of California's Pruneyard Doctrine
The U.S. Supreme Court was not asked to consider a separate part of the Ralphs decision that contains another silver lining for some companies, especially retailers. The decision sharply limits California's Pruneyard doctrine, which treats certain private shopping center property as a "public forum" open to expressive activities under the state constitution. Robins v. Pruneyard Shopping Center, 23 Cal.3d 899 (1979); Fashion Valley Mall, LLC v. NLRB, 42 Cal. 4th 850 (2007).
The California Supreme Court ruled in Ralphs that a private sidewalk in front of a customer entrance to a retail store in a shopping center is not a public forum under the Pruneyard doctrine. Instead, the public forum portion of a shopping center is limited to areas that are designed to permit and encourage the public to congregate and socialize. This limitation on the Pruneyard doctrine should also extend to freestanding retail stores, because the rationale for the doctrine was predicated on the special nature of shopping centers.
The narrowing of Pruneyard might seem like a hollow victory for employers because what the court gives to them with one hand is taken away by the other through preserving the Moscone Act and section 1138.1. But retail companies should find the narrowing of Pruneyard to be significant in preventing other types of demonstrators and solicitors, unrelated to labor causes, from engaging in expressive activities on private store property.
These companies should be aware, however, of a risk under the NLRA. If they do not fully enforce this right in non-labor contexts, they cannot discriminate against union agents with respect to access to private property. Lechmere, Inc. v. NLRB, 502 U.S. 527 (1992). This risk is a good reason not to grant such groups limited access subject to "time, place and manner" regulations.
Potential for Future Litigation over Union Trespassing
It seems unlikely that the issue of union trespassing on private property in California has been settled by the denial of review in the Ralphs case. As noted above, an eventual resolution of the conflict between the state high court and the D.C. Circuit over this issue seems unavoidable, although such a confrontation may be years away because of the slow pace of NLRA litigation. A more timely prospect may be federal court litigation to invalidate the state laws that protect union trespassing under the legal theories discussed above.
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DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Littler
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