text:
Publication number | US5970790 A |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 08/749,110 |
Publication date | Oct 26, 1999 |
Filing date | Nov 14, 1996 |
Priority date | Nov 17, 1995 |
Fee status | Paid |
Also published as | DE69632618D1, DE69632618T2, EP0774649A1, EP0774649B1 |
Publication number | 08749110, 749110, US 5970790 A, US 5970790A, US-A-5970790, US5970790 A, US5970790A |
Inventors | Wijbren Jouwsma, Frederik Van Der Graaf |
Original Assignee | Berkin B.V. |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (4), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
The invention relates to a method for measuring flows of fluids, such as liquids and gases, flowing through a tube, with heat being supplied by a heat source to two heat-conducting parts extending from the heat source, of which at least the one is a wall of the tube situated upstream or downstream with respect to the heat source, of which the temperature is compared to the temperature of the other heat-conducting part and the measured temperature difference is a measure of the flow.
Such methods are generally known. A fluid flows through a heat-conducting tube having a heating element somewhere around it. The temperature difference is then measured between two points on the tube wall, on either side, i.e., upstream and downstream from the heating element and equidistant therefrom. When the fluid does not flow, the curve showing the relationship between the temperature and the location on the tube will indicate a substantially linear relationship and be symmetrical with respect to the heating element, and therefore no temperature difference will be measured. It is assumed that, equidistantly from the heating element, in front and at the rear (upstream and downstream), the temperatures are equal. When the fluid does flow, the said curve upstream with respect to the heating element, seen in the direction of the flow, will sag and downstream it will be upwards convex. The temperature difference measured is a measure of the flow to be measured (=volume or weight flowing past per unit of time).
To increase the sensitivity of such measurements and to reduce the space occupation, a choice is sometimes made for a measuring method by means of a tube bent in a "U", through which the fluid flows, having the heating element as a spiral around the bottom part of the "U". It is then possible to measure with the help of a series of temperature sensors--e.g., with a thermopile.
A major drawback of using such a measuring device is in particular that it is hard to clean. The method according to the invention makes it possible, while retaining the advantages offered by the latter construction--with the tube bent in a "U"--, still to be capable of measuring with one straight tube and therefore with the help of a more easily cleanable device.
It has also sometimes been proposed--see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,181,357, FIG. 12 with associated description, column 5, lines 34-59-to use a method in which a fluid flows through a conductor bent in a "U" having, between the legs of the "U", a conduit through which no flow takes place. A temperature difference between a point on the fluid-conducting conductor and a point on the conduit is measured and is a measure of the amount of medium flowed past per unit of time. However: the reference conductor-the conduit 88-will then first have to be adjusted in such a manner that, at least at the locations where measurements are carried out, the temperature, or (part of) the temperature curve, coincides with that of the fluid conductors. Such adjustment is possible through the choice of materials, the choice of dimensions etc.
A drawback of such a method, however, is that the reference conductor--the conduit--must be adjusted.
The method according to the invention does not have said drawbacks. To that end, it is characterised in that of the two heat-conducting parts, which preferably run substantially parallel at a distance from one another and of which only the first part is a tube through which fluids may flow during use, which parts are thermally connected to one another with their corresponding ends, the end where the fluid leaves the tube is heated to a certain temperature and then during use the temperature curve is measured along the entire length between the ends of both the tube and the other part, with the surface between the curves, which show the two temperature curves as a function of the length, being a measure of the flow to be determined.
Compared to the measurement with the help of the tube bent in a "U" you might say that the second tube part of the "U" has now been replaced by a fixed leg. When a fluid flows through the tube in the direction of the heat source, the temperature measured at the tube wall will invariably be lower than when the fluid does not flow. Said temperature curve-mostly linear-does occur in the leg; the temperature difference between those two is now measured, e.g., in the known manner with the help of a thermopile present between the tube and the reference leg. Other methods are also possible, however. It should be noted that, when measurements are made according to the method according to the invention, the sensitivity is half compared to the one in which the tube is bent in a "U", which is apparent from the curves showing the temperature differences as a function of the distance to the heat source. It should further be noted that of course it is not necessary that the wall part in question of the tube and the leg run in parallel.
When relatively large flows are measured such as, e.g., a water flow of 200 g/h., it may be an advantage to have heat conduction take place between the outer wall and the reference leg, e.g., by making use of heat-conducting materials and/or constructions which are mounted between the two.
The invention also comprises a device for carrying out the method according to the invention. To that end, the device is characterised in that it consists of a tube piece through which the fluid to be measured flows during use, and of which the wall is heat-conducting and which at its one end co-operates with a heat source and at its other end is connected to a heat-conducting body while, also with its one end co-operating with the heat source and with its other end connected to the heat-conducting body, there extends a second heat-conducting part, of which the temperature is not affected by the fluid flow, e.g., substantially parallel to, and at a distance from, the tube piece and between the two heat-conducting parts there is located a measuring device for measuring the temperature difference between the two along their entire length or part thereof.
The heat is fed to the fluid by the tube wall. At their ends away from the heat source, the tube wall and the reference leg have the same temperature, which is achieved, e.g., by having both ends flow out into one and the same heat-conducting body. They may also be simply connected to one another. As mentioned above, the measuring device for the temperature, present between tube wall and leg, preferably is a thermopile. As heat source, there is preferably used a heating spiral. It will be understood that in this framework, instead of a heat source, a cold source may also be used.
To promote the heat transfer from tube wall to fluidum, the application of an "insert" is possible. Such an insert then consists of, e.g., a cylindrical body having a length which e.g. is equal to that of the tube and having a diameter which is less than the inner diameter of the tube. The cylinder is placed concentrically in the tube and the fluid then flows as a film along the inner wall of the tube.
It should be noted that the principle of the method and the device according to the invention may also be applied to a fluid flow through two (or more) preferably parallel tubes, with the reference leg then being located between said two tubes and the temperature differences invariably being measured between the tube parts and the central leg.
The invention will be explained in further detail by reference to the drawing, in which
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 schematically show known methods and devices for measuring flows; and
FIG. 3 shows a device according to the invention.
In FIG. 1, the fluid flow 1 flows through the tube 2 in the direction indicated. Tube 2 is heated with the help of a heating spiral 3, with the generated heat running upstream and downstream by way of the conducting tube wall of the tube 2.
When there flows no fluid through the tube 2, the temperature curve, measured at the tube wall, is as shown by 4: a substantially linear curve upstream and downstream.
When a fluid does flow through the tube, the temperature curve, measured at the tube wall, is as shown by the curve 5: "sagged" (concave) upstream and convex downstream. The extent to which the temperature curve deviates from the substantially linear situation is a measure of the flow. When, e.g., the temperatures are measured at 6 and 7-locations on the tube wall which are situated at such a distance from the heat source that in situ the deviation of the temperature from that in the linear situation is significant-the occuring temperature difference ΔT is the measure referred to.
FIG. 2 shows how, with the help of the same principle as that according to FIG. 1, a flow may be measured, though with a much smaller space occupation. The tube 8, through which flows the fluid flow 9, is comparable to the tube 2 according to FIG. 1, though this time bent in a "U". The heat-conducting body 10 causes the temperatures of the tube ends which correspond to the ends of the legs of the "U" to be equal. 11 is a thermopile present between the two legs of the "U" with which, along the entire length of the tube walls, the temperature differences are measured and may be supplied in integrated form. The upstream and downstream temperature curves are denoted by 12 and 13, respectively; in the event of an integrated measurement with the help of a thermopile 11, the surface 14 between the curves 12 and 13 is the desired measure of the fluid flow.
The device according to FIG. 3-a device according to the invention-makes possible the method according to the invention. Here, too, there again is a fluid flow 15 flowing through a tube 16 having a conducting wall 17. At 18, the tube 16, and therewith the fluid, is heated. With the help of the thermopile 19, there is measured the temperature difference between the tube wall 17 and a fixed reference leg 20. Said leg 20 extends between the heated part 18 of the tube 16 and the location 21, where tube 16 and leg 20 are in heat-conducting contact with one another. In the same manner as indicated in FIG. 2, the size of the surface 22-the temperature difference between the tube wall 17 and the reference leg 20-is integrated along the entire length over which there occurs a temperature difference between the two.
Comparison of said surface 22 to the surface 14 as indicated in FIG. 2 shows that the measuring sensitivity amounts to half when measurements are made only on the flow on one side of the heat source.
The surface 22, and therefore the signal to be measured, increases in tandem with an increasing fluid flow. In addition, said signal depends on the temperature difference between the temperature at the location where the heat source is situated and the temperature at the location where tube wall and reference leg again have an equal temperature: the measuring range.
Cited Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US3181357 * | Jun 29, 1962 | May 4, 1965 | Hastings Raydist Inc | Thermal flowmeter |
US3818758 * | Oct 6, 1972 | Jun 25, 1974 | Fluid Flow Inc | Electrical flow meter |
US3827299 * | Jun 9, 1972 | Aug 6, 1974 | Perkin Elmer Ltd | Electrical flow-meters |
US3942378 * | Jun 28, 1974 | Mar 9, 1976 | Rca Corporation | Fluid flow measuring system |
US4107991 * | Jul 20, 1977 | Aug 22, 1978 | Teledyne, Inc. | Resistance bridge-type flowmeter |
US4972707 * | May 15, 1989 | Nov 27, 1990 | Brooks Instrument B.V. | Apparatus for measuring the flow of a fluid |
US5036701 * | Feb 21, 1990 | Aug 6, 1991 | Bronkhorst High-Tech B.V. | Mass-flow meter with temperature sensors |
US5142907 * | Apr 17, 1991 | Sep 1, 1992 | Mks Instruments, Inc. | Constant temperature gradient fluid mass flow transducer |
US5237866 * | May 10, 1991 | Aug 24, 1993 | Brooks Instrument B.V. | Flow sensor for measuring high fluid flow rates |
Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US7895905 * | Dec 15, 2008 | Mar 1, 2011 | Berkin B.V. | Flowmeter |
US8501092 * | Apr 14, 2005 | Aug 6, 2013 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Calorimeter and methods of use thereof |
US20070189920 * | Apr 14, 2005 | Aug 16, 2007 | Gimzewski James K | Calorimeter and methods of use thereof |
US20090308177 * | Dec 15, 2008 | Dec 17, 2009 | Berkin B.V. | Flowmeter |
U.S. Classification | 73/204.12 |
International Classification | G01F1/684, G01P5/10, G01F1/68, G01F1/69, G01F1/688 |
Cooperative Classification | G01F1/6888, G01F1/6847 |
European Classification | G01F1/684N, G01F1/688T |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Jun 18, 1997 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: BERKIN B.V., NETHERLANDS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JOUWSMA, WIJBREN;VANDER GRAAF,M FREDERIK;REEL/FRAME:008556/0789;SIGNING DATES FROM 19951106 TO 19961106 |
Apr 14, 2003 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 4 |
Feb 5, 2007 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 8 |
Apr 1, 2011 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 12 |


text:
You'll still need the alcohol to clean the tape residue off the tube
You'll still need the alcohol to clean off the tape residue off the tube
If you don't leave the tape on too long, there is no residue to clean off.
That really depends on the brand of duct tape!
Of course it does! I find Gaffer's tape works best WRT leaving no residue.
I use green painters tape. No residue.
The blue painters tape decreases soundstage.
Just take superglue and use that to take out the tube. You won't have to worry about the grip and the residue is easily cleaned off. Once you take the tube out, just wait a couple hours and then peel your fingers off (do this slowly- take care not to rip of your skin or finger). Then, clean off the superglue residue from the tube with rubbing alcohol (this step may take long if you failed to follow the previous step and ripped of a piece of skin or part of your finger) Of course, make sure the tube is cooled down, or else you're screwed.
I have changed the tubes about 6 times so far. It really isnt that big a drama. Just some gentle rocking as you lift makes them come out easily. I use a small piece of rubber from the kitchen that is used to either peel garlic or grip jar lids. Works well.
Anyone that chooses not to buy the Lyr due to the difficulty of tube rolling is really missing out on a $1000 plus amp at Half Price. I love it.
The Asgard is not better than the Lyr with low impedance phones. Simplistically, the Asgard is more appropriate for use with high sensitivity phones, and the Lyr for low sensitivity phones.
Yes, that's what sensitivity is, a given level of acoustic output for a given level of electrical power input. This also known as a measure of efficiency. Usually shown as xxdB/mW That's xx decibels per milliwatt.
Impedance (Z) is a measure of AC resistance comprised of (DC resistance + capacitive reactance + inductive reactance) @ a given frequency in Hz. In a practical sense, it will affect how efficiently power in mW can be coupled (transferred) from amplifier to headphone.
Power (P) = current (I) x voltage (E).
A low impedance headphone needs higher current and lower voltage for most effective power transfer and a high impedance headphone needs lower current and higher voltage for most effective power transfer. Remember, power equals current times voltage.
That's a good, concise explanation. I also agree that the Asgard is better than the Lyr for sensitive headphones. From the Lyr, there's definitely a bit of noise when listening to my LA7000 -- it's not really noticeable except during quiet passages of music, but it is enough that I prefer the cleaner sound of the lower-gain Asgard with my Denons. For comparison, I can *barely* hear the noise with my HD800, while with the K701, DT880/600, and HE-6, the noise isn't audible.
For anyone concerned about noise issues or amp synergy, you can just get all three Schiit amps -- that's what I did! The Asgard for your low-impedance, high-sensitivity Denons and Grados, the Valhalla for your high-impedance Beyers, and the Lyr for your power-hungry orthos and everything else in between. It might sound ridiculous, but when you realize you can get all three Schiit amps for about the same price as a single Woo WA2 or WA6SE, it starts to sound a little less crazy...
Interestingly, many headphones fall into that bucket. They're sensitive enough to be able to make noise with almost any amp, but it takes a more powerful amp to make them sound alive, not louder, just more dynamic and open.
Gaffers tape is the best tape on earth. Makes duct tape look like a pedestrian amateur. What my comment has to do with the Lyr I have no idea.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Summary: Importin beta binding domain
Pfam includes annotations and additional family information from a range of different sources. These sources can be accessed via the tabs below.
This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Importin". More...
Importin Edit Wikipedia article
Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||
Aliases | KPNB1, IMB1, IPO1, IPOB, Impnb, NTF97, karyopherin subunit beta 1 | ||||||||||||||||
External IDs | MGI: 107532 HomoloGene: 1707 GeneCards: KPNB1 | ||||||||||||||||
RNA expression pattern | |||||||||||||||||
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Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||||
Entrez |
Ensembl |
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RefSeq (mRNA) |
RefSeq (protein) |
Location (UCSC) | Chr 17: 47.65 – 47.69 Mb | Chr 11: 97.16 – 97.19 Mb | |||||||||||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||||||||||
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View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Importin is a type of karyopherin[5] that transports protein molecules into the nucleus by binding to specific recognition sequences, called nuclear localization sequences (NLS).
Importin has two subunits, importin α and importin β. Members of the importin-β family can bind and transport cargo by themselves, or can form heterodimers with importin-α. As part of a heterodimer, importin-β mediates interactions with the pore complex, while importin-α acts as an adaptor protein to bind the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) on the cargo. The NLS-Importin α-Importin β trimer dissociates after binding to Ran GTP inside the nucleus,[6] with the two importin proteins being recycled to the cytoplasm for further use.
Importin can exist as either a heterodimer of importin-α/β or as a monomer of Importin-β. Importin-α was first isolated in 1994 by a group including Enno Hartmann, based at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine.[5] The process of nuclear protein import had already been characterised in previous reviews,[7] but the key proteins involved had not been elucidated up until that point. A 60kDa cytosolic protein, essential for protein import into the nucleus, and with a 44% sequence identity to SRP1p, was purified from Xenopus eggs. It was cloned, sequenced and expressed in E.coli and in order to completely reconstitute signal dependent transport, had to be combined with Ran(TC4). Other key stimulatory factors were also found in the study.[5]
Importin-β, unlike importin-α, has no direct homologues in yeast, but was purified as a 90-95kDa protein and found to form a heterodimer with importin-α in a number of different cases. These included a study led by Michael Rexach[8] and further studies by Dirk Görlich.[9] These groups found that importin-α requires another protein, importin-β to function, and that together they form a receptor for nuclear localization signals (NLS), thus allowing transport into the nucleus. Since these initial discoveries in 1994 and 1995, a host of Importin genes, such as IPO4 and IPO7, have been found that facilitate the import of slightly different cargo proteins, due to their differing structure and locality.
A large proportion of the importin-α adaptor protein is made up of several armadillo repeats (ARM) arranged in tandem. These repeats can stack together to form a curved shaped structure, which facilitates binding to the NLS of specific cargo proteins. The major NLS binding site is found towards the N-terminus, with a minor site being found at the C-terminus. As well as the ARM structures, Importin-α also contains a 90 amino acid N-terminal region, responsible for binding to Importin-β, known as IBB (Importin-β binding domain). This is also a site of autoinhibition, and is implicated in the release of cargo once importin-α reaches the nucleus.[10]
Importin-β is the typical structure of a larger superfamily of karyopherins. The basis of their structure is 18-20 tandem repeats of the HEAT motif. Each one of these repeats contains two antiparallel alpha helices linked by a turn, which stack together to form the overall structure of the protein.[11]
In order to transport cargo into the nucleus, importin-β must associate with the nuclear pore complexes. It does this by forming weak, transient bonds with nucleoporins at their various FG (Phe-Gly) motifs. Crystallographic analysis has shown that these motifs bind to importin-β at shallow hydrophobic pockets found on its surface.[12]
Nuclear Protein Import Cycle
The primary function of importin is to mediate the translocation of proteins with nuclear localization signals into the nucleus, through nuclear pore complexes (NPC), in a process known as the nuclear protein import cycle.
Cargo Binding
The first step of this cycle is the binding of cargo. Importin can perform this function as a monomeric importin-β protein, but usually requires the presence of importin-α, which acts as an adaptor to cargo proteins (via interactions with the NLS). The NLS is a sequence of basic amino acids that tags the protein as cargo destined for the nucleus. A cargo protein can contain either one or two of these motifs, which will bind to the major and/or minor binding sites on importin-α.[13]
Cargo Transport
Once the cargo protein is bound, importin-β interacts with the NPC, and the complex diffuses into the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The rate of diffusion depends on both the concentration of importin-α present in the cytoplasm and also the binding affinity of importin-α to the cargo. Once inside the nucleus, the complex interacts with the Ras-family GTPase, Ran-GTP. This leads to the dissociation of the complex by altering the conformation of Importin-β. Importin-β is left bound to Ran-GTP, ready to be recycled.[13]
Cargo Release
Now that the importin-α/cargo complex is free of importin-β, the cargo protein can be released into the nucleus. The N-terminal importin-β-binding (IBB) domain of importin-α contains an auto-regulatory region that mimics the NLS motif. The release of importin-β frees this region and allows it to loop back and compete for binding with the cargo protein at the major NLS-binding site. This competition leads to the release of the protein. In some cases, specific release factors such as Nup2 and Nup50 can be employed to help release the cargo as well.[13]
Importin Recycling
Finally, in order to return to the cytoplasm, importin-α must associate with a Ran-GTP/CAS (nuclear export factor) complex which facilitates its exit from the nucleus. CAS (cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein) is part of the importin-β superfamily of karyopherins and is defined as a nuclear export factor. Importin-β returns to the cytoplasm, still bound to Ran-GTP. Once in the cytoplasm, Ran-GTP is hydrolysed by RanGAP, forming Ran-GDP, and releasing the two importins for further activity. It is this hydrolysis of GTP that provides the energy for the cycle as a whole. In the nucleus, a GEF will charge Ran with a GTP molecule, which is then hydrolysed by a GAP in the cytoplasm, as stated above. It is this activity of Ran that allows for the unidirectional transport of proteins.[13]
Importins and Disease
There are several disease states and pathologies that are associated with mutations or changes in expression of importin-α and importin-β.
Importins are vital regulatory proteins during the processes of gametogenesis and embryogenesis. As a result, a disruption in the expression patterns of importin-α has been shown to cause fertility defects in Drosophila melanogaster.[14]
There have also been studies that link altered importin-α to some cases of cancer. Breast cancer studies have implicated a truncated form of importin-α in which the NLS binding domain is missing.[15] In addition, importin-α has been shown to transport the tumour suppressor gene, BRCA1 (breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein), into the nucleus. The overexpression of importin-α has also been linked with poor survival rates seen in certain melanoma patients.[16]
Importin activity is also associated with some viral pathologies. For instance, in the infection pathway of the Ebola Virus, a key step is the inhibition of the nuclear import of PY-STAT1. This is achieved by the virus sequestering importin-α in the cytoplasm, meaning it can no longer bind its cargo at the NLS.[17] As a result, importin cannot function and the cargo protein stays in the cytoplasm.
Types of Cargo
Many different cargo proteins can be transported into the nucleus by importin. Often, different proteins will require different combinations of α and β in order to translocate. Some examples of different cargo are listed below.
Cargo | Import Receptor |
SV40 | Importin-β and importin-α |
Nucleoplasmin | Importin-β and importin-α |
STAT1 | Importin-β and NPI-1 (type of importin-α) |
TFIIA | Importin-α not required |
U1A | Importin-α not required |
Human importin genes
Although importin-α and importin-β are used to describe importin as a whole, they actually represent larger families of proteins that share a similar structure and function. Various different genes have been identified for both α and β, with some of them listed below. Note that often karyopherin and importin are used interchangeably.
- Importin: IPO4, IPO5, IPO7, IPO8, IPO9, IPO11, IPO13
- Karyopherin-α: KPNA1, KPNA2, KPNA3, KPNA4, KPNA5, KPNA6
- Karyopherin-β: KPNB1
See also
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- ^ a b c Görlich D, Prehn S, Laskey RA, Hartmann E (1994). "Isolation of a protein that is essential for the first step of nuclear protein import". Cell. 79 (5): 767–78. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90067-1. PMID 8001116.
- ^ Mattaj IW, Englmeier L (1998). "Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the soluble phase". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 265–306. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265. PMID 9759490.
- ^ Garcia Bustos J., Heitman J and Hall, M. (1991). "Nuclear Protein Localization". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1071: 83–101. doi:10.1016/0304-4157(91)90013-m.
- ^ Enenkel C.; Blobel G.; Rexach M. (1995). "Identification of a Yeast Karyopherin Heterodimer That Targets Import Substrate to Mammalian Nuclear Pore Complexes". J. Biol. Chem. 270: 16499–502. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.28.16499.
- ^ Görlich D.; Kostka S.; Kraft R.; Dingwall C.; Laskey RA.; et al. (1995). "Two different subunits of importin cooperate to recognize nuclear localization signals and bind them to the nuclear envelope". Curr. Biol. 5: 383–92. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00079-0. PMID 7627554.
- ^ Conti E., Uy, M., Leighton L., Blobel G. and Kuriyan J, (1998). "Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha.". Cell. 94: 193–204. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81419-1. PMID 9695948.
- ^ Lee SJ.; Matsuura Y.; Liu SM.; Stewart M. (2005). "Structural basis for nuclear import complex dissociation by RanGTP.". Nature. 435: 693–6. doi:10.1038/nature03578.
- ^ Bayliss R.; Littlewood T.; Stewart M. (2000). "Structural basis for the interaction between FxFG nucleoporin repeats and importin-beta in nuclear trafficking.". Cell. 102: 99–108. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00014-3.
- ^ a b c d Weis K. (1984). "Regulating access to the genome: nucleocytoplasmic transport throughout the cell cycle.". Cell. 112: 441–51. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00082-5.
- ^ Terry LJ.; Shows EB.; Wente SR. (2007). "Crossing the nuclear envelope: hierarchical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport.". Science. 318: 1412–1416. doi:10.1126/science.1142204.
- ^ Kim IS.; Kim DH.; Han SM.; Chin MU.; Nam HJ.; Cho HP.; Choi SY.; Song BJ.; Kim ER.; Bae YS.; et al. (2000). "Truncated form of importin alpha identified in breast cancer cell inhibits nuclear import of p53.". J Biol Chem. 275: 23139–23145. doi:10.1074/jbc.M909256199.
- ^ Winnepenninckx V.; Lazar V.; Michiels S.; Dessen P.; Stas M.; Alonso SR.; Avril MF.; Ortiz Romero PL.; Robert T.; Balacescu O.; et al. (2006). "Gene expression profiling of primary cutaneous melanoma and clinical outcome.". J Natl Cancer Inst. 98: 472–482. doi:10.1093/jnci/djj103.
- ^ Sekimoto T.; Imamoto N.; Nakajima K.; Hirano T.; Yoneda Y. (1997). "Extracellular signal-dependent nuclear import of Stat1 is mediated by nuclear pore-targeting complex formation with NPI-1, but not Rch1". EMBO J. 16: 7067–7077. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.7067.
External links
- http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm.do?momID=85
- http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q14974
- http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR002652
- Importins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR002652 This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR001494
This page is based on a Wikipedia article. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
Importin beta binding domain Provide feedback
This family consists of the importin alpha (karyopherin alpha), importin beta (karyopherin beta) binding domain. The domain mediates formation of the importin alpha beta complex; required for classical NLS import of proteins into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore complex and across the nuclear envelope. Also in the alignment is the NLS of importin alpha which overlaps with the IBB domain [4].
Literature references
Conti E, Uy M, Leighton L, Blobel G, Kuriyan J; , Cell 1998;94:193-204.: Crystallographic analysis of the recognition of a nuclear localization signal by the nuclear import factor karyopherin alpha. PUBMED:9695948 EPMC:9695948
Weis K; , Trends Biochem Sci 1998;23:185-189.: Importins and exportins: how to get in and out of the nucleus [published erratum appears in Trends Biochem Sci 1998 Jul;23(7):235] PUBMED:9612083 EPMC:9612083
Gorlich D; , EMBO J 1998;17:2721-2727.: Transport into and out of the cell nucleus. PUBMED:9582265 EPMC:9582265
Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A; , Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:6572-6576.: The binding site of karyopherin alpha for karyopherin beta overlaps with a nuclear localization sequence. PUBMED:8692858 EPMC:8692858
Gorlich D, Henklein P, Laskey RA, Hartmann E; , EMBO J 1996;15:1810-1817.: A 41 amino acid motif in importin-alpha confers binding to importin- beta and hence transit into the nucleus. PUBMED:8617226 EPMC:8617226
Internal database links
SCOOP: | Adaptin_N Arm |
External database links
SCOP: | 1bk5 |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR002652
The exchange of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm takes place through nuclear pore complexes within the nuclear membrane. Active transport of large molecules through these pore complexes require carrier proteins, called karyopherins (importins and exportins), which shuttle between the two compartments.
Members of the importin-alpha (karyopherin-alpha) family can form heterodimers with importin-beta. As part of a heterodimer, importin-beta mediates interactions with the pore complex, while importin-alpha acts as an adaptor protein to bind the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) on the cargo through the classical NLS import of proteins. Proteins can contain one (monopartite) or two (bipartite) NLS motifs. Importin-alpha contains several armadillo (ARM) repeats, which produce a curving structure with two NLS-binding sites, a major one close to the N terminus and a minor one close to the C terminus.
Ran GTPase helps to control the unidirectional transfer of cargo. The cytoplasm contains primarily RanGDP and the nucleus RanGTP through the actions of RanGAP and RanGEF, respectively. In the nucleus, RanGTP binds to importin-beta within the importin/cargo complex, causing a conformational change in importin-beta that releases it from importin-alpha-bound cargo. The N-terminal importin-beta-binding (IBB) domain of importin-alpha contains an auto-regulatory region that mimics the NLS motif [PUBMED:8692858]. The release of importin-beta frees the auto-regulatory region on importin-alpha to loop back and bind to the major NLS-binding site, causing the cargo to be released [PUBMED:17170104].
This entry represents the N-terminal IBB domain of importin-alpha that contains the auto-regulatory region.
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
Cellular component | nucleus (GO:0005634) |
cytoplasm (GO:0005737) | |
Molecular function | protein transporter activity (GO:0008565) |
Biological process | protein import into nucleus (GO:0006606) |
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan TPR (CL0020), which has the following description:
Tetratricopeptide-like repeats are found in a numerous and diverse proteins involved in such functions as cell cycle regulation, transcriptional control, mitochondrial and peroxisomal protein transport, neurogenesis and protein folding.
The clan contains the following 132 members:
Adaptin_N Alkyl_sulf_dimr ANAPC3 ANAPC5 API5 Arm Arm_2 Arm_3 B56 BTAD CAS_CSE1 ChAPs CLASP_N Clathrin Clathrin-link Clathrin_H_link Clathrin_propel Cnd1 Cnd3 Coatomer_E Cohesin_HEAT Cohesin_load COPI_C CRM1_C Cse1 DNA_alkylation Drf_FH3 Drf_GBD DUF1822 DUF2019 DUF2225 DUF3385 DUF3458_C DUF3808 DUF3856 DUF4042 DUF924 EST1 EST1_DNA_bind FAT Fis1_TPR_C Fis1_TPR_N Foie-gras_1 GUN4_N HAT HEAT HEAT_2 HEAT_EZ HEAT_PBS HemY_N IBB IBN_N IFRD KAP Leuk-A4-hydro_C LRV LRV_FeS MA3 MIF4G MIF4G_like MIF4G_like_2 Mo25 MRP-S27 NARP1 Neurochondrin Nipped-B_C Nro1 NSF Paf67 ParcG PC_rep PHAT PI3Ka PknG_TPR PPP5 PPR PPR_1 PPR_2 PPR_3 PPR_long PPTA Proteasom_PSMB PUF Rab5-bind Rapsyn_N RPN7 Sel1 SHNi-TPR SNAP SPO22 SRP_TPR_like ST7 Suf SusD-like SusD-like_2 SusD-like_3 SusD_RagB TAF6_C TAL_effector TAtT Tcf25 TIP120 TOM20_plant TPR_1 TPR_10 TPR_11 TPR_12 TPR_14 TPR_15 TPR_16 TPR_17 TPR_18 TPR_19 TPR_2 TPR_20 TPR_21 TPR_3 TPR_4 TPR_5 TPR_6 TPR_7 TPR_8 TPR_9 Upf2 V-ATPase_H_C V-ATPase_H_N Vac14_Fab1_bd Vitellogenin_N Vps39_1 W2 Xpo1 YfiOAlignments
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets, the UniProtKB sequence database, the NCBI sequence database, and our metagenomics sequence database. More...
View options
We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
Seed (193) |
Full (1980) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (2934) |
Meta (4) |
Jalview | |||||||||
PP/heatmap | 1 |
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key: available, not generated, — not available.
Format an alignment
Download options
We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
Seed (193) |
Full (1980) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (2934) |
Meta (4) |
Raw Stockholm | |||||||||
Gzipped |
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
Seed source: | Pfam-B_544 (release 4.2) |
Previous IDs: | none |
Type: | Family |
Author: | Bashton M, Bateman A |
Number in seed: | 193 |
Number in full: | 1980 |
Average length of the domain: | 85.90 aa |
Average identity of full alignment: | 33 % |
Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 16.59 % |
HMM information
HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 26740544 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
Model details: |
Model length: | 87 | ||||||||||||
Family (HMM) version: | 19 | ||||||||||||
Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
Species distribution
Sunburst controls
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Colour assignments
Archea | Eukaryota |
Bacteria | Other sequences |
Viruses | Unclassified |
Viroids | Unclassified sequence |
Align selected sequences to HMM
Generate a FASTA-format file
Clear selection
This visualisation provides a simple graphical representation of the distribution of this family across species. You can find the original interactive tree in the adjacent tab. More...
Tree controls
HideThe tree shows the occurrence of this domain across different species. More...
Please note: for large trees this can take some time. While the tree is loading, you can safely switch away from this tab but if you browse away from the family page entirely, the tree will not be loaded.
For those sequences which have a structure in the Protein DataBank, we use the mapping between UniProt, PDB and Pfam coordinate systems from the PDBe group, to allow us to map Pfam domains onto UniProt sequences and three-dimensional protein structures. The table below shows the structures on which the IBB domain has been found. There are 108 instances of this domain found in the PDB. Note that there may be multiple copies of the domain in a single PDB structure, since many structures contain multiple copies of the same protein seqence.
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Archive for the 'News roundup' Category
Episode 27: Secrets.
Hi folks:
I'm back with episode 27 of The Kingcast, featuring some thoughts about the power of secrets in Stephen King's work. In other news… there was a death in the family last week. I'm a little broken up about it, but I know that with your support I'll get over it.
In addition to some meandering about secrets, there's always Stephen King news to be shared. For example:
- Justin Long is booked to star in "The Ten O'Clock People", an adaptation of the story which appeared in 1992's "Nightmares and Dreamscapes." The adaptation will be written and directed by Tom Holland, who previously adapted "The Langoliers" for TV and "Thinner" for the big screen. (He also played Carl Hough in "The Stand"). Here's a little glamour shot of a younger Mr. Holland:
- The Rock Bottom Remainders recently played their last show. The band, which has featured tons of authors but has had a core membership including Dave Barry, King, Ridley Pearson, and Amy Tan, has been playing benefits and fun shows for nearly 20 years. Dave Barry claims they've quit because nobody can get through a show without a pee break anymore.
- Haven starts season three in September. A primer on the series will catch new viewers up on the action.
- My fellow Stephen King podcaster and fan Matt Jacobs recently nailed a remarkable guest to interview– physicist Neil DeGrasse Tyson. You can read about the encounter on his site.
- Via the Stephen King forum, I got a chuckle or two out of "The King's Road," a series by Mind Circus Comics featuring SK in some wacky (and possibly NSFW) adventures.
In any case, here's the episode. Enjoy. As always, your comments are welcomed.
Kingcast 24: Matthew Kirschenbaum on "Stephen King's Wang"
Episode 24 of the Kingcast features some news from Kingland, a mention of Matt Jacob and my discussion of "The Dark Tower 7: The Dark Tower" on his SK Fancast, a mini-review of David Cronenberg's 1983 film The Dead Zone (a film cast by episode 23 guest Jane Jenkins) and of course, a feature interview with Matthew Kirschenbaum.
Matthew Kirschenbaum is an associate professor of English at the University of Maryland. He's currently working on a history of word processing for Harvard University Press called Track Changes (due out next year), and recently gave a talk at the New York Public Library with the irresistible title of "Stephen King's Wang."
You can find out just where that title comes from, and a lot more, in our conversation.
For Toronto listeners, Matthew is speaking at the University of Toronto on March 1.
Enjoy the podcast, and always feel free to give me your feedback at email@example.com.
Stephen King news roundup, September 30, 2011
The biggest news of the last week had to have been the unveiling of a portion of Dr. Sleep. Truly observant King fans may have been aware that he had been considering a sequel to his 1977 novel The Shining for some time.
But when King accepted the George Mason Award as the highlight of the Fall For The Book festival in Fairfax, Virginia, he delighted the crowd with not only a great speech, but a reading from the unfinished work.
While The Kingcast was the first to bring you an audio version of the event, a much-better video version just became available on the morning of the 30th from George Mason University's video channel. Here it is:
Stephen King from GMU-TV on Vimeo.
The announcement of Dr. Sleep continues to work its way through the mainstream media, with more than 150 articles published about it so far. Some people are more than dubious about the idea of inserting what have become known as "psychic vampires" into the world of The Shining, but (opinionating here), the idea that children like Danny Torrance, and even the adults they grow into, are powerful tools and ripe for the exploitation of evil forces is well-established in the Kingiverse, and shouldn't be that much of a stretch for people familiar with the work.
One fun article on Moviefone asks for casting ideas for Dr. Sleep, already working on the assumption that there will be a movie version. I suppose SK is thankful Kubrick can't get his hands on this one…
My personal favorite quote from the evening?
Books – the most potent weapon against the assholes of the world.
Meanwhile, buzz slowly continues to grow for 11/22/63. This week, StephenKing.com announced a fundraising event to be held on November 10 at the Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. King is quoted as saying that the museum was very helpful during the research and writing of the novel, so this is a way for him to give something back. Here's the event page, if you're lucky enough to be in Dallas in November.
Bag of Bones completed production this week, and stars were complimentary about their Nova Scotia shooting location. Meanwhile, a little bird told me that rumours of a King cameo in the miniseries were nothing more than that. Stay tuned to the Kingcast for some coverage of this production.
On the Stephen King Message Board, the sixth-annual collaborative Hallowe'en Short Story has begun. It's too late to write a section — the story's written — but you can join the board and enjoy each installment as it's posted.
Stephen King News Roundup: September 23
Lots of news this week, so let's get right to it!
First off, the Stephen King site provided more details this week on the book tour for the new 11/22/63. So far, the announced events include Octavia Books in New Orleans on November 12 and November 14 at Barnes & Noble in Sarasota, FL.
The Savannah Book Festival also announced an appearance by King in February 2012.
And, of course, Stephen King speaks tonight as the headline attraction at the Fall for the Book festival in the Washington DC area. The Kingcast has a correspondent in the audience, so there may be a report from the event coming up…
In honour of Pennywise being our new roundup anchor, I should cover this interview. A new blog to me named October Country (love that name!) interviews Brian Freeman of Cemetery Dance Publications about their upcoming 25th anniversary edition of "It." Great interview. I'm looking forward to becoming better acquainted with October Country.
King's birthday this week occasioned a number of pieces. The "Screen Junkies" site posted a capsule bio this week; nothing new, but nothing outrageously wrong, either. Writer Kathy Ceceri posted her essay "Happy Birthday Stephen King, writing instructor extraordinaire" on Wired.com. Number One Fans may take issue with some of her points, but can wholeheartedly support her conclusion:
"The work of Stephen King isn't just a terrific way to pass the time; they're great lessons in how to write fiction. So Happy Birthday, Stephen King! Your fans, unwitting or not, salute you."
A t-shirt site posted a funny mashup of Ronald McDonald and Pennywise for a limited-time sale. I've got my order in:
Speaking of images, Boing Boing writer Mark Frauenfelder posted a series of his favorite images from the "Monster Brains" site, profiling some great monster and science fiction comic books.
NPR published a list of listeners' 100 top science-fiction / fantasy books. While King fanatics might be offended by the list not being composed ENTIRELY of his works, two did make the list: The Dark Tower at #23 and The Stand at #25. My guess? Too many contenders diluting the voting pool.
Movies and TV were also under scrutiny this week. Oh No They Didn't (Livejournal shoutout!) profiled 13 upcoming King movie projects, while Digital Spy posted an interview with Melissa George, who is currently playing Mattie Devore in the Bag of Bones miniseries. And the ever-useful Talk Stephen King blog posted a summary of upcoming projects.
You may remember a Kingcast interview with Nicole Christian, who wrote her own version of "Barn Dance" from Bag of Bones. Well, indie record label Alonetone has just published a whole album inspired by The Talisman. "Sunny, sorta…" is a collection of 12 songs by artists on the label. It fits the mood of the book pretty well, I think. The songs are free for streaming or download. I'm sure the performers would appreciate your support. Here's one of my favorites from the collection, Queen of the World:
And finally, the New York City site of Examiner profiled a new collection of fashion inspired by the Dark Tower series. The Luminaa collection, from Texas designer Dorothy Williams, has the theme "Live in a world of cowboys and robots." Pretty nice looking clothes, if you ask me. But what do I know? Judge for yourself if this is something Susan Delgado would wear to a dance in Barony House, or Susannah Dean to dinner with the old folks in Lud :
SK News roundup for September 16
The week in King-related news continues to focus on three main areas: 11/22/63, Mile 81, and TV productions.
- Simon & Schuster whetted the appetite of many with an excerpt from 11/22/63 released on their site. The excerpt contains the line "I came awake with a jerk", which always creates a vivid — and likely unintended — image in my mind. A browse through Amazon also shows a "special signed edition" (no price), an audio version read by Craig Wasson (who you may remember as Don Wanderley in Ghost Story), and I read at "The Noob News" that an e-book version will include a special short film written and directed by King.
- Both the US and UK covers have been released now. Which do you prefer?
- The official "book trailer" for 11/22/63 was released last Saturday. Take a look:
Stephen King 11.22.63 – Book Trailer from Jamie Childs on Vimeo.
- As time ticks down to the November 8 release of 11/22/63, it now appears that a production deal for a movie version has already been signed, with Jonathan Demme (Silence of the Lambs) as director.
Mile 81
- The release of Mile 81 wasn't the only thing new about the King bibliography. The e-book was also pitched as a "Klout perk." Klout is a tool that attempts to measure someone's influence in social networks like Twitter or Facebook, and companies are more frequently providing "perks" to those with big enough Klout numbers. This was the first e-book perk to my knowledge. The "Ology" website reviewed the Mile 81 release with particular attention to the 11/22/63 preview.
- According to the Hollywood Reporter, the SyFy / Showcase / Global TV show Haven is in some trouble after Showcase put it in danger of cancellation on that channel. The Kingcast will be speaking to actor Lucas Bryant, who plays Nathan Wuornos, soon. Hopefully, there won't be bad news to share.
- You may be thinking that Atlanta next spring is the only place to enjoy some Stephen King-related theatre. But I say NO! The Bournemouth International Centre in the United Kingdom has a production of Misery opening October 5. The play was scripted by Emmy-winning writer Simon Moore and toured the UK in its initial production in 2002.
- The pilot episode of "Locke & Key", based on the book by Joe Hill, is making the rounds in Hollywood, and Huffington Post entertainment blogger Kris LoPresto wants to start a movement to get it a network placement. By all accounts, a screening at ComicCon got a great response.
- Ron Howard has apparently signed to direct a movie version of Davis Guggenheim's comic book 364, about a man with superpowers one day of each year. No news on a Dark Tower resurrection.
On this day…
Like many thousands of people, I've been thinking about what happened ten years ago today. I also was reminded today by a post at the Talk Stephen King blog that King, too, was obviously affected by the terrorist attacks of September 11.
His 2008 story collection Just After Sunset contains three stories which touch on the events of September 11, and in the Dark Tower series, Black Thirteen, the black piece of the Wizard's Rainbow, is stored in a locker at the World Trade Centre, where it will be undisturbed by anyone and safe… supposedly.
In any case, back to the short stories. "The Things They Left Behind" is the most directly related to 9/11. It's a poignant tale about loss, guilt, and the reaction of human beings to trauma.
"Graduation Afternoon" is a very different sort of tale — a dark fantasy of an apocalyptic graduation afternoon across the river from Manhattan when some very complacent people are confronted by the ultimate horror of a mushroom cloud obliterating the city.
And "The New York Times at Special Bargain Rates" is the tale of a ghostly telephone call and a woman in mourning for her lost husband. It's the most tangentially related to 9/11, but I include it here because I think it was inspired by the hijackings.
The collection as a whole is a great one, if melancholy in tone (with the exception of "A Very Tight Place"). I would highly recommend it, especially as an introduction to King for those who think he's just a spookmeister. There is a lot to contemplate in these stories.
The very worthwhile "Dollar Baby" program (for more details, check out episode 5 when I spoke to J.P. Scott, director of the dollar-baby version of Everything's Eventual, about the program) currently has a movie version of The Things They Left Behind in circulation at various film festivals. You can find information about it at this Facebook page. Here's the trailer.
Let's remember that even when hatred drives people to awful deeds, love is still far more powerful.
I'm not much of a troublemaker, apparently
I wasn't really trying to drive a wedge between the King and Straub families by turning their children against each other. But man. For the progeny to be so nice… What a disappointment.
News: Bag of Bones second SK project being shot this summer
Nova Scotia is becoming a hotbed of Stephen King-related production, with two projects underway this summer in "Canada's Ocean Playground."
Season 2 of the SyFy series "Haven" is being shot in Lunenburg and Mahone Bay. The series, loosely based on "Bag of Bones: 10th Anniversary EditionStephen King Mystery & Thrillers Books) ">Bag of Bones" (affiliate link) will shoot somewhere in the province (I'm working on finding out where!), and has made some impressive announcements so far, with the cast including Pierce Brosnan, Annabeth Gish (who previously worked on the TV treatment of Kelly Rowland, and most recently Melissa George.
Hoping that I'll have some more content to share about both these productions in the next few weeks.
2011 is the year of the Stephen King Challenge!
British book blogger Book Chick has a great idea on her site. It's the 2011 Stephen King Challenge. What's the deal? Pretty simple, really. She wants to expand her reading of King, and wants other people to do the same. So you can pledge to read 6 or 12 King novels over the course of 2011.
She's designed a great button, featuring the friendly face of Mr. Bob Gray, also known as Pennywise, to put on participating websites. You can see mine over there on the right side.
I'm going to participate, and I'm hoping to read the one or two novels I haven't read. Rage and Dead Zone come to mind. And then I'll reread others.
Just go to her site to join the fun. And I'm hoping to reach out to Book Chick to see if she'd like to join me on the Kingcast for an interview.
News roundup: October 28, 2010
This is the first of what I think will be weekly news roundups of all things King and King-related. If you have comments on how I'm doing this, I would really appreciate them. If it doesn't interest you guys, then what's the point? On to the news!
The future of publishing: in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, King talks about the world of e-books. (Keep in mind that he first published an e-book way back in 2000!). He notes that the experience is "more ephemeral", but also mentions he's found the search capability useful at least once, while doing research. He also tells the Journal that his Kindle-only novella Ur has made him $80K. Here's an interview from the launch of Ur, posted at GalleyCat:
Annual Hallowe'en collaborative story: Stephen King's official website hosts a large and active message board. Members (including me) collaborated to develop a Halloween story that was a bit of a homage to many of King's themes. You can find the board and the story thread at the Stephen King presence.
The Walking Dead: Frequent King adapter Frank Darabont (The Shawshank Redemption, The Mist, The Green Mile) is premiering a new zombie series on AMC called The Walking Dead. Lots of media around this, including The Onion AV Club and Time magazine.
Full Dark, No Stars special edition: Cemetery Dance has announced a special edition of the new collection of novellas for the collector's market. The $75 (US) edition will have sixteen illustrations by five artists. I've no doubt you're all thinking about who gets to give me my copy. Meanwhile, we normal humans will have to wait until November 9 for the regular edition.
Dark Tower movie release date set: According to Comicbookmovie.com, Universal Pictures has set Friday, May 17, 2013 as the release date for the first feature film based on the Dark Tower series. The plan is for three feature films and a TV series — sort of a Lord of the Rings on steroids. Not much more detail on things yet, from the badly out-of-date Imagine site (Ron Howard and Brian Grazer's production company) or the NBC Universal site.


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American Diabetes Association Applauds Congressional Support for the National Diabetes Prevention Program
Alexandria ,
July 27, 2011
The American Diabetes Association applauds Representatives Susan Davis (D, CA-53) and Reid Ribble (R, WI-8) for leading the way in calling for a federal investment in the National Diabetes Prevention Program, a nationwide resource of community-based programs that work to Stop Diabetes®. The representatives, along with 101 bipartisan members of Congress, sent a letter to Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, of the Department of Health and Human Services, calling attention to the diabetes epidemic and the vital role that the National Diabetes Prevention Program plays in protecting the health of our nation.
"The American Diabetes Association is proud to stand with Congress to call attention to the needed investment in the National Diabetes Prevention Program," said Robert R. Henry, MD, President, Medicine & Science, American Diabetes Association. "Diabetes is a serious and costly disease, but research has demonstrated that with certain lifestyle interventions, type 2 diabetes is largely preventable. This program is a win-win—improving health and quality of life while reducing long-term health care spending —and it is vital in our efforts to Stop Diabetes."
Diabetes is a growing epidemic that is taking a devastating physical, emotional and financial toll on our country. Nearly 26 million Americans have diabetes and another 79 million have prediabetes, putting them at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. This serious illness and its complications, including prediabetes and gestational diabetes, cost our nation an estimated $218 billion annually and is a threat to both the health and fiscal stability of the country.
"With millions of Americans at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, we have the ability to give them the hope and knowledge to make the healthy choices necessary to prevent diabetes." said Rep. Davis. "The National Diabetes Prevention Program is designed after a proven program. I'm proud of the strong showing from House members on the need to jumpstart this program and take a proactive role in diabetes prevention."
Though the statistics are alarming, the National Diabetes Prevention Program provides the tools and resources needed to help fight this epidemic. Passed into law in 2010, the National Diabetes Prevention Program has been found to dramatically reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The program is based on the successful outcome of a groundbreaking clinical trial, the Diabetes Prevention Program, carried out by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease at the National Institute of Health. This study found that with lifestyle changes and moderate weight loss, individuals with prediabetes can reduce risk for type 2 diabetes by 58 percent and in people over 60, the number rose to 71 percent.
The goal of the National Diabetes Prevention Program is to prevent diabetes by building a national network of community programs to offer support and guidance to those at risk. It is designed to bring this evidence-based lifestyle intervention into communities to prevent diabetes. Currently operating as a public-private partnership, a strong federal investment is needed to allow this program to become a true national network capable of reaching the majority of Americans at risk. A true federal investment in this program will result in improved health for millions of Americans and also yield significant cost savings. In a 2009 report, the Urban Institute predicted the country could save as much as $190 billion over 10 years by bringing this community-based diabetes prevention program to scale. As much as 75 percent of the savings are projected to be recouped by Medicare and Medicaid.
"Having a family member with diabetes has certainly increased my awareness and concern for this disease. As a member of Congress, I now have the platform and opportunity to work with the amazing people at the American Diabetes Association who are dedicated in helping the millions living with diabetes," said Rep. Ribble. "I strongly support the National Diabetes Prevention Program because it is a groundbreaking program that incentivizes people in the prevention of this disease through exercise and a healthy, balanced diet. I believe the National Diabetes Prevention Program has the potential to not only change lifestyles and decrease future healthcare costs, but most importantly save lives and give families hope for a longer future with their loved ones."
About the American Diabetes Association
More than 29 million Americans have diabetes, and every 23 seconds another person is diagnosed with diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (Association) is the global authority on diabetes and since 1940 has been committed to its mission to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. To tackle this global public health crisis, the Association drives discovery in research to treat, manage and prevent all types of diabetes, as well as to search for cures; raises voice to the urgency of the diabetes epidemic; and provides support and advocacy for people living with diabetes, those at risk of developing diabetes and the health care professionals who serve them. For more information, please call the American Diabetes Association at 1-800-DIABETESS (1-800-342-2383) or visit diabetes.org. Information from both of these sources is available in English and Spanish. Find us on Facebook (American Diabetes Association), Twitter (@AmDiabetesAssn) and Instagram (@AmDiabetesAssn)


text: Why Do People at the Golden Globes Keep Calling Hidden Figures 'Hidden Fences'?Gabrielle Bluestone1/08/17 9:45pmFiled to: golden globesviola davishidden figureshidden fences1356EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkThere are plenty of movies up for awards tonight most people haven't seen—show me someone who heard of Lion before the broadcast began and I'll show you a liar or a member of the Hollywood Foreign Press. But one familiar-sounding movie that keeps coming up is one that never existed at all: Hidden Fences.AdvertisementThe title is a conflation of two of the year's biggest films with black leads—Hidden Figures, starring Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer, and Janelle Monáe; and Fences, starring Viola Davis and Denzel Washington. Incredibly, they are very different movies.Still, "Hidden Fences" came up at least twice during the pre- and official Golden Globes broadcast, first dropped by alleged red carpet correspondent Jenna Bush Hager in an interview with an incredulous Pharrell; and then again by Michael Keaton, while announcing the nominees for best actress in a drama.It did not go unnoticed.Gabrielle Bluestone@g_bluestoneNews Editor at JezebelReply135 repliesLeave a reply


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The Dial 4780 Distributor Insert Plug (5 per card) is a highly-reliable, durable product from Dial. This kit fits 3-way side, 4-way down, 6-way side, and 8-way down by using an 8-way down distributor with up to 5 insert plugs and MEK solvent.
Product: | |
Use: | Evaporative Cooler |
Mpn # | 4780 |
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16 Crockpot Recipes for the Autumn Season
I love cooking in the fall. I don't enjoy cooking at any other time, but for some reason I'm OK with it during the autumn season.
One thing I appreciate, during these busy homeschool days, is the ability to use the crockpot. There's something so wonderful about coming home from a day of activities, nature studies or field trips to find dinner is ready and waiting for us.
With that in mind, I have gotten together with some friends to put together this collection of crockpot recipes for the fall season. These foods are sure to warm your bones when the temperatures drop.


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Four groups shortlisted for Jeddah Airport
Published Date
April 6- Saudi Arabia has shortlisted four groups for a $2.4 billion project to build and operate facilities linked to an airport in Jeddah, said a Saudi aviation authority official. The project, titled the Airport City Project, will take about 10 years to be completed and will attract $5.86 billion in investments, said Alaa Samman, director of business development for domestic airports at the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA). The bidders will be announced in August, he added.
According to the details, the plan also includes a private airport in Madinah at a cost of $1.6 billion, making it the first private airport in the city. Meanwhile, two other airport cities will be built in Riyadh, and Dammam. "We will also award the tender of Riyadh's airport city this year and next year we will award that of Dammam," added Samman.
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Business Hours
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Celebrating 14 years on 5th Avenue. Ladies Fashion and Shoes for people who have a sense of humor and strive for the unusual. Huge selection of Onex Shoes and specializing in NARROW feet starting from size 4-13. From comfort walking shoes to 6 inch Swarovski crystal heels. Also, ask about our bunion remover! European clothes that are stylish, classy and innovative for people who expect unique. Don't miss this store, you are in for a treat!


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Give us a call to get our secret deals 1-800-468-3578
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With a stay at Embassy Suites Flagstaff in Flagstaff (Old Town Flagstaff), you'll be convenient to Riordon Mansion and Lowell Observatory. This hotel is within close proximity of Northern Arizona University and Flagstaff City Hall.
Make yourself at home in one of the 119 air-conditioned rooms featuring kitchenettes with refrigerators and microwaves. 42-inch flat-screen televisions with cable programming provide entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Conveniences include phones, as well as desks and complimentary weekday newspapers.
Take advantage of recreational opportunities offered, including an outdoor pool, a spa tub, and a fitness center. This hotel also features complimentary wireless Internet access, gift shops/newsstands, and a fireplace in the lobby.
Take advantage of the hotel's room service (during limited hours). Mingle with other guests at a complimentary reception, held daily. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a 24-hour business center, express check-out, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Planning an event in Flagstaff? This hotel has facilities measuring 650 square feet (60 square meters), including a meeting room. Free self parking is available onsite.


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Anaeme v. United States of America, et al.
Chibueze C. Anaeme
SANDAG, San Diego Vintage Trolley, Inc., Veolia Verkehr, Connex, San Diego Metropolitan Transit System, San Diego Trolley, Inc., San Diego Transit Corporation, San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway Company, San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency Forensic Services Unit, Heritage Security Services, Transit System Security, Fort Heritage Courier Service, Veolia Environment, San Diego County Sheriffs' Department, San Diego Unified Port District, Office of the City Attorney, City of San Diego, Office of Assigned Counsel, Office of the Public Defender, United States of America, Public Storage, Inc., State of California, San Diego County, San Diego Police Department, North County Transit District, Veolia Transportation Services, Inc., Veolia Environmental Services, Veolia Transport, California State Police and San Diego Harbor Police
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May 23, 2012
Georgia Northern District Court
Atlanta Office
XX US, Outside State
Presiding Judge:
Amy Totenberg
Nature of Suit:
Other Fraud
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Jury Demanded By:
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The Rawlings School of Divinity's Master of Arts in Religion (M.A.R.) — Homiletics program provides a solid foundation for individuals who have a passion to preach the Word of God. Students will gain a broad understating of the fundamental principles of the Christian faith, including the Bible, Christianity, Christian theology, and the Christian Church. Program-specific courses provide students with an in-depth knowledge regarding the following subjects: Expository Preaching, Evangelistic Preaching, Preaching from the Old Testament, and Preaching from the New Testament.


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Auction House: Weapons - Staves Laevateinn
(Staff) All Races DMG:90 DLY:402 Lv.90 BLMAccuracy+30 Magic Accuracy+10 Magic Attack Bonus+50 Enhances "Elemental Seal" effect Vidohunir Aftermath: Inc. Mag. Acc./Mag. Atk. Aftermath: Occ. Attacks Twice
Enhances "Elemental Seal" Effect
Vidohunir Damage
Historical InformationPassed down for generations in the myths and stories of the peoples of the north is the World Tree motif, known to those intimately versed in such tales as Yggdrasill. One obscure legend tells of an ambitious Gigas who ventured to the center of the tree to obtain the single branch fabled to grow there, the "Branch of Ruin." Known to sprout only the seemingly lifeless, skeletal frames of leaves in place of lush foliage, he plucked it at its base and made his way to the lands of the Dvergar, whom he commissioned to fashion the branch into Laevateinn. Laevateinn, or "Levatine," is a mythical sword from Norse mythology, also known as the "Wounding Wand" or the "Staff of Destruction". The elf Volund had forged a sword so lethal that it imperiled the very gods themselves. The sword was taken from Volund, brought to Asgard, and passed into the hands of the god Freyr, who traded Laevateinn for the hand of the giantess Gerðr. At Ragnarok, Surtr (the lord of the fire giants) wielded Laevateinn and severed the roots of the world tree Yggdrasil, instigating the destruction of the universe. Freyr would ultimately fall to his own blade during Ragnarok at Surtr's hand.
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Joel Oliva, program manager at the National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO), will discuss everything you need to know about the personnel qualification requirements in OSHA's Crane Rule. New requirements for signalpersons and riggers are in effect now, and others for crane operators become effective in 2014. Be sure to register for this seminar to learn more about the new requirements.
This seminar, OSHA Updates: Hazard Materials, Silica Dust, and Crane Operators, will be presented by Joel Oliva at the World of Concrete 2013.


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Used by such top artists as Adrian Young, Thomas Lang, Cora Coleman, Danny Seraphine and Thomas Pridgen, the Ahead Armor Cases feature an innovative teardrop shape along with several additional breakthroughs in drum case design and construction. Ahead Armor Padded tom drum bags distributed by Big Bang Distribution set a standard for strength and security. These drummer-friendly cases not only advance the state-of-the-art, they offer drummers today's most progressive system for safeguarding their instruments.
The advantages of Armor cases begin with their unique shape. Employing Revolution's patented "TruForm" design, the shape of each case corresponds to the "true" shape of the drum plus its mounting hardware. This universal, teardrop design allows a much snugger drum fit.
Armor cases incorporate Ahead's exclusive "DX-Core". The drum-hugging DX-Core provides the stiffness of two layers of high-impact foam padding plus the softness of premium-grade Sherpa Fleece lining. This increases both the shock-absorption of the bags and the protection of the drums. Yet, the plush interior of each case is complemented by the strength and durability of a virtually indestructible, weather-resistant, water-proof, double-stitched, 600-denier, and polyester fabric exterior.
New Zealand's widest range of musical instrument products. All the best brands at the very best price, guaranteed. With secure credit card processing, direct credit payment, online HP applications and so much more... © 2013 NZ Rockshop. All Rights Reserved.


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One thing I can't stress enough is how important the feedback was from my readers. If no one had cared about what I was doing, I can't say with certainty that I would have finished. All the positive comments kept me going during times when I wanted to quit, and for that, I thank all of you. Also, I definitely couldn't have finished without the support and input from the "GF" I mentioned a million times during the blog. She encouraged me to keep going when it was the last thing on earth I wanted to do, and for that I'll always be thankful.
Several people have asked me what I plan to do with all this information once I'm done. I'm toying around with a couple of ideas, but even if those don't materialize, I'll always have the satisfaction of what I accomplished. I learned more about food that I ever imagined to, and that's really what the goal was all along. In addition, I committed to doing something every single day for a year, and I succeeded. It feels great to have put it behind me so I don't have to think about it anymore. I cannot tell you how much I'm looking forward to eating like a normal person again, without scanning every market or menu for my next possible blog entry.
Enough talk - on to the last new food! I chose today's entry to be the last because of its ties to what I ate on day 1. Remember the Korean blood sausage called "soon dae" that was my first entry? Well, my last new food is yet another unusual Korean sausage, and I feel like I've now come full circle. There are few things I love more than interesting sausage-y things, especially ones made with off-the-wall ingredients, and this one definitely fits that bill. Strangely, it somehow made sense to end with something similar to what I began with.
I didn't even know fish sausage existed until I saw this Korean import during my last trip to the Buford Highway Farmers Market. Several different styles were available, but I chose the one flavored with black garlic. It had a sort of light tan color that resembled bologna more than a fish product, and it was made from surimi, which is also what's used to make imitation crab (or "krab"). Surimi isn't an actual fish - it refers to a "fish-based food product that has been pulverized to a thick paste and has the property of becoming a dense and rubbery food item when cooked." Kind of like a fish hot dog - thanks, Wikipedia.
Despite yesterday's disaster with cooking the souse, I decided to try pan-frying a couple slices of this one since I wasn't sure if it was pre-cooked. Luckily, it didn't immediately disintegrate when hitting the hot pan like the souse did. Each slice was fairly firm to start with, and I managed to brown each one on both sides after a couple minutes of cooking. Once they were ready, I took one out of the pan and took a bite. Not bad. The flavor reminded me a lot of "krab," with a sweet, slightly fishy taste that was actually pretty good. I didn't detect much garlic, but there was a mild saltiness that didn't bother me at all. Texture-wise, it was similar to a hot dog, and it took my brain a few seconds to register that I wasn't eating one. I'm not sure how this product is traditionally eaten (alone? in a dish?), but I found a recipe for breading and pan-frying it that sounded good. Maybe I'll try that.
Well, folks...that's it. I'm done. Once, again, thank you so much for all the support and comments over the last year - they both mean a lot. I know a lot of you have expressed interest in what's next, so here's what's going on. The whoeatsthatstuff.blogspot.com site will remain as is, but I'm rebooting the whole project at a new address (www.whoeatsthatstuff.wordpress.com). Check there in a few days for more information on what comes next. I'm going to continue blogging about all the new foods I try, but unlike this blog, there will be far less rules, some different content, and first and foremost, no daily posting. I plan on having something up this week, so please check back with me soon. And, as usual, I'll be regularly updating on Facebook and Twitter.
I usually don't type in all caps, but here it goes...I"M FINISHED!!


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Quinceanera Spotlight, Item# QI7003CC
Note: Sparkles are simulated and will not light up.
Quinceanera Spotlight, Item# QI7003CC
Note: Sparkles are simulated and will not light up.
Quinceanera Spotlight Thank You Card
Quinceanera Spotlight Envelope Seals
Quinceanera Spotlight Return Address Labels
Quinceanera Spotlight Postage Stamps Sheet
Place Card
Photo Rectangular Sticker Favor Label
Photo Playing Cards
"Quinceanera Spotlight" features a beautiful girl smiling in her gorgeous white Quinceanera dress. She is holding a bouquet of flowers, and is featured over a colored background in three shades of the hue to further highlight the smiling beauty. An inner thin white border completes the design.
You will be able to select the typestyle and ink colors to use for your personalized text during the design process. Start by clicking on the green CUSTOMIZE WORDING button. We recommend using the default typestyle and ink colors.
Estimated Postage Required: | $0.49 stamp - if other items are not added into the Envelope. Click here for additional postage information. |
Item Type: | Flat Card |
Card Dimensions: | 5.25" x 7.5" (W x H) |
Printing Process: | Digital Press |
Paper Weight: | Multiple Stock Options |
Typestyle Shown: | Copper and Shelley Volante |
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Envelopes: | White Envelopes included. Printed return address and/or Calligraphy is available for an additional cost. |
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Men's crew neck t-shirt, made in Australia, 100% cotton, screen printed by hand, original hand-drawn design by Hamb.
SIZE GUIDE: Size S: chest 102cm, length 67cm Size M: chest 108cm, length 69cm Size L: chest 114cm, length 70cm Size XL: chest 118cm, length 72cm Size XXL: chest 124cm, length 74cm
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Boston Soul Survivors
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Classic Northern and Motown. Haven High School, Boston, Lincs.
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Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 37.6973442 Longitude: -80.5247958
Share your comments and photos of Hokes Mill Covered Bridge, a Bridge in Greenbrier County, WV
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Bridge: Hokes Mill Covered Bridge
Populated Place: Hokes Mill
School: Mann School (historical) , Spider Den School (historical)
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Time to build: 0.0470 Secs | Cached: 25-Mar-17 10:00 AM