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Brienne Tarth
Brienne the Blue, of the Rainbow Guard. Art by quickreaver© | |
| |
Alias | Brienne of Tarth The Maid of Tarth Brienne the Beauty Brienne the Blue |
Allegiance | House Tarth House Baratheon of Storm's End Rainbow Guard House Tully |
Born | In 280 AC[1] |
Book(s) | A Clash of Kings (appears) A Storm of Swords (appears) A Feast for Crows (POV) A Dance with Dragons (appears) |
| |
Played by | Gwendoline Christie |
TV series | Season 2 | Season 3 | Season 4 | Season 5 | Season 6 |
Brienne Tarth,[2] commonly called Brienne of Tarth,[3] is the only living child and heir of Selwyn Tarth, Lord of Evenfall and head of House Tarth.[4] Brienne is sometimes called the Maid of Tarth[5] and mocked as Brienne the Beauty.[6] In the television adaptation Game of Thrones she is portrayed by Gwendoline Christie.
Appearance and Character
- See also: Images of Brienne of Tarth
Brienne is distinctly unfeminine in appearance, and is considered extremely unattractive by Westerosi standards. She is very tall, muscular, flat-chested and ungainly, with straw-colored hair and broad, coarse features that are covered in freckles. Her teeth are prominent and crooked, and after her capture by the Brave Companions, two of them are knocked out. Her mouth is wide, her lips are swollen, and her nose has been broken more than once. Despite her overall ugliness, Jaime Lannister notices that her large blue eyes are surprisingly pretty and shine with confidence in battle.
When asked about her height, George R. R. Martin replied:
" | Brienne is well over six feet tall, but not close to seven, no. Just off the top of my head, I would say Brienne is taller than Renly and Jaime and significantly heavier than either, but nowhere near the size of Gregor Clegane, who is the true giant in the series. Shorter than Hodor and the Greatjon, maybe a bit shorter than the Hound, maybe roughly the same height as Robert.[7] | " |
Brienne has spent most of her life as the object of scorn, rejection and – at best – pity. When she tried to dress and act like a proper lady, she was met with mockery and disdain for her unattractive appearance and lack of feminine social graces; when she turned to a career more suited to her talents as a warrior, she received only contempt and resentment for her gender despite her considerable skill.
Perhaps because of this background, Brienne is as awkward in personality as she is in appearance; Catelyn Stark notices that she has none of the easy confidence of some other warrior women, like Dacey Mormont. She yearns for respect and acceptance from others, and easily gives her love and loyalty to the few people who treat her with any degree of genuine courtesy. Renly Baratheon, Catelyn Stark and Jaime Lannister are among those who have won Brienne's friendship and service in this manner.
She can be headstrong and judgmental, but she is also honest, straightforward, loyal and determined. Although she has received extremely poor treatment from most knights, Brienne clings to a naively idealized concept of knighthood. Despite – or perhaps because of – the fact that she has no expectation of ever being recognized by society for her accomplishments, she nevertheless strives to live up to the ideal of a true knight at all times.
Brienne was born the eldest daughter of Lord Selwyn Tarth, Lord of Evenfall Hall, on the island of Tarth. Her mother died when she was so young that she does not remember her.[8] She had a single older brother, Galladon, who drowned when she was eight, and two younger sisters, both of whom died in the cradle. This makes her the only living offspring of Lord Selwyn, a fact that naturally encouraged him to find a suitable match for her. Given her ugly and ungainly appearance and attitude, however, the task was a difficult one, especially since Brienne was bent on a martial life rather than a marital one, more comfortable with a sword than in the company of court society. She was tutored by her septa, Roelle, and had the equivalent of a knight's training by a master-at-arms named Ser Goodwin.
Her father successfully found three men willing to betroth her, for her father's wealthy lands, though they all fell through. A younger son of Lord Bryen Caron was Brienne's first betrothed. They met only once, on the occasion of their betrothal, when she was seven and he was ten. The boy died two years later from a chill, along with his father, mother and sisters. Had he not died, Brienne would have been wed to him within the year of her first flowering.[9] The second betrothal was to Ser Ronnet Connington, who was six years older than her. On their meeting, Red Ronnet gave her a rose, and told her it was all she would have of him, breaking the betrothal.[10] The last man Brienne was betrothed to, Ser Humfrey Wagstaff, warned her he would insist she act womanly once they were wed. Though only sixteen, Brienne replied she would only accept such a demand from a man who could beat her in combat. In the effort, Ser Humfrey ended up with three broken bones and a broken betrothal.
After that, Lord Selwyn stopped trying to arrange a marriage for her.[11] Brienne's only positive encounter with a man occurred when the Tarths' liege lord, Renly Baratheon, visited their island during his coming of age tour. He crossed paths with Brienne and treated her courteously, and she fell in love with him.[9] Some time later, Lord Selwyn sent her to Storm's End. [12]
Recent Events
A Clash of Kings
When Renly Baratheon declares himself king at Highgarden, Brienne joins him in his march to King's Landing.[3] She also attends his marriage to Margaery Tyrell, which greatly saddens her.[13] In Renly's camp, Brienne is continuously mocked. Some of the young knights wager on who will be the first to get her maidenhead, until Lord Randyll Tarly puts an end to it, warning Brienne that her very presence is the cause of the problem.[6]
Later in the march, Brienne proves her mettle with a morningstar in a great melee of 116 knights at Bitterbridge, defeating Loras Tyrell, the Knight of Flowers, as well as many of her mocking suitors. She asks to join the Rainbow Guard as her prize, becoming Brienne the Blue. She sharply reminds Catelyn Stark of the courtesy due a king, and is later dismayed when Renly denies the need for an escort for a stroll after the night's feast.[3]
At Renly's parley with his brother Stannis at the siege of Storm's End, Brienne is his standard-bearer. After the negotiations fail, she is assigned to do the same in the upcoming clash, riding in the vanguard alongside Loras.[14] The next day at dawn, she is arming the king for battle against his brother when a shadow enters his tent and assassinates him. Brienne is accused of the murder, but Catelyn is able to convince those present that she is innocent and takes Brienne with her when she flees the camp.[15] When they arrive at Riverrun, Brienne wants to leave to take revenge on Stannis for Renly's death, but Catelyn convinces Brienne to enter her service instead.[16] Brienne is present when Lady Stark speaks with the Kingslayer, Ser Jaime Lannister, in his cell, and grants Catelyn her sword when it is asked for.[17]
A Storm of Swords
At Riverrun, after receiving news that her sons Bran and Rickon Stark have been killed, Catelyn decides to free Jaime Lannister, making Brienne escort him to King's Landing to fulfill the promise made by the Hand, Tyrion Lannister, to return her daughters Sansa and Arya if the Kingslayer were freed.[18]
Brienne defends Jaime ably. She learns much of his history that is little known to Westeros at large and the two develop a grudging respect for each other. They make for the city by boat, throwing off pursuit from Riverrun when Brienne scales a cliff and rolls boulders onto Ser Robin Ryger's pursuing galley,[19] after which they continue by land.[20] At the Inn of the Kneeling Man, Brienne's wariness prevents the group from taking the innkeeper's travel advice, as he is in league with bandits and is attempting to lead them into ambush. Later, in the Crownlands between Maidenpool and Duskendale, they are ambushed by different outlaws. Their companion, Jaime's cousin Cleos Frey, is killed and Jaime tries to escape, dueling Brienne with Cleos's sword. Manacled and out of practice, Jaime cannot manage to beat Brienne, who is holding his head underwater when they are captured by the Brave Companions.[21]
The unscrupulous sellswords chop off Jaime's sword hand.[21] His fighting ability truly gone, Jaime despairs for his life, but Brienne convinces him to live for revenge. In turn, Jaime prevents Zollo, Rorge and Shagwell, three of the Companions, from raping Brienne.[22] At Harrenhal, the two share a bath and several tales including the wildfire plot, which Jaime reveals to Brienne. Lord Roose Bolton sends Jaime on his way, but keeps Brienne as Vargo Hoat's prize.[23] Jaime, however, soon returns and rescues her from the bearpit of Harrenhal.[24]
After their arrival in King's Landing, the pair are confronted by Loras Tyrell, who still believes Brienne guilty of Renly's regicide. Jaime has Brienne arrested for her own protection,[25] and he arranges for Loras to speak to her;[26] this finally dispels Brienne's blame. After Catelyn's death at the Red Wedding, Jaime entrusts Brienne with the Valyrian steel longsword given to him by his father Tywin, naming it Oathkeeper. He sends her out to seek the vanished Sansa Stark, to fulfill his promise to Lady Catelyn. As Oathkeeper was forged from the metal of Eddard Stark's greatsword, Ice, Brienne is using Stark steel to rescue the Stark girl. Along with this, Jaime gives her two bags full of coin, a mail hauberk, a Lothston shield, and a letter signed by King Tommen Baratheon saying that she is on a royal mission.[5]
A Feast for Crows
Brienne begins her search at Duskendale, where she allows Podrick Payne, the squire of Lady Sansa's husband Tyrion Lannister, to join her quest. She also has her shield repainted to the arms of Ser Duncan the Tall. She thinks of Lady Catelyn and what she had told Brienne of her daughters. She swears to Catelyn's restless shade that she will never stop looking for Sansa:
" | I will find her, my lady. I will never stop looking. I will give up my life if need be, give up my honour, give up all my dreams, but I will find her.[11] | " |
Her next stop is at Maidenpool, which she only enters with the unwanted aid of Ser Hyle Hunt, one of the knights who had mockingly courted her in Renly's camp. There she finds Lord Randyll Tarly dispensing justice; he begrudgingly allows her to continue her search. At the Stinking Goose she meets Nimble Dick Crabb, who leads her after "a fool", whom she believes is Dontos Hollard, who might have Sansa with him.
Traveling through Crackclaw Point, the trio arrive at the Whispers, the ruined hall of Nimble Dick's ancestors, encountering a band of Brave Companions remnants led by the fool, who is actually Shagwell, the psychotic jester. Shagwell kills Dick. Using Oathkeeper, Brienne manages to kill Pyg and Timeon, and forces Shagwell to dig a grave for Dick; she kills him as well when he turns on her. After the fight Hyle Hunt joins her party, having followed her from Maidenpool. [27]
Following the sellswords' information, Brienne heads back to the riverlands to find Sandor Clegane, who was reported to be with a girl, unbeknownst to her to be the wrong daughter. At Maidenpool they join with Meribald, an itinerant septon, who accompanies them to Saltpans. From there she visits the nearby Quiet Isle, where the Elder Brother assures her that the Hound is dead.
At the inn at the crossroads near the Trident, Brienne fights another group of Brave Companions led by Rorge, who has been masquerading as Sandor while raping and murdering in the riverlands. Brienne kills Rorge, but is grievously wounded by Biter, who chews the flesh off her cheek.[28] After Gendry rescues her from Biter, he and the remaining members of the brotherhood without banners take her and Podrick and Hyle captive.
The undead Catelyn Stark, now leading the brotherhood as "Lady Stoneheart", does not believe Brienne's tale of her search for Sansa and judges her to be a traitor who is serving the Lannisters. Brienne is given the choice of "sword or noose"—to kill Jaime Lannister to prove her loyalty, or to hang. Brienne refuses to choose and is sentenced to hang, along with her companions. As she is being hanged, she sees Podrick Payne choking and dying, and shouts "sword" to save him.[29][30]
A Dance with Dragons
Having been spared by the brotherhood, Brienne appears briefly at Pennytree when Jaime camps there. She asks Jaime to help her save Sansa Stark from the Hound, claiming they are a day's ride away. She tells Jaime, however, that he must go with her alone, or the Hound will kill Sansa.[31] The scenario she describes, however, seems unlikely to be real, as Sansa was last seen by readers in the Vale,[32] and Brienne has been told Sandor Clegane is dead (though Brienne herself now uses "The Hound" to refer to Lem, who has acquired Clegane's helmet[29]).
The Winds of Winter
Sansa Stark, still going under the name "Alayne," remains in the Vale in one of the sample chapters from The Winds of Winter, which makes it yet more unlikely that the story that Brienne tells Jaime about having located Sansa is true.[33]
Quotes by Brienne
" | I have to try to save her... or die in the attempt.[13] | " |
Quotes about Brienne
" | You have a man's strength in your arms, but your heart is as soft as any maid's. It is one thing to train in the yard with a blunted sword in hand, and another to drive a foot of sharpened steel into a man's gut and see the light go out of his eyes.[27] | " |
- Ser Goodwin to Brienne
" | I knew Brienne when she was no more than a girl playing at her father's feet in Evenfall Hall, and I knew her still better when the Evenstar sent her here to Storm's End. She loved Renly Baratheon from the first moment she laid eyes on him, a blind man could see it.[12] | " |
– Cortnay Penrose to Guyard Morrigen
" | There is a sweet innocence about you, child.[17] | " |
" | Loras: Draw your sword, woman! Jaime: Best hope she doesn't. Or it's like to be your corpse we carry out. The wench is as strong as Gregor Clegane, though not so pretty.[25] |
" |
– Loras Tyrell and Jaime Lannister
" | Brienne's ugly, and pighead stubborn. But she lacks the wits to be a liar, and she is loyal past the point of sense. [26] | " |
- Jaime Lannister to Loras Tyrell
" | Loras: Renly thought she was absurd. A woman dressed in man's mail, pretending to be a knight. Jaime: If he'd ever seen her in pink satin and Myrish lace, he would not have complained. |
" |
– Loras Tyrell and Jaime Lannister
" | On a good day you might have been able to defeat Ser Emmon. He was a rash fighter, and he tired easily. Royce, though? No. Ser Robar was twice the swordsman that you are... though you're not a swordsman, are you?[6] | " |
- Hyle Hunt to Brienne
" | It is said that your father is a good man. If so, I pity him. Some men are blessed with sons, some with daughters. No man deserves to be cursed with such as you.[34] | " |
- Randyll Tarly to Brienne
" | The queen remembered the Maid of Tarth, a huge, ugly, shambling thing who dressed in man's mail.[35] | " |
– thoughts of Cersei Lannister
Family tree
- See also: Brienne of Tarth/Theories
There has been speculation that Brienne descends from Ser Duncan the Tall, a former Lord Commander of the Kingsguard during the reign of King Aegon V Targaryen. Arguments often raised were that a shield bearing Duncan's personal arms was in the armory at Evenfall Hall, and that Brienne later used these arms while is traveling in the crownlands and riverlands.[11] Though George R. R. Martin confirmed that a descendant of Duncan appears in the books, he has not given a name.[36][37]
References and Notes
- ↑ See the Brienne of Tarth calculation.
- ↑ George R. R. Martin's A World of Ice and Fire, Brienne Tarth.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 22, Catelyn II.
- ↑ A Clash of Kings, Appendix.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 72, Jaime IX.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 14, Brienne III.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Brienne of Tarth, January 31, 2001
- ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 2, "The Ghost of Harrenhal".
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 4, Brienne I.
- ↑ A Feast for Crows, Chapter 27, Jaime III.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 9, Brienne II.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 42, Davos II.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 31, Brienne VI.
- ↑ A Clash of Kings, Chapter 31, Catelyn III.
- ↑ A Clash of Kings, Chapter 33, Catelyn IV.
- ↑ A Clash of Kings, Chapter 39, Catelyn V.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 55, Catelyn VII.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 2, Catelyn I.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 1, Jaime I.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 11, Jaime II.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 21, Jaime III.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 31, Jaime IV.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 37, Jaime V.
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 44, Jaime VI.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 62, Jaime VII.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 67, Jaime VIII.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 20, Brienne IV.
- ↑ A Feast for Crows, Chapter 37, Brienne VII.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 42, Brienne VIII.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Miscon Report, June 03, 2012
- ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 48, Jaime I.
- ↑ A Feast for Crows, Chapter 41, Alayne II.
- ↑ The Winds of Winter, Chapter , Alayne I.
- ↑ A Feast for Crows, Chapter 25, Brienne V.
- ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 54, Cersei I.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (Dayton, OH) (November 10, 2005)
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Mysterious Galaxy Signing (San Diego, CA) (November 08, 2000)
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F-117 Nighthawk
The press coverage of the civil war in Syria started by telling us
that the opposition were activists seeking freedom, presumably things like our
First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, assembly, religion, and even to
vote, from an oppressive dictatorial regime. It was, they told us, all of
a piece with the Arab Spring. Only slowly did it start to leak out that the
conflict was actually about a Sunni majority seeking to overthrow a minority
Alawite-Shi'ite regime, not to establish freedom but to establish a Sunni
Still, the story went, the rule of a majority is more like
democracy than the rule of a minority and some of the Sunni rebels as they
started to be called were fighting for a secular democratic Syria . Calling them
"activists", people who go to meetings and demonstrations and
organize committees and hand out leaflets, was getting pretty thin even for our
press when there were pictures of them shooting Kalashnikovs and anti-tank
weapons. There has yet to be an any public admission that they never were
These activists, these concerned citizens, somehow had large amounts of firearms and stockpiles of ammunition. My sister is a long-time activist inMarin County politics but, unless she is keeping
something from me, she has no anti-tank weapons in her garage nor
rocket-propelled grenades, nor Kalashnikov rifles. Which is nothing for her to be
ashamed of - lots of people don't have them. Only dribs and drabs of
where the money for the weapons and the weapons themselves came from.
That has turned out to be Qatar and Saudi Arabia and the international arms black market.
These activists, these concerned citizens, somehow had large amounts of firearms and stockpiles of ammunition. My sister is a long-time activist in
This made a joke of the prior press reports, presumably by people
who, like all reporters, claimed they were telling the truth, that the rebels
were secular Arab Spring activists like the hundreds of thousands of unarmed
Egyptians who filled Tahrhir Square night after night. When it became
clear that many of the heavily-armed rebels were actually affiliated with
al-Qaeda and similar Salafist groups, the press narrative changed to how they
were an unspecified sub-group, presumably a minority, within the rebel camp and
that we as Americans should help the non-al-Qaeda rebels to keep the al-Qaeda
groups from taking over the rebel movement. The press continued to
maintain that the people fighting the regime, even if not exactly activists,
nor exactly secular rebels, were at least an uprising against an unpopular and
oppressive regime. And how could we oppose that?
But even though the money and arms were coming from foreign
sources, the press led us to believe that it was only fair because the regime
had the weapons, money, and organization of the national army. Outside
money and arms no more than leveled the playing field (an impossibly stupid and
vicious sports metaphor - people are generally not killed with machine guns and explosives during soccer matches - except in England.) This story also began to fray as
interview after interview showed that some significant fraction of the
"activists" were foreign Sunni jihadis, many of them veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan . What we were told was an uprising
against an oppressive military regime began to look more like an armed invasion
by outsiders.
A public demonstration of the Sunni vs. Shi'ite character of the
Syrian civil war has been the role of Hezbollah. Hezbollah is a nominally
Lebanese, specifically Shi'ite, terrorist militia. It has fought two wars
with Israel and lost them both, Our press
claimed that Hezbollah somehow "won" the last one because Israel did not kill every last one of them.
The Gentlemen of the Press blithely ignored that Israel 's war aim was not to conquer Lebanon but to make Hezbollah stop shooting
rockets at civilians in their northern cities, specifically Haifa . The IAF (Israel Air Force) and IDF
artillery put such a beating on Hezbollah that the "victors" have
fired no rockets since, and Haifa lives in peace.
Hezbollah is not Syrian except to the extent that Syria has been a conduit for Iranian arms and
money. Yet Hezbollah has now marched into Syria and entered the war on the side of the
Alawite/Shi'ite regime. Hezbollah, officially designated a terrorist
organization by both the United States and the European Union, is now one of the
main pillars of the Syrian regime. It is an irony of the Middle East that Syria , which conquered and then occupied much
of Lebanon for many years, is now in a fair way of
being occupied from Lebanon .
Still, so what? It was and is hard to gin up much sympathy
for a minoritarian military dictatorship, especially one as reputedly nasty and
brutal as the al-Assad regime. Why should we care which collection of
brutal thugs runs Syria ? People of good will came to see
the question not as which thugs should rule, but how most quickly to end the
war and its disastrous effects on the great mass of the civilian population.
Here the press came up with a new story - that the conflict could be settled and peace restored if only al-Assad were to go. This seemed eminently sensible. The worst that was likely to happen to al-Assad and his family if he left power was that they would spend the rest of their lives in the comfort of the Old Dictators Retirement Community (which used to be the fancy resort town ofEstoril in Portugal . Decades ago Patty and I saw their beachfront villas with their bodyguards and their Rolls-Royces.).
Here the press came up with a new story - that the conflict could be settled and peace restored if only al-Assad were to go. This seemed eminently sensible. The worst that was likely to happen to al-Assad and his family if he left power was that they would spend the rest of their lives in the comfort of the Old Dictators Retirement Community (which used to be the fancy resort town of
As with so many other press explanations, the flaw in the
argument was that it wasn't true. Bashar al-Assad is not just a military
dictator, he is also a dynast. He rules Syria because his father, Hafez al-Assad, ruled
Syria . He is the one person on whom all the
factions in the regime can agree. Without the political focus of
loyalty to the al-Assad family to unite it, the regime, which is under enormous
pressure because of the war, would likely collapse. Which is precisely
why the opposition demands his ouster. Why else would they care whether
the dictator were al-Assad rather than someone else just like him? So
that is a scam. One eagerly pushed on their media audience by the press,
but a scam.
Affairs had gotten that far when the Obama administration proposed
at the UN that a peace conference be convened with the understanding that the
prearranged outcome would be that al-Assad would go and that Iran would not be invited. The Putin
administration vetoed it in the Security Council.
But why? The press hinted broadly that it was on account of
Putin being an authoritarian and a bad guy and besides he was mean to Pussy
Riot. (As an aside, how much jail time would Pussy Riot have gotten had they
done the same thing in the Washington National Cathedral? Probably about
the same. The guy who hit Willie Brown in the face with a pie when he was
mayor of San
Francisco got six months for it.)
It is beginning to leak out through dribs and drabs of information
in the better newspapers (e.g. the Wall Street Journal) that there are two big
reasons why the Putin administration cares desperately about what happens in Syria . One is that they have a naval base
there, at Tartus on the Mediterranean coast of Syria . Getting run out of Syria by the Sunni rebels would be a huge
defeat and loss of face for Russia .
Second there are, according to one report "tens of thousands
of Russians" in Syria . They aren't expatriates living
there because Syria is such a pleasant country. They
are there to support the al-Assad regime as technical experts, medical
personnel, teachers, and such. If the war goes badly for the regime they would have to be evacuated to avoid becoming hostages. If
the Russian government were to withdraw those advisers it would likely lead to
the quick collapse of the al-Assad regime, followed by a massacre of those
Russians who could not get out in time and of course every Alawite (Shi'ite) in
the country, by the victorious Sunnis.
That is the short term consequence that Moscow fears. The longer term consequence
is that another Russian defeat by Sunni Muslims (after Afghanistan ) would embolden and legitimize Muslim
separatists in Russia itself. Muslims make up 14% of the
Russian population, about 20 million people, almost all Sunnis. Unlike in Europe or America , they are not primarily urban nor are they immigrants.
They are territorial majorities in many areas in the south and east of Russia , such as Chechnya and Daghestan where they have lived for centuries. They typically have their
own cultures and languages and regard Russia as an imperial overlord. The brothers Tsarnaev were Chechens.
The Russians fought not one but two long and bloody wars to
suppress the attempted secession of Chechnya . The Chechen separatist movement
was and is explicitly Islamist. In 2002 during the Second Chechen War, 40
Chechens seized the Dubrovka Theater in Moscow during a performance and took 850
Russians hostage. In the retaking of the theater by security forces 130 Russians and all 40
Chechens were killed. Mother Russia does not take kindly to mass killings
of Russians in Moscow .
The parallel with 9-11 the previous year was obvious. While
9-11 was traumatic for us, in Russia the attack came from within Russia 's own borders. Imagine if 9-11 had
come, not from remote and foreign Afghanistan , but from the Texas or Alaska independence movements. How would we look
on anybody who encouraged those movements afterwards? In Russia , suppressing Sunni rebellions abroad
which could embolden and legitimize Sunni separatists at home is what we would
call 'Homeland Security'.
In the near term Russia faces the loss of its Syrian protectorate and the
possible massacre of thousands of Russians living in Syria. In the longer term Russia faces the prospect of moral, political, and even material support from a victorious
Sunni rebellion in Syria to potential Sunni rebellions in Russia. The Putin
administration are not just being troublemakers. They are protecting
vital Russian national interests.
None of the combatants in Syria is any friend of Israel and on the face of it, it shouldn't matter
much which tyrannical regime is in power in Damascus so long as they leave Israel alone. But the connection with
Hezbollah changes everything. The safety of Haifa and indeed all of Galilee, depends on the IAF having command of the
skies over Israel , Lebanon , and Syria ,
For reasons that are not clear, Russia has transferred A-300 ground-to-air
anti-aircraft missiles to Syria . The Sunni rebels have no airplanes
so the regime has no need for ground-to-air missiles against them. Indeed
the missiles are a threat to the government forces because if they were captured they could be
turned against the regime's own aircraft. The missiles make no sense as
aid to the Syrian regime but they make a lot of sense if they are intended not
for Syria but for Hezbollah. Clearly they are intended to shoot down Israeli aircraft not Syrian ones. My speculation
is that they were Hezbollah's price for sending their army to fight in Syria .
One can imagine a debate within Putin's cabinet on whether to send armed Russian "advisers" to support the al-Assad regime. Arming Hezbollah with anti-aircraft missiles is likely almost as distasteful inMoscow as it is in Washington (missiles that can shoot down Israeli planes over Galilee can also shoot down Russian planes over Chechnya) but it would be seen in the Kremlin as a lesser evil
than sending Russian troops. In this regard the American experience in Iraq and both the US and Soviet experiences in Afghanistan would be instructive.
One can imagine a debate within Putin's cabinet on whether to send armed Russian "advisers" to support the al-Assad regime. Arming Hezbollah with anti-aircraft missiles is likely almost as distasteful in
Prime Minister Netanyahu made a special trip to Moscow to talk to President Putin about it.
While he reported that Putin had refused his request to not send the
missiles, it is not the way of heads of state talking about sensitive
negotiations with other heads of state to be completely open and candid with
the public. So there is no knowing what actually transpired in the
Putin-Netanyahu talks nor what, if anything, was agreed.
The United States is the ally of Israel and cannot stand idly by while missiles,
especially Russian missiles, rain down on its cities. The defense against
the A-300 is probably American stealth technology, on the theory that one can't
hit what one can't see. Stealth fighter planes, being invisible to radar, could destroy the A-300 batteries before their operators knew the fighters were coming.
Stealth is enormously expensive and only the US has it. It works. Stealth is
the reason US forces were able to defeat Saddam Hussein's army in only 100
hours. The Stealth fighters destroyed the radars around Baghdad because the Iraqis never saw them coming until it was too late. Once the radars were gone the rest of the destruction was inflicted by conventional attack bombers.
It is hard to imagine that theUS would let Israel have its
way-ahead-of-what-everyone-else-has technology. The temptation to
reverse-engineer American stealth aircraft and manufacture their own would be
overwhelming. The US has complained before of Israel selling American military technology to
unfriendly countries like China .
It is hard to imagine that the
Alternately the US could bomb Hezbollah's A-300 batteries
ourselves. But that would be direct involvement in yet another Middle
Eastern war. Plus there would be the enormous risk that the missile
batteries would be manned by Russians. Americans killing Russians would
be a disaster and in the worst case could lead to a renewed Cold War.
The only simple solution I can see is the destruction of the missile batteries with swarms of unmanned Israeli drones if that is militarily possible. While the Russians would be outraged if their people were hurt or killed in the process, the Israelis would be defending their territory and their citizens and would do so no matter what the diplomatic consequences. Presumably the Russians would foresee that and not put their people in harm's way. Again, assuming that it is militarily possible to destroy anti-aircraft missile batteries with swarms of drones.
The only simple solution I can see is the destruction of the missile batteries with swarms of unmanned Israeli drones if that is militarily possible. While the Russians would be outraged if their people were hurt or killed in the process, the Israelis would be defending their territory and their citizens and would do so no matter what the diplomatic consequences. Presumably the Russians would foresee that and not put their people in harm's way. Again, assuming that it is militarily possible to destroy anti-aircraft missile batteries with swarms of drones.
Every major Sunni country - mainly Saudi Arabia , Egypt , Turkey, and the various Gulf states - is vitally
involved in supporting the insurgency. There are Shi'ite majorities ruled by Sunni minorities along the whole southern coast of the Persian Gulf including eastern Saudi Arabia. The south coast of the Persian Gulf is also where most of the Middle East oil is. A Shi'ite victory in Syria could destabilize every government in the main oil producing areas.
Iran , the main Shi'ite power, is co-sponsor of the Alawite-Shi'ite regime in Syria and owns the northern coast of the Gulf. Iran would face isolation and Sunni encirclement if
al-Assad were to fall.
EvenTurkey has cause for concern. If the
Syrian regime falls, it is possible that Syria 's Kurdish northeast would seek and
possibly get autonomy in the chaotic aftermath of the war. An autonomous Syrian Kurdistan next to an already
autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan would raise the specter of Kurdish unification.
Since the whole southeast of Turkey is ethnically Kurdish, this could cause Turkey big trouble internally.
Which means that this long brutal war figures to become even
longer and more brutal. Because so many parties are so vitally interested
in the outcome, it is hard to imagine that it can be settled by anything but
outright victory for one side and massacre for the other. The stakes are
far higher than just who runs Syria .


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Non Duality..
"Emptiness here, Emptiness there, but the infinite universe stands always before our eyes. Infinitely large and infinitely small; no difference, for definitions have vanished and no boundaries are seen. So too with Being and non-Being. Don't waste time in doubts and arguments that have nothing to do with this. One thing, all things: move among and intermingle, without distinction. To live in this realization is to be without anxiety about non-perfection. To live in this faith is the road to non-duality, because the non-dual is one with the trusting mind."
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Thanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more information? It is extremely helpful for me.
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Asked to describe the hidden staircase he designed for the remodel of a San Francisco shingle-style house, architect David Gast answers with a question of his own. "Did you ever read that children's book, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe?"
As it happens, the novel by C.S. Lewis (about a girl who opens a closet and enters another world) embodies just the kind of whimsy that Gast's clients—a couple with two kids—wanted for their home. The staircase is concealed behind a bookcase/door, like a portal to a secret hideaway if not a world beyond. Bookshelves also line the stairwell, but the hidden entry answers real needs. The house already had a main stair to its second floor. But because square footage was being added to the third level, another means of egress was required. It had to be configured so as not to disturb the existing design of the house, so Gast created a secret stairway leading upstairs to the study from the main floor. This way, the kids could use the study, which is adjacent to the master suite, without traipsing through their parents' bedroom.
The challenge was designing a door that opened easily and wouldn't sag under a load of books. Many hinges were required. The door's bookshelves are shallower than wall units; they're meant for paperbacks. Gast says he wouldn't have added the staircase if code hadn't dictated it, but the result was a happy ending: a multi-tasking entry that turns the transition from public space to private into a playful passage.
Learn more about markets featured in this article: San Francisco, CA.


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This topical book studies the process of democratic transition in Myanmar. It outlines the factors that contributed to the political transition in the country and the circumstances in which the transition from military rule of nearly five decades to democracy took place. The author shows how political groups -especially Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy - and the military that had been hostile to the idea and practice of democracy came to work together, paving the way for the political change after protracted struggle. The volume also examines the role of the civil society, elites, external agencies, and institutions in the process of democratic change.
Bringing together a balance of primary ethnographic fieldwork and nuanced analyses, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of Asian and Southeast Asian Studies, politics and political processes, democratization process and democratic transitions, international relations, peace and conflict studies, especially those concerned with Myanmar.
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Hitting the road on a high note
I saw about 15 minutes of yesterday's game. I watched two or three minutes of the early innings, then I got home from Barnes and Noble — had to finally buy the new Ra Ra Riot album — just in time for the ninth inning, the walk-off homer and the whipped cream pie that seemed to get more of Kim Jones than Nick Swisher. Sorry Kim, but I laughed quite a bit.
This off day would feel a lot different if not for that moment.
I believe it was actually Kim who I was talking to before the first game of the home stand. I said at the time the Yankees needed to win seven of 10, and that's exactly what they did. It left the Yankees with a 2.5-game lead in the division, a little bit of breathing room before they begin a tough last three weeks of the season.
Joe Girardi called that a home run "a big swing," and it certainly was.
Now the Yankees can head to Texas with reason to be upbeat. Four days ago they had won eight straight, but when they hit a three-game slide, it nearly disrupted everything. Even CC Sabathia no longer looked unbeatable. Yesterday's first eight innings must have been brutal — one inning away from being swept by the Orioles at home? really? — but the Yankees ultimately walked off with a win and a pie.
The season is going to be decided in these final weeks, something we probably could have predicted in April. Much better to start this stretch on a high note rather than a deafening thud.
Associated Press photo


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Why Are Indians Not Charitable?
West is the Best
Unless Indians follow the West in matters are charity, Indians are UnCharitable – and, of course, UnChristian, UnCivilized.
A writer at Reuters observes
Billionaire investor Warren Buffett and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates are on a week-long trip to India, primarily to encourage the rich to give away a portion of their wealth to charity.
The visit follows a similar one made by the duo to China, the country with the most number of billionaires after the United States, where they urged the wealthy to sign up for their Giving Pledge campaign.
India's rich are not really known for sharing their wealth. Big, family-run businesses are often inherited and set up with the help of ancestral wealth, and few have shown any willingness to part with it.
The number of wealthy Indians has been rising fast over the last decade, but they're not ready yet to let go of their cash, even for charity, according to a study last year by business consultancy Bain & Co. (via Will Buffett, Gates' giving pledge convince rich Indians? | India Insight).
Does Viagra help those with low self-esteem
And since the West has pronounced judgement, our desi elites had to follow suite.
Recently, 40 US billionaires, prompted by Buffet and Gates, agreed to give away half their wealth to charity. In that case, what's holding back Indian companies? Other than unwillingness to give or share, is it also because they don't know how and who to give to?
Here companies are at par with their peers in the US, but when it comes to a structured approach to philanthropy, most of them are found wanting.
According to Dr Rajnish Karki, author of Competing With the Best, "The License Raj killed the art of giving in business. Before that, the Tatas, Birlas, Dalmias and a few big business houses were actively involved in patronage, which was more socially driven owing to the frenzy of the Independence movement. But, wealth from the corporate sector, especially software, has just started pouring in during the past seven to eight years. At a time when their main aim is to preserve growth, it would be unfair to compare their CSR activities with the West."
Trust is another big factor why most wealthy people don't loosen their purse strings. They are afraid that their money wouldn't reach the right channels . A reason, probably, why big corporate houses build their own charitable foundations within the organisations . Heiresses like Roshni Nadir and Nisa Godrej who top as philanthropists head such foundations.
As CSR becomes a part of the corporate landscape, more aligned with Western sensibilities of functioning, the younger generation is reasonably aware of where to give. They are also clear that if they are giving money, they want to monitor it the way Bill and Melinda Gates do.
But as Indian society changes, so do our philanthropic activities. Today, the young scions are trying to introduce sustainable ways to donate. (via Lessons in charity: India Inc says no to Buffett, Gates – Economic Times).
These Crazy Indians
But there is a different way in which Indians do things. One thing that Indians believe in the institution of marriage.
Giving a helping hand to a young couple, at the start of their married life, is embedded in India.
Regardless of where people go to pray. But that is not charity.
Two interesting news reports on that.
News Report #1
Before he was suddenly transferred, Patna city SP Shivdeep Waman Lande received an average of 300 SMSes every day, mostly from love-struck girls, some even carrying marriage proposals. The heartburn soon translated into candlelight marches and mass protests demanding the cancellation of the IPS officer's transfer.
Why did the people of Patna almost sink into depression when they found out that Lande was moving out? Many say it was the 2006-batch officer's 'Dabangg' -like style of functioning, proactive policing and strictness in dealing with the high and mighty that made him a rockstar in the city in just 10 months of his brief tenure.
Meanwhile, the man himself, sporting trademark blade shades, is unassuming about his popularity. "I tried my best to redress their grievances. It helped build peoples' trust in the police. They knew action would be taken if they call me," he says. His 24×7 availability on phone and promptness also earned the Maharashtrian the sobriquet of 'Singham'.
Lande became an overnight reallife hero after an incident of attempted molestation involving a girl (who) called him up for help (almost every college girl had his mobile number), and Lande landed at the spot within minutes. The girl was rescued while the molesters (were) captured by Lande's team within a week.
The tough cop, who follows a strict three-hour exercise regimen, donates 60% of his pay to the Yuvak Sangathan, (which) organizes social activities like mass marriages of poor girls and free coaching classes for the less privileged. (via Why is Patna crying for this cop? – The Times of India).
News Report #2
When over 100 couples tie nuptial knots at Petlad taluka in Anand during a mass marriage ceremony on Sunday, 10 of them will have their wedding rituals etched in their memory for a long time to come.
For, they will be blessed by the family of star cricketers Irfan and Yusuf Pathan. Mehmoodkhan Pathan, father of Pathan brothers, has sponsored the wedding expenses of 10 couples, many of whom come from average financial background.
Though the Pathan brothers will not attend the event, the entire family will drive down to Petlad to bless the couples.
The senior most Pathan, who is elated over Yusuf Pathan's inclusion in the World Cup squad, said he sponsored the weddings to help the couples. "It is just our way of saying thanks to the God. Both Irfan and Yusuf got huge money in IPL-4 auctions and Yusuf made it to the World Cup squad. We are very happy and hence thought of returning something to the society. And what better way than to help couples start a new life," Mehmoodkhan told TOI.
Mehmoodkhan donated Rs 1.51 lakh to a Petlad-based organisation Mohaddis-e-Azam Mission that has organised the mass marriage wherein couples from all sects of Muslim community will tie the knots.
"Members of the organisation came to invite us for the mass wedding. That is when the idea of sponsoring marriage of some couples struck me. I talked with Irfan and Yusuf and they too agreed to bear wedding expenses. I liked the concept as couples from all sects of our community will benefit from this mass marriage," added Mehmoodkhan. (via Senior Pathan sponsors wedding of 10 couples – Times Of India).
Shallow Tanks
More State
Shri Acorn suggests more role for the State – and its enforcement mechanisms! When queried, no reply at all.
It has become a mental habit in India to criticize politicians, even when they are right. The concerned MP is right – and our Pragati प्रगति man is all wrong. He is going the विगति way.
Are these the kind of Think Tanks that we are getting? They seem to be more of Tinker Tanks.
Useless laws
The Section 498A which deals with dowry-related crimes, has now completely lost credibility – with false complainant to victim ratio of nearly 1:20. Possibly the best 'example' of post-colonial legal thinking in India is the Section 498. A retributive, revengeful law (patterned on Western legal models) is now undermining the very structure of Indian society – marriage. Section 498 has has taken away marriages from the social domain into the legal sphere.
Laws that harass
Instead of poor women, that it was supposed to help, Section 498A has been used by well-to-do women vindictively, due to marital estrangements. From being contributory, accommodating, religious and life long, Indian marriage system is becoming extractive, adversarial, contractual, legal and short term.
Men are evil
A 'progressive' and 'free' India has decided that men are evil – especially husbands. It has enacted discriminatory laws, which lay the burden of proof on husbands and their families, including women, on the basis of a wife's complaint. Considering the disproportionate amount of NGO activism on this law, it raises questions about the motives and funding of these NGOs. In case you have not already guessed, the biggest source of funding for these NGOs is the West.
Some more gems
By the way, Shri Acorn does not reply to trolls. On Twitter, critics and disagreement is trolling.
Related articles
- Sexual Equations in Bharattantra (2ndlook.wordpress.com)
- Confused Pragmatic (quicktake.wordpress.com)
- Democracy – How Think tanks shape policy making (quicktake.wordpress.com)
- Missionaries of 'Progress' (quicktake.wordpress.com)


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But first,
here's what she came up with this year:
Most importantly: HER BOOK
Today I'm linking here, here, here, here, here, and here. Where's YOUR favorite place to link to?
This was great! It gave me inspiration for my child's reading fair project. It's due in a couple of days!!! We have to get busy!
Thanks for the post.


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warrenellis + alien 4
ZP finalCut full1 640x360 - YouTube
july 2014 by warrenellis
"a documentary about an artist, quantum physics and possibly reverse-engineered alien propulsion technology, currently unfinished."
july 2014 by warrenellis
Ian Bogost - Aliens, but definitely not as we know them
april 2012 by warrenellis
"Undermining positions understand reality as smaller bits, be they quarks, DNA or mathematics. Ordinary things such as sheep or battleships become fictions, tricks that deceive minds too naive to understand their depths. Overmining positions take objects to be less real than the processes and circumstances that produce them. Generally, the sciences tend to undermine, and the humanities to overmine."
april 2012 by warrenellis
Copy this bookmark:


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This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
"The days of long past when the business of business was just business. The idea that a Corporation is merely a legal abstraction, devoid of heart and soul, no longer has legitimacy. The Corporation may be an economic wunderkind, but it falls short and often falls apart if it does not meet the needs of society, or if it does not act with a conscience. Today - no stakeholder - be it an share holder, an employee, the community or the Government - would accept a business whose rationale is limited to profits at any cost, or only to compulsions of its immediate business." [1]
Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is a concept which is defined as,
"the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large". [2]
This paper deals with the concept of Corporate Social Responsibilities and its purview in India. It argues about the applicability/ suitability of the principle in various nations including India, and the propositions prevailing in India with regard to corporate social responsibility and the pros and cons of CSR. CSR is a legal obligation and is made mandatory in some nations and it is made voluntary in a few others.
Corporate Social Responsibility existed in India long before the concept of CSR was found. Corporates followed the principles of CSR, without knowing that it was called Corporate Social Responsibility. The conditions and changes which corporate social responsibility has brought in, is discussed. This paper also stresses the importance of CSR in India and the perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility in India.
There are a variety of reasons for which companies pursue CSR. Maignan et al. (2002) remarked that some business leaders have embraced the concept of CSR based on organizational values, and seek to provide leadership in the area. [3] Spar and Mure (2003) pointed out that corporations may react from threats to transaction costs, brand, and competitive positioning. [4] Maignan et al. (2002) also stated that CSR motivations might also include marketing, publicity, and innovation. [5]
The central issue of a firm is its appropriate role in business. [6] Corporate Social Responsibility helps building up a positive image and encouraging social involvement of employees, which in turn helps in developing a sense of loyalty for the organization. [7] The perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility varies from group to group. [8]
Milton Freedman claims that the statement, "the enlightened corporation should try to create value for all of its constituencies" which is equivalent to saying, "the social responsibility of business [is] to increase its profits." [9] It is stated that CSR is justified in terms of deontological ethical considerations (e.g., the work of Andrews, Sethi, and Carroll) [10] , which implies that socially responsible behaviour occurs at the expense of profitability.
It is also said that CSR is really nothing more than corporate advertising, which makes the consumers aware of the firm's new products with different features for which they are willing to pay. [11] Though a firm advocates corporate social responsibility for promoting sustainable development which is beneficial for the society, it benefits the firm by increasing its financial performance and reducing the operating costs, enhancing the brand image and reputation, increasing customer loyalty and sales, increasing the ability of the firm to attract and retain employees, leading to reduced regulatory/ activists' oversight, reducing risk thereby facilitating easier finance or access to capital. [12]
In order to compensate or revive the natural resources and environment, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility was introduced. Corporations set up social welfare foundations, charity trusts, etc., in the name of CSR activities for the satisfaction of giving their contribution to the society; increase their visibility; and, for long-term gains like employee and customer loyalty, tax-benefits etc. [13] Corporate Social Responsibility is different from traditional corporate philanthropy which emerged from various factors such as concern for the welfare of immediate members of the corporate body including employees and their families, a desire among the corporate personalities to be a part of the society and to establish a strategic relationship with the government and, in particular, local administration, and above all, to create trust and similar boards to uphold the owner's holdings in the enterprise which would contribute to charitable works for the public. [14] The main reason as to why the concept of CSR has gained importance is 'because corporate houses intervene in so many areas of life, they must be responsible towards society and environment'. [15]
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD 2000) states that the companies have a responsibility to the stakeholders which is enumerated as under:
• To yield high profits to the owners and investors;
• To indulge in fair, ethical treatment as partners to business partners;
• To give consistent, fairly compensated employment to the employees;
• To maintain the image of the industry among the competitors;
• To distribute high quality products and services to the customers;
• To be a consistent customer to the supplier upon whom the business of the supplier is based;
• To meet the expectations of the non-governmental organizations;
• To provide a stable employment for the community members of the communities. [16]
As the wake of liberalization has paved way for the flow of foreign markets and the multi-national corporations to play influential role in meeting day to day challenges, the multi-national corporations have to procure their interests by securing the substantial development, where social and ecological balance prevail. The importance of the corporate social responsibility can be understood only by studying its position in various countries. [17] This paper takes up the positions of Corporate Social Responsibility in a few economies like United States of America, France and Germany and compares it with the Indian position by providing the measures and the reasons for making a CSR voluntary or mandatory.
The United States is the birth place of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. [18] The tradition of corporate philanthropy is very strong in the United States and CSR activities have always been very popular, which include employee volunteering, matched giving, involvement with organizations with a very strong local community focus. [19] The Government plays an important role in the regulation of CSR, wherein the USA - Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) regulates CSR in financial services sector by setting minimum requirements, monitoring compliance, incentives through tax credits, impacts on mergers and acquisitions, etc. [20]
The economy of the United States is market-oriented with comparatively less interventions on part of the federal government, wherein the business landscape includes some of the most powerful corporations in the world. [21] US firms enjoy more flexibility than companies in terms of state regulation in many other industrial countries. [22] Regardless of having the world's largest national economy, US faces some important challenges, such as large budget and trade deficits and a devaluing currency with consumer debt at a very high level, and other relevant problems are poverty and high inequalities in the distribution of income. [23]
Public sector engagement for CSR at the federal level is fragmented, low and patchwork in nature in the US. There is no visible formulation of CSR strategy and coordination point at the federal level or visible contact person for CSR by the government, but, there are areas where the government shows development and application of CSR policy. [24] By launching a national coordination point might help in integrating the still fragmented CSR policies of different US agencies and institutions and might help in constituting a step towards a more coherent CSR framework at the federal level and allow the federal government in contributing to the concept of CSR; and, the partnerships which are existing could be monitored in a more stringent way. [25] US can use its influence and existing strengths in stimulating the global social responsible market. [26]
The US government passed laws to address the issues that arose due to the social and environmental concerns in the late 1960s and early 1970s. [27] The legislations [28] enacted included:
The statutes: The Clean Air Act Amendments,1977, The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, for pollution and hazardous waste control;
The statutes: The Equal Employment Opportunity Act,1972, The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1970, during work in workplaces;
The statutes: The Federal Hazardous Substances Act, The Consumer Product Safety Act, for consumer protection.
There was no requirement on reporting the performance of the firms to the public, while the companies had to meet the requirements set by the state and federal government. [29] It emerged when companies used CSR reports as damage control. [30]
The trends in Canada regarding Corporate Social Responsible activities have been similar to those in the US. [31]
In Germany, CSR is a fundamental component in the social market economy system of a country. [32] The number of corporates which assume social responsibility and integrate voluntary social commitment in their corporate strategy is constantly growing in Germany. [33] The Federal Government wishes to promote this social responsibility [34] by framing National Engagement Strategy that pursues the following strategic objectives:
Assimilate foundations and the civic activities of business enterprises;
Enhance recognition of and appreciation for the work done by volunteers;
Develop the coordination of the civic engagement policy projects conducted by Germany's federal, state and municipal governments;
Improve conditions for volunteer work. [35]
The second objective of the strategy was aimed at promoting the following actions:
succeed even more small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for CSR;
anchor CSR more firmly in enterprises and public bodies;
increase the visibility and credibility of CSR. [36]
The above strategy was a result of a long debate, right from 2003 and was framed only on 06.01.2010. [37]
Corporations today face a healthy amount of regulation, whether it is through self governance or government through legislation; the evolution of corporate governance is broad and far reaching with a greater focus on sustainable business practices. [38] The European Monitoring Centre on change in order to know the developing models of best practice in the field of working and employment conditions and CSR took some of the European corporates as case studies and found that the overall picture in France is one of moderate development of CSR due to the presence of a system of state regulations and agreements governing labour relations, issues of social responsibility at the enterprises examined relate mainly to the restructuring and subcontracting activities that resulted in company redundancies following a period of economic crisis. [39] Furthermore, in France, quality programs (of those discussing CSR) were more mentioned as illustrative of responsibility than philanthropy programs. [40] To effectively start on with the challenges of today and tomorrow, Air France has created an organization that reflects the diversity of sustainability issues. Environment and Sustainable Development division comprises of two departments. [41]
Indian corporate's accepts and follows the definition given by World Business Council for Sustained Development which says,
"Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large". [42] Â
Indu Jain, the Chairperson of the Times of India Group, New India remarked that,
"Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in India sets a realistic agenda of grassroots development through alliances and partnerships with sustainable development approaches. At the heart of solution lies intrinsic coming together of all stakeholders in shaping up a distinct route for an equitable and just social order....".
Corporate social responsibility is not a new theory in India, [43] but the real development of the concept of CSR is seen only from the late 90's. The initiative for the development of the concept was made in 1998 by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), a business association and the India's largest industry by publishing its voluntary code "Desirable Corporate Governance: A Code". [44] The Ministry of Corporate Affairs too, in order to promote better corporate governance practices and to raise the standard of corporate governance in India towards achieving stability and growth have established a "National Foundation for Corporate Governance(NFCG)", a partnership with the CII, the Institute of Company Secretaries on India (ICSI)and the Institute of Chartered Accounts of India (ICAI). [45]
CSR is not new to India, companies like TATA and BIRLA have been contributing to the case for social good and welfare in their operations for decades long before CSR become a popular cause. [46] Â
Long referred to as a company's integral part, corporate social responsibility is finally being taken seriously by Indian tech companies as they embark on a gamut of philanthropic activities. [47]
Mr. Narayan Murthy firmly underlines the significance of CSR:
"for benefit of globalization and technology to reach the poor, the private sector, philanthropic institutes and individuals should cooperate and establish partnership with government institutions and this would lift millions of our people out of the poverty, provide them with opportunities and make them participate in the process and progress of globalization". [48]
According to Indian Oil Corporation, "CSR is a cornerstone of our enduring success". The mission of Indian Oil Corporation is "to help enrich the quality of life of the community and preserve ecological balance and heritage through a strong environment conscience". [49]
For the Indian companies, the corporate social responsible activities revolve and are centered around education, rural upliftment and helping the physically challenged. [50]
A 'national-local' approach may be best for Corporate Social Responsibility in India to have a meaningful impact on society in the coming decade. [51] National in the sense that there will need to be nationwide alliances and databases in order to quickly learn best practices, share innovations, and 'scale-up' pilot programmes. [52] Local, meaning that it will require organizations to efficiently implement programmes at the grassroots level, as well as mobilize volunteers to serve their local communities. [53]
The position with regard to CSR in India is not static. India does not mandate CSR as a statutory obligation. The position of CSR in India, whether it should be mandated or should it be made voluntary is discussed below:
Corporate Social Responsibility is made mandatory in some countries and voluntary in others. The regulators in different countries have their own requirements for seeking CSR reports on different aspects of CSR activities, wherein some countries mandate it in the form of disclosures to shareholders and other countries require it in the form of various returns and statements to be filed at different points of time. [54] With regard to the narrowly- defined business- oriented research question of making Corporate Social Responsibility mandatory or voluntary, as is the case at present, and the proposal to make it mandatory in India with a levy of 2% of profits [55] for the Corporations, the optimal solution would be to make it voluntary for a number of reasons. The main reason would be that once it is made mandatory, it would it would be seen like any other compliance of legal requirement and would trigger off a defensive action in business firms, where the result would be that experts would be appointed to manage data in a very presentable form, authorities to access the compliance and issue show cause notice, corporate managers to file the replies for the notices, and advocates and lawyers to argue in courts. [56] The issue of mandatory and voluntary reporting has long been debated, since the European Commission's recommendations on the recognition, measurement and disclosure of environmental issues in the annual accounts and annual reports of firms. [57] On the other hand, the officials of the Commission countered that a mandate for preparing such reports would be less effective than a recommendation for voluntary reporting. [58]
Though the recommendation is non-binding, the real significance of CSR is fulfilled. In case it is made mandatory with the proposition to give up 2% of profits by the corporates, the corporates who spend more than 2% of profits towards CSR will be affected and will be lessened. The real meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility will be hindered if it made mandatory. Further, the very purpose of a business is to increase its profits and the purpose of indulging in CSR activities is only additional or optional for the firms. In view of all these reasons, it is submitted that CSR should only be made voluntary and should not be made mandatory.
Milton Friedman in his article in The New York Times Magazine remarked that "the one and only social responsibility of business, is to increase profits for shareholders." [59] The fundamental goal of a Corporation or firm is to increase value for its shareholders and not any single stakeholder. [60] Neil chamberlain, a Corporate Social Responsibility author and critic, remarked that the social responsibility movement of every business is an effect 'trapped' in the business system itself, and, the dream that socially responsible corporation can transform our society is illusionary. [61] If this is the scenario then the question of what purpose does corporate social responsibility (CSR) serve in today's world, if any at all arises. [62] The criticisms thrown at corporate social responsibility (CSR) include the following:
When companies indulge in CSR practices, the managers will misappropriate corporate resources by diverting them from their rightful claimants, whether those are the firm's owners or, sometimes, employees. [63]
It is said that corporations can make their contributions best to the society if they do what they do best in their work. [64] When firms indulge in CSR activities, it entails them in diverting resources best used for economic purposes to advance for purposes for which the resources are poorly suited, in the sense that they distract from the activities of the society by making wrong allocations, i.e., they do not fulfill people's needs at the right time. [65]
The plethora of CSR awards given out to companies divulges an appalling fact that some companies whose very existence and the nature of products marketed is considered to be socially irresponsible are being recognized for performing some socially responsible acts. [66] For example, British American Tobacco won a United Nations Environment Program / Sustainability reporting award for its annual social report, which was criticized that winning a CSR award may well be a tool to deflect some criticisms against a socially irresponsible outlook of selling products that cause so much known damage to health. [67]
When managers of firms are asked to advance economic performance and be socially responsible, it destines managers to do neither, which is a recipe for distraction, frustrating the efforts of the managers to advance either objective, and worse is the condition providing managers with a convenient excuse when they fail in achieving economic objectives. [68] Inefficiency or mismanagement can be attributed to "socially responsible" efforts. [69]
Corporate Social Responsibility is voluntary corporate action in some nations as discussed earlier, and it goes beyond simple compliance with domestic regulations and laws. [70] Due to this voluntary character and the lack and need of regulations, the information that companies provide to stakeholders such as investors and consumers is not standardized, and, it is often not feasible to compare CSR performance on a detailed level, especially that of multinationals across geographic borders. [71]
Corporate Social Responsibility is said to be a distracting business for managers from securing profits for the owners of corporations. [72]
Due to the lack of formal regulations of corporate social responsibility and the voluntary nature, CSR inadvertently places even more power with the decision- making companies, which is due to the fact that companies are given liberty to shape and define corporate social responsibility as they deem fit and how to practically apply CSR, increasing the risk of further opportunity for abuse of power. [73]
An important criticism is that advanced economies often moved their industries to other parts of the world where there are less stringent corporate social responsibility standards, as a result of which the other countries too get depleted of their resources due to the acts or on their behalf, and these indexes do not factor those in. [74]
Today's informative world throws light on the general public information regarding CSR. The corporate bodies in present world cannot be successful without taking into account the social responsibility. [75] CSR has been an important component for any organization to have perpetual success and to create brand. [76] It is said that initially there are three "generations" of CSR in varying stages of sophistication. [77] The first generation of corporate social responsibility has established that companies can contribute to society without risking commercial success; today, the second generation is developing more fully as CSR gradually becomes an integral part of companies' long-term business strategies; and, finally, the third generation addresses significant societal issues, such as poverty and cleanup of the environment. [78] Companies are mainly reactive and less pro-active in the formulation of their CSR policy, where communication on the CSR policy and monitoring of CSR compliance in the supply is very limited. [79] The Indian perception on CSR can partly be explained by the fact that it is coloured by the impact of macro processes that work against the poor, which is the environment within which companies operate where in, contribution to socio-economic development plays an important role in the Indian context. [80] Companies are expected to contribute both to community development (responsibility at local level) and to have an added value to the economic development of the country (responsibility at macro level) where these aspects are not incorporated in the CSR frame of reference. [81] An integral approach of different CSR issues is not always possible as there might be conflicting demands. [82] Social and environmental issues may be conflicting with economic development. [83] When such a dilemma occurs, companies tend to give more emphasis to their own economic interests and/or to the matching interest of the host country. [84] Since CSR is not very well developed in policy and especially in practice, so-called conflicting demands between economic interests and (other) CSR issues might be used to postpone working on better CSR policies and performances. [85] Companies should make more use of CSR risk assessments or CSR scans. [86] This will have overall positive effects on their CSR policy and practice and it will also stimulate a pro-active approach of companies.
This paper throws light on the concept of CSR in various countries where CSR is made mandatory and in countries where CSR is voluntary, and it analyzes the position of Corporate Social Responsibility in India and answers the research question as to whether CSR should be made mandatory or voluntary. It is also justified that the results of CSR are best obtained when CSR is made voluntary than mandatory.


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After many years of phone calls, emails and requests from people all over the United States, Larry Fox decided to share his knowledge and expertise by joining us as a Official Guide. His mission in life has become the pursuit of natural methods and alternative medicines to help people avoid and overcome health conditions that rob us of the quality of life to which we are all entitled.
One of Fox's passions is alternative medicine. He believes that instead of injecting people with drugs (that does "the work" for their immune system) we can use natural remedies to "teach" their immune system how to fight.
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We've all been there. Here's my 12-Step Process to get out of a sales slump by looking at the Cycle of Service.
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What's A Hobo Nickel?
Old Carvers
Modern Artists
Club Info
Introducing "Cyrano"
By Arturo DelFavero RM552
In May of 2012, I had the good fortune to win a coin that was a match to one owned by Steve Alpert. O.H.N.S. member Don Wolfe contacted me after a posting of both coins in the "Three's a Match" section in the Fall Bo Tales. Don believed that he had a third example and would send a picture for verification. Upon receipt of the photo it was plain to see that he was correct.
Fast forwarding to the 2013 F.U.N. show, Candace Kagin asked if I would take a look at her enormous collection of hobo nickels, and of course I obliged her. Candace's collection included many interesting coins and one that really caught my attention. It was another match. My $150.00 auction purchase had paid off and yielded a new nicknamed artist. Without further delay, I present to you "Cyrano," a reference to the large nosed, poet, musician, and duelist, etc. Cyrano de Bergerac.
The carving characteristics for "Cyrano" are listed as follows:
1) Large elongated nose.
2) Sculpted three dimensional hat (some with bows).
3) Finely stippled head and facial hair (eye brow included).
4) Nicely sculpted tall ear.
5) Shoulder neck and collar work added.
6) Clean field work (Two appear to be Cameo-like with a line border added).
7) LIBERTY and date obliterated.
8) Profiles altered.
9) Two specimens have amended eyes.


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4 years for a U.S. presidential term. Older candidates wonder if they'll ever have another chance. 4 years between the Olympics. Older athletes wonder if they'll ever have another chance. 4 dots in the Star Wars ellipsis.... Except for Episode VI, WTH?? I wish I could have thought of a 4th thing.
Or you could add this to your list: The number four is considered bad luck in Japan; the Japanese word for "four" sounds like the word for "death".
Aw, man! I even knew that one, too! Some Japanese buildings don't have a fourth floor either (like the U.S. and the number 13).
I seriously thought I was the only person who knew/noticed this. If you check my posts going back to who knows when, any of them with ellipses have four dots.
I noticed it (or maybe just hadn't thought about it before) when I was making "opening crawl" style invitations for my son's SW birthday party.


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Cookbook /
VerySimpleToDoSummary: A very simple ToDo list
Categories: PIM
Discussion: VerySimpleToDo-Talk?
QuestionHow do I manage a list of todo items? AnswerInstall the verysimpletodo.phpΔ plugin (see also lesssimpletodo.phpΔ version for extra features - some notes at bottom). Notes and CommentsInstallation
// Very simple todo lists
//$TodoDeleteText = "delete";
//$TodoAddText = "New item:";
UsageThis recipe works by creating input forms that know how to modify the content of the current page by adding or removing a single item. Multiple forms on a single page are supported by identifying each form with a unique name (:todo-add-<uniquename> <above|below> <symbol>:) When items are added to the page, they are either added above or below the form and are prefixed with the symbols given in the last argument. For example: (:todo-add-list1 above *:) creates an input form that adds new lines above it prefixed with *, creating a bulleted list entry form. The <uniquename> can only contain letters and numbers. This creates a numbered list form: (:todo-add-list1 above #:) And this creates a heading list form: (:todo-add-list1 above !!:) When an item is added using the form, markup is automatically added to the end of the item (:todo-delete-<id>:) that is rendered as a delete link. When clicked, the link will remove the item from the page. The <id> is generated as an md5 hash of the line being added but can be anything as long as it is unique and contains only letters and numbers. This allows one to add the (:todo-delete-<id>:) markup to existing lines by hand if desired. StylingAdditionally, you can style the components using the classes "todoform" for the input form and "tododelete" for the delete link. For example, this was used to render the list shown in the screenshot: .todoform { color: #999; font-size: 80%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .todoform input { font-weight: normal; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; width: 400px; } a.tododelete { color: #999 !important; text-transform: lowercase; font-size: 70%; text-decoration: none !important; } a:hover.tododelete { color: #999 !important; text-transform: lowercase; font-size: 70%; text-decoration: underline !important; } TipsThere is a side effect to how this recipe behaves that allowed me to play a bit. I edited the script so that between the todo and the delete there is a colon ":". Then, I put into the todo (where you would put * or #): ":" I then add the same code as is used for Cookbook to move the delete to the far right of the list. BenWilson February 07, 2006, at 08:50 AM This recipe doesn't use the standard PmWiki edit sequence, and so the NotifyUpdate() function is never called. In other words, changes made through this recipe do not trigger notifications by notify.php Luigi from a Pm comment on the mailing lists - 05 September 2006 Versions$Id: verysimpletodo.php,v 1.3 2005/09/21 21:19:01 John Exp $
Script update: [27.09.2006]
I'm trying it out now and running into an error. The software works, but the error is annoying: Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\Program Files\xampplite\htdocs\wiki\cookbook\lesssimpletodo.php:275) in C:\Program Files\xampplite\htdocs\wiki\pmwiki.php on line 870 This error appears at the top of every wiki page right now, and a similar issue, but related to lines 874 and 875 appears each time I add, delete, done, or undo a task item. It just flashes on the screen just briefly before loading the page. I'm using the Simple skin, if that matters. Script update: [17.10.2006]
Can you update this to work with the 2.2.0-beta versions of PmWiki and, specifically, with the relative page links for included pages? The issue is that when the todo list is included in a separate "including" page the delete link no longer works: it expects to find the todo item in the current "including" page. Pico October 09, 2007, at 09:56 AM what WOULD be involved in getting this to work on included pages? OtherMichael Aug 25, 2008
See AlsoContributorsOriginal author: JohnWatson |


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These towels were a great price and they are super soft. They do leave a lot of lint when washed the first few times, but plush towels often have that problem. I am very satisfied with this purchase.


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Item # nk2zdk09bstrl13zz-nike-snowboard-boots
Type: | All Mountain, Freestyle |
Upper Material: | Synthetic Leather |
Cuff: | Articulated |
Sole Material: | Hybrid |
Flex: | Medium |
Volume: | Standard |
Lacing System: | Lace |
Lace Harness: | Yes |
Liner Type: | Heat Moldable |
Liner Lacing: | Speed Lace |
Removable Liner: | Yes |
Manufacturer Warranty: | 1 Year |
The Nike Zoom Dk Snowboard Boots are one way to stay in fashion this winter. Show everyone that no one has got anything on you with these ultra-lightweight stylish snowboarding boots. For those who like a responsive feel the Zoom boots come with medium flex. These shoes are ideal for all mountain and freestyle snowboarding. The boots also feature state of the art hybrid sole material which maximizes on traction and grip. These boots will keep you looking good and warm no matter how cold it is outside.
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The good news is that i found both bananaleaves and lemon grass at a very small Asian store in Camarillo (land of hardly anything interesting or "foreign"). I left my Blue Ginger cookbook at home and have forgotten which recipie calls for using banana leaves. Looking for other keen ideas for use in the vege-seafood genre, asian/fusion asian.
AND- quick, where should I go for seafood to prepare for christmas- looking for crab legs, lobsters, giant shrimp from Camarillo to Sherman oaks area..anyone???
Updated 2 years ago | 2
Updated 12 months ago | 6
Updated 1 year ago | 11
Updated 1 year ago | 2
Updated 10 months ago | 4


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