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Impact Intellectual Capital On Performance Of Pakistan Universities Accounting Essay
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Nowadays organizations need to exploit all their resources to sustain success including tangible and intangible assets. The intangible assets are often called an organization's intellectual capital, which is a critical success factor, not only for knowledge-intensive organizations, but also for other organizations. Sa´nchez, Elena and Castrillo, (2009) defined Intellectual Capital (IC) as "it is about how to let the knowledge of an organization work for it and have it create value" and the intellectual capital of an organization is sum of human capital, structural capital and customer capital (Edvinsson and Malone, 1997). This research deepens the understanding of the role of intellectual capital in organizational performance from the perspective of universities in developing nation like Pakistan. In a different economic setup the study contributes to intellectual capital literature of developing countries where different political, economic and cultural environment provide different opportunities and challenges to organizations. Universities are major source that transfer scientific and technical knowledge to society and to the business organizations which reveals its significant contribution to economic growth of country. This study will investigate the relationship and effect of universities' intellectual capital (IC) with performance of universities in Pakistan. The IC of university will be used as independent variable and university performance as dependent variable. The Skandia Navigator will be taken as measuring method of IC because it considers both financial and non financial aspects of whole system. Besides descriptive analysis, testing hypotheses correlation and multiple-regression will be selected and data will be gathered from both public and private sector universities by questionnaire. The result will support the hypotheses that IC of university has an effect and relationship with university performance as it revealed in other business organization.
Nowadays, economic conditions of doing business in developing countries are changing very rapidly due to reasons like scarcity and depletion of resources, political and economic environment, development of new technologies and ignorance of importance of key institutions those help in the growth and development of developing countries. Higher educational institutions/Universities are one of critical institutions that can play crucial role in the development of any nation especially for developing counties. Universities can make a unique contribution to economic development through knowledge-based activities like new product development, industry formation, and job creation, sources of capital, marketing, quality of life, development of social networks and human capital resources. During last ten years, Government of Pakistan is spending a large amount of financial resources to transform Universities' system to improve quality, so the performance and quality of these universities can be compared with local and international universities. Financial and social pressures also force universities to manage their capital in such a way that produce high quality output and that can attract local market/industry, investors as well as make place in international market to hire their output in multinational organizations. Capital, in the business context, refers to any asset that will produce future cash flows. The most well known asset types are tangible and intangible. Tangible capital refers to the physical and financial assets of the organization (land, machinery, inventory, plants, trucks, shareowners equity, retained earnings, working capital, prepaid expenses, accounts receivables, etc). Intangible assets are the skills of the workforce and its organization. The term Intangible Assets can often be found in the accounting literature, whereas the term Knowledge Assets is used by economists and intellectual capital (IC) is used in the management and legal literature, but all refer essentially to the same thing: "the intangible value contained in the heads and relationships of employees, management staff, customers and other stakeholders". IC encompasses not only the contents of employees' minds but also the complex intangible structure that surrounds them and makes the organization function. The terms Intangible Assets, Knowledge Assets/Capital or Intellectual Assets/Capital are often used as synonyms. Stewart (1998) used the term 'Intellectual Capital' first time. There is a consensus that Intellectual Capital itself is composed of three distinct types of capital - Human Capital, Structural Capital and Relational Capital.
• Human Capital is the availability of skills, talent and know-how of employees that is required
to perform the everyday tasks that are required by the firm's strategy.
• Structural Capital is the availability of information systems, knowledge applications, databases,
processes and other infrastructure required to support the firm in executing it's strategy.
• Relational Capital is the external linkage of the Company with Suppliers and Customers that
enables it to procure and sell goods and services in an effortless manner.
The growing interest regarding intangibles and intellectual capital (IC) has extended from business firms to public, private institutions, universities and government departments but still couple of researches on universities and research centers to study impact of intellectual capital on performance. Universities are unique in its characteristics as that these institutions use intangible as their input and transform it and produce intangible output to market. The performance of universities directly affects the performance of other organizations because output of universities is utilized by other organizations. Therefore, measuring university's performance and efficiency are important in all aspects. Can˜ibano and Sa´nchez, (2009), Sa´nchez and Elena, (2006) studied the importance of measuring and managing IC in universities and some methodological and conceptual framework developed within an Observatory of European Universities (OEU).
The important reason to measure intellectual capital for university is that intellectual capital of universities are assumed to be in highest level and these institutions are the source that produce new knowledge. For this contribution Higher Education Commission of Pakistan provided assistance and funds to transform universities' system for better performance and quality enhancement to make them more comparable, flexible, transparent, and competitive to contribute for expanding economic growth of Pakistan.
Study Objectives:
The objectives of this thesis are to analyze some fundamental challenges regarding the measurement of the intellectual capital (IC), impact and relationship of IC with performance of a university. A large amount of governmental funds has been given to both public and private sector universities to improve system and quality of output produced. Universities are one of important institutions of learning industry that have unique characteristics of both input and output in the form of intangibles. Most of researchers have selected IT, Financial institutions, Engineering firms, Hotel, Hospital and Auto industry to study the impact of intellectual capital on organizational performance. Although, there is no published study conducted in Pakistan related to Intellectual capital's effect on organizational performance. Only few studies were conducted related to human capital or human development in Pakistan. Few studies were carried out in developing countries like 'Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia' related to intellectual capital reporting and measurement methods used in business organizations.
Therefore the main objectives for my study are as follows:
To investigate the role of intellectual capital in the context universities of Pakistan.
To study the relationships and impact of IC with university performance/efficiency.
To examine the role of IC to compare universities of both public and private sector.
To understand consequences of IC for developing countries.
Problem Statement:
Intellectual capital is a newly emerging discipline. Organizations whether for profit and not for profit in Pakistan competing for market share and try to utilize their resources better to take advantage over their competitors. The dynamic economic conditions force organizations to use their resources efficiently and perform effectively. The performance of organizations is normally a gauge of any country's economic growth. Intellectual capital has a crucial role in performance of organizations (Bontis, Keow and Richardson 2000). Traditionally, universities have been performing the two main functions of teaching and research for a long time. In recent years universities are required to play the third role of economic and social development. There are not many researches and case studies available, regarding intellectual capital that covers universities of developing country, especially in the context of Pakistan. Mostly the literature focuses around knowledge intensive service companies such as consultancies, auto, hotel, hospitals, telecom, banks and retail companies. The impact of intellectual capital on performance in universities of a developing country was not explored extensively with reference to Pakistan. Therefore, "it is very significant to investigate the role and impact of intellectual capital on overall performance and efficiency of universities in Pakistan."
Literature Review and Hypothesis Development:
Generally, IC is defined as creative abilities of human brain or mind. Bontis, Keow and Richardson (2000), Ying, Wang and Chang, (2005) investigated the inter-relationship among the independent variables, human capital, structural capital and customer capital and the dependent variable, business performance in both service and non service industry in Malaysia and information technology (IT) industry in Taiwan. Based on Partial least square (PLS), they found that intellectual capital has a significant and substantive relationship with business performance regardless of industry sector. The result supported hypothesis that "Each intellectual capital element directly and positively affects performance". Future research may show that this link can be generalized to other countries and virtually all industries.
Kok (2007) described human capital, structural capital and customer capital as important variables of intellectual capital, which forms part of the knowledge management initiatives of institutes of higher learning. The skills and expertise of university staff as part of its human capital were focused. Structural capital encompasses aspects such as the role of innovation and intellectual property rights. Customer capital of the university and the knowledge of stakeholders in the field of tertiary education are becoming more important. The study results done at the Rand Afrikaans University, indicated that the effective management of the institution's intellectual capital can enhance performance and this framework could be used with great success at other institutions of higher education that wish to measure their intellectual capital.
There is a growing interest in universities because universities´ main goals are the production and diffusion of knowledge and their investments are in research and human resources. Prejmerean and Vasilache (2008) applied three-way analysis to the components of academic capital at Romanian University of Economics, Bucharest by using Skandia Intellectual capital Value Scheme, with data (2003/2004, 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008) showed the positive relations between the various components of IC of academic. Sa´nchez, Elena and Castrillo, (2009), Elena, et.al, (2006) analyzed the implementation of intellectual capital (IC) management and reporting mechanisms in universities and research organizations, traditionally used by private companies. They presented an IC report specially designed for universities, suggesting a battery of indicators for resources related to research activity, and discussed current challenges in relation to establishing standards for universities to manage and report on their IC and the difficulties in capturing the process dynamics.
Peng, Pike, and Roos, (2007), referred Intellectual capital as "valuable, intangible and inimitable resources for value creation of a firm". They linked the IC perspective with hospital performance by using Balance Score Card to focus on four aspects: 1) Clinical utilization & outcomes; 2) Financial performance & condition (financial viability, efficiency, liquidity, capital, and human resources);3) Patient satisfaction; 4) System integration & management innovation (information use, internal coordination of care, and hospital-community integration). The results revealed relationship between intellectual capital elements and performance.
Truls, Westnes and Siren, (2003) evaluated the intellectual capital of hotels in the Radisson SAS Hotels and Resorts hotel chain by using the ICAP methodology and questionnaire, 16 hotels were included in the research (total of 254 questionnaires). The study explored the potential relationship between intellectual capital and business performance. The findings indicated that it is useful to evaluate a hotel's intellectual capital due to its potential relationship with business performance. Saldamli (2008) examined the relation among performance factors, quality measures and the intellectual capital of hotels in Istanbul. A specific scorecard is defined in order to analyze the focus points, the barriers and the relations among the human, structural and customer capital strategies. The linear regression analysis found the relationship between performance and the intellectual capital and supported the hypotheses: "Quality performance is dependent on Intellectual Capital factors" and "Financial performance is dependent on Intellectual capital factors". It was suggested that the business performance can be calculated as an integration of quality, financial and intellectual performances. It was also observed that financial performance is no longer sufficient to define the performance of a hotel.
Muhammad and Ismail, (2009) investigated the efficiency of intellectual capital and its performance in 18 Malaysian financial companies for 2007. It was found that the banking sector relied more on intellectual capital followed by insurance companies and Brokerage firms and also found that intellectual capital has significant and positive relationships with company's performance measured by profitability and Return on Assets (ROA) by using (VAICTM). Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of intellectual capital (measured by human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency and capital employed) on firm's performance. Zhang, Zhu, and Kong (2006) used listed auto firms in the China's Securities Market; and examined the relation between intellectual capital and enterprise's performance. They found that IC was having more and more important influence on enterprise's achievement compared to matter capital. The study used (VAIC) method. The results showed that matter capital and intellectual capital play a positive promoting role on the enterprise performance, and intellectual capital plays a more significant relationship and role on the enterprise performance than physical capital do; the components of intellectual capital, human capital and structure capital also play positive promoting roles on business performance. Chen, Cheng and Hwang (2005) investigated empirically the relation between the value creation efficiency and firms' market valuation and financial performance. Using data from Taiwanese listed companies and (VAICTM) as the efficiency measure of intellectual capital, and used regression models to examine the relationship between corporate value creation efficiency and firms' market-to-book value ratios, and explore the relation between intellectual capital and firms' current as well as future financial performance. The results support the hypothesis that "firms' intellectual capital has a positive impact on market value and financial performance", and may be an indicator for future financial performance.
Bramhandkar, Erickson, and Applebee (2007) measured the impact of intellectual capital management on organizational performance of pharmaceutical firms/drug industry. From data of 139 firms, they found firms with the highest level of intangible assets clearly performed better than those with lower levels. The high level firms had significantly better returns and significantly less variability in stock price. The hypothesis "Firms within an industry doing a better job of managing IC should see better performance" was used. Researchers measured IC by Tobin's Q. In terms of performance, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and return on investment (ROI) were taken and only one year of data was used. Results suggested that a strong relationship exist between successful development of intellectual capital and organizational performance.
Huang and Hsueh, (2007) analyzed the correlation between intellectual capital and business performance. The investigation in Taiwan's engineering consulting firms was conducted for understanding the acquisition and development status of intellectual capital and exploring the influence of intellectual capital on business performance. Result from sample of 101 Taiwan's engineering consulting firms showed that the structural capital and relational capital showed better performance, while human capital has poorer performance. Iswati and Anshori, (2007) studied empirically the influence of intellectual on insurance company's performance, especially financial performance by using data from Indonesia Capital Market Directory 2005. The hypothesis "Intellectual Capital has influence to organization performance in Insurance companies in Jakarta Stock Exchange" was tested by regression model at 0.05. The main conclusion was intellectual capital has influence on bank's performance. Besides that, there was significant positive relation between human being capital and organization performance in both low knowledge base organization and high knowledge-base organization.
These previous studies support that elements of intellectual capital ultimately affect performance indirectly through their interrelationship. Based on the cause-effect framework, this study will use hypotheses as follows.
"There is a significant effect of intellectual capital on performance/efficiency of universities in Pakistan."
"There is a significant association between human capital and university performance."
"There is a significant association between relational capital and university performance."
"There is a significant association between structural capital and university performance."
Conceptual Model: Source: Huang and Hsueh, (2007)
The main objectives of this study are: to analyze some fundamental challenges regarding the measurement of the intellectual capital (IC) in university context; impact and relationship of IC with performance of a university. Therefore, study will use quantitative approach by using primary data from questionnaire as data gathering tool besides secondary sources. The one of the objective is to study cause-effect relation between variable in which intellectual capital will be used as "predictor variable" and university performance as "criterion variable".
Independent variables
Intellectual capital will be taken as independent variable for the study. Stewart (1998) defines intellectual capital (IC) in terms of organizational resources relating to wealth creation through investment in knowledge, information, intellectual property, and experience, while it is defined by Edvinsson and Malone (1997) as 'the possession of knowledge, applied experience, organizational technology, customer relationships and professional skills to gain a competitive edge in the market'. A number of scholars described that IC has three primary interrelated non-financial sub-variables/components: human capital, structural capital and relational capital (Bontis, 1998; Roos et al., 1997; Stewart, 1997), which will be used as sub variables of IC.
Sa´nchez, Elena and Castrillo, (2009), defined IC for universities as:
Human Capital is defined as the knowledge that the human resources (Faculty, researches, PhD students and administrative staff) would take with them if they left the institution.
Structural/Organizational Capital is defined as the knowledge that stays within the institution at the end of the working day. It comprises university's governance principles, the organizational routines, procedures, systems, cultures, databases, intellectual property, etc.
Relational Capital is defined as all resources linked to the external relationships of the university such as "customers", "suppliers", R&D partners, Government, etc.
Dependant variable
The dependent variable for study will be performance of universities. The university performance will be measured based on five dimensions i.e. profitability (measured by growth and market share of university), quality (quality of services provided), expansion of university, satisfaction of university members and overall performance.
Intellectual capital measurement methods
In previous researches, there are various approaches used for the measurement of intellectual capital like intellectual capital indexes (Ying, Wang and Chang, 2005; Chu et al., 2005), and Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAICTM), Different Market to Book (DiffMtoB), Market Book Ratio (MBR) and Economic Value Added (EVA) (Chen, Cheng and Hwang, 2005; Goh, 2005; Kamaluddin and Sanusi, 2006). Peng, Pike, and Roos (2007), Saldamli (2008) used balanced scorecard, Kok (2007) Prejmerean and Vasilache (2008) used Skandia Intellectual capital Value Scheme to measure IC for higher learning Universities. There are four basic methods to classify measurement models for intellectual capital are Market capitalization, Return on assets, Direct intellectual capital method and Scorecard method.
Scorecard model: This model allows for measurement closer to actual inputs, processes, and outcomes. It is also particularly suitable for detection and correction of errors in aligning inputs and processes with the outputs and outcomes. Also it is the most applicable for measuring the intellectual capital of institutions of higher learning. There are fifteen models in scorecard.
It measures currently unmeasured intangible assets. An adaptation of the Skandia Navigator and the Skandia Value Scheme (SVS) seems to be the most appropriate for this study as the scheme focuses on the present, past and future of an organization. Although the past of the organization (financial reporting) will be a major component of future reporting by the university, as the financial willingness to increase intellectual capital will be directly influence by the availability of financial resources. With the Skandia Navigator the different areas that comprise intellectual capital are placed within the same framework as financial capital. Kok (2007) Prejmerean and Vasilache (2008) used the model Skandia Navigator to study IC in Universities of South Africa and Romania. This study will use this model to measure IC for universities in Pakistan.
Population and Sample
To accomplish study objectives the population of research will be consisting of those universities which are recognized by higher education commission (HEC) of Pakistan both in private and public sector and conducting PhD programs. There are 132 universities that are recognized by HEC and offering various programs in which 73 universities are in public sector and 59 universities in private sector. High competition among these private and public universities forces them to improve their quality in all areas and try to differentiate their institution on this basis. HEC allows universities to offer high level degree in all disciplines.
Sample will be collected from universities of Islamabad. The sample will consist of population elements that include faculty, higher administrative staff and students of graduate and post graduate level. These individuals are in better position to provide information related to study. There are sixteen universities in Islamabad in which thirteen are in public sector and three in private sector. The sampling will be randomly drawn from population of both private and public universities. The random sampling is selected because it provides equal chance to every member of population to be included in the study. It reduces biases or prejudices in selecting samples. The tool for this study will be questionnaire for data collection through primary and documents from both published and unpublished materials will be used for secondary data. Unit of analysis will be individuals (students, faculty and high rank administrative officers). For this study, intellectual capital will be measured based on perception of faculty, higher administrative staff and students on the intellectual capital in universities by using questionnaire and SPSS will be the software to analyze data.
Regression Test
Multiple regressions require a large number of observations. The number of participants must substantially exceed the number of predictor variables are using in regression. The absolute minimum is that study has five times as many participants as predictor variables.
Literature showed that Ying, Wang and Chang (2005), Bontis, Keow and Richardson (2000) used partial least squares to study the effect of IC on performance whereas Chen, Cheng and Hwang (2005), Saldamli (2008), Muhammad and Ismail (2009), Zhang, Zhu, and Kong (2006), Huang and Hsueh (2007), Iswati and Anshori (2007) used linear multiple regression model. Therefore, following regression equations will be used to test the hypothesis for this study:
University Performance = b1 structural capital + b2 Human capital + b3 Relational capital + ε
Y = b1 X1 + b2 X2 + b3 X3 + ε.
Y= University performance,
X1 = structural capital of university,
X2 = University's human capital,
X3 = relational capital of university,
ε = error term
Results of previous articles (Muhammad and Ismail (2009), Bramhandkar, Erickson and Applebee (2007), Huang and Hsueh (2007), Iswati and Anshori (2007), Peng, Pike, and Roos (2007), Zhang, Zhu, and Kong (2006), Ying, Wang and Chang (2005), Chen, Cheng and Hwang (2005), Truls, Westnes and Siren (2003), Bontis, Keow and Richardson (2000) showed that there is a positive relationship among the elements of intellectual capital and with performance of organizations and intellectual capital has significant effect on performance of organizations. It is observed that there is a significant positive correlation among the three dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural and relational) and business performance. The expected results (both descriptive and inferential analysis) of this study will show that significant effect of IC on performance of universities and will have positive correlation among the dimensions of intellectual capital of universities and with university performance as in previous studies.


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- Accommodation
- Golf
Texas Scramble
2017 dates now available
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March Spa Offer
from £69.00 per person
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St Andrews Bar & Grill
Scottish Steak & Seafood
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Easter Activity Schedule
Family activities during the Holidays!
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Dream Weddings
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British Golf Museum
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Visit this living shrine to golfing, following the game from its days of inception to modern times. The perfect activity while on a golf break.


text: For many years, and since the emergence of Amazon and other online e-commerce platforms, brick-and-mortar retailers have complained about and suffered from showrooming. Shoppers go into the store, touch/try the product, and then order it online, sometimes from their smart phones while still in store. Initially, showrooming was considered one of the biggest threats to traditional retailing. Today, many of these same traditional retailers have fought back with more progressive and dynamic pricing supported by their competitive price intelligence solution. Some experts have started to suggest that the tide is turning back – shoppers browse online, drive to the store, and buy the product once they are assured of a competitive price. This is termed "reverse showrooming". Other experts also suggest that the showrooming threat may have been blown out of proportion. Whether you agree or not is irrelevant. What matters is that some brick-and-mortar retailers have found a way to compete effectively with online giants by playing to their strengths of physical location and in-store product availability coupled with near-real time price intelligence.


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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Edlyng Early OriginsThe surname Edlyng was first found in Northumberland and later in Berwickshire where the old barony so named was located in the parish of Chirnside. [1]CITATION[CLOSE] Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3) Edrington is a medieval estate which dates back to at least the 14th century located in the lower part of Mordington parish in Berwickshire. One of the first records of the family was William Edington (died 1366), the English bishop and administrator. He served as Bishop of Winchester from 1346 until his death, Keeper of the Wardrobe (1341-1344), Treasurer (1344-1356), and lastly Chancellor from 1356 to 1363. He founded the Edington Priory in Wiltshire and starting the extensive rebuilding of Winchester Cathedral. Sir Robert de Lawedre of Edrington (died 1425) was a Burgess of Edinburgh and a confidant of King Robert III and guardian of his son, the future James I of Scotland. Edington is a parish in the union of Westbury and Whorwelsdown, hundred of Whorwelsdown in Wiltshire. "The bishops of Salisbury had a palace here, which was plundered and destroyed during the rebellion of Jack Cade, in 1450, when Bishop Ayscough was dragged from the altar of his chapel, where he was officiating at mass, and stoned to death on a neighbouring hill." [2]CITATION[CLOSE] Erdington in Warwickshire was another ancient family seat. "The manor originally belonged to the earls of Mercia, and was given at the time of the Conquest to William Fitz-Ausculf, from whose descendants it passed in the reign of John to Thomas de Erdington, that monarch's ambassador to the court of Spain, by whose family the ancient manor-house, now Erdington Hall, was built." [2]CITATION[CLOSE] Edlyng Spelling VariationsEdlyng Spelling VariationsUntil the dictionary, an invention of only the last few hundred years, the English language lacked any comprehensive system of spelling rules. Consequently, spelling variations in names are frequently found in early Anglo-Saxon and later Anglo-Norman documents. One person's name was often spelled several different ways over a lifetime. The recorded variations of Edlyng include Eddington, Edington, Edlington, Erdington, Eddingtone and many more. Edlyng Early HistoryEdlyng Early HistoryThis web page shows only a small excerpt of our Edlyng research. Another 287 words (20 lines of text) covering the years 1100, 1296, 1346, 1479, 1594, 1850, 1366, 1346, 1341, 1344, 1344, 1356 and 1356 are included under the topic Early Edlyng History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Edlyng Early Notables (pre 1700)Edlyng Early Notables (pre 1700)Notables of this surname at this time include: Sir Henri Erdington; and William Edington (died 1366), Bishop of Winchester from 1346 until his death, Keeper of the wardrobe from... Another 28 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Edlyng Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. Edlyng In IrelandEdlyng In IrelandSome of the Edlyng family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. Another 45 words (3 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. The Great MigrationThe Great MigrationThousands of English families boarded ships sailing to the New World in the hope of escaping the unrest found in England at this time. Although the search for opportunity and freedom from persecution abroad took the lives of many because of the cramped conditions and unsanitary nature of the vessels, the opportunity perceived in the growing colonies of North America beckoned. Many of the settlers who survived the journey went on to make important contributions to the transplanted cultures of their adopted countries. The Edlyng were among these contributors, for they have been located in early North American records: Robert Eddington who settled in Virginia in 1685; John Edlington settled in Philadelphia in 1813; John Edington settled in Jamaica in 1684. Edlyng Family Crest ProductsEdlyng Family Crest ProductsSee AlsoSee AlsoCitationsCitations
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The Edlyng Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Edlyng Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname. This page was last modified on 25 October 2016 at 08:13. Sign Up
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Hotel Plagwitzer Hof
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Hotel Plagwitzer Hof
About the hotel
Property Location
Located in Leipzig (Plagwitz), Hotel Plagwitzer Hof is minutes from Galerie Eigen+Art and Schaubühne im Lindenfels. This hotel is within close proximity of City Gallery Am Markt and Arena Leipzig.
Make yourself at home in one of the 39 individually decorated guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have showers and hair dryers. Conveniences include phones, housekeeping is provided daily, and you can request irons/ironing boards.
Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge. A complimentary buffet breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
The front desk is staffed during limited hours.
Hotel Facilities
- Free WiFi
- Meeting rooms
- Total number of rooms - 39
- Year Built 1900
- Number of floors - 5
- Bar/lounge
- Number of buildings/towers - 2
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Free breakfast
Room Facilities
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Individually decorated
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Daily housekeeping
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- A resort fee is included in the total price displayed.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- In-room safe fee: EUR 2.00 per stay
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
The charges below are included in your overall room price:
- Resort fee
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
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And then you can follow up with a newsreel- style summary of his life - born in New York; favourite son of Jewish immigrants who had prospered in the optician's trade; trained (briefly) at the Juilliard and New York University; early days as a conductor before being plucked off to Hollywood by Orson Welles.
And then a swift montage of significant moments in his career: De Niro prowling through New York by night, eyeing the hookers and the pimps, to the unwinding of a sleazy, Ellingtonian blues. The shower scene in Psycho, Anthony Perkins slashing at Janet Leigh while violins shriek. Kim Novak, in Vertigo, emerging from the bathroom the living image of James Stewart's dead love, while the soundtrack swells into unashamed Wagnerian pastiche. Or the bit in North by Northwest when the cropduster swoops across the wide, blank prairies and straight at Cary Grant's head, and in the background the orchestra is playing . . . nothing at all, actually.
Now that's a Herrmann moment. The thing about Bernard Herrmann wasn't just that he could rescue a scene, even an entire film, with great music; he also knew when to leave well alone. Elmer Bernstein, who conducts the RPO on a new album of Herrmann's film music, From Citizen Kane to Taxi Driver, struggling to categorise his talent settles for: 'He was - and this you can't describe - he was just a superior dramatist.'
Maybe you can't describe it, but you can observe it at work. Take Psycho (1960), the Hitchcock film that has the least dialogue and relies most on music for effect. When the film was finished but still unscored, the director was in despair, seriously contemplating slashing it down to an hour and selling it to television. Herrmann persuaded Hitchcock to let him record the music before he did anything rash: and he transformed it.
There are a number of remarkable things about the Psycho soundtrack. Apart from anything else, it's probably the only film that has ever been scored for strings alone - Herrmann said that he wanted to find an equivalent for the black and white of the film, a kind of aural monochrome. And, of course, there is the shower scene, where the stabbing chords don't merely imitate the
murderer and the victim, but also refer to the stuffed birds that Norman keeps in his parlour. (Hitchcock originally insisted that there should be no music for the murders. Herrmann argued, and proved his point.)
But other, less exciting sequences are even more impressive for the way that Herrmann sustains the tension: the scene where Janet Leigh is packing in her room, debating with herself whether she should take her boss's dollars 40,000 and run, or the whole sequence that comes right after, when she is driving away from town, constantly checking in her rear-view mirror. Taken together, these two sequences take up nearly 10 minutes of screen-time. Replay the video with the sound turned down and they're long minutes: what you see is a pretty, vaguely worried-looking girl creasing her eyebrows and blinking a lot, an unimpressive shorthand for internal torture. The music adds a missing dimension of anxiety, turning the drive into a journey into fear.
You can see the force of Herrmann's assertion, in an interview tacked on at the end of the new disc, that film needs music to live. If you don't believe him, 'all you'd have to do would be to look at any film without music, and it would be almost unbearable to look at it'. But reverse that, play the music without the images, and you can see how this cuts both ways. The 'Scene d'Amour' from Vertigo (1958) - re-used to terrific effect in Stephen Daldry's recent National Theatre production of An Inspector Calls - offers a couple of wonderful climactic moments, never mind that they're blatantly ripped off from the Liebestod in Tristan. But, to borrow Rossini's famous crack about Wagner, there are some awful quarter hours. To be strictly accurate, the Vertigo music actually only makes you wait about three minutes for the main action; but it feels much, much longer because virtually nothing happens, nothing develops.
In the cinema, though, it works. While Herrmann seems to be marking time, he's freezing a moment, an emotion, and making it last forever. Bernstein speaks admiringly of 'his ability to spin an entire score out of relatively few notes': take the main theme for North by Northwest (1959) - a frantic fandango, alternating 3/4 and 6/8, supposed by Herrmann to hint at the 'mad dance with the world' that Cary Grant leads through the film. According to Bernstein, 'It's just amazing when you analyse that piece and break it down: it seems to be based on almost nothing.'
In the concert hall that ability to spin things out was probably a handicap. Herrmann was a serious musician, with serious ambitions and tastes - as a staff conductor at CBS radio in the Thirties and early Forties, he championed Charles Ives and little-known British composers such as Delius and Rubbra. But his own work - the early cantata Moby Dick and the four-act opera Wuthering Heights, for instance - tends to be rambling and unsatisfactory. Elmer Bernstein suggests that 'Had he not done film, his concert works would probably have been better compositions.'
But you can see how repetition and economy worked for him in the cinema right from the start. After he had worked with Welles on dozens of radio shows, including the legendary, panic-inducing broadcast of War of the Worlds, he was asked to score Citizen Kane (1941). The integration of music and drama was revolutionary. There's plenty of variety, but the body of the music comes from just a couple of brief motifs which follow Kane around, commenting on him and offering hints to the audience. In the opening shots of Xanadu, you can hear a short theme played on vibraphone as the camera pauses on a sled marooned among Kane's junk. The same notes recur as the dying Kane gasps 'Rosebud'; and again, blared out by full orchestra, when the sled is consigned to the furnace at the end. Everything comes full circle. It's satisfyingly neat.
Bernstein thinks that Herrmann was the first truly American film composer, and there is a lot of American music in his first two films, Kane and The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941), which won him his only Oscar. But after that, the Americanisms aren't so obvious; Christopher Palmer, his assistant on Taxi Driver, says (in his book The Composer in Hollywood) that Herrmann was essentially European in outlook. Certainly he always had a strong Anglophile streak, apparently sparked by boyhood reading of Dickens and Sherlock Holmes. And he spent his last years in London, work having more or less dried up in Hollywood after the split with Hitchcock - which happened, sadly, over the mediocre Cold War thriller Torn Curtain (1966), a project unworthy of either of their talents. Instead, he scored a succession of mediocre British films, including a dull adaptation of Agatha Christie's Endless Night (1971), before returning to Hollywood one last time for Taxi Driver. The music here is not all his own - he was unwell by this time - but there's the same economy, and the same sense of neatness, of things coming full circle. Here, the jazzy theme that announces Cybill Shepherd reappears in distorted form after the big shoot-out, to let you know that it's sex that has brought Travis Bickle to this pass.
He died the night that recording finished. But he ended his career the way he'd begun, with two Oscar nominations in the same year - Taxi Driver and Brian De Palma's Obsession. Things came full circle. That was neat. He'd have liked that.
'From Citizen Kane to Taxi Driver' (Milan) is released on Thurs. We have 20 copies to give away to the first 20 readers to tell us which of Herrmann's scores was updated by Elmer Bernstein for a film released in 1991. Answers on a postcard to: Herrmann, Arts Desk, Independent on Sunday, 40 City Rd, London EC1Y 2DB by Mon 22 Nov. Usual competition rules apply; the editor's decision is final.
(Photographs omitted)
- More about:
- Alfred Hitchcock
- Milan
- New York University
- Sherlock Holmes


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THE WORLD HAS BEEN INVADED BY ALIENS! It's up to a nerdy, lazy high school kid to save it!
3.82 / 5.00 6,852 ViewsLog in to save your medals! Don't have an account? Create one for free!
Sapphire the Slime is on her way to fight the ghost slime. Fight and platform your way through the world to reach him. Locate all the secret levels and items to reach 100% completion.
I made this game as an entree into a small 'make a game in one week' contest.
Creative Commons material provided on the StencylForge by:
Sunrise Kingdom
Metal Renard
A very simple platform game, a bit confusing at first, maybe an introduction or more guidance at the beginning? Still enjoyable and EXTREMELY catchy music.
i give it 2 stars cause its ok but its but its boring and the controls r sticky atleast for me
I didn't find this to be that good. I think it's mainly because there wasn't much of a background or designs. I didn't even know if you could stomp on the heads of those yellow guys. I was impressed at how there was a bit of creativity here and there. It did seem pretty out of place. Nothing just seemed to match up too well in this game.
You have this girl who is made of sapphire and it looks like she's in a Mario-esque setting. I guess it probably doesn't make any less sense than most Mario games. The music is pretty decent at least. You mispelled "saphire", but that may have been the point. The artwork just looks too rough.
Good game. But the way she moves is a bit to fluid/its a tad bit hard to control her. I like your idea though. Good job!


text: Is the Solution to Tech Overload More Tech?Gina Trapani6/14/08 2:24pmFiled to: Ask the ReadersInformation overload20EditPromoteShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalinkRunning a web site that pumps out almost 20 posts a day about how to be more productive, we're already aware of the irony of technology that tries to fix the problems that technology presents. The New York Times gets hip to the Catch-22 in an article today on the firms and software applications out to stem the tide of information overload that this field has created: Advertisement "There's a competitive advantage of figuring out how to address this problem," [IBM researcher John] Tang said. He said that there was "a certain amount of irony" in the fact that the solutions are coming from the very companies that built the digital systems in the first place.The introspection in Silicon Valley comes with defensiveness, judging from conversations with those involved. Digital communications are sacrosanct, the tools of the revolution, so the criticisms of them are merely a path to thinking about how they can be done better. And, of course, the solution to the technology problem is simply more and better technology. Is that true? Or are we all crazy, and the true solution is less technology? Let us know what you think in the comments. Update: 43 Folders' Merlin Mann weighs in with his usual clear-headed analysis of email overload in regards to this article. Advertisement Lost in E-Mail, Tech Firms Face Self-Made Beast [NYT]Reply20 repliesLeave a reply


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Fonotopia Shorts: Obed Pickard
Posted in Fonotopia Short by nissarhusseinkhan on June 23, 2010
Jew's harp, guibarde, munnharpe, moorsing, dan moi, khmous, genggong–call it what you will, the modest instrument is about as universal as they come. Here, Ian serves up a 1927 recording of American practitioner Obed Pickard. The guy who introduced Ian to the record said "If you like weird records, there's a real weird one over there."


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Polyglot - translate and win
- Publisher: Mykhaylo Timashov
- Genre: Education
- Released: 23 Sep, 2013
- Size: 3.1 MB
- Price: FREE!
- App Store Info
Innovative game, where you have to translate words into different languages! Do you like puzzles, hangman and other word games, but you are looking for something new? "Polyglot" is for you!MANY LEVELS
A few thousands of levels are waiting for you! Translate words and get coins for this.
Can't translate the word? No problem, you can always use hints and remember translated word! You have an opportunity to learn 5 languages!
It is really interesting and exciting!
Check your skills in languages!
Play with your family!
Use hints and learn new words!
You will like this game even if you don't like word games such as crosswords and hangman. This game is much more exciting!
What's New in Version 1.1
NEW HINT - Friend's help.Bug fixes.


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Red Canyon, just to the west of Bryce Canyon in Utah, is the setting for this 360° panorama of the Milky Way rising over the eastern horizon:
In this nighttime view, the canyon plays "second fiddle" to the Milky Way above. In daytime hours the bright red soils in this canyon provide a stunning contrast to the green pines which dot this landscape.
Have a Great Day!
Martin van Hemert


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MIDNIGHT MIRAGE consists of five young musicians who migrated from all over the U.S. to Hollywood to make music together. Number 7 and rising on Billboard's Next Big Sound Charts, the band is poised for international success. Combining aspects of pop, rock, soul, and R&B, singer/songwriter/frontman TS and his band have produced a number of catchy tracks that will get you on your feet! Their songs' blunt, meaningful lyrics speak hard truth that their audience can relate to. "Our goal is for every fan to forget about today, yesterday or tomorrow and just live in the moment -- at least while they're with us", says TS.
MIDNIGHT MIRAGE has worked with executive producer Kevin Savigar (Rod Stewart, Josh Gracin, The Cheetah Girls) for over a year. The blend of songs they've created has been inspired by some of their favorite musicians, including One Republic (Ryan Tedder), Maroon 5 (Adam Levine), Pink, The Fray, Gavin Degraw, Jason Mraz, The Rocket Summer and The Script -- to name just a few.
MIDNIGHT MIRAGE'S key tracks on their debut album include songs that speak the truth about their life experiences, relationships, and hardships: "Bad For You", a fun, sexy, edgy song warning a girl that she'll only get addicted; "Life is a Party" rejoices in not taking life too seriously; and "Scars," an emotional song about overcoming heartbreak. Other songs cover topics ranging from hypocrisy to wishing that society would find its humanity. Their combined talents have created not only music, but an "experience" that they are ready to share with the world.


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Part #24236235 Engine Clutch Pedal Control Cable - Photo ID 50743
Page Descritpion: Part #24236235 Engine Clutch Pedal Control Cable auto part photo. Engine auto part photos, Engine Parts Misc. auto part photos. GM/General Motors auto part photos. Image gallery of car part pictures
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Sixteen-year-old Rebecca Herrera Hayes faces every teenager's biggest nightmares: bad skin, bad hair, and worse . . . turning into one of the living dead. Becca's life changes forever when her cousin Spence comes back to their small Wisconsin town carrying a deadly secret??" he's becoming a zombie, a fate he shares with her through an accidental scratch. Now she must cope with weird physical changes and habits no girl wants to be noticed for. Then she meets Gabe, a good-looking part-Z like her and she fears she may be falling for him. But how can he, who shows hardly any Z symptoms, be interested in someone like her? Time is running out . . . and Becca needs his help as she and her cousin Carm search for their missing mothers and fight off hungry Zs. Most of all, she needs to find something, anything, to stop this deadly transformation before it is too late.
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Shep & Stilz: Digital Sol
Another fine summer-ready construction of smooth beats and rhymes from our resident lady lovin' duo.
Read MoreShep & DJ Stilz: Shep
[quickshop:Shep & DJ Stilz – Shep:price:8:shipping:0:shipping2:0:end][quickdonate:firstname.lastname@example.com:d_name:Support Shep & DJ Stilz:d_currency:CAD:d_locale:Canada:d_end] NEF109:From the opening moments of this masterpiece, an abundance of the most soulful jazz rolls to the forefront and carries the disc along the entire way. Slick production from the one and only Stilz (Second Architect, Impirical) lays the base down for the smoothest funksoul rapstyles by the mack daddy himself, the Shep (Chronikalz). $8 In My Soul My Lover She Got I Talk in My Dreams (Feat. EquAzn) It's...
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With the Christmas season quickly approaching, Operation Christmas Child is getting under way.
Operated under Samaritan's Purse, an international and evangelical relief organization, Operation Christmas Child is both a national and international project aimed at filling shoe boxes with gifts and sending them abroad to children in need.
Drop-offs will be accepted during the organization's national collection week Nov. 14-21.
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