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Multi-Club Access
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Your membership may entitle you to visit one of our other clubs around the UK. This guide sets out which other clubs you can use, and when.
Hang in there...
200 Aldersgate Street, Aldersgate EC1A 4HD
Already a member? 02077106160
Looking to join? +44 2077106160
Pool, spa, sauna and steam facilities will close 15 minutes before the advertised closing time to allow members to change
When you join our Aldersgate club you become part of our family. Right near Barbican station, Aldersgate is part of our Collection range where brilliant service, the latest innovations and added refinements come as standard.
Yoga is changing. To make it easier for everyone to find their inner peace, we now have classes in three categories, Strength, Align and Calm.
Discover YogaHave a dip in our indoor pool. Our 20m long swimming pool is crystal clear, super clean and has the space to stretch, crawl and dash.
New challenges, same high-intensity – the Pack is back with two more revolutionary ways to test your mettle. Take to the extraordinary bikes and compete in a ride you won't soon forget.
Discover The PackOur floor space is your head space. You'll find revolutionary Technogym equipment on our Gym Floor, as well as the latest innovations such as Woodway Curves, TRX and Water Rowers to help you get the most out of your workout
From barbells to kettlebells, pump, press, lift, swing and squat your way safely to a fitter, leaner, stronger, sculpted body.
From high energy to calm relaxation, our classes match your workout to your mood. Our studios are light, airy, inspiring spaces where you can have fun, forget frustrations and feel fitter.
Gently cocoon your body in our strong hammocks feeling a sense of weightlessness safely suspended above the ground. Decompress the spine, bend, flex and feel yoga bunny happy.
De-stress in our inner sanctuary. Leave life behind and luxuriate in a little tranquil time. Discover warmth works wonders - soothe weary muscles, give skin a healthy glow, detox and relax.
Eat, meet and retreat - enjoy a delicious healthy snack, chat or chill out in comfort. Keep well connected with friends, family and colleagues logging onto our free wifi and web stations.
Absolute beginners or seasoned climbers can safely scale the summit using different hand and foot holds to alter the degree of difficulty. Enjoy a rock solid total body workout.
Find everything you need and then some – Molton Brown shower products, GHD dryers and straighteners, and complimentary tea and coffee in our lounge – special comes as standard at our Aldersgate club.
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When you join us at Aldersgate, you'll find revolutionary pieces of kit such as the Queenax and Woodway Curves and the most cutting-edge classes, like our Anti-Gravity Yoga class.
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Our team is made up of fully qualified REPS Level 3 Personal Trainers, who have had an additional 80+ hours training within their time at Virgin Active, to make sure they're ready to help you reach your goals.
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With our membership you'll have access to 80 different classes a week, luxury spa facilities, top notch changing rooms and first class service from our friendly team.
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Yoga is changing. To make it easier for everyone to find their inner peace, we now have classes in three categories: Strength, Align and Calm.
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We have a range of memberships available at the club including 12 month Health & Fitness and a flexible monthly option.
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When you partner with Virgin Active, we'll help you put a little pep in your workforce's step. We offer part and fully company paid memberships, as well as part and fully employee-funded memberships. Visit our corporate memberships page to find out more.
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Three teams competing to win, high-intensity challenges and the latest in connected bike tech; this is no ordinary cycle class. Jump into the saddle and experience the ride of your life. The Pack has always been out in front when raising temperatures, heart-rates and fitness levels, and with more challenges you now have new ground to eat up as your team vies to win the class.
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Discover lights out, club anthems and good vibes in our exciting and exclusive group exercise class that's more like going out than working out.
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Arabesque with attitude, master muscles and define your derriere. Discover your dancer's body - be supple, strong and de-stress with our latest class that mixes ballet, Pilates and Yoga to increase flexibility, strength and tone.
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Escape the world safely suspended in a super strong, silky hammock that envelops your body like a protective cocoon. Feel a sense of calm as you gently sway a few feet above the ground doing graceful yoga poses. Work your core like never before, strengthen arms and tone legs.
1 / 3
Your membership may entitle you to visit one of our other clubs around the UK. This guide sets out which other clubs you can use, and when.
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Guest passes are available as an exclusive member benefit. Bring a friend and try all our facilities, classes and kit together.


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Our customers consistently find that in-mold labeling is a cost effective solution for the decoration of plastic containers. It removes the need for post-mold labeling, eliminating costly bottlenecks in production and requiring less manufacturing floor space.
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Contact us to learn more about our proven technology, innovation, value, and service that support many of the best brands in the world.
P&G looked to Multi-Color to incorporate a more premium look and feel in their laundry packaging for a better shelf presence. Any new embellishments needed to go across the Multi-Color portfolio which spans multiple decorations, including in-mold labels.
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MCC provides our customers a heightened level of possibilities with the addition of foils to in-mold labels. Our labels can be produced with a multitude of foils ranging from silvers to various holographic patterns; all of which can be overprinted with inks and varnishes to further enhance designs. MCC's in-mold labels with foil provide an ultra-premium look that is sure to stand out on shelf.
The 2-Ply IML allows CPG manufacturers to offer coupons and advertisements directly on blow molded IML bottles but only go through one production run. Thereby simplifying the promotional process and bringing flexibility to one's marketing capabilities without sacrificing operational time or efficiencies with multiple passes on press

subset: commoncrawl


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Brookdale Madison West provides Assisted Living and Alzheimer's and Dementia Care options for seniors. In the heart of Madison's West side, our community offers a loving and comfortable home, with well-appointed accommodations, restaurant-style dining and many opportunities to engage individual interests, passion and purpose.
Private residences are available in a variety of styles and sizes and were designed and built to provide the comfort and privacy you have in your own home. Our charming community is the perfect place for seniors to make new friendships and retire with honor.
Nurturing caregivers take time to know you and your family and the passions and hobbies that interest you. Every day is filled with life-enriching activities that are created and and based upon individual desires. We want to provide you with a wonderful lifestyle, allowing you to do what you can and helping you remain as independent as possible.
Our community encompasses the perfect senior living experience for each resident. Whether gathering in the family room, choosing a book from the selection in our library or meeting friends for coffee or tea in the outdoor courtyard, there are a selection of activities and programs to share with new friends and neighbors.
Nearby attractions make exciting day excursions and can include a tour of the Olbrich Botanical Gardens, Alliant Energy Center and Madison Geology Museum.
Residents can join trips to local boutiques and restaurants or enjoy a peaceful scenic drive. Our diversified recreational program offers activities that are centered around personal requests and desires, and we take pride in making each day rewarding.
Brookdale's substantial investments in our culinary program and staffing, allow us to provide mealtime experiences that set our communities apart from the competition. Three restaurant-style meals are prepared for our residents each day and served in the group dining room area. We have one of the industry's leading dining services, fulfilling our residents while meeting dietary requirements.
From our culinary training program for community chefs, to our select seasonings and bakery programs, we have created one of the industry's leading dining services. We continue to satisfy the preferences and nutritional needs of residents with delicious dining choices.
Providing thoughtfully crafted, nutritionally well-balanced dishes is of the utmost importance to us. Our passion for great food and service is evident in menus developed by the Culinary Arts Institute of Brookdale, making certain we offer a first-rate dining experience each and every day.
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Come see how our exceptional blend of hospitality and service can give you the freedom to live life as you choose, with the care and support you desire. Please call us today or fill out the online form and we will be in touch.


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Several footages were taken at Michelle's shop, from sketching and designing of her wedding gown to the fitting of her entourage. Romantic scenes with Ricky were taken at their residence in Lipa, while family activities at Malarayat Golf and Country Club.
Ricky and Michelle Pre-nup Video
29 September 2007
Lipa, Batangas
Reality Wedding Video by Buddy Gancenia is a wedding video producer and videographer in the Philippines.


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Not Another Teen Movie Review
Stuffed solid with references to nearly ever teen-related movie made in the last 20 years (including a few I never knew were teen films -- American Beauty and Almost Famous?), Not Another Teen Movie is a headache-inducing, lame-ass ride down memory lane. It's a mystery just who the filmmakers think this movie's target audience is, considering that those of us who grew up in the '80s are most likely not going to get all the '90s teen movie references, and vice versa.
Continue reading: Not Another Teen Movie Review


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Congo Bill (serial)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Congo Bill | |
Original poster for Congo Bill
Directed by | Spencer Gordon Bennet Thomas Carr |
Starring | Don McGuire Cleo Moore Jack Ingram I. Stanford Jolley Leonard Penn Nelson Leigh |
Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
Release date
Running time
15 chapters |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Congo Bill (1948) is a Columbia movie serial based on the DC Comics character Congo Bill.
A girl is about to inherit a fortune, but she is missing in Africa. Only then, family charges Congo Bill, an adventurer, to find her, and bring her back to civilization. He follows a legend about a mysterious White Queen, but his path is full of difficulties, by an inhospitable jungle, and the man who will lose the fortune if the girl is found alive...
- Don McGuire as Congo Bill, famed hunter and animal trainer
- Cleo Moore as Queen Lureen/ Ruth Culver, white ruler of a forbidden valley in Africa and the missing heiress to the Culver fortune
- Jack Ingram as Cameron, mysterious trader
- I. Stanford Jolley as Bernie McGraw, villainous trustee of the Culver fortune
- Leonard Penn as Andre Bocar, owner of the seedy African bar The Green Parrot Inn, in Bernie McGraw's pay and working for his own ends
- Nelson Leigh as Dr Greenway
- Charles King as Kleeg, employee of Andre Bocar in The Green Parrot Inn
- Armida Vendrell as Zalea
- Hugh Prosser as Morelli
- Neyle Morrow as Kahla
- Fred Graham as Villabo
- Rusty Wescoatt as Ivan
- Anthony Warde as Rogan
- Stephen Carr as Tom McGraw, murdered brother of Bernie McGraw and trustee of the Culver fortune
- William Fawcett as Blinky
- Knox Manning as Narrator
- Frank O'Connor as Frank, cafe clerk
- Eddie Parker as torturer
- Stanley Price as Nagu's friend
- Directors: Thomas Carr, Spencer Gordon Bennet
- Producer: Sam Katzman
- Cinematographer : Ira Morgan
- Art Director : Paul Palmentola
- Editors : Earl Turner, Dwight Caldwell
- Sound mixer : Josh Westmoreland
Chapter titles[edit]
- The Untamed Beast
- Jungle Gold
- A Hot Reception
- Congo Bill Springs a Trap
- White Shadows in the Jungle
- The White Queen
- Black Panther
- Sinister Schemes
- The Witch Doctor Strikes
- Trail of Treachery
- A Desperate Chance
- The Lair of the Beast
- Menace of the Jungle
- Treasure Map
- The Missing Letter
See also[edit]
- ^ Cline, William C. (1984). "Filmography". In the Nick of Time. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 248. ISBN 0-7864-0471-X.
External links[edit]
- Congo Bill at the Internet Movie Database
- Congo Bill at AllMovie
Preceded by Superman (1948) |
Columbia Serial 'Congo Bill (1948) |
Succeeded by Bruce Gentry (1949) |
This comics-related film article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This DC Comics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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The Sun Over Breda Paperback
by Arturo Perez-Reverte
The third in the bestselling Captain Alatriste series.
Flanders, 1625. After his tussles with the Inquisition and the intrigue of the Spanish court, Captain Alatriste has returned to the mud and desperation of the long war in Flanders.
This is Inigo's first experience of war and the realities of hand to hand combat.
It is on the battlefield that he will finally have the chance to become a man and prove his worth.
The troops are weary and ill-nourished and the winter has been long.
As Spain sinks ever further into depravity and corruption, the soldiers have not been paid and must survive by whatever ways they can.
Mutiny is in the air, but the Spaniards are strong and their famous iron discipline has brought them many victories against the Calvinist forces of the heretics.
Reputation, honour, and the glory of Spain will keep them in the fight, but for how long?
Meanwhile, the Captain's trusted friend Quevedo's star is rising at court and he keeps Alatriste appraised of the machinations of his arch-enemy Luis de Alquezar and the notorious assassin with the black heart, Gualterio Malatesta.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 288 pages
- Publisher: Orion Publishing Co
- Publication Date: 20/03/2008
- Category: Crime & mystery
Free Home Delivery
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Pick up orders
from local bookshops


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Honestly speaking, you'd be very hard picked to pick up any audible differences between 2 similarly-designed solid-state DACs/amps with comparable numbers, provided that there are no output power/impedance mismatch issues. Slight volume imbalances and human perception/bias add a layer of variability that is orders of magnitude higher than the actual differences in sound.
In your specific case, however, I dont know the quality of the X1000's amp section, so cannot comment on how it is going to work out. Knowing Denon's general high quality, I doubt if you will notice much of a difference.
Thank you for the thoughtful answer. I'll just have to wait and test it out. Appreciate it.


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Umpire Ethics
Question about Umpire Ethics.
I umpire for an organization that services three different high school leagues, consisting of 28 different high schools. For the most part each high school has 3 different levels: Frosh, JV and Varsity. This year my son will be playing Frosh ball for one of these high schools. Heres my question: Where should I draw the line on the games I umpire? 1. Obviously, I wont umpire any games my sons frosh team plays; and 2. Im convinced I shouldnt umpire other frosh games in the same league as my sons team. But can I do JV and Varsity games for my sons school? What about JV and Varsity games not involving my sons school but that are in my sons schools league? Any other restrictions that I should self-impose? |
At the least, you should block yourself from any game at any level of your son's school. As for other teams in the league, you should ask your umpire organization. If the conference record is what gets teams in the playoffs, I might even ask to not do any conference games for the teams in the league.
Andrew Senger MSHSAA Certified Baseball Umpire "In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. He's also postmaster and probably traffic cop, too. All the jobs for sports referees are probably filled, though." --Lemel Hebert-Williams |
I would just tell your assignor the facts and let him give you input. In my case, my son didn't play on the team but my assignors had no problem with me working that school's games at the middle school or JV level. Varsity would be a different story, just for appearance's sake, but it was a non-issue sub-varsity. And if I didn't work the entire league, 3/4th's of my schedule would disappear.
BS....Talk to our assignor as Scrooge has also advised you to do. I had a similar issue last year with my daughter playing and doing sports med. I spoke with the L man about it. You should do the same. He'll probably advise you to block that school at the frosh level but not JV/V and certainly not the whole league.
"That's all I have to say about that." |
Around here I guarantee you'd run into at least one date where you'd be called into duty on the FR game (with your kid playing) because they're short an umpire at the last minute. And the other coach wouldn't care, either. Of course here the game can't start with fewer than 2 umpires, so it's occasionally a problem. |
Stay away from the Varsity. The rest shouldn't matter. I wouldn't WANT to officiate a game in which my child is playing. At varsity and above, it would also be unethical.
It's like Deja Vu all over again |
Our HS school chapter has us sign a Conflict of Interest disclosure. If we have a child attending, playing, employee of, or vested interest in any school that we provide services for, the umpire will not be assigned to any game for that school regardless of level. We have several umpires that are on school boards and they don't do that school's games either.
If you had a child attending or playing, we don't assign that umpire to that school's games for two years after the child has left the school. |
I spoke to my assigner back when my son was playing ball. I did not do any games that involved his HS. The district is okay but I would stay away from the school itself.
When in doubt, bang 'em out! Ozzy |
Sounds like overkill but this might be their solution to a previously perceived problem.
"That's all I have to say about that." |
Here in my state the school can be fined if they use an umpire with familial ties to the school. For example, my son is a freshman so I am not permitted to officiate any boys sports that his school is involved in. I can do girls but not boys.
For those wondering why the school gets a fine, it is because the school gets to choose which association they want officiating their games. We have an instance in baseball where one of the schools wants to use a competing association...problem is, that association only has 2 local umpires and one is a brother of the coach. So they can either pay travel for out of town officials or use our organazation...or pay $1600 in fines. |
I don't view it so much as a conflict of interest. Rather, it's another example of an umpire making demands on which games he/she works, and I'm not too fond of that. It's one thing to establish limits based upon distances so an official doesn't have to travel so far to do games. But to single out certain schools or districts makes things harder on the assignor and, quite frankly, keeps other umpires from working games they would like to work.
"Let's face it. Umpiring is not an easy or happy way to make a living. In the abuse they suffer, and the pay they get for it, you see an imbalance that can only be explained by their need to stay close to a game they can't resist." -- Bob Uecker |
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Ethics or Not? | Ed Hickland | Football | 5 | Wed Aug 31, 2005 03:08am |
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Here are some things for you to buy!
Would you like to buy these things? They are super cheap, and in some cases even cheaper than what we paid for them. Besides, buying things we're losing money on is like giving us the big ol' middle finger. And let's be honest. It wouldn't be the first time you wanted to do that.
The Dogit Style White Tiger Voyageur Pet Carrier is the ideal solution for your pet transportation needs. Durable, sturdy and safe, the Dogit Style White Tiger Voyageur Pet Carrier is ideal for transporting your pet by car, bus, train or even by air. The carrier is designed to provide optimum ventilation, and is equipped with a safety lock and a top petting door, so you can pet your dog without taking him or her out the carrier. The Voyageur is designed with a molded waste collection gutter, and the stable, sure grip handle makes traveling with your dog even easier. The top access spring locking mechanism ensures that your dog can't get out; however it is easy for you to unlock and play with your dog. The Dogit Style White Tiger Voyageur Pet Carrier meets airline regulations, so you can take your dog on all of your trips!
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Top Comments are discussion forum posts we have deemed worthy of your time. Listen, we get a lot of comments, and most of the time, it's pretty forgettable stuff; but sometimes you rise to the top like butterfat in milk. We don't recommend you base your self-worth on how often we feature your comments, but we don't expressly forbid it either.
join the discussion (1 comment)


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October 9, 2007
Lost under an oversized "Dont Mess with Texas" T-shirt, I sank into our black, P Diddy-esque leather couch.
Sundays are the only time I'm quiet , reflective. Recovering from the ravages of Saturday night. Quietly freaking out about looming deadlines. Uncle Roy's impending charity Indian ball. Christmas. Anything, really.
Hubby sits beside me having a crap movie fest, cherishing the rare silence. As my father-in-law tactfully put it, the only time the Basu sisters are quiet is when they are hungry or asleep.
How true. For I was craving something super healthy. But, far too fagged out to stir onions.
I remembered the banana leaves in the freezer. In a fit of total idiocy, I bought a massive pack when I really needed two leaves. Leaving no room in the drawer for essentials like frozen parathas and ice cream.
It was time to put them to good use with macher paturi, fish smothered in mustard, coriander and chilli, wrapped in bamboo leaves and steamed. It's served on special occasions like weddings in West Bengal.
Wrenching myself away from the riveting Holloywood blockbuster that is Elektra, I returned 20 minutes later with a full plate and smug smile. I was going to be ready for that deep, meaningful conversation soon.
This recipe serves 2:
2 boneless and preferably skinless cod fillets
60 gm fresh coriander leaves
4 tsp wholegrain mustard
4 tsp mustard oil
4 small green finger chillies
2 green banana leaves
Salt to taste
Bring the kettle to boil with two cups of water. In a blender, puree all the ingredients with a teaspoon of water to get a light, grainy paste. Add enough salt to make it a strong marinade.
Smother the surface of each cod fillet with this paste and place on a washed banana leaf. Make a parcel, folding the leaf over each fillet evenly.
Place in a steamer (I used a covered colander over a pot) and steam for about 12 minutes until the fish is cooked through.
I served this with traditional wedding delicacy ghee bhat, 75 gm rice cooked with a teaspoon of ghee and some salt, and steamed broccoli, for no particular reason. A delicious combination.
[…] and SmileFlounder in a Bengali Mustard Curry – Shorshe Flounder from About Cooking in WestchesterMacher Paturi/Parcels of mustard-coated fish steamed in banana leaves for a perfect evening from Quick Indian CookingBhapa Ilish — Steamed Hilsa from Bong Mom's Cookbook Bata Mach […]
September 21st, 2010 at 4:51 pm
The fiance mocked me through the entire process. He said I had failed as a Bengali for managing to tear the banana leaf (so I added a double coating). Twelve minutes later, rice and fish in hand, he was surprised. Then he went into food coma. His latest: This website is a revelation!
Taking the leftovers for lunch. Work is going to smell like a mustard wonderland tomorrow after I nuke this deliciousness. Used hammour, plentiful in this part of the world, and added a dash of fresh lime juice to the marinade because I was afraid the number of chillies would overwhelm the dish. It worked beautifully.
Is it? I never knew we get them in chinese or thai,guess what i am doing this weekend, with hubby in India for his best friends wedding, i do have time for hunting these leaves down!!!!
Padmaja – any Chinese or Thai food shop has fresh banana leaves. They freeze really well too. I just pick up a pack from Chinatown for £1!
Sandeepa – it's French wholegrain mustard. you know me and doing things from scratch!!
Thansk Bianca. Glad you enjoyed it. Itw as hard to prevent Little Basu from eating all 2kgs herself…
This has nothing to do with your Macher Paturi on the couch dish but your Bombay Aloo was delicious!
Many thanks to little Basu who thought of her fellow workmates before it was spared.
i bet my husband would wish i was quiet when i'm hungry! ha! i'm awfully cranky and moody and have to neat not in 10 min, not in 5, but now!
October 14th, 2007 at 11:31 am
father in law, basu sisters, amazing eh???
i wonder how they can make out?
Its mazing to read your write up with that hearty meal of your!!
and btw where did u buy banana leaves???
I can't find them anywhere in uk?Am i too ignorant??do tell me please sweetie!!
At last you made it. Lovely, is whole grain mustard something else ?
October 10th, 2007 at 11:20 pm
haha, yr post is soooo funny, loved reading through it. U re quiet when u re hungry? Wow! I am pretty obnoxious, running around in a real bi***y mood being leaving sarcastic comments on just about anything… Wouldn't shut-up until my mouth is full..
I soo know that sunday feeling…although I tend to end up with takeaway fish and chips rather than something as delicious sounding as your cod
I have some frozen Cod, I had plans to make Fish and chips!:))
Great recipe with simple and delicious spices.


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Behavioral suites mediate group-level foraging dynamics in communities of tropical stingless bees
- First Online:
- Received:
- Revised:
- Accepted:
DOI: 10.1007/s00040-009-0055-8
- Cite this article as:
- Lichtenberg, E.M., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L. & Nieh, J.C. Insect. Soc. (2010) 57: 105. doi:10.1007/s00040-009-0055-8
- 18 Citations
- 923 Downloads
Competition for floral resources is a key force shaping pollinator communities, particularly among social bees. The ability of social bees to recruit nestmates for group foraging is hypothesized to be a major factor in their ability to dominate rich resources such as mass-flowering trees. We tested the role of group foraging in attaining dominance by stingless bees, eusocial tropical pollinators that exhibit high diversity in foraging strategies. We provide the first experimental evidence that meliponine group foraging strategies, large colony sizes and aggressive behavior form a suite of traits that enable colonies to improve dominance of rich resources. Using a diverse assemblage of Brazilian stingless bee species and an array of artificial "flowers" that provided a sucrose reward, we compared species' dominance and visitation under unrestricted foraging conditions and with experimental removal of group-foraging species. Dominance does not vary with individual body size, but rather with foraging group size. Species that recruit larger numbers of nestmates (Scaptotrigona aff. depilis, Trigona hyalinata, Trigona spinipes) dominated both numerically (high local abundance) and behaviorally (controlling feeders). Removal of group-foraging species increased feeding opportunities for solitary foragers (Frieseomelitta varia, Melipona quadrifasciata and Nannotrigona testaceicornis). Trigona hyalinata always dominated under unrestricted conditions. When this species was removed, T. spinipes or S. aff. depilis controlled feeders and limited visitation by solitary-foraging species. Because bee foraging patterns determine plant pollination success, understanding the forces that shape these patterns is crucial to ensuring pollination of both crops and natural areas in the face of current pollinator declines.
Aggression Dominance Group foraging Species removal SuperorganismIntroduction
The availability of rich resources such as mass-flowering trees is important in shaping foraging behavior of tropical pollinators (Roubik, 1989; Wilms et al., 1996). Such resources attract a high diversity of visitors (Heithaus, 1979), and can be fiercely contested (Roubik, 1980; Nagamitsu and Inoue, 1997). Foraging shifts resulting from competitive interactions (e.g. Inouye, 1978) may alter pollination dynamics (Roubik and Villanueva-Gutiérrez, 2009). For social insects, intense inter- and intraspecific competition (Johnson and Hubbell, 1974; Hölldobler and Wilson, 1990; Dornhaus and Chittka, 2004) should favor strategies such as cooperative group foraging that improve foraging efficiency and resource defense. Group foragers are those who forage in the same location as nestmates. They often use information provided by group members to locate food sources.
When animals compete for food, larger species tend to dominate (Schoener, 1983; Eccard and Ylönen, 2003) in both direct (e.g. interference competition) and indirect (e.g. exploitative competition) contests. For social animals, however, foraging in groups can improve yield through shared food location information (Clark and Mangel, 1984), increased hunting success (Bednarz, 1988), retrieval of larger food items (Traniello and Beshers, 1991), control of food (Holway and Case, 2001) or more efficient harvesting (Fernández-Juricic et al., 2004). Group foraging may be particularly important for highly social insects whose colonies act as "superorganisms" (Wilson, 1990), reproductive units whose parts, individuals, must work together to permit colony survival and reproduction. Thus, superorganism size (group size) may be more relevant than individual size for determining the outcome of dominance interactions.
Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) provide a good system for studying the ecological importance of group foraging. All stingless bees are eusocial, but some species forage as individuals while others tend to forage in large groups (Johnson, 1983). These groups typically form through location-specific recruitment via odor trails or potentially referential vibrations (Nieh, 2004). Foraging strategies are likely constrained by colony sizes, which range from approx. 100 (van Veen et al., 1997) to at least 20,000 workers (Roubik, 1983). Stingless bee within-habitat diversity can range up to 62 species (Roubik, 1989) with considerable diet overlap (e.g. Wilms and Wiechers, 1997; Eltz et al., 2001). Limited food availability (Hubbell and Johnson, 1977; Eltz et al., 2002) can thus lead to high levels of both intra- and interspecific competition (Hubbell and Johnson, 1977; Nagamitsu and Inoue, 1997; Slaa, 2003).
Despite these bees' important role as tropical pollinators (Heard, 1999), the ecological importance of stingless bee foraging strategies remains poorly understood. Several researchers have hypothesized that group foraging improves dominance for stingless bees (Johnson and Hubbell, 1975; Roubik, 1980; Nagamitsu and Inoue, 1997; Slaa, 2003). However, there are few tests of these hypotheses and no studies directly manipulate dominance by altering experimental conditions (e.g. species removal). In addition, most studies of stingless bee foraging behavior have focused primarily on aggression, comparing resource control of "aggressive" versus "unaggressive" species (Biesmeijer and Slaa, 2004 and sources therein). While aggression is a commonly proposed mechanism of interference competition (Reitz and Trumble, 2002), other traits also permit species to control or efficiently exploit a resource. For example, the stingless bee Partamona orizabaensis (formerly P. aff. cupira, Pedro and Camargo, 2003) is "non-aggressive" (Biesmeijer and Slaa, 2004) yet in large groups can maintain control of a resource despite attack by Trigona silvestriana (Howard, 1985).
We experimentally altered an assemblage of stingless bees foraging at an array of feeders to investigate stingless bee dominance and foraging on a resource accessible to multiple species. We measured behavioral dominance, numerical dominance, displacement success and aggression of six Brazilian species. We tested three hypotheses: (H1) group foragers are dominant, as is found for other social insects; (H2) body size correlates with dominance (Johnson and Hubbell, 1974); and (H3) removal of group-foraging species increases feeding opportunities for remaining species. Finally, we examined the role of aggression in resource dominance.
Study site and species, and feeder array
This study was carried out at the Fazenda Aretuzina, a ranch in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during July of 2006. This area is home to at least 12 native stingless bee species (P. Nogueira-Neto, pers. comm.). Colonies of several species were also kept in hives at the Fazenda.
Characteristics of bee species studied
Species | Head width (mm) | Average colony size (# workers) | Recruitment mechanism | Group forager? | Estimated flight range (m) |
F. varia | 2.33 ± 0.06 | SA? | No (Jarau et al., 2003) | 705 | |
M. quadrifasciata | 3.89 ± 0.11 | 715 (Roubik, 1980; Wille and Michener, 1973; Tóth et al., 2004) | SM (Lichtenberg et al., 2009), 3-DS? | No (Kerr, 1994) | 2000 (Kerr, 1996) |
N. testaceicornis | 1.90 ± 0.03 | SM (Schmidt et al., 2005) | No (Jarau et al., 2003) | 468 | |
S. aff. depilis | 2.69 ± 0.04 | OT (Schmidt et al., 2003) | Yes (Jarau et al., 2003) | 903 | |
T. hyalinata | 2.81 ± 0.04 | 15,000 (D. W. Roubik, pers. comm.) | OT (Nieh et al., 2003) | Yes (Roubik, 1980) | 969 |
T. spinipes | 2.79 ± 0.05 | 5,500 (Wille and Michener, 1973) | OT (Lindauer and Kerr, 1960) | Yes (Cortopassi-Laurino and Ramalho, 1988) | 840 (Kerr, 1959, T. spinipes = T. ruficrus) |
Data collection
We monitored the feeder array in 5-min periods, observing from 0900 to 1146 (morning trials) or 1300 to 1546 (afternoon trials). Stingless bees show activity peaks at different times of day (Roubik, 1989). Observation during both morning and afternoon thus allowed us to study interactions over a broad time span. We began observation after sunrise because, during austral winter, chilly early morning temperatures delay foraging activity of many stingless bee species (Hilário et al., 2000). During non-removal trials (see below), each of four observers rotated among four feeders, moving sequentially down a row and then returning to the beginning of that same row. Movement between feeders occurred during 1-min pauses between observation periods.
To assess interspecific effects on foraging, we used aspirators to remove group-foraging species from feeders. We removed (1) T. hyalinata, (2) T. hyalinata and T. spinipes, (3) T. hyalinata and S. aff. depilis or (4) T. hyalinata, T. spinipes and S. aff. depilis. In all trials, we removed T. hyalinata because this species dominated the entire feeder array whenever it was present. For each removal combination and for the non-removal treatment, we conducted one morning and one afternoon trial. Aspirated bees were released away from the feeder array at the end of each trial. Because removal requires constant attention to feeders, we used four feeders (one per observer) during removal trials. Observers did not move during the removal trials, but continued to implement the 1-min pause between 5-min observation periods. Observer row assignments and feeder positions within each row were randomly assigned. Non-removal and removal trials were interspersed with each other, and with several days during which data were not collected, across 10 days.
Each observer recorded the species visiting the focal feeder and all interspecific interactions. Feeders were also videotaped during observation periods, and bee interactions were verified from the video. We did not individually mark all bees because doing so would have disrupted recruits and altered results. Thus, we recorded the maximum number of bees simultaneously feeding during each period for each species rather than the total number of visits.
For each interspecific interaction that occurred during an observation period, we recorded (1) species identity and number of individuals, (2) interaction initiator, (3) interaction outcome and (4) intensity of aggression. Displacement was considered aggressive when one individual directed movement toward another bee that could cause injury (e.g. spreading mandibles or biting), or that potentially increased the aggressor's apparent size (e.g. wing or leg spreading). We defined non-aggressive displacement as the rapid departure of a bee when another bee arrived but showed no evident aggression. An individual won an interaction if her opponent moved away immediately after the encounter.
Data analysis
We calculated three measures of dominance and one index of aggression for each species. (1) Behavioral dominance indicates a colony's ability to control a resource. We determined the number of turnovers in favor of each species, a turnover being defined as a change in the species makes up at least 50% of individuals at a feeder. Behavioral dominance was weighted to adjust for the number of trials each species was present at the array. (2) We use numerical dominance to indicate local abundance at the array. For each trial, we determined the largest number of bees visiting the array during a single observation period. Behavioral and numerical dominance were calculated separately for non-removal and removal trials. (3) For each species, we calculated displacement success—the ability to win fights—as the proportion of displacement interactions (aggressive and non-aggressive) won during non-removal trials. This measure is comparable to "dominance" of species where contests occur between individuals rather than groups (e.g. Dingemanse and de Goede, 2004; White et al., 2007). (4) Attack probability is the number of aggressive displacement interactions that each species initiated as a proportion of the total number of such interactions in which it was involved (Catlett, 1961). To more accurately represent species aggression, attack probability includes interactions from all trials. Due to the non-parametric nature of several indices and the fact that we compare species rather than individuals, we are sometimes limited to describing the effects of removal rather than using statistical tests. Analyses were conducted in R v. 2.8.1 (R Development Core Team, 2008).
Species dominance patterns
Dominance and aggressive index values (and ranks) calculated for each species
Species | Behavioral dominance | Numerical dominance | Displacement success | Attack probability |
F. varia | 0.00 (5) | 2.50 (4) | 0.300 (4) | 0.26 (5) |
M. quadrifasciata | 0.00 (5) | 2.00 (5) | 0.000 (5.5) | 0.06 (6) |
N. testaceicornis | 0.00 (5) | 0.50 (6) | 0.000 (5.5) | 0.30 (4) |
S. aff. depilis | 1.00 (2) | 11.00 (2) | 0.303 (3) | 0.80 (3) |
T. hyalinata | 11.50 (1) | 22.50 (1) | 0.737 (1) | 0.86 (2) |
T. spinipes | 0.50 (3) | 3.00 (3) | 0.332 (2) | 0.89 (1) |
Effects of species removal
Solitary-foraging species are unlikely to show major increases in numerical dominance. Thus, for each treatment we also determined the number of observation periods during which each species fed. This provides a robust measure of species visitation and resource consumption, facilitating comparisons among species with different foraging strategies. All species except N. testaceicornis increased visitation in the absence of group foragers (F. varia: χ42 = 37.01, P < 0.0001; M. quadrifasciata: χ42 = 28.82, P < 0.0001; N. testaceicornis: χ42 = 8.76, P = 0.07; S. aff. depilis: χ22 = 15.03, P = 0.0005; T. spinipes: χ22 = 17.78, P = 0.0001). Solitary-foraging species benefited most from complete removal of group foragers, and occasionally were able to increase visitation even in the presence of one group-foraging species (Fig. 3c).
All species showed some degree of aggression. We observed 499 interspecific displacements of which 59% involved aggression, 94% were one-on-one and 77% were initiated by group-foraging species. Group-foraging species were significantly more aggressive than solitary-foraging species (Table 2; Scheffé's test for proportions, S = 9.46, P < 0.0005; Zar, 1999).The majority of attacks (75%) were directed toward M. quadrifasciata (Table S2). Most interactions involved low levels of aggression, with prolonged fights occurring only 13 times. Correlations between aggression and dominance were weak at the species level (behavioral dominance: r = 0.76, N = 6, P = 0.08; numerical dominance: r = 0.66, N = 6, P = 0.18), but stronger at the individual level (displacement success: r = 0.89, N = 5, P = 0.03).
We show that stingless bee species that form larger colonies and forage in large groups are able to dominate resources, altering the foraging patterns of displaced bees. Our results strongly suggest that, for highly social superorganisms, group size can have the same ecological role as body size does for non-social species. First, group-foraging species were more likely to control a resource and win individual fights than solitary-foraging species (H1). Second, worker body size did not relate to dominance (H2). Third, experimental removal of group foragers increased feeding opportunities for remaining species (H3). Numerical dominance, behavioral dominance and visitation of all species increased during removal trials. The small increases in dominance of solitary foragers after removal of group foragers enabled these colonies to feed for significantly longer. They thus likely collected more of the resource in the absence of group foragers. These experimental results are consistent with observed patterns of bee floral visitation in a Malaysian dipterocarp forest, where non-aggressive species showed increased visitation in the absence of an aggressive, dominant species (Nagamitsu and Inoue, 1997). Group-foraging species showed larger dominance increases with removal than did solitary-foraging species. However, the success of group-foraging species was not due solely to greater abundance. Feeders were often defended by a single Scaptotrigona or Trigona forager. Group forager abundance typically increased only after other species were chased away. Aggression facilitated species turnover and the subsequent increase in aggressor abundance. Our results suggest that group foraging is part of a suite of traits that evolved in several stingless bee genera as a mechanism promoting successful foraging in the face of intense competition, which can occur during times of several floral shortage (Roubik, 1989). These traits include large colonies, rapid location-specific recruitment via odor trails and aggression at food sources.
Stingless bees have likely evolved multiple strategies to improve competitive success during dearth seasons. Forming a large, aggressive group at the resource ("thuggery") is one strategy. Pronounced mandibular teeth, such as those characteristic of Trigona species (Schwarz, 1948), likely improve fighting ability of "thug" species. Some large Melipona species may use an alternative strategy ("tenacity") by continuing to feed despite being the recipients of aggression. We found a high proportion of attacks directed at M. quadrifasciata, mainly due to this species remaining at the feeders while being bitten or returning to feeders immediately after being displaced. Very small (2–3 mm long) species likely remain competitive through a third strategy, insinuation (Johnson, 1983). Insinuators fly away when threatened by dominant species but quickly return to nearby flowers and continue to feed.
Natural context
Aggressive and non-aggressive displacement also occurs on natural food sources. Abundance scans at a Dombeya wallichii tree at the Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto revealed that T. hyalinata was numerically dominant, comprising 80% of bees counted (supplemental Table S3). This high abundance is somewhat surprising given the presence of over 30 honey bee colonies <50 m away. Trigona hyalinata bit and aggressively removed other species from flowers (0.08 displacement interactions per observer-minute versus 0.52 at the feeder array). Trigona pallens and Tetragona clavipes are also known to exhibit low to medium intensity aggression at flowers (Roubik, 1980; pers. obs.), and Trigona cilipes low intensity aggression (Roubik, 1980). Trigona spinipes (Kerr, 1959), T. corvina and T. silvestriana (Johnson and Hubbell, 1974) will fight, sometimes to the death, at flowers.
Sugar-providing feeder arrays such as those typically used for bee dominance and aggression studies are somewhat unrealistic in that they are much smaller than mass-flowering trees, important food sources for stingless bees (Endress, 1994; Ramalho, 2004). Feeder arrays may elicit more intense interactions. However, they remain useful because they permit detailed data collection of species identity and behavior.
Body size
Our results do not support H2. Body size was not a major determinant of dominance. In our study, dominant species were medium-sized. However, unlike previous research (Johnson and Hubbell, 1974), we included the Melipona genus, whose species have a large and robust body form (Michener, 2007) but do not forage in large groups and are non-aggressive at food sources (Biesmeijer and Slaa, 2004). Dominance studies have typically overlooked Melipona, although this genus is commonly found in bee–plant interaction studies (Biesmeijer and Slaa, 2006).
Our analyses suggest that aggression can mediate dominance but should not substitute as a measure of dominance. Rather, dominance should be interpreted as the suppression of one species by another (Keddy, 2001). This may arise from aggressive interactions, unequal resource exploitation efficiency or avoidance of a food source on which the dominant species is feeding. Analysis of data from Nagamitsu and Inoue (1997) also supports using ecologically relevant measures rather than aggression in assessing dominance. In their study, the most aggressively dominant species showed an average decrease in visitation in the presence of other species (supplemental Table S4).
Dominance and group foraging
Changes in dominance reported here and in other studies (Johnson and Hubbell, 1974; Nagamitsu and Inoue, 1997; Eltz et al., 2002; Slaa, 2003) suggest that food competition helps structure stingless bee communities. Feeding opportunities at individual resources increased with removal of group-foraging species. Group foragers typically gained control through aggression, suggesting they excel in interference competition. Solitary foragers exhibited behavioral flexibility, increasing visitation and marginally increasing local abundance in the absence of group foragers. This contradicts the prediction that foraging patterns of less aggressive species reflect floral preferences and will not be altered by removal of aggressive species (Johnson and Hubbell, 1975). Just as individuals may benefit competitively from larger body size in solitary bees (Bosch and Vicens, 2006), social bees may increase dominance with larger superorganism sizes: larger colonies whose workers forage in groups.
We thank Felipe Contrera, Haley Hunter-Zinck, and Shawn Kessler for field assistance; Dr. Paulo Nogueira-Neto for kindly allowing us to work at the Fazenda Aretuzina; and Meg Eckles, David Holway, Brian Johnson, Peter Nonacs, Erin Wilson and anonymous referees for comments. A UCSD Chancellor's Fellowship (EML), an AWIS-SD Scholarship Award (EML), NSF IBN 0316697, NSF IBN 0545856, and Opportunities for Research in the Behavioral Sciences supported this research. This study complied with current laws of Brazil and the United States.
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


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Lakers backed into a corner in loss to Spurs
There are 16 comments on the LA Daily News story from Jan 12, 2010, titled Lakers backed into a corner in loss to Spurs. In it, LA Daily News reports that:
The Lakers took another hit Tuesday night. Already without Pau Gasol, their top rebounder and their second-leading scorer, they were forced to play without superstar guard Kobe Bryant for the fourth quarter of their 105-85 loss to the San Antonio Spurs on Tuesday night.Join the discussion below, or Read more at LA Daily News.
Jan 13, 2010
payback time from bryant. bryant made a point. "Game was won by defense and not bryant." as one reporter quoted.
Jan 13, 2010
The way some of the Laker fans talked about KoMe I thought he was a one man team. He plays like one the way he hogs the ball.
Jan 13, 2010
do ya all think bynum had enough touches! don't see him complaining about not enough touches. damn shame he can't back up san antonio's little-big guys.
Jan 13, 2010
Bryant points to execution as the way to improve, but to execute, the guards have to pass the ball more often, instead of shooting after one pass only and missing most of the time and not running the triangle.
Jan 13, 2010
Hahaha,the lakers got that ass beat,hahaha.i know Kobe was tight.Kobe looked like an old man guarding George Hill last night.
Jan 13, 2010
Yeah,especailly when kobe draged his ass out of the arena,hahahaha cuz of back spasums.
Jan 13, 2010
Ok, Tiffany 2.0 Humor us as to which team your allegiance lies with again? Like Clockwork, the trolls come creeping out LOL (now watch them judge me!) |
Jan 13, 2010
Was it as funny as your 2 hero's episodes? Check out 2:39 on this one: How about this for haha? http://www.youtube.com/watch... Now, tiff, you said it wasnt cool to laugh at others injuries/pain before right? Are You still laughing? |
Jan 13, 2010
Happy days are here again, beat LA beat L.A., whoopy doooo.
Jan 13, 2010
Hell yeah,i never stoped,my f*cking stomach aches form laughing,now judge me again,and maybe i'll laugh harder.You a trip man. |
Jan 13, 2010
Well, hey, thats cool. See, everytime HATERS like you emerge, this is what Laker Nation thinks of: http://www.everyjoe.com/files/2009/06/kobe-br... (Note the tongue) |
Jan 13, 2010
Yeah, up and down. This is what I mentioned before: The Lakers always go through these slumps....Now of course, more than ever with injuries but thyell bounce back fo' sho'! Gasol will be at full steam soon and the rest will be clicking as for the mamba: Kobe needs some time off with that beautiful wife of his and um...a little "recoop" time ;) All will be well and these haters like Tiffany and Ginobili will go back into hiding...like they did last season. LOL |
Jan 13, 2010
It is what it is Hater,you do what you do,i cant keep arguing wit crybabies. |
Jan 13, 2010
Exactly, the Lakers are the Champs, kobe is YOUR Finals MVP...it is what it is little girl. But thanks for dropping by and hanging in the CHAMPION FORUM ALL DAY, EVERYDAY hahaha! Hey, Tiff, Tell everyone how many years in a decade again...C'mon, Tiff, I just gave you the answer the other day when you said "Kobe hasnt even been in the league for a decade" remember? Ahhh, good times... |
Jan 13, 2010
Your stomach aches because you are a prego...don't know where, how, and by whom, but that's why. You probably didn't even know you have a team in your home state, but am pretty sure you don't care about them because you are sooooooo infatuated with KOBE. Did I hear you say you have a team to cheer for? Get over it! You're a trip dude!! lololololololololol...now that's called a prego's aching stomach! |
Jan 15, 2010
it must be the rigth corner the baked into, they are in first place, or haven't you seen the standings,
| |
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yourV.22 No.28 | newsThe Daily Word in stand your ground, electric Apple and Cory Monteith's deathGeorge Zimmerman trial outcome causes speculation on the "stand your ground" law. Taking photos of the secretary of state's house and a pellet gun in your car? Someone's been a busy boy. Apple is set to investigate a claim that a woman was electrocuted by her iPhone. "Glee" star Cory Monteith was found dead in a Vancouver hotel over the weekend. Police have ruled out foul play. "Angel" the dog is said to be recovering well after having her throat slashed. Heavy rain catches Albuquerque citizens in the metro area off guard. Jury deliberations for the Levi Chavez murder trial started at 8:30 this morning. K-Y Intense Arousal gel causes Alabama post office evacuation. No joke. | Tomorrow's EventsCreative Movement Workshop at Erna Fergusson LibraryChildren learn basic dance concepts such as rhythm, balance, shape, imagination and more. For ages 5-7. Vintage Brew • rock at Blue Grasshopper Brew Pub TaproomThe Carved Line at Albuquerque Museum of Art and HistoryMore Recommended Events ›› | |
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Habakkuk 1The Message (MSG)Justice Is a Joke1 1-4 The problem as God gave Habakkuk to see it: God, how long do I have to cry out for help God Says, "Look!"5-11 "Look around at the godless nations. Why Is God Silent Now?12-13 God, you're from eternity, aren't you? 14-16 You're treating men and women 17 Are you going to let this go on and on?
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The unfortunate thing about most people is that they don't bother to check out what the profiles of other people like them say. Let's make a trip to match.com and look at some men's profiles. No guys, this won't make you gay. In fact, if you hide your profile and then search, nobody will know but you.
I'm looking for things that guys write again and again in their profiles. Things that make girls (especially geek girls) roll their eyes and move on to another guy.
For purposes of this article, I have done a Reverse Search on match.com. This type of search allows me to see the profiles of men who are interested in girls like me – late20s/early30s, educated, professional women.
Enter Captain Obvious
- "I'm down-to-earth and laid back"
If I had a nickel for every profile with a variation on that sentence, I would be a rich geek girl. This is a case of "show, don't tell." If you are down-to-earth, describe a situation in which you were the calm in the center of a storm. If you are laid back, describe the stress of your job and how it just rolls off you like a duck in a rain shower.
- "I'm kind of tired of the bar scene"
Yes, and we're tired of hearing you say it. What will you NEVER tire of, ever? Could you watch your DVDs of Firefly until they spontaneously combust in your DVD player? Do you love your nightly walk around the lake? These kinds of details are what will excite us and make us want to contact you. If you're tired of it, why do we need to know?
- "Looking to meet a good looking woman with a great personality to have a great time."
…as opposed to looking for a woman who fell out of the Ugly Tree, has anger management problems, and will beat the life out of you? Again, Captain Obvious strikes. If you want better results than him, you need to be more specific.
- "Enjoy traveling and spending time with family and good friends."
Where do you travel? Why do you like it there? What do you do with your family? Any cool family traditions or legendary tales of escapades with your friends?
- "I want to find someone who can enjoy themselves doing pretty much anything and is a kind good person."
Vague, vague, vague. Here's a good place where you can be specific. "I want a girl who can make waiting in line for a rollercoaster more entertaining than the ride. She's the girl who plays the claw machine just so she can give the toy she wins to the nearest kid." These are anecdotes that don't pinpoint a specific PERSON, but help define the character traits you value.
Go From Captain Obvious to Captain Awesome
The move from Captain Obvious to Captain Awesome is all in the details. I've given you some examples above. Go through your profile and pinpoint the things in it that scream "Durrr." Then ask yourself, "What's a concrete example of this?" or "What's a story about my life I can tell that shows this quality?" Delete the old stuff and write in the newer, more concrete, more awesomely YOU stuff. Then watch the emails roll in.
Happy dating, geek friends.
This post was originally published on 14 March 2008. It's been extensively edited and updated, just for you. Enjoy!


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SERPIND1 Antibody (N-term) Blocking Peptide
Synthetic peptide
Primary Accession | P05546 |
Peptide ID | 80917071 |
Gene ID | 3053 |
Other Names | Heparin cofactor 2, Heparin cofactor II, HC-II, Protease inhibitor leuserpin-2, HLS2, Serpin D1, SERPIND1, HCF2 |
Format | Synthetic peptide was lyophilized with 100% acetonitrile and is supplied as a powder. Reconstitute with 0.1 ml DI water for a final concentration of 1 mg/ml. |
Storage | Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20°C. |
Precautions | This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
Name | SERPIND1 |
Synonyms | HCF2 |
Function | Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT-III). Also inhibits chymotrypsin, but in a glycosaminoglycan-independent manner. |
Tissue Location | Expressed predominantly in liver. Also present in plasma |
Thousands of laboratories across the world have published research that depended on the performance of antibodies from Abgent to advance their research. Check out links to articles that cite our products in major peer-reviewed journals, organized by research category.
firstname.lastname@example.com, and receive a free "I Love Antibodies" mug.
Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
SERPIND1 is a serine proteinase inhibitor which rapidly inhibits thrombin in the presence of dermatan sulfate or heparin. This protein shares homology with antithrombin III and other members of the alpha 1-antitrypsin superfamily. Mutations in its gene are associated with heparin cofactor II deficiency.
Huang,S.S., Coron. Artery Dis. 19 (8), 597-602 (2008)Giri,T.K., Blood 107 (7), 2753-2758 (2006)
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Toyota surprises with quarterly profit
Toyota Motor Corp reported a surprise quarterly profit and slashed its annual loss forecast by more than half as sales and cost cutting beat its forecasts, putting it on track to follow Japanese rivals into the black next year.
Toyota, the world's biggest carmaker by sales, wrapped up an earnings season dominated by rosier projections from Japanese automakers as they squeeze out savings and boost manufacturing efficiencies to offset the damaging rise in the yen.
The industry has also gotten a sales boost from government-backed incentives from Germany to China and Japan, aimed at igniting demand through the worst economic crisis in generations.
But with the outlook for demand uncertain at best as such stimulus programs begin to run out, Toyota is looking to eliminate more spending, announcing its exit from Formula One racing on Wednesday to put its annual budget of around $300 million to better use.
Toyota now expects an operating loss of 350 billion yen ($3.9 billion) for the year to March 31, closer to an average projection of a 293 billion yen loss in a poll of 22 analysts by Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.
It expects a net loss of 200 billion yen instead of a loss of 450 billion yen.
For the July-September quarter, the maker of the Prius hybrid car reported an operating profit of 58.0 billion yen, down 66 percent from a year earlier but beating an average estimate of a loss of 63 billion yen from five analysts.
Its net profit fell 84 percent to 21.84 billion yen, while revenue dropped 24 percent to 4.54 trillion yen.
For graphics on Toyota's earnings please click: http://graphics.thomsonreuters.com/119/JP_TYTA1109.gif
Toyota, until two years ago the world's most profitable automaker, had been the only top Japanese carmaker expected to post a loss in the latest quarter, weighed down by severe overcapacity after years of building new factories during its boom years before the financial crisis hit.
Struggling U.S. rival Ford Motor Co also reported a quarterly profit this week, defying Wall Street estimates as it seized market share from rivals General Motors Co and Chrysler as they emerged from bankruptcy.
The stronger yen, which eats into profits made abroad, has dealt a double-blow because Toyota exports more than half of its vehicles built in Japan.
The second-quarter earnings mark a huge improvement from the previous quarter's 194.9 billion yen loss, as Toyota gradually ramped up production in Japan, where demand for its Prius and other hybrid cars has shot up thanks to generous tax incentives.
But with sales in the key U.S. market still far below their peak, Toyota is aiming to boost manufacturing efficiencies to be able to break even using just 70 percent of its parent-only output capacity.
Analysts expect capacity utilization to improve regardless, with Toyota exiting a 400,000 units-a-year factory in California that it had held jointly with GM.
On Wednesday, Japanese rival Nissan Motor Co <7201.T> revised its annual outlook to a profit from a loss as soaring sales in China helped it grab a bigger slice of the fast-growing market.
While red-hot demand in China has been a boon for all brands, Toyota's sales growth there has lagged the overall market's due to a dearth of smaller models that qualify for Beijing's tax incentives introduced this year.
To better cater to local demand, Toyota is looking to beef up its research and development functions in China.
The Nikkei business daily reported on Thursday that Toyota planned to spend 30-40 billion yen ($330-$440 million) to build an R&D center in China as early as next year. Toyota said it had not made any decision, although it has been considering various options in view of local consumer and government needs.
Shares of Toyota lost 2.7 percent during its second quarter, underperforming the main Nikkei average <.N225>, which rose 1.8 percent.
Before the results were announced, Toyota ended down 0.8 percent at 3,580 yen, against the Nikkei's 1.3 percent fall. ($1=90.77 Yen)
(Additional reporting by Taiga Uranaka)


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Medals and Honours
One of Canada's more interesting inheritances from the U.K. has been an elaborate system of awards, honours and titles based on the ancient art of British aristocracy. The entire enterprise is sometimes known as the Canadian Honours System, and it remains an important way for the nation to recognize and celebrate the greatness of its most accomplished citizens.
British Nobility
As a casual study of Canadian history will quickly reveal, Canada's break with Britain was neither neat nor quick, and well into the 20th Century the country governed itself as a semi-independent nation that was simultaneously a loyal colony. This question as to whether Canadians deserved or wanted an independent identity for themselves, or were merely content to be defined by their loyalty to Britain, was very much bound up with the evolution of honours in Canada.
In Canada's early colonial period, Britain actively promoted the idea that its colonies should be highly hierarchical societies, headed by a ruling class of wealthy, well-bred elites. Many of colonial Canada's early governors and capitalists were thus literal lords, dukes and noblemen imported directly from the U.K., recruited to promote the same sort of elite system abroad as they did so faithfully at home. As the years progressed, prominent Canadian-born officials began to earn enough status to be celebrated with British honours of their own; seven of Canada's first eight prime ministers were knighted (and one was made a baron), as were dozens of prominent Canadian-born businessmen, senators, bureaucrats, generals and other men of high social standing.
By the dawn of the 20th century, however, some began to feel that Britain was going a bit too far with all of this. Under the administration of British prime minister David Lloyd George (1863-1945) knighthoods and peerages were quite brazenly sold to unaccomplished social-climbers, and the whole idea of titles soon became associated with a particularly corrupt sort of elitism inappropriate for an increasingly democratic society. In 1919, the Canadian Parliament passed the so-called Nickle Resolution of parliamentarian William Folger Nickle (1869-1957), which formally requested Britain to cease offering "any title of honour or titular distinction" to Canadian residents. The policy has remained in place ever since, though it was briefly suspended during the Anglophilic administration of R.B. Bennett (1870-1947, served 1930-1935) — who himself died Canada's most lavishly-titled PM.
Perhaps ironically for a country that purports to value modesty as much as it does, the creation, awarding and wearing of medals has long been a prominent aspect of Canadian civic culture, and Canada is actually home to more orders, decorations, ribbons and gilded chains than many old-school European aristocracies.
Broadly speaking, Canadian medals are divided into two distinct ranks: civilian and military. Military medals are mostly self-explanatory: in acknowledgement of service in the country's armed forces, Canada's military hierarchy will routinely award its soldiers with special decorations of recognition, with the most elite awards being given for outstanding displays of bravery or heroism on the battlefield.
Civilian medals, on the other hand, have far less specific criteria, and are usually awarded by special government-appointed committees to recognize ordinary Canadian citizens who have "made a difference" in some way. In other words, the winning of medals in Canadian society is often a sort of social indicator of one's achievements and importance to broader Canadian society, and a particularly accomplished man or woman will likely collect a great deal of them during his or her lifetime. At high society Canadian parties — particularly those that are hosted by the government — wearing lots of medals on one's outfit remains a common way of displaying a certain kind of status.
Here's a look at some of the most common and well-known Canadian decorations, listed in the government's own "order of precedence."
The Victoria Cross The highest Canadian military honour, named after the late Queen Victoria (1819-1901). For decades, the medal was awarded to Britons and colonials who had demonstrated outstanding bravery in times of conflict, including several Canadian soldiers in both world wars. In 1993, a unique Canadian version was created, but none have ever been awarded. |
The Cross of Valour The civilian equivalent of the V.C., the Valour Cross is awarded to any civilian who displays outstanding bravery or heroism during the course of some more domestic-scale tragedy. Created in 1972, it has been awarded only 19 times — and five of those were posthumous. |
Order of Merit / Companions of Honour The British monarch doesn't have a lot of powers left, but one of them is awarding these two medals, which are usually given to the most outstanding statesmen of the Commonwealth. Several former Canadian prime ministers have won one or the other (with the Order of Merit being more exclusive), along with accomplished leaders of nations like Australia, India and South Africa. |
The Order of Canada The most iconic and famous Canadian medal, the Order of Canada was created for Canada's centennial in 1967 as the first "truly Canadian" award. Today, it's usually given to the highest-ranking Canadian politicians, celebrities, scientists and artists in recognition of their lifetime of service. Most famous Canadians seem to win it almost automatically. |
The Order of Military Merit Initially, the Order of Canada was intended to honour both military and civilian achievements alike, but in 1972, it was decided a separate, strictly military order would be more appropriate, and the Order of Military Merit was born. Today, it is usually awarded to Canadian soldiers who have held long and distinguished careers in the armed forces. |
The Order of St. John of Jerusalem High-ranking and prominent, though relatively obscure and seldom seen in practice, the Order of St. John commemorates service to the St. John's Ambulance Society, which is a private charity in both Canada and the U.K. that has long enjoyed royal patronage. Its investiture ceremonies are elaborate, and still involve a traditional "sword on the shoulder"-style knighting. |
The Orders of the Provinces In recognition of the fact that not all accomplishment is national, beginning in the 1980s, the various provinces of Canada began to create their own "highest honours," too, usually called "the Order of [Province name]". These all celebrate outstanding service to the provincial community, and are often a stepping stone to winning one of the higher honours above. |
Excluding the provincial orders and the Order of Merit, all of the medals profiled above are formally awarded by the governor general of Canada, who, by virtue of his office, is automatically made the nominal head of the various boards and councils that decide who should receive their honours. Medal-awarding ceremonies tend to be one of the most-high profile activities of any governor general's career, in fact, and are yet one more example of the tight relationship between modern Canadian awards and historic traditions of British chivalry.
- Chart of Canadian medals (military and civilian), Department of National Defence
- Guide to national and provincial honours, Department of Canadian Heritage
- Jeremy Turcotte's Directory to Canadian medals
During the long reign of Queen Victoria, which spanned the decades between 1837 and 1901, Britain underwent a phase of great obsession with imperial aesthetics, and an unprecedented level of fussiness towards things like imperial ceremonies and traditions in its colonies. British author David Cannadine (b. 1950) would later refer to this as "Ornamentalism" — the idea that the British Empire should be this very glorious, showy place that looked every bit as impressive visually as it was powerful politically. Canada was one of the golden children of the ornamentalist ethos, and to this day there are still many Canadians who retain a strong love of self-consciously lavish displays of Victorian ritual and ceremony.
One of the key principles of Victorian imperial aesthetics was that everyone important should wear splendid-looking uniforms, so that their rank and status was always very visually obvious. Well into the 20th century, it was thus common for certain high-ranking officials within the Canadian government, such as governors general, prime ministers, ambassadors and cabinet ministers — as well as their various aides and retainers — to don fancy uniforms during important ceremonies (which of course were very happening all the time). The most iconic of these was the so-called Windsor uniform, a high-collared black tunic with gold braid that was worn by almost everyone important at one time in Canada's early years.
Things changed significantly after World War II (1939-1945), however, and as Canadian culture became more egalitarian, suburban and casual, most ceremonies became far more relaxed, and the wearing of uniforms was steadily phased out. Today, it's only the governor general and provincial lieutenant governors who still occasionally don uniforms for special occasions, and even then, the practice is still rare enough for every instance to be noteworthy. Though some mourn this decline in custom, at a time when politicians don't even like to be photographed in hats, the idea that anyone would willingly dress up in an 19th-century Gilbert and Sullivan-style getup is perhaps not too unsurprising.
Titles and Forms of Address
Despite the abolishment of British nobility, Canada has still retained a fairly strict and structured system of titles for its political elites, and entire manuals have been written to explain it.
Canadian politicians and judges of most rank are usually referred to as "The Honourable" on all their official stationary, while prime ministers, governor generals and chief justices of the Supreme Court are given the added title of "The Right Honourable." Governors general and their wives/husbands are also given the title "His/Her Excellency," while mayors of cities are known by the rather ostentatious "His/Her Worship."
In speech, only the "Worship" and "Excellency" titles are usually spoken (as in, "good morning, Your Excellency…") while most other politicians are just called by their titles, often prefixed with "Mr." or "Madam" (as in, Minister Jones, "good morning, Minister/Mr. Minister"). Judges are usually just called "Your Honour," though in some provinces they still do things the British way, and use the title "My Lord/Lady" or the even more old-fashioned "Mr. / Madam Justice [name]," as in "Mr. Justice Jones."
Lastly, any Canadian who has won a special medal is usually entitled to certain "post-nominals," which is to say, letters after their names, for instance, "Bob Smith, O.C." for the Order of Canada. All sorts of other institutions in Canadian society are on this bandwagon as well; lawyers of the Queen's Counsel rank put "Q.C."'s after their name, members of the Privy Council put "P.C.," and people who are particularly proud of their academic credentials may tack on a "PhD," "MA," or even "BA." As you might imagine, some people have been known to go too far with this.


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Food Drink Ireland
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» News and Events » Press release archive » 2017 press releases » Food Drink Ireland calls for urgent new policy measures to ensure ...
Food Drink Ireland calls for urgent new policy measures to ensure the sector meets new Brexit challenges
"Ireland's largest indigenous sector faces substantial challenges in the years ahead in a world that has changed radically in 12 months" said Paul Kelly, Director Food Drink Industry Ireland (FDII), the Ibec group that represents the food and drink sector. He was speaking at the launch of the first FDII Business Monitor report this morning.
"On the international front, 2016 saw the risks from Brexit beginning to crystallise for Irish food and drink exporters. We witnessed a drop of €560m in UK exports, the formation of a new and uncertain global trade environment, and challenges to the integrity of the EU Single Market. At home in the domestic grocery market, declining consumer sentiment has given way to a decrease in sales relative to volume growth and this is putting further pressure on business costs".
Mr Kelly called on Government to urgently implement a range of policy measures to ensure that the Irish agri-food sector remains innovative, competitive and capable of meeting these challenges, and to maximise the sectors ability to seek out new opportunities in existing and new markets. These measures include:
The re-introduction of the Employment Subsidy Scheme and the Enterprise Stabilisation measures which were last applied in 2009-11.
€25m to fund a market diversification and product innovation strategy, which focusses particularly on maintaining UK market share, increasing exports to other EU and international markets and investing more in product development.
A finance package that includes sustainable financing via funding from the Irish Strategic Investment Fund and the Strategic Banking Corporation of Ireland, state supported trade financing and improved State Aid rules to support the development of scale and the introduction of enabling technologies.
An intense and on-going focus on cost competitiveness led by the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation in areas such as labour, energy and insurance.
"With one in eight jobs in Ireland linked to the agri-food sector, it is essential that the Government act now to ensure the protection of these jobs and the future competitiveness of the industry. Failure to do so will result in the damage going far beyond the food and drinks industry in Ireland."
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© Food Drink Ireland, 2017
FDI is a part of
Ibec clg
which is registered in Ireland.
Registration No. 8706.
Registered address: 84/86 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin 2
Tel: (01) 605 1500; Fax: (01) 638 1500
© Food Drink Ireland, 2008
FDI is a part of Ibec Limited
84/86 Lower Baggot Street, Dublin 2; Tel: (01) 605 1500; Fax: (01) 638 1500


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Game Day Football Food Ideas14 Winning Big Game ideas
Feed the football frenzy! Fanrageous ideas for Big Game eats and treatsAre you ready for some football?
If you're hosting Big Game festivities, score with a satisfying menu of gridiron grub. Serve a feast of savory finger foods and touchdown-worthy desserts with football party supplies like platters, drink cozies, containers and decorations. Check out our ideas to get the play-by-play on crowd-pleasing ideas for Bloody Marys, tacos, ice cream and more!
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Book Keeper and Officer Administrator
Our client a rapidly expanding business based in Watford are looking for a Full time Book Keeper and Office Administrator
Job Responsibilities
Book Keeping to Trial Balance
Sales Ledger & Credit Control:
- Production of all Sales invoices ( via the quotation system on the company MIS)
- Weekly publication and chasing up of "open" and "closed" jobs ( Via MIS)
- Credit Control- of all company debts; following up on any disputes with the Sales reps; keeping clear records of follow up actions etc
- Send out monthly account statements to all clients
Supplier Ledger:
- Daily posting of supplier invoices
- Matching PO's to supplier invoices and liasing with the Procurement Manager on material differences
- Monthly reconciliation of supplier statements - to include chasing up of any outstanding supplier invoices. This will also include producing a month end listing of all unreconciled PO's.
- Produce mid-month and month-end payment runs and prepare the BACS payments
Cash Book
- Downloading daily all bank statements and ensure all entries are recorded in Sage
- Daily posting of receipts and payments to ensure both Sales Ledger and Supplier Ledger are always up to date.
- Monthly bank reconciliation of Sage.
Date Entry of MIS data
- Daily data entry of stock usage to jobs ( to be explained)
Office Administration
- Answering the phones and routing calls
- Booking travel and accommodation - the bulk of this work is done using a travel company
- Receiving , opening and distributing post
- Banking any client cheques ( bulk of receipts is Via BACS)
- Meet and greet visiting clients and suppliers
- Other Ad hoc duties
IT Skills
- Sage Line 50
- Competent in using Excel , Word and Microsoft Office
- MIS system runs on a Filemaker database- training will be given but must be comfortable in using MIS systems.
Personal Attributes
- Friendly, personable personality
- Must have a can do attitude and willing to "muck in" when very busy.
- A diligent and meticulous approach to the work given the nature of the job and the necessity to have a strong credit control function.


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Fairborn Hotel
Select your stay dates to check availability at Fairborn Hotel
Fairborn Hotel
About the Hotel
Property Location
When you stay at Fairborn Hotel in Fairborn, you'll be convenient to Wright-Patterson AFB. This hotel is within the vicinity of Wright State University and Beavercreek Golf Course.
Make yourself at home in one of the 149 air-conditioned guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Bathrooms have shower/tub combinations and hair dryers. Conveniences include safes and desks, as well as phones with free local calls.
Take advantage of recreation opportunities such as an outdoor pool, or other amenities including complimentary wireless Internet access and concierge services.
Enjoy a satisfying meal at a restaurant serving guests of Fairborn Hotel. Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include express check-in, express check-out, and a 24-hour front desk. Planning an event in Fairborn? This hotel has facilities measuring 500 square feet (46 square meters), including a conference center. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Accessible bathroom
- Free self parking
- Conference space size (meters) - 46
- Conference center
- Concierge services
- Free RV, bus, truck parking
- ATM/banking
- Conference space
- Outdoor pool
- Bar/lounge
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- 24-hour front desk
- Express check-in
- Picnic area
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Total number of rooms - 149
- Roll-in shower
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Restaurant
- Express check-out
- In-room accessibility
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Designated smoking areas
- Number of floors - 2
- Free WiFi
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Conference space size (feet) - 500
- Laundry facilities
Room Facilities
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Cable TV service
- Television
- Daily housekeeping
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- Free WiFi
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Free local calls
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Premium TV channels
- Shower/tub combination
- Air conditioning
- In-room safe
- Phone
- Desk
- Shared bathroom with sink in room
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- Children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Cribs (infant beds) are available for an additional fee
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Fun color round 3D plastic disks highlight these travel custom earbuds
These JetTec custom power banks & earbuds gift sets are a great budget friendly giveaway to promote your company or event.
Flexible silicone macaroon shaped promotional earbud holder with keyring is the must have travel accessory.
These promotional ear buds in a custom case are a great giveaway to promote your company or event.
These promotional ear buds come packaged in a custom imprinted case with a full color imprint.
The sky is the limit when it comes to traveling or seeking out thrilling adventures with these virtual reality custom headsets. Anyone that uses them will be impressed!
Better than the headphones the airlines hands out, these logo earbuds are a great give-away.
Two products in one, the Zoom cord wrap gives you a great product in cord management, and now it is combined with a pair of better sounding custom earbuds than products twice its price.
Your logo will receive a lot of attention when imprinted on these shoe lace style customized earbuds.
Listen to your favorite music using custom earbuds that wrap around a handy cord organizer and stored in a convenient travel case.
These promotional ear buds come packaged in a custom imprinted case.
Give a gift that promotes and encourages a healthy and fit lifestyle with these Ultimate Gym custom water bottles, earbuds & armbands gift set.
Keep your cords or earbuds from tangling by wrapping them around a customized cord wrap that's the perfect size for mailing campaigns.
These Promotional Ear Buds are a perfect giveway for gyms, colleges and travelers of all ages!
Listen to your favorite tunes while wearing these uniquely shaped custom earbuds that come with a microfiber drawstring pouch with your logo.
Use these Retractable imprinted Ear Buds with computers, MP3 and CD players, and other devices with headphone jacks.
These Budget Custom Earbuds w/ Pouch sound great, and come in a convenient carrying case to prevent the cord from being tangled while you travel.
Universal custom cell phone holder with suction cup allows you to securely place your favorite cell phone onto the stand
Three interchangeable soft rubber logo earbud covers are included with this convenient carrying case.
Keep your earbuds tangle-free with our Silicone Custom Earbud Wrap!
Silicone custom cellphone stand conveniently holds your earbud and keeps the cord tangle-free.
Keep your electronics charged while traveling with these custom cell phone chargers and ear buds packaged in a handy travel case.
Grab attention with these shoe lace style customized earbuds available in 4 fun colors!
Promotional earbuds set with interchangeable earbud covers.
These custom earbuds in a convenient travel case with your vivid full color custom logo are a great giveaway to promote your company or event.
Three interchangeable soft rubber logo earbud covers are included with this convenient carrying case that includes your full-color custom imprint.
Spend your time listening to your favorite tunes instead of untangling cords with these tangle free custom earbuds that come with a vinyl case.