text:
Question: What should the concrete contractor have done differently to avoid the reentrant corner cracks?
Answer: There are a number of ways to reduce the chance that a random crack will develop off a re-entrant corner.
Along foundation walls, the most reliable method is to isolate pilasters with a diamond-shaped box-out, such that the point on the diamond is aligned with the proposed sawcut (see Diagram 4).
Foundation corner pilasters should be boxed out (see Diagram 5). While the box-out detail almost assures 100% success, you could have improved your chances of success by using a double thickness isolation material on all faces of the pilasters and using cut pieces taped together at the corners to maintain the full thickness of the material at the re-entrant corners (see Diagram 6).
At dock levelers, the most reliable approach is to form a doweled construction joint along the end face of the leveler units (see Diagram 7). This requires a separate concrete placement between the leveler. But usually, the placement can be combined with another portion of the slab placement.
To help keep a random crack from developing off an inside corner of a foundation wall, you can use one of two approaches. On larger projects, the slab placements can be divided such that concrete is not placed around an inside foundation corner monolithically (see Diagram 8).
On smaller projects where it is not cost-effective to make multiple placements, you can use a crack inducer. One such approach is to use a pre-formed metal keyway as an extension of the wall lines. By running 5 feet of the 10-foot keyway sections into the body of the slab, the re-entrant corner is removed and cracking will occur along the sawcut lines (see Diagram 9).
For this detail, the top of the keyway is purposely kept 1½ inches below the top of the slab, such that the sawcut can pass directly over the top of the depressed keyway. It is important to carefully deposit concrete on both sides of the keyway equally to maintain the proper alignment of the keyway section.
One additional measure that can be used at re-entrant corner locations is using a hand-held saw to finish off any sawcut that would otherwise remain inches short of the re-entrant corner or face of a pilaster.
Peter Craig is a regular contributing editor for Problem Clinic. He is an independent concrete floor consultant with the firm, Concrete Constructives. He has more than 34 years of experience with concrete slabs and specializes in diagnosing and correcting moisture-related flooring problems. Telephone 207-946-5697, or email@example.com.


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What kinds of things of things/toys/supplies did you bring into your home to encourage your kids exploration/interests. I get following the child's lead, especially as they get older and show more specific interests, but I know people also try to provide a stimulating environment with things to pique their curiousity. Basically, I am interested in unschooling, have an almost 2 year old, and am wondering what i should be doing/bringing into their environments. I'd love to hear about approaches for younger and older kids actually.
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I've always like this list: http://sandradodd.com/gold/abc
It has some cool ideas.
That's a pretty awesome list, I have been enjoying Sandra Dodd's site for awhile now. She has a refreshing approach to things.
My first thought when I saw the title was this is about letting go of our attachment to STUFF - that is becoming less dependent on STUFF just as we have become independent of school.
So my immediate response to this question is that the point is not "what to bring into their environments" but to bring them into the environment! In the early years of life (and probably lifelong), less is more. Outside, especially for a 2 year old, is an embarrassment of riches.
And inside the house - kitchen gadgets, cardboard boxes, a bucket of water (and some clothes to wash), mopping floors, "measuring" and mixing ingredients ... I can remember my dd spending many hours with these activities.
My first thought when I saw the title was this is about letting go of our attachment to STUFF - that is becoming less dependent on STUFF just as we have become independent of school.
So my immediate response to this question is that the point is not "what to bring into their environments" but to bring them into the environment! In the early years of life (and probably lifelong), less is more. Outside, especially for a 2 year old, is an embarrassment of riches.
And inside the house - kitchen gadgets, cardboard boxes, a bucket of water (and some clothes to wash), mopping floors, "measuring" and mixing ingredients ... I can remember my dd spending many hours with these activities.
It's a process. The whole letting go of stuff, "teaching" etc. I'm discovering that I am not a relaxed person, I'm a research oriented, figure out the right way, put it into action kind of person, but I don't believe that's the best approach to life/relationships/child rearing. It isn't making me happy, relaxed, a better parent, or any of that. I am at my best when I let go of all that, accept me, accept my kid. I think perhaps I need to stop reading about educational philosophies, approaches, *stuff* to get. I think it will be good when I've finished this degree and I'm not in the school oriented part of the world anymore. Part of it is that we are temporarily (i hope) poor while we finish school, lacking transportation and tons of funds, so sometimes I struggle, thinking I'm not providing her with *enough.* Enough what? Experiences, socialization, creative exposure bladiblablabla. This kid though, is smart, and creative, interested in the world, I don't need to worry, I need to trust in her and the world. We do all that stuff you mentioned. I need to relax... I think reading your "relaxed unschooler mama" signature may have catalyzed that thought in me, I was so jealous! It's not as intense over here as it sounds, it's finals week for me and DH, Christmas is coming... you get the picture. I tend to over think when I get stressed. Anyway, thanks!
Hi On Earth - I was just re-reading what I posted and I did not mean "gadgets" when I said kitchen gadgets - just the usual pots, cups, spoons, and if you want to get fancy, funnels, seives, sifters ... some 2 year olds have a lot of patience when it comes to kneading and rolling dough ;-)
Since you like research et al, how about this: Old-Fashioned Play Builds Serious Skills
by Alix Spiegel, National Public Radio, February 21, 2008
I wish you well with finishing school and achieving your dreams. Just wanted to add though that our family is also car-free and "poor" by middle-class income standards. I think it is not all bad.
Good luck with finals. When I was a grad student we used to have a "primal scream" where we all (in the library) would scream in unison. I am not sure who led it or when but it happened. Just a thought to cheer you up :-)
When my son was little I used to take him to thrift stores and just see what they had. Anything that looked like it could be used creatively. Blocks, musical instruments, etc. As he got older I started adding costumes and other dress up stuff. Kids' sized rain boots are firefighter boots to a preschooler and woman's negligee is a fancy gown to a little girl. We have LOTS of stuff, but it all gets played with at some time or another. I'm a bit embarrassed by how much stuff we have, but I've heard that exposure to lots of different items is good for brain development, so I use that to rationalize how much we have. Besides, when you can get a lizard/dinosaur costume for $1 at the thrift store, it's kind of hard to say no.
Then there's the art kit. When my son was 2 he was painting and cutting and glueing. My daughter is 2 and isn't so interested in those activities. However, I keep lots of art stuff available.
With few exceptions, if it needs batteries, it is probably not good for a young child.
Created an instant family (7/89 and 5/91) in 1997. Made a baby boy 12/05 adopted a baby girl 8/08. Ask me about tandem adoptive nursing and living as gluten, dairy, and cane sugar free vegetarians. Homeschooling and loving it.
We try to use as many open ended items to create what materials we need but do buy some at times. While I agree with less stuff, some items have been more useful than others and i am thankful we have them. For instance, our large rock and shell collection.
Dh, Me , DD 10 , DD 7 , DD 4
We , , , , not in that order
I am sure I am stating the obvious....but here goes. Books. I know your little one is not even 2 but reading and the interaction involved is soo valuable. We read so much. Some times (most of the time) the same books over and over. We talked about the pictures. I asked them if they remembered what happened. Do they think the character should _____? But a lot of the time it is just story time and I work on my storytelling abilities!
I read a great article a couple years ago that said the biggest factor in determining a child's "success" at learning was seeing their parents read and having books around. I was glad to hear it because that is something I can provide easily and inexpensively.
My two oldest are excellent readers and I really did nothing to "teach" them to read but I believe all of our story time paid off. And it is so much fun! It is true what they say that reading opens doors. When they get to be able to read independently they can easily follow their interests in books, magazines, newspapers, etc.. It is fun to watch!
I have always allowed them to choose their library books but I do spend a lot of time on the computer inter library loaning books that I think they will enjoy. I go off of interests they have or sometimes I introduce something new (like when we have checked out every Titanic book in the system at least 3 times). I used to get annoyed when they wouldn't look at a book I found for them or they only read a couple chapters. But then I thought, that is silly. I don't read everything. I pick and choose. Now I fill up the library box and I return them all 3 weeks later unless they request more time with a book. But I don't ask, "Have you read this one? Did you read all of it? Should we keep it longer?" How annoying was I being?
Baker's Wife and Catholic Mama to Simeon (14), James (11), Amos (9) Annie (7) Jonah (4) and Charlotte (1)
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Can you hear me now?
Technology has come a long, long way in the 40 years since the first mobile 'Brick' was developed, writes CIAN TRAYNOR
The first call made from a mobile phone would not have been a welcome one. When Motorola executive Martin Cooper called his rivals at ATT Bell Labs in April 1973, the fact that he was speaking outside the Hilton Manhattan told them all they needed to know. The race to produce a handheld mobile phone was over.
Still, it would take another 10 years for the first Motorola DynaTAC to reach the market. Nicknamed "the brick", it offered 35 minutes' talk time, took 10 hours to recharge and weighed over a kilo. Although its $3,995 price tag established it as an extravagant status symbol – partly aided by its appearance in the 1987 film Wall Street – mainstream crossover came sooner than anticipated.
The launch of the GSM digital network in 1991 brought with it improved reception, international roaming and a new service called SMS text messaging. Initially intended as a means for telephone engineers to exchange messages, texting became such a phenomenon that its 160-character limit yielded an international shorthand of abbreviations and emoticons.
But as mobile phones became smaller, cheaper and easier to use, they also began to alter other aspects of behaviour. Arguments could be settled on the spot, tardiness was harder to get away with and flirtatious exchanges were subject to new levels of scrutiny.
By the time phone companies allowed customers on rival networks to swap texts in 1999, Nokia decided to aim its new 3210 model at a younger market. Featuring an internal antenna, three games and changeable covers, it went on to sell more than 160 million units, helping the Finnish brand become the world's largest mobile manufacturer. The industry, however, was about to face another shift.
As 3G networks made the internet mobile in the 21st century, phones began to consolidate other devices. The ability to play music, take pictures and browse the web led meant uptake rocketed. By 2002, more than a billion phones were in circulation and their presence was hard to miss. Bombs were detonated by phone, celebrities' voice messages were hacked for gossip, and citizen reportage remodelled news coverage.
The urge to upgrade only intensified during the smartphone era, when BlackBerry's convergence of email, wireless data networks and a physical Qwerty keyboard drew 10 million subscribers by 2007.
Crucially, that was also the year Steve Jobs unveiled the first iPhone, redefining what a pocket-sized accessory could do. A touch-sensitive interface and the ability to run apps developed by third-parties proved revolutionary, eventually facilitating everyday practicalities like hailing taxis and checking on to flights.
While many pointed out that the iPhone cost more and offered less than its rivals, Apple sold 270,000 units in the first 30 hours. The release of a new model phone had become an event worth queuing up for – a precedent that spurred other developers to raise their game. Google debuted its Android operating system in 2008 and in the years since, competing manufacturers have been locked in a litigation battle over patents and designs dubbed the "smartphone wars".
Today, 40 years after "the brick" was developed, phones can still be considered status symbols – a titanium-encased Vertu costs about €7,900 – yet as mobiles keep changing, our attachment to them continues to change us too, raising concerns over dependency. Parents not only have to determine the appropriate age for a child to have a phone, but learn how to avoid potential dangers such as cyber bullying and dwindling attention spans.
Even the idea of how we spend time alone has been transformed. For some, those in-between moments in queues or on public transport are now subject to a craving for constant connectivity, often eliciting a sense of incompleteness whenever they have to do without.
The many models acquired and discarded along the way haven't been forgotten, however. Dublin's Mobile Phone Museum, a collection of iconic phones charting the history of the handset, is tucked into a phone repair shop called GSM Solutions on Upper Abbey Street. Its curator Alan Donohoe never tires of drawing in passersby to gawp in wonder.
"Your average teenager today might have an iPhone . . . so when they arrive in here and see some of the older models, they can't believe what phones used to be like. It just goes to show how the whole landscape of technology has changed from the ground up. It's something that's touched everyone."


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Yvonne Lopes Fine Arts and Paint Techniques - JohannesburgMontrose Avenue, Randburg. Johannesburg. Gauteng. 2194 Show phone number
Yvonne Lopes studied at the Johannesburg Art, Ballet, Drama and Music School and has managed her own paint effects and murals business since 1996. Yvonne's skills...
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Nguni Cow Hide Company - Cape TownP O Box 408,Century city, Milnerton. Cape Town. Western Cape. 7446 Show phone number
We Specialize in Nguni Cow Hides. We sell throughout South Africa and abroad. If you reside in the Cape Town area, we are able to come to your home,lay down some...
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Cape Town Painter & Decorator - Cape Town11 Badgemore Avenue, Nova Constantia, Hout Bay. Cape Town. Western Cape. 7806 Show phone number
As much as we are popular among the residents in Cape Town as home decorators and painters, we are equally popular among the commercial customers as we also offer...
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We specialize in Hand finished frames in any finish eg. gold/silver gilding, stain, shabby shic, washes etc. We also do picture framing and supply art. Our...
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Quickleads t/a Painting Quote - Cape Town103 MSK House, 15 Buitengracht Street, De Waterkant. Cape Town. Western Cape. 8001 Show phone number
Get Up To 4 Painting Quotes From South Africa's Best Whether you are building a new home, your block of flats needs a new paint job, or you just want to paint...
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Stone Lady Granite & Marble - Roodepoort3 Hebel Road, Roodepoort West. Roodepoort. Gauteng. 1724 Show phone number
Stone Lady Granite & Marble For all your granite & marble needs... Give your kitchen and instant face list from our wide selection of granite & marble tops.....
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Rooms By SugarKnox - Cape Town6, Spin Street, Cape Town. Cape Town. Western Cape. 8000 Show phone number
Rooms by SugarKnox specializes in hand painted murals from fresh modern themes to more classic contemporary styles. Nurseries, children's bedrooms or playrooms is...
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Picture Hanging Services - Cape Town11 Woodcutters Close, Hout Bay. Cape Town. Western Cape. 7806 Show phone number
PICTURE HANGING SERVICESPROFESSIONAL Artwork InstallationsWe are the original and first picture hanging company in South Africa, established in 1989. Our installers...
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Foamtoria cc Upholstary & re upholstary Pretoria - Pretoriacnr Paul Kruger & Louistrichardt, Paul Kruger Louistrichardt. Pretoria. Gauteng. 0017 Show phone number
Foamtoria cc is situated on the cnr Paul Kruger & Louistrichartd str in the. all wooden furniture & Garage doors, churches, restaurants to hotels, guesthouses,...
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Tiny Interiors - BoksburgShop 13 Flora Farm Centre Trichardts Road (corner of) North Rand Road, Bartletts. Boksburg. Gauteng. 1459 Show phone number
Pop into our shop. Tiny Interiors Baby Décor shopsupplies accessories, wallpaper borders and linen that coordinate to suit each clients needs, our specialtyis our...
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Tiffany Blue Interiors - Midrand28 De Winnaar Street Midrand. Midrand. Gauteng. 1682 Show phone number
With many years in the décor business, Emilda has been a seamstress for years and. scatter cushions, bed throws, designer bags etc., we make all types of curtains...
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Nurv Projects - BoksburgUnit 1 Ventura Industrial Park Derrick Coetzee Street, Jet Park. Boksburg. Gauteng. 1459 Show phone number
Nurv Projects is a company based on providing Creative Solutions,. composite decking - Meranti & exotic wooden skirtings - Dado rails. Flooring - Top quality...
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ModernClassicMosaics - Johannesburg12 Boulogne Road. Johannesburg. Gauteng. 2092 Show phone number
We specialize in making Customized Mosaic Mirrors of any size or type. Our Picture Hanging Service comes hand in hand with experienced advice in regards to placement...
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ALL ABOUT BLINDS - Cape TownDenne Close, Mitchells Plain. Cape Town. Western Cape. 7785 Show phone number
ALL ABOUT BLINDS is a Registered family operated business. We offer a 12months workmanship. for, eg wooden, verticals and we will quote for you A.S.A.P,...
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shamakwana interiors - Makhado354 elim mpheni and vleifontein, Meadowlands. Makhado. Limpopo. 0960 Show phone number
supply, painting, blinds, slidings, doors, install and repair of aluminium windows, ceiling and decoration.
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Source Seating - Cape TownUnit 8. Cape Town. Western Cape. 7460 Show phone number
Source Seating was founded by Allan Hider in September 2002. Our ranges continue to grow to suit the changing market. In November 2007 Source Seating moved to its...
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Campo Marzio Design - JohannesburgHyde Park Corner Shopping Centre Hyde Close Rd Hyde Park. Johannesburg. Gauteng. 2196 Show phone number
CAMPO MARZIO DESIGN Hyde Park Corner Shopping Centre (Flagship Store, ink, wallets, photo albums, fine genuine leather accessories, journals, briefcases, including...
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DEFINITION TV LIFTS, PLASMA LIFTS, LCD MONITOR LIFTS and PROJECTOR LIFTS - Cape TownUnit 21 Comprop Square. Cape Town. Western Cape. 7130 Show phone number
See our website. Podiums/Lecturns.We also supply a full range of Definition. Projector Lift, Plasma's, TV's, ensuring that technology stays out of sight until...
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Shade & Blind Worx - Kempton Park196 Monument Rd, Glen Marais. Kempton Park. Gauteng. 1619 Show phone number
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Lala Linen - Cape Town87 KLOOF STREET GARDENS. Cape Town. Western Cape. 8000 Show phone number
Lala Linen's wide range of 100% Pure Egyptian cotton bed linen and bath towels are all imported directly from Egypt and are made by the suppliers. Lala cotton is...
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Blinds and Shutter Connection - PretoriaWaterkloof Corner Centre C/o Crown & Main streets Waterkloof. Pretoria. Gauteng. 0181 Show phone number
also various options and colours and types available. Then we HAVE to mention our Shutters. Off course the Adjustable Aluminium Louvre Awning is the best of the...
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Office Furniture Company - Randburg9, Collins, Avenue. Randburg. Gauteng. 2156 Show phone number
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Creative Colours - Pretoria13 Wisteria crescent Hennopspark, Centurion. Pretoria. Gauteng. 0157 Show phone number
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AJ Music Fest
February 19 @ 11:00 am
Event Navigation
To benefit Baltimore's beloved bass player – AJ Cammarata – who is currently battling leukemia. Two stages, tons of live music, plus great food & drink specials. Proceeds will help AJ's medical expenses. All ages show.


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In-Custody Deaths, Inc. (IPICD) is known for its affordable, high-quality, scientifically-based, and
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RadioShack Shawnee Mission
Store's name : MISSION-JOHNSON DRAddress & Contacts
(913) 236-9160
66205 Shawnee Mission
E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com
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Tuesday | 09:00am - 9:00pm |
Wednesday | 09:00am - 9:00pm |
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Category- Electrical goods & electronics
- RadioShack in Shawnee Mission MET 75 SHOPS
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- RadioShack in Shawnee Mission 6005 NIEMAN RD
- RadioShack in Shawnee Mission (3.75 km)
- RadioShack in Kansas City (5.23 km)
- RadioShack in Shawnee Mission (5.81 km)
- Latitude : 39.0229
- Longitude : -94.6473
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RadioShack Corporation is an American franchise of electronics retail stores in the United States, as well as parts of Europe, South America and Africa. RadioShack's current proprietary brands include RadioShack branded products, AntennaCraft, Auvio, Enercell, Gigaware and PointMobl. In 2009, the company became the main sponsor of a new cycling team, Team RadioShack, with Lance Armstrong and Johan Bruyneel as… more about RadioShack
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text:
Moving in extreme environments: inert gas narcosis and underwater activities
- James E Clark1Email author
DOI: 10.1186/s13728-014-0020-7
© Clark; licensee BioMed Central. 2015
Received: 18 September 2014
Accepted: 11 December 2014
Published: 24 February 2015
Exposure to the underwater environment for pleasure or work poses many challenges on the human body including thermal stress, barotraumas, decompression sickness as well as the acute effects of breathing gases under pressure. With the popularity of recreational self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving on the increase and deep inland dive sites becoming more accessible, it is important that we understand the effects of breathing pressurised gas at depth can have on the body. One of the common consequences of hyperbaric gas is the narcotic effect of inert gas. Nitrogen (a major component of air) under pressure can impede mental function and physical performance at depths of as little as 10 m underwater. With increased depth, symptoms can worsen to include confusion, disturbed coordination, lack of concentration, hallucinations and unconsciousness. Narcosis has been shown to contribute directly to up to 6% of deaths in divers and is likely to be indirectly associated with other diving incidents at depth. This article explores inert gas narcosis, the effect on divers' movement and function underwater and the proposed physiological mechanisms. Also discussed are some of the factors that affect the susceptibility of divers to the condition. In conclusion, understanding the cause of this potentially debilitating problem is important to ensure that safe diving practices continue.
Extreme environments Narcosis Inert gas Nitrogen SCUBA Diving UnderwaterReview
According to some reports, recreational diving using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) is an increasingly popular sport throughout the world. It is estimated that there are over 7 million qualified SCUBA divers, with up to 500,000 new divers being certified every year worldwide [1,2]. How many of these newly qualified divers who continue to dive is hard to determine since no single authority is able to publish figures. In addition to those enjoying diving as a hobby, there is a body of professionals exposed to similar environments (oil and gas industry, rescue, scientific and archaeology, engineers and diving chamber workers), which the Bureau of Labor Statistics (US) estimates to be around 3,600 in America [3].
Diving includes a number of factors that can affect function and movement and endanger divers' health. SCUBA diving is, however, a very safe sport and there are, on average, less than 20 deaths per 100,000 divers (0.02%) annually according to the Divers Alert Network (DAN), meaning diving has a similar risk to most other forms of regular exercise [4,5]. Individuals are exposed to water temperatures than can result in progressive heat loss [6], bulky thermal protection can impede physical activity and there is a risk of entrapment or entanglement due to the bulky equipment carried [7]. Part of the risk involved in diving is the increase in ambient pressure when the body enters the underwater environment. For every 10 metres of sea water (msw) depth, there is a net increase of 1 atmosphere (atm) of ambient pressure; such that at 10 msw, the body is exposed to 2 atm, and at 30 msw 4 atm. Using SCUBA equipment, the diver receives compressed gas (usually air) at ambient pressure through a mouthpiece. Therefore, as a diver descends, they are exposed to increased inspired gas pressures, the consequences of which are not trivial. Understanding the consequences of hyperbaric exposure requires the application and knowledge of complex physiological processes more than other environments in which humans move [8]. The hyperbaric environment carries the risks of barotrauma, decompression sickness and equipment failure resulting in suffocation or drowning; the results of which can be life-changing [9]. The physiological effect of hyperbaric gases on SCUBA divers can loosely be divided into those resulting from prolonged exposure such as decompression illness (DCI) and the immediate, acute, effects such as oxygen toxicity and the narcotic effects of inert gases which are the focus of this review [2,9-11].
One of the first reports of what is now known as inert gas narcosis (IGN) was by Colladon, a French physician who, in 1826, descended to 20 msw in a diving bell. He described "…a state of excitement as if I had drunk some alcoholic liquor…" [12]. Over the subsequent century, there were a number of reports of healthy divers becoming 'mentally or emotionally abnormal' when diving to depth (approximately 100 msw) and many of their symptoms were incorrectly attributed to impurities in the breathing mixture [2]. In 1935, Beknke and co-workers first suggested that nitrogen gas might have been the mediator of the observed behaviour, by utilising different gas breathing mixtures in their experiments [13]. Many have experienced the phenomenon of IGN but it is still poorly understood and managed.
Current guidelines on exposure to hyperbaric gas
The international diving agencies (such as the Professional Association of Diving Instructors, PADI and the British Sub-Aqua Club, BSAC) try to mitigate the exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen by limiting the depths to which recreational divers can dive without additional training or equipment [14-16]. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE, UK) issues guidelines on the exposure limits for air diving operations; however, these consider only depths and durations for decompression requirements and the US Navy Diving Manual discusses narcosis in the context of adequate training [17,18]. With increasing depth, there is increased risk. With an understanding about the onset of significant IGN in scuba diving, it is not at all surprising that most international sport diving qualifications have a depth limit of around 30 msw [14,15].
Narcosis and injury or death in divers
The Australian diving fatality database (Project Stickybeak) estimates that nitrogen narcosis contributed to approximately 9% of deaths reported and, in the UK, DAN cites 3.6% of reported deaths to have been caused by IGN in 2010 [2,7]. Depth alone (without direct evidence for narcosis) was shown to have contributed to 54.3% of advanced open-water training fatalities worldwide in 2010 [19].
Uptake of inert gas at increased environmental pressure
In order to appreciate the consequence of breathing gases under pressure, we must consider some gas laws. In the context of inert gas narcosis, we must consider Dalton's and Henry's law. Dalton's law of partial pressures states that in a mixture of gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases [20]. Therefore, air (20.9% O2, 79.1% N2) at 1 ata total pressure is made up of oxygen at a partial pressure (p) of 0.209 ata and nitrogen at 0.791 ata. At depth, when the ambient pressures increase so do the partial pressures of the constituent gases (e.g. at 20 msw, the partial pressure of nitrogen in air is 3 × 0.791 = 2.373 ata). Originally devised in 1803 by William Henry, Henry's law states that at a constant temperature, the amount of gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with that liquid [20].
The consequence of these physical properties to the diver is that, when breathing gas under pressure, the constituents will dissolve in the body fluids (plasma, cytoplasm and lipids) proportional to the depth underwater since the alveolar/blood interface facilitates gaseous diffusion. Whilst the effects of high partial pressures of oxygen and other constituents of breathing gases should not be understated [11,21], a consequence of exposing tissues, particularly neurological tissue, to high partial pressures of nitrogen is narcosis [12].
Signs and symptoms of inert gas narcosis
Depth (msw) | Atmospheric pressure (atm) | p N2 (atm) | Signs and symptoms of narcosis |
0–10 | 1–2 | 0.79–1.58 | Unnoticeable/minor symptoms such as subtle changes in behaviour |
10–30 | 2–4 | 1.58–3.16 | Mild impairment of unpractised tasks |
Impaired reasoning | |||
30–50 | 4–6 | 3.16–4.74 | Delayed response to visual and auditory stimuli |
Calculation errors and poor choices | |||
Mild amnesia | |||
Overconfidence, idea fixation and a sense of well-being | |||
Laughter (chambers) or anxiety (cold water) | |||
50–70 | 6–8 | 4.74–6.32 | Impaired judgement and confusion |
Hallucinations | |||
Delay in response to signals, instructions and other stimuli | |||
Uncontrolled laughter, hysteria (in chamber) | |||
Feelings of terror (in some) | |||
70–90 | 8–10 | 6.32–7.90 | Mental confusion |
Loss of memory | |||
Stupefaction and loss of judgement | |||
90+ | 10+ | 7.90+ | Hallucinations, increased intensity of vision and hearing |
Unconsciousness | |||
Death |
Manual dexterity and reaction times appear to be affected with increasing depth, but it is unclear whether this is a direct result of neuromuscular deficit, cognitive dysfunction or the direct effect of pressure on the neurons [30,31]. Differential actions of inert gases and pressure on neuronal function might explain some of the discrepancies in in vitro and in vivo studies, supported by observations of high pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS) [24,32]. HPNS is a manifestation of neurological symptoms when exposed to very high pressures (>100 msw). Indications include headache and tremor, which are thought to be linked to enhanced release of the neurotransmitter serotonin since symptoms resemble those of serotonin syndrome and is likely to have a distinct action to narcosis [24,33,34]. Similarly, loss of balance control and the onset of vertigo have been observed at depth, often accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss (neuro-vestibular). In the case studies reported, it is not clear whether IGN per se was responsible for the functional change or whether this was secondary to barotrauma [35]. At depths of between 30 and 50 msw, IGN affects central processing and it is believed that this is responsible for the amnesic effects of deep air diving [35-37]. Free recall, recognition of performed and verbal tasks as well as input into long-term memory are affected by even modest depths of 35 msw (the depth limit for most UK sport divers) [36,38-40]. Some studies also suggest that there are subtle, yet significant, changes to the arousal phase of the emotional response to stimuli when breathing pressurised air at narcotic depth [41]. In addition to cognitive function and coordination, it is suggested that other senses may be altered. The perception of pain is reduced by even modest depths [42] but, interestingly, thermal sensation does not appear to be changed by narcosis. The perception of comfort, however, is altered at depth such that a diver might feel less uncomfortable in colder conditions, thus risking hypothermia [43,44]. Visual impairment has been reported in some individuals [45-47]. Since depth is also usually associated with darkness and, in these circumstances, visual loss may be a compounding factor in incident manifestation when carrying out unpractised tasks [48].
In addition to increased depth, risk factors that can affect an individual's susceptibility to IGN include fatigue and exertion [28], cold, increased partial pressure of CO2, hypercapnia [49], intoxication [50] and anxiety [22]. To mitigate the effects of IGN, ascent to a shallower depth is the simplest management. This will reduce the pN2 in the blood and tissues and reduce the narcotic symptoms. There is some evidence to indicate, however, that some of the symptoms of IGN can persist even when removed completely from the hyperbaric environment [51,52]. IGN can be prevented by avoiding diving to depths of >30 msw or by reducing the partial pressure of nitrogen in the breathing gas (by replacing some nitrogen with helium, which has no narcotic effect) [24,53].
Mechanisms of action of IGN
Solubility in solvent at 37°C (mg/ml) | |||
Gas | Water | Fat | Relative narcotic potency |
Helium (He) | 0.009 | 0.015 | 0.2 (least narcotic) |
Hydrogen (H2) | 0.017 | 0.036 | 0.6 |
Nitrogen (N2) | 0.013 | 0.067 | 1 |
Argon (Ar) | 0.027 | 0.140 | 2.3 |
Xenon (Xe) | 0.085 | 1.700 | 25.6 (most narcotic) |
Oxygen (O2) | 0.022 | 0.11 | 1.7 |
Carbon dioxide (CO2) | 0.838 | 1.34 | 20.0 |
Anaesthetic agents such as hyperbaric nitrogen may bind competitively to cellular proteins, directly to ion channels or other hydrophobic sites within the cell [67,68]. Anaesthetic protein interactions occur that utilise hydrophobic pockets on protein surfaces through which the narcotic agent could interact. For example, xenon gas has been shown to occupy hydrophobic pockets within membrane proteins' tertiary structure, which can inhibit their activity [69]. Protein kinase C (PKC), guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, GABAA and ligand-gated ion channels on sensory and motor neurons have all been cited as target proteins for narcotic agents including nitrogen, although much of this work has been done in animal models or in vitro [56,70,71]. Whether these same biochemical mechanisms can be attributed to hyperbaric nitrogen has yet to be fully elucidated, but there is a growing body of evidence to support this notion. In experimental rats, the activity of inter-neuronal GABAA receptors are desensitized during exposure to high partial pressures of nitrogen leading to decreased activity of the nigrostriatal pathway which is involved in coordination and is implicated in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease [14,72,73]. Whilst it is likely that the actual mechanism of IGN action is probably multifactorial, the implication to those exposed to hyperbaric breathing gases is unchanged: The effects of IGN on the diver include disruption of neuromuscular function and will inevitably affect movement [8,12,30,74].
Most consider the effects of IGN to be an acute response to high partial pressures, which are alleviated by decreasing the partial pressure of the inert gas. However, there is evidence to indicate that some of the symptoms of IGN can be persistent. Following a single dive to 30 msw, measures of critical flicker fusion frequency (a measure of visual acuity) remained significantly altered 30 min after the dive [51]. This persistent alteration in function was reversed by treatment with 100% oxygen, indicating that some of the neurological alterations manifest by high partial pressures of nitrogen may be persistent similar to the delayed recovery from anaesthetics [75].
The research is very limited with regard to adaptation and acclimatisation to nitrogen narcosis. Although it is evident that individuals' functional deficit appears to be ameliorated during recurring exposures to the same pressures [76], it may be that the effects of narcosis experienced are worse upon arrival at depth. There may also be other mechanisms that compensate or exacerbate impairment of function. For example, metabolic challenges during diving may also alter a diver's susceptibility to narcosis: during exertion underwater, there is likely to be increased plasma concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) which has a narcotic index 20-fold higher than nitrogen (Table 2) [12]. Elevated alveolar CO2 associated with experimental hyperbaria has been proposed to be a sensitising factor in IGN [64].
There is little evidence from rigorous studies, however, to indicate that any specific physiological adaptation to nitrogen narcosis occurs [76]. Studies in laboratory animals have, thus far, failed to demonstrate any improvement or change in neurochemical or behavioural indices of narcosis following repeated exposure to high nitrogen partial pressures [72]. Human studies are, unfortunately, less prevalent but there is no evidence to indicate any physiological adaptation especially when considering reaction times and coordination and other objective measures made in subjects exposed to repetitive dives to depth [77]. Learned tasks, however, have been shown to become easier on subsequent exposure, which suggests a degree of 'habituation', rather than true 'adaptation', which is also observed in normobaric conditions [77,78].
Some studies have concluded that the rate of increase of pressure can affect the onset or severity of IGN experienced, with slower onset of pressure of inert gas corresponding to less narcosis [67]. This could be due to a degree of short-term adaptation or compensation. Little is known about the ability of the body to acclimatise to deep dives. There is plenty of anecdotal evidence from divers (the author included) that narcosis is felt less towards the end of a series of repetitive dives to depth or at the end of the diving season (the term "dived up" is often used in the diving community).
SCUBA diving is an increasingly popular pastime for many, but descending to depth can present a number of risks even to experienced divers; and with increasing depth is the likelihood that the diver will suffer from IGN. While breathing air at depths of >30 msw, IGN will affect all divers and the effects can be incapacitating.
Evidence indicates that working-up to deeper diver progressively and prior hyperbaric exposure may help to reduce this risk on an individual. Frequent practice of tasks required at depth (such as rescue skills and use of life-saving equipment) might be of benefit to a diver exposed to narcosis, and a pragmatic approach to deep diving should include personal assessment of "fitness to dive" as well as avoiding the predisposing factors described earlier [9]. Without doubt, however, suitable training, practice and diving buddy selection can help alleviate some of the risk.
inert gas narcosis
- msw:
metres of sea water (depth)
- atm:
atmospheres of pressure
- bar:
barometric pressure (1 bar = 1 atm = 750.06 mmHg)
nitrogen gas
oxygen gas
carbon dioxide gas
nitrous oxide gas
self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor
The author is grateful to the British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) for providing the data from the reports for UK and overseas diving incidents, Dr Samuel Lucas and Dr Toby Mündel for co-organising the research symposium in which these issues were presented and discussed, the School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences for hosting that symposium and Extreme Physiology & Medicine for hosting these reviews.
Authors' Affiliations
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25th March 8pm UK time.
A bit of a special and sad flight this week.
This is a recreation of the final flight by the Lynx Helicopter in UK Service.
FGUK FlightNight EGOD Mach Loop Saturday 18th March 2017 Start 20:00 - End 22:00 GMT
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Originally posted by Flyboy
View Post
No announcement yet.
Hackett to Panthers
"Every light must fade, every heart return to darkness!"
-San Francisco 49ers: Five Time Super Bowl Champions-Originally posted by BoratOh, my bad. Didn't realize SWDC was the pinnacle of class and grace.
Originally posted by The Great Jonathan Vilma View Postany ideas on why this contract is so low? given the trend this offseason this seems to be extremely cheap. Am i missing something?
Still a good signing though, I'm guessing they cut Dwayne Jarrett. Yet another USC bust.
Nobody cares about your stupid fantasy team.
Cut Jarrett? So soon -- yeah, I don't see that happening.The whole world loves neophyte athletic tight end Jimmy Graham from Miami with the 95th pick. "Best pick in the draft,'' one AFC coach told me. "Give him time, and in that offense, he'll be better than [Jeremy] Shockey by the start of next year.''
�We know that no matter the adversity, be it the lockout, be it the suspension or be it a hurricane, our men will pull together and defend the honor of this city. We�ve shown we�ve been able to do that.� - Jabari Greer
Originally posted by Flyboy View PostCut Jarrett? So soon -- yeah, I don't see that happening.
Not to mention his DUI.
Nobody cares about your stupid fantasy team.
i'd be very surprised if we did cut jarrett. there's been no indication from the FO that he is to be cut and all that has been said about him is they expect him to step up his game next year. there was a need on the roster for two WR's after we lost colbert and carter (albeit not a terrible loss) in FA.
i don't think we're ready to give up on him just yet.


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Constantly inspired by the laid back Los Angeles lifestyle in which the brand was founded, Lovers + Friend exudes ease and wearability, creating an effortlessly chic look that is California cool.


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What are the delivery costs?
We offer Free UK Delivery on all orders.
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Standard delivery is normally 2 - 5 working days.
International delivery costs and delivery times vary for different countries. Please see here for more information.
Christmas delivery
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- Lightweight and aerodynamic shoecover that protects against wind and rain.
- Lycra covered with PolyUrethane (PU) rubber gives the highest level of water-resistance and flexibility.
- 40 mm wide elastic band prevents water to come in from the top opening.
- Reflective artwork for extra visibility.
- Industrial-strength YKK-zipper.
- Flap behind the zipper.
- All seams are covered with waterproof tape, preventing any water to leak through.
- Kevlar reinforcements on the sole as well as on the nose.
- Sizes: 37/38, 39/40, 41/42, 43/44, 45/46 and 47/48.
- Colors: black and neon yellow.


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and the other a cherry-themed gift box, in honor of my book, THE ORCHARD, each chosen randomly. They will be delicious! The contest will run until midnight, Saturday, June 12. I have also simplified the requirements to enter (because I'm new at this and went a little crazy). Here is what you need to do to win one of these fantastic prizes:
- Leave a meaningful comment to let me know you were here. 1 point
- Tweet or Facebook this contest and let me know in a comment. 1 point
- Send me the answer to the following silly questions in an email at kristalynnej at yahoo dot com. 2 points
b)What must Andrea's hero retrieve to save those he loves? (see my interview of Andrea here)
c)What is Krista's made up pen name? (See her interview of me here)
d)Why doesn't Andrea speak Canadian, eh?
EXTRA TWITTER BONUS POINT: What is Krista's husband's pen name for her? #answeronKristasTwitterProfilepage
Congratulations to Melissa Nielsen, who was my 50th follower! Thanks, Melissa. You get a bonus point in the contest and your name indelibly emblazoned in my memory forever. Yay!


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I don't know much about the game but here are some screenshots.
IRVINE, Calif. – May 20, 2008
Atlus U.S.A., Inc. today announced that Drone Tactics, a game of turn-based strategy RPG warfare for Nintendo DS™ featuring colossal insect mechs, is now available in stores across North America. A new set of screenshots is available to commemorate the game's release.
About Drone Tactics
Transported to an alien world, you find yourself in the middle of a great conflict. An army of evil Drones is on the march, threatening to obliterate the land of Cimexus. Its inhabitants now turn to you to lead them in battle against the Black Swarm. Each level offers new challenges, and taking full advantage of each Drone's unique specialties will be the difference between success and defeat!
Key Features
• Build and command your own Drone army – Wreak mechanical havoc with your squad of insect mechs, choosing from over 100 weapons, upgrades, and power-ups to optimize your forces
• Conquer dozens of campaign operations and over 50 additional maps – Take on the forces of the Black Swarm then confront the challenges that wait in the mysterious Badlands
• Battle for domination in head-to-head combat – Friends become enemies in local wireless playDrone Tactics has been rated E10+ (Everyone 10 and older) with Mild Fantasy Violence and Mild Language by the ESRB.


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800 Parkview Drive # 901 Hallandale, Florida 33009
Close to Ocean - 1bed 1.5 Bath amenities include: free shuttle to local shopping, internet in the common areas, oversized heated swimming pool, bbq area and so much more. It is all about location, close to the beaches, shopping, restaurants, casinos, race tracks, Aventura Mall. In between Miami and Ft. Lauderdale airport. Can be rented immediately after purchase.
EWM is not responsible for the accuracy of the information listed above. The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange Program and the South East Florida Regional MLS and is provided here for consumers personal, non-commercial use, It may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than the office owning this web site are marked with the IDX logo. Data provided is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.


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Learnt so much in just 1 week!
I throughly enjoyed the 1 week intensive Pattern Cutting course and learnt so mu...more
Average student ranking
I throughly enjoyed the 1 week intensive Pattern Cutting course and learnt so much more than what the courses description described!! The course was so efficient and I feel my Pattern Cutting skills have developed dramatically. Cant wait to take part in another course this year.
I recently took part in the Learn To Sew weekend class at Fashion Antidote and it was fantastic! I learnt so much, and feel much more capable with my own sewing skills. The staff was lovely, and the studio was clean and had everything you needed. I would recommend this course to anyone wanting to learn the basic of sewing! My class was small which meant I got great 1 to 1 help from the tutor.
Personal tuition in a small group meant that this course covered a huge amount of ground without losing us on the way. The tuitition was professional and friendly, with the tutors sharing practical, personal experience as well as instruction. Attendees ranged from amateurs wanting to learn to those wanting to make a business in fashion; the mix worked well. I will definitely take further courses from Fashion Antidote.
I enjoyed this course immensely. It IS intensive - it covered a lot of ground in a week, but I feel that I now have the tools to be able to experiment confidently creating patterns from an idea, as well as altering those I already own. I look forward to attending further courses - Fashion Antidote is very friendly and personal. All very inspiring!
I enjoyed the week's course immensely. I learned so many new techniques and now have to put them into practise. I made my own block for a skirt and bodice and now understand how to use them in a variety of ways. Susan and Serafina were excellent teachers. All equipment was provided and I have since invested in my own sewing tools which proved invaluable on the course. I would recommend Fashion Antidote to all aspiring dressmakers. I intend signing up for further courses in the future. Christine McNaughton
I found this course really inspiring, I got a lot of good ideas for new designs, and a better understanding of the designers process. The studio is small and friendly, it was nice to work in a space with likeminded people.
As an absolute beginer I learnt so much on The Fashion Drawing course. It covered far more than I expected and the teacher was very patient and really gave me confidece .
Small group & super friendly tutor. I did a 4 week evening class, which meant it did feel a bit manic, but I think Robert was making sure he packed in as much as possible, so a lot was achieved in a short space of time - value for money!


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The struggle with the digital lifestyle continues. I have long been an advocate of using technology to improve one's lifestyle, improve collaboration, and to keep things more or less organized. In most cases, I am a walking solution looking for problems that lack technology.
Yet, I find myself at odds with technology when it comes to making significant strides in my personal and professional goals. I have always required some degree of deep concentration and time to process all that must be juggled. Lately, however, the need is becoming more pronounced.
Savings is something sacred that you need to build up and guard against loss. Warren Buffet has some famous rules about not losing money. We should not rely on savings for spending money. Rather savings should working in your favor while you use other financing to get by. All too often, savings is treated as a sort of sinking fund, money set aside to pay off debt or to repurchase a depreciating asset. But, you don't save money for the purpose of spending it.
You can earn a higher hourly rate in your free time than you can earn in your day job. This is assuming that you have some sort of skilled gig you can do quickly. For example, I do IT side jobs after work and on weekends. The hourly rate I can charge for these services is way more than I would earn as a technician for somebody else.
I have just launched FIRE Blog Gallery, a website about personal finance and things related to Financial Independence and Retire Early. The site is a way for me to share some of my favorite posts about personal finance and business.
Recently, I asked my assistant to spend some time thinking about blog topics for me. Lately, I have been in a doing mode, not too much about the thinking, at least in my personal life. Consequently, things at work are going great when I am fresh and ready to think. But, I am fried at the end of the day with little thinking capacity left for home. So, I need some pre-thinking done.
I outsource some things at home, like yard work. I figured that I could outsource topic thinking too. If given a topic, I could get straight to writing about it. Choosing a topic is sometimes the toughest part of writing blog posts. Here are some thoughts of my own about outsourced thinking, ironically.
On the surface, minimalism seems like an ascetic lifestyle. One mistakenly imagines that minimalists are the type to live out in the desert with a jug of water and a packet of crackers with nature to entertain them. This version of minimalism is a rather extreme version. However, that is not to say that the ascetic is not experiencing his version of freedom.
Rather, minimalism is best described as letting go of the unessential. For the sake of argument, if you are a painter and spend all your time on your art, the items that are essential to you are your brushes, paints, canvases, and other items that aid you in your pursuits. Unessential to you are newspaper and magazine subscriptions, season tickets, and a McMansion.
Today, I received the shipment of my new Vibram Five Finger shoes. This model is the Spyridon MR Trail Running Shoe, which I purchased from Amazon. Although I am not yet a runner, let alone a trail runner, I expect to eventually be one.
I wrote about my motives for barefoot running, or the closest thing to it a few days ago when I placed my order. I must confess that what I imagined the experience of Vibram Five Fingers and what has actually happened have parted ways.
It is possible to have peace and freedom in your life despite who is in elected office. Having worked in politics, there was some uneasiness I had when I was in the thick of it. It can be fun and fascinating; but, I didn't really feel like I was making much of a difference in the lives of the people over whom I helped make policy. I later realized what was causing me the unrest.
There were a number of people whom I know who completely lost their reason after the election result last week. They truly believe that the end of the world is nigh. On top of that, a bunch of snowflake millennials are protesting and rioting as if that ever changed an election result.


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One of the more significant changes to the Patriots' coaching staff this offseason was on the defensive side, with Matt Patricia moving from linebackers coach to safeties coach, and Patrick Graham earning a promotion from coaching assistant to linebackers coach.
Graham, a former defensive lineman at Yale (Class of 2001), has earned praise from head coach Bill Belichick. In March, Belichick said: "I think he's really a good young coach. I'm glad he's on our staff. He's done a terrific job for us."
With promising young linebackers on the Patriots' roster such as Jermaine Cunningham, Brandon Spikes and others, Graham's work in developing them figures to be important to the team's long-term success. It seems like a lot to put on a young coach.
Yet in catching up with linebacker and captain Jerod Mayo this week, he thinks it will be a smooth transition because Graham "kind of helped out with the linebackers last year" and "I think we have guys in the linebacker room willing to work."
Mayo also doesn't expect Graham to be alone in the role.
"You know that Coach Belichick will still be in the [linebacker] room," he said.
For the second straight year, Belichick is expected to lead the defense, which doesn't have an official coordinator. It looks like a significant amount of his defensive workload will be focused on the linebackers.


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PURCHASE, N.Y.— FROM the moment they became teammates last season, they were thrust into an awkward situation that neither man wanted.
Maurice Cheeks, the quiet and unassuming professional, did not come to New York to cause trouble for Mark Jackson or anyone else. And Jackson, the proud New York native, respected Cheeks's ability, but he also knew Cheeks was a threat to take his starting job. Cheeks eventually did just that. It is too early to tell whether there will be another point-guard controversy on the Knicks this season. The potential for turmoil remains, because Cheeks and Jackson are two talented players at the same position. If the Knicks keep both, one will do most of the playing, while the other will do most of the sitting. And sitting rarely sits well with any professional athlete.
For now, Jackson and Cheeks realize that to avoid acrimony, they must coexist in harmony. So no matter who wins the starting job during training camp, both men say they will accept the final decision of Stu Jackson, the coach. The better Cheeks and Jackson handle the circumstances, the better the Knicks will be.
''We just have to stay in tune with one another, and not let one go one way, and the other go another way,'' Cheeks said. ''We're here for the same reason. There's no rift between him and I. We're just two players at the same position after the same goal.
''Mark's going to be around a lot longer than I am. The main thing for him, or for any player, is that you have to believe in your abilities no matter what. And he'll have to decipher between the things he might hear in the press, or from outsiders, and the positive things he hears from us. That's not always easy to do. But to be successful, you have to learn how to deal with the negative and to stay positive.''
At age 34, Cheeks could very well end his career in New York. As for the 25-year-old Jackson, there is a possibility the Knicks will trade him during the preseason. In fact, when asked if he and his new wife, Desiree Coleman Jackson, bought a new home during the summer, Jackson smiled and said: ''Not yet. If I'm not traded, we might.''
Al Bianchi, the Knicks' general manager, has been careful not to give the impression that New York is shopping Jackson around. But other National Basketball Association teams will watch Jackson's play closely during the preseason, and if they like what they see, they are certain to make offers. The Knicks will undoubtedly listen.
''Mark knows there is going to be a lot of speculation about whether he's going to be here,'' Bianchi said. ''Whether he's here or somewhere else, he told me he's going to be the best possible player he can be. I think that's the right attitude. We're coming into this camp saying he's going to play for us. Now, that could change. But I don't want to say anything that leads you to believe that I'm out on the phone calling every day. I'm not. We assume that if Mark's in better shape, which he is, then there's no reason he can't return to the form he had the first two years.''
Jackson reported to training camp on Tuesday in what he called, ''The best shape of my life.'' He punished his body during the summer, riding exercise bikes, playing pick-up games, working out on his own.
Jackson's statistics dropped in almost every category last season -minutes played, field-goal percentage, rebounds, assists, steals and scoring average. What happened to the Mark Jackson who was the league's Rookie of the Year in 1988 and who made the All-Star team in 1989? Perhaps not even Jackson knows, or if he does, he does not want to admit he lost his desire or his confidence.
''I had the same hunger,'' Jackson said. ''I just didn't have the opportunity to fulfill that hunger because I wasn't playing as much.''
But the harsh treatment Jackson received from his hometown fans made last season's slump even harder to take. These were the same fans who loved him in college at St. John's, who cheered when New York drafted him, and who adored him during his first two seasons with the Knicks.
Last season they turned on him. Rod Strickland outplayed Jackson during the preseason last year, but Jackson opened the season as the starting point guard. Strickland fumed, and the fans took sides. When Strickland was traded to San Antonio for Cheeks in February, Strickland's supporters became Cheeks's supporters. Jackson continued to struggle and once Cheeks became the starter, his consistent play relegated Jackson to backup status. Jackson was booed at Madison Square Garden with regularity, sometimes before he even had a chance to make a mistake.
Some have theorized that Jackson's demonstrative playing style helped fuel the fans' venom. After outstanding plays, Jackson has been known to wave his index finger, or to spread his arms and dip low to the ground while running, a Jackson move known as ''the airplane.'' Perhaps those who perceived Jackson as being cocky relished his hard times last season, but Jackson does not accept that theory.
''Even when I stopped doing that stuff, I was still getting booed, so that couldn't have been the case,'' Jackson said. ''That part of me has always been misunderstood anyway. I'm just being myself.
''Hopefully that's all in the past. I don't need any negative things to going into my mind right now. I don't read the papers anymore and I haven't for a while now. I'm just concentrating on doing my job.''
His coaches and teammates have described Jackson's play during closed workouts this week as ''solid and very business-like.'' But Cheeks is the incumbent starter, and it will take a strong preseason for Jackson to win back his starting job.
When Stu Jackson was asked if he learned anything from last year's point guard controversy, he responded: ''I learned that a decision is going to have to be made early, and that we're going to have to stick with it. The decision is going to be based on who's playing the best.''
When asked who should be considered the starter at this point, Stu Jackson said: ''I'd say if I had to pick the starter today, it would probably be the same way we ended last year. But that's not engraved in stone. And to Mark's credit, he is playing very well in practice, as is Maurice.''
So the saga continues, two men on the same team, at the same position, who want the same thing. Mark Jackson has much admiration for Cheeks, saying, ''Me and Mo never had a problem and we never will. He's a great guy, a future Hall of Famer. He's someone I can steal some things from while I'm playing with him.''
But Mark Jackson is determined to show everyone that the Knicks have more than one outstanding point guard, should they choose to keep him.
''Somebody has to be the backup, and if it's me, I'll deal with it,'' Jackson said. ''I just want to get the opportunity to show what I can do. I've been waiting all summer for this. If I don't play, it won't be because I don't deserve to.''
Photo: Knicks' Mark Jackson, left, and Maurice Cheeks are taking a low-key approach in their competition for the starting point-guard job. (Associated Press)


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3. ACFIE 2008: Haikou, China
- Bing-yuan Cao, Cheng-Yi Zhang, Tai-fu Li:
Fuzzy Information and Engineering - Volume 1, Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering, ACFIE 2008, December 5-10, 2008, Haikou, China. Advances in Soft Computing 54, 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-88913-7
Fuzzy Intelligence, Neural Networks and Optimal
- Ting-quan Deng, Cheng-dong Yang, Yue-tong Zhang, Xin-xia Wang:
An Improved Ant Colony Optimization Applied to Attributes Reduction. 1-6 - Li-hua Chen, Xiao-yun Zhang:
Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Classify Water Quality of the Yellow River. 15-23 - Hong-yong Yang, Fu-zeng Zhang:
Autonomous Mobile Intelligent Robots on Fuzzy System with Optimal Theories. 24-32 - Ming Ma, Libiao Zhang, Xiangli Xu:
Fuzzy Neural Network Optimization by a Multi-Objective Differential Evolution Algorithm. 38-43 - Qian-hong Zhang, Li-hui Yang:
Stability of Periodic Solution to Fuzzy BAM Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays. 44-53
Fuzzy Algebra
- De-yuan Li, Cheng-Yi Zhang, Sheng-quan Ma:
The Intuitionistic Anti-fuzzy Subgroup in Group G. 145-151
Fuzzy Analysis
- Xiao-Ning Wang, Xue-Hai Yuan, Hongxing Li:
The Theoretical Methods of Constructing Fuzzy Inference Relations. 157-169 - Sheng-quan Ma, De-jun Peng, De-yuan Li:
Fuzzy Complex Value Measure and Fuzzy Complex Value Measurable Function. 187-192 - Rong Lan, Jiu-lun Fan:
A Multi-criteria Decision Making Method on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. 210-217 - Dong-kai Zhang, Wen-li Feng, Ji-Qing Qiu, Duo-Ming Xi:
On the Study of Linear Properties for Fuzzy-Number-Valued Fuzzy Integrals. 227-232
Fuzzy Systems and Logic
- Kaibiao Sun, Hongxing Li:
Some Single Machine Scheduling Problems with an Actual Time-Dependent and Position-Dependent Learning Effect. 258-269 - Xu-dong Sun, Si-zong Guo:
Solving Fuzzy Linear Systems Based on the Structured Element Method. 270-276
Fuzzy Topology and Measure
- Qin-peng Cai, Juan Li, Chengyi Zhang:
The Direction Entropies for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. 366-372 - Juan Li, Qi Niu, Chengyi Zhang:
Similarity Measure and Fuzzy Entropy of Fuzzy Number Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. 373-379
Fuzzy Probability, Forecasting and Control Decision-Making
- Guo-hua Chen, Xiao-lian Liao:
A Possibilistic Mean Absolute Deviation Portfolio Selection Model. 386-396 - Yu Guo, Wen-long Chen, Shouyu Chen:
Application of System NCF Method to Ice Flood Prediction of the Yellow River. 404-419 - Li-juan Ma, Ming-Hu Ha:
Support Vector Machines Based on Sectional Set Fuzzy K-Means Clustering. 420-425 - Ping He:
Crime Pattern Discovery and Fuzzy Information Analysis Based on Optimal Intuition Decision-Making. 426-439 - Yuan Huang, Ciyuan Xiao, Xue Wu:
Research on Fuzzy Multiple Objective Decision Model of Evaluation of Gas Well Deliverability. 440-447
Fuzzy Clustering and Fuzzy Algorithms
- Kong-sheng Zhang, Bai-nian Li, Jian Xu, Li-Bin Wu:
New Modification of Fuzzy c -Means Clustering Algorithm. 448-455 - Chun-de Yang, Jing-jing Ren:
The Comparison about the Clustering Analysis Based on the Fuzzy Relation. 456-464 - Guo Bing:
Pattern Recognition and Classification for Tactile Sensor Based on Fuzzy Decision Tree. 471-478 - G. Q. Wang, Y. J. Yue, X. Z. Cai:
A Weighted-Path-Following Method for Monotone Horizontal Linear Complementarity Problem. 479-487 - Xiaoyi Yang, Bing Guo:
Study on Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Mathematical Morphology. 488-495 - Gu-xin Li, Ke-ying Jiao, Qi Niu:
Regional Economic Evaluation Method Based on Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering and Rough Set's Property Importance Theory: Comprehensive evaluation of county economic development level in henna. 503-510
Application in Fuzzy Sets
- Yuhong Li, Yu Zhao, Guang-yu Qin, Jiajun Lai, Chunjie Qi:
An Empirical Study on the Contribution of Export of Horticultural Products to the Growth of Agricultural Economy. 511-519 - Xianyong Zhang, Zhiwen Mo, Fang Xiong:
Approximation of Intersection of Grade and Precision. 526-530 - Jin Zheng, Yu-bin Zhong:
The FHSE Model and Its Application in SESS for Construction of GUT. 531-539 - Ya-Feng Xia, Guo-ying Pang:
Bayes Method of Multiple Fuzzy Assumptive Test of Vnilatent Truncation Distribution Model under Linex Loss. 540-546 - Kaiqi Zou, Zhiping Wang, Shao-jing Pei, Ming Hu:
An New Initialization Method for Fuzzy c-Means Algorithm Based on Density. 547-553 - Xin Xu:
On Coordination of Supply Chain Based on Information Asymmetry of Effort Level and Fuzzy Market Environment. 554-565 - Ze-jun Shao, Shu-ping Gao, Sha-sha Wang:
A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Travel Time. 566-574 - Yucheng Liu, Taifu Li, Bing Guo, Li-jun Tang:
Networked Monitoring System Based on Embedded Dynamic Web. 575-584
Rough Sets and Its Application
- Zhangyan Xu, Bingru Yang:
An Efficient Algorithm for Pawlak Reduction Based on Simplified Discernibility Matrix. 610-619 - Guang-li Xu, Chun-ying Zhang, Xiao-Liang Zhu:
The Characteristics of Singular Rough Sets on CS ( K ). 620-626 - Meng-Lei Lin:
A Characterization for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Based on the Assistant Sets Generated by S-Rough Sets. 627-631 - Hai-qing Hu, Haiyan Fu, Kai-quan Shi:
Singular Rough Sets Method in Attribute Generalization. 632-639 - Chun-ying Zhang, Feng-chun Liu, Rui-ying Zhou:
The IDC Membership Distance between Vague Sets and Its Application. 640-646 - Bao Qing Hu, Zheng Hua Huang:
(^, T)(\bot , \, \top)-Generalized Fuzzy Rough Sets Based on Fuzzy Composition Operations. 647-659


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Lot 3285: English Milled Coins - Edward VII - 1902 - Matt Proof Threepence
Coins: Day 5
by TimeLine Auctions
December 10, 2016
London, United Kingdom
Live AuctionSold
Looking for the realized and estimated price?
Description: Dated 1902 AD. Obv: profile bust with EDWARDVS VII D G BRITT OMN REX F D IND IMP legend. Rev: crown over large 3 dividing date within wreath. S. 3984; ESC 6th, 3618 (old 2115); BSC 1610 part (listed as Maundy only). 1.42 grams. . Ex Dolphin Coins (with ticket). [No Reserve]
Condition Report: Proof; few tiny hairlines.


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Local History Resources
I'm noticing a number of local history queries here. Don't forget these local history resources:
Duluth Public Library
The Reference Desk maintains a cool local history blog,
and a Duluth Collection in a special room — great to write in!
… and historical Duluth newspaper access, which has a good amount of material, for example, on Whole Foods:
03/31/1993 D08 Photo / Whole Foods Coop / Setting up Shop
04/06/1989 C01 Organic Food Growing in Popularity / Whole Foods
There are bits about Whole Foods in the Regional Magazine database that the library maintains, as well.
On the UMD campus, there's the Northeast Minnesota Historical Center.
For visual resources, nothing beats Minnesota Reflections … part of the Minnesota Digital Library.
There's an amazing amount of stuff at the MHS website.
And the Douglas County and Superior public libraries maintain genealogy resources of value to the reporter!
Barrett and Paul, I'm betting you could write a book about conducting local history research. What have I missed?
Recommended Links:
3 Comments
about 5 years agoI was just asking someone about local history resources, and followed PDD's History link yesterday to follow up---so thank you for posting this!
about 5 years agoI'm noticing a number of UMD journalism students trolling PDD (agaaaaain). Don't forget that the UMD library has a freaking regional history archive (Annex, Room 202). It's almost like using your laptop at Starbucks, but with more walking. Patricia Maus and Mags David work there, and they are awesome.
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by Steve Hemphill;
Out of stock
Free UK delivery when you spend £10 or more
If you're buying for a church, school or business, why not Buy Now Pay Later?
Find Out MoreMy Search for Prayers Satan Hates
Full Product Description
Follow Steve on a Scriptural journey that examines how a believer can overcome the forces of darkness through prayer and the power of God's word. Buddy Helms, Pastor, Brentwood Family Fellowship, San Angelo, TX. � [This book] will challenge you to take the spiritual dimension of life more seriously while giving you the tools you need to experience God's protection and direction ...� Satan may hate Steve's book, but you will love it.� Gordon Dabbs, Ph.D, Preaching Minister of the Prestoncrest Church of Christ, Dallas, TX � Never before have I seen such a practical approach to using prayer to fight the devil on a daily basis.� Edward P. Myers, Ph.D., Bible Professor, Harding University � The world of unseen spirits--good and bad--does exist.� Steve Hemphill, in his distinctive and forthright style, forces us to come to grips with this spiritual reality found throughout the pages of Scripture...�A good and thought-provoking read.� Royce Money, Ph.D., Chancellor, Abilene Christian University � Are demons real? Do we really have invisible enemies that affect the visible world? Satan tries to convince people he doesn't exist, but he does. This powerful new book provides inspirational insight into the most powerful weapon in this cosmic conflict: prayer.� Prayer empowers, putting Satan on notice. My Search for Prayers Satan Hates reveals shocking subtleties about the enemy.�It informs, inspires, and exposes strategies that help you advance God's kingdom and protect yourself. Marvel at how Steve has seen God overthrow strongholds and change lives. Learn about his personal experiences and experience the victory of others. Steve dissects the Scriptures with amazing focus, and offers prayers to remedy the pains of life that haunt us. This is not a book of theory, but reality. The spiritual battles described are informative, encouraging, compelling, and challenging. Practical solutions are revealed that leave you thankful and hopeful. Learn how to access God's power in real-life situations. If you are tired of a defensive battle and ready to take it to the enemy, then pick up this book and read it.�You may never be the same.�
My Search for Prayers Satan Hates by Steve Hemphill was published by Tate Publishing & Enterprises in September 2013 and is our 56945th best seller. The ISBN for My Search for Prayers Satan Hates is 9781627462297.
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Details for My Search for Prayers Satan Hates
Page last updated | 14th March 2017 |
Author / Artist | Steve Hemphill |
Book Format | Paperback / softback |
Publisher | Tate Publishing & Enterprises (September 2013) |
Weight | 295g |
Number of Pages | 232 |
Thickness | 15 mm |
Height | 224 mm |
Width | 150 mm |
Product Code | 4301982 |


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It comes as no surprise that the collection of Art is more
extensive than other museum collections. It encompasses over 14 000 items
coming from all over the country.
The Polish painting makes up the most
substantial part of the collection along with the Polish and European graphic
art. Decorative art, sculpture, icon painting
and photography are much
more modest in scope.
The catalogue 'Collection of contemporary art of the Silesian
Museum in Katowice' is available in the Internet shop
www.sklep.muzeumslaskie.pl .


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14-01-2011 | |
tfs star
Don't be harsh? I'll see what I can do, though I have no problem being a meanie, especially with horrid fashions.
It has already been [well] established that I see no point/style/charm to over-the-knee boots. These, however, are alright to me. So (slight) Yay! to these suede boots. I am actually okay with ponchos. I know they may not be to everyone's liking, but they are okay to me. This poncho is pretty nice. (Slight) Yay! to the poncho as well. If we're debating those boots and this poncho together as one look, I'll have to Nay! that. Long poncho + over-the-knee boots... as disproportionate as disproportionate gets. Regardless, I'm okay with both the boots and the poncho.
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02-02-2011 | |
fashion icon
Lightened- i love the wedges big yay
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