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Publication number | US4783811 A |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 06/687,097 |
Publication date | Nov 8, 1988 |
Filing date | Dec 27, 1984 |
Priority date | Dec 27, 1984 |
Fee status | Paid |
Publication number | 06687097, 687097, US 4783811 A, US 4783811A, US-A-4783811, US4783811 A, US4783811A |
Inventors | William M. Fisher, Kathleen M. Marshall |
Original Assignee | Texas Instruments Incorporated |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (24), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
This invention relates to transformation of symbolic data, and more particularly relates to the determination of syllable boundaries of words in speech synthesis.
This application is related to patent application Ser. No. 687,101 entitled "Method for Transforming Symbolic Data," by William M. Fisher, filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the present assignee.
Various methods and systems for speech synthesis, including text-to-speech applications, have been heretofore developed. For example, reference is made to the co-pending patent application Ser. No. 240,694 filed Mar. 5, l98l (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,685,135) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,059, issued to Lin et al and assigned to the current assignee.
It is important in such speech synthesis systems that the proper accent be placed at the proper syllable boundaries to provide accurate synthesis of human speech. In addition, it is desirable to have proper syllable boundary determination in a word processor system which provides hyphenation of a word at the end of a text line.
A number of writers in theoretical linguistics have provided abstract principles and rules for syllabification, such as "Aspiration, Tenseness and Syllabification in English" by J. E. Hoard, LANGUAGE, Volume 47, Number 1, March, 1971, pages 133-140; "The Syllable in Phonological Theory" by Joan B. Hooper, LANGUAGE, Volume 48, Number 3, September 1972, pages 525-540; "Syllable-Based Generalizations in English Phonology" by Daniel Kahn, Ph.D. Dissertation for the University of Massachusetts, reproduced by I.U. Linguistics Club, December 1976; and "A Demisyllable Inventory for Speech Synthesis" by J. B. Lovins et al, Speech Communication Papers presented at the 97th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, ed. Jared J. Wolf and Dennis H. Klatt, New York Acoustical Society of America, 1971, pages 519-522.
However, the prior art has not produced a computer simulation of syllable rules which may be practically implemented in voice synthesis systems such as text-to-speech systems or which may be used in word processing techniques to provide hyphenation.
In accordance with the present invention, a method of determining syllable boundaries of words includes the step of converting the words to a string of bytes representing phonemes without marked syllable boundaries. A set of rules are stored which define desired syllable boundaries. The rules are then sequentially applied to transform the bytes in accordance with the rules to a string of bytes with correctly marked syllable boundaries. The string of bytes may then be subsequently used in voice synthesis systems or in word processing hyphenation techniques.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided to determine syllable boundaries in a series of bytes without marked syllable boundaries. A set of rules is stored which defines syllable boundaries. Each of the rules includes a left environment, an input, a right environment and an output. The rules are sequentially compared with the bytes. When the bytes and the associated left and right environments of the bytes match the rules, the bytes are transformed to the output of the rules to provide the proper syllabification.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided to determine syllable boundaries in a series of bytes without marked syllable boundaries. A set of rules is stored which defines syllable boundaries, each of the rules including a left environment, an input, a right environment and an output. A pointer is utilized to point to a segment of bytes. The rules are compared to the segment of bytes until a match is found between the left environment, input and right environment of a rule with the segment of bytes. The matched segment of bytes is then transformed by substituting the output of the matched rule for the matched segment of bytes. The transformed bytes may then be utilized to provide proper syllabification in word synthesis or in a word processing environment.
In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, the present syllabification method automatically provides for the syllable boundary immediately preceding a stressed vowel to be placed as far to the left as possible without violating the structure of a good word-initial consonant cluster. Also, the syllable boundary following the stressed vowel is placed as far to the right as possible without violating the structure of a good syllable-final consonant cluster. Allophone varieties to the right of a syllable boundary preceding a stressed vowel are therefore stressed, syllable-initial varieties, while those following the stressed vowel and preceding a syllable boundary are unstressed, syllable- or word- final varieties. Word-internal consonant clusters are, therefore, key elements in determining where syllable-boundaries fall
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical text-to-speech system utilizing the syllabification rules of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a complete computer flow diagram demonstrating the application of the syllabification rules of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a computer flow diagram indicating the matching of the stored syllabifications against input symbolic data; and
FIG. 4 is a representation of typical linked tables for storage of the user-defined symbols of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a typical text-to-speech system is illustrated in which the present syllabification technique may be utilized. Although the invention will be described with respect to a text-to-speech system, it will be understood that the invention may be used in any other system requiring the proper placement of syllable boundaries. For example, the present technique may be utilized in word processing techniques, such as hyphenation.
Digital allophonic code characters in the form of a byte string are applied to a rules processor 10 for comparison with a stored set of rules in a rules storage 12. After syllabification of the digital characters by the stored rules in the rules processor 10, the transformed string of bytes is entered in the microprocessor 14 which is connected to control a stringer controller 16 and a voice audio synthesizer 18. An allophone library 20 is interconnected with the stringer to apply allophone rules to the stringer. The resulting audio output from the synthesizer 18 is output from a speaker 22 to provide speech-like sounds in response to the input allophonic code.
The rules processor 10 may comprise, for example, a Texas Instruments Inc. type TMCO 420 microcomputer. The rules storage 12 may comprise, for example, a Texas Instruments Inc. type TMS 6100 (TMC 3500) voice synthesis memory which is a ROM internally organized as 16k�8 bits. The microprocessor 14 may also comprise, for example, a type TMCO 420 microcomputer. The stringer 16 may comprise a Texas Instruments Inc. TMCO 356 controller. The allophone library may comprise, for example, a Texas Instruments Inc. type TMS 6100 ROM, or may, alternatively, comprise an internal ROM within the stringer 16. The synthesizer may be of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,2O9,836 owned by the present assignee.
Additional detail of the construction and operation of the text-to-speech system of FIG. 1 may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,059 by Lin, et al and assigned to the present assignee and in pending U S. patent application Ser. No. 24O,694, filed Mar. 5, 1981 (now U.S. Pat. No. 4,685,135) and assigned to the present assignee. Alternatively, the present syllabification technique may be embodied in other digital processing systems such as a VAX computer or other suitable processors.
The present invention is primarily directed to the operation of the rules processor 10 and the rules storage 12. The present method transforms the input symbolic data represented by the digital characters input to the rule processor 10 into output symbolic data for application to the microprocessor 4. The present invention interprets and applies a data structure representing a set or sets of pattern matching rules, also termed "source" sets of rules. The present invention thus comprises an abstract finite-state transducer driven by table data. The digital characters input to the rule processor 10 will hereinafter be termed "input data" or "input symbolic data" and comprise a string of byte values. The output of the rules processor 10 will hereinafter be termed "output data" or "output symbolic data" which comprises a linear array of byte values which have been ordered by syllable boundaries in accordance with the rules storage 12.
The rules stored in the rules storage 12 comprise a series of one to N sets of rules which are applied iteratively to the input symbolic data. The input symbolic data is stored in a first buffer memory location in processor 10. The selected byte segments of the stored input symbolic data are compared to each of the rules in turn from the appropriate rules section (i.e. p - phoneme syllable rules), until one is found that matches. If one of the rules matches the input data, then the byte segments are transformed and placed in the second memory buffer. Next, the next selected byte segments are compared to each of the rules in turn (from the appropriate section for those bytes), and if a match is found, then the bytes are transformed by the rules. The 1 to N set of rules which can be applied iteratively refer to the process by which the output of one set of rules becomes the input symbolic data to the next set of rules. The number of rule sets to be applied in cascade is thus limited only by the amount of memory used in the system.
Each rule is composed of the traditional four parts; the left environment, the input or source, the right environment and the output or target. The rule output contains the proper syllabification. Each of the four parts of the rule are stored as byte values in the rules storage ROM 12.
Referring to FIG. 2, when it is desired to apply a rule, a memory register acting as a pointer or cursor is first initialized at step 24 with the address of the first byte value in the input buffer to be transformed. The local pointer is termed ISI and is set to the initialization value termed ISI START.
A check is made at step 26 as to whether or not all input bytes have been translated. If the answer is yes, the process stops at step 28. If the answer is no, a simple error check is made at step 30 on the input byte which is about to be translated. The check at 30 is a determination as to whether or not the ISI input byte is greater than the lowest possible input code and less than the highest possible input code. If the byte is not satisfactory, an error message is written at step 32 and the pointer to the input string is incremented by one character or one byte at step 34 and the process then loops back to the beginning of the process.
If the check at 30 is satisfactory, an index table is used at step 36 to point to the different rules inside the string of stored rules in ROM 12. At this step, another pointer, which is termed the "I RULE", is set to point to the beginning of the first rule that can apply to the particular byte being reviewed. For example, if the input byte ISI represents the letter "A", then the "I RULE" is set to point to the beginning of the "A" rules. This technique thus allows indexing of rules to be utilized, as will be described with respect to FIG. 5, in order to shorten the search time of rules in accordance with the present invention.
After the index is set to point to the first rule that might apply, a subroutine TRULE 2 is called at step 38 which determines whether or not the rule matches the input byte in accordance with the present invention. TRULE 2 checks the rule designated by the pointer to determine if it matches the input byte string at the particular place being looked at in the program. If the rule does not match, the next rule is found and compared (if there is one). If the rule matches the particular bytes, the subroutine moves the output part of the rule into the output memory buffer and increments the marker of the current end of the output memory buffer. If the rule is determined to apply, then the pointer is incremented to the input memory buffer to just beyond the bytes that have been transformed. The input bytes are thus only transformed once by a particular rule set. This subroutine TRULE 2 also returns a parameter to indicate whether or not the rule comparison was successful. Details of the TRULE 2 subroutine will be subsequently described in greater detail in FIG. 3.
The parameter indicating whether the matching of the rule was successful or not is checked at step 40. If the answer is yes, the program loops back to the major return point of the outside loop to step 26. If the rule was not applied, the pointer is incremented at step 42 from the prior rule to the point of the beginning of the next rule. At step 44, a check is made to determine whether or not all rules in the set that applies to the input byte have been tested. If the answer is no, the program loops back to the step 38 for iteration. The program thus conducts a linear search of the list of rules beginning at the initial point in the list of rules.
The system provides two possible ways to end the linear search of the rules. If the determination at step 44 is that the end of the rules for that input byte has been reached, a decision is made at 46 as to which of two possible rule failure actions will be utilized. The user of the system has the option of choosing either a "PASS" or "DROP" operation.
If the "PASS" operation is chosen, the input byte being pointed to by ISI is written into the output buffer without change at step 48. Thus, the byte being reviewed is not transformed but is passed unchanged into the storage string.
If the determination is made to "DROP" the unapplied byte, the "DROP" path is followed and the input byte being pointed to by ISI is not written into the output buffer, but is dropped. At step 50, the pointer is incremented by one with regard to the bytes in the input memory buffer. The main loop in the subroutine is then followed to iterate the routine.
FIG. 3 illustrates the TRULE 2 subroutine which performs the matching of an input byte of symbolic data to the rule being compared to the input byte string and environment. As noted, each of the stored rules in the memory includes four parts, namely, the left environment, the input, the right environment and the output. As will be subsequently described, the left and right environments are strings of symbols which may be either literal symbols in the input alphabet or symbols that stand for special user-defined symbols. At step 52, the source code of the rule is checked to determine if it matches the input byte string at the location being considered. If the answer is yes, the right environment is checked at step 54. A determination is made at 54 as to whether or not the right environment of the stored rule matches the right environment of the input byte string. If the answer is yes, a determination is made at step 56 as to whether the left environment of the stored rule matches the left environment of the input byte string.
At each of the steps 52, 54, and 56, the stored rule is decoded or unpacked from the data structure. If the stored rule does not match the input string at any of steps 52, 54 or 56, the rule does not apply and a Boolean flag is set in the algorithm and is returned to a calling program to indicate that the rule does not apply.
If the input, left environment and right environment of the rule matches the input byte string, the output of the rule is written at step 58 into the output memory buffer which contains the previously transformed string. The pointer to the selected input byte is then incremented in the input string by the length of source portion of the rule. The indication that the rule applies is output to the return portion 62 for return to the program previously described in FIG. 2. Similarly, if the rule does not apply, a false flag is set at 60 and the subroutine goes to the return portion 62.
As previously indicated, the method set forth in FIGS. 2 and 3 may be implemented in FORTRAN or other suitable languages and run on any one of a number of digital processors. FORTRAN program listings for implementation of the procedures of FIGS. 2 and 3 are set forth on the attached Appendix A. In Appendix A, COMUDS is the coding that defines the data structure used to store the user defined signals. The COMUDS is a listing of the common data area that is the data structure that stores the rules and the indexes to the rules.
The S TRANS 2 subroutine corresponds to the flow chart shown on FIG. 2. The TRULE 2 corresponds to the flow chart shown on FIG. 3. The subroutine termed RUN PACK C unpacks the rule from the data structure into an easier to use representation.
The subroutine C MATCH 2 is used to test whether the rule applies to the input byte string by matching the right environment against the input byte string's right environment. The subroutine CL MATCH 2 is used to match the left environment of the rule against the left environment of the input byte string. The subroutine B MATCH 2 attempts to match single individual symbolic elements. The subroutine BL MATCH 2 is utilized by the CL MATCH 2 subroutine. The subroutine A MATCH 2 is utilized by B MATCH 2. The subroutine AL MATCH 2 is utilized by BL MATCH 2.
An important aspect of the invention is the provision of user-defined symbols in the rules. In the invention, the byte values in the input and output portions of a rule are interpreted literally. That is, in order for the rule to match, the byte values of the rule input must be the same as the corresponding byte values in the input memory buffer. If the rule matches, the literal byte values in the output part of the rule are stored into the output memory buffer as a transformed byte. The contents of the left and right environment, however, are interpreted more generally. If the value of a byte in one of the environmental parts of the rule is below a certain arbitrary value held in an auxiliary register, then that byte must be matched exactly and literally just as the bytes must be in the input and output rule parts. If the byte, however, does not meet this criteria, then it may be a "special symbol" which is interpreted as a pointer to a part of a separate data structure whose contents define a set of byte values, any one of which may match corresponding bytes of the input memory buffer.
Two types of "special symbol" bytes may be defined in the data structure by the user. The first type of symbol (Type 1) is a pointer to a simple list of possible alternate byte values, the matching of any one of which counts as a match of the special symbol byte. Each of the entries in such a list consists of a string of one or more consecutive byte values, all of which must be matched exactly for the entry to match. The second type of symbol (Type 2) is a "N-OR-MORE" symbol having a defining data structure wherein is found a value of a parameter N and a pointer to a special symbol of the first type. The Type 2 symbol will match N or more consecutive occurrences of the indicated Type 1 special symbol. In order to simplify the process using this data structure, the Type 1 special symbol in terms of which the Type 2 special symbol is defined, may be limited to a list of alternatives, each of which is a single byte value. N may have a value of 0 or more.
The user-defined symbol aspect of the present invention has several advantages. The user has another degree of freedom to be used in making up optimum rules by defining patterns perhaps not foreseen by the original programmer. By making up the user's own, more meaningful, names for the symbols, the user can make his rules more understandable and, at the same time, avoid the problems arising when the symbol itself occurs in the text. Further, the program coding is more general and, therefore, more compact.
The definitions of the user-defined symbols are contained in a section of the file of rules, normally before the actual stored source set of rules. Each user-defined symbol is defined by an equation. The left half of the equation is the representation of the user-defined symbol that will be used in the rules to follow and the right half specifies what character strings the user-defined symbol is supposed to match.
As described in greater detail in the previously described co-pending patent application Ser. No. 687,101 , Type 1 symbols are defined as lists of alternate literals, which are enclosed in single quotes and separated by slashes. For example, the symbol for high front vowels as a class is defined by the formula:
Type 2 user-defined symbols are those whose definition implies a potentially infinite set of alternatives, such as N-OR-MORE. The interpretation of N-OR-MORE is straightforward: N-OR-MORE X stands for N-OR-MORE concatenate appearances of the pattern X. The pattern X may be restricted, if desired, to a user-defined symbol of Type 1 whose alternates are single characters. That is, X specifies a subset of letters or other input characters. An example of a definition of "1 or more consonants" is:
where "{C}" has previously been defined to be a consonant letter or a Type 1 user-defined symbol.
An example of a definition of a symbol standing for "one or more high front vowels" is:
The stored rules normally include a header which defines the particular input such as ASCII code and the output code set which may comprise, for example, integer codes for phonemes. Also, the header may define what the user desires to happen if the rules do not apply, such as the drop or pass option previously described. The user-defined special symbols are then stored, followed by the body of the rule set in a text file (see Appendix A).
Another aspect of the invention is that two or more sets of rules may be stacked and sequentially applied. The first set of rules may be applied during a first pass, followed by a second set of rules which are applied to the output of the first pass in a second pass and so on. For example, a second pass of rules may be used to correct a multiple syllable boundary formed by the application of different rules.
It will thus be seen that the special user symbol enables very easy input and utilization of a wide variety of ver generalized rules.
FIG. 4 illustrates the two linked tables used to store data specifying user-defined symbols. The first table 70 contains one row of information for each user-defined symbol and the second table 72 holds the alternate literals used in user-defined symbol Type 1 definitions. FIG. 4 illustrates a typical user-defined symbol data structure holding the definitions of three user-defined symbols as follows:
The table 72 contains all of the alternate literals used in the definition of Type 1 symbols. NALT is the number of entries (in this case 27) in the alternate table. ALT(J) is a character string containing the alternate literal. LALT(J) is the number of characters in alternate J.
Table 70 has one entry of each user-defined symbol. The characters to be used to represent the user-defined number 1 are stored as a character string in USYM(I), of length LUSYM(I). UDSTYPE(I) records the type, either one or two, of the user-defined symbol. When the user-defined number 1 is of Type 1, as in the present example, then NUSYMALT(I) is the number of alternate literals defining the symbol. IUSYMI(I) is a pointer to the first alternate; that is, the first alternate for the user-defined 1 is ALT(IUSYMI)(I). If the user-defined symbol is of Type 2, then NCHRALT1(I) contains a number of repeated patterns in the first or smallest alternate for the user-defined symbol. This is the integer N in the "N-OR-MORE" function noted above. For such Type 2 symbols, UDSNBR(I) is a pointer to the user-defined symbol of Type 1 which specifies the repeated pattern and which was used as the argument "X" in the definition using "N-OR-MORE (X)".
Since NUSYMALT(I) and NCHRALT1(I) are of the same data type and are in complementary distribution, the same area in core memory may be used to store them and the same may apply for IUSYM1(I) and UDSNBR(I).
Referring to the example set forth in FIG. 4, the data structure represents three user-defined symbols. The first, one consonant, is represented by the four characters "{C1}", is of Type 1, has 17 alternatives, and its first alternate is entry #1 in the alternate table (a `B`). The second user-defined symbol, a digit, is represented by the six characters "$DIGIT", is of Type 1, has 10 alternates, and its first alternate is entry number 18 in the alternate table (a `B`). The third symbol, one or more consonants, is spelled by the six chracters "{C1-N}", and is of Type 2 or a "one-or-more" type. The smallest number of concatenated patterns it will match is one, and the concatenated patterns themselves are defined as user-defined symbol number 1.
The present syllabification method automatically provides for the syllable boundary immediately preceding a stressed vowel to be placed as far to the left as possible without violating the structure of a good word-initial consonant cluster. Also, the syllable boundary following the stressed vowel is placed as far to the right as possible without violating the structure of a good syllable-final consonant cluster. Allophone varieties to the right of a syllable boundary preceding a stressed vowel are therefore stressed, syllable-initial varieties, while those following the stressed vowel and preceding a syllable boundary are unstressed, syllable- or word- final varieties. Word-internal consonant clusters are therefore key elements in determining where syllable-boundaries fall.
The special user-defined symbols or variables for stating the present rules are shown in Table I:
Comment lines begin with "C" and continuation lines begin with "+". The ARPABET symbols are used in Table I for the segmental phonemes, as defined by "Speech Understanding Systems," by Williams A. Woods et al, BBN Report No. 3438, Bolt Beranck and Newman dnc., Cambridge, December 1976, Vol. 2, P. 72. A period (".") is used to mark the boundary between syllables, a plus ("+"), for a morpheme boundary, and the ARPABET "silence" symbol ("-") for a word boundary. Marks used for stress are shown in the definition of the general symbol (MSTR) for "marked stress". In the phonemic transcriptions, they are located immediately before the vowel. Unstressed vowels need not be so marked, which accounts for the definition of "unstressed" ("{-STR}") as being an optional mark of zero stress. Optionality is expressed by using the "0-OR-MORE" function, which requires a variable of the first type--a list of alternates--as an argument. The mark of zero stress ("$'0") is defined as a Type 1 variable in order to use optionality in the definition of {-STR}. The definition of the symbol for "optional stress mark", "(')", similarly uses "0-OR-MORE" with an argument of "{MSTR}" ("marked stress").
Table II is an example of how the generalizations are expressed by the present set of rules, which shows the syllabification rules for intervocalic consonant clusters beginning with /P/.
Generalization number 2 and 5 are expressed in the first two rules shown, which demarcate syllable-final clusters. The rules picking off syllable-final clusters must precede the rules picking off syllable-initial clusters, since the rules are applied from left to right. Since the source part of the rule must consist of literal segments, a rule is required for each final. When a rule applies, the cursor will move beyond the segments matching the source part of the rule; i.e., each rule, when it applies, will transfer the phonemes it matches (not counting the left and right environments). Thus, the syllable-final marking rules must be ordered, putting the rules with longer sources first, in order for them to put the syllable boundary as far to the right as possible. This also means that all of the final consonant cluster must be in the source part of the rule and none in the right environment; when the rule is applied the cursor moves up to but not past the stretch matching the right environment and that stretch would then be available for the syllable-initial consonant cluster rules to find.
The other 5 rules express generalizations 1 and 4 in marking off syllable-initial clusters. These rules can be in any order and give the same results.
Note that none of the rules shown allows for a morpheme or word boundary. Two other rules, not shown, simply put a syllable boundary in place of a morpheme boundary or word boundary. The consonant cluster rules are written so as not to apply when such a boundary is present; otherwise, a consonant may be stranded in a syllable by itself, the boundary before it being forced by a morpheme boundary and the boundary following it being produced by the usual rules. As an example, consider the word "agreement". The morpheme boundary before "ment" should be marked in the input, because the set of rules will give the syllabification /AX . G R '1 IY M . AX N T/ without the morpheme boundary marking, and will give the more correct /AX . G R '1 IY . M AX N T/ with it. The rule marking off the last syllable in the example without a morpheme boundary is a regular "maximal final cluster" rule for the final "cluster" /M/:
[M]→[M .]/ [{+STR}{V1--N}]- [{CO--N}{--STR}{V}], which reads: "The phoneme `M` becomes `M`-syllable-boundary in the environment of one (or more) stressed vowel preceding it and 0-or-more consonants and an unstressed vowel following it."
A complete set of rules for syllabification is shown in the attached Appendix B.
Table III shows some of the syllabifications resulting from the rule set of Appendix B. Note that the syllable boundaries introduced provide correct environments for the action of some rules and/or processes known to be sensitive to syllable structure: such as nasal assimilation and flapping vs. aspiration of /T/.
TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________input:output:##STR1##input:output:##STR2##input:output:##STR3##input:output:##STR4##input:output:##STR5##input:output:##STR6##__________________________________________________________________________
To provide synthetic speech with the system of FIG. 1, after syllabification, phoneme symbols are replaced with symbols that represent particular synthetic-speech allophones which are appropriate to the environment determined by the stress and syllabification.
The use of these principles in constructing allophone strings helps the intelligibility of the synthetic speech considerably. The wrong allophonic variant of a single phoneme in a synthetic word whose other allophones have been correctly chosen can reduce the understandability of the whole word. The word "shopping" synthesized with an aspirated /P/ allophone was recognized only 30% of the time in a test of allophone word intelligibility. In another test, the same word made with a very weakly aspirated version of the /P/ was recognized more than 80% of the time.
The sounds which precede the stressed vowel in a word or phrase are the phonetically strong versions of the sound or sound cluster, just as a stressed vowel is a phonetically strong vowel. For instance, in the word "veto", a speaker may be uncomfortable about using a flap /T/, whereas in "potato" or "butter" the flap is perfectly natural. If the word "internal" is synthesized with a weak /T/, it sounds very unnaural, while using an initial /T/ allophone makes it sound much more natural.
Vowels which are followed by liquids such as the phonemes /L/ and /R/ are also examples of the way stress (and syllable boundary placement) affect the phonetic realization of the phonemic input. The word "eLECTRric" (where the stress falls on the "lect" syllable) phonetically separates the "e" and the "1", so that the /L/ used is phonetically clear. In the word "elementary", the secondary stress on the first syllable unites the "1" to the "e", which makes it dark or velarized and strongly colors the quality of the /EH/ as well. The words "felony" versus "felonious" and "parameter" versus "parametric" also illustrate this effect.
Although the preferred embodiment has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. ##SPC1##
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US7844457 | Feb 20, 2007 | Nov 30, 2010 | Microsoft Corporation | Unsupervised labeling of sentence level accent |
US7912724 * | Jan 18, 2007 | Mar 22, 2011 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Audio comparison using phoneme matching |
US8069044 | Mar 16, 2007 | Nov 29, 2011 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Content matching using phoneme comparison and scoring |
US8244539 | Feb 28, 2011 | Aug 14, 2012 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | Audio comparison using phoneme matching |
US8996994 | Jan 16, 2008 | Mar 31, 2015 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Multi-lingual word hyphenation using inductive machine learning on training data |
US20050060151 * | Feb 23, 2004 | Mar 17, 2005 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Automatic speech segmentation and verification method and system |
US20080201145 * | Feb 20, 2007 | Aug 21, 2008 | Microsoft Corporation | Unsupervised labeling of sentence level accent |
US20090182550 * | Jan 16, 2008 | Jul 16, 2009 | Microsoft Corporation | Multi-lingual word hyphenation using inductive machine learning on training data |
US20110153329 * | Feb 28, 2011 | Jun 23, 2011 | Moorer James A | Audio Comparison Using Phoneme Matching |
WO2012173516A1 * | Apr 26, 2012 | Dec 20, 2012 | Aleksandr Yurevich Bredikhin | Method and computer device for the automated processing of text |
U.S. Classification | 704/266, 704/260, 704/E13.011, 704/267 |
International Classification | G06F17/26, G10L13/08 |
Cooperative Classification | G06F17/26, G10L13/08 |
European Classification | G06F17/26, G10L13/08 |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Dec 27, 1984 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED 13500 NORTH CENTRAL Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:FISHER, WILLIAM M.;MARSHALL, KATHLEEN M.;REEL/FRAME:004354/0244 Effective date: 19841220 |
Dec 13, 1991 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 4 |
Apr 1, 1996 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 8 |
Apr 28, 2000 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 12 |


text:
Tuesday, July 3, 2012
Blast from 4th of July Past...
I made these last year for 4th of July and wanted to re-post b/c they are SO easy to make and SO yummy to eat!
So easy, all you need is a bag of marshmallows, and some candy melts.
I have some chocolate and sprinkles I may use this year, but you get the idea from the pictures.
I did cover the craft block with cute red & white polka dot wrapping paper,
but forgot to take a pic of it before we left. Oops!
I set out all my marshmallows on some wax paper counted them out.
Then I broke out my candy melts.
I started with the white candy melts first, b/c I knew I had to dye them blue
(my grocery was out of blue candy melts BOO!)
Added some blue food coloring
Mixed it up, and started dipping.
I placed these blue UP until they dried, then stuck in the sticks.
SOMEONE snuck in and stole one or maybe two!
I added the sticks when the blue was almost dry and then went to work on the red.
Melt- and it just so happens that my microwave melts 1 bag of candy melts in exactly 1 minute!
Repeat on all of the marshmallows and then
Hope you all have a GREAT 4th of July with your family & friends!
I'm linking up to
8 comments:
This is my kind of treat - super easy and festive!! Thanks for partying with us!! XO Courtney BaxtronLife
ReplyDeleteWay cute and I still have time to whip em up :) Thanks for sharing!
Found you thru the Blog Hop! Looking forward to following your adventures!
Kristine from TheFoleyFam - UneditedHey lady!! I just found you via the hop and I'm your newest follower!! Also I'd love to invite you to check out a huge Shabby Apple Giveaway I'm having right now!
hope to see you there, and thanks so much!!
Xo, Emily
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Apollo Ecigs Review
Summary: Apollo ecigs offer a safe way to quit smoking. People can buy automatic or manual configured e cigs. It not only helps to save few hundred dollars annually on smoking, but, it is also free from dangerous chemicals.
Health conscious cigarette smokers are searching online for safe way to quit smoking. E cigs are free from dangerous chemicals including tar and other carcinogens. People can enjoy harmless smoking with e cigs. It also helps to save few hundred dollars every year. It also helps to safeguard the environment, as you will not be throwing out cigarette buds. Some of the e cigs available online offers more puffs for the price you pay and enjoy nice flavors without harming your health. Apollo ecigs is one of the best electronic cigarettes offered online. It offers full satisfaction of smoking with nice flavors including menthol.
Your clothes and cars will be free from cigarette smell once you start using these e cigs. You can enjoy fresh and enjoyable smoking every time you smoke. Apollo ecigs are offered in attractive and enjoyable flavors including vanilla, menthol, banana cream, clove, blueberry, rocky road, peach and mango. You just need to change the cartridge for enjoying different flavors. Yet, it saves lot of money when compared with traditional tobacco based cigarettes.
Apollo Ecigs available in two sizes
Ejuice is offered in large (30 ml) and small (10ml) packs. People can initially order small ejuice packs to try the Apollo ecigs. People, who taste the Apollo e cigs, will definitely love ecigs. People, who want larger puffs, can buy larger packs.
Affordable Price
Standard kits of e cigs are available at US$24.95. You will get a free portable battery case with every standard Apollo e cigs kit. The portable battery case allows customers to recharge the battery while on the move and enjoy uninterrupted smoking. The battery case is offered in two colors namely black and white.
Office goers can use USB ports of the Computers to charge their ecigs. It is an innovative solution, as many companies do not allow chargers for cigarette smoking. USB charging is convenient and offers value for your money to smoke e cigs and enjoy few puffs even during busy hours without hurting others health.
Starter Kits
The price of starter kits ranges from US$55 to US$80. You can buy a pack of five cartridges for just US$20. Apollo electronic cigarettes are of high quality and worth the price. Its features include lightweight, classy look and long durable. You will get 2 Li ion batteries, USB charging cable, wall charger along with starter kit. The battery lasts for 300 puffs at a stretch with single charge. It is good option for people, who intend to enjoy harmless and joyful smoke.
Extreme starter kits come with car charger, which allows customers to recharge their ecigs while on the move, between dates, jobs and appointments.
Apollo vTube Kits
Apollo vTube produces lot of vapor for e cigs lovers. Its features include Voltage setting on LCD display, sleek and chrome body, manual battery operation for controlling length of the drag, accidental activation is prevented through lock button.
Money Back Guarantee
The Apollo Electronic cigarettes are offered 12 months warranty from the date of arrival at customer's premises. The warranty covers damages during transport and any defects (charger problems, workmanship or any materials) that occur while in use. It is a great option for customers, as they need not spend money for maintenance. Cartomizers and Atomizers come with short time warranty (just two weeks after arrival at customer's premises). Warranty is offered under standard usage conditions only. The devices that are damaged willfully will not be covered under warranty clause. People need to send the product back to the factory for repair or refund of the amount. You can reach the company via phone, email or online chat. It takes two weeks to process the refund.
Customer Service
Apollo ecigs come with excellent customer service. The customer care executives offer any sort of help in shortest possible time to resolve your issue. The customer care can be reached through unique numbers or by phone. It offers online chat service between 8AM and 11 PM.
Maximize Savings
Customers can make use of discount coupon codes to enhance their savings while making e cigs purchases online. People can avail 17% discount on starter kits through the use of discount coupon ECIGOFF17.
Working of Apollo Ecigs
Working of ecigs is very easy. The cartomizer is fitted onto the battery. The ecigs with automatic battery switch ON automatically when you inhale. The manual version comes with a pushbutton. You need to press the push button to produce water vapor. You need to recharge the battery if the LED on the tip flashes. You need to replace the cartomizer if the taste of delicious flavor recedes.
Apollo E-Cigs helps to quit smoking
People, who intend to quit smoking, are advised to try Apollo e-cigs to satisfy cravings for tobacco cigarette smoking. It may take few weeks to get adjusted to e cigs. You will slowly stop smoking e cigs. It is one of the best ways to stop smoking completely. E juices are offered in five strengths to help people to gradually quit smoking.
Ultra-light e cigs are offered with nicotine level of just 8 mg. Regular e cigs are offered with nicotine level of 12 mg. Unfiltered e cigs are offered with higher nicotine level of 24 mg. Ultra-light cigarettes are offered with 0 mg of nicotine. It is suitable for people, who intend to enjoy smoking without nicotine levels.
Why People Should Consider Apollo E cigs?
It is free from bad smell. It does not produce any second hand smoke. It will also not produce 4000+ chemicals, which are usually found in the smoke of traditional tobacco cigarettes. You can smoke Apollo e-cigs at any place including pubs, bars, restaurants and home.
Apollo e cigs offer lot of harmless vapor to hit your throat and offer smoking satisfaction.
Apollo LI ion batteries will last 30% more when compared to other brands batteries. Apollo e-cigs are offered with free shipping. People can try Apollo ecigs and enjoy safe smoking.
Comments are closed.
Top 5 E-Cigarettes:
- V2 Cigs Review
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- Apollo Ecigs Review
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- Women and Smoking – Why switching to E-cigarettes is a good idea
- Year 2012 – The E-Cig Year of Challenges, Confrontations and Goodness


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Genre/Vorm: | Drama Feature films Video recordings for the hearing impaired Teen drama Teatro |
Genre: | Video-opname |
Soort document: | Visueel materiaal |
Alle auteurs / medewerkers: |
Jeff Levy-Hinte; Michael London; Catherine Hardwicke; Nikki Reed; Holly Hunter; Evan Rachel Wood; Jeremy Sisto; Brady Corbet; Deborah Kara Unger; Kip Pardue; Sarah Clarke; D W Moffett; Elliot Davis; Nancy Richardson, (Motion picture editor); Mark Mothersbaugh; Cindy Evans; Carol Strober; Fox Searchlight Pictures.; Michael London Productions (Firm); Working Title Films.; Antidote Films (Firm); Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc. |
OCLC-nummer: | 53816224 |
Taalopmerking: | English, dubbed French or dubbed Spanish dialogue, Spanish subtitles; closed-captioned. |
Opmerkingen: | Originally released as a motion picture in 2003. Special features: Side 1: full length feature (widescreen); one commentary track featuring: director/co-writer commentary by Catherine Hardwicke, co-writer/actress commentary by Nikki Reed; actor commentary by Evan Rachel Wood and Brady Corbet; deleted scenes with optional commentary -- Side 2: full length feature (Pan & Scan), one commentary track featuring: director/co-writer commentary by Catherine Hardwicke, co-writer/actress commentary by Nikki Reed; actor commentary by Evan Rachel Wood and Brady Corbet; making of featurette; theatrical trailer; 2 easter eggs. |
Credits: | Director of photography, Elliot Davis ; editor, Nancy Richardson ; music, Mark Mothersbaugh ; costume designer, Cindy Evans ; production designer, Carol Strober. |
Rolbezetting: | Holly Hunter, Evan Rachel Wood, Nikki Reed, Jeremy Sisto, Brady Corbet, Deborah Kara Unger, Kip Pardue, Sarah Clarke, D.W. Moffett. |
Onderscheidingen: | Sundance Film Festival, 2003: Director's Award Dramatic (Catherine Hardwicke). |
Doelgroep: | MPAA rating: R; for drug use, self-destructive violence, language, and sexuality, all including teens. |
Beschrijving: | 1 videodisc (100 min.) : sound, color ; 4 3/4 in. |
Details: | DVD, Region 1, widescreen and full screen presentations; Dolby Digital. |
Andere titels: | Thirteen (Motion picture) |
Verantwoordelijkheid: | Fox Searchlight Pictures presents in association with Michael London Productions and Working Title Films an Antidote Films production ; produced by Jeffrey Levy-Hinte, Michael London ; written by Catherine Hardwicke & Nikki Reed ; directed by Catherine Hardwicke. |
Los Angeles teenager and overachiever Tracy is an excellent student in her seventh grade class and gets along well with her mother, Melanie. She fears that she's not cool enough to be friends with Evie, the most popular girl in school. Fueled with genuine adolescent energy, Tracy follows Evie's lead into the harsh realities of sex, drugs, and hard-edged adventure. Consumed with temptations and conflicting desires, Tracy loses her good-girl identity, greatly affecting her relationship with her mom.
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1996 Centurion ELITE V Options include: Tandem Axle Trailer w/ Brakes, Prop Cage, Guide Poles, and Spare Tire. MerCruiser 350 MAG, Pull Up Cleats, New Interior, Wake Tower, Bimini Top, Custom Snap Cover, and Much More. Demos are welcome. Jasper Motor recently installed. Just finished break in. - MultiSport Performer
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Theme from Elixir
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text:
Mid Quarter Reports available online for grades 3-8. Hard copies for grades KG-2.
St. Ann Catholic School is a diverse Christian community devoted to providing a comprehensive curriculum and a learning environment that encourages students to reach their full potential. St. Ann School promotes the mission of the Catholic Church in a loving family atmosphere.


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Opportunity Details
Beyond 21 is looking for a 1:1 Befriending Volunteer interested in hanging out and having fun with a young woman with a developmental disability. If you have a great sense of humour and enjoy chatting over a bite to eat in the Long Sault area this is the volunteer position for you!
We are looking for mature volunteers who are friendly, reliable and at least 18 years of age.
Click the APPLY button and send us a message to learn more about the position and our volunteer screening process!
Contact Person
Dana – People Connector (Coordinator of Volunteer Services)
(613) 933 5505 Ext: 4105 | firstname.lastname@example.com | www.beyond21.org
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Aaron Accetta
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From small gigs at local bars to industry showcases at Mercury Lounge, Aaron grew up playing guitar and writing in JBender, his pop/rock band with longtime friend and fellow writer Dan Woods.
Aaron Accetta Reviews
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Bowery Boston » Halsey, Young Rising Sons – Tickets – The Middle East Downstairs – Cambridge, MA – April 3rd, 2015
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Contact The Event
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From small gigs at local bars to industry showcases at Mercury Lounge, Aaron lived and breathed music and followed wherever
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text:
I'm as ready for this latest snowy End Times as I'll ever be, if a whole lot more prepared for End Times with refrigeration. Assuming the power doesn't go out, we're set for some time. I've gotten into the rhythm of an impending storm. Groceries, yes, but this time I'm psychologically prepared for this latest round of not leaving the apartment (with the exception of walking the dog). Having seen firsthand that it's just as cold and miserable in Brooklyn, I'm somehow less bitter about my own New Jersey hermit situation.
I have made peace with the situation, and am currently braising an enormous short rib, one that I brought home on NJ Transit earlier this week, as one does. It seemed the right thing for the weather. Every recipe for this seems to call for a Dutch oven, which I neither have nor have the space for, so this is full-on stovetop improvisation. It's stew, basically, but without flour. I first browned the rib in butter, which seemed very professional. I don't have tomato paste, celery, or - potentially more problematic - any broth of any kind, homemade or otherwise. I am, as the Slate cooking series would say, Doing It Wrong. But my impression is that slow-cooking beef in beer or wine, with whichever likely-candidate vegetables are at hand (in this case, carrots, an onion, garlic, and some fridge-dried thyme), can't lead to disappointment. One can always add more salt. How bad can it be?
I think we have, here, the title for the future WWPD cookbook: How Bad Can It Be?
Thursday, February 13, 2014
The longest winter
Posted by Phoebe Maltz Bovy at Thursday, February 13, 2014
Labels: leaving the house
2 comments:
- Britta said...
Do you have bouillon cubes? They are really cheap, last forever, and make instant broth. They're maybe not as tasty as fresh broth you buy, but they work almost equally as well in anything needing broth.
- Friday, February 14, 2014 9:24:00 AM
- Phoebe said...
Good thinking! I don't have them - not for any principled reason (if I had broth, it would almost certainly be of the long-lasting boxed variety), but because I'd forgotten it existed. On the wild off-chance the roads here will ever be car-compatible again, I should pick some up.
- Friday, February 14, 2014 11:12:00 AM
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Exylum is a brand new content packed server. Our developers are woring hard everyday to bring new content on a weekly basis. We offer a wide variety of features from minigames to bossing throughout the Exylum world. Join today to player something new.
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Open office desk series adjustable O-leg desk base. - View Complete Details
Product Number: ALELSTB24GR
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Alera Alera Open Office Desk Series Adjustable O-Leg Desk Base, 24" Deep, Silver - Contemporary open plan O-leg design accommodates almost any size tabletops. Coordinates with Alera® Reversible Laminate Tabletops. Durable steel frame adjusts to fit standard 48" to 72" wide work surfaces. Includes two full length O-leg supports and one short O-leg support. Use short O-leg support to create worksurface on top of low credenza units. Add low profile storage solutions to create layered "L" or "U" shaped configurations. Leveling glides help compensate for uneven floors.
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text: Stories Rachel Maddow Court slams Wisconsin GOP gerrymandering Rachel Maddow Obama to fight back on redistricting for Dems Dems release 'autopsy' after 2014 shellacking Why Tuesday's elections should worry liberals Democrats hope to redraw maps in 2020 Split decision Poll: Gerrymandering SCOTUS upholds Arizona's redistricting system 4 Supreme Court cases to look out for today Rachel Maddow Why the fate of Virginia's congressional map Supreme Court sends voting case back Rachel Maddow Democratic plan targets GOP gerrymandering An end to gerrymandering? Melissa Harris-Perry Did race play role in Alabama redistricting? NOW Redistricting rocks racially-diverse counties Rachel Maddow Federal court rejects racial... Judge rules GOP gerrymander was illegal Ronan Farrow Daily Does gerrymandering help or hurt democracy? Ronan Farrow Daily Which Underreported Story Should We Cover? Ronan Farrow Daily Poll: Underreported Stories Rachel Maddow GOP's election-rigging scheme not yet dead Rachel Maddow Michigan GOP: Heck, yeah, vote rigging Rachel Maddow How many angels can dance on the head of... Rachel Maddow And then there were none? Pages1 2 > See all stories Search


text:
Phil Pfuehler
Primary tabs
Phil Pfuehler has been editor of the River Falls Journal since 1991.
Contact Email
- Member for
- 4 years 2 weeks
Author Content
A 17-year-old boy was arrested for battery last week at a home on Eighth Street for allegedly swearing at his mother, then pushing her so that she fell on her infant son who sat on a bouncy chair on the floor. When the stepfather tried to restrain the teenager, the two toppled over the family Christmas tree. The mother was allegedly pushed and fell a second time. She complained of back pain but the infant wasn't harmed. River Falls police this past week also: Arrested a 14-year-old city of River Falls boy for disorderly conduct and property damage at the Wildcat Court apartments.
Her mother expects Paige Paulson to land at the Minneapolis airport at 1 p.m. Friday after leaving Haiti in the middle of the night. "I'm very excited," said Jackie Paulson, who took a call at 4:30 a.m. from Paige, saying she had landed in New Jersey, taken a bus to Philadelpia and was set to fly home after that. "At that hour, we were both a little giddy on the phone." Jackie said Paige described it as "crazy and quite an adventure getting out of the American embassy." The church group she was with traveled at night by armored vehicle to the airport.
Pat O'Malley, owner of Kilkarney Hills Golf Club in River Falls, arrived in Haiti Tuesday just an hour before the massive earthquake struck. O'Malley has done humanitarian work in Haiti for years and makes frequent trips to that island nation. His family had no word on his well-being until mid-afternoon Wednesday when they got a brief e-mail from him saying, "I am OK." Daughter Sherry O'Malley said even getting those three words was a relief. "All we know is that he's alive," she said from the O'Malley home in rural River Falls.
A 22-year-old college student flagged for a traffic violation allegedly made a run for it. He may have panicked and forgotten he wasn't dressed for a subzero break away. He was with a female companion who also took her chances on foot. The male student was slow to respond to an officer's attempts to pull him over on Main Street. He finally turned into a driveway at 702 S.
It was almost 3 a.m. New Year's Day. An 82-year-old woman woke to noises and lights turned on in her house in the 1300 block of South Main Street. She called out but there was no answer. So she got out of bed and found a young man standing in her bathroom. Why are you here?
John Swenson was a town of Kinnickinnic farmer for decades, but many people will recall that his named appeared often on the Journal's editorial pages. Swenson, who died last week at age 83, was a prolific letter writer as well as a self-published author. His four books were "My Navy Experience: 1943-1946;" "Just Looking out the Back Door;" "Stuff;" and "The Crew." Copies of each can be checked out at the River Falls Public Library. Mary Murphy served briefly with Swenson when they were elected to the Kinnickinnic Town Board. "John was a good teacher and mentor," she said.


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Latest By
"...if you want to know what your future looks like, don't waste your time on Analog; read Time magazine. We are already saturated in the future. " |
This is a very early reference to this idea; as far as I know, this is the first.
For similar ideas, see the Visiplate from Skylark Three (1930), the Vision Plate from First Contact (1945) and the Reading Plate from The Star Beast (1954). Comment/Join this discussion ( 0 ) | RSS/XML | Blog This | Additional
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PassivDom 3D Printed House - What If You Could Live Anywhere?
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Caihong Solar-Powered Drone 'Atmospheric Satellite'
'... placed in the wings of a plane to generate power from the light falling on that surface.'
Is Genetic Testing At Businesses A Bad Idea?
It's not a topic that fares well in science fiction movies-
Wearable Smart Jacket
He pressed the button in his sleeve communicator and snapped: 'Action stations!'
Fluorescent Bacteria Fashion
'The racks of gowns itched and quivered, their colors running into blurred pools.'
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Why Is There No New Milton Friedman Today?
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The presence of iconic superstars declines in many fields of endeavor, and economics is no exception to those principles. As for political orientation, those raised up to relative prominence today fit the spirit of the times.


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Sargento recalls products due to possible listeria contamination
The products are believed to have been packaged between Monday and Thursday of last week, as the issue was first discovered on Friday when Taylor Farms received a notice from [cheese company] Sargento Foods, Inc, who supplies Taylor Farms with Bevel Shred Pepperjack cheese products.
Listeriosis is a serious infection that's usually caused by eating contaminated food and can be particularly unsafe for pregnant women and older people. According to the CDC, about 260 people die of listeriosis every year.
Get more information about the specific Sargento and Taylor Farms products being recalled here.
In response to the possible contamination, Sargento has announced which types of cheese are affected by the recall, with their UPCs and Sell By dates included.
The supplier of Sargento's specialty longhorn Colby says the product could be contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. The company said it was recalling five additional products packaged at that same facility "out of an abundance of caution".
Trump attacks on judges 'demoralising': Supreme Court nominee Gorsuch
Mr Trump also promised to work on combating drug abuse and said there should be resources to deal with a "mental health crisis". But she appeared to say that he referred to any criticism of judges' ethics, not Trump's recent comments specifically.
According to a product recall notice posted online by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Meijer Brand Colby Cheese and Colby Jack Cheese were sold in Meijer stores from November 10, 2016 to February 9, 2017. Cheese lovers should throw out: Sliced Colby-Jack Cheese, Sliced Pepper Jack Cheese, Chef Blends Shredded Taco Cheese, Off The Block Shredded Fine Cut Colby-Jack Cheese and Off The Block Shredded Fine Cut Cheddar Jack Cheese.
Fortunately, no such illnesses have been reported as of the time of this publication.
The cheese is in plastic deli packing with UPC's starting with 215927 or 215938 followed by six digits based on weight.
The safety of our consumers and our employees is our top priority at Sargento and at the very heart of all we do.
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He also used several hashtags indicating he wishes the team simply let him retire and that he does not want to play anywhere else. After the NFC Championship Game, Shields said, "It's just like some days tough headaches, some days it's mild". "It varies. -
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According to WVUE Fox 8 , severe weather and tornadoes have inflicted damage to several homes and businesses in New Orleans . Almost 7,800 customers were without power in the New Orleans area by early Wednesday, according to Entergy New Orleans Inc. -
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Federal Court Will Not Reinstate Trump's Immigration Order
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Starts | 2 Sep 2011 (Fri) | Ends | ***UNKNOWN*** |
Location | Dessert First |
Enjoy a special offer of $5 for $10 worth of local and Taiwan style desserts at Dessert First, that's 50% off.
Get this deal at www.groupon.sg before it expires soon.
If the Taiwanese and Singaporean independence movements were a Matrix construct never to be fully realised in reality, it would not have mattered as their dessert formulas would have kept dissidents happily munching away, oblivious to the red pill.
Take the blue pill with Groupon @ www.groupon.sg: for $5, get $10 worth of local and Taiwan style treats at Dessert First.
Nestled in the midst of the revitalised Liang Seah Street, Dessert First offers a hybrid atmosphere of the familiar student hangout with the bright décor reminiscent of tuck-shops. Tiny tables for four or more encourage the sharing of the restaurant's Homemade Beancurd for two ($4.50), Pumpkin with Shredded Yam Paste ($2.50) and Taro Skin Tang Yuan with Chocolate Filling ($3.50).
For those with a power complex, try the delicious tower of Durian Shaved Ice ($5.50). Keep a lookout for the stuttering kitty while imbibing on the Hibiscus and Haws drink ($2). Homemade Grass Jelly ($1.80 to $3) accompanied by an assortment of ingredients such as longan, red dates and pearls is also available at this homely dessert haven.
Get this deal at www.groupon.sg before it expires soon
Get a FREE 28" Luggage + Up to $168 Cash Rebate (with NO Annual Fees ever!) when you apply for a ANZ Switch Card at www.anz.com.sg. T&Cs apply


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Raymarine E120Merk: RaymarineKategori: Fishfinder0,00
High Performance Multifunction Navigation Display with a 12.1" Ultra Bright Sunlight Viewable Color Display. Multifunction Navigation Raymarine"s most powerful multifunction displays. Simply connect the appropriate sensor to transform the E-Series display into a full function chartplotter, digital fishfinder, radar or on board video system. Ultra Bright Sunlight Viewable Color Display. SeaTalk hs Networking Super fast 100 Megabit networking. Connect up to 8 SeaTalk hs devices with simple plug and play interfacing. Video Integration Display remote video sources from CCTV cameras, entertainment systems, and more. Export navigation video to video displays or remote monitors. Use the optional 15" Remote Station Kit to see and control your E-Series from anywhere on board. Instrument Integration Network with SeaTalk, SeaTalk2, SeaTalk HS, NMEA 0183 or NMEA 2000 instruments. Display data from NMEA 2000 compatible engine systems. Chartplotter Information rich Navionics vector cartography combined with satellite differential GPS. Digital Fishfinder Patented digital sonar technology for precise targeting of fish and bottom structure. Radar Raymarine radar technology delivers unmatched performance and ease-of-use. Choose from a wide selection of high performance Radome and Open Array scanners. Warranty 2 Years Product Dimensions 10.4"H x 14.0"W x 5.5"D Screen Size 12.1" Screen Type Color Cartography Navionics Platinum CF and Gold CF Antenna Sold Seperately WAAS Yes Waypoints/Routes 1000/100 Waterproof Rating Waterproof


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Friday, March 21, 2014
My Dress Is Finished!
I'm so excited - I've finally finished sewing my vintage Simplicity 7705! I wore it all day yesterday. Khloe styled it with the scarf and shoes because I didn't have quite enough fabric for the tie belt. Want to see?
I love this dress. I spent some time on fabric.com and found at least a dozen fabrics I want to use for more versions. It fits well and my family all thought it looks good - even with the flashes of cleavage. I know there's a post somewhere in the blogisphere about preventing wrap gapes, but I can't find it and, really, a flash of boob never hurt anyone, right? I'll fix it eventually.
Khloe thinks I should shorten it a bit. What do you think? I can't decide. She also thinks that boots don't go with dresses, silly girl!
This is my first project for the Vintage Pattern Pledge. It's been fun seeing what people are making. There's even another black wrap 7705!
Next week is spring break for the kids so I should have another new dress to share. Yay for no alarm clock! I'm sure the cat will make sure that I don't sleep too late - he likes to be fed pretty early or he thinks he's starving. Poor spoiled baby.
Okay, that's all for today! Have a wonderful weekend!
6 comments:
- The Grande Dame said...
I like the length as it is, it suits you and goes with the shoe style. The scarf detail is great, perfect colour to go with the dress.
- March 21, 2014 at 3:51 PM
- Stacy said...
It looks great Bobbi!!! I love it exactly as it is :)
- March 22, 2014 at 2:20 AM
- pastcaring said...
The dress looks great, very elegant (with or without a flash of boob!) xx
- March 22, 2014 at 11:16 AM
- Helen said...
This looks great! Fab job!
- March 22, 2014 at 4:14 PM
- Helga! said...
That is a wonderfully classic frock!
Ha, I think I last did square dancing at school, when I was about 12! My G's parents used to go regularly, but I wasn't interested...I just like the frocks!
X - March 24, 2014 at 3:38 PM
- Kristin Jones said...
I love it! I think the length is perfect - if you must shorten it, only go an inch or two more, and I completely agree with you about the cleavage ha! Great job, I can't wait to see another version!
- March 25, 2014 at 11:29 AM
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text: 000 FXUS65 KREV 202135 AFDREV Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Reno NV 235 PM PDT Mon Mar 20 2017 .SYNOPSIS... Valley rain and mountain snow showers are expected through Wednesday with gusty winds continuing and periods of travel disruptions. Another spring storm is likely for early next weekend with active weather looking possible through the end of the month. && .SHORT TERM... No significant changes this afternoon as next system will push across the region through Wednesday. Latest radar shows a band of moderate showers working east into the Sacramento Valley this afternoon. Flow was backing a bit to a more southerly direction ahead of incoming system and this will result in a slow eastward progression of these showers into western NV. The Sierra should begin to see rain and high elevation snow this evening with activity spreading into western NV overnight and early Tuesday as upper jet support and front move into the area. Snow levels will be fairly high to start (generally in the 7000-8000 foot range. So impacts will be at the highest passes where a few inches of wet slushy snow may accumulate on roadways overnight into Tuesday morning. Upper level forcing and afternoon heating/marginal instability may be enough for isolated thunder. As the upper trough and cold pool move overhead Tuesday night and Wednesday, snow levels will fall to near lake level. Snow showers will be more convective, and although not as widespread as Tuesday, they will be capable of brief heavier snow showers which could bring brief impacts to any of the Sierra passes. We continued the mention of thunderstorms on Wednesday as well. Total QPF through Wednesday will be in the 1-1.5" range along the Sierra with 0.10"-0.35" in western NV. Snow amounts will range from a few inches 6000-7000 feet to a foot or slightly more for higher elevations in the Sierra. Winds will be gusty for awhile this evening and again for Tuesday afternoon and evening. We have raised lake wind advisories for Tuesday. Ridge winds will gusts 70+ kts. A break in the weather is anticipated for Thursday as the area will briefly be between storms. Hohmann .LONG TERM...Friday through Monday... The next in a series of storms is poised to reach northern California and Nevada Friday into Saturday. The main concern with this system centers on the amount of precipitation expected as it does possess a sub-tropical moisture source. Timing and precipitation amount uncertainties hinge on the likelihood and magnitude of a potential split of the upper level trough. This trough has been depicted with a stronger back-side jet which can favor more southerly digging. 12z ensembles do show a sharper 300mb trough with a more north-south orientation which initially favors less orographic forcing and more initial shadowing on the lee-side of the Sierra on Friday. Thoughts are that even though the trough is digging a bit more, the overall pattern from the Pacific Basin through the Atlantic Basin has trended less amplified over the last several days, meaning that flow will likely be progressive and having a complete southern split is probably not too likely. More probable would be a slower onset and more shadowing initially on Friday followed by a bit shorter duration spillover period on Saturday as instability increases with the progressive trough. The QPF trend looks like a sharper gradient between the west and east slopes of the Sierra, however seeing 1-1.5" along the crest with 0.25-0.50" for the Sierra Front across far western Nevada is still plausible. The sharper trough may however allow snow levels to start a bit lower on Friday (~6,500`) then lower to 5,500`-6,000` by Saturday. Confidence remains low-medium due the splitting trend. Saturday will see convective snow showers behind the surface front as the cold pool aloft moves overhead. A secondary wave moves in Sunday into Monday morning which will have less moisture but may drop snow levels below 5,000` in scattered snow shower activity. Fuentes && .AVIATION... S-SW gusts 25-30 kts continue through early evening but winds will increase on the ridges tonight (gusts of 65-70 knots) ahead of the next storm with local MVFR CIGS in -RA after 09z Tuesday in the Sierra. More widespread MVFR CIGS in Sierra after 12Z with areas of the same restrictions in Western NV from 15-00Z on Tuesday. An isolated thunderstorm is possible during the afternoon hours as well. Winds in the valleys could gust to 35 kts and there will be mtn wave turbulence, but LLWS will be localized. The showers will diminish Tuesday night, but increase again by Wednesday morning with lower snow levels. Isolated -TSRASN are more likely on Wednesday with quick, brief accumulation on runways in the Sierra. Wallmann/TF && .REV Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NV...Lake Wind Advisory from 1 PM to 7 PM PDT Tuesday for Pyramid Lake in NVZ004. Lake Wind Advisory from 11 AM to 7 PM PDT Tuesday for Lake Tahoe in NVZ002. CA...Lake Wind Advisory from 11 AM to 7 PM PDT Tuesday for Lake Tahoe in CAZ072. && $$ For more information from the National Weather Service visit... http://weather.gov/reno


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Benefiting Organizations
Sinfonia Gulf Coast is committed to entertaining, educating and inspiring the community through imaginative and innovative musical programming. Our goal is to enrich and expand the traditional orchestral experience through unique artistic disciplines and collaborations, enhancing Northwest Florida's cultural vitality. Learn more…
Since 1995, the Mattie Kelly Arts Foundation has been committed to cultivating and nurturing a deep appreciation of the arts in residents and visitors along the breathtaking Emerald Coast. "All Kinds of Art" (AKA), has inspired over 270,000 children in over 57 schools, including those dedicated to serving students with special needs. Learn more…
For over 100 years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has worked relentlessly to save lives and create a world with less cancer. Together with millions of our supporters worldwide, we help people stay well and get well, find cures, and fight back against cancer. Learn more…
Children in Crisis is a nonprofit organization supported by caring people providing homes and establishing hope to our children. Children in Crisis is most likely the only charity in the area that provides the home for foster children and emergency shelter for young children. The Children's Neighborhood will provide an emergency shelter for children that are removed on short notice from unsafe or abusive environments. Learn more…
Food For Thought is a not-for-profit organization based in Santa Rosa Beach, FL that provides backpacks filled with healthy, easy to prepare food for students who are dependent on free or reduced school meals. Our goal is to support a child's development and educational experience by bridging the gap between school meals during weekends and holiday breaks. Learn more…
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American Cancer Society |
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Cox Charity Auction |
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Children in Crisis |
Harvest House |
Choctawhatchee HS Band |
Junior League Derby Party |
Destin Marathon |
Lewis Athletics Golf Tournament |
Destin Chamber of Commerce |
Little Black Dress Party |
Delta Sigma Thete Debutante Ball |
Mattie Kelly Arts Foundation |
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Niceville Chamber of Commerce |
Deal Island Elementary |
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Destin Rotary Club |
Shelter House |
Duncan Solutions |
VIP Destin |
EC Magazine Top Salon |
White Wilson Community Foundation |
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Youth Village |


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WALWORTH COUNTY — The Walworth County Sheriff's Department says a vehicle under water and a body recovered from Lake Geneva Thursday afternoon is that of a man reported missing Wednesday. Sheriff's officials say 76-year-old Richard Coogan left his home on Territorial Road in Sugar Creek Township Wednesday in his 2003 white Cadillac Seville headed for the City of Delevan, but never arrived.
Thursday just after noon, Linn Township police and Walworth County Sheriff's deputies responded to a report of a vehicle in the water at the end of the Robinson Hillside boat launch on the south side of Lake Geneva off of East Beach Road. Officials say the vehicle was approximately 50 feet offshore, completely under water.
Shortly before 12:30 p.m., officials recovered Coogan's body from the water, and the Walworth County Coroner pronounced Coogan dead at the scene. Officials say an autopsy will be performed to determine the exact cause of death, and the case remains under investigation.


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Product Notes
The Grand Marquis first started jumping and swinging in 1998. Twelve years, over 1400 shows, five recordings and a million miles later, they are in demand as one of the finest groups to come out of Kansas City since Prohibition ended. This versatile quintet showcases KC-style jumpin' blues and hot swinging jazz, mixing fresh originals with timeless classics. With a distinct and captivating sound, they go from gypsy jazz to jug band stomp in a heartbeat. In addition to the quintet's arsenal of vocals/four saxes, trumpet, guitar, bass/vocals and drums they've thrown in early jazz instruments like washboard, marimba & banjo. Critics and fans alike are lending their praise. Winners of The X Entertainment Magazine's "Best KC Band" title in 2006 and The Pitch reader's "Best Jazz Band" award in 2006 and 2007. Audiences young and old can't stop dancing to their infectious music. Their latest recording "One More Day" is the best yet, capturing some of the staples of swinging jazz while presenting original compositions destined to be instant classics. Experience the Grand Marquis yourself; hear echoes of the past, feel the energy of today and catch a glimpse of the future.


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Medical error: the second victim
BMJ 2000; 320 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7237.726 (Published 18 March 2000) Cite this as: BMJ 2000;320:726The doctor who makes the mistake needs help too
- Albert W Wu (email@example.com), associate professor
- School of Hygiene and Public Health and School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Personal view p 812
When I was a house officer another resident failed to identify the electrocardiographic signs of the pericardial tamponade that would rush the patient to the operating room late that night. The news spread rapidly, the case tried repeatedly before an incredulous jury of peers, who returned a summary judgment of incompetence. I was dismayed by the lack of sympathy and wondered secretly if I could have made the same mistake—and, like the hapless resident, become the second victim of the error.
Strangely, there is no place for mistakes in modern medicine. Society has entrusted physicians with the burden of understanding and dealing with illness. Although it is often said that "doctors are only human," technological wonders, the apparent precision of laboratory tests, and innovations that present tangible images of illness have in fact created an expectation of perfection. Patients, who have an understandable need to consider their doctors infallible, have colluded with doctors to deny the existence of error. Hospitals react to every error as an anomaly, for which the solution is to ferret out and blame an individual, with a promise that "it will never happen again." Paradoxically, this approach has diverted attention …
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Vintage oak leaded glass sectional Minty bookcase
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Furniture & Furnishings
- Source: eBay UK
- Sold Date: May 25, 2011
- Channel: Auction House
A nice oak leaded glass sectional 'Minty'library/barrister bookcase.
These are the English equivalent of the Amrican Globe Wernicke bookcase Four separate glazed sections each with two opening doors and a base section with short legs. Five separate sections in total. Easy to take apart and reassemble. These sections are locked in place with rotating wooden blocks to the inside top of the section underneath. No damage to the glass. Woodwork in good condtion. Would benefit from a wax over. A handsome looking piece of furniture that would grace any study or office. Would think circa 1940Dimensions: Overall 56ins tall x 35.25ins wide x 12ins deep approx
Top three glazed sections: 9ins tall x 8.5ins deep approx Bottom glazed section: 14ins tall x 10.5ins deep approx