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Thursday, October 31, 2013
A Little Humor in the Omaha Saga
50 comments:
My mother felt the same way--she used to bring shirts that needed a button sewn back on to me so that i would do it for her!!
ReplyDeleteBe yourself is the way to be, if te rest don't like it, tough. I couldn't sew a thing if I tried either.
ReplyDeletePoor Dee, I totally understand as I can't sew either, nor can I knit, but for some weird reason I can both crochet and embroider. I enjoyed hearing about nuns sneaking around their obedience vows. I can imagine it would all get to be a bit much when they seemed to not make sense.
ReplyDeleteI guess I'm not a real, genuine woman. I can't sew to save my life. I took 3 years of Home Ec. I always got an A in cooking and a C in sewing, and the teacher was being generous with the sewing grade. You are beautiful just the way you are.
JanieRepliesP.S. I didn't know it was possible to get kicked out of Girl Scouts, but I got kicked out of Bible study when I lived in Illinois.
DeleteDear Janie, so we're in this together--the rebels! I understand the being generous with grades. I was so inept in phy. ed that the teacher gave me Ds and she, too, was being generous. Peace.
Sewing machines have a poisonality all of their own don't they? And yes, I too am not a real woman. On so many fronts.
ReplyDeleteDismissed from Girl Scouts. Priceless. A shame Scholastic mistress had no imagination. I wonder how many of your adventures my aunt had. I'm sorry I never asked. I do remember at my grandmother's funeral, I was three, I sat on the bed and watched her and a cousin, a nun from another order, exchange habits and twirl and look at themselves in the mirror in my parents' bedroom.
ReplyDeleteRepliesDear Joanne, it is too bad that all of us think of asking questions after someone we care for has died. I'd so like to ask my mom and dad questions about their lives, but Mom died when I was 32 and Dad died when I was 39 and I didn't realize just how much their responses would have helped me.
I so like your story about your two nun relations and their exchanging habits and twirling and looking in the mirror! I bet they giggled at themselves! What a treasured memory. Peace.
We have yet more in common, Dee! I was kicked out of the Brownies (pre-Girl Scout troop) for balking at the girlish things we were asked to do for our patches. I had older brothers who were camping and learning to start fires and making soapbox cars to race and I wanted to do that, not learn to boil an egg. I was so defiant that they asked me to leave. I love that you didn't get defeated by your inability to enjoy sewing.
ReplyDeleteRepliesDear Kari, yes, I, too, got tired of all the "girlish" things we had to do. Like you, I wanted to learn "boy's" things--like hammering and making bird houses and starting fires and camping out. What a treat that would have been.
I can just see you being defiant! You still are and that's why your blog is a favorite of mine. Peace.
I love sewing--quilts. I used to sew for my girls, but after they grew up, all that was over.
Now--quilts, with the colors and patterns.My, my, being asked to leave the Girl Scouts for giving lip. Now that is something, Dee. You were a maverick from the start. Good for you!
When I tell my children what it was like to be a girl/woman in the 50's/60's, they look at me like I must have come from another planet. We certainly were defined so much different than today. I could sew, but not because I had to, but because my mom did and it looked like fun. I have not sewn in years even though I own a super-duper, does all things, sewing machine. I really don't feel like learning it and besides, it is usually cheaper to buy something already made than to buy the material and other notions that I would need to come up with something half as nice.
BTW, my one daughter comes over to may house to have her father sew buttons or to repair something. She knows I can do it, but her dad finds joy in helping her out. He learned to sew in the Air Force.RepliesDear Arleen, yes, today's young women really have no idea what life was like in the 40's/50's/and 60's. They learn about the "hippie" age, but not about what went before that and may have been part of the catalyst for the rebellion of the late 60's.
Do you watch "Downton Abbey"? The reason I ask is because the men who take care of the "masters" do sewing in the kitchen and a couple of times the camera has shown that and one of the characters has commented about how fine the invisible stitching is. I so like the idea of your daughter appreciating her father and your husband finding joy in helping her. Peace.
Oh my goodness- getting dismissed from Girl Scouts over a sewing issue? Phew- you were probably better off not being with them. I'm glad your friends were still able to help you some. I don't sew at all anymore, by choice. What we do with our hands, or anything we do on the outside, shouldn't have one bit of input into defining who we are. It's all about what's on the inside.
ReplyDeleteThis is so funny!!! I can't sew either. I can knit and crochet, but can't even whip up a hem. Wasn't kicked out of Brownies...just bored and quit. I wanted to do tomboyish things.
ReplyDeleteI was terrible at sewing, too. In Home Ec I had to make a pencil skirt (red) and it was so bad, but I had to wear it to school one day. I did, and it fell apart as I took it off! I'll never forget how awful it was to sew. Loved the story, Dee. :-)
ReplyDeleteI am a real woman, and i can't sew.
When I was about 13, my mother decided she was going to teach me how to, using a sewing machine. You know, 13 is a bad age to start something stressful with your mother. It was a catastrophe. I don't know why i didn't burn the pajamas we made. But I knew i never wanted to do THAT again..
Years later, when my husband-to-be and I were discussing our future marriage, we talked about sharing cooking, cleaning, laundry, even ironing (I guess we ironed back then) and we both said at the same time "but I don't sew"
Mimi T Boothby watercolorsI wonder if young women today feel the same pressures to "be" something, fit a label or another person's definition that was surely true when we were young. I'd like to think that it's at least less pressure on them, but I don't know that it's true! You have such a remarkable life force around you, Dee. And from your stories I'd say it's safe to say you've lived without being tied to any specific definition except to say that you are a kind and warm, curious and interesting, giving and very capable person. That's a pretty remarkable human being! ox
ReplyDeleteRepliesof course they do! take a look at preteens, they are already dressing up like vamps. They have airbrushed models to contend with...
DeleteDear Debra, thank you for your kind words about what defines me. I think that talking about definition would be a good thing in our schools today. I can see a really creative exercise in doing this with all sorts of activities. Wouldn't that be fun to teach! Peace.
So well written. Being a girl i also tried to learn sewing and stuff like that but unfortunately my interest couldn't developed much. I wish i had this skill too :)
ReplyDeleteI'm with you, Dee, I'd rather clean house than sew, though of course I love knitting. But sewing is nevertheless a useful skill, so I did learn, just as you did, even if we both only pick up a needle out of necessity. :-)
ReplyDeleteRepliesDear Perpetua, it would seem from these comments that many of us wouldn't agree with Sister Sweteberta's definition of a woman. I've tried knitting but didn't do well at it either. But I do really like to crochet. And yes, I can sew--out of necessity--if one of the seams comes apart on a blouse or something or a hem starts to droop! Peace.
HA HA ---that is SO me!!!!! I guess I'm not a 'real' woman because I never learned to sew and never wanted to! My sweet mother loved to sew --but her only daughter had no interest…. We are all different and we all have our own talents. I have plenty--but they don't lie in the areas of sewing/stitching/crafts/quilting, etc…. I love seeing beautiful quilts and beautiful cross stitch projects --but have no interest in doing them myself. Oh Well!!!!
Cute post…
BetsyI watched my daughter try sewing. What a mess. It's one of those things, you love it or you don't. I always loved sewing but not quilts and embroidery work. I always designed and sewed all my own dance costumes. One of my fovorite shows is "Project Runway." You can write books..... I can't.
ReplyDeleteAh Dee, I can so relate. I made a similar pact when I took home economics in high school.
I bartered my amazing skill for being able to rip out mistake seams flawlessly for having others complete my sewing project. I never ever felt guilty about it. We just use the talents we are given.
Truth be told.. my husband can sew better than I. When he was in high school he worked for a canvas company sewing boat covers. Luck me :)
ReplyDeleteMy mother was a seamstress and showed me how to sew when I was a wee kid and I liked it. But I don't think it is a "woman's job." My best friend's brother in France liked to sew with his father who was a tailor. He became a tailor himself and he and his wife opened a boutique in Brussels where they were very successful. Then, as you know, most of the high fashion designers in Paris are men, like Dior, Lanvin, Yves St Laurent, and in the States there are too many men in fashion to list.
ReplyDeleteDo they even have home ec in schools anymore? We learned how to cook and sew and keep our husbands happy with our frugality, attention to detail, meeting them at the door all fresh and pretty, and not talking about our days (they expected us to be housewives). I totally get Mad Men. :)
ReplyDeleteRepliesDear Rita, thank you so much for stopping by--that is a lovely and generous gift to me. I'm not sure about home ec in school today. My Catholic high school was so small that we didn't have home ec. I didn't learn to cook either and had to learn that in the convent--and that will provide at least one hilarious posting in the future! Peace.
Okay, I've caught up.
You may not believe this, Dee, but I am almost always angry on your behalf. It's like watching a film where I want to shout at the screen: Get Out Now!
A competent, strong, intelligent and capable woman like the one whose experiences are written would surely never stand for these bullying tactics?
Or is that the world has changed out of all recognition since those days?RepliesDear Friko, thank you for thinking of me as a competent, strong, intelligent, and capable woman back in 1960. But I really wasn't or at least I didn't see myself that way. Moreover, I felt that I'd truly been "called by God" to me a nun. It was a real vocation I thought.
And my "superiors" kept telling me that and I had taken vows with every intention of practicing obedience and so I did what they told me to do.
It was only a few years later, when I realized that I was going slowly insane that I knew I had to leave or I'd lose myself. Suppressing for all those years my natural bent toward rebellion took its toll finally and it took me several years after leaving the convent to recuperate and accept that I just wasn't suited to the life. And yes, for a while after leaving I became very angry also. I was immature and I thought that the nuns knew me better than I knew myself. That proved untrue. Peace.
Dee, you did give me cause to shake my head a bit and chuckle. I can't sew, either, though I have attempted to sew on occasion. Let's see, there was one of Jennifer's Halloween costumes that my sister, a great seamstress, pointed out was all done inside out just as Jennifer went out the door, and Katy. Ah, Katy, poor dear, also left Girl Scouts when her mother stapled her badges onto her sash. Sigh. She finally forgave me (I think) because she is even worse with a needle than I. Your sister nuns did find a way to help you, which makes me smile.


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If your child is pregnant or breast-feeding a baby:
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What are some things I need to know or do while my child takes this drug?
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We all are, to some extent, scared of Dengue. If you are a parent, doubtless you may be worried whether your child may get infected by the dengue fever.
Approximately 100 million cases of dengue fever are estimated every year worldwide. In this article, we will give you an overview of this fever and suggestions to prevent it from entering your household.
What Is Dengue?
Dengue (pronounced as den-gee) is a painful and draining mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus. It causes high fever, headaches, pain throughout the body and rashes. Dengue is more common in tropical areas.
Some regions most affected by dengue are:
- Southeast Asia
- The Indian Subcontinent
- Taiwan
- Southern China
- The Pacific Islands
- Mexico
- Africa
- Some Parts of The Caribbean
- Central and Southern America
Most part of United States is not prone to Dengue. However, people who are travelling to tropical locations should be well prepared for any such infections. Some part of southern United States and Te
xas-Mexico do report presence of dengue virus.[ Read: Typhoid Symptoms In Babies ]
How Dengue Occurs And Spreads?
Dengue virus is transmitted through the bite of an Aedes mosquito (also known as Female Tiger mosquito). When this virus transmits to human blood, it activates and causes dengue fever.
- Dengue is not a contagious infection that spreads from human to human through physical contact. It only spreads through mosquito that has dengue virus.
- Unlike all other mosquitoes that bite during evening and night, dengue-causing Aedes mosquitoes bite during the daytime. These mosquitoes breed in humid and warm climate.
- There is a very high chance of dengue-causing mosquitoes to grow around stagnant water. This is a major reason, chances of dengue infection increases during monsoon season.
[ Read: Mosquitoes Repellent For Babies ]
Dengue Symptoms In Babies:
Dengue fever appears around 4 to 6 days after the body is infected by the virus. The fever lasts for around 10 days. Following are some symptoms of dengue fever in babies:
- Sudden high fever
- Pain behind eyes
- Severe headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Excess of body pain, especially around joints and muscle areas
- Rashes on skin, which generally appears a couple of days after fever
- Mild nose bleeds
- Bleeding gums
At times, symptoms of dengue in babies are not prominent and therefore dengue fever is confused with other viral infections. Such confusions happens more in babies.
What Happens If Dengue Is Not Identified Soon?
Dengue is often confused with other fevers or infections. This makes situation worse and gets severe by the time someone realize about the actual situation.
- If left undetected for long, fever can take turn to dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is a rare disease.
- This fever causes damage of blood vessels, lymph and failure of circulatory system.
- It is accompanied by very high fever, massive bleeding of nose, shock and even death.
- This is called as Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). People with weaker immune system have higher chance of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever.
What To Do If Your Baby Show Symptoms Of Dengue?
If you see rashes on your baby's skin and she has fever, you should be on guard. Along with these two signs, if your child is also complaining of body pain, it is best to contact your physician.
- As of today, there is no specific cure for dengue fever. Your doctor will prescribe you medicines to counter the symptoms and fever, which will help in curing dengue.
- Do not give your child any anti-inflammatory pill as this could affect your baby's blood platelets.
- Take her to the hospital, so that treatment can be offered as soon as possible.
[ Read: Symptoms Of Viral Fever In Infants ]
Prevention From Dengue:
Dengue is a severe infection; the good news is, it can be controlled with currently available preventive measures. If you keep a tab of things, you will be able to keep you and your baby away from this infection.
- The key is to keep mosquitoes away from your family. Make sure that you do not let water accumulate anywhere in your house (washroom, terrace, garden, etc).
- Use mosquito repellent in your house and keep your kids away from dirt.
We hope this article proves useful for you recognize dengue symptoms in babies. Please share your thoughts on this topic in the section below.
Reference : 1
Recommended Articles:
- 5 Effective Treatments To Cure Bug Bites In Babies
- Is It Safe To Use Mosquito Repellents For Babies?
- Allergies In Babies: Causes, Symptoms And Treatments
- 7 Preventive Measures To Avoid Malaria In Infants/Babies


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An ambitious project by Tanishq, the jewellery retail arm of Tata-controlled watch maker Titan Industries Ltd to expand in the US has been hit by the recession in that economy. Tanishq has shut down two of its stores it opened at Chicago and New Jersey a few months ago after it found operations to be unviable.
These stores were opened in 2008, precisely the year in which the US was shaken by the financial meltdown on Wall Street. The company had plans to open about 25 stores in the US.
The company's decision to close the two stores also followed failed attempts to bring in an investor for the US operations. The recession in the US had made it difficult for Tanishq to establish itself in the country. Tanishq,
launched in India in 1995, is the largest jewellery brand in India.
Titan's results for the quarter that ended on June 30 reflected the slump as the jewellery segment grew by only 3.2 per cent from Rs 615.72 crore in the first quarter last year to Rs 635.55 crore for the corresponding quarter this year, as rising gold prices dissuaded customers from going for jewellery purchases. The company has 115 Tanishq outlets in India.
Tanishq, built on the premise of offering gold certified for purity and then combining it with fancy designs, aims in
India to cut into a market dominated by traditional family jewellers.
Its plant located at Hosur, Tamil Nadu, spreads across 1,35,000 square feet.


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text: Last week I walked into a phone store, and walked out with a new Blackberry (okay, it wasn't a Blackberry, but for the purposes of this blog post it was). No down payment, no paying for the phone, just a three year contract that included a Blackberry upgrade. That made me think. What if IRead more


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Fax (617) 520-4999
"Pilgrim Medical has been great. Their customer service is superb and the people there respond very quickly and go above and beyond to help you out"
Debra V, Baltimore MD
"This is the first time that I have ordered from Pilgrim. I am extremely happy with the service, the quality of my new cart and the quickness with the delivery. I will definitely use them again."
John D, Cleveland OH
"I would like to thank Pilgrim Medical for the wonderful service you provide. I care for my elderly mother. I have NEVER experienced such wonderful customer service, ever. I can't believe I received my order TODAY! WOW! Thank you!"
Jenn F, Boston MA
We accept:
Organize the clutter with these Jumbo Bin Wire Storage Racks! Rugged chrome wire shelving complete with color-coded jumbo hopper boxes organizes any big, bulky storage problem! Removable bins hold up to 100 lbs! Now available with CLEAR Bins! Pilgrim Medical has the plastic bin storage rack you need!


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June 11th, 2014 | Julia Braime
We are absolutely over the moon here at Brides Up North to have wrapped up our epic spring season, and to have announced our fabulous schedule for autumn 2014 to much fanfare and excited exhibitor bookings and bridal registrations a few weeks ago. I think autumn 2014 is our fastest selling season yet.
I'm re-blogging the line up here today as there have been a few shuffles to the itinerary, and I like to keep you discerning readers up to date as things happen (diaries at the ready)! Thanks to a sporting clash with the Great North Run (yes, really!) our beautiful Alnwick Garden event has been moved from it's original date and will now take place on Sunday 5th October 2014.
We also have another yet-to-be-announced brand spanking new venue to add to the line up that we needed to make some logistical elbow room for. You'll have to wait just a touch longer (the ink on the contract is just touch dry) to find out which royal treasure completes our – damn amazing – list of loveliness. Not long though, I promise.
We are looking ahead to another beautiful bunch of Brides Up North bridal events – across three regions in autumn 2014 – at painstakingly selected partner venues packed with the very best of each area's bridal supplier talents. What these people and places can add to YOUR big day is unbelievable, and it's all there and waiting for you.
It's all looking very promising indeed…
Hilltop Country House, Cheshire – Sunday 14th September 2014 – 12pm till 4pm
Luxury & Vintage Wedding Exhibition – 30 Exhibitors
Ramside Hall Hotel, Durham – 21st September 2014 – 12pm till 4pm
Super Showcase Grand Wedding Exhibition – 100 Exhibitors
Hardwick Hall Hotel, County Durham – Sunday 28th September 2014 – 12pm till 4pm
Luxury & Vintage Wedding Exhibition – 60 Exhibitors
The Mansion, Leeds – Sunday 5th October 2014 – 11am till 3pm
Luxury Wedding Exhibition – 40 Exhibitors
The Alnwick Garden, Northumberland – Sunday 5th October 2014 – 11am till 4pm
Luxury & Vintage Wedding Exhibition – 40 Exhibitors
Allerton Castle, Knaresborough – Sunday 12th October 2014 – 11am till 3pm
Luxury Wedding Exhibition – 40 Exhibitors
Middleton Lodge, Richmond – Sunday 12th October 2014 – 1pm till 4pm
Luxury Wedding Exhibition – 40 Exhibitors
Nostell Priory, Wakefield – Sunday 19th October 2014 – 11am till 3pm
Luxury Wedding Exhibition – 40 Exhibitors
The Bowdon Rooms, Altrincham – Sunday 2nd November 2014 – 12pm till 4pm
Luxury & Vintage Wedding Exhibition – 30 Exhibitors
I love meeting our readers in real life – and have so many tips, hints and recommendations up my sleeve to share with you in person – so make sure to diarise at least one of our FREE ENTRY (yep, you read that right) Luxury Wedding Exhibitions for the new season and come along to say hello.
So guess what? Pre-registration is officially open!
To pre-register for a free Brides Up North VIP Bride-To-Be Goody Bag (stuffed with treats and glossy mags) and FREE ENTRY, fill in your details below, marking the Brides Up North event venue of choice e.g. "HILLTOP COUNTRY HOUSE" in the subject line and quoting "VIP".
You can collect your VIP Bride-To-Be Goody Bag upon entry to the Luxury Wedding Exhibitions. Only the bride need register for larger groups. VIP Bride-To-Be Goody Bags available while stocks last only.
EXHIBITORS: Are you a wedding industry professional? Join the Northern Revolution! We would love to welcome new exhibitors to the Brides Up North family in 2014. We are now accepting exhibitor bookings for all the above fabulous events.
Exhibitors will be strictly limited by category and places will be allocated on a first come, first served basis. Since their inception in Spring 2012, all exhibitions have been sell outs on exhibitor space with a record attendance for every venue. Consequently, we expect demand for these shows to be very high. Get in touch as soon as possible to guarantee your place.
Please email email@example.com ASAP for exhibitor booking and pricing information listing the events or area that you are interested in.
Brides Up North UK Wedding Blog – Image © 2014 Cat Hepple Photography
These are Brides Up North events
Contact Brides Up North to submit your business as a Featured Supplier
Would you like to see your real wedding, love story, styled shoot, forthcoming event or wedding business featured on Brides Up North? Contact Brides Up North for real wedding and features submissions or details of our advertising packages.
contact us to be featured on brides up north Julia Braime
Former lawyer and bride to be Julia founded Brides Up North in 2010 with a chip on her shoulder. Frustrated by the poor Northern presence in glossy bridal magazines and online, she decided to do something about it herself.
Astounded by the rapid growth of her blog and brand, Julia now manages Brides Up North's online content alongside their busy wedding exhibition season, industry events and related commissions. And she's always, always, got a new project on the go…
Subscribe to receive Brides Up North e-shots, our newletters and notifications of events, giveaways and offers
We strive to represent the very best in our industry, but Brides Up North cannot be held liable for the products/ services of our sponsors. Any bookings are made at your own risk. Terms & Conditions.
All images © Brides Up North/ original author. Images should not be reproduced without written permission. Terms & Conditions.
© Brides Up North 2014. All Rights Reserved | Terms and Conditions | Privacy Policy | Site Designed by Team Valley Web | Site images by Cat Hepple |Brides Up North is registered as a trademark (No.2589026)| Google+


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Shopping in Washington DC - United States
AlexWhether you go for cutting-edge looks from the latest designers or vintage Balenciaga and Dior, this jewel box of a shop encourages you to develop personal style via the new and the semi-new designer consignment stock.
Address: 1919 Pennsylvania Ave. NW , (entrance is on Eye... |
All About JaneThis popular women's boutique is a great shop with reasonable prices and designs for truly unique chic fashion.
Address 2438 18th St NW, Adams-Morgan Phone Tel: (202) 797 9710 (info) ... |
Betsy FisherCatering to women of all ages and sizes in search of contemporary and trendy styles, this store stocks one-of-a-kind accessories, clothes, shoes and jewelry by well-known designers A small selection of up-and-coming local designs is also available.
Address: 1224 Connecticut Ave. NW,... |
Christ Child Opportunity ShopYou will find the usual odds and ends here with the proceeds from sales going to children's charities. Most merchandise is left on consignment; if you know antiques, you might find bargains in jewelry, silver, china, quilts, and other items.
Address 1427 Wisconsin Ave. |
DaisyThis California style boutique sells jeans to fit every size and shape. The store also stocks on very affordable designer baby tees and sunglasses.
Address 1814 Adams Mill Rd NW, Adams-Morgan Phone Tel: (202) 797 1777 (info) ... |
Filene's BasementIf you aren't from the east coast, you probably haven't had the privilege of shopping at Boston-based Filene's, a bargain-hunter's paradise devoted to men's and women's clothing, shoes and accessories. Unlike discount stores like Ross Dress for Less and TJ Maxx, designer duds are the norm rather...
ForecastIf you like classic, contemporary styles, then Forecast is the place you're looking for . You can find silk sweaters and wool blends in solid, muted tones for women seeking elegant but practical clothing from well known brands . The housewares and gifts selection on the first floor is colorful...
Fruit & Vegetable MarketThere are several farmers markets in the DC area with the oldest being The Alexandria Farmers market operating since 1752. Locally grown fruits and vegetables are offered here along with bakery items, cut flowers and plants. This market operates all year and Saturday mornings from 5 to 10 am,...


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Just to give you a picture of where we are right now, we have:
1 Senior in college
1 Freshman in college
1 Senior in high school
1 Sophomore in high school
1 8th grader
1 6th grader
AND a husband who is a professional student....
We have had children in public schools in 4 states, and have homeschooled in 2 states. Jason and I never attended public schools...we were both products of private Christian schools.
While our children have been in public schools, we have experienced a LOT. We have seen schools that ranked among some of the best in the nation, AND schools ranked as some of the worst. We had a child attacked and permanent damage done, for which no one was held accountable. We had schools on lockdown. We had some exceptional teachers, and some that were not-so-good. We had a teacher proposing to meet with a teenaged child in her apartment, alone {she was fired}. Our children were exposed to other children on drugs, children who were abused, and children who were abandoned. Our children have also experienced a high quality education, musical and sports opportunities, for which there has been a high level of support on all levels of the schools.
Our children have been able to take languages - Japanese, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, German, Italian, and French, as well as Latin.
One of those children is going on to study music on a college level, and has thought about going back and teaching music on a middle school and high school level.
I have been thinking recently about the opportunities our children have had, at relatively little cost to us.
Our oldest child was in public school in South Carolina for Kindergarten (when she took Japanese) and for most of her 1st grade year, and then we moved a second time within that year, and started homeschooling.
There was a point in time where homeschooling was the only option I was comfortable with using. I bought into the thought-process that if *I* did everything right (homeschool, no TV, no R-rated or PG-13 movies, limited vaccines, correctly disciplined, memorized enough Scripture, attend AWANA, attend the right church, etc.), my children would turn out "right". Yeah, that turns out to have been [at least] misleading, and likely blatantly false.
We eventually put our children back into public schools, first in Montana, and then when we moved to Virginia, and now in Massachusetts. I was petrified. I had never had much exposure to how public schools worked, or what was expected of parents.
For the most part, life with children in public schools has been good. The school system in Virginia Beach offered opportunities that we really benefited from...an academy system within the district, with specialty schools, International Baccalaureate middle and high schools, GREAT band programs, peripheral music programs, exposure to students from a WIDE variety of backgrounds and countries, and a host of really good kids that our kids became good friends with.
So far, our experiences with the schools in Massachusetts have been positive, as well. The schools are much smaller than those we experienced in Virginia, with a much lower student:teacher ratio, more money for special things like iPads for all of the kids 6th grade and up, and no band fees for involvement in the band and guard programs. We have also not had to purchase school supplies, which is a VERY welcome break from our experiences in Virginia, Montana, and South Carolina.
Back when we had our first child, and I thought about sending her off to school, the thought was overwhelming, and I couldn't see very far into the future. Now that child is a college senior, and is putting together funding to take her GRE and apply to grad school. I don't know what the future holds, for any of my kids, but I know that God is in control of that just as much now as He was way back when I thought *I* was the one determining how well they turned out in the end, and I am very grateful for that!! I am also grateful that our country provides for the education of its citizens, and for the variety available within the public school system.


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"ENCORE" Is an opportunity to acquire a very special 73 Manhattan built in 2012 and commissioned in 2014. This one-owner vessel has had little use and has been skipper-maintained; she has a very impressive specification including twin generators, fin stabilizers, a watermaker, crane, and jet-ski. Her owner is very meticulous and the quality of this boat shines through. The interior fabrics have been chosen by the owner's personal interior designer which adds value and makes her unique. Finished in the most popular satin walnut and white exterior with hard top this vessel is presented as the best on the market. Please contact for more information or for the full brochure.
Sunseeker Wharf
West Quay Road
Poole, Dorset BH15 1HW
United Kingdom


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Everyone, especially children, will love these action-packed stories set behind-the-scenes in three different zoos. Here we not only see many familiar and no- so-familiar animals, but also how they're cared for, what zookeepers do, the zoo after dark, and feeding times like you've never seen before. Each program includes Click for more
The eight segments in this program include: Paul's Possum - A ringtail possum found a new mother after falling out of a tree at the zoo. Keeper Paul adopted the possum and feeds him from a bottle every four hours - day and night. When he's not feeding, Paul keeps the possum snug and safe in a pouch under his shirt! Back to the Wild - Sometimes keepers help save animals from extinction. At the Melbourne Zoo, they're breeding the endangered Eastern Barred Bandicoots, and releasing them into the wild. The news is great when they check on a bandicoot's progress. Koala Treat - It's time for the koalas to get new trees. After carefully getting the koalas down from their old ones the keepers cut them down and plant fresh trees. But watch out - the koalas can't wait to try their new homes for size. Check Up - It's time for the Yellow-Bellied Glider to have his annual check up. The keepers carefully take him out of his box and give him a thorough going over. He gets a clean bill of health and returns to his nest for a mid-day snooze. A Bottle for Joe - When two young joes (baby kangaroos) lose their mother, the keepers at the zoo come to the rescue. They bottle feed the tiny roos until they are old enough to join the fully-grown animals on display. A Long Way From Home - An unexpected guest has arrived at the zoo, a small primate called a Slow Loris. She needs some special attention to help her recover. A New Playground - The Lion-Tailed Macaques have grown tired of their enclosure. The keepers have decided that there is only one thing to do - change the furniture. The macaques are delighted with their new playground, and run, jump, swing and climb all day long. Lemur Island - The Lemurs live on an island in the zoo. They don't like swimming, so the zookeepers can be sure they won't escape, but it does mean that whenever the zookeepers deliver their dinner, they have to put on their gumboots and wade across the moat. 02/09DE PI 15 min.
Arts: Architecture
Arts: Art & Artists
Arts: Instruction & How-to
Arts: Music
Arts: Performing Arts
Arts: Photography
Cinema: Drama
Cinema: Family
Cinema: Literature
Cinema: Mysteries
Cinema: Westerns
Computer Science
Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement
Early Childhood
English: Language Arts
English: Literature & Writing
English: Poetry
Foreign Language Study
Foreign Language: French
Foreign Language: Spanish
Health: Aging
Health: Child Health & Safety
Health: Family & Parenting
Health: Holistic/Self-Help/Spirituality
Health: Medicine
Health: Psychology & Psychiatry
Phys. Ed.: Instruction & Fitness
Phys. Ed.: Recreation & Sports
Reading: Children's Literature
Reading: Storytelling
Science Fiction/Fantasy
Science: Agriculture
Science: Environment
Science: Natural & Physical
So. Studies/Sciences: Geography/Cultures
So. Studies/Sciences: History
So. Studies/Sciences: Law
So. Studies/Sciences: Philosophy
So. Studies/Sciences: Political Science
So. Studies/Sciences: Religion
So. Studies/Sciences: Sociology
So. Studies/Sciences: U.S./World Issues
So. Studies/Sciences: Women's Studies
Special Education
Staff Development
Voc. Ed.: Business/Career/Communications
Voc. Ed.: Family & Consumer Science
Voc. Ed.: Industrial & Technical


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Bruce timm
Poison Ivy by Bruce Timm
Fuck Yeah Bruce Timm! - redferretcomics: Art by Bruce Timm
One of my all time favorites Mr. Freeze by Bruce Timm
The Joker by Bruce Timm (Also proof you're a 90's kid. You see this and think "Mark Hamill")
Bruce Timm's Joker, my favorite artistic version of the Joker.
Wonder Woman by comic_art_fan
Batman By Bruce Timm
The art of Bruce Timm.
Batman: The Animated Series - Batgirl
Bruce Timm's World's Finest by ~theirishgrover on deviantART


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with special guests
Friday 24 March 2017 (opening 8:00pm)
at Rosemount Hotel ( venue info ) 459 Fitzgerald Street (cnr Angove Street), North Perth WA www.rosemounthotel.com.au
Please wait, we are attempting to reserve tickets for your order, this process can take several minutes during peak time, so please be patient and do not refresh the page or navigate away.
Price includes booking fees
Please wait we are attempting to reserve tickets for your order, this process can take upwards of 5 to 10 minutes during peak time so please be patient and do not refresh the page or navigate away.
The 'Start Over Summer Tour' 16/17 will be Ziggy's most extensive national tour yet - from coastal towns, to regional communities and the major cities, Ziggy will be headlining at your favourite venues, unusual spaces and announcing secret shows; where simply, you will find yourself immersed in a room(big and small) full of people singing along to their favourite tracks. From Sunshine-coast to Perth with 45+ shows for you to choose from, a van full of responsible merchandise (tee's, bags, Keep Cups and more), and a stoked crew spending their free time surfing or hosting community activities - this summer will be one to be remembered by all
This is an 18+ event. * Over 18's only unless advertised otherwise. * Photo ID is essential, acceptable ID is a current and valid Australian Photo Drivers Licence, WA Proof of Age card or Passport. Please check with the venue for any other acceptable forms of photo ID * All children under 18 not permitted including small children and babies * Intoxicated persons will not be admitted * No thongs or steel cap boots * The venue reserves the right to refuse admission to any person * Dangerous behaviour including Crowd Surfing, Stage Diving, Moshing and Violent Dancing is not allowed and will result in your immediate removal from this venue.*Inappropriate behaviour at this venue will lead to your banning.*
You have tickets reserved. You have a limited time to complete your booking before your reservation expires and you will have to start your reservation process again. You can keep an eye on the time remaining in the top right of the page.
Are you sure you want to cancel your reservation?


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Meat & Poultry
Why Greendale Beef is best
We breed and raise our own beef herd - a mixture of Aberdeen Angus and Charolais - at our family farm in East Devon, pasturing the animals in fields close to the Jurassic coast. We follow a carefully selective breeding program, and place great importance on animal welfare, such as the guidelines set out by the Red Tractor Food Assurance Scheme. Good herd management and a grass-based diet ensure our animals lead healthy, stress-free lives, and in turn produce superb quality meat. Our beef is hung on the bone for a minimum of three weeks, giving it time to develop wonderful tenderness and flavour, then the skilled butchers at Greendale Farm Shop finish the process, preparing the delicious, high-quality beef products we're renowned for.
Meet our
Master Butchers
Greendale's master butchers prepare all our meat on-site at the farm shop. With years of experience, they are always on hand to give customers expert advice about choosing the right cut of meat and the best way to cook or prepare it. If you're buying online, rest assured that this same expertise has been put to good use to ensure your purchase is exactly right; you'll find all of our meat is available in a wide range of cuts and portions, ready-packed for fast delivery. Click here to learn more about our butchers.
Popular searches
Customer support
Get in touch
About us
Come and see us
Opening hours
Mon to Sat 8am - 8pm , Sun 9am- 6pm
- 01395 232836
- email@example.com


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Meghan McCain, the daughter of Republican Senator John McCain, said in an interview with ABC and Yahoo News that her father "was 'frustrated' and 'depressed' by the Tea Party." Meghan described the Tea Party as the 'hyper-conservative wing" of the Republican Party.
John McCain's daughter went on to say:
"He is so depressed. He is so downtrodden. The way he's talking about it, how he's never seen it this bad in his 30-plus years in office." She then complained about her father having to run "another dirty tea party election," saying that the prospect of a primary challenge could encourage her father to drop out.
Hey Meghan, we're also frustrated and depressed that your father has turned into a constitutional obstructionist. He should remember that a lot of conservatives voted for him in 2008 even though he was not the conservative they were hoping for. He often sent mixed signals on important issues.
There was a lot in his voting record that they could agree with, but they saw a trend toward compromise in naively working with the Democrats believing there would be political reciprocity. Democrats view compromise as weakness.
John McCain should returned the favor for all the years that conservatives stood by him and elected him by large margins and support fellow-conservatives who are trying to save the GOP and the country.
Read more: http://godfatherpolitics.com/


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RevoStock Shifter 401668
After Effects Project \ Commercials \ Intros \ Grungy \ High Energy \ Lights \ Particles
After Effects Project - Shifter 401668 by Igmdigital @ RevoStock
After Effects Project \ Commercials \ Intros \ Grungy \ High Energy \ Lights \ Particles
Length: 00:30; Music: Not Included; SoundFX: Included; Stock Video:; Not Included; Replaceable Text Spots: 8; Replaceable Logo Spots: 1; Replaceable Video Spots: 0; Loopable: no; Downloads: 5; Model Release: no.
- No plugins required
- Native Resolution 1920x1080 but there are presets to render out in 720p, NTSC, and PAL
- 8 Text holders and 1 logo at the end
- CS3 and version above compatible
- Very easy to work with and affordable price!
- SFX are included and link for free track used in preview is included in help file.
If you want a strong, powerful, and dynamic project at a reasonable price, then this project is for you. You can use it for trailers, promotions, intros, and openers. Easy customization! Presets included for rendering to 1080p, 720p, NTSC, and PAL. No 3rd party plugins required. Thank you! Check my other projects Here
This product is an Adobe After Effects project file. It requires Adobe After Effects version CS3 or higher as well as any plug-ins listed fellow: Required After Effects Plugins: No Plug-Ins required.
Keywords: intro, trailer, movie, opener, strong, action, high, energy, cyber, electric, powerful, synthetic, blur, blue, fire, light, bright, hi-tech, fresh clear, 3d, extrusion, extruded, cinematic, broadcast, intense, instant, space, fly, dark, particles, titles, shine, lighten, galaxy, stars, warp, hole, text, holders, sky, fast, grunge, flares, optical, fractal, hyper, fresh, open title, end title, title sequence, film intro, motion graphics, magic, drama, abstract, particle, particular, bokeh, depth of field, film, fantasy, sci-fi, no plugins, title, sequence, shatter, introduction, flythrough, commercial, transition, after effects, shattering, break, Fly around, dramatic, rapid, brilliant, storm, Advertising, Burn, Burning, Combustion, Flythroug, Dark, Titles.


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The public is invited to participate in a free, online town hall meeting hosted by Assemblyman Mike Gatto on Wednesday, July 10 from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. The assemblyman will be available to answer questions about community issues, provide updates and information about his current legislation, and discuss suggestions for future legislation.
Participants of the town hall meeting will not be required to provide any personal information or sign-up for any websites, newsletters, or other mailing lists to participate. Visit http://assemblymanmikegatto.blogspot.com at 7 p.m. on Wednesday to join the conversation. Due to time constraints and a large volume of anticipated questions, not all questions may be addressed at the town hall meeting.
"I believe in being as accessible as possible. What better way than to chat personally with constituents, allowing them to interact from the comfort and convenience of their own home or smartphone?" stated Gatto. Gatto's district stretches from the Angeles National Forest through East Hollywood.


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ever thought about polyamory? seems like every cancer i've spoken to acts like they are into being with more than one person at the same time [even when in a relationship] Oo
ever forced someone to do something they didn't want to? cancers do *not* strike me as forceful, though i've only known two who've been forceful.
one of my bosses is a scorpio, but she doesn't seem this way either.


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Course Description:
In 2010, the SEC approved the new Form ADV Part 2, a "plain English" narrative approach to client disclosure, which was put into effect in 2011. The adopted rule changes require investment advisers to file their brochures electronically and the public has access to these brochures via the IAPD. This course will examine the form's 19 specific potential disclosure topics, including advisory business, fees and compensation, disciplinary events and brokerage practices. In addition, the panel will delve into the mechanics of the "brochure supplement" requirement, which is a résumé-like disclosure for each individual providing advice to a client.
Both SEC commissioners and staff emphasized the importance of meaningful, clear and useful disclosure, as well as the need for advisers to avoid legalese and boilerplate disclosures. Lessons learned from the past year's filings of Form ADV Part 2 will be reviewed to gain further clarity into how to complete the narrative in ways that will withstand SEC scrutiny. Disclosure on the adviser's actual practices and conflicts, as well as on practices and conflicts reasonably likely to exist will be reviewed to highlight material facts concerning conflicts and address the requirement of how the adviser deals with them.
The session will also address:
Learning Objectives:
After attending this course, attendees should be able to:
For whom: Chief Compliance Officers, Management, Compliance Staff at all levels, Auditors and Legal Counsel
Suggested Skill Level: Basic to Intermediate
Instructional Method: Group-Internet-Based and Group-Live
Prerequisites for participation: No prerequisites are required. However, attendees can benefit by reviewing the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to become familiar with the structure and terms, and the SEC adopting release IA-3060 Amendments to Form ADV (July 28, 2010).
Order this Desktop on Demand


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De Beers, the world's largest diamond group, said demand for rough diamonds and polished stones was "exceptional" last year, pushing profits up almost 50% despite concerns about the global economy.
The group's trading division saw its second highest ever sales, rising 27% to $6.5bn (£4bn). While demand eased back slightly in the last six months of 2011 De Beers said it had benefited from the combination of lower than usual production levels and "exceptional consumer demand growth". Pretax profit rose 48% to $1.27bn.
FTSE 100 mining group Anglo American, which already owns 45% of De Beers, last November signed a deal to acquire the Oppenheimer founding family's 40% stake for $5.1bn. The deal is expected to close later this year, leaving the government of Botswana as the only other name on the share register with 15%.
De Beers produces more than a third of the world's rough diamonds from mines in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Canada. Some 31.3m carats were extracted from De Beers' own and joint venture mines last year, down from 33m for 2010. The company says all of its diamonds are "certified conflict free", with more than two-thirds of its stones sourced from Botswana.
De Beers' branded jewellery operation showed that demand was "particularly strong" in China. "The China opportunity is a priority for De Beers, with further 2012 expansion plans following the opening of stores in Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian and a second Hong Kong store in 2011," the company said.
Looking ahead, De Beers said demand for diamonds this year was unlikely to match levels seen in 2011. "In spite of uncertainty, and barring a global economic shock, we expect to see continued growth in global diamond jewellery sales, albeit at lower levels than the exceptional 2011 growth. This will be driven by the overall strength of the luxury goods market, improving sentiment in the US (the largest diamond jewellery market), continuing growth in China, and the positive impact of the 2011 polished price growth on retail jewellery prices."
guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010
Published via the Guardian News Feed plugin for WordPress.


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Correlation of breast cancer risk factors with HER-2/neu protein overexpression according to menopausal and estrogen receptor status
© Tsakountakis et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005
Received: 16 October 2004
Accepted: 04 February 2005
Published: 04 February 2005
Several researchers have claimed that classification of tumours on the basis of HER-2/neu overexpression or amplification may define a subset of breast cancer in which the net effect of a risk factor could be rather more obvious and its impact on breast cancer development more clear. We decided to investigate, in a group of patients from a geographical area with a low incidence of breast cancer, whether HER-2/neu positive tumours are correlated with established or suspected risk factors for breast cancer and thus to identify distinct subgroups of high risk women.
This study analysed data from patients who attended the Breast Unit at the University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece between 1996 and 2002. 384 women with primary invasive breast cancer were compared with 566 screened women who were referred to the Unit and had not developed breast neoplasm by the time the data were analysed. Risk factor data were obtained from each subject by personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. The detection and scoring of the HER-2/neu protein, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression were performed using immunochemistry. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Case-case odds ratios were calculated in order to measure the risk heterogeneity between HER-2/neu+ and HER-2/neu-tumours. Separate analyses were performed for premenopausal and postmenopausal women and according to estrogen receptor status.
In multivariate analysis without HER-2/neu stratification, an increased breast cancer risk was associated with only four of the factors examined: use of oral contraceptives (OR = 4.40, 95%C.I: 1.46–13.28), use of HRT (OR = 7.34, 95%C.I: 2.03–26.53), an age at first full pregnancy more than 23 years (OR = 1.91, 95%C.I: 1.29–2.83) and body mass index more than 29 kg/m2 (OR = 3.13, 95%C.I: 2.02–4.84). Additionally, a history of abortion or miscarriage (OR = 0.56, 95%C.I: 0.38–0.82) was correlated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. In the case to case comparison only BMI >29 kg/m2 revealed a relative connection that was stronger with positive than with negative HER-2/neu tumours (ratio of OR's = 2.23, 95%C.I: 1.20–4.15, p = 0.011). This may indicate evidence of heterogeneity of a rather significant degree for this factor. In the ER negative group an age at first full pregnancy >23 years and a BMI >29 kg/m2 were associated with an increased risk in both HER-2/neu groups, but the association was significantly stronger for the latter factor in the positive HER-2/neu tumours (ratio of OR's = 2.46, 95%CI: 0.97–6.21).
Our study did not confirm that the established or putative hormonal breast cancer risk factors differ regarding their relations with HER-2/neu+ versus HER-2/neu-breast tumours, with the exception of increased BMI. Further innovative studies with larger sample sizes are needed to examine how the status of these potentially modifiable breast cancer risk factors interacts with biological markers such as HER-2/neu oncoprotein.
The HER-2/neu oncogene, also known as c-erb-B2, c-neu or ERBB2, is located in chromosome 17q11.2-12, encoding an EGFR-family like glycoprotein [1]. Its amplification, which is strongly correlated with protein overexpression, occurs in about 15–43% of breast tumours [1–10].
The observation that morphologically similar neoplasmatic lesions of the breast can exhibit different biology has necessitated the identification of biological parameters that might improve risk assessment; the evaluation of HER-2/neu expression is a typical example [11]. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that HER-2/neu amplification represents a prognostic and predictive marker; its expression is associated with early disease recurrence, relative resistance to chemo- and/or hormonotherapy and short survival [2, 10]. In addition it has been shown that genetic alterations of the HER-2/neu oncogene represent early events involved in breast carcinogenesis and tumour initiation, while their presence is observed in all stages of malignant development from in situ carcinomas to metastatic lesions [12]. As a result, some researchers have maintained that HER-2/neu amplification and/or protein overexpression may also represent not only an important marker of prognosis but also a key indicator of the aetiological heterogeneity of breast carcinogenesis. [3, 7–9].
On the other hand, the contribution of even well established breast cancer risk factors to the aetiology of carcinogenesis in the breast remains obscure, ill-defined and tenuous, mostly because of the existence of different pathways for the initiation and the evolution of a breast tumour [13]. In order to explain this incompatibility, several researchers have claimed that classification of tumours on the basis of HER-2/neu overexpression or amplification may define a subset of breast cancer in which the net effect of a risk factor could be rather more obvious and its impact on breast cancer development more clear [3, 7, 8].
Thus, a close correlation of a risk factor with HER-2/neu overexpression could indicate either that a HER-2/neu alteration is the way that this risk factor evolves into the carcinogenesis or that there is a parallel interaction between them that leads to breast tumour initiation and development. Since the data in the literature supporting the above hypothesis are few and conflicting, we decided to investigate, in a group of patients from a geographical area with a low incidence of breast cancer, whether HER-2/neu positive tumours are correlated with established or suspected risk factors for breast cancer and thus to identify distinct subgroups of high risk women.
This study analysed data derived from the database of the Breast Unit of the Department of Surgical Oncology at the University General Hospital of Heraklion on the island of Crete, Greece. The study considered all women who were consecutively diagnosed with primary, invasive breast cancer in our unit from 1996 to 2002. Subjects of other races, ethnicity, with residence outside Crete or diagnosed with DCIS or LCIS were excluded. Finally, 384 women, all originating from the island of Crete, were eligible for analysis.
An age-stratified random sample of 566 women was used as a control group, derived from the Breast Unit's database of screened patients who had not developed breast cancer after a median follow up period of 40 months (range 12–92 months). Personal interviews were conducted with each woman during her first visit (both patients and controls) by a consultant or a senior resident. The interview followed a structured questionnaire, which did not change during the study period. Anthropometric measures were also made during the first visit.
Women were classified as postmenopausal if their menstrual cycles had ended naturally at least 12 months before the interview or from surgery or radiation therapy at any age. Those who reported not having menstrual cycles for the last 10 months were considered as perimenopausal and were combined with premenopausal women for the purpose of our analysis.
The following variables were analysed for all patients and controls: residence (rural/urban), age at interview (≤ 50 and >50 years), age at menarche (≤ 12 and >12 years old), age at first full birth (<23 vs. ≥ 23 years old), parity (nulliparous, 1 or 2, and >3), lactation (yes/no), use of medications to suppress lactation (yes/no), abortions and miscarriages (yes/no), age at menopause for postmenopausal women (≤ 50 and >50 years old), use of HRT for more than 2 months (yes/no), use of oral contraceptives for more than 2 months (yes/no), family history of breast cancer in a first degree relative (yes/no), history of benign breast disease (yes/no), obesity on the day of the interview (BMI ≤ 29 kg/m2 vs. BMI>29 kg/m2, median value for the study population) and radiation history of the chest (yes/no).
Immunohistochemical study
For this study, tumour blocks were successfully retrieved in 378 (98.4%) and in 377 (98.17%) of the 384 interviewed cases for the immunohistochemical detection of HER-2/neu protein and hormone-receptor expression, respectively.
Immunohistochemical detection and scoring of the HER-2/neu protein expression
Immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody CB11 (NCLCB11, Novocastra Laboratories, UK 12 8EW), at a dilution of 1/50 with incubation period of 60 min, was performed using the OPTIMAX automated system with the Super Sensitive Link-Label Detection System RTU Multilink AP/Fast Red, QA200OXE (purchased from Biogenex Laboratories, San Ramon CA 94583 USA), following antigen retrieval by microwave pre-treatment at 500 Watts for 3 × 5 min in citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 6). Sections from breast cancer of known positivity were used as positive controls. Negative controls were processed by omitting the primary antibody and substituting non-immune serum. Scoring was based on the criteria recommended by DAKO A/S for the HercepTest [14]. Only membrane staining pattern and intensity were scored using the 0–3+ scale: scores of 0–1+ were considered negative, score 2+ was considered weak positive-need for FISH, and score 3+ was considered (strongly) positive.
Immunohistochemical detection and scoring of estrogen and progesterone receptors
Three (3) μm-thick sections taken on negatively-charged (SuperFrostPlus) slides were dewaxed in xylene, and rehydrated through graded alcohols. Following antigen retrieval by microwave pre-treatment at 500 W for 3 × 5 min in citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 6), estrogen receptor (ERa) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry using the same automated system and detection kit as above, and primary monoclonal antibodies to ERa (DAKO M7047) and PR (Biogenex code # MU 328-UC) at dilutions of 1/50 and 1/20, respectively, with incubation time 60', at room temperature. Positive and negative controls were processed as above. Positive nuclei counting was performed at a final magnification of 400× (Teaching double-headed NICON, ECLIPSE E400 microscope, equipped with CFI 10X/22 oculars). After scanning at a final magnification of 100× for locating the areas with highest density of ER+ or PR+ carcinoma cell nuclei (hot spots), a 40X/¥/0.17 WD 0.65 objective lens was used for cell counting. All carcinoma cells in three hot spots per immunostained slide were evaluated by two pathologists working simultaneously, though independently, and the mean of the two independent counts was considered the final counting value for each field and hot spot. The ratio of the ER+ or PR+ carcinoma cell nuclei was recorded separately for each of the hot spots. The final immunoreactivity index (score) was calculated as the mean percentage of ER+ or PR+ carcinoma cell nuclei in the three hot spots. Specimens were interpreted as positive for ER or PR if at least 10% of the cells demonstrated nuclear staining of any intensity of reactivity, from 1+ to 3+. Staining intensity was graded as negative (0), weak (1+), intermediate (2+) or strong (3+), and reported separately. A mean value of intensity was assigned for specimens in which the staining intensity varied from field to field, and/or from hot spot to hot spot.
Statistical analysis
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI (confidence intervals), as approximators of relative risk, were calculated to measure the association of the groups of breast cancer and the risk factors, using the chi-square (χ2) test. A p value <0.05 was defined as significant. The potential association between breast cancers stratified by HER-2/neu status and well known predisposing factors was further investigated by using a stepwise logistic regression analysis (backward LR), testing the independent effect of breast cancer risk factors (independent variables) on breast cancer (dependent variable) for all women and also separately for premenopausal and postmenopausal females. In addition, we undertook further stratification with estrogen receptor status by using the same multivariate logistic regression model. These patient-controls odds ratios helped us to detect the pattern of heterogeneity and to explore plausible aetiological correlations between patient subgroups. Additionally, case-case odds ratios were calculated in order to measure the risk heterogeneity between HER-2/neu+ and HER-2/neu-tumours. It seems that the departure of the OR from unity can reveal the degree of heterogeneity between these subgroups [15].
Characteristics of the participants
Factors | Cases N = 384 n(%) | Controls N = 566 n(%) | OR1 (95% CI) | OR2 (95% CI) |
Age at interview | ||||
≤ 50 years | 138(36) | 178(31) | 1.00 | |
>50 years | 246(64) | 388(69) | 0.82(0.62–1.08) | NS |
Area of residence | ||||
rural | 189(49) | 292(52) | 1.00 | |
urban | 195(51) | 274(48) | 0.91(0.70–1.18) | NS |
Menopausal status | ||||
Pre/perimenopausal | 134(35) | 170(30) | 1.00 | |
Postmenopausal | 250(65) | 396(70) | 0.80(0.60–1.06) | NS |
Age at menopause 3 | ||||
≤ 50 years | 144(59) | 252(64) | 1.00 | |
>50 years | 102(41) | 140(36) | 1.28(0.92–1.77) | NS |
Age of menarche | ||||
≤ 12 years | 155(40) | 150(27) | 1.86(1.41–2.45) | |
>12 years | 229(60) | 412(73) | 1.00 | NS |
Use of oral contraceptives | ||||
no | 341(89) | 548(97) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
yes | 43(11) | 18(3) | 3.84(2.18–6.77) | 4.40(1.46–13.28) |
Use of HRT 3 | ||||
no | 231(92) | 393(99) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
yes | 19(8) | 3(1) | 10.78(3.15–36.81) | 7.34(2.03–26.53) |
First degree family history | ||||
no | 341(89) | 522(92) | 1.00 | |
yes | 43(11) | 44(8) | 1.5(0.96–2.33) | NS |
Age at first full pregnancy | ||||
<23 years | 106(35) | 239(50) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥ 23 years | 197(65) | 242(50) | 1.84(1.37–2.47) | 1.91(1.29–2.83) |
Parity | ||||
nulliparous | 79(20) | 78(14) | 1.00 | |
3 plus | 130(34) | 233(41) | 0.55(0.38–0.80) | NS |
Abortion or miscarriage | ||||
no | 183(57) | 247(50) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
yes | 138(43) | 248(50) | 0.75(0.57–0.99) | 0.56(0.38–0.82) |
Lactation | ||||
no | 67(22) | 84(17) | 1.00 | |
yes | 238(78) | 404(82) | 0.74(0.52–1.06) | NS |
Medication to suppress lactation | ||||
no | 273(90) | 438(90) | 1.00 | |
yes | 31(10) | 50(10) | 0.99(0.62–1.60) | NS |
Radiation to the chest | ||||
no | 372(97) | 550(97) | 1.00 | |
yes | 12(3) | 16(3) | 1.11(0.52–2.37) | NS |
Body mass index | ||||
≤ 29 kg/m2 | 282(74) | 498(88) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
>29 kg/m2 | 97(26) | 68(12) | 2.52(1.79–3.55) | 3.13 (2.03–4.84) |
Benign breast disease | ||||
no | 315(82) | 472(83) | 1.00 | |
yes | 69(18) | 94(17) | 1.10(0.78–1.55) | NS |
Characteristics of the tumours of breast cancer patients1.
Tumour characteristics | HER-2/neu + n = 145 (%) | HER-2/neu- n = 233 (%) | p value |
Age at interview | 0.533 | ||
≤ 50 years | 55 (40) | 81 (60) | |
>50 years | 90 (37) | 152 (63) | |
Staging | 0.106 | ||
Unknown | 17 (57) | 13 (43) | |
Tumour size | 0.161 | ||
Unknown | 15 (48) | 16 (52) | |
Menopausal status | 0.762 | ||
Pre/perimenopausal | 52 (40) | 80 (60) | |
Postmenopausal | 93 (38) | 153 (62) | |
Grading | 0.577 | ||
Unknown | 14 (35) | 26 (65) | |
Node Status | 0.119 | ||
Negative | 55 (33) | 112 (67) | |
Positive | 89 (43) | 118 (57) | |
Unknown | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | |
Estrogen receptor status | 0.108 | ||
Er+ | 60 (33) | 120 (67) | |
Er - | 85 (43) | 112 (57) | |
Unknown | 1 | ||
Progesterone receptor status | 0.038 | ||
Pr+ | 49 (49) | 52 (51) | |
Pr- | 96 (35) | 180 (65) | |
Unknown | 1 |
Menopausal status and estrogen receptor stratification
Multivariate analysis of risk factors and HER-2/neu overexpression according to menopausal status
Risk Factors | HER-2/neu+ Cases/controls OR (95% CI) | HER-2/neu-Cases/controls OR (95% CI) | Ratio of the OR's Cases+/cases- OR (95% CI) |
Age at first full pregnancy(≥ 23 years) | NS | 3.56(1.70–7.46) | NS |
Body mass index(>29 kg/m2) | NS | 6.89(2.23–21.25) | NS |
Abortion or miscarriage(ever) | NS | 0.49(0.23–1.05) | 3.12 (1.18–8.24) |
First degree family history(positive) | NS | 3.30(1.10–9.96) | 0.09 (0.01–0.85) |
Use of oral contraceptives (ever) | NS | 11.19(3.7–33.84) | 0.16 (0.04–0.60) |
Age of menarche (≤ 12 years) | 2.09 (0.99–4.42) | NS | NS |
Age at first full pregnancy(≥ 23 years) | 2.19(1.23–3.91) | 1.66(1.03–2.66) | NS |
Body mass index(>29 kg/m2) | 4.83(2.75–8.49) | 2.67(1.56–4.55) | 2.23 (1.20–4.15) |
Abortion or miscarriage(ever) | 0.50(0.28–0.88) | 0.62(0.39–0.97) | NS |
First degree family history(positive) | NS | 2.23(1.08–4.63) | NS |
Use of estrogens (ever) | NS | 10.70(2.71–42.31) | 0.21 (0.04–1.08) |
Use of oral contraceptives (ever) | NS | 6.47(1.89–22.16) | NS |
Age of menarche (≤ 12 years) | NS | 1.72(1.07–2.75) | 0.54 (0.28–1.04) |
Age at first full pregnancy(≥ 23 years) | 2.19(1.23–3.91) | 1.66 (1.03–2.66) | NS |
Body mass index(>29 kg/m2) | 4.83(2.75–8.49) | 2.67(1.56–4.55) | 2.23(1.20–4.15) |
Abortion or miscarriage(ever) | 0.50(0.28–0.88) | 0.62(0.39–0.97) | NS |
First degree family history(positive) | NS | 2.23(1.08–4.63) | NS |
Use of estrogens (ever) | NS | 10.70(2.71–42.31) | 0.21 (0.04–1.08) |
Use of oral contraceptives (ever) | NS | 6.47(1.88–22.16) | NS |
Age of menarche (≤ 12 years) | NS | 1.72(1.07–2.75) | 0.54 (0.28–1.04) |
The results of logistic regression were identical for all women and the postmenopausal groups of patients due to the large sample size. Patients with an age of menarche ≤ 12 years (OR = 1.72, 95%C.I: 1.07–2.75), first degree family history (OR = 2.23, 95%C.I:1.08–4.63), use of HRT (OR = 10.70, 95%C.I: 2.71–42.31) or OC (OR = 6.47, 95%C.I:1.89–22.16) were at increased risk of developing HER-2/neu-breast cancer only, although the significance of the latter two factors was of little value due to the limited sample size. On the other hand, an age at first full pregnancy ≥ 23 years and a BMI greater than 29 kg/m2 increased breast cancer risk independently of HER-2/neu status, while a history of abortion decreased risk in the same way. In the case to case comparison only BMI >29 kg/m2 revealed a relative stronger connection with positive than with negative HER-2/neu tumours (ratio of OR's = 2.23, 95%C.I: 1.20–4.15, p = 0.011) and this may indicate an evidence of heterogeneity of a rather significant degree for this factor. The stronger association between an age at menarche ≤ 12 years, use of HRT and negative as opposed to positive HER-2/neu status did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.067 and p = 0.062, respectively).
Multivariate analysis of risk factors and HER-2/neu overexpression according to ER1 status.
Risk Factors | HER-2/neu+ Cases/controls OR2 (95% CI3) | HER-2/neu-Cases/controls OR (95% CI) | Ratio of the OR's Cases+/cases- OR (95% CI) |
ER + cases | |||
Body mass index(>29 kg/m2) | 5.59 (2.58–12.13) | 2.84 (1.52–5.32) | NS |
Age at 1st pregnancy (≥ 23 years) | 2.09 (0.97–4.53) | NS | NS |
First degree family history (positive) | NS | 2.18 (0.92–5.14) | NS |
Abortion or miscarriage (ever) | 0.44 (0.20–0.95) | 0.56 (0.32–0.99) | NS |
ER – cases | |||
Body mass index(>29 kg/m2) | 5.33 (2.59–10.94) | 2.41 (1.15–5.04) | 2.46 (0.97–6.21) |
Age at 1st pregnancy (≥ 23 years) | 2.37 (1.08–5.18) | 1.78 (0.93–3.42) | NS |
First degree family history (positive) | NS | 2.72 (1.05–7.07) | NS |
Age of menopause (>50 years) | NS | 2.05 (1.10–3.79) | NS |
Parity (1–2 children) | NS | 2.38 (1.21–4.67) | NS |
This epidemiological study, conducted in a low incidence Mediterranean population, [16] found that obesity was related with postmenopausal breast tumours that overexpress HER-2/neu oncoprotein. In fact, increased BMI elevated risk in both groups, but the comparison between HER-2/neu+ and HER-2/neu- tumours revealed a much stronger association with HER-2/neu+ breast cancers.
Very few studies have examined the possibility whether HER-2/neu status can help discriminate aetiologically distinct subgroups of breast cancer cases, and none of them has identified the effect of increased BMI with HER-2/neu positive tumours [3, 5, 7–9].
More specifically, in contrast with other investigators who have shown an elevated risk for HER-2/neu+ tumours with an early age at first full pregnancy, we found a strong elevated risk with a late age regardless of HER-2/neu protein expression [3]. Previous findings suggested an inverse relationship between abortion and HER-2/neu+ breast cancers, while we also found this inverse association but independently of HER-2/neu status [7]. Interestingly enough, abortion increased risk for HER-2/neu+ tumours only in the premenopausal group of women. Early contraceptive use has been positively associated with HER-2/neu+ breast cancer in two studies [7, 8], but our findings were different, revealing a positive association with HER-2/neu negative tumours. However, because the number of oral contraceptive (and HRT) users in this study was small, this subgroup analysis was hindered by decreased power to detect associations of any magnitude. The slightly protective effect of parity found in the age-adjusted analysis was diminished after logistic regression and did not reveal any association with HER-2/neu status, in contrast with previous findings [7]. Breastfeeding was associated with increased risks for breast cancer in women with HER-2/neu positive tumours in one study while other investigators reported opposite results [3, 9]. Although our study population showed a remarkable lactation incidence (almost 80% of the participants) we found no associations at all.
Our findings have similarities and differences with respect to previous reports that examined the associations of breast risk factors with HER-2/neu status. This inconsistency may reflect differences in study design, populations, and laboratory methodology. In this study we used immunochemistry (CB11 monoclonal antibody) to assess the HER-2/neu protein overexpression, which is highly correlated with gene amplification according to previous reports [2, 4]. Also, the percentage of women with breast cancer and HER-2/neu protein overexpression found here was within the limits reported elsewhere [3, 5–9].
This lack of relationship between HER-2/neu protein overexpression and most of the hormone-related breast cancer risk factors does not completely agree with several hypotheses which have maintained that combined estrogen and HER-2/neu activation is closely involved in the same pathway in breast cancer carcinogenesis [17, 18].
The only hormone-related factor that was found to be related with HER-2/neu positive tumours in our study was high body mass index, which is an established risk factor that has an estrogen-mediated oncogenic effect on the mammary gland. More specifically, obesity is associated with higher breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women through greater lifetime exposure to higher levels of estrogens produced in adipose tissue and lower SHBG production [19, 20]. Higher levels of circulating estrogens enhance the rate of cell division, and this hormone-induced cellular proliferation can result in somatic mutations and finally lead to a malignant change. These alterations involve many genes, including those concerned with hormone metabolism and transport, DNA repair, as well as tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes such as the HER-2/neu gene [18, 21]. According to some investigators, circulating estrogens can stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation, not only through hormone receptors, but also through the HER-2/neu receptor, and so promote carcinogenesis through common means [4, 17, 18].
Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have shown the strong relationship between HER-2/neu-positivity and lack of hormone receptor expression in breast tumours [2, 10, 18, 22]. In our study, HER-2/neu positive tumours were weakly related with the absence of estrogen receptors, although this was not statistically significant (see table 2). Because different ER status can result in different correlations between risk factors and HER-2/neu+ breast cancer, it is always important to examine these interactions under ER stratification [8]. Since antiestrogens can lower HER-2/neu levels in ER negative tumours, it is possible that an excess of estrogens can stimulate HER-2/neu in these tumours [8, 18]. This mechanism could explain the stronger association between obesity (a situation with an overload of estrogens as mentioned above) and HER-2/neu-positivity among ER negative patients that was found in the present study (see table 5).
The interview was conducted during the subjects' first visit to the unit and before clinical examination or any other intervention took place. This constitutes an advantage, because there was no chance that the subjects (both cases and controls) would be influenced by the diagnosis and might therefore falsely inflate the relative risk. Thus, the likelihood of recall bias is not high, improving the comparability of several covariates in both groups, and the selection bias is lessened since all subjects had taken the same route through the Breast Unit's standard routine procedures.
Since each case group was compared with the same control group, any selection bias would be expected to have a similar effect on the estimates in the tumour subgroups. Thus, it is extremely unlikely that recall bias issues would apply only to those cases in a specific HER-2/neu status subgroup. Some caution regarding our findings is related to the size of the study group. In the analyses stratified by HER-2/neu and menopausal or ER status numbers are quite small and for some risk estimates the confidence intervals are wide and the estimates of risk unstable.
In conclusion, our study did not confirm that the established or putative hormonal breast cancer risk factors differ regarding their relations with HER-2/neu+ versus HER-2/neu-breast tumours, with the exception of increased BMI. Further innovative studies with larger sample sizes are needed to examine how the status of these potentially modifiable breast cancer risk factors interacts with biological markers such as HER-2/neu oncoprotein. Their findings will provide us with greater insight into breast cancer aetiology and will help us identify any association that would help discriminate subgroups of women at higher risk.
epidermal growth factor receptor, HRT: hormone
- replacement therapy:
BMI: body mass index, SHBG: sex hormone-binding protein, ER: estrogen receptor, PR: progesterone receptor, OC: oral contraceptives.
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Pre-publication history
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The desk organizer measures 19"x24" and is made from recycled materials. It has a clear overlay to keep papers in place.
I plan on using the organizer under my paper cutter to keep from scratching my work table. The surface is very durable and washable. It has Metric and English rulers on the overlay.
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Through Indian Eyes The Untold Storie of Native American Peoples
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Through Indian Eyes offers a new and fascinating look at our common history as the first Americans experienced it -- "facing east," as one native writer put it. The book is lavishly illustrated, with hundreds of photographs, paintings, drawings, maps, original illustrations, rare archival images -- and an abundance of work by native artists that reveals how they saw themselves and their world.
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The early-evening ceremony was held at the First Presbyterian Church of Navasota, near Jarod's family's ranch. "I wanted our ceremony to be in a beautiful, historic church," Chandra says. "I thought the stained-glass windows and timber trusses at First Presbyterian were gorgeous."
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