text:
A Spatial Cost of Living Index for Colombia using a Microeconomic Approach and Censored Data
This paper describes a methodology to calculate a spatial cost of living index using Colombian data for 2006 that takes into consideration the microeconomic behavior of households. Using the Almost Ideal Demand System and recovering the expenditure functions for the 23 main Colombian cities, the index proposed is compared to the traditional methodologies used to calculate the regional basket of goods in the country and to an alternative methodology proposed by Romero (2005). This comparison suggests that when the substitution effects are not considered, and the same basket of goods is evaluated in every city, the index is biased, and this bias increases when the diference between cities increases. For reducing the bias, we use a microeconomic approach that keeps the households' level of utility constant and allows substitution among diferent baskets of goods. According to our calculations, Bogota is still the most expensive city in the country followed by Armenia, Cali, Bucaramanga and Ibague.
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Date of creation: | 29 Apr 2011 |
Handle: | RePEc:pra:mprapa:30580 |
Contact details of provider: | Postal: Ludwigstraße 33, D-80539 Munich, Germany Phone: +49-(0)89-2180-2459 Fax: +49-(0)89-2180-992459 Web page: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de More information through EDIRC |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Russel J. Cooper & Keith R. McLaren, 1992. "An Empirically Oriented Demand System with Improved Regularity Properties," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 25(3), pages 652-668, August.
- Braithwait, Steven D, 1980. "The Substitution Bias of the Laspeyres Price Index: An Analysis Using Estimated Cost-of-Living Indexes," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(1), pages 64-77, March.
- Keen, Michael, 1986. "Zero Expenditures and the Estimation of Engel Curves," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 1(3), pages 277-286, July.
- Jorge Barrientos Marín, 2009.
"On the Consumer Behavior in Urban Colombia: The Case of Bogotá,"
BANCO DE LA REPÚBLICA - ESPE, vol. 27(59), pages 83-99, June.
- Jorge Barrientos Marín, 2009. "On The Consumer Behavior In Urban Colombia: The Case Of Bogotá," Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 27(59), pages 83-99, Junio.
- Koo, Jahyeong & Phillips, Keith R. & Sigalla, Fiona, 1997.
"Measuring regional cost of living,"
Working Papers
9713, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
- Koo, Jahyeong & Phillips, Keith R & Sigalla, Fiona D, 2000. "Measuring Regional Cost of Living," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 18(1), pages 127-136, January.
- Deaton, Angus S & Muellbauer, John, 1980. "An Almost Ideal Demand System," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(3), pages 312-326, June.
- Dusan Paredes, 2011. "A methodology to compute regional housing price index using matching estimator methods," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 46(1), pages 139-157, February.
- Deaton, Angus, 1987. "Estimation of own- and cross-price elasticities from household survey data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1-2), pages 7-30.
- Timmins, Christopher, 2006. "Estimating spatial differences in the Brazilian cost of living with household location choices," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(1), pages 59-83, June.
- Reinhold Kosfeld & Hans-Friedrich Eckey & Matthias Türck, 2008. "New economic geography and regional price level," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), vol. 28(1), pages 43-60, February.
- Heien, Dale & Wessells, Cathy Roheim, 1990. "Demand Systems Estimation with Microdata: A Censored Regression Approach," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 8(3), pages 365-371, July.
- Federico Perali & Jean-Paul Chavas, 2000. "Estimation of Censored Demand Equations from Large Cross-Section Data," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 82(4), pages 1022-1037.
- Ray, Ranjan, 1983. "Measuring the costs of children : An alternative approach," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 89-102, October.
- Dusan Paredes & Patricio Aroca, 2008. "Metodología para Estimar un Indice Regional de Costo de Vivienda en Chile," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 45(131), pages 129-143.
- Robert A. Pollak, 1998. "The Consumer Price Index: A Research Agenda and Three Proposals," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 12(1), pages 69-78, Winter.
- J. Scott Shonkwiler & Steven T. Yen, 1999. "Two-Step Estimation of a Censored System of Equations," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 81(4), pages 972-982.
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text: + Article code: BNDJH-109 Double Jewelled Curved Barbell with Dangle Surgical Steel 316L Please select M Show off your belly button piercing with this glamorous curved barbell made of surgical steel. With sparkling jewelled balls and dangle available in different colors to match your skin tone. Check them out and take your pick! Tags: stone, banana, surgical steel 316L, pendant, crystal stone $4.20 + - Add to cart Add to watchlist

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Drop tower is the most common ground-based facility to provide microgravity environment and widely used in many science experiments. A differential space accelerometer has been proposed to test the spin-gravity interaction between rotating extended bodies onboard a drag-free satellite. In order to assist design and test of this inertial sensor in a series… (More)
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Creative Essence inspires creative and emotional expression and gives courage and clarity in public speaking and singing. This Essence frees the voice. It also helps to clear creative blocks and to find creative solutions in all of life´s pursuits.
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Nick Robinson — presenter of BBC Radio Four's Today show, committed the grave mistake of announcing Santa isn't real, on a live radio broadcast. The poor dude failed to lend a little thought and deliberation into what he was saying, and who he was talking to; and he felt the burning pains of Twitter-triggered regret shortly after. It was inevitable, unfortunately. There was no scenario involving BBC suggesting that the 'Father of Christmas' was nothing more than well, a 'father', that wouldn't instantly make the hate-juices to flow.
Sketchy Santas is open for the season! Click on through 'till your little round belly shakes when you laugh like a bowl full of jelly.
If you've got time to visit a kajillion houses in one night, you certainly have the time to click a button 200 million times.
This is why Santa won't be coming this year.


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Education, K-12, Language Courses
FollowLanguage Courses | 4 |
Education | 7 |
Learn French in coffee-break lessons from the Radio Lingua Network. In each lesson we'll focus on the language you need to know and before long you'll be making yourself understood with native French speakers. Season 1 lessons are for absolute beginners, and the courses increase in difficulty as the seasons progress.
September 30th, 2009
Episode 133 of 469 episodes
Coming up in this lesson: In Lesson 27 we're building on the verbal constructions we've been learning over the past few weeks and introducing the phrase après avoir fait quelque chose. This lesson also explains what happens when an être verb is used with this construction. Please note that lesson 27 of Season 2 was […]
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Caroline Feraday and Claire Bullivant on Brits in Hollywood, and Hollywood through the eyes of Brits.


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Computed tomography (CT) has been applied previously for assessment of canine spinal disease using a multitude of different technical imaging parameters. The purpose of this study was to establish an optimized imaging protocol for the cervical and lumbar canine spine using a single-detector-row helical CT unit. Thin slice thickness (1-2mm), low pitch (axial… (More)
Forty-six dogs with either cervical (C1-C5 or C6-T2) or thoracolumbar (T3-L3) acute myelopathy underwent prospective conventional computed tomography (CT), angiographic CT, myelography, and CT myelography. Findings were confirmed at either surgery or necropsy. Seventy-eight percent of lesions were extradural, 11% were extradural with an intramedullary… (More)
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Yankees Opening Day starters all-time
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Meet the 58 men who have toed the rubber for the Yankees on Opening Day since 1901.
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All-Long Island girls basketball second team 2017
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Droog - Unregistered October 12, 2011 5:46 PM See Oct 7 - Mallya 'shocked' by 'Force India for sale' rumours Really? Shocked? Methinks VJ is getting a little burned out, too much on too many plates at once. Class act of a team though, well done to get where they are right now. 7 agree 0 disagree
107SS2009 October 12, 2011 6:54 PM Mallya "shocked" by "Force India for sale" rumours. Who is going to believe one single word Mallya might say from now on? Reply Report abuse 6 agree 1 disagree


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Looking For Fresh Sermon Inspiration?
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Lesson 4- God is the Source of all Blessings
Psalms 1:1-3
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Topics: The Blessed Man
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The Blessed Man has placed as his first priority of life, his relationship to God. "…his delight is in the law of the LORD…".
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His Father Tried To Kill Him And You Need To Hear Him Play The Piano
78-year-old Norman Malone fell in love with the piano at 5 years old and dreamt of playing on the big stage. That was all before his father tired to kill him and left him with only one working hand. Norman stayed positive and continued to play the music he loved. And now he's getting his chance to play the music he's always loved. And you're going to need the tissues to listen. God bless this man's spirit!
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2006-07-26, 09:40 | Link #242 |
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2004
Age: 36
I just found out that there's a REC game planned
I have no idea what type of game it will be, but information about the game got out in the September 2006 issue of the seinen magazine Sunday GX. I hope someone can provide this info about the game >.<
2006-07-26, 16:03 | Link #244 |
Crazy Devout Fanboy
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: 1st Ra Cailum-class battleship Ra Cailum, port-side officer's bunks
What the heck would a REC game be about? The only thing I can think of it being would be a novel game like F/SN and Demonbane. Maybe it'll pick up on the story of the manga where the anime left off? The anime only covered volume 1, after all. lol
2006-07-26, 16:04 | Link #245 | |
Join Date: Feb 2006
Age: 33
We didn't upsize any of REC. It aired on BS-i which is a digital HD station. Oh and DVD episode is out now, just so you know :>
2006-07-26, 16:44 | Link #247 |
Obey the Darkly Cute ...
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: On the whole, I'd rather be in Kyoto ...
Age: 59
The episodes are quick, concise, and almost zero filler. Like the HanTsuki short series... these seem like discipline exercises for the writers to improve their story telling skills. The results are very good.
2006-07-26, 18:02 | Link #250 | |
makes no files now
Join Date: May 2006
I did some more comparisons and I came to a conclusion(ahem, my explanation) that BS must have had the episodes in ->(I believe it was 480p, my knowledge here is limited) and upscaled it for HD to 720p). The DVD only episode has got a different resolution, smaller than the TV versions. Hasn't there been a drinking episode already???
2006-07-27, 08:09 | Link #252 | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2006
And thank you for subbing 7.5 |
2006-07-27, 10:58 | Link #254 | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2006
Anyhow just watched the episode, very nice indeed; you know, just watching this makes brings back all that REC goodness, I LOL'ed and yet felt sad at the same time when Aka said, in cute "pouting" tone, that line from The Unforgiven; so fitting and delivered with such loving resentment. And with Tanaka later, trying so hard to carry her, again hilarious, yet very touching at the same time. Her little pouts and reactions when Matsu was with Tanaka ~ giving even more insight into her love. Chock full of other little hilarious moments. Hatakeda and Aka the talking cat. LOL. This is one meaningful and fun romance series. aliensporebomb, you wont regret trying it. And OH WOW theres a lovely ED in this episode!!1! They didnt have that in the ones that aired.. |
2006-07-27, 13:56 | Link #255 |
Obey the Darkly Cute ...
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: On the whole, I'd rather be in Kyoto ...
Age: 59
Sometimes encoding algorithms win over size... this is just an example of that.
I'm still kind of mixed about h.264 but thats a topic for another thread.
2006-07-27, 16:13 | Link #256 |
Senior Member
Was almost late for work this morning - got to episode 7 and am enjoying
it thoroughly. Likeable characters. More commentary after I've watched it all. I could stand to see more of this kind of thing too, pretty nicely done in terms of the pacing - even though they're 11 minute episodes they don't feel like they're that short - the pacing is excellently done surprisingly.
2006-07-28, 08:58 | Link #257 |
Senior Member
Okay, watched the whole thing and loved it.
The OVA episode was predictably hilarious but I was hoping our heroine would be a wee bit more jealous than was displayed. Just the right mix of comedy/romance/seriousness - I'd like to see a second season and perhaps wee bit longer episodes but the pacing was surprisingly good in the shortness we had. This did remind me of "If I See You In My Dreams" since that was basically an office drama too (although with a depressing ending) with adults as the main characters. I think I like this one better because the lows were brutal but the highs were pretty high - our hero can be surprisingly thoughtful when he wants to be and I think that's what endeared our heroine to him. And Aka herself had enough youthful enthusiasm and exberance to pull Matsumaru out of "I'm only 26 but I seem like a 55 year old depressed guy looking back on my life with nothing to show for it". Does every anime male protagonist have zero confidence? And, hey, it works in real life too. The woman I married was just about six years younger than myself (and with similar exuberant qualities) so all the Otaku who says it can't happen, well, they are wrong.
Last edited by aliensporebomb; 2006-07-28 at 12:58. |
2006-07-28, 12:24 | Link #258 |
Obey the Darkly Cute ...
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: On the whole, I'd rather be in Kyoto ...
Age: 59
Just watched the episode 7.5 ... predictable plot but funny execution (reminded me a bit of an "I Love Lucy" homage). Lots of Aka eyecatches in the ED.
Mostly it reminded me how much I enjoyed watching this series.
2006-07-29, 10:32 | Link #260 | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2006
Tags |
romance, seinen |
Thread Tools | |


text:
Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X.2
Version and / or Patch Used: Benchmark Demo
Timedemo or Level Used: Built-in Test
Developer Homepage: http://www.ubi.com/UK/default.aspx
Product Homepage: http://www.hawxgame.com/
Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X. 2 is an arcade-style flight action game developed by Ubisoft Romania and published by Ubisoft. The game is the sequel to Tom Clancy's H.A.W.X., released in 2009.
The game begins with Colonel David Crenshaw participating in a routine patrol mission in the Middle East. After halting an insurgent attack, a volley of missiles is fired at the Air Force base that Crenshaw was stationed at, with one of the missiles disabling Crenshaw's aircraft, resulting Crenshaw being in enemy captivity. A joint strike force composed of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, and a Ghost Recon squad executes an operation to rescue Crenshaw. In Scotland, Royal Navy Pilot Colin Munro encounters an unidentified passenger aircraft that explodes from an on-board bomb when undergoing training exercise. In Russia, an air force squadron led by Colonel Denisov and Captain Dmitri Sokov engages separatist aircraft but is ordered to retreat from the region after numerous Russian military installations have been attacked.
H.A.W.X. 2 already sees very strong performance, but across the board you can see a massive boost in performance with the numbers sitting at double over the HD 6970. Of course, H.A.W.X. 2 has never been kind to AMD cards.
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The staff at the South Pointe Middle School Library – Media Center strive to be an integral part of your school experience. We are dedicated to providing the best resources and services available.
Come and enjoy the newest titles in our collection and all that the Library-Media Center has to offer. Listen to KSPS for special events and activities.
Monday – Wednesday: 7:00am – 3:20pm
Thursday (Late Start) – 8:30am – 3:20pm
Friday – 7:00am – 2:30pm
Simply install the BRYTWAVE K-12 App on any device.
Log in using your classroom username and password from any wifi location.
Watch for our new computers, coming soon!
Please note: Electronic devices are always welcome in the Library/Media Center as long as their use does not disturb others. It is up to the discretion of each teacher whether or not to allow electronic devices in their classrooms. South Pointe Middle School and the Walnut Valley Unified School District assume no liability for electronic devices brought onto campus.


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Plans for an Eden Project Nursery
We're proposing to create a local nursery where some 80% of children's time is spent outside, as part of a new eco-community just a few miles away from the Eden Project.
Together with the Atlantic Centre of Excellence Trust (ACE), we've submitted an application to create and manage a nature-inspired nursery as part of the proposed ACE Sky Academy primary school.
It forms part of the plans for West Carclaze Eco-Community, and the idea is that it provides the key first step for the youngest children of the area in becoming globally and environmentally aware and fully prepared for life and learning in the 21st century.
What sort of activities pupils will do
Up to 60 three- and four-year-old children will have the fabulous opportunity to spend around 80% of their time in a stimulating, safe and ever-changing outdoor environment. Here a just few examples of activities:
- Learning through nature, nurturing children's love of learning and giving them varied opportunities for vocabulary development.
- Taking care of wildlife and animals, to develop personal, social and emotional skills.
- A campfire, where pupils can cook, share food, chat and sing together, as well as foster social skills and gain an understanding of risk.
- Growing, gardening and cooking, encouraging children to try novel and healthy foods.
What the nursery will look like
There'll certainly be a stimulating outdoor landscape, which the pupils themselves will have the opportunity to shape alongside staff. This shaping and changing of the world around them is a key citizenship skill.
There will also, of course, be a cosy, welcoming indoor base. The primary school and nursery buildings are to be as self-sufficient as possible, potentially featuring ground source or geothermal heating, PV solar panels, water harvesting and energy efficient lighting.
Who it's for
The nursery will serve primarily the growing eco-community at West Carclaze as well as meeting the wider local need. It's anticipated that many of ACE Sky Academy's children will enter their reception year having attended the nursery.
Why Eden is involved
The nursery capitalises on Eden's expertise in using the outdoors as an enabling environment for learning. We are true advocates of the outdoor learning approach and believe that it leads to significant benefits for children's health, happiness, well-being and development; in their relationship to nature and each other; and that it is the best start to formal education.
When it's all happening
A funding application was submitted in September 2016, and it's hoped that the nursery school will open in September 2018, subject to permission.
Tell us what you think
You can make your opinion heard on these plans by completing ACE's online questionnaire.


text:
NORMAN, Okla. -- On Wednesday, Feb. 5, the University of Oklahoma will provide its most extensive Signing Day coverage ever. Oklahoma's multi-platform distribution will include TV, digital and social mediums, bringing Sooner fans the most comprehensive coverage available.
OU's digital media team will be stationed in the football recruiting office beginning at 7 a.m. (CT), ready to announce when the first letter comes across the fax machine. Prospects are not officially Sooners until their NLIs are verified by the OU compliance office, and as soon as they are we will break news on the official @OU_Football Twitter feed.
Throughout the day, SoonerSports.com will provide the most complete information on the newest Sooners including bios, stats and highlights, as well as comments and scouting reports direct from OU's coaches.
Starting at 9 a.m., Sooner Sports TV's live coverage from the Switzer Center kicks off on FS Southwest and SoonerSports.tv. Head coach Bob Stoops and OU assistants will break down the latest signees on the Signing Day Morning Recap from 9-11 a.m. Coverage continues in the afternoon with Coach Stoops' press conference, concluding with the Signing Day Special at 5:30 p.m.
Shows will air on the FOX Sports outlets listed below and will also be live streamed on SoonerSports.tv and SoonerSports2Go (iOSĀ|ĀAndroid). A premium subscription to SoonerSports.tv is required for online and mobile streaming. Subscriptions are available for $9.99/month or $79.99/year. For complete information, click here.Ā
ĀSooner Sports TV Live Coverage | ||||
ĀTime | ĀProgram | ĀTV | ĀOnline | ĀMobile |
Ā9 a.m. | ĀMorning Recap | ĀFSSW/FCSC | ĀSoonerSports.tv | ĀSoonerSports2Go |
Ā2:30 p.m. | ĀPress Conference Live | Ā- | ĀSoonerSports.tv | ĀSoonerSports2Go |
Ā4 p.m. | ĀPress Conference Show | ĀFSSW/FCSC | Ā- | Ā- |
Ā5:30 p.m. | ĀSigning Day Special | ĀFSOK | ĀSoonerSports.tvĀ | ĀSoonerSports2Go |
TV Info: Complete Schedule | Channel Listings
Online: Streaming Schedule | Subscription Options
Mobile Apps: SoonerSports2Go for iOS | Android


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Elefantti Umbrella
Durable and stylish umbrellas by Finlayson. Choose from a selecstion of different designs. Find your favorite and stay dry!
• Material of the cover is 100% polyester • Wooden handle• Diameter of the coverage area is 103 cm• Length of the handle is 91cm• Color of the product is turquoise• Storm mechanism restores the umbrellas shape• Umbrella opens by pressing the release button• Designed in Finland, made in China


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Celebrate a full decade of King James's signature Soldier series with the Nike LeBron Soldier 10 (844374-016), released 07/01/2016. These high-performance basketball sneakers feature a 3-layer upper featuring stretch lining, perforated foam, and textile dimensions for ultra-lightweight functionality and breathable support. The 3-strap lockdown system ensures dynamic control on-the-fly, and the heel & forefoot Zoom Air units ensure plush cushioning to keep you on your feet. The solid rubber outsole features a multi-directional pattern for long-lasting durability and responsive traction. This iteration of the LeBron Solider 10 sees bold black covering the entire upper, with University red meeting inner-lining and ankle strap and icy white providing soft contrast at Swoosh branding, midsole, outsole. For sizing information, be sure to check our Size Chart. Looking for a store near you? Head over to our Store Locator.
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AVR: In-System Programming - Atmel Home- Atmel CorporationBook 4.39 MB | Ebook Pages: 111AVR910: In-System Programming Features • Complete In-System Programming Solution for AVR Microcontrollers † Covers All AVR Microcontrollers with In-System |
AN10221 In-system programming (ISP) with the Philips P89LPC932Book 1.81 MB | Ebook Pages: 249Introduction AN10221 In-system programming (ISP) with the Philips P89LPC932 microcontroller Richard Soennichsen 2003 Sep 08 Philips Semiconductors INTEGRATED CIRCUITS |
In-System Programming with 8051-Based MicrocontrollersBook 4.58 MB | Ebook Pages: 167Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Application Notes > Microcontrollers > APP 3262 Keywords: in-system programming, software upgrade, field upgrade |
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text:
Battleship Potemkin
Battleship Potemkin | |
Original Soviet release poster
Directed by | Sergei Eisenstein |
Produced by | Jacob Bliokh |
Written by |
Starring |
Music by |
Cinematography |
Edited by |
company |
Distributed by | Goskino |
Release date
Running time
75 minutes |
Country | Soviet Union |
Language |
Battleship Potemkin (Russian: Броненосец «Потёмкин», Bronenosets Patyomkin), sometimes rendered as Battleship Potyomkin, is a 1925 Soviet silent film directed by Sergei Eisenstein and produced by Mosfilm. It presents a dramatized version of the mutiny that occurred in 1905 when the crew of the Russian battleship Potemkin rebelled against their officers.
Battleship Potemkin was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958.[1][2][3]
The film is set in June 1905; the protagonists of the film are the members of the crew of the Potemkin, a battleship of the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet. Eisenstein divided the plot into five acts, each with its own title:
Act I: Men and Maggots[edit]
The scene begins with two sailors, Matyushenko and Vakulinchuk, discussing the need for the crew of the Potemkin to support the revolution taking place within Russia. While the Potemkin is anchored off the island of Tendra, off-duty sailors are sleeping in their bunks. As an officer inspects the quarters, he stumbles and takes out his aggression on a sleeping sailor. The ruckus causes Vakulinchuk to awake, and he gives a speech to the men as they come to. Vakulinchuk says, "Comrades! The time has come when we too must speak out. Why wait? All of Russia has risen! Are we to be the last?" The scene cuts to morning above deck, where sailors are remarking on the poor quality of the meat for the crew. The meat appears to be rotten and covered in worms, and the sailors say that "even a dog wouldn't eat this!" The ship's doctor, Smirnov, is called over to inspect the meat by the captain. Rather than worms, the doctor says that the insects are maggots, and they can be washed off prior to cooking. The sailors further complain about the poor quality of the rations, but the doctor declares the meat edible and ends the discussion. Senior officer Giliarovsky forces the sailors still looking over the rotten meat to leave the area, and the cook begins to prepare borscht although he too questions the quality of the meat. The crew refuses to eat the borscht, instead choosing bread and water, and canned goods. While cleaning dishes, one of the sailors sees an inscription on a plate, which reads "give us this day our daily bread." After considering the meaning of this phrase, the sailor smashes the plate and the scene ends.
Act II: Drama on the Deck[edit]
All those who refuse the meat are judged guilty of insubordination and are brought to the fore-deck where they receive religious last rites. The sailors are obliged to kneel and a canvas cover is thrown over them as a firing squad marches onto the deck. The First Officer gives the order to fire, but in response to Vakulinchuk's pleas the sailors in the firing squad lower their rifles and the uprising begins. The sailors overwhelm the outnumbered officers and take control of the ship. The officers are thrown overboard, the ship's priest is dragged out of hiding, and finally the doctor is thrown into the ocean as 'food for the fish'.
Act III: A Dead Man Calls for Justice[edit]
The mutiny is successful but Vakulinchuk, the charismatic leader of the rebels, is killed. The Potemkin arrives at the port of Odessa. Vakulinchuk's body is taken ashore and displayed publicly by his companions in a tent with a sign on his chest that says "For a spoonful of soup" (Изъ-за ложки борща). The sailors gather to make a final farewell and praise Vakulinchuk as a hero. The people of Odessa welcome the sailors, but they attract the police.
Act IV: The Odessa Steps[edit]
The best-known sequence of the film is set on the Odessa steps, connecting the waterfront with the central city. A detachment of dismounted Cossacks forms a line at the top of the steps and march towards a crowd of unarmed civilians including women and children. The soldiers halt to fire a volley into the crowd and then continue their impersonal, machine-like advance. Brief sequences show individuals amongst the people fleeing or falling, a baby's pram rolling down the steps, a woman shot in the face, broken spectacles and the high boots of the soldiers moving in unison.
In retaliation, the sailors of the Potemkin decide to fire on a military headquarters with the guns of the battleship. Meanwhile, there is news that a squadron of loyal warships is coming to quell the revolt of Potemkin.
Act V: One Against All[edit]
The sailors of the Potemkin decide to go all the way and lead the battleship from the port of Odessa to face the fleet of the Tsar. Just when the battle seems inevitable, the sailors of the formerly loyal ships incredibly refuse to open fire on their comrades, externalizing with songs and shouts of joy their solidarity with the mutineers and allowing them to pass unmolested through the fleet, waving the red flag.
- Aleksandr Antonov as Grigory Vakulinchuk (Bolshevik sailor)
- Vladimir Barsky as Commander Golikov
- Grigori Aleksandrov as Chief Officer Giliarovsky
- I. Bobrov as Young sailor flogged while sleeping
- Mikhail Gomorov as Militant sailor
- Aleksandr Levshin as Petty Officer
- N. Poltavseva as Woman with pince-nez
- Lyrkean Makeon as the Masked Man
- Konstantin Feldman as Student agitator
- Beatrice Vitoldi as Woman with the baby carriage
On the 20th anniversary of the first Russian revolution, commemorative Commission of the Central Executive Committee decided to stage a number of performances dedicated to the revolutionary events of 1905. In addition, as part of the celebrations was suggested a "grand film shown in a special program, with an oratory introduction, musical (solo and orchestral) and a dramatic accompaniment based on a specially written text".[4] Nina Agadzhanova was asked to write the script and direction of the picture was assigned to 27-year-old Sergei Eisenstein.[5]
In the original script the film was to highlight a number of episodes of the 1905 revolution: Russo-Japanese War, massacre of the Armenians, revolutionary events in St. Petersburg, Moscow uprising. Filming was supposed to be conducted in a number of cities of the USSR.[6]
Eisenstein hired many non-professional actors for the film; he sought people who had a specific type instead of famous stars.[7][6]
Shooting began on March 31, 1925. Sergei began with filming in Leningrad and had time to shoot the railway strike episode, horsecar, city at night and the strike crackdown on Sadovaya Street. Further shooting was prevented by the deterioration weather: permanent fog began. At the same time the director was placed in tight time constraints: the film was needed to be finished by the end of the year, although the script was approved only at the 4th of June. Objectively assessing the situation, Sergei Eisenstein decided to give up the original script consisting of eight episodes to focus only on one – the uprising on the battleship "Potemkin", which in the all-encompassing scenario of Agadzhanova took up only a few pages (41 frames). Sergei Eisenstein together with Grigori Aleksandrov essentially recycled and extended the script.[8] In addition during the progress of making the picture some episodes were added which were not provided by Agadzhanova's scenario or by Eisenstein's scenic sketches, such as the storm scene with which the film begins. As a result, the content of the film was very far from the original script by Agadzhanova.
The film was shot in Odessa which at that time was one of the centers of film production and where it was possible to find a suitable boat for shooting.
The first screening of the film took place December 21, 1925 at the ceremonial meeting dedicated to the anniversary of the 1905 revolution in the Bolshoi Theatre.[9][10]
The premiere took place in Moscow on January 18, 1926 in the 1st Goskinoteatre (now called the Khudozhestvenny).[11][12]
The silent film received a voice dubbing in 1930 (during the life of director Sergei Eisenstein), restored in 1950 (composer Nikolai Kryukov) and reissued in 1976 (composer Dmitri Shostakovich) at Mosfilm with the participation of the USSR State Film Fund and the Museum of S.M. Eisenstein under the artistic direction of Sergei Yutkevich.
In 1925, after sale of the film negative to Germany and reediting by director Phil Jutzi, "Battleship Potemkin" was released in the world in a different version of the author's intention: the shooting of sailors was moved from the beginning to the end of the film. Later it was subjected to censorship and in the USSR some frames and intermediate titles were removed, words of Leon Trotsky in the prologue were replaced with a quote from Lenin.[12] In 2005, under the overall guidance of the Foundation Deutsche Kinemathek, with the participation of the State Film Fund and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the author's version of the film was restored with the music by Edmund Meisel.[13]
Battleship "Prince Potemkin-Tauride" at the time of the shooting of the film was written off, prepared for recycling and was in poor condition. Instead the battleship "Twelve Apostles" residing in the port of Odessa was shot in the film. By this time it was turned into a warehouse of floating mines making it difficult for the shooting. Scenes taking place indoors were filmed on the cruiser "Komintern".[14][6]
In the film the rebels raise the red flag on the battleship. However, with the limitations of that time the red flag in the black and white transmission looked black. Therefore, in the movie a white flag was shot. In the copy intended for the premiere at the Grand Theatre, 108 frames, the scene where the flag appears was hand-painted in red which greatly impressed the audience.[12]
Film style and content[edit]
The film is composed of five episodes:
- "Men and Maggots" (Люди и черви), in which the sailors protest at having to eat rotten meat;
- "Drama on the Deck" (Драма на тендре), in which the sailors mutiny and their leader, Vakulinchuk, is killed;
- "A Dead Man Calls for Justice" (Мёртвый взывает) in which Vakulinchuk's body is mourned over by the people of Odessa;
- "The Odessa Steps" (Одесская лестница), in which imperial soldiers massacre the Odessans.
- "One against all" (Встреча с эскадрой), in which the squadron tasked with intercepting the Potemkin instead declines to engage; lowering their guns, its sailors cheer on the rebellious battleship and join the mutiny.
Eisenstein wrote the film as a revolutionary propaganda film,[15][16] but also used it to test his theories of montage.[17] The revolutionary Soviet filmmakers of the Kuleshov school of filmmaking were experimenting with the effect of film editing on audiences, and Eisenstein attempted to edit the film in such a way as to produce the greatest emotional response, so that the viewer would feel sympathy for the rebellious sailors of the Battleship Potemkin and hatred for their overlords. In the manner of most propaganda, the characterization is simple, so that the audience could clearly see with whom they should sympathize.
Eisenstein's experiment was a mixed success; he "was disappointed when Potemkin failed to attract masses of viewers",[18] but the film was also released in a number of international venues, where audiences responded positively. In both the Soviet Union and overseas, the film shocked audiences, but not so much for its political statements as for its use of violence, which was considered graphic by the standards of the time.[1][19][20] The film's potential to influence political thought through emotional response was noted by Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, who called Potemkin "a marvelous film without equal in the cinema ... anyone who had no firm political conviction could become a Bolshevik after seeing the film".[20][21] He even was interested in getting Germans to make a similar film. Eisenstein did not like the idea and wrote an indignant letter to Goebbels in which he stated that National Socialistic realism did not have either truth nor realism.[22] The film was not banned in Nazi Germany, although Himmler issued a directive prohibiting SS members from attending screenings, as he deemed the movie inappropriate for the troops.[20] The film was eventually banned in some countries, including being banned at various times in both the United States and France, as well as in its native Soviet Union. The film was banned in the United Kingdom longer than any other film in British history.[23]
The Odessa Steps sequence[edit]
One of the most celebrated scenes in the film is the massacre of civilians on the Odessa Steps (also known as the Primorsky or Potemkin Stairs). This sequence has been assessed as a "classic"[24] and one of the most influential in the history of cinema.[25][26] In the scene, the Tsar's soldiers in their white summer tunics march down a seemingly endless flight of steps in a rhythmic, machine-like fashion, firing volleys into a crowd. A separate detachment of mounted Cossacks charges the crowd at the bottom of the stairs. The victims include an older woman wearing pince-nez, a young boy with his mother, a student in uniform and a teenage schoolgirl. A mother pushing an infant in a baby carriage falls to the ground dying and the carriage rolls down the steps amidst the fleeing crowd.
The massacre on the steps, although it never actually took place,[27] was based on the fact that there were widespread demonstrations in the area, sparked off by the arrival of the Potemkin in Odessa Harbour, and both The Times and the resident British Consul reported that troops fired on the crowds; deaths were reportedly in the hundreds.[28] Roger Ebert writes, "That there was, in fact, no tsarist massacre on the Odessa Steps scarcely diminishes the power of the scene ... It is ironic that [Eisenstein] did it so well that today, the bloodshed on the Odessa steps is often referred to as if it really happened."[29]
Treatment in other works of art[edit]
The scene is perhaps the best example of Eisenstein's theory on montage, and many films pay homage to the scene, including Terry Gilliam's Brazil, Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather,[30] Brian De Palma's The Untouchables,[30] George Lucas' Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith,[31] Tibor Takacs' Deathline, Laurel and Hardy's The Music Box, Chandrashekhar Narvekar's Hindi film Tezaab, Shukō Murase's anime Ergo Proxy, and The Magic Christian. Several films spoof it, including Woody Allen's Bananas and Love and Death, Zucker, Abrahams, and Zucker's Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult (though actually a parody of The Untouchables), Soviet-Polish comedy Deja Vu, Jacob Tierney's The Trotsky and the Italian comedy Il secondo tragico Fantozzi. The 2011 October Revolution parade in Moscow featured a homage to the film.
British painter Francis Bacon (1909–1992) was profoundly influenced by Eisenstein's images, particularly the Odessa Steps shot of the nurse's broken glasses and open mouthed scream. The open mouth image appeared first in his Abstraction from the Human Form, in Fragment of a Crucifixion, and other works including his famous Head series.[32]
The Russian-born photographer and artist Alexey Titarenko was inspired by and paid tribute to the Odessa Steps sequence in his series "City Of Shadows" (1991–1993), shot near the subway station in Saint Petersburg.[33]
Distribution, censorship and restoration[edit]
After the first screening the film was not distributed in the Soviet Union and there was a danger that it would be lost among other productions. Poet Vladimir Mayakovsky intervened because his good friend, poet Nikolai Aseev participated in the making of the film's intertitles. Mayakovsky's opposing party was Sovkino's president Konstantin Shvedchikov. He was a politician and friend of Vladimir Lenin who once hid Lenin in his home before the Revolution. He had a primitive taste in film and was an anti-Semite who disliked Eisenstein for his Jewish background. Mayakovsky presented Shvedchikov with a hard demand that the film would be distributed abroad and intimidated Shvedchikov with the fate of becoming a villain in history books. Mayakovsky's closing sentence was "Shvedchikovs come and go, but art remains. Remember that!". Besides Mayakovsky many others also persuaded Shvedchikov to spread the film around the world and after constant pressure from Sovkino he eventually sent the film in Berlin. There Battleship Potemkin became a huge success, and the film was again screened in Moscow.[6]
When Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford visited Moscow in July 1926, they were full of praise regarding Battleship Potemkin and Fairbanks helped distribute the film in the United States and even asked Eisenstein to go to Hollywood. In the United States the film premiered in New York on the 5th of December 1926 at the Biltmore Theatre.[34][35]
It was shown in an edited form in Germany, with some scenes of extreme violence edited out by German distributors. A written introduction by Trotsky was cut from Soviet prints after he ran afoul of Stalin. The film was banned in West Germany, the United Kingdom[36][37] (until 1954 and X-rated[38][39] until 1978), France, and other countries for its revolutionary zeal.
Today the film is widely available in various DVD editions. In 2004, a three-year restoration of the film was completed. Many excised scenes of violence were restored, as well as the original written introduction by Trotsky. The previous titles, which had toned down the mutinous sailors' revolutionary rhetoric, were corrected so that they would now be an accurate translation of the original Russian titles.
To retain its relevance as a propaganda film for each new generation, Eisenstein hoped the score would be rewritten every 20 years. The original score was composed by Edmund Meisel. A salon orchestra performed the Berlin premiere in 1926. The instruments were flute/piccolo, trumpet, trombone, harmonium, percussion and strings without viola. Meisel wrote the score in twelve days because of the late approval of film censors. As time was so short Meisel repeated sections of the score. Composer/conductor Mark-Andreas Schlingensiepen has reorchestrated the original piano score to fit the version of the film available today.
Nikolai Kryukov composed a new score in 1950 for the 25th anniversary. In 1985, Chris Jarrett composed a solo piano accompaniment for the movie. In 1986 Eric Allaman wrote an electronic score for a showing that took place at the 1986 Berlin International Film Festival. The music was commissioned by the organizers, who wanted to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the film's German premiere. The score was played only at this premiere and has not been released on CD or DVD. Contemporary reviews were largely positive apart from negative comment because the music was electronic. Allaman also wrote an opera about Battleship Potemkin, which is musically separate from the film score.
In commercial format, on DVD for example, the film is usually accompanied by classical music added for the "50th anniversary edition" released in 1975. Three symphonies from Dmitri Shostakovich have been used, with No. 5, beginning and ending the film, being the most prominent.
In 2007, Del Rey & The Sun Kings also recorded this soundtrack. In an attempt to make the film relevant to the 21st century, Neil Tennant and Chris Lowe (of the Pet Shop Boys) composed a soundtrack in 2004 with the Dresden Symphonic Orchestra. Their soundtrack, released in 2005 as Battleship Potemkin, premiered in September 2004 at an open-air concert in Trafalgar Square, London. There were four further live performances of the work with the Dresdner Sinfoniker in Germany in September 2005 and one at the Swan Hunter ship yard in Newcastle upon Tyne in 2006.
The avant-garde jazz ensemble Club Foot Orchestra has also re-scored the film, and performed live accompanying the film. For the 2005 restoration of the film, under the direction of Enno Patalas in collaboration with Anna Bohn, released on DVD and Blu-ray, the Deutsche Kinemathek - Museum fur Film und Fernsehen, commissioned a re-recording of the original Edmund Meisel score, performed by the Babelsberg Orchestra, conducted by Helmut Imig. In 2011 the most recent restoration was completed with an entirely new soundtrack by members of the Apskaft group. Contributing members were AER20-200, awaycaboose, Ditzky, Drn Drn, Foucault V, fydhws, Hox Vox, Lurholm, mexicanvader, Quendus, Res Band, -Soundso- and speculativism. The entire film was digitally restored to a sharper image by Gianluca Missero (who records under the name Hox Vox). The new version is available at the Internet Archive.[40]
The most recent, new, score for Battleship Potemkin was composed in 2011 by Michael Nyman and is regularly performed by the Michael Nyman Band.
Critical reaction[edit]
Battleship Potemkin has received universal acclaim from modern critics. On review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an overall 100% "Certified Fresh" approval rating based on 44 reviews, with a rating average of 9.1 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, "A technical masterpiece, Battleship Potemkin is Soviet cinema at its finest, and its montage editing techniques remain influential to this day."[41] Since its release, Battleship Potemkin has often been cited as one of the finest propaganda films ever made and considered amongst the greatest films of all time.[1][42] The film was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958.[2] Similarly, in 1952, Sight & Sound magazine cited The Battleship Potemkin as the fourth greatest film of all time and has been voted within the top ten in the magazine's five subsequent decennial polls, dropping to number 11 in the 2012 poll.[43]
In 2007, a two-disc, restored version of the film was released on DVD. Time magazine's Richard Corliss named it one of the Top 10 DVDs of the year, ranking it at #5.[44] It ranked #3 in Empire's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.[45] In April 2011, Battleship Potemkin was re-released in UK cinemas, distributed by the British Film Institute. On its re-release, Total Film magazine gave the film a five-star review, stating: "...nearly 90 years on, Eisenstein's masterpiece is still guaranteed to get the pulse racing."[46]
Directors Orson Welles,[47] Michael Mann[48] and Paul Greengrass[49] placed Battleship Potemkin on their list of favorite films.
Director Billy Wilder has named Battleship Potemkin as his favourite film of all time.
See also[edit]
- List of films considered the best
- List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
- ^ a b c What's the Big Deal?: Battleship Potemkin (1925). Retrieved March 10 2017.
- ^ a b "Battleship Potemkin by Roger Ebert". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "Top Films of All-Time". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ Наум И. Клейман, К. Б. Левина (eds.). Броненосец "Потемкин.". Шедевры советского кино. p. 24.
- ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. p. 74.
- ^ a b c d Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. pp. 193–199.
- ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. pp. 79–82.
- ^ "Шедевр за два месяца". Gorodskie Novosti.
- ^ Sergei Eisenstein (1959). Notes of a film director. Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 140.
- ^ Esfir Shub (1972). My Life — Cinema. Iskusstvo. p. 98.
- ^ Richard Taylor, Ian Christie, ed. (1994). The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents. Routledge. p. 137.
- ^ a b c "Почему стоит снова посмотреть фильм "Броненосец "Потемкин"". rg.ru.
- ^ ""Потемкин" после реставрации". Pravda.
- ^ Sergei Eisenstein (1959). Notes of a film director. Foreign Languages Publishing House. pp. 18–23.
- ^ "Pet Shop Boys meet Battleship Potemkin". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin, Strike, October by Sergei Eisenstein: Appreciation". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ Neuberger, Joan (2003). Ivan the Terrible. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ a b c Heinrich Himmler: Order from Top SS Commander (Himmler) about Russian Propaganda Film. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
- ^ "Triumph of the Will". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
- ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. pp. 326–327.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Retrieved 2015-08-25.
- ^ Battleship Potemkin from Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ "What Eisenstein created was the action sequence, which is absolutely vital to any modern film. ... Eisenstein's editing techniques have been used in any film made since that features any type of action sequence at all." from "20 Influential Silent Films Every Movie Buff Should See" by Dylan Rambow, Taste of Cinema, 25 April 2015
- ^ "How 'Battleship Potemkin' reshaped Hollywood" by Andrew O'Hehir, Salon, 12 January 2011
- ^ Fabe, Marilyn (1 August 2004). Closely Watched Films: An Introduction to the Art of Narrative Film Technique. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23862-1. p. 24
- ^ "During the night there were .. fierce conflicts between the troops and the rioters. The dead are reckoned in hundreds." See "Havoc in the Town and Harbour", The Times, 30 June 1905, p. 5.
- ^ Ebert, Roger. "The Battleship Potemkin", Chicago Sun-Times, 19 July 1998
- ^ a b "Iconic movie scene: The Untouchables' Union Station shoot-out". Den of Geek. November 16, 2011.
- ^ Xan Brooks (1 February 2008). "Films influenced by Battleship Potemkin". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ Peppiatt, Michael (1996). Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson ISBN 0-297-81616-0.
- ^ Protzman, Ferdinand. "Landscape. Photographs of Time and Place." National Geographic, 2003, ISBN 0-7922-6166-6
- ^ Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press. p. 87.
- ^ Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. p. 205.
- ^ "POTEMKIN (N/A)". British Board of Film Classification. 30 September 1926. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ Bryher (1922). Film Problems Of Soviet Russia. Riant Chateau TERRITET Switzerland. p. 31.
- ^ "BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN (X)". British Board of Film Classification. 1 January 1954. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ "Case Study: Battleship Potemkin, Students' British Board of Film Classification website". Sbbfc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-10-05.
- ^ "Apskaft Presents: The Battleship Potemkin". Internet Archive. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin (1925)". Rotten Tomatoes (Flixster). Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Archived from the original on 2011-03-26. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
- ^ "Sight and Sound Historic Polls". BFI. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ Corliss, Richard; Top 10 DVDs; time.com
- ^ "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema – 3. The Battleship Potemkin". Empire.
- ^ "Battleship Potemkin". Total Film. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
- ^ "Fun Fridays – Director's Favourite Films – Orson Welles - Film Doctor". Film Doctor. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "FUN FRIDAYS – DIRECTOR'S FAVOURITE FILMS – MICHAEL MANN - Film Doctor". Film Doctor. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "Fun Fridays – Director's Favourite Films – Paul Greengrass - Film Doctor". Film Doctor. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- Sergei Eisenstein (1959). Notes of a film director. Foreign Languages Publishing House.
- Marie Seton (1960). Sergei M. Eisenstein: a biography. Grove Press.
- Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin.
- Richard Taylor, Ian Christie, ed. (1994). The Film Factory: Russian and Soviet Cinema in Documents. Routledge.
- Bryher (1922). Film Problems Of Soviet Russia. Riant Chateau TERRITET Switzerland.
External links[edit]
Library resources about Battleship Potemkin |
Media related to The Battleship Potemkin at Wikimedia Commons
- The Battleship Potemkin at the Internet Movie Database
- Battleship Potemkin is available for free download at the Internet Archive
- Battleship Potemkin at official Mosfilm site with English subtitles
- "Battleship Potemkin". Senses of Cinema.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2006. Retrieved 2006-01-22.
- "Potemkin sailor monument". 2odessa.com. Retrieved 2006-08-22. Monument in Odessa, explanation of the mutiny
- 2011 version with new soundtrack Battleship Potemkin is available for free download at the Internet Archive
- 1925 films
- 1920s historical films
- Soviet films
- Soviet revolutionary propaganda films
- Soviet silent films
- Soviet epic films
- Soviet historical films
- Silent films
- Soviet black-and-white films
- Seafaring films based on actual events
- Films about mutinies
- Films about the 1905 Russian Revolution
- Films set in 1905
- Films set in Ukraine
- Films set in Odessa
- Mosfilm films
- Films directed by Sergei Eisenstein
- Black Sea in fiction


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Diamonds and Coal
Electroformed Smoky Quartz Point with Crescent Moon and Stars and Meteorite Accent
This is a real statement piece!
-- Layers of copper have been permanently fused to an all natural smoky quartz crystal using a process called electroforming. It can take anywhere from 4 - 24 hours to complete this process for each piece.
-- The quartz point is accented with a crescent moon, two stars, and a REAL meteorite fragment. You can wear a shooting star that fell to Earth millions of years ago around your neck!
-- After the process is complete, your piece is finished by adding a patina to the copper, buffing, and sealing.
-- This one of a kind pendant hangs on our signature 30" stainless steel chain, and includes my special Diamonds and Coal stainless steel tag. It's my way of signing my handmade work and adding another special touch to your jewelry piece. Stainless steel means no tarnishing ever!
-- Pendant is about 2.5" tall.
You will receive the exact one of a kind necklace pictured above. I will never be able to make this exact piece again!


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"Sweet November" is a romantic drama starring Keanu Reeves and Charlize Theron. Released on February 16, 2001, by Warner Brothers, the movie marked the second time that Reeves and Theron teamed up on the silver screen, having previously starred in "The Devil's Advocate" in 1997. "Sweet November" is a remake of a 1968 movie with the same title based on the same story written by Herman Raucher.
In "Sweet November," Keanu Reeves takes on the role of Nelson Moss, a career-focused, high-strung advertising executive. Sara Deever, played by Charlize Theron, is carefree, easy-going and playful. The two cross paths at a San Francisco DMV, where Moss causes Deever to fail a test. After tracking down Moss to ask for compensation for her troubles, Deever piques Moss' interest because she is different from any other women he has previously met.
As Nelson and Sara become familiar with each other, she reveals to him that every month she houses a new lover and helps him to overcome his emotional problems. Sara repeatedly asks Nelson to be her "November," sensing he could use help, and eventually he agrees to move in with her for the month. While living with Sara, Nelson begins to examine his life -- what is important and what is not -- and is inspired by Sara's empathy for and commitment to others. The two fall in love, which eventually leads Nelson to propose to Sara. She has been proposed to before, but Nelson is the first man to whom she would like to say yes.
Instead of saying yes to Nelson's marriage proposal, and living happily ever after, the proposal makes Sara reveal that has terminal cancer. Hoping to prevent Nelson from suffering after her demise, Sara ends the relationship, though Nelson continues to pursue her, reminding her of their happy times together. After one final kiss, the two go their separate ways. A tearjerker, for sure.
Despite moderate success -- the movie recouped enough money in its domestic and foreign runs to cover production costs -- the film was slammed by critics. "Sweet November" was nominated for worst remake and worst actors for both Reeves and Theron at the 2001 Razzies, an annual award given to Hollywood's worst movies/performers of the year -- though it did not win in any category.
Photo Credits
- Creatas/Creatas/Getty Images


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Michael Montanez
Best rehab facility in the valley! The Fischer gang is the best!
Rob Perez
Unfortunately I have had too many on the job injuries. Thankfully I was introduced to Fischer Institute years ago. The staff always make me feel welcome and cared for. It starts at the top with Brett. Professional, personable,
and caring. Great place to get back to your best from your injury. �
Chandler Harnish
Great training but better people. I spent some time at Fischer while preparing to play for the Arizona Cardinals. Even though I was not a big time name, I still received the same amount of attention and care from everyone working there. I recommend anyone looking to train or rehab post surgery to check out Fischer Institute.
Zach Baker
I had the opportunity to perform one of my clinical affiliations here while I was in PT school back in 2012 and worked with K2. The facility is phenomenal and the clinicians and staff there are exceptional. Cannot say enough good things about this group! Thanks for the experience guys!
Sasha Itzikman
Brett and his team are industry leaders! Pro athletes come from across the country to train and rehab at Fischer. But Brett cares about every client and treats everyone like a world class star. He's at the top of his game and offers tried and tested techniques with the latest in cutting edge technology. There simply is no better.
Monica Favarez
This a really good place to get physical therapy the staff here are awesome I do recommend this place to others....
Keith A Marshall
Excellent skill sets. Great customer service. Owner operated , that's huge.
Fred Zenner
Best place for physical therapy. The staff is friendly, knowledgeable and professional. My exercises are appropriate for my injury and rehabilitation. They know when to add more and allow me to pull back when I'm not at my best.
Tiffany Hayden
This is truly the BEST place to come to for physical therapy. The entire staff is amazing and any one of them will assist you with anything that you need. This is a relaxed environment which is a definite plus for me. If you're looking for a place that knows what they are doing and will go above and beyond to help you, then you've found it!
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Message view | « Date » · « Thread » |
Top | « Date » · « Thread » |
From | bugzi...@apache.org |
Subject | DO NOT REPLY [Bug 39582] add support for run-in headings (next paragraph starts at the same line) |
Date | Mon, 09 Apr 2012 19:02:17 GMT |
https://issues.apache.org/ooo/show_bug.cgi?id=39582 orcmid <firstname.lastname@example.com> changed: What |Removed |Added ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC| |email@example.com --- Comment #14 from orcmid <firstname.lastname@example.com> 2012-04-09 19:02:17 UTC --- Or, put another way, the paragraph begins with a heading as its initial text. I always liked that capability. It is particularly handy when doing numbering of paragraphs as individual sub-sub-...-sub-sections. It also works when the section number is all there is to the heading. Many technical and formal documents benefit from that scheme. I do it on web pages (by manual means though). I think the key question, in pursuing this, is to figure out whether and how ODF 1.2 supports such a provision or whether it requires a style extension of some form. Currently, headings and paragraphs are independent paragraph-level formats. THINKING OUT LOUD - INSTANT DESIGN This is an useful feature, but ODF 1.2 has no way of representing such an arrangement at the present time. A potentially really-bad idea is to embed a <text:h> inside of the <text:p> (or vice versa). This is not allowed in ODF 1.2. There are weird ways to do this indirectly using frames, but it is not clear how well that works and it would be difficult to make easy for users and to recognize the hack on incoming documents (and in interchange with other formats). One could introduce an OpenOffice extension to ODF 1.2 extended documents that would degrade properly when not understood. Something like <ooo:run-in-heading> could be a new element allowed in paragraqph content. It could be done in such a way that consumers that did not recognize the extension would simply treat the text within the element as text of the paragraph, properly formatted but not recognized as heading. (That is, it could be reduced to treatment as a <text:span> and it might always have a <text:span> within it to accomplish exactly that. This might show the last of any auto-numbering, but it might not update properly when the document is edited where the run-in feature is not understood. THEN WHAT? Assuming that a workable method comes up, the next question is how resilient is it when documents formed using the chosen technique are opened by other ODF-supporting software that has never seen it before. This is a factor in conversion for interchange with other formats, including PDF, Microsoft Office Word, HTML, etc. Also, there are many interdependencies with places where headings have an impact, such as in cross-references, the autonumbering, the reflection of current headings in headers and footers and tables of content, etc. BOTTOM LINE Great feature. Obvious appeal. Simple to ask for. Not so simple to provide in a robust way. The use of a carefully-crafted extension element that fails smoothly is the best prospect. -- Configure bugmail: https://issues.apache.org/ooo/userprefs.cgi?tab=email ------- You are receiving this mail because: ------- You are on the CC list for the bug. | |
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In 2007 TRU Yachts, or The Really Unusual Yacht Building Company began the design and building of a yacht that can have multiple interior configurations together with flexible and alternate exterior facilities. In addition concentrated on such elements as ease of handling whether at sea or on a river. TRU32s team of experienced sailors have taken their more than 100 years of combined experience to understand the best in creature comforts, space utilization and attraction of design within the practical usage requirement, succinctly known as form and function.
TRU32 goal was to produce a yacht that could sleep and accommodate 6 adults with ease and space to a comfort level of excellence that would be at home on lake, river or sea and be affordable. Our TRU32 power catamaran achieves that and more.
TRU32 believes they are not just boat designers and builders, but more correctly, lifestyle opportunity providers!
Clark Jelley
Central Listing Agent
Located in S.E. Florida
Cell: (561) 676-8445
Email: email@example.com
SKYPE: clarkjelley
Out of State Buyers can buy and use their boat in Beautiful Florida for 180 Days with
No Florida Sales/Use Tax - Ask me how!
"Always do right. This will gratify some people, and astonish the rest"
Mark Twain
510 Brookside Drive
Clearwater, FL 33764
United States


text: The most trendy marriage ceremony party has been hels by some standard and essential couples. One of the example is the wedding party within the beach. There is a special Farm Wedding Venues Oregon. As we know that seashore is an open place so there ought to be special ornament for the wedding venue. Actuall marriage ceremony venue can also be one part of the wedding occasion, however marriage ceremony venue is an important one as a result of it's the rule of the wedding event. It is the concept of the event. It directs the bride and the groom the place the wedding ceremon ought to be brought. Then they must have the concept of the wedding venue first. They need to have a vision about the marriage ceremony venue earlier than holding a marriage ceremony as a result of it wants longer preparation to make it good and perfect.


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95 results containing ""
Central Park in winter
The press on the field
The campaign in Virginia--"On to Richmond!"
The blessings of victory
The Chicago platform
Election Day 8th November
Pardon. Franchise Columbia. -- "Shall I trust these men, and ...
Andrew Johnson's reconstruction and how it works
Killing the goose that laid the golden egg
Something that will not "blow over"--July 11 and July 12, ...
Out of Town
The key-note of the campaign
That "tidal wave"--"We are on the home stretch!"
"The pirates," under false colors--Can they capture the ship of ...
Apollo amusing the gods
Clasping hands over the bloodless (sar)c(h)asm
The same old Christmas story over again
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The meeting of Nast and Watterson in Central Jersey
The political suicide of Peter "Brains" $weeny


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Calculate Another Payment
Actual rating will vary with options, driving conditions, habits and vehicle condition.
This BMW includes:
You appreciate the finer things in life, the vehicle you drive should not be the exception. Style, performance, sophistication is in a class of its own with this stunning BMW 7 Series. This BMW 7 Series is equipped with AWD for improved handling. Whether you're faced with inclement weather or just out enjoying the twisting back road, you'll have the grip of AWD on your side.
Added comfort with contemporary style is the leather interior to heighten the quality and craftsmanship for the BMW 7 Series
Estimated Monthly Payment will depend on vehicle make and model and will be determined upon actual vehicle inspection. All payments are estimates. Tax, title and any other fees are extra.


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Tradition and innovation
Since the company's foundation in 1954 as a small regionally oriented company, we have continually evolved into a European group and one of the leading system providers for the benefit of health.
The history of MMM is closely connected with the competence and loyalty of our staff members. Without their commitment, MMM would not have achieved and maintained today's market position. That is why we are happy to take responsibility as employer, and to train young people on the job with excellent results.
Our Munich headquaters bundle for example the skills of sale and project management, renders support to the regional sales and service centres, and coordinates the production workflow.
Many patents, utility models and protected developments document the innovation of MMM. This strength of MMM has shaped the development and realization of norms and standards of our industry for decades.


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People | 4 |
Bedrooms | 1 |
Bathrooms | 2 |
Property type | condo |
Minimum Stay | 4 nights |
Penthouse Suite in the heart of trendy Palermo Soho. Located at Thames and Costa Rica Streets on 7th penthouse level above the traffic/noise. Outstanding views from both sides of the building on seventh floor overlooking the trees and cobblestone streets in quaint Soho. Two balconies, one facing East and one facing West. Lots of light and cross ventilation, in fact, the entire side of the house is totally glass. In cool weather you get both sides o the house filled with natural heat. Large balcony is 32 m2 (350 SF). Condo is total of 95 m2 (1022 SF+/-) with 63 m2 (673 SF) interior. When comparing to alternatives, DON'T BE FOOLED: Most places are very tiny and not as large as this penthouse. Laptop (basic) computer available. Wonderful Yoga setting with yoga mat, lots of sunshine and peaceful setting. In-room safe.
There is a tennis club and gym across the street and a great one about six blocks away next to a huge supermarket.
NOTE: CONTACT OWNER FOR RATE QUOTES BEYOND ONE WEEK. DO NOT DEPEND ON 'RATE QUOTE' IN WEBSITE'S SYSTEM. See rate section below!!
Walking distance (8 blocks)to Subway Plaza Italia station and regional train line. In the heart of the best restaurants and shopping in town. Located on a quiet street with horse-drawn carriages. Only a few blocks from Plaza Serano yet away from the noise. Grocery store, laundry, internet and multiple restaurants, all within one block. This is THE neighborhood you want to stay in and own in if you're a buyer. If you rent somewhere else, you'll be taking a cab here regularly for BA's finest dining.
Excellent home for entertaining guests. Sunny living room has fold out couch/bed to provide semi private area to sleep two for a total of four guests in the finest of linens. Open American style kitchen/dining room with great view. Jacuzzi style tub in master bath. Second bath has shower. One step required and have had wheel chair guests. For handicap needs detail please check January 28, 2013 comments from guest. High speed internet, flat screen TV, nice MP3/CD stereo system, mood lighting. Decor is local art work and very pleasing. Washer and Dryer in unit. In-room safe, cordless telephones with voice-mail, maid service (yet no cleaning fee)and all the furnishings sophisticated travelers demand. Bedroom has 'blackout shade' to make the room totally dark for sleeping-in after those long Argentine nights.
CHECK OUT OUR GUEST'S COMMENTS andd you'll learn why this place is so SPECIAL!! Calendar is always current.
P.S. Beware: The one consistent complaint is that folks enjoy the place so much that they stay in the condo too much and don't get out to see Buenos Aires and Soho enough!
Keywords: Condominium, House, apartment, condo, flat, home, penthouse
I am a real estate investment advisor living in southern california. This Penthouse is my second home. My manager and I take great pride and enjoyment in providing our guest's with value, fun and transparent dealings with us for their stay at our Penthouse.
The Owner purchased this condo in 2006
Valentino's is my second home. I love Latin American People and culture. I also love the excitement of big city life, so Buenos Aires combined these two passions for me.
Its all about the location in Palermo Soho. This is my favorite part of Buenos Aires and Valentino's is in the heart of it. There are lots of great areas of BA, however it is easy to just stay in Palermo Soho. I also love the Sycamore tree-lined street of Thames and it's proximity to the subway.
I stayed here with my two teenage kids last spring break and loved the apartment and neighborhood. Walked to wonderful coffee house across the street every morning and then around corner to full grocery store with excellent bakery. Walked to dinner every night, so many great restaurants in the area, close to subway, and everything you might need. The apartment itself is in beautiful shape and the large patio was so great for afternoon siestas in the sun. Guille was a tremendous help with getting us checked in and full of good tips about which sights to avoid and where to go.
You will have a wonderful experience in BA in this apartment.
Don`t forget: you are in a lively city that never sleeps, you`ll get some noise from the traffic and you can hear loud music (especially at weekends), because you are close to an entertainment area. So enjoy it. you get a nice apartment, spacious and equipped with all utensils of daily use. showpiece is the terrace, use it as often you can. i spent six weeks in the apartment and had a wonderful time.for sightseeing i was at plaza de mayo within half an hour (12min walk, 13min subte). entertainment area starts round the corner, you find restaurants, bars and shops. a supermarket is one street ahead. who asks for more? Guille, the manager, is very, very helpful and always with a smile on her face. so let all troubles at home and dive into the life of BA.
a hint: don`t miss palacio barolo in av. de mayo 1370! take part in a guided tour ($220) up to the top. it`s an adventure and you are rewarded with great views from the lighthouse.
Great location in Palermo Soho. We walked to dinner every evening. The apartment itself is nicely appointed and comfortable. The pictures are accurate. The weather wasn't good for us so we didn't get to enjoy the lovely terrace but it looks wonderful. And, as others have mentioned, the manager, Guille, is a treasure. Very nice and helpful with all sorts of hints on BA. Ask her about where to go for leather! Thom the owner is also very easy to deal with and helpful. All in all, a very good experience.
Enjoyed a great week in Palermo! The apartment was complete with all the nice amenities needed for a week, quiet balcony for morning coffee, etc. And the location is great - lots of good places to eat, and easy walking to other areas of Palermo. Only downside - eventually one must go home!
The organization when arrived and picked up at the airport, then the responsible manager (a very efficient and nice lady) which gives you a lot of useful hints about restaurants and other places to go, as mentioned. There is a sube card in the flat, thats a card to use the very efficient bus system in buenos aires and the best is, you leave the building and in two minutes in costa rica street there you take the line 39 which connects you with every part of the city.
The apartment itself is wonderful, all the fotos show really like it is, the balcony perfect, the kitchen perfect.
And Palermo Soho where the apartment is located is just wonderful, nice little shops, trees everywhere, walking distance to Plaza Italia and all the parks, even the Palermo Golf Course is there, greenfee 170 pesos. Amazing.
The owner is very helpful and everything was complied with as agreed. We can truly recommend to start the BA adventure there.
My husband and I stayed here for a week and loved it. It is more spacious than we thought and the large deck is fabulous. There are a lot of great restaurants all around and it's only a 10 min walk to the metro. The apartment had a wonderful relaxed feel to it, light and sunny and was always good to come back to after our adventures out and about in BA.
Guille (apartment manager) was very helpful. She made a dinner reservation for us, told us about locals gathering for tango and also arranged a ride to the airport . Would definitely recommend this wonderful apartment to my friends.
Walking distance (8 blocks)to Subway Plaza Italia station and regional train line. In the heart of the best restaurants and shopping in town. Located on a quiet street with horse-drawn carriages. Only a few blocks from Plaza Serano yet away from the noise. Grocery store, laundry, internet and multiple restaurants, all within one block. Best dining area of all BA. This is THE neighborhood you want to stay in and own in if you're a buyer. If you rent somewhere else, you'll be taking a cab here regularly for BA's finest dining.
Other Activities: Shopping, boating
Rental Period | Minimum Price | Additional Nights | Weekend Night | Weekly | Monthly * | Event Price | |||
Peak Season
1 Nov 2016 -
30 Apr 2017
4 night minimum stay
for 4 nights
My Standard Rate
4 night minimum stay
for 4 nights
Three Night Minimum
Peak Season: $1150 per week; $2450 per mo
Low Season: $950 per week; $1950 per mo
NOTE: RATES CAN BE ADJUSTED FOR TIME FRAMES BETWEEN ONE WEEK AND ONE MONTH. In other words, rates vary by length of time. So, two week rate would be between weekly and monthly (on a daily basis).
Long terms rates will be less.
Major holidays may be adjusted upward.
One half of rental rate and deposit at booking and balance 90 days prior to occupancy (some flexibility)
* Approximate monthly price. Actual pricing will depend on the days of the month you stay.


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Join Us Live On Twitter For The British Grand PrixPeter Orosz6/21/09 8:00am0EditPromoteGo to permalinkFollow our live text of the last grand prix at Silverstone on our F1 Live page.
2009 Turkish Grand Prix: A DelightPeter Orosz6/08/09 8:00am351EditPromoteGo to permalinkOur twitter live-blog of the 2009 Turkish Grand Prix was a complete success. If you were checking it out this weekend, you already know what happened. If you didn't, hit the jump for the spoilers and a crude crayon drawing.
Reminder: Our Tweeting of the 2009 Turkish Grand Prix is Now LiveRay Wert6/07/09 8:00am4EditPromoteGo to permalinkHit up our twittergasmic live-blog of the 2009 Turkish Grand Prix! The race is live!
Turkish Grand Prix: Live on Twitter Tomorrow MorningPeter Orosz6/06/09 1:30pm181EditPromoteGo to permalinkJust a quick note reminding you to join us Sunday morning at 8 AM EST for Jalopnik's first live-tweeted F1 race: the 2009 Turkish Grand Prix. Follow along at our F1 Live-Tweet Page for all the fun.
Join Us Sunday Morning As We Live-Tweet The Turkish Grand PrixPeter Orosz6/05/09 8:15pm371EditPromoteGo to permalinkWe will be live-tweeting (yes, that's right live-tweeting) this Sunday's F1 race at 8 AM EST — follow along here for the fun. Heck, you can even root against Button if you wish.


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Brenda Menard
Listed by Choice Real Estate & Property Management
Looking for a piece of land in the village with the convenience of amenities close by and town water & sewer hook up plus electric on site? This could be the lot for you. 100x100 lot, well suited for a mobile home. Additional lot is available for sale, adjoining lot MLS#4481754. Package price for both lots offered for $35,000. Taxes are to be determined, part of larger parcel.


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Ages of Elegance: Five Thousand Years of Fashion and Frivolity.
D'ASSAILLY, Gisele.
Price: $45.00
Description: Profusely illustrated, mostly in color. 251 pages. Small folio, yellow cloth, torn d.w. Paris: Hachette, 1968. A near fine copy in a very good(-) dust wrapper.
Jacket: YBinding: hardcover
Condition: near fine
Language: English
Type: Books
Book ID: 146113


text:
WINNIPEG – A growing number of city councillors want to hit the pause button before awarding new contracts to a pair of private waste management companies.
Winnipeg's current contractor is Emterra and Progressive Waste Solutions, but a new report recommends the city looks elsewhere for future waste collection.
The recommendation is to use two separate companies: Miller Waste Solutions for neighbourhoods in the city's northwest area and GFL Environmental for the southwest.
Both proposed contracts would run from October 1, 2017 until January 31, 2025.
It is not yet known if this will result in higher collection costs for Winnipeggers in 2017, but the cost of the service is more.
Currently Winnipeg spends about $18 million per year on garbage collection. Under the new proposed plan, those costs would jump to $24.8 million per year.
Transcona councillor Russ Wyatt thinks the city should look into other possibilities and timelines for the new companies involved.
The recommendation was passed onto the Mayor's Executive Policy Committee before moving onto city council.
With files from Adrian Cheung


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Madonna to Launch Another Perfume
Mon, 22 Oct 2012 11:17:54
Sniff, sniff.
Madonna will launch Truth or Dare by Madonna Naked, a new fragrance for women, in December.
Truth or Dare Naked is said to combine a creamy woodiness with addictive vanilla nuances and sparkling florals for a scent that is immediately captivating. Mmm. Sounds delish.
Truth or Dare Naked is a woody floral; notes include honeysuckle, peach blossom, neroli, vanilla orchid, cocoa flower, lily of the valley, cedar, benzoin, out accord and sandalwood.
Sound like something you wanna spritz and wear?
—Maggie Pannacione