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Quartetski Does Stravinsky with drummer Isaiah Ceccarelli, guitarist Bernard Falaise, reedist Phillipe Lauzier, viole de gamaba player Pierre-Yves Martel and violinist Joshua Zubot reinterpret Stravinsky's Rite of Spring in honor of its 100th anniversary.
"On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Igor Stravinsky's "Rite of Spring", Quartetski offers a reinterpretation of this monumental work which scandalized Paris in 1913. While staying true to the spirit of the composer, the ensemble uses the composition as a laboratory for sonic experimentation. The result is a new kind of chamber music that mixes traditions, styles and approaches to arrive at a sometimes chaotic, sometimes challenging and always captivating performance. Reuniting five pillar musicians of Montréal's experimental music scene, the project will capture listeners familiar with the original work, and new ears will be just as curious."-Ambiances Magnetiques
• Show Bio for Isaiah Ceccarelli
"Isaiah Ceccarelli. Born Chetwynd, British Columbia, Canada, 1978. Residence: Montréal, Québec. Composer, Performer (drum set, percussion).
Isaiah Ceccarelli is a drummer, improviser, and composer based in Montréal. His music has been qualified as "one of the most original approaches to come through our offices in recent times" (Marc Chénard, La Scena Musicale) and he has been described as possessing "a writing style with rare personality in this musical context" (Thierry Lepin, Jazzman Magazine). He participates in numerous creative music projects with Michel F Côté, Pierre-Yves Martel, Lori Freedman, Jean Derome, Bernard Falaise, Joshua Zubot and Philippe Lauzier, amongst others. He plays with Félix Stüssi and Ray Anderson, as well as with the Acadian singer Marie-Jo Thério. Proud ambassador of a new generation of creative musicians in Québec, his collaborations have led him on tour in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Isaiah has composed music for two of his own albums, Bréviaire d'épuisements and Lieux-dits (both on the Ambiances Magnétiques label), and for ensembles and musicians such as Quatuor Bozzini, Ensemble Allogène, the violist Jennifer Thiessen, and Ensemble Kô. He sings with the Schola Saint-Grégoire (Gregorian chant).
A seasoned musician and composer, Isaiah Ceccarelli is, in the words of Charles Collard from La Scena Musicale, "a jewel in the crown of the Montréal scene and his presence is felt on several fronts at the same time."
^ Hide Bio for Isaiah Ceccarelli
• Show Bio for Bernard Falaise
"Bernard Falaise. Born Montréal, Québec, 1965. Residence: Montréal, Québec. Composer, Performer (guitar).
Bernard Falaise was born in Montréal, where he currently lives. He plays electric guitar, composes and improvises - all with evident joy - for Miriodor, Klaxon Gueule, les Projectionnistes, Diesel and other groups. He has written for the Ensemble contemporain de Montréal (ECM), Quartango and the Isis Quartet, and has created music for exhibitions, television, the theatre and dance. Allergic to labels, Falaise explores acid rock, twelve-tone waltzes and industrial tangos with equal enthusiasm."
^ Hide Bio for Bernard Falaise
• Show Bio for Pierre-Yves Martel
"Pierre-Yves Martel. Born Vanier, Ontario, Canada, 1979. Residence: Montréal, Québec. Composer, Performer (viola da gamba, double bass, objects)
Following a unique artistic path, Pierre-Yves Martel is constantly renewing his musical identity and practice. Though a instrumentalist, he identifies himself first and foremost as a sound artist whose work oscillates between perpetual research and experimentation. It is in this spirit that he has revisited the viola da gamba, utilizing this traditional instrument in new contexts and thus reengaging it with the contemporary world. Having created an authentic musical language through non-conventional techniques and instrumental preparations, he also works outside of instrumental music altogether, using a variety of objects rife with new sonic possibilities, from contact-mics and speakers to motors, wheels, surfaces and textures."
^ Hide Bio for Pierre-Yves Martel
• Show Bio for Joshua Zubot
"Joshua Zubot is a musician who spent his younger years honing his skills in the West. Gaining ground internationally, Josh toured with the former Barrage group from 1997-2002.
Moving to Montreal in 2003, Josh finished his BFA in Electroacoustic Studies after 4 years. In 2005, he produced his first solo album, Crouched Head, on the Drip Audio Label.
He now freelances full-time as a violinist. Mainly, Josh is a performer/composer fusing many means of styles through his violin. These styles range from somewhere in the middle of jazz, free jazz, avant garde, contemporary classical, folk, improvisational, rock and electronic.
Since then he has developped through the avant-garde scene in Montreal producing his own albums: Subtle Lip Can, Mendham, and Land of Marigold.
Over the last decade, Josh has played with numerous different groups and individuals. Some collaborations were with Chad VanGaalen, Lori Freedman, Patrick Watson, William Parker, Pierre-Yves Martel, Michael Blake, Bernard Falaise, Rainer Wiens, Michel F Coté, Sam Shalabi, Miles Perkin, Myra Melford, Marshall Allen, Fred Frith, Matana Roberts, Jean Derome, Malcom Goldstein, Pierre Tanguay, Martha Wainwright, John Butcher, to name a few.
Josh performed in the Mozg Festival (Poland),International Festival de Musique Actuelle de Victoriaville, Guelph Jazz Festival, X Avant New Music Festival L'Off Festival de Jazz de Montreal, Suoni Per Il Popolo, Sound Travels (Sound Art Festival in Toronto), Guelph Jazz Festival, Osheaga, Pop Montreal, NXNE, as well as numerous festival circuits in Europe."
^ Hide Bio for Joshua Zubot


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My husband and I stayed at the Marmara hotel for the New York City marathon. My husband ran the marathon. This was the first time we stayed on the upper east side, we typically stay in mid-town when traveling to New York. Also, we have stayed in luxurious hotels with higher star ratings so I was a little skeptical. My concerns were quickly squelched when we were greeted by a very friendly staff upon entering the hotel. Without even asking, Dennis (the manager) upgraded us to a 1br/1.5 ba condo! It was really spacious and clean. The unit even had a full kitchen. The bed was very comfortable and there was also a nice balcony. We were pleasantly surprised! We were also pleased with the location despite the construction outside the hotel.
Dennis was also very accommodative about allowing a very late check-out since my husband was hoping to come back to the hotel to shower after running the marathon. Dennis and staff went above and beyond for us and we cannot thank them enough! We plan to return to next year!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Marmara Manhattan offers a combination of studio, one, two and three bedroom suites for your travel needs; whether it is for a few days of vacation or a few months of stay in the exclusive Upper East Side neighborhood. You will only be a short distance away from famous New York City attractions like the Central Park, the Museum Mile and Madison Avenue boutiques. Our suites provide for all your comfort needs during a stay at your 'home-away-home' with fully equipped kitchens and plenty of sunlight. Hotel featues: Complimentary Wi-Fi, 24-hour concierge, 24-hour exercise room, art gallery, pet friendly. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Sabre Hospitality Solutions, Hotels.com, HotelsforEveryone, Expedia, Travelocity, Despegar.com, Priceline and Jetsetter so you can book your The Marmara Manhattan reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Marmara Manhattan

subset: commoncrawl


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Edible Displays: Mini Herb Garden
Perfect for beginners, herbs are resilient, can be picked over a long season and are always useful in the kitchen.
This pair of coordinating terra cotta pots is filled largely with evergreen herbs that will produce aromatic leaves year after year. It makes sense to grow parsley in a separate pot, because it runs to seed in its second year and will need replacing. For a bold display choose cultivars with golden and variegated foliage, and combine them with the summer flowers of thyme, marjoram, sage and chives, together with trailing bedding, such as petunias and brachyscome (as shown).
Step 1: Choose Containers
Select pots that are at least 10 inches in diameter or small pots that are at least six inches in diameter. They should suit an area close to the kitchen. Use multipurpose compost or soil-based compost, and make sure they receive full sun.
Step 2: Go Shopping
Buy the following herbs: one golden marjoram, one parsley, one variegated sage, one bay, one chives and one golden lemon thyme plant.
Golden marjoram is a popular oregano cultivar with small, bright yellow-green leaves and lavender flowers. It makes colorful mounds in the spring. The leaves are very aromatic, and it is widely renowned for its peppery flavor.
The textured, emerald leaves of curly parsley provide interesting texture and rich color for annual gardens and mixed borders. Grow plenty of it to make a big impact and have enough extra for kitchen use.
Variegated sage is an evergreen perennial known for its unique, pungent flavor and aroma that its gray green leaves produce. This charming cultivar has green leaves with irregular yellow margins. It has both ornamental and culinary qualities.
Bay leaves come from the sweet bay or laurel tree. The elliptical leaves are green, glossy and grow up to three inches long and are a staple in kitchens used in soups, stews, meat and vegetable dishes.
Chives are a member of the onion family. They grow in clumps and reach a height of 6 to 12 inches. They produce narrow, hollow leaves and attractive violet, globe shaped flowers in May or June.
Step 3: Plant Herbs
Herbs can be planted in spring, but if using tender bedding, wait until after the frosts. Ensure the pots have drainage holes in the base and fill with a layer of compost. Plant the thyme and flowers through the holes in the large pot, add more compost and plant the other herbs on top. Plant up the smaller pot with parsley and flowers. Keep the compost just moist during the summer and water sparingly in winter. Once established, pick the leaves as required. Replant the herbs in the large container into bigger pots every two years.


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Alaska Department of Fish and Game
- Home
- Fishing
- Hunting
- Subsistence
- Viewing
- Education
- Species
- Habitat
- Regulations
Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve
Wildlife Viewing
Forested southern foothills rise to limestone and granite peaks more than 7,000 feet high in this remote wilderness park. North of the peaks, clear water rivers run through glacier-carved valleys; and tundra, covered with wildflowers during the brief northern summer, stretches toward the Arctic Ocean. Many of the nearly 500,000 member Western Arctic caribou herd migrate through the park each fall. Brown and black bear, wolf, Dall sheep, lynx, moose, wolverine, and red fox live here year-round. In the spring, the park hosts migratory birds from Europe, South America, Asia, tropical archipelagos, and the continental U.S.
Viewing Information
Backpacking and river trips maximize your chances of encountering wildlife. In late July and August, look for caribou in the Noatak and Killik River drainages. Dall sheep forage on the mountainsides in northern and western areas of the park. Falcons, rough-legged hawks, and golden eagles watch for flocks of snow and Canada geese flying south over the Kobuk River. The park offers no facilities; visitors must be skilled in wilderness survival. The park staff can provide a list of licensed guides, outfitters, and air-taxi operators.
Commercial planes fly from Fairbanks to Bettles, Anaktuvuk Pass, or Coldfoot. Charter a small plane to a trip starting point. Or, drive the Dalton Highway to Coldfoot or Wiseman and hike into the park.
National Park Service or (907) 456-0281
- Google+
Section Navigation
Where to Go
P.O. Box 115526
1255 W. 8th Street
Juneau, AK 99811-5526
Office Locations


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Washington County is home to three of the 92 markets across the state that are members of the 2009 Kentucky Farm Bureau Certified Roadside Farm Market Program. The Washington County Certified Roadside Market members are: Flaggy Meadow Fiber Works & Sunshine Alpacas of Kentucky, Maple Hill Manor and St. Catherine Farm. In joining the Kentucky Farm Bureau Certified Roadside Farm Market Program, these markets have committed to offering quality products and service to their customers.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Springfield Sun, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
ZIP Code: | |


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Definition of best seller
: an article (as a book) whose sales are among the highest of its class
Examples of best seller in a sentence
She has written several best sellers.
Her book is on the best-seller list.
First Known Use of best seller
BEST SELLER Defined for English Language Learners
best seller
playDefinition of best seller for English Language Learners
: a popular product (such as a book) that many people have bought
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640 Vital Statistics. 22 Condition Alerts found.
Median real estate price in the Town Center of Greenlawn is $583,477, which is more expensive than 71.7% of the neighborhoods in New York and 89.7% of the neighborhoods in the U.S.
The average rental price in Greenlawn Town Center is currently $2,161, based on NeighborhoodScout's exclusive analysis. The average rental cost in this neighborhood is higher than 85.1% of the neighborhoods in New York.
Greenlawn Town Center is a suburban neighborhood (based on population density) located in Greenlawn, New York.
Real estate in the Town Center of Greenlawn, NY is primarily made up of medium sized (three or four bedroom) to large (four, five or more bedroom) single-family homes and small apartment buildings. Most of the residential real estate is owner occupied. Many of the residences in the Town Center neighborhood are older, well-established, built between 1940 and 1969. A number of residences were also built before 1940.
Real estate vacancies in Greenlawn Town Center are 5.6%, which is lower than one will find in 72.3% of American neighborhoods. Demand for real estate in Greenlawn Town Center is above average for the U.S., and may signal some demand for either price increases or new construction of residential product for this neighborhood.
Many things matter about a neighborhood, but the first thing most people notice is the way a neighborhood looks and its particular character. For example, one might notice whether the buildings all date from a certain time period or whether shop signs are in multiple languages. This particular neighborhood in Greenlawn, the Town Center neighborhood, has some outstanding things about the way it looks and its way of life that are worth highlighting.
Most American households own a car or other vehicle. Many own two cars or perhaps three. In the United States, it is useful to have an automobile not only for commuting, but also for shopping and getting to other services one needs. But NeighborhoodScout's analysis revealed that households in the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood have a highly unusual car ownership. Residents of this neighborhood must really love automobiles. NeighborhoodScout's Analysis reveals that 29.2% of the households here have four, five, or more cars. That is more cars per household than in 99.4% of the neighborhoods in the nation.
Did you know that the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood has more Italian and Irish ancestry people living in it than nearly any neighborhood in America? It's true! In fact, 29.9% of this neighborhood's residents have Italian ancestry and 26.3% have Irish ancestry.
Greenlawn Town Center is also pretty special linguistically. Significantly, 1.5% of its residents five years old and above primarily speak Italian at home. While this may seem like a small percentage, it is higher than 96.2% of the neighborhoods in America.
If you're a regular supporter of the arts and enjoy outings to the theatre, weekend boutique-ing, or even a finely aged wine with dinner, than you're in good company with the people of the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood. This neighborhood is uniquely immersed with more "urban sophisticates" than 97.1% of neighborhoods across the country. The people here truly stand out as a class among their own. They are an exclusive community characterized by refined tastes, cultural inclinations, and the means to live well. Urban sophisticates live a big city lifestyle, whether or not they live in or near a big city. They are educated executives or managers by week, and serial patrons of the arts by weekend. If this lifestyle pertains to you, than you'll certainly feel right at home in the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood. In addition to being an excellent choice for urban sophisticates, this neighborhood is also a very good choice for families with school-aged children and highly educated executives.
In addition, if you come to know the people here, you will recognize that you're in the company of one of the wealthiest communities in the nation. In fact, a mere 4.9% of America's neighborhoods are wealthier than the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood. Real estate here is exceedingly well-maintained, and similarly, tends to maintain its value over time. The cars driven are mostly luxury brands like Mercedes, Audi, BMW, and Lexus. If the public schools aren't up to snuff, the residents of this neighborhood preferentially send their children to private preparatory schools. Vacation to Disney? Yes, but equally popular are summers in Europe.
The freedom of moving to new places versus the comfort of home. How much and how often people move not only can create diverse and worldly neighborhoods, but simultaneously it can produce a loss of intimacy with one's surroundings and a lack of connectedness to one's neighbors. NeighborhoodScout's exclusive research has identified this neighborhood as unique with regard to the transience of its populace. More residents of the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood live here today that also were living in this same neighborhood five years ago than is found in 97.1% of U.S. neighborhoods. This neighborhood is really made up of people who know each other, don't move often, and have lived here in this very neighborhood for quite a while.
There are two complementary measures for understanding the income of a neighborhood's residents: the average and the extremes. While a neighborhood may be relatively wealthy overall, it is equally important to understand the rate of people - particularly children - who are living at or below the federal poverty line, which is extremely low income. Some neighborhoods with a lower average income may actually have a lower childhood poverty rate than another with a higher average income, and this helps us understand the conditions and character of a neighborhood.
The neighbors in the Town Center neighborhood in Greenlawn are wealthy, making it among the 15% highest income neighborhoods in America. NeighborhoodScout's exclusive analysis reveals that this neighborhood has a higher income than 95.1% of the neighborhoods in America. In addition, 2.3% of the children seventeen and under living in this neighborhood are living below the federal poverty line, which is a lower rate of childhood poverty than is found in 85.7% of America's neighborhoods.
What we choose to do for a living reflects who we are. Each neighborhood has a different mix of occupations represented, and together these tell you about the neighborhood and help you understand if this neighborhood may fit your lifestyle.
In the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood, 55.1% of the working population is employed in executive, management, and professional occupations. The second most important occupational group in this neighborhood is sales and service jobs, from major sales accounts, to working in fast food restaurants, with 21.0% of the residents employed. Other residents here are employed in clerical, assistant, and tech support occupations (15.4%), and 8.5% in manufacturing and laborer occupations.
Culture is the shared learned behavior of peoples. Undeniably, different ethnicities and ancestries have different cultural traditions, and as a result, neighborhoods with concentrations of residents of one or another ethnicities or ancestries will express those cultures. It is what makes the North End in Boston so fun to visit for the Italian restaurants, bakeries, culture, and charm, and similarly, why people enjoy visiting Chinatown in San Francisco.
In the Town Center neighborhood in Greenlawn, NY, residents most commonly identify their ethnicity or ancestry as Italian (29.9%). There are also a number of people of Irish ancestry (26.3%), and residents who report English roots (13.7%), and some of the residents are also of German ancestry (13.7%), along with some Polish ancestry residents (7.1%), among others.
The most common language spoken in the Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood is English, spoken by 93.8% of households.
How you get to work – car, bus, train or other means – and how much of your day it takes to do so is a large quality of life and financial issue. Especially with gasoline prices rising and expected to continue doing so, the length and means of one's commute can be a financial burden. Some neighborhoods are physically located so that many residents have to drive in their own car, others are set up so many walk to work, or can take a train, bus, or bike. The greatest number of commuters in Greenlawn Town Center neighborhood spend between 15 and 30 minutes commuting one-way to work (27.6% of working residents), which is shorter than the time spent commuting to work for most Americans.
Here most residents (74.0%) drive alone in a private automobile to get to work. In addition, quite a number also carpool with coworkers, friends, or neighbors to get to work (13.6%) and 10.5% of residents also take the train for their daily commute. In a neighborhood like this, as in most of the nation, many residents find owning a car useful for getting to work.
44 Vital Statistics. 5 Condition Alerts found.
136 Vital Statistics. 0 Condition Alerts found.
(100 is the most diverse)
67 Vital Statistics. 3 Condition Alerts found.
(100 is safest)
Violent | Property | Total | |
Number of Crimes | |||
Crime Rate
(per 1,000 residents) |
(100 is safest)
Index |
Index |
Index |
Index |
100 is safest |
100 is safest |
100 is safest |
100 is safest |
Crime | |
Town Center | 0.101011101001110 |
Greenlawn | 0.101011101001110 |
New York State | 3.80 |
Murder | Rape | Robbery | Assault | |
Report Total | ||||
Rate per 1,000 |
Murder | Rape | Robbery | Assault | |
Report Total | ||||
Rate per 1,000 |
(100 is safest)
Index |
Index |
Motor Vehicle
Theft |
100 is safest |
100 is safest |
100 is safest |
Crime | |
Town Center | 0.101011101001110 |
Greenlawn | 0.101011101001110 |
New York State | 16.04 |
burglary | theft | motor vehicle theft | |
Report Total | |||
Rate per 1,000 |
burglary | theft | motor vehicle theft | |
Report Total | |||
Rate per 1,000 |
Crime | |
Town Center | 0.101011101001110 |
Greenlawn | 0.101011101001110 |
New York State | 41 |
65 Vital Statistics. 9 Condition Alerts found.
Adults In Neighborhood With College Degree Or Higher | |
Children In The Neighborhood Living In Poverty |
Discipline | District | State |
Proficiency in Reading and Math | 0.101011101001110 | 0.101011101001110 |
Proficiency in Reading | 0.101011101001110 | 0.101011101001110 |
Proficiency in Math | 0.101011101001110 | 0.101011101001110 |
School Details | Grades | Quality Rating Compared to NY | Quality Rating Compared to Nation |
Oldfield Middle School
2 Oldfield Rd Greenlawn, NY, 11740 |
06-08 | ||
Thomas J Lahey Elementary School
625 Pulaski Rd Greenlawn, NY, 11740 |
03-05 | ||
Washington Drive Primary School
95 Washington Dr Centerport, NY, 11721 |
Harborfields High School
98 Taylor Ave Greenlawn, NY, 11740 |
09-12 |
Ethnic/racial Groups | This District | This State |
White (non-hispanic) | ||
Black | ||
Hispanic | ||
Asian Or Pacific Islander | ||
American Indian Or Native Of Alaska |
Economic Groups | This District | This State |
For This District | Per Student | Total | % Of Total |
Instructional Expenditures | |||
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Student | |||
Staff | |||
General Administration | |||
School Administration | |||
Operation | |||
Transportation | |||
Other | |||
Total Support | |||
Non-instructional Expenditures | |||
Total Expenditures |
328 Vital Statistics. 5 Condition Alerts found.
Appreciation Potential (3 years)
1=Very Low
5=Rising Star
Time Period | Total Appreciation | Avg. Annual Rate |
Compared To
Metro* |
Compared To
America* |
3 Year Forecast:
Latest Quarter:
Last 12 Months:
Last 2 Years:
Last 5 Years:
Last 10 Years:
Since 2000:
* 10 is highest |
Factors likely to drive home values upward over the next few years or indicators of upward trends already underway.
Impediments to home value appreciation over the next few years or indicators of negative trends already underway.
Price advantage score
1=Strong Disadvantage
3=Similar Price
5=Strong Advantage
Distance from Location | Population 5 years ago | Current Population | Percent Change |
Half Mile | |||
1 Mile | |||
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15 Miles | |||
25 Miles | |||
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Forecasts of potential occurrences or non-occurrences of future conditions and events are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ materially from what is predicted in any information provided by location inc. Nothing contained in or generated by a Location Inc. Product or services is, or should be relied upon as, a promise or representation as to the future performance or prediction of real estate values. No representation is made as to the accuracy of any forecast, estimate, or projection. Location Inc. Makes no express or implied warranty and all information and content is provided "As is" without any warranties of any kind. Location inc. Expressly disclaims any warranty of accuracy or predictability, and any warranty of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Location Inc. Further disclaims any liability for damages, loss, or injury arising out of the use this site and the data. All risks associated with using the site and the data are borne by the user at user's sole cost and expense. By using the site you agree to our
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Alhambra Print Skirt, Khaki
Sign up now to get your own personal style guide to what to wear and to see clothes recommendations from over 500 retailers.
What the retailer says
Prints are always a stylishly effortless way for any outfit stand out; and this khaki, alhambra print skirt shouldn`t be an excpetion. It`s inside lining and elastic waistband takes credit for its extra flattering, drap- like fit., Midi Skirt, 100% Viscose, Machine wash delicate.


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Doha الدوحة ad-Dawḥa |
City | |
Doha skyline at the morning
Nickname(s): . | |
Location of Doha within Qatar | |
Coordinates: 25°17′12″N 51°32′0″E / 25.28667°N 51.53333°ECoordinates: 25°17′12″N 51°32′0″E / 25.28667°N 51.53333°E | |
Country | Qatar |
Municipality | Ad-Dawhah |
Established | 1825 |
Area | |
• City | 132 km2 (51 sq mi) |
Population (2016)[1] | |
• City | 1,351,000 |
• Density | 10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | N/A |
Time zone | AST (UTC+3) |
Doha (Arabic: الدوحة, ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa; Arabic pronunciation: [addawħa] DAW-ha, literally in MSA: "the big tree", locally: "rounded bays")[2] is the capital city and most populous city of the State of Qatar. Doha has a population of 1,351,000 in a city proper with the population close to 1.5 million.[1] The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country. It is Qatar's fastest growing city, with over 50% of the nation's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and it is also the economic center of the country.
Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda. It was officially declared as the country's capital in 1971, when Qatar gained independence.[3] As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centers in the Middle East, Doha is considered a world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Doha accommodates Education City, an area devoted to research and education.
The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations. It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events, including the 2006 Asian Games, the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. In December 2011, the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha.[4] Additionally, the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host a large number of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
In May 2015, Doha was officially recognized as one of the New7Wonders Cities together with Vigan, La Paz, Durban, Havana, Beirut, and Kuala Lumpur.[5]
The name "Doha" may have originated from the Arabic Ad-Dawḥa, "the big tree".[6] The reference might be to a prominent tree that stood at the site where the original fishing village arose, on the eastern coast of the Qatar peninsula. Alternatively, it may have been derived from "dohat" — Arabic for bay or gulf — referring to the Doha Bay area surrounding the Corniche.[2]
Establishment of Al Bidda[edit]
The city of Doha was formed after seceding from another local settlement known as Al Bidda. The earliest documented mention of Al Bidda was made in 1681, by the Carmelite Convent, in an account which chronicles several settlements in Qatar. In the record, the ruler and a fort in the confines of Al Bidda are alluded to.[7][8] Carsten Niebuhr, a European explorer who visited the Arabian Peninsula, created one of the first maps to depict the settlement in 1765 in which he labelled it as 'Guttur'.[7][9]
David Seaton, a British political resident in Muscat, wrote the first English record of Al Bidda in 1801. He refers to the town as 'Bedih' and describes the geography and defensive structures in the area.[10] He stated that the town had recently been settled by the Sudan tribe (Al-Suwaidi), whom he considered to be pirates. Seaton attempted to bombard the town with his warship, but returned to Muscat upon finding that the waters were too shallow to position his warship within striking distance.[11][12]
In 1820, British surveyor R.H. Colebrook, who visited Al Bidda, remarked on the recent depopulation of the town. He wrote:[11][13]
Guttur – Or Ul Budee [Al‐Bidda], once a considerable town, is protected by two square Ghurries [forts] near the sea shore; but containing no fresh water they are incapable of defence except against sudden incursions of Bedouins, another Ghurry is situated two miles inland and has fresh water with it. This could contain two hundred men. There are remaining at Ul Budee about 250 men, but the original inhabitants, who may be expected to return from Bahrein, will augment them to 900 or 1,000 men, and if the Doasir tribe, who frequent the place as divers, again settle in it, from 600 to 800 men.
The same year, an agreement known as the General Maritime Treaty was signed between the East India Company and the sheikhs of several Persian Gulf settlements (some of which were later known as the Trucial Coast). It acknowledged British authority in the Persian Gulf and sought to end piracy and the slave trade. Bahrain became a party to the treaty, and it was assumed that Qatar, perceived as a dependency of Bahrain by the British, was also a party to it.[14] Qatar, however, was not asked to fly the prescribed Trucial flag.[15] As punishment for alleged piracy committed by the inhabitants of Al Bidda and breach of treaty, an East India Company vessel bombarded the town in 1821. They razed the town, forcing between 300 and 400 natives to flee and temporarily take shelter on the islands between the Qatar and the Trucial Coast.[16]
Formation of Doha[edit]
Doha was founded in the vicinity of Al Bidda sometime during the 1820s.[17] In January 1823, political resident John MacLeod visited Al Bidda to meet with the ruler and initial founder of Doha, Buhur bin Jubrun, who was also the chief of the Al-Buainain tribe.[17][18] MacLeod noted that Al Bidda was the only substantial trading port in the peninsula during this time. Following the founding of Doha, written records often conflated Al Bidda and Doha due to the extremely close proximity of the two settlements.[17] Later that year, Lt. Guy and Lt. Brucks mapped and wrote a description of the two settlements. Despite being mapped as two separate entities, they were referred to under the collective name of Al Bidda in the written description.[19][20]
In 1828, Mohammed bin Khamis, a prominent member of the Al-Buainain tribe and successor of Buhur bin Jubrun as chief of Al Bidda, was embroiled in controversy. He had murdered a native of Bahrain, prompting the Al Khalifa sheikh to imprison him. In response, the Al-Buainain tribe revolted, provoking the Al Khalifa to destroy the tribe's fort and evict them to Fuwayrit and Ar Ru'ays. This incident allowed the Al Khalifa additional jurisdiction over the town.[21][22] With essentially no effective ruler, Al Bidda and Doha became a sanctuary for pirates and outlaws.[23]
In November 1839, an outlaw from Abu Dhabi named Ghuleta took refuge in Al Bidda, evoking a harsh response from the British. A.H. Nott, a British naval commander, demanded that Salemin bin Nasir Al-Suwaidi, chief of the Sudan tribe in Al Bidda, take Ghuleta into custody and warned him of consequences in the case of non-compliance. Al-Suwaidi obliged the British request in February 1840 and also arrested the pirate Jasim bin Jabir and his associates. Despite the compliance, the British demanded a fine of 300 German krones in compensation for the damages incurred by pirates off the coast of Al Bidda; namely for the piracies committed by bin Jabir. In February 1841, British naval squadrons arrived in Al Bidda and ordered Al-Suwaidi to meet the British demand, threatening consequences if he declined. Al-Suwaidi ultimately declined on the basis that he was uninvolved in bin Jabir's actions. On 26 February, the British fired on Al Bidda, striking a fort and several houses. Al-Suwaidi then paid the fine in full following threats of further action by the British.[23][24]
Isa bin Tarif, a powerful tribal chief from the Al Bin Ali tribe, moved to Doha in May 1843. He subsequently evicted the ruling Sudan tribe and installed the Al-Maadeed and Al-Kuwari tribes in positions of power.[25] Bin Tarif had been loyal to the Al Khalifa, however, shortly after the swearing in of a new ruler in Bahrain, bin Tarif grew increasingly suspicious of the ruling Al Khalifa and switched his allegiance to the deposed ruler of Bahrain, Abdullah bin Khalifa, whom he had previously assisted in deposing of. Bin Tarif died in the Battle of Fuwayrit against the ruling family of Bahrain in 1847.[25]
Arrival of Al Thani[edit]
The Al Thani migrated to Doha from Fuwayrit shortly after Bin Tarif's death in 1847 under the leadership of Mohammed bin Thani.[26][27] In the proceeding years, the Al Thani assumed control of the town. At various times, they swapped allegiances between the two prevailing powers in the area: the Al Khalifa and the Saudis.[26]
In 1867, a large number of ships and troops were sent from Bahrain to assault the towns Al Wakrah and Doha over a series of disputes. Abu Dhabi joined on Bahrain's behalf due to the conception that Al Wakrah served as a refuge for fugitives from Oman. Later that year, the combined forces sacked the two Qatari towns with around 2,700 men in what would come to be known as the Qatari–Bahraini War.[28][29] A British record later stated "that the towns of Doha and Wakrah were, at the end of 1867 temporarily blotted out of existence, the houses being dismantled and the inhabitants deported".[30]
The joint Bahraini-Abu Dhabi incursion and subsequent Qatari counterattack prompted the British political agent, Colonel Lewis Pelly, to impose a settlement in 1868. Pelly's mission to Bahrain and Qatar and the peace treaty that resulted were milestones in Qatar's history. It implicitly recognized the distinctness of Qatar from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Mohammed bin Thani as an important representative of the peninsula's tribes.[31]
Shortly after the war, the Ottomans took up a rather nominal control of the country, constructing a base in Doha, with the acquiescence of Jassim Al Thani who wished to consolidate his control of the area. Prior to this, the town of Doha served as a stronghold for Bedouin fighters who resisted Ottoman rule.[32] By December 1871, Jassim Al Thani authorized the Ottomans to send 100 troops and equipment to Al Bidda.[33] Major Ömer Bey compiled a report on Al Bidda in January 1872, stating that it was an "administrative centre" with around 1,000 houses and 4,000 inhabitants.[34]
Disagreement over tribute and interference in internal affairs arose, eventually leading to the Battle of Al Wajbah in March 1893. Al Bidda fort served as the final point of retreat for Ottoman troops. While they were garrisoned in the fort, their corvette fired indiscriminately at the townspeople, killing a number of civilians.[35] The Ottomans eventually surrendered after Jassim Al Thani's troops cut off the town's water supply.[36] An Ottoman report compiled the same year reported that Al Bidda and Doha had a combined population of 6,000 inhabitants, jointly referring to both towns by the name of 'Katar'. Doha was classified as the eastern section of Katar.[34][37] The Ottomans held a passive role in Qatar's politics from the 1890s onward until fully relinquishing control during the beginning of the first World War.[14]
20th century[edit]
Pearling had come to play a pivotal commercial role in Doha by the 20th century. The population increased to around 12,000 inhabitants in the first half of the 20th century due to the flourishing pearl trade.[38] A British political resident noted that should the supply of pearls drop, Qatar would 'practically cease to exist'.[39] In 1907, the city accommodated 350 pearling boats with a combined crew size of 6,300 men. By this time, the average prices of pearls had more than doubled since 1877.[40] The pearl market collapsed that year, forcing Jassim Al Thani to sell the country's pearl harvest at half its value. The aftermath of the collapse resulted in the establishment of the country's first custom house in Doha.[39]
In April 1913, the Ottomans agreed to a British request that they withdraw all their troops from Qatar. Ottoman presence in the peninsula ceased, when in August 1915, the Ottoman fort in Al Bidda was evacuated shortly after the start of World War I.[41] One year later, Qatar agreed to be a British protectorate with Doha as its official capital.[42][43]
Buildings at the time were simple dwellings of one or two rooms, built from mud, stone and coral. Oil concessions in the 1920s and 1930s, and subsequent oil drilling in 1939, heralded the beginning of slow economic and social progress in the country. However, revenues were somewhat diminished due to the devaluation of pearl trade in the Persian Gulf brought on by introduction of the cultured pearl and the Great Depression.[44] The collapse of the pearl trade caused a significant population drop throughout the entire country.[38] It was not until the 1950s and 1960s that the country saw significant monetary returns from oil drilling.[14]
Qatar was not long in exploiting the new-found wealth from oil concessions, and slum areas were quickly razed to be replaced by more modern buildings. The first formal boys' school was established in Doha in 1952, followed three years later by the establishment of a girls' school.[45] Historically, Doha had been a commercial port of local significance. However, the shallow water of the bay prevented bigger ships from entering the port until the 1970s, when its deep-water port was completed. Further changes followed with extensive land reclamation, which led to the development of the crescent-shaped bay.[46] From the 1950s to 1970s, the population of Doha grew from around 14,000 inhabitants to over 83,000, with foreign immigrants constituting about two-thirds of the overall population.[47]
Qatar officially declared its independence in 1971, with Doha as its capital city.[3] In 1973, the University of Qatar was opened by emiri decree,[48] and in 1975 the Qatar National Museum opened in what was originally the ruler's palace.[49] During the 1970s, all old neighborhoods in Doha were razed and the inhabitants moved to new suburban developments, such as Al Rayyan, Madinat Khalifa and Al Gharafa. The metropolitan area's population grew from 89,000 in the 1970s to over 434,000 in 1997. Additionally, land policies resulted in the total land area increasing to over 7,100 hectares by 1995, an increase from 130 hectares in the middle of the 20th century.[50]
In 1983, a hotel and conference center was developed at the north end of the Corniche. The 15-storey Sheraton hotel structure in this center would serve as the tallest structure in Doha until the 1990s.[50] In 1993, the Qatar Open became the first major sports event to be hosted in the city.[51] Two years later, Qatar stepped in to host the FIFA World Youth Championship, with all the matches being played in Doha-based stadiums.[52]
The Al Jazeera Arabic news channel began broadcasting from Doha in 1996.[53] In the late 1990s, the government planned the construction of Education City, a 2,500 hectare Doha-based complex mainly for educational institutes.[54] Since the start of the 21st century, Doha attained significant media attention due to the hosting of several global events and the inauguration of a number of architectural mega-projects.[55] One of the largest projects launched by the government was The Pearl-Qatar, an artificial island off the coast of West Bay, which launched its first district in 2004.[56] In 2006, Doha was selected to host the Asian Games, leading to the development of a 250-hectare sporting complex known as Aspire Zone.[51] During this time, new cultural attractions were constructed in the city, with older ones being restored. In 2006, the government launched a restoration program to preserve Souq Waqif's architectural and historical identity. Parts constructed after the 1950s were demolished whereas older structures were refurbished. The restoration was completed in 2008.[57] Katara Cultural Village was opened in the city in 2010 and has hosted the Doha Tribeca Film Festival since then.[58]
Doha is located on the central-east portion of Qatar, bordered by the Persian Gulf on its coast. Its elevation is 10 m (33 ft).[59] Doha is highly urbanized. Land reclamation off the coast has added 400 hectares of land and 30 km of coastline.[60] Half of the 22 km² of surface area which Hamad International Airport was constructed on was reclaimed land.[61] The geology of Doha is primarily composed of weathered unconformity on the top of the Eocene period Dammam Formation, forming dolomitic limestone.[62]
The Pearl is an artificial island in Doha with a surface area of nearly 400 ha (1,000 acres)[63] The total project has been estimated to cost $15 billion upon completion.[64] Other islands off Doha's coast include Palm Tree Island, Shrao's Island, Al Safia Island, and Alia Island.[65]
Doha has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). Summer is very long, from May to September, when its average high temperatures surpass 38 °C (100 °F) and often approach 45 °C (113 °F). Humidity is usually the lowest in May and June. Dewpoints can surpass 30 °C (86 °F) in the summer. Throughout the summer, the city averages almost no precipitation, and less than 20 mm (0.79 in) during other months.[66] Rainfall is scarce, at a total of 75 mm (2.95 in) per year, falling on isolated days mostly between October to March. Winters are cool and the temperature rarely drops below 7 °C (45 °F).[67]
Climate data for Doha (1962–2013, extremes 1962–2013) | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
46.0 (114.8) |
47.7 (117.9) |
49.0 (120.2) |
50.4 (122.7) |
48.3 (118.9) |
45.5 (113.9) |
43.4 (110.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
32.7 (90.9) |
50.4 (122.7) |
Average high °C (°F) | 22 (72) |
23.4 (74.1) |
27.3 (81.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
38.8 (101.8) |
41.6 (106.9) |
41.9 (107.4) |
40.9 (105.6) |
38.9 (102) |
35.4 (95.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
33.05 (91.49) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
18.5 (65.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.8 (94.6) |
32.8 (91) |
29.5 (85.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
Average low °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
26.1 (79) |
28.5 (83.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30 (86) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) |
5.0 (41) |
8.2 (46.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
22.4 (72.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.2 (0.52) |
17.1 (0.673) |
16.1 (0.634) |
8.7 (0.343) |
3.6 (0.142) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
1.1 (0.043) |
3.3 (0.13) |
12.1 (0.476) |
75.2 (2.961) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 8.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 71 | 70 | 63 | 52 | 44 | 41 | 49 | 55 | 62 | 63 | 66 | 71 | 59 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 244.9 | 224.0 | 241.8 | 273.0 | 325.5 | 342.0 | 325.5 | 328.6 | 306.0 | 303.8 | 276.0 | 241.8 | 3,432.9 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 9.4 |
Source #1: NOAA[67] | |||||||||||||
Source #2: Qatar Meteorological Department (Climate Normals 1962–2013)[68] |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Historical population | ||
Year | Pop. | ±% |
1820[11] | 250 | — |
1893[34] | 6,000 | +2300.0% |
1970[70] | 80,000 | +1233.3% |
1986[3] | 217,294 | +171.6% |
2001[71] | 299,300 | +37.7% |
2004[3] | 339,847 | +13.5% |
2005[72][73] | 400,051 | +17.7% |
2010[74] | 796,947 | +99.2% |
c-census; e-estimate |
A significant portion of Qatar's population resides within the confines of Doha and its metropolitan area.[75] The district with the highest population density is the central area of Al Najada, which also accommodates the highest total population in the country. The population density across the greater Doha region ranges from 20,000 people per km² to 25 people per km².[76]
The following table is the total population of the wider Doha metropolitan area.[77]
Year | Metro population |
1997 | 434,000[50] |
2004 | 644,000[78] |
2008 | 998,651[79] |
The following table is a breakdown of registered live births by nationality and sex for Doha. Places of birth are based on the home municipality of the mother at birth.[77][80]
Registered live births by nationality and sex | |||||||||
Year | Qatari | Non-Qatari | Total | ||||||
M | F | Total | M | F | Total | M | F | Total | |
2001 | 1,045 | 1,035 | 2,080 | 1,878 | 1,741 | 3,619 | 2,923 | 2,776 | 5,699 |
2002 | 932 | 943 | 1,875 | 1,877 | 1,780 | 3,657 | 2,809 | 2,723 | 5,532 |
2003 | 1,104 | 1,068 | 2,172 | 2,064 | 1,963 | 4,027 | 3,168 | 3,031 | 6,199 |
2004 | 1,054 | 1,000 | 2,054 | 1,946 | 1,814 | 3,760 | 3,000 | 2,814 | 5,814 |
2005 | 867 | 900 | 1,767 | 2,007 | 1,892 | 3,899 | 2,874 | 2,792 | 5,666 |
2006 | 961 | 947 | 1,908 | 2,108 | 2,008 | 4,116 | 3,069 | 2,955 | 6,024 |
2007 | 995 | 918 | 1,913 | 2,416 | 2,292 | 4,708 | 3,411 | 3,210 | 6,621 |
2008 | 955 | 895 | 1,850 | 2,660 | 2,623 | 5,283 | 3,615 | 3,518 | 7,133 |
2009 | 1,098 | 1,043 | 2,141 | 3,025 | 2,954 | 5,979 | 4,123 | 3,997 | 8,120 |
2010[81] | 840 | 831 | 1,671 | 3,079 | 2,840 | 5,919 | 3,919 | 3,671 | 7,590 |
2011[82] | 926 | 933 | 1,859 | 3,400 | 3,180 | 6,580 | 4,326 | 4,113 | 8,439 |
Ethnicity and languages[edit]
The population of Doha is overwhelmingly composed of expatriates, with Qatari nationals forming a minority. The largest portion of expatriates in Qatar are from South-East and South Asian countries, mainly India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Philippines, and Bangladesh with large numbers of expatriates also coming from the Levant Arab countries, North Africa, and East Asia. Doha is also home to a large number of expatriates from Europe, North America, South Africa, and Australia.[83]
Arabic is the official language of Qatar. English is commonly used as a second language,[84] and a rising lingua franca, especially in commerce.[85] As there is a large expatriate population in Doha, languages such as Malayalam, Tagalog, Spanish, French, Urdu and Hindi are widely spoken.[83]
In 2004, the Foreign Ownership of Real Estate Law was passed, permitting non-Qatari citizens to buy land in designated areas of Doha, including the West Bay Lagoon, the Qatar Pearl, and the new Lusail City.[55] Prior to this, expatriates were prohibited from owning land in Qatar. Ownership by foreigners in Qatar entitles them to a renewable residency permit, which allows them to live and work in Qatar.[75]
Each month, thousands immigrate to Qatar, and as a result, Doha has witnessed explosive growth rates in population. Doha's population currently stands at around one million,[79] with the population of the city more than doubling from 2000 to 2010. Due to the high influx of expatriates, the Qatari housing market saw a shortage of supply which led to a rise in prices and increased inflation. The gap in the housing market between supply and demand has narrowed, however, and property prices have fallen in some areas following a period which saw rents triple in some areas.[86]
According to Qatar Chamber, expatriate workers have remitted $60bn between 2006 and 2012. 54 percent of the workers' remittances of $60bn were routed to Asian countries, followed by Arab nations that accounted for nearly half that volume (28 percent). India was the top destination of the remittances, followed by the Philippines, while the US, Egypt and the neighbouring UAE trailed.[87]
The majority of residents in Doha are Muslim.[88] Catholics account for over 90% of the 150,000 Christian population in Doha.[89] Following decrees by the Emir for the allocation of land to churches, the first Catholic church, Our Lady of the Rosary, was opened in Doha in March 2008. The church structure is discreet and Christian symbols are not displayed on the outside of the building.[90] Several other churches exist in Doha, including the Syro-Malabar Church, Malankara Orthodox Church, Mar Thoma Church (affiliated with the Anglicans, but not part of the Communion), CSI Church, Syro-Malankara Church and a Pentecostal church. A majority of mosques are either Muwahhid or Sunni-oriented.[91]
At the turn of the 20th century, Doha was divided into 9 main districts.[92] In the 2010 census, there were more than 60 districts recorded in Doha Municipality.[93] Some of the districts of Doha include:
- Al Bidda (البدع)
- Al Dafna (الدفنة)
- Al Ghanim (الغانم)
- Al Markhiya (المرخية)
- Al Sadd (السد)
- Al Waab (الوعب)
- Bin Mahmoud (فريج بن محمود)
- Madinat Khalifa (مدينة خليفة)
- Musheireb (مشيرب)
- Najma (نجمه)
- Old Airport (المطار القديم)
- Qutaifiya (القطيفية)
- Ras Abu Aboud (راس أبو عبود)
- Rumeilah (الرميلة)
- Umm Ghuwailina (ام غو يلينه)
- West Bay (الخليج الغربي)
Shortly after Qatar gained independence, many of the districts of old Doha including Al Najada, Al Asmakh and Old Al Hitmi faced gradual decline and as a result much of their historical architecture has been demolished.[94] Instead, the government shifted their focus toward the Doha Bay area, which housed districts such as Al Dafna and West Bay.[94]
Doha is the economic centre of Qatar. The city is the headquarters of numerous domestic and international organizations, including the country's largest oil and gas companies, Qatar Petroleum, Qatargas and RasGas. Doha's economy is built primarily on the revenue the country has made from its oil and natural gas industries.[95]
Beginning in the late 20th century, the government launched numerous initiatives to diversify the country's economy in order to decrease its dependence on oil and gas resources. Doha International Airport was constructed in a bid to solidify the city's diversification into the tourism industry.[95] This was replaced by Hamad International Airport in 2014. The new airport is almost twice the size of the former and features two of the longest runways in the world.[96]
As a result of Doha's rapid population boom and increased housing demands, real estate prices have raised significantly.[97] Real estate prices experienced a further spike after Qatar won the rights to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[98] Al Asmakh, a Qatari real estate firm, released a report in 2014 which revealed substantial increases in real estate prices following a peak in 2008. Prices increased 5 to 10% in the first quarter of 2014 from the end of 2013.[97][99] A 2015 study conducted by Numbeo, a crowd-sourced database, named Doha as the 10th most expensive city to live in globally.[100] This rate of growth has led to the development of planned communities in and around the city.[101]
Thirty-nine new hotels were under construction in 2011.[102] Doha was included in Fortune's 15 best new cities for business in 2011.[103]
Most traditional architecture in the Old Doha districts have been demolished to make space for new buildings.[94] As a result, a number of schemes have been taken to preserve the city's cultural and architectural heritage, such as the Qatar Museums Authority's 'Al Turath al Hai' ('living heritage') initiative.[104] Katara Cultural Village is a small village in Doha launched by sheikh Tamim Al Thani to preserve the cultural identity of the country.[105]
In 2011, more than 50 towers were under construction in Doha,[102] the largest of which was the Doha Convention Center Tower.[106] Constructions were suspended in 2012 following concerns that the tower would impede flight traffic.[107]
In 2014, Abdullah Al Attiyah, a senior government official, announced that Qatar would be spending $65bn on new infrastructure projects in upcoming years in preparation for the 2022 World Cup as well as progressing towards its objectives set out in the Qatar National Vision 2030.[108]
Due to excessive heat from the sun during the summer, some Doha-based building companies have implemented various forms of cooling technology to alleviate the extremely torrid climatic conditions. This can include creating optical phenomena such as shadows, as well as more expensive techniques like ventilation, coolants, refrigerants, cryogenics, and dehumidifiers.[109] Discussions regarding temperature control have also been features of various scheduled events involving large crowds.[110] There are other initiatives that attempt to counter the heat by altering working hours, weather alteration methods such as cloud seeding.,[111][112] and using whiter and brighter construction materials to increase the albedo effects.[113] Nonetheless, despite these measures, Doha and other areas of Qatar could become uninhabitable for humans due to climate change by the 2070s.[114]
Planned communities[edit]
One of the largest projects underway in Qatar is Lusail City, a planned community north of Doha which is estimated to be completed by 2020 at a cost of approximately $45bn. It is designed to accommodate 450,000 people.[115] Al Waab City, another planned community under development, is estimated to cost QR15 bn.[116] In addition to housing 8,000 individuals, it will also have shopping malls, educational, and medical facilities.[116]
Since 2004, Doha has been undergoing a huge expansion to its transportation network, including the addition of new highways, the opening of a new airport in 2014, and the currently ongoing construction of an 85 km metro system. This has all been as a result of Doha's massive growth in a short period of time, which has resulted in congestion on its roads. The first phase of the metro system is expected to be operational by 2019.[117]
In 2015, the Public Works Authority declared their plan to construct a free-flowing road directly linking Al-Wakrah and Mesaieed to Doha in order to decrease traffic congestion in the city. It is set for completion by 2018.[118]
Doha is the educational center of the country and contains the highest preponderance of schools and colleges.[70] In 1952, the first formal boys' school was opened in Doha. This was proceeded by the opening of the first formal girls' school three years later.[119] The first university in the state, Qatar University, was opened in 1973.[120] It provided separate faculties for both men and women.[121]
Education City, a 14 km2 education complex launched by non-profit organization Qatar Foundation, began construction in 2000.[122] It houses eight universities, the country's top high school, and offices for Al Jazeera's children television channel.[122]
In 2009, the government launched the World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE), a global forum that brings together education stakeholders, opinion leaders and decision makers from all over the world to discuss educational issues.[123] The first edition was held in Doha in November 2009.[124]
Some of the universities in Doha include:
- Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar
- Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar
- Hamad Bin Khalifa University
- Cornell University[125]
- Harvard University[125]
- Yale University[125]
- HEC Paris
- Northwestern University in Qatar
- Texas A&M University at Qatar
- UCL Qatar[126]
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
- CHN University
- College of the North Atlantic
- Qatar University
- Qatar Faculty of Islamic Studies
- University of Calgary
Football is the most popular sport in Doha. There are seven Doha-based sports clubs with football teams currently competing in the Qatar Stars League, the country's top football league. They are Al Ahli, Al Arabi, Al Sadd, Al Sailiya, El Jaish, Lekhwiya and Qatar SC.[127] Al Sadd, Al Arabi and Qatar SC are the three most successful teams in the league's history.[128]
Numerous football tournaments have been hosted in Doha. The most prestigious tournaments include the 1988 and 2011 editions of the AFC Asian Cup[129] and the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship.[52]
In December 2010, Qatar won the rights to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[130] Three of the nine newly announced stadiums will be constructed in Doha, including Sports City Stadium, Doha Port Stadium, and Qatar University Stadium. Additionally, the Khalifa International Stadium is set to undergo an expansion.[131]
Doha was the host of the official 2005 FIBA Asia Championship, where Qatar's national basketball team finished 3rd, its best performance to date, and subsequently qualified for the Basketball World Cup.[132]
Doha four times was the host of the official FIVB Volleyball Men's Club World Championship and three times host FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship. Doha one time Host Asian Volleyball Championship.[133]
Other sports[edit]
In 2001, Qatar became the first country in the Middle East to hold a women's tennis tournament: Qatar holds both the Qatar Open for Women and the ladies ITF (International Tennis Federation) tournament. Since 2008, the Sony Ericsson Championships (equivalent to the ATP's season-ending Championships) has taken place in Doha, in the Khalifa International Tennis Complex, and features record prize money of $4.45 million, including a check of $1,485,000 for the winner, which represents the largest single guaranteed payout in women's tennis.[134]).
Doha hosted the 15th Asian Games, held in December 2006, spending a total of $2.8 billion for its preparation.[135] The city also hosted the 3rd West Asian Games in December 2005.[136] Doha was expected to host the 2011 Asian Indoor Games; but the Qatar Olympic Committee cancelled the event.[137]
The city submitted a bid for the 2016 Olympics.[138] On June 4, 2008, the city was eliminated from the shortlist for the 2016 Olympic Games. On August 26, 2011 it was confirmed that Doha would bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[139] Doha however failed to become a Candidate City for the 2020 Games.[140]
The MotoGP motorcycling grand prix of Doha is held annually at Losail International Circuit, located just outside the city boundaries.[141] The city is also the location of the Grand Prix of Qatar for the F1 Powerboat World Championship, annually hosting a round in Doha Bay.[142] Beginning in November 2009, Doha has been host of the The Oryx Cup World Championship, a hydroplane boat race in the H1 Unlimited season. The races take place in Doha Bay.[143]
In April 2012 Doha was awarded the 2014 FINA World Swimming Championships [144] and the 2012 World Squash Championships.[145]
Stadiums and sport complexes[edit]
Aspire Academy was launched in 2004 with the aim of creating world-class athletes. It is situated in the Doha Sports City Complex, which also accommodates the Khalifa International Stadium, the Hamad Aquatic Centre, the Aspire Tower and the Aspire Dome. The latter has hosted more than 50 sporting events since its inception, including some events during the 2006 Asian Games.[146]
Sporting venues in Doha and its suburbs include:
- Hamad bin Khalifa Stadium – Al-Ahli Stadium
- Jassim Bin Hamad Stadium (Al Sadd Stadium)
- Al-Arabi Stadium – Grand Hamad Stadium
- Hamad Aquatic Centre
- Khalifa International Stadium – Main venue for the 2006 Asian Games.
- Khalifa International Tennis and Squash Complex
- Qatar Sports Club Stadium
Doha was chosen as the Arab Capital of Culture in 2010.[147] Cultural weeks organized by the Ministry of Culture, which featured both Arab and non-Arab cultures, were held in Doha from April to June to celebrate the city's selection.[148]
The Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, opened in 2008, is regarded as one of the best museums in the region.[149] This, and several other Qatari museums located in the city, like the Arab Museum of Modern Art, falls under the Qatar Museums Authority (QMA) which is led by Sheikha Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the sister of the emir of Qatar.[150]
Qatar's first radio station, Mosque Radio, began broadcasting in the 1960s from Doha.[151] The multinational media conglomerate Al Jazeera Media Network is based in Doha with its wide variety of channels of which Al Jazeera Arabic, Al Jazeera English, Al Jazeera Documentary Channel, Al Jazeera Mubasher, beIN Sports Arabia and other operations are based in the TV Roundabout in the city.[152] Al-Kass Sports Channel's headquarters is also located in Doha.[153]
The Doha Film Institute (DFI) is an organisation established in 2010 to oversee film initiatives and create a sustainable film industry in Qatar. DFI was founded by H.E. Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani.[154]
The Doha Tribeca Film Festival (DTFF), partnered with the American-based Tribeca Film Festival, was held annually in Doha from 2009 to 2012.[155]
Twin towns and sister cities[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
- Tirana, Albania[citation needed]
- Algiers, Algeria[citation needed]
- Amman, Jordan (since 1995)[citation needed]
- Beijing, China (since 2008)[156]
- Bosaso, Somalia (since 1994)[citation needed]
- Manama, Bahrain[citation needed]
- Marbella, Spain[citation needed]
- Port Louis, Mauritius[citation needed]
- Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom[citation needed]
- Tbilisi, Georgia (since 2012)[citation needed]
- Tunis, Tunisia[citation needed]
Click on the thumbnail to enlarge.
Contrast of old and new zones of Doha from the ISS.
See also[edit]
- Doha Declaration
- Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) talks
- Qatar National Day which is held in Doha every year on December 18
- ^ a b "Doha municipality accounts for 40% of Qatar population". Gulf Times. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ a b Fahmy, Heba (4 April 2015). "What's in a name? The meanings of Qatar districts, explained". Doha News. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d Encyclopædia Britannica. "Doha – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
- ^ "Welcome to the 20th World Petroleum Congress". 20wpc.com. Retrieved 2013-07-29.
- ^ Tejada, Ariel Paolo (9 May 2015). "Vigan declared 'Wonder City'". Manila: The Philippine STAR. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
- ^ Graham, Helga (1978). Arabian time machine: self-portrait of an oil state. William Heinemann Ltd. p. 26. ISBN 978-0434303502.
The word Doha itself is said to mean 'the place of the big tree', as eloquent a comment as any on the sparsity of the vegetation in Qatar, indeed throughout the Persian Gulf generally, in former times.
- ^ a b "Historical references to Doha and Bidda before 1850" (PDF). The Origins of Doha Project. p. 1. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ Billecocq, Xavier Beguin (2003). Le Qatar et les Français: cinq siècles de récits de voyage et de textes d'érudition. Collection Relations Internationales & Culture. ISBN 9782915273007.
- ^ Rahman, Habibur (2006). The Emergence Of Qatar. Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 978-0710312136.
- ^ Carter, Robert. "Origins of Doha Season 1 Archive Report". academia.edu. p. 11. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ a b c "Historical references to Doha and Bidda before 1850" (PDF). The Origins of Doha Project. p. 2. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ Al-Qasimi, Sultan Mohammed (1995). The journals of David Seton in the Gulf 1800-1809. Exeter University Press.
- ^ H. Rahman (2006), p. 36.
- ^ a b c Toth, Anthony. "Qatar: Historical Background." A Country Study: Qatar (Helen Chapin Metz, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (January 1993). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Historical references to Doha and Bidda before 1850" (PDF). The Origins of Doha Project. p. 3. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "'Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915' [793] (948/1782)". qdl.qa. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ a b c "Historical references to Doha and Bidda before 1850" (PDF). The Origins of Doha Project. p. 4. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ H. Rahman (2006), p. 63.
- ^ "Historical references to Doha and Bidda before 1850" (PDF). The Origins of Doha Project. p. 5. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ Brucks, G.B. (1985). Memoir descriptive of the Navigation of the Gulf of Persia in R.H. Thomas (ed) Selections from the records of the Bombay Government No XXIV (1829). New York: Oleander press.
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- ^ a b Florian Wiedmann, Ashraf M. Salama, Alain Thierstein. "Urban evolution of the city of Doha: an investigation into the impact of economic transformations on urban structures" (PDF). p. 47. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
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- ^ Florian Wiedmann, Ashraf M. Salama, Alain Thierstein. "Urban evolution of the city of Doha: an investigation into the impact of economic transformations on urban structures" (PDF). p. 49. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ^ a b Wiedmann, Florian; Salama, Ashraf M (2013). Demystifying Doha: On Architecture and Urbanism in an Emerging City. Ashgate. ISBN 9781409466345.
- ^ Khalil Hanware (21 March 2005). "Pearl-Qatar Towers Lure International Investors". Jeddah: Arab News. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ Exell, Karen; Rico, Trinidad (2014). Cultural Heritage in the Arabian Peninsula: Debates, Discourses and Practices. Ashgate. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-4094-7009-0.
- ^ Elspeth Black. "Katara: The Cultural Village". The Culture Trip. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ^ "Map of Doha, Qatar". Climatemps.com. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "New land by the sea: Economically and socially, land reclamation pays" (PDF). International Association of Dredging Companies. p. 4. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "DEME: Doha Airport Built on Reclaimed Land Becomes Fully Operational". Dredging Today. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Ed Blinkhorn (April 2015). "Geophysical GPR Survey" (PDF). The Origins of Doha Project. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Ron Gluckman (May 2008). "Artificial Islands: In Dubai, a world, and universe of new real estate". Gluckman. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "Say Hello To Pearl Qatar – The World's Most Luxurious Artificial Island". Wonderful Engineering. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "Qatar islands". Online Qatar. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "Doha weather information". Wunderground.com. 2010-06-10. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
- ^ a b "Doha International Airport Climate Normals 1962-1992". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
- ^ "Climate Information For Doha". Qatar Meteorological Department. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
- ^ "Monthly Doha water temperature chart". Seatemperatures.org. Retrieved 2014-01-20.
- ^ a b Abdulla Juma Kobaisi. "The Development of Education in Qatar, 1950–1970" (PDF). Durham University. p. 11. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ "Doha". Tiscali.co.uk. 1984-02-21. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
- ^ "Sheraton Doha Hotel & Resort | Hotel discount bookings in Qatar". Hotelrentalgroup.com. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
- ^ "hotelsdoha.eu". hotelsdoha.eu. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
- ^ "Qatar population statistics". geohive.com. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b Marco Dilenge. "Dubai and Doha: Unparalleled Expansion" (PDF). Crown Records Management UK. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ "Facts and figures". lusail.com. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Population statistics". Qatar Information Exchange. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ World and Its Peoples. Marshall Cavendish. 2006. p. 61.
- ^ a b "Doha 2016 Summer Olympic Games Bid". Gamesbids.com. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
- ^ "WELCOME TO Qatar Statistics Authority WEBSITE :". Qsa.gov.qa. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
- ^ "Births and deaths in 2010" (PDF). Qatar Information Exchange. Qatar Statistics Authority. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- ^ "Births and deaths in 2011" (PDF). Qatar Information Exchange. Qatar Statistics Authority. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- ^ a b Humaira Tasnim, Abhay Valiyaveettil, Dr. Ingmar Weber, Venkata Kiran Garimella. "Socio-geographic map of Doha". Qatar Computing Research Institute. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Baker, Colin; Jones, Sylvia Prys (1998). Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters. p. 429. ISBN 978-1853593628.
- ^ Guttenplan, D. D. (11 June 2012). "Battling to Preserve Arabic From English's Onslaught". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
- ^ "Breaking News, UAE, GCC, Middle East, World News and Headlines - Emirates 24/7". Business24-7.ae. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
- ^ "Expatriates Remit $60bn in 7 years".
- ^ "Religious demography of Qatar" (PDF). US Department of State. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Doha. |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Doha. |
- Doha travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Projects in Doha and Major Construction and Architectural Developments
- Information and History of Doha


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MALOUGHNEY Family Tree and MALOUGHNEY Genealogy Records
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MALOUGHNEY Family History and MALOUGHNEY Family Genealogy Journals
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Samuel John GAMMAN + Eliza WOODCOCK - Canterbury & Manawatu
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