text: Super Bowl Features Secaucus Mayor Mike Gonnelli says NFL broke 2 contracts, costing the town a Super Bowl related pay-day Secaucus Mayor Mike Gonnelli says the NFL broke two contracts with his town, leaving them without an expected cash influx. Gonnelli says the NFL promised You need the latest version of the Adobe Flash Player to view the video related to this article. Download Now. Several of the 15 hotels in Secaucus were booked solid for this weekend. (2/1/14) Like Tweet Share Pin Email 0 Comments Updated February 1, 2014 6:20 PM SECAUCUS - Secaucus Mayor Mike Gonnelli says the NFL broke two contracts with his town, leaving them without an expected cash influx. Gonnelli says the NFL promised to promote the Super Bowl with banners in downtown Secaucus. "I was in Manhattan the other day and every pole had a Super Bowl banner," said the mayor. "There's not even a hint the Super Bowl is here. That was a slap in the face to all of us here in New Jersey. I do not have this warm, fuzzy feeling for what the NFL is doing in New Jersey." The other deal involved Secaucus High School, which is close to MetLife Stadium. The NFL was to use the space as staging area for the halftime show. Gonnelli says the NFL pulled out of the deal last week, losing $35,000 for the town. The NFL has not commented on the contracts, but it has said recently that it tried to spread events through New Jersey and New York, including Media Day in Newark. The team hotels are in Jersey City. Local Secaucus businesses told News 12 that they have not seen an increase in business due to Super Bowl-related traffic. However, several of the 15 hotels in Secaucus were booked solid for this weekend. News 12 spoke with one hotel owner who said there are only two rooms left, and they're being offered for more than $500 each. Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter More on this topic Info on Super Bowl Events Meadowlands Huddle Zone Super Bowl Events Calandar Super Bowl BoulevardPhotos of Super Bowl Boulevard in New York City advertisement | advertise on News 12 Trending Video 3:21 1 New Jersey Sportscast, March 27 1:47 2 Lawyer files motion to dismiss murder charges against viral video star 1:52 3 Decision expected on possible Westminster Choir College closing 0:21 4 Man who allegedly held child hostage charged with kidnapping 3:11 5 New Jersey Weather Forecast advertisement | advertise on News 12


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Maglev article link
Thanks for checking out my blog. In addition to my personal website I figured it's worthwhile to create a blog showing more up to date work. That being said, I'll probably post some old work once in a while too.
Monday, April 11, 2016
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Tracing the Children of Jacob Hoover
Jacob and Anna Maria (___) Hoover both died in German Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania in 1800 and 1808, respectively. Their children can not be found in the township after 1816. Where did they go?
Jacob and Anna Maria (___) Hoover both died in German Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania in 1800 and 1808, respectively. Their children can not be found in the township after 1816. Where did they go?
Researching an individual is particularly difficult when they have a common name. It is even more difficult if there is more than one person of the same name in the same general location at apparently the same time. Such is the case with Christian Hoover of Hempfield Township, Lancaster County.
Abstracts are an invaluable source of information for genealogical research. They allow you to compile more information in less time across multiple family lines. But if they include ambiguously worded or incorrect information, they can also cause confusion.
Adding source information in Reunion for Mac is a straightforward process. Adding source information efficiently can be a little more tricky. This post shows how I've approached the problem.
If you use Reunion for the Mac for your genealogy program, here are a couple of web sites that provide instructional videos on how to better use the application.
Can you judge a piece of research simply by looking at the source list? Is a long list of sources a guarantee of the quality of the research?
Have your really proven your ancestry? Finding information online is great, but should only be considered a first step. To prove your ancestry you need to verify sources and references. Rootsweb Review has a good article on how.
Here's my bit of wisdom for a Wednesday: don't stop your research into a document at the abstract. Find the full document.
In looking for information about Roxburghshire, Scotland I came across the FamilySearch Wiki information on Scotland. This site includes information on all the Scottish counties, including information on available records (census, court records, civil registration, etc.), maps, and its parishes. The parish pages will tell you about the records available for that parish, including church […]
One of the joys of browsing other genealogy blogs—besides getting ideas on how to organize information, which always intrigues the designer in me—is finding new goodies to help my research. So, hat's off to Kathleen Moore for finding and posting two helpful maps of Scotland in her blog "The Misadventures of a Genealogist". The first […]


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Township Of Washington NJ Real Estate & Homes for Sale24 Properties Found
The median home value in Township Of Washington, NJ is $483,900.
This is
higher than
the county median home value of $428,700.
The national median home value is $185,800.
The average price of homes sold in Township Of Washington, NJ is $483,900.
Approximately 88.59% of Township Of Washington homes are owned,
compared to 7.06% rented, while
4.34% are vacant.
Township Of Washington real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale.
Commercial properties are also available.
If you see a property you're interested in, contact a Township Of Washington real estate agent to arrange a tour today!
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1 - 24 of 24 Properties Displayed
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Courtesy: COLDWELL BANKER, RIDGEWOOD
View additional infoWell maintained Large colonial, located in desirable west side of town. Side Entry access to private suite, great for Mom and Dad (or as set up now for Professional Office w/2 room and waiting area). Entry Foyer, formal Large Living Room, Formal Dining Room with French door to deck and private yard. Modern Eat-in-Kitchen/granite counters, large eating area and French door to yard. Master Bedroom Suite/Master Bath with Jacuzzi & skylight. Partially finished basement. 2 tier deck, circular driveway, lots of parking space, convenient location, build 1985 close to everything. A great value!!
Courtesy: KELLER WILLIAMS VILLAGE SQUARE REALTY
View additional infoThis spacious 3 bed, 1.5 bath Split-Level home is nestled in a lovely, tree lined neighborhood, on nearly 1/2 acre of sprawling property. Whether you renovate or expand, this home offers a fabulous, open-floor plan living space and a great layout for entertaining. Lovely tiled entry foyer, hardwood floors on the main level and bedrooms, and the light-filled living room with large windows enhance the open feel of this home. Lots of great storage and closets, and access through the laundry room to the deep backyard as well as the attached garage. Newer Hot Water Heater. With such a generous lot size and easy access to commuting, shopping and great schools, this is an opportunity you won't want to miss!
Courtesy: VENTURE VR REALTORS
View additional infoGorgeous one of a kind custom home built to PERFECTION! The builders of this home took extra care in designing every inch of this beautiful colonial that is as impressive inside as it is from the outside. Beautiful and spacious living room, brand new kitchen with new appliances, spacious and inviting dining room, 4 large bedrooms including a master bedroom and master bath, full finished basement.. this house is class and sophistication set in the desirable neighborhood of Washington Township with great schools. Don't miss out home will not last !!!
Courtesy: COLDWELL BANKER, HILLSDALE
View additional infoWelcome to Washington Grand one of North Jersey's most sought after 55+ communities. You will love this beautiful 2 Bedroom 2 Bath spacious unit featuring a granite kitchen with tile back splash, custom pull out cabinets and tile floor open to the large living room/dining room. The sunny master bedroom offers a walk-in closet and master bath with double corian counter sinks and walk-in shower with seat. The second bedroom offers lovely built in shelves and murphy bed! Perfect for when guests visit. The guest bathroom offers a soaking tub with shower. Enjoy a cup of tea on your private balcony. There is a stacked laundry closet in the unit! The Grand boasts a beautiful resort like court yard with heated pool and whirlpool. Enjoy reading a book in the gazebo or lounging in the manicured court yard. You can also enjoy the grand ballroom where many parties happen! The grand also offers a cardroom, gym and other areas to read or play games. Underground parking and storage unit!
Courtesy: KELLER WILLIAMS TOWN LIFE
View additional infoGreat opportunity to own this 3 bedroom, 1.5 bath, updated kitchen in 2009. Full semi finished basement includes family room with bar, Laundry, office and utility and storage room. Interior access from attached garage. Great location, Newer furnace, newer front steps, Hardwood floors as in. Ready to move right in. Being sold as is.
Courtesy: WEICHERT REALTORS, FORT LEE
View additional infoWashington Township 4 bedrooms 2.5 baths totally renovated ranch on a 109x200 lot great layout hardwood floors throughout living room, dining room,modern open eat in kitchen with granite counters family room with a door to a large deck and fenced backyard great for entertaining.Master bedroom master bath three additional bedrooms one and a half modern bath full basement central air,oil heat above ground tank. great location very convenient to public transportation schools and shopping.
Courtesy: KELLER WILLIAMS VILLAGE SQUARE REALTY
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Courtesy: KELLER WILLIAMS VALLEY REALTY
View additional infoCome and see what awaits you in this spacious Bi-level style home. Welcomed by gleaming hardwood, spacious living and dining room and a nice eat in kitchen. Updated baths, new oak handrails and foyer banisters. New garage doors and openers. Great curb appeal in an area of higher priced homes. Rear yard and deck in as is condition. Contingent seller finding home, actively looking.
Courtesy: COLDWELL BANKER, HILLSDALE
View additional infoImmaculate bright townhouse:two story entry foyer, lovely eat in kitchen with stainless steel appliances and granite counter, hardwood floor. Beautiful large living/dining room with sliding door to private patio.Second floor features huge master bedroom w/master bath and double closet. Second bedroom w/walk in closet and bathroom.Nice exterior entry. Amenities include pool, tennis, unlimited parking,child playground and gorgeous pond.Quiet but close to everything.
Courtesy: ERA/JUSTIN REALTY CO.
View additional infoHappiness can be found on Harrison Street! This marvelous single family home has much to offer! The interior offers a spacious living and dining room, three gigantic bedrooms all completed with wall to wall carpet, one full bathroom and one half. An in law suite can be found on the lower level on this gorgeous home. This home is located just a few short miles from the areas best shopping restaurants, schools, parks, and public transportation, this home is sure to be gone soon! Don't miss out on this once in a lifetime opportunity, CALL TODAY
Courtesy: COLDWELL BANKER, HILLSDALE
View additional infoMeticulously maintained, fabulous, open townhouse in great location. Soaring ceilings, dramatic 2 story family room, newer gleaming hardwood floors on all levels (except the tiled Entry and baths), Spacious MEIK with updated appliances and plenty of cabinet space. Very private and oversized fenced in deck off Family Room. Two newer CA compressors and furnaces. Fabulous lifestyle - pool, tennis courts, clubhouse and playground. Convenient to NY transportation and shopping. A must see!
Courtesy: RE/MAX PROPERTIES-SADDLE RIVER
View additional infoWonderful updated colonial split located in sought after neighborhood sits on 1/2 acre+ (.53)property with mature plantings & newer storage shed. Pride of ownership throughout with an open floor plan featuring large tiled entry foyer overlooking A tiled family room with gas fireplace. A Tiled den or office with sliders to private deck. The first floor offers large living room with gleaming hardwood & bow window, updated Maple kitchen with Corian tops, tile flooring & backsplash. All baths have been remodeled, lower level offers a partial finished room for gym, playroom, office etc in addition to a large crawl space for storage. Belgium block lined driveway to the 2 car garage. Great home in a great location!!!
Courtesy: RE/MAX PROPERTY CENTER
View additional infoUpdated 3/4 bedroom colonial. Hardwood floors throughout. Updated kitchen. 2 updated bathrooms. Detached over-sized 2 car garage with loft. Updated sunroom. Private backyard with paver patio surrounded by beautiful greens.
Courtesy: RE/MAX FORTUNE PROPERTIES
View additional infoHUGE PRICE ADJUSTMENT!! WELCOME TO THIS "BEAUTIFULLY RENOVATED" MINI ESTATE OFFERING LARGE LIVING ROOM WITH FIREPLACE, OFFICE/SUN ROOM, FORMAL DINING ROOM, BRAND NEW KITCHEN, 4 BEDROOMS, BRAND NEW 4.5 BATHS, MUD ROOM & FINISHED BASEMENT WITH FULL BATH AND FABULOUS LAUNDRY ROOM. (2 MASTER BEDROOMS - ONE ON FIRST LEVEL) CIRCULAR DRIVEWAY WITH PILLARS, 3 CAR GARAGE, UNDERGROUND SPRINKLERS, PROFESSIONALLY LANDSCAPED 1/2 ACRE PROPERTY, WONDERFUL DRIVEWAYS, WALKWAYS, PORCH AND PRIVATE PATIO! ALL NEW ELECTRIC AND PLUMBING. NEW 2 ZONE CENTRAL AIR AND HEATING. NEW WATER HEATER. SUNNY AND BRIGHT HOME!
Courtesy: KELLER WILLIAMS VALLEY REALTY
View additional infoWelcome to this very light,bright,airy and well kept expanded home.Excellent location that is within walking distance to parks, N.Y transportation, school,library,municipal building,post office,shopping,restaurants,movie theatre and more! Bright southern exposure with many windows for cross ventilation and sunlight.Skylights, beautiful h.w. floors,lovely family room surrounded by windows and has a door to a newer large deck. 5 bedrooms makes this house very versatile. 1 car attached garage with a wide driveway that can park 5- 6 cars. Excellent closet space and storage space.Large partially finished basement with 1/2 bath and entry to garage. Very nice property with shed in private backyard .Under ground sprinkler system,newer furnace,newer h.w.heater .Home is in move in condition and shows pride of ownership!
Courtesy: REAL LIVING GATEWAY REALTORS
View additional infoVERY SPACIOUS END UNIT WITH 3 BEDROOMS, 2.5 BATH, MODERN KITCHEN, LARGE LIVING ROOM/DINING ROOM COMBO W/FIREPLACE & SLIDING GLASS DOORS TO A PRIVATE DECK. FINISHED REC ROOM IN BASEMENT WITH NEW CARPET.
Courtesy: COLDWELL BANKER, RIDGEWOOD
View additional infoUnbelievable Views of the lake. Desirable Lake front property. This is your chance to live on the water and enjoy the lake and its amenities. This custom Ranch offers large Living Room, Formal Dining Room, Family Room with walls of windows overlooking the lake, Newer Kitchen with granite and stainless appliances. Master Bedroom with full bath. Hardwood floors (except in bedrooms), new roof, cedar closet in basement. Great potential to improve or expand! Subject to bank approval.
Courtesy: COLDWELL BANKER, RIDGEWOOD
View additional infoImpeccably maintained by original owners. A paver front walk leads to the Entry. Bright & sunny Living Room, Formal Dining Room has sliding glass door to the deck. Eat in Kitchen with pantry. Master Bedroom with full bath. Lower level Family Room has a French door which opens to the patio, a bedroom and a full bath. Great yard with large deck and patio. Central Air, hardwood floors (1st fl), sprinkler system, alarm system, newer stone & vinyl exterior, newer windows.
Courtesy: CASALE REALTY
View additional info
Courtesy: RE/MAX FIRST REALTY
View additional infoGreat opportunity to own a custom estate situated on two plus acres at the end of a Cul-De-Sac. This unique residence provides all the bells and whistles you would want in your dream home such as in-ground pool, putting green, Har-Tru tennis court, koi pond, wine and billiard rooms. Upon entering the dramatic two-story foyer you will realize you have walked into the perfect blend of today's modern amenities with a traditional touch. The inviting living room has a wet bar and loft. Adjacent to the chefs kitchen is a large formal dining room. The first floor master suite offers a fireplace and sitting room. There is a 3 room home office with separate entrance that can be transformed into an in-law suite. Not only is this a comfortable home for everyday living, but it also makes for great entertaining space.
Courtesy: RE/MAX PROPERTY CENTER
View additional infoPrime location, over 1/3 acre all brick ranch on corner property, living room with fireplace, central a/c, large finished basement.
Courtesy: LANDMARK REALTY OF NJ, LLC
View additional infoGreat location. Convenient to everything. The first floor features an inviting covered front porch, large open living room/dining room off the Kitchen. There's also a large family room with fireplace and 3 nice sized bedrooms with a 1/2 bath off the master as well as a main bath. The ground floor has separate back yard entry with a 2nd family room, the 4th large bedroom, full bath and a 2nd eat in kitchen. The unfinished basement has a laundry area and storage space. The back yard is fenced with a deck for entertaining. This home is ready for some updating but has been well cared for and is very clean and move in ready.
Courtesy: KELLER WILLIAMS VILLAGE SQUARE REALTY
View additional infoLOOK NO MORE! WELCOME TO THIS EXPANDED SPLIT LEVEL HOME! AS YOU ENTER YOU ARE GREETED BY A FOYER WITH BEAUTIFUL TILE, FAMILY ROOM, FULL BATH, A BEDROOM, ANOTHER FULL BATH AND A SUNROOM. NEXT LEVEL HAS AN OPEN SPACIOUS LIVING ROOM, DINING ROOM, KITCHEN AND FAMILY ROOM WITH A FIREPLACE WITH GLEAMING HARDWOOD FLOORS. HEAD UP TO 3 LARGE BEDROOMS AND AN UPDATED FULL BATH. A LOWER LEVEL EXPANDS YOUR LIVING SPACE WITH FINISHED HUGE BASEMENT. APPROX. 3800 SQUARE FEET OF LIVING SPACE ON ABOUT 1/3 OF AN ACRE. THIS IS A GREAT HOME FOR EXTENDED FAMILY AS IT HAS A SEPARATE ENTRANCE THAT LEADS TO THE FIRST FLOOR BDRM. NYC EZ COMMUTE BY CAR, BUS, RAIL. CLOSE TO SCHOOLS, HOUSES OF WORSHIP, SHOPS AND RESTERAUNTS. DON'T MISS THIS REMARKABLE OPPORTUNITY!
Courtesy: TERRIE O'CONNOR REALTORS-ALLENDALE
View additional infoNew construction home to be built. Four bedroom, four and a half bath Colonial. Home will have partially finished basement, two car garage.
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Discover fun and educational events happening this weekend in Western Mass, along with announcements, upcoming events, links, resources and the HFVS podcast.
If you have a family friendly event or educational program happening in Western Massachusetts that you'd like to let us know about, post your event on our "Suggest An Event" page. The events below are "suggested." Please take the time to confirm that these events are happening, along with time, place, age appropriateness and costs before attending.
Friday, June 4th at Blue House Cafe in Haydenville: Asian Fusion Burritos, featuring our ginger sesame tofu, organic black beans & brown rice, local organic spinach & sharp cheddar cheese, in a whole wheat tortilla. Carrot Ginger Soup – made from all organic vegetables, gluten-free and vegan. Strawberry Rhubarb Pie! – Gluten-free and vegan dishes too. BYOB. 268-7441
Friday, June 4th at Elmer's Store in Ashfield: Chinese food (no msg- Brolin makes the sauce himself)! Sweet and Sour Pork with peppers, onions and fresh pineapple – or – Vegetarian Pad Thai. BYOB 628-4003
Saturday, June 5th at Bread Euphoria in Haydenville: BE Shrimp empanadas, chimichurri sauce, black beans and plantains. With side salad. Sandwiches, salads, soups and pizza (including Gluten-Free pizza!). Open mic! Beer & wine available. 268-7757
MEET THE DOULAS DAY: Expecting a new addition? Come and learn how a doula can help you have a safer and easier labor, birth and postpartum time at Meet the Doulas Day on Sunday, June 6th from 2-4pm at Cradle (3rd Floor, Thorne's Marketplace) in Northampton, MA. Come meet a wide range of birth and postpartum doulas, and other professionals who serve families in the childbearing year. Learn about local resources, find answers to your questions, and meet other pregnant families. This event is FREE TO EXPECTING PARENTS. There will be a short Q&A discussion, film clips will be shown, followed by an opportunity to mingle with the different doulas at the event, get their information and maybe find the right doula for you! Sponsored by the Green River Doula Network.
Saturday, June 12, Shelburne Falls, RiverFest. An annual tribute to the Deerfield River, and the role it plays in people's lives and the ecosystem of western MA. Entertaining and educational displays and demonstrations, Frog & Flower Parade, musicians and vendors, children's games, singing and storytelling, creative workshops. Meet some of the birds of prey that soar through local skies, learn how to identify edible wild plants, see specially chosen movies at Pothole Pictures. Take a guided tour of the Gardner Falls power plant to learn how our river makes so much electricity for us and the power grid. Try some quiet-water rafting, ride an 1896 trolley car, or join a guided hike. Call Polly Bartlett for more info 413-625-6628. More info here.
BECOME A SPONSOR: Hilltown Families supports sustainable development of our local economy. Local businesses, individuals, institutions and schools are encouraged to become sponsors and communicate with our large, family-oriented audience. Get the word out about the valuable services you offer while you support Hilltown Families' work in building community. Please email email@example.com for details.
Sally Loomis of Williamsburg, MA writes: Come tour the new Dunphy School Forest Garden June 8th at 3 p.m. – This past weekend a Forest Garden course was held at the Dunphy School resulting in a beautiful new garden for the school to use and steward. Several Williamsburg residents participated in the course. Benneth Phelps, course organizer, will be leading a tour of the new garden on Tuesday, June 8th from 3-4pm for students, teachers, parents, and other community members interested in this new resource. Please join us. If you are interested in learning more about this garden, but are unable to attend the June 8th tour, please contact Sally Loomis (email@example.com, 268-0108).
Jim Lobley of Ashfield, MA writes: In the mood for some dark Irish comedy this weekend (and why wouldn't ye be, aye)? Come see "The Cripple of Inishmaan," on Friday and Saturday evenings at 7:30pm at the Ashfield Town Hall. Audiences have been raving. Here's a preview:
TOOTHBRUSHING WORKSHOP: Thursday, June 17, 6-8 PM, Our Lady Child Care Center, Easthampton. FREE Toothbrushing workshop for early education and care professionals. Open to all. This workshop will help early education and care providers partner with families and the community in promoting good oral health in young children. Presenter Nancy Lolacono will offer some tips for program planning and development to help make oral health an integral part of your overall curriculum. Registration is required by June 11th. Call Diana Norman 413-586-4998 x111 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
TICKET GIVEAWAY: Hilltown Families and Iron Horse Entertainment Group have partnered up to offer a chance to win free tickets to see adult venues in Northampton, MA for a PARENTS' NIGHT OUT! You pay for the sitter, we'll pay for the tickets! This month we are pleased to offer a chance for two folks to win a pairs of tickets to see celebrated Nashville singer/songwriter Beth Nielsen Chapman as she returns to the area with a powerful new album, Back To Love. Click here to enter to win.
WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORT SUMMER READING PROGRAMS: Children who participate in their local library's summer reading program will be rewarded with coupons and passes to family-friendly locales in Western Mass. Area participants include the Basketball Hall of Fame, Children's Museum at Holyoke, Eastern States Exposition, Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art, Hancock Shaker Village, Holyoke Merry-Go-Round, Springfield Museums and the Dr. Seuss National Memorial. Sign your children up at your participating town library, and help your child sustain and build their reading skills during summer vacation.
TICKET GIVEAWAY: Hilltown Families and the Green River Festival have partnered up to offer two very lucky families a 4-pack of free day pass tickets to the 24th Annual Green River Festival, the weekend of July 17 & 18, 2010! Presented by the Franklin County Chamber of Commerce, this celebration combines music on two stages, food, crafts, dancing, a wide array of kids activities and hot air balloon launches (weather permitting) for the Pioneer Valley's biggest outdoor event of the summer. This is the only music festival in Massachusetts that features hot air balloons and rides. Click here to find out how you can enter to win tickets!
STATEWIDE FREE FISHING WEEKEND! Take a friend or family member fishing for free–you won't need a fishing license to fish any waterbody statewide for these two days! It is time well spent with family and friends. Your purchase of a fishing license directly supports fishing, stocking, education and fish habitat management programs. Contact Jim Lagacy, Program Coordinator for scheduling a fishing festival or clinic in your area during the year at (508) 389-6309 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Liz Friedman writes: Calling Mama Volunteers – Table for MotherWoman's 5% Day at Whole Foods. We are looking for a couple good mama's to help us table at Whole Foods in preparation for our big 5% Day at Whole Foods. Are you available for as little as 1 hour on any of the following days: Saturday, June 5th 11am – 4pm; and Monday, June 7th 10am – 6pm. Contact email@example.com
PLAYHOUSE GIVEAWAY: Check out our review and enter to win a Kidscraft Eco-Friendly Cottage Playhouse. Kidscraft Playhouses has tapped into the cardboard box's ability to captivate a child's imagination with two playhouse designs made from 100% recycled materials in the USA while sparking their creativity with a house to decorate, paint and color. Deadline to enter to win is June 14th. Find out more here.
ADVERTISING & ANNOUNCEMENTS: Deliver your message to a large local family based audience while supporting the work of Hilltown Families. Advertise your event, camp, workshop, fundraiser, business or announcement here in the Bulletin Board section of our List of Weekly Suggested Events.
This week on the HFVS we will be spinning new tunes by Verve Pipe, Sugar Free Allstars, Dream Jam Band, Sweet Colleens, Randy Kaplan, Star Fish, Justin Roberts and Treehouse 10.
Tune in on Saturdays from 9-10am, or listen to our podcasts HERE. Encore episodes are aired every Sunday from 7-8am. Families have several ways to tune in to the Hilltown Family Variety Show:
Streaming Audio: Surf on over to ValleyFreeRadio.org on Saturday & Sunday mornings and listen to us live via streaming audio. On Your FM Dial: Tune in to WXOJ 103.3FM if you live near Northampton, MA. PODCAST: Listen to the most recent episodes of the Hilltown Family Variety Show anytime you wish! Click here to see our current select of episodes, and be sure to subscribe to our podcast too!
Suggest an Event | Local Forecast | Free Museum Passes | Family Centers (Ages 0-4) | Movies in the Valley | Movies in the Berkshires | Farmers' Market | Listen Here
Events Happening in the Hilltowns
Saturday – June 5th
6am – NATURE STUDIES: Early morning bird walk in the fields of Notchview. Call the Highland Communities Initiative at 268-8219 for more information. Windsor, MA
9am-1pm – TAG SALE: Crocker Farm Elementary School indoor tag sale. (280 West Street) 362-1600 Amherst, MA (SALE)
10am-12Noon – PARENTING CLASS: Community Health Programs is offering a class to teach techniques for soothing your baby at the CHP Family Service Building. Melanie Seseman will conduct the class, Happiest Baby on the Block. Call to register: 644-0104. Great Barrington, MA
10am-2pm – HIKE: Bear Swamp Reservation Discovery Hike to explore the Deerfield Watershed. Join historian Mike Whalen to explore the rocky woodlands and extensive wetland ecosystem. A moderate 2.5-mile hike offers an amazing diversity of flora and fauna within an exceptional range of wildlife habitat and topography. A moderate 2.5-mile hike offers an amazing diversity of flora and fauna within an exceptional range of wildlife habitat and topography. Call to sign up: 584-3009 Ashfield, MA ($)
12Noon-4pm – EXTRAVAGREENZA – Holyoke Youth ExtravaGREENza, Nuestras Raices Farm "La Finca," 245 High Street, Holyoke. Students from Holyoke Works' new Green Careers Program share their work on environmental issues: global warming and climate change, recycling, increased bike use in the city, safe chemicals in the workplace and at home, energy audits and weatherization, and school and community gardens. More details about in our Featured Events block. Holyoke, MA
1pm – SPANISH: Spanish Get-Together at the Meekins Library. Call to confirm. 268-8343 Williamsburg, MA (FREE)
Sunday – June 6th
10am-3pm – NATURE STUDIES: West Springfield fish ladder will be open to the public. Parking is available in the former Southworth Paper Co. parking lot (150 Front St.). Guides will direct visitors from the parking area to a half-mile long path leading to the dam where the fishway is located, and will explain the workings of the fishway. 786-0195, 562-3467 West Springfield, MA (FREE)


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Video: Barack Obama 'sings' Daft Punk's Get Lucky
He's already showcased his musical talents with Al Green and Robert Johnson covers, but now Barack Obama appears to have tackled Daft Punk.
In January last year the US president wowed the crowd at a fundraiser in New York with a performance of Al Green's Let's Stay Together, while at another event Obama performed Sweet Home Chicago with Sir Mick Jagger.
This new vid, put together by @Barackdubs, uses Auto-Tune and clips of Obama's speeches to create an entertaining cover of Daft Punk's Get Lucky.


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I have a conflict in my /etc/group file: Code: . admispconfig:x:101:admispconfig web1:x:10001:admispconfig,mysite1 web2:x:10002:admispconfig,mysite2 ossec:x:10003:apache web3:x:10003:admispconfig,mysite3 When I installed Ossec it automatically created "ossec:x:10003". Later when I created mysite3 in ISPConfig it duplicated "10003". I have to leave Ossec at 10003 or it will not work. What's the best way to fix this?
You could change web3 from 10003 to 10004. Then fix permissions with: Code: chgrp -R 10004 /var/www/web3 Or you could backup the web3 account, delete it, then restore it as a new account.
This will be the better solution. If you just change the group number with chgrp, you will get a conflict with the next web created by ISPConfig.
Thanks but... It looks to me that ISPConfig is using an auto_increment counter in it's MySQL database to generate 10001,10002,10003, etc. If I can simply change the Next Autoindex to 10005 then the chgrp fix would work. Unfortunately, I don't know what table in the database holds this value.
That doesn't make sense to me... I don't see a field in the isp_isp_user table that would correspond to the groups (10001,10002,10003,etc). I would think it would be isp_isp_web. That is where my 3 websites are and the doc_id has a Next Autoindex of 4. Can't I just change that to 5 in phpMyAdmin? Then I can do the chgrp to make web3 10004.
The group ID should correspond to the doc_id if the table isp_isp_web (you must add the minimum group id that is set in server settings to the doc_id, the default is 10000). The userid corresponds to doc_id in the table isp_isp_user.
Thanks Till. I think you were posting your response at the same time I was revising my post above! I don't think I would need to change anything in isp_isp_user. As far as I can see, the only conflict I have is with the group id. Correct?
Fixed! To recap, I did these first 2 steps in phpMyAdmin: 1) Changed doc_id Next Autoindex to 5 in table isp_isp_web 2) Changed doc_id to 4 in table isp_isp_web for web3 3) Next I edited /etc/group changed Code: web3:x:10003:admispconfig,mysite3 to Code: web3:x:10004:admispconfig,mysite3 4) Then I did Code: chgrp -R 10004 /var/www/web3 5) Finally I did this Code: chown -h root:root /var/www/web3/Maildir I don't know if step 5 was critical but it did make the Maildir synlink group ownership consistent with the way ISPConfig creates the Maildir symlink in my other webs.
Possible bug in ISPConfig? I spoke too soon... For some reason the above steps did not solve my problem. In fact, I believe it somehow led to the deletion of my entire /var/www directory when I tried later to delete mysite3 (/var/www/web3) in ISPConfig. I think there is a bug in ISPConfig in the way it assigns group numbers. This is the sequence of events and what happened: 1) I created Mysite1 in ISPConfig (/var/www/web1) ISPConfig assigned web1 to GID 10001 2) I created Mysite2 in ISPConfig (/var/www/web2) ISPConfig assigned web2 to GID 10002 3) I installed ossec (a program) and CentOS assigned it to GID 10003 4) I created Mysite3 in ISPConfig (/var/www/web3) ISPConfig assigned web3 to GID 10003 This won't work! web3 and ossec cannot both be 10003. It appears that ISPConfig is not looking at the /etc/group file before it assigns group numbers. It is simply using an auto increment field in the isp_isp_web table of the IPSConfig MySQL database to generate group numbers. If that is true then it's a BIG problem! Am I wrong?
Thats no bug in ISPConfig. The group number range that you set in ISPConfig under management > server > settings is reserved for ISPConfig. So if you create any group manually, the ID does never be in the range that you reserved for ISPConfig. Thats a prerequisite for ISPConfig.
I do not understand I am confused... How did ossec get group 10003 if that is within the range reserved for ISPConfig? On my test server I installed Ossec and Snort. They were assigned 10003 and 10004. Both of those groups are within the ISPConfig range.
The problem is that the rpm or apt package installer has use the next free GID and in your case, these gid's where in the reserved range of ISPConfig. which starts at GID 10000 and leaves the GID's < 10000 for other applications. If you create a group manually, you will have to set the GID to a free ID < 10000 and make sure that thet there is no conflict with ISPConfig. A better solution for your problem might have been to change the GID of ossec and snort right after you installed it to a GID < 10000 and change the GID of all files installed by snort and ossec to this lower GID too.
Ok, so you are saying that whenever I install any software I should inspect the GID that software was assigned in /etc/group to make sure it is not in the 10000 range? If it is in that range then I need to edit /etc/group and change the GID for the software and also find every file installed by that software and change the ownership (chown)? That sounds like a lot of work and potential source of errors! Do I understand correctly?
Another way... Let me offer an alternative solution for your consideration. I have tested this on my test server and verified that it works. Facts as I understand them: - With the default configuration, ISPConfig sets GID starting at 10001 and increments +1 for each new group added by using an auto increment counter in the isp_isp_web table of the ISPConfig MySQL database. ISPConfig does not verify that a GID is previously assigned before it assigns it. - CentOS 5 (and I assume all Linux distributions) looks at /etc/group and assigns the next GID based on the highest existing GID +1. My proposed solution: 1) Create a new dummy GID Code: groupadd admispconfig2 2) Edit /etc/group to change admispconfig2 GID to 20000 3) Run group check to update /etc/gshadow Code: grpck 4) Create a new dummy UID and add it to the admispconfig2 group Code: useradd -s /sbin/nologin admispconfig2 -g admispconfig2 5) Edit /etc/passwd to change UID to 20000 6) Run password check Code: pwck What this does - It forces CentOS to only create new GID's and UID's above 20000 - It allows ISPConfig to create GID's and UID's between 10001 and 19999 Comments?


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limerickey Review
I have horrible back pain and two sons who play soccer. I want to support them at all of their games and have laid down on a blanket for most of them this year. I now have a tripod stand and hanging chair and I really absolutely could not be happier. The hanging chair takes all of the pressure off of my lower back and this stand though very sturdy is incredibly easy to transport. It has been the perfect answer to this problem for me.
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Here it is, Halloween, the anniversary of when the Steampunk Scholar was born, at Steamcon, one of the first (if not the first) big steampunk conventions in North America. It was two months later that I started the blog, but I reported on my adventures at Steamcon at gotthammer.com, my personal blog, as soon as I got home. So October 31 will always be the anniversary of diving into steampunk. In honor of that anniversary, here's a review that somehow got lost in the shuffle a few years back: The Greyfriar by Clay and Susan Griffith. Vampires and steampunk!
I loved The Greyfriar, the first book in Clay and Susan Griffith's Vampire Empire series. I'm getting that out of the way, so the desire to sing its praises won't get in the way of anything else I have to say about it. I'm sad it took me over a year to get to it (and then a few more years to post the review!), but thankful I had the sequel, The Riftwalker, already waiting to be read when I completed The Greyfriar.
I must confess, I judged this book by it's cover, unjustly dismissing it as the worst kind of publishing opportunism, capitalizing on both the popularity of hunky vampires and steampunk back in 2011. I was wrong. To be sure, PYR was marketing this toward a YA audience, even if that isn't the stated intent. The photo manipulated cover by Chris McGrath screams teen gothic paranormal romance with a dash o' steampunk. But when the sequel showed up on my desk, I became intrigued. While quality is certainly no requisite for a sequel in the publishing world, I grew curious as to what had prompted PYR to continue this series.
I was hooked after the first five pages. Take the world of Kim Newman's Anno Dracula, make the vampires the victors, and extrapolate a century into the future. Take that vampire cataclysm and substitute it for the meteor strike in Stirling's Peshawar Lancers, and you have a good idea of the world of the Vampire Empire series: vampires rule the northern hemisphere, and the greatest nations of the world live close to the equator, where longer days provide the protection of sunlight longer.
Now add a Princess gone missing in deep vampire territory, and a mysterious masked hero who comes to her aid. Mix both those familiar tropes and add some more: make the princess a very capable Chosen One, and give the masked hero a dark reason to wear that mask. Season this already well-traversed blend with the princess's arrogant fiancée, a blustering war hero from America who we love to hate, a vampire court filled with the intrigue we've all come to assume vampires excel at (just consider the vampires of the Parasol Protectorate series), and a secret cabal of magicians seeking to save the world, and you have a stirring melange of both traditional vampire (this book has some great, gory vampire fights) and the modern vampire (he's a monster, but still pretty sexy and date-worthy).
While many would likely decry some of these ostensibly derivative moments, I think these familiar conventions are used as shorthand, not to shortchange; they convey a horizon of expectation that can later be satisfied or subverted. In some cases, the convention works toward expectations; in others, the convention gives the appearance of familiarity, but with enough surprises that one doesn't anticipate every twist and turn.
To write something even remotely fresh about attractive vampires post-Twilight is a considerable achievement. The Griffiths pull off something very clever in the polemicized fandom of fangs, giving the reader both monstrous and sympathetic vampires. Readers who love paranormal romance with bite who are looking to try some steampunk should check this series out.
As an afterword, I thoroughly enjoyed The Riftwalker, the sequel to The Greyfriar, but found the conclusion, The Kingmakers, less satisfying. That said, Clay and Susan Griffith's steampunk take on vampires is still worthy of recommendation for its world-building and blending of previous approaches to steampunk secondary worlds. In writing this post and setting up Tweets about it, I've learned that the Griffiths have recently returned to the world of Vampire Empire with The Geomancer, hot of the presses later this week!
Interview #104 – Author Scott Wilke
This week we are talking with Scott Wilke, author of The Legend of Everett
Forge. Airship Ambassador: Hi Scott, welcome to the airship! Scott Wilke:
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I thought I'd pop a little poetry post up before we go away this week. I am super excited as we are going back to Center Parcs! Obviously I'll be a bit quieter on social media and won't be posting anything on the blog so I thought I'd leave you with a poem I have written about the baby always kicking when I hold TM. I mentioned this in my most recent pregnancy update and it just seems so special to me, to have this little one growing inside me who seems to know when I cuddle their big brother; so naturally I've written a poem about it!
Pregnancy #2 – 22 week update
I wonder what he's thinking…
It seems that at the moment both B and I are constantly watching our little boy and saying 'I'd love to know what's going through his head'. I bet 99.9% of parents have thought and said this multiple times when their children are young enough not to be talking properly. TM doesn't say many words yet, certainly not accurately anyway! He is, however, always making plenty of noise and 'chatting away'. Continue reading
The #RockingMotherhood Tag
As parents, I think we are often guilty of focussing on the things we wish we could do better and the things we feel guilty about. When the fabulous Pat from White Camellias came up with the #RockingMotherhood tag, challenging mum bloggers to come up with a list of 10 reasons why they are a brilliant mother, I thought it was a great idea. She kindly nominated me to join in and I have finally got round to doing so! It's so refreshing to focus on what we are good at and proud of; we're all doing a great job. Without further ado; here's 10 reasons why I am rocking motherhood… Continue reading
Pregnancy #2 – 16 week update
You might be thinking you have missed an announcement post somewhere along the way but you haven't…announcements just aren't really our style! Neither of us did an announcement of any kind on Facebook when I was pregnant with TM and we haven't this time either. We tend to just tell people when we talk to them! I'm due early (ish) July so I'm currently 16 weeks pregnant and we are very excited about becoming a family of four…although living in slight trepidation of having two under two! Continue reading


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Click here to print the obituary below
Mary "Mimi" Fawzon
Mary "Mimi" Fawzon, 97, of Jessup, died Wednesday at home, surrounded by her family.
Born in Jessup, she was the daughter of the late Anthony and Stella Morotti Fawzon. She attended Jessup schools until sixth grade before leaving to take care of her family. She later became self-educated and was employed in the local garment industry at Barbizon Inc., Jessup. A member of Queen of Angels Parish and the oldest living member of the former St. Mary's Assumption Church, she was also a union representative for the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union.
She was a hard-working, loving and gentle woman. She loved sewing, cleaning, ice cream, sitting on her front porch and spending time with her "buddy" DaiCoda. Mary was what everyone hopes to be - she always made time for her friends and family and she never turned strangers away.
She was "Aunt Mimi" to anyone who met her and loved her.
She was preceded in death by two brothers, Nicholas and John Fawzon; sister-in-law, Mary Nanni Fawzon; sister, Anna Fawzon Racobaldo; brother-in-law, Michael; and two nieces, Nancy Catania and Stella Molinaro.
She is survived by two nieces, Mary Sue Mackey, Jessup, and Rita Greco and husband James, Peckville; nephew, Michael Racobaldo, and wife, Joan, Jessup; 16 great-nieces and great-nephews; 33 great-great-nieces and great-great-nephews; five great-great-great-nieces and great-great-great-nephews.
The funeral will be Tuesday from the Louis M. Margotta Funeral Home, 511 Church St., Jessup, with Mass at 10 a.m. at St. Michael's Church, Jessup. Interment will be in St. Mary's Assumption Cemetery, Montdale. Friends may call Monday from 4 to 8 p.m.
Memorial contributions may be made to Hospice of the Sacred Heart, 600 Baltimore Drive, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702; or St. Francis of Assisi Kitchen, 500 Penn Ave., Scranton, PA 18503.
For directions or online condolences, visit
Funeral Home
Louis M Margotta Funeral Home
511 Church St
Jessup, PA 18434
(570) 489-2230
Published in Times Leader on May 3, 2013


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Tesco's secret weapon
Victoria Prever meet Gershon Odze, the kosher food buyer for the country's biggest supermarket chain
Gershon Odze is an unlikely food hero. He does not cook much - maybe the odd spaghetti bolognese or roast chicken. He is quiet, unassuming and Orthodox. He had a religious education outside of the mainstream UK schooling system and has no formal qualifications. After his education he went into computer sales; if your laptop needs a rebuild, he is your man.
As Tesco's kosher food buyer, he is also one of the most powerful men in Jewish food, deciding what kosher products make it on to the shelves of the UK's biggest supermarket chain.
Odze launched Tesco's Passover range at the Borehamwood store last month. The range is bigger than ever. Hechshered own-label Passover products are in 53 UK stores.
Odze did actually spend time in the food industry after his computer days, at Mehadrin Wholesale. There he learned sales, buying, product development and logistics. After five years he was ready for something new. He applied for the job at Tesco when it was advertised last year.
What Tesco was looking for was religious knowledge and experience, someone who understood their Jewish customers' needs in detail - that Passover is more than matzah, that four cups of Kiddush wine are drunk during each Seder service, and that although Jews keep kosher for Passover, they still want the same value products. Odze fit the bill perfectly - he is an insider, he knows Jewish eating habits, festival customs and tastes.
He oversees every part of the process of sourcing kosher products. It can be quite intricate - the concentrate for Tesco own-label apple juice comes from China and is shipped to Ireland for packing. At each stage of its journey to the shelf, a shomer is present to ensure it fulfils the Kedassia kosher for Passover criteria. Kedassia, Manchester Beth Din and London Beth Din shomrim fly around the world supervising food manufacturers.
Odze and his fellow tasters sampled Tesco's Passover smoked salmon alongside many of the leading kosher smoked salmon brands at Tesco's Cheshunt head office. He says that they chose a mild smoke and added sugar to the recipe to give the salmon the traditional flavour. He grew up eating smoked salmon and knows what to aim for.
In fact, Odze's upbringing gave him an appreciation of all types of Jewish food, with his Sephardi mother serving her traditional dishes alongside the Ashkenazi fare enjoyed by his father. A typical Shabbat meal might have consisted of a spicy fish dish followed by cholent.
He now confesses to a preference for Sephardi flavours but there is no doubt his background leaves him well qualified to make the decisions that will impact on the mealtimes of thousands of Jewish homes - even if he isn't a cook.
- A recipe for better hamantaschen
A recipe for better hamantaschen
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- Vegan shmegan - can an animal-free diet be kosher?
Vegan shmegan - can an animal-free diet be kosher?
- Australian Chabad under fire over ongoing failings following sex abuse cases
Australian Chabad under fire over ongoing failings following sex abuse cases
- Church allows Star of David on Jewish WW2 hero's grave
Church allows Star of David on Jewish WW2 hero's grave
- UK threat to 'biased' UNHRC
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- On a difficult Mother's Day, Mum's smile lives on
On a difficult Mother's Day, Mum's smile lives on


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Social Media Summer Camp continues.
What is your personal brand online?
Do you have a mission statement?
How do you change your social media messaging across platforms?
What does your headshot say about you?
Former Biz Chix Podcast guests Melinda Yeaman (#112) and Vanessa Van Edwards (#101) answer these questions and more!
Inside this Episode
- Resources mentioned on show
Shot List: 30 Ideas for the Perfect Photo Shoot
- BizChix Episodes for Melinda and Vanessa
- Connect with Melinda
- Connect with Vanessa
Thank you so much for listening. If you enjoyed the episode, please consider subscribing in iTunes and Stitcher and leaving a rating and or review. This helps us continue to be featured in New & Noteworthy so that more people can find us.


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A Brief History of Seven Killings
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1976 Seven gunmen storm Bob Marley's house, machine guns blazing. The reggae superstar survives, but the gunmen are never caught. From the acclaimed author of The Book of Night Women comes a dazzling display of masterful storytelling exploring this near-mythic event. Spanning three decades and crossing continents, A Brief History of Seven Killings chronicles the lives of a host of unforgettable characters - slum kids, one-night stands, drug lords, girlfriends, gunmen, journalists, and even the CIA. Gripping and inventive, ambitious and mesmerising, A Brief History of Seven Killings is one of the most remarkable and extraordinary novels of the twenty-first century.show more
Product details
- Paperback | 688 pages
- 129 x 198 x 30mm | 480g
- 27 Oct 2015
- Oneworld Publications
- London, United Kingdom
- English
- 1780746350
- 9781780746357
- 6,070
About Marlon James
MARLON JAMES was born in Jamaica. He is the author of The Book of Night Women (Oneworld, 2009), which won the Dayton Literary PeacePrize and the Minnesota Book Award, and was a finalist for the NationalBook Critics Circle Award. His debut novel, John Crow's Devil (Oneworld, 2015), was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and shortlisted for the Commonwealth Writers' Prize, and was a New York Times Editors' Choice. His third novel, A Brief History of Seven Killings (Oneworld 2014), won the American Book Award, the Anisfield-Wolf Fiction Prize, was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award, longlisted for the Man Booker Prize, and featured in over twenty best books of the year lists. His short fiction and non-fiction has appeared in Esquire and Granta. He teaches at Macalester College, Minnesota, USA.show more
Review quote
'Epic in every sense of that word: sweeping, mythic, over-the-top, colossal and dizzyingly complex.' New York Times 'Showcases the extraordinary capabilities of a writer whose importance can scarcely be questioned.' Independent 'A vivid plunge into a crazed, violent and corrupt world... executed with swaggering aplomb' -- Irvine Welsh '[James's] talent has grown from book to book, and his imagination consistently shines a light on dark and gory places...this is a work that explores the aesthetics of cacophony and also the aesthetics of violence.' Guardian 'resembles James Ellroy's LA Quartet in its blistering violence, multiple voices and view of history `from the gutter to the star`' The Daily Telegraph 'Critics rave about James' mastery of both oral history storytelling and patois dialect, and his ability to craft and juggle perspectives that often contradict and obscure the truth. With comparisons to the works of David Foster Wallace and Quentin Tarantino, James has garnered the highest of contemporary praise.' Wired 10 Best Books of 2014 'This tense and violent, but very compelling, novel is a big book in more ways than one.' The Herald 'A brilliant novel' -- Library Journal 'Scary and lyrically beautiful - you'll want to read whole pages aloud to strangers.' -- Russell Banks 'Not only persuasive, but tragic, though in its polyphony and scope it's more than that ... the book's increasing sense of absurdity, its pop culture references, its compulsive ventriloquism and its range of tones - comic, surreal, nightmarish, parodic - began to remind me uncannily of David Foster Wallace's all-or-nothing Infinite Jest.' New York Times Book Reviewshow more


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There are community halls located in many communities within the Regional District of Fraser-Fort George. These facilities are a place where communities gather for events such as dinners, meetings, special occasions and community and private functions.
Other community halls that operate within the Regional District are:
For more information about who to contact to rent a community hall, please contact us or visit the Community Associations/Societies webpage:
Community Associations/Societies
Contact Us
Toll Free (BC) 1-800-667-1959
Phone: (250) 960-4400
155 George St.
Prince George,


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I've had a few asks about how to write - as one of you put it - a bomb ass personal statement. I'm a bit reluctant to write this, seeing as I haven't actually got an interview/offer yet! But I guess it might be helpful to those of you applying around now :)
- Bullet point what you want to include - I suggest listing out what you want to include. It's a good idea to do this at the beginning, to make sure you don't leave anything out; and it can help form the basic structure of your statement.
- Do not start at the start - this is one of the most important things I learnt when writing mine. It is so hard to write that first sentence - so just leave it until the end, and begin writing with the actual content, something you're more comfortable writing about.
- When you do get down to writing that first sentence - do not start with a cheesy quote or the typical "I have always bee passionate about…" as these are things that can immediately put off an admissions tutor. Try and be original, or just simple: "I want to study X because…"
- Just keep writing - don't worry about the 4,000 character and 47 line limits. Literally just write, and keep going, even if you think what you're writing is bad - just get all your ideas out there, and put down everything you would want to include. It's so much easier to take things out rather than adding things in. My personal statement was around 8,000 characters at one point!`
- Get the balance right - different unis want different things from personal statements, so check their websites to make sure you're getting in what they want. You need to get the balance of intellectual curiosity/passion for the subject with your personal qualities and extra-curriculars.
- Back up everything with evidence - don't just say you are great at working in a team, give examples that demonstrate that you have worked well in successful teams in the past.What to include?
- Why you want to study that particular course
- Why you are the right person to study the course
- Extra things you have done to show commitment or interest about the course - volunteering, subscriptions to journals, further reading etc.
- Any relevant work experience
- Any relevant awards you've won (e.g. maths challenge or physics olympiad) or responsibilities within the school (e.g. prefect or house captain)
- Demonstrate desirable skills for your course - problem solving, teamwork, leadership etc.
- Cliches - like "Ever since I was born I have wanted to study…"
- Quotes - this is a personal statement, so don't start quoting other people! Plus way too many people do this to make it original.
- Jokes - it may be that the person reading your statement has a very different sense of humour than you do.
- Really long sentences - you want your personal statement to be as easy as possible to read, and long confusing sentences won't help that.
- Repetition - it's such a short document, you don't have space for this. Plus it gets boring!
- Names of unis - the unis you apply to have no idea where else you have applied, so don't name any of them in your statement.
- Do not end on a cheesy quote or joke. Just sum up why you'd be a great candidate and reinforce what you have told them throughout the main body of the statement - that you're fabulous!
- Once you have finished a draft you can start trying to cut down on the word count. Maybe ask a teacher to look at your spelling/grammar, and you can always get your friends' opinions too, on what should come out, and what should be kept in. Make sure you don't let other people have too much influence - it has to be a personal statement!


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Reviews, reviews, reviews...
FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores. Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 7.7 out of 10 based on 25 scores.
Enjoy a smooth and pleasant start into your day with a new Read more
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56 | 5 Star Reviews | |
16 | 4 Star Reviews | |
1 | 3 Star Reviews | |
0 | 2 Star Reviews | |
0 | 1 Star Reviews | |
73 | All Reviews |
Annie hill | 31/08/16
"Very good! Very funny!! Easy to place on but after a while the tassel falls off but if your careful they stay on! Very good presents if you want something funny!! "
Vanessa Maier | 27/02/16
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"Pretty and twirling good fun! Perhaps more of a novelty gift to use once only for a quick twirl! Although I'm sure some people would get more use out of them. Won't stick if wearing body lotion. Bit of a laugh really. Ha!"
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Thursday, February 26, 2009
Miro Jumping!
Nicole Basurto from Dallas, TX is jumping for Joan Miro's Moonbird at the Nasher Sculpture Center (designed by architect Renzo Piano). Behind the Miro sculpture you can see George Segal's Street Scenes being installed. Thank you, Nicole!
1 comment:
- The Vengeance said...
Hi there! I thought you ought to know that I've posted a link to your blog on my most recent post at http://iamthevengeance.blogspot.com
You're blog freakin ROCKS!! - February 27, 2009 at 1:14 AM
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Skala Fourka
Fourka is a very small town on the peninsula Kasandra on Halkidiki. From Thessaloniki is about 100km distant.
The town has got a sandy beach, with the crystal clear water. Under the water is mostly the sand, with the exception of a belt of rocks of 1-2 m at the entrance, and then come the sand and a shoal again. The colour of the water is very nice, green-blue because of the conifers in the surroundings.
On the very shore just beside the beach there are two nice taverns with a fantastic view of the sea, but also a great number of private houses which are owned by the Greeks from Thessaloniki. For that reason the approach can be more distant from the accomodation site than it really is since you cannot go through private households. This is why there is no promenade along the sea, but a big nicely arranged square where the social life takes place. Here are most of cafes, stores, restaurants, several game rooms.
There are two supermarkets in Fourka, Masoutis and Arvaniditis, so tourists have the possibilty of affordable supplying. For a bigger shopping, but also a more lively night life and more interesting evening walks Kalithee is only 10 km away. Hanioti is also relatively nearby, and surely the places on the west coast (Siviri, Nea Skioni).
Fourka is a great resort for those who want to come to a peaceful place without attractive contents for tourists.


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Wherever you go, there you are. It's a saying that can be traced back to the late 15th century, and still over half a millennium later, we find truth and meaning in it. As we explore ways to nurture creative thinking in our selves and our children, we realize that it is not just in our homes and places of learning. Creative thinking is always available to us, present wherever we go. So whether you are going over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house, taking a train across country, or traveling overseas, know that your wonder is right there with you.
The Journey
Learning to travel is a lifelong skill. For anyone who has ever walked on a plane with a young child, and then gathered up the looks of dread from nearby passengers as they sum up what their flight will be like, it is easy to surmise that children have a reputation as being ones who cannot travel well. But when children learn to do it early-navigating airports, utilizing rest stops, learning new customs, meeting new people, tolerating and even enjoying long car rides-they become at ease with their world. And when you are at ease with your world, true exploration and thinking are able to unfold. Then, traveling is no longer a stress inducing risk. It is the journey too that is joyful, not just the destination.
Ways of Seeing
No matter what your mode of transportation, the views along the journey can be breathtaking and awe inspiring. From the frame of an airplane, car, or train window, you can experience landscapes, patterns, and the lay of the land that you wouldn't otherwise be able to. While on the journey, point out the different shapes you see, the rows in fields or orchards, the curve of the hills, the formations of the clouds at sunset, or the lights and dark spots of the nighttime. Count animals, vehicles, and types of signs. Observe billboards and bumper stickers. Speculate on what you see.
People You Meet
What we know about creative thinking and problem solving is that we must test our limits and step outside our personal comfort zones. We must surround our children and ourselves with people who do things differently than we do. And we must ask questions and listen to the answers. Travel offers all of this, and because they are often great conversation starters, sometimes it is even easier to meet new people with children in tow. While in restaurants, ask about the best local place to hike or explore the local outdoor treasures. Take walks through the local farmers market and learn about the foods grown where you are visiting. Be curious about the locals.
Places You Sit
Traveling is often synonymous with being on the go. The pace can feel hectic, so much so that travelers often report that they need a vacation to recover from their vacation. It is all too easy to become over stimulated in the course of a site-seeing laden day. When traveling with children, it is finding the balance between planned activities and leisure time that can make all the difference. Take time each day to be without a plan. Find quiet places to sit. Challenge your family to find a special rock, log, tree, brook side, or bench where they can take a quiet moment and listen to the unique sounds of the area, revive themselves, reflect on the new experiences, or simply watch passersby.
Coming Home
Travel is a wonderful way to broaden our creative thinking horizons, but no matter how wonder-filled the trip, there really is no place like home. It is in coming home after a trip that children and adults alike appreciate the comfort of their own beds, the convenience of the pantry, and the familiarity of routines. Coming home also offers a renewal of creative sides. Children often find new joy in their toys and creation items after a trip. Make sure to build in a stay-at-home days when you return to give children space to reconnect with home. Make a list, scrapbook, or picture book of your family's memories of the trip.
Discover personal meaning, creative expression, and mindful reflection on the road. Then bring it back home so it can spill into the rest of your life.
Originally published in 2009
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The next step for an experienced SAP Security consultant
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The big question about SAP Security is whether or not it is a sustainable contracting niche in and of itself. Over the years, most Basis folks (and some ABAPpers) have acquired SAP Security skills as part of an overall skills profile. But it's becoming increasingly difficult to land an SAP Security job if you're not specifically focused on Security. I don't think you can get SAP Security jobs anymore if you've just "dabbled" in it from time to time. But on the other hand, there are some nice roles emerging for SAP Security experts like yourself. Now, let's be clear: SAP Security is not really as sexy as it sounds, at least when you compare it to the overall Security expertise that's required to secure an entire IT infrastructure from hackers and anyone else trying to break into your system. With SAP Security, you're not usually dealing with the overall task of protecting the entire enterprise and ensuring the privacy and integrity of data across the enterprise. SAP Security really comes down to one main task: authorizations. The good news for you is that managing SAP authorizations is more complex than ever, as there are more and more SAP products involved that have very different access issues. Depending on which applications are running, every SAP install has different authorizations issues, and it's a complex enough area to require focused expertise.
To better answer your specific question, I spoke with a couple of SAP staffing experts as well as a Security consultant, and they all confirmed what I mentioned here: SAP Security is still a viable niche for consultants who have focused Security expertise on multiple projects. Since you have this skills profile, one way to build on that expertise is to explore new contracting opportunities in SAP Security. The best way to find out if you if have a marketable contracting niche is simple: put your resume out there, as discretely as possible, and see what kind of offers you can generate. The offers you get (or don't get) will give you a good sense of what's out there for you. Keep in mind that this is a tough market to contract in, so you may decide to ride out your current position and test the waters again when the market improves.
Of course, SAP Security contracting is not your only career option. You seem to be approaching a fork in the road: one fork leads into increased levels of project management, and likely has you staying with your current firm and taking on more responsibilities. Another fork leads you away from your current job and into a hands-on contracting niche in SAP Security, taking on the responsibilities of managing an independent contracting career. Both are potentially viable career paths - your ultimate decision should be based primarily on the career path that you find most compelling. But keep in mind, in order to land an SAP Security contract, you'll need to put together a resume that downplays your management responsibilities and emphasizes your hands-on Security expertise. Keep in mind that if you have moved away from hands-on skills on recent projects, you'll have a hard time landing a contract, and that particular career track will not be open to you until you update your hands-on skills with the latest Security know-how.
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Shimla, August 16: The state electricity board of Himachal Pradesh has electrifed 17 out of 28 villages allotted to the board by the Centre under the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojna, the Tribune reported.
The power ministry had assigned the target of electrifying the said number of villages under the scheme by September.
PC Negi, managing director of Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board Limited, said electricity had reached 17 of those villages by August and was confident that the remaining ones would also be covered soon, the report added.
Negi said the ministry had launched the scheme for the electrification of rural households in December 2014. He said the project aimed at providing regular water supply to agriculture consumers and steady power supply to non-agriculture consumers in rural areas, the Tribune report said.
Oneindia News


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Publication number | US4296426 A |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 06/011,923 |
Publication date | Oct 20, 1981 |
Filing date | Feb 13, 1979 |
Priority date | Feb 17, 1978 |
Also published as | DE2961108D1, EP0003926A1, EP0003926B1 |
Publication number | 011923, 06011923, US 4296426 A, US 4296426A, US-A-4296426, US4296426 A, US4296426A |
Inventors | Jean Gilles |
Original Assignee | Thomson-Csf |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (1), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (14), Classifications (23) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
This invention pertains in general to semiconductor devices belonging to the family of insulated-gate field-effect transistors and pertains specifically to a process for producing transistors of this type comprising a so-called "N" channel.
This use in increasing numbers of transistors of the type, particularly in the construction of electronic circuits for memories, has prompted constant efforts to reduce their dimensions, particularly for satisfying the requirements of monolithic integration on a very large scale, and has made it necessary to adopt production processes rendering increasingly more precise the delimitation of the various zones of the surface of the semiconductor substrate where the transistors are formed.
The photomasking techniques normally used have limitations in cases where dimensions of the order of 1000th of a millimeter are necessary for a given electrode. As will be shown in more detail hereinafter, an essential feature of the present invention is that these photomasking processes are replaced by a process for forming regions of minuscule dimensions by the controlled diffusion of impurities previously included in adjacent regions of less critical dimensions. Accordingly, the regions thus created are automatically positioned in relation to regions which are easy to position in the first place.
According to the invention, a process such as this is used both for creating the drain and source regions of the transistors from a source of doping impurities formed by a deposit of polycrystalline silicon and for creating and defining the precise length of the channel from the source region by a mechanism of simultaneous double diffusion to controlled depths.
Significant reductions in dimensions relative to the conventional photomasking techniques are thus obtained with typical channel lengths of the order of only 1000th of a millimetre.
There is also another problem which is assuming increasing significance in efforts to reduce the dimensions of the transistors, namely the establishment of conductive contacts on the various electrodes. In transistors produced by photomasking processes, these contacts, particularly the drain contacts, have to be separated by considerable safety distances from the insulating layers of silicon oxide and from the sides of the gate.
Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that it enables these safety intervals to be reduced, thus affording the possibility of a higher integration density by having the contact function performed by those regions which have served as sources of doping impurities in a previous diffusion step mentioned above.
Accordingly, the invention lies essentially in a process for producing a field-effect transistor having an insulated gate and an N-type channel, which in the interests of simplicity will be referred to hereinafter as an N-MOS-transistor, where on the one hand the length of the channel is defined by diffusion from doped regions of the substrate and, on the other hand, the contact functions are performed by layers of a material which has served as an impurity source for the creation of these regions.
Since the respective conductivity types of these doped regions and the channel to which they give rise have to be opposite in sign, as known from field-effect transistors, it is important to point out that, according to one important aspect of the invention, simultaneous double doping with the two impurities required has to be carried out during the creation of one of the doped regions, the difference between their respective diffusion rates ensuring the creation of the region of the channel by a mechanism of geometric difference.
Accordingly, the present invention relates more particularly to a process for forming an N-MOS-transistor in a wafer-like substrate of P-type conductivity, comprising the following steps:
forming a field layer of silicon oxide on one face of the substrate and forming an opening in this layer to expose the surface of the substrate;
depositing a layer of polycristalline silicon doped with an N-type impurity over the entire face;
forming a mask on a portion of the face of the substrate comprising an edge of the opening in the oxide field layer and doping the unmasked portion of the layer of polycrystalline silicon with a P-type impurity;
forming another layer of silicon oxide on the layer of polycrystalline silicon and forming a common opening in these two layers to expose the surface of the substrate;
simultaneously forming source, drain and channel regions by the solid diffusion of impurities included in the layer of polycrystalline silicon;
creating a control gate on the layer of silicon oxide produced in the common opening by this diffusion step;
forming another layer of oxide over the entire face of the substrate;
forming openings in this other layer to expose the surface of the layer of polycrystalline silicon and depositing metallic contacts with this last layer on the source and drain regions and on the gate.
The invention will be better understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a section through an N-MOS-transistor of known structure;
FIG. 2 is a section through an N-MOS-transistor produced by the process according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 shows in section the various steps according to the invention of the process for forming the transistor corresponding to FIG. 2, these various steps being marked (a) to (i).
FIG. 1 shows an N-MOS-transistor of known structure in a section perpendicular to the useful or upper face of the block of silicon on which the transistor is formed.
This transistor, which is formed in a block-like substrate of P-type conductivity, comprises a source electrode 1 and a drain electrode 2, both formed by heavily (N+) doped regions of N-type conductivity.
In one known process, these regions are formed by the diffusion of N-type impurities from a reservoir formed by a layer 3 of doped polycrystalline silicon, in which an opening 4 intended to delimit the intermediate region 5 representing the channel of the transistor has been formed by a conventional photomasking process.
By suitably selecting the level of doping of this region, the deposit of a layer 6 of oxide on its surface determines the formation of a charge layer 7 opposite in sign to the semiconductor P, i.e. of sign N, this layer normally being referred to as the inversion layer.
Contacts 8, 9 and 10 are established on the respective source, gate and drain regions, the contact 9 forming the gate.
The regions 3 of polycrystalline silicon are perfectly adaptd to the contacts on the regions 1 and 2 which they have created, such as the contacts 8 and 10.
On the other hand, a structure such as this for an N-MOS-transistor may not readily accommodate dimensions smaller than those corresponding to a length of 4 to 5μ for the channel, because the regions 3 of polycrystalline silicon which define the length of the channel are created by photomasking of which the limits of precision are reached for these orders of magnitude.
FIG. 2 shows an N-MOS-transistor formed by the process according to the invention.
This transistor comprises a source 12, a drain 13 and a control gate 14 similar to those of the transistor shown in FIG. 1. However, its channel comprises two parts electrically in series over its length. The normal part 15 which represents the N-type channel formed by the charge inversion layer; and another part 16, of P-type conductivity and heavily doped, which forms a first channel section of length L.
It is this section L in conjunction with the gate 14 which essentially controls the passage of current between the source and the drain, whilst the rest of the channel, namely the N-type inversion layer, behaves virtually like a region of low resistivity approaching the short-circuit level. It should be noted that the action of the gate on this second section is thus negligible and that, in practice, the gate may be confined to its part 19, (see FIG. 3(f) towards the source.
It is the object of the present invention to form a transistor such as this by a process which enables the length L of the P-type section 16 of the channel to be controlled with precision and to be reduced to a value considerably smaller than the channel lengths obtained by conventional processes, typically of the order 1μ.
FIG. 3 shows the successive steps involved in the process according to the invention in a succession of diagrams marked (a) to (i).
Step (a) consists in creating a layer 30 of silicon oxide on a block substrate or "wafer" of silicon and in defining thereon that part of the surface of the block where the transistor is to be formed by known photomasking processes.
In step (b), the wafer is covered with a layer of polycrystalline silicon (20) doped with an N-type impurity, such as arsenic, having a thickness of approximately 3000 A. This layer is formed by a vapour-phase deposit obtained by the decomposition of silane at a temperature of the order of 700� C. either at atmospheric pressure or under low pressure. The layer is doped either during deposition by introduction of the doping impurity in the reaction chamber, or by ion implantation to a depth equivalent to less than the thickness of the polycrystalline layer.
In step (c), a mask of photosensitive resin (33) is deposited. It is etched by a conventional photoetching process with exposure through a mask and development to form an asymmetrical window 34 extending over the future source and gate regions. A P-type doping impurity, such as boron, is introduced by ion implantation through this window with an energy level sufficient to ensure that it only penetrates into the layer 20. The polycrystalline silicon of the future source zone is thus simultaneously doped with N-type and P-type impurities.
The layer 33 is then eliminated, for example in an acid solution or in an oxygen plasma.
In step (d), an oxide layer (36) having a thickness of 5000 A is then deposited at low temperature, for example at a temperature below 800� C., and etched by a photoetching process so as to eliminate it from above the future region of the channel and the oxide field regions.
This oxide layer acts as a mask in the following etching operation of which the purpose is to eliminate the layer 20 of polycrystalline silicone in the channel region 61. As shown in the figure, this opening is situated on the boundary defining the two zones, respectively, formed by the P- and N-doped polycrystalline silicon and the exclusively N-doped polycrystalline silicone. This etching operation may be carried out in an acid or basic solution or in a plasma of freon.
The following step (e) represents the fundamental operation of the process according to the invention.
It consists in heating the wafer to a high temperature, typically of the order of 800� C. to 1050� C., the effect of which is to cause a simultaneous diffusion of the doping impurities contained in the polycrystalline silicon 20 towards the silicon of the substrate. This operation enables the drain, source and channel regions of the transistor 13, 12 and 16, respectively, to be obtained. The P-type region of the channel 16 can only be obtained if the N-type and P-type doping impurities are selected with different coefficients of diffusion. In particular, for a N-channel structure, the P-type doping impurity will be boron, and the N-type doping impurity is arsenic, so that the coefficient of diffusion of the boron is greater than that of the arsenic and enables it to diffuse over a wider area, creating the P-type region of the channel 16.
The channel region thus appears to be formed by the "face" of the diffused region which opens at the surface of the wafer and which, by its thickness, defines the length L of the channel. The length of the channel is no longer connected to the use of geometric photomasks, as in conventional processes, but instead is merely determined by the duration of a heat treatment, the choice of this duration enabling the length of the channel to be defined with precision. The limitations of optical processes using photomasks are thus overcome, which affords the possibility of obtaining channels less than 1μ in length.
At the same time, the silicon of the substrate is oxidized in the region of the channel, forming the gate insulating oxide 37, and covering the sides of the layers 36 and 20 with a layer of oxide 38.
In step (f), the control gate of the transistor is formed.
It may consist of a refractory metal, such as molybdenum, or of polycrystalline silicon.
Another layer of polycrystalline silicon with N-type or P-type doping, or of refractory metal, is then deposited and eteched to form the gate 14 of the MOS-transistor thus formed. As explained above, it only covers that portion situated above the diffused channel by its part 19.
Step (g) shows the following phase in which a final insulating layer 40 is formed, preferably consisting of a silicon oxide doped with phosphorus in a proportion such that, by a subsequent heat treatment, this layer flows and covers the entire surface including the more rounded reliefs. In step (h), this layer is etched by conventional photoetching means, so that it is left with openings to enable contacts to be formed on the regions 20 and 14 by perforation of the layers 36 and 40.
Finally, in step (i), a layer 50 of a metal of high conductivity, for example aluminium or an aluminium-silicon or aluminium-copper alloy, is deposited with delimitation by photoetching to form the actual contacts on the layers 20 and 14 of polycrystalline silicon.
The process according to the invention has many significant advantages. Firstly, it may be recalled that the channel of the transistor is defined by diffusion and not by photoetching and that, as already mentioned, the length of the channel may thus be reduced to values of the order of 1 micron. The structure is thus rapid and may be used for UHF transistors and rapid circuits.
Secondly, the contacts on the drain and source are "automatically positioned," by virtue of the fact that the polycrystalline silicon acts both as a conductor and as a doping source for the drains and sources.
This property makes it possible to reduce the surface of these regions when a contact is to be formed thereon.
Another advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the fact that it provides for the formation of contacts 50 which project beyond both the oxide field regions and beyond the source and drain regions, which enables the surface of the drain to be reduced whilst, at the same time, maintaining sufficient contacts. This results in a reduction in the capacity of this region relative to the substrate.
Yet another advantage of the process according to the invention lies in the fact that the doping of the drain and the doping of the control gate are independent on one another. The resistivity of the control gate may be considerably reduced which is of advantage for reducing the propagation times of the signals when the signals are transmitted by the gate and the layer associated with it.
This characteristic is of advantage in circuits of large surface area.
On the other hand, so far as production costs are concerned, the process according to the invention manages with a number of photoetchings identical with the process for producing the known transistor illustrated in FIG. 1, of which the disadvantages were mentioned earlier on.
Accordingly, the process according to the invention is distinguished in particular by the use of one layer of polycrystalline silicon for simultaneously performing three completely different functions, two of which occur in one and the same step of the process.
These two functions are, on the one hand, the formation by diffusion of the source and drain electrodes of a transistor and, on the other hand, the formation by diffusion of its channel. The third function is the connection of the source and drain regions to the external contacts.
Thus, the fact that steps performing several functions, which previously were carried out separately by different processes, are combined into a single process represents a significant improvement over the prior art, contributing to a common object of reducing the dimensions of the devices obtained and also the production costs.
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Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
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US4442589 * | Mar 5, 1981 | Apr 17, 1984 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for manufacturing field effect transistors |
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US4500898 * | Jul 6, 1982 | Feb 19, 1985 | General Electric Company | Semiconductor devices utilizing eutectic masks |
US4589936 * | Aug 18, 1983 | May 20, 1986 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for fabricating a semiconductor device by co-diffusion of arsenic and phosphorus |
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US4947226 * | Mar 3, 1989 | Aug 7, 1990 | Hoenywell, Inc. | Bilateral switching device |
US5030584 * | Oct 6, 1989 | Jul 9, 1991 | Nec Corporation | Method for fabricating MOS semiconductor device operable in a high voltage range using polysilicon outdiffusion |
US5118631 * | Aug 3, 1989 | Jun 2, 1992 | Loral Fairchild Corporation | Self-aligned antiblooming structure for charge-coupled devices and method of fabrication thereof |
US5466615 * | Aug 19, 1993 | Nov 14, 1995 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. | Silicon damage free process for double poly emitter and reverse MOS in BiCMOS application |
US5486487 * | Oct 19, 1993 | Jan 23, 1996 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. | Method for adjusting the threshold of a read-only memory to achieve low capacitance and high breakdown voltage |
US5831307 * | Feb 15, 1997 | Nov 3, 1998 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Silicon damage free process for double poly emitter and reverse MOS in BICMOS application |
U.S. Classification | 257/336, 257/E29.255, 438/368, 257/339, 257/E21.151, 438/547, 257/754, 438/286, 257/E29.04, 257/E29.054, 438/301 |
International Classification | H01L29/78, H01L29/08, H01L21/225, H01L29/10 |
Cooperative Classification | H01L29/0847, H01L29/1045, H01L29/78, H01L21/2257 |
European Classification | H01L21/225A4F, H01L29/08E2, H01L29/10D2B2B, H01L29/78 |