text:
Foundation, NJ U. S. A
the Message Continues ... 6/115
Newsletter for March 2011
Article 1 - Article 2 - Article 3 - Article 4 - Article 5 - Article 6 - Article 7 - Article 8 - Article 9 - Article 10 - Article 11 - Article 12
The Scholarly Jihad of the Imams
by Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi
The period under discussion (95-148 A.H /712-765 A.D.) began and
ended in the times of the 5th and 6th Imams. The persecutions of
the Shi'is continued unabated from Mu'awiya's time to almost the
very last days of the Umayyads, although this dynasty in its
latter days was considerably weakened by internal strife. Zayd,
the grandson of Husayn, rose up to establish the rule of
religion and justice in 122/740, but he was felled by an arrow
in his forehead, and his army of 15,000 fled. His body was
exhumed by order of the Umayyad caliph, Hisham, was mutilated,
beheaded and crucified in Kufa and left there for years on the
cross. Then Hisham's successor, al-Walid, ordered the body to be
burned, and the ashes scattered on the banks of the Euphrates.
Zayd's son, Yahya, rose up in Khorasan; coincidently he also was
killed by an arrow which pierced his brain. He was beheaded; the
head was sent to al-Walid and the body crucified. This was in
125/743. The body remained on the cross till Abu Muslim al-Khurasani
rose in Khorasan and the call rose up against the Umayyads "to
please the progeny of Muhammad", and Umayyad rule ended.
But the persecution in itself was a major cause of the spread of
the persecuted Shi'a faith. Muhammad Jawad al-Mughniya writes:
"The Shi'is offered arguments from the Qur'an and the traditions
of the Prophet and advanced intellectual reasons to the effect
that the love of the Prophet's family-members was obligatory,
and that it was essential to follow them and to hold fast to
their rope; that it was obligatory to keep aloof from their
enemies. They wrote many books about their superiority and
virtues. But none of these books or arguments proved as
effective in strengthening and spreading the Shi'a faith as did
the policy of Mu'awiya and his Umayyad successors. Surely the
persecution carried out by the Umayyads was more effective than
a thousand and one books or than a thousand and one proofs in
proving the status of 'Ali and confirming his divine right to
the Caliphate. [1] "' Dr. Taha Husain says: "So far as
propagating beliefs and attracting people to follow them is
concerned, nothing is more effective than persecution. It
creates sympathy for those who undergo suffering, and are
engulfed by tragedies, and who are subjected to pressure by the
ruler. To the same degree it creates revulsion against this
ruler who resorts to injustice, carries his tyrannies to the
furthest limit and overburdens the population with hardships.
For this reason, the Shi' a cause became great during the last
decade of Mu'awiya's reign, and their call spread -and what a
spread it was-in the eastern Islamic countries and southern
Arabia. And by the time Mu'awiya had died, many people, and
especially the general public in Iraq, believed that hate of
Umayyads and love of the Ahl al Bayt was their religion.' [2]
Wellhausen writes: "All the people of Iraq during Mu'awiya's
reign, and especially the Kufites were Shi'i and this was not
only among individuals but among whole tribes and chiefs of the
tribes." [3]
Arabia, Iraq and Khorasan, together with the Yemen and Bahrain
were in turmoil; hatred of the Umayyads became an established
factor of the body politic, and to the same degree people
gravitated towards the descendants of 'Ali. Several factors led
to this result:
1. They were the Ahl al-Bayt; Allah had chosen that house for
His Prophethood; it was appropriate that the people should
choose them for their guidance.
2. They were the first to rise against the Umayyads and their
tyrannies; they were the first to speak for the oppressed masses
and to sacrifice their lives for this cause.
3. Not only the Ahl al-Bayt, but even their Shi'is, right from
the beginning of Umayyad rule, worked openly and secretly
against those tyrants; and they faced all the consequences:
massacres, banishments, imprisonments, crucifixions, and all
types of torture. [4]
Ibn al-Athir confirms that when the 'Abbasids joined this
campaign towards the end, "they were using the slogan that they
wanted to avenge the murders of Husayn, Zayd and Yahya." [5]
Well hausen writes: "The 'Abbasids tried their utmost to keep
secret from the people their intention that they wanted to
replace the descendants of Fatima; instead, they pretended that
they were doing whatever they were doing for the sake of the
Fatimids. They rose in Khorasan and other places claiming that
they wanted to avenge the martyrs of the children of Fatima."
"The 'Abbasids rose in the name of the 'Alawites, and on the
shoulders of their Shi'is. (After the success) they changed
their attitude towards them, and their oppression of the Shi'is
increased in magnitude and intensity." [7]
Muhammad Ahmad al-Buraq says: "The call really was for the 'Alawites,
because the Khurasanis were attached to the descendants of 'Ali,
not to the descendants of Abbas. That is why as Saffah and his
successors always kept their eyes open and tried to prevent
Shi'ism from spreading further in Khorasan
They encouraged the poets to praise them (i.e., the 'Abbasids)
and gave them rewards, and those poets used to cast aspersions
against the descendants of 'Ali." [8]
"This led the 'Abbasid 'caliphs' to renounce the faith of Ahl
al-Bayt (which they had followed up to the beginning of their
period of rule) and accept Sunnism, because they were afraid
that if Shi'ism spread, the rule would go to the 'Alawites. Thus
the 'Abbasids faithfully followed the Umayyads in policy, belief
and practice." [9]
Be that as it may, the Umayyads in their last days and the
'Abbasids in their first days could not give much attention to
the Shi' is. Thus the fifth Imam started teaching his faith in
Madina openly. People came to him from far and wide to learn
from him explanations of the Qur'an, the traditions, rules of
the sharia, theology, etc. It was not a formal madrasa
(university, school); yet, for want of a better word, we shall
call it the madrasa of the Imam. The fifth Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir
(95-114/712-732) died before the madrasa had reached its point
of perfection, but his son, the sixth Imam, Ja'far As-Sadiq
developed it to such an extent that the number of his disciples
exceeded four thousand. This continued up to 132/750 when the
'Abbasids came to power Although as-Saffah, the first 'Abbasid
caliph, ruled for only four years, and that time was mostly
taken up in consolidating his power, he found time to call the
Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq to his capital, Hira, where he was held
incommunicado. One man who wanted to see him had to disguise
himself as a hawker of cucumber to reach the Imam.' [10] But
later he came back to Madina.
Then came al-Mansur (13S158/754-775) whose only aim in life, it
seems, was to kill every descendant of 'Ali. The Shi'is in
general, and the 'Alawites in particular, were persecuted more
brutally than they were during the reign of the Umayyads. He put
even more hindrance in the way of the Imam. "He forbade the
people to go to the Imam, and forbade the Imam to sit (outside)
to receive the people, and put the utmost pressure on him. So
much so that if a problem appeared in a Shi'is life concerning,
for example, marriage, divorce or some other matter, and he had
no knowledge of the rule of the sharia about it, he could not
reach the Imam, and, as a result, the man and the wife had to
separate. " [11]
After a long period, al-Mansur allowed the Imam to benefit the
people with his divine knowledge, [12] but there were always
spies to report his words and answers. Therefore, the Imam had
to be cautious in his discourses. In short, the period of
freedom had gone, so far as the Shi'is were concerned.
Anyhow, this period coincided with the movement of free thinking
which had started in the Muslim world. Arabs came in contact
with the older civilizations of Iran, Syria and Egypt, and
became acquainted with Zoroastrian and Manichean beliefs and
Greek philosophy. Some books had already been translated from
Greek and other languages. Many scholars adopted strange beliefs
and foreign ideas and spread them among the common people. One
finds a bewildering plethora of new sects mushrooming. Atheism
was openly advocated even in the great mosque of the Ka'ba; the
Murji'ites, by saying that faith is not affected by deeds,
supported the tyrannies of the rulers; the "exaggerators" (ghulat)
claimed divinity for this or that human being (even the Imam
Ja'far as-Sadiq was believed to be God by Abul Khattab). The
Kharijites declared that all Muslims who were opposed to them
were infidels; The sufis adopted some ideas from Christian monks
and Hindu ascetics, and led people away from Islamic monotheism;
the traditionalists flooded the Muslim world with forged
traditions. In short, there was a deluge of anti- Islamic ideals
and ideas which inundated true Islam. Amidst this all, these two
Imams guided to the truth.
These Imams and their faithful disciples were the first to see
this danger, and they were ready to fight it with their logical
evidence. They defended the true faith, repulsed its enemies,
and raised the standards of the shari'a. They launched an
unremitting jihad (academic, of course) against the ghulat and
showed them in their true colours. They argued with the
Muttazilites, the Murji'ites, and the Kharijites in public and
proved the weakness of their standpoints. They exposed the sufis
and refuted their arguments. They corrected what was wrong in
the theological ideas of many Muslim scholars, and showed them
where they had gone wrong in jurisprudence.' [13]
As we have explained above, the major part of this work was done
by the Imam Ja' far as-Sadiq. As a result of his untiring
defence of Islam, the Muslim world came to see in him the only
hope for the salvation of Islam. Eyes turned towards him,
thinkers accepted the Imam as their "great-teacher"; people used
to come into his presence with pen and paper ready, and his
words were recorded on the spot. Thousands of such notebooks
were filled, and the words of the Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq attained
the same prestige as those of the Messenger of God. Not only the
Shi'is, Sunnis, Mu'tazilites and atheists, but also the Hindus
and Christians came to him and benefited from his discourses.
The Sunni Imam, Malik b. Anas, the founder of the Maliki school
of law, said: "No eye ever saw, no ear ever heard, and no heart
ever imagined anyone superior to Ja'far b. Muhammad in virtue,
knowledge, worship and piety. [14]
Ibn Shahr ashub writes: "So much knowledge has been narrated
from as- Sadiq that has never been narrated from anyone else;
and the scholars of traditions have collected the names of his
trustworthy narrators of various beliefs and views, and they
were four thousand men." Abu Na'im writes in Hilyatu 'l-Awliya:
"Malik b. Anas, Shutba b. Hajjaj, Sufyan at-Thawri, Ibn Jarih,
'Abdullah b. 'Amr, Rawh, b. Qasim, Sufyan b. 'Uyayna, Sulayman
b. Bilal, Isma'il b. Ja'far, Hakim b. Isma'il, 'Abdu l-'Aziz b.
Mukhtar, Wuhayb b. Khalid, Ibrahim b. Tahman, among others ...,
narrated from Ja'far as-Sadiq, peace be upon him." [15] Quoting
from others, Ibn Shahr 'ashub has added the names of the Sunni
Imams Malik, ash-Shat and Ahmad b. Hanbal, and al-Hasan b. as-Salih,
Abu Ayyub as-Sajistani and 'Umar b. Dinar. [16]
Hasan b. Ziyad says that Imam Abu Hanifa (founder of the Hanafi
school of Sunni law) was asked about the most learned man he had
seen. He replied: "Ja'far b. Muhammad." [17]
Nuh b. Darraj asked Ibn Abi Layla: "Would you leave (i.e.
change) an opinion you have expressed or a judgment you have
delivered for any other person's words?" He said: "No. Except
one man." Nuh asked: "And who is he?" He said: "Ja'far b.
Muhammad."' [18]
The above is only a partial list of Sunni scholars and Imams who
came to the Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq and benefited from his
teachings. Add to it the names of the sufis, atheists, Hindus
and Kharijites who flocked to his madrasa, and one can
appreciate what a treasure of knowledge was given to people by
the Imam.
When others benefitted so much, how much more must have been
gathered by the Shi'is. One of his well-known disciples, Aban b.
Taghlib, narrated from him thirty thousand traditions. Hasan b.
Ali al-Washsha' said: "I found in the mosque of Kufa nine
hundred shaykhs, every one of them saying 'Ja'far b. Muhammad
told me ...' " [19]
In al-Munjid we find: "His (Ja'far as-Sadiq's) madrasa was the
continuation of his father's (al-Baqir's) madrasa, and was
extremely successful in spreading Islamic culture; the number of
its students in Madina was at least 4,000, and they came from
all Muslim countries. There was a large branch-school in Kufa.
One of the greatest achievements of as-Sadiq was his call to
write and edit; before that little writing was done. The number
of the books written by his students was at least four hundred
by four hundred writers." [20]
The Shaykh Muhammad Husayn al-Muzaffar writes: "The best days
for the Shi'is were the transition period, the last years of the
Umayyads and the early years of the'Abbasids ... The Shi'is took
advantage of this breathing space to drink from the stream of
the knowledge of the Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq; they traveled to him
to receive from him the commands of religion and its reality.
His disciples narrated from him in every branch of knowledge, as
is seen in the Shi'is books. His disciples were not only from
the Shi'a community, but all the sects narrated from him, as is
clearly mentioned in the books of, hadith and rijal.
Ibn ' Uqdah, the Shaykh at-Tusi and the Muhaqqiq enumerated his
narrators, and the total came to four thousand." [21]
This open teaching and unrestricted preaching increased the
number of the Shi'is in every region throughout the Muslim
world. It is not possible to give a list of well-known Shi's
scholars and missionaries of that time, as it would be too
lengthy. The teachings and explanations of the Imams removed the
veils of ambiguity from the Shi'i faith and showed its teachings
in clear terms. Theology, explanation of the Qur'an, morality,
jurisprudence, in short every branch of religious knowledge, was
explained in a clear perspective. The faith had not changed an
iota, nor the Qur'anic explanations, nor the traditions; but the
discussions and arguments with the newly-appeared sects
clarified many fine points and gave Shi'i theology its distinct
shape. Also, Shi'i fiqh (law) was so developed at this time that
people started calling it the Ja'fari school of law. The Shaykh
Mustafa 'Abdur' Razzaq of al-Azhar University says: "The
eagerness to codify law came to the Shi'is earlier than to other
Muslims." [22]
Some of the factors which helped in this development were:
1. The intellectual advancement of the Muslims;
2. The fortuitousness of the transitional period between the
Umayyads and the 'Abbasids;
3. The gatherings of thousands of eager disciples.
Such favourable factors never came together before or after this
period, and that is why other Imams could not do as much,
although all of them possessed the same divine knowledge.
That knowledge was not confined to religious subjects only, and
we shall mention in the next part of this article two examples
of the contributions of this madrasa to other branches of
Part II
In part I we examined the prominence of the school of the Imam
Ja'far as- Sadiq in the religious sciences, and discussed the
reasons for its pre-eminence. Now we shall see how it also
contributed to other branches of knowledge, those of the natural
(a) CHEMISTRY. Jabir b. Hayyan (the Geber of the Latins), who
has been called one of the 'fathers of chemistry' and 'the most
famous Arabic alchemist' [23], was one of the students of the
Imam Ja'far, as-Sadiq. The quantity of Jabir's output is quite
staggering: besides his writings in chemistry, he wrote 1,300
treatises on mechanics, 500 on medicine, and 500 against Greek
philosophy, not to mention other subjects. The number of his
books which have been printed in Latin, French and German since
the 17th century comes to thirty, if we count his '500 booklets'
as one book. There are 36 known manuscripts of his works in the
British Museum, the Biblioteque Nationale in Paris and in other
libraries in Germany. Egypt, Iran and Turkey. The extent to
which he is indebted to the Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq in his research
and teachings may be judged from the fact that in many of his
books we find: 'My master and mawla. Ja'far. peace be upon him,
told me that ...', and in his book, 'al Manfa'a' he explicitly
says: 'I acquired this knowledge from Ja'far b. Muhammad, the
leader of the people in his time.' [24]
George Sarton, referring to Jabir's untranslated work, writes:
'We find in them remarkably sound views on methods of chemical
research; a theory on the geologic formation of metals; the
so-called sulphur-mercury theory of metals ...; preparation of
various substances (e.g., basic lead carbonate; arsenic; and
antimony from their sulphides). Jabir deals also with various
applications, e.g., refinement of metals, preparation of steel.
dyeing of cloth and leather, varnishes to waterproof cloth and
protect iron, use of manganese dioxide in glass making, use of
iron pyrites for writing in gold, distillation of vinegar to
concentrate acetic acid. He observed the imponderability of mag-
netic force.' [25] He also discovered that each metal and
material had a basic weight; he called this 'the knowledge of
weights, 'ilm al-mawazin.' [26] He was, in the words of Sarton:
'a very great personality, one of the greatest in mediaeval
science.' [27]
Several of his writings have been translated by scholars such as
M. Berthelot, Octave Hodas, E. J. Holmyard, Ernst Darmstaedter
and Max Mayerhoff. Berthelot wrote in his 'History of
Chemistry': 'The name Jabir holds the same place in the history
of chemistry which the name of Aristotle holds in the history of
logic.' [28] Holmyard wrote: 'Jabir was the student and friend
of Ja'far as-Sadiq; and he found in his incomparable Imam a
supporter and helper, the trustworthy guide and helmsman whose
direction is always needed. And Jabir wanted to free chemistry,
through the direction of his teacher, from the myths of the
ancients which had held it in shackles since Alexandria; and he
succeeded to a great extent in this aim.' [29]
(b) ANATOMY. A Hindu physician attached to the court of
al-Mansur once asked the Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq if he wanted to
learn something in this field from him. The Imam said: 'No. What
I have is better than what you have.' Then began a very
interesting discourse, in which the Imam asked the physician
questions like these: Why is the head covered with hair? Why are
there lines and wrinkles on the forehead? Why are the eyes
shaped like almonds? Why has the nose been placed between the
eyes? Why are the hair and the nails without life (sensation)?
These questions moved from the head downwards, till he ended up
by asking: Why do the knees fold backwards, and why is the foot
hollow on one side? To all these questions, the physician had
only one reply: 'I do not know.' The Imam said: 'But I do know.'
Then he explained all the questions, showing the wisdom and
power of the Creator. The hair is created over the head so that
oil may reach inside, and heat may go out through it, and so
that it may protect the head from heat and cold. There are lines
and wrinkles on the forehead so that sweat from the head does
not reach the eyes. giving the person a chance to wipe it away.
The eyes are almond-shaped so as to make it easy to put medicine
inside them and remove dirt from them. Had they been square or
round, both would have been difficult. The nose is put between
the eyes as it helps to divide the light equally towards both
eyes. The hair and nails lack sensation to make it easier to cut
and trim them. If there were life in them it would have hurt a
person to cut them. The knees fold backwards because human
beings walk forward, and the foot is hollow to make movement
easier.' The physician became a convert to Islam. [30]
A booklet which was dictated by the Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq in four
sessions to his disciple Mufaddal b. 'Umar was widely narrated,
and has been widely studied and copied to the present day; al-Majlisi
copied the whole book into the second volume of his 'Bihar al
Anwar'. [31] In this book, the Imam explained the wonders of
creation, showing at every stage how all of it is inter related
and could not have come into being by chance. In the first
session, he explained the creation of man, his organs of
perception, the power of his mind, his gradual development. and
all the functions of body and mind. In the second session. he
explained the animal world and its common features; then he
divided animals into groups: carnivorous and herbivorous
animals; birds and reptiles; and so forth, explaining every
group's special characteristics. In the process of doing this he
described the donkey. the dog, the elephant, the giraffe, the
monkey, domestic mammals, reindeer, the fox, the dolphin, the
pythom the ant, the spider, the chicken, the peacock the
pheasant, the flamingo, the sparrow, the owl, the bat, the bee,
the locust and fish. The third session was devoted to geography.
geology. astronomy (not astrology) and other related subjects,
such as minerals, trees and medicine. In the last session the
Imam dealt with the most common objection made by atheists: If
there is a Creator, then why is there so much suffering in the
world? The Imam answered this with the same attention to detail
as he had shown in the previous sessions, with systematic
arguments. This book is a treasure of knowledge, written to
refute the ideas of atheists. Everywhere the Imam draws
attention to the wisdom and power of the Creator. Two examples
will be given here at random. 'Allah created eyesight to
perceive colours; had there been colour but no eye to see it,
there would have been no use for colour. And He created hearing
to perceive sounds: had there been sounds but no ear to hear
them, there would have been no reason to have them. The same is
true for all kinds of perception. and the same is true in the
opposite sense: had there been eyesight but no colour to see,
eyesight would have been useless; and if there had been ears,
but no sounds to hear, ears would also have been useless. Now,
see how Allah has gauged everything to fit with everything else.
For every organ of perception he made something for it to
perceive, and for every sensory phenomenon something to perceive
it. Not only that. but He created the medium between the organs
of perception and their objects, without which perception could
not take place; for example, light and air: if there were no
light eyesight could not perceive colour; and if there were no
air to carry sounds to the ear, it could not hear them. Can
someone with a sound mind who observes all these interconnected
phenomena fail to admit that they could not exist without the
Will and Measuring of a Merciful, All-Knowing Creator?' [32]
At one point Mufaddal said: 'O My Master! Some people think that
all this was made by nature ' The Imam dictated: 'Ask them about
this nature. Is it a thing which has the knowledge and power for
such work? Or is it without knowledge and power? If they say
that it has knowledge and power, then why should they disbelieve
in a Creator, because these [i.e., knowledge and power] are His
attributes. And if they think that nature does it without
knowledge and will, and yet there is so much wisdom and
perfection in these works, they must admit that it could come
only from a Wise Creator. [The fact is that] nature is only [a
name for] the system in creation which operates as He has made
it operate.' [33]
There is an interesting aside in the fourth day's session, where
the Imam said: 'The name of the universe in Greek is qusmus (kosmos),
and it means 'adornment'. This name was given to it by their
philosophers and wise men. Could they have named it so except
because of the order and system which they found there? They
were not content to call it a system; they called it an
'adornment' to show that the order and system found therein has
the highest degree of beauty and splendour.' [34]
[1] Muhammad Jawad al Mughniya, ash Shia wal Hakimun, al Maktab
al Ahliya, Beirut, 1st edition 1961, p. 75
[2] Taha Husain, Ali wa Banuh as quoted in ash Shia, p. 80
[3] J. Wellhausen, al Khawarij wa shia (trans into Arabic of his
The Kharijites and the Shi'ites ed. 1985 p. 499) quoted by M. J.
al Mughniya in his ash Shia wat Tashayyu, Maktaba al Madrasa wa
Dar al Kitab al Libnani, Beirut, note 8 p. 68
[4] M. J al Mughniya, as shia wat Tashayyu, pp. 134-5
[5] Ibn al Athir, al Kamil fi t Tarikh, Beirut, 1975, vol. 4 pp
[6] J. Wellhausen, Tarikh ad Dawlati l Arabiya (trans into
Arabic of his History of the Arabs), p. 489, quoted by M. J. al
Mughniya is his ash Shia wa l Hakimun, p. 135
[7] M. J. al Mughniya, op cit pp 135-6
[8] Muhammad Ahmad al Buraq, Abu l Abbas as Saffah, as quoted in
as Shia wal Hakimun, p. 134
[9] M. J. al Mughniya, op cit p. 139
[10] Muhammad Baqir al Majlisi, Bihar al Anwar, new edition,
Tehran, 1385 A.H, vol. 47, p. 171 quoting Qutb al Din ar Rawandi,
al Kharaij wa l Jaraih, p. 234
[11] Ibn Shahr ashub, Manaqib, vol. 4 al Matba al Alimiya, Qum,
p. 238
[12] ibid, many similar reports are given in Fadl b. Hasan at
Tabarsi, al Ihtijaj, and al Majlisi, op cit
[13] ibid
[14] Ibn Hajar al Asqalani, Tadhib al Tadhib, Hyderabad, 1325
A.H, vol. 2, p. 104
[15] Ibn Shahr ashub, Manaqab, vol. 4 p 247-8
[16] Ibn Shahr ashub, op cit, p. 248
[17] ibid, p. 254
[18] ibid, p. 249
[19] Muhsin al Amin, Ayan ash Shia, vol. 4 Part II, Mathah al
Imaf, Ebirut, ed. 1380/1920
[20] Al Munjid fi l Alam, Beirut (21st ed.) 1973
[21] Muhammad Husayn al Muzaffar, Tarikh ash Shia, Dar az Zahra,
Beirut, 3rd edition 1402/1982 pp. 53, 55
[22] M. Abdur Razzaq, Tahmid li Tarikh al Falsafat al Islamiy,
Cairo, 1959, p. 202
[23] G. Sarton. Introduction to the History of Science, vol. 1.
Baltimore. 1927. p. 532.
[24] 'Abdullah Nima. Falasifat ash Shi'a, Beirut, 1966. p. 196.
This book is an excellent source for those who wish to examine
the contribution of Shiah scholars to philosophy and science.
The author discusses Jabirs life and contribution between pp.
184 and 231.
[25] G. Sarton. op. cit., p. 532. For the Imam Ja'far as Sadiq.
see, ibid.. p. 508.
[26] Quoted by Abdullah Ni'ma. op. cit., pp. 61. 187.
[27] G. Sarton. op. cit., p. 532.
[28] Quoted by 'Abdullah Ni'ma. op. cit., p. 187.
[29] Quoted by 'Abdullah Niima. ibid., pp. 193-4.
[30] ash-Shaykh as-Saduq, Ilal ash shari'a, n.p., 1311. p. 44.
[31] al Majlisi, Bihar al Anwar. new ed.. vol. 111, pp. 57-151.
[32] ibid.,p.69.
[33] ibid., p. 67. 34. ibid., p. 146.
Courtesy: al-Serat, Vol IX No. 1 and 2
All material published by Al-Huda.com / And the Message Continues is the sole responsibility of its author's).
The opinions and/or assertions contained therein do not necessarily reflect the editorial views of this site,
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Wolfgang Knauf Jan 27, 2010 8:39 AM (in response to chris ciotti)Hi,
see this:
"URL patterns use an extremely simple syntax. Every character in a pattern must match the corresponding character in the URL path exactly, with two exceptions. At the end of a pattern, /* matches any sequence of characters from that point forward. The pattern *.extension matches any file name ending with extension. No other wildcards are supported, and an asterisk at any other position in the pattern is not a wildcard.
So, you have to use the full path in this webapp, and you cannot insert wildcards unfortunately. The spec does not allow this.
Best regards

subset: commoncrawl


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America's track record with tending to the needs of veterans upon returning from active duty remains spotty at best and deplorable at worst. But public and private initiatives alike seek to reward their heroism with educational benefits smoothing the road from battlefield to career. Thanks to their prodigious efforts, returning service members enjoy heightened access to the resources essential to forging the rest of their lives. Thanks to Thebestcolleges.org.

1. GI Bill

The American government's official initiative assisting veterans requiring career training and higher education once their service concludes isn't perfect, but certainly offers numerous options suitable for a variety of needs. Offered by The Department of Veteran Affairs, the GI Bill is actually several different programs rolled into one. Some cover active duty, others the reserves, and another makes sure dependents and survivors have their needs met as well. So much information and red tape obviously seems rather overwhelming for some, making the benefit comparison tools absolute essentials.

2. Veteran Success Jam

A joint effort by American Council on Education and The Kresge Foundation, the Veteran Success Jam brought together organizations, businesses, and returning veterans with the hopes of establishing the right fits for the right folks. Working both with and in addition to the GI Bill, the online event provided a forum in which participants discussed and debated issues relevant to veterans and higher education. Colleges and universities received intimate lessons in how to best tailor their offerings to meet this demographic's unique needs and circumstances.

3. Severely Injured Military Veterans: Fulfilling Their Dreams

Once again, ACE participates in programming intended to meet the needs of veterans desiring a college or vocational education. Severely Injured Military Veterans, as one can imagine, focuses on making sure one of the more marginalized demographics among returning soldiers receive proper accommodation. Since 2007, more than 450 million Iraq and Afghanistan survivors have taken advantage of the academic advising available at three military hospitals. From there, they move on to schools capable of meeting their academic and physical or mental needs.

4. Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program

YRRP reaches out to National Guard members and reservists as well as their families, making sure they receive all the information they require during and after deployment. Education falls under the banner of services available, along with healthcare and legal counsel, specifically outlined to meet the particulars of serving in this particular branch. Much of the YRRP concerns itself with making sure National Guard members, as well as reserve members, receive proper school and job training funding for themselves and their families.

5. Hazelwood Act

Under the Hazelwood Act, military members who are Texas residents — as well as their dependents — receive college- and university-level educations at a far more affordable rate than civilians. Specifically, beneficiaries receive tuition for up to 150 credit hours as well as complete fee waivers. However, these can only be applied to participating public, technical, and vocational schools in addition to employers based in Texas.

6. Veterans for Education

Hosted by Rutgers University, this club encourages veterans and their supporters to educate the public about the realities of college life as a returning service member. Something of a stigma attaches itself to military members pursuing higher education, unfortunately, and organizations such as Veterans for Education work toward alleviating it in order to ease their transition into a brand new setting. Other offerings include fundraisers for a nice selection of veteran-related issues, guest speakers, and friendly going-away parties supporting enlisted students shipping off to Afghanistan or Iraq.

7. Student Veterans of America

With internships, scholarships, and conferences available, the Student Veterans of America nonprofit should be on the radar of all military personnel desiring higher education; there's chapters located all over the United States. Members here enjoy access to detailed resources regarding paying tuition and fees (if any) and settling into a brand new environment as comfortably as they can. Additionally, the extensive network SVA serves means cobbling together more beneficial strategies for providing veteran students exactly what they need to academically and professionally succeed after discharge or deployment.

8. Troops to Teachers

Both the Department of Education and the Department of Defense operate the Troops to Teachers initiative; its major aim should be pretty clearly broadcast. Qualified military personnel with an interest in working in the education sector as a second career hit it up for the resources and training necessary for public school positions. Funded and unfunded programs are available, though all of them ultimately hope to pair off participants with positions congruent with their educations and interests.

9. Helmets to Hardhats

Similar to Troops to Teachers, though run by different organizations, Helmets to Hardhats specializes in helping veterans receive the education and training requirements to work in the construction and building industries. The program also works closely with Wounded Warriors, ensuring equal employment opportunities for military personnel injured in combat. Apprenticeships form the bulk of Helmets to Hardhats' programs, and upon completion and certification it allows participants a chance at finding the most befitting position for launching their careers.

10. Strength in Service and Strength After Service

ONE Freedom's reintegration programs involve more than just education, though it certainly stands as an integral component. Through free workshops and classes, both veterans and their families learn all about valuable job skills as well as strategies for balancing necessities. Even customized lessons are available for groups who want to focus on sharpening a specific area of their lives.

11. Veterans Education Project

Though based out of Amherst, Mass., much of New England benefits from the Veterans Education Project's programming. Rather than getting them back to school as students, it places them in a teaching position as speakers, opening up about their personal experiences and demystifying the realities behind military service. Veterans Education Project operates the Military Families Connect effort, a combination support group and community outreach service emphasizing what loved ones go through when someone they care about deploys.


text: Let me first off say. I have a copper iud in me. Had it for 2 years now. I have regular Sexwith my bf. He ejaculates in me every time. So my period ended January 30 2017. The last 4 days I have had spotting. Bloating. Tired all the time. Very sore boobs. Mild cramping. Back pain. Is it possible I am pregnant? Is it to soon to take a test ? Considering I just finshed my period 2 weeks ago ?? It's now febuary 16. Has anyone been in my shoes before


text: Baby Baby Proofing Laundry Room Safety Laundry time again? With kids in the house, almost every day turns into laundry day. Those little clothes turn into a big pile pretty quickly! No worries — you'll get it done. You'll find that tackling this task is easier with an efficient routine that helps keep you and your family safe as well as clean. Here are some guidelines to follow: Tips for Safe Storage: Up, Up, and Away • Be sure to keep all laundry and cleaning products out of your children's reach and sight. • Keep products in their original container, with the label intact, in a locked cabinet. • Make sure you always close the laundry container to avoid spills and unintended exposure. • Put products away ASAP in their appropriate storage location after use. It is important to keep all laundry and cleaning products away from little ones. Tips for Safe Use of Laundry Products • When you're doing the laundry, make sure that you follow all recommended product instructions. Pay particular attention to all Caution, Warning, Danger, and Poison statements. • If you spill or drop anything, clean it up right away. • Pac detergents are made to dissolve in water, so you should always make sure your hands are dry when you are handling the packets. • Wash your hands after doing laundry. And you'll need to wash any utensils or containers you use for measuring or dispensing products. • Plan to do your laundry and other cleaning chores during your child's downtime (such as naptime), if possible. This can help ensure that your attention is not diverted while you're using laundry and cleaning products, and help avoid unintended exposure. • Always have on hand the numbers of your pediatrician and of the Poison Control Center: 1.800.222.1222 Tips for Safe Disposal • Read the label and carefully follow the recommended product disposal information. • Don't use empty detergent containers to store any other materials. And never put food or anything edible in a detergent container. For more tips and information, visit P&G Everyday's Safe Home. You might also like:


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Queen's University Gazette
Labour News
Preliminary 2017-18 operating budget is balanced and includes important reinvestments in faculty renewal and student support.
Tech company Canarmony has developed a cloud-based scheduling tool for healthcare sector with support from Innovation Park.
Music student Kento Stratford will see major project performed for the first time at the Isabel Bader Centre for the Performing Arts.
Janice Hill wears many hats and takes on many responsibilities, but overarching all is an unwavering commitment to Aboriginal students.
Alumna, staff member, and TRC Task Force member Vanessa McCourt talks about her time as a student and her work as an adviser at Four Directions.
International expert Samir Sinha explores how the gadgets of today and tomorrow may help us age well.


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Provides commentary and analysis on cases going in front of the Supreme Court of Ohio. By Marianna Bettman.
By Mark Giangrande and Joe Hodnicki.
Provides case announcements and decision highlights. From the Supreme Court of Ohio and Ohio Government Telecommunications.
Legal information and research resouces. By the Michael E. Moritz Law Library at Ohio State University.
Covers broker and realtor issues, construction and development, landords and tenants, and real estate taxation. By Kohrman Jackson & Krantz.
Provides updates and commentary on current employment law headlines and topics. By Kohrman Jackson & Krantz PLL.
Discusses environmental law and policy at both the national level and with a focus on developments in Ohio. By Joseph P. Koncelik of Frantz Ward LLP.
Provides commentary on criminal law, civil liberties and jurisprudence. By Jeffrey Gamso.
Comments on DUI law. By Shawn R. Dominy.
Covers business, construction, employment and real estate law in Ohio and Kentucky. By Dressman Benzinger LaVelle.
Covers news about and opinions issued by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the sixth Circuit with an emphasis on business cases. By Squire Sanders.
Covers Ohio workers' compensation, disability insurance, medical malpractice and personal injury law.
By AlerStallings, LLC.
Covers public criminal justice and defense. By Luftman, Heck & Associates LLP.
Covers personal injury and accidents, DUI, criminal defense, bank side bankruptcy cases, creditors' rights, divorce and family custody, and estate planning. By Fessler Schneider & Grimme.
Covers legal developments and trends affecting employee benefits. By Porter Wright Morris & Arthur LLP.
Covers criminal law and student disciplinary hearings.
Covers real estate development, environmental, finance and legal issues. By Ulmer Berne LLP.
Informs local attorneys of major legal developments important to their practice. By Sue Altmeyer.
Covers visas, green cards, and immigration law. By Shihab & Associates.
Comments on immigration law. By Slowik & Robinson LLC.
Discusses current legal topics in the media, sports, and entertainment industries. By Joseph A. Bahgat.
Covers misconduct by brokerage firms or financial advisors. By Hermann, Cahn & Schneider, LLP.
Covers Cincinnati personal injury and workers compensation issues. By McKenzie & Snyder LLP.
Covers immigration law. By The Law Offices of Jeffrey C. Pettys.
Covers personal injury and workers compensation law.
Covers elder law, elder care, probate, estate law and family law.
Covers eminent domain issues in the States of Indiana, North Carolina and Illinois.
Covers asset protection laws. By Kenneth J. Laino.
Answers common questions about arrest and court proceedings for Columbus, Ohio residents
Covers business and franchising law. By Mary Beth Gettins.
Covers news and information related to criminal law and life. By Charles M. Rowland II.
Covers injury and accident law. By Rubin Guttman & Associates, L.P.A.
By the Law Offices of Patituce & Associates, LLC.
Covers elder law, estate planning, Medicaid, probate, wills and trusts.
Covers business litigation, intellectual property, data security, and advertising and media. By Faruki Ireland & Cox P.L.L.
Covers data security, intellectual property, advertising & media, and business litigation.
Covers DUI for Dayton area residents. By Suhre & Associates, LLC.
Covers labor and employment law issues. By Roetzel & Andress.
Focuses on the intersection between criminal law, the Fourth Amendment and emerging technology. By J. Adam Engel.
Covers Ohio estate planning, nursing home protection and qualifying for veterans benefits. By Thom L. Cooper Company, LPA.
Covers business issues.
Covers retirement plans, defined benefit plans, ERISA, and ESOPs. By Suzanne L. Wynn.
Answers common questions about injury accidents and lawsuits.
Covers laws and cases, with a focus on Cincinnati and Ohio. By the Cincinnati Law Library Association.


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A good friend of mine (and great friend of Penn State football) recently told me a high-larry-us story.
She was at the doctor's office and she handed the receptionist her credit card.
A moment later, the receptionist asked "is that your husband?"
She looked around her and replied "no. why?"
The receptionist then said "No, the picture on your credit card - is that your husband?"
My friend answered "No. That is Joe Paterno."
ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha.
1 comment:
- Kevin McGuire said...
Shame on that receptionist!!! I used to love when somebody would hand me a PSU credit card when I worked at Staples. I always made sure to be extra nice to those people!
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When most people think of the word "sustainability," they think of "green" or "environmentally-friendly." Though these associations are helpful, they don't always tell the whole story.
We view sustainability as the capacity for our business to thrive in future generations through the practices of environmental stewardship, economic robustness and social integrity.
Sustainability is an awareness of how an individual or organization impacts their surroundings over the long-term. It is the idea that if we are aware of how we impact our surroundings, we can act in ways that provide for economic, environmental and social benefits to ourselves (and our children) in the future.
Examples of how we approach sustainability here at Bell's:
reducing impact
- A modular, extensive sedum green roof above our warehouse increases insulation efficiency and extends the life of a waterproofing membrane.
- Our Comstock Brewery roof has a light colored exterior membrane to decrease the amount of heat radiation absorbed and reduces the need for air conditioning.
- A local farmer picks up spent grain and uses it to feed his dairy cows.
- With the Adopt a Highway program, Bell's employees pick up roughly 50-60 bags of trash along M-96, outside our Comstock Brewery, three times a year.
- A partnership with nearby Avalon Farms provides our employees with an opportunity to participate in their Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program. Avalon farms is a Michigan Agriculture Environmental Assurance Program certified operation located 10 miles away in Climax. The partnership allows us to support a local business and environmentally responsible agriculture while providing fresh produce with minimal food miles (thereby reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas associated with its transport).
- In 2015, bike racks were installed to support employee and visitor bike commuting. An outdoor Fix-It Station with bike repair tools for employees and guests at the brewery will be added in 2016.
energy efficiency
- High efficiency lighting includes reflective light tubes located throughout our buildings that provide daylight harvesting which is supplemented by occupancy controls if needed.
- Outside air is used to cool the cold storage warehouse during colder months.
- A kettle stack condenser reclaims 10.6 million BTUs a day.
- A heat exchanger not only cools wort so yeast can thrive to ferment healthy beer, it also pre-heats carbon filtered water that goes into subsequent batches, reclaiming 17 million BTUs a day.
- A 16-ton closed loop geothermal field provides heat for our corporate office building.
- An 85-ton geothermal field that is roughly the size of half a football field controls the temperature for our Comstock Brewery using glycol filled tubes to exchange heat eight feet underground. A 3-acre hop yard is now on top of this field.
- An ammonia based refrigeration system installed in 2014 will save over a million kilowatt-hours per year.
- Energy efficient LED lighting illuminates all exterior areas.
- Heat recycling: A new energy storage system stores 3.3 million BTUs.
- Large (Big Ass) fans reduce the need for air conditioning and heating at our brewery.
- A 400 hp process boiler with 84-percent overall efficiency conserves and recycles energy for steam production used in all process heating, mashing, boiling, keg cleaning and sterilization.
- All cardboard, paper, stretch wrap, green plastic banding, keg caps, wood, electronics, batteries, scrap metal, aluminum and amber glass from the production process are recycled.
- In 2015, Bell's recycled over 300 tons of materials.
- Our Comstock Brewery landfill diversion rate was at 91% in 2015.
- Sub-meters track water use in the brewhouse, cellar and on both the bottling and kegging lines, reducing water usage.
- A cellar C.I.P. (Clean-in-Place) system has reduced the amount of water to clean tanks by about 65 percent.
- A filler vacuum pump design reduced water that goes to drain from 15 to 2 gallons per minute, saving about 2.5 million gallons of water annually.
- The Bell's Bio-Energy Building processes more than 100,000 gallons of wastewater daily converting pollutants into renewable energy for use at the brewery. Came online in December, 2014. It received the Engineering Honorable Conceptor (sic) Award from the American Council of Engineering Companies Michigan in 2016.
- Energy is generated with a combined heat and power engine (CHP). By capturing heat from the process of generating electricity we achieve a greater than 80% efficiency.
- Most electricity generation is about 33% efficient. The system generates more renewable electricity and heat then the entire treatment process consumes.
- Excess electricity offsets the brewery's demand.
- Excess heat is used to heat the water used for cleaning in the brewery.


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We are Matt and Elise a very passionate Romanian ********* are romantic,we like to make your pleasant in our ******** are here to ******** u want to talk if u need a ********** like to dance to have fun and allways open to new challenge...
You 've reached the maximum length of this message (140 characters).
Great couple! She is stunning!
Thank you sweetheart....kiss you :)
thanks for sharing with rickyyou got me there
the pleasure was all mine..sweetheart..hope to see you again....kisses and hugs Elise and Matt
Elise and Matt are a very hot couple. They do pretty much anything you'd want to see. They both have great bods! Although I was looking at elise's much more ;) Thanks for a sexy show, you're the best
Thank you very much for the amazing moments..that you chose to spend it with us....we hope to see you soon...kisses Matt and Elise
we need to know exactly what you want dear..we want to please you..and have intense moments of pleasure together
had a very lovely experience.
Thank you sweety...we definetly had a wonderful time by your side...kisses Matt and Elise
You've reached the maximum length of this message (140 characters).


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Spring is in the air…la da de dah dum….
Posted by nmjunkoMar 4
Universal Mama is having a Garden Party Monday at 10 p.m. and it really inspired me! I'm excited about these new pieces I will be putting up later today:
I will also have a series of planters with attached saucers- just in time for spring planting!


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As a graduate of DePaul University, you have access to a variety of services to help you reach your career goals, develop your skills, and make connections.
Alumni are welcome to attend the Career Center's quarterly career development events and workshops. Alumni may also participate in our annual job & internship fairs, where employers are seeking candidates from all educational and work experience backgrounds.
Handshake is DePaul's hub for job and internship listings, career fair and event registration, mentor connections and more. Login with your Campus Connect username and password. If you do not remember your Campus Connect credentials, please contact the Technology Support Center at (312) 362-8765. Login questions? Email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Vincent (formerly Symplicity), the Law School's Career Services site, provides Law alumni links to various resources, including information on drafting résumés and cover letters; a list of the Chicago law firms with four or more attorneys; employer recruiting programs; directories on a wide variety of employers and resources; career guides; and a wealth of additional information.
Going Global contains resources for finding international employment at home and abroad. Featuring nearly 40 countries, users can consult insider tips and professional advice on such topics as employment trends, salary ranges, job search resources, networking groups, resume/CV writing guidelines and work permit/visa regulations. Current students and alumni can log in here using their Campus Connect credentials.
Connect with fellow members of the DePaul alumni community by using the DePaul Alumni Online Directory, or enhance your professional and social networks through the DePaul Alumni Association LinkedIn Group or Facebook Page. You may also interact with the Career Center on LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter.
Alumni also have access to DePaul Alumni Sharing Knowledge (ASK), a network of alumni who serve as networking contacts, practice interviewers, career mentors and more for those exploring career options or wanting to develop their own network. The ASK network can help open important doors for professional growth. There are over 1,000 ASK mentors available to current students and alumni. Visit ask.depaul.edu for more information.
Recent graduates maintain full access to career advising services for up to one year after graduation. As a recent graduate/new alumnus, you may make an appointment with the career advisor who serves your college population.
If you graduated more than one year ago, you may make an appointment for a strategy session with alumni advisor, Donna Del Giudice. Call (312) 362-8437 to schedule an appointment.


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San Marcos is a vibrant city located in North San Diego with a great location perfect for youth Futsal tournaments. San Marcos was a site selected because of it's central location for Riverside County, Orange County and San Diego County.
San Marcos Gymnasium is the perfect location for this 5 v 5 Futsal competition. The tournament will be played on high quality wood floors, just like the first Futsal games every played in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1930. The Gym has 3 large courts with excellent natural light, plenty of space for spectators.
Tournament is sponsored by Copa Cobana Beach Soccer & Street Smart Soccer.
First aid will be present at all matches in the unlikely event injury occurs.
Date : July 16th 2016
Ages : U8 - U14
Players: Max 8 players a team
Games: 3 games + final
Cost : $275 early bird before 6/3
$355 per team after 6/3


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Summary of Season 1 (2003) - 4 discs
Martin and Chris Kratt, those super-smart hosts of "Zoboomafoo," travel all over the world to find out exactly what it's like to "Be the Creature." The show provides an intimate perspective of truly amazing creatures. In Season 1, the adventurers capture the excitement of running with wild dogs, prowling with lions, swimming with manatees, clam-digging with grizzlies and floating in the Patagonian waters with hungry killer whales.


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The 13th CSI/IFPUG International Software Measurement & Analysis Conference
"Creating Value from Measurement" March 5-7, 2017 – Mumbai, India
- Sharing knowledge about what and how to measure software requirements for improving effort/cost estimates, using e.g. Function Points Analysis (FPA) and the new SNAP Points for sizing non-functional requirements (NFRs).
- Improve the value in your projects by a better project, product and service measurement.
Who should attend
- Software professionals, Project Managers, Business and Functional Analysts, Measurers, Software Process Improvement Professionals.
- Increase value in your projects by a better project, product and service measurement.
- Meet and network with hundreds of IT professionals, exchanging ideas and stimulating innovation for your projects.
Important dates
- Abstracts submission: Jan 15, 2016
- Notification of acceptance/rejection: Jan 23, 2017
- Full presentation/paper submission: Feb 10, 2017
- Final presentation/paper version: Feb 20, 2017
- Conference date: March 6, 2017
Call for presentations
- Over the last years, ICT organizations are going to move more and more the focus from software to services and non-functional issues. Function Point Analysis (FPA) still remains a central technique for estimating and sizing functional user requirements (FUR) for software solutions, but needs to be complemented by other metrics for their non-functional side, e.g. applying SNAP, the new IFPUG technique for sizing non-functional requirements (NFRs), based on ISO/IEC 25010:2011. But a project is wider than a 'product' and well-known best practices for Service Management as Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) or standards as ISO 20000 considers 'value' as the key. Value-based management deals with balancing short-term and long-term goals of stakeholders with different perspectives through informed decision making in order to stay competitive in the market.
- In both cases, the decision-making process is based on Measurement, choosing the right goals and drivers for better understanding the way an organization is working and can improve over time. A number of approaches such Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Practical Software Measurement (PSM), Goal-Question-Metric (GQM), or the ISO Measurement Information Model (MIM) developed to support software organizations in planning their measurement programs by linking measurements to the goals of stakeholders at different levels of the organization. The premise of such approaches is that a balanced measurement program can gain continual top management support only if its benefits are utilized at the strategic level as well as throughout the organization instead of looking only (or mostly) at the short-mid-term.
- Coming to India for the first time, this new edition of the ISMA Conference will provide a forum for practitioners and researchers to discuss most recent advances in planning and sustaining measurement programs from both practical and theoretical perspectives in the scope of software value creation and value-based management in software product and service development organizations. We invite professionals responsible for, involved in, or interested in software measurement to share innovative ideas, experiences, and concerns within this scope.
- The session topics include but are not limited to:
- Experiences with a joint application of FPA and SNAP techniques for sizing a project.
- Case studies with application of IFPUG SNAP both in development and maintenance projects.
- How to properly manage early NFRs at the Estimation stage.
- Requirements for measurement frameworks for better value-based management.
- Approaches for cost-effective and sustainable measurement programs.
- How project historical data (PHD) can help an organization to improve its own estimates.
- Empirical studies on the use of established approaches for planning measurement programs (GQM, GQ(I)M, PSM, ICT Balanced Scorecards, MIM, etc.)
- Measurement of different dimensions/perspectives of business and customer value.
- Alignment of business level goals and goals of other stakeholders through informed decisions.
- Use of measurement programs for assessing and improving value flow in organizations.
- Experiences of using process and product measurement in new application domains, e.g. smart systems, health care, gaming systems.
- An abstract (not longer than 2 pages) must be submitted to email@example.com, describing your proposal. Both presentations as papers (with a related presentation) will be accepted. Final presentations must not be longer than 25 slides, including no commercials (maximum a single slide presenting your own organization), while papers must be no longer than 10 pages. Conference language is English.
- Click here for downloading the abstract template.
Conference website (external)


text:
One Of The biggest Issues During Territorial Election Resurfaces
We hear from the minister and get reaction to the Yukon government's latest proposals on the Peel.....
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Categories: Past Episodes
Listen Live
CBC Radio One: WhitehorseFeatured Audio
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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.
Help us make it rightBe the first YellowBot user to add photos or videos of British Airways
British Airways is located at 1850 W Airfield Dr, Dallas, TX. This business specializes in Airlines.
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Batman: Vol 1 Road to No Mans Land
By: Chuck Dixon (author), Cully Hamner (artist)Paperback1 - 2 weeks availability
After suffering a cataclysmic earthquake, the US government has deemed Gotham City as uninhabitable and ordered all citizens to leave. It is now months later and those that have refused to vacate "No Man's Land" live amidst a citywide turf war in which the strongest prey on the weak. As gangs terrorize the ravaged populace, the Scarecrow uses a church relief project as a real life lab to test his experiments in fear. But with the return of the vigilante, Batman, and the appearance of an enigmatic new Batgirl, justice returns to Gotham.Create a review
About Author
Chuck Dixon's resume includes thousands of scripts for iconic characters like Batman, Superman, Green Lantern, Iron Man, the Punisher, The Simpsons, Spongebob Squarepants, GI Joe and many others. He is (along with artist Graham Nolan) the creator of the Batman villain Bane, the first permanent addition to the Dark Knight's rogues gallery in forty years. His graphic novel adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkein's The Hobbit is a perennial bestseller worldwide. His unprecedented 100 issue run on DC Comics Robin is considered to be a classic in the comics medium. Chuck's contributions to Marvel Comics' The Punisher are widely acknowledged as integral to that character's development.Product Details
- publication date: 20/10/2015
- Format: Paperback
- Number Of Pages: 288
- weight: 703
Delivery Information
- Saver Delivery: Yes
- 1st Class Delivery: Yes
- Courier Delivery: Yes
- Store Delivery: Yes


text:
I know a LOT of brides out there love Badgley Mishka for their wedding day shoe, & if you are on of them you should go to Rue La La now because they all the styles that brides want for $89, I love Rue La La but all the items sell out so fast. It's an invite only fashion site that sells designer items for a lot less. Get invite *here*
Saturday, May 8, 2010
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text:
We all are the same inside, fat, skinny, black, brown, white or purple. Lets start seeing people for their inside, not their outside. Ugly is ugly, regardless of facade!
Finally! Someone accepts purple people as human too!
I'm purple and I always get called an alien. Just because I come from another planet and have funny looking eyes doesn't make me an alien…
You just have watch out for the "purple people eater" or they will get you!


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[Indoor & Outdoor Lighting] - [Interior Lighting] - [Other Indoor Lighting] |
China Supplier CE Energy Saving Lamp CFL Bulb |
Quick Details
Packaging & Delivery
Specifications1. cfl bulb voltage: 110-130v; 220-240v2. bulb cfl power: 5-45W 3. cfl lumen: more than 175-2400lm 4. CE, RoHS, ISO9001 5.8000 hours China Supplier CE Energy Saving Lamp CFL Bulb Principles and Features of Energy Saving CFL Bulb Compact fluorescent lamps are a type of light bulb which uses fluorescence as its primary means of creating visible light. A CFL bulb consists of a glass tube which is coated with a fluorescent material on the inside. Fluorescent materials are able to absorb certain frequencies of light and then glow, emitting new light at a greater wavelength than they absorbed. CFL bulb tubes are filled with a mixture of gases containing trace amounts of mercury which becomes excited and emits ultraviolet light when an electrical current is sent through it. The ultraviolet light is absorbed by the fluorescent coating on the inside of the glass tube, and is converted into visible light which has a longer wavelength than ultraviolet light. Main Specification of CFL Bulb 1. Voltage: AC110/120/130V; AC220/230/240V 2. Color Temperature: 2700/4000/6400K 3. Working Frequency: 50-60HZ 4. Color Rendering Index: ≥80Ra 5. Power Factor: ≥0.5 6.Lifetime: ≥8000hours The Structure of Energy Saving CFL Bulbs
Main Datas of Energy Saving CFL Bulbs
If you want to know any other lamps specifications, just feel free to tell me. Thank you. Advantages of Energy Saving CFL Bulb
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Well it sounds like you're having fun and at least learning from the experience. I hole heartedly agree with Ray on this. You are going in the right direction so keep at it.
Lots of little tricks to make things easier are found in these forum threads so use the "search" liberally, just use good sense and discernment in what you "take home" with you. On the scales and the epoxy issue: plug your tubes with some paper towel scraps and you will only have a thin scab to remove later. If you have finished the leading edge of your scales before attaching (which is good practice) do a complete "dry-fit", while scales are in place use a small stiff art brush to apply paste wax to thefront face of the scales and the blade where they butt together. Allow to dry then remove pins/scales and complete your glue up. Check glue as it sets and once it reaches rubbery to almost completely hard flake away the residual epoxy with a sharpened piece of wood. This will give you a very clean and precise joint without any scratches on the blade. Simple to do with just a little practice. __________________ Carl Rechsteiner, Bladesmith Georgia Custom Knifemakers Guild, Charter Member Knifemakers Guild, voting member Registered Master Artist - GA Council for the Arts C Rex Custom Knives Blade Show Table 5-J |
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24 جمادى الأولى 1429
Foster + Partners has been awarded two prestigious RIBA Awards for the Thomas Deacon Academy in Peterborough and Wembley Stadium in London. Both will find out whether they have won RIBA National Awards when they are announced in June.
Wembley Stadium was selected from 131 London entries and presented with a RIBA award in the Arts and Leisure category at todays ceremony in the Young Vic Theatre. The judges praised it as both an outstanding practical achievement and an enormously successful London landmark.'
Thomas Deacon Academy was described by the judges as a pleasure to be in and a beacon for secondary school design. Winning a RIBA award for the East region, the building opened to students in September and is the largest of Foster + Partners academy projects.
Mouzhan Majidi, Chief Executive of Foster + Partners said:
We are thrilled to receive RIBA Awards this year for two very different projects in the UK. Wembley Stadium symbolises all that is great about football and occupies an essential place in British sporting history, while providing world-class facilities on a unique scale. Thomas Deacon Academy is an expression of the school's teaching ethos and a result of an enriching collaboration with the Academy's sponsors, teachers, children and the local education authority. These are both buildings which we hope will provide a memorable experience for the people who use them.
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لمزيد من المعلومات يرجى الاتصال بـ:
كاتي هاريس
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Related Press Releases
Groundbreaking at Foster and Partners' Thomas Deacon Academy, Peterborough / 11.09.1426
Demolition begins at Wembley Stadium / 24.07.1423
Wembley National Stadium - The Dawning of a New Era / 06.12.1423
Wembley arch reaches final position / 06.05.1425
Wembley Time Capsule ceremony / 03.11.1426
Wembley Stadium Arch to be lit up for Diwali / 27.09.1427
Wembley National Stadium receives practical completion / 19.02.1428
Wembley Stadium opens in London / 04.05.1428
Related Projects
أكاديمية توماس ديكون
ملعب ويمبلي


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Jennie Bee (°1974, London, United Kingdom) makes sculptures, photos and installations. By creating situations and breaking the passivity of the spectator, Bee wants the viewer to become part of the art as a kind of added component. Art is entertainment: to be able to touch the work, as well as to interact with the work is important.
Her sculptures are based on inspiring situations: visions that reflect a sensation of indisputability and serene contemplation, combined with subtle details of odd or eccentric, humoristic elements. By emphasising aesthetics, she tries to approach a wide scale of subjects in a multi-layered way, likes to involve the viewer in a way that is sometimes physical and believes in the idea of function following form in a work.
Her works sometimes radiate a cold and latent violence. At times, disconcerting beauty emerges. The inherent visual seductiveness, along with the conciseness of the exhibitions, further complicates the reception of their manifold layers of meaning. With a conceptual approach, she seduces the viewer into a world of ongoing equilibrium and the interval that articulates the stream of daily events. Moments are depicted that only exist to punctuate the human drama in order to clarify our existence and to find poetic meaning in everyday life.
Her works directly respond to the surrounding environment and uses everyday experiences from the artist as a starting point. Often these are framed instances that would go unnoticed in their original context. Jennie Bee currently lives and works in Perth.
'drop Your Pants And Do A Dance' Buttbur Henry
Bidari Basavaraj Shrishail Bidari
Bonton Bonton Bontongone Nelly
Brittish(jesreal Confidence Shedrack) Jesreal
Dark'ness Dementia Raven Tara Way Ebony
De Torres Y Sandoval Ramón Argila
González Rojas Adriana Marcela
Himmelsbach De Vries Domenique
International Resource Center For Art Cairo
Junior Dope Lord Illuminati Lives
Manuj Protim Saikia Manuj Protim Saikia
Patil (inspirational Speaker) Rakxit
Rodríguez Briseño Gustavo Daniel
Tristan Balls-headley Tristan Balls-headley
Türkiye Lgbtİ Birliği Lezbiyen, Gey, Biseksüel, Trans, İnterseks, Eşcinsel
Vanto Dumisani Vanto Dumfiasco
Vishva Naedurana Pathirannehelage
His Works Are Saturated With Obviousness, Mental Inertia, Clichés And Bad Jokes. They Question The Coerciveness That Is Derived From The More Profound Meaning And The Superficial Aesthetic Appearance Of An Image. By Parodying Mass Media By Exaggerating Certain Formal Aspects Inherent To Our Contemporary Society, He Tries To Create Works In Which The Actual Event Still Has To Take Place Or Just Has Ended: Moments Evocative Of Atmosphere And Suspense That Are Not Part Of A Narrative Thread. The Drama Unfolds Elsewhere While The Build-up Of Tension Is Frozen To Become The Memory Of An Event That Will Never Take Place.
His Works Are Given Improper Functions: Significations Are Inversed And Form And Content Merge. Shapes Are Dissociated From Their Original Meaning, By Which The System In Which They Normally Function Is Exposed. Initially Unambiguous Meanings Are Shattered And Disseminate Endlessly. Goobs Wooster Currently Lives And Works In Solvang.
## %# Rosado Mike


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Trialling a new road layout in Keynsham High Street
Keynsham High Street suffers from high levels of traffic, which combined with sections of narrow and overcrowded pavements spoil the experience for shoppers and visitors. People taking part in consultations for the Keynsham
Town Plan, Keynsham Transport Strategy and B&NES Placemaking Plan wished to see improvements to the public realm in the town centre, to make it a more attractive place to shop.
The High Street is an Air Quality Management Area due to levels of air pollution being above recommended levels. In addition, the Conservation Area is classified by Historic England as being "at risk" due to the condition and design of a number of buildings particularly around the High Street.
Bath & North East Somerset Council are undertaking an experimental trial to find out if making the High Street one way reduces the impact of traffic, improves air quality and would allow future improvements to the pedestrian environment. If successful, more substantial changes identified through public consultation would follow the trial.
The key features
Under the trial, changes to the existing road layout will be kept to a minimum to allow the High Street to be put back if a decision regarding the long-term future is not made at the end of the trial period. The one-way system will work southbound on the High Street (ie towards Bath Hill). A new bus stop will be added southbound while a cycle contraflow will be created northbound. At the Bath Hill end of the High Street, all traffic except buses will need to turn left. The current roundabout at the top of Bath Hill will be removed, allowing vehicles to pass between Bath Hill and Rock Road/Temple Street unopposed, with vehicles exiting the High Street having to give way.
As current bus services run northbound along the High Street, services will need to be re-routed with the current bus stop outside of the post office moving to a new location on Ashton Way. A lay-by will be created by Ashton Way car park to enable buses to pull in when stopping.
(click on image to open in a larger window)
UPDATE: To accomodate space for the new bus lay-by on Ashton Way, some changes will be needed within the car park. Construction is taking place in Ashton Way from Monday 27 February for up to eight weeks. During the construction work, a number of parking spaces will be unavailable, however we will try to maintain disabled bays where possible. The temporary changes during the works are shown on the plans for phase one and phase two.
Measuring the success of the trial
The one-way system will start in May 2017 for a 12 month period to allow drivers to become accustomed to the change. During this time, detailed monitoring will allow before and after comparisons to be made of the potential benefits and issues associated with highway network performance, air quality, parking and pedestrian footfall.
The Council will also seek feedback during the trial from stakeholders, residents and visitors to Keynsham on their experiences with the new system.
The long-term vision
The overarching aim is to deliver a High Street for Keynsham that is lively, safe, sustainable and healthy, and which enhances the Conservation Area. The data collected from the monitoring process during the trial will be combined with feedback from residents, Town and Ward Councillors and the ongoing work of the Neighbourhood Development Plan groups to develop the design for a permanent scheme. During the trial, we will provide more information on this page about how people can take part in this process.
For more information, please see the FAQ leaflet in the documents section.
Other links:
View the Keynsham Town Plan
View the Keynsham Transport Strategy
View the Placemaking Plan


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The goal is to get the books back in balance a year earlier than previously planned, by fiscal 2014-15 thus allowing the Conservatives to go into an election in the fall of 2015 with a balanced budget as the centrepiece of their campaign.
Until now the government has maintained it would cut between 5% and 10% across federal departments, with a goal of reducing spending by $4-billion out of a total operations budget of about $80-billion.
The CBC, which has an annual budget of $1.1-billion, faces a cut of at least $110-million and possibly more. Some Conservatives are pushing for even deeper cuts to the national broadcaster, based on the argument that, though the radio news service is clearly a must-have in the Far North and more generally in rural areas, CBC television is not as essential. On the immediate chopping block is a $60-million programming top-up that the broadcaster has received annually since 2001.
2012 Federal budget: CBC faces 10% cut as Tories double down on fiscal austerity | Full Comment | National Post


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Doctors and nurses are in such a profession where they need to wash their hands constantly, which naturally make the skin of their hands very dry. People in the health care industry often suffer from this same problem. But these are the perils of being in this profession and one cannot escape from it and have to deal with the situation.
We all know that if the hands are washed very frequently then the skin will become dry. When a person uses soap for the purpose of washing hands then ingredients which helps to form lather in the soap, soaks up all the moisture of the skin.
If you have been using alcohol for washing hands, even then the dry skin condition will not be improved. Alcohol when compared with soaps, the former tends to be more harmful for the skin as alcohol sucks more moisture from the skin than soaps.
When hands are washed frequently in a day then the skin does not get the scope to retain the adequate moisture levels and it gets difficult to repair the natural layer of oils (present in the skin) which are damaged in the process of washing hands many times a day.
Why hands tend to be dry for longer period of time
The natural layer of oil is known as the sebum that aids in giving the skin a lot of moisture. But our hands do not contain oil glands through which oil can be produced and the moisture cannot be retained. And this is reason behind the skin of the hands remain dry for a longer period of time as they take substantial amount of time for the skin to regain the moisture levels.
Irritation can persist when the natural layer of oil is eroded away due to frequent hand washing with soaps and scrubber. Due to this scratches can be formed on the external coat of the skin and the process of healing also becomes time consuming because of the dryness of the skin. This type of problems has been bothering people for a long time and it is time to seek for the right solutions.
The first solution which crosses our mind is to stop washing our hands frequently. But on a serious note, it cannot be a viable solution. If lotions are permitted in your place of work, then using them immediately after washing the hands would definitely be good for your skin. A lotion containing aloe would provide a soothing effect to your skin. Mostly people pay attention to aloe based products when they have a burn or something similar but aloe has amazing qualities which can help in solving many of the skin problems. If lotions are not permitted during the time of work then, you can carry the lotion along with you so that you can use it the moment you are free from your professional duties. The healing process for your dry skin will start instantly and provide relief to the irritating dry skin. And if it is the winter season then simply don a pair of gloves to beat the dry skin blues.


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Give us a call at (602) 795-1111 and talk to one of our expert computer repair technicians about our free in-shop computer diagnostics.
Seems nowadays everyone is looking for ways to get things done quicker. The same holds true for your computer. The faster you can open a program or document, the better. So here's my favorite tips for navigating Windows 10.
Since I do computer repair for a living, I've had to find ways to navigate around the different versions of Windows. With Windows 10, Microsoft keep some of the cooler features while adding some new ones. And they even brought back one feature from previous versions. Let's take a look at my favorite ways to get around inside of Windows 10.
This little pop-up menu is the fast way to find some of the core features inside of Windows 10. It first appeared in Windows 8 to supplement the loss of the Start Menu. It never got the publicity it deserved and only real geeks knew it existed. My customers are still amazed the first time I use it in front of them.
Lucky for us Microsoft decided to keep the Power Users menu in Windows 10. It is still the fastest way to get to features like the Control Panel, Programs and Features and Computer Management. Here's how to display the Power User menu in Windows 10.
There are two (2) ways of displaying the Power User menu in Windows 10: Mouse or Keyboard.
Right-click on the Windows logo on the Start Menu
Press the Windows Logo key + X
If you use the keyboard to bring up the Power User menu, you'll find that the programs / features listed have a single letter in their name underlined. These are also keyboard shortcuts to that particular program / feature. Here's a link to the complete list of the Power User menu keyboard shortcuts for Windows 10.
Power User menu keyboard shortcuts
Here's is another really useful feature that nobody really knows about, the Windows logo key. I have customers ask me all the time "What does that key with the Windows logo do?". Well, its primary use is to bring up the Start Menu, but it does more. Allot more.
The Windows logo key was introduced over twenty (20) years alongside of Windows 95 and the new Start Menu. There were only a handful of Windows logo key shortcuts at that time and you had to purchase a Windows 95 compatible keyboard to use them. Now you can't find a Windows compatible keyboard without it.
There are now close to forty (40) Windows logo key shortcuts in Windows 10. Once you try them out you'll wonder how you lived without for so long. Here's a link to the complete list of Windows logo key shortcuts.
Windows logo key shortcuts for Windows 10
This is one of those 'old school' features that I love to use. Did you know that you can open almost any shortcut with just your keyboard? By simply editing a shortcut, you open it with a combination of three (3) keys.
Now if you have used Windows for a while, you know what a shortcut is. And if not, no biggie. Here's how to create a shortcut in Windows 10.
Allot of people don't know that they can edit a shortcut and change the way it works, including adding a keyboard shortcut to it. The keyboard shortcut for your shortcut needs to be a combination of three (3) keys and the first two (2) keys have to be CTRL and ALT. The third key is your choice, but I try to use either the first letter of the program / file or a letter close to CTRL and ALT keys.
The shortcut key field inside of the properties of a shortcut
And last but not least is the Start Menu. After a brief disappearance in Windows 8, Microsoft decided to bring it back. It's now got a slightly different look and feel, but it still does what it is supposed to do: Navigate.
Twenty years ago in 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95 with a new way to navigate the GUI (Graphic User Interface) called the Start menu. To make it easy to use, they added a new key to the standard keyboard called the Windows logo key and added some useful shortcuts for it. Since then, Microsoft has integrated Windows logo key shortcuts into every version of Windows. Here's is complete list of Windows logo key shortcuts for Windows 10.
There are now almost forty different Windows logo key shortcuts inside of Windows 10 (all of them are listed below). For more keyboard shortcuts for Windows, see the links at the bottom of this article.
For more keyboard shortcuts for Windows, see the links below:
Windows logo key keyboard shortcuts General keyboard shortcuts Natural keyboard shortcuts Dialog box keyboard shortcuts Accessibility keyboard shortcuts Windows explorer keyboard shortcuts
Repairing computers for a living requires working on different versions of Windows. Windows 8 must have the most changes out of all the Windows releases I've seen in the last decade or so. It seems like what worked in previous versions of Windows doesn't work in Windows 8. So here are six ways to make Windows 8 easier to use.
Microsoft made shutting down and restarting Windows 8 kind of hard. You have to go to the Start screen and log-off before you can get to these options. Just seemed like too many steps for me, so I just created my own shortcuts and toolbar for shutting down, restarting and logging off.
How to create log-off, restart and shutdown shortcuts on the Start screen in Windows 8.
Windows 7 style Start menu in Windows 8 using Start8
If you're a die-hard Windows user and find the Start screen just doesn't work for you, there is hope. There numerous third party shell menus out there like Start8, Classic Shell and Pokki's Windows 8 Start Menu. Get one and Windows 8 will feel just like Windows 7.
The desktop and laptop versions of the Windows 8 Power User command menu
This is one of the Windows logo key shortcuts for Windows 8 (see below) but I think it deserves to be listed separately. It contains links to some of the most used programs inside of Windows. From the Control Panel, Computer Management and an Admin Command Prompt, if it's a commonly used Windows program, you'll probably find it here. Add it works on both the Desktop and Start screen.
Most people find it hard to find programs on the Start screen (Windows RT). But there is one cool feature that actually will help you search for programs. If you go to the Start screen and just type the first couple of letters of the name of the program you're looking for, Windows RT will bring up the Search charm with Apps pre-selected. Remember that there is no box or form field associated with this feature, you just type.
The Windows logo key has been around since Windows 95 and with every new version of Windows, Microsoft just adds more key combinations .There are now forty (40) different Windows logo key shortcuts in Windows 8.
Windows logo key shortcuts for Windows 8.
Windows 8 restart option screen
It used to be when you had a problem with Windows, you could press F8 at startup and get to the boot options. This was the primary way to start Windows in Safe Mode or boot to other media. But with newer computers using Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and Windows 8 booting faster, pressing F8 at boot is really hard, if not impossible. But there are a couple of ways to get there once Windows 8 is started. Note: If you want to boot from removable media, make sure that the media you want to boot to is attached (USB) or inserted (CD/DVD) before proceeding.
If you are logged off:
If you are logged on:
And if you would like enable the Advanced Boot Options menu, you can do that too. Just remember that there is no timer on the Advanced Boot menu anymore. If enabled, Windows 8 will wait for user input every time the system starts. How to enable the Advanced Boot Options menu at start up in Windows 8.
In 1995, Microsoft introduced Windows 95 with a new feature called the Start menu. To make easy to use, they added a key to the standard keyboard and called it the Windows logo key. Microsoft even added a hand full of keyboard shortcuts to go along with it. The Windows logo key is now standard on Windows based computers and Windows 8 takes full advantage of it.
The Windows logo key from a Microsoft keyboard
There are now over forty different Windows logo key shortcuts inside of Windows 8 (all of them are listed below). For more keyboard shortcuts for Windows, see the links at the bottom of this article.
Windows logo key keyboard shortcuts (based on Windows 7)
Here at Geeks in Phoenix, we take pride in providing excellent customer service. From computer repair, virus removal and data recovery, we aim to give the highest quality of service.
Our in-shop computer repair service is based on the time we work on your computer, not the time it takes your computer to work!
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Geeks in Phoenix have the best computer repair technicians providing computer repair and service in Phoenix, Scottsdale and Tempe Arizona. We offer In-Shop, On-Site and Remote (with stable Internet connection) computer repair service.
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©2007 Joan Hess; (P)2008 BBC Audiobooks America
"It was OK"
The book was pretty good. I expected it to be funnier, like Joan Hess' Arly Hanks series, but it was alright. It did get a little confusing when, about 6:45 into Chapter 11, Claire was magically transported from her couch with Peter to her office with Edward. Is that actually in the book, or did the narrator skip a page or 2?
"Aggressive narration and unlikeable heroine"
I wouldn't. While the story is interesting, the main character is not very likable (far too impressed with her own take-charge ways). But the real flaw hear is the narration. There isn't much shading in the narration. It is the same level of complaining aggressive the whole way through. This book would have been much better told in the third person with a lighter touch on the narration.
A less strident, negative tone. More levels... Everything is read as equally important... Even the mundane tasks of life.


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Greenies Treat-Pak for Dogs, Original
One Greenie dental chew wach day helps conrol plaque and tartar build up and can freshen your pets breath. Greenies are filled with a blend of high quality protiens that start to break down as soon as they enter the animals mouth. There are 5 distinct sizes and textures to match natural chewing motion for various pets.
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- Irresistibly Chewy
- Added vitamins and minerals
- The #1 vet-recommended dental chew, among veterinarians that recommend dental chews for at-home oral care
Specifications of Greenies Treat-Pak for Dogs, Original
Product Dimensions | 4 x 4 x 5 inches ; 6.1 ounces |
Item Weight | 6.4 ounces |
Item model number | 018GRN01-R6 |
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Sesame Street Season 47
Sesame Street's 47th season officially began Saturday January 7 on HBO. After you see the new episodes, post here and let us know your thoughts.
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Cascade HealthCare Products carries Pine Needle Essential Oil, Pinus Sylvestris, by Starwest Botanicals. With a bold and woody aroma, Pine Needle Essential Oil is most commonly used as a household deodorizer. It is also thought to be useful in the treatment of both respiratory and musculoskeletal discomforts.
While we at Cascade HealthCare Products have taken the time to research the many practical uses of our essential oils, we are merely sharing the informational trends of our findings and claim no expertise on the potential uses of any essential oil. Always seek the advice of your health care professional when using essential oils. *This oil contains properties which may be unsafe or otherwise inadvisable for use during pregnancy. Because all of our bodies are unique, we advise that pregnant moms-to-be consult their health care practitioner before using any new essential oils.
If you need help choosing the right products, our midwifery specialist, Cheryl Meyers, has over 30 years of experience working with mothers, midwives and health care professionals. You can email questions to firstname.lastname@example.com or call us at (800)443-9942.


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Lincoln Hills Development Corp. Early Head Start children and their families enjoyed a day of story times and reading recently. Pictured with his book is Seth Schwartz. Early Head Start participants meet weekly for home visits and twice monthly for play time, education, and family activities. For more information, contact Kelly Luker at 619-1842.
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