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HHS 307 Week 1 DQ 1 Current Health Care Setting
Current Health Care Setting. In 200 – 250 words, provide a comprehensive answer using your reading, knowledge and experience for this Discussion Question. Describe the barriers to effective patient-provider communications. What factors in the current state of health care in the United States may be contributing to ineffective communication and why? In your opinion, which barriers or factors have the greatest impact on communication and why? Support your assertions with scholarly sources. Respond to at least two of your classmates' posts.
HHS 307 Week 2 Active Listening Skills in the Health Care Environment
Active Listening Skills in the Health Care Environment. Complete the Week Two Learning Activity on Active Listening Skills.
Then, based on your reading of Chapter 5 and the results of your Active Listening Skills Activity, write a two-to three- page paper that explains the following information:
1. Define and describe Active Listening.
2. Describe how it is used in the therapeutic setting.
3. Provide examples of how you personally use active listening in your work situations.
4. Discuss the results of your personal active listening inventory, identifying you strengths and areas for improvement.
5. Discuss at least two or more personal communication changes you will make to improve your active listening skills.
HHS 307 Week 2 DQ 1 Trust
Trust. In 200 – 250 words, provide a comprehensive answer using your reading, knowledge and experience for this Discussion Question. Describe the key steps to establishing trust between healthcare professionals and patients/clients. Based on your own experiences, how would you rate 1 (Low) – 10 (high) the level of trust you have with your own provider? What actions did your provider take to establish trust with you – or not? Research and select an academic article on the topic of establishing trust between health and human service practitioners and clients/patients. Utilizing APA citation format, incorporate citations from your article in your discussion post to support your response to the following question: What one piece of advice would you give healthcare professionals that would improve the level of trust with their patients/clients? Respond to at least two


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Fashion Marketing, and CommunicationBA
Prepare yourself for the competitive demands of the global fashion marketplace as you become a 21st century thinker with an individual visual language.
Course overview
This course is aimed at support you in projecting fashion design talent, rather than being a designer. You will need to be ambitious, inspired by fashion and clothing, and motivated to be creative. The course is closely associated with our BA (Hons) Fashion Design course, where students design fashion concept lines and collaboration between the two courses may feature regularly.
Why Study Fashion Marketing, and Communication with us?
On the course you will engage with the communication of contemporary global fashion market issues, challenges, opportunities and needs, in creative collaborative ways. It could be project work leading to presentations, case studies, visual displays of branding and branding solutions and graphic communication.
You may be introduced to creative graphic communication software and to fundamental principles of graphic design and typographic layout to enable professional production of communication solutions.
You will study a range of fashion-related disciplines, providing theoretical and technical knowledge to develop appropriate and relevant communication solutions for fashion brands and markets.
Entry Requirements
Typical Entry | 112 UCAS points |
GCE A Level |
A minimum of 112 UCAS points from GCE A Levels or equivalent including one of the following subjects: Art & Design, Fine Art or Textiles. Typical offer BBC/BCC |
BTEC Extended Diploma (Art & Design): DMM BTEC Diploma (Art & Design): D*D* |
Irish/Scottish Highers |
BBBB including Art |
International Baccalaureate |
26 points, including 5 in HL Visual Arts |
Access |
Access to HE Diploma (Art & Design), to include 45 credits at level 3, |
OCR National Extended/Diploma: Distinction/Merit profile plus one of the GCE A level subjects listed above |
Extra Information |
Please note that we accept a maximum of 8 UCAS points for GCE AS Levels and that the Welsh Baccalaureate (core) and A Level General Studies will be recognised in our offer. We will also consider a combination of A Levels and BTECs/OCRs. Applicants will be required to attend a portfolio interview before an offer of a place can be made. |
If you have any questions, or are unsure if your qualifications meet these requirements, please contact us using the details below.
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01244 511000
Students from countries outside the UK are expected to have entry qualifications roughly equivalent to UK A Level for undergraduate study and British Bachelor's degree (or equivalent) for postgraduate study. To help you to interpret these equivalents, please click on your country of residence to see the corresponding entry qualifications, along with information about your local representatives, events, information and contacts.
We accept a wide range of qualifications and consider all applications individually on merit. We may also take into account appropriate work experience.
English Language Requirements
- IELTS Academic: Undergraduate: 6.0 (no less than 5.5 in any band)
- Postgraduate: 6.5 (no less than 5.5 in any band)
If you have any questions, or are unsure if your qualifications meet these requirements, please contact us using the details below.
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+44 1244 512465 / 512472 / 512335
This section aims to provide you with a course overview, as well as information on how you will be taught and assessed.
What will I learn?
In Year 1 (Level 4), you will develop an understanding of fundamental fashion branding, segmentation and promotion skills, developing promotional literature, trend analysis, styling and promotional design skills.
What will I learn?
In Year 2 (Level 5), the course will focus on developing professional skills in public relations, styling, fashion buying, and brand/label development. You may also learn about contemporary brand profile building techniques, and fashion brand narratives.
What will I learn?
Year 3 (Level 6) will be a collaborative year, working with students on the Fashion Design course, and possibly students of Design, Photography and Journalism to market and promote graduate fashion collections..
" This programme is an exciting opportunity for the Department of Art and Design here at the University of Chester to work with students in developing branding and communication strategies for the fashion industry. Students will gain greatly from the creative environment within the Department and from creatives in the contemporary British fashion industry."
How will I be taught?
The majority of learning will be activity-based within studio sessions with some theory-based seminars and lectures in appropriate settings.
Generally, you will explore projects cooperatively to mirror the ways in which the profession organises itself. This may involve you working in teams to presenting your work. Modules (units of learning) are timetabled to ensure you develop your skills, abilities and understanding of Fashion Marketing, and Communication.
Your contact hours will reduce over the years, reflecting the development of independent design skills. Contact hours are usually 16, 14 and 13 hours per week in Years 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
How will I be assessed?
Assessment will be universally via portfolio and project development leading to the creation of creative branding and communication solutions for the fashion industry. Group work and collaboration with fellow students in the Department of Art and Design feature strongly in this course. These activities normally incorporate tutor and peer feedback to support the 'work in process' phase leading to submission of work for assessment.
Work Based Learning
As part of your studies you may take our Work Based Learning module, where you will be fully supported in securing a work placement of at least 150 hours, which you may be able to use in trying out a future career. Alternatively, you may wish to undertake Experiential Overseas Learning, where you can take advantage of our long-established links with organisations worldwide. Most students have the opportunity to undertake either one of these options as an integral part of their undergraduate course.
Fees and Funding
The University's tuition fee for UK/EU students starting a full-time undergraduate degree in 2017 is £9,250 a year. For part-time study, the tuition fee is £1,540 per module.
The University may increase these fees at the start of each subsequent year of your course in line with inflation at that time, as measured by the Retail Price Index. These fee levels and increases are subject to any necessary government, and other regulatory, approvals.
September 2017 |
Annual Tuition Fee |
Full Fee Payment Award (per academic year) |
International Foundation Programmes |
£9,250 |
£250 |
Bachelor's degree including Foundation |
£9,250 |
£250 |
Undergraduate |
£11,800 |
£250 |
Postgraduate |
£11,850 |
£250 |
£12,850 |
£250 |
Research Degrees - MRes/MPhil/PhD (Lab Based) |
£15,973 |
Research Degrees - MRes/MPhil/PhD (Classroom Based) |
£12,400 |
Your course will involve additional costs not covered by your tuition fees. This may include books, printing, photocopying, educational stationery and related materials, specialist clothing, travel to placements, optional field trips and software. Compulsory field trips are covered by your tuition fees.
You will be supplied with a materials and equipment list. The cost of all items is approximately £160.
If you are living away from home during your time at University, you will need to cover costs such as accommodation, food, travel and bills.
Bursaries are a form of financial help in addition to student loans and grants that do not have to be paid back. The bursaries we are offering for 2017 entrants are listed below.
Application Process for University Bursaries
There is no application process (except for the part-time bursary); but do remember to give consent to share your household income with the University of Chester when you apply for student funding.
We will automatically review your eligibility and notify you if you are eligible; normally by letter to your home address.
If you are not sure whether you have consented to share your information with the University, you can contact the Consent to Share Helpline on 0845 603 4016 and agree to share your information over the telephone. Please note that your parents or sponsor will also have to contact the helpline.
Please email firstname.lastname@example.com if you have specific questions.
Chester Bursary
Available to new full-time undergraduate students (paying a tuition fee of over £6,000) who have a means tested household income of £25,000 or less.
Bursary: £1,500
Cash payment and 'in-kind' benefits of £500 per year of study.
Chester Bursary for Part-Time Students
Available to new part-time undergraduate students (paying a tuition fee of at least £7,000), enrolled for a minimum of 40 credits at the start of Level 4, and with a declared residual household income of £25,000 or less.
Bursary: up to £1,500
Cash payments made on a pro-rata basis depending on the number of credits studied each academic year.
Care Leavers Bursary
Available to new full-time Level 4 undergraduate home students under the age of 25, paying a tuition fee of over £6,000, who have evidence of their care leaver status.
Bursary: up to £7,000
Mixture of cash, 'in-kind' benefits and fee waiver.
Contact Martina Ferrari at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information about the Care Leavers Bursary.
Young Adult Carers Bursary
Working in partnership with Young Carers organisations locally, this bursary is available for eligible young carers.
Bursary Package totalling: £4,500
Contact Martina Ferrari at email@example.com for more information about the Young Adult Carers Bursary.
Kingsway Campus, Chester
Kingsway Campus is the home for the Faculty of Arts and Media and is the study base for students of Dance, Drama and Theatre Studies, Music, Performing Arts, Popular Music Performance, Animation, Fashion Design, Fashion Marketing and Communication, Fine Art, Graphic Design, Interior Design, Product Design, Photography, MA Design, MA Fine Art, MA Dance, MA Drama and MA Popular Music.
Kingsway Campus is a 20-minute walk from Parkgate Road Campus and offers 6,920 square metres of floor space, including a 200-seat lecture theatre, a reference library resource centre with discrete study / meeting rooms fitted with the latest viewing technologies, state-of-the-art IT labs, an outdoor courtyard performance space, and two catering outlets.
All the seminar and lecture rooms have iMacs, data projectors and interactive white boards.
The Performing Arts Department has some impressive facilities, including a number of large and smaller studios for public performance and rehearsal. These have extensive lighting rigs and projection facilities, and three have permanent fully sprung floors. There are state-of-the-art technology suites containing a range of software.
Three specialist technicians support work within the Department, and there is a significant amount of equipment that you can hire in order to help you with your studies.
Our library has an excellent stock, and includes a great deal of virtual resources including 'I Like Music: Desktop DJ' and Naxos Music Library (streaming music facilities which cover all types of music); Rock's Backpages; Grove Music Online; Digital Theatre Plus; JSTOR and Project MUSE (journal databases); and many ebooks and journals.
The Department presents many opportunities for students to be involved in performance. A number of guest academics, practitioners and performers visit throughout the year, providing lectures, workshops and performances. These have included: Mole Weatherell, Curious Cargo, ReFound Dance, David Croft, Company Chameleon, Dan Lowenstein, Rafael Braga Araujo, Louise Gibbs, Fred Baker, Ian Matthews (of Kasabian), Ludus Dance, Motionhouse Dance Theatre, Protein Dance, Hetain Patel, Mary Prestidge, and National Dance Company Wales.
Unique to Chester are the four graduate companies that are housed at Kingsway: 2engage, Perfoming Pathways, Minerva Arts and enCompass Collective. Through the work of these companies, students are exposed to high- quality professional work experience and mentoring opportunities.
If you're studying within the Department of Art and Design you will work in specialist studio space that reflects professional expectations. You will have access to all the contemporary and traditional tools you need to explore an array of creative material and digital practices, including: wood nd metal workshops, Laser cutting, advanced large scale 3D printing, sound and video editing suites; augmented and virtual reality systems, dark rooms; lighting studios; traditional and digital printmaking workshops; letterpress typography and book binding facilities, and specially equipped workshops for fashion and textile. All these resources are support by highly skilled technical staff who advise on appropriate use and function of equipment and processes. They also manage an extensive equipment loan provision where you can borrow a large range of cameras, lighting, audio recording and associated technology from us.
Our Careers and Employability Service
The University has an award winning Careers and Employability service which provides a variety of employability-enhancing experiences; through the curriculum; through employer contact and through tailored group sessions and individual information, advice and guidance.
Careers and Employability aims to deliver a service which is inclusive, impartial, welcoming, informed and tailored to your personal goals and aspirations, to enable you to develop as an individual and contribute to the business and community in which you will live and work.
We are here to help you plan your future and to enhance your employability. We provide access to part-time jobs and work shadowing. We offer practical one-to-one help with career planning including help with CVs, applications and mock interviews. We deliver group sessions on career planning within each taught programme. We have extensive information on graduate jobs and postgraduate study.
Students and graduates of the University of Chester can use our services free of charge for up to three years after graduating. Graduates of other UK universities within three years of graduation are also welcome to use our services during vacations. A charging policy applies to other clients - please contact us for more details.
Should you decide to further your journey in Higher Education, we offer a broad choice of professional, internationally recognised qualifications. This can be a popular option for students interested in developing their knowledge within a specialist area, or gaining the necessary qualification to further their career.
Here are just some of the areas our students have gone on to:
From its beginnings as a Roman fortress 2,000 years ago, Chester has managed to retain its unique character whilst offering everything that you would expect from a modern city today, as it becomes "a must-see European destination".
The City of Chester is a vibrant mix of cafes, shops and ancient walls, rows and architectural and archaeological features. The City is home to all-year-round arts festivals, events, exhibitions and street entertainment, including the famous Chester Races, the Rowing Regatta and the internationally acclaimed Chester Zoo.
Open Days 2017
Visit us at an undergraduate Open Day and find out what it's really like to study at the University of Chester.
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01244 511000


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Police are looking for two men who robbed a man at gunpoint Monday night in front of Blockbuster Video, 2750 E. State Road 40.
The victim said the robbers were young men with slim builds. The robber carrying the gun wore a white bandana. Authorities suspect they may be the same robbers to took a Sony CD player from a man during a Sunday night robbery in the 300 block of Northeast 28th Avenue.
Anyone with any information about this case can call the Ocala Police Department at 369-7000, Crime Line at 369-7061, Crime Stoppers at 368-STOP, or visit www.ocalacrimestoppers.com.
Robbery in front of Blockbuster on SR 40
Aug 18, 2009 at 12:54 PM


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Stay Connected
Small Details, Big Impact
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Utility Adjustments: When repaving or replacing deteriorated asphalt, we will modify existing utility markers (manholes, water valves, etc.) incorporated within a roadway or parking lot to be flush with the finished surface to avoid being hazardous to vehicles or pedestrians visiting your site. | |
Speed Bumps/Humps/Tables: These provide the traffic calming solutions needed to improve the safety of residential roadways and parking lots. Whether you're looking to install these physical measures, or repair your existing ones, we can assist you in bringing the proper traffic control to your property. | |
Reflectors: Raised reflective pavement markers improve a driver's ability to see during times of low visibility. From traffic direction indicators to fire hydrant location identifiers, we can install or replace the proper markers your property may require. | |
Signage: Proper traffic control is essential for safety in parking lots and roadways. We install suitable signage for your property needs, including ADA-compliant handicap signs, stop signs and fire lane/no-parking signs. | |
Sweeping: Cleaning the dust and debris from your asphalt and concrete pavement can help prevent early deterioration. From a standalone service to a necessary step in many of our maintenance solutions, we provide sweeping to help your surfaces look their best and last longer. It is also an important part of the dust control and storm water pollution prevention measures we provide during our new construction services. |
We have always been satisfied with the quality of the finished product that Ace Asphalt has provided our property over the past 20 years.


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John T. Stutts, MD, MPH University of Louisville Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology
LOUISVILLE.EDU The speaker has been a part of the speaker bureau for Abbott Nutrition in the past. D ISCLOSURE
LOUISVILLE.EDU Constipation: "A delay or difficulty in defecation, present for ≥ 2 weeks and sufficient to cause significant distress to the patient." 1 Encopresis: "The involuntary loss of formed, semi-formed, or liquid stool in the child's underwear, in the presence of functional constipation after the child has reached a developmental age of 4 years." 1 D EFINITION
LOUISVILLE.EDU As many as 3% of visits to the primary care physician. 1 As many as 25% of visits to the pediatric gastreoenterologist. 1 16 – 37% of otherwise healthy 4 to 11 year old children have constipation. 2-6 C ONSTIPATION : P REVALENCE
LOUISVILLE.EDU Constipation is the #1 cause of abdominal pain. If the chief complaint is abdominal pain …. think constipation until proven otherwise. I N Y OUR C LINIC …..
LOUISVILLE.EDU I N Y OUR C LINIC ….. A question not to ask: -Is your child constipated? A better question that will give you a clearer picture: -How many days does your child skip between bowel movements?
LOUISVILLE.EDU Functional Constipation -An umbrella term describing persistent, difficult, infrequent or seemingly incomplete defecation without evidence of a primary anatomic or biochemical cause. 7 -Accounts for greater than 95% of constipation-related symptoms in children and infants, except those during the neonatal period when organic causes are more likely. 7 F UNCTIONAL VS. O RGANIC
LOUISVILLE.EDU 3 critical time periods -Introduction of cereals/solids -Toilet training -Start of school F UNCTIONAL : E TIOLOGY
LOUISVILLE.EDU Infant Dyschezia -At least 10 minutes of straining and/or crying before successful passage of soft stool in an otherwise healthy infant < 6 mos of age. -The symptom is due to failure to relax the pelvic floor during the defecation effort and resolves spontaneously. 8 F UNCTIONAL
LOUISVILLE.EDU Fecal Incontinence -In children with constipation, there is no clear difference in the pathophysiology or psychology between children with and without fecal incontinence. 9 F UNCTIONAL
LOUISVILLE.EDU 2 phases to treatment -Phase 1: The Cleanout -Phase 2: Maintenance Phase 1 is arguably the most important! F UNCTIONAL : T REATMENT
LOUISVILLE.EDU Enemas -Phosphate Enemas Adult (≥ 3 yoa) Pediatric (< 3 yoa) -SMOG (Saline, Mineral Oil, Glycerin) -Milk and Molasses Magnesium Citrate -1 oz per year of age to a max of 10oz -once daily x 3-6 days -not for infants/toddlers Polyethylene glycol -"multiple doses" vs "the gallon" F UNCTIONAL : C LEANOUT O PTIONS
LOUISVILLE.EDU Osmotic -Polyethylene glycol (1 capful = 17 grams) 3 yoA½ capful Q day 6 yoA½ capful BID *10 yoA1 capful BID 13 yoA1 – 1 ½ capfuls BID 18 yoA1 – 2 capfuls BID F UNCTIONAL : M AINTENANCE O PTIONS
LOUISVILLE.EDU Osmotic -Milk of Magnesia ≤ 1 year1-2 tsp BID 2 – 6 years2 tsp BID 7-8 years1 T BID ≥ 9 years2 T BID -Lactulose 1 – 3 mL/kg/day F UNCTIONAL : M AINTENANCE O PTIONS
LOUISVILLE.EDU Lubricant -Mineral Oil Not recommended Lipoid pneumonia if aspirated Stimulant -Senna ≤ 2 yrs¼ - 1 tsp BID 2 – 4 yrs½ - 1 tsp BID 5 – 6 yrs1 tsp BID 7 – 9 yrs1 tablet BID ≥ 10 yrs2 tablets BID F UNCTIONAL : M AINTENANCE O PTIONS
LOUISVILLE.EDU Fiber is the KEY! Wean the laxative slowly!! H OW DO WE COME OFF THE L AXATIVE ? AGEDOSE 1 – 3 years15 grams/day 4 – 8 years20 grams/day 9 – 12 years25 grams/day ≥ 13 years30 grams/day
LOUISVILLE.EDU The question of Organic etiology… S O WHEN IS IT MORE THAN JUST CFC?
LOUISVILLE.EDU Organic causes are responsible for fewer than 5% of cases of constipation in children. O RGANIC C ONSTIPATION
LOUISVILLE.EDU Anatomic -Anal stenosis -Imperforate anus -Anteriorly displaced anus -Pelvic mass (sacral teratoma) Metabolic -Hypothyroidism -Hypercalcemia -Hypokalemia -Cystic Fibrosis -Diabetes Mellitus -Celiac disease -MEN type 2B O RGANIC C ONSTIPATION Neuropathic -Tethered cord Intestinal nerve/muscle disorder -Hirschsprung's disease -Visceral myopathies Abnormal abdominal musculature -Prune-belly -Down syndrome -Gastroschisis Connective tissue disorders -Scleroderma
LOUISVILLE.EDU Medications -Opiates -Antacids -Phenobarbital Miscellaneous -Cow's milk protein intolerance -Lead ingestion -Botulism 10,11 O RGANIC C ONSTIPATION
LOUISVILLE.EDU 0.3 – 7.5% of normal infants Think about this in the infant who has constipation in association with rhinitis, dermatitis or bronchospasm Options: -Dairy elimination for the breast feeding mother -Casein Hydrolysate formulas -Elemental amino acid-based formulas 12,13 C OW ' S M ILK P ROTEIN A LLERGY /I NTOLERANCE
LOUISVILLE.EDU More than 90% of normal infants, but only 10% of infants with Hirschsprung's disease, pass meconium within the first 24 hours of life. 14 H IRSCHSPRUNG ' S DISEASE
LOUISVILLE.EDU A motor disorder of the colon caused by failure of neural crest cells to migrate completely during colonic development. The result … the affected segment of the colon fails to relax causing a functional obstruction. 14 H IRSCHSPRUNG ' S DISEASE
LOUISVILLE.EDU Consider in the following circumstances: -Delayed passage of meconium (after 48 hours of life) -Abdominal distention -Vomiting -Onset of symptoms in the first week of life -A transition zone on contrast enema 14 H IRSCHSPRUNG ' S DISEASE The "classic triad" present in 82% of cases.
LOUISVILLE.EDU Rectal exam – The "Wine Goblet" Explosion… H IRSCHSPRUNG ' S DISEASE : D IAGNOSIS VS H.D. CFC
LOUISVILLE.EDU Unprepped contrast enema -If H.D. present, a transition zone will be seen ~ 70% of the time. Anorectal manometry -When the rectal balloon is inflated, reflex relaxation of the internal anal sphincter fails to occur. H IRSCHSPRUNG ' S DISEASE : D IAGNOSIS
LOUISVILLE.EDU Rectal suction or full-thickness biopsy ═ The definitive test -absence of ganglion cells -high acetylcholinesterase accumulation on staining H IRSCHSPRUNG ' S DISEASE : D IAGNOSIS
LOUISVILLE.EDU Constipation is common DIOS = Distal Ilial Obstruction Syndrome C YSTIC F IBROSIS
LOUISVILLE.EDU What is it exactly? Stretch-induced dysfunction of the caudal spinal cord and conus caused by attachment of the filum terminale to inelastic structures caudally. T ETHERED C ORD S YNDROME
LOUISVILLE.EDU Associated signs/symptoms -constipation -bladder dysfunction -weak lower extremity reflexes Diagnosis -MRI of the lumbosacral spine Treatment -Neurosurgical release T ETHERED C ORD S YNDROME
LOUISVILLE.EDU If since the neonatal period, there has been constipation (especially with delayed passage of meconium)…. do an unprepped contrast enema. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If a patient has recurrent UTIs, consider constipation as an etiology due to mechanical effects of the distended rectum pressing on the bladder. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If the patient has FTT, RAP and constipation (+/- anemia), consider celiac disease. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If there is spinal dysraphism or neurological impairment of the lower extremities and/or daytime wetting in association with constipation, obtain an MRI of the lumbosacral spine. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If there is impaired linear growth and depressed reflexes…. consider hypothyroidism. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If at risk of electrolyte disturbances (metabolic abnormalities or unable to tolerate adequate fluids)….. check a serum Calcium. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If at risk for lead toxicity…. test for it. O RGANIC P EARLS
LOUISVILLE.EDU If the H & P remains equivocal for etiology, don't be afraid to get a KUB …. but remember the readings can be inconsistently interpreted. So, don't be afraid to look at the film yourself. O RGANIC P EARLS
Thank you!
R EFERENCES 1.Baker SS, Liptak GS, Colletti RB, et.al. Constipation in infants and children: evaluation and treatment. J Ped Gastro Nutr 1999;29(5):612-626. 2.Issenman RM, Hewson S, Pirhonen D, et. al. Are chronic digestive complaints the result of abnormal dietary patterns? Am J Dis Child 1987;141(6):679-682. 3.Yong D, Beattie RM. Normal bowel habit and prevalence of constipation in primary school children. Amb Child Health 1998;4:277-282. 4.de Araújo Sant'Anna AM, Cal ҫ ado AC. Constipation in school-aged children at public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;29(2):190-193. 5.Zaslavsky C, Ávila EL, Araújo MA, et. al. Constipa ҫ ão intestinal da infância – um estudo de prevalência. Rev AMRIGS 1988;32:100-102. 6.Maffei HVL, Moreira FL, Oliveira WM, et. al. Constipa ҫ ão intestinal em escolare. J Pediatr 1997;73:340-344. 7. Thompson WG, Longstreth GF, Drossman DA, et. al. Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain. Gut 1999;45:1143. 8. Hyman PE, Milla PJ, Benninga MA, et. al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1519. 9. Benninga MA, Bϋller HA, Heymans HS, et. al. Is encopresis always the result of constipation? Arch Dis Child 1994;71:186. 10. DiLorenzo C. Pediatric anorectal disorders. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2001;30:269. 11. Thiessen PN. Recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatr Rev 2002;23:39. 12. Magazzu G, Scoglio R. Gastrointestinal manifestations of cow's milk allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:65. 13. Turunen, et al. Lymphoid hyperplasia and cow's milk hypersensitivity in children with chronic constipation. J Pediatr 2004;145:606. 14. Lewis NA, et. al. Diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease: increasing the odds of a positive rectal biopsy result. J Pediatr Surg 2003;38:412.
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Suzie Cahn is one of the featured garden designers on RTE's SuperGarden
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[Part 8 of 7] Making a Point…of Interest
How to make that boring (but beautiful) landscape scene into something to talk about. Hey guys! Brent here with part 8 of my 7 part Quick Tip series: Photographing Waterfalls and Streams. Yep, you read that right: part 8 of 7. This is a bonus tip for you! When you're...[Part 7 of 7] Waterfalls and Streams: Footwear
How to keep yourself on solid footing when shooting in streams and slippery conditions. Hey guys! Brent here with part 7 of my 7 part Quick Tip series: Photographing Waterfalls and Streams. Today's tip is another one about equipment. When out shooting in wet...[Part 6 of 7] Best photo accessory Money can buy
Discover the automotive accessory that doubles as a camera necessity when photographing waterfalls. Hey guys! Brent here with part 6 of my 7 part Quick Tip Series: Photographing Waterfalls and Streams. I'm once again in Dorrigo National Park shooting the Crystal...Make an Impact Using the Rule of Thirds
One simple rule of composition to take your photos from blah to great! Hi guys, Brent here. I recently had the opportunity to shoot some beautiful scenery near Ballina along the north coast of New South Wales, Australia. The area is simply gorgeous and the mist made a...Aussie Christmas
This is how we do Christmas down-under! Wishing everyone a happy festive season. Stay safe and enjoy! I want to learn to edit my imagelike a pro I want to learn to take stunning Portrait image I want to learn to take amazing Landscape...Brents Top Picks: Best Black Friday Photography Deals
These are the Top Photography Deals I have found online for Black Friday – In order of popularity Deal 1: Save 64% on these 3 Popular Landscape Courses 1. Ultimate Landscape Photography Course Learn How To Capture STUNNING LANDSCAPE PHOTOS From Award-Winning...PP45 – 7 Lessons Learned from My First Professional Wedding Shoot with Sarah Rodriguez
In this podcast I talk to Sarah from Israel, and we discuss her top 7 lessons she learned from shooting her very first wedding as a professional photographer.
Sarah shares with us how she met and then booked her first client, and then how she prepared for her first wedding shoot.
And then she gives us her top 7 lessons she learned from her first wedding photography gig:
Capturing SPOOKTACULAR Halloween Photos
Tips on how to capture Halloween images that showcase the costumes while telling the real story of all the fun you had Halloween is such a great time of year with laughter and BOO's, ooh's and ahhh's, shrieks and screams, and all the "tricks" and "treats" that this...[Part 5 of 7] Waterfalls & Streams: Being in Nature
What I love about landscape photography Have you guys ever wondered why I chose to go into landscape photography? The answer is simple: I love being in nature. In our increasingly busy lives, it is easy to become distracted with where you need to be tomorrow or what...The 5 Day Deal Review – Photography Bundle
You have helped raise $1 Million for charity! A BIG thankyou to everyone who has purchased the 5 day deal this year & last year. Together we have hit a very big milestone and raised $1 million dollars for charity. This is having a massive impact on these 4...[Part 4 of 7] Best Landscape Tripod Head
Why a Quick Grip Tripod Head Works Best for Landscape Photography Hey guys! Brent here with part four of my seven part Quick Tip series: Photographing Water and Streams. Today, I'm in Dorrigo National Park shooting the Crystal Shower Falls and I have a game changing...PP44 – Making a Living on the Road with Patricia Davidson
In this Photoprofit podcast, I talk to Patricia Davidson, a successful landscape photographer from Oregon, USA, about how she and her husband have been travelling for the past year and how she has earned income in her photography business while on the road.
She shares with us why she is doing it, the pros and cons of running a business while travelling, tips on saving money while on the road, and how and why she became a minimalist – letting go of "stuff" and how this liberated her life.
How to Make Your Black and White Photos Rock!
I want to make money from my photography I want to learn to take stunning Portrait image I want to learn to take amazing Landscape pictures In this tutorial, I run through an excellent guide to converting your images to black and white by Kent...PP43 – 3 Biggest Website Mistakes Photographers Make with Zach Prez
In this Photoprofit podcast, I talk to Zach Prez from photographyspark.com. Zach is an expert in search engine optimization for photographers and today, we discuss the top 3 mistakes most photographers are making on their websites. Listen now to find out if you're making any – or all – of these mistakes!
Spoiler alert! Do you have a headshot on your website? Zach explains why this is so important and on which pages you should include it.
We also discuss another big mistake that I have noticed recently that could be hurting your business.
We talk about the importance of having a blog type website and…
Zach gives a "gold nugget" on how to create great SEO for your website and how you can improve your Google rankings.
This podcast is a MUST for all photographers who have a website.
If you're making any of these three mistakes, were you aware they could be affecting your business?
Storytelling Through Photography – a Case Study
Using a single camera & lens to tell an artistic story of our weekend getaway. During our recent long weekend away to Camp Cobark, I set a goal of documenting the entire weekend using a single camera and one lens for all of my shots. Remember Bringing...PP42 – 21 Ways to Find the Right Clients with Sarah Petty
In this podcast I interview Sarah Petty from Springfield IL, and we talk about how to make your photography marketing work for you.
Sarah is a super-smart marketer and has been running her photography studio for 18 years now. She has written a very good book on marketing and branding for photographers and she teaches photographers how to attract clients, and how to get paid what you are worth.
Sarah talks about the biggest marketing mistake you can make in your business, how to avoid it. What makes you different from the other photographers, how to blow away the competition, how to build your database of people you have relationships with. Plus, Sarah shares a very good tip on how to get past customers back into your studio for another shoot.
I just love the strategy she mentions where you partner up with other businesses in your area and then do an educational workshop for your target customers. That is very smart.
Make sure you grab Sarah's "21 Ways to Find the right clients" eBook, I'm sure it will help you in your business.
[Part 3 of 7] When Clouds Have You Seeing Gray, Look on the Bright Side
Tips For Photographing Water in Cloudy Conditions Hey guys! Brent here with part 3 of my 7 part Quick Tip series: Photographing Water and Streams. Today, I am photographing a stream in the Promised Land near Bellingen, New South Wales, Australia. I call this area the...PP41 – Attracting Clients using Facebook Advertising with Andrew Hellmich
In this podcast I interview Andrew Hellmich who runs a successful portrait and wedding photography business on the central coast of NSW in Australia and he also has his own podcast called Photobiz exposed where he talks to other photography business owners, just like this podcast.
Andrew discovered this Facebook advertising strategy on one of his podcasts and we talk about how he is using it to get more weddings and portrait photography clients.
Andrew shares his secrets of how to put together an effective advert, how to target the right people and then how to convert them into paying clients.
This is a brilliant way to boost your photography business and I think all portrait and wedding photographers should be using this method to get more clients.


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By Peter Silva | Article Rating: |
March 1, 2017 11:00 AM EST | Reads: |
2,544 |
We are mobile, our devices are mobile, the networks we connect to are mobile and the applications we access are mobile. Mobility, in all its iterations, is a huge enabler and concern for enterprises and it'll only get worse as we start wearing our connected clothing to the office.
If the last 10 years wasn't warning enough, 2017 will be a huge year for mobile…again. Every year, it seems, new security opportunities, challenges and questions surround the mobile landscape. And now it encompasses more than just the device that causes phantom vibration syndrome, it now involves the dizzying array of sensors, devices and automatons in our households, offices and municipalities. Mobile has infiltrated our society and our bodies along with it.
So the security stakes are high.
The more we become one with our mobile devices, the more they become targets. It holds our most precious secrets which can be very valuable. We need to use care when operating such a device since, in many ways, our lives depend on it. And with the increased automation, digitization and data gathering, there are always security concerns.
So how do we stay safe?
The consumerization of IT technologies has made us all administrators of our personal infrastructure of connected devices. Our digital self has become a life of its own. As individuals we need to stay vigilant about clicking suspicious links, updating software, changing passwords, backing up data, watching financial accounts, having AV/FW and generally locking down devices like we do the doors to our home. Even then, the smartphone enabled deadbolt can be a risk. And we haven't even touched on mobile payment systems, IoT botnets or the untested, insecure apps on the mobile phone itself.
Cybersecurity is a social issue that impacts us all and we all need to be accountable.
For enterprises, mobile devices carry an increased risk, especially personal devices connecting to an internal network. From regulatory compliance to the disgruntled employee, keeping sensitive information secret is top concern. BYOD policies and MDM solutions help as does segmenting those devices away from critical info. And the issue isn't so much seeing restricted information, especially if your job requires it, it is more about unauthorized access if the device is compromised or lost. Many organizations have policies in place to combat this, including a total device wipe…which may also blast your personal keepsakes. The endpoint security market is maturing but won't fill the ever-present security gaps.
From your workforce to your customers, your mobile web applications are also a target. The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) reports a 250 percent jump in the number of detected phishing websites between October 2015 and March 2016. Around 230,000 unique phishing campaigns a month, many aimed at mobile devices arriving as worrisome text messages. Late 2016 saw mobile browsing overtake desktop for the first time and Google now favors mobile-friendly websites for its mobile search results. A double compatibility and SEO whammy.
And those two might not be the biggest risk to an organization since weakest link in the security ecosystem might be third-party vendors and suppliers.
On the industrial side, tractors, weather sensors, street lights, HVAC systems, your car and other critical infrastructure are now mobile devices with their own unique security implications. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) focuses on industrial control systems, device to network access and all the other connective sensor capabilities. These attacks are less frequent, at least today, but the consequences can be huge – taking out industrial plants, buildings, farms, and even entire cities.
The Digital Dress Code has emerged and with 5G on the way, mobile device security takes on a whole new meaning.
- Mobile Trends For 2017 And Beyond
- Perspectives on Securing Mobile and Social Business, 12 Months On
- RSAC17: More ransomware and IoT-enabled attacks on the way, warns expert
- Mobile Malware Milestone
- Mobile banking and how to stay secure
- What Does Mobile Mean, Anyway?
- BYOD – concentrate on the apps, not the devices
- 10 Security Trends To Watch For At RSA 2017
Read the original blog entry...
Published March 1, 2017 Reads 2,544
Copyright © 2017 SYS-CON Media, Inc. — All Rights Reserved.
Syndicated stories and blog feeds, all rights reserved by the author.
More Stories By Peter Silva
Peter is an F5 evangelist for security, IoT, mobile and core. His background in theatre brings the slightly theatrical and fairly technical together to cover training, writing, speaking, along with overall product evangelism for F5. He's also produced over 350 videos and recorded over 50 audio whitepapers. After working in Professional Theatre for 10 years, Peter decided to change careers. Starting out with a small VAR selling Netopia routers and the Instant Internet box, he soon became one of the first six Internet Specialists for AT&T managing customers on the original ATT WorldNet network.
Now having his Telco background he moved to Verio to focus on access, IP security along with web hosting. After losing a deal to Exodus Communications (now Savvis) for technical reasons, the customer still wanted Peter as their local SE contact so Exodus made him an offer he couldn't refuse. As only the third person hired in the Midwest, he helped Exodus grow from an executive suite to two enormous datacenters in the Chicago land area working with such customers as Ticketmaster, Rolling Stone, uBid, Orbitz, Best Buy and others.
Writer, speaker and Video Host, he's also been in such plays as The Glass Menagerie, All's Well That Ends Well, Cinderella and others.
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$ 1.25
Germ 4-10 days
This open pollinated melon produces oval fruit up to 7" long and weighing 3-3 1/2 pounds. The smooth dark green skin turns yellow, and the flesh is sweet and white. 15 seeds
Indoors- Individual biodegradable peat/cowpots 1/2" deep, 3-4 weeks before last frost with soil temperature 70 degrees. Transplant 36" apart after last frost without disturbing the roots.
Outdoors- 1/2" deep after last frost in warm soil at least 70 degrees.
Harvest- Look for the following signs as it does take some practice on telling when they are ready to harvest. The skin tone changes and netting becomes heavy, the ends soften, they will slip from the vines or a gentle tug will pull it away from the vine, a crack develops around the stem, the closet tendril to the stem dries, and the aroma increases when ripening.
Tips- Plant in fertile soil amended with compost or well rotted manure and keep well watered. They benefit from growing on black plastic and by using row covers for weed, insect control, and more rapid growth.
Collections: all, Melon, Vegetables
Type: Vegetables
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321 W 2nd St
Bloomington, IN 47403
3600 Lime St 117 Riverside, AL
11370 Anderson Street Loma Linda, CA
I used to go see Dr Ray when I was a pre-teen and teenager. He was always very nice to me. He has been practicing for quite a while and has a very busy office, but I never had to wait for too long. He would be a good choice for an all around family doctor.


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Version 1 HD Video | ||
Version 2 Vidtodo.com | ||
Version 3 Thevideo.me | ||
Version 4 Vidto.me | ||
Version 5 Streamin.to | ||
Version 6 Estream.to | ||
It's been a decade since the last MIB film was released. We kind of
missed the series even though Men In Black 2 wasn't really that good.
In this sequel, it's pretty small and unnecessary but it still has the
charms and bright imagination. Great Performances and Solid Visuals. It
also has the same tone of the original Men In Black films. It's a
wonderful action, adventure movie with non-stop enjoyment.
Thankfully, it does not follow the modern blockbuster roots and stay
loyal to its own. By the way, this is a comical action film. It may not
be a large one but what matters here is the fun characters. Will Smith
and Tommy Lee Jones still got it but who shines here is Josh Brolin. He
can perfectly imitate the facial expression and voice of Agent K and
it's a lot better when he's around.
The plot sounds like a generic time traveling story, but there are
imaginative and wonderful sequences in these. The humor is still
clever. There is still a heart. The action is not quite appealing but
the time jump scene was spectacular. A lot of people will be rooting
for the design of the villain, Boris the Animal. At first glance, you
might think it's creepy but you'll realize how awesome he actually
Blockbusters like this are now obsolete. Our usual modern blockbusters
are generic and bland cookie-cutters that are easy to be forgotten.
This actually stays to its own kind. It's comical, it has life, it
cares to the characters no matter how small and absurd the story is.
Yes, it's small, but there are so many merits that are worth seeing.
Either you're a fan of the series or not, you'll find it very
enjoyable. The Men in Black series is still imaginative and fun.


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Page (1) of 1 - 11/28/11 | email article | print page |
Winnipeg Contract Publishing Company Provides Enhanced Digital Communications
(November 28, 2011)Winnipeg, Manitoba (PRWEB) November 28, 2011
To the surprise of some the number of individuals reading magazines is on the rise, not only in print, but also digitally. While viewing digital magazines is nothing new, utilizing iPads or other tablets to do so is gaining popularity. In order to better respond to those individuals, Craig Kelman & Associates are offering a new state-of-the-art, highly interactive digital version of their publications.
Print media will always be important but digital media is increasingly going hand in hand, each complementing the other, said Cole Kelman, co-owner, and Vice President of Craig Kelman & Associates. Our newly enhanced digital publications give readers a level of interactivity that is second to none.
Along with a realistic feel that mimics their printed counterparts and a feature that allows the reader to share the content with their social networks, Kelmans new digital publications will include special mobile versions. If opened on an iPad, the publication will recognize the device and run a special version designed specifically for the iPad. An iPhone version and versions specific to other tablets are in the works.
If youre interested in Kelmans newly improved digital publications or are looking for a publishing design company, contact Cole at Craig Kelman & Associates.
Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/11/prweb8991789.htm.
Page: 1
Related Keywords:internet, consumer goods, consumer issue, consumer confidence, consumer issue, economy, business and finance, financial and business service, financial markets, commodity markets, business enterprises, business (general), economy, business and finance, financial and business service, business enterprises, business (general), government aid, government debt, public relation, government contract, government health care, public holiday, government, civil and public service, national government, government departments, public officials, public employees, non government organizations (NGO),


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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is an effective and useful technique for the metabolic analysis of tissues in vivo because it noninvasively identifies and quantifies tissue metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate, lactate, and choline.1 This technique is frequently used to assess the chemical composition of normal and pathologic brain tissue to investigate infarction, neoplasm, and mitochondrial disease.2 Similar application of 1H-MRS to ocular disease may prove beneficial for the noninvasive analysis of intraocular metabolism. Tissues of particular metabolic interest, such as the optic nerve and retina, are not amenable to direct study with 1H-MRS because of volume constraints and the high likelihood of contamination of the spectra by surrounding tissues. However, the relatively large size of the vitreous body should allow spectroscopic assessment of ocular metabolism. Lactate was the dominant metabolite detected in a study using 1H-MRS with a high-field (4.7-T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner to determine the vitreous metabolic spectrum in healthy rabbits.3 The goal of our study was to assess the feasibility of performing 1H-MRS on the human vitreous in vivo and to determine if lactate is the dominant spectral resonance.
Four healthy subjects and 1 with optic neuropathy (5 eyes) participated in the study with institutional review board approval. We used 1H-MRS(1.5-T Phillips NT clinical scanner; Phillips Medical System, Best, Holland) with a standard head coil to view the spectra of the vitreous. A set of high-resolution T1- and T2-weighted images from different orthogonal orientations were recorded to provide anatomical landmarks. To minimize spectrum contamination caused by partial volume effect from surrounding tissues, a single 10 × 10× 10-mm3 voxel was localized in the vitreous, using sagittal T1- and axial T2-weighted MR images (Figure 1). The spectra were acquired with single-voxel 1H-MRS using the point-resolved spectroscopy method with the following acquisition parameters: repetition time, 1500 milliseconds; echo time, 272 milliseconds; and sweep width, 1000 Hz. A 3-Hz line broadening was applied using a Guassian filter before Fourier transformation. After Fourier transformation, the spectra were phase corrected. No baseline correction was applied. The water line width was in the range of 12 to 15 Hz after the automatic first-order shimming (3-5 minutes). The average number of signals was typically 800. During acquisition, a foam pillow was placed around the head to minimize head movement, and the subject was instructed to look at a fixation target to minimize eye movement. Using the chemical shift selective suppression method, 90% water suppression was accomplished. No additional fat suppression was performed. The spectra were processed and analyzed using the scanner manufacturer's software. Lactate resonance was assigned by using the chemical shift of water as a reference and measuring the J-couple. Assignment of the lactate resonance was further confirmed by comparison with the spectrum of a phantom containing lactate solution.
Representative sagittal T1-weighted(A) and T2-weighted (B) magnetic resonance imaging scout images for localization of anatomic landmarks, showing the 10-mm3 volume of interest in the left eye's vitreous body (A, white box; B, black box).
Vitreous spectra collected in each of the 5 vitreous bodies using 1H-MRS yielded 1 dominant resonance in addition to a residual water signal (Figure 2). The chemical shift of this resonance was 1.38 ppm, which was determined using the resonance of water at 4.68 ppm as an internal reference. This resonance was a doublet with a J-coupling of 9 Hz compared with the theoretical J-coupling constant of 7 Hz for the methyl proton of lactate.4 The chemical shift and characteristic J-coupling supported the assignment of the resonance to lactate. The spectrum obtained from the patient with optic neuropathy did not vary from the spectra of healthy subjects.
Lactate was identified as the dominant resonance in the vitreous spectrum using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a chemical shift of 1.38 ppm and a J-coupling constant of 9 Hz.
Lactate is present in the human vitreous at a higher concentration than in other tissues, likely reflecting substantial normal retinal aerobic and anaerobic glucose metabolism.5,6 The proximity of the vitreous to the optic nerve and retina allows for diffusion of lactate into the vitreous. Elevated lactate concentration in the optic nerve and/or retina is generally reflected in the vitreous.
Vascular insults, such as central retinal artery or vein occlusion, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, ocular ischemic syndrome, or impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain found in mitochondrial diseases, may cause decreased oxygenation and elevated lactate production.7 The correlation of lactate production with the adequacy of perfusion and oxygenation of the retina and optic nerve suggests that it may be possible to use lactate as a molecular marker to evaluate retinal and optic nerve metabolism in ocular disease and monitor pathologic changes in the human vitreous. Elevated levels of brain lactate have been detected using 1H-MRS in patients with stroke, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers, or mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes.1,8
Our observation of lactate as the dominant resonance in the vitreous spectra in 5 human eyes in vivo suggests that characterization of the localized human vitreous spectrum in vivo is feasible using 1H-MRS. Similar detection of lactate in the human vitreous body was reported with the application of 1H-MRS in patients with glaucoma. Technical obstacles encountered in 1H-MRS application to the human vitreous include low sensitivity in detecting metabolites with a concentration lower than 10 mmol/L using a 1.5-T MRI scanner, and interference from the water signal (approximately 55 mmol/L), which requires efficient water suppression. Nevertheless, the in vitro vitreous lactate concentration of 7.8 mmol/L (calculated from a vitreous lactate concentration of 70 mg/d L using a conversion factor of 0.1110) suggests that it is possible to detect lactate in healthy eyes.6 Additionally, the application of a high-field 3-T MRI scanner should improve the sensitivity of 1H-MRS in studying the vitreous lactate because the signal intensity increases proportionally as the field strength increases.
Absolute quantification of the vitreous lactate concentration with 1H-MRS is necessary for maximum clinical applicability. Quantification should be possible through the use of an internal reference such as the unsuppressed water signal acquired from the same volume of interest as the metabolite to be quantified.1
Using 1H-MRS to determine the normal human vitreous spectra and lactate concentration is the initial step in applying this technology to human ocular disease. Application of 1H-MRS to the human vitreous in vivo may provide a noninvasive method of evaluating and following retinal and optic nerve metabolism in healthy eyes as well as those with ocular disease.
This study was supported in part by a departmental grant (Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center) from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York, NY, and by core grant P30-EY06360 (Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center) from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. Dr Newman is the recipient of a Lew R. Wasserman Merit Award from Research to Prevent Blindness.
Corresponding author and reprints: Nancy J. Newman, MD, Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, Emory Eye Center, 1365-B Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).
Rucker JC, Biousse V, Mao H, Sandbach J, Constantinidis I, Newman NJ. Detection of Lactate in the Human Vitreous Body Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(6):909-911. doi:10.1001/archopht.121.6.909
© 2017


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Publication number | US7382293 B1 |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 11/054,750 |
Publication date | Jun 3, 2008 |
Filing date | Feb 10, 2005 |
Priority date | Feb 10, 2005 |
Fee status | Paid |
Publication number | 054750, 11054750, US 7382293 B1, US 7382293B1, US-B1-7382293, US7382293 B1, US7382293B1 |
Inventors | David J. Wicker |
Original Assignee | Lattice Semiconductor Corporation |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (2), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
The present invention relates generally to data decompression, and more particularly to the decompression of both serial and parallel data.
Many types of electronic devices require that information be loaded from a source and stored in a memory. For example, programmable logic devices are configured to implement a desired logical function based upon configuration data provided by a programming tool. The configuration data may be stored internally for a non-volatile device or externally for a volatile device. Regardless of whether the configuration data is stored internally or externally, the increasing complexity of programmable logic devices requires larger and larger amounts of configuration data. This increased configuration data size produces delays in the configuration process and increases the costs.
During the configuration process, the configuration data is typically serially-shifted into the devices responsive to cycles of a clock signal. For example, it is common to have one bit of the configuration data shift in for each clock cycle. As seen in
To reduce the storage requirement for the configuration data, the configuration data may be compressed. In addition, the compression of the configuration data decreases the amount of time needed to configure the corresponding programmable logic devices. Because a programmable logic device is very sensitive to errors in the configuration data stream, any compression of the data must be lossless or perfect such that the decompressed configuration data is exactly the same as the configuration data before compression. Because of the requirement for perfect compression, only a portion of the configuration data can generally be compressed. Thus, the configuration data being shifted into the device will comprise both uncompressed and compressed data. This mixed nature of the configuration data complicates the configuration data flow described with respect to
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for improved decompression techniques for data streams.
One aspect of the invention relates to a data decompression circuit for a data stream including code words representing compressed data words, the data stream also including uncompressed data, comprising: a translation circuit adapted to identify the code words in the data stream and to translate the identified code words into corresponding decompressed data words; and a shift register operable to serially shift in uncompressed data from the data stream and to shift in parallel the decompressed data words from the translation circuit.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of decompressing a serial data stream including code words representing compressed data, the data stream also including uncompressed data, the method comprising: examining the data stream to identify code words therein; if a code word representing compressed data is identified, translating the code word into a decompressed data word; and shifting the decompressed data word in parallel into a shift register.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a data decompression circuit for a data stream including code words representing compressed data and uncompressed data, comprising: a translation circuit operable to receive the data stream and distinguish between code words representing compressed data and uncompressed data therein, the translation circuit further operable to translate code words representing compressed data into decompressed data words; a shift register operable to serially shift in uncompressed data from the data stream in response to a first signal from the translation circuit and to shift in parallel decompressed data words in response to a second signal from the translation circuit.
Use of the same reference symbols in different figures indicates similar or identical items.
An exemplary embodiment of a data decompression circuit 200 is illustrated in
It will be appreciated that translation circuit 204 may be constructed using many alternative embodiments. For example, translation circuit 204 may comprise a decode logic circuit 205 that identifies the code words corresponding to compressed data words and translates the identified code words into address signals 240 provided to a lookup table 250. Lookup table 250 includes a memory such as a ROM or a RAM that stores the decompressed data words. In response to receiving the address signals 240, lookup table 250 "looks up" the corresponding stored decompressed data word at the identified address. Alternatively, translation circuit 204 may comprise a state machine (not illustrated) constructed such that it algorithmically generates the decompressed data words from the corresponding code words. In this fashion, translation circuit 204 need not store the decompressed data words in a memory but could simply generate them in response to receiving the corresponding code words.
A shift register 220 also receives the serial data stream 201. However, because of the presence of code words in the serial data stream 201, the serial data stream 201 cannot simply be blindly shifted into shift register 220 as discussed with respect to
Because shift register 220 may receive both uncompressed data in a serial fashion as well as decompressed data words from lookup table 250 in parallel, shift register 220 should accommodate both types of data reception. Uncompressed data may be serially shifted in a bit at a time in a conventional fashion as discussed with respect to
An exemplary shift register cell 300 is illustrated in
To enable a conventional serial shifting of uncompressed data, multiplexer 310 a also receives a DIN signal 315 representing the serial data stream 201 of
When a decompressed data word is loaded in parallel into shift register cell 300, the previous data word stored in shift register cell 300 should be shifted in parallel to another shift register cell so that this previously-stored data word is not lost. Turning now to
To enable serial shifting of uncompressed data, the Q7 signal from register 305 h in shift register cell 300 a couples as signal DIN to multiplexer 310 a of shift register cell 300 b. Similarly, the Q7 signal from register 305 h in shift register cell 300 b couples as signal D1 to multiplexer 310 a of shift register cell 300 c, and so on. Regardless of whether serial or parallel shifting is enabled according to the state of skip signal 260, data is continually shifted through shift register 220 until it is full of fresh data. When shift register 220 is filled with fresh data, the entire data contents stored in shift register 220 may be transferred in parallel to memory 120 as discussed with respect to
Operation of system 200 may be explained with respect to the following data represented in hexadecimal format as: [0a][2c][45][2c][e3][c4][0a][0a] A compression scheme searches for repetitive patterns in the data and replaces them with code words. An exemplary compression scheme for the data stream just described is:
Code 01=0a
Code 10=2c
Code 11=45
Code 00=no compression.
Applying this compression to the data stream just described produces serial data stream 201 as:
01 10 11 10 00[e3] 00[c4] 01 01
with the leftmost 01 being the beginning of the above data stream.
Decode logic 205 responds to the presence of code word 01 by providing address signals 240 to LUT 250 such that the word [0a] is loaded in parallel into the first shift register cell 300 a. The analogous process occurs for the code word sequences 10, 11, and 10. However, when code word [00] is identified by decode logic 205, the eight bits representing [e3] in serial data stream 200 are serially shifted into shift register 220. The analogous process occurs for the processing of 00[c4]. Finally, the code words 01 are identified by decode logic 205 and the decompressed data words [0a] loaded in parallel into shift register cell 300 a. The resulting signal flow is:
Serial data stream 201:
Shift skip 260:
Shift enable 210:
Code [1]:
Code [0]:
It will be appreciated that the compression scheme just described uses two-bit code words merely for exemplary purposes. A more practical compression scheme would use more bits in the code words so that more data words could be compressed. For example, the use of 8-bit code words would allow the compression of 256 data words. Moreover, the code words may have varying lengths.
A flowchart for the logic implemented by decode logic 205 is illustrated in
Note the advantages of the data decompression scheme described herein. Code words are continually processed by decode logic 205. Should a processed code word indicate that the associated data is uncompressed, this uncompressed data may be serially shifted into shift register 220 a bit at a time responsive to clock 230. Should a processed code word indicate that the associated data is compressed, the corresponding decompressed data word is provided by LUT 250 to shift register 220 in parallel responsive to clock 230. Thus, as clock 230 cycles, either a bit of uncompressed data serially shifts into shift register 220 or a decompressed data word shifts in parallel into shift register 220. The incoming data rate in shift register 220 is thus kept synchronous with both the compressed and uncompressed data. The data rate change between uncompressed data and decompressed data words is accommodated very efficiently and simply.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely meant to be illustrative and not limiting. It will thus be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects. For example, the external data stream being decompressed need not be serial. Turning now to
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US5220325 * | Mar 28, 1991 | Jun 15, 1993 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Hierarchical variable length decoder for digital video data |
US5394031 * | Dec 8, 1993 | Feb 28, 1995 | At&T Corp. | Apparatus and method to improve programming speed of field programmable gate arrays |
US5563592 | Nov 22, 1993 | Oct 8, 1996 | Altera Corporation | Programmable logic device having a compressed configuration file and associated decompression |
US5745734 | Sep 29, 1995 | Apr 28, 1998 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for programming a gate array using a compressed configuration bit stream |
US5768372 | Mar 13, 1996 | Jun 16, 1998 | Altera Corporation | Method and apparatus for securing programming data of a programmable logic device |
US5872529 | Jul 16, 1997 | Feb 16, 1999 | Altera Corporation | Dynamic datastream compression/decompression |
US6028445 | Dec 30, 1997 | Feb 22, 2000 | Xilinx, Inc. | Decoder structure and method for FPGA configuration |
US6327634 | Aug 25, 1998 | Dec 4, 2001 | Xilinx, Inc. | System and method for compressing and decompressing configuration data for an FPGA |
US6493862 | Jul 25, 2000 | Dec 10, 2002 | Xilinx Inc. | Method for compressing an FPGA bitsream |
US6507943 | Sep 26, 2000 | Jan 14, 2003 | Xilinx, Inc. | Method of compressing a bitstream of an FPGA |
US6525678 | Oct 5, 2001 | Feb 25, 2003 | Altera Corporation | Configuring a programmable logic device |
US6563437 | Oct 2, 2000 | May 13, 2003 | Cypress Semiconductor Corporation | Method and apparatus for using programmable logic device (PLD) logic for decompression of configuration data |
US6714044 * | Mar 25, 2002 | Mar 30, 2004 | Altera Corporation | Hi-speed parallel configuration of programmable logic |
US6744388 | Jun 19, 2002 | Jun 1, 2004 | Xilinx, Inc. | Hardware-friendly general purpose data compression/decompression algorithm |
Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US7733122 * | Feb 11, 2009 | Jun 8, 2010 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Semiconductor device |
US20090206874 * | Feb 11, 2009 | Aug 20, 2009 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Semiconductor device |
U.S. Classification | 341/67, 326/38 |
International Classification | H03M7/03 |
Cooperative Classification | H03M7/30 |
European Classification | H03M7/30 |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Feb 28, 2005 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION, OREGON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WICKER, DAVID J.;REEL/FRAME:015801/0951 Effective date: 20050209 |
Sep 19, 2011 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 4 |
Mar 18, 2015 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: JEFFERIES FINANCE LLC, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LATTICE SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION;SIBEAM, INC.;SILICON IMAGE, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:035223/0001 Effective date: 20150310 |
Nov 19, 2015 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 8 |


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Friday, September 7, 2012
Feature and Follow Friday
Feature and Follow Friday is an
awesome blog-hop hosted by Parajunkee's
View and Alison Can Read
This week's features are Jamie @ Fantasy Book Chick and Savannah @ Books with Bite and this week's question is:
Last night I finished Behemoth (Leviathan #2) by Scott Weterfeld and loved it. I am also reading The Wedding Cake Girl by Anne Pfeffer for a blog tour and it is turning out to be really good too. On audio I started listening to The Calling by Kelley Armstrong.
What are you reading or recently finished reading?
Follow Friday,
Kelly Armstrong,
Scott Westerfeld
Hi! I'm Liza, the blogger behind Reading with ABC! I am originally from Puerto Rico, now living in Maryland, United States. I am married to my high school sweetheart and we have three wonderful kids. |
11 comments:
Weedding Cake Girl sounds interesting.
Lisa's World of Books, Follow FridayI just finished Leviathan a few days ago, and I'm excited to read the sequel. I wish I stuck to my guts and bought this when it when it first came out. I missed two years with this wonderful series. New follower.
Sydney @ Starry StormI like several books at the same time :D Happy reading and I'm an old follower!
Visit my FF.I think people who read more than one book at a time are a bit magical. :)
*new GFC follower*
Would love for you to check out my FF at Between the Bind. :)
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The PCIM-DAS16 Series are connector-compatible with the CIO-DAS16 Series boards to provide a solution for ISA to PCI migration. Features include analog input along with digital I/O and counter functions. Up to two analog outputs are available.
100% of new reviewers recommend this product
Very Easy to Purchase. Delivery was also very good. I would recommend to a friend.
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MC delivered the board to us well ahead of the quoted schedule, and really helped us out a lot in doing so. The sales support was excellent. Thank you!
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I have this board (PCIM-DAS1602/16) and I use it with Dasylab V11. For my program I need to create 5 analog output modules to control the same physical output (just turn on a light). The first problem I found was that I couldn't create more than 1 analog output module. I got this error message in a dialog box: "MCC-DAQ: Error Message --> DA 00 --> Possibly reason: You cannot create this module. --> File: Mod_DA.c, Line: 171". To pass over this probleme I tried to copy and paste the module I created and it worked. I could create 5 anolog output modules like that. But when I run my program I get another message error in a dialog box: "MCC-DAQ: Error Message --> Possibly reason: Background operation already in progress. --> File: _inc_MCC_HL_AI_Start_asynchronous.h, Line: 426" Do you have a solution for this problem? Can't I really create more than 1 analogue output module with this board?
You can only place one analog output module on your DASYLab worksheet per DAQ device. Instead, we suggest you write the data you want to output to the physical output (your lamp) to a global variable and have the global variable output the value to the DAQ device. You would use five Write Global Variable modules and assign them all to use the same global variable. Then use one Read Global Variable module connected to your analog output module.
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Thank you for your inquiry. Yes, today's modern A/D converters already have the sample and hold integrated into their circuitry.
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Download the best new comedy from Radio 4, every Friday. Features The News Quiz, The Now Show, Dead Ringers and The Museum of Curiosity.
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By Kelly Whiteside, USA TODAY
PHILADELPHIA Connecticut coach Jim Calhoun was back cracking jokes on Friday, feeling fine after being hospitalized overnight due to dehydration, he said. After a complete physical in which he received a "high rating," he will be back on the bench for the top-seeded Huskies game against No. 9 Texas A&M here Saturday.
He said with a laugh that no psychiatrist was present for the physical. After feeling "lousy" Thursday morning, Calhoun said team doctor Jeff Anderson suggested the Hall of Fame coach go to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania before the game for some tests. Calhoun said he expected to be in the hospital for an hour and then head to the Wachovia Center to watch the Texas A&M-BYU game. "Next thing I know, they put a bracelet on, I was admitted. I was the most shocked guy in the world." FOLLOWING FATHER?: A.J. Price hopes to match feat of Final Four run
Calhoun watched parts of the Huskies' 103-47 win over No. 16 Chattanooga from the hospital and then spoke to his players via speaker phone afterwards. Associate coach George Blaney, Calhoun's friend of 40 years, coached the team in his absence. "I want to say how proud I was of our kids, the way they just played, quite frankly, terrific basketball, kept their composure early," Calhoun said. Calhoun has had serious health issues in the past which is why there was considerable reason for concern. He missed all or part of 21 games since 1990 due to illness, including five games while on leave following surgery for prostate cancer in 2003. This was the third NCAA tournament game he missed. In 2004, he left a second-round game against DePaul early. He missed the 1999 first-round game against Texas-San Antonio. Both seasons, the Huskies won the national title. Calhoun, 66, has successfully battled prostate cancer and skin cancer in 2007 and then again last summer. "I had no doubt in my mind Coach would be back Saturday," said forward Jeff Adrien. "He's just fought through so many things in his life. A little sickness would not prevent him from coaching Saturday." Guard A.J. Price said Calhoun's resiliency carries over to the team. "It definitely does rub off on us. If you're not tough, you couldn't play under Coach Calhoun. It translates from practice to game time." Last night at the hospital, Calhoun watched tape from the Chattanooga game as well as some tape on Texas A&M and then "bribed" his way out of the hospital early Friday morning. "I started bargaining, using tickets, anything I possibly could, to get out of there as quick as I possibly could, T-shirts being sent to their children, their next of kin, anything I could think of to get out of there as early as I can," he said. "I was chomping at the bit after watching my team play so well, so proud of them. I probably slept two hours last night and feel regenerated this morning. My team helped make me feel an awful lot better. It's one of those kind of things." Calhoun said those games he missed in the past were due to stress and exhaustion, dehydration and gastric issues. So, this wasn't unusual, simply part of his make-up. When someone asked if he were a Type A personality, he said, "What's beyond that? That's a trick question, I know." Calhoun mentioned that he's coached in 1,142 games and been nervous before those games 1,142 times. "I've always probably been stressed in every single game," he said. In terms of managing that stress, he doesn't know of any tips he could follow. "Except maybe not coach basketball, not doing something competitive," he said. "But whatever it is, I'll find a reason to make it competitive. Reading a book, I'd see if I could do it the fastest of anybody who's ever read a book. Point being, that's kind of my nature."
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text: Immediate postnatal sucking in the rabbit: its influence on pup survival and growth.G Coureaud, B Schaal, P Coudert, P Rideaud, L Fortun-Lamothe, R Hudson +1 otherReproduction, nutrition, development2000This study was aimed at characterising the impact of immediate postnatal sucking on pup survival and development. The interactive effects of postnatal success with the day 0 weight of pups, the nest-access regimen (controlled or free) or parity of females was investigated. Pups (n = 900) were categorised according to their initial ingestion of colostrum. In… (More)


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Linen Pant
Enza Costa
- 100% French linen
- 18" in the knee narrows to 12" at the leg opening
- Elastic drawstring waist
- Side seam pockets
- Revolve Style No. ENZA-WP15
- Manufacturer Style No. 3L1568
- 29" Inseam
- 12" Rise
- Modeled in size 2.
- Model Measurements: Height 5'11", Waist 25", Bust 32, Hips 35"
- Size Guide
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Designer of Enza Costa, Rogue, is a Canadian born based in Los Angeles. The line consists of comfortable yet luxurious fabrics like silk, cashmere, and supima and definitely brings to the collection a sort of understated sheer elegance. A staple must-have in any wardrobe, her tees are featured on celebs like Kristen Bell and Jennifer Lopez.