text:
Publication number | US7676282 B2 |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 11/293,597 |
Publication date | Mar 9, 2010 |
Filing date | Dec 2, 2005 |
Priority date | Dec 2, 2005 |
Fee status | Lapsed |
Also published as | CN1975707A, US20070130099 |
Publication number | 11293597, 293597, US 7676282 B2, US 7676282B2, US-B2-7676282, US7676282 B2, US7676282B2 |
Inventors | Jonathan E Bosley |
Original Assignee | International Business Machines Corporation |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (12), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
The present invention relates generally to logging data from controlled mechanical hardware and, in particular, to compressing logged servo data in a loss-less manner.
In many servo controlled mechanical applications, such as controlling a magnetic tape storage drive or an accessor and gripper in an automated data storage library, it may be important to log data from servo control algorithms. Such logged data may then be used to determine if the algorithms are effective and efficient or require tuning. The logged data may also be used to debug problems which occur within a servo control system and/or in the associated hardware. Logged data may be used both during the development phase of a product and during the everyday operation of the product in the field.
It will be appreciated that logged data requires memory space. Typically, when the memory has become full, existing data is overwritten by new data on a first-in-first-out basis and is lost. The amount of memory available, therefore, places a limit on the amount of data which can be stored. Expanding the memory is theoretically possible and allows for more data to be available for later analysis, but this can be costly and may take memory away from some other aspect of the system. When logged data is stored in memory on a servo control card, one or more additional cards may be used for provide additional storage. However, it then becomes necessary to provide a communications link among the cards which may create a bandwidth issue.
In another method, servo data is logged less frequently, such as every four times through the servo loop instead of every time. Alternatively, some of the servo parameters are logged during each loop with the remaining parameters logged during one or more subsequent loops. A significant disadvantage of these methods is that the logged data is incomplete and can be considered to be forms of "lossy" compression.
Conventional compression methods may also be applied to logged servo data, such as with the popular ZIP algorithm. However, applying compression algorithms is a processor-intensive procedure and may absorb significant processing cycles which are needed for other uses. For example, some magnetic tape drives, such as LTO drives, include a dedicated data compression chip to compress incoming user data before it is written to the tape. A dedicated compression chip could be used to compress servo data before writing it to memory, but this adds cost.
Consequently, a need remains for the ability to log data from controlled mechanical hardware in a loss-less manner without requiring significant processor time.
In controlled mechanical hardware, such as servo-controlled hardware, data from the control algorithm is obtained and logged for possible later analysis. The present invention provides loss-less compression without increasing the size of the storage memory. Instead of continuously storing the complete (absolute) value of a monitored control parameter, an absolute value is stored in an absolute entry and one or more values of the parameter which are relative to each preceding value are stored in a sequence of associated relative entries. The space required to store a relative value is less than the space required to store an absolute value, as the relative value is the difference between the current absolute value and the previous absolute value. Updated absolute values and groups of associated relative values may also be recorded periodically or when a relative value is too large for the allotted space. The size of relative values may be variable and appropriate information data entries may be generated to indicate the size of associated relative entries. A relative value of a parameter may be obtained by reading a current value and subtracting from it the previous value of the parameter. When decoding the relative entries during later analysis, the absolute value of a particular parameter at a particular entry may be obtained by finding the most recently logged absolute value and then adding the values of all relative entries for that parameter between the absolute entry and the desired relative entry.
This invention is described in preferred embodiments in the following description with reference to the Figures, in which like numerals represent the same or similar elements. While this invention is described in terms of the best mode for achieving this invention's objectives, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Moreover, the present invention will be described as embodied in an automated magnetic tape library storage system for use in a data processing environment. However, one skilled in the art will recognize the invention equally applies to other mechanical control systems. Thus, the description herein of an automated magnetic tape storage system is by way of example and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Automated data storage libraries are known for providing cost effective storage and retrieval of large quantities of data. The data in automated data storage libraries is stored on data storage media that are, in turn, stored on storage cells, shelves or the like inside the library in a fashion that renders the media, and its resident data, accessible for physical retrieval. Such media is commonly termed "removable media". Data storage media may comprise any type of media on which data may be stored and which may serve as removable media, including but not limited to magnetic media (such as magnetic tape or disks), optical media (such as optical tape or disks), electronic media (such as PROM, EEPROM, flash PROM, Compactflash™, Smartmedia™, Memory Stick™, etc.), or other suitable media. Typically, the data stored in automated data storage libraries is resident on data storage media that is contained within a data storage cartridge, also referred to as a cartridge. An example of a data storage cartridge that is widely employed in automated data storage libraries for mass data storage is a magnetic tape cartridge.
In addition to data storage media, automated data storage libraries typically contain one or more data storage drives that store (write) data to and/or retrieve (read) data from the data storage media. Transport of cartridges between storage cells and storage drives is typically accomplished by one or more robot accessors. Such accessors have grippers for physically retrieving a selected cartridge from a storage cell within the library and transporting the cartridge to a storage drive by moving in the X and/or Y directions.
As described above, the storage frames 11 may be configured with different components depending upon the intended function. One configuration of storage frame 11 may comprise storage cells 16, data storage drive(s) 15, and other optional components to store and retrieve data from the data storage cartridges. The first accessor 18 comprises a gripper assembly 20 for gripping one or more data storage media and may include a bar code scanner 22 or other reading system, such as a cartridge memory reader or similar system, mounted on the gripper 20, to "read" identifying information about the data storage media.
While the automated data storage library 10 has been described as employing a distributed control system, the present invention may be implemented in automated data storage libraries regardless of control configuration, such as, but not limited to, an automated data storage library having one or more library controllers that are not distributed, as that term is defined in U.S. Pat. No. 6,356,803. The library of
In the library 10 illustrated as an example in
The library 10 receives commands from one or more host systems 40, 41 or 42. The host systems, such as host servers, communicate with the library directly, e.g., on path 80, through one or more control ports (not shown), or through one or more data storage drives 15 on paths 81, 82, providing commands to access particular data storage media and move the media, for example, between the storage cells 16 and the data storage drives 15. The commands are typically logical commands identifying the media and/or logical locations for accessing the media. The terms "commands" and "work requests" are used interchangeably herein to refer to such communications from the host system 40, 41 or 42 to the library 10 as are intended to result in accessing particular data storage media within the library 10.
The library 10 is controlled by a distributed control system receiving the logical commands from hosts, determining the required actions, and converting the actions to physical movements of first accessor 18 and/or second accessor 28.
In the library 10, the distributed control system comprises a plurality of processor nodes, each having one or more processors. In one example of a distributed control system, a communication processor node 50 may be located in a storage frame 11. The communication processor node provides a communication link for receiving the host commands, either directly or through the drives 15, via at least one external interface, e.g., coupled to line 80.
The communication processor node 50 may additionally provide a communication link 70 for communicating with the data storage drives 15. The communication processor node 50 may be located in the frame 11, close to the data storage drives 15. Additionally, in an example of a distributed processor system, one or more additional work processor nodes are provided, which may comprise, e.g., a work processor node 52 that may be located at first accessor 18, and that is coupled to the communication processor node 50 via a network 60, 157. Each work processor node may respond to received commands that are broadcast to the work processor nodes from any communication processor node, and the work processor nodes may also direct the operation of the accessors, providing move commands. An XY processor node 55 may be provided and may be located at an XY system of first accessor 18. The XY processor node 55 is coupled to the network 60, 157, and is responsive to the move commands, operating the XY system to position the gripper 20.
Also, an operator panel processor node 59 may be provided at the optional operator panel 23 for providing an interface for communicating between the operator panel and the communication processor node 50, the work processor nodes 52, 252, and the XY processor nodes 55, 255.
A network, for example comprising a common bus 60, is provided, coupling the various processor nodes. The network may comprise a robust wiring network, such as the commercially available CAN (Controller Area Network) bus system, which is a multi-drop network, having a standard access protocol and wiring standards, for example, as defined by CiA, the CAN in Automation Association, Am Weich Selgarten 26, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Other networks, such as Ethernet, or a wireless network system, such as RF or infrared, may be employed in the library as is known to those of skill in the art. In addition, multiple independent networks may also be used to couple the various processor nodes.
The communication processor node 50 is coupled to each of the data storage drives 15 of a storage frame 11, via lines 70, communicating with the drives 15 and with host systems 40, 41 and 42. Alternatively, the host systems 40, 41 and 42 may be directly coupled to the communication processor node 50, at input 80 for example, or to control port devices (not shown) which connect the library 10 to the host system(s) with a library interface similar to the drive/library interface. As is known to those of skill in the art, various communication arrangements may be employed for communication with the hosts 40, 41 and 42 and with the data storage drives 15. In the example of
The data storage drives 15 may be in close proximity to the communication processor node 50, and may employ a short distance communication scheme, such as SCSI, or a serial connection, such as RS-422. The data storage drives 15 are thus individually coupled to the communication processor node 50 by means of lines 70. Alternatively, the data storage drives 15 may be coupled to the communication processor node 50 through one or more networks, such as a common bus network.
Additional storage frames 11 may be provided and each is coupled to the adjacent storage frame. Any of the storage frames 11 may comprise communication processor nodes 50, storage shelves 16, data storage drives 15, and networks 60.
Further, as described above, the automated data storage library 10 may comprise a plurality of accessors. The second accessor 28, for example, is shown in a right hand service bay 14 of
An automated data storage library 10 typically comprises one or more controllers to direct the operation of the automated data storage library. Host computers and data storage drives typically comprise similar controllers. A controller may take many different forms and may comprise, for example but not be limited to, an embedded system, a distributed control system, a personal computer, or a workstation, etc. Alternatively, one of the processor nodes 50, 52, 55, 59, 252, 255 may comprise a controller. In such a configuration, one of the processor nodes comprises the controller while any other processor nodes may work under the direction of the controller. Still further, two or more of the processor nodes 50, 52, 55, 59, 252, 255 may comprise a controller. In this further configuration, two or more processor nodes comprise the controller while any other processor nodes may work under the direction of the controller. Essentially, the term "controller" as used herein is intended in its broadest sense as a device or system that contains at least one processor, as such term is defined herein.
The library 10 includes numerous mechanical components, such as, but not limited to, movement of the accessor 18, action of the gripper 20, receipt into and ejection from cartridges by a drive loader, motion of the tape across read/write heads in a drive, positioning of the heads as they seek a specific data track of a multi-track media, motion of the heads as they maintain alignment with a data track while reading/writing, etc. Control of these mechanical components is accomplished using servo control loops whose algorithms may be executed in device specific circuits 401, in the processor 402 and/or in circuitry within the mechanical components.
Continuing the example, in order to move the accessor 18 from one location to another, a motion profile is selected or generated based upon the current location of the accessor 18, how far it is to travel to its target destination, how fast it is to travel and what acceleration and deceleration is appropriate. Parameters of the servo algorithm used to control the accessor motor may include, therefore, desired and actual positions, desired and actual velocities, acceleration and motor torque. In a prior art data logging system, these parameters would be monitored and their values recorded in fields of consecutive log entries at regular intervals as the motor moves the accessor according to the motion profile. Thus, in the event of a failure, the progress of the accessor 18 may be recreated from the recorded parameter values which represent a sequence of states of the motor.
The size of a field of the log entries may vary depending upon the particular parameter being recorded. For example, the actual and desired motor positions may each be stored in a 16-bit field, the actual and desired velocities may each be stored in a 22-bit field and the torque may be stored in a 9-bit field (an 8-bit value and a 1-bit sign). Therefore each log entry could require 85 bits, or 63 bits if the desired velocity is not recorded.
The present invention, however, provides a system and method for logging such data in less space based upon the recognition that the values of some of the parameters may not change by a large amount from one recorded entry to the next and the recognition that at least some of the changes may be predicted from the acceleration and/or velocity profiles of the hardware being controlled. Thus, by storing absolute values of parameters from the beginning of a move and/or at intervals during the move and storing relative values between the absolute values, the amount of space required by the entries may be significantly reduced without the loss of any information. The absolute values may be recorded at regular, periodic intervals. Alternatively, or in addition, an updated absolute value may be recorded if the relative value of a parameter, that is, the change from the previous value, is greater than can be stored in an relative entry. For example, assume that the desired and actual positions of a motor are being recorded and that each requires 32-bits if stored as an absolute value, for a total of 8 bytes of logged data per entry. When the motor moves less than 128 counts per servo interval, the relative position only requires 8 bits, a substantial savings in memory space. And, if the motor moves faster than 128 counts per interval, a full absolute value may be recorded. Thus, more logged data 410 (
It should be noted that the term "absolute value" is used herein not in the mathematical sense (that is, the value of a number without regard to its sign) but rather used to refer to the full, uncompressed value of a parameter, as opposed to a value which is relative.
Whether an absolute value of a parameter is stored in a log entry or a relative value is stored, the then-current complete value is first obtained from whatever device is used to monitor the parameter. If an absolute value is to be stored, that complete value is used. If, however, a relative value is to be stored, the difference between the complete value and the previous complete value is determined and that difference is stored as the relative entry. Thus, the difference will be small relative to the full value. During later analysis of logged data, the complete value of a particular parameter at a particular entry (representing a point in time) may be obtained by finding the most recently logged absolute value and adding the values of all relative entries for that parameter (that is, the sequence of differences) between the absolute entry and the desired relative entry.
The sizes of the fields holding relative values should be chosen to be large enough to store common expected changes of each parameter and small enough to provide a significant reduction in the memory required to store the logged data. The amount of change in the position during a particular move may be estimated from the velocity profile of the motion and the amount of change in velocity may be estimated from the acceleration profile. Changes in other parameter values may be similarly estimated. Moreover, field size selection entails a tradeoff. Larger-sized fields are able to accommodate a wider range of parameter value changes but at the cost of requiring more memory. On the other hand, smaller-sized fields may require the more frequent recording of absolute values when changes are large but may be a more efficient scheme if the value changes by only a small amount most of the time. For more convenient memory management, a full log entry may be expanded to an integer number of bytes, with some bit spaces remaining unused or used for overhead, such as to indicate the entry type.
The present invention preferably includes a data structure defining an informational entry.
In one embodiment, multiple levels or degrees of relative may be implemented. In the example of
Further compression may be achieved when the value of an actual parameter is near the value of the corresponding desired parameter, such when the actual position is closely tracking the desired position. Instead of storing the desired position and associated relative values of the actual position, the desired position and the position error may be recorded and stored. In later analysis, the actual position may be derived from these values.
Because the data log has limited size, even when the system and methods of the present invention are implemented, it will eventually become full and the earliest stored data will be overwritten to make room for more recent logged data. However, if data is overwritten in the conventional manner, information may be lost unnecessarily when an absolute entry is overwritten and later-recorded associated relative entries remain: the "stranded" relative entries will no longer have a point of reference and can no longer be "decoded". Similarly, if relative entries have variable field lengths, overwriting of an informational entry also leads to stranded associated relative entries and the loss of information. The stranded associated relative entries may be considered invalid. Storing periodic absolute and/or informational entries, even when there is no change in the size of relative entry fields, can reduce, but not necessarily eliminate, the loss. Storing absolute and/or informational entries at the end of each move as well as at the beginning, with associated relative entries sandwiched between the two, may also reduce information loss. Alternatively, storing the absolute and/or informational entries before and after the associated relative entries eliminates stranded relative entries and reduces both memory usage and information loss. Relative entries are then decoded by the earliest subsequent absolute and/or informational entry.
It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functioning data processing system, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processes of the present invention are capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable storage medium of instructions and a variety of forms and that the present invention applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media actually used to carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable storage media include recordable-type media such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a RAM, and CD-ROMs.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Moreover, although described above with respect to methods and systems, the need in the art may also be met with a computer program product containing instructions for logging motion-related data obtained from a system or a method for deploying computing infrastructure comprising integrating computer readable code into a computing system for doing so.
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Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US8095711 * | Jun 30, 2008 | Jan 10, 2012 | Tellabs Oy | Method and devices for compressing delta log using flash transactions |
US8892223 | Sep 7, 2011 | Nov 18, 2014 | Honeywell International Inc. | HVAC controller including user interaction log |
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US9002523 | Dec 14, 2011 | Apr 7, 2015 | Honeywell International Inc. | HVAC controller with diagnostic alerts |
US9157647 | Mar 24, 2014 | Oct 13, 2015 | Honeywell International Inc. | HVAC controller including user interaction log |
US9206993 | Dec 14, 2011 | Dec 8, 2015 | Honeywell International Inc. | HVAC controller with utility saver switch diagnostic feature |
US9366448 | Nov 28, 2011 | Jun 14, 2016 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and apparatus for configuring a filter change notification of an HVAC controller |
US9442500 | Mar 8, 2012 | Sep 13, 2016 | Honeywell International Inc. | Systems and methods for associating wireless devices of an HVAC system |
US9477239 | Jul 26, 2012 | Oct 25, 2016 | Honeywell International Inc. | HVAC controller with wireless network based occupancy detection and control |
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US20090013126 * | Jun 30, 2008 | Jan 8, 2009 | Tellabs Oy | Method and devices for compressing delta log using flash transactions |
U.S. Classification | 700/24, 702/187, 318/560 |
International Classification | G05B11/01, G06F17/40 |
Cooperative Classification | G11B5/584 |
European Classification | G11B5/584 |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Jan 13, 2006 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOSLEY, JONATHAN E;REEL/FRAME:017012/0552 Effective date: 20051130 Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION,NEW YO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BOSLEY, JONATHAN E;REEL/FRAME:017012/0552 Effective date: 20051130 |
Oct 18, 2013 | REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | |
Mar 9, 2014 | LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | |
Apr 29, 2014 | FP | Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee | Effective date: 20140309 |


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subset: commoncrawl


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Josh Bailey and his Islanders teammates are off to a nice start.


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MRR Presents: Friday Fuckin' Funnies!
October 18th, 2013 by Funnies
It's Friday Fuckin' Funnies — the best comix section on the whole interwebs! Each Friday we have a selection of comic strips from punx like you… You make funnies? Send em to and maybe you'll see yer comic here next Friday!
NOTHING MATTRESS by Brian Connolly!
More at www.nothingmattress.com and facebook.com/nothingmattress
CRUDELY DRAWN PENIS by Judy Bawls!
(click image to enlarge)
More by Judy at crudelydrawnpen15.blogspot.com
STUPID LIFE by Sean Suck!
Loads more at lifeisposers.com


text: ACCU-SWEEP Services Ltd Vernon, BC 250-765-1001 Websitewww.accu-sweep.ca Business/Store Hours 24/7 Description Accu-Sweep Services Ltd. is the largest and most experienced sweeping company in the Okanagan Valley. In business as Accu-Sweep Ltd. since 2004, and 40 years of field experience. We guarantee our work. You can be assured that our professional team will always provide reliable and expert service. Products & Services Offered commercial sweeping company commercial sweeping service highway sweeping highway sweeping company highway sweeping service kelowna power sweeping mobile home park sweeping okanagan sweeping service parkade sweeping parking lot sweeping road sweeping service side walk sweeping strata lot sweeping street sweeping street sweeping kelowna sweeping parking lots CATEGORIES Power Sweeping Service Power Washing SEO Cloud Tags Since 1973 * Power Sweeping * Power Scrubbing of Parkades * Pressure Washing * Line Painting * www.accu-sweep.ca * Serving The Okanagan


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Home | Search Forums | Register | Forum Rules | Man Pages | Unix Commands | Linux Commands | FAQ | Members | Search | Today's Posts | Mark Forums Read |
Shell Programming and Scripting BSD, Linux, and UNIX shell scripting Post awk, bash, csh, ksh, perl, php, python, sed, sh, shell scripts, and other shell scripting languages questions here. |
Thread Tools | Search this Thread | Display Modes |
control over shell script
I have a perl program that uses "system" to execute a shell script called startengine. The script "startengine" itself calls a lot of other smaller scripts to setup the engine etc. It finally has to execute ./engine which is another shell script which is long and takes a long time to complete processing. The "startengine" script looks like this #!/bin/bash echo In shell script............ /usr/agjy/bin/cleartool setview $1 <<END cd /vobs/eng/work . ./setup host-dbg gw cd \$ENG_TARGET_ROOT/home/bin pwd /home/agjy/bin/stopAll /home/agjy/bin/cleanup ./engine 2>&1 |tee $2 My problem is that the system call returns back to perl script without waiting for ./engine to finish processing.. I have tried sleep in the perl script which works only sometimes depending on machine speed. Another problem is that ./engine is a waiting process- ie if it runs correctly it should say "waiting for connection.. " and wait for input. the output of ./engine is written into the logfile ($2). The perl script then parses that logfile looking for the "waiting for connection" string and proceeds to send input to the engine or shut it down depending on if string was matched or not. I need something that will make sure ./engine is completely processed before control returns to perl script.. I hope i have made the problem clear and would really appreciate any help with this.. Thanks, JLJ |
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use the Proc::Simple package to launch your shell script. Then you can keep watching the status of that launched process, know when it is finished, and also kill it if required.
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Thank You Yogesh for replying.. I will try that but do you know of any other way without using packages?
The crude method is to modify the .engine script to write a line in the log "engine process completed" or something similar. Then in the Perl script, keep iterating in a loop to watch the log and when this line is found, continue further execution. But this is an unreliable method and should be avoided.
Use Perl's Thread model if you don't want to use external packages. This will help you: http://www.unix.org.ua/orelly/perl/prog3/ch17_02.htm This is the 17th chapter of the Camel Book that I am referring. But I recommend that you use the Proc::Simple package in this case, it will make your life simple. |
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More UNIX and Linux Forum Topics You Might Find Helpful | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
how to continue shell script execution process without control going to pompt? | vadlamudy | Shell Programming and Scripting | 5 | 04-12-2012 05:43 PM |
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A Answers (1)
How Can I Have More Fun with Sex? 1:15
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51 threats found
51 threats removed
Name | Essex |
Description | A Essex can affect and spread via email messages or by sharing files affected with the virus. Some programs with built in macro languages allow macro programs to run automatically upon opening documents with these programs. It is possible that a Essex can take advantage of this automated system and affect software automatically when opened. |
Type | Malware |
Alias | Quarry Query |
How to manually remove Essex guide. Only for ADVANCED users.
Check running processes on your system. Usually you can find Essex process running. Use the Ctrl+Shift+Esc buttons combination to open system information window and click Processes tab. Scroll down the whole list and try to find the process named like Essex. If you find Essex process running, right click on it and choose "End Process". It will disable Essex for the current Windows session, but remember that if you do not completely remove Essex using next steps, then your PC will stay vulnerable to malware attack. Next steps are much more important in removing Essex.
Prevent the malware from leaking or spreading your personal data. Malware usually uses the Internet to transfer all possible and important information you have. Some Malwares are not so "Active" and they can simply disable some Windows features and options. To disconnect your PC from the Internet you need to plug-off LAN cable (if you use LAN connection) or to turn of the Wi-Fi module (if you use Wi-Fi Internet connection). Most of (not 100%) Malwares can not access Wi-Fi module preferences. Turning off the Internet will disable Essex from transferring any data from your PC.
The next step is very important in removing Essex. After turning off the Internet and disabling Essex process you will need to reboot your PC in so-called Safe Mode. Safe Mode is a Windows mode which allows you to start the System using only important applications and services. Safe Mode does not usually allow Essex to load when the system boots (!!!but exceptions can appear!!!). Choose Restart in Windows Start menu and wait until the screen turns off.
After that you have to follow the next instructions according to the versions of Microsoft Windows you use:
Press the F8 key repeatedly when the first screen appears.
Select Safe Mode from Windows Advanced Options Menu and press ENTER.
Press the F8 key repeatedly when the first screen appears.
Use the arrow keys from Windows Advanced Options Menu in order to select Safe Mode and press ENTER.
Press and hold the Shift button when left-clicking the Restart button on Windows log-on screen.
Select Safe Mode from Windows Troubleshooting boot screen and press ENTER.
Having booted your PC in Safe mode you have to start cleaning your PC manually by deleting every file associated with Essex one by one. Here is the list of all files associated with Essex. Delete all files listed below using the Shift+Delete buttons combination. Always double check the file name as sometimes Malwares use very similar filenames as very important system files do and you can mistakenly remove important system file what will harm your system and you will not be able to boot your PC at all.
Please, remember that viruses are always progressing and sometimes new files can appear. If you are using our offline PDF guide on How to remove Essex, please check if you have it's latest version.
We do not guarantee that Essex has the same file structure at the moment of deleting.
After removing all files associated with Essex that were listed above, reboot your system in normal mode and check if your PC works fine or you still have any troubles.
It it is OK – congratulations! You have made a great job!
If it is still NOT ok – use OSHI Defender to check your PC.
Similar threats | Essex |
Associated threats | Win64/webbar.a PUA Riskware ( 0040eff71 ) Conduit (fs) Mywebsearch.j PUA Unwanted-program ( 004deff11 ) |
We have an answer
How did my computer get Essex?
I detected Essex on my computer. What do I do?
What damages can Essex do to my computer?
What are the main symptoms of Essex?
Can Essex spread to other computers?
Countries with the highest Essex infection rates.
The first recorded appearance of Essex
You have a question?
How did my computer get Essex?
Essex may not necessarily need user interaction to get installed. It can get into your system by exploiting weak spots in your browser or operating system. In most cases, though, Essex needs to be installed manually (open a file, install software, etc).
I detected Essex on my computer. What do I do?
Start OSHI Defender or another antimalware program to immediately remove Essex. Remember that widely used antivirus software may not detect Essex in your operating system.
What damages can Essex do to my computer?
Hackers may use Essex to hold your data hostage and extort money from you, steal personal and valuable data from your computer or get access to your bank accounts.
What are the main symptoms of Essex?
Extra HD activity
High network activity
PC slowdown
System crashes
Unusual browser settings
Pop-up windows
Can Essex spread to other computers?
To install Essex on other computers in your network, you must perform the same action you did on your infected computer.
Countries with the highest Essex infection rates.
The first recorded appearance of Essex
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Emily is a personal blog in a minimalist style. It has a clean and modern design, as well as a convenient structure and usability. Suitable for small women's blogs on any subject.
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Artist description:
Yo skin sisters and Bros.Cud yer just go on "never been rated" when i first come on here..it was tuff.!:O)but these peeps never get rated.It would mean so much to them...please rate these peeps and give them a boost...cheers medears(:O)
Canvas Draw Created Sep 06, 2011 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2011 vinny100.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
Post a comment
amazing idea and drawing and again i can add your drawing to my collection of sails! 5/5


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Handsome and sturdy, with plenty of storage on two roomy shelves. Made by expert craftsman of solid mahogany. At place in the living room, dining room or anywhere you want to store your pretty things and shown them off.
Size39" wide x 17" deep x 30" high
AssemblyFully assembled
DeliveryNext-day delivery or Lakeview store pickup. Details
ReturnsFull refund within 7 days. Details
Added to cart


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Message board »Message Board home »Sign-in or register to get started
Online now: 1 member: TOP DOG; 44 anonymousDiscussion: LOOKING TO PLAY
Posted | Discussion |
March 8, 2013 sbaddict 15 posts | LOOKING TO PLAY Looking to play some ball on a 60's team! Play outfield & some infield. I hit pretty good, base & line drive hitter! Interested, call me. Rick Garcia 805-216-9651 Thanks Guys :) |


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Get an overview of this hotel3-star Sirmione caravan park/campground in Colombare, near Scaliger Castle
Located in Colombare, this caravan park/campground is 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Claudio Lana Professional Surf Center and within 3 mi (5 km) of Scaliger Castle and Grotto of Catullus. Terme Virgilio and Musei di Solferino are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Property Features
Along with 3 outdoor pools, this caravan park/campground has a restaurant and a bar/lounge. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a snack bar/deli, a children's pool, and laundry facilities.
Room Amenities
All 22 accommodations offer furnished balconies, TVs, and showers.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new windowCamping Sirmione
Property Amenities
Camping Sirmione features 3 outdoor swimming pools and a children's pool. The caravan park/campground offers a restaurant and a snack bar/deli. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This Sirmione caravan park/campground also offers a terrace, multilingual staff, and a garden. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- Total number of rooms - 22
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Front desk (limited hours)
- Free WiFi
- Number of outdoor pools - 3
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Garden
- Terrace
- Picnic area
- Luggage storage
- Restaurant
- Snack bar/deli
- Free self parking
- Pool cabanas (surcharge)
- Pool sun loungers
- Children's pool
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pools
- Children's pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Snack bar/deli
- Laundry facilities
- Playground on site
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Furnished balcony
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Television
Where to Eat
Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available for a surcharge and are served each morning between 7:30 AM and 11:00 AM.
Camping Sirmione - This beachfront restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Nearby Things to Do
3 outdoor swimming pools are on site along with a children's pool.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Fishing on site
- Playground on site
- Snorkeling on site
- Water skiing on site
- Windsurfing on site
- Beach volleyball on site
- Boat tours nearby
Property Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-in time ends at 10 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 10 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.60 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 14 years of age.
- Cleaning fee: EUR 30 per accommodation, per stay (varies per unit size)
- Towels/sheets: EUR 11 per person, per stay
Property Name
- Camping Campground Sirmione
- Camping Sirmione
- Sirmione Camping
- Camping Sirmione Lake Garda, Italy
We should mention
All guests, including children, must be present at check-in and show their government-issued photo ID card or passport. Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. Set meals are served in guestrooms only (no menus or public dining).


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Cute sheep. I tried my hand at making some last year but mine weren't as nice and fluffy!!
you made these? wow, i adore them! xo
These are darling, Patty. I love that they're PINK!! I've been seeing lots of sheep décor out there lately. Have fun with your gardening. I don't have a garden any more, but I hope to again soon. : )~Sheri
SO glad you came by (:) Patty


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Recognizes human Urokinase. Highly specific for urokinase, no cross-reactions were found with other serine proteases (tissue plasminogen activator, plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, thrombin). | |
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Bucknell University
Egg Harbor Twp HS
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- Bodisch, Brendan Christian Brothers Academy NJ
- Bordash, Kelsey Ridgefield High School CT
- Bortolot, Michael Joel Barlow High School CT
- Capes-Davis, Payton Shoreham-Wading River NY
- Dietrich, Jennifer Baldwin School PA
- Fiamoncini, Maura Mount Carmel Area PA
- Florio, Olivia Northern Highlands Reg. HS NJ
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- Hunt, Madeleine Souhegan High School NH
- Huslin, Samuel Holy Ghost Preparatory School PA
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Glitter Microphone Ref.: 22447
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- Reviewed by: Deb the dance diva
- Date: 18 Nov 2011
- Location: South Wales
- Excellent addition-completed our costume
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- Bottom Line: We dressed up as Abba - 4 of us in the group and the microphones was that final touch! Of course it meant that we thought we could also sing- as we had these fantastic, realistic looking microphones!


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If you enjoy the fireworks during the July 4th Celebration in Harrisburg, NC but prefer to not partake in the festivities in Harrisburg Park, we are happy to offer Park and View locations. We have ranked the locations in three categories based on the amount of the fireworks show you will be able to see from each site.
Please note the ability to see the entire fireworks show can be affected by elements of which we have no control such as wind direction and speed.
Excellent - 90-100% of the show
- Harrisburg Industrial Park Drive: Access from Tom Query side of Caldwell Road.
- Harrisburg United Methodist Church: 4560 NC 49; Harrisburg NC 28075
- Stallings Road Park: 4088 Stallings Road; Harrisburg NC 28075
Good - 75-90% of the show
- Harrisburg Elementary School: 3900 Stallings Road; Harrisburg NC 28075
- Hickory Ridge Middle School: 7336 Raging Ridge Road; Harrisburg NC 28075
Fair - 50-75% of the show
- Hickory Ridge High School: 7321 Raging Ridge Road; Harrisburg NC 28075
- Anderson Uniform: 5630 NC-49; Harrisburg NC, 28075


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Quality, customer satisfaction and inspiring people to live a sustainable, healthy life are significant priorities for our company. Eye Art Garden Ltd provides the full range of garden services: interior plant display design and installation, exterior garden design, landscaping and maintenance. We take pride in providing high quality with very competitive prices products and services to our customers, while considering the environment in all we do.
Aura Landscapes
Based in West End, Southampton, Aura Landscapes Ltd are award winning hard landscaping contractors, and undertake work including garden design, patio and driveway design and installation, garden transformations, artificial grass installation and much more.
Diverse Commercial Solutions
With many years experience in the facilities management industry combined with the ability to understand the changing needs of each customer, no one else is better placed to provide a more diverse range of tailored property solutions. Employing carefully selected and highly motivated operatives, we offer a vast range of services such as cleaning, maintenance and consultancy solutions. All staff are trained to the highest standards, ensuring both quality and health & safety standards are always met. Maintenance; Grounds Maintenance, Building Maintenance, Pest Control, Washroom Solutions, Waste Management & more. Cleaning; Regular Industrial, Pressure Washing, Deep Clean, Carpet & Hard Floor, Windows, Kitchens, Commercial Cleaning & more. Building; General Building Contracts, Electrical & Plumbing, Landscaping, Painting & Decorating , & more.
A1 landscaping service
James butler
Dine-in-leisure LTD
Certificate of Excellence 2015
Efa Construction Ltd
Certificate of Excellence 2015We offer a comprehensive landscaping service, which includes designing gardens, fencing, tarmacking, block paving and all other types of drives, patio areas, raised seating areas, laying of turf and artificial grass as well general maintenance. To see our full range of services please take a look at our website. We use local suppliers where possible as we strongly believe in using local businesses and source materials and provide the best possible quality for our clients. As a small family run business having just celebrated our 5th anniversary we believe that it is important that clients feel that they are an individual, with individual needs and requirements. Therefore from the point of contact we aim to be with a client on site within 48 hours, and a written quote within 5 working days. If you should have any queries about our company or the services offer we are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week so please do not hesitate to contact us at anytime.
The Garden Path
An established Garden Design and Landscaping Company based in the South of England, The Garden Path provides a wide range of design and both hard and soft landscaping services. Based in Wiltshire, we also cover Dorset, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, and Somerset. If you're looking for a friendly Garden Design and Landscaping service that will be sensitive to your requirements and budget, then you've come to the right place. Whatever your requirements, whether large or small, conservative or unconventional, we can assist you in achieving your dream garden.
Landscape innovation
Certificate of Excellence 2015High quality design of all types of gardens and ranging from very small scale to large projects. Key is finding out what sort of thing you want and then quickly creating conceptual sketches that allow you to travel in time and understand what it will look like. Then application of best buying skills so the work is carried out effectively and at a good price. Our record of success is immense and you will need to ask for detail to put your mind at rest.
Wiltshire Countryside Services
Wiltshire Countryside services offer a wide range of Arboricultural, Forestry and Grounds Maintenance to commercial and domestic clients across Wiltshire , Hampshire and the South west. Wheather you have a small space or a country estate , we are experience and here to help with an array of services tailored to your individual needs. We offer free written no obligation Quotations and site visits with all enquires .
Allbuild landscaping
Certificate of Excellence 2015
Fairways Property and Grounds Maintenance
Fairways Property and Grounds Maintenance will look after your commercial grounds, commercial property, window cleaning with a reach and wash system, gutter clearance, stud partitioning, basic carpentry work, painting and decorating, laying new turf, end of tenancy works, dilapidation works. We will help you look after your building/site/office/house/garden/grounds.
T.Deacon LTD
Fencing and Landscapiong
Ground Force Contractors
Ground Force Contractors has more than 30 years' experience within the Landscaping and Horticultural industry. Our specialisms includes country estate management, equestrian facilities, grounds maintenance, sports ground services and water features. No job is ever too small or too large. We provide a wide range of services and undertake both hard and soft landscaping projects, all our projects are competitively priced. We manage maintenance projects for both the residential and commercial sector and using our vast specialist sports surfaces and sports ground maintenance knowledge we are also well equipped to undertake any size project in the emerging market of artificial turf supply, installation and maintenance. Our team work to ensure every aspect of a project is undertaken to the highest standard of quality and professionalism Artificial Turf Supply Install Maintenance Landscaping Artificial Turf Automated Gates Brickwork Driveway Construction Fencing and Gates Lakes, Ponds and Water Features Lighting Natural Turf Patios Supply and Planting of Trees, Shrubs, Bedding Grounds Maintenance Aeration Country Estate Maintenance Fertilising Garden Maintenance Hard Surfaces Hedges Lawns - Artificial and Natural Turf Parks Maintenance Scarifying Shrubs Trees Weed Spraying Water Features Lakes Ponds River Works Civil Engineering Bulk Earthworks Foundation Excavation and Earthworks Support Kerb Laying Road, Car Park and Footpath Construction Sewer and Drainage Installation
Peter Dawson Landscaping
Certificate of Excellence 2015
Peter Rushton Landscapes Ltd
Fane Landscapes
Certificate of Excellence 2015Fane Landscapes has three generations of experience. Over the years we have done a wide variety of work. From our total garden maintenance service to designing and building. We do Grass cutting, Lawn care, Pruning, Weeding, Hedging, Planting. Paving, Patios, Pathways, Driveways, Decking, Fencing, Pergolas, Garden Clearance, Custom Built Outbuildings, Brick and Stone Walling, Water Features, Ponds, Tree Surgery, Turfing etc. etc. etc. We are committed to providing the highest standards in everything we do from the materials we use to our attitude to the work in hand. We pride ourselves on perfection and work closely with the client to ensure all work is carried out to meet and far exceed the expectations of every customer. We are a member of the guild of master craftsmen and provide a long running guarantee as standard. Insurance backed guarantees (backed by the guild of master craftsmen) are also available. We offer free no obligations quotes. Portfolios and references are provided at our first appointment. We are fully insured for commercial and domestic contracting and have the relevant licenses to carry and dispose of waste.
Blue Sky Landscapes
Cotswold Design Ltd
Cotswold Design is a Landscaping and Groundworks company, working on regal properties to cottage gardens throughout the South West. We work in close association with our designer who has 20yrs experience inspiring clients throughout the Cotswolds and surrounding areas.
Gibbons Group
Gibbons Group are a Berkshire based company and are leading Horticultural and Ground Maintenance providers for the South West and surrounding areas. With over 25 years experience in the business, we have reached this enviable position through our dedication to service, design and attention to detail. As a family business with our name and reputation at the forefront, we strive to deliver a bespoke, budget aware service that excels in every area. Gibbons Group are passionate about creating and enhancing professionally maintained grounds and specialise in being horticultural sensitive with expertly trained staff. Unlike many companies offering this service, our team are RHS trained and know how to grow, nurture and maintain a property. We feel it is vital to sit down and understand the exact needs of our clients from budget through to environmental concerns and then create the ultimate maintenance package. Lawn Mowing Lawn treatments Leaf Clearances Pruning Hedge cutting Planting Turfing Shrub and border maintenance Hard-surface maintenance Chemical weed control Chemical moss control Fertilising and spray programs Meadow installation Pest control Tree work
"Bark quickly finds the best professionals for any job - consider it done."
Nick Hewer
BBC's 'The Apprentice'


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http://www.modelmayhem.com/portfolio/71 … l#/A306405
Ten shots in my album "Five." General impressions? Jan 14 13 08:40 pm Link General impressions:
#1-nice camera #2- nice edit #3- most of the lighting is a tad too harsh for her, and some of the images have funky shadows on her nose. Stick with Rembrandt, or butterfly IMO #4- unless you really need to, don't shoot from below. Especially with a model that has a rounder face. It just isn't flattering. #5 - wardrobe and makeup are nice #6- pick your favorite 3 and ditch the rest. I was intreagued at first but quickly lost interest after seeing a few flaws mentioned above. Overall, decent work, but could be improved upon! -Ed Jan 17 13 10:59 pm Link Jan 18 13 06:58 am Link |


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Bound Lotus Pose
Buy Download Now
Props required:
Not Required
Movement Type:
Sub Movement Type-A:
Sub Movement Type-B:
Forward Bend
Main Anatomical Focus:
Secondary Anatomical Focus:
Physiological Focus:
Circulatory System,
Endocrine System,
Excretory System,
Reproductive System,
Respiratory System
Therapeutic Focus:
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As well as the benefits of lotus, this variation also increases flexibility in the shoulders and the front of the chest. When the trunk is brought forward with the heels pressing in to the abdomen, a massaging effect on the abdominal organs happens, which increases digestive function. According to the revered BKS Iyengar, this movement is especially useful for awakening kundalini.
Do not practise this movement if you have an ankle or knee injury.
Padmasana is considered to be an intermediate to advanced movement. Only practise this movement if you have sufficient prior experience or with the supervision of an experienced teacher.
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Boston's NPR News Station
President Trump is done negotiating over the health care bill and wants a vote today.
The Senate Democratic leader says Judge Gorsuch is not independent of President Trump.
The decision will set the stage for President Trump to reverse a decision by then-President Obama to reject the project.
The Trump Organization may lease the Old Post Office because President Trump moved his businesses into a trust.
She will be the first person of color and the third woman to lead the elite Boston exam school.
A helicopter mother, an admissions dean and a rejection odyssey, by Alexandra Fields.
As the House votes on the American Health Care Act we'll dig deep into what's in the bill, what's not. Who would win. Who would lose.
Men and friendship. By middle age, many have too little of it. And it's a threat to men's health.
Support the news
Jokes bomb, Brady's jersey is found, Sears goes bust, Gorsuch gets grilled, and more from Tom Keane's weekly roundup of...
As a forensic psychiatrist with expertise in violence risk assessment, writes Reena Kapoor, I can assure you that perfect system...
Our public universities and colleges are better at getting low-income students up the economic ladder than experts realized, writes Rich...
Racial animus and economic inequity, writes Kevin C. Peterson, influence housing patterns and media coverage.
Paul Rust, star of the Netflix comedy hit "Love," tells the story of a man who says 'no' to conversations about traffic and weather. Even on a first date.
Malin Akerman of Showtime's "Billions" tells the story of a pair of best friends who vow to stay together forever--at least until the green card arrives.


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Unlock AT&T iPhone Clean Express
This service supports the following
ATT iphone models: 3 3gs, 4, 4s, 5, 5c, 5s, 6, 6+, 6S, 6S+, SE
This service DOES NOT SUPPORT lost/stolen/unpaid/ in contract iphones. Success rate is 30 % with this service.
We do offer a 100% SUCCESS SERVICE. . Use this service in case you order fails with this one or you want to just order off the bat a more promising service. CLICK HERE
If yours gets denied by apple, we will alert you and refund you. You can at that point resubmit on the 100 percent service if you choose.
Timeframe: 1-72 Business hours (Not Counting Weekends) to process.
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ONCE order is in process we are NOT able to cancel order. Please do not order if you dont wait.
Please make sure the phone is from ATT USA before ordering. IF in doubt, please order the 1.99 iphone check to verify this is indeed from ATT USA. CLICK HERE
If any other models or provider is submitted, we will charge a fee before we refund order.
Does NOT Support: Verizon/Sprint/T-Mobile Locked phones or 9900xxxxxxxx IMEI. Also if phones are reported lost/stolen, we are able to unlock them on (PREMIUM 1-2 DAYS service). Please keep in mind, the iPhone once unlocked will work OUTSIDE OF USA once completed.
Type your IMEI and any additional data needed and click the add to cart button.
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text:
Publication Type: | Journal Article |
Year of Publication: | 2012 |
Authors: | Chatrou, LW, Pirie, MD, Erkens, RHJ, Couvreur, TLP, Neubig, KM, Abbott, RJ, Mols, JB, Maas, JW, Saunders, RMK, Chase, MW |
Journal: | Botanical Journal of the Linnean SocietyBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
Volume: | 169 |
Pagination: | 5-40 |
ISBN Number: | 1095-8339 |
Keywords: | plastid markers, subfamilies, supermatrix, tribes |
Abstract: | The pantropical flowering plant family Annonaceae is the most species-rich family of Magnoliales. Despite long-standing interest in the systematics of Annonaceae, no authoritative classification has yet been published in the light of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Here, using the largest, most representative, molecular dataset compiled on Annonaceae to date, we present, for the first time, a robust family-wide phylogenetic tree and subsequent classification. We used a supermatrix of up to eight plastid markers sequenced from 193 ingroup and seven outgroup species. Some of the relationships at lower taxonomic levels are poorly resolved, but deeper nodes generally receive high support. Annonaceae comprises four major clades, which are here given the taxonomic rank of subfamily. The description of Annonoideae is amended, and three new subfamilies are described: Anaxagoreoideae, Ambavioideae and Malmeoideae. In Annonoideae, seven tribes are recognized, one of which, Duguetieae, is described as new. In Malmeoideae, seven tribes are recognized, six of which are newly described: Dendrokingstonieae, Fenerivieae, Maasieae, Malmeeae, Monocarpieae and Piptostigmateae. This new subfamilial and tribal classification is discussed against the background of previous classifications and characters to recognize subfamilies are reviewed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 169, 5–40. |
Short Title: | Bot J Linn Soc |


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Détails bibliographiques
Titre : Letters, illustrative of public affairs in ...
Éditeur : Aberdeen: Printed for the Spalding Club, 1851.
Date d'édition : 1851
Reliure : Hardcover
4to, title in red and black, some spotting of e.p's, cont. half brown morocco, gilt, marbled sides, by Edmond & Spark, Aberdeen, bookplate of Thomas Gladstone, from the Fasque library, a pleasant copy. [Terry 22]. N° de réf. du libraire 12491
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Sci fi/Fantasy image by
Rebecca HardyI did this for my daughter who lost her very first tooth!! What a special moment. How excited she was to get the Tooth Fairies note, and to see her fairy dust :) (Wink) She wanted to know what she looked like and where she lived and I decied to do something. Everything but the fairy and tooth was done from scratch. Done with The Wacom and Adobe and some Paint shop. The Fairy was done by me in pencil. Took a long time to finish..Not Perfect, but I am happy with it.
Published More than a year ago
Category Fantasy
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USA Cell Phone Number List
This project received 5 bids from talented freelancers with an average bid price of $132 USD.
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We are a marketing company and looking to purchase active cell phone lists of users in the USA. Please reply if you are able to supply this. Will be looking to buy in the thousands
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Kalashnikov Machine Gun
Replaces the game: Thompson 1928.Simply irreplaceable gun for destroyi...
Replaces the game: Thompson 1928.
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Degtyarev light machine gun
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Sledge hammer for Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven
Don Salieri in a cummerbund
Don Salieri from the game Mafia The city of Lost Heaven. The boss of the Mafia family. Character,...
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This webcam is currently assigned to TOSTi. It was originally added on May 12, 2009 and has been viewed 58,925 times since then. The current picture above was taken 33 minutes ago, thereby the webcam seems to be currently active. So far, it was added to their personal favorites on webcams.travel by 3 people.
Palm Beach Resort with local temperatures. Cam is connected using two-way satellite link (which might be down), as the island has no cables running to mainland (35km).


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How to the calculate the water horsepower coming out of the pump 16-12
Horsepower is measured using the units, foot pounds with one horsepower equal to 33,000 foot pounds. Since fluid has weight we can calculate how many pounds per minute we are pumping by finding out how much a gallon of our fluid weighs. After you have done that, multiply the gallons per minute you are pumping by 8.33 (the weight of a gallon of water) and then multiply that result by the specific gravity (the weight) of your fluid, and you will have the pounds per minute number you are looking for.
Once you have the pounds per minute you are pumping, you can multiply that number into the feet of head the pump is producing and you have foot pounds per minute that can be converted to horsepower.
Please take a look at the following pump curve.
Let's use this chart for our example:
You are using the 13 inch impeller at 1750 rpm and pumping 300 gallons per minute of a fluid with a specific gravity of 1.0 to a head of 168 feet
300 gpm x 8.33 x 1.0 sg. = 2,499 pounds of fluid per minute.
We are pumping this fluid to a head of 168 feet so:
2,499 x 168 = 419,832 foot pounds per minute
Since 33,000 foot pound per minute equals one horsepower. We will divide and get:
419,832 / 33,000 = 12.73 horsepower.
This means that the pump is putting out 12.73 horsepower. Now, the next question is how much actual horsepower is required to do this?
Please take a look at the ascending lines on the bottom of the chart. Each line represents a different size impeller with the top line showing the horsepower required for a 13-inch impeller and the bottom line for a 9-inch impeller. The horsepower required is shown in the left column under bhp. (brake horsepower). Notice that it calls for 20 horsepower to move 300 gallons per minute with a 13-inch impeller.
If the pump were 100% efficient, all you would need would be 12.73 horsepower motor to drive the pump and it would do the job, but motors and pumps are not 100 % efficient because of friction losses and heat generation. This means that our actual efficiency is
12.73 hp out / 20 hp in = 0.64 or 64% efficient
Suppose the specific gravity of the fluid you are pumping is different than 1.0 (cold water). Just plug the new number into the formula and multiply the pump curve bhp by the same number. Using a specific gravity of 1.3, the change would look like this:
300 x 8.33 x 1.3 = 3248.70 pounds per minute
3248.70 x 168 = 545,781.60 foot-pounds per minute
545,781.6 / 33000 = 16.54 water horsepower out of the pump
20 x 1.3 = 26 horsepower is going into the pump
16.54 / 26 = 0.64 efficient
For information about my CD with over 600 Seal & Pump Subjects explained, click here
Link to Mc Nally home page www.mcnallyinstitute.com


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Sep 28 2010 | 1:07pm ET
JPMorgan Chase has set up a new alternative investments unit within its asset management division and has begun transferring its proprietary traders to the new business.
Investments banks are rushing to do away with their prop. trading desks, which are set to be barred under newly-enacted bank regulations in the U.S. While Goldman Sachs has chosen to simply shutter its prop. desks, JPMorgan will move its equity, emerging markets and structured credit traders to the new alternatives unit, where they will manage money for clients rather than the bank itself.
"Colleagues who will transition have delivered strong risk-adjusted returns for the firm, and we are confident that clients will benefit from their investment experience and insight," Mary Erdoes, CEO of JPMorgan Asset Management, said in an internal memo. The memo was first reported by Dealbreaker.com.
The prop. traders moving to the new unit will report to Erdoes. The transition, headed by co-head of global emerging markets Mike Stewart, will take a number of years, Erdoes and Jes Staley, CEO of JPMorgan's investment banking unit, said.
Stewart, who will lead the new unit, is also working with Larry Unrein, who heads JPMorgan Asset Management's hedge fund and private equity operations, to establish it. Stewart will remain in his current post through the end of the year.
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Tee Hoodie
Blue Life
- 50% rayon , 50% cotton
- Dry clean only
- Zip front closure
- Front pockets
- Lace trimmed sleeves
- Hooded
- Revolve Style No. BLUE-WO26
- Manufacturer Style No. 086-1958ST
- Modeled in size S.
- Model Measurements: Height 5'9", Waist 24", Bust 32", Hips 34"
- Size Guide
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You may have heard about the trendy Planet Blue boutique in Malibu and Beverly Hills, but did you know about the store's own brand, Blue Life? Comfy hoodies and tees that aren't your basic old pieces, with details that will have you coming back for more.