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Publication number | US8041797 B2 |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 10/815,236 |
Publication date | Oct 18, 2011 |
Filing date | Mar 31, 2004 |
Priority date | Mar 31, 2004 |
Fee status | Paid |
Also published as | CN1918846A, US20050256946, WO2005096138A2, WO2005096138A8 |
Publication number | 10815236, 815236, US 8041797 B2, US 8041797B2, US-B2-8041797, US8041797 B2, US8041797B2 |
Inventors | Rhonda L. Childress, David Bruce Kumhyr, Edgar Allen Marin, Neil Raymond Pennell |
Original Assignee | International Business Machines Corporation |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (7), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
The present application is related to co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/672,777 entitled "Real-Time SLA Impact Analysis", filed on Sep. 26, 2003 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/612,190 entitled "Methods, Systems and Computer Program Products for Early Warning of Potential Service Level Agreement Violations", filed on Jul. 2, 2003, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
1. Technical Field
The present invention is generally directed to allocation of computer system resources based on service level agreements (SLAs). More specifically, the present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for allocating computer system resources based on predictions of whether a SLA will be breached and the associated costs.
2. Description of Related Art
In the information technology (IT) based business place of today in which information services are provided by computer resource suppliers and are consumed by information services consumers, requirements for service level guarantees have created a demand for accountability that transcends enterprise and service provider environments. Inside enterprise organizations, service commitments are needed to justify astronomical expenditures for IT infrastructure. Service providers must prove the value of services being delivered, particularly in light of the fact that these services are often obtained at a premium price—failure to deliver may mean the success or failure of the service provider. For both, service level agreements (SLAs) define the terms for measuring service accountability. Service Level Management (SLM) enables the definition, measurement and reporting of SLA compliance.
SLAs can apply to almost any service imaginable. Historical examples for IT include the outsourcing of wide area network (WAN) managed services or remote local area network (LAN) services. Other cases may involve the combination of technologies for a given business service such as network and servers that support an overriding quality of service (QoS) for an enterprise financial application. Trends show that application and transaction-oriented SLAs are on the rise.
Increasingly, IT managers and service providers are seeking flexible, standards-based SLM tools to measure adherence to SLAs. The challenges of delivering IT services center around ensuring end-to-end availability and performance across diverse technological infrastructure with the goal of maintaining and improving end-user satisfaction. One solution that addresses these issues with measuring the adherence to SLAs is IBM Tivoli's Service Level Advisor™ (hereafter, Service Level Advisor).
The Service Level Advisor provides a number of SLM functions that aid in simplifying the building, managing and reporting of SLAs. Service Level Advisor provides for automatic discovery of service-level resources, automatic evaluation of service-level agreements, and provides trend analysis capabilities. Service Level Advisor uses system management information stored in a data warehouse on service-level metrics and available components. This information is automatically available for selection as part of an SLA. In addition, Service Level Advisor automatically compares the terms of the SLAs (such as metrics, thresholds, business schedules, etc.) with monitored data from IT environments and generates alerts when any of the terms of the SLA are violated.
Of particular note, the Service Level Advisor uses a trend-analysis algorithm to proactively maintain service levels. The Service Level Advisor uses a linear-based algorithm and an exponential stress detection algorithm that provide predictive abilities to provide advance warning of breaches of an SLA and facilitate the fixing, optimizing and protecting of IT service elements.
Data specific to defined service level offerings (SLOs) within the Service Level Advisor are rolled from the data warehouse 110 into the SLM Datamart 120. The data rollups consist of delta data so that the impact to the infrastructure from the data transfer is kept to a minimum. The SLM Datamart 120 contains measurement data of how monitored components are doing in comparison to SLOs. The SLM Datamart 120 also contains summary data as a result of service level evaluations. It is the data in the SLM Datamart 120 that is used for Service Level Advisor reporting and trend analysis.
The SLM database 130 stores the definitions of the data sources. For example, IMB Tivoli Distributed Monitoring™ is a data source and within this application, the user has visibility into disk, cpu, memory, network, as well as process monitors. This information becomes visible to the user through the SLM database 130 and is also available as service threshold triggers in the Service Level Advisor. New data source definitions are rolled up to the SLM database 130 from the data warehouse on a user specified interval. It is these components within the SLM database 130 that are used in the building of an order, i.e. a SLA.
The server components that make up the Service Level Advisor solution are the administrative server 140, the SLM server 150, and the reports server 160. These components can reside on a single system or can be distributed. The administrative server 140 facilitates the definition and maintenance of offerings and orders (i.e. SLOs and SLAs), while the SLM server 150 provides the core services monitoring functionality. That is, the SLM server 150 determines when service breaches occur or predicts when they will occur through its trend analysis capabilities and notifies the user.
The reports server 160 within the Service Level Advisor, enables viewing of the data within the SLM Datamart 110. These reports can be pulled up and viewed in an ad-hoc fashion or they can be scheduled. Examples or reports that may be viewed using the reports server 160 include aggregate and summary views of data targeted at the Executive, Customer, and Operations level, reports showing trends towards violations, actual SLA violations, results achieved, as well as SLA components.
Typically, computer resources are allocated to service consumers as the resources are required within the confines of the SLAs and if such resources are available. That is, the SLM systems, such as Service Level Advisor, monitor the demand for computer resources, the current allocation of computer resources, the various metrics representative of the level of service being provided, and the SLA with the service consumer. If the demand is high enough such that the current allocation of computer resources does not provide a level of service in the SLA requirements, as determined from the monitored metrics, and there are available resources that may be allocated, these computer resources are then allocated to the service consumer such that the minimum level of service agreed upon in the SLA is met.
However, the pool of available computer resources is finite and may not be sufficient to meet all the demands of the various service consumers being serviced. For example, if a cluster of servers is the host of a plurality of popular web sites, the demand for bandwidth, processor usage, and the like, in order to achieve the minimum levels of service under each of the SLAs for the various web sites may not be possible with the finite resources available. This will lead to breaches of SLAs with the service provider having to pay a penalty to the service consumer for not having met the minimum requirements of the SLA, or worse—loss of business from the service consumer.
The penalties for breaching a SLA may be significant depending upon the particular service consumer and the agreement reached with them. It would be beneficial to be able to minimize the amount of loss due to breaching of SLAs because of limited available resources. Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved method, apparatus, and computer instructions for weighing the penalties of breaching SLAs to determine a lowest cost alternative for resource allocation.
The present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer instructions for allocating resources based on predictions of service level agreement (SLA) breaches in order to minimize costs. With the method, apparatus, and computer instructions of the present invention, a prediction that an SLA will be breached is received from a prediction engine associated with the SLM system. This prediction may be based upon metrics measured by the service level management (SLM) system, historical information, as well as various prediction algorithms, and the like, as compared to SLA requirements.
Based on a prediction that an SLA will be breached, the present invention performs a minimum cost analysis to determine if computer resources may be shifted from another service consumer under another SLA to facilitate the service consumer of the potentially breached SLA in order to reduce the cost of the penalty associated with breaching SLAs. Such analysis involves determining the costs associated with breaching each SLA currently being serviced by the computer system, the amount of resources that may be diverted from each service consumer to the service consumer whose SLA is predicted to be potentially breached, and the best allocation of resources to service consumers in order to minimize costs due to breaching SLAs. The analysis, in more complex embodiments, may further involve taking into account history information identifying how often breaches of a particular service consumer's SLAs have occurred within a predetermined period of time, "tie breaker" algorithms, e.g., selecting the SLA associated with the most failures, and the like, in order to determine a best candidate service consumer(s) for redirection of their allocated resources to the service consumer associated with the SLA that is predicted to be potentially breached.
For example, assume that if a first SLA is breached, the penalty that may be required under the SLA is $1,000,000.00 per day in damages and under a second SLA, breach will result in $200,000.00 in damages having to be paid by the service provider. The penalty associated with breaching a SLA may be minimized to $200,000.00 by breaching the second SLA instead of the first SLA, resulting in a loss savings of $800,000.00.
The present invention provides automated mechanisms for performing such analysis and provides automated mechanisms for overriding default resource allocation in order to divert resources from a service consumer associated with a SLA selected for breach, and reassigns those resources to the SLA that was predicted as being potentially breached.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in, or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of, the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The present invention provides a mechanism for minimizing losses due to SLA breaches by automatically determining which SLAs to breach and which SLAs not to breach when a SLA breach is predicted to be imminent. As such, the present invention is preferably implemented in one or more computing devices associated with a distributed data processing system, such as the Internet. Therefore, the following description of
With reference now to the figures,
In the depicted example, server 204 is connected to network 202 along with storage unit 206. In addition, clients 208, 210, and 212 are connected to network 202. These clients 208, 210, and 212 may be, for example, personal computers or network computers or personal digital assistants (PDA) devices. In the depicted example, server 204 provides data, such as boot files, operating system images, and applications to clients 208-212. Clients 208, 210, and 212 are clients to server 204. Server 204 may act as an instant messaging server to facilitate the exchange of messages between users at clients, such as clients 208, 210, and 212. Network data processing system 200 may include additional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.
In the depicted example, network data processing system 200 is the Internet with network 202 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone of high-speed data communication lines between major nodes or host computers, consisting of thousands of commercial, government, educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Of course, network data processing system 200 also may be implemented as a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN).
Referring to
Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus bridge 314 connected to I/O bus 312 provides an interface to PCI local bus 316. A number of modems may be connected to PCI local bus 316. Typical PCI bus implementations will support four PCI expansion slots or add-in connectors. Communications links to clients 208-212 in
Additional PCI bus bridges 322 and 324 provide interfaces for additional PCI local buses 326 and 328, from which additional modems or network adapters may be supported. In this manner, data processing system 300 allows connections to multiple network computers. A memory-mapped graphics adapter 330 and hard disk 332 may also be connected to I/O bus 312 as depicted, either directly or indirectly.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware depicted in
The data processing system depicted in
With reference now to
An operating system runs on processor 402 and is used to coordinate and provide control of various components within data processing system 400 in
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware in
The depicted example in
In accordance with the present invention, a server or plurality of server systems, such as server 204, provides information technology services to service consumers. The information technology services discussed herein may take many different forms. For example, the information technology services may be various services that support the establishment and maintenance of electronic business systems. Examples of these information technology services may include services that facilitate the creation and maintaining of web sites, order processing, inventory management, payment processing, database management, data storage and maintenance, and the like.
The service consumers, from the stand point of the services provider, may be, for example, business entities that wish to establish electronic businesses or otherwise make use of information technology services offered by the services provider. Thus, the service consumers enter into agreements with the services provider(s) to establish electronic businesses using the information technology services offered by the services provider. In such a relationship, the service consumers provide the business aspects of the electronic business while the services provider provides the information technology services infrastructure to host the electronic business.
Customers of the electronic business access the electronic business via the network 202 using their client devices 208, 210 and 212, for example. In this way, the customers may obtain the goods and services offered by the business entity via the electronic business that is established using the information technology services of the information technology services provider.
In accordance with the present invention, the information technology (IT) services provider includes a Service Level Management (SLM) system with the (IT) services infrastructure that actually provides the resources for hosting the electronic businesses for the services consumers. The SLM system may take many forms. Preferably, the SLM system includes facilities for monitoring end-to-end metrics for the providing of services to services consumers, comparing those metrics to stored service level agreement (SLA) requirements, and notifying the services provider and/or the services consumers when the SLA requirements have not been met. In addition to these SLM system functions, a prediction engine is preferably provided for predicting whether a SLA requirement breach is imminent.
In a preferred embodiment, the SLM system is IBM Tivoli's Service Level Advisor™ in which a trend analysis is used to generate predictions regarding SLA breaches. Examples of such trend analysis is provided in incorporated U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/672,777 entitled "Real-Time SLA Impact Analysis", filed on Sep. 26, 2003 and incorporated U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/612,190 entitled "Methods, Systems and Computer Program Products for Early Warning of Potential Service Level Agreement Violations", filed on Jul. 2, 2003. While Service Level Advisor is a preferred embodiment of the SLM of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to such and any SLM system that facilitates prediction of SLA breaches may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer instructions for determining how to allocate information technology services resources in the presence of a predicted imminent SLA requirement breach. These resources may be any computer resource that is utilized by one or more services consumers and is allocated to the services consumer's business applications based on a service level agreement. Examples of such computer resources include, but are not limited to, memory, bandwidth, cpu processing time, hard disk space, and the like.
In one exemplary embodiment, the present invention is an improvement on the Service Level Advisor from IBM Tivoli, in which the predictions generated by the Service Level Advisor are used as a basis for the functionality of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to use with the Service Level Advisor and may be used with any SLM system in which a prediction regarding SLA requirement breaches may be made.
The present invention, in response to a prediction of an imminent SLA requirement breach, determines if there are additional available resources that may be allocated to the services consumer's electronic business applications that are being hosted by the services provider. If there are additional available resources, they are allocated to the services consumer's electronic business applications and a determination is made as to whether the additional resources have adequately alleviated the imminent SLA requirement breach. If not, and/or there are no further available resources to provide to the services consumer's electronic business applications, the present invention performs a cost minimization analysis to determine how to reallocate resources.
In order to perform cost minimization analysis, the present invention gathers information regarding the SLA requirements for each of the services consumers whose electronic businesses are currently being hosted by the services provider. In addition, information about the current allocation or resources to each services consumer's electronic business applications is determined. Based on this information, a ranking of the services consumers may be made based on penalty associated with breaching of the SLA requirements.
In addition, a ranking of the services consumer's electronic business applications may be made based on the current allocation of resources. The services consumer's electronic business applications that have a minimum amount of resources that would be necessary to avoid the SLA breach and which has a lowest penalty associated with it, assuming that the lowest penalty is less than the penalty associated with permitting the predicted SLA requirement breach, may then be selected as a candidate for reallocation of its resources. Alternatively, simply the services consumer's electronic business applications that have a minimum penalty associated with them, and which has a lower penalty than that associated with permitting the predicted SLA requirement breach, is chosen as a candidate for reallocation of resources to the services consumer electronic business applications associated with the predicted SLA requirement breach.
Reallocation of resources may be performed in any known manner. For example, the resources may be positively partitioned for use by the services consumer electronic business applications of the predicted SLA requirement breach. Alternatively, relative priorities used for resource allocation between services consumer electronic business applications may be adjusted to favor the electronic business applications of the predicted SLA requirement breach. In addition, rather than reallocating only the resources associated with one services consumer's electronic business applications, this reallocation may be performed with resources from a plurality services consumers' electronic business applications. This may be easily performed by using an adjustment in priorities for resource allocation such that the electronic business applications from which resources are being reallocated are given a lower priority than the electronic business applications associated with the predicted SLA requirements breach.
Thus, with the present invention, the prediction capabilities of the SLM system are utilized to determine when reallocation of resources should be performed. The present invention provides an automatic mechanism for reallocating these resources such that any penalty that may be incurred by the information technology services provider is minimized. This penalty minimization is performed by making a cost minimization analysis to thereby reallocated resources from lower penalty SLAs to higher penalty SLAs.
The SLM infrastructure 500 includes a SLA storage device 520, a SLM system 530, a system performance data storage system 540, an orchestration system 550, and a system resources pool 560. With the present invention, a services consumer enters into a legal contract for the services provided by the services provider. This legal contract is reduced to a machine readable format, such as an extensible markup language (XML) document that is stored in the SLA storage device 520. The machine readable legal contract sets forth the conditions for providing services to the service consumers as well as the payments, penalties, etc. associated with performance and non-performance of the minimum requirements of the contract. This contract will typically include the manner by which compliance will be measured, i.e. the metrics that will be monitored, and the minimum required service levels. For example, the legal contract may set forth the bandwidth requirements, amount of storage space to be allotted, average amount of processing cycles to be allotted, and the like, to the business applications of the service consumer. In addition, consequences of failure to provide these minimum requirements of the legal contract may be provided, e.g., for a first failure to to provide the services contracted for, a penalty of $100,000.00 per day may be payable, for a second failure to provide the contracted services, the penalty may be increased to $200,000.00 per day, for further failures, no payment for services will be required for a designated term, etc. This information may be reduced to machine readable parameters that are stored in an XML document and thus, may be extracted from the XML document. The contract, when reduced to a machine readable form, is referred to herein as a service level agreement (SLA). Generating a SLA from a legal contract is generally known in the art.
The SLM system 530 monitors system performance data that is collected from the services provider system 510 and stored in the system performance data storage device 540. This system performance data that is monitored is compared to the SLA data stored in the SLA storage device 520 to determine if the SLA requirements are being met. In addition, as discussed previously, the SLM system 530 may predict, based on measured metrics, whether a SLA will be breached.
The SLM system 530 preferably communicates with the orchestration system 550 whose purpose is to govern the allocation of system resources from the system resource pool 560. The orchestration system 550 receives demands for additional system resources from the services provider system 510 and, using a default system resource allocation mechanism, allocates additional resources or frees resources to/from service consumer business applications. The orchestration system 550 also receives the results of the comparison of the measured metrics to the SLA data from the SLM system 530 and determines whether to override default system resource allocation mechanisms of the orchestration system 550.
It should be noted that, while
When the SLM system 530 predicts that a SLA breach is imminent, the SLM system 530 notifies the orchestration system 550. The orchestration system 550 determines if there are available system resources from the system resource pool 560 that can be allocated to the service consumer's business applications to avoid the SLA breach. If so, then those system resources are allocated to the consumer's business applications in order to maintain at least the minimum requirements of the SLA that is predicted to be breached.
If there are no available system resources, or if there are not enough available system resources, left in the system resources pool, i.e. the system resources are currently allocated to other service consumer business applications, then the orchestration system 550 determines the best alternative for breaching an SLA which minimizes the penalty to the service provider. In determining the best alternative for breaching an SLA, the orchestration system 550 gathers SLA data for each of the currently active services consumer business applications being hosted by the services provider system 510. The SLA data includes penalty information identifying how much of a penalty will be paid by the service provider when the service provider fails to provide the minimum level of service agreed upon in the SLA.
In addition, the orchestration system 550 may gather current resource allocation information from the SLM system 540 in order to determine how much of the system resource pool 560 is currently allocated to each services consumers' business applications. This information, in combination with the penalty information obtained from the SLA data storage device 520 may be used to determine which services consumer's business applications have sufficient resources to be reallocated to avoid the predicted breach of the SLA and which of these services consumer's have a SLA penalty that is less than that of the service consumer whose SLA is predicted to be in imminent breach. In some instances it may not be possible to reallocate system resources from only one services consumer's business applications in order to avoid the predicted breach. In such cases, it is necessary to take into consideration a combination of services consumer's business applications and their related SLA penalties.
The combination of SLA penalty and allocated system resources is used in a preferred embodiment because it may not be the most optimal solution to reallocate system resources from the lowest SLA penalty service consumer's business applications if such a reallocation will not be sufficient to avoid the predicted breach. In some cases it may be a more optimal solution to reallocated system resources from a services consumer's business applications which are associated with a higher SLA penalty because that services consumer's business applications may have sufficient resources to be reallocated to avoid the predicted breach.
The present invention is not limited to any particular mechanism for determining the optimum reallocation of system resources to reduce the penalties paid by the services provider. Any algorithm that may be devised for determining how to reallocate resources to minimize costs associated with breaching SLAs may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such algorithms may be as simple as identifying the lowest penalty associated with currently active SLAs, may involve a determination based on both penalties associated with active SLAs and the current resource allocations to services consumers' business applications, or even more complex determinations taking into account other factors. For example, historical information regarding previous SLA breaches may be used to determine whether to risk additional SLA breaches by reallocating resources from the services consumer's business applications. Moreover, in the event that the penalty costs associated with two or more SLAs are equal, a "tie breaker" algorithm may be used to select one of the SLAs as the preferred SLA to breach, e.g., the SLA associated with the business applications with the most failures may be selected as a default. In these more complex embodiments of the present invention, expert systems, neural networks, inference engines, or the like, may be employed in order to make the determination as to how to reallocate system resources to minimize the penalties paid by the services provider.
Once a minimum cost or minimum penalty solution is obtained, the orchestration system 550 reallocates system resources from the system resources pool 560 in accordance with the determined minimum penalty solution. In this way, the predicted breach of the SLA, which may have a higher penalty associated with it than breaching other currently active SLAs, may be avoided in favor of breaching another SLA that has a lower penalty associated with it. If, however, the predicted SLA breach is the lowest penalty solution, then the predicted SLA breach may be allowed to occur without reallocating the system resources. Thus, the costs associated with SLA breaches are minimized through the use of the present invention.
It should be noted that while the above description is provided in terms of the optimum breach determination being made by the orchestration system 550, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. Rather, in an alternative embodiment, the SLM system 540 may actually perform the decision making regarding the optimum SLA to breach in order to minimize penalty costs. In such an embodiment, a feedback loop may be provided between the SLM system 540 and the orchestration system 550 such that resource allocation performed by the orchestration system 550 in response to the determinations made by the SLM system 540 may be checked to determine if a desired result is obtained. In this way, the feedback loop may provide a mechanism by which the SLM system 540 refines its determination as to the optimum SLA to breach to minimize penalty costs to the service provider based on system resource allocations made by the orchestration system 550.
As shown in
Assume that the SLM system determines that an imminent breach of the SLA associated with web site A 620 is predicted. The present invention may identify the penalties associated with the other SLAs of web sites B-D 630-650 and identify a lowest penalty SLA to breach instead of breaching the SLA of web site A 620, assuming that there is a lower penalty associated with a SLA other than the one for web site A 620.
In the depicted example, the SLA for web site B 630 has the lowest penalty associated with it. Thus, in a simplified implementation of the present invention, web site B 630 will be chosen as the web site from which system resources will be reallocated for use by web site A 620. In such an embodiment, the orchestration system 550 of
In a more complex reallocation implementation of the present invention, both the penalties associated with the SLAs and the current resource allocation are taken into account when determining from which web site to reallocate system resources. In such an embodiment, while web site B 630 may have the lowest penalty associated with its SLA, the resource allocation to web site B 630 may be not be sufficient that reallocation of these system resources will avoid the breach of the SLA for web site A 620. Moreover, a combination of breaching the SLA for web site B 630 and web site C 640 results in too high a penalty being paid. As a result, web site D 650 may be selected as the web site D 650 from which a system resources are reallocated even though web site D 650 does not have the lowest SLA penalty associated with it.
In yet another embodiment, historical information for web site D 650 may indicate that its SLA has been breached 3 times within the last 20 days. As a result, it may not be desirable to reallocate system resources from web site D 650 and risk the services consumer pulling their business from the services provider. As a result, while web site D 650 may provide the minimum penalty with regard to an SLA breach, the originally predicted SLA breach may be permitted to occur in order to avoid the risk of loss of business from the services consumer associated with web site D 650.
It should be appreciated that, for the sake of simplicity, the above description of the preferred embodiments makes use of fixed penalty values associated with SLAs, however the present invention is not limited to such. Rather, the penalty may be dynamically determined based on a severity of the breach of the SLA, historical information regarding previous breaches of the SLA, current conditions, e.g., time of day, day of the week, holiday schedules, and the like. As a result, part of determining a minimum penalty cost SLA to breach would involve determining what the current or predicted value of the penalty cost for each SLA would be if breached based on the definition of the penalty provided in the machine readable SLA as well as data from other sources, such as historical information regarding past breaches of SLAs. In such an embodiment, the orchestration system 550, or alternatively the SLM system 540, would retrieve additional information necessary to determine the current or predicted value of the penalty for SLAs from other computerized sources.
Accordingly, blocks of the flowchart illustration support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform the specified functions or steps, or by combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
As shown in
A minimum penalty solution is then generated based on the SLA penalty information and resource allocation information (step 750). As stated above, in a more complex embodiment of the present invention, this minimum penalty solution may further include taking into account historical information about SLA breaches in order to avoid risk of a services consumer pulling business from the services provider.
The system resources are then reallocated from services consumers' business applications in accordance with the minimum penalty solution (step 760) and the operation then terminates. It should be appreciated that this process may be repeated in a feedback loop manner in order to continuously make sure that penalties paid by the services provider are kept to a minimum even in the event of SLA breaches.
Thus, the present invention provides a mechanism for minimizing the costs to service providers due to breaches of service level agreements. With the present invention, service level agreements are provided in a machine readable format such that penalty information may be extracted from them, as well as other SLA requirements. These penalties, along with other information, may then be used to determine an optimum SLA to breach in order to minimize penalties when faced with an imminent SLA breach.
It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functioning data processing system, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processes of the present invention are capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable medium of instructions and a variety of forms and that the present invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media actually used to carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include recordable-type media, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a RAM, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and transmission-type media, such as digital and analog communications links, wired or wireless communications links using transmission forms, such as, for example, radio frequency and light wave transmissions. The computer readable media may take the form of coded formats that are decoded for actual use in a particular data processing system.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
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US20050055446 * | Aug 12, 2004 | Mar 10, 2005 | Oracle International Corporation | Incremental run-time session balancing in a multi-node system |
US20050149610 * | Jan 2, 2004 | Jul 7, 2005 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and product for defining and managing provisioning states for resources in provisioning data processing systems |
US20060168203 * | Dec 15, 2005 | Jul 27, 2006 | Phillippe Levillain | Policy rule management for QoS provisioning |
US20060178918 * | Feb 27, 2006 | Aug 10, 2006 | Accenture Llp | Technology sharing during demand and supply planning in a network-based supply chain environment |
US20060242313 * | Jun 7, 2006 | Oct 26, 2006 | Lewiz Communications | Network content processor including packet engine |
US20060293942 * | Aug 28, 2006 | Dec 28, 2006 | Corio, Inc. | Method and apparatus for technology resource management |
US20070038750 * | Aug 10, 2006 | Feb 15, 2007 | Van Drebbel Mariner Llc | Method for providing for Quality of Service (QoS) - based handling of IP-flows in a wireless point to multi-point transmission system |
Reference | ||
1 | IBM Tivoli Management Suite-Guaranteed Service Delivery, 2002 Enterprise Management Associates, Inc., Apr. 2002, pp. 1-10. | |
2 | IBM Tivoli Management Suite—Guaranteed Service Delivery, 2002 Enterprise Management Associates, Inc., Apr. 2002, pp. 1-10. | |
3 | IBM Tivoli Service Level Advisor, http://www-306.ibm.com/software/tivoli/products/service-level-advisor, Feb. 23, 2004, pp. 1-2. | |
4 | IBM Tivoli Service Level Advisor-Predicting Service Level Assurance, 2002 Enterprise Management Associates, Inc., 1 page. | |
5 | IBM Tivoli Service Level Advisor—Predicting Service Level Assurance, 2002 Enterprise Management Associates, Inc., 1 page. | |
6 | Service Level Management Buyer's Guide, 2002 Enterprise Management Associates, Inc., pp. 1-5. |
Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US9367833 * | Jul 14, 2011 | Jun 14, 2016 | Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Data services outsourcing verification |
US9396432 * | May 20, 2011 | Jul 19, 2016 | Nec Corporation | Agreement breach prediction system, agreement breach prediction method and agreement breach prediction program |
US9578362 | Dec 17, 2015 | Feb 21, 2017 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Channel change server allocation |
US20070106797 * | Aug 31, 2006 | May 10, 2007 | Nortel Networks Limited | Mission goal statement to policy statement translation |
US20100125721 * | Nov 2, 2009 | May 20, 2010 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | System and Method for Determining and/or Reducing Costs Associated with Utilizing Objects |
US20130019095 * | Jul 14, 2011 | Jan 17, 2013 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Data services outsourcing verification |
US20130080367 * | May 20, 2011 | Mar 28, 2013 | Nec Corporation | Agreement breach prediction system, agreement breach prediction method and agreement breach prediction program |
U.S. Classification | 709/223, 709/225, 709/226, 705/402, 370/254 |
International Classification | H04L12/28, G06F17/00, G06F15/173, G06Q10/00 |
Cooperative Classification | G06Q10/06 |
European Classification | G06Q10/06 |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Apr 15, 2004 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHILDRESS, RHONDA L.;KUMHYR, DAVID BRUCE;MARIN, EDGAR ALLEN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014520/0907;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040227 TO 20040325 Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHILDRESS, RHONDA L.;KUMHYR, DAVID BRUCE;MARIN, EDGAR ALLEN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040227 TO 20040325;REEL/FRAME:014520/0907 |
Mar 31, 2015 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 4 |
Mar 23, 2016 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: SERVICENOW, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:038218/0384 Effective date: 20160321 |


text:
David Van Allen
Digital Artist
Mayhem # 637787
About MePlease contact me through email, rather than ModelMayhem.
firstname.lastname@example.com I am interested in all areas in modeling, although I prefer the more art, high fashion, and fun/sensual, edgy shoots. I am in these areas reguarly, and looking to network with photographers in: Los Angeles San Diego Miami Fort Lauderdale I would love to do shoots with innovative photographers to create amazing photographs and art work. I am a laid back, easy to get along with. Email me for more information and contact info. CreditsHave you worked with ALEXx Morales? Add Credits for ALEXx Morales! >>Credit Notesnicole- #478244
Anjelica -#587299 lloyd studio- #552478 alex h- #377323 miss morina- #636071 Lists

subset: commoncrawl


text:
"We all had a great Thanksgiving, all the family was together and we had a wonderful time,"
Ashlee Simpson
"The best way to show appreciation for someone's work is to give them ample time to work."
Matt Maldre
"Gratitude is the inward feeling of kindness received. Thankfulness is the natural impulse to express that feeling. Thanksgiving is the following of that impulse."
Henry Van Dyke
"Happiness is the realization of God in the heart. Happiness is the result of praise and thanksgiving, of faith, of acceptance; a quiet tranquil realization of the love of God."
White Eagle
"Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noise unto him with psalms."
"My mother is such a lousy cook that Thanksgiving at her house is a time of sorrow."
Rita Rudner
"Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise: be thankful unto him, and bless his name."


text:
How do I invite my readers to leave comments?Some blog owners think of commenting as the most important way to get new readers.
One of the most seemingly insignificant components of the Blogger template is the link to invite the readers to leave comments. This is not a simple feature - it varies according to where the comment form is placed, and to different language and style decisions.
There are four comment form placement options, for Blogger blogs.
- Embedded.
- Full page.
- Pop up window.
- Dynamic template.
- Main page view (archive retrieval, label search).
- Post page view.
Please, leave a comment!That simple invitation can vary according to the the nationality of the blog owner, and to the nature of the blog.
Blog Language
Comments is an English word. Every blog that's published in a non English language has a different word for "comments".
- en français: commentaires.
- in italiano: commenti.
- en español: comentarios.
- 0 comments.
- 1 comment.
- 2 comments.
Long ago, somebody decided that inviting comments would be easier, if a blog with 0 comments was captioned with "No comments". Then, another grammar expert (lawyer?) decided that "No comments" could be interpreted by some people as "We don't want comments!".
Blog Nature
Then, some blog owners don't like the word "comments", they feel that the word should be changed, to reflect the nature of their blog. For my blog, "Chucks Musings", I would use "musings", instead of "comments" (but with dynamic templates, that option is not yet available). Other blog owners have used "dreams", "introspections", and "wanderings" (to name a few).
Form Placement
One of the most controversial features of comments is the limitation of displaying the individual comments, and the comment form, only beneath the individual posts. On the main page, for all comment placement options, you will see the comment caption "No comments", "1 comment", etc - which then links to the display of existing comments - and to the form to publish a comment.
All existing placement options now display existing comments only beneath the individual posts. With the full page and popup window options, a link captioned "Post a Comment" then leads to the comment form itself.
With the full page and popup window form, for the convenience of the owner and reader, existing comments are displayed there also. And, wherever the comment form is displayed, so must be the hated CAPTCHA form.
The Reader's Language
To further the confusion, some blog features are automatically translated into the readers language - when the reader is logged in to Blogger / Google, and when the reader's login status and Blogger profile can be determined by the blog display. In some cases, the readers location is used.
Sometimes, both the blog owner and reader could read / speak different languages, neither being English. Not every world citizen understands "Please, leave a comment!" - or even "Post a Comment". And some blogs are published in French - and read in both Italian and Spanish.
The Tower Of Babel
The Tower Of Babel is not going away, in this lifetime.


text:
April 17, 2014 - Industry News
The Missouri Department of Transportation has launched the next phase of the Missouri Freight Plan to engage business and local leaders, along with freight and industry stakeholders, in a discussion regarding funding of Missouri's freight infrastructure.
Tags: Infrastructure, Missouri, Highways, Freight, Missouri DOT
April 16, 2014 - Industry News
Anthony Foxx is on the road this week emphasizing the importance of infrastructure funding, with the Obama Administration concerned about the ability to pass a new long-term highway funding authorization before two key deadlines.
Tags: Congress, Infrastructure, Barack Obama, Highway Funding, Highways, Anthony Foxx, U.S. Congress, Highway Trust Fund, Alabama
March 27, 2014 - Industry News
The hearing rooms change but the theme remains the same: Congress must find a way to restore the Highway Trust Fund so it can support a robust, long-term federal highway program. That was the key take-away from state and local officials testifying before the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee on Thursday.
Tags: Highway Funding, Highway Trust Fund, Infrastructure, Congress
March 18, 2014 - Industry News
Plans to build a new bridge over the Columbia River linking Oregon and Washington along Interstate 5 are dead, and there is no indication when and if they will be revived.
Tags: Washington, Oregon, Highway Funding, I-5, Interstate 5, Bridges, Infrastructure
March 4, 2014 - Industry News
President Obama's budget for the Department of Transportation calls for new performance measures and a $10 billion freight program as well as his four-year, $302 billion infrastructure program.
Tags: Budget, U.S. DOT, Highway Funding, Legislation, ATA, Infrastructure, Highways
It won't be easy, but there's at least a glimmer of a way for Congress to come up with money to fund a longer-term highway bill. The Highway Trust Fund is going to run out of money possibly as soon as August, according to the Congressional Budget Office.
Tags: Congress, Highway Funding, Highway Trust Fund, Legislation, Highways, Infrastructure
January 28, 2014 - Industry News
The Missouri Department of Transportation has launched the Missouri Freight Plan, the next step in a process started last year to develop the state's long-range transportation plan.
Tags: Infrastructure, Missouri, Highways, Freight
January 13, 2014 - Industry News
Legislation has been offered up in the U.S. House that backers say will support improvements to infrastructure and transportation in the national freight mobility network through a new tax on freight shipments.
Tags: Congress, Infrastructure, Highway Funding, U.S. House of Representatives, Infrastructure Funding
December 4, 2013 - Industry News
Rep. Earl Blumenauer's bid to raise federal fuel taxes to pay for more investment in roads and bridges drew strong support from a wide range of interests, including American Trucking Associations.
Tags: taxes, Congress, Infrastructure, Fuel Tax, Highway Funding, Infrastructure Funding, Diesel Tax, Gasoline Tax
December 3, 2013 - Industry News
Rep. Earl Blumenauer, D-Ore., will introduce bills to raise federal fuel taxes, index them to inflation and test a vehicle-mile tax. The proposals, which Blumenauer is scheduled to discuss on Capitol Hill Wednesday, come as Congress begins to consider ways to revive funding for U.S. roads and bridges.
Tags: Congress, Fuel Tax, Highway Funding, Diesel Tax, Gasoline Tax, taxes, Infrastructure Funding, Infrastructure
November 19, 2013 - Industry News
Minnesota Gov. Mark Dayton and the Minnesota Department of Transportation have announced ten highway construction projects will receive funding through the state's new $300 million Corridors of Commerce program.
Tags: Minnesota, Infrastructure, Highway Funding, Infrastructure Funding
The upcoming years will be tough for the transportation industry in the United States, FedEx Freight president and CEO William Logue said at the annual National Industrial Transportation League conference in Houston.
Tags: Infrastructure, Highway Funding, FedEx
October 29, 2013 - Industry News
A congressional panel is recommending a comprehensive, multimodal approach to freight transportation with robust, sustainable funding from public and private sources. The bipartisan Panel on 21st Century Freight Transportation unanimously backs more spending on freight infrastructure – but does not take a position on where the money should come from.
Tags: Infrastructure, Government, Infrastructure Funding, House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, Bill Shuster
July 30, 2013 - Industry News
President Obama proposed a tax reform deal that would include a big, one-time investment in infrastructure. In remarks Tuesday at an Amazon Fulfillment Center in Chattanooga, Tenn., Obama said he would support lowering the corporate tax rate from 35% to 28%, and to 25% for manufacturers.
Tags: Infrastructure, Barack Obama, White House, Infrastructure Funding
July 24, 2013 - Industry News
Congress is wrestling with two highway funding bills for the 2014 fiscal year that starts Oct. 1, but only one has gotten an endorsement from President Obama.
Tags: Highway Funding, Infrastructure, Legislation
July 23, 2013 - Industry News
At a hearing on the Highway Trust Fund Tuesday it was clear that the key House transportation committee has some distance to go before it can achieve consensus on how the fund could be made whole, or even if it should be preserved.
Tags: Highway Funding, Highway Trust Fund, House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, Infrastructure, Highways, Infrastructure Funding
July 16, 2013 - Industry News
Work to install the new permanent span for the Interstate 5 Skagit River Bridge in Burlington, Wash., is officially underway, but new delays and detours will happen again in a few weeks.
Tags: I-5, Interstate 5, Washington, Highways, Skagit River Bridge, Infrastructure, Bridges
July 2, 2013 - Industry News
As Americans hit the road for the Fourth of July holiday, they'll be driving on slightly smoother roads, crossing fewer deficient bridges and spending less time stuck in traffic jams, according to think tank the Reason Foundation and its new Annual Highway Report.
Tags: Highway Funding, Highways, Infrastructure
June 17, 2013 - Industry News
A new report says despite some improvements in the past decade, a substantial number of U.S. bridges are still in poor condition. The report from the Government Accountability Office was in response to the May collapse of a bridge along Interstate 5 in Washington state.
Tags: Infrastructure, Infrastructure Funding, GAO, Bridge
June 10, 2013 - Industry News
The Senate Commerce Committee Monday night approved the nomination of Anthony Foxx to be Secretary of Transportation, while the committee named Mark Warner to take over a key transportation subcommittee from the late Frank Lautenberg.
Tags: Infrastructure, U.S. Senate, U.S. DOT
May 30, 2013 - Industry News
Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood announced the members of the National Freight Advisory Committee, which will provide advice and recommendations aimed at improving the national freight transportation system.
Tags: U.S. DOT, Freight, MAP-21, Infrastructure
May 28, 2013 - Industry News
Washington Gov. Jay Inslee has announced a plan to replace the collapsed portion of the Interstate 5 bridge over the Skagit River near Mt. Vernon after it was damaged by a truck hauling an oversize load on Thursday, closing a section of the route.
Tags: NTSB, I-5, Interstate 5, Bridge, Washington, Infrastructure
May 23, 2013 - Industry News
UPDATED -- A bridge along Interstate 5 in Washington state partially collapsed Thursday evening, closing part of the route. Authorities are blaming it on a truck pulling an oversize load but the company says it has the proper permit to use the route.
Tags: Infrastructure, Washington, Highways, I-5
April 17, 2013 - Industry News
The U.S. House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Chairman Bill Shuster (R-PA) and Ranking Member Nick J. Rahall, II (D-WV) have announced the members of a special panel tasked with examining the current state of freight transportation in the United States and how improving freight transportation can strengthen the economy.
Tags: Infrastructure, Highways, U.S. House of Representatives, MAP-21
April 10, 2013 - Industry News
President Obama's proposed budget for the 2014 fiscal year that starts Oct. 1 drew harsh criticism from the American Trucking Associations and the Diesel Technology Forum. ATA took issue with the budget's infrastructure funding, while the Forum took aim at a cut in funding for emissions-reduction programs.
Tags: ATA, Barack Obama, Infrastructure, Infrastructure Funding, DERA, Alternative Fuels & Hybrids, Emissions, Diesel, Diesel Technology Forum
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App Lets Users Test Suspension from a Phone
Ancra Launches Line of Safety Gear


text:
Through Heaven's Door Paperback
by Patricia M Rahn;
Stock available
If you're buying for a church, school or business, why not Buy Now Pay Later?
Find Out MoreThrough Heaven's Door
Full Product Description
"When one accepts telepathy as an established fact, which it is, it is easy to accept the beautiful and comforting companionships expressed through the writing of this author, with human consciousness which resides 'on the other side'."-Robert Neil Boyd, Ph.D. American Scientist, Doctor of Philosophy
"I enjoyed reading and contemplating the information contained in Through Heaven's Door. The book struck a cord. I gained a reassuring sense. Certainly this is what I glean from our religious philosophies, and from the down-to earth transmissions contained in this book."-Judd Hamilton,Singer, Songwriter, Inventor, Father and Grandfather
Through Heaven's Door by Patricia M Rahn was published by iUniverse in October 2007. The ISBN for Through Heaven's Door is 9780595437498.
Reviews of Through Heaven's Door
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Details for Through Heaven's Door
Page last updated | 28th March 2017 |
Author / Artist | Patricia M Rahn |
Book Format | Paperback / softback |
Publisher | iUniverse (October 2007) |
Weight | 118g |
Number of Pages | 72 |
Thickness | 4 mm |
Height | 229 mm |
Width | 152 mm |
Product Code | 4297299 |


text:
Low calorie, low fat egg breakfast muffins
View Single Post
Hi there!
Join Date: Sep 2010
Posts: 910
S/C/G: Ticker
Height: 5' 5"
Low calorie, low fat egg breakfast muffins
I've been meaning to post this for a while. It's a pretty decent recipe, I think.
I found a different recipe online that I based mine off of. I didn't have a lot of their ingredients, so I substituted.
Makes 3 muffins (and all 3 of them are only 190 calories)
1/4 cup plain yogurt
3 tbsp Parmesan*
1/4 cup oat flour**
~1/2 tsp baking powder
dash salt
1 egg white, beaten
1 tbsp almond/soy/dairy milk
1/2 strip turkey bacon
1 chopped green onion
Garlic and onion powder to taste
Preheat the oven to 400 degrees.
Grind 1/4 cup oatmeal in a food processor or coffee grinder until a flour-like consistency (a few second should do). Cook the bacon until it's pretty crispy, and then chop it into tiny bacon bits. Beat the egg white in the bowl and then add all other ingredients. Mix until combined.
Measure into 3 well-sprayed cupcake tins (I used cupcake wrappers). Bake for about 21 minutes, or until done in the center.
They're good hot or not.
*I use the powdery Parmesan. It might work with grated, but I haven't attempted it.
**I don't eat much flour, so I use ground oatmeal. You can probably use regular flour, though. I haven't tried it, but it should work.
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Tuffy Stone is a classically trained French chef, television personality and accomplished pitmaster who can be considered the most successful guy on the competitive barbecue circuit over the last few years. He is a judge and host on the Destination America reality television show BBQ Pitmasters since 2009. Tuffy is the head cook on the team Cool Smoke and co-owns four Q Barbeque restaurants in Richmond, VA. He recently opened a fifth restaurant, Rancho T, in April 2015. Before his success on the competition barbecue scene, Tuffy was best known as one of the premiere caterers in Virginia as the co-owner and proprietor of A Sharper Palate Catering, a top rated catering and events firm in Richmond. He has earned Grand Champion titles in nearly every major barbecue competition on the circuit. In 2013 Stone took home two World Champion titles while only cooking eight contests and he followed up in 2014 with another World Championship title, winning the American Royal Open. That year he also won 1st Runner Up at the Houston Live Stock and Rodeo World Championship, and took 2nd place in ribs at Memphis in May. Tuffy has won contests all over the country, including back to back wins at the American Royal World Series of Barbecue, Grand Champion at 2013 Jack Daniels World Championship Invitational, and First Place in Whole Shoulder at the 2010 Memphis in May World Championship to name a few. Most recently, Tuffy took home the top prize in competition barbecue, winning Grand Champion at the 2015 Kingsford Invitational.Team Members: Chief Pitmaster Tuffy Stone, George Stone (Tuffys Father), and occasionally his wife, friends & others.
2015 Jack Daniels Invitational Barbecue World Championship: Grand Champion 157 Contests |
Opened in spring of 2015, Rancho T is a Latin-inspired restaurant in the heart of Richmonds Fan District. Drawing inspiration from the desire to highlight foods from the Americas, partners Tuffy Stone and Ed Vasaio sought to open a dining destination with great beer, quality menu offerings and a friendly, inviting atmosphere. Utilizing local artisans for wood and metal work, Rancho T features 85 seats and a custom 6-beer tap. Menu items include sweet corn tamales, wings and a wide craft beer selection. The restaurant is located at 1 N. Morris St., Richmond Va., and is open from 11 a.m. to 11 p.m. Monday - Thursday, from 11 a.m. to 2 a.m. Friday & Saturday, and 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. on Sunday. For menu options and more information, please call 804-355-2418, and connect with us on Facebook. Coming off huge success in the competition barbecue circuit, Tuffy Stone opened Q Barbeque in Richmond, Va., with the intention of serving better barbecue for everybody. Q Barbeque combines unique, award-winning flavors and an inviting atmosphere. Stones passion for outstanding barbeque while competing has translated into the thoughtful way he prepares his meat and utilizes the smoke to bring out the true flavor at Q Barbeque. Mouthwatering meat isnt the only thing Q Barbeque boasts; guests get a taste of authentic, down-home comfort food with side dishes and desserts including corn pudding straight off the cob, pineapple hot dish, hush puppies, banana pudding and a variety of homemade pies. Q Barbeque has grown to a total of four locations in Virginia, including Midlothian, Glen Allen, Short Pump and Hull Street. All four restaurant locations are open daily from 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. For more menu and location information, visit the Q Barbeque website or connect on Facebook or Twitter. In 1993, three partners met at a converted doughnut shop in Richmond, Va. envisioning bringing an upscale, expertly-crafted catering service to the area. Spearheaded by Tuffy and Leslie Stone, A Sharper Palate has developed to one of the largest catering companies in Richmond. Mission-driven, the company focuses on quality, fresh ingredients and exceptional customer service. In addition to beautifully prepared food and beverages, A Sharper Palate can curate any element of an event from the décor to tenting, rentals, staff and entertainment. For menus and pricing, visit A Sharper Palate Events & Caterings website and join the conversation on Facebook and Twitter. |


text: Marriage ceremony ceremony and even occasion is such a necessity for most people nowadays. There are a lot of firms that present some packets of wedding ceremony event. The Wedding Banquet Halls In Los Angeles could also be in lots of kinds. People might discover many decorations for his or her wedding ceremony ceremony or the marriage occasion with a lot of guests. Marriage ceremony venue is expounded to thr decoration of the place. There some kinds of the decoration or the marriage venue. All the things and parts within the ceremony must be appropriate in the whole as a result of the marriage venue is an important and the basic thing for a wedding event. All the things within the wedding ceremony event will comply with the concept of the marriage venue. So it may be said that the firt thing that needs to be though is the marriage venue, what sort of wedding ceremony venue that might be taken by the bride and the groom.


text:
Thursday, July 28, 2011
The Pine Cone Bandit
Newest discovery today... pine cones.
Every time I've taken Finnley out today he casually walks out, does his business, then casually explores, then out of no where I see him take off. I knew exactly what he had grabbed. Now he was making a run for it to the house. I let him munch on it for just a few minutes because I don't think it's smart to let him chew on it and get those tiny pieces stuck in his throat. He sure looks funny carrying it around though. Such a cutie.
Let's see what else is on my mind... OH! I would like to get Finnley a buddy. I think he'd love to have a buddy to play with and what not. I love Corgis and reading all these blogs about Corgis I see a trend. They all have 2 corgis. I really would like to get another but the cost is kind of high. It would be really awesome to have a red one or cardigan. What are some pluses to having 2 corgis? I'd like to really consider this.
4 comments:
Haha, I think Gibson likes pine cones too, but we do not have many around our yard for him to chew on.
I am a one dog at a time kind of girl. I just feel like 2 would be too much! Especially if you ever need someone to watch them. Plus, it means 2 vet bills, twice as much food, and more difficult walks! That is just me though :)
P.S. Just saw you graduated from Columbia College.. In Chicago, I assume? I went to the Illinois Institute of Art there :) We used to joke that we had a rivalry w/Columbia. Are you in the Chicago area now? Maybe someday we could meet up and have the corgis play!I did graduate from Columbia College Chicago! After I graduated I moved back home because I needed to save up money. So, I am not in Chicago now, I live about 3 hours south. I do go up there a lot though. I'm thinking about moving back up there when I have more money. I wish I lived closer because I bet our Corgi's would love to play! They seem to act a lot alike from what I've read in your blog. Maybe we can plan a visit sometime. Finnley loves the car.
As for getting another corgi, I know I say I want another, but in all reality it would be so much work and really expensive. I'll never be able to move out! haha I'll just have to "oodle" over puppy pictures and snuggle up with my buddy. He's growing so fast though! I wish he'd stay a little guy forever! I'm excited for him to get past the chewing stage though.
Any who!
I hope you and Gibson have a great weekend!LOL! My Dozer does the same thing with gas - except you will hear this little Pfffft and he will look around as though he has no idea where it came from! LOL!
I feed Dozer Canidae dry food. It was recommended to me by other corgi owners who say it is one of the best foods to keep the weight off corgis. You always want your boy to have a waist. One pound on a corgi is like ten pounds on a person!
Love your blog, you go girl! I am originally from St. Charles, IL so I know Peoria!


text:
Small Greeting Card | Large Greeting Card | Postcard |
4" x 6" | 5" x 7.5" | 4" x 6" |
In 1988, the Bicentennial of the discovery of Australia by Cook, there was a significant surge in nationalism and a love of all things "Australiana". One of my clients of the time was renovating a mansion, Wingrove, in Hunters Hill and requested a recreation for their front door of an early NSW State Coat of Arms, made prior to Federation.
australiana decorated glass traditional leadlight jeffrey hamilton stained glass coat of arms
australiana decorated glass traditional leadlight jeffrey hamilton stained glass coat of arms
Theres a lot of work there and the detail is impecable well done x
you're right, there IS a lot of work in this one. the painting and silver staining deosn't really present much of a problem to my, I enjoy doing it, but acid etching is a bitch. one has to get totally kitted out in a space suit and concentrate fully on the task until it's done. Highly dangerous technique and one I don't use very often because of that. In fact it's comercially banned in Australia now
Loading more work by Jeffrey Hamilton...


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Author | Content |
r_a_trip Jul 12, 2013 8:37 AM EDT |
Mir is nowhere near ready. For now it is just a barely working shim underneath X.org and X.org is still rendering everything. Only the final picture (pre-rendered by X.org) is what Mir throws on the screen. Even Unity(7) itself is still X11 dependent and also runs on this X-on-Mir shim. Ubuntu users are in for a world of pain. |
Posting in this forum is limited to members of the group: [ForumMods, SITEADMINS, MEMBERS.]
Becoming a member of LXer is easy and free. Join Us!


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text:
55 + [3]pp., 12mo. Frontispiece engraving of Quaritch, with facsimile of his signature. Bound in card boards covered in pink fake vellum paper printed in gold. In good condition, lightly aged, in lightly worn covers. Limitation leaf completed in manuscript, with this copy no. 134 of 255, with pencil signature of 'Ed. Heron Allen', presenting the book to ' Gottschalk'. Introduction by George Clulow, President. Note at end by 'B.?[ferdinand?]>
29pp., 16mo. Nicely printed with nine plates. In brown card wraps, with the following on the cover: 'Mediaeval Pilgrims' Badges | Privately printed opuscula issued to members of ye Sette of Odd Volumes | No. XC'. 'Imprimatur' preceding title, signed by 'Frederick Keal' and 'Tancred Borenius', states that this is copy 11 of 199. Good copy, in lightly-worn wraps. Uncommon.
47 + [1] + [11]pp., 16mo. Internally in good condition, lightly aged, in worn grey printed boards with wear to spine.On cover: 'Privated Printed Opuscula issued to the Members of the Sette of Odd Volumes. | No. XIII. | Coloured Books for Children.' No. 167 of a limited edition of 255 copies, signed by 'Charles Welsh', and with recipient's name erased. Hand-coloured frontispiece. Pp.27-47 carry 'A Catalogue of the Coloured Books for Children; Past and Present.' The last eleven pages contain a 'Bibliography of Odd Volumes' and 'List of Members'. Five copies on COPAC.
ONE: Invitation. Tastefully printed in red and black on one side of an 11.5 x 15 cm piece of card. The club's monogram in a red square in top left-hand corner. Headed: 'YE SETTE OF ODD VOLUMES | United once a month to form a Perfect Sette | Object: Conviviality and Mutual Admiration.' The form, which has not been filled in, invites the recipient to one of the Tuesday meetings at the Imperial Restaurant, No. 7 Glasshouse Street, Regent Street. In envelope with circular 'Odd Volumes' device in red on flap.
43pp., 16mo. Well printed, in grey printed wraps. In good condition, lightly-aged. Facing title-page is Moir's signature in presentation to Frederick Keel, with his numbering of the copy 12 of 177. Hand-coloured title-page and vignettes. Foreword by Moir dated November 1938. Doublepage plate between pp. 22 and 23: 'Bird's-Eye View of Sebastopol'. No copy at the British Library, and only three copies on COPAC.
One: 'Ye 390th Meeting of Ye Sette of Odde [sic] Volumes, holden at Ye Imperial Restaurant (Oddenino's) on Tuesday, ye 30th daie of October, 1923.' 4pp., 4to. Bifolium on shiny art paper. In fair condition, with light signs of age and wear. Stylish caricature portrait of chairman Sir William Arbuthnot Lane ('Chirurgeon') on front cover, with two amusing small vignettes. TWO: 'Ye 415th Meeting of Ye Sette of Odd Volumes, holden at Ye Royal Adelaide Gallery (Gatti's) on Tuesday, ye 22nd daie of June, 1926.' 4pp., 8vo. Bifolium on shiny art paper.
Printed on one side of a piece of wove paper, folded twice to make a card of 4pp., 4to. In good condition, lightly-aged and spotted. Low's 10 x 8.5 cm illustration is on the cover, and is rather uncharacteristic in its lightness of touch. Nor is the layout of the cover in the usual 'Sette' style, rather harking forwards to the 1940s. Cover states: 'His Oddshippe Sir Harry Trelawney Eve (Chaplain) in ye Chair'.
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Kenne Bell 3.6 Supercharger with extras
Selling my 3.6 Kenne Bell Blower with extras. Selling the motor as well. Bought an Avalanche and an Aprilia RSV4.
PLUS... - 8 Rib Belt and Pulley Upgrade with all accessory and drive pullies INCLUDING 10% overdrive supercharger harmonic balancer. - 8 Mototron 80# Fuel Injectors for BIG power and safety - Upgraded Aeromotive High Flow Fuel Rails (for up to 2000hp applications) - Cold Air Intake - ZR1 MAP sensor - SCT Handheld tuner and Tune Files by BOTH SCT and HP Tuners - 2 Blow off/Bypass Valves (stiff spring for motors with a cam, soft spring for motors without) - ALL boost pulleys included (4", 3.75", 3.5", 3.25", 3", 2.75") - Turnkey Performance 8 Rib Tensioner Kit with pullies (you will NEVER need to convert to the 10 rib setup, ever) - ACT HDSS Clutch / SPEC Aluminum Flywheel $4600 FIRM PIC of the kit http://flic.kr/p/dNMEcg Contact me: Aeric Cannon (951)217-4534 email@example.com I rarely check the thread so either PM me, text or email me. Thanks |
How much rwhp is the Kenne putting out?
Everything needed for setup included?
hmm, has anyone heard anything from this guy? I emailed and texted, and no response... must not be interested in selling after all
This sold on ebay. http://www.ebay.com/itm/181110938362...ht_3492wt_1171
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Welcome to Gunnersbury! We are a Bible-believing church in Chiswick, West London. We believe that God has spoken to us through his Son Jesus and that this is the most important message for West London and the world. Because this is good news for everyone, and because church is a family, you'll find something here for all ages.
MORE...We're not just about Sundays. All sort of things take place during the week. They vary in what they do but everything has the good news of Jesus at their heart.
MORE...You'll find a lot of information by looking around our website. Please feel free to get in touch (see the 'contact us' page) or, best of all, come and meet us in person at one of our Sunday services.
MORE...Have a look at the people who help to lead Gunnersbury. Of course the team in a church is everyone, but it can be useful to be aware of certain people and what their roles are.
MORE...We all need a smaller scale context in which to get to know each other and grow in discipleship. Click here for details of our Discipleship Groups and others.
MORE...A central part of Gunnersbury is our Bible teaching. We want it to be accessible, Bible-centred, and with the expectation that our hearts would be changed. You can access old and new Sunday sermons here.
MORE...A reading Christian is a growing Christian, as long as you're reading good stuff! Here you'll find reading related to our Sunday teaching series, along with a range of other good resources.


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Dotson's 25 Points Lift as Houston Rallies Past UConn, 75-70
Adams Leads UConn to 65-62 Comeback Win Over Memphis
UConn Women Cruise To Record-Tying 90th WinTop-ranked UConn tied its own NCAA record with its 90th consecutive win, routing No. 20 South Florida 102-37 on Tuesday night.
Joe D's Notebook: The End Of The RoadFor all but one team in the NCAA tournament, the season ends with disappointment. The end for the UConn Huskies came Saturday night in Des Moines when they were knocked out by Kansas 73-61 in Round Two of the South Region.
Joe D's Notebook: Taming The BuffaloesThe motto of the NCAA tournament is survive and advance. That is exactly what the UConn Huskies did Thursday afternoon in round one of the South Region against Colorado.
Joe D's Notebook: A Wild Weekend In O-Town23 miles north of Walt Disney World, the Amway Center is the new Magic Kingdom for Husky Nation. That's where the 2016 UConn men punched their ticket for the NCAA tournament with three wins in three days at the American Athletic Conference Basketball Tournament.
UConn Huskies 9th Seed In The SouthThe UConn Huskies will dance in March. The Huskies are seeded 9th in the South region of the 2016 NCAA Basketball Tournament.
Up first for the Huskies 8th seeded Colorado Buffaloes out of the PAC 12 Conference. They will play Thursday in Des Moines
The UConn Huskies Win AAC TournamentThe UConn Huskies made sure they were going to get a ticket to the NCAA Tournament by winning the AAC Tournament in Orlando, FL.
The Huskies defeated 6th seeded Memphis 72-58.
Joe D's Notebook: Running Over The BullsI didn't know what to expect in Tampa. The UConn men played so poorly in Cincinnati , I didn't know if there would be a hangover. And watching USF tear up Memphis, I thought the Bulls would present a stiff challenge. Wrong , wrong , wrong.
Joe D's Notebook: Random ThoughtsSo the big four game stretch is over for the UConn Men. Two wins, both at home, two losses, both on the road. Now time for some thoughts.
Joe D's Notebook: No DeJa VuThe Huskies played good, sometimes great basketball for the majority of both games. But not for a full 40 minutes, not even for 35.
Joe D's Notebook: Temple Of Dome, Chapter TwoIt looked for the longest time on Thursday night that the UConn men would get their biggest four game stretch of the season off to a successful start. But then, it changed and in the end, it was a demoralizing 63-58 loss.


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| Introduction to Environmental Engineering |
34 new or used available from $25.96
Average customer review:(32 customer reviews)
Book Description
Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 4/e contains the essential science and engineering principles needed for introductory courses and used as the basis for more advanced courses in environmental engineering.
Updated with latest EPA regulations, Davis and Cornwell apply the concepts of sustainability and materials and energy balance as a means of understanding and solving environmental engineering issues. With 650 end-of-chapter problems, as well as provocative discussion questions, and a helpful list of review items found at the end of each chapter, the text is both a comprehensible and comprehensive tool for any environmental engineering course.
Standards and Laws are the most current and up-to-date for an environmental engineering text.
Book Details
- Amazon Sales Rank: #595729 in Books
- Brand: Brand: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math
- Published on: 2006-10-03
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.70" h x 1.80" w x 7.20" l, 3.75 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 1024 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Editorial Reviews
About the Author
October 1997-No school address or affiliation.
Customer Reviews
Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Great buy and won't break the bank for college students ...
By Amazon Customer
Ordered the international version because why pay $200 when you can get the exact same book in black and white for $20. This book is the exact same as the Hardcover book as I have gone to bookstore and compared to my international version. Great buy and won't break the bank for college students at $25 with free prime 2 day shipping.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Environmental Engineering text
By GeoStud
This is an excellent textbook for anyone taking an introductory graduate level Environmental Engineering course. For what the professor doesn't mention in the lecture, the textbook will give you. Also, the authors have a creative way of presenting the material, not to mention a sense of humor. I highly recommend this textbook. Oh, did I mention I used this textbook for a graduate level introductory envr. engr. course, and I'm not even an engineer. Awesome text,... if that's possible?!
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Good and bad.
By wendy rivero
Long long descriptions. Useful equations and awesome FE preparation exercises. Would love it if it had a section of Summary Equations... Not enough practice examples on the book. Diagrams are easy to understand, which is awesome. International version is very similar to normal US version, and lighter to carry around on a college backpack for sure... I would not have chosen this book to study from, that's for sure though, unless you are into tedious explanations and not finding things easily.


text:
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Micro USB ac charger
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text:
Decatur, AL Tennessee River/Wheeler Lake Map
near decatur, al
View Location
For boating navigational information and river road travel along the Tennessee River. This section is also Wheeler Lake that is formed by a dam on the Tennessee River
See an error? Report it.
recreation, boating, rivers, tennessee river, canoeing, navigation, river maps, charts, marinas, islands0 Comments
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text:
My Content
Membership has its privileges! Sign up or sign in to gain full access to both All About Jazz and Jazz Near You. Learn more.
Track Listing: Freddie Awaits The Sleepers; Low Impact Critter; St. Bruno's Preview; Whaticism; The Sea And Space; St. Bruno's Review; Eyedrop; St. Bruno's Purview.
Personnel: Cory Wright: tenor saxophone, Bb clarinet; Evan Francis: alto saxophone, flute; Rob Ewing: trombone; Lisa Mezzacappa: bass; Jordan Glenn: drums.
Date | Event | Time |
Apr9Sun |
Noertker's Moxie & Social Stutter @ Simm Series
Simm Series @ Musicians' Union Hall San Francisco, CA |
7:30 pm $10-15 |
Apr22Sat |
Philip Greenlief
Bird & Beckett Books and Records San Francisco, CA |
May9Tue |
Neighborhood Session With Lisa Mezzacappa
The Back Room Berkeley, CA |
6:00 pm $10 |


text:
Reviews - The Marlborough Head Inn
Mill Lane,, Dedham, CO7 6DH
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
17% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
an old village pub in need of a lot of upgrading
the toilet has not seen any bleach for weeks the bottom of the toilet base was grey/black
Very old building but could still do with a bit of TLC
When booking did not say without breakfast provided by a cafe across the road
The Marlborough Head Inn
The room had not been cleaned.carpet needed hoovering and bins needed emptying.
No breakfast was provide.we were told the tea rooms opposite had a special arrangements but this was not the case.we would not stay again
Read More Less
Room was freezing cold and really awful dirty carpet, the bathroom was filthy and shower head had mould so couldn't even have a shower after , bedding was as thin as a sheet of paper.
If you like tomato soup go for the chicken curry as that's what it tasted like with bits of chicken
Read More Less
Very good
The room was very good.
The bathroom was a bit small without a window but only because it was a sectioned off corner in a listed building. We had a lovely time and woukd stay there again.
Read More Less
My stay at The Malborough Head
I stayed overnight for business in Ipswich the next day.
The pub could benefit from a refit and the sign outside is wonkey .The room was average but ive stayed in worse. But what really bugged me was having my tyres sabotaged overnight in the carpark. All four tyres punctured, it had sunk to the floor. Every vehicle in the carpark was the same. Cost my company £500. I reported the crime to the local police but with no CCTV nor a witness it would be difficult to solve. Not a happy teddy.
Read More Less
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- 1
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Somewhere in the 2nd or 3rd paragraph? This "science article" became so dumb I thought it was a parody! But no! The NYT (apparently) churns junk like this out on a daily basis.
How did the harnessing of fire hurt human evolution? ZERO! Without fire we'd still be eating bugs & berries, and leopards would feast on our kin.
Notice the "shocking" correlation (they claim) between tuberculosis and fire... some 330,000 years apart... this is the result of Common Core education, I'm positive.


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Derby Eve Jam® at the Waterfront Jam: GRYFFIN (DJ Set)
Friday, May 5, 2017
Admission to this one-of-a-kind show is free with a 2017 Pegasus Pin. STAY TUNED for concert act information as it's released.
The Kentucky Derby Festival Waterfront Jam will include live music on two stages at Kroger's Fest-a-Ville featuring over 30 local and regional bands and 7 national acts beginning Thursday, April 27. Admission to all concerts will be FREE with a 2017 Pegasus Pin. Details of all the concert acts will be released in the coming weeks. Kroger's Fest-a-Ville is open from Thursday, April 27, to Friday, May 5. Fest-a-Ville and Chow Wagon Hours are 11 AM – 11 PM, except Sunday 12 PM – 11 PM.


text:
Bus from Schongau to Wolverhampton and return
Find cheap coach tickets for your bus journey from Schongau to Wolverhampton and back
You want to travel for less? You're looking for an intercity bus route from Schongau to Wolverhampton? Have a look on our website, we'll help you catch the intercity bus route ideally suited for you. Compare all the routes, durations, times, prices and comfort features on CheckMyBus and decide for yourself, which provider you'll choose in the end. is currently offering its services on this route.
Find out more details about the service on your bus from Schongau to Wolverhampton and return
These are the possibilities for your onward journey
Here's a selection of possible connections for your onward journey. Simply click on the one of your choice and you'll find all the details about your bus route!
Coach connections
- Schongau ↔ Augsburg
- Schongau ↔ Wuerzburg
- Schongau ↔ Rothenburg ob der Tauber
- Schongau ↔ Fuessen
- Schongau ↔ Landsberg am Lech
- Schongau ↔ Halblech-Buching
- Schongau ↔ Steingaden
- Schongau ↔ Schwangau
- Schongau ↔ Bad Mergentheim
- Schongau ↔ Weikersheim
- Wolverhampton ↔ London
- Wolverhampton ↔ Brighton
- Wolverhampton ↔ Birmingham
- Wolverhampton ↔ Blackpool
- Wolverhampton ↔ Bristol
- Wolverhampton ↔ Manchester
- Wolverhampton ↔ Aberystwyth
- Wolverhampton ↔ Bournemouth
- Wolverhampton ↔ Manchester Airport
- Wolverhampton ↔ Hamilton
International coach connections


text:
You missed it This great deal for Ramona Golf Lessons is over. But don't despair, we've got more great deals every day.
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90-Minute Long Game or Short Game Swing Analysis with Range Balls and Lesson Video
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