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Hey everyone... like so many of you, I too have been having the 'typical' battery problem that so many have reported with iBooks. if you can view the image I've attempted to attach, you'll see my xbattery curve. Click Here The first problem was it wouldn't charge at all, so I performed the open firmware (Cmd-Opt-o-f) commands reset-nvram and reset-all, and that got me charging again. it was after this that I began running the xbattery app. So, as you can see, it would charge from 0% to around 25%, then immediately jump to 100%, as many are experiencing. Discharging, the reverse, from 100% to around 75% in an hour or so, then jumping to sleep and 0%. multiple cycles seemed to make the problem worse, rather than better, when I wondered..."what if the battery isn't actually dead, the iBook just thinks it is, and chooses to go to sleep because of it?" so, with the power plugged in for a few seconds, I revived osx, and immediately unplugged it again (with the battery still at 0%). as long as i kept the mouse moving around the screen constantly, it stays awake for a while longer. if you stop the mouse movement, or try to open an app, it goes back to sleep. after repeating this again and again, it became apparent that there was still a significant charge left in the battery, even though it reported 0%. Next step, I removed the battery, and connected to an ohmmeter to test voltage. I was still reading 11+ volts DC from the battery, so I found a halogen licht bulb, and quick-and-dirty wired it to the left-most and right-most connectors on the battery. I have no idea which of the 6 connectors on the battery were which, so I just guessed and tried 2...it's from these I was reading the 11+ VDC. so, I connected up the halogen, and it lighted. I know this is a fairly high-drain bulb, but I have no idea what the specs are, but I connected it, and it's still lit after 2+ hours now. I'm wondering...if there's this much charge still left in the battery, will depleting it completely, as evidenced by the bulb eventually going out, allow me to charge "completely" from "true 0%"? We shall see. It is my hope that unlike resetting the nvram, pram, or else which has seemed to have little effect, that this may do something? it can't get much worse than where I was before I started all of this, so we'll see. Any thoughts?
So Far So Good... So, I finished depleting the battery with the lightbulb. It took quite a while, nearly 4 hours. Anyway, once dead, I placed it back in my trusty iBook, and plugged in the power, and booted. the battery would not charge. LED on the powercord was green, and unchanging. Well, friends, I've been here before. Shutdown, and rebooted into open firmware, running reset-nvram, followed by reset-all. System booted, and is now charging. so, it's been 2 hours of charging now, and it's STILL charging, unlike before, where it jumped to 100% after charging to only 21% or 32%, it's still charging at 42%...so, looks like it's at least better than before. I'll check back in a few hours.
...continued well, that got me to a charge of 50% before jumping to 100%, which is better than I had been experiencing, but not as good as I had hoped...so, I'm going to try it again. Discharging now, we'll see how long it goes..
If the ibook is under a year old or if you have a warranty, you should call apple care to have them send you a replacement battery.
I have a similiar problem with my PB battery. it charges fine, but when you get dow to 30% or below, while running on battery, itll just shut off. no warning or nothing. It really sucks. I've tried what you tired. I drained the battery completely dead, then recharged it, took forever, but I did it. Still no luck. I ended up buying a new battery. That worked for about 3 months. Now were back to the guessing game. Hope you find a solution. What is this booting into open firmware you speek of? ihave yet to try that.
continued... Firstly, my battery is indeed old, and no under any sort of apple care anymore. I would totally expect a reduced work timespan for this battery, considering its age, but my problem is this: After draining to 0% again, I removed the battery again, and connected back to the lightbulb. it's burning brightly once again, dispite the iBook claiming it's dead. there's clearly power here that the ibook simply won't recognize. What to do? does anyone have a working knowledge of the innards of these batteries that they can inform me about? specifically, is there some sort of "chip" inside that may be bad? I ask, 'because I wonder if getting a brand new battery would really fix things, as if the ibook is not interpreting the battery's charged state correctly (it's clearly got considerable juice left, even while the ibook says otherwise), why should I assume it'll interpret the state of a new battery correctly? hmmmm...anyone??
Open Firmware for Koodauw Open Firmware, accessed by pressing cmd-option-O-F during, or immediately after the 'startup chime' a multitude of things can be performed, command line, but best not to mess with that which you do not understand. nvram reset, however, is 'reset-nvram' (without the single quotes) followed by: 'reset-all' (again, sans quotes) the system will reboot, and if you have the problem of the battery not charging at all, may take care of it. I've read reports of it working sometimes, and not others...I'm sure, dependent on the root cause of the problem. for anyone keeping up with this thread, I'm still (after 3 or so hours) discharging via the lighted bulb...so there's CONSIDERABLE juice left in this battery, even though the ibook states 0%. I think I need a higher-drain bulb, this is getting tedious.


text: Originally Posted by HighOnLife Well soon i'll be getting this board so right now I like 5 fins. Oh, and when you buy a superbrand board, all the fins come free. just checked their website, look like nice boards but, too bad they don't make a board for anyone over 150 lbs or 15 years old

subset: commoncrawl


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Is your Windows 10 PC's hard drive or solid state drive filling up fast? Do you want to find out all files that are taking up the most space on your drive? Want to quickly search for all large files on your PC without the help of third-party software? In this guide, we will see how to use the File Explorer in Windows 10 to quickly search for large files.
Search For large files in Windows 10 using File Explorer
There are a few free utilities out there to find out what's eating up the valuable space on your PC. While anyone can use these disk space analysers, why use a third-party software when you can use the built-in File Explorer's search in Windows 10 to quickly find out large files?
The File Explorer's search in Windows 10 is better than ever. It has many advanced filters to quickly find out files that you are looking for. The best thing is that you don't need to remember or search the web for these filters as the File Explorer now shows all these advanced filters under the Search tab.
The File Explorer search in Windows 10 can be used to search for large files. In fact, you can find out files of any size using the built-in search. For instance, you can all files greater than 1 GB or 2 GB in size.
Using File Explorer to search for large files in Windows 10
Here is how to search for large files using File Explorer search in Windows 10.
Step 1: Open the File Explorer. Navigate to the drive or folder where you want to search for large files.
Step 2: Click on the search field to see Search tab.
Step 3: Click the Search tab to see all search related settings and options.
Step 4: Here, click Size and then choose one of the filters. As you can see, it offers a total of seven filters: Empty (0 KB), Tiny (0-10 B), Small (10-100 KB), Medium (100 KB – 1 MB), Large (1-16 MB), Huge (16- 128 MB), Gigantic (>128 MB).
If you select Gigantic (>128 MB) filter, the File Explorer will automatically search for all files with more than 128 MB size.
Now, what if you want to search for all files greater than 500 MB size? Simple. In the search field, type size:>500MB to see all files greater than 500 MB. Similarly, use size:>1GB to find all files greater than 1 GB.
Finally, to find out all files with more than 1 GB but less than 5 GB (you can set any size), simply type size:>500MB<5GB in the search field. Of course, you can change these values!
Also check out our how to make Windows 10's File Explore look like Windows 7.


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I'm going to just come right out and say it. This week sucked. Big time. If I had to measure on a scale of one to ten, one being Sunshine and Kittens and Ten being eaten alive by a shark while the Sheriff of Amityville looks on in mute horror, I would have to go with an eight.
"It's Mega Maid sir! She's gone from suck to blow!"
Nothing seems to have fallen into place.
Nothing clicked, clacked or clucked for that matter. I feel like I have been trapped in an alternate universe where I am even less cool than I am in my normal dimension.
And that's not saying much.
It's August here in the Northern Hemisphere so it goes without saying that no matter where you are it's a good bet that it's hot outside. I live in Florida so, yeah, it's frakkin hot. The week started out with my AC unit going on the blink. Yes. Lovely. Thank you Mister AC. So nice of you to take a sick day during the hottest month of the the year. By the time I get home, the gorgeous Florida sunshine has turned my house into an oven. 89 degrees outside, 94 inside.
Don't you just love it when your home is properly insulated? I know I do. I won't complain because I have a home and a lot of folks don't. But it is hot.
And eventually I will get it fixed. Right now it's just an inconvenience. If that was the only goofy thing that happened this week, I would not be so damn whiny.
And yeah, I am really whiny. I hate being whiny.I want to kick my own ass when I am whiny. My car started to act up too. And it has never done that before. Turns out, the battery was the culprit. Dead. It's sad really, the battery seemed so young, so full of life. It caught us all off guard. It wasn't sick, looked healthy as a horse. Sometimes life can be cruel.
Frustration after frustration.
In the mood for Chinese food?
You have to settle for Pizza.
On second thought, no pizza for you either! You get crackers.
And water.
And a wedgie.
You make one small comment about sucker punching Monday and the whole week goes all Bananas on you. Tuesday tripped me up, slapped the books out of my hand. Wednesday tried to help out but really, it's too neutral, doesn't like to get involved in weekday shenanigans. Thursday, my buddy, stepped up only to get whacked upside the head with a pipe wrench.Out cold.I woke up today with an achy back, a twangy hamstring, tied to chair in a dark room with a single light bulb overhead and Monday laughing sinisterly in the background. This won't end well. Oh, and a roach crawled across my desk. First the mice leaving little poops all over the place and now a German Cockroach?
Oh. Hell. No.
That is the last straw my friend. Time to put an end to the shenanigans. Monday, please allow me to introduce you to my good friend Friday. The door explodes inward, showering me and a suddenly nervous Monday with splintered fragments. Moving with the speed of a cobra, sporting facial hair that Chuck Norris could only dream of, Friday whirls into action.With a vicious roundhouse kick that reverberates like thunder rolling over the low hills of Appalachia, Friday ends Monday's hold on the work week and send it hurtling into next week where it will no doubt return, lurking in the shadows like the pestilent little demon it is.
That's okay. I'm not afraid.For every Monday there is a Friday to defend us.
And today is Friday.


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Do White Magic in New York, NY
In light and in love, enter! My name is Phelan, I am a white witch and root worker located in Atlanta, GA. I have clients from all over the world and have worked with them in New York, NY or Denver, CO, magic knows no boundaries for it to bring magical change to your life; magic is energy capable of reaching anybody, anywhere; therefore, where you live in conjunction with me is unimportant, but if you live in Atlanta we can arrange a meeting for a consultation or a psychic reading. Simply create an account to contact me online or call me at 678-918-3333, I can also assist you with return a lost love, reunite with your soulmate or attract a new love altogether.
We have helped clients in the following cities: New York, NY, Denver, CO and Memphis, TN. We provide them with assistance on Do White Magic, Do Witch Craft and even Do Witchcraft. If you are needing help do not hesitate to call or create an account.
Connecting with a client's energy during a psychic reading I can gain great insight about their life path.
Please feel free to give me a call at 678-918-3333 Mon-Fri from 1-9 pm EST or create an account to discuss your situation in a private manner, again it doesn't matter if you live in New York, NY or in Denver, CO, I work with people from all over the world, magic has no boundaries; therefore, I can be of assistance to you regardless of my location and yours .
Blessed Be, Phelan
Do White Magic | Come To Me Spells | New York, NY


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Social Change and Modernization
Chapter 16 of Society: The Basis, Eleven Edition, by John J. Macionis.
Prepared by:
Sociology 120
Professor Charlotte Fan
University of Phoenix
Due Date 04/24/2012
Social Change is the transformation of culture and social institutions over time (Merton, 1968). A key feature of social change is that it is constant and just about everything in life is subject to change. Social change is sometimes intentional but often unplanned. An example of this can be seen with the unforeseen impact certain inventions had on society such as cars and airplanes. Social change is controversial. Some inventions are celebrated by some while condemned by others. Some social changes are more significant than others, such as cars and planes as opposed to hair and clothing styles.
Mothers Against Drunk Driving is an Alternative Social Movement because they target a small group of people displaying a specific behavior. Alcoholic Anonymous is a Redemptive Social Movement because they help certain people redeem their lives. The Civil Rights Movement is a Reformative Social Movement because they seek limited change in society yet target all of society as participants in their movement. The Communist Party is a Revolutionary Social Movement because their aim is to transform all of society and gain exclusive control of a government.
Modernization is the process of social change begun by industrialization. The key features of Modernization are a decline in small, cohesive communities where each person had a defined place, usually identified by kinship. Modernization caused people to see their lives as an unending series of options where they were able to take control of their lives instead of feeling that their lives were shaped by forces beyond their control (Britannica, 2012). Modernization changed societies where strong family ties and religious beliefs emphasized conformity and discouraged...


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Written on: 30/07/2014 by guWare213 (1 review written)
Went with this company as I too thought being in Australia and initially receiving prompt responses to my queries. The advisor was very quick to send me a paypal invoice and assure me it would be express posted. After paying on Wednesday and not recieving by Friday I questioned her. No response only that she will give me the tracking number "soon".
It is now 7 days later, the tracking number I received was a FAKE, no responses to my FB messages or emails or no answer on the mobile number given.
I was told they would arrive today, nothing! No responses either.
This business should be reported and she needs to be stopped. This is by far the worst experience I have had and I am disgusted in www.clip.com.au
Written on: 05/08/2014
I am experiencing the exact same thing as you. I was told delivery would be 1-2 days, it has now been a week. I will be reporting this company if I have not received my order by the end of the week. The most disappointing thing is the extensions were a present for my daughters birthday today.
Written on: 19/09/2014
Pls contact me ladies let's take this further.
As rated by our community of reviewers
" I'm in love with it " Read More
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" 100% EXCELLENT " Read More


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This is the second comedy made by director Adolf Winkelmann about societal dropouts in the Ruhr industrial valley. Katlewski (Delle Quandt) has an acerbic way of pinpointing the buttoned-down minds of fellow workers who conform without question to their class-imposed parameters. Katlewski has had it with his wife who cannot let any neighbor surpass her in material gewgaws, and he has had it with his job as a coal miner as well -- quitting one day by just walking out. To survive, he finds odd jobs...more
All Jede Menge Kohle cast + crew photos


text: Dupione Silkworm Slippers 79,057pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit VisualEditor History Talk0 Share In-Game Examine Window Dupione Silkworm Slippers other resources EQ2U · LootDB · EQ2LL · ZAM · Census xml Dupione Silkworm Slippers LEGENDARY LORE NO-TRADE +20 str +12 agi +12 sta +155 power +325 vs elemental Leather Armor (Feet) Mitigation 235 Level 60 (Tier 7) Fury, Monk, Warden Obtain: Reward for quest Girding Up for Battle (Leather) from a fine leather pattern dropped from City Guild Raids What does this information mean? Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Equipment Leather Armor (Equipment Type) Feet (Inventory Slot) Equipment pages with existing default images Legendary Equipment Elemental Resistance (Equipment) Tier 7 Equipment Fury Equipment Monk Equipment Warden Equipment Articles missing itemlink Add category Cancel Save


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The desire for money, a perfect life and a perfect partner, can drive a man to take drastic steps to alter his situation. Bay Imaan Mohabbat, is an interconnected story abut the lives and decisions that people take, in search of wealth and an envious lifestyle. be it lying to your loved ones, cheating your wife, making false promises, or sowing seeds of distrust between a married couple. all of the actions have dire consequences, that effect all of those involved
Published on May 11, 2014
Title: Bey Imaan Mohabbat Episode 15 ARY Digital - May 11, 2014 Drama Name: Bey Imaan Mohabbat Season: 1 Channel Name: ARY Digital Cast Saba Qamar Adnan Shah Tipu Laila Zuberi Agha Ali Uzma Hassan Samiya Mumtaz Nauman Ejaz Writer: Amir Raza Director: Kashif Nasir and Sohail Imran


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Social Marketing as a Tool to Apply Conservation Psychology for the Implementation of Systematic Conservation Plans in the Eastern Cape, South Africa Angelika Wilhelm-Rechmann, Richard M. Cowling
What is Conservation Psychology?
What is Social Marketing ? The application of commercial marketing technologies to the analysis, planning, execution, & evaluation of programs designed to influence the voluntary behaviour of target audiences in order to improve their personal welfare and that of their society. In short: Use marketing FOR SOCIAL BENEFIT instead of commercial gain
What is Social Marketing ? The application of commercial marketing technologies to the analysis, planning, execution, & evaluation of programs designed to influence the voluntary behaviour of target audiences in order to improve their personal welfare and that of their society.
What drives human behaviour? BEHAVIOUR AttitudesKnowledge Values Beliefs Culture Economic factors Political factors Awareness ? ? Habits Social factors ?
How does marketing tackle this? Define and strategically choose one key behaviour Segment "the market" (target audience) Find out the core barriers – empathise! And the benefits !! Competitor analysis Formative research THEN: Elaborate strategy Perpetuate & Evaluate
Using Psychology- Strategy Most effective channel for message Commitment: Foot-in-the-door technique Group dynamics Prompts Norms Communication !!!
Application in the Eastern Cape Key behaviour: LUP's to use Biodiversity maps Segmentation: LUP's!, local/provincial, capacitated, training, … Barriers: overworked, influence, no perception of responsibility Benefits: compliance, time, status Competitors: habits, econ. development Strategy:
Summary Behaviour is core for implementation Social marketing is a practical and strategic approach to influence behaviour Available and applicable to individual conservation projects Systematic, flexible approach Proven success in health policy (UK!!)
Ana Rodrigues, "Are Global Conservation Efforts Successful ?" Science Vol 313, 8/06
Abstract A number of systematic conservation plans (SCPs) encompass the Eastern Cape Province. However, local municipalities rarely integrate the SCP-products in their land use planning and decision making processes. To enhance the implementation of the SCPs, social marketing is used to persuade local land use planners to meaningfully integrate the maps in their work processes. Social Marketing is a tool that explicitly targets the voluntary behavior of individuals and groups. It relies on techniques developed by commercial marketing and switches the perspective from the conservationist's to the one of the land use planner. Based on psychological and sociological instruments, the various barriers to as well as possible benefits of the desired behavior are investigated and subsequently strategically addressed. Social Marketing has been used successfully in the health domain and for environmental behaviors like recycling. The ongoing project presents an instance of applying conser- vation psychology to enhance conservation implementation where the legal and cultural contexts have proven insufficient to address biodiversity loss.
Ref's Cartoon Nr 1996-11-10 by Mark Parisi from www.offthemark.com www.offthemark.com Illustration by Ana Rodrigues, "Are Global Conservation Efforts Successful ?" in Science Vol 313, 8/06 "It's our health!" UK national review of health-related campaigns and social marketing in England, available at www.nsms.org.ukwww.nsms.org.uk Allan R Andreasen, Doug McKenzie-Mohr
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Bracknell Central South neighbourhood
Your neighbourhood
Local priorities - 'You said, We did'
The following priorities have been identified by the community and the police:
You said: Speeding on the Jennetts Park estate
You have said that there has been a problem with motorist speeding around the new Jennetts Park estate especially noticed in the vicinity of the primary school and community centre.
We did:
We have conducted "Speed Watch" campaigns along with staff from partner agencies, using a speed indication sign and recording detail of vehicles travelling at excess speed. This hasn't been speed enforcement so no tickets or fines have been issued, however the few offenders have since been identified and given appopriate warnings. The speedwatches however also revealed that most perceived speeders were in fact travelling within the speed limit.You said:
You said that residents are concerned by drug dealers using the Bill Hill area and the Downshire Way/ Crowthorne Road underpass, Easthampstaed.
We did:
Officers have increased their patrols in and around these areas, stop checking supects, leading to a reduction in reported incidents.You said: Local pupils shoplifting in Birch Hill
Local pupils were shoplifting in Birch Hill
We did:
We worked with the school and businesses and have reduced offencesYou said: Mopeds riding erractically
Mopeds riding erractically on the pavements in Great Hollands
We did:
We identified the riders and issued them Section 59 warningsYou said: A local resident in Easthampstead
A local resident in Easthampstead was involved in drug dealing
We did:
We obtained a three month closure order on their flat
These are being dealt with by your neighbourhood policing team in partnership with residents and other agencies. Progress will be reported in the Neighbourhood updates.
Neighbourhood updates
Have Your Say events
Meet your local neighbourhood officers, in person or online, to have your say on policing priorities and concerns in your local area.
Find out more about Have Your Say meetings.
No meetings are currently scheduled
Neighbourhood officers
Inspector Dave Bryan
Sergeant Helen Kenny
PC James Hillman (Easthampstead / Wildridings)
PC Jon Wildridge (Great Hollands/Jennetts Park)
PC Alex Gresty (Easthampstead / Wildridings)
PC Adam Marks (Birch Hill)
PCSO Joanna Hughes (Birch Hill and Hanworth)
PCSO Ellen Wood-Griffiths (Great Hollands/Jennetts Park)
PCSO Jack Shearing
PCSO Abigail Langley (Easthampstead / Wildridings)


text:
Coffeehouse Thread
20 postsNew Blue Badge at Microsoft Australia or Not?
Back to Forum: Coffeehouse
eagle wrote:
An_Angel wrote:
What do you think boyz?
Ross has just confirmed something that we have suspected for some time now....
I haven't. But would it matter if I had? So quick to judge, so slow to understand.
It's common knowledge that England invented homosexuality and that most Brits are gay and have been for centuries. Still, no word from blowdart about the challenge.
Comments closed
Comments have been closed since this content was published more than 30 days ago, but if you'd like to continue the conversation, please create a new thread in our Forums, or Contact Us and let us know.


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Felix Fähnrich and Carsten Thein
Felix Fähnrich and Carsten Thein teach mathematics, physics and natural sciences and technology at the Wilhelm Hausenstein Gymnasium (WHG) in Durmersheim.
Their goal is to make the subject of mathematics accessible to students through a modern, motivating approach. It is particularly important to them that their students can work independently, organise their own work during their lessons, have enough time to practice and do not shy away from difficult exercises.
Workshops by Felix Fähnrich and Carsten Thein
Workshop 1: Use of explanatory videos. More lesson time with the "Flip the Classroom" method
Flip the Classroom – we turn teaching upside down. Students acquire the theoretical foundations of their subjects at home and at their own pace with our explanatory videos. In the classroom, students practice with different methods and exercises, and the knowledge taught in the videos is expanded, supplemented and connected.
We present this concept in depth, illustrate it using concrete examples, and discuss the different types of explanatory videos and their use in a classroom context. We further explore the option of actively involving the students in the learning process by allowing them to create their own explanatory videos.
Workshop 2: Conceptualisation and creation of explanatory videos using tablets
Explanatory videos are already a part of the everyday lives of many students. They use www.youtube.com to learn about cooking, cosmetics and computer games. In a school context, on the other hand, explanatory videos have played a relatively minor role up to now. They offer a wide range of possibilities, such as the 'Flip the Classroom' method, the creation of videos by the students themselves, or the selective use of individual videos to repeat, differentiate and prepare lesson content.
This training uses the cross-platform software 'Explain Everything' (Windows, Android, iOS) to show how explanatory videos can be created quickly and easily.
The workshop focuses not only on the technical aspects of video creation, but also conveys the general conceptualisation and structure of explanatory videos.
At the end of the training, every participant should be able to take home their very own explanatory video. Tablets are provided for all participants as part of the workshop.


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Tuesday, February 2, 2010
New Site of Vegan Interest
21 comments:
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text:
- January 25, 2017
- Recruiting Events
John Ballew, Consultant, conducted a resume workshop for a group of students from Harvard Medical School's course on Healthcare, Innovation, and Commercialization. In addition to John, representatives from Biogen, Third Rock, and Propel Careers participated to provide feedback to students on how best to position their experience and market their strengths. Putnam is proud to also
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text:
Publication number | US4303068 A |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 05/882,111 |
Publication date | Dec 1, 1981 |
Filing date | Feb 28, 1978 |
Priority date | Feb 28, 1978 |
Publication number | 05882111, 882111, US 4303068 A, US 4303068A, US-A-4303068, US4303068 A, US4303068A |
Inventors | D. Allen Zelman |
Original Assignee | Rensselaer Polythechnic Institute |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (40), Classifications (10) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
The present invention relates to artificial kidneys which perform the four functions of the human kidney. It maintains a water balance, acid-base balance, electrolyte balance, and removes nitrogeneous wastes, such as urea and creatinine. All of these functions generally involve the transfer of relatively small molecules having a molecular weight of less than 160 daltons.
It has been found that with extended dialysis, patients who have these molecules maintained at physiologically normal levels become afflicted with neuropathy, a nervous system disorder associated with kidney failure. It is believed that there are uremotoxins having molecular weights between 300 and 2000 daltons, which may be responsible for the illnesses. This range of molecules, the so-called "middle molecules", are generally not removed in significant quantities in prior art dialyzing techniques. Previously, low flux membranes, having ultrafiltration coefficients of less than 20 ml m-2 hr-1 mmHg-1 and reflection coefficients of about zero for solutes up to a molecular weight of 300 daltons, were utilized with transmembrane pressures of 50 mmHg or greater. The relative low porosity of the low flux membrane limited the ultrafiltration (water loss from the patient's blood) to acceptable levels. The high transmembrane pressure was necessary in order to achieve a reasonable level of dialysis in the single pass systems.
One alternate approach is to utilize a closed loop dialyzing system with a high flux membrane, having an ultrafiltration coefficient of at least 20 ml m-2 hr-1 mmHg-1 and reflection coefficients of about zero for solutes up to a molecular weight of 2000 daltons. Because the dialysate has a fixed volume which is merely recirculated past the dialyzing membrane, and the dialysate is relatively incompressible, there will, of necessity, be little or no ultrafiltration across the dialyzing membrane. Unfortunately, because the fixed volume (generally 70 liters) of the dialysate is not much larger than the patient's "fluid compartment" (the volume of cellular and blood liquid which retains the uremotoxins, in a human about 40 liters), the final concentration of uremotoxins, if a complete concentration balance were obtained between the patient and the dialysate, will be relatively high. Furthermore, because a patient is on a dialysis machine for a relatively short period of time, the solutes never equilibrate and, thus even higher levels of uremotoxins remain in the patient after dialysis. Although this system has the capability for removing some "middle molecules" while controlling ultrafiltration, the system has a very low efficiency for the removal of the more conventional small molecular weight solutes.
Clearly, if a high flux membrane were utilized in a conventional open loop dialyzer, with conventional transmembrane pressures, on the order of 50 mmHg, an excessively high ultrafiltration rate would result, preventing the patient from being connected to the dialyzer for the required period of time.
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of operation which will permit removal of "middle molecules", the conventional small solutes, and at the same time, have a very low ultrafiltration rate.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a modification for existing dialyzers to permit removal of "middle molecules", as well as a high efficiency for the removal of small solutes, and effective control of ultrafiltration.
The above and other objects are achieved in the method of operating a single pass dialyzer with a high flux membrane at a very low transmembrane pressure. In a preferred embodiment, transmembrane pressure on a distensible membrane is regulated by controlling the output flow of dialysate, such that transmembrane pressure is very low throughout the dialyzer.
A modification to existing systems requires only a differential pressure sensor for sensing transmembrane pressure and a pressure control means responsive to the sensor which has the effect of regulating transmembrane pressure in a single pass dialyzing system.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a single pass dialyzer operating in the cross-current mode;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a modified dialyzer operating in the co-current mode.
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate like parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1 shows a dialyzing membrane 10, which is shown in a distended state. It will be clear that the membrane is sealed to the dialyzing chamber 12 around its periphery so as to restrict the flow of fluid from the blood portion 14 to the dialysate portion 16 to flow only through membrane 10.
Blood from the patient to be dialyzed is applied to blood inlet 18, passes under membrane 10, and exits chamber 12 through blood outlet 20. The dialysate is applied through dialysate inlet 22, passes over membrane 10, and out the dialysate outlet 24. FIG. 1 shows what is considered to be a cross-current dialyzing system which is characterized by non-parallel flow of the blood and dialysate supplied to the membrane 10. An example of co-current, or parallel blood flow, can be seen by reference to FIG. 2.
Because the blood inlet pressure is determined by the patient's blood pressure, arterial conditions and connection, and the blood output pressure is determined by the venous condition and connection, it is generally not considered acceptable to attempt to control blood pressure on membrane 10. In a single pass hemodialysis system, dialysate is supplied to the membrane 10, and is, then, drained off to be disposed of. In prior art dialyzers, because the dialysate was drained off, there was very low dialysate solution pressure which caused a relatively high transmembrane pressure, in many instances 100 mmHg or more. In the present invention, the dialysate solution pressure is maintained at a higher level because of the restriction on dialysate output flow caused by clamp 26. Thus, by restricting the flow through the dialysate outlet 24 by increasing the pressure of clamp 26 on the outlet line, the dialysate solution pressure in the dialysate portion 16 of chamber 12 can be raised to a level approaching the blood pressure in blood portion 14 of the dialysis chamber 12. The dialysate solution pressure is never raised above the blood pressure, such that, in the event of a membrane rupture, blood will always flow into the dialysate solution, and prevent the flow of dialysate into the patient's body. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a differential, or transmembrane, pressure indicator 28 is depicted, which senses the difference in pressure between blood portion 14 and dialysate portion 16 of chamber 12.
During operation, the patient would be connected in conventional fashion to the dialyzer which has been equipped with a high flux membrane 10. Dialysate flow through the dialyzer chamber 12 would be initiated in a normal manner, and the operator would gradually restrict the dialysate output flow by tightening clamp 26. When the transmembrane pressure drops to indicate the acceptable level of ultrafiltration for the patient (generally between 0 and 30 mmHg), adjustment of the clamp 26 would be terminated. The operation of the high flux membrane 10 will permit passage of "middle molecules", with a size on the order of 300 to 2000 daltons, at a rate so as to significantly reduce the level of such middle molecules in the patient. Unlike the closed loop system, because fresh dialysate is entering the dialyzing chamber all the time, the maximum clearance (or rate of solute transfer across the membrane) will be maintained at a high level because of the great solute concentration difference between the dialysate and the patient's blood. However, the ultrafiltration of the patient will be maintained at a very low level because of the low transmembrane pressures involved. Thus, not only is there an effective removal of conventional small molecular weight solutes (metabolites such as urea and creatinine which have molecular weights less than 300 daltons) with precise control of ultrafiltration of the patient, but there will also be a significant removal of middle molecules, which combination has heretofore been impossible.
Tests have indicated that dialyzers operating in the co-current mode will be most effective with the inventive method of dialyzing patients. Because there is some pressure drop between the blood inlet 18 and the blood outlet 20 (and, similarly, between the dialysate inlet 22 and dialysate outlet 24), if membrane 10 is freely-mounted (that is, restricted around its periphery), it will distend, such that the transmembrane pressure is essentially equal at all points on the membrane. Thus, while there may be a pressure drop between the input and output, the membrane will distend, such that the transmembrane pressure (between the blood and dialysate) will be constant. This is believed to indicate that a dialyzer operating in the co-current mode, as in FIG. 2, will be most effective.
FIG. 2 also discloses an automated transmembrane pressure regulation system which will greatly facilitate the operation of a dialyzer in accordance with the applicant's inventive method. A means for maintaining transmembrane pressure is shown in the dotted line block 32 of FIG. 2. This may include a means for sensing transmembrane pressure, such as pressure sensor 30, which provides an output 34 to pressure control means 36, which controls the actuation of dialysate outlet valve 38. In operation, if the pressure sensor 30 senses a transmembrane pressure which is higher than the decided optimum amount for that patient (generally between 0 and 30 mmHg), it will provide an output 34 to pressure control means 36, which will close outlet valve 38 by a small amount. This has the effect of restricting the outlet flow of the dialysate, causing the pressure in dialysate portion 16 to increase, more closely approaching the higher pressure in blood portion 14, and thus, reducing the transmembrane pressure to the required level.
Although the invention has been described relative to a specific method and apparatus embodiment thereof, it is not so limited, and many modifications and variations thereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of hemodialysis in light of the above teachings. For example, a mechanical system could be utilized to actuate the output valve. Other possibilities include electronic sensors to monitor and record transmembrane pressure, as well as provide the required output to the pressure control means. Varying flow rates of bllod and dialysate can be utilized, depending on the individual patient's needs. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the operation could either be monitored and controlled manually, or automatically. As the required high flux membranes are improved, it may be medically acceptable to have a transmembrane pressure of zero, or even slightly negative (dialysate solution pressure greater than blood pressure), although this would depend upon membrane technology, ensuring that there can be no ruptures in the membrane which would cause contamination of the patient's blood with dialysate solution. It will be clear that the applicant's method of utilizing a single pass dialyzer with a high flux membrane at very low transmembrane pressures can easily be modified to provide a brief period of high transmembrane pressure (by adjustment of pressure control means 36) in order to rapidly ultrafilter a patient initially and, then, later continue dialysis at a very low ultrafiltration rate. This process has been found beneficial for patients suffering from blood pressure anomalies. Thus, the applicant's method and modification of existing single pass dialyzers will facilitate a step ahead for hemodialyzers which provide the gift of life to patients suffering from renal failure.
It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Cited Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US2365457 * | May 21, 1940 | Dec 19, 1944 | Hornkem Corp | Dialysis |
US3515275 * | Mar 13, 1968 | Jun 2, 1970 | Bowman Donald B | Hemodialysis method and equipment |
US3585131 * | Apr 24, 1969 | Jun 15, 1971 | Becton Dickinson Co | Pleated memberane exchange device |
US3598727 * | Apr 7, 1969 | Aug 10, 1971 | Willock Charles B | Artificial kidney |
US3619423 * | Apr 20, 1970 | Nov 9, 1971 | Us Health Education & Welfare | Cascade dialysis apparatus and method |
US3795318 * | May 26, 1972 | Mar 5, 1974 | Dow Chemical Co | Control of ultrafiltration rates during hemodialysis with highly permeable membranes |
US3864248 * | Apr 13, 1972 | Feb 4, 1975 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Pressure modulator for an artificial blood circuit |
US3926797 * | Mar 15, 1972 | Dec 16, 1975 | Rhone Poulenc Sa | Separation apparatus using ultrafiltration |
US3946731 * | Jul 31, 1974 | Mar 30, 1976 | Lichtenstein Eric Stefan | Apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood |
US4013564 * | Mar 17, 1975 | Mar 22, 1977 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Multipurpose metabolic assist system |
DE2334230A1 * | Jul 5, 1973 | Jan 23, 1975 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Einrichtung zur entfernung harnpflichtiger stoffe aus dem menschlichen blut |
Reference | ||
1 | * | "Measurement of the Transmittance Coefficient Spectrum . . . " Green et al., Transactions A.S.A.I.O. vol. 22, 1976, pp. 627-633. |
2 | * | "Response to rapid removal of I.M. Weight Solutes in Uremic Man", Silverstein et al., Transactions A.S.A.I.O., vol. 20, 1974, pp. 614-621. |
Citing Patent | Filing date | Publication date | Applicant | Title |
US4412553 * | Jun 25, 1981 | Nov 1, 1983 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Device to control the transmembrane pressure in a plasmapheresis system |
US4493693 * | Jul 30, 1982 | Jan 15, 1985 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Trans-membrane pressure monitoring system |
US4559034 * | Dec 12, 1983 | Dec 17, 1985 | Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc. | Line for use in body fluid treatment |
US4568327 * | Feb 27, 1984 | Feb 4, 1986 | Universite De Sherbrooke | Method and apparatus for the removal of gases physically dissolved by dialysis in the blood |
US4586920 * | Jul 9, 1984 | May 6, 1986 | Peabody Alan M | Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method |
US4650458 * | Jun 7, 1985 | Mar 17, 1987 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Apparatus for the measurement of fluid flow |
US4710164 * | May 1, 1984 | Dec 1, 1987 | Henry Ford Hospital | Automated hemodialysis control based upon patient blood pressure and heart rate |
US4718890 * | Mar 17, 1986 | Jan 12, 1988 | Peabody Alan M | Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method |
US4746436 * | Dec 15, 1986 | May 24, 1988 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Membrane plasmapheresis apparatus and process which utilize a flexible wall to variably restrict the flow of plasma filtrate and thereby stabilize transmembrane pressure |
US4747822 * | May 2, 1986 | May 31, 1988 | Peabody Alan M | Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis system and method |
US4750918 * | May 28, 1985 | Jun 14, 1988 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Selective-permeation gas-separation process and apparatus |
US4789468 * | Aug 28, 1984 | Dec 6, 1988 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Immobilized-interface solute-transfer apparatus |
US4861485 * | Mar 28, 1988 | Aug 29, 1989 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hemodiafiltration device |
US4892518 * | Dec 4, 1987 | Jan 9, 1990 | Biocontrol Technology, Inc. | Hemodialysis |
US4921612 * | Jun 15, 1988 | May 1, 1990 | The Trustees Of Stevens Institute Of Technology | Asymmetrically-wettable porous membrane process |
US4968432 * | May 18, 1988 | Nov 6, 1990 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Treatment of liquid including blood components |
US5057226 * | Jul 20, 1990 | Oct 15, 1991 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Treatment of liquid including blood components |
US5194145 * | Jul 13, 1987 | Mar 16, 1993 | William F. McLaughlin | Method and apparatus for separation of matter from suspension |
US5693008 * | Jun 7, 1995 | Dec 2, 1997 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Dialysis blood tubing set |
US5711883 * | Sep 27, 1995 | Jan 27, 1998 | Fresenius Usa, Inc. | Method for testing dialyzer integrity prior to use |
US5738792 * | Sep 6, 1994 | Apr 14, 1998 | Baxter International Inc. | Method for separation of matter from suspension |
US6030359 * | Dec 11, 1996 | Feb 29, 2000 | Northgate Technologies Inc | Apparatus and method for delivering fluid flow to a surgical site |
US6302864 | Sep 17, 1999 | Oct 16, 2001 | Northgate Technologies, Inc | Apparatus and method for delivering fluid flow to a surgical site |
US6527735 * | Apr 27, 2000 | Mar 4, 2003 | Renaltech International Llc | Method of peritoneal dialysis |
US6558340 * | Jun 17, 1999 | May 6, 2003 | Valemont Participation Corp. | Dialysis machine, in particular for home use |
US6863821 | Feb 2, 2002 | Mar 8, 2005 | Baxter International Inc. | Shear-enhanced systems and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood |
US7182867 | Jan 26, 2005 | Feb 27, 2007 | Baxter International Inc. | Shear-enhanced systems and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood |
US7494591 | Apr 12, 2007 | Feb 24, 2009 | Baxter International Inc. | Shear-enhanced systems and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood |
US7597666 * | Jul 29, 2002 | Oct 6, 2009 | Stanley Frinak | Access pressure ratio device and testing method |
US8348850 | Sep 29, 2009 | Jan 8, 2013 | Henry Ford Health System | Method of monitoring dislodgement of venous needles in dialysis patients |
US8961789 | Dec 18, 2008 | Feb 24, 2015 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis |
US8974394 | Jan 7, 2013 | Mar 10, 2015 | Henry Ford Health System | Device and method for detecting irregular placement of an extracorporeal vascular access needle |
US20020167875 * | Apr 10, 2002 | Nov 14, 2002 | Jia-Shing Sheu | Optical disk drive with adaptive compensator |
US20030146154 * | Feb 2, 2002 | Aug 7, 2003 | Julie Moriarty | Shear-enhanced system and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood |
US20060272421 * | Jul 29, 2002 | Dec 7, 2006 | Stanley Frinak | Access pressure ratio device and testing method |
US20060278581 * | Aug 21, 2006 | Dec 14, 2006 | Julie Moriarty | Shear-Enhanced Systems And Methods For Removing Waste Materials And Liquid From The Blood |
US20070181500 * | Apr 12, 2007 | Aug 9, 2007 | Julie Moriarty | Shear-Enhanced Systems and Methods for Removing Waste Materials and Liquid from the Blood |
US20100073171 * | Sep 29, 2009 | Mar 25, 2010 | Stanley Frinak | Method of Monitoring Dislodgement of Venous Needles in Dialysis Patients |
US20100108606 * | Dec 18, 2008 | May 6, 2010 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis |
USRE34828 * | Oct 24, 1991 | Jan 17, 1995 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Immobilized-interface solute-transfer apparatus |
U.S. Classification | 604/6.09, 604/28, 210/321.72, 210/646, 210/137, 210/637, 604/29 |
International Classification | A61M1/16 |
Cooperative Classification | A61M1/16 |
European Classification | A61M1/16 |


text:
Happy Valentine's Day to one and all!
With Miranda's mittens atop the FO pile chez Subway Knitter, it's time to turn my yarny attentions to the second sleeve. What better way to celebrate Valentine's Day than to turn to another project that I love? [I'll admit that tucking into some chocolate wouldn't be a bad alternative. Mmmm, chocolate!]
Not that I didn't love knitting those mittens--I hold a special place in my heart for small projects, and Cascade 220. But, this project was a surprise. I've written before that I expected a mostly stockinette project to be mostly dragging by now, especially by the second sleeve. The Very Necessary Sweater has been very surprising in this regard. Knitting this thing is a guilty pleasure (hey, just like chocolate!)
Incidentally, Shannon posted about the great customer service she received from the Namaste people regarding the problems she had with her messenger bag. Way to go Namaste!
So, can Subway Knitter finish this sleeve, block, and seam the sweater before her birthday? Stay tuned to find out!
I love this sweater - the yarn looks so snuggly. A good thing as I look out my snowy window..... tks for commenting over at my place too, I was feeling lonely! Am adding the ribbing today and already I like it better, but I don't think I can "ungift" once promised. (can I???)
Yeah, I've recently revisited some of my baby knits and to my surprise, 220 was a champion performer as far as wear was concerned. Glad the sweater is so enjoyable!!
Here's a little trick, that you may or not have tried. If you CO and knit both sleeves at once they finish at the same time and it makes you very happy.


text:
Tenders called for Mt Mawson shelter
Local company awarded contract to replace Lake Tahune Hut and facilities
Upgrading the Dip Falls viewing experience
Little Waterhouse Lake is listed under the Ramsar Convention as an internationally significant wetland. It is a very productive lake, supporting a high diversity of species, including species of particular conservation significance such as the rare Wolfia australis, the smallest flowering plant in the world.
Extensive, relict dune systems formed during the Ice Age can be seen in the north of the reserve extending from Croppies Points through to Tomahawk Beach.
The Waterhouse Conservation Area encompasses a diverse range of vegetation communities, including one of the largest areas of heathland on the north-east coast, a vegetation community which has been greatly reduced in extent since European settlement.
These diverse habitats support a rich fauna. Nine threatened species of bird and at least three, and possibly four, of Tasmania's six species of threatened mammals are found in the reserve, as is a rare freshwater fish - the dwarf galaxias - and the vulnerable green and golden frog. Blackmans Lagoon and its feeder creeks constitute probably the single most important site in the State for the green and golden frog.
Waterhouse is popular place for camping, with several sites available. Other popular uses of the reserve include hunting, wildlife viewing, fishing, and recreational vehicle use.


text:
Patrice got sent hom, KofferMum.
Patrice got sent hom, KofferMum.
Hey.... John's in here! Rockstar fan, dood?
eta: ahhh.. reading backwards again. John loves my Toby and Magni... he can stay.
Never let the things you want make you forget about the things you have.
Thanks so much.
And next week will be decided by viewer votes only??? No more decisions by SN? Is that right???
I thought Magni blew the roof off with "Fire." Best performance by any of them so far, bar none.
I felt sorry for Patrice. During her performance, it looked like she knew she was going home. And did she split her lip open? It was cute how Magni gave her his sleeve to clean her face.
I love how Storm is always in the background dancing and singing along to everyone. She's a good sport.
Toby--thought he was really good on the SN song AND his version of "Plush" (though I preferred Magni's).
When Patrice was saying goodbye to everyone, I could see Dilana waiting to hug her and say goodbye. It seemed like Patrice was ignoring her...Blues Songstres and LAGuy, did Dilana get her hug?
Not that I'm defending Dilana's attitude, but didn't Ryan pretty much do the same to Dana, telling her she wasn't any good. What a hypocrite? He was pretty harsh on her and Dave or someone told him that she was better than he was (at the time) so he should watch his mouth!
Agreed. I don't have much empathy for Ryan at all.
But watching the webisode and seeing Dilana trash each and every one of her fellow contestants was way out of line. And the comments weren't simply a matter of "I'm not a professional... I'm not used to interviewing." Common sense should have told her to not say most all of it.
And then her comment about Storm was just childish and petty: "Everyone was talking about whether they liked the SuperNova song. Of course I told them that I really loved it, but Storm said she thought the lyrics sucked..." Childish, childish, childish and there's no "honest" reason for having put that comment out there.
Never let the things you want make you forget about the things you have.
I was surprised to find Magni in the bottom. I thought Storm would be there for sure. I think Magni did a bitching good job on that Hendrix... But he never should have been there in the first place.
Toby was solid and then some as well.
Patrice was the last of the also-rans. I think from now on in, this is anyone's game. All of them could be the next to go home - or win the whole thing.
With all the cameras following them around, does anyone think Storm could say SN lyrics sucked and not get called on it?
"How do you know the chosen ones? No greater love hath a man than he lay down his life for his friend. Not for millions, not for glory, not for fame... for one person. In the dark. Where no one will ever know or see." - Sebastion, Babylon 5


text:
Sir Hootsalot
From Team Fortress Wiki
" | " |
The Sir Hootsalot is a community-created cosmetic item item for Sniper. It is a brown owl with glowing eyes that sits on the Sniper's shoulder.
This cosmetic item has two styles, "Wilderness" and "Snowy". Snowy colors the owl's feathers white.
When players equipped with this item kill an enemy unassisted by another player, the killfeed shows everyone in Pyroland that it gets the assist, with its custom name if it has one.
The Sir Hootsalot was contributed to the Steam Workshop under the name "Camper's Companion".
Pyroland Demonstration
Painted variants
Main article: Paint Can
Mouseover cells to preview the images on a dark background. Click on the images to enlarge them.
Main article: Styles
Mouseover cells to preview the images on a dark background. Click on the images to enlarge them.
Main article: Styles
Styles | ||||||||||
Wilderness | Snowy |
Update history
October 26, 2012 Patch (Spectral Halloween Special)
- The Sir Hootsalot was added to the game.
- Added missing style names for Sir Hootsalot.
- [Undocumented] Made Sir Hootsalot paintable.
- Changed item type to "Mascot".
July 7, 2016 Patch #1 (Meet Your Match Update)
- Added Strange quality.
- The item's name is referring to Sir Lancelot, one of the members of the Knights of the Round Table in the legend of King Arthur.
- This item is visible in the Spectral Halloween Special Update page next to the promotional text for Caliginous Caper.
- The item is inspired by owls used in falconry as tools for hunters to spot prey over a great distance.
See also


text:
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The booming rhythms of drum 'n' bass are not meant to be just heard they're meant to be felt as well. The vibrations sent forth from mega amps invariably inspire dancing, and Photek's music is no exception, despite its classification as "intelligent" drum and bass. Since the early Nineties (the dawn of the UK jungle scene), Photek has been layering ambient soundscapes over intricate drum sounds. The DJ and producer's songs often start off slow and slinky, gradually building to a burst of throbbing beats. An innovator within the genre, Photek has incorporated traditional Japanese music into tracks like "Ni Ten Ichi Ryu," while a jazz influence is present throughout much of his repertoire. The England-born DJ even experimented with dark house music on his 2000 album, Solaris.
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Hey guys,
i am trying to get a WP trip together on a tight budget. is there any free camping at WP? Snow shoe has a parking lot where you can camp for free and I was wondering if WP had anything similar?
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There is nothing more pride-provoking than being asked to showcase the excellence of our local produce to visiting colleagues from across the world.
On a recent occasion I was invited to do just that to a small but impressive group of chefs from Germany on behalf of the Alliance Group. The brief was simple - lamb and venison - "we will leave the menu to you, Hawksy, perhaps a salad?".
I have mentioned in the past the modern trend these days is the revival of salads which have been claimed in some areas as the "new main course". There could be no better way to present our finest locally produced lamb and venison than on a modern style salad.
The Alliance Group Development Centre at our local Lorneville plant was the venue for the "live" presentation/lunch - the perfect setting to introduce these high end chefs to just how much effort goes into ensuring the perfection of the product.
This is where the development centre "struts its stuff". Trials are continually taking place including tenderness, succulence and flavour tasting, aging of product during transport, development of "value adding" to products and how to produce perfection to the end user (us humble cooks) at the purchase end.
There are several links in the chain that guarantees the end consumer perfection when it comes to a quality eating standard of New Zealand's primary produce and the Alliance Group takes time to ensure each one of those links is fully informed of customer requirements through quality control from farm management, transportation, primary and secondary processing, aging and delivery of product, giving confidence in the brand 'Pure South'.
For 4 portions
For the salad:
100g Swiss brown mushrooms
100g portabello mushrooms
100g button mushrooms
100g chunky, smoky bacon (I used the end bits which work well)
2 Tbsp olive oil
1 Tbsp balsamic vinegar
sea salt and freshly ground black pepper
1 Tbsp balsamic glaze
For the venison:
600g Pure South venison tenderloin (or fillet), giving you 12 pieces
12 slices streaky bacon or prosciutto
A drizzle of olive oil
For the spinach:
200g clean fresh spinach leaves
25g butter
sea salt and fresh black pepper
Method: Mushroom salad
Roughly chop the mushrooms and place in a roasting dish along with the bacon ends.
Mix well with the olive oil and balsamic vinegar and a generous grinding of sea salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Place in a pre-heated oven at 180C and roast for 20 minutes, stirring on occasions.
Remove from the oven and keep warm.
The venison
Trim the venison tenderloin or fillet of any silver skin and slice into 2cm thick pieces.
Wrap each piece with a slice of streaky bacon or pancetta.
Heat a heavy based cast iron pan up to temperature until the pan is hot.
Drizzle the venison noisettes with the oil and place into the hot pan, sealing on each side for 1 minute.
Season generously with sea salt and freshly ground black pepper and once cooked for a minute on each side remove from the pan and leave to rest in a warm place.
The spinach
Melt the butter in a heavy based pan and add the spinach, toss for a few seconds until wilted, season with freshly ground black pepper and sea salt and turn off the heat.
To assemble: Place the mushroom salad in a pasta type bowl and top with the spinach.
Drizzle with balsamic glaze and place two noisettes of venison on top.
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text:
GCode Print Simulator
by mdietz, published
Remixed From
Use This Project
Give a Shout Out
If you print this Thing and display it in public proudly give attribution by printing and displaying this tag.
Print Thing TagThing Statistics
This application can visualize Gcodes and simulate a real 3D print.
GCode Simulator recognizes the print speeds and can simulate the print in realtime, but you can also speedup the prints (fast forward,slow motion). Each layer is painted in a different color to see how a layer overlaps with the layer below.
GCodeSimulator Home page: http://3dprintapps.de/
Video of GCodeSimulator in action: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1SY2N21EDQ
GCodeSimulator let you to check how your print should turn out, making it easier to spot errors and fix them instead of wasting filament. If the print object looks ok you can directly send it over Wifi to GCodePrintr (Android) to print it.
GCodePrintr - 3D Printing for ANDROID available
Allows real 3D printing from an Android device
In addition GCodeSimulator analyses the Gcode file and prints additional information like:
It calculates various print details like
-print time
-used filament
-yx move distance
-print object dimension
-average print speeds
-number of layers
-layer details
-speed distribution / Acceleration
-weight and price of the printed object
-much more ...
It also allows to debug your gcode by stepping through it line by line and show the results. (debug mode)
Developed for my reprap printer but works with other printers (e.g. makerbot, ultimaker,...) as well, tested with Silc3r and skeinforge gcodes.
Download the latest Version V130
Add GCode Simulator as post-processing script in Slic3r !!
GCode Simulator for ANDROID available
Allows real 3D printing from an Android device (not just simulation)
Update V1.32
Fix for G02/G03 gcodes
Fit to page zoom
more fixes
Update V1.30
Improved behavior when jumping between layers
Support for G00,G01,G02 gcodes
Thumbnail support - can be integrated with Nautilus
Update V1.29
New Snapshot Image function to create a snapshot of the model and store it as jpg. Helps to get an overview and categorize your existing gcodes.
Round print bed support
Many fixes
Update V1.27
Option to autostart print when sending gcode to GcodePrintr (>=V1.67)
Option to autosave model when sending gcode to GcodePrintr (>=V1.67)
Option to configure offset for dual extruder
Many bug fixes
Update V1.25
Added limited support for BfB style gcodes
Added "Jump to Layer" option
New button bar & banner
Fixed nozzle offset
Update V1.22
Configurable bed size
Gray and Autumn Themes
Update V1.21
New Button bar
Layout changed
New print panel (not working yet)
Update V1.18
Fix wrong label painting
Remember Network IP
Remember last file path
Update V1.17
Many performance improvments
GCode Parser improvements
Paint Extruder on frotn view
Workaround for MacOS load bug
Update V1.16
Fixed problem when parsing gcodes with multiple whitespaces
Fixed NullPointerException with G4 gcode
Fixed Network Send Feature (broken in V1.12)
Improved load time
Add makeware specific extrusion code ( A&B instead of E)
Removed debug message which slowed down the load
Fixed side view, slicer comments view, 1st layer temp
Removed experimental edit mode (speek up if you need it!)
Add makeware specific extrusion code ( A instead of E)
Fixed boundary calculation (start position was ignored)
Improved performance
Significantly reduced memory usage
-New Network Send (Remote Print) Feature - allows you to send the Gcode to an Android device running Gcode Simulator V1.05 Beta.
-Added new menu items for the functions added in V1.02
-Fixed Z-lift Bug (layers were reordered by Z-pos)
Various updates to the Android Beta Version
Fixed some ReplicatorG Bugs
Fixed some "Invalid Gcode" errors by adding support for addtl. Gcodes (M204,M70,G161,...)
Show current Gcode line when in pause (debug mode)
Added step by step execution (debug mode). Use space/backspace to step through the gcodes during pause
Added fast forward/rewind (skip 50 gcodes). Use space/backspace during run.
Added increase/decrease of speedup in larger steps (10x). Use / (Up) * (Down)
The current location of the nozzle is painted to improve usability.
Replaced blue with a lighter pink to improve readability.
Click on speedup label box will toggles pause
Scrollwheel for speedup is only active when mouse is over printbed or labels
Support for center format G2/G3 Gcodes (Arc) - Radius format not supported yet
More reslilient against errors and unsupported gcodes
Display extrusion rate (mm/min) in real time
Display pause status in status bar
Display of Fan output changed (III=Full Speed, II=Medium, I=Slow, ""=off)
Rendering bug (Grey spots) fixed
Based on new GCodeInfo
Experimental Edit Mode added
Optimize lavel repaint
Fixed bugs with details toggle and temperature
Some performance improvements.
Window Icon added.
Automatic Zoom on Window resize.
Filedialog uses current user path.
Fixed some multi-threading bugs.
Added Menubar
Show model details by default.
Fixed double buffering bug for MAC OS.
Some Performance improvements
Show current speed and remaining print time.
Fixed double buffering bug.
Render Front and Side View
Experimental Printing support (requires RXTXcomm.jar and /dev/ttyUSB0)
Added S Key-Shortcut for "Start Print"
Some Bug Fixes
Added Mouse Support
Mousewheel = Speed up/down
ALT+Mousewheel = Zoom in/out
Left Button on Bed = Next Layer
ALT+Left Button on Bed = Previous Layer
Right Button = Show Model Details
Left Button on Details = Toggle Model Details
Middle Button = Show Help
Show percentage when loading gcode files
Start with default gcode (GCode Simulator Key Chain) , press f to load file.
Fixed bugs.
Much smoother painting by splitting longer lines into multiple draws
Added nice looking labels with boxes for current infos (instead of plain test string)
Toggle modeldetails can now page through multiple pages of layer details
Unknown keys open about/help dialog.
Fixed acceleration (ignore acceleration for speed distribution), use acceleration for paint and layer time.
Show separate time values (with and without acceleration)
Non-disruptive zoom (no restart) implemented
Jump to previous layer added.
"Next Layer" option completes the layer painting (not skips it)
Paint grid on print bed.
Show new GCodeInfo modeldetails (Material,Weight,Price,.. See GcodeInfo for details.)
Fixed some issues with Skeinforge comments and average calulations.
Support for Java Version 1.6 (MacOS)
Added option (t) to toggle details (show more model & layer details similar to Gcodeinfo)
Added option (f) to open another gcode file.
Handle gcode files with Z-Lifts and negative coordinates (auto center on bed).
Show details of the printed model (e.g. overall print time, size, layers,..)
Start the java program by calling on the command line (Java 1.6.x required)
java -jar GCodeSimulator.jar
Or Open with java from explorer or your favorite file browser.
is optional , if not specified then a browse dialog will open. IMPORTANT: Due to a bug in the linux java jre do not choose a file from the "recent file" list, this will cause a crash. Instead go to the full path of the file and open it there. The GCode Print simulator can be controlled with the following hotkeys: i/o=Zoom +/-=Speed n=NextLayer r=Restart p=Pause q=Quit I have tested it with many Slic3r gcodes and some skeinforge gcodes. But GCodes can be very complex, therefore I'm pretty sure there will still be bugs. Z-Lifts might causes problems and negative coordinates as well (fixed with V0.65). Relative positioning is not supported yet. Feedback is highly welcome !File Name
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This is wonderful for watching as a simulation of printing a model. It is oddly enthralling for me. Thank you so much for sharing this fabulous software!
what do the colors mean when it is running, does red mean a crash? No documentation anywhere
Each color represents a new layer as it is "printed." This is so you can observe how the layers stack as the simulation runs. It is a good visual way to see how your g-code will perform as the printer uses it.
Do you provide the source code somewhere (like on github) so that annoying bugs can be fixed?
How can I change the filament diameter from 3mm to 1.75? How can I set the cost for filament also?
Trying to get this to work with my Lasers G-code but it gets stuck after Loading Model reaches 100%. Any idea why?
My laser uses these gcodes:
G21 -Units to mm
G28 -Home
M80 -Turn on Optional Peripherals Board at LMN
M5 -Laser off
G0 -Travel Movement
G01 -Movement+laser on
G02 -Movement+laser on
G03 -Movement+laser on
I have downloaded the files and can't get it to work!
In slic3r I put this in the Post-processing scripts->
java -jar D:\Downloads\3Dprinter\GCode_Print_Simulator\GCodeSimulatorV130.jar
After I export the gcode this is the error I get. I don't know what I'm Doing wrong!
"""""the configured post-pocessing script is not executable : check permissions. (java -jar """""D:\Downloads\3Dprinter\GCode_Print_Simulator\GCodeSimulatorV130.jar)
Hi everyone,
I download the files but I don't know how to make it work,I don't see any .exe file is that normal ?
Thanks for your help
this is a java program. You need to have the Java Runtime Environment (jre) installed.
See java.com for downloading java.
Hi, thank's for you help. I install the latest java program but still nothing, is Chrome involve in this ?
No, chrome is not involved. Double click on the jar file should open the program.
Or start the java program by calling on the command line
java -jar GCodeSimulator.jar
Which version did you download ?
the V130, I check my default openning program and winrar was open it each time, after choosing Java as the program to use it works !!! Thank you very very much this will help me with my calibration problem on my printer.
By the way do you know any reason why a BCN 3D+ doesn't print good circles ? I just assemble mine and it's a mess on circle and symetric object
Incredible nice program :)
Feature Request: See at which position the extruder is currently at.
I am currently trying to figure out why my extruder moves to fast when using a specific slicing software (must be some wrong setting made by me, but it would help to find the error if i knew where stuff freaks out).
Thanks a lot for this nice piece of software!!!
thanks. you can already see the XYZ position below the model details (bottom right) when pause is enabled.
Thanks :)
Can you add the Extruder Position as well?
I have luckily fixed my slicer problem without this feature.
I used CraftWare which produced a gcode that told the printer to expect relative position but the print gcodes were absolute (even on extruder axis), which caused over extrusion and finally made the printfail.
How to configure Linux file manager Nautilus to automatically create thumbnails of GCode files by using GCodeSimulator
See: http://gcodesim.dietzm.de/FAQ.html#nautilus
Will this run a .X3G file from MakerWare? Or am i missing something? I hope its not a ID10T problem!!!
This is cool. Is it possible for the simulator to play at the w/o acceleration speed? I want the simulation to run alongside a real print, and the w/ acceleration speed is too fast. I tried setting Speedup to 1x but this only makes it run at the w/ acceleration speed. Cheers
Is there I way I can tell which toolhead is being used in a dual extruded print?
Yes. Once you have configured an offset for the second extruder (Settings) you will see both nozzles painted. The active one is painted white and the inactive one is painted grey.
Before i could get my Printrbot to run correctly from my PC, this program did the trick with a USB adapter for my Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0.
Wonderful program. I plan on using it when I do demos, so I can keep the stuff I haul n the lighter side.
Thank you for putting the time and effort in to this. It's helping me track down a problem that it looks like the slicer software I'm using is causing.... Thank you...
Mega cool piece of software! I am using it now to check for the estimated speeds of my http://quadrap-3d-printer.blogspot.dequadrap-3d-printer.blogspot.de that prints 500mm/sec and the target is to reach 700mm/sec! Bravo for the excellent job!
My printer is a Rapman from Bitsfrombytes and on these machines the coordinate (X0,Y0) is the middle of the printbed.
It seems that for GcodeSimulator this coordinate is at the bottom-left corner of the screen.
Therefore the simulation occurs in that corner and can't be completely seen.
It could be a good point to be able to tell the program where the origin is with some X and Y offset. Just an idea...
I also know that some Gcode for BfB machines might be different than for other machines.
So maybe it won't be able to completely simulate BfB gcode.
Anyway this seems to be a very great app !
Congrats !
Thanks for the feedback. Could you please send me such a BfB gcode, then I can check how to improve the behavior.
In fact, it should already try to move the 0 position based on the 3d object size, maybe there is a bug in this logic.
it looks really nice from the screenshot and description and I will probably add a "like it" as soon as I will be able to understand how to use it on a Windows PC.
Sorry for being so silly but how do I install and/or launch this app ?
I can't see any .exe or install file (V1.18).
Am I missing something ?
Can someone help me please ?
Cheers !
Could you make the Android version of this load from Google Drive. When I "Load" it gives me the option of picking from the Google Drive but then once I select the file it gives me an error and says the file isn't a valid gcode file. I have a feeling it is not downloading a proper copy of the file to use locally and something in the translation between the Drive app and your app is a miss.
please join the GCode Simulator Google+ community for discussing problems, request features and get news:
I will try to find out what is wrong with Google Drive ....
I wonder if I can control the temperature from the application, because I can only see as increasing the temperature to 220 degrees and I use an ABS that blends well with the 235 º
I do not know English, so this makes Google translation
Si. That is the case. Hopefully soon implement the temperature change, because until then I can not use it with ABS.
Version 1.28 of GCode Simulator & Printer for Android does now support custom temperature presets.
Please join the GCode Simulator Google+ community for discussing problems, request features and get news:
I guess you refer to real printing from an android device running GCode Simulator & Printer ? If yes, the manual temperature control is currently limited to 185,200 and 220 degrees. But I will add a preference panel to configure the temperatures in a follow-up release.
Hi ,what is the optimal configuration for android's tablet ? Processor , RAM, memory ... It s great apps for running your 3d printer
Most important is that the usb-host feature is supported by the tablet. Memory of 512-1024MB is fine. Larger gcode files will require more memory. E.g. a 300000 line gcode requires ~50MB memory. Single core CPU is ok but dual/quad core CPU has some buffer for additional calculations.
I have 2 tablets which run fine: Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 and Trekstor Surftab Breeze 7.0
Wow ... this is great.
Would it be possible to display at the bottom the number of the code-line in the file? And a small editor, where it would be possible to edit the gcode file, to smoothen some details?
Hi, the line number and gcode details are already shown when you hit pause. (in the right bottom corner)
I added the gcode editor to the feature wishlist, but its more complex than it looks like because every change needs to re-analyse the model to calculate things like the time, extrusion,...
Thats great :)
But can i ask you something? In down side on your home page( http://www.dietzm.de/gcodesim/#GCodeSimulatorhttp://www.dietzm.de/gcodesim/... ) you say: "Add GCodeSimulator to the post-processing scripts of your slicer tool (slic3r, Skeinforge) to control the output without manual steps." So :) my question is - how to do this? Please, explain like for some one totally out of software knowledge ;)
I added short description for slic3r here: http://www.dietzm.de/gcodesim/help.htmlhttp://www.dietzm.de/gcodesim/...
it should work with all Gcode files. Please send me am example file and I can see what the problem is.
Having a similar problem. I sent you an email with 2 example gcode files.
Thank you. The ReplicatorG comment style was not supported. Please retry with the new version v101.
BTW, there's some typos in the interface, where "increase speed" says "ctrl +" while the command is actually "Alt +", etc.
Actually most keys work even without pressing ctrl or alt. Unfortunately Java AWT menu item does not allow to specify plain shortcut keys (without ctrl or alt).
Great job ^^
if it can read file .x3g or file .gcode of makerware that is so awesome.
Please send me an example file and I can see if makerware gcodes can make to work.
I must be doing something silly - I try to open a gcode file and the app simply disappears. Any ideas?
Please retry with the new version 0.96. If it still does not work send my your gcode please. Thanks !
Try to run it from a command line to see if it prints out an error. You can also send me ([email protected]) your gcode file so that I can try to reproduce the problem.
Please retry with the new version 0.96. If it still does not work send my your gcode please. Thanks
I just uploaded the new version to Google Play Store (might take some hours until it is active)
Simply amazing and SOOO helpful when trying to determine if i need to add supports or not
This looks like a great tool! The only downside, if you can call it that, is that it uses Java. There's been a load of talk lately about Java being massively insecure and just as I was about to remove it from all my machines, you go and post this. Ho hum. /ClicksDownloadAnyway
I know. I already thought about rewriting this stuff in python to improve my python skills. Not sure if I'll have time to do that.
Had trouble running this, OS X 10.8.2, java version "1.6.0_37"
$ java -jar GCodeSimulator.jar
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: de/dietzm/GcodeSimulator : Unsupported major.minor version 51.0
Which version of java is this build for? What license have you released this under; is the source code available?
Currently java 1.7 (only because it uses switch() statements with String).
Source code is not yet available, but I might create a github project if there is some demand.
The new version v0.68 should work with java 1.6. I have replaced the java 1.7 specific statements. Please let me know if it works on MacOS.
Yeah, works like a champ! Thanks!! Would be nice if zooming didn't restart the virtual print, but otherwise no complaints!
I've implemented a non-disruptive zoom in V0.71 (no restart required).


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