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CPTED strategies are ideal for Law Enforcement Officers, City Planners, City Managers, City Council Members, Architects, Security Consultants, Educators or anyone involved in designing neighborhoods, schools, downtowns, buildings, or revitalization efforts. It is an effective way of fighting crime and promoting business. CPTED Training is available through the NICP. We offer classes in Basic CPTED, Advanced CPTED, CPTED in Schools, and CPTED in Hospitals.
Our mission is to provide you with the best and most current training possible. With a hands on approach we will help you gain the knowledge and confidence you need in order for you to implement CPTED in your city, neighborhood, park, downtown, school, or building.
The NICP, Inc. holds several Basic and Advanced CPTED Training courses during the year in many locations throughout the United States.To view our upcoming CPTED training conferences, please visit the Conferences page. For further information contact the NICP, Inc at firstname.lastname@example.com or 864-608-4894.
"The proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and to an improvement in quality of life."
Sample CPTED Classes
Here are a few examples of what is offered in our classes. For more information, please feel free to contact us.
Basic CPTED Training
CPTED Professional Designation
(CPD) Qualifying Course
- Introduction to CPTED
- CPTED Strategies and Concepts
- Human Behavior and CPTED
- Barriers – Real vs. Symbolic/Fencing, Landscaping, & Interior Walls
- Lighting For Safety
- Planning, Zoning, and CPTED
- Writing a CPTED Ordinance/Overlay Districts
- Neighborhood Review – Applying CPTED Strategies (practical exercise)
- CPTED Report Writing
- Understanding Site Plans
- Group Site Plan Reviews (practical exercise)
- Traffic Calming and CPTED
- CPTED Around the Globe
- CPTED Field Assessments (field exercise)
- CPTED Field Assessment Group Presentations (practical exercise)
- Graded Exam
Basic CPTED Training
- Introduction to CPTED
- CPTED Strategies and Concepts
- Human Behavior and CPTED
- Barriers – Real vs. Symbolic/Fencing, Landscaping, & Interior Walls
- Lighting For Safety
- Planning, Zoning, and CPTED
- Writing a CPTED Ordinance/Overlay Districts
- Neighborhood Review – Applying CPTED Strategies (practical exercise)
- CPTED Report Writing
- Understanding Site Plans
- Group Site Plan Reviews (practical exercise)
Advanced CPTED Training
CPTED Professional Designation
(CPD) Qualifying Course
- The Effect of Color on Human Behavior
- Schools & CPTED (practical exercise)
- Introduction to New Urbanism
- Public Art and CPTED
- Terrorism and CPTED
- Public Transportation & CPTED (practical exercise)
- Parks and CPTED
- Parks Site Plan Review (practical exercise)
- Comfort Station Design & CPTED
- Graded Exam
Specialized Topics Course
CPTED Professional Designation
(CPD) Renewal Course
- Share Session
- Sustainability, LEED, and CPTED
- New Urbanism and CPTED
- Managing a CPTED Project
- Form Base Codes & CPTED
- Parking Lot Design & CPTED
- CPTED, Lighting, & Technology
- Lighting Codes
Benefits of Attending
Cities and Counties throughout the country are adopting CPTED ordinances requiring site plan reviews with crime prevention in mind. Law enforcement officers who are specially trained in CPTED are now working closely with Planners, Architects, City Officials, and Educators to ensure the proper design of structures, schools, and neighborhoods. Participants will learn how the design and use of the environment can control human / criminal behavior and reduce the fear of crime. They will learn crime prevention through natural means. How natural access control and natural surveillance decrease the opportunity for crime. Participants will learn the different aspects of lighting and its effects on human behavior. Participants will work together on a site survey and provide a group presentation of their results using CPTED strategies. They will learn the advantages of having a CPTED ordinance and how to construct and present one to lawmakers.
Who Should Attend
- Law Enforcement Officers
- Crime Prevention Personnel
- School Resource Officers
- Community Service Officers
- Security Consultants
- City Planners
- Urban Planners
- Park Planners
- Architects
- Landscape Architects
- Engineers
- Public Health Personnel
- City Administrators
- Educators
- Neighborhood Redevelopment
- Economic Redevelopment
- Homeland Security
- Code Enforcement
- Traffic Engineers
- Public Art Personnel
- Lighting & Utility Personnel
- Crime Free Personnel
- Non Profit Organizations
Art Hushen is the President of NICP, Inc.
Art Hushen is the President/Owner of the National Institute of Crime Prevention (NICP, Inc.), a global training and consulting company specializing in Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. (CPTED) The NICP maintains the nationally recognized CPTED Professional Designation (CPD) Program.
Prior to the creation of NICP, Inc., Art was assigned to the Tampa Police Department's Special Operations Bureau / CPTED Section where he was instrumental in the creation of the Department's CPTED Unit and Tampa's first CPTED Ordinance for the Westshore Business District, which is the largest Business District in Florida. He implemented the CPTED review process for the Tampa Parks Department Greenways and Trails Master Plan. He worked with the Tampa Housing Authority on their Hope VI program and was part of the task force implementing design guidelines. He completed the CPTED review process for the West Tampa Overlay District, East Tampa Overlay District, and the Tampa Lighting Initiative. Art also completed the City of Tampa's Downtown Security Guideline requirements under the Mayor of Tampa's Downtown Initiative. He implemented CPTED strategies into security and design reviews of commercial buildings, schools, multi family housing, and residential communities. Art implemented similar strategies in zoning ordinances, land use development, public transportation, and roadway design through traffic calming. He has conducted numerous CPTED site reviews and security surveys for the City ofTampa as well as for the National Institute of Crime Prevention.
As President of NICP, Inc. he continues a similar process of implementing CPTED concepts and strategies at a national level through training programs and consulting with various government, private sector, and nonprofit groups. Through the implementation of the CPTED Professional Designation (CPD) Program the NICP has set a standard for professional recognition for those earning the CPD.
Art received his Crime Prevention Practitioner Certification and CPTED Designation through the Florida Crime Prevention Training Institute where he assisted in the creation of the Advanced CPTED program, the State standards for the CPTED Designation, Critical Infrastructure and CPTED, Making Schools Safe by Design program, CPTED for Hospitals, and Lighting for Safety He is the lead CPTED instructor for the Florida Attorney General's Office specializing in Basic & Advanced CPTED, and Advanced CPTED Topics. Art is also an instructor for the American Crime Prevention Institute and D-PREP, LLC specializing in Basic and Advanced CPTED. Art holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Criminology from the University of South Florida.
Art is the past Chairman of the Florida Design Out Crime Association (FLDOCA), Board Member of the International Society of Crime Prevention Practitioners (ISCPP), Past Board Member of the International CPTED Association (ICA) and is a member of ASIS International and serves on the ASIS Physical Security Council. Art has conducted seminars and training through the United States and has been a guest speaker / trainer in Canada, South America, the Caribbean, the United Kingdom, and Europe.
Joelle Hushen is the Executive Director of the NICP, Inc.
Joelle Hushen, as the Executive Director of the NICP, Inc., is responsible for course curriculum, standards, and evaluation. This includes the development and maintenance of the NICP's CPTED Professional Designation (CPD) program, which has become the recognized standard for CPTED professionals. As part of the CPD program Joelle designed the CPTED Review, Exam, & Assessment Course and is the lead instructor.
Joelle has a background in education and research with a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of South Florida. She has completed the Basic, Advanced, and Specialized CPTED topics, and holds the NICP, Inc.'s CPTED Professional Designation. Joelle is a member of the University of South Florida Chapter of the National Academy of Inventors, Florida Design Out Crime Association (FLDOCA), and International Society of Crime Prevention Practioners (ISCPP).
Tom Hushen
Tom Hushen currently serves as the Emergency Management Coordinator and is Chief of the County Fire Marshals division for Cameron County, Texas. He reports to the county's highest elected official. Tom has worked to improve the security of county buildings and develop a countywide, public safety communications system. He has led efforts to include small cities and rural communities in regional emergency plans, and has overseen the formation of hazardous response teams at each end of the county. He also oversees the communications for Cameron County.
Tom has served on two State boards appointed by the Governor's office for the State of Texas. Tom also served as the Administrator for the Regional Advisory Council on Trauma. He was in charge of administering federal grants to all hospitals from Brownsville to Laredo, Texas. He also worked with the Hospitals, Emergency Medical Services, State and Federal agencies on evacuation protocols and radio communications.
During his twenty seven-year career in law enforcement Tom served as Chief of Police for Los Indios, Texas and worked with the City of Harlingen, Texas Police Department, Tom was responsible for a number of programs and initiatives, including work as a Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) officer and development of security plans for the local school district. He served as an instructor at the Lower Rio Grande Valley Regional Police Academy, teaching cadets Community Oriented Police strategies.
Tom retired from the Harlingen Police Department as a Commander, having attained recognition as a Master Peace Officer. He continues to serve as an instructor for the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement (TCOLE) and served as a City Commissioner for the City of Harlingen.
Kory Sneed
Kory Sneed is a Crime Prevention Officer for the Scottsdale, AZ Police Department. He has served as a police officer for 18 years with 8 years at his current position. His early assignments include Gang Liaison Officer, Bike Unit Officer, Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) officer and School Resource Officer (SRO) where he received his Detective status. He has also served as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) Instructor and was a member of the Peer Support – Critical Incident Stress Management Team. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Justice Studies from Arizona State University.
As the Crime Prevention Officer, Officer Sneed is responsible for reviewing crime statistics and developing strategies to reduce or eliminate crime. As part of his duties, he has conducted threat and security assessments utilizing CPTED strategies for hospitals, schools, parks, hotels and resorts, multi-family housing and residential and commercial properties. He has worked closely with city departments such as Code Enforcement, Design and Review, and Parks and Recreation to implement CPTED standards. In 2005, Officer Sneed was awarded the Co-Citizen of the Year from the Scottsdale Area Association of Realtors (SAAR) for implementing and coordinating a voluntary program called "Lockbox for Seniors".
Officer Sneed is the Vice President of the Arizona Crime Prevention Association. He received his International Crime Prevention Specialist Designation from the International Society of Crime Prevention Practitioners (ISCPP) and also serves as an instructor for the ISCPP. In 2012, he received the National Crime Prevention Association's Level 2 National Crime Prevention Specialist Certification and serves as an instructor for the NCPC on CPTED and Crime Prevention. He received his CPTED Professional Designation (CPD) from the National Institute of Crime Prevention where he also instructs Basic CPTED Training. He is an Associate with the American Crime Prevention Institute out of Louisville, Kentucky. Officer Sneed instructs police cadets for the Arizona Law Enforcement Academy on Community Policing, CPTED and Crime Prevention. As part of his current assignment, he is a guest speaker at a variety of community meetings. He publishes crime prevention articles for the ISCPP, the police department's community newsletters and various HOA magazines.
Jay Toth
Jay Toth is a 35-year veteran of law enforcement and instructor of numerous workshops, seminars and classes. The last half of his career has been spent specializing in crime prevention and school resource officer programs. Prior to his recent retirement as a Lieutenant from the Volusia County Sheriff's Office, Jay was assigned as a Sergeant in the Community Services Section. In addition to crime prevention, Jay supervised the school resource deputy program and was part of the school security assessment team providing security surveys, reviews, law enforcement services and training to the school district. He regularly provided community education programs to neighborhood watch groups, home owners associations, students, parents, citizen groups, clubs and associations on topics such as cyber-crime, internet safety, neighborhood watch, frauds, scams, school security, and crime prevention through environmental design.
Jay is currently an instructor for crime prevention and school resource officer programs on the state, national and international level.
Jay is a member of the Florida Design Out Crime Association and the Florida Crime Prevention Association. He holds his Florida Crime Prevention Practitioner, Florida School Resource Officer Practitioner, and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Practitioner designations through the Florida Office of the Attorney General's Florida Crime Prevention Training Institute.
Bill Wann
Bill Wann has been with the Sacramento Police Department for over 17 years and is currently assigned as the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Sergeant. His prior assignments include patrol, bicycle patrol and professional standards. Bill has also been a field training officer, a police academy instructor, a member of peer support, supervised a crime suppression team, and worked temporarily in crime analysis and sexual assault/child abuse.
As the CPTED Sergeant, Bill is responsible for implementing CPTED principles through site plan reviews of public and private development projects. In this role, Bill works closely with other City departments as well as advocacy groups.
Bill also coordinates and consults on CPTED assessments throughout the City. Additionally, Bill has created partnerships with other agencies to provide CPTED training to local public officials and private citizens. Bill concurrently supervises the Alcoholic Beverage Control Unit, the Tow Unit, and the military surplus program.
As an instructor, Bill has developed and implemented standards-based curriculum content in the topics of CPTED, the management of public demonstrations, custody, property crimes, handling disputes, and information systems. Bill has presented at police and dispatch academies, in-service training, and to neighborhood and corporate groups.
Bill earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with a double major in Sociology and Criminal Justice from Chapman University and a Master of Science degree in Emergency Services Administration from California State University, Long Beach. Bill is a graduate of the California POST Management Course and is also a graduate of Class 323 of the Sherman Block Supervisory Leadership Institute. Bill holds a CPTED Professional Designation from the National Institute of Crime Prevention. Bill is an active member of the California Narcotic Officers' Association where he currently serves as Region II Vice Chair.


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Frida Sante – Frida eats all the Nachos
Released: September 19, 2016
Frida Sante has a huge sexual appetite. She loves every dish from Mexico, her home country, especially nachos. But, today, she's about to each just one Nacho. A very big and fat one which is also filled with salsa: the Nacho Vidal. This latina slut takes his huge cock between her hands to milk it dry and swallow every last drop that comes out of it.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Logos agōnios; or, a sermon of the Christian race, preached before His Maiesty at Christ-Church in Oxford, May 9. 1643. By Tho: Barton Master of Arts, and yet Rector of Westminster in Sussex. Whereto is added an advertisement to his country-men, who being misled disaffect the royall cause.
Main Author: | Barton, Thomas, 1599 or 1600-1682 or 3. |
Corporate Authors: | Early English Books Online. |
Format: | Online Book |
Language: | English |
Published: |
[Oxford] :
Printed by L.L.,
Subjects: | |
Online Access: |
Online version |
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Colours Brady Cream & Yellow Spot Runner (L)2.0m (W)0.6m
Colours Brady Cream & Yellow Spot Runner (L)2.0m (W)0.6m
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A great way to add a touch of spots & stripes style to your home, this cream & yellow runner has a spot design, and will bring warmth and texture to a wooden floor.
- Size: (L)2.0m x (W)0.6m
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29 Responses to The Big Secret To Audio Book Success
Dag Paul,
Leuk en interessant stuk om te lezen. Weet jij ook toevallig, want je bent nu Amerikaan!, een goede Nederlandse stemcoach?
Hartelijke groet
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 31st, 2016 at 3:02 pmLeuk dat je m'n blog leest, Suzanne! Als ik jou was, dan zou ik m'n vraag over een stemcoach stellen aan de Facebook groep voor Nederlandse stemacteurs: https://www.facebook.com/groups/100933633287205/ Ik ben te veel op afstand om je een goede aanbeveling te kunnen geven.
Anna Castiglioni
Wonderful post! Jim Dale was one of my major influences (role models) in becoming a narrator. Thank you for the tips. I was a singer long before becoming VA-narrator, and I could definitely use some voice training/conditioning tips for stamina. I'll give that app a try.
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 18th, 2016 at 8:26 pmI'm glad you enjoyed it, Anna! Let me know how you like the app. I also recommend vocal coach Elissa Weinzimmer. One of the things she does, is teach vocal health. Here's her website: http://www.voicebodyconnection.com
Rick Lance
Thanks for sharing your thoughts here, Paul! Yes… without a doubt Jim Dale sets the standard for all narrators. Although, most never come close to his abilities and actually don't need to as long as they are consistently strong and centered with their reading.
Frankly, as you've described, the stamina needed for ABs, especially fiction, is incredible. I have to confess that, between the extended recording time and stamina needed for most audio books… I kinda avoid them. Sometimes guiltily too. I'm a pretty good storyteller but… man… the other factors to consider!
Also, in a weird twist, I wish that some narrators would stay away from recording ABs. Since, I continue to hear on Audible and elsewhere POOR quality audio so distracting (to my ear) that I ask… why did they bother? Why was this even excepted by the publisher, author and the public, for that matter. I guess the market is in such demand that quality doesn't matter that much anymore. For me, I have to be very moved by a subject, given plenty of lead time and a good budget to be interested in narrating any particular AB project. But kudos to those who dedicate their time, energy and a world of interpretive acting skills to their craft!
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 18th, 2016 at 4:12 pmI share your experience and your choices, Rick. Most audio book projects that come along my desk are not worth my time because they are vanity projects that will never sell well. More interesting projects will go to the lowest bidder who (seemingly) has all the time in the world and no bills to pay. I also mourn the loss of professional standards. In an age where the TV image keeps on getting better and better, it baffles me that poor audio quality is even tolerated.
Susan Hadash
Jim Dale is wonderful. He keeps up the tension and excitement when he narrates and there is never a dull moment. It's hard to imagine how he keeps all the characters straight. If I am dubbing multiple characters (not nearly as many as he does, not for as many hours, and not in audio books), I sometimes jot down notes to help me remember a character's voice. If there is a lot of time between sessions, I ask the sound engineer to let me listen to a certain character I've done just to be sure I'm doing the same voice.
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 18th, 2016 at 4:08 pmGood tips, Susan. You've got to cultivate your multiple personality order!
Ted Mcaleer
The fundamental truths of voice over remain the same. The problem is that everyone thinks it won't apply to them. 20 pages an hour… He's a machine.
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 18th, 2016 at 8:22 amVery few people will watch Olympic marathon runners and say: "I think I can do that. Let's start racing tomorrow!" Yet, too many beginners allow themselves to be talked into a new career as an audio book narrator. After all… what could be easier? Everybody knows how to read, right?
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 18th, 2016 at 4:07 pmThat's the problem with people who are ignorant. They know so little that they don't realize that they're ignorant.
Keith Michaels
Great post Paul. Jim has always been a favorite of mine. I have one audio book to my credit. There will not be a second. My hats are off to narrators like Jim who make it sound easy. It's not. Get to know your strengths and your limitations.
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 18th, 2016 at 8:18 amWise words, Keith, coming from experience. Beginners, take heed!
Pingback: My Favorite Audiobooks | Librarye Keeper
Ed Hawthorne
Paul, again THANK YOU!
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Nicholas Lane
Thanks for that reality check!
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
September 18th, 2014 at 11:27 amMy pleasure, Nicholas. Audio book narration is like climbing a mountain. You need to have the right equipment (this includes your voice). You need to have the right training, and you need experience to reach the top. My advice: start walking up small hills before you take on a peak in the Himalayas.
david Reply:
August 20th, 2016 at 4:07 am….and as Dag Hammersköld once said (UN Chief of many years ago)
"Never measure the height of the mountain you are climbing. When you get to the top you will see how small it really is!"Just found your site – happy I did 😉
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
August 22nd, 2016 at 4:41 pmGreat quote. Thanks for finding me, David!
Debbie Grattan
I always love reading your blogs Paul! But my limit for reading in general, when not work related, is not much longer than that. Not because I don't enjoy a great book, but because there just don't seem to be enough hours in the day for me. I do NOT record audio books, and probably never will. It's just too daunting for me, personally. And I respect those who do, for the enormous talent they must have to successful meet the artistic demands, and also for the time, tenacity, and of course consistency, at remarkably low pay rates.
Jim Dale of course is a trained actor, having acclaimed success on the stage (Tony award for Barnum) and other film and TV roles. And I read that he started as a comic. So his background is well suited for the creation of characters and storytelling required for an award winning series of audio-books. He is really one in a million. And for those who enter into the world of audio book recording, I'm sure they find out very quickly whether or not they are well suited for the job.[Reply]
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
September 18th, 2014 at 10:09 amDebbie, Jim actually modeled many of the Harry Potter characters on people from his childhood. It helps to have life experience. Of course there's a huge difference between fiction and non-fiction narration. Fiction requires acting skills. Non-fiction not so much. For both, consistency is key.
Leah Frederick
Thank you, thank you, thank YOU, Paul for such a wonderful article about the challenges that face us audiobook narrators! It can be grueling and demanding and that's why I love it. Sharing this article all over social media today 🙂
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
September 18th, 2014 at 10:10 amMy pleasure, Leah. Thank you for enriching the lives of so many people who go on a journey, every time they listen to your voice!
Matt Forrest
Another good post, Paul – I think until someone voices or produces an audiobook, they can't imagine the time & work involved. I did my first one about a year ago, and when I quoted my fee, I explained that I estimate for every 20 minutes of audio there is an hour of work attached to it – so a 4-hour finished piece is actually a 16-hour job, on average. It definitely surprises new voice seekers!
(And for the record, as much as I love Stephen Fry's work, I think Dale did a better job w/ Harry!)
Paul Strikwerda Reply:
September 18th, 2014 at 9:13 amWe need to educate (aspiring) colleagues as well as clients on the intricacies of the time-consuming audio book production process. Don't take the job if you don't know what you're getting yourself into! I see too many beginner questions on narration from people who realize that they're in over their heads. We have to stand firm and stand together on rates as well. How can we ask the world to value our services if we undervalue them ourselves?
Ted Mcaleer
20 pages an hour… Jim Dale, another great pro, I'm prepping the Harry Potter version now after finishing the Enders saga. I loved S. Fry's version.
But you are dead on… Audiobooks are Not for the faint of heart. I'm doing a multi-part technical narration, 90 mins finished audio. Brutal, but a cakewalk compared to any audio book, and I know how to tell stories.
Glad to be doing my kind of work. Props to those who bring it![Reply]


text:
AMMAN, Jordan, Feb. 10— Faced with the systematic destruction of his country's major public works and other installations, yet displaying little readiness for peace, Iraq's President, Saddam Hussein, urged his compatriots tonight to practice "patience and steadfastness" and assured them that Iraq would win the Persian Gulf war.
In his first public address in weeks, Mr. Hussein said, "With each passing hour and each passing day, the Iraqi people are strengthening their convictions."
The statements seem to ignore persuasive evidence that the allied air onslaught on Iraq has destroyed not only military targets but also the modern complex of roads, bridges, refineries, electric power stations and telecommunications that once formed part of Iraq's pride and self-image. Neither Appliances Nor Water
As a result, according to travelers and news reports, dispirited Iraqis are scrounging for scarce fuel in Baghdad and Kuwait and improvising in their daily lives as they wrestle with an existence bereft of electrical appliances, gasoline and regular water supplies.
Mr. Hussein's 20-minute speech, on Baghdad radio, coincided with an assessment by neighboring Iran that its peace initative had not made much progress. The Iranian Foreign Minister, Ali Akbar Velayati, interviewed in Belgrade by Cable News Network said that Iraq's response to his Government's as-yet-unpublished proposals was "not on the same level as we had expected" and the initative needed "more time and more effort."
Iraq has sent conflicting signals about its diplomatic intentions, with one high official, Deputy Prime Minister Saddun Hammadi, telling reporters in Amman today that his country was ready for a cease-fire and a negotiated settlement, although on terms that would most likely be unacceptable to the United States. Bravado Is Broadcast
Baghdad radio, by contrast, broadcast a commentary from the Defense Ministry newspaper, Al Qadissiya, saying: "The decision in Iraq to fight the aggressors and bury their evil designs is irrevocable."
Some Iraqi citizens have taken their unhappiness to the extreme of scrawling graffiti criticizing Mr. Hussein -- a hazardous venture in a land where criticism of the President is punishable by death.
The slogans, saying "Down with Saddam," were not widespread and were quickly painted over, according to Western reporters recently in Baghdad. But they would have been unthinkable in prewar Iraq, dominated by the President's pervasive security agencies.
"A lot of people are suffering stoically," said a reporter who asked not to be further identified. "They are becoming indifferent to all the propaganda on Baghdad radio. What is remarkable is that very few people seem to be rallying 'round the flag. Saddam is no Churchill."
In his speech tonight, however, the Iraqi leader seemed to be seeking to rally his people to him as the impact of the war deepens and Iraqis prepare for greater deprivation in a possible ground war to evict Baghdad's forces from Kuwait. It was the first time that his words had been broadcast since an interview two weeks ago with Peter Arnett of CNN. Since the war started, the Iraqi leader has rarely been seen or or heard by most Iraqis.
"All the good people will be as victorious as Iraq," he declared tonight, "and victory will restore to the Iraqis all the requirements for a free and honorable living that they will merit for patience and steadfastness.
"Each hour and day they become more firm in what they believe," he went on. "Iraq is not ready to relinquish the role given to it by its God."
The official Iraqi News Agency sent excerpts from the speech to Western news agencies in Cyprus.
Earlier, Teheran radio quoted the Iranian President, Hashemi Rafsanjani, as expressing annoyance with Iraq for invading Kuwait and castigating the United States for resorting to military operations.
Mr. Velayati, his Foreign Minister, said that Mr. Hussein, in his most recent message to Iran about peace efforts, had not completely ruled out negotiation. "What we could understand from the message of Saddam was they don't rule out a peaceful settlement," Mr. Velayati said, "but if the other side insists on war as the only solution to this crisis, they are determined to continue the fight." Meeting With Jordanian Ruler
Mr. Hammadi, the Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister, who took the Iraqi message to Teheran yesterday, then flew to Amman to meet King Hussein of Jordan.
He told reporters today: "We are prepared to enter into negotiations for a peaceful solution, but we want the United States to keep away from us and not to interefere in our affairs." He insisted that any negotiations to end the war take place exclusively among Arabs after an end to what he termed American aggression -- terms that Washington has rejected.
"We still support the Arab solution if the United States renounces its designs," he said.
In Washington, Secretary of State James A. Baker 3d said he did not object to a planned visit to Baghdad by the Soviet Union's special Middle East envoy, Yevgeny M. Primakov. If Mr. Primakov succeeds in persuading Mr. Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait, Mr. Baker said, "more power to them."


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Certified Cat Collector Hooded Sweatshirt
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You may not be a crazy cat person, but some people might think you're well on your way! Show off your love for your furry friends with this funny cat t shirt, a perfect gift for cat lovers or anyone who can appreciate a fine cat joke! The cute cats on this kitty t shirt are paw-bumping to show their maximum approval for crazy cat ladies everywhere!
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Wonton Chips
Make your own chips!
- Ingredients
- step-by-step directions
Wonton Chips
- 18 square Wonton Wrappers
- Vegetable Oil or melted Butter
- Sea Salt or Sesame Seeds
- Cut the wonton wrappers in half diagonally, and arrange them on a cookie sheet.
- Spray with vegetable oil or brush lightly with melted butter. Top with sea salt or sesame seeds.
- Bake at 350 degrees F for a few minutes until golden brown and crisp.
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Lot 50: A white metal grey and white cultured pearl ring
Lot 50: A white metal (tests 18 carat gold) grey and white cultured pearl ring, pearls approx. 8.6mm diameter, ring size M, 4.2 gms.
Hampstead Auctions Ltd's Jewellery, Silver, Watches and General Antiques
Tuesday, 17th November 2015
Estimate: £80-120
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Normally in Southern Ontario we have two seasons, summer and winter (or, as some people like to say, winter and construction), our spring and fall never seem to last more than two weeks but this year?! This year fall is in full force! We've had several weeks of beautiful fall weather so today I couldn't help myself but test out my half-marathon legs and walk home from work.
Still on the squash , I can't help it, I have an open can of butternut squash and have been sucked into the blog void where it seems all of my Google Reader is inundated with squash type things (except most are pumpkin related – blech!). But I thought I'd try something different and add it to my Red River cereal !
Butternut Squash Hot Cereal
This is seriously some good eats!
- 1/4c of Red River cereal (or any other hot cereal)
- 3/4c soy milk
- 1/4c water
- 1/4c canned butternut squash (or freshly mashed if you're feeling spunky)
- Toppings of choice (this had sliced banana, sunflower seeds, a palmful of granola and some cacao nibs for crunch).
All you need to do is cook up your cereal like you normally would and then near the end, add the squash and stir to mix and heat up a bit. Serve as usual!
I know it sounds weird, squash in cereal, but I promise, it's really quite good AND you get a serving of vegetables in before lunch! How can you possibly go wrong?!
The rest of the evening's plans include pita pizza's and watching the second episode of Boardwalk Empire . Has anyone started watching it yet? I really like it so far! Tomorrow I'm very busy spending most of my day baking and cooking! I have an early Thanksgiving on Sunday with my best friend and her boyfriend, I'm in charge of a veggie dish and dessert, I'm also going to be making some special goodies for those who won the giveaway ! And I have a secret dish to bake which I can't tell you about until next week! The evening will be busy working on some school projects once Alan goes to work! Nothing like an excited Saturday night of school work! Ha!
Sunday I'm planning my first run since the half , just a nice, leisurely 5k around the neighbourhood before being whisked away for a great afternoon of Thanksgiving food, wine and hot tub action! Nothing says "Thanksgiving" like a hot tub! 😉
I still have two people who haven't contacted me about winning the giveaway! Please head over to see if you won and send me an email with your address to lifestastyadventures at gmail dot com!


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It's not a great time to be LDS and LGBT, but author Brian Andersen shows us that queer Mormons can be heroes, regardless of what their elders say.
The Amazing Amazon continues to fight for our rights in her satin tights with the latest chapter of Wonder Woman '77. Check out our exclusive sneak peek and interview with super scribe Marc Andreyko.
Lego's new Marvel Avengers videogame allows players to be either Wiccan or Hulkling.
The golden age of science fiction magazines served up some interesting queerish images. We have seen the future, and the future is gay.
Take a night off from Netflix and chill and open up these page-turners.


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Isaiah 4 | King James Bible |
Chapter 5 | |
1 | Now will I sing4 to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful 8081 hill: |
2 | And he fenced17 it, and gathered out the stones17 thereof, and planted4 it with the choicest vine, and built4 a tower in the midst of it, and also made1 a winepress therein: and he looked17 that it should bring forth2 grapes, and it brought forth4 wild grapes. |
3 | And now, O inhabitants6 of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge,3 I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard. |
4 | What could have been done2 more to my vineyard, that I have not done1 in it? wherefore, when I looked14 that it should bring forth2 grapes, brought it forth4 wild grapes? |
5 | And now go to; I will tell55 you what I will do6 to my vineyard: I will take away53 the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up;15 [and] break down2 the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down: |
6 | And I will lay4 it waste: it shall not be pruned,11 nor digged;11 but there shall come up1 briers and thorns: I will also command17 the clouds that they rain53 no rain upon it. |
7 | For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts [is] the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked17 for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry. |
8 | Woe unto them that join56 house to house, [that] lay55 field to field, till [there be] no place, that they may be placed90 alone in the midst of the earth! |
9 | In mine ears [said] the LORD of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, [even] great and fair, without inhabitant.6 |
10 | Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield4 one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield4 an ephah. |
11 | Woe unto them that rise up early56 in the morning, [that] they may follow4 strong drink; that continue18 until night, [till] wine inflame55 them! |
12 | And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard55 not the work of the LORD, neither consider1 the operation of his hands. |
13 | Therefore my people are gone into captivity,1 because [they have] no knowledge: and their honourable men [are] famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst. |
14 | Therefore hell hath enlarged52 herself, and opened1 her mouth without measure: and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, and he that rejoiceth, shall descend1 into it. |
15 | And the mean man shall be brought down,11 and the mighty man shall be humbled,4 and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled:4 |
16 | But the LORD of hosts shall be exalted4 in judgment, and God that is holy shall be sanctified8 in righteousness. |
17 | Then shall the lambs feed1 after their manner, and the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers6 eat.4 |
18 | Woe unto them that draw6 iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope: |
19 | That say,6 Let him make speed,17 [and] hasten55 his work, that we may see4 [it]: and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh4 and come,4 that we may know4 [it]! |
20 | Woe unto them that call6 evil good, and good evil; that put6 darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put6 bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter! |
21 | Woe unto [them that are] wise in their own eyes, and prudent12 in their own sight! |
22 | Woe unto [them that are] mighty to drink2 wine, and men of strength to mingle2 strong drink: |
23 | Which justify56 the wicked for reward, and take away55 the righteousness of the righteous from him! |
24 | Therefore as the fire 784 devoureth2 the stubble, and the flame consumeth4 the chaff, [so] their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up4 as dust: because they have cast away1 the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised14 the word of the Holy One of Israel. |
25 | Therefore is the anger of the LORD kindled1 against his people, and he hath stretched forth4 his hand against them, and hath smitten55 them: and the hills did tremble,4 and their carcases [were] torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away,1 but his hand [is] stretched out7 still. |
26 | And he will lift up1 an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss1 unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come4 with speed swiftly: |
27 | None shall be weary nor stumble6 among them; none shall slumber4 nor sleep;4 neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed,8 nor the latchet of their shoes be broken:8 |
28 | Whose arrows [are] sharp,6 and all their bows bent,7 their horses' hoofs shall be counted8 like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind: |
29 | Their roaring [shall be] like a lion, they shall roar4 7580 1 like young lions: yea, they shall roar,4 and lay hold4 of the prey, and shall carry [it] away safe,55 and none shall deliver56 [it]. |
30 | And in that day they shall roar4 against them like the roaring of the sea: and if [one] look14 unto the land, behold darkness [and] sorrow, and the light is darkened1 in the heavens thereof. |
SpeedBible Software © 2001-2002 by johnhurt.com


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Pumpkin Tiramisu
Recipe by Candace Michelle
Instead of making pumpkin pie for holidays, why not try this pumpkin tiramisu?! Since I work at a coffee shop I am always on the lookout for unique tiramisu recipes. This one was found at Group Recipes, posted by Annieamie.
Top Review by bullwinkle
I got mixed reviews on this dish. I have had a taste of Tiramisu once so I didn't really know how it was suppose to taste but I made this for the Tiramisu lovers in my family and they said it was good but needed more pumpkin flavor. Had to use pound cake because I couldn't find ladyfingers. Thanks Candance Michelle. Bullwinkle
See Discussion:
1 ReviewIngredients Nutrition
- 1 fresh butter pound cake, cut into finger size pieces (or 2 packages lady fingers)
- 226.79 g mascarpone cheese
- 118.29 ml canned pumpkin puree
- 591.47 ml heavy cream, whipped and chilled in advance
- 29.58 ml orange juice (or a good rum)
- 4.92 ml cinnamon
- 2.46 ml ground nutmeg
- 354.88 ml powdered sugar (or more if you like it sweeter)
- 4.92 ml vanilla extract
- Whip and chill your heavy cream at least an hour before starting this recipe. Keep it in the fridge!
- Using a 9 inch pan (or a glass trifle dish), layer the ladyfingers over the bottom of the pan.
- Sprinkle either the orange juice or rum over the lady fingers.
- Mix the mascarpone cheese with pumpkin, spices, powdered sugar and vanilla until blended well.
- Fold in ONLY 1 1/2 cups of the whipped cream gently.
- Layer this over the lady fingers.
- Using the remaining whipped cream, layer that over the pumpkin/cream layer.
- Sprinkle lightly with cinnamon. (I always add a pinch of orange zest for color and flavor.).
- Cover and refrigerate at least 4 hours or overnight.
- If you're making this in a trifle bowl, you can make more layers but make sure that your lady fingers have been sprinkled with either the orange juice or the rum. I usually double the recipe and prepare it in a 13x9 inch glass dish.
- *Do not use canned Pumpkin Pie Mix!
- **** Lady Fingers! Sometimes these cookies are hard to find in a super market. If you ask a Manager about them, usually they know where they are stocked in the store. If you have an Italian market, you'll find them there and they have the firmer lady fingers which are perfect for tiramisu recipes.
- If you can't find any ladyfingers anywhere, just buy a frozen or fresh pound cake. Slice it into 1/2 inches slices and then cut 3 or4 finger-length pieces out of each slice. You can bake these cake "fingers" in the oven at 325 degrees until lightly toasted and then cool them. Or you can use the fresh or frozen cake immediately after slicing. You can even do this with your basic white or yellow cake mix after it has baked and cooled. Vanilla wafers can also be used as they are in most of the Ice Box cake recipes. So if you can't find any lady fingers, don't worry. Use your imagination and come up with a good substitution and your recipe will be great because of the rest of the wonderful ingredients!


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St Petersburg Florida Process Server
As a Florida licensed real estate agent working short sales in Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Manatee counties, I check the lis pendens filings in each of those counties each day shortly after they are filed. A couple of weeks ago I saw a foreclosure filing for a property in the subdivision of my own residence in St Petersburg, FL. Looking a little closer I discovered that it was for the home directly next door to my own.
I do mailouts to folks in St Petersburg, Clearwater, Seminole, Tampa, Bradenton, Sarasota, Palm Harbor, Largo, Pinellas Park, Safety Harbor and basically all areas in and around the Tampa Bay area for those who have recently been named defendant in a foreclosure action. I get a good response I think partly because my services are free to them and partly because my mailers are chock full of information that can help them get out of this foreclosure mess, containing the harm to their credit report, and getting them a check for $3,000 for relocation – again all of that is free. You see licensed real estate agents in Florida represent sellers in short sale transactions in a fiduciary relationship yet shorting lenders pay their fee upon closing the transaction. Banks need Florida real estate agents to get short sales closed and if you are a Florida short seller then you need a real estate agent too. The idea that there is a short sale expert who can guide them through the process is appealing and perhaps even more so if it is someone that they don't already know. My friendly mailer is timely. But I'm getting sidetracked here, back to my neighbor.
I'm not sure he speaks English. I waive to him every now and then when I see him in the front yard. He smiles and waives back. I've tossed a few volleyballs back over the fence that landed in my backyard when the kids were playing – I hear a child say thank you as the ball bounces back into their yard. The kids speak English but I don't think the father does. Anyways, I saw the foreclosure filing and decided not to send my mailer to him.
Why you ask? I'm not sure but something felt strange about it because I never know how someone might react. When I send the mailer offering Florida short sale help to strangers in the Tampa Bay area I learn that almost all of them know, are related to, or are friends with another Florida real estate agent yet they choose to work with me, and perhaps the fact that I don't already know them is what is appealing. People need to come to grips with the fact that homes are upside down, incomes have been reduced, living expenses have increased, etc. and it is easier to talk with a realtor-stranger who you know is an expert than it is to bear your soul to the local realtor-agent-friend whose kid plays on the same little league team as your own.
A few minutes before writing this article I stepped outside. It was around 9 pm Monday night. A creepy pick up truck was parked in front of my neighbor's house. I hadn't seen it before and it was parked in an odd way blocking the driveway. A few more steps outside and the pick up truck starts its engine and drives away. The first thought that came to my mind was that my neighbor has just been served his foreclosure complaint by the driver of the creepy pick up truck. After that I started thinking about how many people are going through this exact situation right now – just served with a Florida foreclosure complaint by a process server. And finally, I wrote this article.


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Posted on 08 November 2012
Adrian Porter Head of Strategic Research
Lessons from our latest industry report '20 Scottish single malt distilleries: No time to sit still - building brand awareness in the digital world'
Back in June Diageo announced that it was set to invest £1billion in Scotch whisky production over the next five years. This announcement, coupled with Precedent's interest in the industry, provoked me to research the online presence of 20 of Scotland's top single malt whisky brands. Diageo, and a number of other distilleries in the market, are showing great ambition for expansion, particularly in relation to growth in emerging markets. We wanted to discover how prepared distilleries are to leverage the awareness of single malt that will inevitably be created when Diageo, and others, up their marketing ante? The report can be ordered here, in it are lots of examples of how the featured brands are using digital both in the UK and China. One of the interesting observations contained in the report is that whisky brands' digital presences seem to be managed, populated and created by agencies with a PR-led view of how to measure success. This manifests itself in digital properties containing a lot of references to physical events, PR stunts and so on, all of which are part of the brand awareness mix, but we found little evidence of any imaginative use of digital. In the graph above there are two obvious peaks in the buzz volume generated by one of the brands in our report Laphroaig. Each year Laphroaig broadcasts an event known as 'Laphroaig Live' across the internet. It is a reasonably large set piece event, which is keenly followed. This year the event came from the Oktoberfest in Germany, and the buzz generated related to the simple key words 'Laphroaig' and 'whisky' is represented by the left-hand peak on the graph. The second and of course considerably larger peak in buzz volume is directly attributable to a posting on a long established blog called Kottke.org about a collection of videos on the Esquire website in which actor Brian Cox teaches anyone interested how to pronounce over 40 whisky brand names, an interesting asset in itself. However the main feature of the blog post is an embedded tongue in cheek YouTube video teaching people how to pronounce the Laphroaig name. This video on YouTube has been viewed 81,411 times, 7,018 of which are directly attributable to the Kottke blog! A short investigation of the blog revealed that its abiding principle is that 'People are Awesome'. Match this to the assertion on Laphroaig's website home page that Islay, where the whisky is produced, has 'created a hardy people whose single-mindedness and honesty is as distinctive as Laphroaig' and it is not much of a leap to understand how with a little creative thinking Laphroaig could have leveraged this exposure to its advantage at a fraction of the cost of a live broadcast from Germany...


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One of our favorite singers, Sony Holland will be back @ Herb Alpert's Vibrato (2930 N. Beverly Glen Cir, Los Angeles, CA) for a rare live date in LA with her band, which consists of Jerry Holland (guitar), Andy Langham (piano), Hussain Jiffry (bass) and Kevin Winard (drums).
"Should be lots of fun! It's been a number of years since we've been back there and we are looking forward," Sony says. Not to be missed.
Friday, June 17, 2016
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Candie's Spokeswoman Previously Claimed Bristol Was UnpaidIrin Carmon4/06/11 6:20pm14EditPromoteGo to permalinkLast year, Candie's spokesperson told Slate, "Bristol is not paid for her role as spokesperson but is compensated for travel and other expenses," as Palingates points out. Today: "Ms. Palin was compensated for her work with the foundation." Why lie?
Candie's Responds To Bristol Palin Pay ControversyIrin Carmon4/06/11 2:00pm51EditPromoteGo to permalinkCandie's hasn't responded to our detailed questions about its work with Bristol Palin, but it has responded to the overall controversy about her being paid over $260,000, while only $35,000 has gone to actual anti-pregnancy initiatives. Here's the gist:


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The Kakadu Scorpion Off-Road is a hybrid pop-top with action in mind.+MORE
Decades of camping this wide brown land can turn up some stellar sites. Here are 14 of Chris Whitelaw's favourites.+MORE
When it comes to the ultimate camp oven setup, these are the must-have items you need. +MORE
It's the little things that set the Austrack Savannah apart from the crowd.+MORE
Trade Safely. Use our anti-scam guide to protect yourself.
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The Avan Nathan offers sufficient luxury at quite an affordable price. The spacious full ensuite has a separate shower & toilet plus great storage and bench space . The living space has a L shape lounge and well appointed kitchen with the island bed at the front. This van is well designed and has great storage including overhead cupboards, under bed storage and a large front boot. Inspect today! 2016 Avan Nathan 609 Caravan Ref: AV2148 Price: $58,490 Tow Away Factory Options: A&E Roll out awning TV swing arm bracket Flat screen TV Radio / Cd player Tare 1910kg ATM 2310kg Body length 19ft 10 Garage length 25ft 3 Height 9ft 6 5.9 Hot dipped galvanised centurion chassis Independent suspension Recessed coupling Island bed Reverse cycle air conditioner Cafe style dinette with tri-fold table 90ltr 3 way fridge freezer Electric gas hot water service Electric water pump Gas electric cooktop and grill Microwave Large slide out pantry Full ensuite with separate shower and toilet Plenty of bench space in ensuite TV aerial connection 95amp deep cycle battery with built-in charger LED lighting Underbed storage Plenty of overhead storage space His & Hers wardrobes with hanging space Double glazed and tinted windows 2x 95ltr fresh water tank Lockable water filter 2x 4kg gas bottle and regulator 240v external power point Spare wheel AW RV World are dealers for NEW Avan, Golf, Crusader, Royal Flair, and Sunliner range in Motorhomes, Campervans & Caravan, plus the wide range of pre-owned stock including Jayco, Avida, Coromal, New Age, Windsor, Winnebago and many more. We also offer a range of pre-owned cars and 4x4 for towing your caravan, all come with VIC road worthies, appropriate warranties and have been mechanically checked. THE AW RV WORLD EXPERIENCE Family owned and operated business. WE TRADE - Ask us for a change over figure today! Mechanical and technician checks on all pre-owned units. Personal handover on delivery. Ask us about our Try Before You Buy with our rental fleet. Drive-through Service Centre offering servicing, repairs, upgrades, and insurance & warranty work. Relax in our large customer lounge while we work on your pride and joy. Join us on Facebook! Our central hub for dealership and industry updates, promotions & special deals, and travel tips for a safe and comfortable trip.
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Reviews for Fade Together |
Firefly Gold Sky chapter 1 . 1/28 I think this is my favorite Mimato story EVER. *_* It is perfection to me. Mimi and Yamato...Sigh! They are great together. |
Closet Libra chapter 1 . 10/6/2015 Another beautiful story. I love how you write mimato! |
kimborliee chapter 1 . 12/19/2006 that was just adorable nd so cute! totally luved it! hope to read more from u ! Mimato forever |
DrippingInk chapter 1 . 10/21/2006 I'll have to think about this one... well, it was really adorable. Matt and Mimi are simply so cute together that I can't help but believe that their relationship is something more. This fan fiction brings out the reality between them and their conflicting former lovers and partners (including the other DigiDestined, such as Sora and Joe). I think these two were meant to be together. The inclusion of a lost ring felt that much more realistic and their lengthy conversation was revealing of how they felt for the other. Perhaps it's just me, but the ending almost seemed like they broke up (though that probably wasn't your intention). Nonetheless, this was a fantastic story and I still wish that these two were married at the end of 02 (why Sora?). -DI |
ana chapter 1 . 8/14/2006 hey good story, i loved it its verry cute! i hope you continew to write stories with mimato. |
This Little Lady chapter 1 . 6/8/2006 Aw...how sweet and romantic...Yeah,I wish he could've stayed the night at Mimi's...I bet something 'good' will happen..hehehe |
Charm chapter 1 . 2/9/2006 I loved this story so much! It's so romantic. |
lisyaoranlover chapter 1 . 1/29/2006 very cute. |
Mrs.Ishida-to-you chapter 1 . 1/1/2006 aww, i needed a good fluffy mimato. that was adorable. i loved it. Good work! |
Digital Damita chapter 1 . 11/25/2005 Aw I lovethat totally its 11pm in the uk and I'm reading mimi and matt fics since I have been watching season two and this really cheered me up, LOVE IT! |
ladieassassin chapter 1 . 11/23/2005 aww! how sad and cute at the same time. continue please ] |
MimatoForever chapter 1 . 11/22/2005 another lovely story! It was great and besides Matt and Mimi are just so cute together |
murphy chapter 1 . 11/22/2005 your story... breathtaking. this couple is one of my fav's, but it's not just that. the way you wrote about their thoughts.. those easy an uneasy silences... the painfull sensation of looking back at your own mistakes... amazing. |
Alexandrra chapter 1 . 11/22/2005 wonderful, really.. i love this couple too.. so keep on writing! |


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SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 1 Centripetal Acceleration and Circular Motion SPH4UIW ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 2 The Circle Babylonian Numbers And you thought your homework was difficult ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 3 Round Round
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 4
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 5 Uniform Circular Motion l What does it mean? l How do we describe it? l What can we learn about it? ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 6 A B C Answer: B v Circular Motion Question A ball is going around in a circle attached to a string. If the string breaks at the instant shown, which path will the ball follow? ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 7 What is Uniform Circular Motion? l Motion in a circle with: è Constant Radius R v è Constant Speed v = |v| R v x y (x,y) ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 8 Why do we Feel a Force Toward the Centre? R v x y (cos(θ),sin(θ)) -> Calculus gives us a clue a
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 9 How can we describe UCM? l In general, one coordinate system is as good as any other: è Cartesian: » (x,y) [position] » (v x,v y ) [velocity] è Polar: » (R, )[position] » (v R, ) [velocity] l In UCM: è R is constant (hence v R = 0). angular velocity (angular velocity) is constant. è Polar coordinates are a natural way to describe UCM! R v x y (x,y) ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 10 Polar Coordinates: l The arc length s (distance along the circumference) is related to the angle in a simple way: s = R , where is the angular displacement. units of are called radians. For one complete revolution ( c ): 2 R = R c c = 2 has period 2 . R v x y (x,y) s 1 revolution = 2 radians ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 11 Velocity of UCM in Polar Coordinates l In Cartesian coordinates, we say velocity dx/dt = v. è x = vt (if v is constant) In polar coordinates, angular velocity d /dt = . = t (if is constant) has units of radians/second. l Displacement s = vt. but s = R = R t, so: R v x y s t This is my way of saying velocity is the change of position over the change of time. ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 12 Period and Frequency of UCM l Recall that 1 revolution = 2 radians è frequency (f) = revolutions / second (a) angular velocity ( ) = radians / second (b) l By combining (a) and (b) = 2 f l Realize that: è period (T) = seconds / revolution So T = 1 / f = 2 / R v s = 2 / T = 2 f
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 13 Recap of UCM: R v s t (x,y) x = R cos( ) = R cos( t) y = R sin( ) = R sin( t) = arctan (y/x) = t s = v t s = R = R t v = R
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 14 Acceleration in Uniform Circular Motion vv1vv1 vv2vv2 vvvv vv2vv2 vv1vv1 R RRRR Centripetal acceleration Centripetal force: F c = mv 2 /R a v a ave = v / t Acceleration inward Acceleration is due to change in direction, not speed. Since turns "toward" center, acceleration is toward the center. ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 15 Definitions l Uniform Circular Motion: occurs when an object has constant speed and constant radius l Centripetal Acceleration (or radial acceleration, a c ): the instantaneous acceleration towards the centre of the circle l Centrifugal Force: fictitious force that pushes away from the centre of a circle in a rotating frame of reference (which is noninertial) ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 16 Equations to know l These are the equations for centripetal acceleration (which we will derive this class) T – period (not to be confused with tension) f - frequency R – radius v – speed ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 17 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion l Consider the centripetal acceleration a R of a rotating mass: è The magnitude is constant. è The direction is perpendicular to the velocity and inward. è The direction is continually changing. l Since a R is nonzero, according to Newton's 2 nd Law, there must be a force involved. ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 18 l Consider a ball on a string: è There must be a net force force in the radial direction for it to move in a circle. è Other wise it would just fly out along a straight line, with unchanged velocity as stated by Newton's 1 st Law l Don't confuse the outward force on your hand (exerted by the ball via the string) with the inward force on the ball (exerted by your hand via the string). l That confusion leads to the mis-statement that there is a "centrifugal" (or center-fleeing) force on the ball. That's not the case at all! ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 19 Deriving centripetal acceleration equations l A particle moves from position r 1 to r 2 in time Δt l Because v is always perpendicular to r, the angle between v 1 and v 2 is also θ. l Start with equation for magnitude of instantaneous acceleration ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 20 Deriving centripetal acceleration equations Deriving centripetal acceleration equations l For Δr, find r 2 - r 1 For Δv, find v 2 - v 1 Similar triangles! The ratios of sides are the same for both triangles! Notice: ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 21 Deriving centripetal acceleration equations Sub this into our original acceleration equation. -> Ratios of similar Triangles are the same
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 22 Deriving centripetal acceleration equations l Okay, everything is straightforward now except this thing. But hey! That's just the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity! (also called speed, which is constant for uniform circular motion) ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 23 Still deriving centripetal acceleration Finally… a much nicer equation. But what if we don't know speed v? ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 24 Almost done now l The period (T) is the time it take to make a full rotation ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 25 And here's the last equation l Frequency is the number of rotations in a given time. It is often measured in hertz (Hz) l If the particle has a frequency of 100Hz, then it makes 100 rotations every second ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 26 Preflights Consider the following situation: You are driving a car with constant speed around a horizontal circular track. On a piece of paper, draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD) for the car. How many forces are acting on the car? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 f W FNFN correct F = ma = mv 2 /R a=v 2 /R R "Fn = Normal Force, W = Weight, the force of gravity, f = centripetal force." "Gravity, Normal, Friction" ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 27 Preflights Consider the following situation: You are driving a car with constant speed around a horizontal circular track. On a piece of paper, draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD) for the car. The net force on the car is f W FNFN A. Zero B. Pointing radially inward C. Pointing radially outward F = ma = mv 2 /R a=v 2 /R R correct If there was no inward force then the car would continue in a straight line. ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 28ACT Suppose you are driving through a valley whose bottom has a circular shape. If your mass is m, what is the magnitude of the normal force F N exerted on you by the car seat as you drive past the bottom of the hill A. F N mg v mg FNFN R F = ma F N - mg = mv 2 /R F N = mg + mv 2 /R a=v 2 /R correct ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 29 Roller Coaster Example What is the minimum speed you must have at the top of a 20 meter diameter roller coaster loop, to keep the wheels on the track. mg N Y Direction: F = ma -N – mg = -m a -N – mg = -m v 2 /R Let N = 0, just touching -mg = -m v 2 /R g = v 2 / R v = (gR) v = (9.8)(10) = 9.9 m/s ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 30 l Bonnie sits on the outer rim of a merry-go-round with radius 3 meters, and Klyde sits midway between the center and the rim. The merry-go-round makes one complete revolution every two seconds. è Klyde's speed is: (a) (a) the same as Bonnie's (b) (b) twice Bonnie's (c) (c) half Bonnie's Klyde Bonnie Bonnie travels 2 R in 2 seconds v B = 2 R / 2 = 9.42 m/s Klyde travels 2 (R/2) in 2 seconds v K = 2 (R/2) / 2 = 4.71 m/s Merry-Go-Round ACT ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 31 Merry-Go-Round ACT II l Bonnie sits on the outer rim of a merry-go-round, and Klyde sits midway between the center and the rim. The merry-go- round makes one complete revolution every two seconds. è Klyde's angular velocity is: (a) (a) the same as Bonnie's (b) (b) twice Bonnie's (c) (c) half Bonnie's Klyde Bonnie l The angular velocity of any point on a solid object rotating about a fixed axis is the same. è Both Bonnie & Klyde go around once (2 radians) every two seconds. ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 32 Problem: Motion in a Circle l A boy ties a rock of mass m to the end of a string and twirls it in the vertical plane. The distance from his hand to the rock is R. The speed of the rock at the top of its trajectory is v. è What is the tension T in the string at the top of the rock's trajectory? R v T
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 33 Motion in a Circle... l Draw a Free Body Diagram (pick y-direction to be down): Fa l We will use F NET = ma (surprise) F l First find F NET in y direction: F F NET = mg +T T gmggmg y
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 34 Motion in a Circle... F F NET = mg +T l Acceleration in y direction: a ma = mv 2 / R mg + T = mv 2 / R T = mv 2 / R - mg R T v gmggmg y F = ma
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 35 Motion in a Circle... l What is the minimum speed of the mass at the top of the trajectory such that the string does not go limp? è i.e. find v such that T = 0. mv 2 / R = mg + T v 2 / R = g l Notice that this does not depend on m. R gmggmg v T= 0
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 36 Lecture 6, Act 3 Motion in a Circle l A skier of mass m goes over a mogul having a radius of curvature R. How fast can she go without leaving the ground? R gmggmg N v (a) (b) (c)
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 37 Lecture 6, Act 3 Solution l mv 2 / R = mg - N l For N = 0: R v gmggmg N
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 38 Example: Force on a Revolving Ball l As shown in the figure, a ball of mass 0.150 kg fixed to a string is rotating with a period of T=0.500s and at a radius of 0.600 m. l What is the force the person holding the ball must exert on the string?
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 39 l As usual we start with the free-body diagram. l Note there are two forces è gravity or the weight, mg è tensional force exerted by the string, F T We'll make the approximation that the ball's mass is small enough that the rotation remains horizontal, =0. (This is that judgment aspect that's often required in physics.) l Looking at just the x component then we have a pretty simple result: +x
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 40 Example : A Vertically Revolving Ball l Now lets switch the orientation of the ball to the vertical and lengthen the string to 1.10 m. l For circular motion (constant speed and radius), what's the speed of the ball at the top? l What's the tension at the bottom if the ball is moving twice that speed?
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 41 l So to the free-body diagram, at the top, at point A, there are two forces: è tensional force exerted by the string, F TA è gravity or the weight, mg l In the x direction: l Let's talk about the dependencies of this equation. l Since mg is constant, the tension will be larger should v A increase. This seems intuitive. l Now the ball will fall if the tension vanishes or if F TA is zero +x
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 42 l At point B there are also two forces but both acting in opposite directions. Using the same coordinate system. l Note that the tension still provides the radial acceleration but now must also be larger than ma R to compensate for gravity. +x
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 43 Forces on a Swinging Weight Part 1 A mass is hanging off of two ropes, one vertical and one at an angle θ of 30°. The mass is 20 kg. What is the tension in the angled rope? Gravity is the force pulling down (vertical). Therefore the matching force pulling up is the tension in the vertical rope. The angled rope will have zero tension (it plays no role in holding up the mass).
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 44 Forces on a Swinging Weight Part 2 A mass is hanging off of two ropes, one vertical and one at an angle θ of 30°. The mass is 20 kg. What is the tension in the angled rope the instant the vertical rope is cut? Gravity is the force pulling down (vertical). Therefore the matching force pulling up is the tension in the angled rope. FGFG
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 45 Designing Your Highways! l Turns out this stuff is actually useful for è civil engineering such as road design è A NASCAR track l Let's consider a car taking a curve, by now it's pretty clear there must be a centripetal forces present to keep the car on the curve or, more precisely, in uniform circular motion. l This force actually comes from the friction between the wheels of the car and the road. l Don't be misled by the outward force against the door you feel as a passenger, that's the door pushing you inward to keep YOU on track!
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 46 Example: Analysis of a Skid l The setup: a 1000kg car negotiates a curve of radius 50m at 14 m/s. l The problem: If the pavement is dry and s =0.60, will the car make the turn? How about, if the pavement is icy and s =0.25?
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 47 l Looking at the car head-on the free-body diagram shows three forces, gravity, the normal force, and friction. l We see only one force offers the inward acceleration needed to maintain circular motion - friction. l First off, in order to maintain uniform circular motion the centripetal force must be: l To find the frictional force we start with the normal force, from Newton's second law: +y +x
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 48 Circular Car Ramp
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 49 l Back to the analysis of a skid. l Since v=0 at contact, if a car is holding the road, we can use the static coefficient of friction. l If it's sliding, we use the kinetic coefficient of friction. l Remember, we need 3900N to stay in uniform circular motion. l Static friction force first: l Now kinetic,
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 50 The Theory of Banked Curves l The Indy picture shows that the race cars (and street cars for that matter) require some help negotiating curves. l By banking a curve, the car's own weight, through a component of the normal force, can be used to provide the centripetal force needed to stay on the road. l In fact for a given angle there is a maximum speed for which no friction is required at all. l From the figure this is given by
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 51 Example: Banking Angle Example: Banking Angle Problem: For a car traveling at speed v around a curve of radius r, what is the banking angle for which no friction is required? What is the angle for a 50km/hr (14m/s) off ramp with radius 50m? l To the free-body diagram! Note that we've picked an unusual coordinate system. Not down the inclined plane, but aligned with the radial direction. That's because we want to determine the component of any force or forces that may act as a centripetal force. l We are ignoring friction so the only two forces to consider are the weight mg and the normal force F N. As can be seen only the normal force has an inward component.
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 52 l As we discussed earlier in the horizontal or + x direction, Newton's 2 nd law leads to: l In the vertical direction we have: Since the acceleration in this direction is zero, solving for F N l Note that the normal force is greater than the weight. l This last result can be substituted into the first: l For v= 14m/s and r= 50m
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 53 Nice to know: Angular Acceleration Angular acceleration is the change in angular velocity divided by the change in time. l If the speed of a roller coaster car is 15 m/s at the top of a 20 m loop, and 25 m/s at the bottom. What is the car's average angular acceleration if it takes 1.6 seconds to go from the top to the bottom? = 0.64 rad/s 2 ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 54 Constant angular acceleration summary (with comparison to 1-D kinematics) AngularLinear And for a point at a distance R from the rotation axis: x = R v = R a = R ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 55 CD Player Example Nice to Know l The CD in your disk player spins at about 20 radians/second. If it accelerates uniformly from rest with angular acceleration of 15 rad/s 2, how many revolutions does the disk make before it is at the proper speed? = 13.3 radians 1 Revolutions = 2 radians = 13.3 radians = 2.12 revolutions ->
SPH4UIW: Circular Motion, Pg 56 Summary of Concepts l Uniform Circular Motion è Speed is constant è Direction is changing è Acceleration toward center a = v 2 / r è Newton's Second Law F = ma l Circular Motion = angular position radians = angular velocity radians/second = angular acceleration radians/second 2 Linear to Circular conversions s = r l Uniform Circular Acceleration Kinematics è Similar to linear! ->
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People smuggling in a SUV on border
The Army has reported the arrest of a Dominican who was trying to smuggle 20 Haitians into the country in a Toyota Highlander SUV. Jesus Antonio Rodriguez, who was traveling with a 16-year old boy, was arrested in Los Cayucos, Montecristi near the Copey checkpoint when driving the Haitians to Santiago yesterday, Wednesday 8 October 2014. Rodriguez was sent to the prosecutor office in Montecristi and the illegal immigrants were delivered to the Immigration authorities in Dajabon, as reported in El Dia. Rodriguez is accused of violating Law 137-03 on illicit people trafficking.
Major General Jose Eugenio Matos de la Cruz said the arrest came with the strengthening of intelligence and security efforts of the army.
Source: DR1, Elcaribe.com.do
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Happy Friday and Happy Winter too!
We've been having some freezing temps here in my part of town and
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What is a Passing Tone? 6 Examples from Popular Songs
What is a Passing Tone?
In today's lesson, we will be discussing passing tones.
But before we do that…
It is important to understand that a passing tone is a type of non-chord tone.
So, What is a Non-Chord Tone?
A non-chord tone is any note in a song which is not part of the current chord progression.
Let's say you pick up the guitar and start strumming a C-major chord. The notes in a C-major chord are C, E and G.
Now, let's say you start singing "Doe, a deer, a female deer…" For anyone who is not familiar with The Sound of Music, the notes of this melody are C-D-E-C-E-C-E.
Notice that in the above list of notes, "C" and "E" are in the chord of C-major. The note "D" however, is not.
That means that "D" is a non-chord tone*, since it is not a part of the chord.
*A non-chord tone can also be called a non-harmonic tone. You can also write these terms without the "dash," i.e. the spelling "nonchord tone" or "nonharmonic tone" are acceptable.
"D" is also a Passing Tone
Also, notice that "C" goes up a step to "D," which then passes through on it's way up another step to "E."
That means that "D" is not just any old non-chord tone, it is a passing tone.
(Side note: When we say the word "step," we are referring to the interval of a 2nd. Check out my introduction to intervals.)
The note "D," circled in yellow, is a passing tone. Notice that it is approached by a step, from "C" to "D." Then, the melody continues with another step in the same direction, from "D" to "E," which resolves the melody to a chord tone.
Passing Tones and Why You Should Care
You may be beginning to understand what a passing tone is.
If it's not 100% clear yet, don't worry, because next I will be presenting 6 different examples from popular songs. From The Cure, to Beyoncé, to Green Day.
In addition to helping you understand what a passing tone is… we are going to go one step further (for you songwriters!)
Passing tones are important to understand and consider when you are trying to write a good melody.
Other non-chord tones are important as well, but we will be saving those for another lesson… another day.
Attention songwriters: As we go through our examples, I will be presenting a few action tips that you can apply to your own songs. That way, you will be armed with the knowledge to use passing tones – and the scales and scale fragments of which they are a part – to help put together a great melody. Even though much of songwriting is intuitive, these action tips can influence you both consciously and subconsciously to assist you in writing better music.
One last quick note about these action tips. I am not pulling these songwriting tips out of the clear blue sky – we are actually learning these lessons together directly from the songs which we are analyzing. That is the quest we are on.
OK, let's do this!
1. Beyoncé – Single Ladies
Beyoncé – Single Ladies
Listen to Beyoncé sing in this clip. Notice what the writers have accomplished using only three notes.
But – these three notes are not just any three notes, they are a scale fragment. To be specific, Beyoncé is singing the first, second and third scale degree (do, re and mi) of an E-major scale.
Using scale fragments is a powerful way to put together an irresistible melody. Once you start listening for them, you will hear them everywhere.
Here is the basic skeleton of the "Single Ladies" vocal melody in the clip above, using scale degrees:
Notice that the scale fragment is used in both an ascending and descending fashion.
So… Where is the Passing Tone?
The passing tone is the second scale degree, the 2 in the diagram above, which is an F-sharp.
Remember that passing tones are a type of non-chord tone.
- We know that F-sharp is a non-chord tone, because the implied harmony here is just a single chord, E-major. F-sharp is not part of an E-major chord.
- We know that F-sharp is a passing tone, because, just like in The Sound of Music example above, the F-sharp is approached by a chord-tone which is a step below, and then is resolved to a chord-tone which is a step above*.
*When the scale is descending, the path is reversed and the F-sharp is still a passing tone.
You can use this technique to write an awesome melody for one of your songs! Try this: Identify what key your song is in, and write down the corresponding scale. Take a fragment from that scale, three or four consecutive notes, and try to write a "Single Ladies" style melody using that fragment. If you are working in a DAW, try looping the section for which you are trying to write a melody, and improvise using your scale fragment. Record your attempts until you land on something inspiring.
2. Goodie Mob – Special Education feat. Janelle Monáe
Goodie Mob – Special Education feat. Janelle Monáe
In the Beyoncé example above, the vocals had three notes – the first, second and third scale degree – do, re and mi.
In this example, we hear the same notes, but this time the fifth scale degree is added. (And, while we're at it, we changed to a minor key)
In the excerpt above, listen to the synth line. Yes – passing tones and scale fragments are great for writing synth lines as well.
In this song, we are in the key of G-sharp minor. The implied harmony during the first 6 seconds of the above clip is also just a single chord, in this case, G-sharp minor.
The synth line is a simple 1, 2, ♭3, 5. Notice we have the same 2nd scale degree passing tone as we did in the previous example.
Are you starting to hear the passing tone? OK, great. Now, let's move on to some examples which are a little more complicated…
3. Green Day – Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
Green Day – Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
Green Day's "Time of your Life"…. the ultimate graduation song.
Up until now, our examples have been using a single chord.
So, let's say good riddance to one chord examples and graduate to a real, multi-chord song.
Time of Your Life
We hear a couple traditional passing tones right off the bat.
The song starts with a G-major chord, which contains the notes G, B and D. Meanwhile, our melody starts of at B, a chord tone, and steps up from C to D, and then back down to B again, via C.
Since C is not a note in a G-major chord, it is a non-chord tone. And since we see our traditional passing structure, it is a passing tone. Take a look at the chart below:
This excerpt from Green Day's "Good Riddance (Time of your Life)" contains regular passing tones and a double passing tone.
Next up, our melody lands on C, which happens to now be a chord-tone, because the chord progression in the guitar now moves to C-major. We previously mentioned that a C-major chord contains the notes C, E and G.
Next, notice the melody flows through the notes B and A on it's way to G. While G is a chord tone, B and A are not. Behold, the double passing tone! Yes, it is possible.
Finally, the melody goes to D, as the guitar plays a D chord.
Do you notice anything interesting going on?
The entire melody excerpted above is simply a winding G-major scale, which never skips a step. In fact, much of the melody of the entire song is written this way. Let's take this idea and run with it!
In this action tip, let's take the idea of using passing tones and scale fragments to the next level… Try using a full scale to compose a melody. Similar to our previous action tip, identify what key your song is in, and write out the full corresponding scale. Pick a note to start with, and try writing a melody by winding and following the scale around, never skipping a step – just like we heard in this Green Day song. Notice in the example above that the melody is landing on chord-tones when the chords change, this is good to keep in mind as you compose your melody.
4. The Cure – Just Like Heaven
The Cure – Just Like Heaven
Have a listen to the excerpt above, and listen to the guitar melody. If this doesn't convince you of the power of using scales to write a melody – nothing will!
The guitar melody is essentially one long descending A-major scale, starting on the third scale degree, and with a couple twists and turns during the second half.
Here is the guitar melody written out in simple scale degrees:
(this loops through twice in the audio embed above)
Side note: During the second half of the melody, there are other types of non-chord tones which are NOT passing tones. It is beyond the scope of today's article to cover these topics. So, for now, I am going to leave you in suspense. We will come back to this example in a future lesson when we cover other types of non-chord tones.
Over the A-major chord, we hear C-sharp, B and A in the guitar melody. The second scale degree, which is the note B, is a passing tone, just like we saw in the first two examples above.
Over the next chord, which is E-major, we hear the notes G-sharp, F-sharp and E. The passing tone again occurs on the second note in the sequence, which mirrors the structure of the melody during the first chord.
This mirroring/repetition is very pleasing to the ear. In fact, it's so pleasing, let's take a look at another example so we can really drive this point home…
5. They Might Be Giants – Istanbul
They Might Be Giants – Istanbul
As we started to see in our previous example – when writing a song, mirroring and repetition are very powerful tools. So, let's see what John & John, the two folks behind T.M.B.G., have in store for us.
The excerpt above starts off with an F-minor chord. Listen for the notes F, G, A♭, B♭, C (the "Constantinople get the works" in "Why did Constantinople get the works?"). This sequence of five notes contains two passing tones, G and B♭.
What else is special about this sequence of five notes? They are the beginning of an ascending minor scale.
The second chord is C major. Over this chord we hear the second half of the phrase, with the lyrics "That's nobody's business but the Turks."
The note C which completed our previous lyric (the word "works") continues for the word "that's," after which the melody drops down an octave and completes our ascending minor scale. The notes are C, D*, E*, F. The note "D" is a passing tone.
Notice that the writers of this song – John & John – the brilliant songwriters that they are**- used an ascending scale fragment, shifted a few notes downward, then used a second ascending scale fragment to complete the scale created in the first place, mirroring the form along the way. Behold, good songwriting!
*Minor scales are very flexible in terms of what sixth and seventh scale degrees can be used. That is why several different types of minor scales are usually taught in a traditional music theory class, with varying sixth and seventh scale degrees.
**Although John & John are brilliant songwriters, it turns out this song was actually not written by They Might Be Giants. Thanks to Matt C in the comments for pointing this out. See his comment below for additional info.
This is a concept you can use and adapt for your own songs. Try creating a scale fragment as we did in the first action tip. Now, brainstorm a few different ways you can "mirror" or repeat this scale fragment – just like John & John did. Here are a few ideas to get you started: Try repeating it up a step, or down a step, maybe even multiple times! Try repeating the scale fragment up or down a fifth, or an octave. Try moving the scale fragment around to correspond with chord changes.
6. The Beatles – Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds
The Beatles – Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds
And with this final example, I turn it over to you. Take a minute to listen and see if you can identify any passing tones. Let me know in the comments!
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Anna/Nancy Peaslee/George Jenks
Looking for information on Nancy or Anna Peaslee who was married to George Jenks. She was born about 1855 in Canada to Augustus and Elizabeth Crawford Peaslee. She was raised in Iowa and showed up in the 1900 census (Hyde Park IL)with husband George W. Jenks. The census indicated that she was the mother of two children (1 living) and that she and George had been married for 10 years. I suspect that this was not her first marriage, so the children may not have had Jenks as a last name. Does anyone have any information about this family?
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Re: Anna/Nancy Peaslee/George Jenks
Graham Peaslee 4/08/04


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Dec. 22: Alleged Russian arms trafficker Viktor Bout is escorted by Thai prison guards to the criminal court in Bangkok, Thailand. Bout, 41, has been indicted in the U.S. on four terrorism-related charges. He was arrested in Thailand on March 6 but denied any involvement in illicit activities.


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920 x 245
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375 x 30


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Feels like it's been months since I last wrote one of these posts. Think it's only been about a week or two but guess times different in blogland. Or at least feels like it.
Lets give major props to Em for getting all the topics for the rest of the year set. Seriously, if it wasn't for her I probably would've let this boat sink - but not because I don't love y'all, I'm just lazy.
Not really sure I can break it down to just one bad habit. Truth is I have a lot of little ones.
I can't stop myself from peeling off nail polish once it chips. Yes, I could try fixing the chip but painting over it only creates an awkward bumpy job. Ick. Nah...just chip that shit away. |
Ok, I'm tired so this post is gonna be short. I had a 10 hr work day and a 2.5 hr commute home. Blargh. Hope you'll join us for today's topic!
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