text:
The President of the United States opens his eyes and gazes at the silken sheets of his luxurious bed in the palace of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. He reaches for a new ornament, the Order of Merit medal awarded him for bravery in ensuring the King's nation received another $20 billion worth of new armaments. Bush and Abdullah spend a pleasant day walking on the beautiful lawns, watching people bow before the illustrious leaders of nations and then President Bush plays with his new Saudi curved sword and swipes at the air in the only combat this man will ever encounter in his life. The American president is just completing another venture in spreading the words of democracy to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Most probably, the King did not discuss with the president his latest example of democratic behavior when he graciously pardoned a woman who was raped because the religous fanatics of his kingdom wanted to lash her for daring to be in the wrong place and thus got raped.
President Bush once again uttered words of warning to his Arab friends about the evil Iran which is planning to drop nuclear weapons that don't exist just as Saddam Hussein unleashed the famous WMD that never existed. Heads nod in agreement with Bush's rhetoric of fear and hate, and papers eventually are signed to dispatch $20 billion more of arms to a nation that could not defeat anyone if it ever came to war. The game of spending money on armaments which sit idly by continues in the Kubaki dance of let's pretend. One can assume a smile crosses the lips of King Abdullah as the president rants on about democracy and freedom in a nation in which women are not even allowed to drive a car. For six years, Bush has been promoting the policy of democracy to nations which have absolutely no interest in democracy. The rhetoric of democracy never ceases, nor does the one person rule ever cease in the Middle East. Ironically, Iran is among the few nations of the region in which elections actually occurr.


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Justin writes:
Are you, Alan Dove and Prof. Racaniello, saying you think Mikovits and/or others on the Lombardi paper lied about the results or blinding? I think circumspection is a natural human reaction to the allegations of theft that have been made against Dr. Mikovits (my impression is that she was at least out of line, maybe worse, but I think we need to wait for all the evidence in those cases to come out before we make final conclusions).
And this rigorous study by Lipkin won't be believed by you, you say, if the results confirm the Lombardi paper- the burden is on them, not the other less rigorous studies.
You guys do make some good points. There are multiple lines of evidence against XMRV infecting humans in vivo. However, your assumptions and conclusions about the "pro-HGRV" scientists seem to me to be biased once again as compare to your conclusions about the "anti-HGRV" scientists and your silence on the outright fraudulent 'scientists' involved in XMRV and in ME science in general- eg CDC, Wessely school including McClure.
There is some circumstantial evidence of potential 'sketchiness' re Mikovits and you have no problem assuming the worst (which is a normal human reaction), but why the double standard when it comes to the "other side" - the proven frauds who wage war on ME science? I have asked this numerous times and don't get an answer.
I appreciate that you published David Tuller's piece on CDC, but that's all you've done. In this podcast you mentioned that he wrote the piece but you didn't mention that it's another documentation of the fake science done on ME by CDC. I can't think of another way to explain it but bias.
Justin, esq.
Suzanne writes:
I believe the main problem some conservatives have with gardasil (sp?) is that the abstinence only sex education programs in a lot of areas focus on "sex will kill you" type messages. HPV is one of the pillars of their argument. You can't say "Don't have sex at all or you're likely to catch this very prevalent virus that can cause cancer." if your students have been vaccinated against the main cancer causing strains.
Michael writes:
Great men of TWIV,
I'm a new virology/immunology postdoc, and I am very glad your podcast exists to remind me of all the virus out there I don't personally work on. Before I started listening I had forgotten all the details of everything except herpesviruses and poxviruses. You have a great camaraderie — no matter how interesting the subject matter, I wouldn't be able to listen if you sounded boring. For some reason I was surprised to see that Rich Condit does not have a beard.
I'd like to know what you think of this paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.07.010 (Manley et al [2011], Human Cytomegalovirus Escapes a Naturally Occurring Neutralizing Antibody by Incorporating It into Assembling Virions. Cell Host and Microbe 10:197)
One of the senior authors, Teresa Compton, gave a talk in our department recently and she made reference to some interesting finding that she wasn't allowed to talk about. This seems like it is probably that finding.
The idea of a virus incorporating an antibody into infectious particles is weird. Although the authors say it "illustrates a general mechanism of viral antibody escape", they don't mention this happening with any other antibodies, against CMV glycoprotein H or any other CMV protein. Do you think this is a freak occurrence? Since antibody clones are unique to each person, I'd be surprised if a virus can evolve resistance against a single antibody clone. Especially a herpesvirus which does not exactly have a high mutation rate.
Best wishes,
Penn State M.S. Hershey College of Medicine
Chen writes:
For viruses like CMV(cytomegalovirus), HBV or HIV, those which is characterized of latent infection, what factor controls its re-activation, what priority its genome-encode proteins are expressed and what the virus can be detected as early as you can.
Take CMV for example, most people are naturally infected with it. However, for immunocompromised people, etc, CMV can re-activate from latent state and cause great impair to host. As those people is defiecient in immune system, thus their [health relies on a drug ...] healty completely lie in the exterior drug combating the CMV when it reactivates. In such cases, detection of CMV as early as we can is the critical issue in ensuring the life safety of the people.
Sincerely looking forward to your reply and any advice.
best regards
Ph.D. Candidate
Laboratory of Structural Biology
Tsinghua University
Beijing 100084
Saul Silverstein writes:
No one knows what controls the switch from latency to virulence. More likely than not it is a manifestation of the host and site of infection. Changes in expression of host genes or activation of heatshock proteins may be the most likely explanation for release from latency.
Jason writes:
Hey guys,
I thought of a cool idea. I think it was Scientific American that used to do a historical look back at what was going on in science 50, 100 and 150 years ago. I reckon it would be great to pick a random virology/viral diseases article each week or month from 50 and 100 years ago and give a quick 30 second outline on what was going on, just to give us a bit of perspective on how far we have come.
Keep up the good work guys, you keep me company on the long drives to and from the lab each day. Actually I have all three podcasts TWIV, TWIP and TWIM on repeat in my car so I must have listened to each episode half a dozen times each. I am usually paying most of my attention to the traffic so I only absorb about 10% of what you are saying, which means I must be just over half way to hearing everything in the podcasts by now??
Anyway G'day from down under, the temperature is about 27DegC (? 81deg Fahrenheit ?) 25% humidity and a light breeze. Definitely a day for the beach :)
P.S I found the attached article yesterday I thought you might find it interesting.
You need a whale of a supercomputer to run a simulation like that, makes my little poliovirus virion simulations seem like minnows.
Senior Medical Scientist
National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory
WHO Poliomyelitis Regional Reference Laboratory
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory
North Melbourne,
Australia, 3051
He sent http://www.twiv.tv./11yt2114.pdf
Peter writes:
Dear Vincent, Rich, Alan and Dickson
As a fairly recent listener to TWiV I have just been trying to catch up with the many past episodes.
In TWiV #5 Vince and guest Saul Silverstein discussed Herpes viruses.
I am in my early 50's and had chicken pox before I was ten, would it in your opinion be worth me seeking vaccination against varicella zoster to reduce my chances of suffering from shingles in the future?
You also spoke about postherpetic neuralgia as a symptom of zoster.
This brought to mind another podcast I listen to - Dr Ginger Cambel's Brain Science Podcast.
In BSP Episode 69 Ginger was talking to R. Douglas Fields about his book The Other Brain about the influence of the glial cells on the activity of neurons, including their link to chronic pain.
Is it known if as well as infecting neurons the virus infects the Schwann cells and causes them to release neurotransmitters that make the neurones hypersensitive?
I have heard that vitamin D can have an anti-inflammatory effect and that many people are deficient in vitamin D, would this mean that postherpetic neuralgia could possibly be relieved by either vitamin D supplements or creams or by photo-therapy with UV light to induce vitamin D synthesis directly in the skin?
If chronic neuralgia is due to glial sensitization what other treatments may be of benefit?
Sorry for my rambling questions.
[I am a photographer from the UK now living in Turkey]
Saul Silverstein writes:
There is no question that the vaccine is efficacious for those over 55 who wish to be protected from zoster, it's not 100% but it clearly works.
VZV is found predominantly in neurons but there is evidence that it also may be in the supporting satellite cells as well.
Atila writes:
Dear Twivers,
I have heard many times the Myxoma virus and the rabbits in Australia cited as an example of a parasite evolving and causing less harm to its host, and got very intrigued with the question of who was adapted to what. Specially after TWiM 19, when I heard that the Y. pestis from 14th century has been sequenced and harbors very few genetic differences in relation to the strains that circulate today, so that the pathogenicity of the bubonic plague should be in the 14th century Europeans health, not in the bacteria.
As I understand, Myxoma viruses from South American rabbits were introduced in Australia to kill the plague of European rabbits, that never had had contact with this virus. At first, the virus killed something like 99% of the rabbits, but in the latter years it caused less and less deaths, and nowadays it does not kill more. And this is always cited as an example of a parasite that evolved to preserve the host. But who has changed? Is it a change in virus pathogenicity, host resistance, or both?
This made me think if someone has done the following experiments: if the virus was selected to be less pathogenic, the recent Myxoma virus from Australia should not kill the rabbits in Europe. If the rabbit has been selected to be more resistant, as may have been the case of pest survivors in past, Australian rabbits grown with no contact with Myxoma vírus, with no previous immunity, should be resistant to the American original viral lineage. Do you know if someone has tested this?
Thank you again for the great podcast,
Grant McFadden answers:
Your TWIV listener asks a really great question that gets to the very heart of how virus-host co-evolution actually works out there in biology-land. Remember, the experiment of releasing pathogenic myxoma virus into feral populations of European rabbits in Australia has been cooking for only about 60 years now, which is pretty long from our perspective but only a blink of the eye in evolutionary terms. But at least we can say that, so far, selective genetic adaptations are occurring in both the viruses currently replicating in the wild, as well as the host rabbits that are now hopping about in the Australian outback. The original myxoma virus strain released into Australia around 1950, which originated from Brazil and is called SLS (Standard Laboratory Strain), has now evolved into a collection of virus isolates that cause reduced mortality in the current wild Australian rabbits, down from an original mortality rate of over 99% to current levels of anywhere from 10-60% mortality. Note that the virus continues to transmit efficiently between rabbits via biting insects, especially mosquitoes, and so has established an endemic relationship (called enzootic) with these wild rabbits. These populations continue to co-evolve and so we only can report on a snap shot of what we see so far.
We know that both the rabbits and viruses have changed genetically by mutual evolutionary pressures. If you take the current field rabbits that have not yet been exposed to myxoma virus and challenge them in the lab with the original SLS strain of virus, they are indeed more resistant to the killing effects and thus tend to live longer with less overall mortality. But, interestingly, if you take current virus isolates from the field and put them into the original fully-sensitive European rabbit strains, the death rate varies from much reduced from the original 99% to even more virulent (ie that kills rabbits even faster than the original SLS strain!). What this shows is that evolutionary co-selection pressure has generated not only more resistant rabbits but also a family of virus lineages with very varied virulence characteristics, and these are all competing with each other right now in the wild. We actually don't know which virus-rabbit pairings will "win out" in the long run, but at least we can say that the disease severity we now see in the Australian wild is uniformly dropping from an original near-universal mortality to one that is now much less lethal but still allows for efficient virus dissemination from rabbit-to-rabbit.
Unfortunately, we don't really understand what the genetic changes in either the virus or the rabbits are really doing at the molecular level. Attempts have begun to fully sequence representative wild virus isolate strains to compare them to the original SLS strain. Lots of sequence variations in these viruses will be documented, but establishing which ones are functional for disease and which ones are "silent" will take quite some time. On the rabbit side, we know even less: although the full sequence of the original European rabbit (Orytolagus cuniculis) has been reported, nobody I know is currently sequencing the feral virus-resistant rabbits that are now living in the Australian outback. With DNA sequencing costs dropping so dramatically, perhaps somebody out there will one day pursue this scientific question in detail. Maybe even one of your TWIV listeners?
Anyway, I hope these points help clarify the question.
Thomas writes:
Hello TWiV crew!
Quick question for Dr. Racaniello et al:
In TWiM_21, you mention (roughly around 30 minutes in) that viruses that have a long infection time have an incentive to inhibit apoptosis, which you had brought up because of its connection to lesser known mitochondrial functions (Ca2+ regulation, etc as opposed to only respiration).
In a recent lecture I attended, a review titled "Hallmarks of Cancer" (see attached) mentioned evasion of apoptosis to be one vital pathway in the sustained development of cancer cells into metastatic forms.
Is there any way to trace the development of oncogene associated viruses to inhibition of apoptosis, or do these two mechanisms function independently?
I haven't been able to study the full details of cancer-correlated viral infections, but I'd imagine tracing phylogenetic heritage is generally much more difficult in viruses, due to smaller genome size and huge mutation rates (compared to the host genome). [Does horizontal gene transfer occur among viral quasi-species?]
**Q2: lately, I've been trying to find an effective algorithm to determine the usefulness of various life sciences textbooks online, or at least a quick way to sort out hand-waving quacks and legitimate ground breakers. The problem with this is that the review process is often based on a pitifully small sample size (n is often less than 10), and contain concerns over a) the truthfulness/thoroughness of the review and b) the ability of the reviewer to accurately evaluate what the book has to offer. Given that the avg. cost of a textbook at or above the undergraduate level is nothing to shrug off, it's a bit of a problem.
One such book is "Evolutionary Dynamics" by Martin A. Nowak. From what I can discern, the book contains a treatment of theoretical biology from a highly mathematical (by a standard biology perspective) approach, but in being a relatively newer and interdisciplinary set of topics it presumably has the advantage of being both ignored by spare-time-deprived academics and potentially very useful.
While I realize a vast portion of his thesis may be invalid once the mathematical obfuscation is removed (default treatment of unknown author is skepticism; his work could easily be legitimate), I write to you about this primarily due to a supposed prediction made about the field of HIV research by Nowak.
If Google Scholar and citation number are worth anything, I believe the relevant publications can be found here.
If you could shed some light on this topic, it would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time.
As usual, the shows are fantastic! Keep up the excellent work.
he sent http://www.twiv.tv/hanahan.pdf
Tim writes:
Dr. Raceniello & Esteemed Cohorts:
I am hoping that you would take the time to watch this video of Dr. Eric Schadt. You may know the basics -- and may want to fast forward through the beginning. This is the current location of the video:
Please comment on a couple items within the video. The items I like to hear your comments and discussion about:
· this extraordinary "gadget" he uses to analyze "real-time" and what it is doing and what he is doing at the molecular level and then at these systems level via computer modeling/simulation.
· And near the end of the video there is a very interesting virology/microbiology slide that he shows that he says is based upon unpublished data -- that he should publish pretty soon… so you may want to comment on this after it is published….
thank you for all the time that you all put into this podcast -- science education is so important!!
Lance writes:
Dear Doctors,
I just finished TWiV 160 with Dr. Moore. Great interview. I knew Dr. Moore and his wife Dr. Chang while I was doing my MS at the University of Pittsburgh. Great people, but I am really disappointed I never knew that Dr. Moore had an EIS background. I have had an interest in the EIS for many years now and hope to apply soon (when I finish my PhD, but who really knows how and when that happens). I know you have touched on the EIS program a few times, but it would be great if you could bring on some of the virologists that really made it famous e.g. Joseph McCormick, MD, CJ Peters, MD, or Peter Jahrling PhD.
A couple of messages to relay.
First to Dr. Despommier, the vertical farm project is alive and well in Chicago. I am sure he would be proud.
Second to Dr. Condit, tell him goodluck with his Personal Genome Project spit collection. I sent mine in about a month ago. Very interesting.
Thanks again for the great work all of you are doing,
Peter writes:
Dear TWiVsters,
Have you seen this picture of a T4 phage tattoo:
In 2007, science writer Carl Zimmer, having seen someone with a DNA tattoo wondered how common science inspired tattoos were. He asked readers of his blog and their response was massive.
Getting back to the are viruses alive question, I was having this discussion the other day and someone came up with one of the best answers I have heard to the question: "it's a bit like asking whether an photon is a wave or a particle"
Alison writes:
Hi TWiV gang!
Love love love the podcast. I am a graduate student at the University of Washington and I have found your podcast both fun and informative as a student of virology.
I was wondering about a technique that was mentioned in episode 158 at the University of Michigan. Rich mentioned "mouse blots" when speaking with Kathy Spindler. I tried looking up this technique on pubmed and found a technique used by Louis Villarreal called "fluorography of whole mouse". I can't seem to find the publication in which Dr. Spindler describes this technique. Could you or Rich help me find it?
Thanks so much for this awesome service for the public!
Kathy Spindler replies:
The paper in which we used whole mouse blots is Ball et al. (1991) Virology 180:257-265 (PMID 1845825). We used 32P probes, which don't give as high resolution as some other isotopes (e.g., 3H used by Villarreal in the paper that Alison cites, but which uses a different approach - in situ autoradiography and whole mouse fluorography). I think some "modern" isotopes (33P- or 35S-labeled probes) might give better resolution than 32P with whole mouse blots? We haven't used the technique since the early 90s...
And I think you are right that Luis did invent the technology - the earliest paper I can find is Dubensky et al. 1984, JVI PMC255737 = PMID 6328007. Fig. 1 shows why we call it "slice mice."
Ian Lipkin, LPV, and Mike Oldstone are co-authors on a methods paper that I would have to walk to the library to get (horrors! it's 5 minutes away, inside the building!), but I've ordered it as a pdf online from the library and that should come in a day or so. I wonder if it will have a historic perspective on the technique. PMID 2670459 is that paper (1989). I can send that to you and/or Alison once it comes. I can also send her my "bench protocol" if she wants.
Those papers might have more detail than ours, where we merely cite Dubensky et al. and Rochford et al. (PNAS 1987, PMC304225). However, I note that we did mention that we had the microtome sitting in a Sears chest freezer!!! Kind of a useless detail...
Danielle writes:
Hello Twiv!
First, I would like to say, I love the show, you guys make repetitive (but still awesome) lab work go much faster!
Before I get to my silliness, I'd like to ask a serious question or two, if I buy the microbe world app you guys get a good cut of the profits right?
Also, were any clustering analysis done on the H1N1 strain that were sequenced, if so did it prove that the strain jumped from swine to humans in mexico? (Sorry if the answer is common knowledge I'm only up to 2009 in your podcasts besides the few recent one's I've listened to).
Anyway, I'm not sure if you guys are aware of Reddit, but they just discovered that the sputnik virus can infect mammavirus. so in a redditors fashion I made this meme and thought I'd share! (here's the reddit thread http://www.reddit.com/r/todayilearned/comments/n13kg/til_that_some_viruses_are_so_large_other_viruses/)
my virology-related meme: http://www.quickmeme.com/meme/35f6dm/
I hope I didn't waste too much of your time on this silliness!
Richard writes:
Hi Vincent, Dick and other hosts
I have a question that may be a little outside twivs remit, but at least partially applies.
Recently I have heard in podcasts (via stitcher radio), about the possibility of genetic engineering, of humans, and resurrecting the wooly mammoth. Some of the methods mentioned include cloning, and things outside of virology. However I was wondering if viruses, particularly retrovirus, would allow genes to be edited, removed, or inserted? If so would this be practical, or do better methods exist? Would it even be possible to engineer a retrovirus, so as to insert a gene, or other DNA, reliably into a host? Would this be a temporary change, or inherited by any offspring? My guess is that inserted genes would be inherited, as long as they where present in 'germ cells'. Much as the remains of retrovirus infections remain in many genomes. Also could a retrovirus be used to edit the genome of an elephant embryo, so as to make it match, say a wooly mammoth? My guess is that retroviruses aren't that big, and tend to insert things somewhat randomly. I'm thinking that would be a showstopper?
Some random speculation.... I wonder if it would be possible to engineer something, like a ribosome, that would edit DNA, given a template (either RNA, or DNA). So it would run along DNA, and compare the sequence to the template, on finding a match, it could then edit the bases, to match the rest of the template.
Thanks for the podcast, I listen to every episode, and like the way you simplify things enough for the non virologist, such as myself (I'm a water and waste water engineer).
Looking forward to more virology
Richard writes:
Hi Vincent, dick and cohosts
I've just listened to the science show podcast from he 3rd December. They mention exosomes, a membrained container that is secreted by cells. These contain genetic material (RNA) as well as a number of proteins. I had no idea that the human body contained such a horizontal transport mechanism.
I can't help but compare these to a virus. Though there are clearly differences, do you think they are related? Maybe cells learned this trick from viruses, or the other way round?
Again thanks for your podcasts.
Juanjo writes:
Dear Vincent (and Dick, Alan and Rich),
while waiting for the launching of a variant/sequel of TWiV to be broadcasted in spanish, as proposed by Estanis Nistal with the enthusiastic support of several other spanish-speaking listeners of TWiV, I have submitted a short notice for the journal "Virología", the bulletin of the Spanish Society for Virology (SEV, Sociedad Española de Virología) to divulgate your netcast.
The note was published in the volume 14, number 3, page 13. A free copy of the journal can be downloaded from:
The note intends to inform the virology community in Spain of the existence of TWiV, including links to Virology Blog and TWiV webpages.
I hope this information will contribute to spread the word about TWiV among spanish virologists, students and the general public.
With warm regards,
Peter writes:
Dear Doctors
I am sure others will send you these links
About a series of Norovirus infections on an Air New Zealand plane, there was inadequate cleaning and disinfection between flights.
I have several times come down with fairly severe chest infections (one requiring hospital treatment) after flights it is of course difficult to know exactly where I acquired the infection but at the airport or on the aircraft seem most likely places to be exposed.
I am a regular listener to TWiV, TWiP and TWiM keep up the good work these are all fascinating and informative shows.
Essa writes:
Dear TWiV team,
Happy holiday and happy new year.
Thanks a lot for the great virology blog.
I would like to know if there is any possibility to any virus to be fused with another one, to be infected by other virus?
As we know the infection concept is just a conscious term or scientific term to us, since it causes us to be sick [unwanted health condition] due to our reaction with micro-organisms such as viruses. If viruses are independent [not related to us] organisms, how would they get their compatible receptors to ours on our cells?
In Naica mine, a mine is best known for its extraordinary selenite crystals in the Mexican state of Chihuahua, virologists have discovered millions of viruses in many samples from underground water and crystals. The temperature in such a mine is nearly 50 degrees and the humidity is nearly 100%, after sucking out the emerging water in the cave, roughly for million years ago.
Maybe such these conditions are suitable to form the basic molecules for any living cells such as amino acids which are the basic building blocks of viruses. What if more than aboriginal or primitive viruses or separated molecules fused to form a single genetic material to generate new generation(s) or advanced virus(s)? Consequently, forming more advanced cells to form the aboriginal creatures such as bacteria, abiogenesis ?
Joe writes:
All my family members work in a hospitals. There many excellent MD podcasts already. The thing I like about TWIM, TWIV and TWIP is precisely that they are different from those. Having a panelist who is a doc working in emerging diseases is interesting. Local doc stuff, not what i listen for. I listen to every episode of all 3 shows btw. Thanks for what you do.
Tom writes:
Dear TWIVians:
I've been listening to TWIV podcasts at lunch for over a year. My anthropology degree from 40 years ago did not prepare me for TWIV, nor did my 30+ year computer software career. However, I've been reading Scientific American since the early '60s, and I subscribe to Science News, so I'm not completely lost.
All that being said, I heartily commend you for your excellent presentation of this subject matter in a way that helps us lay folk follow the story, while stimulating enthusiastic participation by your visiting specialists. Bravo!
Oddly enough, my grounding in anthropology is what prompts this comment. I hear lots of interviews on all kinds of subjects on radio, TV and podcasts. I can tell when a researcher is being interviewed, because almost every time they begin to answer a question they start with the word, "So." Sometimes it's part of an opening phrase, but more often it appears to be a sentence all by itsef.
And you TWIVians tend to follow the pattern when beginning your follow-up questions. (Replay a segment of one of your podcasts and count how many times you hear "paragraphs" start with "So."
Since anthropologists are not forbidden to ask the Why questions, I have a hypothesis as to why this happens.
A researcher's frame of mind is one of gathering evidence for chains of causality. "This and these get together, SO this happens." This pattern of thought may be carrying over into their patterns of speech. "Researchers think a certain way SO they speak a certain way."
So, ;-) keep up the good work, and try not to be too self-conscious about starting your comments with "So."
I found TWIV from a link on an ME/CFS web site when I was researching my wife's illness.
The variability of the symptoms, not just between patients but from day to day for one patient, has inspired my wife to refer to her illness as WBD (Wierd-Butt Disease). She can never predict how she will feel in a day or even in an hour. Occasionally when asked by acquaintances what illness she has, she says she's come down with WTF.
Recently Vincent theorized that the illness may have some kind of environmental trigger that, in vulnerable individuals, initiates a cascade of changes over a period of time that finally presents as something we characterize as CFIDS or ME/CFS or any of the other "spectrum" illnesses. At that point, there's no hope of identifying the long-gone trigger.
Although I find this theory very disheartening, my wife's medical history would not rule it out. She dates the major onset of her illness to the spring of 2005, but looking back she sees that many of her symptoms began to appear up to fifteen years earlier.
Vincent, I fear that you may be right.
Austin, Texas
Jim writes:
Hi Vince et al
Heard a Ted talk which I enjoyed a lot. It gives a new way of looking at information to see if life might be present.
This has shifted my vote to thinking viruses are alive.
The video is : http://www.ted.com/talks/christophe_adami_finding_life_we_can_t_imagine.html
73 ( Best Wishes)
Tim writes:
PS> here is my pick of the week (patient zero):
pretty darn good storytelling……
Mary writes:
Hi all,
over the past few Twiv episodes, there has been increasing talk about what happens on a day-to-day basis in the life of a scientist (grad student, post-doc, PI, etc) and what life in the lab is like. A book I would recommend to those curious about this is Natural Obsessions by Natalie Angier. I was given this book by my boss when I was working as a technician in a lab after college and trying to decide if grad school was in the cards for me.
This book is based on the true story about the labs that were instrumental in isolating the first oncogenes in the early 1980s. It is a great science story for those who have never heard it, and also gives a very good idea of what life in the lab is like at all levels. It also emphasizes what was said recently in Twiv 161, that life in the lab is very much about social interpersonal interactions, for better and sometimes for worse.
I don't know if this book has ever been picked before, but if not, I would highly recommend to all as a good read.
thanks! mary
Jimmy writes:
Hey Guys,
I discovered your podcasts a few weeks ago and have really been enjoying them. I toyed with biology as an undergraduate and I love it. But I ended up in business.
I just learned of the Science Exchange today and thought you might be interested given your interests in uses of the internet in the interests of science:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I'm a general contractor, and, more importantly, a toolaholic. My small construction company in Southern California does mostly residential remodels and additions, with an occasional new custom home.
I had the opportunity to try out the Hilti TE 7-C and the Milwaukee 5363-21 rotary hammers while working on an addition to my own home. For this fairly average addition, my crew and I found ourselves reaching for these tools a lot more than I had expected we would. We used the tools to punch a large hole in my existing foundation for a 3-inch sewer line to pass through, to drill at least 30 holes for dowels into the existing foundation to tie into the new slab, to demo old concrete front steps (drilling a few dozen 1-inch holes to fill with a highly expansive agent for breaking up concrete), and, in hammer-only mode, to strip form boards and break up stucco.
In addition, we used the tools for a variety of smaller chores–such as drilling through the existing stem wall in the garage to feed a ground wire outside from my electric panel, drilling anchor holes for my A/C unit, and installing a hold-down for a roof support post. Our ability to use these tools for so many tasks proved right off the bat how versatile they are.
Along the way, we also checked out their power, comfort, and features.
Power. Both the Milwaukee and the Hilti are rated as being capable of drilling holes in concrete up to 1 inch; however, my experience with these tools showed that this is pushing the limits. When I used 1-inch bits for drilling the demo holes in my front steps, I found that although I could drill them, it was very slow-going compared to a larger hammer I own. Also, the tools had a tendency to bog down some with the 1-inch bits and to get stuck, engaging their clutches. I did find that the Milwaukee seemed to have a little more power under strenuous use. If you frequently drill holes larger than 3/4 inch, I would recommend a larger rotary hammer.
Smaller holes, on the other hand, were a breeze. I currently own what I thought was a very nice rotary hammer until I tried these new ones. My 15-year-old model is now sadly inadequate. I found that both the Milwaukee and the Hilti could out-drill my old tool at a rate of three holes to one. It's also worth noting that my old roto hammer is almost the same size and style as these two, except that it's slightly heavier and with fewer features. For their intended uses, I would conclude that both the Hilti and the Milwaukee are very capably powered machines.
Comfort. While the Milwaukee came out on top for power, the Hilti was the clear leader in comfort. The Hilti had a more comfortable feel with more cushioning on the grips and a much smoother operation. Both tools are well-balanced and fit my hands well; the Hilti, however, has a much softer side handle coated with thick rubber, as opposed to the hard plastic side handle of the Milwaukee. The Hilti also has a wider trigger that pulls straight back instead of pivoting, spreading the pressure to my second and third fingers and allowing me to drill more comfortably for extended periods of time. The Milwaukee has a unique spring-suspension rear handle designed to reduce vibration, but I'm not sure how much it helped.
Both models were very light and manageable; I could use either with one hand. And true to their compact designations, their small size (relative to other rotary hammers) made them easy to get into tight spots.
Features. Both the Milwaukee and the Hilti have more features than I was used to with my old rotary hammer, including reverse, which is convenient if you get a bit stuck in a hole. Both have drill-only, hammerdrill, and hammer-only options. They also have a position on the dial that allows a chisel to be positioned at any angle and then locked into place. This is nice if chipping must be performed in tight quarters.
Both tools also have a snap-in, pull-to-release bit holder, which is very handy for one-handed installation of bits but can be difficult for one-handed removal. My older model has a chuck that must be twisted one-quarter turn to the open position before the bit can be pulled out, which leaves the chuck in the open position until the bit change is completed and the chuck is twisted shut. This old system is much easier for the one-handed bit change.
The only problem I had with the Milwaukee was that the small clip that holds the depth gauge in place, a piece of spring steel within the gauge-locking mechanism, somehow fell out and was lost, rendering the depth gauge unusable. The Hilti depth gauge operates by turning the side handle to open and close a clamp around the depth gauge bar. It performed without any problems.
Accessories. Milwaukee sent an SDS Plus chuck adapter for use with standard drill bits. This was useful in both of the tools when set to drill-only mode for drilling small-diameter holes, but when I tried drilling larger holes with a self-feeding plumber's bit, I found that the clutches kicked in too often for either tool to be much use as a strong drill. I think, however, that this feature would be very convenient for adding retrofit foundation bolts, such as when an engineer wants to convert an existing wall into a shear wall for seismic purposes, as I could quickly switch from wood bit to concrete bit when drilling through the sill plate into the foundation with only one tool.
Hilti sent a vacuum attachment that is powered by a motor-shaft extension protruding from the bottom of the motor housing. With its specific "PTO" drive, it only works on the Hilti tool. Its suction kept down airborne dust while drilling. It worked very well as long as the hole was at a right angle to the concrete. Any other angle caused the vacuum shroud near the bit to lose contact and reduce suction. I didn't find much use for the vacuum attachment on this project; however, I can imagine that it would come in quite handy during interior remodeling applications.
All in all, I fell in love with both tools and would feel comfortable recommending either to anyone in the market for a compact, L-shaped rotary hammer. Both are well-built, useful machines.
Hilti TE 7-C: $398; TE DRS-M dust removal system: $199. 800-879-8000. www.us.hilti.com.
Milwaukee 5363-21: $350; 48-66-1370 chuck adapter: $40. 800-729-3878. www.milwaukeetool.com.
–Matthew Steadman is a builder and remodeler in San Pedro, Calif.


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Dear All
My dilemma:
I am approaching my mid 30s and find myself at a nerve-wracking crossroads, I'm soon to lose my job in London- which is in a dead-end vocation anyway (local authority administration) I have admittedly sat within this comfort zone for too long, so may be not a bad thing to be forced into taking a leap into something new. With a level 5 accredited TEFL cert and a BA Hons degree I have been flirting with TEFL for some time.
Having gathered dust in an office for too long I doubt myself when it comes to challenge, however I believe I have the raw ingredients to make a good teacher. That said I'm apprehensive at how long I could sustain this endeavour as I can't see myself in a classroom long term- unless I could do well at developing a private client base. Ideally, it would be good to use TEFL as an experience which could then open other avenues. I really want to write -as the foundations of a long term career, and have strong interests in anthropology, and international development. I even h
1- I have been offered 2 weeks training in Madrid with an organisation by the name of Vaughan Systems- initially optimistic, I have since unearthed a raft of negative publicity concerning the conduct and ethics of this company. They teach a specialised methodology that would only be useful to their own placements in corporate/ business English across Spain, however they are affiliated with various media and broadcast outlets which interested me given previous experience I have in TV production- an area I would be keen to revisit. Attending this training would mean considerable upheaval as well as financial outlay- I am not averse to this in principle, but am now less so given the cut- throat style of this outfit and the fact that they appear able to eject you at a moment's notice and seem to impose a manipulative control of their staff- if the majority of opinion is to be believed. I realise there may also be success stories, but I have seen precious little evidence of this
2- Secondly and rather by chance, a Turkish colleague is returning full time to Istanbul late Feb and has suggested I come out and visit, stay with him etc and search for work that way, he has also offered to assist me in securing the best arrangement in my absence. I would probably lean far more on this offer were it not for the Vaughan Systems arrangement. Istanbul seems undeniably fascinating, and I could at least visit for free risk free to get a taste.
I'm hoping an experienced TEFLer with knowledge or informed opinion of both Turkish/ Spanish markets, and lifestyle contrasts- and who would be familiar with the reputation of bona fide recruiters and academies (or Vaughan Systems) would be kind enough to share some wisdom. I am up for taking a risk, but no longer a spring chicken I need it to be a more calculated risk, so if I go for either of these choices I need it to be the best one! I'm also keen to learn which option/ country could potentially offer a more dynamic platform for other creative or employment pursuits. If you're still reading and able to offer some informed guidance, I would be truly grateful for any peace of mind
Many thanks


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'"This is the worst season a lot of us have had – ever. It just seems everything is falling down on us at the same time. We're getting bad goals (against), mistakes. The ownership situation is not great. We play well and lose again. But no one is going to turn it around except us."'
Varada ready to rejoin Sabres' salvage operation
February 19, 2003 Submitted by
Via: Buffalo News


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AMES, Iowa – Teams of fifth through 12th grade youth can register now for the third annual Cook This! 4-H Culinary Challenge at the 2012 Iowa State Fair. During the challenge, youth have the opportunity to demonstrate their creativity in food preparation and knowledge of kitchen equipment, menu preparation and identification of various food Items.
The competition will take place Aug. 12-14 in the 4-H Exhibit Building at the Iowa State Fairgrounds in Des Moines. Eight teams will participate at each of three age levels, said Steph Ferguson, 4-H State Fair event coordinator and a senior in culinary science at Iowa State University. Only one member on each team is required to be a member of 4-H. Youth can join 4-H at their county Iowa State University Extension and Outreach office. Applications will be accepted until June 1. Teams will be selected and announced by July 1.
"Interested youth may apply in three-member teams, in pairs or individually, in which case we will match you with other youth," Ferguson said.
The junior level competition, grades 5-6, takes place Sunday, Aug. 12; the intermediate level, grades 7-8, on Monday, Aug. 13; and the senior level, grades 9-12, on Tuesday, Aug. 14.
This year the competitors at each level each will be given a theme, provided with recipes and given a basket containing all the required ingredients needed to execute their challenge. Teams in each age group will be required to present their dish and be judged on skill sets specific to their age group, as outlined before the competition.
Junior level competitors will have a Mexican themed dish, intermediate level teams will prepare an Italian cuisine and the senior level will create an Oriental stir-fry.
"This is a great opportunity for Iowa youth to learn about where their food comes from, demonstrate their knowledge of food preparation and safety, work in teams and experience a fast-paced cooking environment," shared Ferguson. "We're excited to add a few new twists to the challenge this year and look forward to announcing more details and educational resources throughout the summer."
For more information visit www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/StateFair/cookthis.
Register online for Cook This: www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/StateFair/cookthisapp.
Contact: Steph Ferguson, 4-H State Fair Event Coordinator, email@example.com


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It appears Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez are happily "Jelena" once more.
The Biebs, 19, posted a semi-racy photo of the apparently-on-again couple to his Instagram account on Friday night.
In the black and white picture, a shirtless Justin is seen working on his laptop, while Selena sits behind him, with her arms wrapped around his waist.
"'You've been makin music for too long babe come cuddle' - her," Justin captioned the pic.
The photo is the latest in a string of hints dropped by the couple suggesting they've reunited since their Novemeber 2012 breakup.
PHOTOS: Justin Bieber & Selena Gomez
Last weekend, Justin posted - then quickly deleted - a photo of himself and the "Come & Get It" singer getting very cozy.
The photo tease came on the heels of a report that the duo was spotted packing on the PDA in Norway, as previously reported on AccessHollywood.com.
PHOTOS: Hollywood's Smokin' Hot Couples
"They were holding hands, hugging and they kissed on the lips," a source, who spotted the pair in Oslo where Justin was performing, told People at the time. "They looked really in love, like no fights ever happened before."
Adding, "It definitely looked like they were back together."
Copyright 2013 by NBC Universal, Inc. All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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by Megan Morketter, GoHeels.com
Washington D.C.- In the team's first meet of the season, North Carolina produced a score of 192.950 to finish second at the Lindsey Ferris Invitational on Jan. 13. Host George Washington won the meet with a 193.425. Also in attendance were Cornell, the University of Pennsylvania and Temple who finished the competition in their respective places.
Most noticeable to head coach Derek Galvin as UNC moved through the events was the team comradery.
"The way they encouraged and supported each other, that's going to be one of the signatures of this team," said Galvin. "I saw it in training in the fall and more since we've been back from the holidays. They showed it again today. That's something that we know will be consistent."
The Tar Heels started the meet on the uneven bars where they combined for a 48.425. Senior and co-captain Elizabeth Durkac earned second place overall and tied her personal best with a 9.850. Behind her was freshman Sarah Peterson who scored a 9.700. Fellow freshman Josselyn Mackey and sophomore Haley Watts were each given a 9.650. Junior Emily Cornwell added a 9.525 to round out the event.
Carolina totaled a 47.925 on the balance beam as the Tar Heels took three of the top spots in the event. Maura Masatsugu, a senior and the other half of the captain duo, topped the overall scores with a 9.825. Sophomore Janell Sargent earned a career-best 9.775 that placed her second overall. She was followed closely by junior Meredith Magjuka who tied for third and also set a new personal record with a 9.750. Durkac and Watts contributed a 9.325 and 9.250, respectively.
Moving on to floor exercise, UNC scored a 48.075. Durkac and Watts both earned a 9.700 to lead the team. Magjuka was next, scoring a personal best 9.625. Freshman Lexi Cappalli added a 9.600, and Mackey finished the event with a 9.450.
The Tar Heels tallied the highest team vault score of the meet with a 48.525. Durkac finished first overall in the event, receiving a career-best 9.825. Peterson came in third overall with a 9.750, and Cappalli tied for fourth, scoring a 9.725. Redshirt junior Michelle Ikoma earned a 9.700 to place seventh. Mackey added a 9.525.
Galvin is excited for the progress he knows he will see in the gymnasts as the season gets into full swing.
"I know that this team is going to continue to get stronger and more confident as we compete in more meets," said Galvin. "They're capable of doing it, and they know that, but they have to keep getting stronger."
Carolina will see George Washington again Jan. 20, as the two teams compete in a tri-meet with William & Mary. UNC will be hosting the event at 2 p.m. in Carmichael Arena.


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Home > Illinois Court Guide > Fulton County, Illinois Court Directory
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1biggun, case expansion isn't going to be as much of an issue as case neck thickness, both have easy fixes. The necks just need to be turned or reamed, once they are brought up to size. Just make a set of expanders like I did for the 357AR to bring 223 cases up to 357.
The two case expander stems jus fit inside of a lee powder through expander die and force the case open in two steps from .224" to .357". If you're going below the shoulder it should be muchc easier and you shold have fewer lost cases.


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Hello boys and girls.
I am about to start painting up a Jango Jet Pack for Phil - Mandalorian Guard
I will post up the process as I go over the next few days. I am hoping to get this pack painted within the week so watch this space.
Bobby. :jet pack


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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
Views: 196
For me it's not about how something has been created but how well it's been put together using that method {snipped}
P.S. Love the title A Chaotic Dinosaur!
For my zine Carpe Noctem, I use a bit of both- I'll draw illustrations and scan them into the computer and create the rest of the zine there using fonts. The covers are usually completely done by hand, though they'll be colored on computer. I think with zines, doing a print layout might be slightly easier since you don't have to spend as much time scaling and editing images to fit and you I think you can get a better sense of how the layout will look in general. Also I like a bit of xerox blur that copies sometimes get. This is all personal opinion of course.


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Protecting critical corporate information assets has never been more challenging. Mobile devices are pervasive throughout the enterprise, employees and business partners need access to sensitive or confidential data, and the external threats to this data keep growing. Security managers need to ensure that they can adequately protect the data from insider and external threats without adversely impacting business productivity.
IBM Data Security Services can help you cost-effectively identify and protect your organization's critical data from internal and external threats, providing both consulting services to establish your data protection strategy and implementation / integration services of market-leading data loss prevention and encryption technologies to provide the optimal level of control. IBM consultants and specialists can help you create custom data protection solutions for your specific environment that take into account your specific risk management objectives. They have experience with a wide range of industry requirements and IT architectures to help organizations of all sizes quickly adopt the necessary data protection capabilities. IBM's streamlined approach supports collaboration across the enterprise while protecting data in transit or at rest - without slowing your business.
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IBM has extensive experience in providing end-to-end data protection solutions for organizations of all sizes. Leveraging both IBM and leading business partner DLP and encryption technologies, our security specialists address your specific data protection requirements and provide the solutions that best match your risk management objectives. A recognized thought leader in security solutions, IBM has deep experience in protecting its own sensitive global data stores, and the knowledge and resources to help our clients meet their data protection goals.
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|Thread Tools
I m not going degree i want to set it by hand like the other link says
there are 2 kinds of engine builders
1: guy buys parts,gets things machined,assembles engine,installs it and drives it
performance=depends on luck
builder 2:
guy meticulously chooses matching parts that work well together, gets things machined and very carefully checks all the parts for perfect fit,makes any and all corrections as he goes. assembles all parts making triple sure all parts are perfectly in sinc,hand fits crucial elements like piston to wall,piston to valve,exact phasing of cam timing,test fits cam plus and minus 4 degrees incase he decides to retune valve timing at a later date.Installs the engine and then after proper break in,spends several hours doing a detailed tune up including often over looked things like adjusting air bleeds and jetting to get perfect A/F ratios for his/her purpose,same for F.I. but done differently.Ignition is tuned to the cars application.
which class are you in?
Honestly i am in clas 1. Becouse here in holland they dont know so much as you guys in the us . I am a welder no mecanic or what else . My hobby is my van i want to learn things over a v8 engine. But in holland its diffucult to. See a person. Who has the know of the engines like you . So i ask (whit the best english i can) To you guys how to do it.i get a paper from edelbrock. Which says do not pump them up. I was looking on the web what pumping up means. And i found out there are people says yes do it end people no do it not .
For not pumped up:
- Adjust the nut just to the point where any free lash is taken up. You're going to be checking against the spring that want to push the plunger up against the retainer bail or clip so this a bit spongy in feel, it is not necessary to tighten to where the push rod is clamped and cannot be moved at all, this has the plunger bottomed. An advantage to this processs is that the valve will not be opened very far till oil pressure builds in the engine so the lifter to lobe interface will not immediatly be exposed to full spring pressure for a few revolutions.
For pumped up:
- Adjust just till there is just no lash perhaps even a couple thou loose, although for lifters using the wire bale rather than a circlip to retain the plunger running there is a risk of the bail comming out of its groove so this is not something you want to do for long. The plunger is being held against the retainer bail/clip by oil trapped under the plunger, the metering valve to this cavity needs motion to operate properly set the zero lash against spring pressure with the valve closed. If you set the lash a 1 or 2 turns of the retaining nut it will hold the valve open a small amount which will make the engine harder to start as it will bleed compression until the lifters have been cycled enough to bleed off the excess oil trapped in the adjusting chamber alowing the valve to seat. Of course the cam and lifter interface will see full valve spring pressure from the get-go and these days with break-in of the cam being so critical avoiding this situation could be helpful for lobe/lifter life.
The way a hydraulic lifter works is when engine oil pressure exceeds the closed valve spring pressure and a lash exists in the connecting hardware from the lifter to the valve stem tip, the metering valve in the bottom of the plunger is opened by engine oil pressure allowing the cavity between the bottom of the plunger and the lifter's intenral bore to be filled with oil. As the lobe lifts the tappet against the valve spring the metering valve closes trapping the oil in the cavity locking the plunger to the lifter body thus transmitting the motion of the body to the plunger. These opposing forces keep the plunger within the initial adjustment range. The lifter if fully pumped up by the installers action or if in operationthe engine is run at an RPM where the lifters have pumped-up; the only way the lifter can re-establish a proper zero lash position is by cycling off and on and off the lobe. Some lifters have a built in leak like the Rhoads of other anti-pump up lifters and will bleed back down till the valve is closed without cycling, some lifters that shouldn't will still leak enough to do this. All of these leakers that do so by design intent or not are the lifters you hear clatter on a cold start in the morning.
The reason you degree a cam is to verify spec.s (a problem with machining), And some cams are ground advanced moving your power band to more bottom end You verify if it is or not, you can also lose a lot of compression depending on where the cam is installed! also a lot of timing chain sets are set up advanced even the 3 key way gear types can be advanced and some straight up! So you degree a cam to set it for when you want the power to come in at a particular R.P.M.! If you install a cam with an advance already in it and gears advanced you can really kill all your mid or top end power!! They sell advanced and retarded wood-ruff keys and other devices to move the degree point! for true power you don't just stab a cam in It, it may impress you when running but you will never know how much power you have missed!
Always check the manufacturer of the timing set if the main key way is advanced or straight up! Some builders set them up advanced because as the chain stretches and wears it retards slowly through time and gets closer to straight up position!
Last edited by painted jester; 01-31-2013 at 01:09 PM.
I'll add: The lifters that are holding pressure can set for a week or more and still be holding pressure keeping a valve open while the leakers slowly loose pressure letting the valves close! Ive torn down engines after setting for years in the woods that had lifter that still held their pressure!
Last edited by painted jester; 01-31-2013 at 01:19 PM.
Ok: If you understand what bogie and I posted , that a lifter can hold pressure for a long time with valve spring pressure on it!!! And you pump them up and install them they can hold this pressure during your dry assembly! So when priming the engine they are already filled and holding the valves at max because you filled them already! Now when you first start the engine and quickly bring it to 2500 rpm a few lifters might hold valves open (till the lifters metering system bleeds some oil) causing loss of compression delaying start up and as the engine cranks your break in lube is being rubbed off your lobes and lifters you then can cause damage to the cam and lifters! But if your lifters are installed not pumped up and you do your engine prime with valves set at initial adjustment, as you turn engine over by hand while priming the gallys, the lifters will fill to running position because they have valve spring pressure being supplied to them! You hit the key and your engine has compression from the get go! No delay no rough running till they bleed off! If you have very close tolerances and the prepumped up lifters happen to hold the valves open a hair too much you may have slight contact and bend or damage your valve train!
100,000 people may never see a damage caused by pumping up their lifter before installation but if you are the one in the 100,000 that does you will wish you read and followed directions
If you don't understand Im sorry I tried to type it as simple as I could Maybe someone can explain it better then I. I understand it and know what I am trying to tell you so it looks good to me LOL
So the savest way is to not pump them on. Like the edelbrock say
Put your country and age in your profile Wezz
Ok thanx for the good explains
What you really need to worry about is breaking in the cam correctly.
I don't know what type of lifters you use, but I can take any of the new lifters I have here (Edelbrock at the moment), pump them full of oil and put 50 lbs on them and they'll bleed down.
Edit- I had to go back to see what even brought this all up in the first place. Seems it was because someone said that pumping up lifters would destroy the engine. The reason I posted in the first place was to put that notion to rest- NOT to say "pump up lifters". In fact you'll never hear me recommend it. If it has to be asked whether to do it or not tells me there's no experience w/doing it.
But one problem that new builders have is feeling when they're at zero lash. Hard to do even when jiggling and not twisting the p-rod until you know what to look for. So a lot of guys get this wrong- and end up bottoming the plungers and then adding preload, lifting the valves off the seats. Then the engine cranks, and cranks, and cranks w/o starting up. So if having the valves off the seat for a revolution while they bleed down (even if this was necessary) will delay starting, what will having the valves cranked well and truly off the seats do?
When the lifter is full of oil, one thing is sure- you can feel zero lash.
Last edited by cobalt327; 01-31-2013 at 09:33 PM.
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So its time to play
Guess That Member!
Its so easy! Im gonna put up a picture of 6 members who have had their names changed!
if you were in it and know who everyone is. Dont be a weenie and ruin it for everyone.
i will also put up 2 other pictures to help you guys out. Ok? here it goes.
this is just a list of all the names
Here are 2 other pictures to help you out.
Edited by Baux18, 08 September 2012 - 09:04 AM.


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Now that you know how to reposition your App icons on your Home Screen / dock in the first article, it's time to take a look at a couple more advanced App/App icon organizational options:
Grouping Apps into Folders
Having tens, if not hundreds, of App icons floating around on multiple Home Screens can quickly become a hassle as you attempt to sort through page after page of Apps to find the one you need right now. While re-ordering your icons as discussed in our previous article will certainly help, if your app collection is especially large you will likely need a method of organizing your Apps into specific groups – you need Folders.
To create a folder group containing multiple apps within, follow these simple steps:
1. Tap and hold any icon on your Home Screen until the icons begin to "wiggle."
2. Find two icons which you would like to group together, then Tap, and drag one icon above the other.
3. Hold the icon in place until the bottom most icon begins to glow.
4. Take your finger off of the screen. The bottom-most icon will now be replaced by a folder icon on the Home Screen, with the folder contents display showing directly beneath it.
4-1. Within the folder display you will see the two icons which you used to create the folder, as well as a default folder name at the top of the folder. The default name is generated automatically by iOS, based on the type of Apps used to create the folders. To change this default name immediately, Tap the white bar containing the folder name and edit it with the keyboard which appears at the bottom of the Home Screen.
5. Once your new folder name is in place, press the Home Button to stop the icon "wiggle" and confirm your new folder setup.
5-1. When you're ready to add more icons to your folder, repeat Step 1, then drag and drop your App icons into your desired folder, and press the Home Button to set your additions.
5-2. If you wish to rename your folder after adding more icons, repeat Step 1, Tap the folder you wish to rename, and repeat Step 4-1 through Step 5.
Removing / Uninstalling Apps
For those apps which are no longer of use, simply taking up Home Screen and disk storage space, your best option may be to simply delete them off of your device altogether. Thankfully, unlike on a PC, uninstalling an iOS App requires minimal effort:
Step 1. Tap and hold the App icon which you would like to uninstall until it begins to "wiggle"
Step 2. Press the small black and white "X" at the upper left corner of your icon. The "Delete App" dialog will appear.
Step 3. Tap the "Delete" button to remove the App and its associated data from your device.
Your App icon will immediately disappear from the Home Screen/folder, simultaneously removing the App from your device.
Step 4. Press the Home Button to set your Home Screen change(s.)
Pausing App / Update Downloads
Now that your Apps are organized, it should be easier to find new Apps on your Home Screen not only once they are installed, but as they are being downloaded / installed as well. Why would you want to do this?
If you happen to be installing multiple App updates and / or new Apps at the same time, each App/update will be installed in the order in which it was selected in the App store. This can be problematic when the App you want to download and use immediately is stuck in the download queue while a larger, less important App update is being slowly downloaded to your device. Luckily, there is a way around this problem:
Pausing an App or update download will allow the App "next in line" in the download queue to begin downloading immediately, allowing you to download and use the more important download while you wait for the other Apps / updates to Install.
To pause an App download, follow these steps:
Step 1. Find the downloading, "dimmed" App icon on your Home Screen with a blue progress bar and "Loading…" text beneath it.
Step 2. Tap the dimmed icon. The "Loading…" text will change to read "Paused"
Step 3. Repeat as needed until the App / update icon you wish to download immediately displays a blue progress bar and "Loading…" text.
Step 4. Once your desired App/Update is finished downloading, Tap any of your "Paused" App icons to resume their download.
That's all the room we have for now; check back soon for more great tips to enhance your iOS experience in iPad / iOS Basics Part 3!
~J. Conboy
Tags: deleting ipad apps, ios, ios help, ipad 2 help, ipad help, iphone 4 help, iphone 4s help, making folders on ipad, pause app download, uninstall ipad app


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Have you ever watched a fitness center commercial and thought, "I couldn't do that if you paid me a million dollars." Well, water aerobics is different. Being waist-length in the water makes the body feel almost weightless. This is a good workout for women as excess weight may be carried in the lower part of the body, making high-impact workouts painful on the lower joints and back. It also helps to reduce the look of "wings," or that little jiggle in the upper arms, by strengthening and toning with simple movements.
if you associate being near water with a string bikini, think again. Water aerobic swimsuits come in many sizes and the styles are both fashionable and comfortable for moving around in the water. Or you can just come in some simple athletic swimwear like a body suit or tankini. You are only required to have fun and be healthy, not be judged by how chic you are.
Still not convinced? Here are four reasons why every woman should try water aerobics:
So, if you can move a little, treat yourself to the nearest water aerobics class and feel good about working out.next article >>
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I'm pretty sure that open carry is legal in ND with a carry permit, so perhaps your instructor imbelished just a bit on the printing issue. If you have a statute available that penalized printing, I'd love to see it.
As for the guns, the Xdm-9 is available in a compact model, you didn't say which exact model but I'm guessing the full size?
Other guns worth taking a look at are the S&W M&P series, those can be had with a thumb safety. The Sheild is a pretty nice little piece and is worth chcecking out.
Springfield should be releasing the XDS in other calibers soon.
Beretta has some nice pistols, on the smaller side is the Nano.


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|"Are you a wizard or not?"
The title of this article is conjectural. Although it is based on canonical information, the actual name is conjecture and may be supplanted at any time by additional information released from canonical sources. If this occurs, please move this page to the appropriate title.
In The Fountain of Fair Fortune, Amata, Altheda, Asha, and Sir Luckless encounter a hill that is enchanted to be endless. This is the second obstacle in the group's journey, preceded by the gigantic white worm and succeeded by the un-crossable stream. At the foot of the hill, they read a sign that says "Pay me the fruits of your labours."
Despite his attempt to donate his only coin, Sir Luckless does not prevail in his efforts. When Altheda begins to work hard and encourage the others to do so, however, her sweat hits the ground and allows them to finally press onward.


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Dear Lucy,
Thank you so much for your suggestions. I was very happy when I received your reply. I used to join many forums in ELT and ask questions but either my questions are left unanswered or the answers come very late and unsatisfactory. To be honest, I didn't think that I would receive such a personal message in such a short time with so many practical tips concerning teaching reading. Today I came to class and tried some ideas you suggested to me and found them very useful. Before asking students to read the text in detail I put some new words which I want them to learn on the board and get them speed read to locate those words in the text. As a result, my students seem very focused on the text. Because the topic of the text is 'MACHINE TRANSLATION', after reading I ask them to work in groups and discuss the question 'you are to persuade your friend not to buy a translation machine. What would you say?'. That is much better than getting students to list the disadvantages of an MT.
However, there are still several things that I need your explanation. You said that I can use the texts for language work. Could you be more specific? How to carry out?
Also, after reading, students could prepare a press release or information for a publicity campaign. Again, how should I carry out that? It seem very new to me.
The topics in the textbook are: artificial intelligence, robotics, multimedia, computer graphic, virtual reality, computers in medicine/in education/office. Computer viruses/security/networks/software, programming languages…. Do you have any ideas about the activities that could be used for these topics?
My biggest problem is that I often don't know how to organize the activities to achieve the best results. For example, when I ask students to persuade their friend not to buy a machine translation I cannot decide whether I should use groupwork or pair work or whole class. And I don't know how to make the steps go smoothly. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
Because the texts are very long and difficult, I look for ways to reveal the text gradually without overwhelming students. You know, students often get demotivated and discouraged being asked to read something long and difficult at one time. Any suggestions on some warmers and ways to reveal texts gradually?
If possible, could you recommend to me some website that may be useful for a teacher of English for Information Technology? I find very few website devoted to ESP on the net.
Lucy, I hope that you will not be bothered by so many questions. I am too greedy, right? But I am so interested in teaching methodology that I couldn't help asking questions. In the future I will ask you many more questions and I hope that you will help me to answer them.
Wish you a great week.
Look forward to your reply


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Coping With Deployment
Part of the Coping With Deployment Series
Series About:
A military marriage may seem appealing to newlywed service members and their spouses: a ticket to see the world on Uncle Sam's dime, be stationed in exotic places and experience rapturous homecomings akin to the infamous LIFE photograph "Kissing the War Goodbye," taken on V-Day, 1945, in Times Square.
While some or all of these benefits may materialize, many couples don't anticipate the heartache and pain that can accompany them. The military experience can vary widely depending on branch of service, duty station, rank and MOS. At the very least, couples can expect to find themselves stressed by the service member's long and irregular work hours, job frustrations and the easy tendency to "bring work home." At the very worst, couples may find themselves divided by oceans, deserts and years apart, entrenched in unfamiliar surroundings, lonely nights and dangerous events. Military life may be exotic, but not always in an appealing way.
These difficult, external marriage stressors can produce a wealth of internal stressors such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), compassion fatigue, pornography addiction, infidelity, and communication difficulties.
As a military couple, you and your spouse need each other (and God!) more than ever. God has an amazing plan for the marriages of His warriors and their equally brave spouses. He holds the two of you close during the heart-wrenching anguish of deployment goodbyes, and He rejoices over you at your exhilarating reunion. He gives strength and endurance in the face of fear and uncertainty. He'll never leave or forsake either of you, and He asks — and enables — you to show the same love and commitment to each other, perhaps not perfectly, but really.


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Rybka 4Product Code: WIN0004CB-B
Rybka 4 - Single Processor Version
For years Rybka has been the uncontested number one in computer chess and since its great breakthrough in 2006 the program has won with remarkable regularity one world title after the other. It is the three-time World Computer Chess Champion, having won its title in Amsterdam 2007,defending it in Beijing 2008, and again in Pamplona in 2009. The SSDF rating for Deep Rybka is an amazing 3227!.
So that this state of affairs will continue in the future, the Rybka-team gathered around programmer Vasik Rajlich has developed a new version which is even stronger! According to the development team, "Rybka 4 plays more aggressively and more tactically than Rybka 3 or any other Chess program!"
During the last two years the engine has been improved in almost all areas. One major theme has been the understanding of the attack on the king. The new Rybka 4 is in this case more precise and reliable than its predecessor. At the same time the search function now operates more quickly and efficiently and the evaluation function delivers even more spot-on judgments. As for the playing style, Rybka 4 logically continues the development of the past few years.
Thanks to further development in the tactical area too, the new Rybka 4 will be indispensable for all those who work and analyze with chess engines. Rybka 4 is delivered with the new user-friendly Fritz 12 interface and contains a database of 1.5 million games and includes CLASSIC membership for playchess.com for one year.
Rybka, which translates to "little fish", is the shooting star of computer chess. But strength is not everything. Today the main use of chess software is interactive analysis. Rybka's superior playing strength helps you to quickly assess a position. But analysis with Rybka 4 is much more than just evaluations and best moves. In the user interface designed by ChessBase, Rybka 4 introduces several ground-breaking new analysis features:
Monte Carlo Analysis yields precise evaluations by playing thousands of ultra-fast games in a few minutes in a given position. This is very much like using game result statistics, something human players do when choosing their opening variations. Monte Carlo Analysis can be used in any position, but generally it's most useful in two types of positions:
Endgame engines often give high scores to drawn endgames (and sometimes low scores to winning ones). Monte Carlo recognises fortresses and other no-progress situations. It's also good in rook endgames, which are another traditional computer problem area.Positions where one side has made a big material sacrifice for slow compensation (i.e. not just tactics). For instance you can find lots of piece sacrifices in famous grandmaster chess games which no computer will correctly appreciate and which Monte Carlo gets right.
Sampled Search gives detailed information about the search process, showing scores and alternative moves in the main line. This is helpful when the program searches for a long time in one position. It lets the users see how the engine is thinking and making its decisions.
Singular Moves are annotated graphically. This indicates situations where only one clearly best move exists.
Look for win: whenever you feel that there should be a forced win in a position you can explicitly ask for it. Rybka then searches for a decisive move, considerably faster than in normal analysis.
Persistent Hash: Rybka can save its hash tables between analysis sessions to preserve valuable information already accumulated in the search tree.
The author of Rybka, Czech-American International Master Vasik Rajlich, has implemented an extraordinary understanding of dynamic factors into his program. This often results in long-term pawn or exchange sacrifices and an active positional playing style resembling human chess. Rybka scores well in all types of situations but dominates especially in asymmetric positions which arise e.g. from Sicilian systems.
The success of the program stems from dedicated team work: IM Iweta Rajlich, rated 2417, is the main tester; Jeroen Noomen contributes opening theory and tournament preparation; IM Larry Kaufman develops positional algorithms.
System requirements: Minimum: Pentium III 1 GHz, 512 MB RAM, Windows Vista, XP (Service Pack 3), DirectX9 graphics card with 256 MB RAM, DVD-ROM drive, Windows-Media Player 9, internet access (playchess. com, updates and activation). Recommended: PC Intel Core 2 Quad, 2.4 GHz, 3 GB RAM, Windows Vista or Windows 7, DirectX10 graphics card (or compatible) with 512 MB RAM or more, 100% DirectX10 compatible, sound card, Windows Media Player 11, DVD ROM drive and internet access (playchess.com, updates and activation). The activation of the program requires internet access.
Returns & Exchanges
Computer Software and DVDs that come on Physical Media (such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMS) can only be returned or exchanged if the product is in its original, shrinkwrapped packaging and has not been installed or used in any way. Once you open the packaging of a Computer Software or DVD title, it can only be exchanged for a new copy of the same title and only if the original media is defective. There are NO exceptions to this rule.
Requires Windows
Media Mail Eligible
Media Mail® shipping from the US Postal Service is the cost-effective way to ship Books, Software and DVDs. With shipping rates starting at only 4.00, it's the most affordable shipping method available.


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Matt Insell Named Head Coach at Ole Miss
March 28, 2013
LEXINGTON, Ky. – Kentucky women's basketball assistant coach Matt Insell has resigned in order to accept the head coaching position at Ole Miss, Coach Matthew Mitchell announced Thursday.
In his five seasons as an assistant coach at UK, Insell has been a key component in recruiting and player development.
He has helped Kentucky ink four-consecutive top-15 recruiting classes and seven high school McDonald's All-Americans in current players Bria Goss (Indianapolis), Jennifer O'Neill (Bronx, N.Y.), DeNesha Stallworth (Richmond, Calif), Janee Thompson (Chicago), and Samarie Walker (West Carrollton, Ohio), along with 2013 signees Linnae Harper (Chicago) and Makayla Epps (Lebanon, Ky.)
Insell, 30, also has helped lead UK to several firsts as the Wildcats have charted four-straight 25-win seasons, including a school-record 29 wins this season, and four-straight NCAA Tournament appearances for the first time in school history. UK also has ranked in the top 25 of both national polls for 67 consecutive weeks, including finishing at No. 7 this season, the highest in school history.
"We will forever grateful to Coach Insell's contribution to our program," Mitchell said. "We have seen significant growth in Kentucky women's basketball since he's been here and he's been a huge part of our success. We are sad to see him go but that doesn't compare to the joy we have for him reaching his dream of being a head coach. Not only has he been a fantastic coach for Kentucky he has become a member of our family, and Jenna and I are thankful for the impact he's had on our lives. Mississippi is extremely fortunate to hire someone of Matt's talent and tremendous work ethic."
In 2011-12, Insell helped lead UK Hoops to one of its most successful seasons. The Wildcats went 28-7 overall, 13-3 in Southeastern Conference play and won the SEC regular-season championship, UK's first since 1982. Not only did Insell help guide the Wildcats to an Elite Eight appearance for the second time in three years, he also developed All-America guard A'dia Mathies, the SEC Player of the Year; Goss, the SEC Freshman of the Year; and Keyla Snowden, the SEC Co-6th Woman of the Year. Mathies repeated as SEC Player of the Year during the current campaign.
In 2009-10, Insell helped guide UK to a then-program-best 28-8 record, including an 11-5 mark in the SEC. Despite low expectations from outside observers, Kentucky went from being picked to finish 11th in the SEC to an NCAA Elite Eight team. The Cats defeated five nationally-ranked opponents, including a historic win over LSU in Baton Rouge, La., and an exciting upset over top-seeded and fourth-ranked Nebraska in the Sweet 16.
With Insell's help, Mathies received UK's first SEC Freshman of the Year honor and was named the Cats' first freshman All-American since Valerie Still in 1980. Mathies also was named to the SEC All-Tournament team along with teammate Victoria Dunlap, marking UK's first honorees to that team since 1992. Mathies was again impressive in her sophomore season, earning All-SEC Second Team honors. Freshman guard Bernisha Pinkett also received conference honors as she was named to the SEC All-Freshman team.
Insell will finish the season with the Wildcats as they travel to Bridgeport, Conn., for the NCAA Tournament regional semifinals vs. Delaware on Saturday, March 30. Game time is noon ET on ESPN.
Prior to Kentucky, Insell was the Director of Basketball Operations at Louisiana Tech under Coach Chris Long. Before that, he was considered one of the top AAU coaches in the country, coaching the Tennessee Flight, a Nike Elite Travel Program, for three years.
Insell made a national name for himself after coaching 41 of his former AAU players to play Division I basketball, including Wildcats Victoria Dunlap and Crystal Riley. He also coached the Shelbyville Sports Shop 15-Under team to the AAU National Championship title in 2004.
Insell earned valuable basketball experience while attending the University of Tennessee from 2001-2005. He worked closely with both the men's and women's basketball programs, serving as a student assistant/video coordinator under former men's head coach Buzz Peterson and as an instructor at Pat Summitt's summer basketball camps. The Shelbyville, Tenn., native transferred to Middle Tennessee State during the 2005-06 season where his father, Rick Insell, is the head women's basketball coach. He went on to earn his bachelor's degree in political science from MTSU in 2007.