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Historical records matching Coretta Scott King
Immediate Family
<private> Kingchild
<private> Kingchild
<private> Kingsibling
About Coretta Scott King
Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the African-American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
Mrs. King's most prominent role may have been in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement.
Coretta Scott King was the third of four children born to Obadiah "Obe" Scott (1899–1998) and Bernice McMurray Scott (1904–1996) in Marion, Alabama. She had an older sister named Edythe, born in 1925, and a younger brother named Obadiah Leonard, born in 1930. An older daughter, Eunice Scott did not survive childhood. The Scotts owned a farm, which had been in the family since the American Civil War, but were not particularly wealthy. During the Great Depression the Scott children picked cotton to help earn money. Obie was the first black in their neighborhood to own a truck. He had a barber shop in their home. He also owned a lumber mill, which was burned down by white neighbors.
Though uneducated themselves, Coretta Scott's parents intended for all of their children to be educated. Coretta quoted her mother as having said, "My children are going to college, even if it means I only have but one dress to put on." The Scott children attended a one room elementary school 5 miles (8 km) from their home and were later bussed to Lincoln Normal School, which despite being 9 mi (14 km) from their home, was the closest black high school in Marion, Alabama, due to racial segregation in schools. The bus was driven by Coretta's mother Bernice, who bussed all the local black teenagers. Coretta Scott graduated valedictorian of Lincoln Normal School in 1945 and enrolled at Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Edythe Scott already attended Antioch as part of the Antioch Program for Interracial Education, which recruited non-white students and gave them full scholarships in an attempt to diversify the historically white campus. Coretta said of her first college:
Antioch had envisioned itself as a laboratory in democracy, but had no black students. (Edythe) became the first African American to attend Antioch on a completely integrated basis, and was joined by two other black female students in the fall of 1943. Pioneering is never easy, and all of us who followed my sister at Antioch owe her a great debt of gratitude.
Coretta studied music with Walter Anderson, the first non-white chair of an academic department in a historically white college. Scott King also became politically active, due largely to her experience of racial discrimination by the local school board. She became active in the nascent civil rights movement; she joined the Antioch chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the college's Race Relations and Civil Liberties Committees. The board denied her request to perform her second year of required practice teaching at Yellow Springs public schools, for her teaching certificate Scott King appealed to the Antioch College administration, which was unwilling or unable to change the situation in the local school system and instead employed her at the college's associated laboratory school for a second year.
Coretta transferred out of Antioch when she won a scholarship to the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. It was while studying singing at that school with Marie Sundelius that she met Martin Luther King, Jr.[3] In her early life Coretta was as well known as a singer as she was as a civil rights activist, and often incorporated music into her civil rights work. In 1964, the Time profile of Martin Luther King, Jr., when he was chosen as Time's "Man of the Year", referred to her as "a talented young soprano."
Coretta Scott and Martin Luther King, Jr., were married on June 18, 1953, on the lawn of her mother's house; the ceremony was performed by Martin Jr.'s father, Martin Luther King, Sr.. After completing her degree in voice and violin at the New England Conservatory, she moved with her husband to Montgomery, Alabama in September 1954.
The Kings had four children:
Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) Martin Luther King III ( October 23, 1957 in Montgomery, Alabama) Dexter Scott King ( January 30, 1961 in Atlanta Georgia) Bernice Albertine King ( March 28, 1963 in Atlanta, Georgia)
All four children later followed in their parents' footsteps as civil rights activists.
Coretta Scott King played an extremely important role in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Martin wrote of her that, "I am indebted to my wife Coretta, without whose love, sacrifices, and loyalty neither life nor work would bring fulfillment. She has given me words of consolation when I needed them and a well-ordered home where Christian love is a reality." However, Martin and Coretta did conflict over her public role in the movement. Martin wanted Coretta to focus on raising their four children, while Coretta wanted to take a more public leadership role.
Coretta Scott King took part in the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 and took an active role in advocating for civil rights legislation. Most prominently, perhaps, she worked hard to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Not long after her husband's assassination in 1968, Coretta approached the African American entertainer and activist Josephine Baker to take her husband's place as leader of The Civil Rights Movement. After many days of thinking it over Baker declined, stating that her twelve adopted children (known as the "rainbow tribe") were " ... too young to lose their mother." Shortly after that Coretta decided to take the helm of the movement herself.
Coretta Scott King broadened her focus to include women's rights, LGBT rights, economic issues, world peace, and various other causes. As early as December 1968, she called for women to "unite and form a solid block of women power to fight the three great evils of racism, poverty and war," during a Solidarity Day speech. As leader of the movement, Coretta Scott King founded the Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta. She served as the center's president and CEO from its inception until she passed the reins of leadership to son Dexter Scott King. She published her memoirs, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1969.
Coretta Scott King was also under surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1968 until 1972. Her husband's activities had been monitored during his lifetime. Documents obtained by a Houston, Texas television station show that the FBI worried that Coretta Scott King would "tie the anti-Vietnam movement to the civil rights movement." A spokesman for the King family said that they were aware of the surveillance, but had not realized how extensive it was.
Every year after the assassination of her husband in 1968, Coretta attended a commemorative service at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta to mark his birthday on January 15. She fought for years to make it a national holiday. Murray M. Silver, an Atlanta attorney, made the appeal at the services on January 14, 1979. Coretta Scott King later confirmed that it was the "...best, most productive appeal ever..."
Coretta Scott King was finally successful in this in 1986, when Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was made a federal holiday.
Coretta Scott King attended the state funeral of Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973, as a very close friend of the former president.
When President Ronald Reagan signed legislation establishing Martin Luther King Day, she was at the event.
She became vegan in the last 10 years of her life.
During the 1980s, Scott King reaffirmed her long-standing opposition to apartheid, participating in a series of sit-in protests in Washington, D.C. that prompted nationwide demonstrations against South African racial policies.
In 1986, she traveled to South Africa and met with Winnie Mandela, while Mandela's husband Nelson Mandela was still a political prisoner on Robben Island. She declined invitations from Pik Botha and moderate Zulu chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi. Upon her return to the United States, she urged Reagan to approve economic sanctions against South Africa.
A long-time advocate for world peace, in 1957, Scott King was one of the founders of The Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (now called Peace Action).
Scott King was vocal in her opposition to capital punishment and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, thus drawing criticism from conservative groups. She was also an advocate of feminism, LGBT rights, animal rights, and HIV/AIDS prevention.
On April 1, 1998 at the Palmer House Hilton in Chicago, Scott King called on the civil rights community to join in the struggle against homophobia and anti-gay bias. "Homophobia is like racism and anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry in that it seeks to dehumanize a large group of people, to deny their humanity, their dignity and personhood", she stated. "This sets the stage for further repression and violence that spread all too easily to victimize the next minority group."
In a speech in November 2003 at the opening session of the 13th annual Creating Change Conference, organized by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Scott King made her now famous appeal linking the Civil Rights Movement to the LGBT agenda: "I still hear people say that I should not be talking about the rights of lesbian and gay people. ... But I hasten to remind them that Martin Luther King Jr. said, 'Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.' I appeal to everyone who believes in Martin Luther King Jr.'s dream, to make room at the table of brotherhood and sisterhood for lesbian and gay people."
Coretta Scott King's support of LGBT rights was strongly criticized by some black pastors. She called her critics "misinformed" and said that Martin Luther King's message to the world was one of equality and inclusion.
In 2003, she invited the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force to take part in observances of the 40th anniversary of the March on Washington and Martin Luther King's I Have a Dream speech. It was the first time that an LGBT rights group had been invited to a major event of the African American community.
On March 23, 2004, she told an audience at Richard Stockton College in Pomona, New Jersey, that same-sex marriage is a civil rights issue. She denounced a proposed amendment advanced by President George W. Bush to the United States Constitution that would ban equal marriage rights for same-sex couples. In her speech King also criticized a group of black pastors in her home state of Georgia for backing a bill to amend that state's constitution to block gay and lesbian couples from marrying. Scott King is quoted as saying "Gay and lesbian people have families, and their families should have legal protection, whether by marriage or civil union. A constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriages is a form of gay bashing and it would do nothing at all to protect traditional marriage."
Established in 1968 by Coretta Scott King, The King Center is the official memorial dedicated to the advancement of the legacy and ideas of Martin Luther King, Jr., leader of a nonviolent movement for justice, equality and peace. She handed the reins as CEO and president of the King Center down to her son, Dexter Scott King, who still runs the center today.
By the end of her 77th year, Coretta began experiencing health problems. Her husband's former secretary, Dora McDonald, assisted her part time in this period. Hospitalized in April 2005, a month after speaking in Selma at the 40th anniversary of the Selma Voting Rights Movement, she was diagnosed with a heart condition and was discharged on her 78th and final birthday. Later, she suffered several small strokes. On August 16, 2005, she was hospitalized after suffering a stroke and a mild heart attack. Initially, she was unable to speak or move her right side. She was released from Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta on September 22, 2005, after regaining some of her speech and continued physiotherapy at home. Due to continuing health problems, Scott King cancelled a number of speaking and traveling engagements throughout the remainder of 2005. On January 14, 2006, Coretta made her last public appearance in Atlanta at a dinner honoring her husband's memory.
Coretta Scott King, died in the late evening of January 30, 2006 at a rehabilitation center in Rosarito Beach, Mexico, In the Oasis Hospital where she was undergoing holistic therapy for her stroke and advanced stage ovarian cancer. The main cause of her death however, is believed to be respiratory failure due to complications from ovarian cancer. The clinic at which she died was called the Hospital Santa Monica, but was licensed as Clinica Santo Tomas. Newspaper reports indicated that it was not legally licensed to "perform surgery, take X-rays, perform laboratory work or run an internal pharmacy, all of which it was doing." It was also founded, owned, and operated by San Diego resident, and highly controversial alternative medicine figure, Kurt Donsbach. Days after Mrs. King's death, the Baja California, Mexico state medical commissioner, Dr. Francisco Vera, shut down the clinic.
Over 14,000 people gathered for Coretta Scott King's eight-hour funeral at the New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Lithonia, Georgia on February 7, 2006 where daughter Bernice King, who is an elder at the church, eulogized her mother. The megachurch, whose sanctuary seats 10,000, was better able to handle the expected massive crowds than Ebenezer Baptist Church, of which Coretta was a member since the early 1960s and which was the site of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s funeral in 1968.
U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, and their wives attended. The Ford family was absent due to the illness of President Ford (who himself died later that year). Former First Lady Barbara Bush, had a previous engagement and also did not attend. Numerous other prominent political and civil rights leaders, including then-U.S. senator Barack Obama, attended the televised service.
Mrs. King was interred in a temporary mausoleum on the grounds of the King Center until a permanent place next to her husband's remains could be built.[19] She had expressed to family members and others that she wanted her remains to lie next to her husband's at the King Center. On November 20, 2006 the new mausoleum containing both the bodies of Dr. and Mrs King was unveiled in front of friends and family. It is the third resting place of Martin Luther King. Coretta Scott King died on son Dexter's birthday.
President Jimmy Carter and Rev. Joseph Lowery provided funeral orations. With President George W. Bush seated a few feet away, Rev. Lowery, referencing Coretta's vocal opposition to the Iraq War, noted the failure to find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. President Carter, referencing Coretta's lifelong struggle for civil rights, noted that her family had been the target of secret government wiretapping. Their somewhat controversial comments were met with thunderous applause and standing ovations.
Coretta Scott King was the recipient of various honors and tributes both before and after her death. She received honorary degrees from many institutions, including Princeton University, Duke University, and Bates College. She was honored by both of her alma maters in 2004, receiving a Horace Mann Award from Antioch College and an Outstanding Alumni Award from the New England Conservatory of Music.
In 1970, the American Library Association began awarding a medal named for Coretta Scott King to outstanding African American writers and illustrators of children's literature.
Many individuals and organizations paid tribute to Scott King following her death, including U.S. President George W. Bush, the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, the Human Rights Campaign, the National Black Justice Coalition, her alma mater Antioch College. In 2004, Coretta Scott King was awarded the prestigious Gandhi Peace Prize by the Government of India.
In 2006, the Jewish National Fund, the organization that works to plant trees in Israel, announced the creation of the Coretta Scott King forest in the Galilee region of Northern Israel, with the purpose of "perpetuating her memory of equality and peace," as well as the work of her husband. When she learned about this plan, King wrote to Israel's parliament:
"On April 8, 1968, just before he was killed, Martin delivered his last public address. In it he spoke of the visit he and I made to Israel. Moreover, he spoke to us about his vision of the Promised Land, a land of justice and equality, brotherhood and peace. Martin dedicated his life to the goals of peace and unity among all peoples, and perhaps nowhere in the world is there a greater appreciation of the desirability and necessity of peace than in Israel."
In 2007, The Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy (CSKYWLA) was opened in Atlanta, Georgia. At its inception, the school served girls in grade 6 with plans for expansion to grade 12 by 2014. CSKYWLA is a public school in the Atlanta Public Schools system. Among the staff and students, the acronym for the school's name, CSKYWLA (pronounced "see-skee-WAH-lah"), has been coined as a protologism to which this definition has given – "to be empowered by scholarship, non-violence, and social change." The school is currently under the leadership of Melody Morgan (Principal) and April Patton (Dean of Academics).
Super Bowl XL was dedicated to King and Rosa Parks. Both were memorialized with a moment of silence during the pregame ceremonies. The children of both Parks and King then helped Tom Brady with the ceremonial coin toss. In addition two choirs representing the states of Georgia (King's home state) and Alabama (Park's home state) accompanied Dr. John, Aretha Franklin and Aaron Neville in the singing the National Anthem.
Upon the news of her death, moments of reflection, remembrance, and mourning began around the world. In the United States Senate, Majority Leader Bill Frist presented Senate Resolution 362 on behalf of all U.S. Senators, with the afternoon hours filled with respectful tributes throughout the U.S. Capitol.
On January 31, 2006 following a moment of silence in memoriam to the death of Scott King, the United States House of Representatives presented House Resolution 655 in honor of her legacy. In an unusual action, the resolution included a grace period of five days in which further comments could be added to it.
Coretta Scott King's Timeline
April 27, 1927
Marion, AL, USA
Age 27
Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama, United States
October 23, 1957
Age 30
Montgomery, Alabama, United States
January 30, 2006
Age 78
Rosarito, Mexico


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From that point on, the Pirates took control, in front of 5,087 screaming fans, and closed the game on a 13-2 run to defeat the Houston Cougars 89-78.
"We're used to it," said Akeem Richmond. "It's all about staying poised and not panicking."
Maurice Kemp led the charge for ECU (11-5, 2-1 C-USA) – shooting 65 percent from the field (13-20) for a career-high 30 points and grabbing 8 rebounds.
After missing its first thirteen shots from beyond the arc, the Pirates caught fire from deep in the second half; converting 8-15. Richmond had four triples and scored all of his 14 points in the second half, coming off the bench.
"I just came in and shot the ball with a lot of confidence," said Richmond. "(Head coach Jeff Lebo) likes it when I'm making it. When I'm missing, (it's a) different story."
Lebo added "He's not Vinnie Johnson, but he can get going. That's what he does."
Miguel Paul struggled out of the gate, only scoring 4 points in the first half, but managed to score crucial baskets down the stretch and finished with 16 points and 8 assists.
Houston (12-4, 1-2 C-USA) has a plethora of young talent on its roster—led by freshman Daniel House, who had a team-high 22 points on 8-13 shooting from the field. Sophomore TaShawn Thomas followed suit with 18 points and collected 8 rebounds.
The Cougars shot 50 percent in the first half (15-30) and led 36-30 going into the locker room.
Despite having multiple scoring threats and scoring 76 points, the Cougars seemed shell-shocked in the second half and couldn't shut the door on the Pirates. The visitors saw their lead diminish when Richmond buried a trey that gave ECU its first lead, 73-71 with 5:45 remaining, since scoring the first basket in the game's opening minute.
"(ECU) just killed us in the second half," said Cougars head coach James Dickey. "If you give up 59 points (in the second half), you are not going to beat anybody. You certainly have to give (ECU) a lot of credit. I thought they were terrific."
Ty Armstrong started slowly but still churned out some key buckets when his team needed it. In the game's first three minutes, Armstrong was 1-6 shooting from the field; but hit his last 3 shot to finish with 9 points, while grabbing 12 boards.
Houston's Leone Young had 14 points and a team-high 9 rebounds off the bench and Joseph Young added 15 points.
After alternating wins and losses in its last ten games, ECU has captured back to back wins for the first time since Nov. 26.The Pirates are now 10-1 on their home floor at Minges Coliseum this season.
"It was quite a crowd. They were very vocal tonight," said Lebo. "We appreciate that. Our kids appreciate that. They have been a factor in some of the wins we've had here."
The Pirates will tip-off a two game road trip Saturday in Huntington against the Marshall Thundering Herd (8-9, 1-1 C-USA).
ECU's next game at Minges Coliseum will be Jan. 26 when they play host to the UTEP Miners (9-7, 2-1 C-USA).

subset: commoncrawl


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Ok so I was outside this morning and saw a flock of 25-30 geese that are using a pond in my subdivision as their home spot. It was about 9:45am. I also see these geese coming home in the evening hours. Today I took off and tried to follow them but by the time I got out of my subdivision I couldn't see them..
1) I only found a couple field with cut corn...no geese
2) Will geese land in a field that has tall grass such as an uncut hay field or uncut bean field?
3) How far will they from their night spot and return tot he same spot?
4) Should I be looking for ponds or anything special?
5) am I wrong to assume that they are going out to eat?
6) I have looked on Google Earth but do not know how far out to look, or what to really look for?
any help would be appreciated...


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28 03 2011 04:45
Renowned microphone manufacturer Sontronics have launched three brand new, quality microphones specifically designed for use with acoustic drum kits.
02 09 2010 04:10
Get 3 for the price of 1 microphones this Autumn...
10 05 2010 03:45
Inspired by their bestselling STC-1 and STC-2, Sontronics have released three new microphones designed for the most affordable end of the market.
12 04 2010 05:53
Launched at NAMM 2010, the brand new multi-pattern condenser mic from British microphone brand Sontronics is now shipping!
18 01 2010 03:00
To celebrate the 5th anniversary of Sontronics, anyone in the UK or Ireland purchasing a new Sontronics microphone from Dolphin Music between 14th January and the 28th of February will be able to claim a free STC-80 Dynamic Mic worth £79.00!
We have worked hard to create one of the safest online shopping environments in the industry. We have been trading online since 1999 & have served thousands of customers over this time.


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Fresh off a hotly discussed VMA performance, the pop star has a new song, which—no surprise here—is called "Twerk," with Justin Bieber. The track, which also features Bieber's bff rapper Lil Twist, leaked Wednesday morning, according to Buzzfeed.
Listen here and let us know what you think in the comments.
How do you feel about Cyrus and Bieber collaborating? Are you twerking?


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Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Elke Mühlberger, Paul Duprex, and Ron Corley
Vincent, Alan, and Rich celebrate the 200th episode of TWiV by visiting the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories at Boston University Medical Center, where they meet with Elke, Paul, and Ron to talk about building and working in a BSL4 facility.
Right-click to download TWiV 200 (72 MB .mp3, 100 minutes).
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Luis - VBORNET maps


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The British government announced every new building put up in the country will have to be zero carbon, emitting none of the pollution that is the main cause of global warming. Caroline Flint, the new housing minister said the government is committed to setting an "ambitious target" for elminating carbon dioxide emissions from "non-domestic" buildings anging from schools to supermarkets. The goal is achieving zero carbon housing by 2016, an achievement no other nation in the world has set to attain.
Until now, there has not been any such goal established for non-domestic buildings. An important facet of this program is improving old buildings since only one percent of buildings are new. Under the Kyoto Protocl, Britain must reduce its emissions of several greenhouse bases– chiefly carbon dioxide, methane andnitrous oxide to 12.5% below 1990 levels by2012. This goal now appears to be one that will be reached.


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There are some pretty expensive solutions out there for getting Notification Cetner widgets and application icons on your lock screen for faster access, however a new jailbreak tweak dubbed AnyLock by iOS developer Gil Ben Moshe will let you put both Notification Center widgets and application icons on the lock screen.
The tweak allows you to put the application icons and the Notification Center widgets absolutely anywhere on the screen you want them to be. There is no grid that the applications have to snap into like on the home screen this means you can have them as out-of-line or as in-line as you want them to be. The icons can be placed around the Notification Center widgets, on the notifications center widgets, or anywhere in between.
AnyLock has an application icon added to the home screen where you can edit the way the lock screen will look when you add elements to it:
As soon as you launch the application, youre in editing mode and the application will simulate what your lock screen is going to look like. You can move anything on the interface around so that it appears anywhere you want them to in this mode. You can also tap on the red "delete mode" button at the top of the screen to enter delete mode, which will allow you to remove elements from the lock screen. To add elements, tap on the green, "add" button at the top and you will be accompanied by two lists one is for widgets and one is for applications where you can tap on anything from the list to add it to the lock screen. You should tap on the "save" button every time you finish making changes, but you won't have to perform a respring to see your changes on the lock screen because they will appear there immediately once you save your changes.
The appearance of the application for editing your lock screen elements looks like something right out of Windows 8, but the tweak looks a lot better on the lock screen once youre done editing everything to your liking.
AnyLock also comes with a preferences pane in the Settings application where you can adjust some options pertaining to the lock screens default contents:
From the preferences pane you can enable and disable the tweak on demand as well as:
- choose between sliding the slide to unlock slider and tapping to unlock the device
- choose between single-tapping or double-tapping application icons to launch the apps
- hide or show the lock screen clock
- hide or show the lock screen slide to unlock bar
- hide or show the lock screen notifications
Hiding certain lock screen elements from the preferences pane will allow for more room to add more content to the lock screen. AnyLock works just fine for the user that likes having everything on their lock screen so they dont have to dig into iOS to use their device. While it potentially defeats the purpose of having a lock screen, the tweak makes it easier for people to spend less time on their phones to get things done by providing shortcuts.
Note: In the current version, you need to enable the "Lock Bar" from the preferences pane after enabling the tweak BEFORE you lock your device or else there will be no way to unlock your device without booting into safe mode. A new version has been pushed to the repo and is awaiting review that will make it so the slider is automatically shown on the lock screen by default when the tweak is enabled.
Name: AnyLock
Price: $1.99
Version: 1.0
Requirements: iOS 5
Repo: BigBoss
Developer: Gil Ben Moshe
Editor's Rating: 3/5
Sources: Gil Ben Moshe


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The Da Vinci Code: Part 3 of 3
Announcer:The 21st century has ushered in events and issues that cause us to ask "Where is God in today's world?" In response, Dallas Theological Seminary presents DTS Dialogue - Issues of God and Culture: The Da Vinci Code. Written by Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code is a fictional thriller that has captured the coveted number-one sales ranking at Amazon.com, camped out for 40 weeks on The New York Times Best-Seller List, and inspired a one-hour ABC News special. Along the way, it has sparked debates about Western culture and Christian history. While the ABC News feature assessed Brown's fascination with an alleged marriage between Jesus and Mary Magdalene, The Da Vinci Code contains many other false claims about Christianity's historic origins and theological development. The following Dialogue, hosted by Dr. Mark Bailey, took place with Doctors Jeff Bingham and Darrell Bock, both of whom participated in the ABC special. Doctor Bock's own book on the topic, Breaking The DaVinci Code, also was a New York Times Best-Seller. Listen in to their discussion about the novel, the opportunities that it has created, and the problematic history and theology proposed within its pages.
Mark Bailey:Talking about the positive element of this: Peter Wright's "Set Christ apart within your heart, always being able to give an answer for the hope that lies within you"---but to do it with an attitude of humility and gentleness that will silence the critics, the slander that might come against Christians. But talk about the positive element, that this allows us really to take those foundational doctrines of the faith and put them on the table in a discussion with the culture, maybe as never before.
Darrell Bock:I'm glad you asked about the relationship of the faith and the culture, because I think that the second responsibility of a pastor, in terms of content, beyond being the church's theologian, which I do think is primary, is, secondarily, to be a little bit of an educator with regard to what's going on in the culture and how best to think about presenting Christ in the context of the culture in which we live. I think most pastors wrestle with how to do this well, because it's a difficult thing to do well. Part of what you have to be able to sense is where this actually is coming from.
This novel is important - and it's important to discuss - not because the issues it raises have substance, but because of where the issues that it raises are coming from.
This is coming from a strand of scholarship that is in the universities, and in some religion departments, around the country; it is being portrayed as if it's top-drawer scholarship. And culture often tends to want to draw its attitudes about things from what it perceives to be top-drawer scholarship. Unfortunately, it's not the best in quality of scholarship; it's very misleading.
And most people are completely unaware that this underlayer to the book even exists, even though it's starting to surface now.
But it's starting to surface in very obvious places; and we're not a few weeks away from a cover story in Newsweek, called, I think, "Bible's Lost Stories", in which some of these accounts that we've been talking about have been elevated to prominence.
Now, I do that not to deflect from the question; but the point is that you're not going to be able even to begin to address the culture about the real Jesus, which is where the opportunity here is, unless you understand the backdrop of how Jesus is being portrayed and why he's being portrayed in that way.
Our culture has a tendency to want to make Jesus always a great religious teacher. And when you think about it from a cultural standpoint: they struggle with the Christian. They struggle with the Christian because the Christian comes along and says, "You don't have enough respect for my Jesus." Meanwhile, the culture is saying, "I have terrific respect for your Jesus. I think he's a prophetic figure. I go up the ladder of religious vocations, and a prophet is pretty high up there. There aren't too many slots above that. I have a great respect for your Jesus. I think he's one of the religious greats of all time."
And that's what some of this writing attempts to reflect: that Jesus was a wonderful prophet, who taught about knowledge of God. Now, it detaches the person and work of Jesus from it, which is where the problem is. But he's a wonderful way of directing us to a better inner understanding of what our relationship with God can be. And it's put on this very much spiritual-quest mode, which our culture tends to embrace.
Well, the problem is that the Christian message is not that Jesus is the great prophet of God. Now, he is a prophet, and he functions as a prophet; but he's much, much more. Jesus is unique. And, unless the church learns how to talk about Jesus's uniqueness in a culture that wants to make him a prophet, we're not going to do a very good job of presenting Jesus to the culture.
So, whatever we do as a pastoral theologian, and whatever we do as an observer of the culture, we have to be teaching - and reflecting in our teaching - that Jesus is unique, that there's a unique message with regard to what Jesus did for sinners. There's a reason why that flesh and blood hung on the cross; and that's because Jesus was a real representative, on our behalf, doing something we were incapable of doing for ourselves. There was a real reason why Jesus was hanging on the cross; and that is that God was making a statement about how much He loved humanity. He loved humanity enough to die in order to achieve the deliverance that humanity needs.
He was making a statement that what people cannot do for themselves, in terms of saving themselves, He is willing to do on their behalf. He is willing to do, on their behalf, through One who is His representative and His sent One, who is, if I can say it this way, THE Apostle from Heaven, and, as THE Apostle from Heaven, died in our place. And, if we will accept that uniqueness of Jesus, all the blessings of relationship and fellowship with God, and eternal life - not merely a life of duration, but a life of quality with God, a life that is eternal because it is rooted in Heaven - that is what we need to be preaching in the churches. And, so, however we do it, we must always come back to the idea that Jesus is unique. As good as a prophet is, the title "prophet" is not good enough for Jesus.
And, if we can do that, and if we can help people do that, and if you can draw on the resources that will help you do that - you don't have to do this on your own as a pastor. There are a lot of good resources out there that will help you with these kinds of issues. And, if you learn to draw on those resources and do some teaching around it, you can help your people be prepared and turn what is, at one level, a tragedy - a misstatement of history, and a repetition of that misstatement of history being promoted at some levels of our culture - turn it into an opportunity to talk about who the real Jesus is.
And the real Jesus is unique. And He's worth sharing. And He's worth sharing with a needy culture.
Mark Bailey:This comes back in terms of our Biblical basis and our Biblical revelation. I'm amazed, as I listen to this discussion and as I read outside this discussion, how well God anticipated the heresies that would float through the Lycos valleys - so to speak, to borrow an imagery of Colossians - that anticipated some of the controversies of the early church, that anticipate the Gnostic dualism and the misrepresentation of God's creation in dualistic terms, separating the physical and the spiritual.
I was working through some material in Colossians more recently that all of the almost incipient heresies that get elevated or get refuted in advance in Colossians and John and Hebrews, Ephesians - all of them come back to relate to the person and work of Jesus Christ.
Darrell Bock:And to the uniqueness of God as well. I mean there really is - what's going on in these Gnostic movements is an elevation of man and a distortion of deity at the same time, so that, when the idea comes that "The way to have religious understanding and religious appreciation is through something I generate by having direct contact with the Light, and I don't have to go through God to do that; he just kind of points me in the way - 'Go there; you can do it'" - all that falls short. All that's an attempt to elevate man.
What the Gospel is about, fundamentally, is the recognition that a religion is not created in man's image. It isn't designed in the way in which most men would want to design it. The idea that I have to admit and recognize my own failures in order to experience real spiritual growth is a hard step for many to take. It isn't the way we would want to design it. We would prefer a book that says I'm OK, your OK.
And, what Christianity is doing is saying no. What God has done in his creation through Jesus Christ is to put a mirror up everybody's face. And in the mist of looking in that mirror and seeing that I am a fallen and imperfect creature, I need to look up to the Creator and say I need you because of who you are as Creator and I need to listen to what you have done as Creator to reclaim me as a part of your creation.
That's what God is doing through Jesus Christ. Most religious doctrine that is off, is off because it doesn't direct your attention to Jesus and what God has done through Jesus. It's off because it redirects its attention back to you.
Mark: So, it's a mis-definition of sin. And hence, a misunderstanding of the Saviour sent by God to deal with that sin.
Darrell:And even more tragically it's also at the same time a misunderstanding of our own self-identity. In the claim to be elevating self-identity and elevating the self, it actually is a -- how do I want to say it -- it actually is self-destructive. Because it's claiming prerogatives for the self that the self is not capable of bearing. Only God can elevate a person to the status of being all that he has created a man or a woman to be.
Jeff Bingham:And in order to arrive at a criticism of those beliefs, it criticizes -- it tries to tell us that this not reliable, that this is not unique, that there are other books which compete with it for attention. And it questions the doctrines of an errancy and the doctrines of inspiration. Thereby, these other doctrines fall on their faces.
The modernist and the post-modernist want to say I am best judge as to whether or not this is reliable. No, the Christian says, this is reliable because it is the collection of the writings of the Apostles and the prophets handed down to me through the sovereign, devoted energy and ministry of the Holy Spirit as he gave what Christ had taught to the churches.
Darrell:And it is the message of the fact that Jesus Christ is unique and the uniqueness of Jesus Christ is the Word that drives what makes the word of God itself unique.
Mark: That's right. And though -- Christ and word can never be separated -- that's right.
Darrell:Those two things belong very much together and any effort to separate those two things, again, is an effort -- the result of it will always be that it will leave people at sea.
Mark:I want to ask two more questions. One, this is a single novel. It's gained notoriety, it's captured peoples' imagination, the media has looked it, but this is a part of a bigger phenomenon in our culture. Why should we as Christians be interested? Why should we be concerned? In what way should we be aware, Jeff?
Jeff:I think one thing that we need to be aware of is that there is an entire group of literature out there, popular literature, Mark, that the businessman or the businesswoman, the pastor on a speaking trip can pop into any bookstore in any major airport and pick up some of these books. They can walk into any of the major bookstores that they frequent to buy their Christmas presents, or to pick up something to read on a car trip or to read to their children at home.
There is a group of books that are appearing which are all putting forward this idea that the church of history tried to hide something from you. It tried to keep something from you. It didn't tell you about all the gospels that were out there. It didn't tell you the true story on all the options that are in Christianity.
And so, these books are trying to set forth the idea that Christianity is really much bigger than the traditional church taught you that it was. There are many more options that you can choose from out there. Something was kept from you. You were cheated.
I think here for instance of one of the main popular authors who was also an extremely accomplished technical author, but Elaine Pagels, whose early book, The Gnostic Gospels does this. Her most recent book Beyond Belief does this. Books on Gnosticism and the options that are available to one in Gnosticism regarding the biblical books, extra biblical, other options for belief, are appearing on the bookstands all the time.
You can just walk up, lay your money down and walk out with them. So, we want to be aware that this novel is presenting an academic discussion that is also being communicated at the popular level.
Mark: If it's in the books today, it'll be in the theaters tomorrow.
Jeff:Absolutely. And unfortunately, it's entering into the hands of Christians who are unschooled in the ability to discern between truth and error.
Darrell: [whispering] And what makes it so exciting is it's secret.
Mark: [whispering] Secret.
Jeff: Yeah.
Darrell:[whispering] It's secret, that's right. And so, we're going to tell you something that you didn't know before. And in that process it adds an aura to the whole thing that -- actually most of this stuff was known. Centuries and centuries and centuries ago it was discussed by the church fathers, what's different is that we now have the finds at Nag Hammadi where we can listen to these views being expanded by the people who actually held them.
What's interesting about that is that when we listen to the people who actually hold these views, expand their views, we find that the church fathers describe their views actually rather well. They were pretty accurately represented in terms of what it was that they were arguing and teaching.
What these two groups disagreed about, years ago, was something they both recognized were distinct theologies. What the new group won't tell you is this. That was centuries ago, when these theologies existed beside one another, each group saw the other as not being authentic Christianity. There was no period in which these two groups existed as a kind of large Christian family side-by-side to one another. They were always in contention with one another.
And so the option that they want you to take, which is to just open up Christianity and allow for this variety, is an option historically that never existed. That's the real secret about this stuff.
So, it's important in working with these resources and knowing that they're out there and knowing that they're going to continue to come, that they are being fostered by a wing of scholarship.
That scholarship is being underwritten by major publication efforts that are continuing to come out in sequence. They're making a penetration. You can go -- this is an irony -- you can go to the top 20 booklist for Christianity on a site like Amazon.com and, because I know the area, I can tell you that a half dozen of those books are these Gnostic Christian books restating this idea in a new way. That's how much penetration it's had.
Mark: Would we call this a neo-Gnosticism?
Darrell:That's what some people will call it. They'll call it a neo-not -- now if you listen to the people who are propounding these books, they say we ought to do away with the term Gnostic, we ought to do away with the term Orthodox, we ought to do away with heretical. All these terms need to be put aside because that's anachronistic. It's the lighter winners imposing themselves on the earlier history.
What we've been trying to say to you is this. No, it's not anachronistic. It's built-in to the actual historical story. It is the historical story. This conflict was something that existed within Christianity in its earliest centuries. It was being contended for in those early centuries and when we come to the period of the third and fourth century, the church made a very clear decision between these two expressions of theology.
Jeff:Of course, the bottom line here is that without the Scripture and without the help of those Christians who have gone before us, we aren't smart enough to figure it out on our own.
Mark:Right. Which brings us back to the pastoral responsibility that all of us have, with our familes, with our churches, with our Christian movements of which we are a part.
I am reminded of Paul's instruction to the Ephesian elders shepherding the flock of God included protection from false teaching. We live in a period of time; and, Darell, you just described it, in which tolerance is the spirit of the age. And, tolerance works except for that which God says is true about Christ and true about His word that they would view as intolerant. Others would say that is too narrow. It seems that Paul, talking to the Ephesian elders, said that there is a truth to be taught; there is a body of belief that is to be protected; there are people who are in danger. And, even from within the midst of religious fervor and in the midst of under so-called Christianity, error can rise and draw people away.
And so, how can we help? What are some sources that we can we recommend to those that might be watching our conversation and listening to our conversation that might help them get up to speed, so to speak; and, help them get prepared for this discussion?
It is coming in the culture. It is seductive. It is attractive. Reading that book, it is a good read. I do not know of a novel I have read lately that I have sat down and read the first 150 pages without putting it down. Part of that was to get ready for this kind of a discussion. [laughter]. Part of it was that it was that interesting. I even did it while the football game was on! [laughter].
How do we prepare our people?
Jeff:I think, on the one hand, you let people know what the resources are. And, on the other hand, you remind them of how important this kind of a discussion is. Let me mention some of the resources you can look at. There is an interesting book that gives a little bit of the history of what is going on in our culture. It is this book. It is called Hidden Gospels. It is written by a history teacher at Penn State University. The subtitle is, How the Search for Jesus Lost Its Way. The author is Phillip Jenkins. You can get this at Barnes & Noble or Amazon.com or Borders. It is on the shelves. It is a fairly widely read book. And, it walks through the history of this scholarly/popular thing that is happening. It does some good analysis of it.
I would say for someone who is a pastor or an interested lay person who kind of wants the, I can say it this way, the guts and the gore of all the details; this is a nice place to start.
I have already mentioned Bruce Metzger's, The Canon of the New Testament that deals with the canonical issues. If you want to take a little dabble into what is going on in these Gnostic works and what their theology really is; I really think that one of the most effective ways you can deal with this is to actually quote some of these works and let people read them.
My daughter, who is looking at the manuscript of the book that I am working on that is about all of this, said to me last night on the phone, she said, "Dad, that stuff is just weird." [laughter]. And, she is right.
Here is a collection of the translation called The Nag Hammadi Library. It is edited by James Robinson. If you were to just take a little dip, if I can say it that way, into the Apocalypse of Peter, or the Apocalypse of John, the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Phillip where these passages are coming up; and, you were to read them in context, not the little snippets, which you sometimes get. Just read certain portions of the document whole; you would see how different the theology is that we have been talking about compared to what you read when you pick up portions of the Bible and read it. There is a different view of God. There is a different view of Jesus. There is a different view of salvation. There is even a different definition of how to do spirituality.
I think the best way to do that is to rather than let people kind of suggest to you, oh this is secret and it is really interesting and to give you a little snippet. The best way to see it is to see it in context.
Let me give you one example. In the Gospel of Thomas there is a very famous text. Remember that the Gospel of Thomas in these gospel is to elevate the role of women, the sacred feminine, etcetera. The text is Gospel of Thomas 1:14. In it, it says, that Mary needs to become a man in order to enter the kingdom of God. Now, that certainly is not an affirming text on the position and the role of women. It is a very famous passage. It actually reflects the culture that it was a part of; because, we talked about what the nature of the culture was of the first and second century in relationship to women. So, sometimes, I think the best preparation is to just take a glance at the some of the stuff directly itself. Just read it itself, not because you are expecting to get any spiritual buzz out of it. But, simply because the contrast will be so evident when you see what these texts are actually saying, not what people are reporting them to say or what the best snippets of them say. But, what these texts are actually in contrast to what has been said and taught and preached for centuries as Christians.
Mark: Recommendations, Jeff?
Jeff:I think for the pastor who wants to educate and to bring his people in to the theology of Christian orthodoxy; I think popular handbooks that come forward from our own school, for instance, that are still so good although they are somewhat dated. Charles Ryrie's little book, Basic Bible Doctrines, his larger book, Basic Theology, the average Christian can get their hands around these.
For the one who wants to go a little bit further, Millard Erickson's, Christian Theology, I think, is an extremely helpful volume.
But, in addition to just getting a handle on basic theological issues, basic historical issues in the history of the church is important as well. So, I think of my own colleague in the Theological Studies department who has written a fantastic book on the doctrine of Christianity, the history of Christian doctrine entitled, Our Legacy, Dr. John Hannah.
Other books which introduce the history of the church, Bruce Shelley's Church History in Plain Language, Mark Knowles' book, Turning Points and I think also of a little book that came out by InterVarsity Press by me...
Mark: I was going to ask you about that.
Darrell:...A Pocket History of the Church. So, it is important for the pastor to be able to know the issues theologically and historically.
Jeff:I think it was Dwight L. Moody who said, "If you want to know how crooked a stick is; put a straight stick down along side of it." And, I think what we have in the Scripture is straight stick. And, I think the better our people understand and keep reading the Scriptures and working their way through the passages of the Scripture: Who is God? What is the Bible? Who is Christ? What is salvation? What is the Christian life? What is the church? What does the Bible teach? I do not think there is a better way to get prepared when you see what you see whether it is in the Nagomady Library, whether it is in Dan Brown and The DaVinci Code.
To stay rooted in the Scripture. God has given gifted people to the church to equip saints to do the work of the ministry until they come to the unity of the faith, a measure of the stature that belongs to the fullness of Christ. Their lives are transformed. They are built up. And, as a result, Paul says, they are no longer like children, immature, who are carried about by every wind of doctrine.
So, I think that the better we can help our people get rooted and grounded in scripture, the spiritual life, active in ministry, engaging our culture and not being afraid to engage; we have truth. And, I think the better we learn that truth; the better we will be able to engage. But, at the same time, to be aware of what is happening about us; that has been the purpose of this discussion. It is to help ourselves help others. So: What is being said? What is being taught? What are the trends? What are the tools? How do we help one another grow in our ability to take that life-transforming gospel?
Announcer:For more information about Dallas Theological Seminary, please visit our website at www.dts.edu.


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Q&A: Cravings, Allergies, Eating Out, and Paleo
We received some great questions recently about lingering cravings, subbing out flours for nut allergies and how to turn down food at friends' houses. I thought I'd share them here for anyone who has similar concerns. Q: Curbing Cravings I am still having cravings and giving into them for bread and sweets. Not huge quantities but a definite "need" to have a piece or two of bread each day. I've been sticking to rice based gluten-free bread but would honestly … Continue reading


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Items where Division is "Faculty of Humanities > English" and Year is 2003
|Up a level
Clarke, Catherine A.M. (2003) Envelope pattern and the locus amoenus in Old English Verse Notes and Queries, 50, (3), pp. 263-264. (doi:10.1093/nq/50.3.263).
Clarke, Catherine A.M. (2003) Overhearing complaint and the dialectic of consolation in Chaucer's verse Reading Medieval Studies, 29, pp. 19-30.
Primorac, Ranka (2003) The novel in a house of stone: re-categorising Zimbabwean fiction Journal of Southern African Studies, 29, (1), pp. 49-62.
Book Section
Campbell, Julie (2003) 'There is no more...': cultural memory in Endgame In, Ben-Zvi, Linda (eds.) Drawing on Beckett: Portraits, Performances, and Cultural Contexts. Tel Aviv-Yafo, IL, Tel Aviv University pp. 127-140. (Assaph Book Series).
Campbell, Julie (2003) Vladimir Nabokov's Pnin: the past and the present In, Bela, Teresa and Mazur, Zygmunt (eds.) The Legacy of History: English and American Studies and the Significance of the Past. Krakow, PL, Jagiellonian University Press pp. 438-451.


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I've been brought in to teach 17 teenagers from the eastern bloc. The last teacher quit because of stress and in some ways I can see why.
I am a newly qualified CELTA teacher, and today was my 1st day teaching a real class.
I didn't have any lesson plan prepared as theappointment was very short notice..So I kind of just led a conversation class with them. By the end of our 3 hour slot, I still had 17 students in the classroom i.e noone had left and I didn't feel distraught. So that's a result I suppose.
The group all know each other and have a pretty good grasp of English. Upper Intermediate - I'd say. How do I get them to not talk over each other and actually pay attention. They shout, speak in their own language, mobile phones go off etc. This is despite me setting rules at the beginning forbidding all this.
Does anyone have any pointers. I guess this is about classroom management. Is it just wishful thinking to believe that if go in with a structured lesson plan tomorrow, I'll have less trouble?


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T-beek, he's extending an olive branch. He's saying the war can end if all are willing. Accept it and let's get back to normal bantering, and not let it get out of hand again. Let's face it, we can all be a$$es at times. The smart ones can put it in the past and move on. So, let's do it, calm our rhetoric, and have fun.
I'm just glad that all the 'tag teaming' was nipped in the bud
QuoteI'm just glad that all the 'tag teaming' was nipped in the budspeaking only for myself, i didn't feel tag teamed. i did think there was some provoking to a fight, going on.... ;) but hey, i have probably been guilty of that also, so it's all good with me.


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Wax and grease remover = mineral spirits?
I read on can of Sherwin Williams R1K213 can of wax and grease remover-ingredients: mineral spirits? So that's all wax and grease remover is-mineral spirits?
They both smell the same, except a gallon of mineral spirits is like $13 at Lowes vs $24 for wax and grease remover. What's the difference?
I don't know about this particular can of wax and grease remover but when I looked into this a number of years ago wax and grease remover was much slower than most anything you could get cheap.
Listen, wax and grease remover is according to your numbers $11 more than Mineral spirits at the "McHome" store. How long does a gallon of wax and grease remover last? Let's say you are doing completes, how long is going to last, three or four cars at least, probably more. So that breaks down to about $3 to $4 dollars a car savings.
How much are you spending on materials to paint a car? How about the labor to paint a car, how are you spending? How about that beer or smoke you are having after?
That $3-$4 isn't jack squat, for goodness sakes use the stuff the paint company makes for this very important step in the painting process.
Just cause it's sold at auto paint store doesn't make it any better than if it were sold at home improvement store. If I buy masking tape at body shop supply at $7/roll, shouldn't I use same tape if I bought it from Lowes at $5/roll?
Yep, if it's the same why not? But if it's crap low cost tape it isn't worth it to me.
My explanation of the money savings isn't enough of a reason to buy the "right" stuff?
It's like sand paper, sand paper accounts for about 3% of the shops supply costs yet effects 30% of the labor. What sense does it take to use cheap sand paper if it has to be changed more and slows down production effecting that 30%?
There are things you can save money on, that isn't one of them in my opinion.
There is NO crap at a building center as far as solvents, that you want to use on or in a good paint job! Period.
First of all solvents are rated for different used, so MEK or ACETONE at Lowe's, is not the same grade used in automotive paint.
Mineral Spirits, there must be 100 different ones and any wax and grease remover will be blended with 2-5, if it is a good one.
Here is the good thing for any of you that want to clean the metal with lacquer thinner or a Lowes, Home depot wax and grease remover.
I have so much experience with this, when you call and say your car bubbled, once you tell me the size of the bubbles and where they are showing up, I can tell you exactly what the metal was cleaned with, without you telling me.
Just did this last Friday, a body shop called and two weeks after they delivered a car it was brought back, the shop owner told me were the 6 bubbles were and what they looked like and I said the car was cleaned with lacquer thinner.
He said never in this shop and I said its the only thing that can cause this.
Two hours later he called back, hired a new body man, who had never done restorations before and said, "nothing cleans like lacquer thinner" OH was he right, as this will be an expensive redo as lacquer thinner will cause just one bubble per panel or two (rare) at the most.
This must be why bodyshops don't shop at these places to save money????
Just guessing!
The patterns you see are pretty amazing aren't they Barry? Over and over and over and over you see patterns that soon are so clear, it's like you are a warlock or something. :evil: You can see what the guy did in the booth like you were a stalker face up against the booth window the day before. :eek:
They are THAT clear, these patterns are THAT clear guys.
mitmaks, how about a hamburger?
You have a McBland burger.
Then you have a fine burger at one of the specialty places in town.
Both are hamburgers, they even often have the same stuff, bread buns, hamburger meat patty, cheese, lettuce, pickles, onions, etc. look at them, they both have the same ingredients! Yet they taste TOTALLY different, why? The quality of the ingredients is the biggest difference.
Then of course there is likely more right? The kind of cheese, a seasoning here and there, that can make a BIG difference right?
Use the quality products sold by the paint manufacturers who have something to loose if it isn't up to par, and something to gain when it does it's job well.
Brian :thumbup:
Related question,,,
I don't want to high jack the thread...
But can I use the cheap laquer thinner for initial cleaning to remove junk? Then come back once metal is all bare and clean with the good stuff?
The big difference is that with the McBland burger - you know going in what you are gonna get. It is national, it is built to a proven formula. Going to a local "one-off" burger joint is an unknown- it may be great, it may be the most gawdawful thing ever concocted (lets face it - we've ALL experienced that!) The odds favor the multi-million seller being much more consistent. Seems like when you are talking about the humongous cost of painting a car vs the small cost of a burger, your argument seems to favor going to Lowes instead of the small-market brands.
And yes, Brian, I'm just yankin' yer chain! I agree with your views. You are knowledgeable about auto finishing, whereas I am totally clueless - my best work involves a brush - but I couldn't resist the chance to tease ya!
You know the funny part about this, I wrote that from the point of view of a guy who loves food! I savor every bite of my meals, I dine, I don't just eat to consume nutrients, you know what I mean? I believe food is one of the greatest blessings and gifts in our life and I savor it with all my senses. And those specialty burger places, I have NEVER been disappointed.
So that is what I see with the two burgers. To someone who doesn't feel the way I do about food, the person who isn't a food nut finds that McDonalds is a perfectly reliable place to eat where you can get the exact same burger in California as you can in Delaware when you are on vacation. And looking at it from that point of view you are absolutely correct, my analogy says to use the Lowes cleaner! Thanks for pointing that out, that is just too friggin funny.
Ok, let's go back to the cost, do you really want to save $3 a car on wax and grease remover chancing the damage to $800 in materials you are using?
How's that Dave, is that clearer?
Thanks again Dave for pointing that out as you did, damn that put a smile on my face this Monday morning. :thumbup::P
I'm hungry now:D
Well a couple of years ago he was getting some nasty fish-eyes, not all jobs but about 12-16 cars a week (a days output) but we never put it together that it was only happening one day a week until the end.
For almost three months we tried to figure out the problem, tried everything and no good results came.
Well he called me one day and the verdict was every Wed or Thurs he bought the shop KFC for lunch but he was always to busy to set out in the shop to eat with them. One day he did and he watch a helper get done eating and start working on a car, he realized he had not had any fish-eyes this week, so far. He did not say anything and sure as can be the next two paint jobs--fish-eyes.
Funny how we over look the smallest item, when we try and solve a problem.
Everyone now washes up after the KFC1
During that time I was discussion the problems with him and I shared the KFC story and he was amazed that could have such an effect. A couple weeks later, while I was still working on his TBird, he came over an caught me and the family having KFC for dinner and he almost had a heart attack!! HaHa
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text: The Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) is the single regulator for financial services activities in Malta. It regulates and supervises credit and financial institutions, investment, trust and insurance business and also houses the country's Companies Registry. The MFSA issues guidance notes, monitors local and international developments, works with relevant parties on legislative matters, and plays a major role in training. It encourages high standards of compliance and runs a consumer complaints unit.


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Courtesy: www.tomwolf.smugmug.com
Softball Falls to Ohio State and Pittsburgh
Courtesy: Canisius College Athletics
Release: 03/16/2013
Ohio State (16-8) sophomore pitcher Alex DiDomencio picked up the win for the Buckeyes in the first game of the day after she allowed just one hit and fanned three for her second-straight complete-game shutout win of the weekend. In the nightcap, Pittsburgh pitcher Lauren Vinson earned her first career win in the circle after she allowed two runs on three hits to go with two walks.
The Griffs will close out their weekend stay in Fairfax, Va., on Sunday when the team plays host George Mason at 10 a.m.
Game One
DiDomencio led the way for the Buckeyes and Ohio State's offense posted 13 hits en route to the 8-0 win in six innings over Canisius. The Buckeyes jumped out to an early 2-0 lead in the bottom of the first and then added a single run in the fourth inning. Leading 3-0 in the home half of the fifth, Ohio State scored two more times and then closed out the game early thanks to the NCAA softball "mercy rule" with a three-spot in the sixth.
Ohio State junior designated player Leesa Gresham posted her seventh multi-hit game of the season after she went 3-for-4 with two RBIs and a run scored in the winning effort. Canisius' lone hit came from freshman Meghan Cuda, who ended DiDomencio's no-hit bid in the sixth with a one-out base hit to left field.
Sophomore Corrine Schaus took the loss for the Griffs in the circle after she allowed five runs on 10 hits to go with three walks and a strikeout in five innings of work. Freshman Jenn Solis made her first appearance of the season and gave up three runs on three hits while walking two in the sixth inning.
Game Two
The Pittsburgh Panthers (9-10) banged out nine runs on nine hits and starter Lauren Vinson gave up just two runs on three hits to help lead Pitt to a 9-2 win in the second game of the day for the Griffs.
For Pitt, sophomore Carissa Throckmorton went 3-for-3 with a double and a homer and teammate Tori Nirschl had two home runs to lead the charge for the Panthers. Canisius junior Jen Consaul took the loss in the circle to see her record move to 6-3 on the year. Consaul allowed nine runs, seven earned, on nine hits while walking two.
Canisius' only runs of the day came in the top of the sixth as the team trailed 7-0. Senior Stephanie Pfentner drove in a pair of runs with an RBI-double to center that allowed Cuda and sophomore Michelle DelPrince to score. Cuda reached base with a single to left in the frame with one out, extending her hitting streak to four-straight games, and DelPrince reached base in that inning by drawing a one-out walk. For DelPrince, she has now reached base safely in six-straight contests, dating back to March 9, against UMES.


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Williams stops Hughes in 1:55
By Rocco Morales at ringside
Photos: Big Joe Miranda
In the scheduled six round main event of the evening, Terrell Williams (7-0, 6KO) wasted little time in laying the hurt on outgunned challenger, Lawrence Hughes (4-5, 3KO), and stopped him at 1:51 of the very first round. Following a lengthy 15 minute delay to the start of the bout due to Hughes wearing 10 ounce gloves and Williams wearing 8 ounce gloves, Hughes was required to change into 8 ounce gloves while in the ring. When action did finally begin, Terrell Williams acted like he had things to do and people to see and wanted to close the show in a hurry to conclude a marathon like 10 bout card. Williams relied on speed and precision punching to first knock down Hughes and then trap him on the ropes to prompt the referee to stop the bout.
Either out of necessity or laziness, Holly Lawson (5-2-1, 1KO), en route to a split decision victory, fought most of the semi main event, a scheduled six round women's welterweight bout, against Sara Kuhn (5-3-1, 1KO) with her back on the ropes. Kuhn was not able to take advantage and the two fought at close quarters for the entire bout in a sloppy bout. The most eventful part of the bout was between rounds as two sharply dressed dwarf men substituted for the ring card girls and carried the ring cards around to the amusement of the crowd. Lawson managed to huff and puff her way through the fight while Kuhn seemed to sleepwalk her way through the fight. A fight finally broke out, somewhat, in only the sixth and final round but neither fighter appeared seriously hurt in any of the exchanges. Judges Jonathon Davis and Marty Denkin scored the bout in favor Lawson 58-56 with the dissenting judge, Pat Connelly, seeing it 58-56 in favor of Kuhn. FightNews agreed with the majority decisision and also scored the bout 58-56 in favor of Lawson.
In a special attraction that was responsible for drawing many of the fans in attendance to the show, Zachary "Kid Yamaka" Wohlman (4-0-1, 1KO) kept his undefeated record intact by way of a Technical Draw after a headbutt at the end of the third round brought and abrupt end to a competitively fought scheduled four round bout against Montana imported tomato can, Jesus Vallejo (3-8, 3KO). Wohlman actually had all he could handle in Vallejo who was coming on as the bout progressed but the two clashed heads at the end of round three that opened a big gash in the middle of Wohlman's forehead. Vallejo, the loser of his previous seven bouts, five of them by knockout, left the ring a winner in spirit to the disappointment of the multitude of Wohlman fans in attendance.
In other preliminary action, a scheduled four round middleweight contest, Louis "The Unknown" Rose (5-0, 1KO) made himself a little more known after walking through the unwilling Mike Alexander (2-6) who hardly threw a punch. Slow to the trigger referee, Zack Young, was finally convinced to stop the bout after Rose dropped Alexander after about 30 consecutive punches thrown without any punches in return from Alexander. Time of the stoppage was 1:06 of the first round.
David "Thunder" Clark (5-2, 4KO) eked out a close win over the very determined southpaw, Shawn Nichol (6-11, 5KO) by way of unanimous decision victory in a four round bantamweight bout. The two fought evenly through the first 11.5 minutes of their four round (12 minute) bout. That was until Clark dropped Nichol to a knee with a glancing blow that didn't seem to hurt Clark but ended up costing him the fight. All three judges scored the bout 38-37 in favor of Clark.
In a brutal and abrupt ending to a scheduled four round cruiserweight contest, Vyacheslav Shabransky (1-0, 1KO) violently knocked out Brian McGlory (1-1) with a vicious single right cross to the temple that dropped McGlory hard in a neutral corner. Although, Shahbransky was having success with his harder punches and McGlory seemed outgunned from the beginning, few likely expected the bout to end in such dramatic fashion. McGlory was unconscious and seemingly convulsing for a scary couple of minutes as he received medical attention in the ring before finally regaining consciousness and being carried out of the ring on a stretcher. Time of the stoppage was 1:49 of the first round as Shabransky, originally out of Ukraine and now fighting out of Carson, CA, begins his pro career with quite the exclamation point.
In a scheduled four round junior featherweight bout, Erik Ruiz (6-0, 3KO) was much too sharp for the usually more durable Daniel Modad (6-7, 4KO). Ruiz landed his speedy combinations at will before dropping Modad in middle of round one with looping right followed by left hook. Modad rose to beat the count only to then be pummeled further by Ruiz who finished him off Modad with a solid left hook to drop him again. Referee Raul Caiz Jr. did not bother with a count and correctly waived off the bout at 2:13 of the first round. The Robert Garcia trained Ruiz keeps his record perfect while Modad drops below .500 after having won four of his previous five bouts.
Javier Albonica (4-1, 3KO) was too much and showed no mercy to Willie Walton (4-5, 3KO) as he battered him against the ropes until finally the dazed and confused referee, Zack Young, saved Walton from further punishment. At least three knockdowns could have been called in the opening minute of the scheduled four round welterweight bout before the official stoppage as Walton was only being held up by the ropes following punches that would have otherwise floored him. Time of the stoppage was 1:06 of the first round. Fortunately, Walton was able to walk off on his own power despite the excess punishment he took.
Neil Arrellano (2-0) and Andre Ewell (0-3) mostly fought at close quarters for all four rounds of their scheduled four round welterweight contest. Arrellano was able to land the more damaging punches on his southpaw opponent to ensure that each fighter kept their "O." Unfortunately, in Ewell's case, it meant that he stayed winless in his pro career while Arrellano managed to stay unbeaten despite a less than impressive display. All three ringside judges scored the bout 40-36 all in favor of Arrellano.
It was an impressive night of boxing in an actual Hollywood night club complete with go go dancers, dwarves, a capacity crowd and 10 professional fights, including six ending in first round knockouts. Co-promoters for the event were Bash Boxing and Art of Boxing, ring announcer was Jim Fitzgerald and a sold out crowd was in attendance at the venue, Florentine Gardens in Hollywood, CA.


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Dolphin Artists :: T-Rex
T.Rex were an English rock band fronted by guitarist, singer and songwriter Marc Bolan. Formed as Tyrannosaurus Rex in 1960s London, the folk rock group's debut album My People Were Fair and Had Sky in Their Hair... But Now They're Content to Wear Stars on Their Brows (1968) which reached number 15 in the UK. In the 1970s, they achieved mainstream success as a glam rock band with hits such as "Hot Love", "Get It On", "Telegram Sam" and "Metal Guru". Read more on Last.fm more
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Bienvenue, McGranite State visitors; officials mull naming rights to welcome centers
By PAUL FEELY
New Hampshire Union Leader | October 26. 2013 9:58PM
It may sound funny, but it's not far-fetched, according to a program to sell naming rights to roughly a dozen welcome and information centers the state hopes to have operating by January.
In 2013, state legislators looked at the merits of establishing a committee to weigh the merits of selling naming rights for these structures.
"Other states are just beginning to dip their toes into the pool when it comes to ideas like this," said McGuire.
McGuire's bill, HB 534, would have allowed the DOT commissioner to "issue a request for proposals (RFP) to sell naming rights for a particular structure, including but not limited to bridges, overpasses, and exits, to the highest bidder." The Legislature's website lists the bill's status as "Retained in Committee." All bills retained in committee for action shall be acted on during the second-year of session unless the House of Representatives suspends the rules.
"We are open to any kind of innovative financing initiatives to meet our funding challenges that would help address New Hampshire's transportation needs," Boynton wrote.
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Arsenal Football Club is delighted to announce that Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain has joined the Gunners on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee.
Oxlade-Chamberlain, 17, joins Arsenal from Championship side Southampton, where he made 44 first-team appearances during his long association with the south coast club.
Joining the Southampton Academy at the age of seven, Alex quickly excelled through the ranks of the club's successful youth set-up, making his first team debut in March 2010 at the age of just 16 years and 199 days. In doing so, Alex became the second youngest ever appearance maker for Southampton after Theo Walcott.
A quick, attacking player, Oxlade-Chamberlain played an integral role in Southampton's promotion campaign from League One in 2010/11, making 41 appearances and scoring 10 goals in the season. His impressive performances earned him a place in the PFA League One Team of the Year 2010/2011, voted by his fellow professionals.
Alex, who can operate on either wing or as an attacking central midfielder, has also represented England at Under-18, Under-19 and Under-21 levels.
After sealing the deal to bring the young prospect to Emirates Stadium, Arsène Wenger said: "We are delighted that Alex has decided to join us.
"He is an exciting young player who will provide us with creativity and offensive quality. Alex is a versatile player who can play in a number of positions. He can play as an attacking centre midfielder, or wide left and right.
"Alex is a perceptive passer of the ball and has a great understanding of the game and looks to be a very good team player."
Wenger continued: "Alex has done extremely well during his development with Southampton and we are looking forward to him progressing even further and fulfilling his huge potential with Arsenal Football Club."
Oxlade-Chamberlain, who celebrates his 18th birthday next Monday, said: "I'm so excited to be joining Arsenal. It's a fantastic club and I'm really looking forward to the opportunity of playing football at the highest level.
"Arsenal have a great manager in Arsène Wenger, top quality players and an attractive style of play. These were all important factors in me choosing to sign for Arsenal.
"I'm proud to be joining Arsenal, but I would also like to take this opportunity to thank everyone at Southampton for their help and support during the early part of my career, for which I will always be grateful."
Alex concluded: "I'm now looking forward to meeting all my new team mates and giving absolutely everything in an Arsenal shirt."
Alex will go into the Arsenal first-team squad and immediately start training at London Colney in readiness for the start of the new season.Copyright 2017 The Arsenal Football Club plc. Permission to use quotations from this article is granted subject to appropriate credit being given to www.arsenal.com as the source


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:? How far away will Drones fly from their parent hive to find a hive raising a queens. :?
:? Are drones allowed a free pass and are invited into all the hives raising a queens or queen right or queen less :?
Bjornbee; you stated earlier in this thread that it has been established that a queen will not mate with a drone from her own hive, in other words, one of her offspring. Where did you get this info? Please provide references. :-D
deknow,Thank you for the efforts and acknowledgment on queen breeding in and around the apiary.
1) You do realize you state that virgin queens was not factor in drones hanging out in hives (if I read your comments correctly on post 20) but you present information (froma book?) that is contrary to that statement.
2) I do not agree that the first indication of inbreeding is a spotty pattern of diploid drones, as indicated in your last post.
inbreeding becomes apparent first as an abundance of diploid drones, which present to the beekeeper as "spotty brood"
Inbreeding can cause diploid drones. But the first indication of inbreeding is the spotty egg pattern as a result of the nurse bees removing the inbred (diploid eggs) eggs after detecting them.
Because of this situation where the bees may be removing 10-20% or some other percentage of eggs, you get a spotty pattern if the queen does not go back and lay eggs in the cleaned out cells. But this spotty pattern is of worker brood, void of the diploid eggs (or any drones) after being removed by nurse bees.
If you see a spotty pattern of only drones, you usually have a situation of a bad queen laying infertile eggs, which may have nothing to do with inbreeding.
Work on larvae from 'lethal' eggs of inbred honeybee queens (Apis mełli/era) hasbeen eontinued. It was shown (1962) that of the eggs laid in worker eelIs by sibling-matedqueens produeing brood of low survival rate, a11hateh, but 50% of the larvae disappearfrom the eelIs within a few hours of hatehing.
http://jerzy_woyke.users.sggw.pl/1963_rearviabdipldr.pdfQuoteWork on larvae from 'lethal' eggs of inbred honeybee queens (Apis mełli/era) hasbeen eontinued. It was shown (1962) that of the eggs laid in worker eelIs by sibling-matedqueens produeing brood of low survival rate, a11hateh, but 50% of the larvae disappearfrom the eelIs within a few hours of hatehing.[...later in the paper, the claim is that in a colony, most diploid drone larvae are removed 9 hours after hatching.deknow
I read in ABJ about 2 years ago it is not uncommon to find drones up to 35 miles away from the parent hive in a hive raising a raising a queen(s) :? as this a fact or a myth :? BEE HAPPY Jim 134 :)
I do think bees in a otherwise normal functioning hive, can detect inbred eggs sooner than waiting for them to further develop and waste resources. Many sites state the nurse bees detect and clean out "embryos" such as this one.
Something tells me with all the amazing things bees do, and from what I can observe myself, that bees do clean out inbred eggs. To think they need to wait for a certain stage of development seems a bit wasteful in nature's scheme of things.
Just for the record, I assume the one thing you disagree with is the queen recognizing her own drones. Is this correct?
a queen can determine her own drones in the mating process.
It has already been established that a queen recognizes her own drones and will reject her drones for mating.
* Drones congregate in hives that are raising queens. They are allowed a free pass and are invited into the hives.
Maybe 35 miles after a tornado. How far can a drone fly without eating? Look at where he gets his food.
Would greatly appreciate recommendations of which books to start with.
What can beekeepers raising their own queens do to prevent inbreeding?So far I've gathered that breeding a lot of queens from a few queens saturates the gene pool in the yard for next year. Open mating is the most desirable.How often is it necessary to bring in new queens to maintain diversity?If beekeepers are maintaining distinct lines of bees, how often is it necessary to cross them back to the wider gene pool? If you're doing open mating is this necessary at all?Is it possible to develop a local breed with distinct traits by matrilineal selection?In the wild, bee colonies move by swarming, which would bring them into the range of a new selection of drones, little by little. I wonder how important this is for the natural methods of avoiding inbreeding.


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text: Sarah,Go for it!For many years my wife and I talked about "Someday". "Someday" we would move out of the city. "Someday" we would live in a log cabin. "Someday" when we could afford it, "Someday" this and "Someday" that. Then my dear wife was diagnosed with breast cancer and went thru the entire poison/slash/burn regimen only to have a reoccurance within a year and have to go thru it all again. Once she recovered we eliminated the "someday" mentality. We live back in the woods in a log cabin, have horses and dogs and bees and a multitude of barn cats. The house is a mess, the desk is piled with paperwork, there are ruts in the driveway and we sit serenely sipping cinnamon-orange tea. Cherish each day, pursue your dreams, and live life. The dishes can wait.


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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
Views: 34
I think this is a great idea! You could read about the zine on your blog and then quickly link to a distro (since so many are online) and pick it up!
I read zine review blogs, and would read others, providing they review the sort of zines I'm interested in.
I review zines on my blog too, but I've decided to only review a handful a month rather than every zine I read. That way I don't feel pressured to review everything and it doesn't take up too much time, but I still have the chance to shout out about those zines I have strong opinions on. I know I probably won't get the readership of a blog that only reviews zines and reviews a lot, but I enjoy it and that's what counts!


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Degree or Program Details
This major provides a basic understanding of the criminal justice system and its components. Students additionally complete a number of advanced criminal justice electives selected to address their individual interests and professional goals.
For department information or additional degree requirements, click here
|Total Credits Required for Degree
|Liberal Studies
|Health Promotion Requirements
|Required Courses in Major
|Criminal Justice Core
|CJ 220 The Corrections Functions (4 cr.)
|Criminal Justice Electives*
|Choose from the following. At least 16 credits must be at the 300 level or above.
|CJ 227 Correctional Institutions (4 cr.)
|CJ 280 Criminal Law (4 cr.)
|CJ 360 Case Studies in Crime (4 cr.)
|CJ 420 Forensic Psychology (4 cr.)
|CJ 440 Discretionary Justice (4 cr.)
|CJ 454 Wildlife Crime (4 cr.)
|CJ 480 Cybercrime (4 cr.)
|CJ 495 Special Topics in Criminal Justice ** (1-4 cr.)
|CJ 497 Teaching/Research Apprenticeship *** (1-4 cr.)
|CJ 498 Directed Study *** (1-4 cr.)
*Other approved CJ course work (e.g., transfer credit or newly approved CJ courses) at the 200-400 level (except CJ 491 Internship), not listed, may be used to satisfy the requirements in the CJ elective area. CJ 491 Internship will count in the general electives area.
**No more than 8 credits of CJ 495 may be counted toward the major.
***No more than 4 credits of CJ 497 and/or CJ 498 may be counted toward the criminal justice major.
1. This degree requires an overall 2.0 GPA.
2. All criminal justice courses used in the major require a minimum grade of "C".
3. CJ 191, CJ 298 and CJ 299 do not apply toward the bachelor's degree program.