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RPi Low-level peripherals - eLinux.
26/12/12 13:22
RPi Low-level peripherals
From eLinux.org
1 Introduction 2 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) 2.1 Referring to pins on the Expansion header 2.2 Power pins 2.3 GPIO hardware hacking 2.4 P2 header 2.5 P3 header 2.6 P5 header 2.7 P6 header 2.8 Driver support 2.9 Graphical User Interfaces 2.9.1 WebIOPi 3 GPIO Code examples 3.1 GPIO Driving Example (C) 3.2 GPIO Pull Up/Pull Down Register Example 3.3 GPIO Driving Example (Python) 3.4 GPIO Driving Example (Java using the Pi4J Library) 3.5 GPIO Driving Example (Java) 3.6 GPIO Driving Example (Java Webapp GPIO web control via http) 3.7 GPIO Driving Example (Bash shell script, using sysfs, part of the raspbian operating system) 3.8 GPIO Driving Example (Shell script - take 2) 3.9 GPIO Driving Example (C) 3.10 GPIO Driving Example (Perl) 3.11 GPIO Driving Example (C#) 3.12 GPIO Driving Example (Ruby) 3.13 GPIO Driving Example (BASIC) 4 MIPI CSI-2 5 DSI 6 CEC 7 References
Back to the Hub. Hardware & Peripherals:
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RPi Low-level peripherals - eLinux.org
26/12/12 13:22
Hardware and Hardware History. Low-level Peripherals and Expansion Boards. Screens, Cases and Other Peripherals.
In addition to the familiar USB, Ethernet and HDMI ports, the R-Pi offers lower-level interfaces intended to connect more directly with chips and subsystem modules. These GPIO (general purpose I/O) signals on the 2x13 header pins include SPI, I2C, serial UART, 3V3 and 5V power. These interfaces are not "plug and play" and require care to avoid miswiring. The pins use a 3V3 logic level and are not tolerant of 5V levels, such as you might find on a 5V powered Arduino. Not yet software-enabled are the flex cable connectors with CSI (camera serial interface) and DSI (display serial interface), and a serial link inside the HDMI connector called CEC. (consumer electronics control)
General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
General Purpose Input/Output (a.k.a. GPIO) is a generic pin on a chip whose behavior (including whether it is an input or output pin) can be controlled (programmed) through software. The Raspberry Pi allows peripherals and expansion boards (such as the Rpi Gertboard) to access the CPU by exposing the inputs and outputs. For further general information about GPIOs, see:the wikipedia article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPIO) . For further specific information about the Raspberry Pi's BCM2835 GPIOs, see:this wikipedia article (http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs) . The production Raspberry Pi board has a 26-pin 2.54 mm (100 mil)[1] expansion header, marked as P1, arranged in a 2x13 strip. They provide 8 GPIO pins plus access to I²C, SPI, UART), as well as +3.3 V, +5 V and GND supply lines. Pin one is the pin in the first column and on the bottom row. [2] GPIO voltage levels are 3.3 V and are not 5 V tolerant. There is no over-voltage protection on the board - the intention is that people interested in serious interfacing will use an external board with buffers, level conversion and analog I/O rather than soldering directly onto the main board. All the GPIO pins can be reconfigured to provide alternate functions, SPI, PWM (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation) , I²C and so. At reset only pins GPIO 14 & 15 are assigned to the alternate function UART, these two can be switched back to GPIO to provide a total of 17 GPIO pins[3]. Each of their functions and full details of how to access are detailed in the chipset datasheet
Each GPIO can interrupt, high/low/rise/fall/change.[5][6] There is currently no support for GPIO interrupts in the official kernel, howewer a patch exists, requiring compilation of modified source tree.[7] The 'Raspbian
http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 2 de 21
P1-20:GND. GPIO input hysteresis (Schmitt trigger) can be on or off. for some alternative functions not all the necessary pins are available for the funtionality to be actually used.org 26/12/12 13:22 "wheezy"' [8] version that is currently recommended for starters already includes GPIO interrupts. Particular attention should be applied to the note regarding SSO (Simultaneous Switching Outputs): to avoid interference. SDA1 [BCM2835/GPIO2] is routed to P1 pin 3. There is also some information on the Tutorial on Easy GPIO Hardware & Software. Kernel boot messages go to the UART at 115200 bit/s.raspberrypi.scribd.org/archives/2233) ) the P1 pinout is not expected to change in future beyond the current Rev. P1-14:GND. P1-17:+3V3. top row: http://elinux. Also the power and ground connections previously marked "Do Not Connect" on P1 will remain as connected. The available alternative functions and their corresponding pins are detailed below. specifically: P1-04:+5V0. R-Pi PCB Revision 2 UPDATE: According to Eben at [1] (http://www. GPIO_GEN2 [BCM2835/GPIO27] is routed to P1 pin 13. See GPIO Datasheet Addendum . According to this comment [2] (http://www. P125:GND. not per pin. P1-09:GND.2 layout. Note that chipset GPIO pins 0-27 are in the same block and these properties are set per block. On Rev2.raspberrypi. These numbers are in reference to the chipset documentation and may not match the numbers exposed in Linux.org/archives/2081#comment-33577) (and confirmed in this post [3] (http://www.GPIO Pads Control (http://www.org/archives/1929#comment-31646) the R-Pi Rev. output slew rate can be fast or limited. Only fully usable functions are detailed.raspberrypi.RPi Low-level peripherals . and changes some of the existing P1 GPIO pinouts. driving currents should be kept as low as possible.eLinux.com/doc/101830961/GPIO-Pads-Control2) . and changes what was SCL0/SDA0 to SCL1/SDA1: SCL1 [BCM2835/GPIO3] is routed to P1 pin 5. Header Pinout. and source and sink current is configurable from 2 mA up to 16 mA.2 board being rolled out starting in September 2012 adds 4 more GPIO on a new connector called P5.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 3 de 21 .
com/site/burngatehouse/home Pin Pin Name Number Rev1 P1-02 P1-04 P1-06 P1-08 P1-10 P1-12 P1-14 P1-16 P1-18 P1-20 P1-22 P1-24 P1-26 5V0 5V0 GND GPIO 14 GPIO 15 GPIO 18 GND GPIO23 GPIO24 GND GPIO25 GPIO08 GPIO07 Pin Name Rev2 5V0 5V0 GND GPIO 14 GPIO 15 GPIO 18 GND GPIO23 GPIO24 GND GPIO25 GPIO08 GPIO07 Hardware Notes Supply through input poly fuse Supply through input poly fuse Boot to Alt 0 -> Boot to Alt 0 -> Alt 0 Function Other Alternative Functions UART0_TXD UART0_RXD ALT5 = UART1_TXD ALT5 = UART1_RXD ALT4 SPI1_CE0_N ALT5 = PWM0 ALT3 = SD1_CMD ALT4 = ARM_RTCK ALT3 = SD1_DATA0 ALT4 = ARM_TDO ALT4 = ARM_TCK SPI0_CE0_N SPI0_CE1_N Header Pinout.org 26/12/12 13:22 The layout of the Raspberry Pi Revision 1 P1 pin-header seen from the top. containing pins useable for general purpose I/O. bottom row: Pin Number Pin Name Rev1 Pin Name Rev2 Hardware Notes Alt 0 Function Other Alternative Functions http://elinux.google. Colour coded to the table.eLinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 4 de 21 .RPi Low-level peripherals . Source (https://sites.
3 V GPIO10 GPIO9 GPIO11 GND 50 mA max (01 & 17) SPI0_MOSI SPI0_MISO SPI0_SCLK Colour legend +5 V +3. ALT5 = UART1_RTS PCM_DIN ALT5 = GPCLK1 ALT3 = SD1_CLK ALT4 = ARM_TRST P1-03 P1-05 P1-07 P1-09 P1-11 P1-13 P1-15 P1-17 P1-19 P1-21 P1-23 P1-25 GPIO 0 GPIO 1 GPIO 4 GND GPIO17 GPIO21 GPIO22 3. It is also possible to reconfigure GPIO connector pins P1-7.3 V 50 mA max (01 & 17) 1K8 pull up resistor 1K8 pull up resistor I2C0_SDA I2C0_SCL I2C0_SDA / I2C1_SDA I2C0_SCL / I2C1_SCL GPCLK0 ALT3 = UART0_RTS. 16. 22 (chipset GPIOs 4 and 22 to 25) to provide an ARM JTAG interface.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 5 de 21 . So there are 1.RPi Low-level peripherals .3 V GPIO10 GPIO9 GPIO11 GND GPIO 2 GPIO 3 GPIO 4 GND GPIO17 GPIO27 GPIO22 3.[11] However ARM_TMS isn't available on the GPIO connector (chipset http://elinux. 15.3 V 3.eLinux.lib [9] Pin 3 (SDA0) and Pin 5 (SCL0) are preset to be used as an I²C interface.[10] Pin 12 supports PWM (http://en.org 26/12/12 13:22 P1-01 3.wikipedia. 18. 0V UART GPIO SPI I²C KiCad symbol: File:Conn-raspberry.3 V Ground.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation) .8 kilohm pulls up resistors on the board for these pins.
18. it's a good idea to strip short pieces of insulation off a wire and push them over the 5 V pins so you don't accidentally short them with a probe. such as "SPI0_*" and "SPI1_*". Chipset pin 27 is available on S5. 21. Maximum permitted current draw from the 5 V pin is the USB input current (usually 1 A) minus any current draw from the rest of the board. etc. 11. Names GPIO0. the following naming is highly recommended.700 mA -> max current draw: 300 mA Be very careful with the 5 V pins P1-02 and P1-04. Instead of using "SDA0" and "SCL0".RPi Low-level peripherals . 25 (on the Revision2. For example. and "GPIO7-ALT0" would refer to a specific cell of the table. The expansion header is referred to as "Expansion Header" or "GPIO Connector (P1)" Pins on the GPIO connector (P1) are referred to as P1-01. To avoid nomenclature confusion between Broadcom signal names on the SoC and pin names on the expansion header. you should modify the Broadcom name slightly to minimize confusion. A second I²C interface (GPIO02_ALT0 is SDA1 and GPIO03_ALT0 is SCL1) and two further GPIOs (GPIO05_ALT0 is GPCLK1. Before probing P1. 23. GPIO hardware hacking The complete list of chipset GPIO pins which are available on the GPIO connector is: 0. Referring to pins on the Expansion header The header is referred to as "The GPIO Connector (P1)". 24.0 RaspberryPis. http://elinux. 7.[13] However. 8. and GPIO27) are available on S5.[14] Model A: 1000 mA . 4. The Broadcom SPI bus pin names are fine. GPIO1. 25. 23.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 6 de 21 . 14. 22. but they didn't do the same on the I²C and UART pins. 15.eLinux. 14. because if you short 5 V to any other P1 pin you may permanently damage your RasPi. It is also possible to reconfigure GPIO connector pins P1-12 and 13 (chipset GPIO 18 and 21) to provide an I2S (a hardware modification may be required[12]) or PCM interface. When refering to signal names. depending on what you are describing. Power pins The maximum permitted current draw from the 3. 7. 4. 8. use either "GPIO7" to refer to a row of the table.org 26/12/12 13:22 pin 12 or 27 is needed). 24. GPIOx-ALTy. 22. this list changes to: 2. 1. and instead of "TX" or "TXD" and "RX" or "RXD". 15.3 V pins is 50 mA. 17. PCM_FS and PCM_DIN (chipset pins 19 and 20) are needed for I2S or PCM. you should use "I2C0_SDA" and "I2C0_SCL". 10. 17.500 mA -> max current draw: 500 mA Model B: 1000 mA . the CSI camera interface. 9. 10. 11. 9. refer to the signal names on the SoC as enumerated in the Broadcom datasheet. etc. 3. where "x" matches BCM2835 number (without leading zero) and "y" is the alternate number column 0 to 5 on page 102-103 of the Broadcom document. the CSI camera interface however. 18. you should use "UART0_TXD" and "UART0_RXD".
is the LAN9512 JTAG [16]. There are a few other chipset GPIO pins accessible on the PCB but are in use: GPIO16 drives status LED D5 (usually SD card access indicator) GPIO28-31 are used by the board ID and are connected to resistors R3 to R10. GPIO00 and 01 (SDA0 and SCL0) have 1. with varying levels of software and hardware (soldering iron) hackery skills: GPIO02.3 V. GPIO46 is HDMI hotplug detect (goes to pin 6 of IC1). If 17 GPIOs aren't sufficient for your project. GPIO47 is connected to the SD card interface card detect switch. 50 mA max current draw across both of them) Pin 7 . Useful P2 pins: Pin 1 . GPIO40 and 45 are used by analogue audio and support PWM (http://en. GPIO47 is SD card detect (this would seem to be a good candidate for re-use).RPi Low-level peripherals . In particular.org/wiki/Pulsewidth_modulation) . unpopulated. This connector is unpopulated in Rev 2. it is in use for the Ethernet function.eLinux. It cannot be used as the ARM JTAG [15].3.GND Pin 8 . Pin 1 .GPIO30 http://elinux.3V (same as P1-01.GPIO29 Pin 5 . CAM_CLK and CAM_GPIO respectively.5V Pin 2 .0 PCB design. 03. GPIO47 to 53 are used by the SD card interface. and are configured by default to provide the functions SDA1.0 boards.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 7 de 21 . GPIO48 to 53 are connected to the SD card interface via resistors R45 to R50.org 26/12/12 13:22 27) As noted above. SDA1 and SCL1 have 1K6 pull-up resistors to 3.3 V. They connect to the analogue audio circuitry via R21 and R27 respectively.3V3 Pin 3 . P2 header The P2 header is the VideoCore JTAG and used only during the production of the board. P5 header The P5 header was added with the release of the Revision 2. SCL1. On Model B.wikipedia.8 kilohm pull-up resistors to 3.GND P3 header The P3 header. there are a few other signals potentially available. GPIO06 is LAN_RUN and is available on pad 12 of the footprint for IC3 on the Model A.GPIO28 Pin 4 . 05 and 27 are available on S5 (the CSI interface) when a camera peripheral is not connected to that socket.
0 PCB design. so that for those who put the connector on the top side. The I²C and SPI driver uses the hardware modules of the microcontroller and interrupts for low CPU usage.net/raspberry-pi/wiringpi/) in C for controlling the GPIO pins. etc. which results in higher CPU usage. but Python version serves HTTP itself.doc Graphical User Interfaces WebIOPi WebIOPi (http://code.org 26/12/12 13:22 Pin 6 . it was already included in the latest raspbian image.GND Pin 8 . standard Linux GPIO drivers should work with minimal modification.eLinux. with which the Pi can be reset. You can setup each GPIO as input or output and change their states (LOW/HIGH).[17] The community implemented SPI and I²C drivers [18]. WebIOPi is fully customizable. the pin numbers are swapped.robotelectronics. If you need some computing for your GPIO go to code examples below.GPIO31 Pin 7 . A useful tutorial on setting up I²C driver support can be found at Robot Electronics (http://www.look for the downloadable document rpi_i2c_setup.com/p/webiopi/) allows you to control each GPIO with a simple web interface that you can use with any browser.htm) . (On Oct.RPi Low-level peripherals . 14 2012. GPIO Code examples http://elinux.GND Note that the connector is intended to be mounted on the bottom of the PCB.) A first compiled version as Linux modules is available to install on the 19/04/2012 Debian image.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 8 de 21 . Momentarily shorting the two pins of P6 together will cause a soft reset of the CPU.uk/htm/raspberry_pi_examples.tv/2012/making-a-reset-switch-for-your-rev-2raspberry-pi) . UART/SPI/I2C support will be added later.drogon. pin 3 and 4. they both require root access. P6 header The P6 header was added with the release of the Revision 2. the 1-wire support uses bitbanging on the GPIO ports. It also work over Internet. so you can use it for home remote control. Available in PHP and Python. including 1-wire support[19]. Pin 1 and pin 2 are swapped. which will be integrated with the new Linux pinctrl concept in a later version of the kernel.co.google. A reset button can be attached to the P6 header (http://raspi. Driver support The Foundation will not include a GPIO driver in the initial release. GordonH[20] wrote a (mostly) Arduino compatible/style WiringPi library (https://projects. Note that the connector is placed JUST off-grid with respect to the P1 connector.
org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 9 de 21 .org 26/12/12 13:22 GPIO Driving Example (C) Gert van Loo & Dom. has provided (http://www. * http://elinux.a) *(gpio+(((g)/10))) |= (((a)<=3?(a)+4:(a)==4?3:2)<<(((g)%10)*3)) #define GPIO_SET *(gpio+7) // sets bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0 #define GPIO_CLR *(gpio+10) // clears bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0 void setup_io().) Example GPIO code: // // // // // // How to access GPIO registers from C-code on the Raspberry-Pi Example program 15-January-2012 Dom and Gert // Access from ARM Running Linux #define BCM2708_PERI_BASE #define GPIO_BASE 0x20000000 (BCM2708_PERI_BASE + 0x200000) /* GPIO controller */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include <stdio.h> <string. // Set up gpi pointer for direct register access setup_io(). // I/O access volatile unsigned *gpio.h> <assert.h> #define PAGE_SIZE (4*1024) #define BLOCK_SIZE (4*1024) int mem_fd. // GPIO #define #define #define setup macros. char **argv) { int g.h> <dirent.eLinux. // Switch GPIO 7. *gpio_map.raspberrypi.org/forum/educationalapplications/gertboard/page-4/#p31555) some tested code which accesses the GPIO pins through direct GPIO register manipulation in C-code. *spi0_map.h> <sys/stat.y) INP_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) &= ~(7<<(((g)%10)*3)) OUT_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) |= (1<<(((g)%10)*3)) SET_GPIO_ALT(g..h> <fcntl.h> <sys/types.RPi Low-level peripherals .h> <stdlib.h> #include <unistd. char *spi0_mem.h> <sys/mman. (Thanks to Dom for doing the difficult work of finding and testing the mapping.rep. Always use INP_GPIO(x) before using OUT_GPIO(x) or SET_GPIO_ALT(x.11 to output mode /************************************************************************\ * You are about to change the GPIO settings of your computer. int main(int argc. char *gpio_mem.
org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 10 de 21 . GPIO_BASE ). g++) { GPIO_CLR = 1<<g. O_RDWR|O_SYNC) ) < 0) { printf("can't open /dev/mem \n"). BLOCK_SIZE. // must use INP_GPIO before we can use OUT_GPIO OUT_GPIO(g). rep<10. } for (g=7. if ((long)gpio_map < 0) { printf("mmap error %d\n".eLinux. sleep(1). } // Make sure pointer is on 4K boundary if ((unsigned long)gpio_mem % PAGE_SIZE) gpio_mem += PAGE_SIZE . sleep(1). (int)gpio_map). } // main // // Set up a memory regions to access GPIO // void setup_io() { /* open /dev/mem */ if ((mem_fd = open("/dev/mem". } /* mmap GPIO */ // Allocate MAP block if ((gpio_mem = malloc(BLOCK_SIZE + (PAGE_SIZE-1))) == NULL) { printf("allocation error \n"). g++) { GPIO_SET = 1<<g. rep++) { for (g=7. exit (-1). PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE. g<=11. g++) { INP_GPIO(g). g<=11. } // Always use volatile pointer! http://elinux. // Now map it gpio_map = (unsigned char *)mmap( (caddr_t)gpio_mem.RPi Low-level peripherals . exit (-1). g<=11. } for (rep=0.org 26/12/12 13:22 * Mess this up and it will stop working! * * It might be a good idea to 'sync' before running this program * * so at least you still have your code changes written to the SD-card! * \************************************************************************/ // Set GPIO pins 7-11 to output for (g=7. mem_fd. } } return 0.((unsigned long)gpio_mem % PAGE_SIZE). exit (-1). MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED.
Please see the usage documentation for more details: http://pi4j. } // setup_io GPIO Pull Up/Pull Down Register Example // enable pull-up on GPIO24&25 GPIO_PULL = 2. GPIO. (Any Java application that controls GPIO must be run as root.GPIO Any Python script that controls GPIO must be run as root. GPIO_PULL = 0. short_wait().org/pypi/RPi.python.setup(18..nn numbers GPIO.pi4j.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 11 de 21 . GPIO Driving Example (Python) This uses the Python module available at http://pypi.input(17) GPIO.IN) GPIO. True) GPIO Driving Example (Java using the Pi4J Library) This uses the Java library available at http://www.setup(17. GPIO_PULLCLK0 = 0. http://elinux.one input and one output GPIO. GPIO.) Please note that the Pi4J library uses the WiringPi GPIO pin numbering scheme [21] [22].com/.setmode(GPIO. import RPi. // clock on GPIO 24 & 25 (bit 24 & 25 set) GPIO_PULLCLK0 = 0x03000000.OUT) input_value = GPIO. GPIO.output(12.eLinux.setup(12. short_wait(). True) # The same script as above but using BCM GPIO 00.setup(11.RPi Low-level peripherals .input(11) # Output to pin 12 GPIO.IN) GPIO.org 26/12/12 13:22 gpio = (volatile unsigned *)gpio_map.html public static void main(String[] args) { // create gpio controller GpioController gpio = GpioFactory.getInstance().GPIO as GPIO # Set up the GPIO channels .com/usage. GPIO.output(18.OUT) # Input from pin 11 input_value = GPIO.BCM) GPIO.
PinPullResista // get input state from pin 2 boolean input_value = inputPin.RPi Low-level peripherals .setValue(true). "MyButton". } More complete and detailed examples are included on the Pi4J website at http://www. It does not depend on (or use) the wiringPi driver.com/.org/sbub/raspberry-pi-gpio-web-control/overview. led.GPIO_02. but uses the same numbering scheme.com/jkransen/framboos. host:~ sb$ curl 'http://raspberrypi:8080/handle?g0=1&g1=0' {"g1":0.close(). boolean isButtonPressed = button. PinState. "MyLED"."g0":1} http://elinux.low().LOW). The Pi4J library includes support for: GPIO Control GPIO Listeners Serial Communication I2C Communication SPI Communication GPIO Driving Example (Java) This uses the Java library available at https://github. led.provisionDigitalOutputPin(RaspiPin. Instead it uses the default driver under /sys/class/gpio that ships with the distro. } GPIO Driving Example (Java Webapp GPIO web control via http) This uses the Java Webapp available at https://bitbucket.getValue(). so it works out of the box. led. // writing to an out pin OutPin led = new Outpin(0). Any Java application that controls GPIO must be run as root.high(). public static void main(String[] args) { // reading from an in pin InPin button = new InPin(8).provisionDigitalInputPin(RaspiPin. // turn output to HIGH/ON state outputPin. You can control your GPIO over the internet. // provision gpio pin #02 as an input pin with its internal pull down resistor enabled GpioPinDigitalInput inputPin = gpio. button.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 12 de 21 .eLinux. // turn output to LOW/OFF state outputPin.org 26/12/12 13:22 // provision gpio pin #01 as an output pin and turn off GpioPinDigitalOutput outputPin = gpio.GPIO_01. Any Java application that controls GPIO must be run as root.isHigh().setValue(false).pi4j.close().
Likewise if you want to activate GPIO0 on the header you should be using GPIO17 here. # Set up GPIO 4 and set to output echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/export echo "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio4/direction # Set up GPIO 7 and set to input echo "7" > /sys/class/gpio/export echo "in" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio7/direction # Write output echo "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio4/value # Read from input cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio7/value # Clean up echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport echo "7" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport GPIO Driving Example (Shell script . subsystem. using only packages provided in the recommended rasbian distribution. it is possible to allow users other than root. it is possible for Python CGI scripts. 11. sudo -i Export creates a new folder for the exported pin. By such means. and creates files for each of its control functions (i. 18. to also write inputs to the control files. or you might add write permission. Changes to the file's ownership or permissions must initially be done as root. 17. So. 15. http://elinux. which are typically run as user nobody. once created. Upon creation. direction. to be used for control of the GPIO over the internet from a browser at a remote location.eLinux. 7. the word exit must be entered. part of the raspbian operating system) The export and unexport of pins must be done as root. Nevertheless. 22. To change to the root user see below: To change back. if you want to activate GPIO7 on the header you should be using GPIO4 in this script. 14. edge. Once installed. but can only be written to by user root. the file's owner. 25 # # # # # Note that the GPIO numbers that you program here refer to the pins of the BCM2835 and *not* the numbers on the pin header.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 13 de 21 .RPi Low-level peripherals . and change the group ownership to one of which the user controlling the GPIO is a member. 24.e. power. as their owner and group is set to root upon creation.net/raspberry-pi/wiringpi/download-and-install/.drogon.take 2) You need the wiringPi library from https://projects. uevent. 1. 8. 4. 21. 10. Typically you might change the owner to be the (non root) user controlling the GPIO.org 26/12/12 13:22 GPIO Driving Example (Bash shell script. the control files can be read by all users (not just root). there is a new command gpio which can be used as a non-root user to control the GPIO pins. by changing the ownership or permissions of these files. 9. and value). active_low. #!/bin/sh # GPIO numbers should be from this list # 0. 23. using sysfs.
(If that's what you were after . even setting a pin that's already set as an input to an input will remove the pull-up/pull-down resistors. but briefly: gpio -g mode 17 out gpio -g mode 18 pwm gpio -g write 17 1 gpio -g pwm 18 512 The -g flag tells the gpio program to use the BCM GPIO pin numbering scheme (otherwise it will use the wiringPi numbering scheme by default). or call the gpio program from inside Python).however any change of mode. so they may need to be reset. etc.eLinux. gpio export 17 out gpio export 18 in These exports GPIO-17 and sets it to output.org 26/12/12 13:22 The man page man gpio has full details.g.RPi Low-level peripherals .) http://elinux.for example. programs without the use of an external resistor to pull the pin high. Python scripts. Java. And when done: gpio unexport 17 The export/unexport commands always use the BCM GPIO pin numbers regardless of the presence of the -g flag or not.Setup() in the Python scripts. If you want to use the internal pull-up/down's with the /sys/class/gpio mechanisms.e. it can export/un-export the GPIO devices for use by other non-root programms . Additionally. The gpio command can also control the internal pull-up and pull-down resistors: gpio -g mode 17 up This sets the pull-up resistor .org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 14 de 21 . So: gpio -g export 4 in gpio -g mode 4 up You can then use GPIO-4 as an input in your Python. and do the setup separately in a little shell script. Shell. and exports GPIO-18 and sets it to input. (Although you may need to drop the calls to GPIO. then you can set them after exporting them. a simple push button switch taking the pin to ground.
if (!bcm2835_init()) return 1./src/bcm2835.c Example program for bcm2835 library Blinks a pin on an off every 0.c -l bcm2835 sudo . // turn it off bcm2835_gpio_write(PIN. BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_OUTP).open. which supports GPIO and SPI interfaces.. you can build this with something like: gcc -o blink -l rt blink./.. HIGH)./blink Author: Mike McCauley (firstname.lastname@example.com. // wait a bit delay(500). char **argv) { // If you call this.5 secs After installing bcm2835..h> // Blinks on RPi pin GPIO 11 #define PIN RPI_GPIO_P1_11 int main(int argc. Details and downloads from http://www.drogon. it will not actually access the GPIO // Use for testing // bcm2835_set_debug(1)./blink Or you can test it before installing with: gcc -o blink -l rt -I . } http://elinux. // wait a bit delay(500).au/mikem/bcm2835 // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // blink. To change to the root user: sudo -i You must also get and install the bcm2835 library.org 26/12/12 13:22 A fully working example of a shell script using the GPIO pins can be found at http://projectdownloads. GPIO Driving Example (C) This must be done as root.au) Copyright (C) 2011 Mike McCauley $Id: RF22. // Set the pin to be an output bcm2835_gpio_fsel(PIN../src .eLinux.21 2012/05/30 01:51:25 mikem Exp $ #include <bcm2835.sh.net/files/gpioExamples/tuxx. // Blink while (1) { // Turn it on bcm2835_gpio_write(PIN.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 15 de 21 .v 1. LOW).com.c blink.c sudo .com.RPi Low-level peripherals ./.
eLinux. # Blink pin 11: # Set RPi pin 11 to be an output Device::BCM2835::gpio_fsel(&Device::BCM2835::RPI_GPIO_P1_11.com. # Milliseconds } GPIO Driving Example (C#) RaspberryPiDotNet library is available at https://github. System. System. } GPIO Driving Example (Perl) This must be done as root.pm use Device::BCM2835.Linq.au/mikem/bcm2835 You must then get and install the Device::BCM2835 perl library from CPAN http://search.Net/.open. Device::BCM2835::delay(500).0/lib/Device/BCM2835.org 26/12/12 13:22 return 0. while (1) { # Turn it on Device::BCM2835::gpio_write(&Device::BCM2835::RPI_GPIO_P1_11.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 16 de 21 .cpan. use strict. using using using using using using System.Text. Device::BCM2835::init() || die "Could not init library". System.RPi Low-level peripherals . RaspberryPiDotNet. 1). namespace RaspPi http://elinux.com/cypherkey/RaspberryPi.Collections. 0).org/~mikem/Device-BCM28351. Device::BCM2835::delay(500).Generic. The library includes a GPIOFile and GPIOMem class. &Device::BCM2835::BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_OUTP). System. The GPIOMem requires compiling Mike McCauley's bcm2835 library above in to a shared object. You must also get and install the bcm2835 library. To change to the root user: sudo su - Supports GPIO and SPI interfaces. # call set_debug(1) to do a non-destructive test on non-RPi hardware #Device::BCM2835::set_debug(1). # Milliseconds # Turn it off Device::BCM2835::gpio_write(&Device::BCM2835::RPI_GPIO_P1_11. Details and downloads from http://www.Threading.
RPi Low-level peripherals .Write(false).read(MY_PIN) GPIO Driving Example (BASIC) Bywater BASIC Interpreter The Bywater BASIC Interpreter (bwBASIC) implements a large superset of the ANSI Standard for Minimal BASIC (X3.mode(MY_PIN.org/stable/interpreters/bwbasic BASIC programming of the I/O Setting up a GPIO pin to be used for inputs or for outputs.eLinux.co. as bwBASIC has no POKE and PEEK commands and other versions of BASIC (as far as I know) only handle 8 bit registers with 16 bit addresses with these commands. So we need to export the GPIO pins.GPIOPins. sudo -1 sudo bwbasic http://elinux.new io.GPIOPins.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 17 de 21 .debian. // Create a new GPIO object GPIOMem gpio = new GPIOMem(GPIO.(ref 2) We need to do this in Linux root. http://packages. We cannot load the control words directly into the 32 bit ARM registers with 32 bit addresses.Write(GPIO.org 26/12/12 13:22 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Access the GPIO pin using a static method GPIOFile.HIGH) io. gpio. } } } GPIO Driving Example (Ruby) This example uses the WiringPi Ruby Gem: http://pi.write(MY_PIN.uk/post/015-wiringpi-now-with-serial which you can install on your Pi with "gem install wiringpi" MY_PIN = 1 require 'wiringpi' io = WiringPi::GPIO.OUTPUT) io. bwBASIC seeks to be as portable as possible.60-1978) and a significant subset of the ANSI Standard for Full BASIC (X3.GPIO01). then we load bwbasic into root.113-1987) in C. It also offers shell programming facilities as an extension of BASIC.gadgetoid. so that they exist in a file structure which we can access from basic with the OPEN command. We need to run BASIC in the root too. You can download it at. true).GPIO00. First we go to the root.
(ref 3) We are now able to control the output of the gpio 4 pin from BASIC We can set the GPIO 4 pin to 1 or to 0 by OPENing its pin value file for output and writing "1" or "0" with a PRINT# command. as they cannot be run from within. 40 OPEN "O". 10 echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/export 20 echo "7" > /sys/class/gpio/export 30 echo "8" > /sys/class/gpio/export RUN http://elinux. the shell commands have to run as a separate file. echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/export Whilst bwbasic can accommodate shell commands. Now we can access the file containing the pin direction setting from BASIC We can set GPIO pin 4 to input or to output by OPENing its pin direction file for output and writing "in" or "out" with a PRINT# command.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 18 de 21 . "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio4/value"."out" 30 CLOSE #1 REM closes the open direction file.2 20 PRINT #1. Example of an (unstructured) BASIC programme To read the state of a switch and control the power to two LEDs connected to GPIO pins 8. to export a number of GPIO pins at the outset) as numbered statements in a file that can be loaded with the basic command LOAD "filename" and RUN (ref 2).eLinux. using a Shell command. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio4/value". Programme to set 2 pins as outputs and 1 pin as input and to read the input turning on two different combinations of the two outputs (ie output 0.#4. whereupon the system performs the action of setting the direction to "out".RPi Low-level peripherals . OPEN "O".1 or 1. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio4/direction".1 PRINT #4. REM similarly we can turn off the output of GPIO pin 4. as part of a basic programme. and we can store a set of these commands (eg.org 26/12/12 13:22 REM Now to export the no4 GPIO pin for example.#1."1" 60 CLOSE #4 REM turns on the output of GPIO pin 4.7 and 4 respectively. NB the system only carries out the action as the file is closed.0) depending on the state of the input (1 or 0).bas" LIST REM a set of Shell statements to export the three GPIO pins."0" CLOSE #4.1 50 PRINT #4. (ref 2 ) 10 OPEN "O".#4. sudo –i sudo bwbasic LOAD "export.
"1" 170 PRINT #2. 10 echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport 20 echo "7" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport 30 echo "8" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport RUN A simple circuit to provide the switched input and the two LED outputs. 1.2 30 OPEN "O". 25/10/2012 http://elinux.php?t=331320&page=5 3.2 REM opens the three pin direction files 40 PRINT #1. LOAD "demo1. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio8/value".bas programme from memory . to leave the R-Pi as we found it. This paper RPi Low-level peripherals.bas" LIST REM a set of Shell statements to unexport the three GPIO pins.x REM reads the value of the input pin and stores the value in numerical variable x 120 CLOSE #8 REM closes the open file. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio4/direction". 2. Dec. "out" 50 PRINT #2. 150 IF x<1 THEN GOTO 160 ELSE GOTO 190 REM tests the state of the switch (1 or0) and directs the program to generate the appropriate outputs 160 PRINT #1. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio7/value". allowing the system to read the value of the input pin and store the value in numer 130 OPEN "O".#2. "out" 60 PRINT #3.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 19 de 21 . "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio8/direction".2 20 OPEN "O".) NEW LOAD "unexport."0" 180 GOTO 210 190 PRINT#1.1 140 OPEN "O".com/forums/showthread.1 REM opens the GPIO pin 8 value file 110 INPUT #8. we should unexport the GPIO pins. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio4/value".RPi Low-level peripherals .eLinux. When all is done. "in" REM sets GPIO pins 4 and 7 as outputs and GPIO pin 8 as input.#1.bas" LIST 10 OPEN "O".1 REM opens the GPIO pins 4 and value files ready for outputting 1s and 0s.org 26/12/12 13:22 NEW REM clears the export.ybw.#8. http://www.#2.(Ref 1. Private communication. 100 OPEN "I"."1" 210 CLOSE #1 220 CLOSE #2 REM Closes the files and allows the outputs to light the LED 230 END. Arthur Kaletzky.#1. "/sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio7/direction"."0" 200 PRINT #2. allowing the system to perform the direction settings. 70 CLOSE #1 80 CLOSE #2 90 CLOSE #3 REM closes all open files.#3. Ed Beynon. 2012 References. Ancient Mariner.
org/archives/384 4.raspberrypi. ↑ http://www.raspberrypi. CEC HDMI-CEC (Consumer Electronics Control for HDMI) is supported by hardware but some driver work will be needed and currently isn't exposed into Linux userland. ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.eLinux.doc Raspberry_Pi_I-O_viii.raspberrypi.raspberrypi.org/downloads 9.org/phpBB3/viewtopic. ↑ http://www.php?f=44&t=7509 8.pdf 5.[25].org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 20 de 21 .raspberrypi. the Raspberry Pi Foundation design brings out the MIPI CSI-2 (Camera Serial Interface[24]) to a 15-way flat flex connector S5.doc MIPI CSI-2 On the production board[23].org/forum/projects-and-collaboration-general/gpio-header-pinoutclarification/page-2 10. It has two data lanes and a clock lane. bwbasic manual. ↑ http://www. Eben notes that he has seen CEC demos on the Broadcom SoC they are using. to drive a possible future LCD screen device. References 1. For the two original documents this example has been copied from see: GPIO_Driving_Example_(BASIC)_. ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.pdf 7. between the Ethernet and HDMI connectors. ↑ http://www. DSI On the production board.org/archives/384 3. ↑ http://www.org/forum/features-and-requests/easy-gpio-hardware-software/pagehttp://elinux. A compatible camera has been discussed as working in tests and is planned for release at a later date. ↑ http://www.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals. next to Raspberry Pi logo. Some smart phone screens use DSI[27].raspberrypi.raspberrypi.org/archives/384#comment-5217 6. libCEC with Raspberry Pi support has been included in OpenELEC and will be included in Raspbmc RC4.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/easy-gpio-hardware-software/page3/#p31907 2.org 26/12/12 13:22 4. ↑ http://www. the Raspberry Pi Foundation design brings out the DSI (Display Serial Interface[26]) to a 15-way flat flex connector labelled S2. ↑ http://www.RPi Low-level peripherals .[28] For more information about HDMI-CEC and what you could do with it on the Raspberry Pi please see the CEC (Consumer Electronics Control) over HDMI article.
Basic Setup Advanced Setup .net/projects/raspberry-pi-kernel/ ↑ http://www.org/forum/general-discussion/wiring-for-the-raspberry-pis-gpio ↑ http://pi4j.raspberrypi. at 21:24. http://elinux.DataSheets . 17.Kernel .Low-level peripherals Hardware Expansion Boards Peripherals Screens . Why was this change made? (http://www.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1288.raspberrypi.html#Pin_Numbering ↑ https://projects.php?f=24&t=5894 ↑ http://www.0 Unported License.mipi.drogon.Education Communities Retrieved from "http://elinux. 28.pulse-eight.raspberrypi.1 ↑ Forum:Sad about removal of I2S. 13.php?p=86172#p86172 ↑ http://www.org/specifications/display-interface ↑ http://en. 6/#p56480 ↑ http://www.org/specifications/camera-interface ↑ http://www. 24.org/index.RPi Low-level peripherals . 26.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.raspberrypi.Programming VideoCore APIs Tutorials . 15.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1278.org/phpBB3/viewtopic. 27.raspberrypi.php?f=24&t=5894 ↑ http://www. 18.Guides . 21.2 ↑ http://www.0.Troubleshooting Hardware . 23. 16.net/raspberry-pi/wiringpi/pins/ ↑ http://www.raspberrypi. 22.org/wiki/Display_Serial_Interface ↑ http://blog.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking Página 21 de 21 .SD Card Setup . Content is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3. 25.0 ↑ http://www.bootc. 19.pdf ↑ http://www. 20.Performance .raspberrypi.com/2012/08/01/libcec-1-8-0-a-firmware-upgrade-and-raspberry-pi-support/ Raspberry Pi Model Wizard . 12.Hardware History .org/phpBB3/viewtopic.Buying Guide .Projects .mipi.com/usage.Cases .org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Raspberry-Pi-Schematics-R1.Other Peripherals Startup Software Projects Software .org/forum/projects-and-collaboration-general/complex-cameraperipherials#p72602 ↑ http://www.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1288.raspberrypi.Tasks .raspberrypi.Distributions .org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1536#postid-21841 ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.Beginners Guide . 14.php?title=RPi_Low-level_peripherals&oldid=204104" Category: RaspberryPi This page was last modified on 23 December 2012.org 26/12/12 13:22 11.org/forum/features-and-requests/sad-about-removal-of-i2s-why-was-thischange-made) ↑ http://www.eLinux.raspberrypi.wikipedia.


text:
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MOSCOW, July 6. /TASS/. The report by the Fact Finding Mission of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) would have been much more comprehensive, if experts had visited Shayrat airbase, Director of the Russian Foreign Ministry's Non-Proliferation and Arms Control Department, Mikhail Ulyanov, said at a briefing for foreign diplomats on the Syrian "chemical dossier." The text of his speech was posted on the Russian Foreign Ministry's website on Thursday.
"Firstly, the fundamental principle of ensuring the preservation of physical evidence [during the investigation - TASS] has not been observed," Ulyanov said. "Biomedical and environmental samples were obtained by the OPCW Fact Finding Mission on the territory of another country and from other people rather than at the scene, the way it should be. That said, one cannot be certain that these samples were indeed collected in Khan Shaykhun rather than at some other place in Syria or even in some other country." According to Ulyanov, this applies to the bodies of the victims, since there is no certainty that that those were residents of Khan Shaykhun."
"Secondly, the report contains no information on how sarin was used. It just states that the OPCW mission was unable to come to a firm conclusion on this particular issue. And that's despite the fact that this is a key aspect for establishing the truth," the diplomat said.
Ulyanov pointed to remarks by the authors of the report who said that the only purpose of the investigation was to determine whether chemical weapons were used and that everything else allegedly has nothing to do with that case. "Such an interpretation is fundamentally contrary to the mission's mandate, which states clearly that its objective is to establish the facts related to the alleged use of chemical weapons in Syria," he emphasized. "This wording implies a much broader range of tasks, which, in actual fact, have been ignored in practice."
"Thirdly, the results of the investigation would have been much more complete, if OPCW experts had visited the Shayrat airbase where sarin, which was allegedly used in Khan Shaykhun, was stored," he said.
"Both the Syrian government, which pledged to ensure full safety, and we insisted on that. Unfortunately, OPCW representatives avoided this trip, even though Paragraph 12 of their mandate provides for that."
The OPCW report published on June 29 said that sarin or a similar nerve agent was sprayed in Syria's Khan Shaykhun. As a result, nearly 100 people, including many children, were killed. The report will be handed over to the joint UN-OPCW investigative mechanism that would determine those responsible for the attack.
The incident involving the alleged use of chemical weapons in Khan Shaykhun in the Idlib province occurred on April 4. Washington accused Damascus of using chemical weapons, after which the US Navy delivered a missile strike in the small hours of April 7 on Syria's Shayrat military airfield in the province of Homs.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Phoebe Nir – Side Hustle
Phoebe Nir is a NYC-based songstress/playwright who blends a pop, jazz, and rock in a 60s-like fashion. Side Hustle is her debut EP, which was released back in November 4th via True Groove Records. She has performed in many popular venues in New York including Joe's Pub and 54 Below. Phoebe has also received the Presidential Scholar of the Arts from President Obama at the White House and is currently developing a Broadway theater trilogy alongside producer Tomas Doncker.
Phoebe Nir's sound takes us back in time when pop beats would wound up in jazz clubs or rock shows with the most seamless transition. "Lust for Life," the opener of her record, is packed with playfulness and skyrocketing enthusiasm that takes off in a flash. Although it is a cover of Iggy Pop's song, Nir breathes in a new, vibrant life with the her zesty vocals and gushing percussions that gives almost a theatrical polish to it. There is an undeniable thespian touch in her EP, which isn't surprising given the fact that she's a playwright as well.
"Joe! Joe! Joe! Joe! Joe! / I keep on shouting like a maniac since you walked out that door" chants Nir in her second track "Joe!" With trumpet horns and multi-vocal choruses backing her up, Nir sounds like she's delivering a meltdown monologue after her lover has left. But the cheery despair in the melody tells another story – despite the lyrical cry for Joe, as listeners, we can't help but feel the positive giddiness in her rhythm. She sheds a comical light into the guilty pleasure of indulging into the drama and you can't help but laugh about it.
The more you spin Nir's songs, the more her humor infuses into your brain. She mocks and embraces the theatrical art the same way she sculpts her songs with seemingly mismatching elements that somehow find a kooky harmony. "Show me what you learned, what you learned / What you learned, what you learned in film school." Her third track, "Film School," pokes fun of the Hollywood grandeur that blinds many from actually creating genuine art. The follow up, "Side Hustle," oozes a flirty self-confidence where Nir is luring her person of interest but with the du jour no-strings-attached attitude that poptresses like Tove Lo celebrate. It is an anachronistic song where you can feel the present day cool girl air in a 60s-infused pop/jazz soundsphere.
Where Nir loses us is "Broken Parts" – a midtempo track that lacks in the eccentric flavor and humor she displays in her other songs. There is no thrilling jazz momentums or mounting beats, but a rather flat one where we easily snooze. Despite this hiccup, Nir quickly redeems herself in the last track "Oh Ana" – a surprisingly, laid-back track that soars to a more emotional direction, letting us exeunt her EP with a sweet aftertaste.
You can check out more of her work on her site and follow her on Facebook.
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text:
The election protests in Iran have become a revolt for freedom fueled by the support garnered through social media – Twitter in particular. Seems the government and the clerics of Iran do not realize what the Chinese have grasped – the social media are dangerous – they foster freedom.
Twitter, once again has shown out to be a powerful tool in the dissemination of information. First we have seen how it has helped with sharing of information of natural disasters and fast breaking news. Now it is gaining more publicity for its ability to unite the world in support of a movement.
The pictures and videos coming out of a country that has arrested 24 journalists so far have been transmitted largely through Twitter. YouTube has helped with the videos of innocents killed.
The mainstream media are looking for ways around the restrictions and Twitter seems to be their main tool.
As CNN reported the use of smart phones has become the magic sword. "The phone is the seminal device on the ground in Iran," Clay Shirky noted on the show. The journalists in this situation are no longer about degrees on the wall but measured by what they hear and what they see.
Shirkey has been touting the power of Twitter and social media for some time as can be seen in this video at TED.
The global protest has developed some interesting methods of support. The greening of twitter avatars is similar to the blackout of avatars used to draw attention to censorship issues in New Zealand.
Sites have sprung up with images and songs of support. A forum – Anonymous Iran – giving help to the protesters with the tagline "Even if a ballot is silenced, the voice behind it cannot be" is giving a portal for information to the people inside and outside the country. It is interestiungly part of a larger protest portal Why We Protest.
The power of Twitter is growing and no doubt its value as a far reaching tool beyond what it initially was developed for is becoming more obvious. While China saw the risk of its influence and fought against it with the Great Firewall – if the Iran freedom rally is successful Twitter will become a powerful medium and the 140 character revolution will become part of the mythology of the web.
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text:
What happened to the Mullendore Murder Case
Posted in the Bartlesville Forum
21 - 40 of 1,418 Comments Last updated Saturday Jul 22
#21 Oct 3, 2008
Several days have gone by with no comments on this web site,,,,where are you? Boomer Sooner are you through with your comments?
I think if they could reconstruct a duplication of the room E.C. was killed in, do a set up of who was standing where, then a ballistics expert might know how far away the shooter was from Chub and what angle the bullet would have entered Chub's arm ,using the science of motion and impact of the projectile. Might be worth a try, Chub still has a scar.
#22 Oct 4, 2008
Unless he was in on it, and Chub was more then likley drunk and they were hoping it would be blamed on him.
#23 Oct 4, 2008
I think that if Chub were drunk people would have noticed that night, at the hospital etc. More than likely E.C. was drunk,he had been drinking all day. Maybe tempers flared and things got out of hand. Just as simple as that!
#24 Oct 6, 2008
wow, boomer sooner sure is quite now. I still think it was chub. for what ever reason. i still have the idea, e.c. paid chub to help in him in a suicide. insurance would not pay if it was suicide but would for murder. jmo
#25 Oct 6, 2008
Yes I would think Boomer Sooner would have a lot to say after reading all these comments! Remember he knows what happened!
Since: Sep 08
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#26 Oct 6, 2008
Told you he was full of [email protected]!
#27 Oct 7, 2008
The more I think about the suicide theory, the more impractical it seems. Chub did not live like a man with a wind fall of money. He ran instead. Don't think he had a very exciting life after that night.
#28 Oct 7, 2008
To Kansas Cowgirl, Please go to the other forum,under Rancher E.C. Mullendore, and tell me what you think about the comments of Nosey Nellie. It is very incriminating against Mullendore IV. I hope it is not true.
#29 Oct 7, 2008
what history do you know about chub after the murder?
#30 Oct 7, 2008
The answer would be, first the book ,The Mullendore Murder Case, second talking to sheriff Waymon, and Rudy Briggs, numerous times, who were at the scene of the crime that night. The assistant to Bill Kurtis, American Justice, her name is Michelle, she has met Chub in person, and then several newspaper reporters who were interested in the crime, one of which also talked to sheriff Wayman. Looking up news paper accounts after Chub was convicted of illegal drugs and idenity theft, brought back to Kansas,etc. The articles where Chub told what he had been doing all those years in his own words. Wish I could talk to Chub. I know he is very ill.
Since: Sep 08
Location hidden
#31 Oct 7, 2008
I don't know about the molesting thing. But, I will say this. I lived in Sedan for a while and the boys do live off of momma! They are not what you call fine upstanding citizens. I do think very highly of the wives. They were good people. I also can't imagine someone calling them self 'nosey' being credible. But, stranger things have happened. And I think that if it were true or not, Mrs. EC would at least say something about it! Thinking maybe a s#$t stirrer! Like they say don't believe anything you hear and only half of what you see!!:)
#32 Oct 9, 2008
Thank you for your reply. I do realize you never know what you get on the internet. I am sincere about wishing this case were solved. You have read all the reasons why. I do not even care now if he does not go to prison,,,just wish he would tell the people who worked the case what happened.
#33 Oct 14, 2008
Days have gone by and with all the other cares in this world, the Mullendore murder case has slipped away once more.
I would like to appeal to anyone who has contact with Chub Anderson to ask him if he would consider writing down what really happened on the night of the murder. He could give it to an attorney to be opened after his death. Thus ending the drama of this case and putting it to rest for family and all law enforcement who have waited years to have this resolved! I believe Chub has carried this burden for years! E.C. Mullendore deserves, no matter what people thought of him, to have justice served and to rest in peace.
United States
#34 Oct 16, 2008
Sure is creepy when you go to that old house!!
#35 Oct 16, 2008
The word creepy does not come to mind for me, but interesting does. Have you kept up on this case through the years? It is a puzzle, one I wish were solved. I have never been to the house but I would love for Chub to walk us through and recall his memories of that night.
#36 Nov 3, 2008
Boomer Sooner are you not ever going to put a message on this web page again? How is your friend Chub? Is he ready to get this off his chest?
#37 Nov 3, 2008
If you want to talk to Chub Anderson go to the Gunny Sack or the Caney Kitchen he is in there almost every morning. He drives a early nintes chevy step side, maroon in color. You could also go to the office of the old Caney Castings building, that is his residence.
Everyone has said it a hundred times on here just everyone keeps dancing back around it. Chub and E.C. were fighting at the Caney Race track. E.C. was so drunk he could hardly stand up, trying to get in a stock car and drive on mechanics night. When they left numerious peoples stated they were fighting with each other.
Rumor has it that Chub was a womanizer and either did or was accused of screwing around with E.C.'s wife. Fight insued E.C. shot Chub, Chub took the gun away and killed E.C.
I'm not saying the cops were idiots, they just never dealt with a case of this magnitude. Stupid mistakes were made in crime scene protections and here we are today. Its easy to believe mob, disgruntled family and gunman on a grassy knolls. It was a fight between to good friends that turned really bad.
Truth betold I believe with every fiber of my body it was Chub Anderson and he sure the hell is not going to spend his remaining days in prison.
Chub lived life on the edge and now is spending his remaining days wasting away in a abondoned foundry with nothing to show for it. Old friends help him get by and thats where it will end.
No wants to believe that but no ones trying to change that out come either. Besides you Mrs. Phillips
#38 Nov 4, 2008
John, Believe it or not, my motives to want this crime solved were not out of hate but for justice. I agree with you 100 percent. I am sure they were fighting and E.C. was drunk and angry. Chub paid his dues as a man servent to E.C. ,he gave his pound of flesh putting up with E.C. and his eccentric family. My problem has always been all the lies. So sir, as you have stated, Chub has paid for that crime in other ways,,not prison. Can you not understand how hard it is to know someone has gotten away with murder, even if it was not premeditated. It is just a hard pill to swallow.
#39 Nov 4, 2008
I think we miss understood each other. Its not that I don't think he belongs behind bars. I agree with you one hundred percent. I don't care that there are alot of people around here that love him. A crook is a crook if you do a crime you need to serve the time.
He was a cattle theif, a drug dealer and I believe a murderer. He belongs one place. It discuss me to see him shuffle his way out of the Gunny Sack and hear people whisper about what a great guy he is. My dad being one of them. He hadn't seen him since the seventies and he still talks about how great he was.
People in this country truly show their lack of intelligence when they support criminal behavior.
If it was some young thug sporting red or blue colors with a bag of dope in his pocket and doing drive by's everyone says hang him. When everyone sees Chub they see the good ole cowboy next door that wouldn't rat and have your back in a jam. They relate and that makes it alright. It justifies it for them.
It will be a brighter day when he quits soaking up my oxygen. I hope you get your answers you are looking for before then.
#40 Nov 4, 2008
John I am amazed at your answer. Thank you. Sheriff Waymon and Rudy Briggs, who were there that night, wanted so badly for the truth to come out. Chub promised the sheriff that on his death bed,,that would be Chub's, he would tell George Waymon the truth. Well as we know he probably will die and not keep that promise. Who knows who will die first.
I am also tired of everyone who says Chub is a good ole boy,, so what! We know how most of them are,,they are A-holes!
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"This is the second installment in Hearn's trilogy and astonishingly it's even better than volume one...the emotional power of the story is vastly magnified. Time and destiny are almost tangible in the novel...The beauty, savagery and strangeness of Hearn's gripping tale is heightened by her exquisite, crystalline prose."—The Independent (UK)
Grass For His Pillow: Tales of Otori, Book Twoby Lian Hearn
Praised for its epic scope and descriptive detail, Across the Nightingale Floor, the first book in the Tales of the Otori series, was an international/i>/b>/i>/b>/i>/i>
Grass for His Pillow is the second book in the Tales of the Otori series by Lian Hearn. Don't miss the related series, The Tale of Shikanoko.
Praised for its epic scope and descriptive detail, Across the Nightingale Floor, the first book in the Tales of the Otori series, was an international bestseller and critical success, named by the London Times as "the most compelling novel to have been published this year." With Grass for His Pillow, Book Two, we return to the medieval Japan of Lian Hearn's creation—a land of harsh beauty and deceptive appearances.
In a complex social hierarchy, amid dissembling clans and fractured allegiances, there is no place for passionate young love. The orphan Takeo has been condemned to work as an assassin—an enforced occupation that his father sacrificed his own life to escape. Meanwhile, Takeo's beloved Shirakawa Kaede, heir to the Murayama and alone in the world, must find a way to unify the domain she has inherited, as she fights off the advances of would-be suitors and hopes against fading hope that Takeo will return to her...
Editorial Reviews
Product Details
- 9781594480034
- Publisher:
- Penguin Publishing Group
- Publication date:
- 06/01/2004
- Series:
- Tales of the Otori Series , #2
- Edition description:
- Reprint
- Pages:
- 368
- Sales rank:
- 227,323
- Product dimensions:
- 5.12(w) x 8.00(h) x 0.92(d)
- Lexile:
- HL790L (what's this?)
- Age Range:
- 18 Years
What People are Saying About This
"This is the second installment in Hearn's trilogy and astonishingly it's even better than volume one...the emotional power of the story is vastly magnified. Time and destiny are almost tangible in the novel...The beauty, savagery and strangeness of Hearn's gripping tale is heightened by her exquisite, crystalline prose."The Independent on Sunday (UK)
Meet the Author
Lian Hearn is the pseudonym for the writer Gillian Rubinstein, currently living in Australia, who has a lifelong interest in Japan, has lived there, and speaks Japanese. All five books in the Tales of the Otori series—Across the Nightingale Floor, Grass for His Pillow, Brilliance of the Moon, The Harsh Cry of the Heron, and Heaven's Net is Wide—are available now from Riverhead Books. Don't miss the related series, The Tale of Shikanoko.
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
See all customer reviews
This series is full of tough spots for the characters. Better than that, it's full of characters that leave an impression and seem to escape being as i have come to expect. Particularly in this book, there are periods of exploration of themselves (in which even they themselves are surprised), and growth - including personality traits that are not what i expected. The characters seem to be plucked from history -- Takeo and Kaede and Arai and all the others seem very real. I cannot /wait/ to begin reading book number 3! this one went by faster than any book i've ever read.
Captures the culture well. Alot is understood without being spoken.
The tone of the book is enough to keep the readers of the edge of their seats wondering what will happen!
This book was so good because of its balance between war, love and culture. it is a fantastic read.
Great book! Very emotional, but, even though it is a great book, i still prefer 'Across the nightinggale floor' (even though it had the most annoying ending!!!) Has nothing to do with Grass or Pillow's though, it tells us about Takeo and Keade's relationship away from each other (tee-hee) and how they cope. Mainly its on Keade seeking power and all that stuff on how she should have been born a boy, and Takeo coping life with the 'Tribe.' Read this on a Plane! Really good for reading on planes, especailly when you've already seen the movie's thier showing! Two annoying things though: The names, I CAN NOT PRONOUNCE HALF THE NAMES. Well, I can't, but maybe you can, i'm only 13. Oh, and the fact that the word 'TEA' is used so often. It's amusing at first, but then is very irritating coz no one wants to read about tea. Wonderful book, i've read all of them a million times. Ok, maybe not a million. I hope Lian Hearn is writing more, and i heard there's a movie in the making for 'Across the Nightinggale floor.' !Enjoy the book!
Lian Hearn is an amazing auther. Her characters are so deep and believable that you are transported right to medival Japan. Takeo is such a strong person, along with his adopted clans and love. I deffinately recommend this book to everyone!
I loved this book it was so deep and yet so well written. I loved the way honour over came his rightful path. I love Takeo he is such a atrong character full of knowledge, he creates a great image of the young men of that time. I also like the women power tha Kaede shows, she is a such a great character. Im most pleased with the way it ended lookin forward to the 3 installment of The Otori Series. A very well written book, possibly my fave book...apart from the Fisrt Of the Otorti Series.
2nd in series, the continuing tale of the youthful lovers kept apart by politics and honor in Lian Hearn's alternative feudal Japan. The narration is compelling and kept me reading despite how depressed and without expectation of satisfying futures both characters (and landscape) seemed to be in the first part of the story. The rich descriptions of place, well-rounded secondary characters, the determination of Kaede and the evolving magical skills and resolving identity issues of Takeo were counters to the initial mood and in the end I found it a very satisfying listen and I can't wait to start #3. 4.5 stars - couldn't figure out how to get 1/2 star


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This week is Peak Performance Week (PPW) at Orangetheory Fitness. Basically, twice a year, Orangetheory does a specific series of benchmark workouts for a week. The idea is that every six months you can do the same workouts you did six months ago in order to see how much you've improved. I've only been doing Orangetheory regularly since February, but I was still really excited to put my training to the test and see how well I could perform. Today's {Read More}
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Ever since I wrote that post last Monday about needing to get back to running… I've really lived up to my goal! Tuesday morning, I went out for a short run around my very hilly neighborhood, but ended up running 5.2 miles in 43 minutes. That's much faster than I've ever run those hills before, and an 8:20 average pace! On Wednesday, I didn't go for a proper run, but did two quick miles on my new* treadmill interspersed with some weight {Read More}
Pondering the Bolder Boulder
I feel like I've really been slacking on workouts lately. First there was the week of vacation, where I didn't have access to any kind of gym. That's obviously no excuse and I could have done some bodyweight workouts on my own… but I didn't. I thought I'd get back on track the next week, but that was when I got really sick, and even navigating from one room to the next was problematic. No way could I exercise! Last {Read More}
Race Report: Spring Equinox Four Miler
I ran the Spring Equinox Four Miler on March 26th, but it's taken me some time to sit down and write a race report. I'm pretty proud of my effort here though, and definitely wanted to write it up for posterity! Having PRed in the four mile just a few weeks earlier, I was really excited about the Spring Equinox Four Mile race to see what I could do. I tried hard to do things right, too: resting up the {Read More}
Race Report: Winter Six Pack #5
The Winter Six Pack #5 was five miles long… which meant we were almost to the end of the six race series build up to 10K! I was a little nervous going into the 5 miler, though. Even though I had run the four mile distance just two weeks before, I hadn't done any sort of running in between other than some Orangetheory classes, where I never cover more than about 3.5 miles in a class. Five miles would be {Read More}


text:
16 Feb 2016
Spring may begin!
. It had been a long time ago. But very fun to do and very happy with the result. Fresh colors in a sunny setting. Spring may begin :))) ! For more pictures you have to check our webshop.
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text: Marc Marc is 30 years old male from Casa Grande, United States. He is interested in meet new people. 30, male, Casa Grande Likes: 43x Facebook profile Who s/he liked? Send message Favorite May she/he ask you for a date? Never Maybe Sure Promener le chien Cocktails Cooking Esoterika Pets Real Madrid Basketball Cooking Tommy Hilfiger Spain Relationship: ShowSexuality: ShowHeight: ShowWeight: ShowBody type: ShowEye color: ShowHair color: ShowLiving: ShowKids: ShowSmoking: ShowDrinking: Show Report photo Sign up to see all photos Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest Similar users Carlos 28, El Monte 25 Action Sergio 26, Tucson online 27 Leland 30, Hot Springs National Park 75 Shane 29, Elk River 44 Keath 28, Lebanon 749 Jonathan 27, Hyden 104 Camping Michael 27, Mount Hope 420 ComedyMusicSinging+3 Danillo 30, Denver 58 Daniel 28, Savannah 42


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21 James Street SouthBelfast, BT2 7GA, N. Ireland
+44(0) 28 9087 2222
From cloud computing and the internet of things, to the business benefits of custom solutions and SEO, take a closer look at what's going on in the world of tech innovation.
With 6.4 billion 'connected' things in operation last year and a Gartner prediction of almost 21 billion by 2020, the internet as we know it today simply doesn't have the infrastructure to support the security demands of a revolution that is far outstripping the supply of cyber security innovations.
We're Hiring


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Days Inn and Suites Richfield, Richfield
- Free continental breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
- Swimming pool
Main amenities
- 216 guestrooms
- Restaurant
- Indoor and outdoor pool
- Fitness center
- Business center
- Airport shuttle
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Arcade/game room
- Front desk safe
- Laundry service
- Free continental breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Children's pool
- Playground on site
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
What's around
- In a national park
- Furnace Run Metro Park (1.6 mi / 2.5 km)
- Sleepy Hollow Golf Course (2.9 mi / 4.6 km)
- Cuyahoga Valley National Park (4.1 mi / 6.6 km)
- Brecksville Reservation (4.1 mi / 6.6 km)
- Boston Store Visitor Center (4.2 mi / 6.7 km)
Days Inn and Suites Richfield, Richfield
Hotel Info: 855-238-1590from $76
- Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofa bed, Non Smoking
- Double Room, 2 Double Beds, Balcony
- Standard Room, 2 Double Beds
- Upgraded, Double Room, 2 Double Beds, Smoking
- Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible
- Suite, 1 King Bed, Smoking
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed
- Standard Room, 2 Double Beds
- Standard Room, 1 King Bed, Smoking
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 216 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 4 PM-6 AM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 21
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed *
- Specific rooms only, restrictions apply *
- 2 per room
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle *
- Free self parking
- RV/bus/truck parking
Nearby Two Star Richfield hotels
In the hotel
- Free continental breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Indoor pool
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Fitness facilities
- Miniature golf on site
- Playground on site
- Outdoor pool
- Children's pool
- Arcade/game room
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 9
- Conference space
- Meeting rooms 13
- Conference space size (feet) - 15000
- Conference space size (meters) - 1394
- 24-hour front desk
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Wedding services
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 32-inch TV
- Cable TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Top Richfield hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Richfield
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"Amazing historic building, close to universities, hospitals, museums, botanical gardens, and Little Italy. The staff was awesome and the breakfast unbelievable. Parking was free.…"Jul 21, 2017
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"Staff was wonderful, room was immaculate and comfortable, and the food at the Bistro was stellar. Will stay at this hotel again."Jul 20, 2017
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"We just needed a place for the night. This hotel was prices very well and satisfied our one night stay.clean room, supplied a safe which I thought was a plus. Bathroom was large.…"Jul 20, 2017
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Nearby hotels
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Days Inn and Suites Richfield, Richfield's small print
Also known as
- Days Inn Hotel Richfield
- Days Inn Richfield
- Richfield Days Inn
- Days Inn Richfield Hotel Richfield
- Days Inn Richfield Ohio
- Days Inn Richfield Hotel
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
This property does not have elevators.
For transfers, guests must contact the property before arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for USD 10 per day
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 50 per accommodation, per stay
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of USD 60 per vehicle (one way)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
This is a transcript of the Introduction of Left 4 Dead.
Scene camera focuses in on a deceased hand with its thumb missing (a recurring symbol in the Left 4 Dead series) among a plie of necrotic remains. A fly buzzes around, then lands on the decaying hand. The four Survivors—Bill, Francis, Louis, and Zoey—walk into the shot, behind the hand.
- Bill: Hold up! [crouches, scoops up what looks like Boomer Bile] Ain't seen anything like this before...
- Francis: Jesus. Don't let that stop you from smearing it all over yourself.
Bill glares at Francis, gets up, and wipes the bile on Francis' vest.
- Bill: They're changing.
- Francis: [recoiling] Aww... Dammit, Bill! Augh, it stinks! [wipes the goo off while Louis chuckles]
At that moment, a muffled crying is heard. Bill turns to a nearby door on his right, where the sound is coming from.
- Zoey: [hopeful] Someone's still alive.
Zoey and Bill open the door to a pitch-black room, weapons raised.
- Bill: Over there.
Zoey turns her pistol flashlight on and pans it across the floor as the two slowly enter the room. As they crouch towards the opposite end of the room, the crying gradually grows louder.
- Zoey: [softly] Hello? Hello? Hey, it's okay... We're gonna—
Lightning flashes for a split second, revealing the source of the sobbing: a Witch crouching in the corner.
- Bill: [knocks Zoey's flashlight beam away from the Witch, urgently and quietly] Lights—off!
The two quietly watch the Witch with apprehension. Cutting to outside, Louis and Francis keep watch for any hostile threats. Louis sees a horde approaching from the way they came; Francis opens fire with his shotgun.
- Louis: Oh shit! Shit! Shit! Shit! [runs to the room with Zoey and Bill inside] They're coming!
In warning the others, Louis shines his flashlight over Zoey and Bill's shoulders, inadvertently startling the Witch.
- Louis: What the—?!
- Zoey: [to Louis] Run like hell!
As the Witch starts chasing them, Zoey and Bill run out of the room. On the way out, Bill fires a few shots from his rifle and slams the door shut, trapping the Infected inside. Louis braces the door to prevent the Witch from coming out at them. The Witch pounds a hole into the door, arm flailing around wildly.
- Louis: AAAAH! [steps back and begins shooting through the door]
While Louis deals with the Witch, Bill and Zoey join Francis with holding the incoming horde back.
- Louis: [as he finally kills the Witch] Do you like that?!
- Francis: Stick together!
As Louis rejoins the group, a Smoker from a balcony grabs Bill from behind with its tongue and starts pulling him away. Francis notices and calls out to Bill.
- Francis: Hang on!
As Bill struggles uselessly against his binds, Francis fires a shotgun round at the Smoker, killing it and dropping Bill onto the ground.
- Zoey: Guys...?
Francis helps Bill onto his feet, firing his shotgun at two approaching Infected from either side in the process.
- Francis: [to Bill] Merry Christmas.
Meanwhile, Louis and Zoey are close to being overwhelmed by Infected. Left with no choice, Zoey unstraps a pipe bomb from her waist.
- Zoey: [tossing the bomb] Fire in the hole!
The bomb flies in slow motion through the air, its beep attracting the remaining Infected towards it. It lands several yards away where it explodes, reducing the remaining Infected to a fine red mist as the survivors huddle behind cover.
Louis hears something, and looks skyward to see a helicopter is flying overhead through the street, which he pursues. A Hunter is seen stalking him from the rooftops, leaping from building to building.
- Louis: [yelling] Hey! We're over here! We're not infected! Down here! [The helicopter proceeds to fly off, not seeing him] Dammit!
The screen changes to the Hunter's point of view as it hangs from the edge of the roof, leaping from the building and pinning Louis to the ground. Zoey arrives in time to knock the Hunter off Louis and opens fire with dual pistols as it staggers back; Louis delivers a final headshot with his own pistol, knocking the Hunter onto a car with a car alarm, setting it off.
- Bill: [catching up along with Francis] Oh, this is gonna get bad.
Waves of infected pour over surrounding fences and streets, surrounding the survivors. Suddenly, a Tank is heard roaring in the distance; a car flys through the air to signal its arrival, knocking down part of the fence. The Survivors back away as the Tank comes into view, tossing away any Infected in its path.
- Louis: [to Bill] Run...or shoot?
The Tank continues to head their way.
- Louis: [more frantically] Run or shoot?!
- Bill: Both!
The Survivors "gun on the run" into a nearby alley, continually shooting at the Tank and its accompanying horde behind them. Louis points to a ladder leading up an apartment building's fire escape.
- Louis: Get to the roof!
- Francis: Go! Go! Go!
Francis and Bill stop at the base of the ladder to buy time for the others to climb.
Francis: [aiming his shotgun down the alley for the Tank.] Come on, come on!
The Tank comes into view and sends an Infected flying into Francis. Just as the Tank is about to smash him, Bill opens fire, giving Francis an opening to head up the ladder. The Tank retaliates from Bill's attack by hurling its fist at him; he dodges, and it gors through a brick wall instead. The enraged Tank grabs a slab of concrete and hurls it at Louis and Francis, who are now scrambling up the fire escape.
- Louis: Heads up! [narrowly avoids the slab, while Francis dodges it by briefly hanging over the edge]
Bill reaches the ladder, and is saved by an Infected from behind by Zoey, aiming her guns from the top balcony.
- Zoey: Go! I'll hold them off!
As Bill climbs the stairs to the roof, the Tank climbs up the fire escape. However, it gives way under its weight, losing Zoey one of her pistols and nearly taking herself with it.
- Zoey: [reaching her arm out] Francis—!
Francis grabs Zoey by the arm in time, just as the Tank falls to the ground below, immediately crushed by the falling fire escape. After a short pause, Francis and Louis pull Zoey up. Exhausted, the Survivors take a moment to catch their breath.
- Louis: [still breathing hard] We made it…! [to Francis and Zoey] I-I can't believe we made it!
- Bill: [sitting a short distance away] Son, we just crossed the street. [lights a cigarette] Let's not throw a party 'til we're outta the city.