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Why Michigan Pension Reform Matters
Michigan now a national leader on fixing pension problems
The passage of the 2017 public school pension reform is a transformational change for Michigan. The new reform places Michigan at the forefront of states that have gotten a grip on out-of-control government employee legacy costs.
Michigan had accidentally made school employees its largest creditors and this imposed huge costs on taxpayers. The new law limits that damage by making it much harder for lawmakers and state officials to promise pension benefits to new school employees and then push the costs onto tomorrow's taxpayers.
All employees in Michigan's public school districts, community colleges and a few other institutions are mandatory participants in the state's school pension system. It covers 189,761 people, meaning roughly about one out of every 24 individuals employed in this state are earning benefits from this system.
But the pension fund is underfunded. The state owes the system's members $29.1 billion, the difference between how much it has saved to pay for their pensions and the amount the system's managers expect it to cost.
This is not a new problem. In 42 out of the past 43 years the pension system has not had enough money to cover the costs of the benefits it has promised.
The underfunding makes the plan more expensive, but it provides no boon to members. Michigan taxpayers are now paying 37 percent of school payroll to keep this system afloat, with 89 percent of those contributions going to catch up on unfunded liabilities, rather than being set aside to pay for the pensions being earned by current school employees each year.
The benefits pensioners receive are not especially lavish, even with these high costs. Half of school employees don't even become eligible for pension benefits, failing to meet the eligibility requirement of logging 10 years in the public school system.
The key problem is that the politicians responsible for the pension system have weak incentives to pay for the promises they make. They make choices each year of how many scarce resources to allocate to pensions. Pension funding typically ranks low on the list of priorities, especially when competing against spending that produces more immediate political benefits. The $29.1 billion unfunded taxpayer liability demonstrates how little of a political return there is for a well-funded pension system.
The new law contains this problem. New employees will get substantial employer contributions to a 401(k)-style, defined-contribution plan. Alternatively, new school employees can still choose to enroll in a conventional pension plan, but they will have to share the cost if managers fail to properly fund it.
Lawmakers also limited that plan from getting out of control. If the plan's funding falls below 85 percent of the total liability for two consecutive years, it will automatically close and no new employees will be enrolled from then on.
The chances of that are reduced by another change: the new law says that pension fund investments can only be assumed to earn a more conservative 6 percent return over time. The state's other retirement systems use more optimistic rates of 7 percent and 7.5 percent, which contributed to underfunding when pension managers don't hit these investment targets.
The new reform leaves the benefits of people working today unaltered. So lawmakers will need to ensure that benefits are properly funded for current workers and retirees even as it contains its ability to underfund benefits for new employees.
This is unusual among the 50 states. Total state and local government pension underfunding in the U.S. is at least $1.1 trillion and perhaps as high as $4.8 trillion. There have been some reform efforts elsewhere, but politicians tend to focus on the wrong problem — tweaking systems by reducing benefits or requiring higher employee contributions. What they should address is how the persistent mismanagement of these systems allows inadequate pension fund contributions to go on for years on end.
In 1996 Michigan took a leap forward in containing the ability of managers to underfund lifetime benefit promises when it stopped granting defined-benefit pensions to new state employees. Local governments, which are not required to be part of a state-run system, have also started transitioning to 401(k)-style benefits for new hires.
One other major reform has been implemented here. Under a law passed in 2012, Michigan no longer gives post-retirement health insurance coverage to new state or school employees. Instead they get contributions to a retirement health savings account. Local governments have likewise started to move in this direction. This also prevents shifting the costs of today's government services onto tomorrow's taxpayers.
That last point is the purpose of all these reforms: Michigan is getting closer to paying all the costs of today's classrooms and other government services today, rather than pushing those costs onto the next generation of Michigan residents.
This honors the intent of the statesmen who drafted Article IX, Section 24 of Michigan's state constitution, and the voters who adopted it in 1963. It puts this state firmly on the path to solving a fiscal problem that threatens states and communities across the country. And it protects government employees and taxpayers alike.
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Why We Can't Build Infrastructure Like We Used To
Regulatory burdens just as much to blame as political gridlock
Hardly a week goes by when we don't see an article or news story about America's crumbling infrastructure and utilities. Contractors say it's bad and getting worse, so do engineers, universities and think tanks. People experience it too, driving on bad roads, dealing with water main breaks and unreliable utilities. And it upsets nearly everyone to see America's infrastructure falling apart.
The blame for the lack of infrastructure improvements is often laid at the feet of political gridlock, or misplaced priorities, or just plain government incompetence. But there's more to it than that.
Since the U.S. built the Golden Gate Bridge, Hoover Dam, interstate highway system and most of our water and wastewater utilities, the country has changed dramatically, and these changes profoundly affect our ability to build or improve infrastructure and utilities, especially large projects.
The number of regulations that need to be met, the time it takes to comply with these regulations, and the ability of these regulations to stymie projects have all increased over time. Environmental reviews and activism can shut down projects or delay them interminably. A litigation culture jeopardizes any project that doesn't yield high benefits and near-zero risks. Add to this city and state pension obligations that make financing large infrastructure investments out of reach for many governments.
These developments have dramatically increased the amount of money and time it takes to build infrastructure and utility projects. So much so that today we'd be unable to build the iconic projects that once defined the American can-do spirit.
The bemoaned political gridlock is a symptom of these changes rather than the cause of our infrastructure and utilities woes. Until we recognize this, it will be hard to make meaningful progress.
Many argue that strict regulations, public pensions and legal recourse make America healthier, safer, greener and more equitable, but there are tradeoffs to these perceived benefits. These factors contribute to our inability to build infrastructure and utilities like we used to.
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How Many People Should be in Prison?
No easy answer, but here's how to think about the question
It's common to have a conversation about criminal justice reform that includes an anxious reference to the "mass incarceration crisis." But as legal academic John Pfaff points out in his new book "Locked In," the phrase might actually be meaningless because we don't know the right number of offenders to incarcerate. For instance, there are 43,000 people occupying Michigan prisons right now. Is that "mass incarceration?" If so, what is "normal incarceration" and how do we get there? There's no clear answer to these questions, but here's how to approach about the issue.
First, determining the "right number of people" metric is influenced by your point of view on more fundamental criminal justice questions. If you're a prison abolitionist who believes prisons are innately corrupting and harmful to society, your "right number" metric is practically zero. But if you're a "tough-on-crime" proponent who sees long sentences as an effective means to deter criminal activity, your "right number" would be much larger.
Second, while reformers across the spectrum tend to agree that the incarceration rate is too high, there is no consensus on how to scale it back. And here is where the complexities of the problem of calculating the right number of offenders to incarcerate start to appear. Dozens of variables contribute to the size of the prison population, and they are all quite difficult to measure.
Take the idea of justice, for example. The state punishes offenders on behalf of their victims, but it's not always clear what sentence will produce the appropriate amount of justice. If a store is robbed, is justice served to the store owner if the offender is given a two-year sentence or five-year sentence? Compounding the problem is the fact that plea bargaining introduces even more uncertainty about how long — or even whether — any given offender will serve time. Is justice served when pleas are bargained down?
This uncertainty persists at every level of the criminal justice system. Once the offender enters prison, it is true that incarcerating him averts any crimes he might have otherwise committed, but we should always ask: Is this the most effective way to improve public safety or are there better alternatives? We have no way of counting the averted crimes, and some research suggests that incarcerating people for too long may induce them to commit crimes later that they otherwise might not have committed.
Decisions about when and how a person can be released from prison are also fraught with complexity. Michigan's "truth-in-sentencing" policy means that a prisoner will serve every day of the minimum sentence imposed by the judge at trial. But, after that, it's up to the parole board to decide whether and when to release a prisoner before he has served the maximum statutory punishment for his offense. What factors should the board take into account in making the release decision? Is there some point after which keeping a prisoner incarcerated will do more long-term harm than good? Should we expect imprisonment to reform convicts or just mete out punishment?
Finally, budgetary concerns often impact all of the issues raised above. If the price tag gets too high, the question must shift from the right number of offenders to incarcerate to the right type of offender to release, which is a different question that requires a different analysis. The state only has so much money and how much to spend on the criminal justice system is up to legislators who have competing priorities to consider.
All of these factors and more influence the size of the prison population and should be accounted for in discussions about how to determine the optimal number of prisoners. Questions about how well and when prison works and weighing that against other budget constraints is difficult. But understanding these and other factors at work in the criminal justice system is crucial to resolving not only our collective concern about the size of the prison population, but also every other perceived inefficiency or idea for improvement.
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On Cigarette Tax Evasion, I Told You So
Additional four million packs to be smuggled into Minnesota next year
In 2015 I was graciously invited to testify before a Minnesota state committee on taxes regarding an automatic tax inflator for cigarettes. The invitation was a result of my decade long investigation — in partnership with professor and economist Todd Nesbit — of cigarette excise taxes and their impact on illicit activity, most notably tax evasion. I told the committee what it apparently did not want to hear: that their recent tax increase and associated tax inflator would lead to rampant smuggling.
In my testimony I outlined the mountain of research showing a causal link between smuggling, high excise rates and tax differentials on cigarettes between states. At the time I could only report that the North Star State had the 16th highest smuggling rate in the nation. The data was not yet available to measure the impact of the 130 percent excise tax increase imposed in 2013. Using our statistical model we forecasted that smuggling would leap to 32.9 percent of the overall market from just 18 percent.
Most Minnesota lawmakers were completely dismissive of my concerns and perhaps even more so when I asserted that smuggling would only get worse as the state's tax inflator raised the overall price of cigarettes. Since that February day the evidence has borne out my forecast and more. The implicit admission by the state of smuggling trouble came that same winter when the governor's proposed budget said that 40 percent of inspections of Minnesota retailers "resulted in either a seizure or assessment related to the discovery of untaxed tobacco products."
Using our statistical model with data from 2015, we estimate that Minnesota's smuggling rate will increase to 37.4 percent of the total market over the next year, or almost 1.5 percent points above our last estimate.
This should surprise no one. The state currently imposes a combined excise and in lieu sales tax of $3.59 per pack. Its neighbor, North Dakota, charges just 44 cents per pack. One doesn't need a doctorate in economics to recognize that both consumers and criminals are going to take advantage of the tax-induced price differentials to save a buck transiting state borders near and far.
Two men from Illinois recently pled guilty to charges in Minnesota for running a truckload of illegal smokes with a retail value of $78,000 over from Wisconsin last year. It was a record bust in the state but puny compared to those in other states. States with higher excise tax rates have seen arrests that discovered millions of dollars of smuggled cigarettes. On June 8, three Canadian citizens plead guilty to moving $17 million in illicit smokes from Kansas to New York, as one example.
Minnesota will probably see similar large-scale smuggling efforts in the near future, if they aren't already. After all, the state has guaranteed smugglers a high pay out with its high excise tax rate and automatic (upward) adjustments. We estimate that four million cigarettes will be trafficked into the state by casual users and by organized crime in the next year. The sources will range from North Dakota to North Carolina and even overseas, via mail and shipping containers. Illicit smokes acquired in Virginia have been found as far away as California.
Regrettably, cigarette smuggling isn't the only unintended consequence of the practice. Indeed, we've seen cigarette tax-related thefts of wholesalers and retailers, hijackings of cigarette laden trucks, counterfeiting of legitimate products (which are often adulterated like the Bath Tub Gin of the Prohibition Era), corruption of public officials and even murder-for-hire schemes. Most if not all of this behavior can be laid at the feet of high cigarette excise taxes.
The first step in addressing the problems I cite above is to repeal the automatic inflator on cigarette taxes. As I predicted years ago for Minnesota, automatic tax hikes will lead to automatic increases in tax-related lawlessness.
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'Trough Truce' on Display in Latest Debate on Corporate Welfare
Latest business subsidy gets bipartisan support and some opposition
Lawmakers agreed last Wednesday to deliver $200 million of taxpayer dollars to businesses selected by politicians and the governor is expected to sign the bills into law. This is a waste of money. Ostensibly this is to create jobs, but this plan won't work and creates an unfair playing field.
It may seem strange that government spending interests were almost entirely silent on the issue. One might reasonably expect public school officials, university leaders, local government groups, hospitals and other recipients of government funding to oppose plans to hand over taxpayer money to select companies. Their silence is evidence of the "trough truce:" interest groups who rely on government money agree not to complain about other groups receiving government money. These same interest groups came out in full force opposing a modest decrease in the state income tax. So it seems they are fine with handing out select subsidies to certain businesses but against letting all taxpayers keep a slightly larger sliver of more of their own money.
Some of the state's left-leaning organizations opposed the bills, though. The Michigan League for Public Policy, which advocates for progressive policies and a large government employee union, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Council 25, officially opposed the bill in committee, though they did not explain why. Progress Michigan put out a comment in June against it.
But skepticism from a wide array of organizations was not enough to convince lawmakers.
Some argued that the state needed more goodies to "compete" with favors offered by other states. Yet Michigan offers tons of incentives already. The latest budget contained $136 million in select subsidies. The state expects to transfer an additional $627 million from taxpayers to businesses from old deals in the upcoming year.
The question is what Michigan residents get for all of that spending. The answer is not very much. Economists have used sophisticated tools to tease out the effects and mostly find negative results.
That means the new spending won't deliver the "the strongest possible future" for the state, as the governor stated. Nor will it result "in a stronger economy and more robust neighborhoods and communities," as the president of Business Leaders for Michigan, Doug Rothwell, remarked.
Spending on these business subsidies is perhaps the most wasteful thing the state government does. Prison spending, for instance, pays to incarcerate people the justice system has determined need to be removed from society. Education spending, for all its inefficiencies, ensures nearly all kids are enrolled in a school from six to 18. Business subsidies given for economic development purposes, however, do not develop the economy.
But there's another reasons to oppose these types of deals: they are unfair to the businesses that don't get special treatment from the state. Businesses operate in a competitive environment and taxpayer cash can tip the scales in favor of one business over another. These deals create an environment where one business could be indirectly subsidizes its competitor.
Not all lawmakers bought into the program. There were 22 Republicans and 13 Democrats that opposed the bills in the House and five Republicans that opposed it in the Senate. That is an improvement from the Granholm years when opposition to taking money from everyone and delivering it to select business owners received only a handful of legislative naysayers.
The support for business subsidies is narrow: The people handing out the new deals and the people receiving them obviously like it. The opposition should be broad and it was good to see diverse groups opposing it. Perhaps if the trough truce was broken there would have been enough weight to oppose this latest waste of taxpayer money.
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July 14, 2017 MichiganVotes weekly roll call report
The Legislature met for one day this week, for the purpose of authorizing a new round of state subsidies for certain corporations. The next session day is scheduled for Aug. 16.
Senate Bill 242, Authorize giving state revenue to a few particular corporations: Passed 71 to 35 in the House
To authorize giving up to $200 million worth of state tax revenue to certain business owners, in particular a foreign company said to be involved in iPhone manufacture. Earlier this year the Legislature also authorized up to $1.8 billion in state payouts to companies owned by Detroit developer Dan Gilbert and possibly some others.
Who Voted "Yes" and Who Voted "No"
Senate Bill 244, Require state disclose which companies get of selective corporate subsidies: Passed 71 to 35 in the House
To require the state agency in charge of granting special corporate tax breaks and subsidies to disclose the companies that receive the cash payments authorized by Senate Bill 242 (previous bill).
The agency has claimed that some $9 billion in ongoing corporate handouts authorized by an earlier subsidy program called MEGA are exempt from disclosure, citing the same tax return confidentiality provisions that apply to regular taxpayers. (Around half of those payments are reportedly collected by the Big Three automakers.) An amendment to also disclose details of those handouts was defeated on a voice vote.
Who Voted "Yes" and Who Voted "No"
SOURCE: MichiganVotes.org, a free, non-partisan website created by the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, providing concise, non-partisan, plain-English descriptions of every bill and vote in the Michigan House and Senate. Please visit http://www.MichiganVotes.org.
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Special Needs Families Deserve Transparency
Posting ISD special education plans enables sound decisions
Great power and funding entail great responsibility. This principle needs broader application to Michigan's 56 intermediate school districts, which wield big budgets but tend to operate outside the limelight.
ISDs have grown responsible for a steadily larger share of the state's public school finances, though most are run by boards that aren't democratically elected. These education agencies combined spent more than $1.6 billion in 2015-16, nearly 10 percent of all K-12 current operating expenditures. Yet these agencies serve less than 1 percent of the state's public school students directly.
Though there is no cookie-cutter version of an ISD, each one typically provides some level of back-office support to school districts and runs programs for alternative and vocational education. One primary purpose of ISDs is to oversee the design and provision of special education services, according to what individual students may need. Most of the agencies directly serve students with certain types of disabilities. But they may also let local districts deliver certain services to their own students, or to a group of students within the ISD that has a specific special need.
As a result, ISDs typically produced special education plans that outline who is responsible for diagnosing students, educating them based on their diagnosis and transporting them to the sites where services are delivered. These documents provide a general overview of the available resources that caregivers need to select the correct educational track for children. They are updated periodically as changes occur in the ISDs, but rarely change on a yearly basis.
Each year ISDs collect nearly a billion dollars in local taxes that account for a significant share of Michigan special education funding. The ISD plans spell out the priorities for receiving local funding. Some even limit local dollars to financing services for students who live within ISD boundaries.
To help understand the diverse functions and intricacies, we set out to obtain copies of all 56 ISD special education plans. Many of the searches were unfruitful. Some ISDs post these plans on their websites for easy access, but nearly half did not post the documents. Instead, we had to turn to the Michigan Department of Education to find the missing plans. When all is completed, gathering these documents will have taken over a month.
Schools exist to educate children and give them the tools necessary to thrive as future adults. Many children require special education services, and the ISDs should work to make this as simple and transparent as possible. No parent should spend their valuable time digging for information when it can be easily provided. This problem has a simple, easy solution that would improve the planning experience for all involved.
With cheap and available web storage, every ISD should be able to post the current special education plan on its website. The alternative is filing Freedom of Information Act requests, which can take weeks to be filled. Busy parents need immediate access to plan and prepare for the school year.
ISDs should add special education plans to the important financial documents and information they and other districts already have to post online. Parents, teachers and support staff should also be able to easily locate these plans in order to inform important decisions that benefit the children and families involved.
Michigan's ISDs have a lot of control over the educational opportunities available to students with special needs. Making special education plans easily accessible is a small, commonsense way to give parents more power and show greater openness and trust.
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'But For' Can't Be Proved: Corporate Welfare is a Waste
New MEGA not costless, despite assurances
State lawmakers are considering a new package of legislation that would provide fiscal favors to companies selected by Lansing bureaucrats for special treatment. Among the arguments made in favor of the program is that it is costless because without the incentive the jobs wouldn't be created in the first place. In other words, it's performance-based.
This was the same argument sold to skeptical lawmakers and others for the failed Michigan Economic Growth Authority program. It was known as the "but for" argument: But for these incentives the company would not have located here, therefore, these deals are a net plus for Michigan. This is not exactly true and this is explained in the blog article, "MEGA Tax Credits Are Not Without Cost," and elsewhere.
We have dubbed the proposed legislation "New MEGA" for the similarities it has with the original MEGA law.
The fact is apologists for these corporate welfare programs can't prove a business moves to or expands in Michigan because of these incentives. They just rely on the assurances of executives in front of whom they have dangled millions of dollars.
At a June 14 hearing about the proposed New MEGA, the same "but for" arguments were made. Watch the video to see all of them or read the sample below:
State Sen. Jim Stamas, R-Midland: "This is not a MEGA. This does not take other taxpayer dollars and put it somewhere else. This is about collecting the dollars from the jobs that are actually created within it."
He also said, "On top of that please write down, if there's no jobs, there's no money. No jobs equals no money for anybody making that investment."
State Rep. Peter Lucido, R-Shelby Township: "The only money that's gonna be out is only money that would come as a result of a new job. The job doesn't fit the mold we didn't lose anything did we?"
Derek Nofz, Southwest Michigan First: "It doesn't take any current money. You have to create new jobs. It is only new revenue coming in."
None of these men attempted to prove that incentives truly made the difference. By contrast, testimony from economist Tim Bartik of the Upjohn Institute suggested that by one measure, only 6 percent of "incented location decisions" are tipped by the incentive. Any money handed out to companies that would have expanded, relocated or invested in Michigan without the extra, special tax deals is likely just a waste of money, from the perspective of taxpayers.
One analysis of the old MEGA program found that deals from 2005 through 2011 only delivered about 2.3 percent of their promised job creation. Five studies of the MEGA program have been performed and four found a zero to negative impact. One found a positive effect, though a small one. A study from Kansas about a program in that state with close characteristics to the New MEGA proposal showed that the program also did not create jobs.
Not a single proponent of this legislation presented scholarly evidence that New MEGA would actually work or perform better than its failed predecessors. It is just assumed that it will despite much evidence to the contrary. The proposal should not be adopted until its champions can prove otherwise.
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Gov. Rick Snyder is hoping that a package of corporate handout bills already passed by the state Senate (Senate Bills 242-244) will likewise be adopted by the House as early as next week. The proposal reads a lot like the old, failed Michigan Economic Growth Authority that cost taxpayers billions of dollars with little to show, at the expense of perhaps more wisely funded programs.
The legislation represents another profoundly unfair attempt by Lansing politicians to transfer wealth from the many to a few elites. This philosophy that favors corporations over everything else is not only unfair, it is ineffective and should be rejected. We should return to a "fair field and no favors" approach to economic growth.
The legislation would give a few cherry-picked corporations a percentage of the tax revenue that new employees would normally pay to the government. This means tax dollars that might be used to benefit all Michigan residents will only benefit politically connected, large corporations.
While this funding mechanism is a relatively new way to give corporate handouts in Michigan and differs from the way favors were paid out via the old MEGA program — in that case, via tax credits — this so-called "Good Jobs for Michigan" is basically MEGA 2. The new bill's text contains 12 instances of identical or near-identical language and concepts from its predecessor.
Regardless of the way favors are distributed, such bills represent a forced transfer of wealth from the many to a few. As the Mackinac Center has argued many times, government has nothing to give anyone it doesn't first take from someone else. This program could in effect redistribute $200 million over ten years, though future lawmakers can always expand the handouts once the program is in place, just as they did with the original MEGA law.
Such transfers do more than provide special fiscal favors for the benefit of big businesses. They also place at a disadvantage potential competitors who were not fortunate enough to get government goodies. Imagine working day and night to grow your family business only to discover that Lansing bureaucrats have offered your tax dollars to a competitor. Few things seem more unfair.
Yet despite this, some still say this legislation is basically costless. They say that without this bill and its subsidies, the selected companies would not create jobs or create them here, so the diverted/gifted tax revenue wouldn't be generated anyway. But they can't prove this.
They are simply relying on the word of corporate executives in front of whom they have dangled millions of dollars in incentives and the development agencies interested in handing out the loot. This way of thinking is naïve and not backed by evidence.
In 1995, one of the first MEGA deals ever struck went to the Walden Book Company, Inc. Company executives were required by law to say that it was MEGA that made the difference in their decision to move to Michigan. Yet reporters learned that the company president had put down a deposit on a home in the Ann Arbor area before MEGA was ever approved. The company was likely coming here anyway and just went shopping for state favors, which lawmakers gave it. It went on to file for bankruptcy in 2011, ultimately erasing jobs allegedly created by MEGA. "Costless" indeed.
In addition to being unfair, these programs are ineffective. A 2014 analysis of a similar program in Kansas revealed that companies who received favors created no more employment than like companies who had not. The Michigan MEGA program has been analyzed five times by scholars and four of the studies showed the program has had zero positive impact, or even negative impact, on the economy. Only one study found a positive impact, but only a small one.
The absence of hard, empirical evidence proving programs such as MEGA 2 will be effective highlights a cold truth about those working to pass the legislation. Their worldview, or philosophy, seems to be a corporatist one, where politically favored companies matter most and they get to play by different rules than everyone else.
So, what is the alternative? Economies have been developing themselves for millennia, free of government intervention. The people of Michigan have been founding good businesses that create good jobs without government tax tomfoolery since before we were a state. If the government simply got out of the way and stopped taking money from some of us to give to a few politically-connected friends, we'd create even more and we'd all be better off for it.
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Paris Was a Bad Deal for the US
Greens agreed with Trump on Paris before he pulled out
After President Trump's decision in June to withdraw the United States from the Paris climate agreement, various environmental groups, celebrities and politicians engaged in a string of hysterical condemnations. Former President Barack Obama characterized the decision as an "absence of American leadership," while former Vice President Al Gore called it "reckless and indefensible."
Billionaire activist Tom Steyer, who ironically made much of his money in international coal markets, referred to Mr. Trump's decision as a "traitorous act of war against the American people." An environmental special interest group, Friends of the Earth U.S., demanded that all nations "assert heavy economic and diplomatic pressure to compel the Trump administration to take serious climate action." Environmental activist and author Bill McKibben called the move a "repudiation of two of the civilizing forces on our planet: diplomacy and science."
Media reports from the recent G-7 meeting of environmental ministers in Italy ladled it on further, worrying that in the wake of the Paris decision, the U.S. is becoming increasingly isolated in the world climate arena. This disturbing isolation was apparently confirmed when EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt declined to sign on to a string of 18 climate-focused paragraphs in the meeting report.
Of course, it isn't surprising that other nations are upset with the United States for pulling out of the agreement, since U.S. taxpayers were expected to foot much of the bill. Furthermore, the more we hinder our economy with restrictive environmental rules, the better able other nations are to compete with us in international markets.
The Paris agreement, which was approved by the Obama administration in December 2015, committed the United States to a 28 percent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2025, based on a 2005 benchmark. The agreement further committed the U.S. to pouring billions of dollars into a UN-administered Green Climate Fund. It also required us to submit new plans for increasingly strict reductions of greenhouse gas every five years.
But while we limit our ability to compete internationally and pour billions more into the UN's coffers, our major competitors in world markets – China, India, and Russia – really only agreed to continue growing their economies, unencumbered by any need to cut energy use, for the foreseeable future.
Attacks from environmentalists and activist climate researchers are also confusing, given that so many of them also attacked the Paris agreement as a farce when it was signed in December 2015. Today they claim the agreement is practically essential for life on earth to continue, but in December 2015, the so-called father of global warming, James Hansen, described the agreement as a fraud.
McKibben panned the agreement as being 20 years out of date – better suited to 1995 than 2015. He also argued that the agreement fell short because it was designed to do only just "enough to keep both environmentalists and the fossil fuel industry from complaining too much," as it agreed to unenforceable, modest and voluntary pledges instead of strict and mandatory cuts in greenhouse gas emissions.
In reality their initial critiques of the agreement were correct; Paris did fall short. But not necessarily in the way these green critics thought. If followed to the letter, the agreement would have only slowed predicted worldwide warming by a nearly imperceptible 0.2 degrees Celsius in 2100, according to researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Paris was a bad deal for our country. It would have had little to no real environmental impact, it would have soaked up billions in limited tax dollars, and it would have given our major economic competitors a substantial competitive advantage over us.
The United States has achieved greater cuts in greenhouse gas emissions than any other developed nation in recent history. We have better environmental performance and are economically better off without this unnecessary restraint.
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by Kathleen, a Patriot Blogger
On a friday night in October, while the leaves were falling and the pumpkins were grinning, Mason was celebrating Madness…:
When you think of high school, the image that comes to mind includes the football games and school spirit. It's a misconception that spirit is only an important factor in high school, because it is just as important in college, if not even more for larger schools. Mason Madness was an awesome opportunity to see students get decked out in gold and green, including (but definitely not limited to) hair dye, face paint, wacky leg wear, and even shiny wigs! Since the key song this year is Party Rock Anthem by LMFAO, every student and parent is familiar with the song, making it a common ground between diverse students scattered around campus with varying schedules.
So, my floor mates and I are excited for basketball season (especially myself since I come from a high school with no more than six hundred students total)! Everyone's stocking up on green and gold, taking advantage of the sales in the Bookstore, and practicing hand-eye coordination with our pom-poms.
I recommend that any prospective student or family come out and experience a basketball game; whether it's to visit the Patriot Center, feel the electric atmosphere of our Mason Nation, or come to realize the importance of college spirit, it's definitely an experience worth having and sharing by commenting on this blog!

subset: commoncrawl


text: Parliamentary Republic. Which means they have both a President and a Prime Minister. Retrieved from "http://politics.answers.wikia.com/wiki/What_kind_of_government_does_Hungary_have?oldid=4137" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Politics Answered questions Add category Cancel Save


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North Korea tested its first ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile) on Tuesday to coincide with American Independence Day.
On one side of the Pacific, patriotic Americans shoot explosive devices into the air while large crowds of people gather round to watch the colourful lights scatter across the night's sky (all in the name of freedom and liberty). On the other side of the water, Kim Jong-un reminds us of his relentless desire to appear intimidating by shooting a gigantic rocket nearly 2000 miles in the air for the sole reason of claiming the far reaches of Alaska are now within striking distance.
North Korea is quickly establishing itself as the Bogeyman of world powers, with their infamous leader beginning to look more like a spoilt kid playing a computer game than the glorious leader of Mother Korea. I can't say I blame him for pushing the boundaries, it's hard to imagine what it would like to be in his tiny shoes, though I'd love to believe he spends his time like the parody version of himself found in 2014 hit film The interview. Maybe that's why there was such a strong response to that film. Maybe everything was a little bit too accurate.
The USA and South Korea responded to the missile launch in the most dick swinging way possible, by launching their very own ballistic missile drill not long after. Mr Trump has also threatened a "very severe" response to what he called "very, very bad behaviour. I'll tell you what I want to see, I want to see Kim and Donald sit down together over a nice cold beverage and try to find some common ground to put an end to this relentless "my dick is bigger than yours" contest. To be honest, I doubt either would go into that contest with high hopes anyway.
The whole North Korea situation is getting quite ridiculous. I don't fully understand how diplomacy works, but I'm guessing the first step is to have some form of communication between the two countries to try and establish what everyone wants out the situation. I find it hard to believe anyone wants violent retaliation to these frequent North Korean missile tests but maybe that's exactly what the North Koreans want. North Korea rests nicely on an unquestionable hatred for the United States, so any form of retaliation further fuels the burning hatred.
This is all speculation, but until someone sits down with Kim or his advisors, we continue this pointless speculation about what should, could, but most likely won't be done to counter their aggression. It looks like North Korea will continue their activity until peaceful, or violent, action is taken.


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About FatFingers
- Birthday 01/12/1971
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Dunblane, Scotland
FatFingers liked a post in a topic: Fokker DR 1 Building log
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in CAD and 3D Modelling/Drafting Plans with SoftwareHi Mark. Thank you. I hope the info is of some use. I've been keeping up with your posts on the ship and I'm looking forward to seeing, and perhaps reading, the results of your researches with great anticipation.
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in CAD and 3D Modelling/Drafting Plans with SoftwareHi Mark, Tiffs, BMPs or JPEGs should be useable as intermediate formats to use with Inkscape conversion. TIFF's and BMP's can be very big though. There would be no need to set white to transparent. See below, two screen grabs from my very cheap CAD program - it's certainly not AutoCAD. Produced after importing into Inkscape, tracing bitmap (under the Path menu) and importing into the CAD program. (I have a passing fascination with the HMYRC, you might notice.)
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in CAD and 3D Modelling/Drafting Plans with SoftwareHi Mark, I've tried a quick conversion to SVG in Inkscape, unfortunately the website won't allow me to upload it as an SVG file. It does work however, and, I think, quite effectively.
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in CAD and 3D Modelling/Drafting Plans with SoftwareHi Mark, Bitmap (probably more correctly termed raster formats) image formats represent the image as a fixed grid of pixels with a colour component per pixel, and possibly transparency which is the apha channel. Drawing formats, like CAD formats and SVG (Scalar Vector Graphic), represent the image/drawing as a series of primitives, lines, curves etc. As you scale a bitmap image it will become pixelated, while a drawing will simple redraw, accurately, at larger resolution; zoom in to a CAD drawing as compared to zooming in to a digital photograph. The example was done in GIMP. There is an option under the color menu item for 'color to alpha'. Using white as the color to treat as alpha/transparency produces that effect. GIMP has it's own file format, so you have to export the image as something like a PNG which will include transparency. JPG will not allow transparency. Because your carving drawings are black and white (or nearly) Inkscape may be able to do a good conversion from the formats produced by your scanner to SVG, if your scanner doesn't produce SVGs anyway (would depend on how expensive, if it can do things like character recognition for example). There are also online converters but you might have to pay. Also, JPG format is lossy, that is to say it uses compression that loses detail; whilest PNG is loss less, it uses compression that does not lose detail. Hope I've been of help.
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in CAD and 3D Modelling/Drafting Plans with SoftwareIt would depend on what your image format is from the scanner. With a number of the image editing programs you can set a particular colour to transparent. (Try Gnu Image Manipulation Program, GIMP - I know awful name, but it is a good program). Something like that may be what you are looking for and would work for the bitmap type formats. You'd have to save it in the correct format as well, JPGs don't do transparent, PNG's and BMPs do. If you want a drawing rather than a bitmap try Inkscape. Import from your scanned image and convert to SVG. The drawings of the carvings would then be scalable as well. I think most CAD software should be able to deal with SVG's now. Hope you don't mind my attempt at a quick example.
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in Building, Framing, Planking and plating a ships hull and deckA quick search on Google has turned up another painting by Cleveley of HMY Royal Caroline. https://www.bonhams.com/magazine/16555/ The text also makes mention of yet another painting in the Victoria Art Gallery, Bath. Not sure if you have seen these. The painting listed by Bonhams does show a red chimney too, but I can't make out the deck colour. Relative to the original question, there was a floor covering used during the 19th century called floorcloth or oilcloth. This consisted to canvas with linseed oil based paint troweled on so that the canvas became saturated. Sometimes patterns were printed on top. It was waterproof and hard wearing. I'm not sure how far back production of floorcloth goes, but it went out of favor in the late 19th century as linoleum became the floor converging of choice other than carpet. However, Nairn's, the linoleum manufacturer, used to claim everyone from paupers to the Tsar's royal yacht used their floorcloth.
FatFingers replied to Mark P's topic in Building, Framing, Planking and plating a ships hull and deckPossibly, if the decks were teak they would go grey with exposure to the elements.
FatFingers replied to Spaceman Spiff's topic in Shore LeaveWho was wearing the suit in the Patterson Gimlin film of 67 and who made the suit.
FatFingers replied to JohnE's topic in Nautical General DiscussionInteresting images of the scars caused by the anchor, but also the damage caused to the hawsehole by the anchor chain. I assume they've had to use a chain because of modern maritime regulations, but it does look to be causing some harm. She'll need a refit on return.
FatFingers replied to JesseLee's topic in Wood discussionHi Jesse, Probably maple, or sycamore rather than beech. As Duff says, beech is seldom used in musical instruments but maple certainly is. Beech is also rather pink in colour. Check the Wood Database here http://www.wood-database.com/
FatFingers replied to roach101761's topic in Modeling tools and Workshop EquipmentI've abandoned X-actos in favor of violin maker's knives. They have no handle at all, just a long piece of steel with a beveled end for the blade kept sharp on a fine combination stone and strop with green paste.
FatFingers replied to Frank Cook's topic in Nautical/Naval HistoryCuriously, the figure head may represent Hercules who was often depicted wearing a lion skin and wielding a club. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules


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Home » Directory » Delhi » New Delhi » Business » Industrial Goods » Fittings
Fittings in New Delhi
Latest Website Listings
- DISHA Group Manufacturers and Exporters of ENERGYMAN Brand range of Low Voltage Switchgear products and other electrical products.
- MICRO MESH INDIA PVT. LTD. MICRO MESH INDIA PVT. LTD. is acknowledged as one of the leading manufacturers, exporters, importers, suppliers and service providers in the business of wire and wire mesh products. We are honored with ISO 9001:2008 certification as the products that we deal in are of high and efficient quality. We offer a wide range in our products which includes Crimped Wire Mesh, Welded Wire Mesh, Fibreglass Mesh, Window Insect Screen, Perforated Metal Sheet, Expanded Metal Sheet, etc.
- Shree Nursingsahay Mudungopal Engineers Private Limited Manufacturer and exporter of electrical appliances including power distribution transformers, circuit breakers, wires and cables, protection relays, servo voltage stabilizers, industrial lighting fixtures and uninterrupted power supply (ups).
- M. G. Worldwide Merchant exporter of construction equipment and tools, building hardware, scaffolding steel panel and accessories , construction glass, pipes and pipe fittings, bicycle parts, chemicals, sesame seeds & more.
- Apollo Pipes ltd From modest beginning in 2000 when our first unit of the manufacturing of uPVC Pipes was set up Apollo Pipes Pvt. Ltd. has grown from strength to strength over the years. We have been expanding and diversifying rapidly and today we have been recognized as one of the leading.
- Iftc India Foreign Trading Co. With extreme pride we, India Foreign Trading Co., introduce ourselves as a trusted and reliable unit engaged in manufacturing a wide of range of metal products that caters to the requirements of metal industry and building hardware applications.
- Berlia Cables Berlia Cables is a highly reputed company, counted among the best companies, manufacturing cables and PVC rigid conduit pipes. We deal into the manufacturing of a variety of cables and wires.Established in 1975 by Mr. B.D. Berlia, Millennium Year 2000 was our Silver Jubilee Year, which wouldnt have been possible but for the support of our satisfied and loyal clients, who have immense faith in our products.
- GT Cargo Fittings India Pvt. Ltd Over the last few years the company has invested heavily in CNC sewing and cutting machines for the production of webbing products under the trade name of Euroweb. In addition to the production of complete ratchet webbing assemblies we also manufacture the webbing slings.The company is dedicated to supply good quality products.We have in-house test facilities that include a fifty ton horizontal test rig.
- Airport Global Technical Solutions Private Limited Manufacturer of all types of electrical switchgear panels and airfield ground lighting. Also providing all kinds of maintenance services of electrical utilities.
- Powercam Electricals Private Limited Manufacturers of busbar supports, insulators, DMC, SMC, epoxy components, switchgears, control panels, switchboards, panel boards, bus ducts, rising mains and other electrical components.
- Reiz Electrocontrols Private Limited Manufacturers of energy efficient architectural lighting systems for indoor and outdoor usage on modern lamp sources of halogen, cfl, ftl, metal halide, xenon, led etc
- Bellrite Corporation Suppliers of Heating Elements, Brass Flanges, Ceramic Parts, Brass Nuts, Stainless Steel Nuts, Connectors, Terminals.
- PERFECT ENGINEERING SERVICES Enriched by keen industrial knowledge and understanding, Perfect Engineering Services is counted among the most reckoned business entity. Established in the year 2006, we have carved a niche for ourselves in the domain of industrial components.
- Newtech Switchgear Manufacturer and exporter of MCBs, MCB isolaters, circuit breakers, electrical components, MCB distribution boards, MCB distribution box, MCB isolator, miniature circuit breaker, electric motor starter.
- Hindustan Switch Private Limited, Delhi Manufacturer, supplier and distributor of selector switches, iron thermostats, rod thermostate, circuit breakers and capillary thermostate.
- ISHITA ISPAT With a mission to become the most reputed organization, offering undisputed quality products to customers, Ishita Ispat commenced its business operations in 2002. We are recognized as a leading manufacturer, exporter, supplier, and distributor of different types of highly durable and excellent products.
- AKG Group AKG Group of Companies established in the year of 1986 as an acknowledged leading producer of pipes, Fittings, Profiles and Engineering plastic extruded & molded products. A.K.G offers widest and most comprehensive range of plastic products in India.
- MOULD MASTERS Leveraging on our vast resources, talented professionals and upgraded technology, we, Mould Masters, are working round the clock to bring out the best in terms of our products and services. We consistently research to create technically advanced and innovative products and improvise the others.
- INOX Kitchen is considered to be the most important part of the house and therefore deserves those fittings and equipment that offer form, fashion and function. An ambient surroundings and sophisticated fittings and design of kitchen fittings create a healthy and mentally relaxing atmosphere inside the house.
- Original Products Private Limited Manufacturer of smps power supplyes, smps battery charger, cooler remote control, home light remote control, mp3 players and mp3 car stereos.
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Dr. Neha Kharod MD
- Internal Medicine Douglasville, GA
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Dr. Neha Kharod, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Douglasville, GA. She has 9 years of experience. Her specialties include Internal Medicine, Allergy and Hospitalist. She speaks English.
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25 July 2017
On 18-19 July, Belarus officially welcomed a delegation from the European parliament along with the Latvian foreign minister, who spoke up for Belarus's policy of neutrality. These developments are signs that Belarus's rapprochement with the EU and other Western structures continues.
The annual session of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly in Minsk on 5-7 July was a milestone in...
20 June 2017
Despite all of Minsk's efforts to present itself as a neutral country, some of its neighbours doubt not only its neutrality but even its sovereignty and commitment to peace. On 5 June, Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaitė described Belarus as a threat to the region; meanwhile, her foreign minister repeatedly alludes to the 'remnants of Belarusian sovereignty.'
Speaking on...
18 May 2017
On 9 May in Washington, in a presentation at the American think tank Atlantic Council, Belarusian deputy foreign minister Aleh Krauchanka emphasised the importance of Belarus-US security cooperation.
Meanwhile, numerous Eastern European officials from Western-alligned nations made statements about their...
11 April 2017
After a meeting with Alexander Lukashenka on 3 April in Saint Petersburg, Vladimir Putin announced that all oil and gas issues between the two countries had been resolved.
The media in Belarus reported on the Kremlin's concessions extensively. However, what Minsk will provide in return remains unclear. Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenka provided a clue when he said that the...
24 March 2017
During a meeting with defence minister Andrei Raukou on 20 March, president Alexander Lukashenka demanded 'absolute transparency' at the forthcoming West-2017 Belarusian-Russian military exercise. The Belarusian government is working to counter the negative repercussions of such a massive show of military force in the region.
These repercussions have certainly been felt. On 9...


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AS the gun debate rages in the US, it was revealed that Barack Obama loves shooting skeet at Camp David. Then a picture was produced . Then another one. What's with all the sudden shooting? Perhaps Obama is getting paranoid that the Government is trying take his guns? If anyone breaks into the White House, Obama will there to protect his kids and blow the invaders away. It's his Second Amendment rights, dammit!
Posted: 3rd, February 2013 | In: Politicians Comments (4) | Follow the Comments on our RSS feed: RSS 2.0 | TrackBack | Permalink


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Happy Holiday's from the Pocono's!!
Tuesday, December 30
Merry Christmas (if applicable) and Happy New Years to everyone!! As you may well know, I've been travelin a whole lot. That means when I'm back, not a ton of spare time to write. I'm sorry, I've been a slacker. So, let's just do a brief recap. The holiday's have been nice. Did the whole family bit for xmas morning. My mom, grandfather (the one still alive of course) and I opened presents, chatted and tried to make a nice breakfast. My big present was a Roomba! I know, how big of a nerd am I that I got excited about a vacuum for xmas?!?!? Well, my house has much much less dust bunnies in it, so I'm pretty psyched!
My mom was the big winner this year. She cleaned up with a new wide screen NAV for her car, wireless keyboard/laser mouse combo from Logitech, a new Toaster Oven with top loading feature. We got all excited and made toast!! Ha! My grandfather got a few nice items, but it was deff my mom that did the best!
That evening, it's time to take it to the Hash. I hafta go, I'm one of the hares. Well, I'm the GM, Hare, & Brew Crew tonight. It's a quiet night so not to difficult. Despite the cold, we have a decent turn out. Good hot cider check in front of quite possibly the tackiest house in the area!! They even had a troop of Santa's working out in the front yard on fitness equipment!! ha! Ending circle in the back room @ Buff D's = Good times!! I was in a bit of a holiday funk (or possibly still hungover from partying with the wait staff the night before) so I took it to the house early.
After resting all day Friday (ok so maybe I did some lunch and some shopping... hush!), and getting a good nights sleep I woke at the a$$ crack of dawn to get myself together for an awesome day of snowboarding!! The initial plan was Snowshoe mountain, but the flip of a coin changed that up to Camelback PA in the Pocono's. The trip up was lovely with good company and a BEAUTIFUL chariot by the name of an LR Discover Series II.
Arriving at the resort finds some nice chilly conditions, and the crowds not being too out of control. One lift ticket later, and I'm on the slopes trying to get used to my new boots and bindings. Well, I do kinda hate my old boots so some new ones were in order!! The conditions, as I mentioned earlier, are juuuust right! The crowds aren't bad. The lift lines are short, I didn't wait more then 5 minutes to get on a lift more then once! The weather is great. It's just warm enough that you can get away with out a jacket, but cold enough that the snow isn't really melting too much. Maybe the base is just THAT deep that it's not affecting it!
I have a few good runs covering most of the mountain then check out the terrain park. This place has two, one huge one (by east coast standards) and an additional half pipe on the other side of the mountain. I spend the bulk of my time playing in the half pipe trying to get my balance right to launch off the lip of the pipe, catch a little air, then switch stance drop down into the pipe, up the other side and repeat. Sometimes this goes well, some times I wind up on my a$$. But you know what? I'm not one of those weenies sitting on the side wishing I was trying it, I'm doing!!
As the day winds down and it starts to get dark, I'm getting a bit tired from the beating I've been taking from the half pipe. I've made progress today, some good air, my turns on the snow have gotten stronger, getting better at switching stances up to a 720 at decent speeds, all in all, it's been a great day. Time to head on to get a bite and then a house party!! Stopping at Wawa, I eat one of the most amazing sandwiches EVERY!! Such awesomeness that it will in fact get its own post! That's all I have to say about that!
I won't talk much of this house party, but I will say this... What a great group of people from all different age groups. There are activities, home made hooch tastings, an amazing spread of snacks, beers as far as the eye can see, and good times had by all. I got in on a few games of beer pong and tied the record for most wins in the house that night crushing the previews guys mercilessly!! What a great trip!
posted by Cptn S.A. Ho @ 12:12 PM,


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some of what you will see if you E-Mail
me and have me send you the ZIP file of Issue 10.
This issue is a banner issue in the history of Space Ninja. First off, the art is starting to gel. I spent a lot of time on the cover in order to create a really nice one. There is some perspective and some background. Another thing about this issue is that I discover that, even though it is not Stan Lee quality art, it is better than others. The reason I say this is because a half a page was drawn by a friend of mine named Mark Colvin. The issue itself takes time to develop some non-superhero characters, especially the character Hack, the cab driver. Hack has a role. Additionally, the Lt. Hextler character and his antagonism towards the Ninja is expanded. Finally, I create a villain who is fairly capable . . . in other words, a good bad guy.
We pick up where we left off in the last issue after Positor has escaped from Rykers Island. He has picked up some of his gear that he had hidden in one of Doctor Octagon's many hideouts and is now gunning for the Ninja. Meanwhile back at Sushi Slash's apartment, I continue to milk out the sad "reporter-for-the-Daily Bugle" bit with Jameson ranting. This gig is almost done with, but it festers for a few more issues. Essentially, why would a Ninja be working? The Ninja finds out that Positor has escaped and that he will be looking for him. Why that would be, I do not know. The fact of the matter is that Positor, having appeared in issue 4, should have been looking for Thunderball.
Anyway, Positor goes right back to what got him captured in the first place . . . robbing banks. I do the "bad guy gets in line and waits to hold up the cashier" bit. Like I've said before, the oldest bits are the best. During this time, he uses his magnetic powers to take the gun and badge from a guard. Unlike issue 4, I don't have the pants drop. Then the cops are called and Lt. Hextler tries to get assistance from S.H.I.E.L.D but is turned down, so he heads the attempt to capture the villain. This results in more public property being damaged. Space Ninja arrives just after all of the action is over (the norm), finding out where the action was by means of a compass. Pretty cheesy.
At Positor's hideout, Magnenson is watching Action News 11 where the reporter, drawn to look like Geraldo Rivera is talking about the history of the villain, punctuating the report by calling him an idiot. Needless to say, the villain is angry and sets off to get the man. However, just as he was getting ready to leave, the Ninja shows up because he knows where a lot of Octagon's old hideouts are as well. A fight ensues where the Ninja uses the battle pole, but because it has metal in it, Positor turns it against him. Smoke bombs are used and it is looking like a good fight when I cut away to EBC Excitement, which involves the cast and crew trying to give Tilley a bath. The reason I mention this is because on the next page, the guest artist starts. The dialogue is weak, the art crappy, and in general, I realize it was a mistake. Then again, it looked a lot like issues 1-5 so who am I to complain. Besides, I should feel a little bit flattered that someone else would want to draw for me. So the guest artist lasts six frames out of nine on a single page. Needless to say, Positor escapes, but he loses all of the money he stole from the bank.
While Positor begins making some modifications on his Magno-Braclets, the Ninja returns the money to Lt. Hextler, who again gives the Ninja a hassle. Our hero then catches a ride from Hack, the cabbie. During their conversation, we learn that his name is Joe, but he prefers to be called Hack. At home, the normal life again eludes the Ninja when his TV burns out and he misses the Equalizer (you know, the great CBS show about the old guy who helps people).
In order to make some more cash, Positor decides to attack a random person . . . which turns out to be Hack. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Plot Convenience Theatre. Now I want to pause here right now to say that the frame to your left is one that I'm really proud of. It's probably one of the best frames ever drawn in the Space Ninja comic. The real pleasure that I take in this frame is that it did not take me a long time to do. The cover of this issue took me three hours. In fact all of the well drawn shots in the series took a long time. To tell the truth, I cranked out one of these a month and to be honest, it took that long to draw each issue. Anyway, the smashed cab is my favorite.
Hack gets his anger groove on and attacks the villain with a wrench. Naturally the wrench gets taken from him by Positor's magnetic powers, but he gets in a good shot he calls a "Powerdrive" which he states he learned on Hulk Hogan's Rock and Wrestling (it was a crappy cartoon that ran on NBC in the late 80's). Even with the power of the Hulkster, he gets his ass beat, but before he can be put down, the Ninja shows up and proceeds to put the lock on the bad guy. He uses the exploding grapnel on Positor, but almost gets too cocky (imagine that) and nearly gets nailed by the special modifications the villain made to his equipment. He dodges a few but takes one. It isn't too bad and using a flash bomb, temporarily blinds Positor. Using this incapacitation, the Ninja slams the bad gut into a brick wall and the battle is over.
The cops show up and take the bad guy away. Naturally, Positor threatens to kill the Ninja. Hack is really bummed out about his cab, wondering how he will be able to support his family with his cab destroyed. But being the nice guy that he is, he invites the Ninja to dinner to meet his family and the Ninja accepts. Later, Slash gets a $700 paycheck for the report on the battle. Now I know this would never happens because freelance newspaper writers get paid by the column inch and not much at that, but hey, this is a friggin comic book.
If you couldn't see this one coming, the Ninja has a lovely dinner with Hack and his family including a conversation about his financial woes. The issue ends with the Ninja giving a car to Hack. Hey, sometimes I'm an old softy . . . a cheesy softy.
what can you expect to see in issue 11? The return of Doctor Octagon,
Beetlemania and an Evil Ninja. A fantastic assault on Rykers Island!
Lieutenant Hextler's past. A new super villain named Blaster . .
. plus plenty of action.