text:
出典: meddic
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/07/23 12:07:59」(JST)
wiki en[Wiki en表示]
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).[1] Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of bioengineering and biomedical engineering.
For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine.[2] The term itself is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st century, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene technologies, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.[2]
- 1 Definitions
- 2 History
- 3 Applications
- 3.1 Medicine
- 3.2 Agriculture
- 3.3 Industrial biotechnology
- 3.4 Regulation
- 4 Education
- 5 See also
- 6 References and notes
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
The wide concept of "biotech" or "biotechnology" encompasses a wide range of procedures (and history) for modifying living organisms according to human purposes, going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. The American Chemical Society defines biotechnology as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various industries to learning about the science of life and the improvement of the value of materials and organisms such as pharmaceuticals, crops, and livestock.[3] Biotechnology also writes on the pure biological sciences (animal cell culture, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, microbiology, and molecular biology). In many instances, it is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology including:
- bioinformatics, a new brand of computer science
- bioprocess engineering
- biorobotics
- chemical engineering
Conversely, modern biological sciences (including even concepts such as molecular ecology) are intimately entwined and heavily dependent on the methods developed through biotechnology and what is commonly thought of as the life sciences industry. Biotechnology is the research and development in the laboratory using bioinformatics for exploration, extraction, exploitation and production from any living organisms and any source of biomass by means of biochemical engineering where high value-added products could be planned (reproduced by biosynthesis, for example), forecasted, formulated, developed, manufactured and marketed for the purpose of sustainable operations (for the return from bottomless initial investment on R & D) and gaining durable patents rights (for exclusives rights for sales, and prior to this to receive national and international approval from the results on animal experiment and human experiment, especially on the pharmaceutical branch of biotechnology to prevent any undetected side-effects or safety concerns by using the products).[4][5][6]
By contrast, bioengineering is generally thought of as a related field that more heavily emphasizes higher systems approaches (not necessarily the altering or using of biological materials directly) for interfacing with and utilizing living things. Bioengineering is the application of the principles of engineering and natural sciences to tissues, cells and molecules. This can be considered as the use of knowledge from working with and manipulating biology to achieve a result that can improve functions in plants and animals.[7] Relatedly, biomedical engineering is an overlapping field that often draws upon and applies biotechnology (by various definitions), especially in certain sub-fields of biomedical and/or chemical engineering such as tissue engineering, biopharmaceutical engineering, and genetic engineering.
Although not normally what first comes to mind, many forms of human-derived agriculture clearly fit the broad definition of "'using a biotechnological system to make products". Indeed, the cultivation of plants may be viewed as the earliest biotechnological enterprise.
Agriculture has been theorized to have become the dominant way of producing food since the Neolithic Revolution. Through early biotechnology, the earliest farmers selected and bred the best suited crops, having the highest yields, to produce enough food to support a growing population. As crops and fields became increasingly large and difficult to maintain, it was discovered that specific organisms and their by-products could effectively fertilize, restore nitrogen, and control pests. Throughout the history of agriculture, farmers have inadvertently altered the genetics of their crops through introducing them to new environments and breeding them with other plants — one of the first forms of biotechnology.
These processes also were included in early fermentation of beer.[8] These processes were introduced in early Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India, and still use the same basic biological methods. In brewing, malted grains (containing enzymes) convert starch from grains into sugar and then adding specific yeasts to produce beer. In this process, carbohydrates in the grains were broken down into alcohols such as ethanol. Later other cultures produced the process of lactic acid fermentation which allowed the fermentation and preservation of other forms of food, such as soy sauce. Fermentation was also used in this time period to produce leavened bread. Although the process of fermentation was not fully understood until Louis Pasteur's work in 1857, it is still the first use of biotechnology to convert a food source into another form.
For thousands of years, humans have used selective breeding to improve production of crops and livestock to use them for food. In selective breeding, organisms with desirable characteristics are mated to produce offspring with the same characteristics. For example, this technique was used with corn to produce the largest and sweetest crops.[9]
In the early twentieth century scientists gained a greater understanding of microbiology and explored ways of manufacturing specific products. In 1917, Chaim Weizmann first used a pure microbiological culture in an industrial process, that of manufacturing corn starch using Clostridium acetobutylicum, to produce acetone, which the United Kingdom desperately needed to manufacture explosives during World War I.[10]
Biotechnology has also led to the development of antibiotics. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered the mold Penicillium. His work led to the purification of the antibiotic compound formed by the mold by Howard Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley - to form what we today know as penicillin. In 1940, penicillin became available for medicinal use to treat bacterial infections in humans.[9]
The field of modern biotechnology is generally thought of as having been born in 1971 when Paul Berg's (Stanford) experiments in gene splicing had early success. Herbert W. Boyer (Univ. Calif. at San Francisco) and Stanley N. Cohen (Stanford) significantly advanced the new technology in 1972 by transferring genetic material into a bacterium, such that the imported material would be reproduced. The commercial viability of a biotechnology industry was significantly expanded on June 16, 1980, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that a genetically modified microorganism could be patented in the case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty.[11] Indian-born Ananda Chakrabarty, working for General Electric, had modified a bacterium (of the Pseudomonas genus) capable of breaking down crude oil, which he proposed to use in treating oil spills. (Chakrabarty's work did not involve gene manipulation but rather the transfer of entire organelles between strains of the Pseudomonas bacterium.
Revenue in the industry is expected to grow by 12.9% in 2008. Another factor influencing the biotechnology sector's success is improved intellectual property rights legislation—and enforcement—worldwide, as well as strengthened demand for medical and pharmaceutical products to cope with an ageing, and ailing, U.S. population.[12]
Rising demand for biofuels is expected to be good news for the biotechnology sector, with the Department of Energy estimating ethanol usage could reduce U.S. petroleum-derived fuel consumption by up to 30% by 2030. The biotechnology sector has allowed the U.S. farming industry to rapidly increase its supply of corn and soybeans—the main inputs into biofuels—by developing genetically modified seeds which are resistant to pests and drought. By boosting farm productivity, biotechnology plays a crucial role in ensuring that biofuel production targets are met.[13]
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non food (industrial) uses of crops and other products (e.g. biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and environmental uses.
For example, one application of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms for the manufacture of organic products (examples include beer and milk products). Another example is using naturally present bacteria by the mining industry in bioleaching. Biotechnology is also used to recycle, treat waste, cleanup sites contaminated by industrial activities (bioremediation), and also to produce biological weapons.
A series of derived terms have been coined to identify several branches of biotechnology; for example:
- Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems using computational techniques, and makes the rapid organization as well as analysis of biological data possible. The field may also be referred to as computational biology, and can be defined as, "conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules and then applying informatics techniques to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale."[14] Bioinformatics plays a key role in various areas, such as functional genomics, structural genomics, and proteomics, and forms a key component in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector.
- Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare.
- Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example would be the selection and domestication of plants via micropropagation. Another example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environments in the presence (or absence) of chemicals. One hope is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions than traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this is the engineering of a plant to express a pesticide, thereby ending the need of external application of pesticides. An example of this would be Bt corn. Whether or not green biotechnology products such as this are ultimately more environmentally friendly is a topic of considerable debate.
- Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genetic manipulation.
- White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical. Another example is the using of enzymes as industrial catalysts to either produce valuable chemicals or destroy hazardous/polluting chemicals. White biotechnology tends to consume less in resources than traditional processes used to produce industrial goods.[citation needed] http://www.bio-entrepreneur.net/Advance-definition-biotech.pdf}
The investment and economic output of all of these types of applied biotechnologies is termed as "bioeconomy".
In medicine, modern biotechnology finds applications in areas such as pharmaceutical drug discovery and production, pharmacogenomics, and genetic testing (or genetic screening).
Pharmacogenomics (a combination of pharmacology and genomics) is the technology that analyses how genetic makeup affects an individual's response to drugs.[15] It deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity.[16] By doing so, pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects.[17] Such approaches promise the advent of "personalized medicine"; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup.[18][19]
Biotechnology has contributed to the discovery and manufacturing of traditional small molecule pharmaceutical drugs as well as drugs that are the product of biotechnology - biopharmaceutics. Modern biotechnology can be used to manufacture existing medicines relatively easily and cheaply. The first genetically engineered products were medicines designed to treat human diseases. To cite one example, in 1978 Genentech developed synthetic humanized insulin by joining its gene with a plasmid vector inserted into the bacterium Escherichia coli. Insulin, widely used for the treatment of diabetes, was previously extracted from the pancreas of abattoir animals (cattle and/or pigs). The resulting genetically engineered bacterium enabled the production of vast quantities of synthetic human insulin at relatively low cost.[20][21] Biotechnology has also enabled emerging therapeutics like gene therapy. The application of biotechnology to basic science (for example through the Human Genome Project) has also dramatically improved our understanding of biology and as our scientific knowledge of normal and disease biology has increased, our ability to develop new medicines to treat previously untreatable diseases has increased as well.[21]
Genetic testing allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases, and can also be used to determine a child's parentage (genetic mother and father) or in general a person's ancestry. In addition to studying chromosomes to the level of individual genes, genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders. Genetic testing identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins.[22] Most of the time, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. As of 2011 several hundred genetic tests were in use.[23][24] Since genetic testing may open up ethical or psychological problems, genetic testing is often accompanied by genetic counseling.
Genetically modified crops ("GM crops", or "biotech crops") are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.
Examples in food crops include resistance to certain pests,[25] diseases,[26] stressful environmental conditions,[27] resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to a herbicide[28]), reduction of spoilage,[29] or improving the nutrient profile of the crop.[30] Examples in non-food crops include production of pharmaceutical agents,[31] biofuels,[32] and other industrially useful goods,[33] as well as for bioremediation.[34][35]
Farmers have widely adopted GM technology. Between 1996 and 2011, the total surface area of land cultivated with GM crops had increased by a factor of 94, from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,600,000 km2 (395 million acres).[36] 10% of the world's crop lands were planted with GM crops in 2010.[36] As of 2011, 11 different transgenic crops were grown commercially on 395 million acres (160 million hectares) in 29 countries such as the USA, Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada, China, Paraguay, Pakistan, South Africa, Uruguay, Bolivia, Australia, Philippines, Myanmar, Burkina Faso, Mexico and Spain.[36]
Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. These techniques have allowed for the introduction of new crop traits as well as a far greater control over a food's genetic structure than previously afforded by methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding.[37] Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its Flavr Savr delayed ripening tomato.[38] To date most genetic modification of foods have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. These have been engineered for resistance to pathogens and herbicides and better nutrient profiles. GM livestock have also been experimentally developed, although as of November 2013 none are currently on the market.[39]
There is broad scientific consensus that food on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food.[40][41][42][43][44] GM crops also provide a number of ecological benefits, if not used in excess.[45] However, opponents have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including environmental concerns, whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.
Industrial biotechnology
Industrial biotechnology (known mainly in Europe as white biotechnology) is the application of biotechnology for industrial purposes, including industrial fermentation. It includes the practice of using cells such as micro-organisms, or components of cells like enzymes, to generate industrially useful products in sectors such as chemicals, food and feed, detergents, paper and pulp, textiles and biofuels.[46] In doing so, biotechnology uses renewable raw materials and may contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions and moving away from a petrochemical-based economy.[47]
The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the use of genetic engineering technology and the development and release of genetically modified organisms (GMO), including genetically modified crops and genetically modified fish. There are differences in the regulation of GMOs between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the USA and Europe.[48] Regulation varies in a given country depending on the intended use of the products of the genetic engineering. For example, a crop not intended for food use is generally not reviewed by authorities responsible for food safety.[49] The European Union differentiates between approval for cultivation within the EU and approval for import and processing. While only a few GMOs have been approved for cultivation in the EU a number of GMOs have been approved for import and processing. [50] The cultivation of GMOs has triggered a debate about coexistence of GM and nonGM crops. Depending on the coexistence regulations incentives for cultivation of GM crops differ.[51]
In 1988, after prompting from the United States Congress, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (National Institutes of Health) (NIGMS) instituted a funding mechanism for biotechnology training. Universities nationwide compete for these funds to establish Biotechnology Training Programs (BTPs). Each successful application is generally funded for five years then must be competitively renewed. Graduate students in turn compete for acceptance into a BTP; if accepted, then stipend, tuition and health insurance support is provided for two or three years during the course of their Ph.D. thesis work. Nineteen institutions offer NIGMS supported BTPs.[52] Biotechnology training is also offered at the undergraduate level and in community colleges.
See also
|Biotechnology portal
- Bioculture
- Bioeconomics (biophysical)
- Bioengineering
- Biomimetics
- Bionic architecture
- Biotechnology industrial park
- Competitions and prizes in biotechnology
- Genetic Engineering
- Green Revolution
- History of Biotechnology
- List of biotechnology articles
- List of biotechnology companies
- List of emerging biotechnologies
- Metabolic engineering
- NASDAQ Biotechnology Index
- Outline of biotechnology
- Pharmaceutical chemistry
- Pharmaceutical companies
- SWORD-financing
- Timeline of biotechnology
- Virotherapy
References and notes
- ^ Text of the CBD. CBD.int. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ a b "Incorporating Biotechnology into the Classroom What is Biotechnology?", from the curricula of the 'Incorporating Biotechnology into the High School Classroom through Arizona State University's BioREACH program', accessed on October 16, 2012). Public.asu.edu. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ Biotechnology. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ What is biotechnology?. Europabio. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ KEY BIOTECHNOLOGY INDICATORS (December 2011). oecd.org
- ^ Biotechnology policies – Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Oecd.org. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ What Is Bioengineering?. Bionewsonline.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ See Arnold, John P. (2005) [1911]. Origin and History of Beer and Brewing: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of Brewing Science and Technology. Cleveland, Ohio: BeerBooks. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-9662084-1-2. OCLC 71834130.
- ^ a b Thieman, W.J.; Palladino, M.A. (2008). Introduction to Biotechnology. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-321-49145-9.
- ^ Springham, D.; Springham, G.; Moses, V.; Cape, R.E. (24 August 1999). Biotechnology: The Science and the Business. CRC Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-90-5702-407-8.
- ^ "Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980). No. 79-139." United States Supreme Court. June 16, 1980. Retrieved on May 4, 2007.
- ^ VoIP Providers And Corn Farmers Can Expect To Have Bumper Years In 2008 And Beyond, According To The Latest Research Released By Business Information Analysts At IBISWorld. Los Angeles (March 19, 2008)
- ^ The Recession List — Top 10 Industries to Fly and Fl... (ith anincreasing share accounted for by ...), bio-medicine.org
- ^ Gerstein, M. "Bioinformatics Introduction." Yale University. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.
- ^ Ermak G., Modern Science & Future Medicine (second edition), 164 p., 2013
- ^ Wang L (2010). "Pharmacogenomics: a systems approach". Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 2 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1002/wsbm.42. PMID 20836007.
- ^ Becquemont L (June 2009). "Pharmacogenomics of adverse drug reactions: practical applications and perspectives". Pharmacogenomics 10 (6): 961–9. doi:10.2217/pgs.09.37. PMID 19530963.
- ^ "Guidance for Industry Pharmacogenomic Data Submissions" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. March 2005. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Squassina A, Manchia M, Manolopoulos VG, Artac M, Lappa-Manakou C, Karkabouna S, Mitropoulos K, Del Zompo M, Patrinos GP (August 2010). "Realities and expectations of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine: impact of translating genetic knowledge into clinical practice". Pharmacogenomics 11 (8): 1149–67. doi:10.2217/pgs.10.97. PMID 20712531.
- ^ Bains, W. (1987). Genetic Engineering For Almost Everybody: What Does It Do? What Will It Do?. Penguin. p. 99. ISBN 0-14-013501-4.
- ^ a b U.S. Department of State International Information Programs, "Frequently Asked Questions About Biotechnology", USIS Online; available from USinfo.state.gov, accessed 13 September 2007. Cf. Feldbaum, C. (February 2002). "Some History Should Be Repeated". Science 295 (5557): 975. doi:10.1126/science.1069614. PMID 11834802.
- ^ "What is genetic testing? - Genetics Home Reference". Ghr.nlm.nih.gov. 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ "Genetic Testing: MedlinePlus". Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ "Definitions of Genetic Testing". Definitions of Genetic Testing (Jorge Sequeiros and Bárbara Guimarães). EuroGentest Network of Excellence Project. 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2008-08-10. [dead link]
- ^ Genetically Altered Potato Ok'd For Crops Lawrence Journal-World – 6 May 1995
- ^ National Academy of Sciences (2001). Transgenic Plants and World Agriculture. Washington: National Academy Press.
- ^ Paarlburg, Robert Drought Tolerant GMO Maize in Africa, Anticipating Regulatory Hurdles International Life Sciences Institute, January 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011
- ^ Carpenter J. & Gianessi L. (1999). Herbicide tolerant soybeans: Why growers are adopting Roundup Ready varieties. AgBioForum, 2(2), 65-72.
- ^ Haroldsen, Victor M.; Paulino, Gabriel; Chi-ham, Cecilia; Bennett, Alan B. (2012). "Research and adoption of biotechnology strategies could improve California fruit and nut crops". California Agriculture 66 (2): 62–69. doi:10.3733/ca.v066n02p62.
- ^ About Golden Rice. Irri.org. Retrieved on 2013-03-20.
- ^ Gali Weinreb and Koby Yeshayahou for Globes May 2, 2012. FDA approves Protalix Gaucher treatment
- ^ Carrington, Damien (19 January 2012) GM microbe breakthrough paves way for large-scale seaweed farming for biofuels The Guardian. Retrieved 12 March 2012
- ^ van Beilen, Jan B.; Yves Poirier (May 2008). "Harnessing plant biomass for biofuels and biomaterials:Production of renewable polymers from crop plants". The Plant Journal 54 (4): 684–701. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03431.x. PMID 18476872.
- ^ Strange, Amy (20 September 2011) Scientists engineer plants to eat toxic pollution The Irish Times. Retrieved 20 September 2011
- ^ Diaz E (editor). (2008). Microbial Biodegradation: Genomics and Molecular Biology (1st ed.). Caister Academic Press. ISBN 1-904455-17-4.
- ^ a b c James, C (2011). "ISAAA Brief 43, Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2011". ISAAA Briefs. Ithaca, New York: International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA). Retrieved 2012-06-02.
- ^ GM Science Review First Report, Prepared by the UK GM Science Review panel (July 2003). Chairman Professor Sir David King, Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government, P 9
- ^ James, Clive (1996). "Global Review of the Field Testing and Commercialization of Transgenic Plants: 1986 to 1995". The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ "Consumer Q&A". Fda.gov. 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
- ^ American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Board of Directors (2012). Legally Mandating GM Food Labels Could Mislead and Falsely Alarm Consumers
- ^ A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001-2010) (PDF). Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food. European Union. 2010. doi:10.2777/97784. ISBN 978-92-79-16344-9. ""The main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of research, and involving more than 500 independent research groups, is that biotechnology, and in particular GMOs, are not per se more risky than e.g. conventional plant breeding technologies." (p. 16)"
- ^ Ronald, Pamela (2011). "Plant Genetics, Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security". Genetics 188 (1): 11–20. doi:10.1534/genetics.111.128553. PMC 3120150. PMID 21546547.
- ^ American Medical Association (2012). Report 2 of the Council on Science and Public Health: Labeling of Bioengineered Foods "Bioengineered foods have been consumed for close to 20 years, and during that time, no overt consequences on human health have been reported and/or substantiated in the peer-reviewed literature." (first page)
- ^ FAO, 2004. State of Food and Agriculture 2003–2004. Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the Needs of the Poor. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. "Currently available transgenic crops and foods derived from them have been judged safe to eat and the methods used to test their safety have been deemed appropriate. These conclusions represent the consensus of the scientific evidence surveyed by the ICSU (2003) and they are consistent with the views of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2002). These foods have been assessed for increased risks to human health by several national regulatory authorities (inter alia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, the United Kingdom and the United States) using their national food safety procedures (ICSU). To date no verifiable untoward toxic or nutritionally deleterious effects resulting from the consumption of foods derived from genetically modified crops have been discovered anywhere in the world (GM Science Review Panel). Many millions of people have consumed foods derived from GM plants - mainly maize, soybean and oilseed rape - without any observed adverse effects (ICSU)."
- ^ Andrew Pollack for the New York Times. April 13, 2010 Study Says Overuse Threatens Gains From Modified Crops
- ^ Industrial Biotechnology and Biomass Utilisation
- ^ Industrial biotechnology, A powerful, innovative technology to mitigate climate change
- ^ Gaskell, G.; Bauer, M. W.; Durant, J.; Allum, N. C. (1999). "Worlds Apart? The Reception of Genetically Modified Foods in Europe and the U.S". Science 285 (5426): 384–387. doi:10.1126/science.285.5426.384. PMID 10411496. edit
- ^ PotatoPro
- ^ Wesseler, J. and N. Kalaitzandonakes (2011): Present and Future EU GMO policy. In Arie Oskam, Gerrit Meesters and Huib Silvis (eds.), EU Policy for Agriculture, Food and Rural Areas. Second Edition, pp. 23–323 – 23-332. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers
- ^ Beckmann, V., C. Soregaroli, J. Wesseler (2011): Coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-modified (non GM) crops: Are the two main property rights regimes equivalent with respect to the coexistence value? In "Genetically modified food and global welfare" edited by Colin Carter, GianCarlo Moschini and Ian Sheldon, pp 201–224. Volume 10 in Frontiers of Economics and Globalization Series. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing
- ^ Nigms.Nih.Gov. Nigms.Nih.Gov. Retrieved on 2011-09-05.
Further reading
- Friedman, Yali (2008). Building Biotechnology: Starting, Managing, and Understanding Biotechnology Companies. Washington, DC: Logos Press. ISBN 978-0-9734676-3-5.
- Oliver, Richard W. The Coming Biotech Age. ISBN 0-07-135020-9.
- Powell, Walter W.; White, Douglas R.; Koput, Kenneth W.; Owen-Smith, Jason (2005). "Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences". American Journal of Sociology 110 (4): 1132–1205. doi:10.1086/421508. Viviana Zelizer Best Paper in Economic Sociology Award (2005–2006), American Sociological Association.
- Zaid, A; H.G. Hughes, E. Porceddu, F. Nicholas (2001). Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture — A Revised and Augmented Edition of the Glossary of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. Available in English, French, Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, Russian, Polish, Serbian, Vietnamese and Kazakh. Rome: FAO. ISBN 92-5-104683-2. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
- Agricultural Biotechnology: An Economic Perspective by the USDA Economic Research Service. A 1994 publication from the Agricultural Economic Report.
External links
|Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Genes, Technology and Policy
|At Wikiversity, you can learn more and teach others about Biotechnology at the Department of Biotechnology
|Look up biotechnology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- University Students Society Of Biotechnology
- The International Forum on Biotechnology
- Foundation for Biotechnology Awareness and Education,
- A report on Agricultural Biotechnology focusing on the impacts of "Green" Biotechnology with a special emphasis on economic aspects. fao.org.
- US Economic Benefits of Biotechnology to Business and Society NOAA Economics, economics.noaa.gov
- Database of the Safety and Benefits of Biotechnology – a database of peer-reviewed scientific papers and the safety and benefits of biotechnology.
- What is Biotechnology? - A curated collection of resources about the people, places and technologies that have enabled biotechnology to transform the world we live in today
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. 抗エリスロポエチン抗体による赤芽球癆 pure red cell aplasia due to anti erythropoietin antibodies
- 2. アデノウイルス感染の診断、治療、および予防 diagnosis treatment and prevention of adenovirus infection
- The effects of pre-salting methods on salt and water distribution of heavily salted cod, as analyzed by (1)H and (23)Na MRI, (23)Na NMR, low-field NMR and physicochemical analysis.
- Gudjónsdóttir M1, Traoré A2, Jónsson Á3, Karlsdóttir MG3, Arason S4.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Dec 1;188:664-72. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.060. Epub 2015 May 14.
- The effect of different pre-salting methods (brine injection with salt with/without polyphosphates, brining and pickling) on the water and salt distribution in dry salted Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fillets was studied with proton and sodium NMR and MRI methods, supported by physicochemical analysis
- NMR approach for monitoring post-mortem changes in Atlantic salmon fillets stored at 0 and 4°C.
- Shumilina E1, Ciampa A2, Capozzi F2, Rustad T1, Dikiy A3.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 1;184:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.037. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
- High resolution NMR technique has been used to monitor post-mortem changes in salmon (Salmo salar) fillets upon storage at 4 and 0°C. Thirty-one different fish metabolites influencing freshness and taste properties have been unequivocally assigned by NMR using either available standard compounds or
- Predicting the right spacing between protein immobilization sites on self-assembled monolayers to optimize ligand binding.
- Perez JB1, Tyagi D1, Yang M1, Calvo L2, Perez R2, Moreno E3, Zhu J4.
- Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2015 Sep 1;484:133-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 May 15.
- Self-assembled monolayers designed to immobilize capture antibodies are usually prepared using a mixture of functional and inactive linkers. Here, using low molar ratios (1:1 to 1:100) of the two linkers resulted in loss of binding capability of the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) antib
- CAFC(連邦巡回控訴裁判所) 最新判決ウォッチング(第178回)[Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd.対CLS Bank Int'l事件-No. 13-298 (June 19, 2014), AbbVie Deutschland GmbH対Janssen Biotech, Inc.,事件-2013-1338, -1346 (July 1, 2014), Troy対Samson Mfg. Corp事件-No. 2013-1565, (July 11, 2014)]
- The Lawyers 11(9), 88-92, 2014-09
- Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A review of 86 cases in China
- Li Yan,Cui Yazhou,Zhao Heng,Wang Chao,Liu Xiao,Han Jinxiang
- Intractable & Rare Diseases Research 3(3), 75-78, 2014
- Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a type of rare hereditary disease that affects connective tissue. PXE is found around the world, and its epidemiology in China is still unclear. A database search rev …
- 特許出願において優先権の利益を享受できない場合について : 化学・バイオテクノロジー分野を中心に
- 早乙女 智美,鎌田 光宜
- 知財管理 = Intellectual property management 63(12), 1911-1921, 2013-12
- アジア最大のバイオ展/国際会議 in Japan【旧称:国際バイオEXPO(エキスポ)】。 ライフサイエンス研究機器・試薬メーカー、バイオベンチャーなど、世界中の先端バイオ 技術が一堂に出展。
- 発毛・育毛一筋25年。あなたご自身の髪を取り戻すことを追求し、日夜研究と努力を 続けてきたバイオテックは、発毛・育毛分野における日本初の特許取得、高い発毛・育毛 技術と信頼をモットーにトータルケアを実現してまいります。発毛・育毛サロン「バイオ ...
- 英
- biotechnology biotech
- 同
- 生物工学 biological engineering、バイオテック biotech
- 関
- 生命工学
- 英
- biotechnology, biotech
- 関
- 生物工学、バイオテクノロジー
- 関
- biotech、biotechnological、biotechnology
WordNet [license wordnet]「the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments」
WordNet [license wordnet]「the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes; "biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem"」
PrepTutorEJDIC [license prepejdic]「《米》生物工学,人間工学)人が機械で最も能率的に仕事をするための研究)(《英》ergonomics)」
- 生物工学的な、生物工学の、バイオテクノロジーの
- 関
- bioengineering、biotech、biotechnology


text:
poliomyelitis almost did him in, but decided instead to simply paralyze his left arm and leg.
This form is nearly always due to poliomyelitis, but it may also result from accidental division of the tendo Achillis.
Transmission of poliomyelitis by means of the stable-fly (Stomoxys calcitrans).
A very fatal form of poliomyelitis has for a number of years prevailed in Sweden.
The meningococcus and the virus of poliomyelitis pass from the nose into the cranial cavity without local lesions in the former.
Not once were these investigators again able to transmit the infection of poliomyelitis through Stomoxys.
Blattella germanica and/or Blattella vaga Viruses: Unspecified strains of poliomyelitis virus, p. 103.
Some experimental observations on monkeys, concerning the transmission of poliomyelitis through the agency of Stomoxys calcitrans.
The cockroach as a natural extrahuman source of poliomyelitis virus.
Experiments on insect transmission of the virus of poliomyelitis.
1874, also polio-myelitis, coined by German physician Adolph Kussmaul (1822-1902) from Greek polios "grey" (see fallow (adj.)) + myelos "marrow" + -itis "inflammation." So called because the gray matter in the spinal cord is inflamed, which causes paralysis. The earlier name was infantile paralysis (1843).
In many respects, also, this affection resembles the acute spinal paralysis of infancy, which, from the researches of Charcot, Joffroy, and others, have been shown pathologically to be an acute myelitis of the anterior cornua. Hence, for these forms of paralysis, Professor Kussmaul suggests the name of 'poliomyelitis anterior.' ["London Medical Record," Dec. 9, 1874]
poliomyelitis po·li·o·my·e·li·tis (pō'lē-ō-mī'ə-lī'tĭs)
A highly infectious viral disease that chiefly affects children and, in its acute forms, causes inflammation of motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to paralysis, muscular atrophy, and often deformity. Also called infantile paralysis.
A highly communicable infectious disease caused by the poliovirus of the genus Enterovirus that causes inflammation of motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to paralysis, muscular atrophy, and often disability and deformity. Childhood vaccinations are given to prevent infection. Also called polio.
An acute disease, and an infectious disease, caused by a virus, that brings about inflammation of certain nerve cells in the spinal cord. It can have a wide range of effects, from mild to severe, including paralysis, permanent disability, and death. In the United States, the disease has now largely vanished since the development of a vaccine against it. (See Sabin vaccine and Salk vaccine.)
Note: The history of polio, which went from a major public health problem to a minor one in a short time, is often used as an example of the benefits of medical research.
Note: President Franklin D. Roosevelt suffered from poliomyelitis. During his presidency, he could not walk unaided.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Diana - from Aguascalientes, mexico
A little bit of the icing color goes a long way. Start really slow with the coloring because you can always add more, but you can't subtract. Dip a toothpick or the very tip of a knife or spatula into the coloring then mix that into your icing. Add more as needed in the same fashion. Be patient. This method will take more time, but it'll produce a more pastel color. My favorite lilac color comes from the combination of violet with a tiny bit of rose. Rose will also help to preserve the color of the icing as well. Light tends to fade color and the red tones are the first to go. Sometimes this can happen even overnight. The added rose will assure you'll have a nice lilac color for as long as possible!


text:
You have no items in your shopping cart.
Product Information
Product Detail
- Appealing Brown & Gold Color Earrings Faceted stones arranged in alternating fashion with textured metal bead and white bead spacers.
- Pendant with the motif of Lord Balaji, adorned with faceted stones.
- Base Material : Metal,Alloy
- Gemstone Diamond : American Diamond
- Jewellery Type : Artificial Jewellery
- Earring Type : Stick-On Earring
- Earring Color : Brown,Gold
- Metal Color : Golden Yellow
Delivery Time
- Delivery within 5 Working Days.
Please Note
- Price include all type of taxes.
Best Selling Products
Traditional Gold Platted Pearl Hoop Jhumka Earrings
Regular Price: $24.13
Crystal Flower Drop Earrings
Regular Price: $15.94
Austrian Diamond Charms Bracelet Set
Regular Price: $16.08
Lace Tatoo Choker Necklace
Regular Price: $4.81


text:
Congrats to last weeks winner Jesse from Rapid City, SD who won the autographed Corey Smith Stairmaster Capita Snowboard in our weekly #FF Freebie giveaway!
This week we've got an O'Brien Swift Towable Tube up for grabs. Follow and mention @houseboardshop on twitter by Friday, July 1st to enter to win (just in time for the 4th of July festivities!).
And as a bonus this week we're going to give away a SECOND O'Brien Swift Towable Tube to the first person who can name which video our retail shop manager Shawn Mack is in. Send the link to the vid in a tweet with an @houseboardshop mention! Good luck!
Find and name which video "this guy" is in to win the bonus O'Brien Swift Towable Tube!


text:
Stephen Price, D.Min.
Licensed Pastoral Psychotherapist
133 Grove Street, Peterborough, New Hampshire 03458
One way to define psychotherapy is from its roots. Psycho comes from the word psyche, meaning soul. Therapy comes from the word to heal or to cure. Thus you might say that psychotherapy is "the cure of souls." This was a phrase the church used for pastoral care back in the days before there was the word, psychotherapy. We are not islands. All of us need to share and consult and reach out to others to understand ourselves and to work through problems and conflicts. Usually this takes place among friends or family. But sometimes it is more helpful to talk to a trained person who is unbiased and confidential and probably more objective than many of our friends and family. As psychotherapists, w
James Foster, & Associates, LICSW
James Foster & Associates, COUNSELINGNH
540 Chestnut Street, Manchester, New Hampshire 03101
James Foster and Associates provides Psychotherapy in a private, safe and confidential setting. Psychotherapy is a process that occurs within a professional relationship . An individual may experience some form of difficulty that impacts their emotional well being and ability to function on a daily basis. . A client will come for an initial intake appointment and provide background information regarding their difficulty which the Clinician will use to help formulate a diagnosis and a treatment plan. The client and therapist will work in a collaborative effort to explore and assist the client in working through the client's personal dynamics.


text:
|Corona, Toro
|Ecuador Sumatra
|Dominican Republic
|More Details
It's a numba one stunna!
E-Stunner is a complete departure from E.P. Carillo's typical fare, but in this case that's a good thing....a very good thing. The blend was inspired by the popularity of energy drinks and is designed to errr....open your eyeballs. E-Stunner also marks the first time the company experimented with tobacco ratios, choosing a 50/50 mix of Dominican and Nicaraguan tobacco fillers as opposed to their standard 80/20. Plus, the wrapper utilized is harvested from a higher priming of the plant, for an extra punch of power. The result? A tasty blend that kicks things up a notch, well beyond what some sugar-laced energy shot ever could.
All in all it's a damn tasty handmade with plenty of gusto and flavor in tow. Factor in the oily Ecuadorian Sumatra wrapper, along with that careful, even blend of Dominican and Nicaraguan long-filler leaves, you're left with one of E.P. Carrillo's strongest blends yet. But E-Stunner isn't just about brawn, as well-balanced hints of cedar, cherry, spices, and a dash of red pepper wash over the palate. One thing is for sure, it's certainly a welcomed page in E.P. Carrillo's book.
This is one of my regular smokes, but to my taste it is nothing close to full bodied until the last couple of inches. I go to this for a smoke that is lighter than my usual.
What an amazing full bodied cigar! Notes of pepper and earth. Strong with no bite!
Tried these on a local recommendation and I have to say it was a lot more mature and full-flavored than I ever expected. Beautiful wrapper, and a solid taste consistency all the way through! Warm woody notes with some cherry, and no bitter after bite. Paired well with the black IPA I was drinking. I was however, a little disappointed by the burn. It seemed to have a slightly inconsistent roll. Not enough to prevent me from ordering a few boxes next week though! a 4-star smoke, at a decent price. I don't get the 'red-bull' references in the description, it just didn't strike me that way. This is (as I was told) the 2nd or 3rd year crop of leaf that has been a vast improvement over the previous years. Carrillo's involvement was what sold me, initially. Taste is going to keep me coming back!
Not a bad cigar. Strong with wood and spice taste but not overwhelming. The burn was uneven and I had to touch up the cigar to burn more evenly, but other than that there were no more issues. Worth a try cigar.
the corriente is box worthy! usually not one for coronas i tried five and was impressed with the overall appearance of this little gem.a firmly rolled corona with a prelight aroma that smells like spanish cedar. let's cut and light, the toasting of the foot is producing the best aroma and the burn is fine and the taste is unique as all five seemed to have a little flavor difference.liked it will try other sizes and get back


text:
Department of Political Science Home > About > About Political Science
"Power corresponds to the human ability not just to act but to act in concert."
Hannah Arendt, 1969
Political scientists study power, politics, and a variety of kinds of political processes, systems, and behavior. Politics can be understood broadly as the process by which groups of people make decisions about how they will live and act together. As such, political action is the essential underpinning of all human communities and social life.
Political science is divided into four main subfields: American Politics, Comparative Politics, International Relations, and Political Thought.


text:
251 Comments on "Golden Globes Show – Part Two"
Woody rarely comes to award shows…the times he's been is probably single digits
Well, hell. I've been ill and fell asleep around 6pm yesterday. Woke up just in time to watch the second half of "The Fugitive" TV show. Damn.
Drew Barrymore's sweet crap got old in 1990. I don't want to listen to middle aged women who talk like babies.
Have a great fuckin' night you guys! Thanks for the fun tonight!
Fuckin' night to you too, JBE… fuckin' night….
I'll stick around in hopes of an Amy Adams wardrobe malfunction. I was hoping for Fey to have another one but after the first she's probably got her girls swathed in sticky tape.
Goodnight you guys!! Had so much fun with y'all, see you tomorrow if Wendy doesn't get me again!
Well, as they'd say in Wolf Of Wall Street, fuckin' night you fuckin' fuckers.
Night everyone!
Amy Adams is very off tonight. I can't decide in what way, but something is very off.
These peoples' voices are weird – the woman in blue spoke like a child; and the woman in the middle speaks like a dude!
Ugh! Amy Adams … that's my queue to leave …
Yay! I! Off tomorrow! Latah!
night all can't wait for the Oscars and GG blind items tomorrow
Shit Rachel, get it together! You are making Jen look like a fool in old underwear. I would totally play with her kiddos though, Skyler is a cutie!
These questions are really weird and boring. Makes you wonder how any celeb comes off as normal, I would look like a nut. Especially after a few drinks.
She could not run away from that press room fast enough.
Y'all have fun, gotta work tomorrow and wrestling with blogger has taken a lot out of me….
NIGHT! OR MORNING OR NINE PM ! TAKE CARE.I'll lurk ya tomorrow
@JSierra – some of the questions are just downright weird …
Cue the music…
Rachel Zoe is still JLaw's stylist – she just confirmed it.
Styled to Rock was better, but the comments tonight were the bestssss.
Nitz to all!
I gotta an entire bottle of wine and Downton Abbey is on my DVR. Sweet times.
All of these people on the E! aftershow have really odd accents that I cannot place, apparently neither can Jennifer. "What!?"
@timebob: I don't doubt she calls him that. Feeding his narcissism probably helped her lock him down.
@B. Profane: Mike Newhouse?
I thought Ben looked like he was invisibly wearing the bat ears…
Yay! That makes my night! I have to scare up a bong, a bud, and a bongo real quick!
Day-um! Just switched to E! and they're LIVE at the after parties! Okay, I'm glued here for another hour …
Gawd that Ross guy is annnoyyyy-ing!
Night guys, all of your comments made a boring show Great fun. Thanks for the memories 😉
Night, love/hate! Yay, afterparty at my house!
Golden Globes blinds tomorrow. Cant wait
Agree Ben was weird. Maybe ill?
Until tomorrow … ciao, CDANers – it's wine-o'clock here and a gorgeous Summer evening so time to take the hounds for a walk
Hey man, you got a joint?
It'd be cooler if you did.
That was kinda a lame broadcast. I seem to remember enjoying last year's GGs much more. None of the acceptance speeches stood out to me, but they were all cut really, really short.
Kristin no ma'am I do not like to share!
Meauxelle you can have him!
See ya. Have a good one
Well its over and on time too! Who's house are we going to? I can stop for some food if you guys tell me what you want….
Chasing the frump look, i meant.
blarg. good fight, good night peeps!
Night, sandyboo!!
I didn't know Assbender was that short, for some reason I thought he was like 6'5".
Who wants to carpool to the after parties!?
Enough with all the names
Kristin, if you get hobo hair boy, and TTM and J are focusing on Idris, I want to call dibs on Matthew McConaghwhatever!
Ugh, where's fassy! And where's the bathroom stall he and I get busy in!
you called it @JSierra!
Where's Brad?
Yay bedtime night girls!
Mmmm loving that back of the neck kiss. So many kisses!
There's a character in Dazed and Confused that's practically a xerox of me in high school.
Knew they were going to win. Deserving film.
Yay Chiwitel Gonnamessuplastname!
@Kristin- perfect description! Box car hobo dude with a hair clip! Bwah! I think there were multiple clips holding up that nest!
Does Johnny Depp have a mouth full of molasses?
Man there are so many good best picture noms this year, idk who I want to win!
12 Years A Slave I think. Come on!


text:
Aww man, Fleetwood Mac did some b!tchen stuff, man. Gold Dust Woman is killer. Journey's outro solo on Stone in Love is just magic, man.........magic.
Jack Johnson is perhaps the most boring performer in the world. Highly touted amongst psuedo-hippies and new-aged vegan types. Just horribly plain, vanilla and boring. Jack Johnson is the reason black people dislike white people.
In my opinion(which tends to be fact....la verdad) the 90's saw the last of anything good in popular music. I don't mean "pop" per say as in Top Forty, but stuff that people actually hear and know. Jane's Addiction, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, STP and Nirvana was the last era of good stuff.
Though Pearl Jam and Nirvana had this thing against being "commercial." Cobain mocked Pearl Jam for being "commercial," which was a joke. PJ played what they wanted to play. They didn't "sell-out." And ironically, Cobain was availed a platform to say such things through his "commercial" popularity. Cobain was just a tad jealous that Pearl Jam was a much more talented, musically sophisticated band. I like Nirvana, but they were a glorified garage band. Jeez, Kurt had to have other guitaritst back him up on stage, he was certainly no Randy Rhoads to begin with.
Results 1 to 10 of 132
Threaded View


text:
Trade-Ideas LLC identified Trimble Navigation (TRMB) as a strong and under the radar candidate
Keeping tabs on trucks is one of the top markets in the burgeoning "Internet of Things."
Here are Tuesday's top research calls, including downgrades for TD Ameritrade, Dow Chemical and L Brands, and an upgrade for Travelers.
Trade-Ideas LLC identified Trimble Navigation (TRMB) as a "water-logged and getting wetter" (weak stocks crossing below support with today's range greater than 200%) candidate


text:
View Blog
02/23/2013, 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM
Location:Playhouse on the Square map
A mixed-rep evening with a message for everyone. Four short works,
approximately 20 minutes each in length and divided by an intermission,
present scenes from the dark to the comedic sides of our family
There are four seating options for all mainstage shows—Premiere ($72)
and Sections A ($43), B ($22) and C (just $10 at Playhouse and $5 at
The Orpheum.)
Back To Full Calendar
Share with a Friend
Under the Direction of Dorothy Gunther Pugh
© Ballet Memphis. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Steun PICUM financieel
Please make a donation and support PICUM to protect the most vulnerable members of society from marginalisation, extreme poverty and exploitation.
Your donation helps us continue to promote respect for basic social rights for undocumented migrants such as:
- The right to health care, education and shelter.
- The right to a minimum subsistence, to legal aid and to fair labour conditions.
- The right to a family life, to moral integrity, to freedom from abuse.
PICUM is currently working on projects across the EU that promote access to health care, shelter and education. We actively support a wide range of individuals and organisations who provide humanitarian assistance in extremely difficult conditions. PICUM leads a network of some 3,000 organizations around the world to collect and disseminate information about issues faced by undocumented migrants to dramatically improve their living conditions.
Foundations and corporate donors interested in opportunities to support PICUM are invited to please contact our secretariat where we will be happy to answer any queries you may have.
All our donors receive:
- Regular updates on the work and achievements of PICUM
- The PICUM monthly newsletter (available in English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German and Dutch)
- PICUM's annual report
- Invitations to PICUM events and workshops
You can donate to PICUM by transferring your singular or regular contribution to
Account number: 001-3666785-67
Bank name: BNP Paribas/Fortis, Schepdaal (B)
SWIFT/BIC Code: GEBABEBB
Please mention your name and address, and reference: "donation"
Thank you for your support.


text:
You need to protect business data at rest, in motion, and in use, even beyond the enterprise network-without increasing complexity in your IT environment. IBM Data Security Services for data loss protection - Symantec PGP encryption provides a comprehensive solution that helps protect sensitive data across endpoints, removable storage media, and e-mail, against loss or unauthorized access. IBM combines technology, service expertise, and world-class support in a flexible, integrated platform for encryption that provides immediate returns and facilitates expanded coverage in the future.
- Helps protect sensitive data on endpoint devices-including laptops, handhelds, and removable storage devices-against unauthorized exposure
- Accelerates deployment and expand coverage as needed with a scalable platform
- Reduces need for in-house security experts with IBM 24x7x365 support and professional services
- Helps secure e-mail communications with automatic, policy-based message encryption
- Supports regulatory compliance requirements with integrated encryption applications for e-mail, laptops, desktops, instant messaging, smart phones, network storage, file transfers, automated processes, and backups
Service detail
Protecting data across a growing number and variety of endpoints
Today data resides on a wide array of endpoints for both convenience and business efficiency. The endpoint devices that aid business operations, including laptops, USB flash drives, and personal digital assistants (PDAs), can be lost, stolen, or accessed by unauthorized persons, exposing sensitive business data. You need to protect business data at rest, in motion, and in use, even beyond the enterprise network, without increasing IT complexity. IBM understands these concerns and now delivers award-winning endpoint encryption that combines the Symantic® PGP Encryption Platform with purpose-built IBM Data Security Services. Symantic PGP encryption software and support provides a comprehensive solution that helps protect sensitive data across endpoints, removable storage media, and e-mail, against loss, theft, or unauthorized access.
The IBM endpoint encryption solution builds security into the most commonly used applications, protecting data wherever it resides-from outbound e-mail, to file servers, to removable storage devices such as USB flash drives and PDAs. The solution helps organizations consistently enforce corporate and regulatory security policies.
Our endpoint encryption solution can help you:
- Protect stored data even when an endpoint device is lost or stolen
- Enforce device-usage policy and protect data automatically to optimize data security while the data is in use on an endpoint device
- Monitor and control the use of external storage devices for storing and transporting data
- Safeguard e-mail where it is sent, as it travels, and where it is received
- Enable collaboration and maintain confidentiality on shared servers
- Cost-effectively manage policy and reporting for encryption applications and scale the solution as your needs grow
Related resources
Find studies, papers and briefs on this topic


text:
We achieve our mission by:
- Educating the Whole Person. We enrich the mind, body, and spirit of each Willamette student through a diverse range of services and co-curricular opportunities.
- Cultivating Individual Development. We create opportunities for reflection and assessment through which students identify their strengths and areas for growth. Our students create their own plans for achieving goals in learning, life, and career.
- Providing Opportunities for Experiential Learning. We encourage students to learn by doing. Through hands-on experiences, students acquire knowledge, develop skills, and gain insight.
- Promoting Community Engagement. We challenge students to live the University motto: Not Unto Ourselves Alone Are We Born. Through service, students prepare for active roles in their communities.
In pursuit of our mission, we uphold these values:
- Integrity. We believe in maintaining ethical principles of equity, honesty, and consistency.
- Accountability. We believe in taking individual and group responsibility for our actions and words.
- Service. We believe that each individual should participate actively in community life, serving the greater good.
- Inclusivity. We believe in cultivating a civil, accepting community in which each member has a voice. We honor, promote, and celebrate diversity.
- Self-Sufficiency. We believe that every member of a community should have the initiative, confidence, and resources to act on his or her own behalf.


text:
Think globally and s**t locally. Do a Blue Water Task Force program by Surfrider Foundation if you want data. It takes a few committed volunteers - 4 to 6 to collect and run samples. The government (local, state and feds) can be shamed and are scared of real data. It can be used to clean up specific areas affected by septic fields, poor flush, excessive point source violators etc. I have done this and it does work on a limited basis, but it takes an awful lot of work. Good luck. Remember, everyone has to eat, therefore..
...Also storm runoff is another issue, and golf courses can be shamed into using more organic fertilizers. But the sugar farmers here in Florida send crap water all over the state with impunity. Another issue for another time. Only fight the battles you can win.


text:
₨ 13,500
Out of stock
Full Name (required)
Mobile Number (required)
Email (required)
Address (required)
City (required)
Order Note (Color & Size)
*SHIPPING NOTE : Delivery Charges Rs.200 / FREE DELIVER (Order above Rs.3,500) / Cash on Delivery / Courier = Leopard / in 2 to 3 Days
There are no reviews yet.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Your review *
Name *
Email *
Notify me of new posts by email.


text:
Bishop Michael Presides on Lazarus Saturday: Ordination, Children's Choir, and First Confession Class Highlight Festive Day
April 16, 2011 • Lazarus Saturday Divine Liturgy • By Deborah (Malacky) Belonick
Our annual celebration of Lazarus Saturday this year included the honor of having His Grace The Right Rev. Michael (Dahulich) preside at the Divine Liturgy and share in some customary community events with us. During liturgy His Grace, who is the Bishop of the New York and New Jersey Diocese of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA), presented the homily and ordained seminarian Wiliam Seraphim Joa, a member of his diocese, to the diaconate. He also commended the church school children for singing the festal hymns and presented a word to those church school children who for the first time participated in the Sacrament of Confession.
In his homily on Gospel of John (11:1–45), His Grace reminded worshippers of two important points from that scriptural passage: "God has a plan" and "It is very helpful if we are cooperative with that plan." Relating the gospel message to Dn. Seraphim's ordination, he said, "Being a deacon is so much more than 'swinging a censor'; the deacon is the 'eyes and ears' of the bishop. God has a plan, and Dn. Seraphim's role is to come closer to Christ, and to do His will. May he celebrate the great miracle of the raising of Lazarus, and his ordination to the diaconate, discerning the Lord's will and plan and fulfilling it to the glory of God. Our prayers are with him, and with his wife, Julie."
Dn. Seraphim is a 2nd-year seminarian in the M.Div. program at the seminary and a member of Holy Trinity Orthodox Church, East Meadow, New York. He holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Idaho and a professional engineer's license, and was a career naval officer. He notes that he and his wife, Matushka Julie, "have one married son, a wonderful daughter in-law, a granddaughter entering Auburn University this fall, and a grandson entering his junior year in high school in Madison, Alabama." During his time at St. Vladimir's, Dn. Seraphim has offered community service in the school's library, and has also participated in several "soup runs" to New York City, to minister to the poor.
To the church school children who gave their first confessions—Maria Rentel, John Walker Yates, Andrew Pavlovic, Jeremy Kuri, and Lauren Drillock—His Grace offered these simple and heartfelt words: "Remember, you can always say to God that you are sorry; the reason you can do that is God loves you." He also acknowledged the children's chapel choir, directed by 1st-year seminarian Ashley Lear.
Our Dean, Fr. John Behr, welcomed His Grace warmly and thanked him for presiding at the liturgy. "It is a joy and honor to welcome you today," he said, "which is the culmination of the end of Lent and the beginning of our journey through Holy Week. Surely, part of God's plan was for you to be here with us today. We are deeply grateful for your visit and for your coming to our seminary to ordain our student."
After liturgy, Bishop Michael attended both a festal brunch and a special Spring Concert sung by a select children's choir, directed by Danielle Miller, with assistant director Ashley Lear and 1st-year seminarian Harrison Russin as piano accompanist. Summing up the day, Bettye Malone, long-time organizer of the Lazarus Saturday church school brunch, said, "The traditions of Lazarus Saturday here at St. Vladimir's have continued now for more than 40 years. This day—and the customary events that accompany it—are so important because traditions are important. These are the things our children will remember."
View a photo gallery of the Divine Liturgy, by Tanya Hoff.
Read about the special Spring Concert here. View a PDF of the Spring Concert Program including some sing-along-music here.
Sing along with the choir's musical selection "Like as a Father," by Luigi Cherubini, in a beautifully crafted slideshow by seminarian Kevin Basil Fritts, here. Watch the video of the full concert, by seminarian Kevin Basil Fritts, here.


text:
2012 BMW 3 Series
Coupe 2D 328i
Expert Reviews
Read unbiased reviews by auto experts and the NADAguides Test Drive TeamPrint
- The all-new 328i and 335i are great sports sedans.
Search our used car listings and find the right car for you. Click here for '2012 BMW 3 Series' local listings >>


text:
Wingate, N.C. – The Brevard College softball team dropped a pair of games at Wingate University on Saturday. The Tornados fell 5-0 in the opener and dropped the second game by a score of 5-1.
Brevard fell to 28-15 on the season and 6-8 in South Atlantic Conference play, while Wingate improved to 27-12 and 8-6 in SAC match-ups.
Game One: Wingate 5, Brevard 0
Box Score
The Tornados were unable to get the offense moving in the opener, as they fell 5-0. Wingate took a 1-0 lead in the second inning when Brittany Loudermilt hit an RBI single.
The Bulldogs added on to their lead in the fourth by scoring a pair of runs on an error and a passed ball, putting Wingate up 3-0.
In the fifth, Wingate put another pair of runs on the board to give them the final 5-0 edge.
Martika Elmore (Fayetteville, N.C.) started the game for BC and was touched for three runs, two earned on four hits. Elmore struck out seven and was charged with the loss, falling to 16-8. Alyssa Miller (Davie, Fla.) pitched the final 1.2 innings for Brevard. Allison Smith picked up the win throwing a complete game shutout. Smith struck out seven in the win, advancing to 18-5.
Game Two: Wingate 5, Brevard 1
Box Score
Wingate took a quick 1-0 lead in the first when Emily Chavis hit a sacrifice fly.
The Bulldogs added four runs in the fifth when Chavis hit an RBI double and Maureen Sandidge hit a three-run homer to put Wingate up 5-0.
The Tornados tried to chip at the Wingate lead but were only able to plate one in the sixth when Emily Boykin (Chapel Hill, N.C.) singled home Chelsi Mallory (Mechanicsville, Va.).
Miller pitched all six innings for Brevard and fell to 12-7 on the year after being charged with the loss. She was touched for five runs on three hits. Ashley Brown moved to 6-4 after after surrendering one run on seven hits.
At the plate, Mallory went 2-for-3 and scored the only Tornados run. Brittany Fowler (Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA) added a pair of base knocks in the loss.
The Tornados are back in action on Monday, April 11th when they travel to Jefferson City, Tennessee to take on the Carson-Newman Eagles. First pitch is set for 2 p.m.


text:
6.1-Inch DVD Receiver
Connect your iPod or iPhone and you'll have viewing access to popular audio and video apps on the IVE-W530. Simply touch the App Mode function on the screen, launch your favorite apps such as Netflix or YouTube and enjoy streaming content for you and your passengers when you're parked.
Bluetooth wireless technology is built in! Don't be distracted by making or receiving phone calls while driving and say goodbye to uncomfortable headsets and earpieces. Get the convenience of carrying on phone conversations in your car, hands-free!
This unit is equipped with Bluetooth wireless technology for easy operation and great sound quality. Your phone will pair with the IVE-W530 in mere seconds. For your convenience, this amazing receiver automatically syncs your phonebook. Now, make and receive phone calls conveniently with both hands on the wheel and your eyes on the road.
Quick tip: Press and hold down the [MUTE] button on this unit to get quick access to the direct telephone menu.
It's convenient to control your iPod or iPhone in the car – enjoy seamless operation of your iPod in addition to full control of all your favorite media sources. Control all search options of your iPod directly from the IVE-W530 via Playlist, Artist, Album, Song, Genre, Podcast, or Composer. The USB connection allows for high-quality iPod playback and delivers an even faster access speed so you'll find songs as quickly as you expect to find them on your iPod.
Get access to and control of all the songs from your iPhone right from the IVE-W530! Large music libraries are no problem with a faster connection speed and QuickSearch featuring Alphabet Search -- easily scroll through long lists of music by skipping through the letters of the alphabet. Once you find the letter you want, you can jump to the exact song!
Visit the Apple site to identify your model iPod.
The IVE-W530 uses a USB connection (cable sold separately) for newer iPods that provides ultra-fast digital data transfer so songs and video are loaded instantly through the receiver, on-screen. Thanks to USB, you can also alternatively plug in a USB thumb-drive loaded with music, instead of your iPod or iPhone.
USB connection is compatible with iPod classic (up to 160GB), iPod touch (up to 4th generation), iPod nano (up to 6th generation) and iPhone's (up to version 5.1).
Have lots of music? Find it fast! With Alpine's exclusive QuickSearch technology, you'll be able to find what you want, the quickest and easiest way possible. With so many ways to listen to thousands of songs, now you can get super-fast access to playlist, artist, album, song, podcast, genre and composer, even use QuickSearch to access your radio stations. Large control buttons and a Touch Screen make it easy to search all your sources. No interruptions while you search, so you can keep enjoying your music. For especially big music libraries, the Alphabet Search function allows you to jump to specific parts of your music library by letter. Save yourself from scrolling through each song one by one, just jump to a segment of your library with a touch of a button.
You can also view and control your iPod movies from the IVE-W530 screen, using the USB cable, without any additional adapters. Keep your kids and passengers happy with all their favorite videos stored right on your iPod. With Dual Zone you can control your iPod video from the front seat, while your passengers view their videos and movies from the comfort of an optional Rear Seat Entertainment system.
Don't get stuck with annoyingly long boot-up times when it comes to starting up your system. With the Alpine IVE-W530, the unit is operational in just seconds so you can access your system. That means you can listen to music quickly so you don't have to spend time sitting in silence. More importantly, if you have a rear camera installed, you can back up safely almost immediately. After a smooth load-up, quickly access the menu and you're on your way in no time.
The IVE-W530 is fully integrated with your audio and video system for added convenience to make your drive more enjoyable. A simple menu and elegant display make source selection and accessing functions quick and easy with the touch of your finger. Distinct brilliant icons and direct access menu buttons all on a responsive 6.1" WVGA, 1.15 million pixel touch-control screen take the guess-work out for an effortless experience. Operating your audio and video controls has never been easier.
For unrivaled sound quality, expect nothing less than the best. The IVE-W530 is equipped with a 3-band parametric EQ for great sound quality with all your digital media sources.
In a different mood? Feel like changing up the background color to match your interior? The IVE-W530 offers four different display base colors to choose from: blue, red, green, and amber.
The IVE-W530 has got you covered. It's set for DVD, CD, MP3, AAC, WMA, DivX® playback and a 6.1-inch WVGA touch-screen with a 1.15 million-pixel display. The IVE-W530can serve as your media center over all in-vehicle digital media sources, all at the touch of your fingertips.
Wow factor! The IVE-W530's 6.1-inch WVGA touch-screen monitor gives you easy access and control of all your favorite media sources. The IVE-W530 features Visual Enhancement, which provides a more balanced picture, not over-emphasizing dark or light areas, so movies are seen with greater clarity. All of the graphics are crisp and clean for your viewing pleasure.
The IVE-W530 is equipped with a camera input so you can add a rear view camera to your vehicle to make your drive easier. See what's behind your vehicle, right from the screen. When a rear camera is installed, the screen on the IVE-W530 will automatically switch to the rear camera view when the vehicle is in reverse. The IVE-W530 comes with an RCA input that can accommodate the use of any aftermarket RCA adapter-friendly rear view camera, such as the HCE-C155 as well.
For the safest driving experience, nothing beats Alpine's new Active View™ Camera System. The HCE-C305R Active View camera alerts you to moving objects that approach your car while you're backing up, providing an audible "beep" and a visual highlight of the moving object right on the IVE-W530's screen
Replace the factory-installed head unit without loss of this convenient option. The IVE-W530 allows you the option of controlling your head unit right from your factory installed steering wheel controls (third party adapter required, use popular brand names such as Axxess or PAC to add this feature). If your car has factory Bluetooth steering wheel controls, then they will control your new IVE-W530's built-in Bluetooth as well.
Home | Browse Products | Find a Store | View Standard Site
© 2009 Alpine Electronics of America, Inc. | All Rights Reserved.
Use of this site signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use.


text:
Reds lineup:
Zack Cozart 6
Chris Heisey 8
Brandon Phillips 4
Ryan Ludwick 7
Jay Bruce 9
Todd Frazier 3
Scott Rolen 5
Dioner Navarro 2
Mike Leake 1
Reds lineup:
Zack Cozart 6
Chris Heisey 8
Brandon Phillips 4
Ryan Ludwick 7
Jay Bruce 9
Todd Frazier 3
Scott Rolen 5
Dioner Navarro 2
Mike Leake 1
Heisey! He'll put the ball in play
I'm surprised Dusty benched Stubbs in Houston.
"A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky, dangerous animals and you know it."
Looking like Heisey is going to be a regular. Four straight starts according to Fay.
Reds Fan Since 1971
Here's the Astros lineup:
1. Jose Altuve (R) 2B
2. Tyler Greene (R) SS
3. Brett Wallace (L) 1B
4. Jason Castro (L) C
5. Jimmy Paredes (S) RF
6. Fernando Martinez (L) LF
7. Matt Dominguez (R) 3B
8. Brandon Barnes (R) CF
9. Fernando Abad (L) P
Reds Fan Since 1971
"A person is smart. People are dumb, panicky, dangerous animals and you know it."
I think given Dusty's emphasis on sentimental value, as mentioned Stubbs not starting in Houston is kind of telling. This may mean Heisey is the incumbent going forward unless he slumps or Stubbs wins the job back.
"No matter how good you are, you're going to lose one-third of your games. No matter how bad you are you're going to win one-third of your games. It's the other third that makes the difference." ~Tommy Lasorda
Heisey's two homer game probably helped him get the start tonight. Play the hot hand.
Cards with Wainright getting pummeled again in DC, 5-0.
Cozart grounds out to 3rd.
Big crowd
If evolution is outlawed, only outlaws will evolve!
Heisey pops out to the pitcher.
Cards now trail 6-0. For tonight, it's time to focus on the Reds and Pittsburgh-Milwaukee.
Phillips singles to center.
BP with the single prevents a clean inning, which would have been Abad start for the Reds.
"Since I've been with the Reds in 1989, we've never had a farm system this loaded," Bowden said. "If we were the New York Yankees and had unlimited dollars, we could have traded for Colon, (Jeff) Weaver, Rolen, (Cliff) Floyd, (Kenny) Rogers and Finley and gotten them all -- and still held onto our top five prospects. That's an amazing statement."
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


text:
Drummondville (Quebec), Wednesday, April 17, 2013 - On April 15, 2013, the Canadian company Soucy International Inc. announced the launch of a brand new product in its line of Soucy Track agricultural track systems: the S-TECH 800. Designed for high-power tractors, this track system is the culmination of many years of research and development.
The commercial success enjoyed by Soucy Track over the past eight years, combined with our experience in the field, are clear indications that the track system market is booming. Assuming its role as a global industry leader, Soucy Track has made it its mission to offer farmers a system that leaves no room for compromise and outperforms anything on the market today.
"With this system, we've raised the bar, bringing every single detail that matters to farmers to a new level of evolution. No compromises were made in the creation of this system. Whenever a decision had to be made, we opted for performance and durability," said André Todd, General Manager of Soucy International Inc.
Read more...
Source: Soucy-Track


text:
Old Emanuel stormed to a 91-8 victory over visitors London Media last Saturday after an emphatic second-half showing.
Leading 25-8 after an impressive opening half, the New Malden outfit surpassed all expectations in the second period, with Rory Duncan scoring three tries in the first 66 seconds of the half as the Old Boys ran rampant.
In addition, there were tries from Pierre Walker (four) Jake Fordham (three), Dwayne Cruickshank, Will Askam and Ian McGregor, with Paul Hardwick hitting nine conversions and one penalty.


text:
Emergency call boxes are placed throughout campus and provide immediate contact to campus police. By pushing the call button a voice signal is sent directly to our base dispatch center. Base operators will send campus police officers to the calling station to take appropriate action. The dispatch center will stay on the "line" with the person making the call until campus police arrives on scene.
There are three types of distress stations that you will find on campus:
A map of our emergency call boxes can be found here.
If you have questions or would like more information about the emergency call boxes please contact campus police at 410-617-5010.


text:
One more cabalistic performance and the hocus-pocus was ended.
They regard it fixedly as hocus-pocus, childish if not wicked.
But it's plain to be seen there's no hocus-pocus about this thing.
Theres your own prestige too, and all the hocus-pocus and mummery that you know how to work on them.
I did so, and he began to perform all sorts of hocus-pocus over me.
His holiness made his hocus-pocus with the greatest devotion.
Only the witch-doctors could visit him, and their visits were official and hedged about with much flummery and hocus-pocus.
What the bewildered members of the Brigade made of all this hocus-pocus I had no idea.
Invisible, he could assist Mystiffio with the hocus-pocus and really produce some wonderful effects.
There was something behind the hocus-pocus; something that moved one's curiosity and tempted one to rash experiment.
1620s, Hocas Pocas, common name of a magician or juggler, a sham-Latin invocation used in tricks, probably based on a perversion of the sacramental blessing from the Mass, Hoc est corpus meum "This is my body." The first to make this speculation on its origin apparently was English prelate John Tillotson (1630-1694).
I will speak of one man ... that went about in King James his time ... who called himself, the Kings Majesties most excellent Hocus Pocus, and so was called, because that at the playing of every Trick, he used to say, Hocus pocus, tontus tabantus, vade celeriter jubeo, a dark composure of words, to blinde the eyes of the beholders, to make his Trick pass the more currantly without discovery. [Thomas Ady, "A Candle in the Dark," 1655]
Sleight-of-hand; trickery; monkey business
[1694+; originally a term for a juggler, and probably derived fr a juggler's spoken formula imitating the Church Latin phrase hoc est corpus, ''this is the body'']


text:
Moses Graphite Fretted Instrument Accessories & Parts
Results 1 - 1 of 1 matches
Best SellerMoses Graphite MSGF Graphite Stratocaster Neck
Delivers excellent stability, swell, and sustain.$384.99Compare Compare Now site1prodH71946
Results 1 - 1 of 1 matches
Delivers excellent stability, swell, and sustain.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


text:
Special premium koi food developed by Blackwater Creek Koi Farms. Protein-rich, fishmeal-based diet combines highly digestible plant proteins, fish oil, and more to support koi nutrition and growth. Floating pellets ideally suited when water temperature is above 65°F. Please specify small or medium pellet size for 5 lb bag. 65°F+
Please click on "More Information" for ingredients and feeding instructions.


text:
Reading Level: Grades 7 - 9
Josh spends a lot of his free time playing a virtual reality game that his parents despise. The game? Killing z's. Zombies. Meatbags. The undead. Doesn't matter what you call 'em, as long as you kill 'em quickly. And Josh is one of the best.
So good, in fact, that he's invited to play a secret IRL* version of the game. In prepping for his first game with another (female!) player named Charlie, he takes a drug called Z - to help him think just like the enemy. Josh soon spends so much of his time taking Z and prepping for or playing the IRL game that his friendships become strained.
What Josh doesn't know is that he's risking more than his friendships by playing. He's risking his life.
*noob definition: in real life
Check availability of Z
More books by Michael Thomas Ford
Other good zombie books:
Generation Dead by Daniel Waters
Infinity by Sherrilyn Kenyon
You Are So Undead to Me by Jay Stacey
Similar novels:
Little Brother by Cory Doctorow
Shade's Children by Garth Nix
Epic by Connor Kostick
So Yesterday by Scott Westerfeld


text:
Your shopping cart is empty!
Nike Inter Milan 2003 official home code 7 player version shirt in blue/black stripes with yellow trims.Features embroidered team crest with gold star on top.Embroidered Nike swoosh and felt placed sponsor in front.Mesh panels throughout.100% polyester.EU product.
Soccerplus first opened in 1994. We were one of the first soccer websites to hit the webView more
Address: 1640 E. Washington Blvd.
Pasadena, Ca 91104, USA
Phone: 1-800-945-7291
Get Direct


text:
Which VGA do you have ? Did you install the drivers if you have ATI or Nvidea ?
I am having issues finding a solution to fixing the resolution size in my newly installed BT5. It is currently set to "800:600." And I would love to change it to "1280:720." In BT4 I used the old "fix-vesa" but that alas that doesn't work. :/
Sorry for posting such an [I'm assuming obvious once I figure it out] question. But I've searched around and haven't found any quick fixes.
Thank you ahead of time for your answers and your patience.
Which VGA do you have ? Did you install the drivers if you have ATI or Nvidea ?
Maybe you can see the step-by-step here
I hope it helps
lspci|grep nVidia
I found I am using the
Nvidea NVS 5100M
I continued to install the driver and when I locate to the monitor configuration under system > preferences > monitors, I get the following message:
It appears that your graphics driver does not support the necessary extensions to use this tool. Do you want to use your graphics driver vendor's tool instead? Yes.
Then I get the following:
You do not appear to be using the NVIDIA X driver. Please edit your X configuration file (just run `nvidia-xconfig` as root), and restart the X server.
What now?!
Sorry again for the simplicity of my questions. I am still learning and am a beginner. Thanks for all of your help and great links posted thus far!
how do I install ATI drivers ?


text:
Back to Articles
LSU and Oklahoma State are One-Two in BCS Standings
Sunday, November 6, 2011
Alabama Drops One Slot to No. 3 After Overtime Loss to LSU After both winning tight games against highly-ranked opponents on Saturday night, LSU and Oklahoma State are No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, in the latest BCS Standings. LSU, which has been No. 1 since the first standings came out on Oct. 16, solidified its position by edging then-No. 2 Alabama, 9-6 in overtime on the road on Saturday. Oklahoma State won a 52-45 thriller over then-No. 13 Kansas State to take the Crimson Tide's slot at No. 2. Meanwhile, despite the loss, Alabama dropped just one spot to No. 3, remaining ahead of undefeated Stanford and Boise State, who are No. 4 and No. 5, respectively. The top two teams in the final BCS standings play in the Allstate BCS National Championship game in New Orleans this year (Monday, Jan. 9).Oklahoma remains at No. 6, followed by Oregon, which will have a chance to make a jump when it plays at No. 4 Stanford this weekend. No. 8 is Arkansas, which held off South Carolina (now No. 13) in a Saturday shootout. Two teams with byes last week - Clemson and Virginia Tech - slide into the top 10 at No. 9 and No. 10, respectively. The Hokies have a big game this Thursday, playing at No. 21 Georgia Tech.Houston, the fifth and final remaining undefeated team in the country, climbs to an all-time best No. 11 - the Cougars visit New Orleans this week for a meeting with Tulane in the Superdome on Thursday night.Joe Paterno's Penn State squad, with a surprising 8-1 mark, is the top-rated Big Ten team after jumping four spots to No. 12, despite not playing. The Nittany Lions host No. 19 Nebraska this Saturday - the Cornhuskers were shocked by unranked Northwestern at home to drop from the No. 10 position this week.Overall, the SEC has six teams in the top 25, while the Big 12 and the Big Ten each have five. The ACC has three top-25 programs, while the Pac-12 has just two - though both are in the top seven. Conference USA has two ranked teams with No. 22 Southern Miss joining undefeated Houston. Boise State (Mountain West) is the only other school representing non-automatic qualifying conferences. The Big East's lone representative is No. 23 Cincinnati.
November 6, 2011
BCS Standings


text:
Farm Call: Your Questions Answered
Addressing Old Racing Injuries in Prepurchase Exams
February 01, 2017
Q. How do I explain a retired racehorse's previous injury to a potential buyer?
Founder vs. Laminitis
January 25, 2017
Q. I hear a lot of people use the words laminitis and founder interchangeably. Are these two conditions the same thing?
Hay: Does Fertilization Matter?
January 18, 2017
Q. Should I look for hay that comes from a fertilized or unfertilized field? In what ways would the nutrition be affected? Does fertilizing the field increase the protein content of the hay? What are appropriate questions to ask regarding the hay?
How Much Grain Should I Feed My Colic-Prone Horse?
January 16, 2017
Q. An owner with a colicky horse is worried that grain could be the culprit and wants to know how much to feed.
Collecting Colostrum
January 13, 2017
Q. How can you collect colostrum and save it for future use, and how long can you keep it? A veterinarian weighs in.
Caudal Heel Pain or Navicular: What's the Right Term?
January 11, 2017
Q. A veterinarian explains terms often used to describe horses with front-limb lameness that might be associated with the navicular bone.
Scared Horse? Try Counter-Conditioning
January 04, 2017
Q. Learn how to teach your horse an alternate response to triggering stimuli.
Why is the Frog of My Horse's Foot Falling Off?
December 28, 2016
Q. A veterinarian who's also a certified farrier explains frog exfoliation and what you should do if it happens to your horse.
Watching the Herd
December 21, 2016
Q. I've read several articles that suggest watching your horse in the pasture to learn more about the herd's social structure and horse behavior in general. What are some specific things I should watch for?
Equine Behavior Changes Before Death
December 14, 2016
Q. Have horses been known to show significant behavior changes right before death? If so, why does this happen?
Spooky Objects: To Dwell or Not to Dwell
December 07, 2016
Q. Should you let a horse dwell on a spooky object?
Are Appeasing Pheromones Effective in Horses?
November 30, 2016
Q. Can you explain more about the effectiveness and availability of appeasing pheromones that can be rubbed in the nostrils of a horse to help reduce nervousness and anxiety?
Is There Such Thing as a Highly Sensitive Horse?
November 23, 2016
Q. Is it possible that some horses, like people, are born with a highly sensitive nervous system?
Mare and Foal Nutrition
November 16, 2016
Q. When feeding my mare and her 7-month-old foal, should I add and/or substitute alfalfa pellets or beet pulp to meet their calcium requirements?
Equine Pelvic Fracture Prognosis
November 09, 2016
Q. I have a 5-year-old mare that was diagnosed with a fractured pelvis, based on symptoms, in December 2013. She has now been off for 1 1/2 years. Is it worth a shot to attempt to bring her back again?
Can I Use the Bovine Lepto Vaccine on My Horse?
November 02, 2016
Q. I've been using Leptoferm 5 (the leptospirosis vaccine for swine and cattle) on my horses to get broad-spectrum coverage. Why do you never recommend this, as I've been using it for decades after having lost some foals to leptospirosis previously?
My Horse Lost a 'Baby Tooth.' Should I Be Concerned?
October 26, 2016
Q. My long yearling Dutch Warmblood mare knocked her tooth out so severely that it had to be removed by my vet. What is the long-term prognosis for a young horse losing a tooth prematurely?
Are Peppermints Spoiling My Horse's Diet?
October 19, 2016
Q. Will giving my horse peppermints offset the hard work we're doing to help her lose weight?
Unbridled Discomfort
October 12, 2016
Q. My Warmblood mare is "reverse bridle shy." She's worried the bit is going to clank her teeth, so she throws her head … and it clanks her teeth. What can I do to help this habit?
The Science Behind 'Licking and Chewing' in Horses
October 05, 2016
Q. What does "licking and chewing" really mean?
Help! Something Bit My Horse
September 28, 2016
Q. Rabies is a concern when horses are bitten by unknown animals. Find out how to protect your horse.
How Does Arena Footing Affect an Athletic Horse's Longevity?
September 21, 2016
Q. An equine sports medicine specialist shares how footing can impact soundness and offers footing selection advice.
How Old is My Pony?
September 14, 2016
Q. I have a pony who is a rescue, and I have no idea how old he is, which limits what I can do with him. Can you possibly shed some light on how I can estimate his age?
Feeding a Senior Hinny
September 07, 2016
Q. I have a 30-year-old hinny who is very skinny and is losing weight. Is there anything that I could give him to make him more comfortable, help him gain weight, and not cause him harm?
Obsessed with Salt
August 31, 2016
Q. My new 2-year-old filly is obsessively licking and biting her salt block. Does this suggest there's a problem with her diet or health, and can she hurt herself by consuming too much salt?