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Wall Street Journal distorted ICRC report; Rumsfeld followed suit
Research ››› ››› DUNCAN BLACK & GABE WILDAU
In an editorial on December 2 titled "Red Double-Crossed Again," The Wall Street Journal grossly distorted the content of an International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) report on the treatment of detainees at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Later that day on FOX News' The O'Reilly Factor, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld admitted he had "not had a chance to read" the ICRC report, but he apparently relied on the Journal as he echoed the editorial's distortions in an interview with host Bill O'Reilly.
A November 30 New York Times article first revealed the content of a confidential ICRC report, given to the Bush administration in July, that was critical of the treatment of so-called "unlawful enemy combatants" held at Guantánamo. While the Journal editorial did not mention the Times article directly, the Times was the first to report on the ICRC's July memo, and the editorial adopted some language from the Times article, distorting its meaning in the process.
The Journal editorial claimed without support that since the portions of the report were apparently leaked to the news media, the ICRC has "has thrown confidentiality aside," violating its longstanding tradition of "strict confidentiality agreements with cooperating governments." In fact, the Times did not disclose how it obtained the information; the article noted only that the ICRC report was "distributed to lawyers at the White House, Pentagon and State Department and to the commander of the detention facility at Guantánamo," any of whom could have been the source of the leak. The Journal insisted that "it matters little that the original leaker in this case might have been in the U.S. government," falsely claiming that "[o]fficials at ICRC headquarters were only too happy to confirm the document's authenticity." In fact, the ICRC merely released a statement asserting that "problems regarding conditions and treatment at Guantánamo Bay have not yet been adequately addressed." Rather than serving as "confirm[ation of] the document's authenticity," the statement could well have been a response to the Bush administration's repeatedly invoking ICRC visits to Guantánamo as proof that abuses have not occurred there.
From the November 30 New York Times article:
Antonella Notari, a veteran Red Cross official and spokeswoman, said that the organization frequently complained to the Pentagon and other arms of the American government when government officials cite the Red Cross visits to suggest that there is no abuse at Guantánamo. Most statements from the Pentagon in response to queries about mistreatment at Guantánamo do, in fact, include mention of the visits.
The Journal editorial also misrepresented the ICRC's specific criticisms of U.S. conduct at Guantánamo in order to make the group's positions appear ludicrous. "[T]he ICRC is alleging that the psychological conditions faced by Guantánamo detainees are 'tantamount to torture.' Why? Because -- we kid you not -- prisoners are being held for indefinite periods and the uncertainty is stressful," the editorial stated.
According to the Times, the ICRC report claimed that "the American military has intentionally used psychological and sometimes physical coercion 'tantamount to torture' on prisoners at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba." Though the Times does indicate that the ICRC was also concerned about the effect of indefinite detention on the prisoners' mental health, it was the psychological and physical coercion, and not the indefinite detention, that the ICRC reportedly deemed "tantamount to torture."
The Journal editorial also falsely claimed that the ICRC is "demanding POW status for un-uniformed combatants who target civilians." In fact, the ICRC made clear in a 2003 report titled "The legal situation of 'unlawful/unprivileged combatants'" that the group acknowledges a distinction between POWs and unlawful combatants and does not demand POW status for detainees captured in Afghanistan. Rather, the ICRC asserts that while these detainees may not be POWs as defined by the Third Geneva Convention ("Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War"), they still deserve more limited protections under the Fourth Geneva Convention ("Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War") and the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions.
The Journal editorial went even further in its misrepresentation of the ICRC's position on the legal rights of prisoners at Guantánamo, falsely claiming that the ICRC wants to grant them "even more privileges than legitimate POWs." The Journal claimed that since the Geneva Conventions allow POWs to "be held for the duration of the conflict so that they do not return to the battlefield," the ICRC's concern about the mental health effects of indefinite detention amounts to a demand for that detainees be released before the end of the war against Al Qaeda. In fact, the Times article indicates no such assertion by the ICRC.
Rumsfeld echoed the Journal's false interpretation of the ICRC report during his interview on The O'Reilly Factor, and O'Reilly agreed. Even though Rumsfeld's position would allow him access to the confidential ICRC report, he offered this false interpretation just after admitting that he hadn't read the ICRC report, suggesting that it came from the Journal.
From the December 2 edition of FOX News' The O'Reilly Factor:
O'REILLY: What do you think of the International Red Cross condemning the way the U.S.A. is treating prisoners in Guantánamo Bay?
RUMSFELD: I have not had a chance to read the late missive from them.
O'REILLY: They basically say we're torturing them. That's what they say.
RUMSFELD: Right. They say basically that holding people for the long-term without indicating to them is tantamount to mental torture.
O'REILLY: Right.
RUMSFELD: [T]hey've decided on their own that it is ... "tantamount to torture" to keep somebody without telling them how long they're going to stay in jail.
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text: News Stand Archive: August-November 2010October 27AOL Fanhouse: Oregon's replay man gets a significant workout October 26ESPN.com: Unbeatens beware on Anarchy Saturday (Forde)FoxSports.com: So far, this season's an enigma October 25ESPN.com: Sizing up unlikely conference races ESPN.com: Auburn is the right one October 21Wall Street Journal: College football's rising middle class October 20Times-Picayune: Sugar Bowl to sponsor elite high school tournament Associated Press: Vizio to be new Rose Bowl sponsor AOL Fanhouse: When it comes to upsets, Florida is king October 19ESPN.com: Dashing through the stock report (Forde)October 18ESPN.com: Passing the eye test (Schlabach)October 17SI.com: In season of chaos, it's time to put our trust in a steady hand (Mandel)October 14Associated Press: Halftime report is in on college football season October 13ESPN.com: Faster pace of football affects dynasties ESPN.com: Hitting the BCS campaign trail October 12ESPN.com: It's a mad, mad season so far (Forde-Yard Dash)October 11ESPN: On the Mark - Midseason Awards SI.com: College Football Overtime (Mandel)USA Today: Smell that? It's BCS chaos brewing October 10CBS Sports: Ohio State No. 1? Voters took the easy way out October 7ESPN.com: Don't sweat Big East's BCS statusESPN.com: GameDay Kickoff October 5ESPN.com: Forde-Yard Dash - Coaching blunders AOL Fanhouse: McMurphy's Law - The going for that extra extra point edition Associated Press: No apologies from Miles October 4SI.com: College Football Overtime - Miles in league of his own ESPN.com: On the Mark - Another year of undefeateds? October 1ESPN.com: Gators-Tide ranks among great battles September 30ESPN.com: College GameDay Kickoff September 28ESPN.com: September surprises, October forecasting (Forde-Yard Dash)Mr. College Football: First round of "playoffs" begins on Saturday Wall Street Journal: There's perfect, then there's perfect (25 undefeated teams remain)September 27ESPN.com: On the Mark - Clash of the titans Montgomery Advertiser: Carr wants modified college football playoff New York Times: Losing Oregon State coach has unusual influence on title race SI.com: College Football Overtime - weeding out process beginning CBS Sports: Boise continues legitimate run with latest victory September 26Los Angeles Times: Pac-10 Conference is growing and getting stronger September 24Fox Sports: Bowls could hit new low with 5-7 team September 23ESPN.com: College GameDay Kickoff ESPN.com: What to watch in the SEC September 22ESPN.com: SEC teams gear up for conference play September 21CBS Sports: Already out of the title race, ACC still has a ways to go ESPN.com: Forde-Yard Dash - Ode to fakery AOL Fanhouse: Big East gets a chance to save some face September 20AOL Fanhouse: Boise State's schedule is tougher than Nebraska's ESPN.com: Widespread panic - traditional powers looking at panic buttons SI.com: College Football Overtime September 19Las Vegas Review-Journal: BCS puts NCAA nice guy in bad spot September 17CBS Sports: Robinson looking like the latest, and greatest RichRod star Associated Press: Most undeserving Heisman Trophy winners Atlanta Journal-Constitution: College sports spending out-of-whack September 16ESPN.com: College GameDay Kickoff SI.com: Under-the-radar 'freelancers' a main source of college corruption Las Vegas Sun: BCS, Boise State among hot topics at Maaco Bowl Las Vegas event September 15Arizona Republic: Bowl games could bring $400 million boost to Arizona Mr. College Football: Is this going to be 2004 all over again? Rivals.com: Week 3 Viewer's Guide - things get a little tougher ESPN.com: Young players making a big difference September 14CBS Sports: Media follows logic to wrong poll position USA Today: Lattimore making immediate impact at South CarolinaUSA Today: Meet Mr. Robinson, Michigan's electrifying Heisman hopeful ESPN.com: Dash of discipline and desert drama September 13ESPN.com: On any given Saturday September 12SI.com: New wave of game-breaking QBs injecting life into teams Associated Press: The James Madison effect The State: Welcome to a new era of Gamecock football September 10ESPN.com: Match-up sparks memories of the Bear for Penn State, Paterno September 9Times-Picayune: Mickey Holmes put the Sugar Bowl into championship play ESPN.com: College GameDay Kickoff ESPN.com: Top 25 Overview September 8Fox Sports: Boise State win is what's right with college football September 7SI.com: Boise State has its marquee win, but BCS debate will rage on ESPN.com: Forde-Yard Dash - Get on the bus for week 2 Mr. College Football: The question? 12-0 Boise State or 12-1 SEC, ACC champCBS Sports: Dramatic win morphs Boise State from BCS curiosity to contender September 6Yahoo! Sports: Week 2 Watch - Trio of can't miss clashes September 5ESPN.com: College GameDay Final September 3NBC Sports: What's it going to take to topple the mighty SEC? ESPN.com: For coaches, opening weekend can't end soon enough SI.com: Utah proves its Pac-12 worthiness September 2USA Today: Why the BCS? So that every game counts ESPN.com: College GameDay Kickoff Los Angeles Times: How Boise adds up to No. 1 in the nation Wall Street Journal: Will college football sell in New York? Tri-City Herald: Business is booming in the Big East September 1Mr. College Football: NCAA wrong on Masoli ruling AOL Fanhouse: Masoli should be ineligible at Ole Miss Associated Press: Forecasting the BCS August 31ESPN.com: The most interesting Dash in the world (Forde)Denver Post: BYU deciding to go independent in football Omaha World-Herald: The Big Ten decision Macon Telegraph: Appearance fees for non-BCS programs growing August 30SI.com: College football overtime - Oregon State is central to 2010 races ESPN.com: SEC season predictions (Low)Times-Picayune: Alabama's the one constant in college football's changing landscape CBS Sports: 25 Things to watch for 2010 (Dodd)August 29New York Times: Long road to respect for Boise State, TCU Atlanta Journal-Constitution: Picking college football's No. 1 ever-controversial Birmingham News: The next big thing in scheduling - 9-game conference seasons USA Today: New Notre Dame coach getting an Irish education August 28AOL Fanhouse: Ranking the SEC coaches August 26Times-Picayune: Allstate renews its title sponsorship with Sugar Bowl Wall Street Journal: The Boise State nightmare August 25ESPN.com: Steady Nebraska embraces change (Forde)August 24SI.com: There's no debate - SEC football is still the best August 23Washington Post: Poor economy cuts into college athletics August 22Washington Post: A pro agent's case for paying college football players August 21Wall Street Journal: Change is hitting college football, like it or not August 19 Associated Press: Fresno State, Nevada Headed to MWCToledo Free Press: Hancock ready for football, defends BCSSI.com: WAC, Mountain West waiting on BYU in latest movesCBS Sports: Realignment boom could lead to more busts for small schoolsESPN.com: Conference cannibalism continues (Forde)August 18CBSSports.com: WAC, MWC Might Shuffle Off BCS Radar With Latest Re-ShufflingESPN.com: SEC West story lines (Low)August 17Wall Street Journal: Fixing college football's silly season ESPN.com: John Brantley has nation's toughest job (Schlabach)ESPN.com: Georgia's A.J. Green relies on lessons learned (Forde)ESPN.com: Derek Dooley's difficult task with the Vols (Low)ESPN,com: SEC East story lines (Low)August 16ESPN.com: What's hot (and not) for 2010 (Schlabach)ESPN.com: College football's must-see games for 2010 (Adelson)ESPN.com: Twenty teams with best title shot (Adelson)ESPN.com: Top 20 Heisman Trophy contenders for 2010 (Maisel)ESPN.com: College football coaches and teams that thrive in certain situations (Schlabach)August 14The Oregonian: Despite recession, college football ticket prices are higher than ever Times Magazine: Why sports ratings are surging on TV August 13SI.com: Football like it oughta be - why college blows away the NFL CBS Sports: Previewing the SEC ESPN.com: Ranking the SEC's quarterbacks ESPN.com: No exact science in creating a college quarterback (Maisel)August 12SI.com: Predicting the 10 trends that will define college football this decade ESPN.com: The great quarterback debate (Forde)ESPN.com: Top 10 QBs that fall outside the NFL prototype (Forde)ESPN.com: Greg McElroy confident in his skills (Maisel)Birmingham News: This is America, why not one coach, one vote? August 11Times-Picayune: New Orleans to bid on SEC Baseball TournamentAssociated Press: SECond to none - Southeastern Conference rulesESPN.com: Who's hot? Hottest/trendiest picks by conference ESPN.com: College players want playoff, but don't want to lose bowls ESPN.com: More teams turning to 3-4 defense (Schlabach)August 10ESPN.com: SEC has no peers on the field (Forde)ESPN.com: Great expectations can lead to greater letdowns (Schlabach)August 9ESPN.com: College football at a crossroads in 2010 (Maisel)ESPN.com: Tide may be turning in rivalry series (Forde)ESPN.com: College football's summer of discontent (Schlabach)Memphis Commercial-Appeal: Not so fast on Tide repeating August 7Los Angeles Times: Conferences expand, playoff hoes contract August 6USA Today: Alabama starts title defense at No. 1 AOL Fanhouse: SEC Commissioner Slive talks future of SEC and college football (Part 4)August 5AOL Fanhouse: SEC Commissioner Slive talks Kiffin, SEC (Part 3)August 4AOL Fanhouse: SEC Commissioner Slive talks tv deal, expansion (Part 2)August 3AOL Fanhouse: SEC Commissioner Mike Slive - The most powerful man in college sports (Part 1)August 1Los Angeles Times: College football story lines for 2010


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The show airs from 4-6 p.m. Central time Mondays-Fridays. It is available on WANI 1400AM in the Auburn area as well as 98.7FM plus 100.3 FM 2 for high definition radio listeners.
ITAT Radio is also available world-wide on the Internet at this link:
Fans interested in participating in the program by asking questions or making comments can call (334) 321-0800 or from out of the Auburn area the new toll free number is 1-866-883-0405 Additionally, questions can be asked by emailing email@example.com anytime day or night.


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Friendly Pines Cabins
Broken Bow, OK 74728
Friendly Pines Cabins are located in Southeastern Oklahoma near Beaver's Bend State Park and Lake Broken Bow. They...Learn More
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Beavers Bend Creative Escapes assists visitors with planning large family vacations or romantic getaways. Choose...Learn More
Mountain Fork Park in Broken Bow is a small campground popular for its beautiful rapids, small waterfalls and rock...Learn More
Get away for awhile and enjoy the many Broken Bow Lake/Beavers Bend State Park attractions at Broken Bow Vacation...Learn More
Castlewood Trails offers guests luxury lodging in the magnificent Beavers Bend area and near picturesque Broken Bow...Learn More
Broken Bow Adventures is a group of privately owned cabins located in the gorgeous Broken Bow Lake/Beavers Bend State...Learn More
The Three Rivers Wildlife Management Area covers 203,180 acres in McCurtain County in southeast Oklahoma. Displaying a...Learn More
From an intimate getaway to full-on family vacation, headquarter all your Broken Bow adventures at the the lovely...Learn More
The gentle flowing waters of Mountain Fork River in beautiful southeast Oklahoma will carry all your cares away with a...Learn More


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FONTANA -- Retail giant Walmart's decision to build two Supercenters here is already drawing opposition -- even though those stores might not open until 2016 -- or even later.
One of the nearly 200,000-square-foot supercenters is slated for south of the 210 Freeway at Sierra Avenue and the other is planned for south Interstate 10 near the intersection of Sierra and Slover Avenues.
More details to come.


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Washington : Government Printing Office
|Chap. 808
|Indian lands. Subsurface storage of oil or gas.
Page 754
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Act of May 11, 1938 (52 Stat. 347), is amended by adding at the end thereof (25 U. S. C. 396d) a new section 8 as follows:
"The Secretary of the Interior, to avoid waste or to promote the conservation of natural resources or the welfare of the Indians, is hereby authorized in his discretion to approve leases of lands that are subject to lease under section 1 of this Act or the Act of March 3, 1909
Page 755
(35 Stat. 783, 25 U. S. C. 396), for the subsurface storage of oil and gas, irrespective of the lands from which initially produced, and the Secretary is hereby authorized, in order to provide for the subsurface storage of oil or gas, to approve modifications, amendments, or extensions of the oil and gas or other mining lease(s), if any, in effect as to restricted Indian lands, tribal or allotted, and may promulgate rules and regulations consistent with such leases, modifications, amendments, and extensions, relating to the storage of oil or gas thereunder. Any such leases may provide for the payment of a storage fee or rental on such stored oil or gas or, in lieu of such fee or rental, for a royalty other than that prescribed in the lease when such stored oil or gas is produced in conjunction with oil or gas not previously produced. It may be provided that any oil and gas lease under which storage of oil or gas is so authorized shall be continued in effect at least for the period of such storage use and so long thereafter as oil or gas not previously produced is produced in paying quantities."
Approved, August 1, 1956.


text: For some wheelchair users, transferring between mobility devices can be too much. Inspired by his Grandfather's inability to access his local community, New Zealand maker Oscar Fernandez developed the IWA (Independent Wheelchair Assist), a motorized wheelchair accessory. Attaching the IWA to a standard wheelchair greatly enhances the users mobility while being easily disconnected when not in use. The IWA, along with many other fantastic devices, is entered to win the 2012 James Dyson Award, a student design award running in 18 countries to "encourage the next generation of design engineers to be creative, challenge and invent." [Thanks, Katie!]


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But while reading another thread about birth plans, I just had to see if anyone feels the same way I do.
I'm not writing a birth plan. I think attempting to control every aspect of how your labor is going to go is not only a little silly, but it's almost insulting to your doctor (or midwife, or what have you).
I respect why some people feel compelled to write a birth plan, but I'm hoping that communicating effectively with my OB ahead of time, and making sure my partner can advocate on my behalf if I am unable to, along with my trust in my doctor (or the other doctors in her practice who may be at my birth if she is unable to), will be sufficient.


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Miranda Lambert addresses tabloid rumors
Listen to Miranda Lambert on iHeartRadio
Miranda Lambert admits she used to be bothered by tabloid rumors about her, but now she can laugh at them. However, the country star tells NBC's "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" they can spark some strange encounters. She recalls how one person treated her following reports that she was expecting.
Rumors of babies and infidelity have been circulating around Lambert and her husband Blake Shelton, who are celebrating their second wedding anniversary Tuesday. Miranda says they won't be doing anything special to mark the occasion, because they're both too busy.
But the singer admits married life has included a few surprises. She explains that since she and Blake had been a couple several years before tying the knot she didn't think formally exchanging vows would make a difference, but that's "so not true." Lambert admits Shelton has a few annoying habits, like using her toothbrush, but she can "overlook that."
She also opens up about one of her own guilty pleasures -- TLC's "Here Comes Honey Boo Boo." Miranda says she's been a fan since seeing the family on "Toddlers & Tiaras," and back then predicted they would get their own series.
Lambert is promoting the new Pistol Annies album, which is in stores now. In addition to chatting with Jay, Miranda joined bandmates Ashley Monroe and Angaleena Presley to perform "I Feel A Sin Comin' On," from the trio's new album, "Annie Up."


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Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1929.
|Chap. 114
|Chippewa Indians, Minn.
Per capita payment to, from principal fund.
25 Stat., 645, vol. 1, 305.
|Chap. 114
|Provisos. Acceptance by tribe.
|Chap. 114
|Not subject to any lien, etc.
Page 474
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized to withdraw from the Treasury of the United States so much as may be necessary of the principal fund on deposit to the credit of the Chippewa Indians in the State of Minnesota, arising under section 7 of the Act of January 14, 1889 (Twenty-fifth Statutes at Large, 642), entitled "An Act for the relief and civilization of the Chippewa Indians in the State of Minnesota," and to make therefrom a per capita payment or distribution of $50 to each enrolled member of the tribe, under such rules and regulations as the said Secretary may prescribe: Provided, That before any payment is made hereunder the Chippewa Indians of Minnesota shall, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior, ratify the provisions of this Act and accept same: Provided further, That the money paid to the Indians as authorized herein shall not be subject to any lien or claim of attorneys or other parties.
Approved, January 30, 1925.


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Gallery Talk with 'Caesura' Artists Melinda Smith Altshuler and Doni Silver Simons
Beach=Culture at the Annenberg Community Beach House
Monday, January 28, 2013 from 6:30 PM to 8:00 PM (PST)
Event Details
(photo: Doni Silver Simons and Melinda Smith Altshuler)
5:15-6:15pm Docents available to discuss the site at the Marion Davies Guest House
6:30-8:00pm Gallery Talk and slide presentations
Caesura - the breath between: Clouds and Tides
Artists Doni Silver Simons and Melinda Smith Altshuler have created work for Caesura that are inspired by both the title and the seaside location of the gallery. In this Gallery Talk, the artists consider the question of how their ideas and specifically these works developed. From concept to final piece, both artists discuss their personal process, delving into the connections between Clouds and Tides to elucidate the visual experience of their work.
Melinda Smith Altshuler is a California native who has shown internationally, nationally and locally. Some of the countries she has shown in include; Italy, France, Germany, Costa Rica and Korea. Her work is included in private and public collections such as Dal Campo d'Osservasione, Italy, Laguna Art Museum Laguna, California and Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporaneo San José, Costa Rica and Self-Help Graphics, Los Angeles, California. Her most recent exhibitions include SO CLOSE AND YET SO FAR, at Mount St Mary's College, José Drudis-Biada Gallery, Los Angeles and CAESURA, THE BREATH BETWEEN at the Annenberg House Community Gallery, Santa Monica. Altshuler is a visual artist whose studio work addresses the many conditions of translucency and light through site-dictated installation, sculpture, photo-based projects and collage. Different translucent conditions are created through different translucent materials while light as well as shadow defines the spaces and allows for a view beyond the first reading. The California Light and Space Movement of the 60's as well as Italian Arte Povera movement can be seen referenced in Altshuler's choice of materials. Paint medium without color and the translucent tea-stained paper of tea bags and the use found materials have become an idiosyncratic signature. melindasmithaltshuler.com
Doni Silver Simons is an international painter, installation and performance artist living and working in Los Angeles. Silver Simons accumulates ritualized markings and deconstructs fibers to record our existential paradox: the dissolution of time coinciding with the accretion of memory. Ultimately, Silver Simons' work is one of contemporizing ancient themes. Her work unwinds the clock, returns the tapestry to the moment of its weaving and strips time bare to expose the magnitude of humanity's impact. Silver Simons most recently exhibited at the Museum of Art in Ein Harod, Israel, and the Wolfson Museum in Jerusalem, Israel. Her work is currently being exhibited Alchemy in the Projects Room at the Loft at Liz's, Los Angeles, in Caesura at the Annenberg Beach House, Santa Monica, and at the Gotthelf Art Gallery, La Jolla. She is represented regionally by Shulamit Gallery in Venice, CA. Silver Simons earned her BA in Studio Arts from University of Pittsburgh, and holds a MFA from Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. Her work has been featured in solo and group exhibitions at LACE Gallery, Los Angeles, Santa Monica Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles and the Tate Modern in London. A recipient of numerous grants and commissions, Silver Simons' work is included in many private and public collections, including the Mishkan Le Omanut in Ein Harod, Israel, the Detroit Institute of Arts, the University of Michigan Museum of Art at Ann Arbor, and the National Endowment for the Arts in Washington, D.C. donisilversimons.com
This Gallery Talk is in conjunction with:
Caesura (November 8, 2012 - February 8, 2012)
Curated by Maya Lujan
Artists: Doni Silver Simons | Julia Schwartz | Melinda Smith Altshuler | Aleve Mei Loh | Airom Bleicher
A caesura is a pause, gap or gesture used to emphasize the formal metrical construction of a line. From conceptual and material explorations of these pauses arises a tendency toward abstraction and a deep focus on the mystery of in-between states. Each of the six artists in this exhibition advance different painterly and sculptural issues in the liminal realm of the caesura.
Stop by early for information on the Beach House by docents from the Santa Monica Conservancy.
Tickets are free but space is limited and reservations are required. If you would like to attend, please reserve online. Please plan to arrive by 6:15pm to retain your reservation. Late seating, even for reservation-holders, is not guaranteed. To adjust or cancel your reservation for this event, email firstname.lastname@example.com. We appreciate your keeping in touch!
Directions: The Beach House is located at 415 Pacific Coast Highway, Santa Monica, CA 90402 on the west side of Pacific Coast Highway, a half mile north of the California Incline and a half mile south of Chautauqua Blvd. Plenty of public parking is available - enter off PCH at the Beach House Way traffic light. The facility is easily accessible by foot or bike from the beach bike path, although the Beach closes at sunset. There is ample bike parking at racks throughout the site - remember to bring your own lock.
Parking: For weekday evening Beach=Culture events October - April starting at 5pm, there is a special $5 parking charge at the park and pay machines available in three areas of the ACBH parking lot. Machines take cards and cash and this special rate is only for Beach=Culture attendees; please inform the attendant you are here for Beach=Culture and display your receipt on your dash. For regular fees and parking lot hours, please check the website for details.
Other events: To view & make reservations for future free Beach=Culture events, check http://annenbergbeachhouse.com/beachculture.
General Info: For hours, events and more, visit http://www.annenbergbeachhouse.com, or call 310-458-4904. Back on the Beach Café hours are subject to change but generally close by 3pm on winter weekdays - call ahead.
When & Where
415 Pacific Coast Hwy at Beach Coast Way
Santa Monica
Monday, January 28, 2013 from 6:30 PM to 8:00 PM (PST)
Add to my calendar
Beach=Culture at the Annenberg Community Beach House
Welcome to Beach=Culture, a year-round series of free arts and culture events at the Annenberg Community Beach House. The Beach House is a City of Santa Monica facility and is open to all - no membership required. For more information, please visit annenbergbeachhouse.com. Join our email lists for more information. #ArtSaMo


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Cobb to Have Arthroscopic Surgery
Dec. 1, 2008
LEXINGTON, Ky. - Freshman quarterback/wide receiver Randall Cobb will have arthroscopic surgery on Tuesday to repair cartilage in his left knee, Coach Rich Brooks has announced.
Cobb sustained the injury during Saturday's game at Tennessee. His status for Kentucky's upcoming bowl game will be determined following the surgery.
Cobb has started the last four games at quarterback. For the season, he has completed 52 of 99 passes (52.5 percent) for 542 yards and five touchdowns. He has rushed for 316 yards and seven touchdowns. At wide receiver, he has caught 21 passes for 197 yards and two touchdowns. He also is returning punts, averaging 8.4 yards per return.
Bowl Game Ticket Applications Due Dec. 7: The deadline for the University of Kentucky Athletics Ticket Office to receive advance bowl-game ticket applications from UK season-ticket holders is Sun. Dec. 7.
UK season-ticket holders have three options for filing their bowl-game applications:
- Fax to the ticket office at 859-323-1269
- Take to the ticket office at the Joe Craft Center (open Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.)
- On the internet at www.ukathletics.com
For ticket questions, fans should call 1-800-928-CATS or (859) 257-1818.


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Lisa - from philadelphia, PA
Candy pops made with Candy Melts can be made several weeks in advance of when you will use them. Just keep them out of direct light when storing them so the colors won't fade.
Cookie pops will usually keep for one week. Brownie Pops are best made a few days in advance.


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Davis Graham & Stubbs
Startups face a number of unique challenges – from picking the right entity type to finding capital to hiring employees. Let us help you explore some of these legal questions with DGS-UP.
Rockies Venture Club
Our mission is to advance Economic Development in the Rocky Mountain Region by actively connecting investors with the most promising entrepreneurial companies.
Colorado Alliance for Veteran Entrepreneurship
We believe military veterans are hard-wired for innovation and entrepreneurship. We want Colorado to be a place where veterans have pathways to become entrepreneurial and business leaders.
TiE Rockies
TiE is a non-profit, global community welcoming entrepreneurs from all over the world. We believe in the power of ideas to change the face of entrepreneurship and growing business through our five pillars; mentoring, networking, education, incubating and funding.


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Headaches - cluster
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cluster headaches.
What Are Cluster Headaches?
Cluster headaches are one of the most painful type of headache. They are marked by excruciating stabbing and penetrating pain, which is usually centered around the eye. Cluster headache attacks occur very suddenly and without warning, with the pain peaking within 15 minutes.
Symptoms of Cluster Headache Attacks
In addition to pain, symptoms of cluster headaches may include:
- Swollen or droopy eyelid
- Watery, tearing eye
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Contracted eye pupil
- Forehead and facial sweating
- Intolerance to light and sound
Who Gets Cluster Headaches?
- Cluster headaches are rare, affecting less than 1% of the population.
- Men are much more likely to suffer from cluster headaches than women.
- Many people who have cluster headaches have a personal or family history of migraine headaches.
Treatment of cluster headaches focuses on relieving pain when attacks occur, and on preventive strategies to reduce attack duration and frequency. Oxygen therapy and injections of sumatriptan (Imitrex, generic) are the most effective treatments for acute attacks. Verapamil (Calan, generic), a high blood pressure drug, is typically the first choice of medication used for long-term prevention.
Behavioral treatments can be a helpful supplement to drug therapy. These treatments include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and stress management. Patients should also identify and avoid any triggers, such as alcohol use and cigarette smoking, which may provoke cluster headache attacks.
Survey of Cluster Headache Patients
Results from the U.S. Cluster Headache Survey, the largest study of cluster headache patients ever completed in the United States, reveal:
- Diagnostic delays. Many patients with cluster headache experience at least a 5-year delay in having their symptoms correctly diagnosed as cluster headache. Only 21% of survey respondents reported a correct initial diagnosis. Sinusitis and migraine were common misdiagnoses.
- Suicidal thoughts. More than half (55%) of respondents reported experiencing suicidal thoughts.
- Time of attacks. Most cluster headache attacks occur between early evening and early morning hours, with a peak time of midnight- 3 a.m.
- Triggers. Alcohol, especially beer,is the most common trigger of attacks, followed by weather changes and smells.
Cluster headaches are among the most painful, and least common, of all headaches. The pain can be so excruciating that they are sometimes referred to as "suicide headaches." Their signature is a pattern of periodic cycles ("clusters") of headache attacks, which may be either:
- Episodic. Attacks recur frequently during periods of 1 weekto 1 year, separated by long pain-free periods that last at least 1 month. About 90% of patients have episodic cycles. ne.
- Chronic. Attacks occur regularly for more than 1 year, with pain-free periods lasting less than 1 month. Only about 10% of patients have chronic cluster headaches. The chronic form is very difficult to treat.
Typical Cluster Cycles
Timing of an Attack. Cluster headache attacks tend to occur with great regularity at the same time of day. (For this reason, cluster headaches are sometimes referred to as "alarm clock" headaches.) Most attacks occur between early evening and early morning, with peak time of midnight- 3 a.m.
Duration of an Attack. A single cluster attack is usually brief but extremely painful, lasting about 15 minutes – 2 hours if left untreated.
Number of Attacks per Day. During an active cycle, people can experience as few as 1 attack every other day to as many as 8 attacks a day.
Duration of Cycles. Attack cycles typically last 6 - 12 weeks with remissions lasting up to 1 year. In the chronic form, attacks are ongoing, and there is little remission. Attacks cycles tend to occur seasonally, most often in the spring and autumn.
Primary Headaches That Resemble Cluster Headaches
Cluster headaches are a type of primary headache. A headache is considered primary when it is not caused by another disease or medical condition. Other primary headaches that resemble cluster headache include:
- Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania is very similar to cluster headache. It causes multiple, short, and severe daily headaches with symptoms resembling those of cluster headache. As compared to cluster headaches, the attacks are shorter (1 - 2 minutes) and more frequent (occurring an average of 9 - 15 times a day). This headache is even rarer than cluster headache, tends to occur equally in women and men, and responds to treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (Indocin, generic).
- Hemicrania Continua. Hemicrania continua occurs mostly in women. The pain, which can range from mild to severe, occurs continuously on one side of the face. Periodic attacks can last from days to weeks, and may resemble migraines. It is usually treated with indomethacin.
- SUNCT Syndrome. SUNCT syndrome (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) causes stabbing or burning eye pain that may resemble cluster headaches, but attacks are very brief (lasting about a minute) and may occur more than 100 times per day. Red and watery eyes, sweating forehead, and congestion are typical. This rare headache is more common in men than womenand does not respond tousual headache treatments.
Cluster headaches, like migraines, are likely due to an interaction of abnormalities in the blood vessels and nerves that affect regions in the face.
Abnormalities in the Hypothalamus
Evidence strongly suggests that abnormalities in the hypothalamus, a complex structure located deep in the brain, play a major role in cluster headaches. Advanced imaging techniques have shown that a specific area in the hypothalamus is activated during a cluster headache attack.
The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of many important chemicals and nerve pathways, including:
- Nerve clusters that regulate the body's biologic rhythms (its circadian rhythms)
- Serotonin and norepinephrine. These are neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain) that are involved with well-being and appetite.
- Cortisol (stress hormones)
- Melatonin (a hormone related to the body's response to light and dark)
- Beta-endorphins (substances that modulate pain)
By some not completely understood mechanism, the trigeminal nerve is also involved. The trigeminal nerve carries sensations from the face to the brain.
Circadian Abnormalities. Cluster attacks often occur during specific sleep stages. They also often follow the seasonal increase in warmth and light. Many patients report an increase in attacks when daylight savings time changes occur in the fall and spring. Researchers have therefore focused attention on circadian rhythms, and in particular small clusters of nerves in the hypothalamus that act like biologic clocks. The hormone melatonin is also involved in the body's biologic rhythms.
Dilation of Blood Vessels
Cluster headaches are associated with dilation (widening) of blood vessels and inflammation of nerves behind the eye.
What causes these events and how they relate to cluster headaches are still unclear. Because blood vessel dilation appears to follow, not precede, the pain, some action originating in the brain is likely to be part of the process.
Abnormalities in the Sympathetic Nervous System
Some evidence suggests that abnormalities in the sympathetic (also called autonomic) nervous system may contribute to cluster headaches. This system regulates non-voluntary muscle actions in the body, such as in the heart and blood vessels.
The pain of cluster headaches can be intolerable. In fact, a higher-than-average rate of suicidal thoughtshas been reported in men with these headaches. Eventually, as people age, the attacks cease, but doctors cannot predict when or how they will end.
Effects on Mental and Emotional Functioning
Anxiety and depression are common among people with cluster headaches, which can affect functioning and quality of life.
Auras and Medical Risks
Some patients with cluster headachesexperience migraine-like aura. Research suggests that headaches that are accompanied by aura may increase the risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIA symptoms are similar to those of stroke, but last only briefly. A TIA is often a warning sign that a person is at risk for having a more severe stroke. Headaches with auras may also increase the risk for eye retinal damage (retinopathy). Aura-related headaches may affect the small blood vessels in the brain and the eyes, thereby increasing the risks for stroke and retinopathy.
Risk Factors
Cluster headaches are rare, affecting less than 1% of the population.
Cluster headaches can affect all ages, from children to the elderly, but are most common from young adulthood through middle age. In men, the typical age of onset is in the 30s. In women, cluster headaches often develop in the 60s.
Men are 2 - 3 times more likely to have cluster headaches than women. Unlike with migraines, fluctuations in estrogen and other female hormones do not appear play a role in cluster headaches.
Lifestyle Factors
Lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol abuse, and stress (in particular stressful work situations), definitely affect cluster headaches. Smoking can trigger attacks. (However, quitting smoking generally does not stop the headaches.) Alcohol, especially beer, is the most common attack trigger.
Family History and Genetic Factors
Cluster headaches tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component may be involved in some cases.
History of Migraine
About half of people with cluster headache have a personal or family history of migraine. About 15% of patients have both kinds of headache.
Head Injury
Head injury with brain concussion appears to increase the risk of cluster headaches, although a causal relationship has not been proven.
Sleep Apnea and Other Sleep Disorders
Cluster headaches tend to occur during specific sleep stages and have been associated with several sleep disorders, including narcolepsy, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea.
Sleep apnea, a disorder in which a person's breathing pauses during the night, perhaps hundreds of times, is of particular interest. In some people, apnea may trigger a cluster headache during the first few hours of sleep, making patients susceptible to follow-up attacks during the following midday to afternoon periods. Treating patients who have both disorders with a device called CPAP, which opens the airways, may help improve both conditions.
Cluster Headache Triggers
The following conditions and substances may trigger cluster attacks:
- Alcohol and cigarette smoking
- Weather changes
- High altitudes (trekking, air travel)
- Smells
- Bright light (including sunlight or flashing lights)
- Exertion
- Heat (hot weather, hot baths or showers)
- Foods high in nitrites (such as bacon and preserved meats)
- Certain medications (including those that cause blood vessel dilation, such as nitroglycerin, and various blood pressure medications)
- Cocaine
Triggers usually have an effect only during active cluster cycles. When the disorder is in remission, such triggers rarely set off the headaches.
Cluster headaches usually strike suddenly and without warning, although some people have a migraine-type aura before the attack. The pain is deep, constant, boring, piercing, or burning in nature, and located in, behind, or around the eye. The pain then spreads to the forehead, jaw, upper teeth, temples, nostrils, shoulder or neck. The pain and other symptoms usually remain on one side of the head.
The pain generally reaches very severe levels within 15 minutes. Patients may feel agitated or restless during an attack and often want to isolate themselves and then move around. Gastrointestinal symptoms are not very common.
Other typical symptoms include:
- Swollen or droopy eyelid
- Watery, tearing eye
- Contraction of the eye pupil
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Forehead and facial sweating
- Restlessness and agitation
- Nausea and vomiting
- Intolerance to light and sound
Many patients report a delay of more than 5 years in the diagnosis of their cluster headaches. Migraine-like symptoms (light and sound sensitivity, aura, nausea, vomiting) are major reasons for the frequent misdiagnosis. In some cases, patients are inappropriately treated for other types of headaches (like migraine) or health conditions (like sinusitis).
Medical and Personal History
Cluster headache is diagnosed by medical history, including the pattern of recurrent attacks, and by typical symptoms (swollen eyelid, watery eye, runny nose). Keeping a headache diary to record a description of attacks can help the doctor make an accurate diagnosis. The patient should describe to the doctor:
- Frequency of attacks (if keeping a diary, record the date and time of each attack)
- Description of pain (stabbing, throbbing)
- Location of pain
- Duration of pain
- Intensity of pain (using a number scale like the one below)
- Associated symptoms (tearing eyes, nausea and vomiting, sweating)
- Any measures that bring relief (applying pressure, going out for fresh air)
- Any events that preceded or may have triggered the attack
- Any medications you are taking
- Behaviors during a headache (restlessness, agitation)
- Snoring, sleep disturbances, or daytime sleepiness (these could relate to sleep apnea, which is sometimes associated with cluster headache)
Pain may be indicated by using a number system:
1 = Mild, barely noticeable
2 = Noticeable, but does not interfere with work or activities
3 = Distracts from work or activities
4 = Makes work or activities very difficult
5 = Incapacitating
Physical Examination
Indiagnosing a chronic headache, the doctor will examine the head and neck and perform a neurologic examination, which includes a series of simple exercises to test strength, reflexes, coordination, and sensation. The doctor may also examine the eyes. The doctor may ask questions to test short-term memory and related aspects of mental function.
Imaging Tests
The doctor may order an imaging test to check for brain abnormalities that may be causing the headaches. For imaging tests, MRIs are preferred over computed tomography (CT) scans because they do not expose patients to radiation.
Ruling Out Other Headaches and Medical Disorders
As part of the diagnosis, a doctor should rule out other headaches and disorders. If the results of the history and physical examination suggest other or accompanying causes of headaches or serious complications, extensive imaging tests are performed.
Migraines. Cluster headaches are often misdiagnosed as migraines but they are quite different:
- Frequency and Duration. Cluster headaches generally last 15 minutes to a few hours and can occur several times a day. A single migraine attack is continuous over the course of one or several days.
- Behavior. Cluster headache sufferers tend to move about while migraine sufferers usually want to lie down.
Nevertheless, in both cases, the headache suffers can be highly sensitive to light and noise, which may make it difficult to distinguish between them.
Other Headaches. Other primary headaches that resemble cluster headaches include SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) and chronic paroxysmal hemicranias. Cluster headache may also resemble some secondary headaches notably trigeminal neuralgia (TN), temporal arteritis, and sinus headaches. Cluster symptoms, however, are usually precise enough to rule out these other types of headaches.
Tear in the Carotid Artery. A tear in the carotid artery (which carries blood to the brain) can cause pain that resembles a cluster headache. People with this condition mayalso respond to sumatriptan, a drug used to treat a cluster attack. Doctors should consider imaging tests for patients with a first episode of cluster headache in which this event is suspected.
Orbital Myositis. An unusual condition called orbital myositis, which produces swelling of the muscles around the eye, may mimic symptoms of cluster headache. This condition should be considered in patients who have unusual symptoms such as protrusion of the eyeball, painful eye movements, or pain that does not dissipate within 3 hours.
Headache Symptoms that Could Indicate Serious Underlying Disorders
Headaches indicating a serious underlying problem, such as cerebrovascular disorder or malignant hypertension, are uncommon. (A headache without other neurological symptoms is not a common symptom of a brain tumor.) People with existing chronic headaches may, however, miss a more serious condition believing it to be one of their usual headaches. Such patients should immediately call a doctor if the quality of a headache or accompanying symptoms has changed. Everyone should call a doctor for any of the following symptoms:
- Sudden, severe headache that persists or increases in intensity over the following hours, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or altered mental states (possible indication of hemorrhagic stroke, which is also called brain hemorrhage).
- Sudden, very severe headache, worse than any headache ever experienced (possible indication of brain hemorrhage or a ruptured aneurysm).
- Chronic or severe headaches that begin after age 50.
- Headaches accompanied by other symptoms, such as memory loss, confusion, loss of balance, changes in speech or vision, or loss of strength in or numbness or tingling in arms or legs (possibility of stroke).
- Headaches after head injury, especially if drowsiness or nausea are present (possibility of brain hemorrhage).
- Headaches accompanied by fever, stiff neck, nausea and vomiting (possibility of meningitis).
- Headaches that increase with coughing or straining (possibility of brain swelling).
- A throbbing pain around or behind the eyes or in the forehead accompanied by redness in the eye and perceptions of halos or rings around lights (possibility of acute glaucoma).
- A one-sided headache in the temple in elderly people; the artery in the temple is firm and knotty and has no pulse; scalp is tender (possibility of temporal arteritis, which can cause blindness or stroke if not treated).
- Sudden onset and then persistent, throbbing pain around the eye possibly spreading to the ear or neck unrelieved by pain medication (possibility of blood clot in one of the sinus veins of the brain).
Managing Cluster Headaches
Management of cluster headaches focuses on:
- Acute therapy for stopping an attack while it is happening
- Preventive therapy for stopping or reducing attack recurrences
Treating Attacks
The most effective and best-studied treatments for a cluster attack are:
- Oxygen inhalation.
- Triptan drugs. Usually an injection of the triptan drug sumatriptan (Imitrex, generic), which is FDA-approved for cluster headache treatment. Intranasal formulations of sumatriptan or zolmitriptan (Zomig) are alternatives.
Relief can occur in 5 - 10 minutes. Oxygen and sumatriptan injection are sometimes given together.
Other drugs that may be used for acute attacks are nasal sprays of dihydroergotamine or lidocaine.
Preventing Attacks
Cluster headache attacks are usually short, lasting from 15 - 180 minutes, and the excruciating pain may have subsided by the time a patient reaches a doctor's office or emergency room.
Because it can be difficult to treat attacks when they occur, treatment efforts focus on the prevention of attacks during cluster cycles. Although certain drugs are standard, preventive therapy needs to be individually tailored for each patient. The doctor may prescribe a combination of drugs.
Verapamil (Calan, generic), a calcium-channel blocker drug, is the mainstay preventive treatment for cluster headaches. However, it can take 2 - 3 weeks for this drug to take effect. During this period, corticosteroids (typically prednisone) may be used as an initial transitional therapy. For long-term treatment of chronic cluster headaches, lithium may be used as an alternative to verapamil.
Although they are not FDA-approved for cluster headache, anti-seizure drugs such as divalproex sodium (Depakote, generic) valproate sodium (Depacon, generic), valproic acid (Depakene, generic), topiramate (Topamax, generic), and gabapentin (Neurontin) are sometimes used for preventive treatment.
Behavioral Treatments and Lifestyle Changes
Behavioral Treatments. Behavioral therapiesare a helpful accompaniment to drug treatment. These approaches can help with pain management and enable patients to feel more in control of their condition.
Behavioral approaches include:
- Relaxation treatment combined with biofeedback
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Lifestyle Changes. Patients should avoid the following triggers that may provoke cluster headache attacks:
- Alcohol. Heavy alcohol use is strongly associated with cluster headaches, although it is not clear if alcohol triggers pain or is simply used as a coping mechanism for dealing with severe pain.
- Cigarette smoking. Many studies indicate that a majority of patients with cluster headache are cigarette smokers. While studies have not shown that quitting cigarettes will stop cluster headaches, smoking cessation should still be a goal. Smokers who can't quit should at least stop at the first sign of an attack and not smoke throughout a cycle.
Treatment for Acute Attacks
Oxygen Therapy
Breathing pure oxygen (by face mask, for 15 minutes or less) is one of the most effective and safest treatments for cluster headache attacks. It is often the first choice treatment. Inhalation of oxygen raises blood oxygen levels, therefore relaxing narrowed blood vessels.
Triptans are drugs that are usually used to treat migraine headaches. They can also help stop a cluster attack. An Injection of sumatriptan (Imitrex, generic) is the standard triptan treatment and is FDA-approved for cluster headaches. Sumatriptan injections usually work within 15 minutes. The nasal spray form may also be effective for some patients, and generally provides relief within 30 minutes. The spray seems to work best for attacks that last at least 45 minutes, although some people find it does not work as well as the injectable form.
Zolmitriptan (Zomig) is another triptan drug used for cluster headache treatment. It is given in either oral or nasal spray form. Zolmitriptan may have fewer side effects than sumatriptan.
Side Effects. Side effects of sumatriptan may include:
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Muscle weakness
- Heaviness or pressure in the chest
- Tingling and numbness in the toes
- Rapid heart rate
Complications and Contraindications of Triptans. The following are potentially serious problems with triptans:
- Complications on the Heart and Circulation. Triptans narrow (constrict) blood vessels. Because of this action, spasms in the blood vessels may occur, which can cause stroke and heart attack. This is a rare but very serious side effect. Patients with a history of heart attack, stroke, angina, uncontrolled high blood pressure, peripheral artery disease, or heart disease should not use triptan drugs.
- Serotonin Syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition that occurs from an excess of the brain chemical serotonin. Triptans, as well as certain types of antidepressant medications, can increase serotonin levels. These antidepressant drugs include serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (Prozac, generic), paroxetine (Paxil, generic), and sertraline (Zoloft, generic) and selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor, generic). It is very important that patients not combine a triptan drug with an SSRI or SNRI drug. Serotonin syndrome is most likely to occur when starting or increasing the dose of a triptan or antidepressant drug. Symptoms include restlessness, hallucinations, rapid heartbeat, tremors, increased body temperature, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. You should seek immediate medical care if you have these symptoms.
Injections of the ergotamine-derived drug known as dihydroergotamine (DHE, Migranal) can stop cluster attacks within 5 minutes in many patients, offering benefits similar to injectable sumatriptan. Ergotamine is also available in the form of a nasal spray, rectal suppositories, and tablets.
Ergotamine can have dangerous drug interactions with many medications, including sumatriptan. All ergotamine products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) contain a "black box" warning in the prescription label explaining these drug interactions. Because ergotamine constricts blood vessels, patients with peripheral vascular disease should not use this drug.
Local Anesthetics
Lidocaine, a local anesthetic, may be useful in nasal-spray or nasal-drop form for stopping cluster attacks. It usually takes effect within about 40 minutes. Lidocaine can have an unpleasant taste. Some doctors recommend that patients try a nasal application of lidocaine to see if it helps ease pain.
Capsaicin is a compound derived from hot pepper. Some patients who have not found relief through other medications use it to treat or prevent cluster headaches by applying it intranasally. There have been few studies to confirm its effectiveness. It can cause an intense burning sensation.
Preventive Medications
Calcium-Channel Blockers
Calcium-channel blockers, commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease, are important drugs for preventing episodic and chronic cluster headaches. Verapamil (Calan, generic) is the standard calcium-channel blocker used for cluster headache prevention. It can take 2 - 3 weeks to have a full effect, and a corticosteroid drug may be used in combination during this transitional period. Constipation is a common side effect.
People taking calcium-channel blockers should not stop taking the drug abruptly. Doing so can dangerously increase blood pressure. Overdose can cause dangerously low blood pressure and slow heart beats.
Lithium (Eskalith, generic), commonly used for bipolar disorder, may also help prevent cluster headaches. Thebenefits of lithium usually appearwithin 2 weeks of starting the drug, and often within the first week. Lithium may be used alone or with other drugs. Lithium can have many side effects including trembling hands, nausea, and increased thirst. Weight gain is a common side effect with long-term use.
Corticosteroid drugs (also called steroids) are very useful as transitional drugs for stabilizing patients after an attack until a maintenance drug, such as verapamil, begins to take effect. Prednisone (generic) and dexamethasone (Decadron, generic) are the standard steroid drugs used for short-term cluster headache transitional treatment. These drugs are typically taken for a week and then gradually tapered off. If headaches return, the patient may start taking the steroid again. Unfortunately, long-term use of steroids can lead to serious side effects so they cannot be taken for on-going prevention.
Steroid injections may also provide short-term relief. Some patients are helped by an occipital nerve block in which an anesthetic and a corticosteroid are injected into the occipital nerve in the back of the head. Researchers are also investigating suboccipital injections where a steroid is injected into the base of the skull on the same side as the headache attack.
Anti-Seizure Drugs
Anti-seizure drugs, which are used for epilepsy treatment, may be helpful for preventing cluster headaches in some patients. They include older drugs such as divalproex (Depakote, generic), valproate (Depacon, generic), and valproic acid (Depakene, generic) and newer drugs such as topiramate (Topamax, generic) and gabapentin (Neurontin, generic). More research needs to be done to evaluate how effective these drugs are at preventing cluster headaches.
Investigational Drugs
Botulinum. Botulinum toxin A (Botox) injections are typically used to smooth wrinkles. Botox is also being studied for treatment of headaches, and is approved for prevention of chronic migraine. Research on its use for cluster headache prevention is still preliminary, and there is not sufficient evidence to support its efficacy.
Melatonin. Small reports indicate that melatonin, a brain hormone that helps to regulate the sleep-wake cycle, may help prevent episodic or chronic cluster headaches. Melatonin supplements are sold in health food stores, but as with most natural remedies, the quality of different preparations varies, and they have not been rigorously tested for safety or effectiveness. More studies are needed.
In rare cases, surgical intervention may be considered for patients with chronic cluster headaches that do not respond to other treatments. Patients whose headaches have not gone into remission for at least a year may also be candidates for surgery. Most surgical approaches for cluster headache are still considered experimental, having been tested only on a relatively small number of patients. Surgery has shown limited success and can have distressing side effects. However, some surgical techniques, such as deep brain electrical stimulation, are showing promise.
Deep Brain Electrical Stimulation
Deep brain stimulation (also called neurostimulation) may relieve chronic cluster headaches in some patients who do not respond to drug therapy. A similar technique is approved for treating the tremors associated with Parkinson's disease. The surgeon implants a tiny wire in a specific part of the hypothalamus. The wire receives electrical pulses from a small generator implanted under the collarbone.
Although only a small number of patients have been treated, results to date are promising. Some patients have remained completely free of pain for an average of more than 7 months when the electrode is switched on. When the device is turned off, headaches reappear within days to weeks. The procedure is reversible and appears to be generally safe, although a few cases of fatal cerebral hemorrhage have occurred.
Occipital Nerve Stimulation
Occipital nerve stimulation is being investigated as a less invasive and less risky alternative to deep brain hypothalamus stimulation. Recent studies have reported promising results in a small group of patients with cluster headaches. Some patients became pain-free, while others had reduced frequency of headache attacks.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation
The vagus nerve runs between the brain and the abdomen. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a surgical procedure in which a small generator is placed under the skin on the left side of the chest. A surgeon makes a second incision in the neck and connects a wire from the generator to the vagus nerve. A doctor programs the generator to send mild electrical pulses at regular intervals. These pulses stimulate the vagus nerve.
VNS is sometimes used to treat epilepsy and depression that does not respond to drugs. It is also being investigated as a possible treatment for chronic migraine and cluster headaches.
Procedures to Block or Remove Facial Nerves That Cause Pain
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Retrogasserian Rhizotomy. Percutaneous radiofrequency retrogasserian rhizotomy (PRFR) generates heat to destroy pain-carrying nerve fibers in the face. Unfortunately complications are common and include numbness, weakness during chewing, changes in tearing and salivation, and facial pain. In severe, but rare, cases, complications include damage to the cornea and vision loss.
Percutaneous Retrogasserian Glycerol Rhizolysis. Percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizolysis (PRGR) is a less invasive technique than PRFR and has fewer complications. It involves injections of glycerol to block the facial nerves that cause the pain. Cluster headaches usually recur.
Microvascular Decompression of the Trigeminal Nerve. Microvascular decompression frees the trigeminal nerve from any blood vessels that are pressing against it. The procedure is risky, and possible complications include nerve and blood vessel injury and spinal fluid leakage. There is reasonably good evidence that it is not effective for treatment of cluster headaches.
- www.headaches.org -- National Headache Foundation
- www.achenet.org -- American Headache Society
- www.ninds.nih.gov -- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- www.ihs-headache.org -- International Headache Society
Ashkenazi A, Schwedt T. Cluster headache--acute and prophylactic therapy. Headache. 2011 Feb;51(2):272-86.
Barloese M, Jennum P, Knudsen S, Jensen R. Cluster headache and sleep, is there a connection? A review. Cephalalgia. 2012 Apr;32(6):481-91. Epub 2012 Mar 9.
Bartsch T, Paemeleire K, Goadsby PJ. Neurostimulation approaches to primary headache disorders. Curr Opin Neurol. 2009 Jun;22(3):262-8.
Beithon J, Gallenberg M, Johnson K, Kildahl P, Krenik J, Leibow M, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Diagnosis and treatment of headache. Updated January 2013.
Cohen AS, Burns B, Goadsby PJ. High-flow oxygen for treatment of cluster headache: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009 Dec 9;302(22):2451-7.
Digre KB. Headaches and other head pain. In: Goldman L and Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2012: chap 405.
Garza I, Swanson W, Cheshire WP, Boes CJ, Capobianco DJ, Vargas F, et al. Headache and other craniofacial pain. In: Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 6th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2012: chap 69.
Grover PJ, Pereira EA, Green AL, Brittain JS, Owen SL, Schweder P, et al. Deep brain stimulation for cluster headache. J Clin Neurosci. 2009 Jul;16(7):861-6. Epub 2009 Apr 23.
Hedlund C, Rapoport AM, Dodick DW, Goadsby PJ. Zolmitriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of cluster headache: a meta-analysis of two studies. Headache. 2009 Oct;49(9):1315-23.
Law S, Derry S, Moore RA. Triptans for acute cluster headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Apr 14;4:CD008042.
Leone M, Bussone G. Pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Lancet Neurol. 2009 Aug;8(8):755-64.
Leroux E, Valade D, Taifas I, Vicaut E, Chagnon M, Roos C, et al. Suboccipital steroid injections for transitional treatment of patients with more than two cluster headache attacks per day: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Oct;10(10):891-7. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
Nesbitt AD, Goadsby PJ. Cluster headache. BMJ. 2012 Apr 11;344:e2407.
Rozen TD, Fishman RS. Cluster headache in the United States of America: demographics, clinical characteristics, triggers, suicidality, and personal burden. Headache. 2012 Jan;52(1):99-113. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
Advanced Studyec
Related Informationec
Review Date: 12/24/2013�
Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.


text:
Rua: Baro da Torre, 175 casa 1, Ipanema
Easy public transportation - local buses and metro - to and from everywhere. Shuttle bus named Real from the International and Domestic airports. The International Airport is approximately 20 km and 30 minutes by car, Domestic Airport Santos Dumont approximately 30 minutes by car. A taxi to the bus station will cost approx. R$50and to the airport R$70.
Hostelworld モバイルアプリ
Hostelworld モバイル用アプリで外出中でも予約可能です。


text: We are pleased to announce the release of TORQUE 2.5.2. You can download the latest version at http://www.clusterresources.com/downloads/torque/torque-2.5.2.tar.gz <http://www.clusterresources.com/downloads/torque/torque-2.5.2.tar.gz> We have not yet updated our website with the changes. However, following is a list of changes for 2.5.2. We will update our site as soon as possible. 2.5.2 e - Allow the nodes file to use the syntax node[0-100] in the name to create identical nodes with names node0, node1, ..., node100. (also node[000-100] => node000, node001, ... node100) b - fix support of the 'procs' functionality for qsub. b - remove square brackets [] from job and default stdout/stderr filenames for job arrays (fixes conflict with some non-bash shells) n - fix build system so README.array_changes is included in tar.gz file made with "make dist" n - fix build system so contrib/pbsweb-lite-0.95.tar.gz, contrib/qpool.gz and contrib/README.pbstools are included the the tar.gz file made with "make dist" c - fixed crash when moving the job to a different queue (bugzilla 73) e - Modified buildutils/pbs_mkdirs.in to create server_priv/nodes file at install time. The file only shows examples and a link to the TORQUE documentation. This enhancement was first committed to trunk. c - fix pbs_server crash from invalid qsub -t argument b - fix so blcr checkpoint jobs work correctly when put on hold b - fixed bugzilla #75 where pbs_server would segfault with a double free when calling qalter on a running job or job array. e - Changed free_br back to its original form and modifed copy_batchrequest to make a copy of the rq_extend element which will be freed in free_br. b - fix condition where job array "template" may not get cleaned up properly after a server restart b - fix to get new pagg ID and add additional CSA records when restarting from checkpoint e - added documentation for pbs_alterjob_async(), pbs_checkpointjob(), pbs_fbserver(), pbs_get_server_list() and pbs_sigjobasync(). b - Commited patch from Eygene Ryanbinkin to fix bug 61. /dev/null would under some circumstances have its permissions modified when jobs exited on a compute node. b - only clear the mom state when actually running the health check script e - allow input of walltime in the format of [DD]:HH:MM:SS b - Fix so BLCR checkpoint files get copied to server on qchkpt and periodic checkpoints Thanks to everyone who has helped with this release. Ken Nielson Adaptive Computing -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.supercluster.org/pipermail/torqueusers/attachments/20100903/9be3edd4/attachment.html


text: Meet a Specialist: Angela Turalba, M.D., MMS As a Glaucoma Specialist, Dr. Angela Turalba is deeply committed to improving her patients' quality of life. "Glaucoma is a challenging disease to treat," she says. "As a physician, I find great satisfaction in having the knowledge and resources to help patients not only manage their disease, but also have the best quality of life as possible." Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world; left untreated it progresses to irreversible vision loss, which underscores the critical need for early diagnosis and treatment. The World Health Organization estimates that over 2.2 million Americans have glaucoma, and only half of whom are aware of it. Dr. Turalba reports, "Mass. Eye and Ear clinicians are at the cutting-edge of advanced treatments for glaucoma, and our research investigations are driving new discoveries that, one day soon, may put us on track for a cure. As a physician, these resources mean that I can develop innovative treatment plans that enable my patients to maintain the best vision possible." According to Dr. Turalba, living with and managing the disease is a long-term commitment for both patients and physicians, involving multiple visits to a doctor's office each year for regular monitoring and necessary follow-up care. To control the disease, treatments range from laser and conventional surgeries to a regimen of eye drops several times a day. Developing a vital and ongoing patient-physician relationship is one of the reasons Dr. Turalba chose glaucoma as her subspecialty. "I wanted to be in a surgical field," she notes, "but I also wanted to have the 'old-fashioned' opportunity to nurture a long-term relationship with patients. I am able to do that as a glaucoma specialist with the added benefit that it ensures the highest continuity and quality of care for patients. I find this very rewarding." A devoted and giving physician, Dr. Turalba is also proud of her work at the Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System where she spends a portion of her clinical time. She says, "I value the service I am able to give to our veterans. The Boston VA provides ophthalmology services for all of New England – so we are providing a much needed service." Active in clinical research, Dr. Turalba studies the causes, distribution and control of glaucoma to help better understand this complex disease and to guide its management for her patients. A background in eye trauma management also gives her a unique clinical perspective on glaucoma management and care. She has leveraged this expertise in her research - examining the potential influences and interplay among trauma, environmental factors, and systemic disease and how they may impact this complex disorder. She credits her patients with teaching her about the true challenges of glaucoma: "They highlight things that we need to study further and ways that we can improve the management of their disease." In addition to her research aimed at improving patient care, Dr. Turalba is an active clinician educator who strives "to incorporate research and education in my clinical practice because I value innovation and the training of future ophthalmologists." She is dedicated to teaching medical students, residents, and fellows in the clinical setting, in didactic sessions, and through mentorship activities. Dr. Turalba finds her teaching efforts to be mutually beneficial. "Trainees ask important and critical questions that give me an opportunity to reflect on my practice and expand my own knowledge," she reports. Dr. Turalba trained as a resident and fellow at the Mass. Eye and Ear and these experiences shaped her desire to practice as a glaucoma specialist here. "I highly respect the mentors I met during my training here," she notes. "I wanted to continue to work with them and practice in this unique environment where I could teach, participate in research and provide the best patient care. The perpetual learning involved in treating patients and teaching students is the single most satisfying aspect of my work." Contact Dr. Turalba's office at 617-573-3670. View Dr. Turalba's online bio for more information. Request an appointment. Contact Us Today! 617-523-7900 or Use Our Simple Online Form to Give Us Feedback We welcome your comments and feedback. Please include contact information if you'd like a response. Did you find this page helpful? YesNo Enter your comments: Your email address Please enter the code above, to verify you are human *


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Top 5 Beers of the Week: Dec. 2, 2011
5 Beers We're Digging This Week
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5 Beers We're Digging This Week
We really love our wine series, but there's no denying that occasionally, all you want is a cold one. (OK, more often than that.) This week, we put aside our decanters and Riedel glasses in favor of a few brewskis. From a limited-edition Samuel Adams ale to the latest cerveza to head stateside, here are five fantastic beers we're totally into right now.


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Use halogen lamps to add more light to your home office. Crisp, modern looks combine with minimal lines for an instant modern classic. Perfect as a desk lamp or for an stylish lighting accessory next to your computer. Comes in a satin nickel finish on solid brass construction. Equipped with a full-range, turn-knob base dimmer for easy light control.
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This is an advanced natural resource economics course syllabus with book recommendations and a course outline. It relates to a course on land economics as taught by Scott Templeton at Clemson University in 2002.
Our site Studying Economics has tips including writing and referencing, revision, and help with maths.
This short video explains your rights to use material found online. Click in the bottom right to view full-screen.


text:
Dialing In Spider Valve MkII Tones: Pt. 2
Sep 24, 2010 Line 6 Tips & Tricks
Line 6 Expert Rowbi has been a Line6.com Community member since November 25, 2006, has posted over 3,700 times and has earned over 3,000 points. He's treating us to a series of blog posts and videos centered on one area of his expertise: Spider Valve™ MkII guitar amplifiers. For more helpful gear tutorials,visit Rowbi's website. […]
Tags: boogie, dual rectifier, express, fbv, high gain, insane, marshall, mesa, metal, midi, recto, rowbi, shortboard, spider valve mkii, spider valve mkii edit, youtube


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I've been a bit stymied in my attempt to ride my bike for an hour a day instead of watching the Tour de France at the crack of dawn. Almost every dawn since the race began, cold rain has been pouring down. For some sick reason, showers reappear about every four hours.
I could be an ass and ride a groove down the 'Tink trails, but that groove would soon be a ditch and then a canyon. So instead of riding singletrack, I've been singlespeeding on the CCT, a 41-mile county trail that was recently renamed in honor of U.S. Congressman Gerry Connolly, a former county supervisor who had the vision to propose and build a multi-purpose trail that connected traffic-clogged Fairfax County with its network of beautiful parks.
When I did watch the Tour, I noticed that a lot of those skinny dudes were crashing hard on asphalt. I've done a lot of road riding and have had maybe three minor crashes, nothing serious. When I started to ride mountain bikes, however, I was biffing more than I was ripping.
I've had 100 or so self-induced mountain bike race crashes (thanks 24 Hours of Canaan and Big Bear Lake) but only one collision with another rider. We were so tangled up that we almost took off with each other's bike. And we laughed about that.
But watching the "boys" in the Tour leave big patches of skin on the road is scary. They really are turning the pedals in anger. Yes, the Tour is a big money event and all that, but what's the point of dedicating your life to being really pissed off most of the time?
One answer might be the 'roids talking and the EPO keeping you up all night walking the floor of your Ibis hotel room in fear of having Jell-O in your arteries.
Competition is just one aspect of cycling, and one I've enjoyed over the years. But when I taught my son to ride, we kept to a mantra: "Who do we compete against? Ourselves."
I've been last in races more than I've been first. Riding bikes isn't my job; it is my passion. Yes, I get paid to write these screeds and I want to be the best bike blogger around, but I'm not going to elbow Gary Boulanger's Mac into the gutter or put a stick in Andy Hood's hard-drive.
Many riders have died at the Tour, some of them by sticking a needle in their veins. That has to stop. There would probably be more anger and doping in mountain biking if there was more money in it. If anger and doping brought more attention to the sport, I would pedal slowly away with mud on my face, singing a happy tune.