text: tolerance=9999A Directory Structure for FilesTUG Working Group on a Directory Structure (TWGTDS)2GELLMU Edition edited by W.F.HammondUlrik Vieths markup and processing scheme for the 0.995 version of this document helped crystallize the idea for GELLMU in the mind of the editor.This version was reedited technically for Generalized Extensible LaTeXLike MarkUp (GELLMU) on 13Jul2000 Copyright 1994, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Users GroupPermission to use, copy, and distribute this document without modification for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that this notice appears in all copies It is provided as is without expressed or implied warrantyPermission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the modifications are clearly marked and the document is not represented as the official oneThis document is available on any CTAN host (Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references has a complete reference) Please send questions or suggestions by email to tdstug.org or by postal mail to Karl Berry, 135 Center Hill Road, Plymouth, MA 02360, USA We welcome all comments 1IntroductionSU-11.1The role of the TDSSU-1.11.2ConventionsSU-1.22GeneralSU-22.1Subdirectory searchingSU-2.12.2Rooting the treeSU-2.22.3Local additionsSU-2.32.4Duplicate filenamesSU-2.43Toplevel directoriesSU-33.1MacrosSU-3.13.2FontsSU-3.23.3Nonfont MetaFont filesSU-3.33.4MetaPostSU-3.43.5BibTeXSU-3.53.6DocumentationSU-3.63.7ExtensionsSU-3.74SummarySU-44.1Documentation tree summarySU-4.1AppendixAUnspecified piecesSU-5A.1Portable filenamesSU-5.1AppendixBImplementation issuesSU-6B.1Adoption of the TDSSU-6.1B.2More on subdirectory searchingSU-6.2B.3Example implementationspecific treesSU-6.3AppendixCIs there a better way?SU-7C.1Macro structureSU-7.1C.2Font structureSU-7.2C.3Documentation structureSU-7.3AppendixDRelated referencesSU-8AppendixEContributorsSU-9pagebreak1SU-1Introduction is a powerful, flexible typesetting system used by many people around the world It is extremely portable and runs on virtually all operating systems One unfortunate side effect of s flexibility, however, is that there has been no single right way to install it This has resulted in many sites having different installed arrangementsThe primary purpose of this document is to describe a standard Directory Structure (TDS): a directory hierarchy for macros, fonts, and the other implementationindependent system files As a matter of practicality, this document also suggests ways to incorporate the rest of the files into a single structure The TDS has been designed to work on all modern systems In particular, the Technical Working Group (TWG) believes it is usable under MacOS, msdos, os2, Unix, vms, and Windows nt We hope that administrators and developers of both free and commercial implementations will adopt this standardThis document is intended both for the system administrator at a site and for people preparing distributionseverything from a complete runnable system to a single macro or style file It may also help users find their way around systems organized this way It is not a tutorial: we necessarily assume knowledge of the many parts of a working system If you are unfamiliar with any of the programs or file formats we refer to, consult the references in Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references 1.1SU-1.1The role of the TDSThe role of the TDS is to stabilize the organization of related software packages that are installed and in use, possibly on multiple platforms simultaneouslyAt first glance, it may seem that the Comprehensive Archive Network (CTAN) archives fulfill at least part of this role, but this is not the case The role of CTAN is to simplify archiving and distribution, not installation and useIn fact, the roles of the TDS and CTAN are frequently in conflict, as you will see elsewhere in this document For distribution, many different types of files must be combined into a single unit; for use, it is traditional to segregate files (even similar files) from a single package into separate, occasionally distant, directories 1.2SU-1.2ConventionsIn this document, is used to separate filename components; for example, texmffonts This is the Unix convention but the ideas are in no way UnixspecificIn this document, generally means the system, including MetaFont, DVI drivers, utilities, etc., not just the program itselfThe word package in this document has its usual meaning: a set of related files distributed, installed, and maintained as a unit This is not a package, which is a style file supplementing a document classWe use the following typographic conventions: literal Literal text such as filename is typeset in typewriter type replaceable Replaceable text such as package, identifying a class of things, is typeset in italics inside angle brackets 2SU-2GeneralThis section describes common properties throughout the TDS tree 2.1SU-2.1sec:Subdirectory-searchingSubdirectory searchingMany installations store large numbers of related files in single directories, for example, all TFM files andor all input filesThis monolithic arrangement hinders maintenance of a system: it is difficult to determine what files are used by what packages, what files need to be updated when a new version is installed, or what files should be deleted if a package is removed It is also a source of error if two or more packages happen to have input files with the same nameTherefore, the TWG felt each package should be in a separate directory But we recognized that explicitly listing all directories to be searched would be unbearable A site may wish to install dozens of packages Aside from anything else, listing that many directories would produce search paths many thousands of characters long, overflowing the available space on some systemsAlso, if all directories are explicitly listed, installing or removing a new package would mean changing a path as well as installing or removing the actual files This would be a timeconsuming and errorprone operation, even with implementations that provide some way to specify the directories to search at runtime On systems without runtime configuration, it would require recompiling software, an intolerable burdenAs a result, the TWG concluded that a comprehensive TDS requires implementations to support some form of implicit subdirectory searching More precisely, implementations must make it possible to specify that , MetaFont, and their companion utilities search in both a specified directory and recursively through all subdirectories of that directory when looking for an input file Other forms of subdirectory searching, for example recursivetoonelevel searches, may also be provided We encourage implementors to provide subdirectory searching at the option of the installer and user for all pathsThe TDS does not specify a syntax for specifying recursive searching, but we encourage implementors to provide interoperability (see Appendixiref="sec:More-on-subdirectory-searching"sec:More-on-subdirectory-searching) 2.2SU-2.2sec:Rooting-the-treeRooting the treeIn this document, we shall designate the root TDS directory by texmf (for and MetaFont) We recommend using that name where possible, but the actual name of the directory is up to the installer On pc networks, for example, this could map to a logical drive specification such as T:Similarly, the location of this directory on the system is sitedependent It may be at the root of the file system; on Unix systems, usrlocalshare, usrlocal, usrlocallib, and opt are common choicesThe name texmf was chosen for several reasons: it reflects the fact that the directory contains files pertaining to an entire system (including MetaFont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.), not just itself; and it is descriptive of a generic installation rather than a particular implementationA site may choose to have more than one TDS hierarchy installed (for example, when installing an upgrade) This is perfectly legitimate 2.3SU-2.3sec:Local-additionsLocal additionsThe TDS cannot specify precisely when a package is or is not a local addition Each site must determine this according to its own conventions At the two extremes, one site might wish to consider nonlocal all files not acquired as part of the installed distribution; another site might consider local only those files that were actually developed at the local site and not distributed elsewhereWe recognize two common methods for local additions to a distributed texmf tree Both have their place; in fact, some sites may employ both simultaneously: A completely separate tree which is a TDS structure itself; for example, usrlocalumbtex at the University of Massachusetts at Boston This is another example of the multiple texmf hierarchies mentioned in the previous section A directory named local at any appropriate level, for example, in the format, package, and supplier directories discussed in the following sections The TDS reserves the directory name local for this purpose We recommend using local for siteadapted configuration files, such as language.dat for the Babel package or graphics.cfg for the graphics package Unmodified configuration files from a package should remain in the package directory The intent is to separate locally modified or created files from distribution files, to ease installing new releases One common case of local additions is dynamically generated files, e.g., PK fonts by the MakeTeXPK script originated by Dvips A site may store the generated files directly in any of: their standard location in the main TDS tree (if it can be made globally writable); an alternative location in the main TDS tree (for example, under texmffontstmp); a second complete TDS tree (as outlined above); any other convenient directory (perhaps under var, for example varspoolfonts) No one solution will be appropriate for all sites 2.4SU-2.4sec:Duplicate-filenamesDuplicate filenamesDifferent files by the same name may exist in a TDS tree The TDS generally leaves unspecified which of two files by the same name in a search path will be found, so generally the only way to reliably find a given file is for it to have a unique name However, the TDS requires implementations to support the following exceptions: Names of input files must be unique within each firstlevel subdirectory of texmftex and texmftexgeneric, but not within all of texmftex; i.e., different formats may have files by the same name (Sectioniref="sec:Macros"sec:Macros discusses this further.) Thus, no single formatindependent path specification, such as a recursive search beginning at texmftex specifying no other directories, suffices So implementations must provide formatdependent path specifications, for example via wrapper scripts or configuration files Many font files will have the same name (e.g., cmr10.pk), as discussed in Sectioniref="sec:Valid-font-bitmaps"sec:Valid-font-bitmaps Implementations must distinguish these files by mode and resolution All implementations we know of already have these capabilitiesOne place where duplicate names are likely to occur is not an exception: Names of MetaFont input files (as opposed to bitmaps) must be unique within all of texmffonts In practice, this is a problem with some variants of Computer Modern which contain slightly modified files named punct.mf, romanl.mf, and so on We believe the only feasible solution is to rename the derivative files to be unique 3SU-3Toplevel directoriesThe directories under the texmf root identify the major components of a system (see Sectioniref="sec:Summary"sec:Summary for a summary) A site may omit any unneeded directoriesAlthough the TDS by its nature can specify precise locations only for implementationindependent files, we recognize that installers may well wish to place other files under texmf to simplify administration of the tree, especially if it is maintained by someone other than the system administrator Therefore, additional toplevel directories may be presentThe toplevel directories specified by the TDS are: texfor files (Sectioniref="sec:Macros"sec:Macros) fontsfor fontrelated files (Sectioniref="sec:Fonts"sec:Fonts) metafontfor MetaFont files which are not fonts (Sectioniref="sec:Non-font-MF-files"sec:Non-font-MF-files) metapostfor MetaPost files (Sectioniref="sec:MetaPost"sec:MetaPost) bibtexfor BibTeX files (Sectioniref="sec:BibTeX"sec:BibTeX) docfor user documentation (Sectioniref="sec:Documentation"sec:Documentation) source for sources This includes both traditional program sources (for example, Web2c sources go in texmfsourceweb2c) and, e.g., dtx sources (which go in texmfsourcelatex) The TDS leaves unspecified any structure under source source is intended for files which are not needed at runtime by any program; it should not be included in any search path For example, plain.tex does not belong under texmfsource, even though it is a source file in the sense of not being derived from another file (It goes in texmftexplainbase, as explained in Sectioniref="sec:Macros"sec:Macros) implementation for implementations (examples: emtex, web2c), to be used for whatever purpose deemed suitable by the implementor or administrator Files that cannot be shared between implementations, such as pool files (tex.pool) and memory dump files (plain.fmt) go here, in addition to implementationwide configuration files See Appendixiref="sec:Example-implementation-specific-trees"sec:Example-implementation-specific-trees for examples of real implementation trees extension for programspecific input files for new programs (examples: etex, pdftex, omega) that are extensions of , MetaFont, or any standard program See Sectioniref="sec:Extensions"sec:Extensions program for programspecific input and configuration files for any related programs (examples: mft, dvips) In fact, the tex, metafont, metapost, bibtex, and extension items above may all be seen as instances of this case 3.1SU-3.1sec:MacrosMacros macro files shall be stored in separate directories, segregated by format and package name (we use format in its traditional sense to mean a usefully dumpable package): texmftexformatpackage format is a format name (examples: amstex, latex, plain, texinfo) The TDS allows distributions that can be used as either formats or packages (e.g., Texinfo, Eplain) to be stored at either level, at the option of the format author or administrator We recommend that packages used as formats at a particular site be stored at the format level: by adjusting the inputs search path, it will be straightforward to use them as macro packages under another format, whereas placing them in another tree completely obscures their use as a formatThe TDS reserves the following format names: generic, for input files that are useful across a wide range of formats (examples: null.tex, path.sty) Generally, this means any format that uses the category codes of Plain and does not rely on any particular format This is in contrast to those files which are useful only with Plain (which go under texmftexplain), e.g., testfont.tex and plain.tex itself local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions Thus, for almost every format, it is necessary to search at least the format directory and then the generic directory (in that order) Other directories may need to be searched as well, depending on the format When using AMS, for example, the amstex, plain, and generic directories should be searched, because AMS is compatible with Plain package is a package name (examples: babel, texdraw) In the case where a format consists of only a single file and has no auxiliary packages, that file can simply be placed in the format directory, instead of formatbase For example, Texinfo goes in texmftextexinfotexinfo.tex, not texmftextexinfobasetexinfo.texThe TDS reserves the following package names: base, for the base distribution of each format, including files used by initex when dumping format files For example, in the standard distribution, the ltx files created during the build process shall be stored in the base directory hyphen, for hyphenation patterns, including the original American English hyphen.tex These are typically used only by initex In most situations, this directory need exist only under the generic format images, for image input files, such as Encapsulated PostScript figures Although it is somewhat nonintuitive for these to be under a directory named tex, needs to read these files to glean bounding box or other information A mechanism for sharing image inputs between and other typesetting programs (e.g., Interleaf, FrameMaker) is beyond the scope of the TDS In most situations, this directory need exist only under the generic format local, for local additions and configuration files See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions misc, for packages that consist of a single file An administrator or package maintainer may create directories for singlefile packages at his discretion, instead of using misc 3.2SU-3.2sec:FontsFontsFont files shall be stored in separate directories, segregated by file type, font supplier, and typeface (PK and GF files need additional structure, as detailed in the next section):texmffontstypesuppliertypeface type is the type of font file The TDS reserves the following type names: afm, for Adobe font metricsgf, for generic font bitmap filespk, for packed bitmap filessource, for font sources (MetaFont files, property lists, etc.)tfm, for font metric filestype1, for Type 1 fonts (in any format)vf, for virtual fonts As usual, a site may omit any of these directories that are unnecessary (gf is a particularly likely candidate for omission) supplier is a name identifying font source (examples: adobe, ams, public) The TDS reserves the following supplier names: ams, for the American Mathematical Societys AMSfonts collection local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions public, for freely redistributable fonts where the supplier neither (1)requested its own directory (e.g., ams), nor (2)also made proprietary fonts (e.g., adobe) It does not contain all extant freely distributable fonts, nor are all files therein necessarily strictly public domain tmp, for dynamicallygenerated fonts, as is traditional on some systems It may be omitted if unnecessary, as usual typeface is the name of a typeface family (examples: cm, euler, times) The TDS reserves the following typeface names: cm (within public), for the 75 fonts defined in Computers and Typesetting, VolumeE latex (within public), for those fonts distributed with in the base distribution local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions Some concrete examples: texmffontssourcepublicpandorapnr10.mftexmffontstfmpubliccmcmr10.tfmtexmffontstype1adobeutopiaputr.pfaFor complete supplier and typeface name lists, consult Filenames for fonts (see Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references) 3.2.1Font bitmapsFont bitmap files require two characteristics in addition to the above to be uniquely identifiable: (1)the type of device (i.e., mode) for which the font was created; (2)the resolution of the bitmapFollowing common practice, the TDS segregates fonts with different device types into separate directories See modes.mf in Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references for recommended mode namesSome printers operate at more than one resolution (e.g., at 300dpi and 600dpi), but each such resolution will necessarily have a different mode name Nothing further is needed, since implicit in the system is the assumption of a single target resolutionTwo naming strategies are commonly used to identify the resolution of bitmap font files On systems that allow long filenames (and in the original MetaFont program itself), the resolution is included in the filename (e.g., cmr10.300pk) On systems which do not support long filenames, fonts are generally segregated into directories by resolution (e.g., dpi300cmr10.pk)Because the TDS cannot require long filenames, we must use the latter scheme for naming fonts So we have two more subdirectory levels under pk and gf: texmffontspkmodesuppliertypefacedpinnntexmffontsgfmodesuppliertypefacedpinnn mode is a name which identifies the device type (examples: cx, ljfour, modeless) Usually, this is the name of the MetaFont mode used to build the PK file For fonts rendered as bitmaps by a program that does not distinguish between different output devices, the mode name shall be simply modeless The mode level shall not be omitted, even if only a single mode happens to be in use dpinnn specifies the resolution of the font (examples: dpi300, dpi329) dpi stands for dots per inch, i.e., pixels per inch We recognize that pixels per millimeter is used in many parts of the world, but dpi is too traditional in the world to consider changing now The integer nnn is to be calculated as if using MetaFont arithmetic and then rounded; i.e., it is the integer MetaFont uses in its output gf filename We recognize small differences in the resolution are a common cause of frustration among users, however, and recommend implementors follow the level0 DVI driver standard (see Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references) in bitmap font searches by allowing a fuzz of 0.2 (with a minimum of 1) in the dpi Implementations may provide extensions to the basic naming scheme, such as long filenames (as in the original MetaFont) and font library files (as in ems .fli files), provided that the basic scheme is also supported 3.2.2sec:Valid-font-bitmapsValid font bitmapsThe TWG recognizes that the use of short filenames has many disadvantages The most vexing is that it results in the creation of dozens of different files with the same name At a typical site, cmr10.pk will be the filename for Computer Modern Roman 10pt at 510 magnifications for 23 modes (Sectioniref="sec:Duplicate-filenames"sec:Duplicate-filenames discusses duplicate filenames in general.)To minimize this problem, we strongly recommend that PK files contain enough information to identify precisely how they were created: at least the mode, base resolution, and magnification used to create the fontThis information is easy to supply: a simple addition to the local modes used for building the fonts with MetaFont will automatically provide the required information If you have been using a local modes file derived from (or that is simply) modes.mf (see Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references), the required information is already in your PK files If not, a simple addition based on the code found in modes.mf can be made to your local modes file and the PK files rebuilt 3.3SU-3.3sec:Non-font-MF-filesNonfont MetaFont filesMost MetaFont input files are font programs or parts of font programs and are thus covered by the previous section However, a few nonfont input files do exist Such files shall be stored in:texmfmetafontpackagepackage is the name of a MetaFont package (for example, mfpic)The TDS reserves the following package names: base, for the standard MetaFont macro files as described in The MetaFontbook, such as plain.mf and expr.mf local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions misc, for MetaFont packages consisting of only a single file (for example, modes.mf) An administrator or package maintainer may create directories for singlefile packages at his discretion, instead of using misc 3.4SU-3.4sec:MetaPostMetaPostMetaPost is a picturedrawing language developed by John Hobby, derived from Knuths MetaFont Its primary purpose is to output Encapsulated PostScript instead of bitmapsMetaPost input files and the support files for MetaPostrelated utilities shall be stored in:texmfmetapostpackagepackage is the name of a MetaPost package At the present writing none exist, but the TWG thought it prudent to leave room for contributed packages that might be written in the futureThe TDS reserves the following package names: base, for the standard MetaPost macro files, such as plain.mp, mfplain.mp, boxes.mp, and graph.mp This includes files used by inimp when dumping mem files containing preloaded macro definitions local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions misc, for MetaPost packages consisting of only a single file An administrator or package maintainer may create directories for singlefile packages at his discretion, instead of using misc support, for additional input files required by MetaPost utility programs, including a font map, a character adjustment table, and a subdirectory containing lowlevel MetaPost programs for rendering some special characters 3.5SU-3.5sec:BibTeXBibTeXBibTeXrelated files shall be stored in: texmfbibtexbibpackagetexmfbibtexbstpackageThe bib directory is for BibTeX database (.bib) files, the bst directory for style (.bst) filespackage is the name of a BibTeX package The TDS reserves the following package names (the same names are reserved under both bib and bst): base, for the standard BibTeX databases and styles, such as xampl.bib, plain.bst local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions misc, for BibTeX packages consisting of only a single file An administrator or package maintainer may create directories for singlefile packages at his discretion, instead of using misc 3.6SU-3.6sec:DocumentationDocumentationMost packages come with some form of documentation: user manuals, example files, programming guides, etc In addition, many independent files not part of a macro or other package describe various aspects of the systemThe TDS specifies that these additional documentation files shall be stored in a structure that parallels to some extent the fonts and tex directories, as follows:texmfdoccategory...category identifies the general topic of documentation that resides below it; for example, a format name (latex), program name (bibtex, tex), language (french, german), or other system components (web, fonts)The TDS reserves the following categories: Within each category tree for a format, the directory base is reserved for base documentation distributed by the formats maintainers general, for standalone documents not specific to any particular program (for example, Joachim Schrods Components of ) help, for metainformation, such as faqs, David Jones macro index, etc html, for html documents info, for processed Texinfo documents (Info files, like anything else, may also be stored outside the TDS, at the installers option.) local, for local additions See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions The doc directory is intended for implementationindependent and operating systemindependent documentation files Implementationdependent files shall be stored elsewhere, as provided for by the implementation andor administrator (for example, VMS help files under texmfvmshelp)The documentation directories may contain sources, DVI files, PostScript files, text files, example input files, or any other useful documentation format(s)See Sectioniref="sec:Documentation-tree-summary"sec:Documentation-tree-summary for a summary 3.7SU-3.7sec:ExtensionsExtensionsNew programs that are extensions of old ones shall use a new toplevel directory name for their extensionspecific input files The new directory shall have the same general structure as the toplevel directory of the original program, and the new program almost certainly should search the original toplevel directoryFor example, several variants of that recognize additional commands have been released Input files that use these new commands cannot be placed in the toplevel tex directory, since the original program cannot read them So they must go in a new directory, with the same package structure as tex (see Sectioniref="sec:Macros"sec:Macros)Using e as an example, we have the following: A new toplevel (in texmf) directory etex Since e is an extension of , texmfetex follows the same conventions as texmftex texmfetex contains only especific files e searches first texmfetex, then texmftex These same principles hold for PDF, Omega, and (most probably) future variants of or MetaFont pagebreak 4SU-4sec:SummarySummaryA skeleton of a TDS texmf directory tree This is not to imply these are the only entries allowed For example, local may occur at any level ll bibtex BibTeX input files . bib BibTeX databases . . base base distribution (e.g., xampl.bib) . . misc singlefile databases . package name of a package . bst BibTeX style files . . base base distribution (e.g., plain.bst, acm.bst) . . misc singlefile styles . package name of a package doc see Sectioniref="sec:Documentation"sec:Documentation and the summary below etex as with tex, below fonts fontrelated files . type file type (e.g., pk) . . mode type of output device (for pk and gf only) . . . supplier name of a font supplier (e.g., public) . . . . typeface name of a typeface (e.g., cm) . . . . . dpinnn font resolution (for pk and gf only) implementation implementations, by name (e.g., emtex) local files created or modified at the local site metafont MetaFont (nonfont) input files . base base distribution (e.g., plain.mf) . misc singlefile packages (e.g., modes.mf) . package name of a package (e.g., mfpic) metapost MetaPost input and support files . base base distribution (e.g., plain.mp) . misc singlefile packages . package name of a package . support support files for MetaPostrelated utilities mft MFT inputs (e.g., plain.mft) program related programs, by name (e.g., dvips) source program source code by name (e.g., latex, web2c) tex input files . format name of a format (e.g., plain) . . base base distribution for format (e.g., plain.tex) . . misc singlefile packages (e.g., webmac.tex) . . local local additions to or local configuration files for format . . package name of a package (e.g., graphics, mfnfss) . generic formatindependent packages . . hyphen hyphenation patterns (e.g., hyphen.tex) . . images image input files (e.g., Encapsulated PostScript) . . misc singlefile formatindependent packages (e.g., null.tex) . . package name of a package (e.g., babel) pagebreak 4.1SU-4.1sec:Documentation-tree-summaryDocumentation tree summaryA skeleton of a TDS directory tree under texmfdoc This is not to imply these are the only entries allowed ll ams . amsfonts amsfonts.faq, amfndoc . amslatex amslatex.faq, amsldoc . amstex amsguide, joyerr bibtex BibTeX . base btxdoc.tex fonts . fontname Filenames for fonts . oldgerm corkpapr format name of a format (e.g., generic, latex) . base for the base distribution . misc for contributed singlefile package documentation . package for package general across programs, generalities . errata errata, errata[18] . texcomp Components of generic for nonformatspecific packages . babel . german germdoc help metainformation . ctan info about CTAN mirror sites . faq faqs of comp.text.tex, etc html html files info gnu Info files, made from Texinfo sources latex example of format . base ltnews, guide, etc . graphics grfguide local sitespecific documentation program related programs, by name (examples follow) metafont mfbook.tex, metafontforbeginners, etc metapost mpman, manfig, etc tex texbook.tex, A Gentle Introduction to , etc web webman, cwebman pagebreakAppendicesAppendixASU-5Unspecified piecesThe TDS cannot address the following aspects of a functioning system: The location of executable programs: this is too sitedependent even to recommend a location, let alone require one A site may place executables outside the texmf tree altogether (e.g., usrlocalbin), in a platformdependent directory within texmf, or elsewhere Upgrading packages when new releases are made: we could find no way of introducing version specifiers into texmf that would do more good than harm, or that would be practical for even a plurality of installations The location of implementationspecific files (e.g., .fmt files): by their nature, these must be left to the implementor or maintainer See Appendixiref="sec:Example-implementation-specific-trees"sec:Example-implementation-specific-trees Precisely when a package or file should be considered local, and where such local files are installed See Sectioniref="sec:Local-additions"sec:Local-additions for more discussion A.1SU-5.1sec:Portable-filenamesPortable filenamesThe TDS cannot require any particular restriction on filenames in the tree, since the names of many existing files conform to no standard scheme For the benefit of people who wish to make a portable distribution or installation, however, we outline here the necessary restrictions The TDS specifications themselves are compatible with theseISO9660 is the only universally acceptable file system format for CDROMs A subset thereof meets the stringent limitations of all operating systems in use today It specifies the following: File and directory names, not including any directory path or extension part, may not exceed eight characters Filenames may have a single extension Extensions may not exceed three characters Directory names may not have an extension Names and extensions may consist of only the characters AZ, 09, and underscore Lowercase letters are excluded A period separates the filename from the extension and is always present, even if the name or extension is missing (e.g., FILENAME. or .EXT) A version number, ranging from 132767, is appended to the file extension, separated by a semicolon (e.g., FILENAME.EXT;1) Only eight directory levels are allowed, including the toplevel (mounted) directory (see Sectioniref="sec:Rooting-the-tree"sec:Rooting-the-tree) Thus, the deepest valid ISO9660 path is: texmfL2L3L4L5L6L7L8FOOBAR;112345678 The deepest TDS path needs only seven levels: texmffontspkcxpubliccmdpi300cmr10pk1234567 Some systems display a modified format of ISO9660 names, mapping alphabetic characters to lowercase, removing version numbers and trailing periods, etcBefore the December 1996 release, used mixedcase names for font descriptor files Fortunately, it never relied on case alone to distinguish among the files Nowadays, it uses only monocase names AppendixBSU-6Implementation issuesWe believe that the TDS can bring a great deal of order to the current anarchic state of many installations In addition, by providing a common frame of reference, it will ease the burden of documenting administrative tasks Finally, it is a necessary part of any reasonable system of true dropin distribution packages for B.1SU-6.1Adoption of the TDS[This section is retained purely for historical purposes; the TDS is now quite firmly entrenched in most distributions.]We recognize that adoption of TDS will not be immediate or universal Most administrators will not be inclined to make the final switch until: Clear and demonstrable benefits can be shown for the TDSTDScompliant versions of all key programs are available in ported, welltested formsA settling period has taken place, to flush out problems The public release of the first draft of this document was the first step in this processConsequently, most of the first trials of the TDS will be made by members of the TDS committee andor developers of related software This has already taken place during the course of our deliberations (see Appendixiref="sec:Related-references"sec:Related-references for a sample tree available electronically) They will certainly result in the production of a substantial number of TDScompliant packages Indeed, the te and Live distributions are TDScompliant and in use now at many sitesOnce installable forms of key TDScompliant packages are more widespread, some administrators will set up TDScompliant trees, possibly in parallel to existing production directories This testing will likely flush out problems that were not obvious in the confined settings of the developers sites; for example, it should help to resolve OS and package dependencies, package interdependencies, and other details not addressed by this TDS versionAfter most of the dust has settled, hopefully even conservative administrators will begin to adopt the TDS Eventually, most sites will have adopted the common structure, and most packages will be readily available in TDScompliant formWe believe that this process will occur relatively quickly The TDS committee spans a wide range of interests in the community Consequently, we believe that most of the key issues involved in defining a workable TDS definition have been covered, often in detail developers have been consulted about implementation issues, and have been trying out the TDS arrangement Thus, we hope for few surprises as implementations matureFinally, there are several (current or prospective) publishers of CDROMs These publishers are highly motivated to work out details of TDS implementation, and their products will provide inexpensive and convenient ways for experimentallyminded administrators to experiment with the TDSEfforts are under way to set up a TDS Registry that will coordinate assignment of TDScompliant directory names and provide a definitive database of TDScompliant software distributions (Perhaps this could also serve many sites as the definition of when a package is local.) For now, distribution through CTAN serves as an imprecise registry B.2SU-6.2sec:More-on-subdirectory-searchingMore on subdirectory searchingRecursive subdirectory searching is the ability to specify a search not only of a specified directory d, but recursively of all directories below dSince the TDS specifies precise locations for most files, with no extra levels of subdirectories allowed, true recursive searching is not actually required for a TDScompliant implementation We do, however, strongly recommend recursive searching as the most userfriendly and natural approach to the problem, rather than convoluted methods to specify paths without recursionThis feature is already supported by many implementations of and companion utilities, for example DECUS for VMS, Dvips(k), em (and its drivers), PubliC , Web2c, Xdvi(k), and YY The Kpathsea library is a reusable implementation of subdirectory searching for , used in a number of the above programsEven if your implementation does not directly support subdirectory searching, you may find it useful to adopt the structure if you do not use many fonts or packages For instance, if you only use Computer Modern and ams fonts, it would be feasible to store them in the TDS layout and list the directories individually in configuration files or environment variablesThe TWG recognizes that subdirectory searching places an extra burden on the system and may be the source of performance bottlenecks, particularly on slower machines Nevertheless, we feel that subdirectory searching is imperative for a wellorganized TDS, for the reasons stated in Sectioniref="sec:Subdirectory-searching"sec:Subdirectory-searching Implementors are encouraged to provide enhancements to the basic principle of subdirectory searching to avoid performance problems, e.g., the use of a filename cache (this can be as simple as a recursive directory listing) that is consulted before disk searching begins If a match is found in the database, subdirectory searching is not required, and performance is thus independent of the number of subdirectories present on the systemDifferent implementations specify subdirectory searching differently In the interest of typographic clarity, the examples here do not use the replaceable font Dvips: via a separate TEXFONTSSUBDIR environment variable em: t:subdir; t:subdir for a single level of searching Kpathsea: texmfsubdir VMS: texmf:[subdir...] Xdvi (patchlevel 20): texmfsubdir; texmfsubdir for a single level of searching Version 20.50 and above support the notation YY : t:subdir or t:subdir B.3SU-6.3sec:Example-implementation-specific-treesExample implementationspecific treesThe TDS cannot specify a precise location for implementationspecific files, such as texmfini, because a site may have multiple implementationsNevertheless, for informative purposes, we provide here the default locations for some implementations Please contact us with additions or corrections These paths are not definitive, may not match anything at your site, and may change without warningWe recommend all implementations have default search paths that start with the current directory (e.g., .) Allowing users to include the parent directory (e.g., ..) is also helpful B.3.1AmiWeb2c 2.0(Email schererphysik.rwthaachen.de to contact the maintainer of this implementation.)AmiWeb2c 2 is compatible with Web2c 7 to the greatest possible extent, so only the very few differences are described in this section Detailed information about the basic concepts is given in the section for Web2c 7 belowThanks to the SELFAUTO mechanism of Kpathsea 3.0 no specific location for the installation of AmiWeb2c is required as long as the general structure of the distribution is preservedIn addition to Kpathseas notation recursive path search may also be started by DEVICE:, e.g., TeXMF: will scan this specific device completelyBinaries coming with the AmiWeb2c distribution are installed in the directory binamiweb2c outside the common TDS tree sharetexmf In addition to the set of AmiWeb2c binaries you will find two subdirectories local and pastex with auxiliary programsA stripped version of the Pas system (used by kind permission of Georg Hemann) is coming with AmiWeb2c, preinstalled in its own sharetexmfamiweb2cpastex directory If you want to use Pas you have to assign the name TeX: to this placeDocumentation files in AmigaGuide format should be stored at docguide similar to docinfo B.3.2Public DECUS If another VMS implementation besides Public DECUS appears, the top level implementation directory name will be modified to something more specific (e.g., vmsdecus) ll texmf . vms VMS implementation specific files . . exe enduser commands . . . common command procedures, command definition files, etc . . . axp binary executables for Alpha AXP . . . vax binary executables for VAX . . formats pool files, formats, bases . . help VMS help library, and miscellaneous help sources . . mgr command procedures, programs, docs, etc., for system management B.3.3Web2c 7All implementationdependent system files (.pool, .fmt, .base, .mem) are stored by default directly in texmfweb2c The configuration file texmf.cnf and various subsidiary MakeTeX... scripts used as subroutines are also stored thereNon specific files are stored following the GNU coding standards Given a root directory prefix (usrlocal by default), we have default locations as follows: ll prefix installation root (usrlocal by default) . bin executables . man man pages . info info files . lib libraries (libkpathsea.) . share architectureindependent files . . texmf TDS root . . . web2c implementationdependent files (.pool, .fmt, texmf.cnf, etc.)See ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/standards.text for the rationale behind and descriptions of this arrangement A site may of course override these defaults; for example, it may put everything under a single directory such as usrlocaltexmf AppendixCSU-7Is there a better way?Defining the TDS required many compromises Both the overall structure and the details of the individual directories were arrived at by finding common ground among many opinions The driving forces were feasibility (in terms of what could technically be done and what could reasonably be expected from developers) and regularity (files grouped together in an arrangement that made sense)Some interesting ideas could not be applied due to implementations lacking the necessary support: Path searching control at the level If documents could restrict subdirectory searching to a subdirectory via some portable syntax in file names, restrictions on uniqueness of filenames could be relaxed considerably (with the cooperation of the formats), and the search path would not need to depend on the format Multiple logical texmf trees For example, a site might have one (readonly) location for stable files, and a different (writable) location for dynamicallycreated fonts or other files It would be reasonable for two such trees to be logically merged when searching C.1SU-7.1Macro structureThe TWG settled on the formatpackage arrangement after long discussion about how best to arrange the filesThe primary alternative to this arrangement was a scheme which reversed the order of these directories: packageformat This reversed arrangement has a strong appeal: it keeps all of the files related to a particular package in a single place The arrangement actually adopted tends to spread files out into two or three places (macros, documentation, and fonts, for example, are spread into different sections of the tree right at the top level)Nevertheless, the formatpackage structure won for a couple of reasons: It is closer to current practice; in fact, several members of the TWG have already implemented the TDS hierarchy The alternative is not in use at any known site, and the TWG felt it wrong to mandate something with which there is no practical experience The alternative arrangement increases the number of toplevel directories, so the files that must be found using subdirectory searching are spread out in a wide, shallow tree This could have a profound impact on the efficiency of subdirectory searching C.2SU-7.2Font structureThe TWG struggled more with the font directory structure than anything else This is not surprising; the need to use the proliferation of PostScript fonts with is what made the previous arrangement with all files in a single directory untenable, and therefore what initiated the TDS effort C.2.1Font file type locationWe considered the supplierfirst arrangement in use at many sites:texmffontssuppliertypefacetypeThis improves the maintainability of the font tree, since all files comprising a given typeface are in one place, but unless all the programs that search this tree employ some form of caching, there are serious performance concerns For example, in order to find a TFM file, the simplest implementation would require to search through all the directories that contain PK files in all modes and at all resolutionsIn the end, a poll of developers revealed considerable resistance to implementing sufficient caching mechanisms, so this arrangement was abandoned The TDS arrangement allows the search tree to be restricted to the correct type of file, at least Concerns about efficiency remain, but there seems to be no more we can do without abandoning subdirectory searching entirelyWe also considered segregating all fontrelated files strictly by file type, so that MetaFont sources would be in a directory texmffontsmf, property list files in texmffontspl, the various forms of Type1 fonts separated, and so on Although more blindly consistent, we felt that the drawback of more complicated path constructions outweighed this The TDS merges file types (mf and pl under source, pfa and pfb and gsf under type1) where beneficial C.2.2Mode and resolution locationWe considered having the mode at the bottom of the font tree: texmffontspksuppliertypefacemodedpiIn this case, however, it is difficult to limit subdirectory searching to the mode required for a particular deviceWe then considered moving the dpinnn up to below the mode: texmffontspkmodedpisuppliertypefaceBut then it is not feasible to omit the dpinnn level altogether on systems which can and do choose to use long filenames C.2.3Modeless bitmapsThe TDS specifies using a single directory modeless as the mode name for those utilities which generate bitmaps, e.g., texmffontsmodelesstimes This has the considerable advantage of not requiring each such directory name to be listed in a search pathAn alternative was to use the utility name below which all such directories could be gathered That has the advantage of separating, say, gsftopkgenerated bitmaps from ps2pkgenerated ones However, we decided this was not necessary; most sites will use only one program for the purpose Also, PK and GF fonts generally identify their creator in the font comment following the PKID byteWe are making an implicit assumption that MetaFont is the only program producing modedependent bitmaps If this becomes false we could add an abbreviation for the program to mode names, as in mfcx vs.\ xyzcx for a hypothetical program Xyz, or we could at that time add an additional program name level uniformly to the tree It seemed more important to concisely represent the current situation than to worry about hypothetical possibilities that may never happen C.3SU-7.3Documentation structureWe considered placing additional documentation files in the same directory as the source files for the packages, but we felt that users should be able to find documentation separately from sources, since most users have no interest in sourcesWe hope that a separate, but parallel, structure for documentation would (1)keep the documentation together and (2)make it as straightforward as possible for users to find the particular documentation they were after AppendixDSU-8sec:Related-referencesRelated referencesThis appendix gives pointers to related files and other documentsIn this document, CTAN: means the root of an anonymous ftp CTAN tree This is both a host name and a directory name For example: ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archiveftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archiveftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archiveFinger ctantug.org for a complete list of CTAN sites, there are mirrors worldwideHere are the references: The TDS mailing list archives can be retrieved via ftp from: ftp://ftp.tug.org/mail/archives/twg-tds/ ftp://vms.rhbnc.ac.uk/archives/twg.tds. A sample TDS tree: CTAN:tds A collection of BibTeX databases and styles: ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib Components of by Joachim Schrod: CTAN:documentationcomponentsofTeX The level0 DVI driver standard: CTAN:dviwaredrivstandardlevel0 Filenames for fonts: CTAN:documentationfontname This distribution includes recommended supplier and typeface names ISO9660 CDROM file system standard: http://www.iso.ch/cate/cat.html A complete set of MetaFont modes: CTAN:fontsmodesmodes.mf This file includes recommended mode names AppendixESU-9ContributorsThe TWG had no formal meetings; electronic mail was the primary communication mediumSebastian Rahtz is the Users Group Technical Council liaison Norman Walsh is the committee chairOriginal contributors: BarbaraBeetonKarlBerryVickiBrownDavidCarlisleThomasEsserAlanJeffreyJorgKnappenPierreMacKayRichMorinSebastianRahtzJoachimSchrodChristianSpielerElizabethTachikawaPhilipTaylorUlrikViethPaulVojtaNormanWalshAdditional contributors: DavidAspinallNelsonBeebeHarrietBortonBartChildsDamianCugleyAlanDunwellMichaelFergusonErikFrambachBernardGaulleJeffreyGealowGeorgeGreenwadeThomasHerterBertholdHornCharlesKarneyDavidKastrupDavidKellermanWonkooKimRichardKinchRobinKirkhamAlexKokEberhardMattesBobMorrisLennyMuellnerOrenPatashnikDavidRheadAndreasSchererMarkSinkeAndrewTrevorrowDougWaudCheeWaiYeung


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The College of Letters, Arts and Social Sciences (CLASS) is the largest and most diverse college at the University of Idaho. With nearly 3,800 students in 11 departments and numerous special programs, we are the academic bedrock of the university.
In addition, by providing the majority of undergraduate General Education curriculum, every student, regardless of major, takes courses within CLASS. These experiences enhance each student's understanding of the world as well as help cultivate social and personal responsibility, ethical and moral decision making, and a sense of global citizenship.
Learn about some of the faculty, students, and staff who help make CLASS the bedrock of the university.
Meet Us >
Online Degrees
University of Idaho's College of Letters, Arts, and Socials Sciences offers a wide array of online degrees
Calendar of Events
Concerts, plays, lectures, presentations, festivals, films and so much more.

subset: commoncrawl


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Prom Dresses
Explore our wide choice of prom gowns in our *cheap prom dresses* collection. For the best prom dresses that will suit you to perfection choose MUEE. We specializes in handmade dresses for prom to assure the best quality. For the perfect prom dresses 2017 come and buy now from our amazing choice.
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The celebration of friendship during the age of AIDS. Themes of friendship, fear, tolerance and compassion resonate throughout this poignant, often funny, play. A play by Steven Dietz. Directed by J. Kevin Doolen. Special guest lighting designer Andi Lyons and guest fight choreographer Greg Poljacik. Produced by special arrangement with Dramatist Play Service, Inc.
Doudna Fine Arts Center Box Office 217-581-3110, or email: email@example.com.
Require Accessible Seating? Please contact us by email at firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone at: 217.581.3110.
Financial transactions secured with 2048bit SSL   |  Support Contact: email@example.com (217-581-3110)   |   Powered by UniversityTickets


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Best Gifts For 7 Year Olds
Lil Gift Guide: Best Gifts For 7-Year-Olds
Second graders are an active bunch so give them items that will keep them stationary! From games that will bring the whole family to the table to a pottery wheel that allows kids to make things for others, these presents will channel lil ones' energy.
Help kids increase their vocabulary while competing against friends with Bananagrams' new Zip It ($15), which can easily be taken on the road. Whether used for fun, or for spying on older tots, the Spy Video Trakr ($100) sends live digital audio and video back to its color remote control. Lego's new line of board games, including Creationary ($27), invites players to build vehicles, buildings, nature or things as they make their way through the game. Encourage them to make music after building their own ukulele ($40). The Discovery Deluxe Pottery Wheel ($50) allows tots to create a year's worth of gifts with its rotating wheel and foot pedal.


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Judge to Strike Down Ohio Gay Marriage Ban
A federal judge said Friday that he will strike down Ohio's voter-approved ban on gay marriage, a move that stops short of forcing Ohio to perform same-sex weddings but will make the state recognize gay couples legally wed elsewhere.
Judge Timothy Black announced his intentions in federal court in Cincinnati following final arguments in a lawsuit that challenged the constitutionality of the marriage ban.
"I intend to issue a declaration that Ohio's recognition bans, that have been relied upon to deny legal recognition to same-sex couples validly entered in other states where legal, violates the rights secured by the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution," Black said. "(They're) denied their fundamental right to marry a person of their choosing and the right to remain married."
The civil rights attorneys who filed the February lawsuit did not ask Black to order the state to perform gay marriages, and he did not say he would do so.
"It's pretty much to be expected. Judge Tim Black is a far-left liberal," said Phil Burress with Citizens for Community Values, the main backer of the 2004 marriage amendment.
The Cincinnati-based legal team asked Black to declare that Ohio's gay marriage ban is "facially unconstitutional, invalid, and unenforceable" and indicated that following such a ruling, the window would be open for additional litigation seeking to force the state to allow gay couples to marry in Ohio.
"I'm certain that people that love one another and want to commit themselves to one another will find a way to get a marriage certificate and a marriage officiant to be married as quickly as possible," said Ian James, with Freedom to Marry Ohio, the group that's pushing to get an issue on the ballot to overturn the 2004 ban. "It is a monumental leap forward."
Attorneys for the state argued that it's Ohio's sole province to define marriage as between a man and a woman, that the statewide gay marriage ban doesn't violate any fundamental rights, and that attorneys improperly expanded their originally narrow lawsuit.
"Ohio has made its own decision regarding marriage, deciding to preserve the traditional definition," state's attorneys argued in court filings ahead of Friday's hearing.
They argued that prohibiting the state from enforcing its marriage ban would "disregard the will of Ohio voters, and undercut the democratic process."
"It's one judge trying to strike down the will of 62 percent of the voters," said Burress.
Black didn't say why he made the announcement on his ruling before he issues it. But by stating his intention ahead of his ruling, Black gave time for the state to prepare an appeal that can be filed as soon as he does.
Burress is confident that the ruling will be overturned on appeal.
We are very confident that (Attorney General) Mike DeWine will vigorously defend the will of the people," he said.
DeWine's office isn't commenting until the ruling is officially made.


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It's tempting for many to believe what the world is saying about the Christian church, especially in these specific areas. Here's why discernment for the believer is crucial. read more
Ex-Muslim Pastor: All Christians Should Take This Position Against ISIS
"We are the only ones that can take this position and actually make a difference if the church embraces and plays its position ..." read more


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This sub-forum is dedicated to FIXING BT. If you have found a bug, AND HAVE FOUND A FIX - please post both here. This forums will be used for improving BT3. Together with the wiki (http://backtrack.offensive-security.com/index.php/Bugs) we should cover all users of BackTrack.
Please start a new thread with a descriptive title when adding a fix. This allows one of us to actually see it and verify it. It also is useful to have the name of the tool you are providing a fix for in the title in order to make searching easy when someone is looking for information about why the tool won't work.


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To help ensure that NIJ's research program is informed by and builds upon prior research, NIJ commissioned a study of the
relevant literature and extant research in the area of violence against American Indian and Alaska Native women.
Read the full report, "Violence Against American Indian and Alaska Native Women and the Criminal Justice Response: What is
Known" (pdf, 168 pages).
The goals of this study were to examine and describe the:
The main findings of this study include:
Next section: Primary Data Collection.


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CLAREMONT - Ed Haley, director of the Center for Human Rights Leadership at Claremont McKenna College, will speak at a League of Women Voters of The Claremont Area meeting.
The meeting takes place from 2 to 4 p.m. Feb. 9 at the Padua Hills Theatre, 4467 Padua Ave.
Haley's topic will be "The United States in a Changing World," according to a news release.
Haley has served on the staffs of U.S. Congress members, is a frequent contributor to Christian Science Monitor and has wrote the 2006 books "Strategies of Dominance" and "Strategic Foreign Assistance."
The League of Women Voters of the Claremont Area serves Claremont, Upland, Rancho Cucamonga, Pomona, Ontario, La Verne, Montclair, San Dimas, Glendora, Chino Hills and Diamond Bar.
According to the news release, the league is a "non-partisan organization that encourages the informed and active participation of citizens in government."
The fee is $30 for the event and reservations must be made by today (Feb. 4) through PayPal using the donations button at www.claremont.ca.lwvnet.org or by check to:
LWV of the Claremont Area, PO Box 1532, Claremont, CA. 91711.
For more information, contact 909-624-9457.


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Connected World of Portable Navigation
Dominic J. DeVito has been a member of the Crutchfield A/V writing squad since 2006. He was born and raised in Staunton, Virginia, and attended the University of Notre Dame, where he earned a degree in chemical engineering. During that time he developed a passionate obsession for experiencing music, both live and recorded, which he parlayed into a 15-year stint in record retail (much to the chagrin of his very patient parents) and a long-running tenure as a rock DJ at WTJU. His expositions can be found in back issues of Plan 9's 9X Magazine as well as Schools That Rock: The Rolling Stone College Guide. He's been to more concerts than he can remember.
More from Dominic DeVito
Heads up!Welcome to this article from the Crutchfield archives. Have fun reading it, but be aware that the information may be outdated and links may be broken.
Connected GPS for your car combines the mapping capability of GPS with the search functionality of the Internet, so you can find any type of destination you're looking for in real time. This handy feature, which is currently available on only a few GPS models, lets you use very specific search terms to find exactly what you're looking for quickly. And it offers some extra benefits for the road as well.
The old way: points of interest
Most portable GPS navigators come with a built-in point of interest (POI) database as well as detailed road maps. The points of interest typically include address and phone number information, and are grouped by the GPS navigator into broad categories, such as restaurants, shopping, fuel, transportation, and more. Then the POI are usually subcategorized one or two more times, such as dividing the "food" category into various types, such as pizza, Mexican, or coffee shops. "Transportation" can be divided into airports, train stations, subway stops, and more.
Points of interest help us get the most out of our navigation devices, like this Garmin nüvi 1690.
You can use the navigator's touchscreen menu to find a specific destination by going through several menu screens once you've figured out how the POI are categorized, but it can be a time-consuming process if you're not sure exactly what you're looking for or are searching for an atypical travel destination.
The new way: Internet-connected search
This is where connected GPS can make a huge difference. With an Internet-connected navigator, you can bypass the guesswork, wasted time, and sometimes missing or outdated information of the POI database and rely on real-time Internet search results to find any type of destination, from the common to the unusual. Connected GPS devices use wireless Internet connectivity to link to popular search engines such as Google™ to provide rapid results for searches. You can quickly find numerous listings for locations such as "music stores" and "pet groomers" nearby, often with helpful customer ratings when applicable. Once you locate a specific destination, it's navigation-as-usual: You get directions to go there, and maybe a phone number, with only one or two taps of the navigator's screen.
More than just search
Connected services make a portable navigator, like this TomTom GO 740 LIVE, easier to use and more useful than ever.
Connected services do more than give you search capabilities — they can also provide live traffic reports in your area, weather forecasts, and local gas price information to help you save some money. You can also look up local movie times and events listings to find out what's going on in town tonight. Other features such as flight departure and arrival times, currency conversions, White Pages listings, and social networking with other GPS users help keep you informed as you travel.
Connected GPS services typically require a subscription, but most navigators that come with this capability include a free trial so you can try it out. Connected services do not work in Canada and may not be available in all areas in America — consult your GPS device's owner's manual for more details.
Find out more
The two primary service providers are Garmin and TomTom. Garmin calls their service nüLink!™, while TomTom's is called TomTom LIVE. Visit their sites for more information.


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USC String Project to present winter concert Dec. 4, 6
End-of-semester performances by students in the University of South Carolina's String Project will take place Friday, Dec. 4, and Sunday, Dec. 6.
The earlier performance, "Informance," featuring the beginning class, is set for 5:30 p.m. in the School of Music recital hall. That performance is free and open to the public.
The Sunday performance, set for 3 p.m. in the Richland District 2 auditorium, will feature students in Silver Strings 2, Concertino and Intermezzo. Tickets are $3 and available at the door.
The String Project is a model of service learning, offering low-cost instruction to children and adults in the community while offering practical experience for college music-education majors.
For more information, call 803-777-9568.
USC String Project performances
- When: Friday, Dec. 4, 5:30 p.m. and Sunday, Dec. 6, 3 p.m.
- Where: School of Music recital hall and Richland District 2 auditorium, respectively
Posted: 12/02/09 @ 12:00 AM | Updated: 12/02/09 @ 8:48 AM | Permalink


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Behind the Cover: Katy Perry
"I was following Mrs. Obama from her early days on the campaign trail, but it was that first trip to Europe with the president that really struck me. It was such pageantry and the whole world was so dazzled by her—I was really inspired to write about this intersection of style and politics and this very historic position. I love looking at style in the broader cultural context, and adding a political slant made the topic of this first lady all the more irresistible. I chose this Thakoon dress for the cover because I loved the print and I felt it summed up so much about Michelle Obama's style—her confidence, her love of prints and color, her modern sensibility in the White House, her support of young designers."
State of the Union Address, January 25, 2011
"I loved the purity and pristine quality of this gray Rachel Roy dress that the first lady wore to her husband's State of the Union speech. It really reminded me of her inaugural ball gown in the sense of freshness and innocence and new beginnings that it evokes. She certainly stood out in the chamber that night."
Fantastic Voyage: Katy Perry


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This site is using cookies. Click HERE to get more information.
Welcome to official website of DOGMA Association.
In 2013 we celebrate 10th anniversary of our establishment. Due this we have published a folder that include a lot of interesting facts and informations about "Dogma" Association. CLICK HERE to download PDF file.
We encourage to use free legal and citizen advices that we provide. We help in wide range of topics: civil law, labour law, social insurance, assistance benefit, court appeal and many others.
Advices taking place after setting up a suitable date. To arrange such advice we require prior registration. It can be done In poviat starosty building, at Żwirki i Wigury 4c Street, room 234. Everyone who is interested in using advice can done such registration by himself or by telephone.
We are open:
Monday: 12.00 – 16.00
Tuesday – Friday: 10.00-14.00
Telephone numbers: 32 324 82 59, 32 324 82 57


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UFC on FX 5: Browne vs Bigfoot Friday October 5th 2012
UFC on FX 5: Browne vs Bigfoot Predictions- This Episode of the show covers Predictions for the 4 Main Card Fights on the UFC on FX 5: Browne vs Bigfoot card. All UFC on FX 5: Browne vs Bigfoot Prelim predictions are available at Kamikazeoverdrive.net
Preliminary Predictions: http://www.kamikazeoverdrive.net/ufc...y-predictions/
Heavyweight Travis Browne vs. Antonio Silva
Welterweight Jake Ellenberger vs. Jay Herion
Flyweight John Dodson vs. Jussier Da Silva
Welterweight Josh Neer vs Justin Edwards
Preliminary Card
Lightweight Jeremy Stephens vs.Yves Edwards
Lightweight Michael Johnson vs.Danny Castillo
Lightweight Dennis Hallman vs.Thiago Tavares
Lightweight Jacob Volkmann vs. Shane Roller
Featherweight Bart Palaszewski vs. Diego Nunes
Flyweight Darren Uyenoyama vs.Phil Harris
Preliminary Card (Facebook)
Lightweight Marcus LeVesseur vs. Carlo Prater
Welterweight Aaron Simpson vs. Mike Pierce
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A vasectomy is a procedure to cause permanent sterility in a man by preventing the transport of sperm out of the testes. A small incision is made in the scrotum and each vas deferens is tied off and cut apart preventing sperm from being released within the ejaculate. The small skin incision is stitched closed and the surgery does not affect a man's sexual function.
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The Shakespeare Conference: SHK 23.0277 Thursday, 28 June 2012
Date: Thursday, June 28, 2012
Subject: SHAKSPER Reinvented: Fourteen Months Later
Dear SHAKSPER Subscribers:
It has been about fourteen months since SHAKSPER resumed service with a newly designed web site, a new format, and new procedures.
The new site was designed to my specifications by the multi-talented Ron Severdia, using Joomla. Ron is an actor <http://rontheactor.com>, the founder of PlayShakespeare.com, the creator of the best Shakespeare iPhone/iPod/iPad text/performance app, the co-author of the O'Reilly publication Using Joomla: Building Powerful and Efficient Web Sites, the accomplished, award-winning web designer and creative director of Kontent Design: <http://kontentdesign.com/>.
The web site from my perspective is more intelligently organized than the original, which grew by accretion, and it is certainly easier on me. I have complete control over the content and can update it at any time I please. SHAKSPER's new web address is SHAKSPER.net (rather than www.shaksper.net as before).
The old site ran from a server in my home office. One of the difficulties I had with the old site during its last few years was that since I was sending out so much mail in such a relatively short period, security software often blacklisted SHAKSPER, and as a result, many members were inadvertently lost.
PlayShakespeare.com now hosts SHAKSPER. The PlayShakespeare service provider limits the amount of mail that can be sent any hour. As a result of this limitation, which obviates the problem I was having with being mistakenly identified as a spammer, daily digests appear in a different format and are distributed differently than they had been in the past. Rather than sending out individual digests grouped by the subject of the thread, I now send one daily "super" digest, in Joomla terms a "newsletter." It took a while for me to come up with a format based on subscribers' comments that satisfied me. The daily digests now can be read in an Internet browser, posts in the table of contents can be clicked and read separately or alternatively individual posts within the digest can also be read in your browser by clicking on the posting's title in blue.
Further, the individual postings appear on the web site in the Current Postings section in a continuous (blog-like format) from the beginning of the year backwards to the present.
Of particular importance to me, the SHAKSPER web site now has an Announcements sections. Submissions that I deem as important notices are distributed as postings to the subscribers and simultaneously as entries in the Announcements section. Subscribers and Internet users can thus located these in a more accessible way than having to scroll through the Current Postings or by using the Archive search function, which incidentally is quite powerful.
Much of the content on the site particularly in the Scholarly Resources section is available as pdf files that once opened can be saved easily. Also, I can now included attachments through embedded links in postings to pdf files with information like conference announcements or fliers. Previously, I was unable to include attachments.
Other web site improvements include RSS feeds of Current Postings and Announcements and a button that enables those who wish to donate to support the work of SHAKSPER. Also, although SHAKSPER is not open to automatic subscription, an online form enables those interested to submit their names, e-mail addresses, and a brief autobiography. The biographical note is NOT part of an adjudication process; instead, it is an expression of interest and is a part of a database to which only the editor has access.
I am also proud of the content in the Scholarly Resources section. Scholarly Resources includes
- A Selected Guide to Shakespeare on the Internet (My Guide to Shakespeare-Related Internet Sources and Essay from which the list of resources was derived).
- The SBReviews: SHAKSPER Book Reviews (SBReviews is a peer-reviewed collection of reviews of book of significance to students, teachers, scholars, and those who share their academic interests in the study of Shakespeare and of the theatre and literature of the Early Modern Period.)
- SHAKSPER Roundtable Discussions (Periodic Roundtable discussions, concentrating on significant topics derived from issues of current interest in the discipline.)
- Papers by SHAKSPER Members Seeking Critical Advice (As a service to its members, SHAKSPER makes selected papers for which the author would like comments available for a short time on the SHAKSPER server.)
- Library of Essays (A selection of essays from past and current SHAKSPER members.)
- SHAKSPER Reference Files (A variety of files for consultation)
- Cook's Tours (Discussion of specific Internet resources of interest to students and scholars of the Early Modern Period.)
- Pedagogy: Teaching Resources (Resources that may be used in the teaching of Shakespeare and literature of the Early Modern Period)
I especially am pleased with the Pedagogy section that enabled me to recycle some of my teaching materials, PowerPoint presentations, links, and source materials for others to use in their teaching.
I have probably gone on for far too long, but I am curious about the reactions and opinions that subscribers have, with the distance of more than a year, regarding the new web site and changes in procedures.
I am seeking substantive comments, not Hardy-you're-the-greatest praise.
What do you like not like?
What can be improved?
What additions might be useful?
If you were in charge, what would you change?
Best wishes,
Hardy M. Cook
Owner, Editor, Moderator of SHAKSPER


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Technori Growth Summit
Thursday, April 18, 2013 from 1:00 PM to 5:30 PM (CDT)
Hear from speakers with proven track records in building businesses using various growth techniques.
4 Talks :: Q&A :: Passionate Starters :: Awesome After-party
This event is for you if you're an impassioned founder, CEO, marketer, developer, or tech enthusiast. Particularly for those who are part of startups and small businesses, but beneficial to any consumer-based company seeking growth.
Though growing a business is a universal desire, implementing growth is unique to the product, market, and company. The buzz about virality and "growth hacking" has created the false perception that there is such a thing as simple, overnight success. But, as anyone building a company knows, inducing growth is not easy. It involves virtually every part of a company. Growth is the confluence of hiring, organization building, analytics, data science, design, engineering, internet marketing, relationship building, and a "test everything" mentality. When a great strategy is implemented successfully, it often equates to impressive growth–in revenue, user base, and company buzz.
Thursday, April 18, 2013
Program: 1pm - 5:30pm (CST)
After-party: 6pm - 8:30pm (CST)
|David Petrillo
|Neil Patel
|Emerson Spartz
|Co-founder, Coffee Joulies
|Co-founder, KISSmetrics
|Founder, SpartzMedia
|Aaron Ginn
|Sean Johnson
|Head of Growth, StumbleUpon
Partner, Digital Intent
TALKS (More TBA)
David Petrillo is the inventor and co-founder of Coffee Joulies, a coffee temperature regulator that they raised $300k on Kickstarter (3rd largest at it's date), won $100k at the 2011 Shopify Build-a-Business competition and elicited a $150k deal on ABC's Shark Tank. Dave will explain the lessons he's learned from these experiences and best practices to grow a start-up without using traditional angel or VC methods.
Neil Patel has consistently increased traffic and, most importantly, revenue for 20 major brands and hundreds of other businesses. He's also co-founded KISSmetrics, a customer analytics platform and blogs at Quick Sprout. He's known for teaching businesses how to double and triple their traffic in 30 days. Neil will give a talk on "400,000 visits/mo and Growing: How to Create a Company Blog that Doesn't Suck."
Emerson Spartz is the leading expert on internet virality. He founded the #1 Harry Potter site, MuggleNet, at age 12 and is now the CEO and Founder of Spartz Media (GivesMeHope, OMG Facts, etc). Emerson will talk about the science of going viral, as well as, share 19 tips, tricks, and hacks to make your product more viral.
Aaron Ginn has lead growth from early stage startups to large corporations. Aaron got his start in growth in consumer healthcare with Simplee where he led the consumer user acquisition strategy. Recently, he was the first growth hacker to be involved in US Presidential politics with the growth team at Mitt Romney for America. Now, Aaron is the Head of Growth at StumbleUpon. He is also an organizer for the Growthathan, and author of the series "Defining a Growth Hacker" on TechCrunch. You can read his thoughts on growth and life on his blog aginnt.com.
Sean Johnson is a partner at Digital Intent and helps companies build and grow new digital businesses. He is an adjunct professor at Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management teaching digital marketing and runs the Chicago Growth Hacker Meetup. He also blogs at Sean-Johnson.com. Sean will assist emcee and manage Q&A sessions for the speakers.
(11 East Madison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL / Above City Target)
Join us for drinks, food, music, and great conversation!
Sponsored by Digital Intent
(118 N. Peoria, Chicago IL)
Free ride to Growth Summit for new Uber Clients
Uber is offering your first ride to or from the Summit for free, up to $30 off. Click here to sign up for Uber or use the promo code TECHNORISUMMIT13.
Uber is a mobile app that allows you to request a Black car or taxi at the touch of a button.
For sponsorship info or questions, contact email@example.com
We are a monthly showcase of the most innovative startups, pitching their latest technologies. Each month, hundreds of impassioned entrepreneurs, developers, designers, tech companies, investors and tech enthusiasts gather to watch these innovative startups launch and present their newest products and services.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Welcome to Mark Jermin Management
Mark Jermin Management is a talent agency based in both West London and South Wales specializing in up and coming talent. We represent both children and adult actors in high profile film, TV and theatre as well as radio, commercials and voice work, mainly in the UK and also internationally.
Mark Jermin is widely experienced in the entertainment industry having been a leading theatrical agent in London, guiding the careers of young actors and actresses in various UK, European and international productions and projects for several years, before moving back to his home town of Swansea and establishing the Mark Jermin Management agency in 2006.
Since then, Mark Jermin Management has rapidly built up a strong reputation for representing a highly talented list of actors and the agency is well respected among industry professionals for its integrity and exceptional casting skills.
A close knit team works together facilitating the creation of a professional working relationship with all clients. The agency readily offers guidance and support in order to help its actors and actresses build and sustain successful careers.
Mark Jermin Management ensures broad exposure of its clients through the same contacts, expertise and drive commonplace in a large company but this is coupled with a personal and individual approach unique to a smaller agency.
In 2010 Mark Jermin Management opened their London office, offering the same personal and individual talent management agency service to a variety of artists and high profile clients.


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This month's giveaway is for the new Pet Haven folding indoor pet house from Ooboo Designs. I first showed this to you back in May and it's been a huge hit in our house. It's really sturdy and I love the hidden storage compartment in the roof. It comes with a memory foam cushion and a carrying case. The chocolate brown faux leather looks great, plus it's durable and easy to clean.
To enter the monthly giveaway, make sure you're signed-up to receive Moderncat updates via email. If you're already getting the updates but you'd like an EXTRA chance to win this month, please leave a comment on this post. Complete details on the monthly giveaway here. The winner will be chosen in a random drawing on July 31, 2011 and contacted via email. This giveaway includes free shipping to US addresses only.


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Joined: 28 Feb 2005
Posts: 17
Posted: Thu Mar 03, 2005 8:58 am
Post subject: Answering the Brown's Fan
Are you familiar with Horn's stats?
2004 New Orleans Saints 94 catches 1399 yds 11tds
94 catches led the NFC, he was second in the NFL in receiving yards!
However Browns fan, Cleveland did not have a receiver in the top 30 in either category. I can understand how your talent evaluation might be off.
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Joined: 02 Mar 2005
Posts: 1294
Posted: Thu Mar 03, 2005 11:31 am
Post subject:
Why are you trying to take shots at me I'm only giving you the truth you would never get a 1st round pick for Horn stop ignoring the fact that he is old cause thats the reason you wouldnt get the pick and bye the way I don't have anything to do with who is on the Browns roster just like you don't have anything to do with the Saints roster so judging my talent evaluations from the Browns roster is pretty stupid.
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Joined: 02 Mar 2005
Posts: 1294
Posted: Thu Mar 03, 2005 4:51 pm
Post subject:
If my talent evaluation is bad what are you saying Horn is no good?Because I'm on record as saying Horn is a tremendous reciever the only reason you can't get a high pick for him is age and maybe health concerns but more so AGE!
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Joined: 04 Mar 2005
Posts: 55
Location: Slidell, Louisiana
Posted: Sat Mar 05, 2005 2:28 pm
Post subject:
Some teams are desperate for a WR. They would get a 1st rounder easily for Horn.
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Joined: 02 Mar 2005
Posts: 1294
Posted: Sat Mar 05, 2005 3:23 pm
Post subject:
Right noone is that desperate he is too olddddddd.
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Joined: 28 Jan 2005
Posts: 19
Posted: Sun Mar 06, 2005 5:17 pm
Post subject:
Let me show you why you're wrong, truebrownsfan...
Terrell Owens = 31 years old; 9 years in the NFL.
Marvin Harrison = 32 years old; 9 years in the NFL.
Are you saying that those two guys couldn't draw a first round pick in a trade? Actually that would be a steal. Joe Horn is not right on their level but he is just one notch below, and he is definitely worth a first round pick even with his 9 years in the league (only 5 years as a starter, by the way, so he's got plenty left).
With that said, though, I'd go crazy if the Saints traded Horn. So talented, so underrated...
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Joined: 02 Mar 2005
Posts: 1294
Posted: Sun Mar 06, 2005 10:37 pm
Post subject:
Your way late on this topic it done Horn would never get a first round pick but you can believe what you want...probably 25 people responded to the post and I believe 3 said you could everone else said no way...don't get me wrong he is a great reciever just not good enough to get a first round pick from someone...the original post said top 7 pick...never I actually said you may be able to trade for a very low first round pick but that would be highly unlikely also...I just believe at his age he is more valuable to you guys than to another team.
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Joined: 06 Dec 2004
Posts: 670
Location: New Orleans, Louisiana
Posted: Mon Mar 07, 2005 4:27 am
Post subject:
I think we could get a mid-late 2nd for Joe Horn.You guys are crazy, if you think we could get a 1st for Joe Horn, at the age of 33 with knee problems.He probably only has 2-3 years left at a pro-bowl level.Now, If Joe Horn were 25-29, we could get a mid-late first.
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John Skurkay
Joined: 14 Dec 2004
Posts: 217
Location: Florida
Posted: Mon Mar 07, 2005 9:29 am
Post subject:
Would you get a first round pick for Harrison or Owens?.
I prefer to match up match up of 7 players from college to pro.
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Joined: 02 Mar 2005
Posts: 1294
Posted: Mon Mar 07, 2005 2:50 pm
Post subject:
Well John I wasn't ignoring the question I just didn't believe it warranted a response Owens and Harrison are better than Horn so you can't compare...Owens yes he is 31 and a beast physically...if I'm not mistaken though he ws traded for a second round pick...Harrison no he is 33 and a small dude yet still better than Horn......For the record Ihave never not once bashed Horn I've said all along he is a great reciever and a pro-bowl player just not worthy of a first round pick because of age and injury concerns...and if you read all posts on this you'll see it is not just browns fans who agree most saints fans agree also.
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John Skurkay
Joined: 14 Dec 2004
Posts: 217
Location: Florida
Posted: Mon Mar 07, 2005 3:01 pm
Post subject:
"Sorry my bad"(true browns fan)I lose my cool sometimes.
I prefer to match up match up of 7 players from college to pro.
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John Skurkay
Joined: 14 Dec 2004
Posts: 217
Location: Florida
Posted: Mon Mar 07, 2005 3:18 pm
Post subject:
Horn had his best season of his career last year regardless of age or injury.There are alot of people on this sight who say stats aren't that important.Pro football is a business and stats are numbers in that business and numbers are one of the first things a business goes by when making there decision. If you were the owner of a team what numbers would you care about the ones on the field or the ones on his drivers liscense.My bet is that 9 out of 10 would go by the numbers on the field"hey"I could be wrong.
I prefer to match up match up of 7 players from college to pro.
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Joined: 02 Mar 2005
Posts: 1294
Posted: Mon Mar 07, 2005 4:49 pm
Post subject:
The field obviously but are you gonna give up a first round pick someone who should start for you for the next 8-10 years for a guy who will only give you production for the next 2 years at tha most?I don't believe many G.M's would.
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Joined: 16 Nov 2004
Posts: 10318
Posted: Tue Mar 08, 2005 2:28 am
Post subject:
No taking shots at another poster or calling them out. Keep it on the discussion about Horn.
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John Skurkay
Joined: 14 Dec 2004
Posts: 217
Location: Florida
Posted: Tue Mar 08, 2005 12:00 pm
Post subject:
"I don't make assumption I only go by whats there for now"Horn had his best season last year hey he could surprise you and be good for another 8-10 years. I don't care if hes 50 if hes able to put up over 1,000 yrds in a season hes a first rounder to me all day long until "he not anybody else proves" other wise."Action speaks louder then words"
I prefer to match up match up of 7 players from college to pro.
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How to Carve Japanese-Style Ice Balls
Say you're a pro at mixing cocktails. What's next? Turn your attention to just-so ice.
WSJ After Hours stopped by the Summit Bar in New York to learn how to carve Japanese-style ice balls by hand with Suntory's Gardner Dunn. Word of warning: Keep those hands and everything they touch very clean. And maybe some Band-aids handy.


text:
ChristianMingle is the world's largest Christian dating site. Hundreds of thousands of Christian singles are in love with ChristianMingle!
When it comes to Christian dating, we understand that everyone has a different place on "the faith spectrum." As an Apostolic Christian, you're a "do-er" who wants to live a simple life focusing on service and worship. The "soundtrack" to your days includes beautiful psalms, hymns and spiritual songs. We know finding someone who appreciates your deep commitment to your faith is the key to a meaningful relationship. Maybe you're looking for Baptist singles instead. Or you would like to find Catholic singles in your area. Our mission is to connect Christian singles based on common goals, lifestyles, interests and location. Your ChristianMingle profile says everything about you – and that's key to finding the right person. Plus, it only takes minutes to create!
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Plus, we offer the latest expert tips and advice on online dating, offline relationships, marriage and more. ChristianMingle is strongly aligned with Christian thought leaders, organizations and non-profits, so that you get the most out of your online dating experience.
"I often say 'small world, Big God.' This was definitely the case when it came to our ChristianMingle dating experience. Aaron and I are so grateful, and praise God for using ChristianMingle as the resource that brought us together!"
Having been a single Christian woman for years, many of my friends suggested online dating at one time or another. However, at that time, I did not agree it was for me. In August of 2013, I had been single for over 8 years. Still, I was not willing to compromise my faith in my dating life, or settle for less than God's best for me, and I had full confidence and trust that the Lord faithfully had my best interests at heart, in dating, as well as in all other aspects of life. Then, in late 2013, I felt that there had been a release in my spirit to try online dating. Whatever had been holding me back from choosing to use this dating tool before, now felt lifted. I decided to give it a try.
Aaron was a single dad, with little time or means to explore dating options, but with a heart that desired to find the one that God had for him as well. So, at a family member's urging, he signed up with ChristianMingle in 2014. From a simple "smile," our communication began on September 4, 2014. It took no longer than our first date later that month to know that we had found something more than special; we had found the one that we'd been searching for.
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text:
Quick Links
This course covers the basics of the state taxes generally imposed by the 50 states. Included are income taxes, property taxes, and a variety of excise taxes including sales and use taxes and gross receipts taxes like those effective in Washington State. Limitations on the power of states to tax will also be covered. These include Commerce Clause limitations such as a requirement of "nexus" with the taxpayer and the transaction, a requirement of fair apportionment, and the rule against discrimination. Other restraints include Import-Export Clause protection, equal protection of laws, uniformity requirements, due process, and Public Law 86-272 applicable to income taxes. The course is generally national in scope, although Washington's gross receipts tax will receive some attention as illustrative of privilege excises.
© Copyright 2015, All Rights Reserved University of Washington School of Law
4293 Memorial Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98195


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Veteran center Todd Marchant never made any secret of his desire to remain with the Ducks, but he also wanted more than a one-year deal.
It took a while, but Marchant wound up with the best of both worlds Tuesday, signing a two-year contract that will pay him $1 million next season and $1.25 million in 2010-11.
An unrestricted free agent, Marchant accepted considerably less money than he had been earning — an average of just more than $2.5 million annually as part of a long-term contract he signed with the Columbus Blue Jackets in 2003 — but familiarity and security were well worth it.
"Term was a little bit of an issue for both sides," Marchant said from his off-season home in Williamsville, N.Y. "July 1 came and went, and several other teams offered a two-year term. That's when we went back to the Ducks and asked for the same thing. Once we agreed on two years, it was a pretty simple process.
"It was pretty close, to be honest, but I maintained all along that Anaheim was my first choice. My family loves Southern California. I have four children now, three in school, and my wife (Caroline) is very involved with the community and with the Ducks organization. We wanted to continue to be a part of the Ducks family."
As a result, the Ducks retain a versatile, savvy performer who last season took over for the traded Samuel Pahlsson as anchor of the club's checking line — at a modest salary-cap hit of only $1.125 million per season.
"Todd gave up something to stay with us," Ducks general manager Bob Murray said. "He gives us leadership and he's a clutch performer. His playoff performance speaks for itself."
Marchant, who is set to turn 36 next month, notched five goals and 13 points while averaging 14 minutes, 31 seconds of ice time in 72 games last season. He was a driving force as the Ducks upset the San Jose Sharks and nearly the Detroit Red Wings in the Stanley Cup playoffs, playing an average of 19:55 in 13 games, with the highlight being his triple-overtime goal to win Game 2 of a second-round series against the Red Wings.
"I believe, and I think Bob agrees, that I can still play this game at the highest level possible," Marchant said. "Hopefully I can be a part of helping this team get back to where it wants to be."
Marchant, who reached the 1,000-game milestone last season, reported that his recovery from June surgery to repair a broken foot is on schedule and he expects to be on the ice for the start of training camp in September.
The signing of Marchant gives the Ducks a salary-cap commitment of approximately $45 million to 19 players projected to be on the opening-night roster. That does not account for restricted free-agent defenseman James Wisniewski, who has filed for salary arbitration.
Murray, meanwhile, continues to explore the free-agent and trade markets in search of another veteran defenseman and perhaps a second- or third-line forward.
Related stories:


text:
As much as i'd love to see any potential rematch in Sweden I just think they lose out on so much revenue and exposure. I can understand that Jones wants it to be right, why wouldn't you being the champ?. He said he wasn't trying to duck anyone just wants to make sure that everything was right first.
With regards to the local shows and the champions, Yes it does. I've seen firsthand, promoters actually requesting fighters that clearly are not the best match just to protect their own interests. Not sure how that progresses MMA or the fighter but the local fans get what they want and the promoters are able to sell the tickets.
Personally, you should agree to fight anyone to defend the belt, if you don't then you are not the champ as clearly worried about losing that belt.


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