text:
Overview of general European Standards
on High Courts – (theory and practice)
(on the occasion of the Conference on the Reform of the High Court of Albania – 6th-7th June 2012 Tirana-Albania)
Let me say at the outset that I am indeed honoured to have been invited by the organisers to address this very important and even crucial Conference on the Reform of the High Court of Albania. I have been given the task to talk about general European standards on High Courts. In so doing there will without doubt be some overlap with other presentations later on. Another observation is that the subject is broad and general so that only an overview will be presented. However, even with an overview not everything may be covered. Therefore, you will allow me to focus primarily on the basic issue of judicial independence, which by itself has many facets. The way one approaches this fundamental question, other secondary issues are also addressed and potentially solved. As the philosopher Roscoe Pound put it, our perception to the problem addressed for discussion, shapes both.
First, let us pose an initial question: can we really talk about the existence of general European standards? If there are such standards, are they generally acceptable across Europe? It is well known that there is a diversity of judicial systems in Europe, itself a reason for having different concepts of justice, which also affect the way a High Court, functions. The great dichotomy of the two systems of judicial thinking, that of the common law and of the continental law, on the one hand and the conceptual differences between western European countries and the new democracies of eastern Europe, have for historical, political and cultural reasons allowed for the emergence of a variety in judicial theory and practice.
One could identify however a common theme running through European thinking. The notions of liberty and freedom are both basic and inherent in humankind. In practical terms, these ideas have been translated into minimum human rights for all, which in turn cannot be fully exercised unless and until a truly independent judiciary exists. At the same time the state should also be willing (for this is what democracy is all about), to function based on the rule of law. Many European Conventions, commissions and organisations, strive for establishing, maintaining and spreading in a sustained way the idea of democracy. Apart from instruments and bodies that will be mentioned throughout this presentation, one should also refer to Resolution Res (2002) 3 of the Council of Europe, adapting the revised statute of the European Commission for Democracy through Law, known as the Venice Commission. In Article 1, the Commission aims to fulfil, among other ideas, the strengthening of the understanding of the legal systems of the participating states to bring them closer together and to promote the rule of law and democracy.
These are in essence the three overall characteristics of European standards of justice. A free society, willing to uphold and enforce human rights, through an independent judiciary.
I believe that one of the best ways to reflect on European standards on the judiciary is to have recourse to the Opinions of the Consultative Council of European Judges, known as CCJE. The Consultative Council of which I am a proud member since its inception having also participated in its working groups for a number of years, is a body composed solely of serving Judges (the only such body), from all countries of the Council of Europe. It was set up in 2000 by the Ministers of the Council of Europe given the task to study, prepare and issue Opinions on practically every aspect of the functioning of justice across Europe. The way it functions takes into account the existing diversity of judicial thinking across Europe. By means of questionnaires addressed to all judiciaries of the Council of Europe followed by an analysis made by an expert appointed to report on each subject, CCJE, while taking into account and respecting the different approaches in Europe, identifies and recommends what minimum standards of justice should in practice be followed throughout the continent. Therefore, you will allow me to refer extensively to some of its Opinions. I should perhaps add here that a number of non-European countries, which attend the meetings as observers, from Japan, to Mexico, steadily follow the plenary sessions of CCJE each November. In addition, its Opinions has found their way and have been recognised in a number of other fora not only in Europe but abroad, in countries such as Brazil*1 and in African states*2.
With your indulgence, I will also draw examples from my own jurisdiction during this speech if only to highlight some of the points made, and give the practice followed in a country that is since 2004, a member state of the European Union (it has been a member of the Council of Europe since 1962), with basically a common law tradition.
Supreme Courts, High Courts or Appellate Courts are by definition judicial authorities that have jurisdiction to adjudicate usually as a final Court of competence, on all matters that are referred to them from lower Courts by way of appeal. Moreover, they are also entrusted, depending on the constitutional structure of the country, with other specific jurisdictions that were thought fit by the drafters of the Constitution to be allotted to the High Court.
*1 (Brazil, Forum For-JVS – international conferences on terrorism).
*2 for example, the International Conference at Lome, Togo, November
2006, on the Independence of the Judiciary.
The Supreme Court of Cyprus is a fusion between the previous High Court and the Supreme Constitutional Court, both established by the 1960 Constitution upon the country´s independence. While the High Court was the highest Appellate Court, the Supreme Constitutional Court had exclusive jurisdiction to determine all matters relating to any recourse referred to by the President or Vice-President of the Republic on the ground that any law or decision of the House of Representatives discriminates against either of the two Communities, Greek or Turkish, as well as on other matters pertaining to solving conflict of power issues between the various state organs. It was also vested with the important jurisdiction of ruling on any question of repugnancy or inconsistency of any law or decision with any provision in the Constitution. All these jurisdictional powers are now vested in the one Supreme Court established by law in 1964, for reasons that relate to the political history of the country. It is interesting to note from the material provided for this conference, that here in Albania, as in many other countries, there is a similar juridical structure in that a constitutional court deals primarily with constitutional matters, while a High or Supreme Court hears appeals, from courts of appeal, providing a third tier system of justice. In Cyprus, due to the size of the country, only a two-tier system exists.
Having in mind the importance of the function of High or Supreme Courts as guardians of fundamental rights, the countries in Europe, be they members of the European Union or the Council of Europe family or both, have tried to establish an agreed general framework on judicial standards. Of foremost importance is the independence of the judiciary. No state may function according to the rule of law without entrenching the independence of its judiciary. It is precisely this independence, which guarantees a fair trial, a prerequisite for any free society operating within the principles of lawfulness and legality. The independence of the judiciary is a fundamental principle and according to the recital to the United Nations basic principles on the independence of the judiciary of 1985, echoed in the Beijing Statement on principles of the independence of the judiciary in the Lawasia Region of August 1997, and of course in Articles 5 and 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights of 1950, as well as in many other European and international legal instruments, judges "are charged with the ultimate decision over life, freedoms, rights, duties and property of citizens.".
The theory sets in an axiomatic form the essence of the independence of the judiciary. The problem however arises: how does one puts theory into practice? One way European judicial systems try to do this is by following the separation of powers doctrine. It is self evident that the three state powers need to perform their respective functions independently of each other, so that the judiciary, as one of the three basic but equal to the other pillars of a modern democratic state, may also function independently. The principle of separation of powers is not universally followed however, not even at the European level. There are variations on the theme of separation and it is not the ambit of this speech to go into any detail. It has however a tremendous impact on how independent the judiciary actually is or appears to be so. I talk of appearance, as very often in modern societies with the advent of human rights in post World War II Europe, appearances are of primary importance, as "Caesar´s wife should be free from suspicion" as the proverb goes following Caesar´s decision to divorce his second wife Pompeia*. In the U.K.'s legal system this was in essence followed in 2005 by passing a law that created the Supreme Court to replace the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, so as to completely disassociate itself from the legislative work of the House of Lords. It even moved its venue to another place.
In Cyprus, a colony of the British Empire up to 1960, the constitutional drafters without stating the principle directly in any Article of the Constitution, have ensured that the three state powers are in essence separate from each other to a degree that one may well talk of a complete separation of powers. As far as the judiciary is concerned, this is safeguarded by the appointment of all judges of the lower Courts in Cyprus by the Supreme
* (Cicero: Letters to Atticus 1.13).
Council of Judicature, which is composed of the thirteen justices of the Supreme Court, having sole competency on the matter. No direct or indirect influence exists or is even allowed from the executive or the legislature. I understand from the Analytical Report of the European Commission´s Opinion on Albania´s application for membership of the European Union, that appointments to the first and subsequent position of Judges in the District Courts and on Appeal Courts are made by the President of the Republic on the proposal by the High Council of Justice, which however does not have competence over the High Court.
This brings me to the all-important aspect of judicial Councils, the role and function of which should in no way be underestimated. In its Opinion No. 10 of 2007, the Consultative Council of European Judges stated the following (para 8):
"The Council of the Judiciary is intended to safeguard both the independence of the judicial system and the independence of individual judges. The existence of independent and impartial courts is a structural requirement of a state governed by the rule of law."
Not all countries have a Judicial Council, but whatever body exists for the appointment, promotion and discipline of judges should conform to certain absolute prerequisites, in order to guarantee impartiality and independence. We see that the two notions go hand in hand. Both independence and impartiality are equally important. You cannot really have the one without the other. Paragraph 15 of Opinion 10, further recommends that the composition of the Judicial Council or the Council for the Judiciary "..... shall be such as to guarantee its independence and to enable it to carry out its function effectively."
In the paragraph following, the Consultative Council states its opinion that the Judicial Council could either be composed solely of judges or have a mixed composition of judges and non-judges, but in both cases and I quote "the perception of self-interest, self-protection and cronyism must be avoided." My jurisdiction is perhaps an almost unique case of a Council for the Judiciary that is composed solely of judges. This was not always the case. Up to 1987, the Supreme Council of Judicature was composed of the President and two senior judges of the Supreme Court, the most senior President of the District Court and the most senior District Court judge from the District Court level, the Attorney-General of the Republic, a constitutionally autonomous and independent Officer of the state, and one lawyer with at least 12 years practice.
Experience has however shown that in order to avoid outside influence directly or indirectly from political parties, or lawyers´ associations or pressure groups, it was best to abolish the old system and replace it with a Judicial Council solely of judges. The danger of having such a body is that problems might arise from the fact that it could be considered as a "closed shop" which lacks enough transparency and it does not reflect or take into consideration society´s other main actors so that their voices may be heard. I well remember when we were discussing the matter in our working group, in CCJE, this came up as a strong objection especially form certain central European countries to having a body composed solely of judges. I admit there are no easy solutions. Either a body of judges or a body of mixed judges and other jurists or actors may well be influenced by factors unrelated to the furtherance of the interests of justice. Ultimately, it boils down to the character of the individual members of such a body, as well as the maturity of the society, judicially and politically, in which the Judicial Council operates. The Consultative Council in either case took the view that judges should be elected by their peers so that any manipulation or undue pressure might be avoided. The important thing to note is to limit as far as possible the influence of political parties, parliament or the executive. To do this I trust there is convergence in the opinion that a body solely of judges or even of a majority of them would overall be in a better position to select and appoint judges on their own individual merit, character-wise and knowledge-wise, than a body that may well be influenced by considerations other than strict judicial norms. In the end, judges should be totally non-political. One needs to build up a tradition of judicial independence. This is the only way to ensure adherence to Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10.12.1948, that "Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal ..." The same principle is proclaimed in Article 14, paragraph 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights, similar to Article 30 of the Cyprus Constitution. In addition, of course mention must be made of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
That is why in the Commentary of the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct* it is stated in para. 135, in unequivocal terms that: "A judge´s duties are incompatible with certain political activities, such as membership of the national parliament or local council.". A judge needs to appear as "de-politicized" as possible. If that should be the measure for a judge, it follows that the contrary should also hold true. If Parliament or the Executive are in a position to influence the appointment of judges the game is lost. This concern is voiced by Sir Henry Brooke in his Report on the High Court of Albania of 11th October 2010, on the influence of the Parliamentary Assembly which has to consent to the appointment of judges on the High Court. The power of veto from the Assembly has blocked many candidates nominated by the* United Nations – Office on Drugs and Crime Publication - September 2007
President, no matter how well fitted a candidate might be for appointment to judicial office in the highest Court of the land. It is also noted that despite the fact that the President has set up a Commission to advice him on suitable candidates "there is no independent, non-party political, element in the ultimate decision making body.".
Two problems arise here. If a system of justice is to strike for the best it should take steps to eliminate completely or to the greatest possible extent any political intermingling with the affairs of the judiciary. Having a Judicial Council composed solely or mainly of Judges ensures that appointment, promotions and discipline of judges are in the hands of judicial experts, i.e. professional judges that are free or should be free from political influence. Establishing a well-respected Judicial Council, which functions according to the rule of law, is the first problem to solve. Its solution also takes care of the lower courts structure. However, the second problem is even more acute. Who sets up the Judicial Council? Who appoints it members? Across Europe, the Judicial Council is not necessarily identified with the judges of the Supreme or High Court. In many countries it is a different body. The Consultative Council of European Judges recommends in paragraphs 25-26, that, "In order to guarantee the independence of the authority responsible for the selection and career of judges, there should be rules ensuring that the judge members are selected by the judiciary", reflecting, the widest possible representation of the judiciary at all levels. Non-judges should also be appointed by a system that entrusts such appointments to non-political authorities. Should such members be appointed in a particular state by Parliament, then they should not be members of Parliament. In any event both judges and non-judges members must be selected on the basis of their competence, experience, understanding of judicial life (a very important idea), capacity for discussion and culture of independence. CCJE makes also the all-important recommendation that it "does not advocate systems that involve political authorities such as Parliament or the executive at any stage of the selection process.... All forms of appointment by authorities internal or external to the judiciary should be avoided."
Therefore, a system that enables interference with the appointment of members of the Judicial Council falls short of the principles enunciated. In systems that the appointment of Supreme Court Judges befalls on the President of the Republic, the danger of political appointments or appointments that are not made following the highest standards of judicial life becomes more evident if the nomination of the appointment is also made subject to approval by the legislative body. The CCJE approved on 17.11.2010, "a Magna Carta of Judges (Fundamental Principles)" on the occasion of its 10th anniversary, during its 11th plenary meeting. It this Magna Carta, all the essential themes found in its previous 12 Opinions were summarised and codified. It is apt to draw attention to the fact that all these opinions as well as the Magna Carta were brought to the attention of the Committee of Ministers and were approved, thus all Opinions have the sanction of the Committee of Ministers as regards the principles of justice that should be followed by all member states of the Council of Europe. Under the title "Body in charge of Guaranteeing Independence", it is stated that each state shall create a Council for the Judiciary or another specific body, itself independent form legislative and executive powers, endowed with broad competences for all questions concerning their statute as well as the organisation, the functioning and the image of judicial institutions."
In Cyprus, the appointment of judges of the Supreme Court is the sole responsibility of the President of the Republic. Up to 1988, the Courts of Justice Law provided that all appointments were made upon receiving the views of the Supreme Court itself. Despite the abolition of this provision, all Presidents of the Republic have up to now during the 52 years of the Republic´s independence sought the views of the members of the Supreme Court which views have been followed on all appointments except on two occasions, but only once was an appointment made outside the judiciary having a lawyer elevated directly to the Supreme Court. I should mention here that once the President of the Republic in exercising his constitutional right to appoint a suitable judge to the Supreme Court wrote to the Supreme Court to receive its views, also stating however that he would seek the opinion of the Attorney-General and of the Bar Association. To this the Supreme Court reacted by refusing to state its views as the President´s attempt to receive the views of non-judges was considered an affront to the independence of the judiciary and an indirect way of having other actors influence appointment based on perhaps dubious criteria. The President assured that he would in no way allow the opinion of lawyers to circumvent or undermine the gravity of the Supreme Court´s opinion, an attitude that solved the matter.
My own personal solution to the problem in order to avoid such phenomena would be that after the initial appointment i.e. the very first appointment of the judges of the Supreme or High Court by the President of the state or the executive power in general, the judicial body should be self-governed i.e. it should decide by itself who should be appointed to the Supreme or High Court and the executive head of the state should have to appoint the specific person. The objection once again to this is that of self-protecting interests and cronyism. The ultimate answer, I think, is to be sought in the maturity of the society involved. In the U.K. for example, a country with a very long and strong legal tradition and with no written constitution, the now Supreme Court Justices (the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005), are selected by a Selection Commission set up by the Lord Chancellor which in turn consults senior judges who are not themselves candidates. A nomination is accepted or rejected by the Lord Chancellor. Then the Prime Minister makes a final recommendation to the Queen, who makes the appointment.
Enough on Judicial Councils. Let me now turn to the other important aspect of independence and impartiality. I have tried up to now to establish the direct connection between independence and the principle of separation of powers, with reference to Judicial Councils. Of equal importance in ensuring independence and autonomy is the term of service of judges whether of High or Supreme Courts or of subordinate courts. Again, there is no lack of pronouncements on the need to have a judiciary not subject to the whims of the political party in power. In its very first Opinion, CCJE on the all important subject entitled "Independence of the Judiciary" in 2001, (the full title is "Opinion No. 1 on Standards concerning the Independence of the Judiciary and the Irremovability of Judges", CCJE had this to recommend in paragraph 60, after reviewing the practices followed in various European countries or Council of Europe member-states:
"(a) that the irremovability of judges should be an express element of the independence enshrined to the highest internal level."
Let me stop here for a moment. This sub-paragraph refers back to paragraph 16 of the same Opinion, where the European Charter on the Statute for Judges is mentioned and which provides that, "In each European State, the fundamental principles of the statute of judges are set out in internal norms at highest level, and its rules in norms at least at the legislative level." CCJE adopted this specific prescription of the European Charter instead of the less specific provisions of the first sentence of Principle 1.2. of Recommendation No. R (94)12, now replaced by Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 12 of 17.10.2010. Irremovability should therefore be secured at the highest internal level. In practice this is done by a Judicial Council, which itself is independent of the two other powers. The best way however is for tenure and irremovability of judges to find their way into the Constitution of the country or under a specific legal regime. To this end, Rec. (2010)12, recognises in paragraph 49 that, "Security of tenure and irremovability are key elements of the independence of judges", while paragraph 7, stipulates that the independence of the judge and of the judiciary should be enshrined in the constitution or at the highest possible level.
In Cyprus, the Constitution specifically stated that judges of the Supreme Court, once appointed there, hold office to the age of 68. All other judges enjoy tenure by the Courts Law of 1960, enacted right upon independence, initially until the age of 60, now until the age of 63. The salaries of the Supreme Court Judges are fixed upon the Consolidated Fund so that they are secured until retirement. In like manner, other provisions in the Constitution specifically state that the remuneration and other terms of service of judges at all levels cannot be varied to their detriment after their appointment. This provision corresponds to a similar provision in the United States Constitution. So both tenure and remuneration are safeguarded at the highest possible level as the Constitution is the basic legal instrument of the country and the House of Representatives may not pass any law contrary to its provisions. As regards irremovability, Article 133 provides that Supreme Court Judges are permanent members of the Republic´s judicial service and cannot be dismissed except on the ground of misconduct. Similar provisions cover all other judges of the subordinate courts.
It follows that if you have tenure, remuneration and irremovability entrenched at the highest possible level, no political party or outside influence may attempt to interfere with the independence of the judiciary. Such provisions are in direct conformity with the European Charter on the Statute of Judges, while paragraph 46 of Opinion No. 1 of CCJE, succinctly states that:
"European practice is generally to make full-time appointments until the legal retirement age. This is the approach least problematic from the view point of independence."
I believe that appointment to a High or Supreme Court for a limited period, even on a full-time basis, runs contrary to the very notion of independence as re-appointment may take into account considerations not consonant with the judicial merit of the candidate. Even, if reappointment is not provided for, as I understand is the case in Albania at present, then the danger lies in that if appointment in the first place is or may be influenced by political considerations, judicial decisions later reached might also be influenced by political affiliations.
One of the most important aspects and side effects of tenure and irremovability for any High Court is that the Court is able to ensure unified application of the law on reaching and issuing judgments and decisions that can be used as precedents. The common law system has systematically followed the principle of stare decisis. Judgments of the higher courts are binding on lower courts so that a body of common law principles slowly develops to an extent that it is legally wrong and unacceptable for a subordinate court judge to reach a conclusion that is different to the legal principle established by the higher courts. High Court panels when reaching decisions also follow their own precedent so that ultimately legal certainty is attained. This helps lawyers to advice their clients properly and is a way (together with limiting the number of cases to reach appeal level by means of procedural laws and steps), to stop the high number of appeals on legal points already decided especially if the cost to do so is high. In the U.K., appeals to higher courts and especially the House of Lords, now renamed Supreme Court, are only allowed on a certified legal point of general interest and importance.
Independence is not only about the way judges of the Supreme or High Court are appointed and removed. Having secured those fundamental issues, other matters are also at stake. You cannot really have independence and impartiality if remuneration is not commensurate to the all important work judges do or if there is not state support for adequate funding of the Courts and their personnel. Court management and workload are equally important, indirectly touching upon independence. CCJE has addressed all of these issues and many more. Funding and management of Courts with reference to the efficiency of the judiciary in relation to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights was the subject of Opinion 2. It was stated that despite the recognition that the funding of Courts is part of the state budget presented to the legislative power by the executive branch of government, "such funding should not be subject to political fluctuations". It also recommended that, "Decisions on the allocation of funds to the courts must be taken with the strictest respect for judicial independence."
Again, in Opinion No. 4 on appropriate initial training and in-service training for judges at national and international level, CCJE correlated general training with an independent judiciary as such independence imposes on judges ethical duties including the duty to perform judicial work professionally and diligently. It was CCJE´s view that the legislation in each country on the statues of judges should provide for such training, while, quoting the European Charter on the Statute for Judges, it agreed that the authority responsible for supervising the quality of training programmes should be independent of the executive and legislature with at least half of its members being judges.
Again, much is at stake for an independent judiciary in its relationship with the media. In this modern world of ours, there is urgent need to integrate justice into society and this requires judicial systems to open up and learn how to make them known. As CCJE said in Opinion No. 7 of 2005, the idea is not to turn Courts into a "media circus" but to contribute to the transparency of the judicial process, an important aspect of gaining respect in the judiciary´s independence. These "outreach" programmes primarily concern Judicial Councils or the High Courts which have to take initiatives to create offices in Courts in charge of reception and information, organise calendar or educational fora and other meetings with the public so that justice opens up to society. In this way, people will know about the activities of the Courts and what and how they do it form primary sources, not depending on the activities of the media. It is also useful to improve contact methods with the media to strengthen understanding of the respective roles and to inform the public of the complexities of judicial work.
I would like to end this speech by identifying in very general terms some issues facing High Court and judges across Europe. One of the tasks of CCJE is to monitor and give specific assistance to judicial authorities in member states where there is a complaint or a specific issue is drawn to the attention of CCJE. In a document prepared in October 2011, CCJE specifies past bilateral activities of CCJE concerning the status of justice in a number of countries such as Bulgaria, France, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine etc. CCJE issues declarations or takes other appropriate actions to meet the specific needs of the country involved. The common problem facing the judiciary today all over Europe is that there is an attempt from the executive and legislative powers to interfere either directly or indirectly with the affairs of justice. Such attempts take all kinds of forms and pretences, not least of which are the current financial problems facing almost all of Europe. The attempts or actions taken by governments and parliaments range from cuts in salaries and emoluments of judges at all levels, to non-reappointment of judges, limiting budgets available for the judiciary, non signing or ratifying international or European instruments, re-organisation of the whole judicial or administrative structure of courts enabling greater and increasing influence of the Ministry of Justice, and even termination of the service of judges with a different potential reappointment scheme and re-election process.
To all the above, judiciaries, especially Supreme or High Courts must react appropriately. Having bodies such as CCJE issuing strong declarations help to reduce or even extinguish such problems. After all, one must give practical effect to such high and noble pronouncements as are found in Rec 2010/12, that the independence of individual judges, as well as of the judiciary as a whole, is a fundamental aspect of the rule of law.
Thank you for your patience.
Stelios Nathanael
Supreme Court of Cyprus


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Reba McEntire hosts Muhammad Ali's annual charity event
Listen to Reba McEntire on iHeartRadio
Reba McEntire is once again throwing her support behind Muhammad Ali's annual Celebrity Fight Night.
USA Today says the country singer served as the emcee for this year's event, which took place in Phoenix, Arizona Saturday night. She also brought in a million dollars for the cause with her auction donation of a dinner with her at her home. Two separate bidders each shelled out $500,000 dollars for the prize.
Other country stars took part in the event as well. The Band Perry and Kenny Rogers both performed at the fundraiser.
Reba sang as well, joining Kenny for the duet "Islands in the Stream."
The Celebrity Fight Night fundraiser supports the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center at St. Joseph's Hospital in Phoenix along with more than a dozen other charities.
Photo Credit Getty Images

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How can a person prove tantra was or wasn't taught by Buddha?
davcuts wrote:I'm having doubts about the nature of tantra. Why is tantra not apart of Theravada Buddhism? I'm having doubts Buddha ever taught tantra. The fact tantra was first taught in Hinduism makes my doubts even stronger. How can a person prove tantra was or wasn't taught by Buddha? If this question goes against the TOS moderators please delete it.
In this text the Buddha implicitly rejects the maxim that "the end justifies the means" - a doctrine widely folowed in politics and sometimes even by religious institutions. Our text further declares as groundless the hope of those who apply this maxim in the belief that they will be rewarded in a future life for serving their cause by unrighteous means in this life, or in the case of non-religious application, that a future generation will reap the reward of the present violence and repression, in an ideal society or a "paradise on earth".
Our text further negates the notion that lustful passion, or actions usually regarded as immoral or sinful need not be obstacles to liberation or salvation and can even aid their attainment. Such ideas in varying formulations, have been mooted in Gnosticism, in medieval and later Christian heretical sects, in pre-Buddhist India, and in non-Buddhist and Buddhist tantra. The notion that the end justifies the means has also been expressed by such assertions as "Whatever is done with a view of doing good to the world is right or virtuous".
davcuts said: I was taught tantra was taught by Buddha, but it was a secret teachings only passed along to a chosen few.
davcuts wrote:Would a teacher who practices Theravada Buddhism ever advice one of his/her students to steal a pair of prostitutes panties, and draw a holy image onto them?
thornbush wrote:Why wonder that Buddhist Tantra is not found in the Pali Canon?
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Christopher Buckley Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Buckley has written!
Author Buckley's Book Reviews
Florence of Arabia
As Prince Bawad, ambasador to the U.S. from the Middle Eastern nation of Wasabia, prepares to return home after a twenty year posting in Washington, D.C., one of his four wives, Nazarah, decides to stay behind in the U.S. Knowing that her husband, the Prince, would never willingly allow her to stay behind, Nazarah decides to flee their residence in one of their cars and seek asylm. Having little experience in driving a car, Nazarah, ends up crashing th...
Florence of Arabia
After an acquaintance is beheaded back in her native country after trying to flee her marriage, state department employee Firenze �Florence� Farfaletti writes a shocking government paper and sends a copy to her boss' boss. She proposes a plan to begin liberating Islamic women to help stabilize the politics of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims. Her superior thinks she has just thrown away her career and caused irreparable harm to his own, but much to Flor...
Little Green Men
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An acerbic Washington political pundit is driven to the edge by a cynical, unstable government agent whose job is to discredit administration opponents by making them believe they have been abducted, probed and released by aliens. The pundit's life is turned upside down when it gets out that he believes that he, too, has been been kidnapped. The pundit turns the tables when he starts an explosively popular mass movement of abduction-believers. But are th...
Little Green Men
This is Christopher Buckley's satirical story on extraterrestrial life and the way things are run inside the Washington Beltway. Jack Banion, the caustic, popular Washington, DC based political talk show host who has enough clout to get the President to appear on his weekly Sunday morning broadcast, is also a syndicated columnist and a very much in-demand paid public speaker. Abducted by what he thinks are aliens while searching for errant tee shots ju...
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Thank You For Smoking
Christopher Buckley has given the world a hero to hate. Nick Naylor is the Tobacco Industry's public spokesman and despised by the media and anti-smoking forces alike. This humorously toned thriller set in Washington, DC amid the power struggles of the federal government, special interest groups and big corporations. Early on Nick becomes a kidnapping victim. An attempt on his life fails when the dozens of nicotine patches covering his body fail to k...
Thank You for Smoking
Christopher Buckley has written a fine, comic novel that does his famous sire (WFB, Jr.) proud. He deftly weaves in to his plot the relationship between freedom, responsibility, and the effects of lying on the individual's character. One of the finest novels in the last 5 years or so....
The White House Mess
The new presidency of Democrat Thomas N. Tucker gets off to an auspicious start when outgoing President Ronald Reagan won't relinquish the Oval Office and step down on Inauguration Day. Herbert Wadlough, as Deputy Chief of Staff must do his best to work through every crisis, large and small, during the term in office of his good friend from Boise, Idaho. Wadlough and his family, son Herbert, Jr., wife Joan, and daughter Joan must adapt to the culture s...
They Eat Puppies, Don't They?
A lobbyist tries to incite hatred against China. Walter "Bird" McIntyre is a lobbyist for defense giant Groepping-Sprunt who lives in a countryside estate with his wife, an equestrienne trying out for the US Equestrian team, his senile mother, her vastly overweight caretaker, and his brother Bewks, a Confederate Civil War cavalry re-enactor. When Groepping-Sprunt's proposed drone project gets shot down by Congress, Groepping-Sprunt CEO "Chick" Devlin gi...
Washington Schlepped Here: Walking in the Nation's Capital
Christopher Buckley has adopted the city of Washington, DC as his home for over twenty years and shows his love for it in this travelogue. He has proposed four easy-to-accomplish walking tours of the city each maximizing the grand testaments to America's founders, fallen heroes, and accomplishments. With every step along the way he explains historical information, little known facts, odd trivia, and related anecdotes of his own brush with the political...


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Andre Ward.
Nothing new, obviously the world knows who he is...
But he has been out of action for a while, even injury related and recouped, he glides like oil down a dipstick.
I struggle to see who will rise from oblivion and beat him anytime within a couple of years.
Froch by fluke k.o. Possibly.., I mean somebody has to win the lottery when the odds seem impossible.


text: It was just last month that Kat Von D and Deadmau5 broke up after she caught him cheating on her. Of course Kat has a lot of experience getting cheated on so was able to move past it and now has not only got back together with the DJ, but apparently is engaged after Deadmau5 proposed to Kat on Twitter. Oh yeah, he did. No dinner out or putting out much effort at all. The DJ simply posed a photo of a ring and asked her to marry him. He did not even post the actual ring. He said the actual ring was being changed so the photo he used was a stand in while he put a black diamond in because that is so edgy. You know, because they are both so edgy with their corporate sponsorships and reality shows.


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Fine aggregates (minus 4 mesh and smaller) are of little perceived value because they are typically not thought to enhance the performance of concrete, either in its plastic or hardened state. The inferior performance of some manufactured fines, however, is not necessarily due to the material itself, but to the methodology used to characterize the properties of fine aggregates. Sieve-analysis testing is typically flawed, or it gives misleading information about the suitability of fines for a given use.
The main culprit is insufficient attention to three key aggregate properties that affect performance: particle size, shape, and texture.
The thought that "ultra fines," i.e., those of minus 200 mesh size and smaller, increase water demand assumes that specific surface is related to water demand regardless of particle size. Test work by Aggregate Research Industries (ARI), however, shows that the minus 100 mesh materials do not increase water demand.
To assist with compaction, it is desirable to design a concrete mix with a low internal friction coefficient. The internal friction in a concrete mix is the sum of the total friction between the individual particles. The amount of friction exerted by any given particle is directly related to the particle shape, as well as the surface texture and size of the aggregate.
It is generally accepted that cubical aggregates produced by crushing have a surface that allows for a good bond with cement paste while maintaining an acceptable internal friction within a concrete mix. Differences in particle shape and surface texture directly influence the strength of hardened concrete of the same mix proportions.
The article includes tables showing the relationship between minus 100 fines content and water demand, how rough aggregate texture results in greater concrete strength, and the relative effects of aggregate properties on concrete strength.


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Recipe Find: Hamburger and Noodles Stroganoff
Published 12:00 am, Monday, August 2, 2010
We thought our recent column was the last one we'd write on Christie's, the popular, now-closed restaurant on Broadway. But there's more to tell.
After the column ran on the history of Christie's and the fact that a Christie's restaurant is still open in Houston, I heard from Katina Sarris Friedland who says, "My father, Gus Sarris, and my uncle, Jimmy Lampis, were the owners of Christie's Restaurant here in San Antonio. When our family moved to San Antonio around 1940, the first restaurant they owned was called the Ship Ahoy, which was located on Austin Highway. A year or so later they found a location on Broadway that they decided would be an ideal location for a restaurant.
Food & Drink Channel
"They needed help financing the acquisition of the property and went to Mrs. Eleftheria Christie, the wife of Theodore Christie in Houston, who also happened to be my mother's sister. She agreed to help finance the restaurant here and became a third partner with the stipulation the restaurant be named Christie's.
"A few years later, Mrs. Christie divorced Mr. Christie and decided she would rather live in Greece where she was born. At that time, my father and my uncle bought out her share of the restaurant. The restaurant was not sold to an outsider, but some time in the '50s it was leased to the Hill family from Corpus Christi. The lease was for 10 years, and when the lease was up, my father and my uncle resumed control of the business.
"My father ran Christie's until he died in 1972. My uncle, Jimmy Lampis, died a few years previous to that. When my father died, my cousin, Johnny Lampis, the son of Jimmy Lampis, ran the restaurant until he sold it.
"About this same time, my brother, Christie Sarris, established a Christie's in Austin. It existed for a number of years until the property was sold to build a hotel.
"I (wrote) because I thought you would like to read a true history of a wonderful seafood restaurant that was such a part of San Antonio for so long."
I asked if Friedland had any of Christie's recipes to share. Unfortunately, she doesn't, noting "What happened to the recipes (from Christie's), I don't know."
She was, however, willing to share one of her personal favorite recipes. "It's my very favorite Hamburger Stroganoff that I think is outstanding," she says.
Recipe Find appears Sundays in Taste. If you are looking for a lost recipe or have a favorite recipe to share, let us hear from you. E-mail email@example.com or write Recipe Find, San Antonio Express-News, P.O. Box 2171, San Antonio, TX 78297-2171. Recipe requests will be answered in this column only; due to time limitations, no personal replies can be given.


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Rent The WAC Casebook 1st edition today, or search our site for other textbooks by Christopher M. Anson. Every textbook comes with a 21-day "Any Reason" guarantee. Published by Oxford University Press.
Need help ASAP? We have you covered with 24/7 instant online tutoring. Connect with one of our Writing tutors now.


text:
CAMS Student Portal
Course and student information
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Connect your mobile device to the university's e-mail system
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books, supplies, and Marian University apparel
Mother Theresa Hackelmeier Memorial Library
The Exchange
Office of Internships and Career Services KnightWork
Online job board for students
Campus Dining Services
Subway, the Barbara B. Cooling Dining Center in Clare Hall, and the Knight and Day Cafe in the Mother Theresa Hackelmeier Memorial Library.
CAMS Faculty Portal
Canvas Login
Course management system.
You will need your Marian University username and password to access the system. If you need help with your username or password, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 317.955.6444.
Computer Software from e-Academy
authorized discounted software for Marian University students, faculty, staff, and administration. Keyword: ICI
Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities
The Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities is intended to provide guidelines and outline community expectations.
Student Health Insurance Options Information and resources about student health insurance plans. Marian University does not provide a "student health insurance" plan nor do we endorse any medical plans.
All Marian University students and their families may make online payments by credit card or through a checking or savings account. Visit www.afford.com/marian and complete the information that is requested and print confirmation of your payment. The Business Office will post your payment on the next business day following your payment date. Online payments made by midnight on a published tuition due date are considered on time.
Call (317) 955-6271 or request more information.
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Notice of Nondiscrimination
Marian University does not discriminate on the basis of race, ethnicity, color, sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, creed, national origin, age or disabilities in the selection of administrative personnel, faculty and staff, and students.


text:
home security alarm companies service usa
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Home Security Alarm Repair Service Dealers USA
When you are looking for service and repair for your home alarm systems or repair service for your home security camera systems and home alarm systems nationwide in the United States. When your alarm system is not working properly and you need emergency home security alarm service or repair in Dallas,New York,Los Angeles,Miami,Houston,Chicago,Boston,Detroit,Memphis,Baltimore,Washington DC,San Diego find qualified camera system repair and service dealers all across the US.Find affordable home security alarm service and repair dealers and professional home security alarm repair services in the United States, you can find home security alarm repair dealers with technicians to repair your home alarm system today. Find affordable home camera system services in Los Angeles,Dallas,New York City,Boston,Milwaukee,Fort Worth,Houston,Albuquerque,Des Moines,Waterloo,Miami,Atlanta,Charlotte,Raleigh,Baltimore,Indianapolis,Cleveland,Manhattan,Queens and the entire US.


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: Getting off baby food
22nd April 2012 05:12 PM #1
- Join Date
- Apr 2012
- Posts
- 17
Getting off baby food
How can i get my 13 month old daughter to start eating "human" food and off the store bought baby food, she's been eating solids from 3 months old?
23rd April 2012 03:02 AM #2
- Join Date
- Jan 2012
- Posts
- 1,936
If she's already onto the "chunky" baby food and you know she does well with the "chunkier" texture, then it shouldn't be hard to transition her onto the food you eat.
One thing you can do is to pick up a baby food mill or grinder. This would be a good first step. Just put some of the food you are eating in the grinder and grind it up. You can add a little water or breast milk or formula to it if needed.
Once she's eating only foods you eat (no more baby food) then you can transition her to soft chunks of things like chunks of sweet potato, carrot, etc.
Right now you can start mashing up fresh banana for her. Avocados are also a great fresh food to mash for babies.
if you read through the threads in the "Introducing Solids" forum you'll find some great ideas. I know you're not introducing solids, but you are transitioning off of baby food and this forum is full of good ideas.
Any other mums have ideas for Bridge85?
Kind Regards,
23rd April 2012 04:28 PM #3
- Join Date
- Apr 2012
- Posts
- 17
Thank you Kate. This will help.


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GSA Awards WinStar Communications Inc. Cincinnati Metropolitan Area Local Telecommunications Services ContractGovernment Business Estimated to be $100 Million Over 8 Years
March 23, 2000
Contact: Bill Bearden (202) 501-1231
WASHINGTON -- The U.S. General Services Administration today selected WinStar Communications, Inc. to provide local telecommunications services to federal government agencies in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The value of government business is estimated to be $100 million over 8 years - 4 base years plus 4 one-year options.
This is the latest award of the Metropolitan Area Acquisition (MAA) program, which is managed by GSA's Federal Technology Service (FTS). The initial MAA program awards were made in May 1999 for local telecommunications services in New York, Chicago, and San Francisco. That initial success led GSA to expand the program dramatically in order to bring the greatest possible success to federal government users across the nation. The contract in Cincinnati brings the total number of cities served by the program to 5, with procurements for 15 additional cities already underway. The contracts provide for standard voice service as well as switched data service and dedicated transmission service offerings. The scope of the contract allows for the addition of new and leading edge services as they become available in the commercial marketplace.
Over the life of the contract, the new local service prices negotiated with WinStar will potentially save the government over $36.6 million when compared to rates currently available to the government. This is a saving of approximately 72.4%. For the particular service categories of circuit switched services (CSS) and dedicated transmission service (DTS), the potential savings range from 26% to 67% when compared to currently available prices.
The MAA Program was conceived shortly after the Telecommunications Act of 1996, in order to bring to the local service environment the same benefits of competition that had been seen in the long distance market since 1984. Following closely behind the highly successful award of FTS2001 long distance service contracts to Sprint and MCI in late 1998, the initial MAA awards in May 1999 achieved unprecedented low prices for local service that established new paradigms for the industry. GSA then moved aggressively to extend the program to 17 additional metropolitan areas. Buffalo was the first in February 2000 and Cincinnati the second of those awards. Awards are expected soon for Cleveland, Los Angeles and Baltimore.
"The award in Cincinnati is ongoing proof of the value of the program, as we work to bring the benefits of local service competition to an ever-widening population of federal users," said Dennis Fischer, Commissioner of GSA's Federal Technology Service. "We expect to continue to roll out new awards on an expedited schedule for the remaining cities in this MAA phase, and then to expand the program even further."
As part of the FTS program strategy, FTS has incorporated competition-enhancing terms in its MAA and FTS2001 telecommunications contracts, including price management mechanisms and technology refreshment provisions. These are meant to ensure not only that the prices paid by federal government users remain current with the best available in the marketplace, but that the types of services offered remain current with industry trends as well.
For more MAA program specific information, please call the MAA Program Director, Larry Hazzard at (703) 610-2823.
Additional Information on the Cincinnati Metropolitan Area Acquisition (MAA)
Program Level
Nationwide qualification process that certifies competitive local service providers at the program level to provide a set of standard local services.
Continuous competition introduced throughout the life of the contract with a price management mechanism to ensure timely and continued pricing.
One-stop-shopping local service contract with a broad scope for future local and long distance service integration and other new commercial services. Government customers on par with commercial customers?ernment gets access to new services at same pace as commercial marketplace.
Four base years plus four one-year options indefinite delivery/indefinite quantify fixed price contract with flexible provision for agencies' specific requirements.
Significant price reduction due to competition.
Service Level
Comprehensive range of local service offerings including voice services with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) capabilities, Circuit-Switched Data Services, and Dedicated Transmission Services. Additional advanced and emerging services such as Packet Switched, Internet Protocol (IP), Frame Relay (FR), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Switched Multi-megabit Data Service (SMDS), Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Video Teleconferencing, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Services are in scope for addition when needed.
Feature-rich voice services with many features included as part of basic service package and as options. Services also include provision for National Security/Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP) capabilities.
No per-minute usage charge for Government-to-Government calls on the contractor's network.
Number portability supported when agencies move to a new service provider.
New services are compatible with existing ISDN equipment with no new equipment costs to agencies.
Detailed pricing by NPA-NXX.
Six flexible service delivery point options that allow agencies to acquire partial or turnkey services.
Flexible solutions for ensuring quality inside wiring and achieving connectivity throughout a building.
Wide range of support services including responsive ordering, billing, network troubleshooting, repair capabilities, infrastructure inventory, etc.
Continuous competition designed to allow agencies to act as "smart shoppers" in a commercial-like marketplace.


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You are a fan of beginnings dj_earl®_ ? Come to discover the best forums beginnings dj_earl®_ on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of beginnings dj_earl®_ . You can also build a forum beginnings dj_earl®_ and create your online discussion.
This forum is for early childhood professionals working with Smart Beginnings on their CDA, other professional development, and/or learning communities.
early, childhood, virginia, peninsula, daycare, worker, preschool, teacher, professional, development, education
This is an alternative version of your classic non-canon/ canon fairy tail rp sites that shall meet the expectations that seemingly many have forgotten, So welcome!
fairy, tail, alternative, version, classic, non-canon/, canon, sites, meet, expectations, seemingly, forgotten
This is a new pack new beginnings placed in Antarctica
icepack, this, pack, #beginnings, placed, antarctica
A roleplay site about dogs who end up on the island of Parenia. They must learn to survive and start new beginnings on the island, whether in a pack or as a loner.
packs, parenia, roleplay, site, dogs, island, learn, survive, start, pack
One hundred and fifty-five years after the death of the sage of six paths, the world is growing and new evils and challenges lurk on the horizon.
ninja, revolution, fifty-five, years, death, sage, paths, world, growing, evils, challenges, lurk
Free forum : The world is new and life is growing, become the greatest ninja to ever live!
A site to compile and collect ideas and concepts for the beginnings of a new mmorpg to be developed
Tap Tap New Beginnings
A Naruto RP for people more into casual, simplistic Roleplay.


text:
Hi guys,
i got an old IBM T41-Notebook and the noise off the fan is pretty annoying.
So i adpated that HOWTO from the thinkwiki (thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_control_fan_speed) to BackTrack3.
First you need to load the necessary kernel-module via
After that has been done you should be able to read many informations of your machine out of /proc/acpi/ibm.Code:modprobe -v ibm-acpi experimental=1
For instance temperatures (check thinkwiki to be sure which temp represents which sensor in your machine)
or fanspeedCode:bt ~ # cat /proc/acpi/ibm/thermal temperatures: 51 50 36 52 25 -128 23 -128
So now everything you have to do to change the fanspeed is abt ~ # cat /proc/acpi/ibm/fan
status: enabled
speed: 2953
level: 2
commands: level <level> (<level> is 0-7, auto, disengaged)
commands: enable, disable
commands: watchdog <timeout> (<timeout> is 0 (off), 1-120 (seconds))
where the "2" was just an example for the fanspeedlevel. Watch out that "0" stops the fan completely!! That could be dangerous so watch your temps!echo level 2 > /proc/acpi/ibm/fan
. If you dont wanna take any risk switch to the "auto" level which is probably pretty noisy.Code:watch cat /proc/acpi/ibm/thermal
There is also a very nice script that controls your fans automaticially, you may get it from: thinkwiki.org/index.php?title=Code/tp-fancontrol&action=raw&ctype=application/octet-stream just save it as .sh and chmod +x it to make it executable. Run it with ./ and everything works fine as long as you have loaded the ibm-acpi kernelmodule and running that stuff as root which is the default case unter backtrack3
If you wanna remove the Kernelmodule for whatever reason just do a
and everything will become normal/noisy again... ^^rmmod ibm-acpi
hope this helps somebody


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Bar Harbor Club
Enjoy Bar Harbor's Historic Private Club during Your Maine Vacation
After undergoing an extensive renovation, The Bar Harbor Club has been restored to its original grandeur, offering guests of the Harborside Hotel, Spa & Marina the opportunity to experience this historic private club during their Maine vacation.
Experience a world of self-indulgence at our luxurious spa, challenge your family to a friendly tennis match or cool off in the oceanfront pool. We look forward to exceeding your expectations and welcoming you to the Bar Harbor Club way of life.
Your $25 Resort Fee allows you enjoy the exclusive amenities at the newly-restored Bar Harbor Club, featuring everything you need for the perfect vacation in Maine. This historic club also features sophisticated event facilities ideal for meetings and conferences and romantic Bar Harbor weddings.
For more information please visit BarHarborClub.com


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I recently did an update, I'm running backtrack 5 r3, the update is listed below after I did this update Desktop Effects were broken could someone please point out what part of the update broke desktop effects.
Note that I can still run Xrender compositing but not OpenGL compositing as KDE gives the excuse that it was disabled by another application and reverts back to Xrender each time I select OpenGL.
I would be ok with this except for Xrender is slower that OpenGL. Listed below are the files that were updated.
Installed: icedtea-netx
Updated: dpkg, mysql-common, mysql-server, libc-bin, libc6, libc-bin, libc6-i686, libc-dev-bin, libc6-dev, tzdata-java, tzdata, libmysqlclient16, mysql-client-core-5.1, mysql-client-5.1, lsb-base, mysql-server-core-5.1, mysql-common, mysql-server-5.1, apt, libc-bin, python2.6-dev, libpython2.6, python2.6, python2.6-minimal, apt-utils, cron, dhcp3-client, dhcp3-common, gpgv, gnupg, vim-tiny, vim, vim-runtime, vim-common, procps, libkrb5-dev, krb5-multidev, libk5crypto3, libgssapi-krb5-2, libkrb5-3, libkrb5support0, libgssrpc4, libkdb5-4, libkadm5srv-mit7, libkadm5clnt-mit7, libxml2-dev, libxml2, bind9-host, dnsutils, libisc60, libdns64, libisccc60, libisccfg60, liblwres60, libbind9-60, libgc1c2, libgnutls-dev, libgnutls26, libgssglue1, apache2, apache2-mpm-prefork, apache2.2-common, apache2.2-bin, apache2-utils, apt-transport-https, libdbus-1-3, libexpat1-dev, libexpat1, dbus, dbus-x11, dpkg-dev, expat, libglib2.0-0, libnss3-1d, flashplugin-installer, libtiff4-dev, libtiffxx0c2, libtiff4, ghostscript, libgs8, gnupg-curl, libmagickcore2, libmagickwand2, imagemagick, initramfs-tools, initramfs-tools-bin, ruby1.8-dev, libruby1.8, ruby1.8, libreadline-ruby1.8, irb1.8, lsb-release, landscape-common, php5-cli, php5-sqlite, php5-mysql, libpq5, php5-pgsql, libapache2-mod-php5, php5-common, libexif12, libgl1-mesa-dev, mesa-common-dev, libgl1-mesa-dri, libgl1-mesa-glx, libglu1-mesa-dev, libglu1-mesa, libmagickcore2-extra, libopenssl-ruby1.8, libproxy0, libssh-4, libxml2-utils, libxslt1-dev, libxslt1.1, icedtea-6-jre-cacao, openjdk-6-jre-headless, openjdk-6-jre-lib, openjdk-6-jre, openjdk-6-jdk, php5, python-distutils-extra, python-libxml2, unattended-upgrades, python-software-properties, python3.1, python3.1-minimal, ri1.8, rdoc1.8, software-properties-kde, sudo, xsltproc


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Rent a car Volos Port Hertz
Get your Deal Volos Port
Hertz - Port Volos
01/11 - 31/03
Monday: 09:00 - 14:00 & 17:00 - 20:00
Tuesday: 09:00 - 14:00 & 17:00 - 20:00
Wednesday: 09:00 - 14:00 & 17:00 - 20:00
Thursday: 09:00 - 14:00 & 17:00 - 20:00
Friday: 09:00 - 14:00 & 17:00 - 20:00
Saturday: 09:00 - 14:00
01/04 - 31/10
Monday: 09:00 - 21:00
Tuesday: 09:00 - 21:00
Wednesday: 09:00 - 21:00
Thursday: 09:00 - 21:00
Friday: 09:00 - 21:00
Saturday: 09:00 - 14:00 & 18:00 - 21:00
Sunday: 10:00 - 13:00 & 18:00 - 20:00
Hertz - Port Volos Map
Rent a car in Volos and take your hired car from the car rental station in Volos Port.With RentalDeals, hiring a car in Volos Port is now easier and more accessible than ever.
Through our co-operation with the biggest car rental companies in Volos and more than 1000 car hire stations in Greece we know we can find for you the appropriate car in the most competitive price of the market.
If you wish to rent a car from Volos port you should keep in mind that due to work load in all ports of Greece it would be wise to follow some basic rules which will certainly make the Volos port car hire procedures much quicker.
- During your reservation it would be very helpful if you filled in the name of your ship at the port of Volos. This would be equally helpful to you because, if there is a delay, our colleague will keep waiting for the ship to arrive in order to deliver the car to you.
- Based on the car rental terms of the companies a customer is considered Non-Show after some hours of non appearance. This is why we advise you to inform us directly if you miss your boat or rearrange another voyage so that we can act properly.
- Don't forget to print your rental voucher, since this will make the procedures at the port much quicker. On the voucher you can find contact details of the car rental Volos port station. If for any reason you have forgotten your voucher we will directly send it to the station as soon as you contact us.
Don't forget, when picking your car to hold valid driving license, your credit card and some kind of identification, your ID card or passport.


text:
Kathy - from Wichita, KS
Start with the correct size of fondant – only slightly larger than the measurement of the top plus 2 sides of the cake you are covering. Then lift the fondant and position on the cake. Smooth the top, then gently shape the fondant to the cake sides with an Easy-Glide Smoother or your hands – being careful not to stretch the fondant as you smooth. Mark the fondant at the base of the cake, and trim off excess using a spatula or sharp knife. Then, smooth the fondant again, starting in the middle of the cake top, moving outward and down the sides to smooth and shape the fondant to the cake, removing any air bubbles. If necessary, trim one more time, then add your border!


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Singapore, lah! This modern city-state is small in stature but packs a punch on the holiday front, with a magnetic urban environment and old-world Asian charm. The four official languages of Singapore reflect its diversity: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. It's a little cultural microcosm of Asia.
There are more than five million in this city state – which includes 63 islands – at the tip of the Malay Peninsula. Yet, the streets are clean, the buildings gleam and traffic jams are non-existent.
More than 50 per cent of its area is parks and this 'garden city' is known for its top shopping and fine food. When the bright lights of Marina Bay come calling, there's little sense in resisting the lure of one of Asia's most glamorous cities.
Top Attractions
Boasting plenty of high-quality restaurants, trendy new nightclubs and a stunning water-lined location, there's so much to see and do in Singapore you won't know where to start! The landscaped, cage-free Singapore Zoo is a premier attraction, famed as one of the prettiest zoos in the world.
Those visitors who don't have the zoo on their list of things to do in Singapore may well be planning to shop. Orchard Road is comparable with New York's Fifth Avenue or Tokyo's Ginza when it comes to retail therapy.
Universal Studios Singapore, the Botanic Gardens and Sentosa Island all ensure there's no shortage of familiar sights to enjoy in the ever-changing Lion City.
Sample the sights from…
- Singapore Flyer (bird's-eye aerial views)
- Botanic Gardens (the city's green lungs)
- Singapore Zoo (for a unique Night Safari)
Where to stay
There's always a high season here, so booking Singapore accommodation well in advance is advisable. The high turnover of business guests means this can be a tough town if you're looking for budget properties, but they do exist; primarily in Little India, Bugis and Clarke Quay.
Mid-range hotels cluster near the western end of the Singapore River and you'll find a few boutique properties in Chinatown and Tanjong Pagar too. The most choice exists at the luxury end of the spectrum - anyone who's anyone has heard of Raffles Hotel. If you're on a romantic break or are looking for a family-friendly resort, you might like to try Sentosa Island.
Sleep somewhere unique...
- Kam Leng Hotel for old world Singapore
- The Scarlet Hotel – Singapore's first boutique hotel
- Capella Singapore on Sentosa Island
Singapore like a Local
Singapore events pop up throughout the year, so consider timing your trip to celebrate with the locals. Marina Bay lights up for the annual Singapore Formula One Grand Prix, while the Singapore Food Festival tempts epicureans with its delectable delights.
If you're invited to a Singaporean's home, be sure to take off your shoes before entering. When choosing an appropriate gift, keep in mind that white flowers are usually reserved for funerals and clocks also bear bad symbolic connotations. Most Singaporeans speak more than one language, but you will find Mandarin the most widely spoken.
Time your visit for local events...
- Chinese New Year – late January
- Singapore Arts Festival – May
- Deepavali – November held Hindu festival
Insider tips...
- Always pack an umbrella in your day pack in case of tropical showers and some tissues – you won't find many napkins at food stalls
- The retail day doesn't start until 11am but the best time to shop is in the evening when the temperature has dropped and the main shopping strips such as Orchard Road are still buzzing. Most shops don't close until 10pm.
- Tourists can claim a refund on the 7 per cent Goods and Services Tax on purchases above SGD$100 at the departure hall of Changi Airport within two months from the date of purchase


text:
Townsquare Media Victoria is an equal opportunity employer. Please click here to download our public EEO file. Townsquare Media Victoria EEO Public File Report
Townsquare Media does not discriminate in advertising sales based on race or ethnicity. Any provision in any order or agreement for advertising that purports to discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity, even if handwritten, typed or otherwise made a part of a particular contract, will be rejected.


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The 27-year-old Melancon made 41 appearances with the Red Sox in 2012 and went 0-2 with one save and a 6.20 ERA (45.0ip/31er). He also appeared in 21 games with Triple-A Pawtucket, where he posted 11 saves and a 0.83 ERA (21.2ip/2er) in 21 relief appearances. Melancon spent the entire 2011 season with the Houston Astros and went 8-4 with 20 saves and a 2.78 ERA in 71 appearances during his first full year in the Majors.
Melancon was selected by the Yankees in the ninth round of the 2006 First-Year Player Draft and made his big league debut with New York in 2009. In his four Major League seasons, Melancon has gone 10-7 with 21 saves and a 4.07 ERA (157.0ip/71er/139so) in 147 relief appearances.
"Mark Melancon has been a quality major league reliever with closing experience who displays key subjective and objective indicators as a candidate to bounce back from a challenging 2012 season," said Huntington. "Similar to when we acquired Joel Hanrahan, our scouts saw a quality pitch package that was not accurately reflected by his present level of performance. Mark will be a solid addition to our bullpen."
The right-handed hitting Sands, 25, spent a majority of the 2012 campaign in the Dodgers farm system with Triple- A Albuquerque and was selected to the Pacific Coast League post-season All-Star team after hitting .296 (134-for- 452) with 26 home runs and 107 RBI in 119 games. He also appeared in nine games with Los Angeles and went4-for-23 with an RBI. The Red Sox acquired Sands on October 4 to complete the Adrian Gonzalez deal from August.
Sands, who was Los Angeles' Minor League Player-of-the-Year in 2010 after hitting .301 with 35 home runs and 93 RBI in 137 games, made his Major League debut with the Dodgers in 2011 and hit .253 (50-for-198) with four homers and 26 RBI in 61 games. Also in 2011, he batted .278 with 29 home runs and 88 RBI in 94 games with Albuquerque. In 469 career minor league games, Sands has produced a .289 batting average, 119 home runs and 379 RBI.
"Jerry Sands has impressed our scouts with his well-rounded tools package, highlighted by his ability to command the strike zone as a hitter and drive the ball for extra base hit potential," said Huntington. "Additionally, his defensive versatility will increase his opportunity to contribute to our major league club in the near term as well as in the years to come."
Pimentel, 22, went 6-7 with a 4.59 ERA (115.2ip/59er) in 22 starts with Double-A Portland in 2012. The Dominican native was signed by the Red Sox on July 2, 2006, and has spent the last six seasons in the Boston farm system. Prior to the 2012 season, he was ranked by Baseball America as the No. 10 pitching prospect in the Red Sox organization. He was also a 2007 Dominican Summer League All-Star, a 2008 New York-Penn League All-Star and a 2010 MLB Futures Game All-Star.
"Stolmy Pimentel is a 22-year-old right-handed pitcher with a quality pitch package as well as several other traits of major league starting pitchers," said Huntington. "We believe we can help Stolmy reach his potential as a quality major league pitcher."
The 25-year-old DeJesus Jr. spent a majority of the 2012 season with Albuquerque, where he hit .295 in 60 games. He also batted .273 (9-for-33) in 23 games with the Dodgers before being acquired by Boston in the Gonzalez deal.
DeJesus Jr. hit .385 (10-for-26) in seven games with Triple-A Pawtucket and went hitless in eight at bats with Boston. DeJesus Jr., the son of former big league shortstop Ivan DeJesus, was selected by Los Angeles in the second round of the 2005 First-Year Player Draft and was the organization's minor league Player-of-the-Year in 2008. He has produced a .298 batting average in 729 career minor league games while playing primarily shortstop and second base.
"Ivan DeJesus is a versatile and reliable defender who can handle the bat and will compete to make our major league club in an extra infielder role," said Huntington.
Melancon, Sands and Pimentel have been added to Pittsburgh's 40-man roster. The Pirates will make a corresponding roster move later today.


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