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Dr. Bala Subramaniyam
Diagnostic Ultrasound
3D/4D Ultrasound
Diagnostic X- Ray
Bone Densitometry Procedure
Uterine Artery Embolization
Eye Ultrasound
Vascular Image
Interventional Neuroradiology
Simple Radiology
Interventional Diagnostic Procedures
Contrasted Radiology
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I am suffering from slip disc problem can you suggest some precaution it is in first stage and can you give tips for exercising .as of now I am taking bed rest since 2 weeks as suggested by rheumatologist dr.
One of the things that Shannen Doherty and Rita Wilson, the wife of Tom Hanks, have in common, apart from their fame is that both were affected by breast cancer. No matter how normal a person may seem, breast cancer can strike anyone. In fact, it usually strikes one in eight women. So, it makes good sense to know what it can appear as!
Breast cancer(स्तन कैंसर) makes up a rather big amount of the general cancer cases as 15% of the cancer cases which are reported on a yearly basis are usually breast cancer cases. That being said, there are quite a few things which can be done in order to reduce a person's risk to breast cancer.
Prevention is Prudent-
Get Fit: The first thing which should be done is that a reasonable level of fitness should be maintained. Many studies have found that if a person is significantly heavier than her recommended weight, she is at a far great risk to develop all sorts of cancer and breast cancer, in particular, than a person who is able to keep her weight in check. The difference in cancer risk rates is about 40%. This is because a greater amount of fat leads to more estrogen being produced, which increases the risk of breast cancer.
Quit Smoking: While most people associate smoking as something which increases the risk of cancer to the lungs and are not aware that it increases the risk of breast cancer, too. So, the best solution is to kick the habit!
Get Off the Pill: Once a woman crosses past her mid-thirties, she should try to avoid relying on birth control pills to reduce the risk of pregnancy. This is because these pills have an effect which increases the risk of breast cancer, which heightens as a woman gets older. As long as the woman cuts out the use of the pill, the risk quickly gets cut, as well.
Get Regular Check Ups: While screening for breast cancer by making use of mammograms does not cut the risk of it, the screening helps detect breast cancer early if it does exist. As a result, a woman has a much better chance of fighting breast cancer. So, a woman who is past the age of forty should try to have a mammogram on an annual basis with the frequency of the same increasing as she gets older. However, it is to be kept in mind that going for a mammogram too often is also not a good idea as the tests themselves pose risks of DNA changes.
Women all around the world are susceptible to breast cancer. While there isn't a 100% chance of avoiding it, taking care of yourself and leading a fit and active lifestyle can significantly cut down your risk of contracting this condition. Remember, your health is in your hands, so the earlier you start, the better! If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a gynaecologist.
I have a slip disc problem month ago. Now the pain has gone ,but there some stretch in my leg and I also feel less strength like I have before the episode .so now I planning to go for a gym for aerobic exercise and cycling because I feel to loss my wait. Therefore please answer that I can go for gym, swimming,or cycling or not?
My mother is suffering from DVT since one week. And is in the hospital by taking medicine. Doctor suggested to do surgery tomorrow. Please suggest what is correct to do?
I have cervical small disc bulge and disc protrusion inserting thecal sac. Is there any permanent cure in ayurveda?
The uterus or womb, is a muscular structure and is held in place by ligaments and pelvic muscles. If these muscles or tendons become weak, they cause prolapse and are no longer able to hold the uterus in its place.
Uterine prolapse happens when the uterus falls or slips from its ordinary position and into the vagina or birth waterway. It could be complete prolapse or even incomplete at times. A fragmented prolapse happens when the uterus is just hanging into the vagina. A complete prolapse depicts a circumstance in which the uterus falls so far down that some tissue rests outside of the vagina. Likewise, as a lady ages and with a loss of the hormone estrogen, her uterus can drop into the vaginal canal. This condition is known as a prolapsed uterus.
Risks: The risks of this condition are many and have been enumerated as follows:
- Complicated delivery during pregnancy
- Weak pelvic muscle
- Loss of tissue after menopause and loss of common estrogen
- Expanded weight in the stomach area, for example, endless cough, constipation, pelvic tumors or accumulation of liquid in the guts
- Being overweight
- Obesity causing extra strain on the muscles
- Real surgery in the pelvic zone
- Smoking
Symptoms: Some of the most common symptoms of prolapse involve:
- Feeling of sitting on a ball
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Increase in discharge
- Problems while performing sexual intercourse
- Seeing the uterus coming out of the vagina
- A pulling or full feeling in the pelvis
- Constipation
- Bladder infections
Nonsurgical medications include:
- Losing weight and getting in shape to take stress off of pelvic structures
- Maintaining a distance from truly difficult work
- Doing Kegel workouts, which are pelvic floor practices that strengthen the vaginal muscles. This can be done at any time, even while sitting down at a desk.
- Taking estrogen treatment especially during menopause
- Wearing a pessary, which is a gadget embedded into the vagina that fits under the cervix and pushes up to settle the uterus and cervix
- Indulging in normal physical activity
Some specialists use the following methods to diagnose the problem:
- The specialist will examine you in standing position keeping in mind you are resting and request that you to cough or strain to build the weight in your abdomen.
- Particular conditions, for example, ureteral block because of complete prolapse, may require an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) or renal sonography. Color is infused into your vein, and an X-ray is used to view the flow of color through your urinary bladder.
- An ultrasound might be utilised to rule out any other existing pelvic issues. In this test, a wand is used on your stomach area or embedded into your vagina to create images of the internal organ with sound waves. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Gynaecologist.
The uterus is a muscular structure held in place inside your pelvis with the help of muscles, ligaments, and tissues. These muscles weaken in women due to pregnancy, childbirth or delivery complications and can lead to severe complications. One such complication is a uterine prolapse. Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus sags or slips from its normal position into the vaginal canal.
The causes of uterine prolapse are varied and include:
- Delivering a large baby
- Pregnancy
- Difficulty in labor and delivery
- Reduction in estrogen levels post menopause
- Traumatic childbirth
- Loss or weakening of the pelvic muscle
- Conditions which lead to increased pressure in the abdominal area such as a chronic cough, straining, pelvic tumors or accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
- Loss of external support due to major surgery in pelvic area
Uterine prolapse can be complete or incomplete depending on how far the uterus sags into the vagina. Women who have minor uterine prolapse may not have any visible symptoms. However, if the condition worsens, it manifests itself in visible signs.
Symptoms of moderate or severe prolapse are:
1. A feeling of fullness or pressure in your pelvis when you sit
2. Seeing the uterus or cervix coming out of the vagina
3. Vaginal bleeding or increased discharge
4. Painful sexual intercourse
5. Recurrent bladder infections
6. Continuing back pain with difficulty in walking, urinating and moving your bowels
Without proper attention, the condition can cause impairments in the bowel, and can also affect bladder and sexual function. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Gynaecologist.
Are you experiencing excessive uterine bleeding? Excessive uterine bleeding may occur between a woman's periods or before the periods, after having sex, or due to the development of spotting or bleeding after attaining menopause. Any menstrual cycle, which lasts longer than 21–35 days is called excessive, and this is an abnormal form of uterine bleeding.
Causes of Excessive Uterine Bleeding:
The various causes of excessive uterine bleeding are as follows:
One of the main causes is hormonal imbalance, as the balance between estrogen and progesterone gets disrupted. This balance is required for the regulation and development of the lining of endometrium or uterus lining. Because of the hormonal imbalance, the endometrium develops excessively causing heavy bleeding.
Uterine fibroids, which are non cancerous tumours, may lead to prolonged and excessive uterine bleeding.
Polyps are small benign developments on the uterus lining which cause heavy bleeding. They occur because of high levels of hormones.
Adenomyosis is a condition which develops when the endometrium glands get embedded in the uterine muscle, leading to excessive uterine bleeding.
Using intrauterine devices or IUDs may cause side effects as well.
Several pregnancy complications may also lead to excess bleeding. Ectopic pregnancy is a common cause.
Several uterine cancers, ovarian cancers and cervical conditions may be responsible as well. Inherited bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand's disease is another likely cause.
Several medicines and drugs, including NSAIDs and anticoagulants are a common cause.
Medical conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, liver and kidney disease or thyroid problems can also cause excessive uterine bleeding.
There are different ways of treating excessive uterine bleeding, depending upon the cause of bleeding and the patient's age.
Medications: Several medicines are used for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. Hormonal medicines and birth control pills are used to improve the regularity of periods. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are also used to manage excessive uterine bleeding. Several antibiotics are also used.
Surgery: In many cases, a woman has to undergo a surgery for the removal of polyps and fibroids, which cause excessive bleeding. Certain fibroids are removed via hysteroscopy and other techniques for treatment are used as well. Endometrial ablation can be carried out to manage the bleeding. This treatment aims at permanent reduction of the excess bleeding. Hysterectomy has to be carried out when other treatments are unsuccessful. This is a serious surgery and after it, a woman will no longer have periods, and she will not be able to conceive a child.
In case of excessive uterine bleeding, you must consult a doctor as soon as possible. This will enable early treatment and prevent the development of further complications.
जिगर शरीर में सबसे बड़ा ग्रंथियों वाला अंग है और शरीर को विषाक्त पदार्थों और हानिकारक पदार्थों से मुक्त रखने के लिए विभिन्न महत्वपूर्ण कार्य करता है। पेट के दाहिने ऊपरी चतुर्भुज मंर स्थित है, पसलियों के ठीक नीचे। लिवर पित्त के उत्पादन के लिए जिम्मेदार है, जो एक पदार्थ है जो आपको वसा, विटामिन, और अन्य पोषक तत्वों को पचाने में मदद करता है। यह ग्लूकोज जैसे पोषक तत्वों को भी स्टोर करता है और दवाओं और विषाक्त पदार्थों को तोड़ता है।
लिवर कैंसर, जिसे हेपेटिक कैंसर भी कहा जाता है, एक कैंसर होता है जो लिवर में शुरू होता है। जब कैंसर लिवर में विकसित होता है, तो यह लिवर कोशिकाओं को नष्ट कर देता है और सामान्य रूप से कार्य करने के लिए लिवर की क्षमता में दखल देता है। लिवर कैंसर के दो प्रकार होते हैं। प्राथमिक लिवर कैंसर, जो लिवर की कोशिकाओं में शुरू होता है। जबकि, कैंसर जो कि कहीं और से शुरू होता है और अंततः जिगर तक पहुंच जाता है, उन्हें जिगर मेटास्टेसिस या द्वितीयक लिवर कैंसर कहा जाता है।
प्राथमिक लिवर कैंसर के विभिन्न प्रकार
विभिन्न प्रकार के प्राथमिक लिवर कैंसर लिवर के विभिन्न कोशिकाओं से उत्पन्न होते हैं। प्राथमिक लिवर कैंसर लिवर में एक गांठ के रूप में, या एक ही समय में लिवर के भीतर कई स्थानों में शुरू हो सकता है।
1. हेपैटोसेलुलर हेपैटोसेलुलर:
हेपेटोसेल्यूलर कार्सिनोमा (एच.सी.सी), जिसे हेपेटामा भी कहा जाता है, सबसे सामान्य प्रकार का लिवर कैंसर है। एचसीसी मुख्य प्रकार के लिवर कोशिकाओं में शुरू होता है, जिसे हेपोटोसेल्यूलर कोशिका कहा जाता है। एचसीसी के अधिकांश मामले हेपेटाइटिस बी या सी, या शराब के कारण जिगर के सिरोसिस के संक्रमण का नतीजा है।
2. फाइब्रोलैमेलर एचसीसी:
फाइब्रोलामेरेलर एचसीसी एक रेअर प्रकार का एचसीसी है, जो आम तौर पर अन्य प्रकार के लिवर कैंसर की तुलना में उपचार के लिए अधिक संवेदनशील होता है।
3. कोलेंजियोकार्सिनोमा:
कोलेंजियोकार्सिनोमा, जिसे आमतौर पर पित्त नली के कैंसर के रूप में जाना जाता है, लिवर में छोटे, ट्यूब जैसे पित्त नलिकाओं में विकसित होता है। पाचन में मदद करने के लिए, ये नलिकाएं पित्ताशय में पित्त को ले जाने के लिए जिम्मेदार हैं। जब कैंसर लिवर के अंदर नलिकाएं के खंड में शुरू होता है, तो इसे इंट्राहेपेटिक पित्त नलिका कैंसर कहा जाता है। यद्यपि, जब लिवर के बाहर नलिकाओं के अनुभाग में कैंसर शुरू होता है, तो एक्स्ट्राहेपाटिक पित्त वाहिका कैंसर कहलाता है।
4. एंजियोसारकोमा:
एंजियोनेसकोमा लिवर कैंसर का एक रेअर प्रकार है जो लिवर के रक्त वाहिकाओं से शुरू होता है। इस प्रकार का कैंसर बहुत तेज़ी से प्रगति करता है, इसलिए यह आमतौर पर एक और अधिक उन्नत चरण में डिटेक्ट किया जाता है।
5. हेपेटोब्लास्टोमा:
हेपोटोब्लास्टोमा एक अत्यंत असामान्य प्रकार का लिवर कैंसर है।
लिवर कैंसर के लक्षण
ज्यादातर लोगों के प्राथमिक जिगर कैंसर के शुरुआती चरणों में लक्षण नहीं होते। जिसके परिणामस्वरूप, लिवर कैंसर बहुत देर से डिटेक्ट किया जाता है। लिवर कैंसर के लक्षणों में शामिल हैं:
- पीलिया
- भूख में कमी
- वजन घटना
- एबडोमीनल पेन
- बुखार
- मतली और उल्टी
- सामान्य खुजली
- हेपटेमेगाली (बढ़े हुए जिगर)
- बढ़े हुए स्प्लीन
चूंकि लिवर कैंसर के लिए कोई व्यापक रूप से अनुशंसित नियमित स्क्रीनिंग टेस्ट नहीं हैं, इसलिये बीमारी के परिवार के या अन्य जोखिम कारकों के इतिहास वाले लोगों को उनके डॉक्टर से बात करनी चाहिए ताकि वे अपने जोखिम को मॉनिटर करने या कम करने के लिए सही कदम उठा सकें।
लिवर कैंसर के जोखिम कारक
प्राथमिक लिवर कैंसर के खतरे को बढ़ाने वाले कारकों में शामिल हैं:
- मधुमेह
- अफ्लाटॉक्सिन
- उपचय स्टेरॉयड्स
- आर्सेनिक
- धूम्रपान
- सिरोसिस
- कम प्रतिरक्षा और मोटापा
The thought of going under the knife to treat your spine problem may give rise to a range of emotions; make you ponder over a number of things such as the recovery period, procedure and techniques involved and so on. Nonetheless, before opting for the surgery, there are certain points that you should go over and these are:
- Be well aware of the cause of your pain - Identifying the cause that is behind your pain is vital in order to decide whether the surgery is going to prove beneficial in the long run or not. If the cause is not identified as the right one, the surgery may prove futile and you may not get the pain relief that you're looking for.
- Gather detailed information about your spine surgeon - Before visiting the spine surgeon, you should collect detailed information about the specialist so as to be able to come up with appropriate questions concerning the surgery. From questions concerning about the surgeon's success and complication rates, numbers of surgeries performed to qualifications of the surgeon, these and much more should be part of your evaluation process.
- Prepare yourself before a consultation - It's good to prepare yourself before a medical consultation. Whether it's researching about the surgery and your condition or being well aware of your family's medical history, or details about the pain that you experience, or your expectations from the surgery, every aspect should be covered so that you derive the maximum benefit from your meeting.
- Carry out your own research - Carrying out your own research on the alternatives before opting for the surgery can put you on a better footing. It's imperative to compare the opinion put forward by the surgeon from genuine sources so that you're better able to understand the merits and demerits of the treatment. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult an Orthopedist.
The uterus is a muscular structure held in place inside your pelvis with the help of muscles, ligaments, and tissues. These muscles weaken in women due to pregnancy, childbirth or delivery complications and can lead to severe complications. One such complication is a uterine prolapse. Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus sags or slips from its normal position into the vaginal canal.
The causes of uterine prolapse are varied and include:
- Delivering a large baby
- Pregnancy
- Difficulty in labor and delivery
- Reduction in estrogen levels post menopause
- Traumatic childbirth
- Loss or weakening of the pelvic muscle
- Conditions which lead to increased pressure in the abdominal area such as a chronic cough, straining, pelvic tumors or accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
- Loss of external support due to major surgery in pelvic area
Uterine prolapse can be complete or incomplete depending on how far the uterus sags into the vagina. Women who have minor uterine prolapse may not have any visible symptoms. However, if the condition worsens, it manifests itself in visible signs.
Symptoms of moderate or severe prolapse are:
1. A feeling of fullness or pressure in your pelvis when you sit
2. Seeing the uterus or cervix coming out of the vagina
3. Vaginal bleeding or increased discharge
4. Painful sexual intercourse
5. Recurrent bladder infections
6. Continuing back pain with difficulty in walking, urinating and moving your bowels
Without proper attention, the condition can cause impairments in the bowel, and can also affect bladder and sexual function. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a gynaecologist.
A surgical procedure, in which a woman's uterus is removed is referred to as a hysterectomy. The need for this operation can arise due to various reasons, which include:
- Development of uterine fibroids that are painful and accompanied by bleeding and other associated symptoms
- Uterine prolapse, which is characterised by a shifting of the position of the uterus, wherein it enters the vaginal canal
- Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer or endometrial cancer
- Vaginal bleeding that cannot be characterised as normal
- Endometriosis
- Development of a condition, in which the uterus thickens and is known as adenomyosis
- Chronic pain in the pelvic region
In Ayurveda, the uterus is associated with the Pitta dosha (fire element), and is considered to be a storehouse of metabolic fire. In fact, this is the reason why after a hysterectomy is performed, a woman generally loses the zest for life along with her creativity and feels demotivated, depressed, sentimental or lethargic. But Ayurveda can help in regaining your vitality post hysterectomy. Here's how:
The role of Ayurveda in hysterectomy:
In Ayurveda, the greatest healer of hysterectomy is the herb Shatavari (asparagus racemosus). This herb is known to balance out the Pitta Dosha, which is associated with the uterus. Not only that, this herb, whose name roughly means "a woman who has a 100 husbands," is extremely vital in reducing stress and in increasing Ojas (or vitality). It also helps in building stamina and increasing strength post surgery, while helping in maintaining a normal hormonal balance. A woman will also experience an increase in her Sattva (or positivity) with the help of this herb.
However, just after surgery, a woman is advised to have arjuna and turmeric as they are enriched with healing properties. A combination of other herbs along with Shatavari can help in calming the mind and keep fluctuating emotions in check. These other herbs include saffron, aloe vera, calamus, gotu kola, bhringraj, and brahmi rasayana or jatamansi.
Brain injury can happen as a result of trauma, infection or degeneration with old age. Whatever be the reason, injury on the head can result into brain dysfunction and should be given required medical diagnosis. In these cases, occupational therapy can be a major help.
It helps in improving health, providing rehabilitation and educational service to enable people to participate in things they are interested in and manage their daily activities. Occupational therapy can be used to manage issues relating to memory, organization and attention span, behavior and emotion control, safety issues and issues which contribute to society. Depending on expectations, different therapies can be sought. Read on to know a little more about how occupational therapy can help adults with brain injury.
- The person's skills and what they want to do are to be assessed and accordingly a daily plan that can be easily followed is made. Where possible, use technology like smart phone or voice recorder to manage this plan. The therapist can train the person to use these tools, review progress and make changes as necessary.
- The therapist will also teach ways to do things on their own like cooking and small shopping, so they become independent and are therefore less frustrated.
- Patients in need of anger management, the therapist will help them to identify what induces anger or frustration and support in managing those before it turns into actual anger. This will help the person relax and be more positive.
- This could also be done using small roleplays, wherein they are taught ways to respond and be more relaxed and calm.
- If you are keen on participating in social events or volunteering opportunities, then the therapist can recommend options for you based on your areas of interest. The therapist can also work with the identified organization (school, NGO, or workplace) to inform them of the kind of support required by you. Work behavior and social behavior can be taught to help the affected person succeed.
- If the affected person happens to be alone, then they need to be assessed for ability to judge (e.g., self-awareness, impulsivity, and reliability), even while doing daily activities like bathing and dressing. Driving is permissible only if cleared for it by the therapist.
- The home needs to be assessed for safety. You may have to make some safety modifications, for instance replace power tools with hand tools. Else, shared housing options, where independence and having someone close by is possible, should be evaluated.
So, with a brain injury, not all is lost. Occupational Therapy can definitely help restore function to a large extent, so use it to reap maximum benefits. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can ask a free question.
If you are concerned about liver cancer, you should know that most people do not experience signs and symptoms of the cancer in the early stages. Liver cancer is a form of cancer which occurs in the cells of the liver. There are various types of cancer which can develop in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer which begins in the hepatocyte, which is the main liver cell.
Usually there are no specific primary stage symptoms of liver cancer. Some symptoms which may develop include the following:
Unusual weight loss is observed
Loss of appetite and developing food aversion
Pain in the upper abdomen
Nausea followed by vomiting
General weakness with intense fatigue
Swelling in the abdomen
The skin may become yellow
White and chalky stools are likely
In most cases, the causes of liver cancer cannot be clearly determined. In some cases, the cause is known, such as chronic infection with the hepatitis virus, which may lead to liver cancer. Liver cancer occurs when the liver cells undergo changes or mutations in their DNA structure. DNA mutations lead to changes in instructions of chemical processes taking place in the body. The cells may grow out of control and develop into a cancerous tumour.
Risk Factors-
There are several factors which enhance the risk of liver cancer. They are as follows:
Chronic infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C increases the risk of liver cancer.
A progressive and irreversible condition known as cirrhosis leads to scar tissue formation in the liver, increasing the risk of liver cancer.
Certain inherited liver diseases such as Wilson's disease and hemochromatosis also increase the chances of liver cancer.
People with diabetes are also at a greater risk of having liver cancer.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the accumulation of fat in the liver, also increases the chances of getting this condition.
Excessive alcohol consumption is another factor which causes irreversible damage to the liver and the chances of getting liver cancer get boosted.
Exposure to aflatoxins, which are poisons produced by molds growing on poorly stored crops, make you more likely to get liver cancer.
Several tests and procedures are carried out for the diagnosis of liver cancer. These include blood tests for diagnosing liver function problems, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan and MRI scan.
Medical science constantly challenges the boundaries by finding not only the cures to the most dangerous diseases, but finds a way to prevent them even before they occur. With years of research, practice and data available for analysis, scientists are using advanced technology in combination with years of research to create a predicting mechanism for often fatal diseases like cancer.
Breast cancer screening has always been done with mammography. The fact is that this method is only 75% accurate, laden with false positives and misses a whole set of women totally- and that too when cancer has already developed. Part of the problem comes from the dense breast tissue which one in three women have. This tissue masks the lumps, which makes it difficult for mammograms to accurately screen cancer.
Some breakthrough scientific methods are changing this by drawing on years of research to predict this deadly disease, years before it can manifest itself.
A genetic test to predict cancer 10-11 years ahead of time. This test was performed to see how environmental factors could influence cancer, along with habits like smoking, abusing alcohol or hormones, genetic changes that occur and are put a large percentage of the women at a high risk of developing this disease.
A simple blood test is used for the genetic analysis of hereditary cancer. Researchers found a biological marker, methylation of the ATM gene, which has a very high ability to predict the risk of developing cancer, several years before diagnosis. 'Methylation' concluded that when one biological indicator is exposed to carcinogenic substances, or other abusive substances like tobacco and alcohol, it may trigger the development of cancer. On the flip side, this test will take time to reach the commercial market and even then cannot give an exact timeline as to when someone may develop the disease.
A simple blood test to predict breast cancer 5 years before it develops. This is the kind of medical miracle the world is looking for. Last year in April, researches in Denmark identified a simple blood test that can predict breast cancer five years before it actually develops with an accuracy of a whopping 80%.
It works by "measuring all of the compounds in the blood to build a 'metabolic profile' of an individual, in order to detect changes in the way chemicals are processed, during a pre-cancerous stage," says Laura Donnelly, health editor at The Telegraph, which covered this development. Danish researchers observed 57,000 participants over 20 years, gathering blood samples along the way, specifically comparing a set of 800 women who remained healthy or developed breast cancer within 7 years of their first blood sample. The researchers found they were able to predict, with 80 percent accuracy, which patients would be affected by the disease, just by looking at the metabolic profiles they built from the participants' blood samples. The results have been published in Metabolomics. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Gynaecologist.
Breast cancer is a type of a cancerous infection that develops in the skin cells of the breast. This condition is more commonly diagnosed after you have skin cancer and is more common in women than men. There are certain signs to identify this disease, which are as follows.
1. Breast lumps - Lumps are patches of skin that occur due to the thickening and swelling of the skin. Breast lumps is a very common phenomenon for women but that does not always lead to a breast cancer; however, frequent and reoccurring instances of the same increases the risk of breast cancer. A breast lump is easily identifiable through the naked eye as it looks different from the surrounding tissues.
2. Blood discharge - The nipple is one of the most sensitive areas in the human body. In case of women, it is meant to emit milk during pregnancy, in order to feed the infant externally. A probable symptom of breast cancer can also be a frequent discharge of blood from the nipple without any visible damage or injury.
3. Breast changes - If you are experiencing any visible changes in the size, appearance or shape of the breast, then it is an indicative sign that you may have breast cancer. Thus, it is of paramount importance that you observe, touch and physically examine your breast regularly for changes. If there is any major change detected then it is advisable to consult a doctor.
4. Inverted nipple - The tip of the nipple is generally bulging and pointing outwards both in cases of men and women. But sometimes the tip of the nipple is pushed inside due to excessive suction caused by the skin tissues present inside the breast around the nipple area. This suction forces the nipple to grow inwards which is abnormal and might harm the breast and skin in various ways.
However, apart from these main symptoms, some other signs are also there that increase your chances of being diagnosed with breast cancer. They are redness or pitting of the skin over your breast like an orange, peeling or scaling of the pigmented area around the nipple, dimpling of the skin on the breasts, and such others. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult a Gynaecologist.
स्तन वसा, संयोजी ऊतक, और लोब में विभाजित ग्रंथि ऊतक से बना होता है। स्तन कैंसर तब शुरू होता है जब स्तन में कोशिकाएं नियंत्रण से बाहर निकलने लगती हैं। नलिकाएं का एक नेटवर्क लोब से निपल तक फैलता है। एक स्तन आमतौर पर दूसरे से छोटा होता है। महीने में अलग-अलग समय पर आपके स्तन अलग-अलग महसूस कर सकते हैं स्तनों के लिए आपकी अवधि के ठीक पहले लंपट महसूस करना आम बात है। आपके स्तन महीने में अलग-अलग समय पर अलग-अलग महसूस हो सकते हैं। स्तनों का आपकी अवधि के ठीक पहले लंपट महसूस होना आम बात है।
स्तन कैंसर सामान्यतः कोशिकाओं जो स्तन के नलिकाएं होती हैं, में शुरू होता है। स्तन कैंसर तब शुरू होता है जब स्तन में कोशिकाएं नियंत्रण से बाहर बढ़ने लगती हैं। कोशिकाओं का यह उत्परिवर्तन एक ट्यूमर को जन्म देता है, जिसे एक गांठ के रूप में महसूस किया जा सकता है। अगर अनुपचारित छोड़ दिया जाता है, तो घातक कोशिका अंततः शरीर के अन्य भागों में फैल सकती हैं, एक प्रक्रिया जिसे मेटास्टैसिस कहा जाता है।
स्तन कैंसर के लक्षण
स्तन में एक गांठ आमतौर पर स्तन कैंसर से जुड़ा है, लेकिन अधिकतर समय, स्तन में गांठ कैंसर नहीं होता। किशोरावस्था में हार्मोनल परिवर्तन से लेकर क्षतिग्रस्त वसा ऊतक तक, महिलाओं में शुरुआती 20 से लेकर शुरुआती 50 की उम्र तक सभी स्तन गांठों में से 90 प्रतिशत से ज्यादा गैर-कर्कश (सौम्य) हैं।
स्तम्भों में लंप्स स्तन संक्रमण, फाइब्रोकाइसटिक स्तन रोग (ढेलेदार स्तन), फाइब्रोएडीनोमा (गैर-कन्सेसर ट्यूमर), वसा-परिगलन (क्षतिग्रस्त ऊतक) जैसे कई अन्य कारणों के कारण हो सकते हैं।
यद्यपि अधिकांश स्तन गांठ कम गंभीर स्थितियों के कारण होते हैं, नए, पीड़ारहित गांठें फिर भी स्तन कैंसर का सबसे आम लक्षण हैं। एक महिला अपने स्तन में बदलाव देख सकती है, और मामूली असामान्य दर्द जो दूर जाता प्रतीत नहीं होता। इन परिवर्तनों के लिए देखें:
1. स्तन या निपल का अलग महसूस होना:
- निपल कोमलता, या स्तन या अंडरआर्म क्षेत्र में या उसके पास एक गांठ या मोटा होना।
- त्वचा की बनावट में परिवर्तन या स्तन की त्वचा में छिद्रों का इज़ाफ़ा
- स्तन में एक गांठ
2. दिखने में बदलाव:
- स्तन के माप या आकार में कोई भी अस्पष्टीकृत परिवर्तन
- स्तन पर कहीं भी गढ़ा
- स्तन की अस्पष्ट सूजन (खासकर अगर यह केवल एक तरफ है)
- स्तन का अस्पष्ट संकुचन (खासकर अगर यह केवल एक तरफ है)
- निप्पल जो थोड़ा सा आवक हो जाता है, या उलटा हो गया है
3. निपल निर्वहन:
किसी भी प्रकार के निप्पल निर्वहन, विशेष रूप से साफ़ निर्वहन या खूनी निर्वहन स्तन कैंसर का संकेत हो सकता है। एक दूधिया निर्वहन जब महिला स्तनपान नहीं कर रही है, हालांकि स्तन कैंसर से जुड़ा नहीं है, लेकिन एक डॉक्टर द्वारा जांच कराया जाना चाहिए।
इन लक्षणों में से एक या अधिक होने का मतलब यह नहीं है कि आपको स्तन कैंसर है। यदि आप इन संकेत और लक्षणों में से किसी का अनुभव करते हैं, तो एक पूर्ण मूल्यांकन के लिए अपने चिकित्सक को देखें।
Breast cancer begins when cells in the breast(s) start to grow out of control. It is understood as being the most common cancer, seen predominantly in females, globally. It is reasonably treatable and often curable.
1. Type: Adenocarcinomas constitute more than 95% of breast cancers with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) being the most common form of invasive breast cancer.
Frequently occurring breast cancers present as one of the following types mainly
1. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer and is confined to the milk ducts of the breast. There is no invasion in the basement membrane. Pure DCIS metastasizes rarely. Non comedo cribrioform carcinoma is the most common DCIS found which, when compared to the comedo type, is mostly non-aggressive.
2. Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): Represents majority (about 3/4th) of the breast cancers, and is known to metastasize commonly to bones, lungs and liver.
3. Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS): Develops in multiple lobules of the breast (bilaterally). LCIS is less commonly seen, compared to DCIS.
4. Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Represent about a tenth of all breast cancers and tends to metastasize to other regions of the body.
Less commonly occurring breast cancers such as
5. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Is relatively uncommon and are caused probably owing to viral infections. The breast is warm, red and swollen.
6. Paget's disease of the nipple: Is a rare form of breast cancer. It begins in the milk ducts and spreads to the nipple and areola.
7. Medullary Carcinoma
8. Mutinous Carcinoma
9. Tubular Carcinoma
10. Phylloides tumor etc all.
2. Gender: Affects the female populace predominantly. However, a small percentage of breast cancer is attributable to the male populace as well.
3. Etiology: No definite cause is known. However, diet, lifestyle, environment, hormonal/ reproductive factors, personal or family history of breast cancer especially in first degree relatives and also any benign breast disease history etc all are known to increase the risk of breast cancers. Specifically, excessive fatty diet, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, benign breast disease, heredity/ inheritance of mutated breast cancer genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2), smoking, alcohol intake, infertility, estrogen therapy/ hormone replacement therapy (long term) in post menopausal women, delayed age at first pregnancy, nulliparity (not having child), early menstruation, delayed onset of menopause, lactating mothers not breast feeding, exposure to ionizing radiation, sedentary lifestyle, depression, exposure to MMTV virus etc all can potentially increase the risk for breast cancer.
4. Features: Signs & symptoms, of breast cancer, manifest majorly in the following ways
Lump/ nodule in the breast that gets attached to the skin of the breast over time. The lump / nodule could be hard and painless with irregular edges or it could also be soft, rounded, tender and painful.
Enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla which are palpable.
Swelling of whole or a part of a breast. This is even if there is no distinct lump felt.
Retraction or thickening of the nipple(s).
Pain in the breast or nipple.
Discharge from nipple other than breast milk.
Irritation/ scaliness of skin over the breast.
Redness of nipples
Rarely, red, swollen and tender breast.
5. Screening: Is generally recommended for asymptomatic populations goal of which, as usual, is to be able to detect & diagnose breast cancer at an early stage which is potentially curable. It is mostly radiologic with mammography/ USG being instrumental in raising suspicions for further diagnostics (i.e. biopsy) that help detect breast cancer, if any, early.
6. Diagnosis: A self-examination/ clinical exam of the breast(s)/ axilla that reveals a palpable mass prompts the following diagnostics. Abnormal blood test results may be indicative of malignancy, but a follow up imaging/ biopsy is always the gold standard for accurate diagnosis.
- Blood: ER/ PR/ HER2/neu, uPA, PAI-1, CA15-3, CA27.29 etc all tumor markers are helpful.
- Imaging: Mammography/ USG Scan usually, as relevant. Again, CT Scan of abdomen & pelvis and chest, PET CT scan, bone scan etc all help detect metastasis, if any, for cancers in stage III & above.
- Biopsy: either excisional, incisional, fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core biopsy technique, as contextually appropriate, is frequently employed and a histopathological examination (HPE) thereof clinches the diagnosis and the nature of the disease.
7. Treatment: Conventional treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy/ chemotherapy as deems appropriate. Simultaneously, an adjunctive or integrative naturopathic treatment with suitable complementary & alternative medicines (CAM) too can help improve clinical outcomes and facilitate recovery as would be feasible contextually.
8. Prognosis: Preventive measures, earlier diagnosis and right early treatment is key for an effective therapeutic management & better prognosis. Like most other cancers, the chances of cure for an early stage breast cancer are more. The cure/ recovery chances are influenced by the type, grade, stage of cancer, recurrence and the patient's general health & vitality etc all. Above-mentioned apart, age, menopause status, lymph node status, ER/ PR/ HER-2/ neu status, size & extent of breast cancer etc all also influence the treatment outlook in breast cancer. The five year survival rate is strongly correlated with the stage of breast cancer.
9. Prevention: Rightly said, prevention is always a better choice. Although genetic risks are difficult to modify, still an increased focus on protective factors and avoidance of the risk factors can be of help. An adherence to a Mediterranean diet, maintaining an ideal body weight and an active lifestyle with due emphasis on regular exercising (for at least 30 minutes daily), de-stressing and relaxation is highly recommended for reducing the risks of breast cancer. A healthy eating plate comprises essentially a low fat diet, fibre rich foods including whole grain cereals, green leafy vegetables cooked using healthy vegetable oils, fresh fruits of all colours as seasonally available and healthy proteins/ fats including fresh fish, poultry, beans, nuts etc all. It is advisable to limit milk/ dairy, preferably of low fat content, to 1 to 2 servings max daily. Although alcohol is optional and is not for everyone, the consumption of the same, if any, has to be strictly in moderation, and is best avoided. Smoking is to be avoided as well. Again, red meat, butter, refined grains, sweets, sugary drinks including carbonated beverages and other high calorie foods etc all, if any, are to be taken sparingly or are best avoided too. Limiting dosage/ duration of hormone therapy, if any, especially to counteract post menopausal symptoms and also avoiding exposure to radiation and environmental pollution can help reduce the risks of breast cancer. Apart from the above-mentioned, for high risk cases, a prophylactic oophorectomy, prophylactic radical mastectomy, long term hormone therapy etc all can help reduce the chances/ risks of developing breast cancer significantly. Breastfeeding is known to confer protection against breast cancer risk too.


text:
Note : Your Quotation Request will be directed to UIY Technology.
The UIYCC4848A330T350SM from UIY Technology is a RF & Microwave Circulator with Frequency 330 to 350 MHz, Bandwidth 0.3, Average Power 100 W, Average Power Forward 100 W, Average Power Reverse 100 W. Tags: Coaxial Circulator. More details for UIYCC4848A330T350SM can be seen below.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Study links physical punishment to later mental disorders
Children who are spanked, hit, or pushed as a means of discipline may be at an increased risk of mental problems in adulthood — from mood and anxiety disorders to drug and alcohol abuse, new research suggests.
Although it is well established that physical and sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and other severe forms of maltreatment in childhood are associated with mental illness, this is one of the first studies to show a link between non-abusive physical punishment and several different types of mental disorders, says epidemiologist Tracie Afifi, lead author of the study in today's Pediatrics.
"There is a significant link between the two," says Afifi, an assistant professor of epidemiology in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the University of Manitoba, Canada. "Individuals who are physically punished have an increased likelihood of having mental health disorders." Approximately 2% to 7% of mental disorders in the study were linked to physical punishment, she says.
The study's findings add evidence to the argument that "physical punishment should not be used on any child, at any age," she says.
Parents' right to use physical punishment has been abolished in more than 30 nations, but not in the USA or Canada, says the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment, endorsed by the United Nations and others.
For the study, Afifi and colleagues analyzed data from a government survey of 35,000 non-institutionalized adults in the USA, collected between 2004 and 2005.
Countries that have banned spanking
More than 30 countries, have laws that prohibit corporal punishment in all settings, including the home. A sampling and the year the legislation was approved:
Sweden: 1979
Norway: 1987
Austria: 1989
Israel: 2000
Germany: 2000
Spain: 2007
Netherlands: 2007
New Zealand: 2007
Kenya: 2010
South Sudan: 2011
Source: endcorporalpunishment.org
About 1,300 of the respondents, all over age 20, were considered to have experienced physical punishment as children. They reported that they had, sometimes or more often, been "pushed, grabbed, shoved, slapped or hit by your parents or any adult living in your house."
But some family researchers argue that spanking, used properly, can be appropriate discipline.
"Certainly, overly severe physical punishment is going to have adverse effects on children," says psychologist Robert Larzelere, of Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. "But for younger kids, if spanking is used in the most appropriate way and the child perceives it as being motivated by concern for their behavior and welfare, then I don't think it has a detrimental effect."
A 2005 scientific review he co-authored, of studies comparing spanking with non-physical discipline methods, identified an "optimal type of physical discipline," referred to as conditional spanking, and said that when it was used as a backup to nonphysical discipline it was better at reducing noncompliance and antisocial behavior.
While the new study rules out the most severe cases of physically lashing out at children, , "it does nothing to move beyond correlations to figure out what is actually causing the mental health problems," says Larzelere. He criticized the study's reliance on memories of events from years earlier, and says it's not clear when punishment occurred. "The motivation that the child perceives and when and how and why the parent uses (spanking) makes a big difference. All of that is more important than whether it was used or not."
Afifi acknowledges that it's difficult to change people's mind on this topic, but says "we're confident of the reliability of our data, and the data strongly indicate that physical punishment should not be used on children — at any age. And it's important for parents to be aware of that."
Posted | Updated


text:
Phoenix have career best showing on Billboard 200
Listen to Phoenix on iHeartRadio
It seems Phoenix entertained plenty of people with their new album last week. "Billboard" and Nielsen SoundScan say the French indie rockers' fifth studio effort, Bankrupt!, sold 50-thousand copies in its debut frame.
Phoenix's new album, Bankrupt!, is available now.
That was enough to put the disc at number four on the Billboard 200 this week, which is the highest spot Phoenix have ever reached on the album tally. It easily tops their previous best, which came in 2009 when their breakthrough album Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix debuted and peaked at number 37.
Phoenix talks about their new album with iHeartRadio:
Meanwhile, Fall Out Boy got both good news and bad news this week. Their comeback record, Save Rock and Roll, was knocked from the number one spot by Michael Bublé's To Be Loved. But unlike many other rock chart toppers, Fall Out Boy managed to stay in the top ten. Despite dropping 76-percent in sales, Save Rock and Roll only slid to number five.


text:
And we are back.......told you it wouldn't be long...just waiting the malware warning to be removed by Google, but the forum is now clean as a whistle
And we are back.......told you it wouldn't be long...just waiting the malware warning to be removed by Google, but the forum is now clean as a whistle
Mike Clarke - Co-Owner of The Fight Lounge. The artist formerly known as Timecrocop
Still getting this Mike :
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Edit : Just re-read your post
www.mmafactory.co.uk - Use discount code cagewarriors for 10% off your order
Gnnnnn got a spam backlog to unleash!!!! Better be up soon
Sig awaiting witty quote from someone.
I haven't noticed any warnings or had any problems.
Sherdog.com - The number one MMA site on the web today!
I challenge you all to a spam off!
Sig awaiting witty quote from someone.


text:
Richard A. Grasso
Brendan McDermid/Reuters
News about Richard A. Grasso, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
Highlights From the Archives
Stock Exchange's Ex-Chief Wins Battle to Keep Pay
Richard A. Grasso will keep the $139.5 million he was paid as the former New York Stock Exchange chief.July 2, 2008 businessNews
Grasso's Conditions on Running for Mayor
The former chairman of the New York Stock Exchange, Richard Grasso, may run for mayor -- if certain things happen, like whether his nemesis, Eliot Spitzer, enters the race, The New York Times reports....
April 15, 2011, Friday
Ex-Chairman of New York Stock Exchange May Run for Mayor
Richard A. Grasso said he would run for mayor of New York City if Eliot Spitzer entered the race but the city's police commissioner did not....
April 15, 2011, Friday
Grasso: Stopping Flash Crashes Starts With 1 Set of Rules
Preventing another flash crash boils down to make sure that the nation's various exchanges are operating under one set of rules, instead of the many we have now, former New York Stock Exchange chief Richard Grasso writes in The New York Post....
May 31, 2010, Monday
Stock Exchange's Ex-Chief Wins Battle to Keep Pay
Richard A. Grasso will keep the $139.5 million he was paid as the former New York Stock Exchange chief....
July 2, 2008, Wednesday
Ex-Big Board Chairman Wins Round in Pay Fight
A New York court upheld a lower court ruling dismissing four of six counts originally brought against Richard A. Grasso, the former chief of the New York Stock Exchange....
June 26, 2008, Thursday
Grasso's Grit May Win After All
The chances are growing that Richard A. Grasso will keep the $185 million pay package that led to his ouster as chairman of the New York Stock Exchange....
June 3, 2008, Tuesday
Rise and Fall at the Big Board
In "King of the Club: Richard Grasso and the Survival of the New York Stock Exchange, " Charles Gasparino provides a blow-by-blow account of the former chairman's rise and fall....
November 18, 2007, Sunday
Will Richard A. Grasso get to keep his money after all? A New York appeals court certainly gave Mr. Grasso, the former chairman of the New York Stock Exchange, hope this week when it dismissed four legal claims brought against him by the New York ...
May 12, 2007, Saturday
Court Rules for Grasso in Pay Case
A New York appeals court dismissed four of six legal claims brought against Richard A. Grasso for his compensation....
May 9, 2007, Wednesday
Grasso Weighs in on Cost of Spitzer Suit
Richard A. Grasso said that the costs involved in a lawsuit challenging his compensation might have exceeded $100 million....
January 18, 2007, Thursday
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text:
Get you geek on! Join us Wednesday, February 20, at the Bristol Public Library for our Geek the Library launch party & open house from 6:30-8. This free event will feature food, fun, and free Geek the Library swag! We will also unveil our first set of localized Geek the Library posters showcasing Bristol faces. Maybe you'll see a face you know!
Your libraries help everyone explore the things they geek. With Internet access for all, knowledgeable librarians, and local programs, Bristol libraries are important resources for your community. Keep the libraries vital by turning your passions into support. Get your geek on.
Geek the Library is brought to you by OCLC, a nonprofit library cooperative, with funding by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Geekthelibrary.org does not support or oppose any candidate for public office and does not take positions on legislation.


text:
From HaskellWiki
hsndfile is a Haskell wrapper for libsndfile, a comprehensive C library for reading and writing a large number of soundfile formats.
Besides this wiki page, here are more ways to find out about and get involved with hsndfile:
- Visit the Hackage page for library documentation and to download & install.
- Or install with cabal install hsndfile.
- Get the code repository: darcs get http://code.haskell.org/hsndfile.


text:
Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley today unveiled electric vehicle charging stations at Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. The eight charging stations, located in the Daily and Hourly parking garages at BWI Marshall Airport, will allow travelers to charge their electric vehicles.
"While other states are sitting idly by, Maryland continues to harness the innovation that will move us into the new economy," said Governor O'Malley. "Thanks to our federal partners, we are making vital investments in electric vehicle infrastructure, positioning Maryland as a national leader in this emerging industry and are moving closer to our goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 25 percent by 2020."
Last June, the Maryland Energy Administration announced a $500,000 investment in electric vehicle infrastructure, funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, in order to promote a cleaner, more efficient transportation system in Maryland. That investment fueled the construction of 65 charging stations throughout the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area, providing the necessary infrastructure to allow electric vehicle owners to travel throughout the region with confidence. 55 of the charging stations, including those at BWI Marshall Airport, are being developed by the Baltimore Electric Vehicle Initiative (BEVI). The Airport's charging stations were constructed by SemaConnect, Inc., a Maryland-based company.
"This innovation highlights our commitment to environmental stewardship," said Paul J. Wiedefeld, Executive Director of BWI Marshall Airport. "Providing these EV charging stations for our customers is consistent with our efficient, convenient service and our 'easy come, easy go' reputation. We are excited to make this technology available to BWI Marshall Airport travelers."
BWI Marshall Airport is committed to managing its operations in an environmentally responsible manner. The Airport has a wide-range of environmental programs. In addition to the new electric vehicle charging stations, other environmental initiatives at BWI Marshall include —
The eight EV charging stations installed at BWI Marshall Airport are Level 2 (240 VAC) charging stations. Four stations are located in the Airport's Daily Garage, with the additional four in the Hourly Garage. BWI Marshall Airport served a record 21.9 million passengers in 2010.
Jonathan Dean


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Billy Bush: Sochi Water and Hotels Aren't as Bad as Everyone Says
Photo: Getty Images
By Sierra Marquina
Access Hollywood host Billy Bush phoned in to On Air with Ryan Seacrest from Sochi and admitted conditions are not as bad as journalists have made it out to be with #SochiProblems on Twitter.
When it comes to those pictures of yellow water some journalists have posted from the Winter Olympics, Billy jokes, "That's scotch … Listen, the water is fine … my hotel is fine."
As for security and whether or not he feels safe, the host admits that leading up to the trip to Russia he was nervous. However, now being there, he feels much better. "Vladimir Putin is here. If it's safe for him, it's safe for me."
Billy is in Sochi to cover the Winter Olympics for NBC and has been doing things, like getting pedicures and experiencing the culture by visiting the Russian sanatoriums.
"I screamed like a girl … it's a very odd feeling," Billy says of the fish pedicure. He adds that tonight on NBC we'll see his trip to the spa, which features him getting into a barrel with Olympian Scott Hamilton and testing out Lady Gaga's vibrating egg.
Tune into NBC and Access Hollywood tonight to catch Billy.


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Diamond Pendants as Gifts
If you're looking for a gift she'll cherish, there's nothing better than a diamond pendant. Whether it's a special occasion, an important anniversary, a landmark birthday, or "just because" that you want to celebrate, diamonds are always the perfect fit.
Here at Sam's Club, you'll find a huge selection of diamond pendants, with options suited to every style. As you choose the pendant that's right for your gift, keep the following considerations in mind.
- The pendant's design, shape, and size are important. Consider what type of impression you want the pendant to create. Are you looking for a whimsical beauty? Sophisticated elegance? Classic styling? Let your vision guide your pendant selection.
- You should select a style that suits you or your recipient, whether it is a long chain with a heavy pendant or a smaller, simpler ensemble.
- Choose the type of metal you prefer and narrow down your selection of pendants from there. Yellow gold, white gold, sterling silver, and rose gold are all popular metal choices for diamond pendants.
- Looking for a little extra color or variety? Keep your eyes peeled for diamond pendants that mix metals, use colored diamonds, or incorporate additional gemstones.
Your Cheat Sheet for Diamond Buying
A diamond is an investment that will give pleasure for years to come. Because you're making such a lasting purchase, it's a good idea to know a bit about how diamonds are classified and rated. There are four main criteria on which diamonds are judged; these factors are known as the "four Cs" of diamonds.
Cut refers to the shape and proportion of a diamond. A well proportioned diamond is more visually appealing, showcasing the stone's maximum brilliance.
The clarity of a diamond is determined by the flaws it contains when viewed with ten power magnification.
There are diamonds of varied colors. The most traditionally desired diamond is the colorless diamond.
A diamond is measured in carats. One carat is divided into a hundred points.
Now that you've got the basics under your belt, enjoy the beautiful selection of diamond pendants here at Sam's Club. Explore the collection of fine diamond jewelry to find the piece that's perfect for you or for your lucky gift recipient.


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Strasbourg, 6 March 2013
Questionnaire for the preparation of CCJE Opinion No. 16
on the relationship between judges and lawyers and the concrete means to improve the efficiency and quality of judicial proceedings
Natalie Fricero
A. Professional ethics, conduct and responsibility of judges and lawyers
The replies show that all states have codes of ethics (or codes of professional conduct), and ethical principles included in various sources, but none has a joint code for judges and lawyers. Nevertheless, states all accept that ethical principles for both professions are to be found in these sources, even though they are set out separately for each.
1) Codes of conduct for each profession
Virtually all states have adopted transparent official rules on ethics (or conduct) for justice professionals. But the source and content of these principles differ according to whether they are for judges or lawyers.
For judges, in accordance with CCJE Opinion No. 3, usually there are codes of ethics, still known as 'Guidance for Judges' or 'Compendium of Professional Ethical Obligations'. In a few cases these codes cover both judges and prosecutors. Sometimes ethical rules are the result of principles in more general texts such as the Constitution (independence and impartiality of judges), staff regulations of officials, or the oath taken by judges when they assume office. Codes of ethics are usually drafted and adopted by judges' associations or the Judicial Service Commission. There is a significant number of states reporting that they have no codes of conduct for judges (Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Monaco, Switzerland and Turkey).
For lawyers, in most states the national Bar Association has adopted a code of conduct for the profession in general. In some cases, ethical principles arise out of decrees adopted by the executive (France), Acts of Parliament (Germany), a Bar Association's guidelines (Liechtenstein) or Bar Associations' disciplinary rules (Turkey). Very few states (Czech Republic, Monaco and Romania) have no code.
2) No joint codes of conduct or codes governing relations between judges and lawyers
No states have considered producing a joint code of ethics for lawyers and judges. The main reasons given are the following: the two professions have different functions; judges must decide impartially, whereas lawyers have to defend the interests of their clients; the rules governing judges are very different from those regulating the independent professions.
But there are common principles applying to both professions, since both lawyers and judges pursue a common goal, namely delivery of a high-quality judgment, able to restore social peace, with due regard for the basic principles of due process. States point out that:
- Codes of civil and criminal procedure contain rules of professional conduct governing relations between judges and lawyers (such as respect for the adversarial principle, equality of arms, and timetables for proceedings);
- Codes of conduct for judges and ethical rules for lawyers also contain principles applicable to judge/lawyer relations (independence, mutual respect, fairness, honesty, tact and courtesy, for example).
States are not planning to produce joint codes of conduct. Some countries report that the matter is being discussed. Similarly, no states are planning to establish codes or other instruments specifically governing relations between judges and lawyers.
3) Recognition of common ethical principles
- Many states stress the fact that there are already instruments governing these relations: codes of civil and criminal procedure, and codes of conduct for each profession. There are also bodies in which judges and lawyers work together on ethical questions: for example, lawyers are sometimes members of the Judicial Service Commission while, conversely, judges may sit on disciplinary boards for lawyers (Slovenia). Sometimes judges and lawyers may sit together on committees studying draft procedural law (Norway).
- As regards the content of the main ethical principles, states were in agreement in suggesting the following basic requirements:
- for judges: independence and impartiality, confidentiality (duty of discretion), integrity, observance of the law, respect for court users, honesty, competence, care and fairness;
- for lawyers: independence, no conflicts of interest, observance of the law, respect for the court, defence of their clients' interests, confidentiality, honesty, fairness, professional competence, responsibility and collegiality.
It may be noted that some of these principles are common to both judges and lawyers: independence, observance of the law, confidentiality, integrity, respect for court users, competence and fairness.
It may even be said that some of these principles also govern relations between judges and lawyers. First, observance of the law – and therefore of codes of procedure – and due process means that judges and lawyers must respect the adversarial principle, lawyers must voluntarily make available within the agreed time-limits the factual and legal grounds together with the relevant evidence, and judges must ask lawyers for their comments prior to making a ruling. Second, the principle of fairness obliges lawyers to avoid deliberately giving judges false information and delaying proceedings without lawful cause and compels judges to take account of lawyers' difficulties and adjourn hearings if necessary.
B. Training of judges and lawyers
The general idea that emerged from the replies was that all states organise initial and further training for judges and most have training courses for lawyers. But this training is determined separately for each profession and organised by different institutions. It covers substantive and procedural law, ethics and professional practice. In the light of the specific duties performed by judges and lawyers, training content is individually tailored to each branch (drafting of judgments; drafting of legal documents). In a few cases, training for judges may be open to lawyers, or seminars organised in partnership with universities may be open to all. These seminars cover legislation rather than comparative ethics or relations between judges and lawyers.
1) Initial and further training in all states for judges and lawyers
Both initial and further training of judges and lawyers have been placed on a more professional footing and have reached a high standard in all states. There are differences between the systems, but all countries believe that the quality of justice depends on the quality of training.
There are specialist training institutions in virtually all states:
- For judges, training is always provided in an institution, known as a legal service training college, academy of justice, training centre or national judicial institute. The training college sometimes also trains prosecutors (Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Hungary, the "former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"), employees of the judicial administration, and Ministry of Justice staff (Albania). In a very few cases there is joint training of lawyers and judges (Germany and Norway, with judges being recruited from experienced lawyers).
- For lawyers, training is more varied. It usually takes place in law schools; sometimes it is provided by the Bar Association, and sometimes the training is by another lawyer as part of in-house training in a law firm. But the method of recruitment varies between states: some hold examinations with no preliminary preparation, while others have examinations with preparation provided by a university or the Bar Association. Lawyers usually undergo a period of practical training before starting to practise.
Training programmes are tailored to each profession but have the following areas in common: substantive and procedural law, professional rules and ethics. States have put in place initial theoretical and practical training, as well as further training, which is usually considered a right and sometimes a duty.
- For judges: The programme generally covers theoretical training (substantive and procedural law, and ethics) and practical training (different duties, introduction to social problems). Further training is often both national and decentralised (regional); it is provided in partnership with universities (seminars). The length of initial training varies considerably (from a few months to three years on average).
- For lawyers: Initial training encompasses substantive law, rules of professional practice (drafting of legal documents) and sometimes ethics; practice is gained during a traineeship of varying length (from a few months to 3 years on average). Some states have made further training mandatory (20 hours a year on average).
2) Training in professional ethics remains specific to each profession; joint training is rare
Training in issues relating to professional ethics is included in all programmes, but each profession normally takes care of its own training. Joint sessions for judges and lawyers are uncommon and usually not mandatory. States have reported some examples: joint seminars have been organised; lawyers take part in some training courses with judges, sometimes as trainers; some courts of appeal organise joint training with Bar Associations and universities. Judges may also do a placement in a law firm during their initial training.
With the exception of two states, none was planning to organise joint training for judges and lawyers.
C. Efficiency and quality of judicial proceedings
In all countries, interaction between the judge and parties to the proceedings, represented by their lawyers, is governed by codes of civil procedure. Rules of procedure define the office of judge, co-operation with lawyers (to lay down the 'timetable' for proceedings, for example), and arrangements for production of documents. Judges and lawyers may often decide on a friendly settlement to bring proceedings to an end. A judge must always respond to parties' requests, but he or she may find a request inadmissible, without considering its merits, if it does not comply with rules of procedure (for example, the principle of full disclosure at the start of proceedings). Lawyers may use rules of procedure to delay the outcome of proceedings even though codes of procedure provide for penalties. These objective factors (codes of procedure, laws) appear to be necessary to regulate these relations, although all states emphasise subjective human factors (mutual respect and understanding between the professions).
1) Judges and lawyers interact in civil proceedings
- In the conduct of the proceedings: All codes of civil procedure lay down rules for the interaction of judges and lawyers: determination of time-limits, case-management discussions and timetables, committals and adjournments; alternative dispute resolution; case management meeting. These rules are governed by the adversarial principle and the right to a hearing within a reasonable time. Such rules are not always applied in the same way by states, but generally timetables are set with lawyers' consent and are discussed with the parties. They are discussed at the start of proceedings or at an initial hearing. They may be negotiated by the president of the court with the Bar Association to establish good practice.
Parties and lawyers may often 'negotiate' certain stages of the proceedings using the timetable (determining time-limits for exchange of claims, pleas and documents) to prepare cases for trial. Judges and lawyers are accordingly instrumental in the proper administration of justice (hearing within a reasonable time) and protection of parties' private interests (recognition of the rights of the defence).
- For the submission of documents, evidence and pleadings: Codes of procedure lay down communication procedures for judges and lawyers. Usually communication is in writing, by post, or by telephone; it often occurs at the hearing between judges and lawyers. Electronic communication by Internet, e-mail or fax is sometimes possible (but more uncommon, since only a few states are developing e-justice).
- As regards friendly settlements, interaction is growing: courts sometimes hold mediation hearings, and there are conciliation procedures, particularly in family cases (and also in criminal cases, with plea bargaining). Settlements can be approved by the court, in which case they are binding and enforceable.
- A judge to whom a request is referred must always respond. However, if the lawyer does not comply with the requirements as to form, timing and inter partes proceedings laid down by the code of civil procedure, a judge may rule the request inadmissible (that is, dismiss it without considering its merits). For example, a judge may find inadmissible any requests not lodged within the time-limit set by the case management timetable or any submissions not fully disclosed at the start of proceedings. A judge may also reject documents not made available to the opposing party in timely fashion. These procedural provisions allow a judge to penalise lawyers who fail to respect the guiding principles of the proceedings (adversarial principle, hearing within a reasonable time and observance of the case management timetable).
- Lawyers can always resort to strategic manoeuvring to delay delivery of a judgment by means of procedural law (request for adjournment of the hearing or reopening of the proceedings; late production of evidence; change of counsel; raising of procedural objections; or lodging of appeals). But usually the code of procedure enables judges to penalise such behaviour (refusal to adjourn a hearing, fines for abuses of procedure, inadmissibility of new submissions or documents, dismissal of appeals by means of filtering).
2) The factors of successful interaction between judges and lawyers
- Objective factors are considered fundamental by all states. They cover the law in general, codes of procedure, local practice in some cases, and substantive and procedural law. These are the provisions that specify the instruments organising and governing relations between judges and lawyers and define the two offices and applicable penalties. Legal certainty and equality of arms necessitate clear and understandable rules.
Some states also mention periodic meetings between governing bodies of the courts and Bar presidents to discuss general issues and specific problems.
- Subjective factors play an important role. They include mutual understanding, joint training, acceptance of each other's roles, personal investment by judges and lawyers, a common culture, a judge's acumen, the 'human' factor, a shared willingness to work together, a high degree of professionalism and high moral standards, and negotiation of 'procedural agreements' signed by presidents of courts and local Bars in order to define 'good practice' and rights and obligations.
Most states consider relations between judges and lawyers to be satisfactory. The problems recorded, especially in criminal cases, have various causes, such as inappropriate personal conduct and cases of unjustified defence. A common culture and mutual understanding should be developed, and judges should understand that a lawyer's first duty is to defend his or her client. Better ethics training is important (mutual respect, tact, restraint).
D. Role of judges and lawyers in responding to the needs of parties
Judges and lawyers co-operate in responding to the needs of parties by promoting friendly settlements of disputes through their conduct of the case management. Mutual understanding of each other's roles and needs is facilitated by possibilities for switching between the two professions.
1) Co-operation between judges and lawyers is reflected in the conduct and outcome of proceedings
- Firstly, in most states it is possible to terminate proceedings by a friendly settlement with the help of the judge and the lawyers. Judges may suggest a friendly settlement, encourage mediation or compromise, or themselves play a part in reconciliation. Judges can stay proceedings or adjourn a hearing to find a settlement. In most cases they approve the settlement reached in this way in order to make it enforceable.
- Secondly, co-operation helps decide on the procedure to be followed: in the preparation of civil cases, judges co-operate with lawyers to set the timetable for the proceedings. Sometimes the president of the court holds a meeting or preliminary hearing with the lawyers in order to determine the difficulty of the case and lay down a timetable tailored to the parties' needs (obtaining evidence, problems of the case, large number of parties).
2) Improving mutual understanding by making it possible to switch between the professions
The opportunity to switch between the professions improves mutual understanding and adds to a common culture. Change in both directions is possible, but there are no specific figures.
Judges may become lawyers (upon retirement, for example; a certain length of experience as judge may be required; but a switch is sometimes impossible, as in Monaco). Lawyers can become judges: often they have to sit an examination, undergo a period of training or be accepted by the Judicial Service Commission. In a very few cases (as in Luxembourg and the United Kingdom), all judges were formerly lawyers. In Norway the figure is 40%.
Lawyers can very rarely become "substitute" judges: in a few cases they may make up a court's full complement in the absence of a judge, or they may be local magistrates for a limited period.
E. Judges, lawyers and the media
States report that the media are interested not in relations between judges and lawyers but rather in individual cases, especially criminal ones. Judges provide no information on cases because they are bound by professional secrecy, the duty of discretion and the requirement to be impartial. Some courts provide information through a press contact judge. Lawyers are free to comment in the media but must respect the authority of the court.
1) No discussion of judge/lawyer relations
There is no media discussion of relations between judges and lawyers. The media show an interest in certain trials, criticise the conduct of proceedings, challenge the impartiality of certain judges, especially in criminal cases, and sometimes disparage judges.
2) Considerable media freedom for lawyers, very little for judges
In all states, judges observe professional secrecy and the duty of discretion and do not comment in the media on cases in progress or judgments delivered. To ensure transparency of justice, most systems have established a 'press contact judge' for their courts, a judge who provides information and offers neutral and objective explanations of cases. This role is sometimes assigned to a public prosecutor, court spokesperson or the president of the court. Lawyers, on the other hand, are free to communicate, provided that they respect the rules of professional conduct (respect for the court, dignified attitude). Many lawyers comment on cases in the media and criticise judgments.


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The CWC Registration and Records Office is open Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. It is located on the first floor of Main Hall. Click here to meet our staff.
Students who have already completed the admissions process can register by mailing or faxing a completed enrollment form to the Registration and Records Office. (Printable forms listed below)
Students needing to apply for admissions can do so online or by faxing a completed application for admissions to the 307-855-2092.
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This is a story about a girl named Valeria's first...
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(Sequel to First love) Valeria is a smart, pretty girl. She has fallen in love once but left him for someone else. Joseph. Valeria soon becomes good friends with One of Josephs best friends John. When Valeria and Joseph don't work out, who will John choose? Will he stay friends with Joseph, his best friend, or Valeria, a girl he only started talking to two weeks before? What will happen between the three of them? Will Val fall for John or go back to Joseph? Read to find out.
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In an effort to provide the highest level of pediatric care in the Tri-State area, Deaconess Hospital and Riley Hospital for Children IU Health have formed an exclusive partnership to offer a Pediatric Unit and Intensive Care Unit, Children's Specialty Center, and Child Life Services. Together, we provide innovative medical technologies with top pediatric physicians to deliver the compassionate, patient and family centered care you have come to expect from Deaconess.
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Washington : Government Printing Office
|Chap. 415
|Betty Little White Man.
Page 532
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to sell the trust allotment numbered 4534 of Bettie Morrison, now Betty Little White Man, Pine Ridge allottee, described as the southeast quarter of section 32, township 37 north, range 36 west, sixth principal meridian, South Dakota, containing one hundred and sixty acres, conveyance to be made by deed or the issuance of a patent in fee to the purchaser and to disburse the proceeds of such sale to Betty Little White Man for her benefit.
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Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation
The SPEC CPU® 2006 benchmark is SPEC's industry-standardized, CPU-intensive benchmark suite, stressing a system's processor, memory subsystem and compiler.
This benchmark suite includes the SPECint® benchmarks and the SPECfp® benchmarks. The SPECint® 2006 benchmark contains 12 different benchmark tests and the SPECfp® 2006 benchmark contains 19 different benchmark tests.
The SPEC CPU® 2006 benchmark is available for purchase via the SPEC order form.
SPEC designed this suite to provide a comparative measure of compute-intensive performance across the widest practical range of hardware using workloads developed from real user applications. These benchmarks are provided as source code and require the user to be comfortable using compiler commands as well as other commands via a command interpreter using a console or command prompt window in order to generate executable binaries.
The SPEC CPU® 2006 benchmark has several different ways to measure computer performance. One way is to measure how fast the computer completes a single task; this is a speed measurement. Another way is to measure how many tasks a computer can accomplish in a certain amount of time; this is called a throughput, capacity or rate measurement.
For more information about the SPECrate® and SPECspeed® metrics, see the technical documentation.
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SAP AG (NYSE: SAP) today announced general availability of the 9.0 version of the SAP Business One application running on Microsoft SQL. The business management solution for small businesses can be deployed on premise or in the cloud and is accessible via mobile devices. With more than 50 new features, the latest version offers enhanced capabilities for business partner and warehouse management, infrastructure and inventory management as well as improved systems performance. In addition, the 9.0 version of SAP Business One natively running on the in-memory platform from SAP is now in restricted shipment. The SAP HANA platform enables companies to instantly analyze growing volumes of data and gain the benefits of fast application performance without complicating IT landscapes. The announcement was made at SAPPHIRE NOW 2013, being held May 14-16 in Orlando, Florida.
New additions to the 9.0 version of SAP Business One available now include:
The 9.0 version of SAP Business One, version for SAP HANA, is planned to include:
"Without SAP Business One, MCS Business Solutions as our SAP partner and Boyum-IT as an industry-specific add-on provider, we would not have been able to handle our impressive growth for the last three years as profitably as we have," said Axel Zimmermann, president, JAR Systems LLC. "The new release again proves that SAP continues to invest in adding necessary new features to help make our company run even more efficiently. We did not find this in any competitors' offerings at this price point."
"The new version of SAP Business One is well-suited for our company and the fixed assets functionality has been a major boost for our operations since we deal with lot of high-tech laboratory equipment," said E.A. Subramaniam, CEO, HLL Biotech Limited. "The multiple units of measurement feature is another added advantage since it ranges from milligram to kilogram. The overall user experience has been wonderful in this new version."
For announcements, blog posts, videos and other coverage during SAPPHIRE NOW, visit the SAP Newsroom. Follow SAP on Twitter at @sapnews and @businessonenews.
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10 Stars Who Maybe Lied About Their Age
A few weeks ago, an actress friend submitted a piece to run on The Frisky. In editing the story, I asked her age, so that I could write it into the piece. "Eek!" she wrote me in a panic. "My agent has told me never to reveal my age. Can we say between 21 and 30?" Uh, no, that's not quite how we roll here. I really thought this was an easy question—I'm 31 and have never had any qualms about revealing my age. But this incident was a good reminder that for performers, age is an extremely loaded number. Fast forward to this morning, when I saw a story about Nicki Minaj. Apparently, she claims she was born in December 1982, making her 28. But she is actually 30. MediaTakeout accused her of this last year when a reader tipped them off. And after the assault incident of last week, TMZ noticed the discrepancy on the legal documents. Which, really, you're lying about a lousy two years? [ONTD]
After the jump, more famous folks caught lying about their age.


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What does THX mean?
- THX is a high-fidelity audio/visual reproduction standard for movie theaters, screening rooms, home theaters, computer speakers, gaming consoles, and car audio systems. The current THX was created in 2002 when it spun off from Lucasfilm Ltd. THX was developed by Tomlinson Holman at George Lucas's company, Lucasfilm, in 1983 to ensure that the soundtrack for the third Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi, would be accurately reproduced in the best venues. THX was named after Holman, with the "X" standing for "crossover" as well as an homage to Lucas's first film, THX 1138. The distinctive crescendo used in the THX trailers, created by Holman's coworker James A. Moorer, is known as the "Deep Note". The THX system is not a recording technology, and it does not specify a sound recording format: all sound formats, whether digital or analog, can be "shown in THX." THX is mainly a quality assurance system. THX-certified theaters provide a high-quality, predictable playback environment to ensure that any film soundtrack mixed in THX will sound as near as possible to the intentions of the mixing engineer. THX also provides certified theaters with a special crossover circuit whose use is part of the standard. Certification of an auditorium entails specific acoustic and other technical requirements; architectural requirements include a floating floor, baffled and acoustically treated walls, no parallel walls, a perforated screen, and NC30 rating for background noise.
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"THX." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2017. Web. 22 Jul 2017. <http://www.abbreviations.com/THX>.


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It's amazing what goes on in state government when no one is watching. The latest example was brought to light by The Sacramento Bee newspaper, which uncovered that state officials overseeing construction of the new portion of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge signed a contract with a public relations company for nearly $10 million.
That's not a typo. It's correct: $10 million from taxpayers and/or tollpayers to pay for PR on a bridge.
What are these people thinking?
Actually, some people were watching this ridiculous expenditure by the cash-strapped state. Just not the right people -- until the Bee exposed it.
The contract was signed by the California Department of Transportation in August -- approved by a Caltrans district supervisor -- and then OK'd by the state Department of General Services in September. But Gov. Jerry Brown's administration ordered the contract canceled last week after Caltrans complied with The Bee's request for records of the contract.
"A commemorative book and a documentary about the Bay Bridge is not a wise use of tollpayer resources," understated Jim Evans, a spokesman for the state Business, Transportation and Housing Agency, which oversees Caltrans. Evans called the contract "excessive" and said it "wasn't properly vetted at Caltrans headquarters," The Bee reported.
Later, Evans said departments within his agency have been told that from now on any PR contract worth more than $100,000 must be approved by the agency's acting secretary.
Now, $10 million is only about a seventh of a percent of the $6.4 billion budgeted to replace the eastern part of the Bay Bridge due to seismic concerns.
And its much less than the $54 million that state Department of Parks and Recreation employees were found to have hidden away in special funds. But it's more than 17 times the $583,000 that, according to the state controller's report this week, Parks Department managers dished out improperly in extra pay over three years.
In any case, why blow $10 million on PR for a bridge project when public education and services for the poor have been slashed? Why would Caltrans think paying spinmeisters to put a happy face on a new bridge was a responsible use of taxpayer funds?
Here's what the PR firm that briefly had the $10 million contract, San Francisco-based Words Pictures Ideas LLC, had to say about it: "Creating a holistic, all-encompassing narrative of the project's history, milestones, tribulations and monumental achievements is an essential component of capturing and preserving the seismic retrofit's legacy."
Whew, that's spreading it pretty thick. Who knew a seismic retrofit could have a legacy? (Maybe that's why we don't work in PR. Or for Caltrans.)
All those Californians who were looking forward to viewing and reading "a documentary video and book to highlight and document all events leading up to the opening celebrations" for the bridge section will now be disappointed.
But, thanks to The Bee's investigation and the Brown administration's quashing the whole PR endeavor, they'll have a little extra change in their pockets.


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Click here for the Ivy League release!
PRINCETON, N.J. -- Ivy League men's basketball jumps onto the national stage for the 2012-13 season with an 11-game television package that includes 10 games on the NBC Sports Network and one on the CBS Sports Network and features all eight schools.
As part of the package, the University of Pennsylvania men's basketball team will be on national television three times -- Saturday, Dec. 8 when it hosts Villanova at 8 p.m. (in the first game of the package); Saturday, Jan. 12 when it opens Ivy League play at Princeton at 6 p.m.; and Saturday, March 2 when Harvard comes to The Palestra for a 6 p.m. tipoff.
This year, NBC Sports Network will televise more than 50 college basketball games, the most in the network's history.
The League will also have a presence on the CBS Sports Network with Harvard at Yale on Saturday, Feb. 23 at 8 p.m. CBS Sports Network returns to the court for its 10th season of college basketball programming, airing 172 contests, its most extensive slate of games ever.
The 11-game package comes on the heels of the Ivy League and the NBC Sports Group announcing a two-year renewal of their national television rights agreement for football, men's basketball and men's lacrosse games in June. For the 2012 football season, the League boasts eight nationally-televised games with seven on the NBC Sports Network and one on the CBS Sports Network.
NBC Sports Network, part of the NBC Sports Group, is dedicated to serving passionate sports fans. Now in nearly 80 million homes, the network is the cable television home of the Summer and Winter Olympics, National Hockey League (NHL), Major League Soccer (MLS), IZOD IndyCar Series, Tour de France and 34th America's Cup. In addition, NBC Sports Network telecasts college football, college basketball, college hockey, horse racing surrounding the Triple Crown, Fight Night boxing, Ironman, the Dew Action Sports Tour and USA Sevens Rugby. The network is also home to original programs such as Costas Tonight, NFL Turning Point, Caught Looking, NBC Sports Talk and Pro Football Talk. NBC Sports Network is distributed via cable systems and satellite operators throughout the United States.
CBS Sports Network (CBSSN) is the 24-hour cable home of CBS Sports. The Network covers more than 350 live games annually, showcasing more than 30 men's and women's sports, in addition to a variety of studio shows, documentaries and original programs. CBSSN's live programming is highlighted by college sports and also features professional lacrosse, Professional Bull Riding (PBR), the sports news and commentary show ROME, the weekly studio show NFL Monday QB and the Tim Brando Show. CBS Sports Network is available across the country through local cable, video and telco providers and via satellite on DirecTV Channel 613 and Dish Network Channel 158. For more information, and to access the CBS Sports Network channel finder, go to www.cbssportsnetwork.com.


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Jay-Z performs 'Picasso Baby' for six hours
Listen to Jay-Z on iHeartRadio
Jay-Z is proving that he deserves a spot alongside artists such as Picasso and Andy Warhol. On Wednesday, Jay took part in what amounted to a performance art piece at New York's Pace Gallery, performing his track "Picasso Baby" for six hours.
Video posted on TheDailyBeast.com shows the behind the scenes action. Apart from all the cell phone footage taken at the show, a film crew captured the epic performance for what many believe will be the music video for the track.
In a recent question-and-answer session on Twitter, Jay hinted that the visuals for the album would come from "six pieces of art." Spectators were brought into the gallery every hour. Among the high profile guests were director Judd Apatow, actor Alan Cumming, actress Jemima Kirke and actor Adam Driver.
"Picasso Baby" appears on Jay's latest album "Magna Carta Holy Grail." Prior to the album's release this week, Jay gave away one-million digital copies of the album in a promotional partnership with Samsung Mobile.
Photo Credit Getty Images