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Hey!I would like to know how much time you spend on creating a complete song? For example, we have about 3-4 hours, not including breaks)
Sometimes it takes 1 day sometimes a few weeks or months
James-Lee-Grey said
Sometimes it takes 1 day sometimes a few weeks or months
Yup, same here.
James-Lee-Grey saidYes! Sometimes even years:D Sometimes I find some old old demos and now they are selling here aftere rerecording. BUT I don't know why, but my best staff is something I made composed and made really fast:S So I don't like when I need to make some track for weeks. It means only one thing – something is going wrong:D
Sometimes it takes 1 day sometimes a few weeks or months
Like Thanami, I compose my music in less than a day and if I can't complete that song, I start a new song.
I usually need at least 2 days, but sometimes it takes more than a week to get track done. I think we need some time to rest our ears so we can evaluate our work properly.
Between 2 hours to 1 week)
I agree with what Lennu said here – ears might need some time to reset to be able to evaluate the song properly. So for me it usually takes at least a couple of days to finish a song, including the much needed pauses in the work flow.
I can write a few tracks – parallel … a little bit from each , it all depends on my mood, and number of free time)) ...an average of 2-3 days, if free from work … and, in general, try not to rush, because rush – it makes no sense))
Hey. Something one day, but is usually much longer)). First time consuming main job and work on audiostocks is only night time, and in the second I saw that really have nowhere to hurry and now I'm working on a different principle – even if the track is ready, then I leave it still for a few days and then come back to it again, and when he has come out of the head, then a few days later you hear it quite differently and hear different errors and the fact that we would like to fix it.


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Kluber strong in final outing, Indians win
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. -- Cleveland's Corey Kluber had a strong final spring outing; Arizona's Wade Miley, not so good.
Kluber, the No. 2 starter in the Indians' rotation, allowed two runs on five hits in seven innings in Cleveland's 3-2 victory over a Diamondbacks' split-squad on Thursday.
Kluber blanked Arizona for six innings before being tagged for a pair of runs in the seventh. He struck out seven and walked one.
Miley, the starter in the Diamondbacks' season-opening 3-1 loss to Clayton Kershaw and the Los Angeles Dodgers in Australia, gave up three runs on seven hits in 4 2/3 innings, walking one and hitting a batter.
Both teams have exhibition games Friday and Saturday. Arizona plays the Chicago Cubs at Phoenix's Chase Field, the Indians are at San Diego.
Cleveland finished with the second-best record in all of spring training at 19-8, which of course has no significance in the long run.
Except, manager Terry Francona said, "it means that we played pretty good baseball, which I love."
Arizona manager Kirk Gibson was not in the dugout for the second game in a row. He is on crutches after undergoing knee surgery. Bench coach Alan Trammell took his place.
Both Kluber and Miley are scheduled to pitch on Tuesday.
Copyright 2014 Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Jennifer Nettles' solo album doesn't mark the end of Sugarland
Listen to Sugarland on iHeartRadio
Jennifer Nettles says Sugarland isn't splitting up. She tells Billboard.com fans shouldn't "panic" over the news that she's working on a solo album. The country star explains that she and Kristian Bush are simply "taking time to do things individually, personally, and professionally."
She adds that they're each "super supportive of each other" in their own pursuits. Jennifer says that launching a solo career alongside Sugarland gives her the chance to widen her range of experiences.
She explains that with Sugarland she gets to "go out and play the big shows, play the arenas," and on her own she's getting to do something "more intimate and more personal."
Nettles' debut solo album is expected to arrive this fall.
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Home > Uncategorized > Announcement
May 8, 2008
In order to keep the Lindependence 2008 stuff more focused, I've started a blog called "Lindependence 2008 Felton Diary" which can be found here.
The first item is the Declaration of Lindependence, of which I think Jefferson and Adams would be proud.
(Larry Cafiero runs HeliOS Solutions West in Felton, California, and is an associate member of the Free Software Foundation.)
Categories: Uncategorized


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Lai T, Liu X, Guo YL, Guo N, Yu M, Hsu C, Rogan WJ. A Cohort Study of Behavioral Problems and Intelligence in Children With High Prenatal Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59(11):1061-1066. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.11.1061
© 2017
In 1978, about 2000 persons in Taiwan were poisoned when their cooking oil was contaminated during manufacture with heat-degraded polychlorinated biphenyls, which are toxic, very widespread pollutant chemicals. The chemicals cannot be metabolized or excreted, and 8 of the first 39 children born to affected women died. When examined in 1985, 117 surviving children were found to have ectodermal defects, developmental delay, and disordered behavior. We have continued to observe the children.
From 1992 through 1995, 118 children born between 1978 and 1985 (during or after their mothers' exposure) and 118 matched neighborhood control children had cognitive function measured yearly with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised and behavioral problems measured with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and the Rutter Child Behavior Scale A.
The exposed children scored 3 points (P = .05) lower than control children for IQ; 3 points (P =.002) higher on the Child Behavior Checklist (an effect size similar to the sex difference); and 6 points (P<.001) higher on the Rutter scale (3 times the sex difference). Birth year × exposure interactions, testing whether children born long after the exposure were as affected as those born soon after, were small and not significant. Age × exposure interactions, testing whether the children improved relative to control children as they got older, were significant only for the Rutter scale.
Prenatal exposure to these compounds produces long-lasting cognitive and behavioral damage, but there is some evidence of recovery.
POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls (PCBs), a group of industrial oils with 2 linked phenyl rings and various degrees of chlorination, were used widely between the 1930s and the 1970s, before they were banned in much of the world.1 They are still among the most ubiquitous and persistent of environmental contaminants and are detectable in most human beings worldwide. Polychlorinated biphenyls per se are toxic and teratogenic and can cause impaired learning and behavioral abnormalities in laboratory animals.2 In children, transplacental exposure even at low, background levels may produce subtle psychomotor, cognitive, and memory impairment.3 The most severe effects, however, from exposure to these compounds in children occurred among the offspring of women poisoned by complex mixtures of heat-degraded PCBs. Two such exposures have occurred, one in Japan in 19684 (referred to as Yusho) and the other in Taiwan in 19795 (Yucheng; the words mean"oil disease" in Japanese and Chinese, respectively). The PCBs used as heat exchangers in the processing of rice bran cooking oil leaked into the finished oil. The PCBs themselves were partially heat-degraded and thus contaminated by polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other chlorinated, multiring compounds. Some of the PCDFs are extraordinarily toxic compounds,6 with potencies approaching that of 2, 3, 7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a structurally similar compound that is the most toxic synthetic chemical known. The PCBs and PCDFs are not well excreted,7 and the women continued to have affected children for years after the exposure occurred. In Japan, the children born to affected women were "hypotonic, apathetic, and dull" as 9- and 10-year-olds,8 but there has been no formal study of them.
In Taiwan (the Yucheng incident), more than 2000 people consumed the contaminated oil for about 6 months during 1978 to 1979. In the first 3 years after the outbreak, 8 of the 39 children born to exposed women died.5 In 1985, we studied 117 of the 123 children with transplacental exposure (Yucheng children [hereafter referred to as exposed children]) and found ectodermal defects, developmental delay, more behavioral problems, and higher activity levels.9 These children have been followed up since 1985 with cognitive and behavioral testing. Between 1985 and 1992, the children's cognitive test scores were not improving relative to control children as they got older, nor was the effect smaller in children who were born up to 6 years after the exposure had taken place.10
From 1985 until 1992, the children's behavior was studied with translations of the Rutter Child Behavior Scale A, which measures problem behavior, and the Werry-Weiss-Peters scales of children's activity. The exposed children had scores about 23% higher on the Rutter scale and about 15% higher on the Werry-Weiss-Peters scale.11 As with the cognitive testing, the difference in scores between the exposed children and control children did not diminish as the children aged nor by year of birth. Continued follow-up cognitive testing showed some diminution of effect in the oldest children studied with Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices,12 but results of IQ and behavioral testing have not yet been reported. In this report, we present data from follow-up behavioral and cognitive testing of the same children by means of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Rutter Child Behavior Scale A, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised(WISC-R).
Beginning in 1984, the women who were registered with the Taiwan Provincial Health Department as being victims of Yucheng were located and all 123 living children, who had been born to 74 exposed women between June 1978 and March 1985, were identified.9 Because registration carried with it access to free medical services and because of the considerable local publicity, registration is believed to be complete. These children had transplacental exposure to the chemicals, and in some cases were breast-fed contaminated milk, but they were too young to have consumed the contaminated oil themselves. In April 1985, 117 of them attended a physical examination, and 118 exposed children participated in the cognitive and behavioral follow-up study. For each exposed child, 3 control children matched for age(within 15 days for those younger than 1 year, and within 1 month for those older), sex, neighborhood, maternal age (within 3 years), and socioeconomic status were identified and 1 was selected for the follow-up study. As follow-up proceeded, when a family of an exposed child moved or no longer participated, the corresponding control child was not examined. If a control child moved, one of the remaining 2 control children was invited.
The study has been approved by the several relevant committees on research risk during its duration, most recently by the committee on the protection of human subjects at National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. We obtained verbal consent from the parents and offered a small cash reimbursement (approximately$15 US). We asked for assent from children 10 years and older. Participation in this study did not affect the eligibility of the family for ongoing or subsequent care provided by the government for victims of Yucheng. The exposed child and his or her control child were given the WISC-R on the same day by the same examiner. All examiners held a bachelor's degree in either special education or psychology. The supervising psychologist(N.-W.G.) trained the examiners. The Chinese version of the Achenbach CBCL and the Rutter scales were administered to parents as interviews. In 1995, the examiner also administered a demographic questionnaire.
The examiners were not specifically told of the exposure status of the family. However, some of the parents still had a distinctive skin condition related to their exposure, and some mentioned their exposure to the examiners. The exposed families were aware that they were participating in a follow-up study of the exposed children. The control families were told that they were participating in a general study of child development and behavior.
We used the CBCL13 to obtain standardized parental reports on children's behavioral and emotional problems. The CBCL contains 118 specific behavioral and emotional problem items and 2 open-ended problem items. The responses were recorded as 0 if the parents reported that the problem item was not true of the child, 1 if the item was somewhat or sometimes true, and 2 if it was very true or often true. The parents were asked to score each item that described the child at the time the test was administered or within the previous 6 months. By summing 1s and 2s on all problem items, 8 syndromes, 2 second-order factors (internalizing and externalizing), and a total problem score were created. A Chinese version of the CBCL was used in this study. It has acceptable reliability and ability to discriminate between mainland Chinese children who were or were not referred for behavior problems.14 The CBCL scores are not normally distributed and so were transformed to T scores with a mean of 50 in the control children and an SD of 10, using the pooled (exposed and control) mean and collapsing over year of examination.
The Rutter Child Behavior Scale A15 is a parental questionnaire used to identify children likely to show some behavioral or emotional disorder; the 3 sections concern health problems, habits, and behaviors. We had used it in children younger than its minimum age of 9 years in the previous report on behavior in this cohort11 and had therefore added a "not applicable" category. It is designed for school children older than 9 years; although it overlaps the CBCL age range (4-16 years), it focuses more on problem behaviors. In our data, the correlation between CBCL and Rutter total scores was 0.44, and so they appear to capture somewhat different domains. We had also reported the results of a modified Werry-Weiss-Peters scale for activity,11 but the data for the older children had many answers missing or inapplicable and for the younger children there was much overlap with the CBCL, so we do not report those data herein.
We used the Chinese version of the WISC-R, which yielded verbal and performance scales, and combined them into a full-scale IQ.
After follow-up of these children from 1985 through 1992, we reported that the exposed children had more behavior problems11 and lower IQs10 than control children, and that the children born up to 6 years after their mothers were exposed were as severely affected as those born soon after the exposure took place. In addition, we had seen no narrowing of the difference between the exposed and control groups as they got older. To test whether this remained true with 3 more years of follow-up, we first used paired t tests to examine the cross-sectional differences in behavior scores and IQ between exposed children and control children, and then used multivariate mixed models designed for longitudinal data with repeated measures.16 These mixed models account for the correlations in tests scores when the same child is observed repeatedly, and they allow simultaneous estimation and statistical testing of multiple parameters. For these data, we were interested in effects of exposure, sex, and age of the child. We can also test for interaction between exposure and age, which measures whether the effect of exposure changed as the child aged, and between exposure and year of birth, which measures whether the effect of exposure changed if the child was born longer after the mother's exposure in 1978 to 1979. Mixed-model analyses were performed by SAS PROC MIXED procedure (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Fixed class variables in these models were subject identifier, sex, and exposure, and random variables included age and year of birth. All tests are 2-tailed.
One hundred fifteen of the original 118 matched pairs of study children completed follow-up until 1991, 12 years after the exposure. We found and interviewed the families of 112 pairs (mean ± SD age, 10.1 ± 2 years; 51% male) in 1992, 100 (mean age, 11.3 ± 2 years; 51% male) in 1993, 105 (mean age, 12.5 ± 2 years; 52% male) in 1994, and 96 (mean age, 13.4 ± 2 years; 48.% male) in 1995 (Table 1). The smaller numbers are due to loss of exposed children. In addition, 1 control child dropped out each year, but we substituted for them with 1 of the other 2 control children originally identified in 1984. The exposed and control groups in 1995 did not differ significantly in terms of paternal educational levels (primary school, middle school, high school, some college and beyond, or unknown; χ23 = 1.60, P = .81), occupational status (farmer, worker, business, other, or unknown; χ24 = 1.89, P = .76), marital status of parents (married, divorced, widowed, or unknown; χ23 = 1.16, P =.76), or which family member was interviewed for the behavior scales (mother, father, or others; χ22 = 3.97, P = .14).
In 1992, exposed children scored significantly higher on CBCL internalizing(t109 = 2.81, P =.006), externalizing (t109 = 2.93, P = .004), and total scale (t109 = 3.25, P = .002) and on the Rutter scale(t111 = 4.05, P<.001) than their control children, but significantly lower on full-scale IQ (t112 = 2.50, P = .01). Very similar patterns were found for most behavior scales and full-scale IQ from 1993 through 1995 (Table 1).
For each psychological outcome, we constructed a multivariate mixed model that included age at testing, sex, and birth year. For the CBCL, the exposed children scored 2.8 points higher (P = .002) in a model in which boys scored 2.5 points higher (P =.006). The effect of age was small and not significant (−0.06 points per year; P = .80). Separate models for the internalizing and externalizing subscales gave similar results (Table 2). Interaction analyses on age by exposure showed that CBCL scale scores (total, β = −0.63, t151 = 1.74, P = .08; internalizing, β= −0.71, t170 = 1.90, P = .06; externalizing, β = −0.52, t156 = 1.47, P = .14) declined with advancing age in exposed children, but the interactions were marginally or not significant. The interactions between year of birth and exposure were small and not significant(total scale, β = 0.49, t167 = 1.07, P = .29; internalizing, β = 0.54, t187 = 1.13, P = .26; externalizing, β= 0.33, t168 = 0.73, P = .46).
For the Rutter scale, the exposed children scored 6 points higher (P<.001) in a model in which boys scored 2 points higher(P<.001). There was a 0.7-point per year decline in scores with age (P = .002) and a similar decline with advancing year of birth (P = .05). The age × exposure interaction was significant (−0.6 additional point per year decline in those exposed; P = .02) (Table 3), but not the year of birth × exposure interaction(β = 0.59, t210 = 1.92, P = .06).
For the WISC, the exposed children scored 3 points (P = .05) lower than control children; there were significant main effects of age (0.67-point per year increase; P<.001) but not sex (girls were 0.4 point higher; P = .80) or year of birth (0.1 point per year; P = .84) (Table 3). The interaction terms for age × exposure (β = 0.15, t189 =0.40, P = .69) and year of birth × exposure(β = −0.30, t299 = 0.35, P = .72) were small and not significant.
We found that children born to mothers who were PCB-poisoned in 1979 continued to have mild but statistically significant effects on their behavior when tested in 1992 to 1995, when the children were up to 17 years old. On the Rutter scale, the statistically significant interaction between exposure and age is evidence of recovery, at a rate that is about the same size as the normal improvement in this test as the children age. On the CBCL, there is only marginal evidence of recovery. The lack of a significant interaction term between year of birth and exposure implies that even the youngest children, those born in 1985, are as severely affected as those born in 1979, right after the poisoning of their mothers. For cognitive function, we estimate a 3-point difference between the exposed and control groups, which is stable as the children age and the same in the younger and older children. Together with our previous observations,10 these data suggest that exposed children have a mild cognitive deficit up to at least 16 years of age.
The advantage of studies in the exposed cohort in general has been the etiologic clarity offered by the high exposure. The poisonings in Japan and Taiwan, although public health disasters, have provided some of the clearest evidence about the toxic side effects for human beings of these very widely dispersed agents. In this study, we have lengthy follow-up with relatively few children unavailable, evaluation with instruments that are standard and interpretable in both clinical and community-derived groups of children, reasonable standardization data for the Chinese instruments, and evaluations of both the children's cognitive and behavioral function. The serial examinations coupled with longitudinal analysis techniques allow parsimonious data analysis with simultaneous testing of the hypotheses of interest.
We do not have individual exposure information from the children or the mothers. It is possible to measure PCBs and PCDFs in the fat of blood or adipose tissue. At the time that the study was started, the sample volume requirements for analyses were too high to be useful for children. We collected and analyzed a few samples on a pilot basis, but we had many samples in which the concentrations of PCBs and PCDFs were below the limit of detection and so obtained little quantitative information.17 We have no data from teachers or from clinical interviews of the children themselves, which might be helpful in interpreting the importance of behavior abnormalities reported by parents in school-aged children and adolescents. The number of children who were affected is fortunately small. The method of analysis that we used, while it allows estimation of both age and cohort effects, assumes linearity for the main effects and multiplicative interaction. Thus, for example, if there were recovery but not until the children reached a certain age, the models might not detect it. In addition, the models do not take full advantage of the matching, and thus for any specific age, they may not be as sensitive as a simple, paired comparison.
Behavior and activity levels, IQ, and school performance have been evaluated in several cohorts exposed perinatally to background levels of PCBs, including one in Michigan, one in North Carolina, and one in the Netherlands. In Michigan, when the children were 4 years of age, a composite activity rating was not related to prenatal PCB exposure, but reduced activity was found among children with higher 4-year serum PCB levels.18 Those children had been breastfed for more than 1 year by mothers with above-average breast milk PCB levels. Breast-feeding has the potential to transfer much more of these chemicals to the child than does transplacental exposure, and the serum PCB levels in the 4-year-old children were related to the children's breastfeeding history and not their prenatal exposure. Among 395 Dutch children studied at age 42 months, there was a 3-point deficit on Kaufman preschool assessment battery scales among children at the high end of background prenatal exposure.19 Cognitive function was measured among the 10-year-olds in Michigan, and those with the highest prenatal exposure to PCBs had full-scale IQ scores about 6 points lower than the children with less exposure.20
In North Carolina, using information abstracted from report cards from grades 3 and 4, children with higher PCB exposure, either prenatally or through breast milk, had fewer unsatisfactory marks on their work habits and conduct than those with lower exposures, but the associations were weak and not statistically significant. School grades were unaffected.21 There was no association between prenatal or postnatal PCB exposure and symptoms of hyperactivity reported by the parents.22
Behavioral alterations appear in animals exposed perinatally to PCBs. The most consistent finding is hyperactivity among animals exposed to PCBs in utero, and it was observed in mice, male rats, and rhesus monkeys.2 One group of rhesus monkeys that had been exposed to PCBs perinatally was hyperactive at 6 and 12 months of age but was hypoactive at 44 months.23
The continued mild behavioral disorder and cognitive deficits in these children is likely due to the persistence of the chemicals in their mothers, resulting in in utero PCB and PCDF exposure long after the exposure to the mother ceased. The biological mechanism by which PCBs and PCDFs cause behavioral and cognitive toxicity is unclear and is an area of ongoing laboratory investigation. In the intact animal, behavior and learning have been affected by perinatal PCB exposure in all species tested.2 Recent investigations have shown changes in hippocampal long-term potentiation, a fundamental plasticity process that reflects the neurophysiologic and biochemical changes that support learning at the synaptic level.24 One other possible mechanism is that the planar dioxinlike congeners alter brain corticosteroid levels during development, which changes brain organization and the regulation of dopaminergic systems.25 The PCBs or possibly their hydroxylated metabolites can interfere with thyroid hormone and estrogen signaling.24
Even though PCBs have not been manufactured since the late 1970s, all PCB-containing equipment will have to be disposed of in some way, and there will continue to be a risk of exposure to workers and the general population through accidents, improper disposal practices, transport of equipment containing huge amount of PCBs, and contaminated animals and food. Prenatal PCB exposure can cause behavioral alterations at levels that do not cause clinical symptoms, but the effect is small and difficult to study. The exposed children are the only well-documented cohort with sufficient in utero PCB and PCDF exposure to cause obvious toxic effects. The behavioral and cognitive findings of this cohort may help us to understand the toxic effects of background PCB exposure and also provide new evidence for the causative link between prenatal exposure to toxic substances and behavioral and cognitive problems in children and adolescents.
Submitted for publication April 24, 2001; final revision received December 21, 2001; accepted January 18, 2002.
This study was supported by a series of grants from the National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan (NSC74-0301-H002-29, NSC76-0301-H002-09, NSC77-0301-H002-24, NSC78-0301-H006-03, NSC79-0301-H006-02, NSC80-0301-H006-07, NSC81-0421-B006-03YZ, NSC82-0421-B006-065YZ, NSC83-0421-B006-046YZ, and NSC84-2621-B006-010YZ).
We thank James Ware, PhD, for his contribution to the statistical analysis.
Corresponding address and reprints: Yueliang Leon Guo, MD, PhD, Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center, 61 Shiao Tong Rd, Tainan, Taiwan (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com).


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I haven't seen him in a year, and granted cameras are not the best things to go off,but has Ogle got smaller?
Either that oor Grispi could be huge. Just on all the videos and pics i've seen they look totally different weight classes.
3-2-0 Pro Fighter managed by TFL Sports Agency
just different body types I guess. This is defo a loser goes home fight. Grispi, if on form will definately take the fight. Dont think it will be the most exciting fight as I reckon most of it will be spent with Grispi on top doing not much else and just shooting in for the takedown. The only way I can see Ogle winning if Grispi's cardio is suspect and could take it in the 3rd.
If you didn't see it with your own eyes, or hear it with your own ears, don't invent it with your small mind and share it with your big mouth!


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LONG BEACH — Until Wednesday, the closest Matthew Daines had been to the new Boeing Co. 787 Dreamliner was with computer drawings of the commercial airplane. | PHOTOS: PC | MOBILE
For the past few years, the Long Beach-based engineer had been traveling to Everett, Wash., to work on the dream project.
"We got to size and design the structural parts of the airplane, whether it be the fuselage, the wing, the horizontal stabilizer," said Daines, who also works on the C-17 military aircraft produced in Long Beach. "You work on your section and interface with other sections, but you don't ever really get to see it put together until today. ... It gives you a real sense of pride and accomplishment. It's an amazing feeling."
Dozens of Boeing employees who worked on the 787 commercial airplane project got to see the end result of their handiwork Wednesday, joining state, local and Boeing officials to celebrate and tour the 787 Dreamliner at the C-17 plant in Long Beach.
The stop in Long Beach is part of the 787's six-month Dream Tour, which continues in Salt Lake City today.
With the C-17 and the 787 nose-to-nose in the backdrop, Bob Ciesla, vice president and C-17 program manager, called the event "a historic day in aviation history."
"Today, we celebrate a continuation of Boeing's rich aerospace legacy in Southern California that began more than 90 years ago," he said.
Among those in attendance was Gov. Jerry Brown, who made a quick remark about the 787 program, which was launched in April 2004.
"It's putting California right out in front and keeping America No. 1 in world aviation," Brown said.
Mike Fleming, vice president of 787 services and support, said the company set out many years ago to create an airplane that was quieter, 20 percent more fuel-efficient and more passenger-friendly.
"We needed the best of the best to be able to accomplish those things," he said. "Together, we pulled from all across the Boeing corporation, along with our partners all across the world, to go achieve that, and we brought that to market today with the 787."
Fleming thanked the California workers and suppliers who contributed to the creation of the Dreamliner.
Nearly 300 Long Beach engineers worked full-time on the 787, the first mid-size, fuel-efficient airplane capable of flying long-range routes.
"I went up to Everett, and saw these planes being tested, and sometimes it was just a wing," said Sheri Festa, a structural analyst in Long Beach. "To see it all put together here is unbelievable."
The 787 Dreamliner showcases the latest in airplane technology and design. Features include larger windows, electronic dimming system to adjust the amount of light entering the cabin and mood lighting to help passengers adjust their body clocks according to the change in time zones. Cabin pressure is 2,000 feet closer to ground level and the air purification system is cleaner and healthier.
Fifty-nine customers from six continents have placed orders for 870 airplanes valued at over $178 billion, making it the most successful twin-aisle launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeing's history, according to Boeing.
"I definitely think this is the future," said pilot Captain William Mnich. "And I think the marketplace seems to agree that this is hitting a real sweet spot in the need for a long-range airplane that hauls comfortably 230 to 240 passengers over a long distance. We can connect almost any two cities on earth within 8,000 miles of each other and I think there's a lot of room in that market right now in the world."
email@example.com, 562-714-2088, twitter.com/KarenMeeksPT


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Operating System: BT5 - Gnome 64-Bit
I was following instructions on how to get spotify to work with wine. For example one thing I did was tweak some ALCS option in the audio section in the configure wine menu option. But now I noticed that when I go to Applications -> Wine -> Configure wine, it no longer opens at all. A reboot didn't fix it so I just performed a removal, and re-installation of wine through repositories but I still have the same problem that it won't even open. Also when I try to open notepad which is the only program I have in the Wine -> Programs -> Accessories menu, that doesn't open as well.
Anybody have any ideas what I should do?


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admin Neuesten Modernen Haus, 2017-03-22 16:29:19. Source: sylviatownsendwarner.com Source: sylviatownsendwarner.com Source: schreinerei-baumgartner.ch Source: www.mayer-moebel.de Source: www.pinterest.com Source: www.daenischesbettenlager.de Source: sylviatownsendwarner.com Source: www.pinterest.com Source: sylviatownsendwarner.com Source: deutchdeko.com
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EDITORIALS>>Huck GOPs best hope?
Occasionally, they catch another side of him, his propensity to exaggerate or to just make things up. In the Florida debate over the weekend, Huckabee was driving home his credentials as the most zealous social conservative. He linked his anti-abortion stance with the Declaration of Independences promise of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The people who signed Jeffersons declaration, he added, were brave people most of whom, by the way, were clergymen like himself.
Not quite, the St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times, wrote. One out of 64 is not most. The only clergyman was John Witherspoon, a Presbyterian minister who was president of the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University. A large number its impossible to say whether it was most were not even traditional Christians but Deists.
But it was a forgivable gaffe, one largely ignored in the reporting on the debate. The governor has been guilty of more serious whoppers his tax record in Arkansas and his softness for rapist/killer Wayne Dumond come to mind but he gets a pass on these matters. Why bother to check on the accuracy of an also-ran candidates claims of what he did back in his state when the major candidates are stretching their own records beyond recognition?
If its true that Huckabee is climbing into the top tier of candidates he will need to become more circumspect. The unadulterated truth and nothing but is the right thing to do and the best political strategy. We hope he is capable of it.


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Family: Girl Said Uzi Was 'Too Much' for Her
Get the latest from 24/7 News on iHeartRadio
(NEWSER) – The family of a 9-year-old girl who accidentally killed a shooting range instructor in Arizona last week rushed to check she was OK after losing control of the Uzi and didn't notice the instructor had been shot until another employee ran over, according to a sheriff's office report.
The girl's parents told investigators that the girl said the weapon, which had been set to fully automatic, was "too much for her and hurt her shoulder," reports the Arizona Republic. The other instructor told police "that he saw the girl shoot the weapon and due to the recoil, the weapon went straight up in the air."
Instructor Charles Vacca, 39, was killed by a single bullet to the head, and transcripts of 911 calls have been released in which callers from the shooting range plead for help for the injured man, the New York Times reports. "We need a helicopter," one caller said. "An ambulance ain't gonna work." He died shortly after being transported to a Las Vegas medical center.
Read the full story on Newser.com


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Brimming with beauty and history along South Carolina's Atlantic Coast, Georgetown County and its charming communities offer you the perfect escape for fun and relaxation. Come, explore our pristine beaches, picturesque waterways and marshes, fascinating marine wildlife, world-class golfing, historic places & museums, intimate dining, quaint shops and memorable family activities.
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Just a short distance from other bustling vacation destinations, Georgetown County remains a quiet oasis of natural beauty, preserved history and an easy, relaxed way of life.
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"the Shoe"
OSU football stadium wedding cake for about 300 guests! beast! all buttercream except for the scoreboard which is gumpaste with printed pics on it. coulda done better of course but it was huge and I was on my own making it so the details are sadly lacking. but they loved it and that is what's important!
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Eight Quarterbacks Named Manning Award Stars of the Week
Monday, October 15, 2012
The Manning Award, sponsored by the Allstate Sugar Bowl, has named eight quarterbacks as its "Stars of the Week." College football fans can now go to the Allstate Sugar Bowl Facebook page to vote for what they think was the best performance from this past weekend. When voting closes on Thursday at 11 a.m. (Central), the top vote-getter will be announced as the Manning Award Player of the Week.
Colby Cameron, Louisiana Tech
Devin Combs, Nevada
Seth Doege, Texas Tech
Ryan Griffin, Tulane
Jordan Lynch, Northern Illinois
Johnny Manziel, Texas A&M
Cody Vaz, Oregon State
Tyler Wilson, Arkansas


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By Rick Steves
Wedged between Germany and Austria, the Czech Republic is one of the most comfortable and easy-to-explore countries of the former Warsaw Pact.
And if you venture into towns and villages away from Prague, you'll find undiscovered historic districts, authentic cuisine and a simple joy of life.
Trebon, a well-preserved town south of Prague, is centered around an inviting Renaissance square. Its claim to fame is its nearby biosphere of artificial lakes that date back to the 14th century.
Over the years, people have transformed what was a flooding marshland into a clever combination of lakes, oak-lined dikes, wild meadows, Baroque villages, peat bogs and pine woods.
Rather than unprofitable wet fields, the nobles wanted ponds that swarmed with fish — and today Trebon remains the fish-raising capital of the Czech Republic.
The city is all about fish: On the main square, the bank has a statue of a man holding a big fish over its door. Another statue honors the town's 15th-century megalomaniac lake-builder Jakub Krcin (now considered a hero since his medieval lakes absorbed enough water to save Trebon from a 2002 flood that ravaged Prague).
When you come here, you have to eat fish. So I ordered all the appetizers on the menu of a local eatery tapas-style: "soused" (must mean "pickled") herring, fried loach, "stuffed carp sailor fashion," cod liver, pike caviar and something my Czech friend and guide, Honza, translated as "fried carp sperm."
Trebon is also renowned for its spa, where people come from near and far to soak in peaty water. Soaking in the black, smelly peat sludge is thought to cure aching joints and spines.
The big, busy town of Trebic is another Czech gem with a wonderful main square. Just over the river is its historic Jewish district.
Trebic's Jewish settlement was always relatively small, and only 10 Trebic Jews survived the Holocaust. What's left, though lonely and neglected, is amazingly authentic. The houses have been essentially frozen in time.
Among the 100 or so preserved buildings are two synagogues, a town hall, a rabbi's house, a poorhouse, a school and a hospital.
In the 1970s, the ghetto was slated for destruction; the communists wanted to replace it with an ugly high-rise housing complex. But because the land proved unable to support a huge building project, the neighborhood survived.
Today, it's protected by the government as the largest preserved Jewish quarter in Europe.
One of the most moving sights is its cemetery. This evocative memorial park is covered with spreading ivy, bushes of wild strawberries and a commotion of 4,000 gravestones (the oldest dating back to 1631).
Parts of Europe are getting crowded, tense, seedy, polluted, industrialized, hamburgerized and far from the everything-in-its-place, fairy-tale land so many travelers are seeking.
But traveling along Czech byways, you'll enjoy traditional towns and villages, great prices, a friendly and gentle countryside dotted by nettles and wild poppies, and almost no Western tourists.


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the same could be said about girls in many shounen mangas....
procrastinating like crazy!
yeah i totally agree with wat u just said..y do they automatically make the girls like that?
its annoying coz the girl also has to be saved by the guy..and the guy somehow comes in the most dramatic moment! so predictable!
holidays!!! yay XDD
but most of it are true u dont even know how many girls ive been with that have the same characteristics like the anime girls in shojo its funny too because most of the time i ignore them or treat them like crap and still end on liking me lol (i hope i dont sound evil cause im really not lol)
Add me on Psn Acor57
To say the truth i prefer females with some power, cuz seeing a guy rescue the weak girl does get annoying, these in my opinion brings up the 50/50 relation. I prefer some female characters able to kick on par with male characters but not completely dominate them, but maybe sometimes. On most part the aspect of a shonen manga invovles a female with either a weak persona or big-boobed female with a sexual attitude. I prefer to some female with male oriented powers such as a female with a dark dragon blade of black fire. Not some pink fire with small fireballs and sparkles....Cuz in real life the guy and girl has stepped into the others realm, so i would like to see some more animes/mangas/movies to invovle the genders to intertwine with each others powers
It says im on, but im off
I used to like shojo mangas but it got lame as i read more. They're 90% idiotic and innocent that it annoys me! I feel sorry for all the male leads (which are why i read them). oh well, at least i get to look at bishies, I'm cool with that.
Ouran, is another case, for one thing, Haruhi is certainly not stupid!!
AND Tamaki is the cutest character ever!!!!!!
This trait of the girls' personalities seems to be fanservice to male anime watchers to me. Maybe this is what the males want to see lol But oh, I don't like these girls as well. They don't seem to have a personality.
(No offence to any anime character or their fans =d)
Thats really true thats why gende-bender can be pretty good....the girls are usually pretty strong! I also love it when the characters are tom boys like Your My Girlfriend Or Special A I find it funny when the girl is a tom boy cause there usually not weak...OR if the girl is really stupid bu TOUGH try to read those once in a while there really refreshing!
New years new fears hopefully some new dears XD
yea always the same *ahem*
guy loves girl. shes way too stupid to realize. when he tells her she doesnt believe him and thinks its a joke. -keeps acting stupid-. falls in lvoe at the wayyy end of story.
but a shoujo i liked was bokura ga ita :]
sorry for late replies :)
sofreakinazn wrote:
yea always the same *ahem*
guy loves girl. shes way too stupid to realize. when he tells her she doesnt believe him and thinks its a joke. -keeps acting stupid-. falls in lvoe at the wayyy end of story.
but a shoujo i liked was bokura ga ita :]
Ditto that. Even Shugo Chara is like that...with Ikuto and Amu.
But you know what the DEFINITION of a -cough- annoying shoujo manga is?
Parfait Tic.
Not that all Shoujo manga is bad...but this one was crazy.
♪,☆'s, & ♥
We need more heroines like Shana (Shakugan no Shana) she is so kick-ass but then she falls for Yuji... but she's still cool...
I hate it when the girl is ALWAYS perfect, weak, clumsy, the loner, dense, the bullied, or just anything we girls aren't! Who said girls can't fight a couple guys?
It makes girls look bad. Have you seen shoujo mangas where the girl is really dumb and has the guy study with her? IT SHOULD BE THE OTHER WAY AROUND! Err not to be mean or anything, really.
It's always the pimp that likes the quiet and shy girl huh?
The people below me will always be below me.
Most girls in shoujo manga's I've read are like the stereotypes devilgirl posted...but there are always the few exceptions. Like Otokomae Bead Club, the female heroine is insanely strong so...
scarlet_09112 wrote:
I have read lots of Shoujo Manga's and noticed that girls are portrayed as weak, vulnerable and somehow lacks even common sense (Stupid!). I really hate it, they treat girls like objects, like a doll a guy can use and abuse whichever way they want and the girls still end up falling for them vice versa. But Im getting so tired of this kind of plot.
Im hoping that it would change, although there are a few shoujo's with strong heroines you can only count them within your hands fingers. Im just saying that in some scenes they could've either fought back, call for help, find an ally or reject guys but no, they just lay there like a dying fish out of water. We can do more than that right girls?
I dont want to offend any readers who enjoy reading this kind of plot. Dont get me wrong, I still read Shoujo's till now...with a little sour face and disappointment. So, my fellow ladies what do you think? Im sure the guys enjoy parts where they overpower helpless girls...its their nature. lol JK Girl power!
i agree that almost all the girls in shoujo are super weak and can almost never do anything by themself but its how shoujo is the girls will always end up with a smart, big, muscular,rich and or famous guy that they just met like 3 hours ago but i just came to the idea that its the opposite from other anime where the guy can never get to the girl and always gets his ass kicked by her...and when the guy goes on her and she starts saying no ,yes if its when they just met she should fight back but after ur like in chapter 20 and theyre about to do it and she says no i dont really think she really means it so i dont see how theyre just dolls that guys can use to abuse
yeahh.. they are weak.. but it's aso because of that, that the boys in shoujo.. are really damn handsome.. sometimes i thing why hot guys always on mangas..? --____--..
cookiii x_x
It's not my favorite, but I'd read some. Like there are some stories that get SO overused, where the girl likes the guy or the guy likes the girl or popular guy with not so popular girl or something like that. There needs to be more variety. So normally, I just go for the different and not "school life" genre series like Amatsuki or Natsume Yuujinchou. It's those types of shoujo series I like.
Big Bang (TOP and Taeyang) are the best stress relievers....and procrastinati...
I love school life genres but most of them just get plain annoying...you know the typical weak and shy girl thats in love with the popular guy. So i prefer manga like Special A or Cat Street. Where the girls aren't soo you know...wimpy like.


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What to eat – and what to avoid – to lower your blood pressure Add to ...
The Globe and Mail
Last updated
Watch More Video:
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Catching a cold? These diet tips can help you fight it off
Stop right there! Tips on how to avoid overeating
Healthy foods to fuel your child's brain
Am I drinking enough water each day?
The scoop on ice cream: Which treats are worth the calories
Time to fire up the grill - but how do you keep BBQ'd food healthy?
Are you breaking these food-safety rules?


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Contrary to the Hollywood stereotype, most burglaries are not planned weeks in advance by grizzled criminal masterminds. 80% of burglars are green opportunists who choose their targets on the spur of the moment, using gut instinct and telltale signs as a guide.
Recognizing and avoiding the signs that scream target to neighborhood criminals is an effective way of making a property less vulnerable to burglary.
Basic Precautions
First, before even thinking about how secure their property is, residents must adopt the routine of making sure that all windows and doors are securely locked when they go out and when they go to bed.
For many this is patently obvious, but remarkably 1 in 5 burglaries dont involve any force, it is just intruders taking advantage of lax security, such as an open door or window. Ultimately it doesnt matter how good the locks are, if theyre not put to use then theyre worthless.
Don't Tempt a Thief
Through a Burglar's Eyes
A good way of judging the security of a property is to try looking at it as if through the eyes of a burglar. If you were attempting a break-in, where would be the best place? Is there a rotten window at the back that wouldn't put up any resistance if it is forced? Is there a side door that someone could shoulder open without being seen? This is a good method of assessing what a property's vulnerable spots are. Once the weak points have been determined, then efforts can be made to eliminate them.
Targeting the Outside
If Your Home Is Broken Into
If you come home to find an unexplained open/broken window or door:
Other precautions you should take:
InterLinc | City of Lincoln | City Departments


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You can help by adding some relevant images or discussing changes on the talk page.
- ― Niko Bellic calling a taxi while drunk, becoming a famous quote in the series.
The Taxi is a four-door sedan-based taxicab featured, in some form, in every Grand Theft Auto game, (with the exceptions of GTA London and Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars, where the London Cab and the Cabbie are the only present taxis respectively). It is manufactured by Vapid and Declasse in the HD Universe.
Distinguishable by its yellow livery, it is often one of the most common vehicles on the road. In the 3D Universe games and Grand Theft Auto V, the Taxi can be used to perform taxi side-missions.
2D Universe
In Grand Theft Auto 1, there are three versions of the Taxi, each one seen in each of the three main cities:
- The Liberty City version is based on the Portsmouth.
- The San Andreas version is based on the Vulture.
- The Vice City version is based on the Flamer.
The Taxi in Grand Theft Auto 2 is similar to a rounded Checker Taxi, with the checkered stripe crossing the roof longitudinally.
3D Universe
From Grand Theft Auto III onward, the Taxi is usually based on the same model as the Police car from its respective game:
- In Grand Theft Auto III, the Taxi resembles a cross between a 4th generation Chevrolet Caprice and a 1st generation Ford Crown Victoria with overall body design from the 1987-1992 Toyota Corona. There are minor variants available, with darker bumpers and different taxi lights.
- In Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, the Taxi is a Ford LTD look-alike.
- In Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, the Taxi is based on the Premier, designed after the 4th generation 1991-96 Chevrolet Caprice with boxy style
- The Taxi in Grand Theft Auto Advance has little indication of which car it is based on, but is generally more boxy in design when compared to the game's police vehicle.
- The taxis in Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories are largely identical to the GTA III and GTA Vice City renditions, respectively. The GTA Liberty City Stories rendition may appear with yellow, black, or gray bumpers, as well as two types of TAXI signs, a traditional one with the writing on the sides, and one with orange lights on the sides and the writing facing forwards.
Grand Theft Auto IV
There are two different taxi sedans in Grand Theft Auto IV that appears randomly in the city:
- The first one, built by Declasse, is based on the Merit, which is based on the 2000-2005 Chevrolet Impala.
- The second one is based on a Stanier, built by Vapid, and is influenced strongly by the second generation Mercury Grand Marquis, with frontal design cues more similar to a 1998–2011 model.
The Vapid taxi shares the same body design as the LCPD Police and NOOSE Cruisers, and its chassis is not used in any non-fleet car (although the civilian variant appears in GTA V). The taxis share the same rim design as the LCPD cars and NOOSE trucks.
While the Taxis come standard with regular taxi lights, some have rooftop advertisements for "WTF", "Banging Trash Can Lids for an Hour", "Conjoined Twins", "The Science Of Crime", and Weazel News, both of which can detach in collisions. Both models contain a medallion on the front hood, which is used to indicate that New York City Taxi is licensed to pick up passengers; they also have a red marker on the back left. Vapid Taxis may also have yellow, grey, or black bumpers, much like the Taxis in GTA Liberty City Stories.
Players can enter Taxis in GTA IV and, for a fee, take taxi rides to destinations, which is often a quicker alternative to driving themselves.
Warning: in The Ballad of Gay Tony, using a taxi during missions will often result in the completion challenges for that mission being voided due to being able to bypass the time limit using one.
Liberty City taxis are based on older generation NYC Taxis, with the minivan version bearing the same markings.
Grand Theft Auto V
The taxis in Grand Theft Auto V are now based on a second generation Stanier and appears as the public transport's primary car, as well as the only car model seen in the game. These are operated by the Downtown Cab Co. taxi company, appearing in a yellow and blue scheme. Similar to the GTA IV equivalents, the Taxi will appear with regular taxi lights or with rooftop advertisements, as well as the red markers.
Downtown Cab Company taxis have a very similar design to those of the Checkered Cab Company, Los Angeles.
Current Design Gallery
Version History Gallery
2D Universe
Early renditions of the Taxi are generally undesirable due to their mediocre performance. While differing between cities and partially based on muscle vehicles, GTA 1's taxis are generally slow, but compensate with good steering. In GTA 2 the opposite is the case, with moderate speed but sluggish controls, inferior to the Taxi Xpress. Both games' renditions have moderate crash endurance.
3D Universe
Although the appearance of the Taxi between GTA III and GTA Vice City Stories varies drastically, the Taxi's performance in these games may be described as all-round average. With moderate speed, moderate acceleration, light construction, moderate endurance, capable steering, and stable cornering (all traits which are helpful during Taxi Driver missions), the Taxi is generally an acceptable vehicle to drive.
The vehicle is also front wheel drive, reducing the chances of tailspins when cornering and allowing the vehicle to perform 180-degree turns backwards or forward with ease.
The GTA III rendition of the Taxi possesses almost identical handling properties to that of the Kuruma. However, the Taxi does not suffer from the stiff suspension and heavy kerb weight the Kuruma has.
3D Universe Overview
(0-60 mph in Seconds)
|Top Speed
(mph / kmh)
(kg / lbs)
|112 / 180
|1450 / 3197
|Cannot be observed
Grand Theft Auto IV
The Declasse Merit-based taxi's acceleration is very good, and the top speed is above average. The brakes have been upgraded over the regular Merit, requiring a shorter stopping distance and thus reducing the risk of being ejected through the windshield after a frontal impact. The suspension has also had an upgrade, making this vehicle corner more effectively at speed. Crash deformation is acceptable, and the cab can survive a few frontal hits before failing.
The Vapid Stanier-based Taxi's acceleration is good, and the top speed is above average. Its braking and suspension are very good, identical to that of the Police Cruiser; ABS is standard, and the suspension easily handles cornering and smooths out the bumpy roads of Liberty City. Crash deformation is good, and the vehicle can sustain multiple frontal impacts before failing.
Despite the apparent differences, both are powered by an Inline-4 engine, coupled to a 5-speed gearbox in a rear-wheel drive layout. The only visual difference is that the Declasse model has two cam pulleys visible and the layouts are different.
GTA IV Overview
(0-60 mph in Seconds)
|Top Speed
(mph / kmh)
(kg / lbs)
|84 / 135
|1900 / 4189
|FR Inline-4 (In-game model)
|Cannot be observed
(0-60 mph in Seconds)
|Top Speed
(mph / kmh)
(kg / lbs)
|84 / 135
|1900 / 4189
|FR DOHC Inline-4 (In-game model, Declasse variant)
|Cannot be observed
Grand Theft Auto V
The taxi in GTA V is the second-generation Vapid Stanier, and is powered by what sounds to be a lower power V8 (however, the in-game model is incorrectly laid as an Inline-4), coupled to 5 speed gearbox in RWD layout. Like the Police Cruiser, acceleration is good, engine durability is very good, top speed is above average, and braking is acceptable. The engine of the Taxi will emit a knocking noise whilst the vehicle is idle and when the player releases the throttle after revving the engine. This is probably to show the realism of real taxis being worn down from constantly being in use. Strangely, despite sharing the same platform and chassis as the Police Cruiser and Unmarked Cruiser, the engine sound is slightly lower in tone, making it sound much less powerful than the aforementioned versions of the car.
GTA V Overview
(0-60 mph in Seconds)
|Top Speed
(mph / kmh)
(kg / lbs)
|Fuel Tank
Size (litres)
|89 / 143
|1400 / 3086
|8.1 Seconds
|101 / 163
|FR DOHC Inline-4 (In-game model)
|Cannot be observed
|Cannot be observed
Taxi side missions
The Taxi is one of the few vehicles able to start a sidemission, in which the player can carry passengers to their destinations in a required time, resulting in a small profit for the same.
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
The Taxi is one of only a handful of public vehicles that could be customized at a modification workshop; specially, at Transfender.
The modification options (see Transfender article for pricing) of the vehicle include:
|Car Color 1 (64 different colors)
|$ 150
|Fury Scoop
|$ 150
|Champ Scoop
|$ 100
|Medium Exhaust
|$ 200
|Twin Exhaust
|$ 300
|2x Nitrous
|$ 200
|5x Nitrous
|$ 500
|10x Nitrous
|$ 1000
|$ 550
|$ 250
|$ 820
|$ 770
|$ 1000
|$ 620
|$ 1140
|Off Road Wheel
|$ 1000
|$ 1030
|$ 1230
|$ 1200
|$ 1560
|Car Stereo
|Bass Boost
|$ 100
|$ 1500
Grand Theft Auto V
- Vehicle cannot be modified at Los Santos Customs, however it can still be repaired there.
Taxi Companies
- Borgnine Taxis
- Downtown Cab Co
- Express Car Service
- Kaufman Cabs
- L.C.C. Taxis
- Mean Street Taxis
- Sunnyside Taxis
- Vice City Cabs
Image Gallery
2D Universe
3D Universe
HD Universe
Prominent Appearances in Missions
Grand Theft Auto III
- Cutting the Grass - Curly Bob takes a Taxi at Luigi's Sex Club 7 to go to the docks and meet Catalina and Miguel.
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
- The Job - The group drive to the bank with a Taxi, that can be used after to escape from police too.
- V.I.P. - You have to use your Kaufman Cab to hit the rival Taxi until your passenger gets off and enters in your cab.
- Friendly Rivalry - Three normal Taxis around the city have to be destroyed.
- Cabmaggedon - Six rival Taxis will try to destroy yours by crashing at you.
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
- In The Beginning - Carl is inside of a Taxi before he is stopped by Tenpenny.
- Snail Trail - After exiting Market Station, one of the targets takes a taxi to go to the pier.
- Driving School - The Taxi is used in one test (Spin and Go).
- Saint Mark's Bistro - Carl takes a Taxi to the bistro in Liberty City.
Grand Theft Auto 2
Grand Theft Auto III
- Parked in an alley north-west from the entrace of Salvatore's Gentlemen's Club, Saint Mark's, Portland.
- Commonly parked in Newport Multistory Car Park, Newport, Staunton Island.
- Parked in the parking lot of Francis International Airport, Shoreside Vale.
- Two parked in front of the terminal of Francis International Airport, Shoreside Vale.
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
- Occasionally spawns in the parking lot next to the North Point Mall. (Cabbies will also spawn here)
- Spawns occasionally in the parking lot near the Washington Mall.
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
- Always spawns around and in the main cities and sometimes in some parts of the state, as the Taxi is one of the most seen Public Service vehicle.
Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories
- At the Mean Street Taxis depot.
- Occasionally spawns at the top level of the Newport Multistory Car Park.
- Frequently spawns in front of the Francis International Airport. When on the road headed there, instead of turning right towards the parking lot, continue going straight towards the roundabout. It should be parked next to a Freeway beside some steps, though it may not always spawn.
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories
- Sometimes spawns in the North Point Mall parking garage.
- Rarely spawns behind the Hyman Memorial Stadium.
Grand Theft Auto IV
- Taxis are the most commonly spawning vehicles in Liberty City, and are particularly common in Downtown Broker, Francis International Airport, and throughout Algonquin, especially The Triangle and Star Junction where Taxis make up the majority of road traffic. Taxis are less common in peripheral, industrial, and suburban areas of the city; notably, taxis will rarely spawn in eastern Dukes and northern Alderney and never spawn in Acter Industrial Park (Alderney), and in parts of Bohan.
- May occasionally be parked on Asparagus Avenue in front of the LTA Headquarters.
- Can be found parked in an alley near Manganese Street and Burlesque in Star Junction, Algonquin.
- Seen parked near the construction barrier in the mission Bang Bang.
Grand Theft Auto V
- Can be called to come to the player's current location.
- Can be found at the Downtown Cab Co. depot, parked in the front lot. If Franklin purchased the property, he will take the vehicle with no police atention.
- Taxis can be found with moderate frequency around most areas of Los Santos.
- Can be found at the Oriental Theater, parked in the front spots.
- Taxis spawn most commonly in the Los Santos International Airport district, where they can often be seen pulling away from the curb outside the terminal buildings with newly arrived passengers.
- Taxis also spawn commonly in Downtown Los Santos.
- Taxis spawn fairly commonly across wealthy parts of Los Santos to the North and West of the city but are rarer in the poorer districts. Taxis will never spawn in the port areas in the far south of the city, and very rarely outside of the city itself.
Grand Theft Auto Online
- Likely due to hardware restrictions, Taxis do not spawn on the streets in GTA Online, similar to ambient cars such as the Boxville as well as patrolling Police Cruisers.
- Like in story mode, a taxi can also be called to the player's location if they have money on hand and not 'banked'.
Grand Theft Auto 2
- When crushed in the Downtown District, the Taxi will give a Double Damage powerup.
|This article or section needs to be cleaned up to meet the standards of the GTA Wiki.
- In the 3D Universe, the Taxi's engine sound is similar to that of SUVs and pickup trucks (excluding GTA San Andreas where it sounds more like higher end cars).
- In GTA III and GTA Vice City, Taxis may very rarely spawn without their roof lights. The roof will still glow as if there was a light there when Taxi missions are activated. In these cases, saving the car in a garage will not fix it.
- In GTA Liberty City Stories and GTA Vice City Stories, if the player is wasted during a mission, a taxi comes up to the hospital, and the player is prompted to get inside it. It then takes the player to the place where he received the mission.
- In some of the games in the series, Taxis' radios default to certain stations. They are as follows:
- GTA 1: Head Radio.
- GTA Vice City and GTA Vice City Stories: Espantoso or VCPR.
- GTA San Andreas: CSR 103.9.
- GTA Liberty City Stories: Radio Del Mundo.
- GTA IV: San Juan Sounds, The Beat 102.7 (Declasse Taxi); WKTT, Public Liberty Radio, Integrity 2.0, The Beat 102.7 (Vapid Taxi).
- Episodes from Liberty City: Integrity 2.0, WKTT, The Beat 102.7 (Vapid Taxi); San Juan Sounds, The Beat 102.7 (Declasse Taxi).
- GTA V: East Los FM and when hotwired, West Coast Talk Radio
- When the player steals a cab and enters it for the first time, $11 - $24 will be added to the player's wallet. This applies to Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and Grand Theft Auto IV.
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
- Taxis have white spots on the windshield due to an error in applying the vehicle's reflection map.
- Near the Escobar International Airport, a billboard stating "Take a vacation in Liberty City" can be found, showing a Taxi from Grand Theft Auto III. It is quite odd, because GTA III's Taxi is a 1990s car model, but GTA Vice City takes place in 1986.
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
- Despite the Premier and Police Car being rear wheel drive, the Taxi is front wheel drive.
Grand Theft Auto IV
- Taxi drivers tend to be vengeful. Unlike ones in Grand Theft Auto V, who flee when carjacked, these drivers exit their vehicle and assault the player if they damage the taxi; they may pull the player out of their own vehicles, or throw punches if they meet the player on foot. They also hold onto the player's car door while he or she attempts to escape, until the gaining speed forces them to let go or they get knocked off by an object. Oddly, sometimes they will pull the player out of their car, and then utter something before running back to their taxi and drive off.
- The GTA IV rendition of the Taxi originally had a black variant, as seen in the Vladimir Glebov trailer.
- The reason for removing that texture was probably for one of Niko's lines for calling taxis while drunk: "Yellow Car!".
- In GTA IV, the Vapid, Declasse, and Schyster Taxis have six different horns, differing in pitch with some with a high pitched, medium pitched, and lower pitched horns. The pitch determines how well and strong the horn sounds. The higher ranges usually are weak, mid-ranges usually have a somewhat over-blown or out of tune horn, while the lower pitches have healthy and loud horns. Five of the horns used can be traced back to civilian vehicles of different brands (such as Intruder, PMP 600, DF8-90, Primo, Patriot, etc.). A glitch sometimes happens when either taxi is stored in a parking spot and after a period of time, the horns will change no matter if it has been used or not, such as loud and healthy horns will change to the high pitched weak horns for no apparent reason. Loading any game saves changes them as well.
- All variants of the taxi, as well as the Cabby have screens that show the destination for the player, however, they will despawn if the player is not inside the car. The screens actually share code with TVs; the player can notice this if they use a trainer to spawn a taxi inside their safehouse and choose a destination, the TV will also have the destination on it.
- In GTA IV, if a taxi is stored in a parking spot with the "on hire/duty" lights illuminated on the signs, they will sometimes spawn turned off or on randomly. However advertisement signs don't react with it.
- In GTA IV, all Taxis (including Roman's) carry the registration insignia LC2708.
- In GTA IV, the lighted advertisement/"TAXI" signs on the roof of the taxis are very fragile as a minor collision is most cases is all it takes to dislodge the sign and have it break off the vehicle's roof. If it goes fllying straight, this can hurt and even kill civilians without granting a wanted level.
- In GTA IV, most of the taxi drivers are Greek. A taxi driver may "I'm Greek, you know" when held at gunpoint. They also can be heard cursing traffic in front of them with the Greek phrase "malaka", which is slang for numerous derogatory remarks.
- The turn signal in the Vapid Taxi is combined with the brake light, making it the only car in the game with a red turning light.
- If the player takes a taxi ride in GTA IV and shoots outside the car, the driver will stop the car, make a comment and then run away, leaving Niko in the back seat of the stationary vehicle. This will also happen if the LCPD are chasing the player.
- In GTA IV, when Niko takes an NPC out of the backseat of a cab, they may sometimes say, "That's my wife's car, take it!" or tell Niko it's their car.
- The Taxi based on the first generation Stanier has a brief cameo in the ingame movie for Grand Theft Auto V Meltdown which appears during the intro to the film along with the Police Patrol based on the Merit & the Cabby based on the Minivan.
Grand Theft Auto V
- In GTA V, when switching to Franklin, he will be seen being dropped off by a Taxi in front of his house while saying goodbye to a young woman in the back seat. The taxi is missing a roof sign and sometimes has no license plate text. It can be obtained by killing the driver and attempting to open the locked door, in which this taxi will respawn next to Frankin's home the next time he's there. The lady runs away and Franklin can't shoot her, but she can be still killed through other means.
- In GTA V, oddly, if you slam into the rear of a taxi with a passenger in the backseat and kill the driver in the front seat, the passenger will climb out of the backseat and flee unharmed.
- A Taxi can be seen in several screenshots and in Franklin's trailer for Grand Theft Auto V.
- In GTA V, Taxis are harder to come by than in previous games, probably reflecting the real life western United States, which sees a low demand for taxi use relative to denser East Coast cities such as New York.
- The GTA V taxi's backseat has a lot of stickers. Among these stickers is the old 255 for Liberty City Government Services sticker from the IV Taxi.
- While the logo on the trunk of the GTA V taxi says "Taxi Cab", looking at it closer at an angle shows the writing "Police Cruiser" embossed under it. This is because while the Taxi model uses a different texture for the logo, its normal map is still that of the Police Cruiser.
- Despite this, both logos appear randomized when calling for a taxi.
- In GTA V, on both backseat passengers doors, there are warnings that say "Driver carries a firearm and will use it in defense". Note that no taxi drivers in GTA V are actually armed.
- When entering a cab as a passenger in GTA V, the character may say one of the lines they normally say while carjacking someone.
- It is seen in the GTA V film Meltdown that Liberty City still use the first generation Stanier (on which the GTA IV taxi is based on) instead of the second generation Stanier featured in GTA V.
- However, this may be minor mistake in the film as it is filmed in GTA IV.
- In GTA V, if the player hops around or the rear doors are blocked, the player may ride in the front passenger seat next to the driver. Note that the cab driver still looks back as though the player was in one of the rear seats when the location is chosen, if the location is chosen again or changed, or if the cab is stopped by the player with the start/stop option.
- While riding as a passenger in a taxi in GTA V:
- If the player takes multiple trips with the same cab driver and rushes each one, the player may start yelling out of anger to go. The player also yells if the GPS location is chosen again or changed.
- If the point of view camera is on the hood view and aimed at the windshield when the driver finishes the trip, then the next time the player enters (before getting busted or wasted), the unchanged view of the dash should stay even after the location is chosen.
- It is possible for the driver to become "stuck" behind an automatic gate due to approaching it from the wrong side. The driver will stay waiting for the gate to open until the player tells the driver to hurry up, or leaves the cab.
- The player can bail out of a moving taxi, skipping out on paying the driver his fee. This will likely result in a one star wanted level.
- The driver can respond to this; "Really?"
- If the player doesn't tell the driver to hurry, the cab driver will drive much slower than other NPCs (especially on highways).
- If the player obtains a wanted level, the driver will pull over, and the player will exit. Attempts to get back in as a passenger will result in the player carjacking the cab driver.
- If the player is spotted by members of a gang that are hostile towards them (i.e. if Trevor is spotted by members of The Lost MC), they will not confront or attack the player. Instead, they will flee as if they were scared.
- If passing a random encounter involving a hitchhiker, the player can tell the cab driver to stop, allowing the hitchhiker to enter.
- If the player replays a mission, they will no longer be riding in the cab upon returning to the restore point.
- If the player tries to pick up a passenger in a damaged taxi that is missing a wheel, the passenger will not enter the car, and eventually wander off. This is most likely due to the fact that the taxi is continuously leaning over onto the ground and back off, thus simulating movement, and obviously pedestrians cannot enter the "moving" vehicle.
- In GTA Online, the players must pay the cash on hand if riding a taxi, as cash will not be paid if it's banked.
- In GTA V, if the player does not have enough money to pay the ride he will gain a wanted level and the taxi driver will likely swear at the player.
- There was possibly another Taxi model early scrapped during development, as the current Vapid model is internally named
See Also
Other taxis in the Grand Theft Auto series:
- London Cab - The British equivalent featured in Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto: London 1961.
- Taxi Xpress - Another taxi featured in Grand Theft Auto 2.
- Cabbie - The older Checker cab-style equivalent, seen in the 3D Universe and Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars.
- Cabby - A minivan taxi featured in Grand Theft Auto IV.
- Roman's Taxi - A custom black taxi used by Express Car Service.
- Cavalcade - Another taxi used by Express Car Service.
- Bickle'76 - A modified Variant of the Taxi, featured in Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories.
Civilian versions of the Taxis:
- Portsmouth, Vulture and Flamer - In Grand Theft Auto 1.
- Premier - In Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas.
- Merit - In Grand Theft Auto IV.
- Stanier - The civilian version of the GTA IV's Taxi, which appears in Grand Theft Auto V.


text:
Hank Williams biopic gets leading man
Listen to Hank Williams on iHeartRadio
A new film is in the works about the late country legend Hank Williams.
HollywoodReporter.com says British actor Tom Hiddleston has signed on to play the part of Hank Sr. in Marc Abraham's upcoming biopic I Saw The Light. Hiddleston's recent credits include the role of Loki in The Avengers and the Thor films.
Hiddleston is expected to do his own singing in the movie, which has secured the rights to such Hank Williams classics as "Hey Good Lookin'" and "Your Cheatin' Heart." Filming is expected to begin in Louisiana this fall.
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Golf lessons will also be available on April 3
On behalf of the UNLV PGA Golf Management Program, our staff and students would like to invite you to enjoy a complimentary golf lesson. Our students will be on the North Field from 10 a.m.-1 p.m. giving golf lessons. Make sure to stop by between classes!


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Good news from the Northwest
First things first: The Seattle GNU/Linux Conference — or SeaGL as it's known to all — takes place this week at Seattle Central Community College, Oct. 11-12. If you're within driving distance (yes, the 14 hours it takes me to drive to Seattle counts — as if I really need an excuse to go to the Northwest), you should make it to the last show of the year, before the FOSS community ramps it up again on this continent with SCALE 12X in February.
Also, looking northward, we got some good news this week from our friends in beautiful downtown Corvallis, Oregon.
The Oregon State University Open Source Lab — their servers are home to just about every Free/Open Source Software program on the planet and, at one time or another, you would have downloaded something from them — joins the ranks of academia at the college, according to an article in on The Oregonian web page this week.
According to the article, OSU OSL moves "from a services role within the university into an academic department as part of the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. The switch will raise the Corvallis lab's profile and involve dozens more students every year in a program that helped make Oregon a global hub for open source activity."
Not bad for 10 years of providing great software, not to mention great services to the school and experience for those who have worked in the lab and have gone on to better things.
Lab chief Lance Albertson, who I think is one of the unsung heroes of FOSS, and the folks at the Open Source Lab have always done a great job over the last decade, most of the time under the radar — without fanfare, but with a great attitude and work ethic that has always promoted the most positive aspects of FOSS.
So a hearty congrats to OSU OSL for joining the realm of the educators — not that you weren't already — and down a glass of champagne for yours truly when celebrating this remarkable accomplisment.
See you in Seattle on Thursday for SeaGL.
This blog, and all other blogs by Larry the Free Software Guy, Larry the CrunchBang Guy and Larry Cafiero, are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND license. In short, this license allows others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit me as the author, but others can't change it in any way or use it commercially.
(Larry Cafiero is one of the founders of the Lindependence Project and develops business software at Redwood Digital Research, a consultancy that provides FOSS solutions in the small business and home office environment.)
High on the Alto 3880
Those of you who know me know that I'm an old ThinkPad guy, in more ways than one. I myself am older than many of you reading this — well on my way to AARP membership status as I reach 55 this November — and the ThinkPads I use on a daily basis are themselves old, namely a T30 and an R40.
ThinkPads are painfully utilitarian, amazingly solid, and like the Model T Fords come in a wide variety of colors as long as you choose black. For these reasons, ThinkPads lend themselves to being the laptop of choice for many laptop users, mostly developers. To make them more attractive — for loss of a better word — many a ThinkPad is embellished with stickers on the cover, rivaling the best of the NASCAR field. Mine is no exception: My ThinkPad does its laps with EFF, SCALE 10X, Oregon State University Open Source Lab, Open Source for America, two Google Summer of Code, and No Starch Press stickers gracing the laptop cover.
So when ZaReason sent me an Alto 3880 to put through its paces, my first reaction was, "Wow. This is too nice to put stickers on."
The Alto 3880's cover is a very stylish silver and should be kept in its pristine form. A look around the laptop before opening it shows that ports are readily available on the sides — with monitor, ethernet and USB ports conveniently located on the left side instead of on the back. While many might find this a simple design, ThinkPad users would be thrilled to know that the oft-inconvenient ThinkPad reacharound to plug in USB cables or thumb drives is not necessary here. In giving it the once over before opening it, the Alto is light in one's hands, but it still feels sturdy.
Opening the cover and pushing the on button reveals a screen with remarkable clarity contrasted on a black background and base. If you're a regular ThinkPad user, the keyboard is different — flat keys at the same level — and takes getting used to. With heavy fingers like mine, the pounding I would normally offer the ThinkPad feels like I'm mercilessly pounding this keyboard and suggests some behavior modification. But ultimately the keyboard is tough enough to withstand it and after adjusting to the new keyboard — wider than the ThinkPad's — it is easy to adapt to and to get accustomed to the additional real estate for your hands.
Performance wise, the Alto 3880 flies on the trio of distros I used on it, and without boring you with the minutiae, with one exception that turned out to be a software clash, the laptop performed without a hitch. With the 1366-by-768 resolution on a an remarkably clear 14-inch screen, the laptop would make a fine — no, make that an outstanding — replacement for my old ThinkPads.
I used three different distros on the Alto 3880, and each performed well, and each would make a fine choice for the person owning this laptop. The three contestants, for the sake of argument, are Linux Mint and Fedora — both which you can have preinstalled by ZaReason — and CrunchBang, which you can install on your own (until I convince ZaReason to make it a choice). However, as I understand it, if you request a different distro, ZaReason will install it. Or if you want no operating system, they'll send it like that, too. Unlike other Linux hardware vendors, ZaReason offers a wide choice in this department.
But I digress. Here's how the distros did:
Alto 3880 with Linux Mint: Originally, the laptop came to me with Linux Mint 12, which is the latest version of the distro with the GNOME 2.x-type desktop. The Alto 3880 did remarkably well with Linux Mint, which is growing on a lot of people (including me). Switching from MATE to GNOME to Cinnamon was a snap, and the performance was outstanding. In one instance on a busy morning where I forgot to plug in the laptop, I got just over four hours from the battery using multiple programs on Linux Mint.
Alto 3880 with Fedora 16: I'm waiting for the myth that Fedora is too "cutting edge" for the average user to go the way of the Studebaker and the hula hoop. It's just that — a myth — and Fedora 16 runs circles around just about everything else on this machine. After installing Flash so one can — oh, I don't know — participate in the wider Internet world, the distro and hardware handled everything I threw at it from a video and audio standpoint with aplomb.
Alto 3880 with CrunchBang Statler: The laptop has the horses, so to speak, to run the previous two desktop environments without breaking a sweat. So when faced with handling the Openbox window manager on CrunchBang, the distro soared. Also, the built-in camera worked flawlessly during a Google+ Hangout with the CrunchBang crew.
Alto 3880 strengths
Regardless of what distro is running on it, the Alto 3880 is remarkably versatile and handles a wide range of work without complaint. In fact, the only problem I had was helping my daughter solve what turned out to be a common GIMP and Banshee problem where the programs, both running simultaneously, weren't playing nice with each other — clearly not a reflection on the hardware. The screen is very clear and handles high resolutions flawlessly, which is a benefit for those who want to do things like watch videos or do intricate graphics work (Note: My daughter Mimi will be writing her own review of this laptop as well). Across the distro board, the audio and video performance was outstanding, with the onboard speakers sounding good enough to forgo plugging in speakers in some cases (though the speakers sounded good, too, when used to watch DVDs). the laptop itself is lightweight but solid, and the design is top-notch — this is a beautiful laptop.
Needs improvement?
There is a lot to like on this laptop, but the one thing that took getting used to is the keyboard. Again, this might be just something for the personal preference folder, but the keyboard at first tends to feel a little light to the touch. Also, the mouse button, which is a single bar at the same level as the touchpad operating on a centered fulcrum (click the left side for the left mouse button, right side for the right) is hard to adjust to when coming from hardware where the buttons are raised. To be fair, it would be difficult to imagine that a ThinkPad-like keyboard would work, design wise, on a laptop like this.
A final look
I don't have a rating system — stars, penguins, horseshoes, whatever — in place, but if I did I would rank the Alto 3880 very high; for the sake of argument, let's say 4.5 penguins out of a perfect 5 penguins. Its combination of sleek design and high performance make this laptop one that would easily draw me away from the ranks of the ThinkPad users. The retail price for this machine is $599, which many of you might think is a little high compared to what you could get at Best Buy. But when you consider that when buying from a Linux hardware vendor, you're not only getting a quality machine with a great OS, your purchase supports FOSS, for starters, by not putting another "sale" in Redmond's tally. With its wide range of capabilities and performance, the Alto 3880 is a laptop I would be proud to own and, if Uncle Sam is generous with a tax return, would be glad to purchase.
Screen: 14-inch HD, 1366-by-768 Glossy LED Backlit Display
Processor: Pentium B940, 2 GHz, 2 core, 2 thread
Memory: 4GB DDR-3
Graphics card: Intel Integrated HD Graphics
Hard Drive: 250GB 5,400 RPM (NOTE: Tested with 400GB HD)
Optical Drive: Combo CD/DVD burner
Audio: Speakers above the keyboard for quality sound output
Wireless: 802.11 B/G/N WiFi included and Bluetooth
Reader: 3-in-1 card reader — SD/MMC/MS supported
Camera: 1.3 Megapixel webcam included
Ports: HDMI and VGA monitor ports; Gigabit Ethernet port; ensington lock port; Headphone and microphone jacks; three USB 2.0 ports
Operating System: Your choice from a variety of Linux distros, or no operating system
Battery: Six-cell battery, up to 5 hours
Weight: 4.5 pounds
Price: $599
Coming tomorrow: This . . . is . . . STRATA! A look at the ZaReason Strata 6880.
(Larry Cafiero is one of the founders of the Lindependence Project and has just started developing software at Redwood Digital Research, a consultancy that provides FOSS solutions in the small business and home office environment.)


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I wish they'd make it without a camera. Im in the navy and there are many places you're just not allowed to take a camera
If they release the mini later this year or early 2013 and there's no front/rear cam, I'm not going to bother, because you know the year after its release they will make it slightly slimmer iPad mini with both cameras, so it would be a waste to rush and get.. But the picture above could always be a concept shell or fake.. I'm just waiting on that iPhone5..
If this rumoured ipad mini/ ipod touch xl or whatever their calling it is true then I hope they are going to price it competitively within the price range of the nexus 7 for example. Since I'll be getting an iPad three later this year but would love a smaller cheaper device to contemplate it. It doesn't need to have a retina display screen and a camera and all of the other bells and whistles since if you want that get an iPad. For me it should be an entertainment power house like the iPod except with a bigger screen for better video playback and a 3G (possibly 4G LTE) version for youtube streaming etc...
I am going to predict that this thing will be available in Wifi only and compete directly with the Nexus 7. I am interested in the price point. At $200, the Nexus 7 is certainly the tablet to beat right now, especially with all it has under the hood. Still shocking how inexpensive that beast is!
i can't say wether these are legit, as i know from experience they always have placeholder Serial numbers and FFC ID's on any prototypes + They'll always have a internal part's barcode stuck to it somewhere...
for example: This is the iphone they once found in the bar
Actually iPads are stretched mini-iPods.. Nothing more... And of course we need rear facing cameras for taking pictures, films and other things. iOS is a redone Linux with a java API so much like Android. Open source. Freedom is vital to innovation. I love Apples entries but enjoy others too. Dislike the locking and controlling of things. Corporatism gets us no where.