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Lanier Islands
7000 Lanier Islands Parkway Buford, GA 30518 770-945-8787
It's July and even though it's mid-summer, we're already looking forward to the Christmas season. Starting on Monday, July 7th, we'll begin Christmas in July here at LanierWorld at Lake Lanier Islands Resort. All week long, from July 7th through the 11th, you can bring a donation to LanierWorld benefiting Toys for Tots.
As an added benefit, each toy you bring with you to LanierWorld this July will give you half-off regular price admission to LanierWorld. Let's give back to local children in need and make this Christmas a day for them to remember.
Please be sure that your donations are new, unwrapped children's toys.


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Clarice Smith Distinguished Lectures in American Art
David Park Curry
William Merritt Chase: A Little Fish Story
November 8, 2006
David Park Curry is a distinguished curator and scholar of American art. He is the senior curator of decorative arts, American painting, and sculpture at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Over the course of his career, Curry has served as curator at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Denver Art Museum, and the Freer Gallery of Art. He has organized several award-winning exhibitions of James McNeill Whistler's work and is currently planning an exhibition on Theodore David and the Hayes presidential china. Curry has authored American Dreams: Paintings and Decorative Arts from the Warner Collection; Fabergé: The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915; Childe Hassam: An Island Garden Revisited; Winslow Homer: The Croquet Game; and most recently, James McNeill Whistler: Uneasy Pieces, which was released in November 2004.
View Archived Webcast of David Park Curry's Lecture

subset: commoncrawl


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Japan (Japanese)
Korea (Korean)
Whether you spend weekends with a backpack hiking remote trails to favorite campsites, or travel for days through seemingly endless airports, our versatile packs and rugged duffel bags are designed to make the heavy loads comfortable.
On your feet or on a jet, the right hiking backpacks, daypacks and duffels are essential for traveling well. Fording a river? Climbing a mountain? Running a hundred miles in a single race? We make the best waterproof climbing packs, hiking backpacks, daypacks and racing vest packs you can wear—versatile, ergonomic, rugged and waterproof.
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At the request of the House and Senate Committees on the Budget, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) periodically issues a compendium of budget options to help inform federal lawmakers about the implications of possible policy choices. This volume presents more than 100 options for altering spending and revenues to reduce federal budget deficits.
The options discussed in this report come from a variety of sources, including legislative proposals, various Administrations' budget proposals, Congressional staff, other government entities, and private groups. The options are intended to reflect a range of possibilities rather than to provide a ranking of priorities or a comprehensive list. The inclusion or exclusion of a particular policy change does not represent an endorsement or rejection by CBO. In keeping with CBO's mandate to provide objective, impartial analysis, this report makes no recommendations.
This volume is the result of work by almost 150 people at CBO, whose names are listed in the report, as well as the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation. Various experts outside of CBO (also listed) reviewed selected portions of the volume in draft.
The report is available here.


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The Brevard College men's soccer team hits the road for the third time in four matches when it travels to face South Atlantic Conference foe Newberry Wednesday at Smith Road Complex at 4 p.m. in Newberry, S.C.
• The Tornados fell to Queens in their conference opener, 5-2, Saturday despite goals from Daniel Wheldon and Ryan McPhillips. Queens' Erick Suarez netted a hat trick to pace the Royals offense and scored two goals in a span of 2:21 late in the second half. Wheldon scored his first goal of his collegiate career in the 60th minute.
• BC (2-4) has matched its win total from last season (two), but has suffered three consecutive losses.
• The Tornados matched their season-high in goals (two) on Saturday while taking 12 shots.
• Heath Turner, Alec Goettl, and McPhillips are the only Tornados to start every match this season. Paulo Silva (10) leads the team in shots and McPhillips (eight) sits tied for second on the squad. 16 different Tornados have taken a shot this year. Turner leads the South Atlantic Conference with 30 saves.
• Newberry enters the match winless (0-6) and has been shutout in consecutive matches including a 4-0 decision at Lincoln Memorial Saturday. The Wolves have been outscored 23-3 and outshot 102-66 during the 2013 campaign.
• The Wolves offense is paced by Graham Jermstad, who is the only player on the team to have double digit shots (19) and leads the team in goals (two).
• This marks the sixth consecutive meeting between the two squads while BC has proven victorious in the last three including a 2-1 victory last year.
• BC head coach and Athletic Director Juan Mascaro enters his seventh season at the helm for the Tornados.


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Please write your full name and e-mail to recive from us e-mails...
High quality
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925 Silver Pendant +Garnet Stone.
Ancient prayer from Abraham that allows the soul to connect with the spiritual world.
This prayer has 7 levels of elevation to raise awareness to connect to the positive reality of where we all came - Perfection. Ana Bachoach carries the name of God, it is known as the 42 letters name, and should be said every day. When saying the prayer we are asking God to hear our prayers, to bring complete redemption and return the Holy Temple to Jerusalem.
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Hi Dear to all .
i have One Question , i have ALFA AWUS036H And BackTrack 4 Pre Final .
all Times when i try to airodump-ng i saw Negative Sign under Power Status for example : -64 , -55 , -33
i want know Alfa dont support power ?
thanks .
An upgrade to the final may fix the problem. But either way we do not support the pre-final.


text: OverviewBack to top Janson Beckett - Cerified Organic Skin Toner - 4 oz. Item# :62859UPC# :181661000063 Brand:Janson Beckett Size/Form:4 oz. Ship Weight:0.48 Janson Beckett - Cerified Organic Skin Toner - 4 oz. Janson Beckett Cerified Organic Skin Toner is perfect for all skin types, our Organic Skin Toner complements our Organic Cleansing Milk and helps maintain your skin's proper acid balance while refreshing and toning. Mildly stimulating, it also removes any cleansing product residue. Enhanced with aromatherapy oils. Janson Beckett Cerified Organic Skin Toner Area of Application & Benefits: Certified Organic Ingredients Helps Maintain Skin's Proper Acid Balance Mild Formula Refreshes While It Tones Contains Beneficial Aromatheraphy Oils Frequently Asked Questions: Who will benefit from using Janson Beckett products? Our Argireline based products are ideal for anyone looking to treat and prevent the effects of aging anywhere on their face and/or body. Each formula is safe and effective for men and women of all ages and skin types. Do Janson Beckett products have a guarantee? Yes, we offer a 100% money back guarantee. If you aren't completely satisfied, just return the unused portion of the product within 60 days & receive a full refund. Please e-mail or call for a return authorization number and we will see if we can help you with your skin care needs in any other way. Do I need a prescription for Janson Beckett products?No, Janson Beckett products can be purchased online anytime without a prescription. Janson Beckett is an animal friendly company - they never test on animalsIn their long heritage as a skin care manufacturer, they have always believed that testing on animals in not only wrong but provides no beneficial real-world data. They have never been convinced that animal testing translates into similar human results - so why should innocent animals suffer? As a result, their products have never and will never be tested on animals. The Janson Beckett family love and appreciate animals, and are happy petowners themselves. Janson Beckett is an animal friendly company - they never test on animals In their long heritage as a skin care manufacturer, they have always believed that testing on animals in not only wrong but provides no beneficial real-world data. They have never been convinced that animal testing translates into similar human results – so why should innocent animals suffer? As a result, their products have never and will never be tested on animals. Trust Your Skin To Janson Beckett Cosmeceuticals Your Anti-Aging Skin Care Authority! Janson Beckett is one of the foremost developers of cosmeceuticals - a class of skincare products that is among the fastest growing in the health and beauty marketplace. Their topical formulations provide a safe and effective program for repairing damaged skin, maintaining the skin's improved health, and preventing future skin damage. They specialize in developing high-performance anti-aging treatments that incorporate peptides - scientifically advanced ingredients designed to interrupt the muscle contractions that help cause facial lines. Janson Beckett's first peptide formulation - AlphaDerma CE - was introduced in 2004. Hailed by skin care industry experts as one of the premiere formulations available for restoring skin to its most youthful appearance, AlphaDerma CE has a fiercely loyal customer base and remains the company's flagship product. Fueled by the success of AlphaDerma CE, Janson Beckett today offers a comprehensive portfolio of the finest skin care treatments for both facial and body application. The success of their product development stems from their ability to expertly blend the best scientific advances with the best natural cosmetics. Their formulations contain the safest, most potent concentrations of clinically proven ingredients like Argireline, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C Ester, DMAE, Elastin, Collagen, Soy, Hyaluronic Acid, Aloe Vera, Glycerin, and essential trace minerals that are vital to healthy skin. They manufacture their products directly in their Cherry Hill, New Jersey headquarters to assure that stringent quality controls are never compromised; their development cycles never include testing on animals. Three Decades of Skin Care ExperienceJanson Beckett's success and the quality of their formulations is attributable in part to their heritage to Reviva Labs - a pioneer in the development of natural skin care products. More than three decades of skin care experience, expertise, and safety are behind every product that Janson Beckett brings to market.The rapidly growing base of retailers and distributors confidently reselling Janson Beckett products represent diverse market segments that include health and beauty retailers, spas, medical spas, dermatology centers, laser clinics, and pharmacies. They view this acceptance across the spectrum of beauty and skin care professionals as testimony to the quality and efficacy of their product offerings. Janson Beckett Anti Aging Skin Care Difference: They are a skin care research and manufacturing company. First to offer an anti-aging treatment with Argireline, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin C Ester and DMAE. Their products are safe for all ages and skin types. Their products are not tested on animals. Full line of products for all of your skin care needs. Their products not only treat, but protect against the effects of aging. They offer the only Argireline product formulated specifically for use on the face and the body with UVA/UVB protection. Janson Beckett's high-performance peptide-based skin care continues to build a loyal following among skin care users and skin care professionals. Building upon three decades of experience JB realized the benefits of emerging synthetic peptides and leveraged this knowledge to create a potent line of anti-aging skin care - developed as an intensive anti-wrinkle, anti-aging regimen ofproducts. Janson Beckett's products combine the optimum concentrations of peptides such as Argireline, Leuphasyl, and SNAP-7, along with exclusive combinations of antioxidants Vitamin C Ester, Alpha Lipoic Acid, and DMAE, along with an array of key actives like collagen, elastin and soy, which are hailed by skin care authorities. Their products improve all signs of aging skin, such as fine lines on the forehead and along the brow, crows feet along the sides of eyes, wrinkles alongside the nose or above the lips, puffiness and dark circles under the eyes, and overall loss of skin firmness, radiance, or tone. While anti-aging results can be seen quickly, Janson Beckett products are not a temporary fix - rather they offer a long term solution that repairs damaged skin, offers continued transformations, and promotes a healthier, younger-looking you. The efficacy andresults achieved with Janson Beckett high-performance anti-aging skin care is why Estheticians, Dermatologists, beauty retailers, spa owners, and physicians all believe and provide Janson Beckett products to their customers and patients - because they trust in Janson Beckett. One such advocate of Janson Beckett is Stacy Cox, nicknamed "facialist to the stars." Stacy is a spa owner, beauty expert, and celebrity esthetician, and she recommends Janson Beckett's skin care to her clients and also uses it herself. In fact, Stacy says discovering Janson Beckett products is like finding "a miracle in a jar." Janson Beckett products have dramatically improved her customer's complexions and Stacy's retail sales. Follow along as Stacy Cox describes how your skin ages and how Janson Beckett's multi-faceted treatments protect against these causes of skin aging. Their productshelp to protect against thinning dermal layers and sagging by rebuilding collagen and elastin. Their peptides, such as Argireline, fight expression wrinkles, and have been proven in clincial studies to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles up to 27% in 30 days. And when paired with their other peptides in DermaExcel 7, clinical studies indicated a reduction in wrinkles of up to 60%. And reducing wrinkles is not the only Janson Beckett advantage: Powerful, proven antioxidants protect and repair free radical damage while their other essential skin ingredients fight skin aging on many levels. Janson Beckett's commitent to blending the highest, safest concentrations of most advanced peptides and antioxidants, along with other active ingredients, insures their products will promote healthy, visibly younger looking skin. Now, the way you age is in your hands; with Janson Bekcett high performance anti-aging skin care you have ability to take back control, enjoy healthier looking skin now and for a lifetime. Start Looking Younger Today!


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I confess that part of my reasoning behind giving blood, is for the guilt free donut.
And that I had to do a mid-session dismount durign sexytime last week bc my thighs were giving out due to the manical squat challenge.
I also ran a red light last night on a left turn, i sat thru the damn thing for three rotations and everything else got green lights so when it was safe, i went.


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|Latest & Greatest
New Engine Packs a Punch
By Elizabeth Ginns Britten — March 2004
MTU says its new 10V 2000 CR has the same output as its 12V 2000 but is about a third smaller and around 80 percent of the weight, giving the engine one of the lowest power-to-weight ratios in its class. The 10V 2000 CR is the latest in MTU's popular 2000 series line of powerplants.
Like all the engines in the 2000 CR series, the 10V features common-rail fuel injection and a high-pressure turbocharger that forces more air into the combustion chamber. It's also equipped with an electronic governor, which, combined with the injection system, reduces emissions and fuel consumption.
MTU Phone: (49) 7541 90 21 59. www.mtu-friedrichshafen.com.
Is there something you would like to know more about or see PMY put to the test? Write: Latest & Greatest, Power & Motoryacht, 260 Madison Ave., 8th Fl., New York, NY 10016. Fax: (917) 256-2282. e-mail: email@example.com. No phone calls, please.
This article originally appeared in the February 2004 issue of Power & Motoryacht magazine.


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Accidental Damage Protection (ADP)
Lenovo's Accidental Damage Service offers a predictable way to budget for non-warranted PC repairs, allowing you to avoid productivity disruptions, while minimizing unexpected PC repair costs.
- • ADP protects your investment from operational or structural damage due to common accidents like drops, spills, electrical surges or failure of the integrated screen and can save you significantly relative to the cost of repairs or new PC purchase. Learn more.
Keep Your Drive Service (KYD)
Lenovo's Keep Your Drive Service allows you to retain your hard drive and data, in the unlikely event of drive failure. With KYD, you improve data security and potentially mitigate civil liability risks if your organization handles sensitive information.
You can dispose of business data on your terms, when and how you need to. KYD saves you the need to track failed hard drives in transit and eliminates associated paperwork, freeing up IT resources for critical business needs. Learn More.


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by Ben Ikenson
When future historians write about the current transformation of the building sector—when the phrase "green building" has long become a quaint redundancy—they will likely recognize next year's debut of the International Green Construction Code (IGCC) as a historic green-building landmark moment. Some U.S. states already require compliance with stringent energy codes and sustainable-building practices. To that end, technologies are on their way to becoming standardized. As a result, industry analysts say that governments will be better poised to raise the bar on building performance.
Already, though, many top architecture firms have begun tracking performance data against predictions. And some major cities, such as New York, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C., are expected to require commercial buildings to report their energy usage as a way of providing prospective tenants with data.
But with the wide-scale codification of practices in support of performance- and outcome-based design come a number of concerns for architects that the AIA is trying to address.
"We are working with industry partners to address the topic of sustainability and risk, particularly in educating our members and the industry on the content and impact of mandatory minimum green codes and the evolving regulatory environment," says Jessyca Henderson, AIA, director of sustainability advocacy at the AIA. "The more our members understand how to apply the code, both from a sustainable-design and a business perspective, the better equipped they will be to serve as resources in their communities, and continue to provide value to their clients."
With the IGCC, architects would be required to seek additional consultation in relatively new areas.
"Because of the element of vicarious liability for the work of an architect's consultants, owners always look to architects if issues arise," explains Kenneth Cobleigh, managing director and counsel for AIA Contract Documents. "Since an architect's consultants will presumably be hired to provide expertise in cutting-edge sustainability areas, including new performance-based energy [designs] and resource-conservation designs, the risk associated with their work might also be viewed as perhaps somewhat heightened, compared to more established elements of practice."
There are ways to mitigate risk, though. Careful vetting of consultants, solid contractual agreements, and adequate consultant insurance are all wise practices, Cobleigh says.
In the meantime, the information and technology available to designers and architects is rapidly improving. "With simulation-modeling software tools, the time it takes to generate calculations is getting faster by the year and is moving towards real time," says Edward Mazria, AIA, founder and CEO of Architecture 2030, a nonprofit established in 2002 that advocates for greenhouse-gas emission reductions in the building industry.
Still, anxieties may linger over the question of whether building science is tested enough to prescribe specific outcomes. For these fears, the New Buildings Institute's (NBI) database of commercial buildings is an encouraging beacon (buildings.newbuildings.org). All of the data set's 128 case studies perform at least 30 percent better than comparable buildings, and 70 use about half of the energy that their counterparts require. The database details the efficacy of measures and strategies such as daylighting, automated lighting controls, and HVAC, and the use of high-R-value glazing on the building shells.
"There are design teams that understand how to produce a high-performance building time after time," says Sean Denniston, a project analyst for NBI.
No wonder the NBI, among others, supports inclusion in the IGCC of a proposed outcome-based compliance path in addition to existing prescriptive and modeled performance-based approaches. For several months, starting last spring, NBI joined the AIA, the U.S. Department of Energy, Building Owners and Managers Association International, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation in developing language for the proposed addition that voting members of IGCC will consider this month. If passed, the option would allow compliance with the green code by providing performance data on a building's post-occupancy energy use, which could complement, and ultimately enhance, the prospective energy-benchmarking efforts of cities.
"Still, the idea of outcome-based codes is relatively new and there are challenges," Denniston says. "Successfully meeting energy-use targets requires a learning curve, and not all designers have this capability—which is why we're proposing outcome-based compliance as an option [in IGCC], not a mandate."
Such an option would enable jurisdictions to allow confident professionals to work creatively—without prescriptive constraints—toward specific energy-performance objectives.
"After all, architecture is built on innovation, and accountability is nothing new," Denniston says. "Roman architects stood under the arches of structures they designed just before a final stone was set and the wooden framing removed. If their work stood, so did they."
To learn more, visit aia.org/sustainableprojectsguide.


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Mr. Skin's 2013 Golden Globes Nominees Nude Playlist. Mr. Skin was kind enough to offer TDB readers a free preview of its 2013 Golden Globe Nominees Playlist reel featuring Anne Hathaway nude in HD. In addition, Mr. Skin agreed to extend its best price EVER for membership in an exclusive offer for That Dog's Blog.
If you've been thinking of buying a membership to Mr. Skin, but have been putting it off because of the price, TDB's readers can use this coupon link to save 50% off an annual membership through January. That brings the cost down to $6.00/month, its lowest price ever. Thanks to Mr. Skin for the promo and continued support. Enjoy.
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Estimated Shipping Cost: $39.95
Add item to cart to check stock levels.
For over 80 years Elkay has created high quality, innovative sinks and faucets that consumer's count on to deliver unprecedented levels of style and function. They offer the most extensive product line available, so regardless of your dream, design or demands, they have just the sink or faucet for you.


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Cardinals optioned RHP Michael Blazek to Triple-A Memphis.
Dexter Fowler reached base four times and stole a base in the Cardinals' comeback victory over the Cubs on Friday.
Anthony DeSclafani (elbow) will begin a rehab assignment with the Arizona League Reds on Sunday.
Ryan Braun (calf, wrist) said Friday that he expects to return to the Brewers' lineup Saturday.
Kevin Kiermaier (hip) said Friday that he expects to begin a rehab assignment "in the next week or so."
Jaime Garcia is expected to make his scheduled start with the Braves on Friday against the Dodgers.
Steven Souza (hip) is not in the Rays' lineup Friday.
Yadier Molina was a late scratch from Friday's lineup due to right ankle discomfort.
Phillies activated INF/OF Howie Kendrick from the 10-day disabled list.
Mariners acquired LHP Marco Gonzales from the Cardinals in exchange for OF Tyler O'Neill.
Jon Heyman of FanRag Sports reports that the Twins' trade for Jaime Garcia could fall through.
USA Today's Bob Nightengale reports that the Brewers have been "aggressive" in trade talks for Justin Wilson.


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Herpes simplexGenital herpes; Fever blisters; Cold sores; HSV-1; HSV-2
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of herpes simplex.
Herpes Simplex Viruses
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the main cause of oral herpes infections that occur on the mouth and lips. These include cold sores and fever blisters. HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes.
- Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the usual cause of genital herpes but it can also cause oral herpes.
Trends in HSV Types and Genital Herpes
Genital herpes can be caused by either HSV-2 or HSV-1. In the past, most genital herpes cases were caused by HSV-2. In recent years, HSV-1 has become a significant cause in developed countries, including the United States. Oral sex with an infected partner can transmit HSV-1 to the genital area.
Transmission of Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease spread by skin-to-skin contact. The risk of infection is highest during outbreak periods when there are visible sores and lesions. However, genital herpes can also be transmitted when there are no visible symptoms. Most new cases of genital herpes infection do not cause symptoms, and many people infected with HSV-2 are unaware that they have genital herpes.
To help prevent genital herpes transmission:
- Use a latex condom for sexual intercourse
- Use a dental dam for oral sex
- Limit your number of sexual partners
- Be aware that nonoxynol-9, the chemical spermicide used in gel and foam contraceptive products and some lubricated condoms, does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
When genital herpes symptoms do appear, they are usually worse during the first outbreak than during recurring attacks. During an initial outbreak:
- Symptoms usually appear within 1 - 2 weeks after sexual exposure to the virus.
- The first signs are a tingling sensation in the affected areas, (genitalia, buttocks, thighs), and groups of small red bumps that develop into blisters.
- Over the next 2 - 3 weeks, more blisters can appear and rupture into painful open sores.
- The lesions eventually dry out and develop a crust, and then heal rapidly without leaving a scar.
- Flu-like symptoms are common during initial outbreaks of genital herpes. They include headache, muscle aches, fever, and swollen glands.
Herpes, Pregnancy, and Newborn Infants
Herpes can pose serious risks for a pregnant woman and her baby. The risk is greatest for mothers with a first-time infection since the virus can be transmitted to the infant during childbirth. New guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend using specific diagnostic tests for women in labor to determine the risk of transmission. Babies born to mothers infected with genital herpes are treated with the antiviral drug acyclovir, which can help suppress the virus.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that causes infections of the skin and mucous membranes. It can sometimes cause more serious infections in other parts of the body.
HSV is part of a group of eight herpes viruses that can cause human disease. They include human herpes virus 8 (the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma) and varicella- zoster virus (also known as herpes zoster, the virus responsible for shingles and chicken pox). There are more than 80 other strains of herpes viruses that can infect various animals.
Herpes viruses differ in many ways, but the viruses share certain characteristics, notably the word "herpes," which comes from the Greek word "herpein" meaning "to creep." This refers to the unique characteristic pattern of all herpes viruses to "creep along" local nerve pathways to the nerve clusters at the end, where they remain in an inactive (dormant) state for variable periods of time. This period of inactivity is called latency.
There are two forms of the herpes simplex virus:
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is the usual cause of oral herpes (herpes labialis), which are commonly called cold sores or fever blisters. HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes, which is a sexually transmitted disease.
- Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the usual cause of genital herpes but it can also cause oral herpes.
HSV-1 and HSV-2 are distinguished by different proteins on their surfaces. They can occur separately, or they can both infect the same individual. Until recently, the general rule was to assume that HSV-1 caused oral herpes and HSV-2 caused genital herpes. It is now clear, however, that either type of herpes virus can be found in the genital or oral areas (or other sites). In fact, HSV-1 is now responsible for more than half of all new cases of genital herpes in developed countries.
The Disease Process
For infection to occur, the following conditions must apply:
- The herpes simplex virus passes through bodily fluids (such as saliva, semen, or fluid in the female genital tract) or in fluid from aherpes sore.
- The virus must have direct access to the uninfected person through their skin or mucous membranes (such as in the mouth or genital area).
When herpes simplex virus enters the body, the infection process typically takes place as follows:
- The virus enters vulnerable cells in the lower layers of skin tissue and tries to reproduce in the cell nuclei.
- Even after it has entered the cells, the virus usually does not cause symptoms.
- However, if the virus destroys the host cells when it multiplies, inflammation and fluid-filled blisters or ulcers appear. Once the fluid is absorbed, scabs form, and the blisters disappear without scarring.
- After the first time they multiply, the viral particles are carried from the skin through branches of nerve cells to clusters at the nerve-cell ends (the dorsal root ganglia).
- Here, the virus lives in an inactive (latent) form. The virus does not multiply, but both the host cells and the virus survive.
- At unpredictable times, the virus begins multiplying again. It then goes through astage called shedding. During those times, the virus can be passed into bodily fluids and infect other people. Unfortunately, a third to half of the times shedding occurs without any symptoms at all.
- Eventually, the symptoms return in most cases, causing a new outbreak of blisters and sores.
Herpes is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact. To infect people, the herpes simplex viruses (both HSV-1 and HSV-2) must get into the body through tiny injuries in the skin or through a mucous membrane, such as inside the mouth or on the genital area. The risk for infection is highest with direct contact of blisters or sores during an outbreak. But the infection can also develop from contact with an infected partner who does not have visible sores or other symptoms.
Once the virus has contact with the mucous membranes or skin wounds, it begins to replicate. The virus is then transported within nerve cells to their roots where it remains inactive (latent) for some period of time. During inactiveperiods, the virus is in a sleeping (dormant) state and cannot be transmitted to another person. However, at some point, the viruswakes up and travels along nerve pathways to the surface the skin where it begins to multiply again.
During this time, the virus can infect other people if it is passed along in body fluids or secretions. This period of reactivation, replication, and transmission is called viral shedding. Viral shedding may be accompanied by noticeable symptoms (called disease outbreak) but it can also occur without causing symptoms (called asymptomatic shedding).
Sometimes, infected people can transmit the virus and infect other parts of their own bodies (most often the hands, thighs, or buttocks). This process, known as autoinoculation, is uncommon, since people generally develop antibodies that protect against this problem.
Transmission of Oral Herpes. Oral herpes is usually caused by HSV-1. HSV-1 is the most prevalent form of herpes simplex virus, and infection is most likely to occur during preschool years. Oral herpes is easily spread by direct exposure to saliva or even from droplets in breath. Skin contact with infected areas is enough to spread it. Transmission most often occurs through close personal contact, such as kissing. In addition, because herpes simplex virus 1 can be passed in saliva, people should also avoid sharing toothbrushes or eating utensils with an infected person.
Transmission of Genital Herpes. Genital herpes is transmitted through sexual activity. People can get HSV-2 through genital contact or HSV-1 through mouth-to-genital contact with an infected partner. People with multiple sexual partners are at high risk as are those who do not use latex condoms. .
People with active symptoms of genital herpes are at very high risk for transmitting the infection. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that most cases of genital herpes infections occur when the virus is shedding but producing no symptoms. Most people either have no symptoms or don't recognize them when they appear.
In the past, genital herpes was mostly caused by HSV-2, but HSV-1 genital infection is increasing. This may be due to the increase in oral sex activity among young adults. There is also evidencethat children today are less likely to get cold sores and become exposed to HSV-1 during childhood. If adolescents do not have have antibodies to HSV-1 by the time they become sexually active, they may be more susceptible to genitally acquiring HSV-1 through oral sex.
Risk Factors
Risk for Oral Herpes
Oral herpes is usually caused by HSV-1. The first infection usually occurs between 6 months and 3 years of age. By adulthood, nearly all people have been infected with HSV-1.
Risk for Genital Herpes
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in 6 Americans ages 14 - 49 years have genital herpes. While HSV-2 remains the main cause of genital herpes, in recent years HSV-1 has significantly increased as a cause, most likely because of oral-genital sex. Except for people in monogamous relationships with uninfected partners, everyone who is sexually active is at risk for genital herpes.
Risk factors for genital herpes include a history of a prior sexually transmitted disease, early age for first sexual intercourse, a high number of sexual partners, andloq socioeconomic status. Women are more susceptible to HSV-2 infection because herpes is more easily transmitted from men to women than from women to men. About 1 in 5 women, compared to 1 in 9 men, have genital herpes. African-American women are at particularly high risk
People with compromised immune systems, notably patients with HIV, are at very high risk for genital herpes. These patients are also at risk for more severe complications from herpes. Other immunocompromised patients include those taking drugs that suppress the immune system and patients who have received transplants.
Preventing Transmission
The only definite way to prevent genital herpes is to abstain from sex or to engage in sex in a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner.
Infected people should take steps to avoid transmitting genital herpes to others. It is almost impossible to defend against the transmission of oral herpes since it can be transmitted by very casual contact, including kissing. Still, you can help reduce the risk of transmitting oral herpes by not sharing objects that touch the mouth such as eating and drinking utensils, toothbrushes, and towels.
Genital herpes is contagious from the first signs of tingling and burning (prodrome) until the time that sores have completely healed. It is best to refrain from any type of sex (vaginal, anal, oral) during periods of active outbreak. However, herpes can also be transmitted when symptoms are not present (asymptomatic shedding).
The following precautions can help reduce the risk of transmission:
- Use a latex condom. While condoms may not provide 100% protection, they have been proven to significantly reduce the risk of sexual disease transmission, including herpes. Condoms made of latex are less likely to slip or break than those made of polyurethane. Natural condoms made from animal skin do NOT protect against HSV infection because herpes viruses can pass through them.
- Use a water-based lubricant. Lubricants can help prevent friction during sex, which can irritate the skin and increase the risk for outbreaks. Only water-based lubricants (such as K-Y Jelly, Astroglide, AquaLube, and glycerin) should be used. Oil-based lubricants (such as petroleum jelly, body lotions, and cooking oil) can weaken latex. Many condoms come pre-lubricated. However, it is best not to use condoms pre-lubricated with spermicides.
- Do not use spermicides for protection against herpes. Some condoms come pre-lubricated with sperm-killing substances called spermicides. Spermicides also come in stand-alone foams and jellies. The standard active ingredient in spermicides is nonoxynol-9. Nonoxynol-9 can cause irritation around the genital areas, which makes it easier for herpes and other sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) to be transmitted.
- Use a dental dam or condom for oral sex. Dental dams are small square pieces of latex that can be used as a barrier for oral sex. You can also use a latex condom (or make a dental dam by cutting a condom). If you have any symptoms of oral herpes, it's best not to perform oral sex on a partner until any visible sores or blisters have healed.
- Limit the number of sexual partners. The more sexual partners you have, the greater your chances of becoming infected or infecting others.
To reduce the risk of passing the herpes virus to another part of your body (such as the eyes and fingers), avoid touching a herpes blister or sore during an outbreak. If you do, be sure to immediately wash your hands with hot water and soap.
The herpes virus does not live very long outside the body. While the chances of transmitting or contracting herpes from a toilet seat or towel are extremely low, it is advisable to wipe off toilet seats and not to share damp towels.
Recent studies have suggested that male circumcision may help reduce the risk of HSV-2, as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV infections. However, circumcision does not completely prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Men who are circumcised should still practice safe sex, including using condoms.
There is currently no vaccine to prevent genital herpes, but several investigational herpes vaccines are being actively studied in clinical trials.
Except in very rare instances and special circumstances, herpes simplex virus is not life threatening. However, herpes can cause significant and widespread complications in people who don't have fully functioning immune systems.
Herpes and HIV
People infected with herpes have an increased risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all patients diagnosed with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) should get tested for HIV.
Most patients with HIV are co-infected with HSV-2 and are particularly vulnerable to its complications. When a person has both viruses, each virus increases the severity of the other. HSV-2 infection increases HIV levels in the genital tract, which makes it easier for the HIV virus to be spread to sexual partners.
Herpes and Pregnancy
Pregnant women who have genital herpes due to either herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) have an increased risk for miscarriage, premature labor, inhibited fetal growth, or transmission of the herpes infection to the infant either in the uterus or at the time of delivery. Herpes in newborn babies (herpes neonatalis) can be a very serious condition.
Fortunately, neonatal herpes is rare. Although about 25 - 30% of pregnant women have genital herpes,fewer than 0.1% of babies are born with neonatal herpes. The baby is at greatest risk during a vaginal delivery, especially if the mother has an asymptomatic infection that was first introduced late in the pregnancy. In such cases, 30 - 50% of newborns become infected. Recurring herpes or a first infection that is acquired early in the pregnancy pose a much lower risk to the infant.
The reasons for the higher risk with a first-time late primary infection are:
- During a first infection, the virus is shed for longer periods, and more viral particles are excreted.
- An infection that first occurs in the late term of pregnancydoes not allow the mother time to develop antibodies that would help her baby fight off the infection at the time of delivery.
The risk for transmission also increases if infants with infected mothers are born prematurely, if there is invasive monitoring, or if instruments are used during vaginal delivery. Transmission can occur if the amniotic membrane of an infected woman ruptures prematurely, or as the infant passes through an infected birth canal. This increased risk is present if the woman is having or has recently had an active herpes outbreak in the genital area.
Very rarely, the virus is transmitted across the placenta, a form of the infection known as congenital herpes. Also rarely, newborns may contract herpes during the first weeks of life from being kissed by someone with a herpes cold sore.
Unfortunately, only about 5% of infected pregnant women have a history of symptoms, so in many cases herpes infection is not suspected, or symptoms are missed, at the time of delivery. Fortunately, for women who do show genital lesions, doctors can now use newer rapid diagnostic blood tests to quickly determine a pregnant woman's chance of transmitting the virus to her baby during delivery.
In general, if there is evidence of an active outbreak, doctors usually advise a Cesarean section to prevent the baby from contracting the virus in the birth canal during delivery. Some women with new or recurrent herpes may also be prescribed antiviral medication during pregnancy. A woman with herpes can usually safely breastfeed her baby as long as she does not have a lesion on her breast or nipple.
Herpesand Newborn Infants
Herpes infection in a newborn can cause a range of symptoms, including skin rash, fevers, mouth sores, and eye infections. If left untreated, neonatal herpes is a very serious and even life-threatening condition. Neonatal herpes can spread to the brain and central nervous system, causing encephalitis and meningitis and can lead to intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and death. Herpes can also spread to internal organs, such as the liver and lungs.
Infants infected with herpes are treated with acyclovir. They usually receive several weeks of intravenous acyclovir treatment followed by several months or oral acyclovir. It is important to treat babies quickly, before the infection spreads to the brain and other organs.
Herpes Encephalitis and Meningitis
Herpes Encephalitis. Herpes simplex encephalitis is inflammation of the brain caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. It is a rare but extremely serious brain disease. Untreated, herpes encephalitis is fatal over 70% of the time. Respiratory arrest can occur within the first 24 - 72 hours. Fortunately, rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with acyclovir have significantly improved survival rates and reduced complication rates. Nearly all who recover suffer some impairment, ranging from very mild neurological changes to paralysis. .
Herpes Meningitis. Herpes simplex meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord, is mainly caused by HSV-2. Like encephalitis, meningitis symptoms include headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Fortunately, after lasting for up to a week, herpes meningitis usually resolves without complications, although symptoms can recur.
Herpes Eye Complications
Ocular herpes is a recurrent infection that affects the eyes. It is mainly caused by HSV-1 but can also be caused by HSV-2. Ocular herpes is usually a simple infection that clears up in a few days, but in its more serious forms, and in severe cases, it can cause blindness.
Types of ocular herpes include:
- Superficial Keratitis. Involves infection and inflammation of the eye's cornea. It is the most common form of ocular herpes. It only affects the upper layer (epithelium) of the cornea and heals with scarring.
- Stromal Keratitis. Involves deeper layers of the cornea. Corneal scarring develops, which may result in blindness. Although rare, it is a leading cause of blindness in the US.
- Iridocyclitis. Iridocyclitis is another serious complication of ocular herpes, in which the iris and the area around it become inflamed. Iridocyclitis is related to the eye condition uveitis. It can cause increased sensitivity to light. If left untreated, it can result in loss of vision.
Herpes Skin Complications
Eczema Herpeticum. A rare form of herpes infection called eczema herpeticum, also known as Kaposi's varicellaform eruption, can affect patients with skin disorders and immunocompromised patients. The disease tends to develop into widespread skin infection that resembles impetigo. Symptoms appear abruptly and can include fever, chills, and malaise. Clusters of dimpled blisters emerge over 7 - 10 days and spread widely. They can become secondarily infected with staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria. With treatment, lesions heal in 2 - 6 weeks. Untreated, this condition can be extremely serious and possibly fatal.
Gingivostomatitis.Herpes can cause multiple painful ulcers on the gums and mucous membranes of the mouth, a condition called gingivostomatitis. This condition usually affects children 1 - 5 years of age. It nearly always subsides within 2 weeks. Children with gingivostomatitis commonly develop herpetic whitlow (herpes of the fingers).
Herpes symptoms vary depending on whether the outbreak is initial or recurrent. The first (primary) outbreak is usually worse than recurrent outbreaks with more severe and prolonged symptoms. However, most cases of herpes simplex virus infections do not produce symptoms. In fact, studies indicate that 10 - 25% of people infected with HSV-2 are unaware that they have genital herpes. Even if infected people have mild or no symptoms, they can still transmit the herpes virus.
Symptoms of Genital Herpes
Primary Genital Herpes Outbreak. For patients with symptoms, the first outbreak usually occurs in or around the genital area 1 - 2 weeks after sexual exposure to the virus. The first signs are a tingling sensation in the affected areas (such as genitalia, buttocks, and thighs) and groups of small red bumps that develop into blisters. Over the next 2 - 3 weeks, more blisters can appear and rupture into painful open sores. The lesions eventually dry out, develop a crust, and heal rapidly without leaving a scar. Blisters in moist areas heal more slowly than others. The lesions may sometimes itch, but itching decreases as they heal.
About 40% of men and 70% of women develop other symptoms during initial outbreaks of genital herpes, such as flu-like discomfort, headache, muscle aches, fever, and swollen glands. (Glands can become swollen in the groin area as well as the neck.) Some women may have difficulty urinating and may, occasionally, require a urinary catheter. Women may also experience vaginal discharge.
Recurrent Genital Herpes Outbreak. In general, recurrences are much milder than the initial outbreak. The virus sheds for a much shorter period of time (about 3 days) compared to an initial outbreak of 3 weeks. Women may have only minor itching, and the symptoms may be even milder in men.
On average, people have about four recurrences during the first year, although this varies widely. Over time, recurrences decrease in frequency. There are some differences in frequency of recurrence depending on whether HSV-2 or HSV-1 causes genital herpes. HSV-2 genital infection is more likely to cause recurrences than HSV-1.
Symptoms of Oral Herpes
Oral herpes (herpes labialis) is most often caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) but can also be caused by herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). It usually affects the lips and, in some primary attacks, the mucous membranes in the mouth. A herpes infection may occur on the cheeks or in the nose, but facial herpes is very uncommon.
Primary Oral Herpes Infection. If the primary (initial) oral infection causes symptoms, they can be very painful, particularly in small children.
- Blisters form on the lips but may also erupt on the tongue.
- The blisters eventually rupture as painful open sores, develop a yellowish membrane before healing, and disappear within 3 - 14 days.
- Increased salivation and bad breath may be present.
- Rarely, the infection may be accompanied by difficulty in swallowing, chills, muscle pain, or hearing loss.
In children, the infection usually occurs in the mouth. In adolescents, the primary infection is more apt to appear in the upper part of the throat and cause soreness.
Recurrent Oral Herpes Infection. Most patients have only a couple of outbreaks a year, although a small percentage of patients have more frequent recurrences. HSV-2 oral infections tend to recur less frequently than HSV-1. Recurrences are usually much milder than primary infections and are known commonly as cold sores or fever blisters (because they may arise during a bout of cold or flu). They usually show up on the outer edge of the lips and rarely affect the gums or throat. (Cold sores are commonly mistaken for the crater-like mouth lesions known as canker sores, which are not associated with herpes simplex virus.)
Recurrence Course, Triggers, and Timing
Course of Recurrence. Most cases of herpes simplex recur. The site on the body and the type of virus influence how often it comes back. Recurrences of genital herpes are more likely with HSV-2 infection than with HSV-1 infection.
The virus usually takes the following course:
- Prodrome. The outbreak of infection is often preceded by a prodrome, an early group of symptoms that may include itching skin, pain, or an abnormal tingling sensation at the site of infection. The patient may also have a headache, enlarged lymph glands, and flu-like symptoms. The prodrome, which may last as short as 2 hours or as long as 2 days, stops when the blisters develop. About 25% of the time, recurrence does not go beyond the prodrome stage.
- Outbreak. Recurrent outbreaks feature most of the same symptoms at the same sites as the primary attack, but they tend to be milder and briefer. After blisters erupt, they typically heal in 6 - 10 days. Occasionally, the symptoms may not resemble those of the primary episode but appear as fissures and scrapes in the skin or as general inflammation around the affected area.
Triggers of Recurrence. HSV outbreaks can be triggered by different factors. They include sunlight, wind, fever, physical injury, surgery, menstruation, suppression of the immune system, and emotional stress. Oral herpes can be triggered within about 3 days of intense dental work, particularly root canal or tooth extraction.
Timing of Recurrences. Recurrent outbreaks may occur at intervals of days, weeks, or years. For most people, outbreaks recur with more frequency during the first year after an initial attack. During that period, the body mounts an intense immune response to HSV. The good news is that in most healthy people, recurring infections tend to become progressively less frequent, and less severe, over time. However, the immune system cannot kill the virus completely. Herpes simplex virus causes lifelong infections.
The herpes simplex virus is usually identifiable by its characteristic lesion: A thin-walled blister on an inflamed base of skin. However, other conditions can resemble herpes, and doctors cannot base a herpes diagnosis on visual inspection alone. In addition, many patients who carry the virus do not have visible genital or oral lesions. Laboratory tests are needed to confirm a herpes diagnosis. These tests include:
- Virologic tests (viral culture of the lesion)
- Serologic tests (blood tests that detect antibodies)
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that both virologic and serologic tests be used for diagnosing genital herpes. Patients diagnosed with genital herpes should also be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases. At this time, doctors do not recommend screening for herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) or herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) in the general population.
Genital herpes can be caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. It is important for doctors to determine whether the genital herpes infection is caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2, as the type of herpes infection influences prognosis and treatment recommendations. Recurrences of genital herpes, and viral shedding without overt symptoms, are much less frequent with HSV-1 infection than with HSV-2.
False-negative (testing negative when herpes infection is actually present) or false-positive (testing positive when herpes infection is not actually present) results can occur. Your doctor may recommend that you have a test repeated.
Virologic Tests
Viral culture tests are made by taking a fluid sample, or culture, from the lesions as early as possible, ideally within the first 48 hours of the outbreak. (As the lesion begins to heal, the test becomes less accurate.) These tests can be used to distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests analyze the genetic material (DNA) of the herpes simplex virus and are helpful for differentiating HSV-1 from HSV-2. PCR tests are much faster and more accurate than viral cultures, and the CDC recommends this test for detecting herpes in spinal fluid when diagnosing herpes encephalitis. PCR can make many copies of the virus' DNA so that even small amounts of DNA in the sample can be detected. PCR is much more expensive than viral cultures. However, because PCR is highly accurate, many labs now use it for herpes testing.
An older type of virologic testing, the Tzanck smear test, uses scrapings from herpes lesions. The scrapings are stained and examined under a microscope for the presence of giant cells with many nuclei or distinctive particles that carry the virus (called inclusion bodies). The test is quick but accurate only 50 - 70% of the time. It cannot distinguish between virus types or between herpes simplex and herpes zoster. The Tzanck test is not reliable for providing a conclusive diagnosis of herpes infection and is not recommended by the CDC.
Serologic Tests
Serologic (blood) tests can identify antibodies that are specific for either herpes virus simplex 1 (HSV-1) or herpes virus simplex 2 (HSV-2). When the herpes virus infects someone, their body's immune system produces specific antibodies to fight off the infection. If a blood test detects antibodies to herpes, it's evidence that you have been infected with the virus, even if the virus is in a non-active (dormant) state. The presence of antibodies to herpes also indicates that you are a carrier of the virus and might transmit it to others.
Serological tests can be especially useful for patients who do not have active symptoms but have other risk factors for herpes (such as other STDs, multiple sex partners, or a monogamous partner who has genital herpes).
Newer "type-specific" assays test for antibodies to two different proteins that are associated with the herpes virus:
- Glycoprotein gG-1 is associated with HSV-1
- Glycoprotein gG-2 is associated with HSV-2
Although glycoprotein (gG) type-specific tests have been available since 1999, many of the older nontype-specific tests that cannot distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 are still on the market. The CDC recommends only type-specific glycoprotein (gG) tests for herpes diagnosis.
Ruling OutConditions That Resemble Oral Herpes
Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers). Simple canker sores (known medically as aphthous ulcers) are often confused with the cold sores of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Canker sores frequently crop up singly or in groups on the inside of the mouth or on or under the tongue. Their cause is unknown, and they are common in perfectly healthy people. They are usually white or grayish crater-like ulcers with a sharp edge and a red rim. They usually heal within 2 weeks without treatment.
Thrush (Candidiasis). Candidiasis is a yeast infection that causes a whitish overgrowth in the mouth. It is most common in infants but can appear in people of all ages, particularly people taking antibiotics or those with impaired immune systems.
Other conditions that may be confused with oral herpes include herpangina (a form of the Coxsackie A virus), sore throat caused by strep or other bacteria, and infectious mononucleosis.
Ruling Out Conditions That Resemble Genital Herpes
Conditions that may be confused with genital herpes include bacterial and yeast infections (including granuloma inguinale and candidiasis), syphilis, chancroid, herpes zoster (shingles and chickenpox), and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
Treatment for Genital Herpes
Antiviral Drugs
Three drugs are approved to treat genital herpes:
- Acyclovir (Zovirax, generic)
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex, generic)
- Famciclovir (Famvir, generic)
These medications are antiviral drugs called nucleoside analogues. The drugs are used initially to treat a first attack of herpes, and then afterward to either treat recurrent outbreaks (episodic therapy) or reduce frequency of recurrences (suppressive therapy).
No drug can cure herpes simplex virus. The infection may recur after treatment has been stopped and even during therapy, a patient can still transmit the virus to another person. Drugs can, however, reduce the severity of symptoms, improve healing times, and prevent recurrences.
Antiviral drugs for genital herpes are generally given as pills that are taken by mouth. If patients experience very severe disease or complications, they need to be hospitalized and receive an antiviral drug intravenously.
Treatment of an Initial Outbreak
The first outbreak of genital herpes is usually much worse than recurrent outbreaks. Symptoms tend to be more severe and to last longer. Your doctor will prescribe you one of the three antiviral medications to take for 7 -10 days. If your symptoms persist, treatment may be extended.
Episodic Therapy for Recurrences
For a recurrent episode, treatment takes 1 - 5 days depending on the type of medication and dosage. You should begin the medication as soon as you notice any signs or symptoms of herpes, preferably during the prodrome stage that precedes the outbreak of lesions. In order for episodic therapy to effective, it must be taken no later than 1 day after a lesion appears. If taken during prodrome, episodic therapy may help prevent an outbreak from occurring or reduce its severity. If taken at the first sign of a lesion, it can help speed healing.
Suppressive Therapy for Recurrences
To suppress outbreaks, treatment requires taking pills daily on a long-term basis. Acyclovir and famciclovir are taken twice a day for suppression, valacyclovir once a day.
Suppressive treatment can reduce the frequency of outbreak recurrences by 70 - 80%. It is generally recommended for patients who have frequent recurrences (6 or more outbreaks per year). Because herpes recurrences often diminish over time, patients should discuss annually with their doctors whether they should stay with drug therapy or discontinue it.
There is some evidence that valacyclovir may help prevent herpes transmission particularly in situations where one heterosexual partner has herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and the other partner does not. However, this drug does not completely prevent transmission. While taking any suppressive therapy for genital herpes, it is still important to regularly use latex condoms and to avoid any sexual activity during recurrences.
Side Effects
Antiviral drugs are generally safe. The most common side effects are nausea, headache, and abdominal pain.
Treatment for Oral Herpes
Oral Treatments
Acyclovir (Zovirax, generic), valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir) -- the antiviral pills used to treat genital herpes -- can also treat the cold sores associated with oral herpes (herpes labialis). A new form of acyclovir (Sitavig) is administered orally as an adhesive tablet – the patient applies the tablet to the gum region of the mouth where it dissolves during the course of the day. In addition, acyclovir is available in topical form, as is a related drug penciclovir (Denavir).
Topical Treatments
These ointments or creams can help shorten healing time and duration of symptoms. However, none are truly effective in eliminating outbreaks.
- Penciclovir (Denavir) heals herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) sores on average about half a day faster than without treatment, stops viral shedding, and reduces the duration of pain. Ideally, the patient should apply the cream within the first hour of symptoms, although the medication can still help if applied later. The drug is continued for 4 consecutive days, and should be reapplied every 2 hours while awake.
- Acyclovirointment (Zovirax, generic) works best when applied early (at the first sign of pain or tingling).
- Docosanol cream (Abreva) is the only FDA-approved non-prescription ointment for oral herpes. The patient applies the cream five times a day, beginning at the first sign of tingling or pain.
- Over-the-counter topical ointments may provide modest relief. They include Anbesol gel, Blistex lip ointment, Camphophenique, Herpecin-L, Viractin, and Zilactin. Some contain a topical anesthetic such as benzocaine, tetracaine, or phenol.
Home Remedies
Patients can manage most herpes simplex infections that develop on the skin at home with over-the-counter painkillers and measures to relieve symptoms.
Symptomatic Relief
Several simple steps can produce some relief:
- Hygiene is important. Avoid touching the sores. Wash hands frequently during the day. Fingernails should be scrubbed daily. Keep the body clean.
- Drink plenty of water.
- Keep blisters or sores clean and dry with cornstarch or similar product. (Women should avoid using talcum powder in genital areas; some studies suggest that talcum powder may increase the risk for ovarian cancer.)
- Some peoplefind that drying the genital area with a blow dryer on the cool setting offers relief.
- Avoid tight-fitting clothing, which restricts air circulation and slows healing of the sores.
- Choose cotton underwear, rather than synthetic materials.
- Local application of ice packs may alleviate the pain and help reduce recurrences.
- Lukewarm baths may be helpful.
- Wearing sun block helps prevent sun-triggered recurrence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).
- Use over-the-counter medications, such as aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol, generic), or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, generic), to reduce fever and local tenderness.
Herbs and Supplements
Generally, manufacturers of herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not need FDA approval to sell their products. Just like a drug, herbs and supplements can affect the body's chemistry, and therefore have the potential to produce side effects that may be harmful. There have been several reported cases of serious and even lethal side effects from herbal products. Always check with your doctor before using any herbal remedies or dietary supplements.
Many herbal and dietary supplement products claim to help fight herpes infection by boosting the immune system. There has been little research on these products, and little evidence to show that they really work. Some are capsules taken by mouth. Others come in the form of ointment that is applied to the skin. Popular herbal and supplement remedies for herpes simplex include:
- Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea)
- Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus)
- Aloe (Aloe vera)
- Bee products that contain propolis, a tree resin collected by bees
- Lysine
- Zinc
The following are special concerns for people taking natural remedies for herpes simplex:
- Echinacea can lower white blood cell levels when taken for long periods of time. This herb can also interfere with drugs that are used to treat immune system disorders.
- Siberian ginseng can raise blood pressure levels.
- Bee products (like propolis) can cause allergic reactions in people who are allergic to bee stings.
- Lysine should not be taken with certain types of antibiotics.
- Taking zinc in large amounts (more than 200 mg/day) can cause stomach upset and an impaired sense of smell.
- www.ashastd.org -- American Social Health Association
- www.niaid.nih.gov -- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- www.cdc.gov/std/herpes -- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Berger JR, Houff S. Neurological complications of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Arch Neurol. May 2008; 65(5):596-600.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among persons aged 14 - 49 years -- United States, 2005-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Apr 23;59(15):456-9.
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Lebrun-Vignes B, Bouzamondo A, Dupuy A, Guillaume JC, Lechat P, Chosidow O. A meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of oral antiviral treatment to prevent genital herpes outbreaks. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Aug;57(2):238-46. Epub 2007 Apr 9.
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Advanced Studyec
Related Informationec
Review Date: 12/22/2013�
Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.


text:
Chula wrote:I've been practicing the eight precepts recently and what constitutes the five tonics came up... I was having dark chocolate with no milk in it, but was reading through the relevant section in the Vinaya and was struck by this:
"According to Mv.VI.16.1, even if the sugar has a little flour mixed in with it simply to make it firmer — as sometimes happens in sugar cubes and blocks of palm sugar — it is still classed as a tonic as long as it is still regarded simply as "sugar." If the mixture is regarded as something else — candy, for instance — it counts as a food and may not be eaten after noon of the day on which it is received."
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/auth ... .html#NP23
Doesn't this mean all chocolate is out? It also doesn't seem to be open to interpretation.
On a somewhat separate note, I know conjey is praised in the Vinaya (http://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?tit ... _of_conjey) and even in those days when monks only had one meal-a-day they used to have conjey in the mornings.. I was wondering if something similar (like oatmeal for example) is used in the West using the Great Standards.. This is obviously within the allowable time (sunrise to midday) - but I was interested since taking the Eight Precepts constitutes being a one-mealer (ekabatthika as the Arahants):
"'As long as they live, the arahants live on one meal a day, abstaining from food at night, refraining from food at the wrong time of day [from noon until dawn]. Today I too, for this day & night, live on one meal, abstaining from food at night, refraining from food at the wrong time of day. By means of this factor I emulate the arahants, and my Uposatha will be observed."
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka ... .than.html
alan wrote:Hope this question does not come off the wrong way, but it is another little thing that has been bugging me. I'd really to understand it.
Khalil Bodhi wrote:Incidentally, can you give any pointers as to where one might look for guidance on the issue of chocolate?
Dhammanando wrote:I think you've been misled by a translation of ekabhattika that is faithful to the wording (eka = one, bhatta = meal) but not to the meaning, for it conflates ekabhattika with ekaasanika.
Ekabhattika: "one-mealer" means eating only during one part of the day (from dawn to midday), but despite the wording it doesn't actually set any limit on how many meals are consumed during this period.
Ekaasanika: "one-session-eater" means eating just one meal a day.
And so all ekaasanikas are ekabhattikas, but not every ekabhattika is an ekaasanika. Ekaasanika is an optional dhutanga observance undertaken (chiefly) by the gluttonous, while ekabhattika is what the sixth precept entails and what arahants practise.
Dhammanando wrote:Khalil Bodhi wrote:Incidentally, can you give any pointers as to where one might look for guidance on the issue of chocolate?
Ven. Gavesako and I once discussed the chocolate question on an old E-sangha thread, but I don't know if it is cached anywhere. Here is what used to be the link for it: http://www.lioncity.net/buddhism/index.php?showtopic=68796
Best wishes,
Bubbabuddhist wrote:I recall the chocolate discussion! There was mention of debate on whether milk chocolate qualified or if only dark chocolate counted, also if chocolate was medicine or food. As I recalled, this thread also brought into discussion the topic of urine as medicine. Too bad it was lost.
Medicine: A bhikkhu's life depends on fermented urine as medicine. So he should take fermented urine as medicine and make an effort to practise dhamma. But there are special allowances: they are ghee, fresh butter, oil, honey and molasses. Having formally accepted them, he is to take them as medicine within seven days at most. On the seventh day he shall give them away. However, he may use them externally after the seventh day.
He can also take any allowable indigenous or Western medicine donated by devotees out of their faith in the Buddha sasana.


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|Tales for Twos
Event Type: Children's Program
Age Group(s): Children
Date: 10/1/2013
Start Time: 9:30 AM
End Time: 9:50 AM
Storytime for 2 years and parentsMap - Click here
Stories, activities, and a craft for 2 year olds with a parent. No registration required. Sign in at the Youth Services Desk prior to start time.
Location: Youth Services Activity Room
Contact: Youth Services
Contact Number: 708.532.0160 x.2


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With all the channels on broadcast TV and cable and the inevitable episode repeats, it's hard to sort out what's new or worthwhile. Let us sort it out for you so you don't miss anything worth watching. Times may vary with region; check your local listings for exact hour and channels. PBS shows have been omitted due to their location-specific programming.
Saturday (April 14)
Paula's Best Dishes: Teen actor Kenton Duty joins Paula to make some after-school snacks, including oatmeal raisin cookies, fried grouper, and veggie pizza. 10:00 a.m. ET, Food Network
Trisha's Southern Kitchen: Trisha throws a baby shower for her tour manager, where she serves up quiche, cheese straws, and brownies with coconut frosting. As a gift, she records a lullaby for the baby-to-be. 10:30 a.m. ET, Food Network
Food for Thought with Claire Thomas: Claire prepares an array of salads, including pasta salad, potato salad, and a roasted vegetable salad. Musician Nathan Pacheco also makes an appearance on this week's show. 11:30 a.m. ET, ABC
Kelsey's Essentials: Kelsey indulges her sweet tooth this Saturday, with homemade candy bars, pomegranate and lime lollipops, and an ice cream-pie shake. 2:30 p.m. ET, Cooking Channel
Hunger Hits Home: This Food Network special focuses on childhood hunger in America. The program considers the causes of, and potential solutions to, this crisis and visits the families, activists, and politicians dedicated to its resolution. 8 p.m. ET, Food Network
Sunday (April 15)
Rachael Ray's Week in a Day: Rachael's week of meals includes recipes for pork tenderloin, spaghetti bolognese, a reuben-inspired shepard's pie, and a curious sounding french bread pizza with french-onion soup topping. 9 a.m. ET, Food Channel
Guy's Big Bite: Guy takes some big bites out of pork burgers and spare ribs with a tequila barbecue sauce. 10:30 a.m. ET, Food Network
Sandwich King: This weekend, Jeff's sandwiches take a health-conscious turn, with grilled veggies on flatbread and chicken salad served on tortillas. 11 a.m. ET, Food Network
The Best Thing I Ever Made: Alton Brown and Sunny Anderson share their favorite chicken dishes, cooking up a roast chicken and chicken potpie. 11:30 a.m. ET, Food Network
Not My Mama's Meals: Bobby Deen sets himself apart from 'ma with lite versions of fried chicken and fried green tomatoes. 12:30 p.m. ET, Food Network
David Rocco's Amalfi Getaway: David's Italian voyage takes him to a top-notch winery and a wine festival in Ravello. In between sips, he also learn how to make a traditional squid dish. 3:30 p.m. ET, Cooking Channel
Cupcake Wars: Four bakers compete to have their unique cupcake creations served at a party for the children's program "Yo Gabba Gabba! Live!" 8 p.m. ET, Food Network
Chopped: In this second episode of the five-part All-Stars program, Keegan Gerhard, Jeffrey Saad, Aarti Sequeira, and Marcela Valladolid compete for a donation to their charity of choice. 9 p.m. ET, Food Network
Iron Chef America: Iron Chef Jose Garces goes head to head with "Chopped: Champions" winner Madison Cowan. Judges include Karine Bakhoum, Laurent Tourondel and Farmer Lee Jones. 10 p.m. ET, Food Network
Unique Sweets: The team visits popular brunch spots in search of decadently sweet morning treats. 10:30 p.m. ET, Cooking Channel


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Results 1 to 8 of 8
Thread: TTC in your 40's
14th January 2012 03:29 PM #1
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TTC in your 40's
I conceived my 5th baby when I was 40 and gave birth just before my 41st birthday. However studies show that a healthy woman at age 40 only has about a 5% chance of conceiving each month as compared to a woman aged 30, who has about a 20% chance of conceiving each month. (American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Age and fertility: A guide for patients. Birmingham, Alabama: American Society for Reproductive Medicine; 2003)
I know that I did not see good signs of fertility every month at that age, but there was a month when I saw good signs of fertility, and that's the month we conceived.
There are many things you can do to turn back your biological clock so that your chances of conceiving are higher, even if you're in your early 40's.
Are you thinking about having a baby in your 40's. What questions or concerns do you have?
Last edited by 5Homebirths4Kate; 16th January 2012 at 02:41 PM.
15th January 2012 09:33 AM #2
I had my last baby at 39 years (so not quite 40) - with all my pregnancies it took me a while to conceive (anywhere from 6 to 11 months from when we started trying). To help things a long I charted my cycle, monitored my cervical mucous and took my temperature everyone morning so I knew when I was most fertile. This helped greatly increase our chances of conceiving. I also did 3 months of preconception care before baby's number 2 and 3 (I wasn't aware of preconception care with baby no. 1).
I was concerned with the increased risk of Down's Syndrome with my last baby - but decided not to do any tests to find out as we would not do anything differently even if the baby was Downs.
A lot of women talk to me about the increased risks of giving birth later in life. However other than the increased risk of chromosomal issues with the baby there aren't any issues (except if the mother has pre existing medical conditions). My experience is that women 40+ give birth beautifully.
FYI - Wikipedia quote "At age 40 - 44% will have a conception ending in a live birth within one year and 64% will have a conception ending in a live birth within four years".
1st February 2012 09:26 AM #3
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I am not quite 40 but my husband and I have been considering having another baby. We are both worried about having fertility issues like we did the first time and after seeing how much more difficult becoming pregnant gets as we get older, I'm not sure if I want to go through that again. It was a very difficult time.
What other risks are associated with have a baby in later years? I know that the potential for downs syndrome goes up and like you Aussiemid wife I wouldn't even have the tests to see because I wouldn't terminate the pregnancy. I refused all of those tests time around since they aren't always 100% right. Are there any other things we should think about or consider?
Does the risk of Preeclampsia, diabetes or anything else go up in your 40's?
1st February 2012 10:28 AM #4
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In answer to your question "Does the risk of Preeclampsia, diabetes or anything else go up in your 40's?", I believe the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and miscarriage goes up as you get older.
However, I have known a number of moms who have an uneventful pregnancy and give birth in their 40's with minimal or no intervention.
I can fully understand your hesitancy to embark on another pregnancy journey if your first experience was difficult for you. There are some mothers who have a driving force within them to have a child and they'll do all they can to make that happen. It sounds like you're not there right now, and whether that will change in the future or not has yet to be seen.
It's great that you're asking the tough questions now because you may have to deal with difficult circumstances if you choose to conceive again. There's no guarantee that baby would be healthy and your pregnancy would be uneventful. So it's good for you to work things through now so you're prepared for a challenge should it arise later.
But I'd also encourage you to be sure that if you decided not to try for another child, that you'd be completely okay with that later, and you wouldn't regret that decision. That's something my lactation consultant shared with me when I was having such a hard time breastfeeding my first baby. My nipples were cracked and bleeding, and it was extremely painful for 3 months. I got to the point where I was just ready to give up when she said, "It's okay for you to stop. But I want you to be absolutely sure that you won't regret it later." When I thought about that, I realized that I really DID want to have a successful breastfeeding experience and that I would regret it if I gave up. So I persevered and things got easier after 3 months and I went on to breastfeed that first baby for a year and the other four children for 2-3 years.
Do your research, ask the questions, and remember that many mums give birth to healthy babies after the age of 40 (I'm one of them) and be sure you wouldn't regret the decision not to try again. When you have peace about the decision you make, you'll know it's the right one for you and your family.
3rd February 2012 07:26 AM #5
The main risk of giving birth in later years is the increased incidence of genetic problems with the baby (mainly Downs Syndrome). At forty the risk is 1 in 84 - so the majority of babies are born healthy. Many women in this age group I see decide not to test for Downs as, like you doublesunshine, they would not intervene in the pregnancy. You could consider an ultrasound at 18 to 20 weeks to see if there are any major abnormalities with the baby - this may change the place of birth you are planning for. But ultrasound does not necessarily pick up all abnormalities and the long term implications are not known.
Women 35 years and over do have a slightly higher-than-average risk of miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes, as well as a slightly increased chance of needing a caesarean birth (I think this is mainly due to a high proportion of these women having private health insurance and choosing private health care - well known for increasing the caesarean rate). But only a slight increase in these problems has been recorded and, in most cases, any problems that do occur are minor. Naturally, an older womans experience with pregnancy depends to a large extent on her underlying health. If youre healthy, problems are much less likely to occur.
Good pregnancy care will pick up any problems that arise - so other than considering genetic screening there are no additional tests.
3rd February 2012 09:44 AM #6
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Thank you Kate and Aussiemidwife,
You both gave me some very helpful information and good things to think about. I know you are right that I have to really consider how my husband and I will feel if we choose not to conceive again. I don't ever want to have regrets in this life so we will thoughfully consider what we should do.
Thanks again!
20th October 2016 04:31 AM #7
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Did not see this thread before so apologize for re-posting. I have few questions for you regarding my fertility. I am 41 years old and have a beautiful little girl who is almost 3. We have been trying to get pregnant again since October of 2015. I did not pregnant right after but unfortunately miscarried at 6 weeks back in December. Since then I have not conceived. We have gone to fertility specialist and had all kind of test done back in February 2016 and we were told that every thing looks normal and suggested to try for another 6 months
FSH 7.7 mIU/mL mIU/mL
Anti-Mullerian Hormone 1.1 ng/mL (standard 0.9 - 9.5 ng/mL)
Progesterone 14.1 ng/mL ng/mL (not sure which day but guessing luteal phase)
Prolactin 8.5 ng/mL (standard 1.4 - 24.2 ng/mL)
I have been tracking my temperature for the last month but before that I was using digital ovulation kit and I will get the positive surge usually at day 12.
Recently I went back to by fertility specialist and he suggested that the next step is clomid! I am nervous about that since we do not want twins! I would like to get pregnant naturally if possible! I have cut down all sugar and started acupuncture with Chinese herbs! Do you have any suggestion for me? Should I just take the drug?
21st October 2016 03:11 AM #8


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Dierks Bentley's 'Miles & Music For Kids' ACM's August charity
Listen to Dierks Bentley on iHeartRadio
Dierks Bentley's charity is getting a little help from the Academy of Country Music. The singer's "Miles & Music For Kids" is the ACM Lifting Lives August "My Cause." Bentley says he's proud his annual event makes a difference.
Each fall Bentley hosts "Miles & Music For Kids," which features a motorcycle ride and all-star concert.
Bentley adds that he's grateful for all the support he's received for the event, from the stars who take part in the ride and concert as well as from the fans.
He launched "Miles & Music For Kids" in Nashville in 2006, and in recent years has also staged the event in seven other cities.
To date Bentley's charitable effort has brought in more than $2.5 million for the Children's Miracle Networks Hospitals.
Photo Credit Getty Images


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Columbus Day Sale EventOctober 5, 2012 No Comments
Wave our flags high and proud as Columbus Day comes near. Annually celebrated on the second day of October, this event commemorates the historic day that marked that the renowned Italian explorer and conquistador Christopher Columbus first set his foot on America. And to take part in this celebration, TonerBoss, the leading HP toner cartridges […]Tags: columbus day, columbus day sale, ink cartridges, promo on inks, toner cartridges, TonerBoss Coupon Codes, TonerBoss Coupons, tonerboss promosFeatures, Industry News, Tonerboss News, Tonerboss Promos


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SORRENTO — The Ascension Parish Sheriff's Office found no criminal intent in its investigation into the Sorrento Police Department but did turn up several deficiencies, Sheriff Jeff Wiley said Thursday.
Wiley said he concluded after the roughly two-month investigation that Sorrento is a "dysfunctional town" that needs to seriously consider whether it's providing the proper services to its residents or if it needs to become part of the parish again, where it would receive coverage from the Sheriff's Office and public works services from parish government.
Mayor Wilson Longanecker Jr. stopped short of saying he agreed with Wiley's recommendation, but he did say the town has blown through almost all of its savings and might not be able to provide the goods and services that residents expect.
"The way this town's going with this reckless spending, we can only go in the piggy bank so much and then the piggy bank's dry," the mayor said.
Wiley said the Sheriff's Office was presented a "litany of allegations" against the Sorrento Police Department, including alleged payroll fraud, evidence mishandling and illegal use of department vehicles. Deputies didn't find any criminal activity, the sheriff said.
The sheriff assigned two veteran supervisors to oversee the investigation, which Wiley said involved "multiple interviews and an extensive paper trail." He said Sorrento officials, including Longanecker and police Chief Earl Theriot, were "very cooperative" with the investigation, and the Sheriff's Office turned over its findings and recommendations to the District Attorney's Office.
"I do concur with Sheriff Wiley's conclusion," 23rd Judicial District Attorney Ricky Babin said via email. "There exists considerable deficits in the management of the department in the areas of personnel records, evidence gathering, storage and disposal. But no criminal wrongdoing was uncovered by the sheriff's police investigation."
Theriot was unavailable to comment on the investigation's findings. Town Clerk Fern Barnett said Theriot had been out sick all week, and attempts to reach him by phone at his home were unsuccessful.
Longanecker, said he wasn't surprised by the Sheriff's Office's conclusions about the Police Department. He believed what the investigation would turn up would be "minor infractions" but nothing criminal.
"The results came back pretty much how I thought they were going to come back," Longanecker said.
During the course of the investigation, Wiley said, deputies discovered the source of the Sorrento Police Department's problems — that it was "underfunded, understaffed and underled." He said the department was lacking in resources, training and sufficient supervision.
However, he added, that doesn't separate the Sorrento Police Department from any other one its size, as small law enforcement agencies typically fight uphill battles.
"You could go to virtually any small department in the river parishes and you would find the same thing," Wiley said.
What the deputies didn't find was "any willful dereliction" of duties, the sheriff said.
Wiley said he invited the Office of the State Inspector General to investigate the payroll fraud allegation, which found that five officers had been paid a total of $239 for working the same time for the Police Department and security at River Parishes Community College.
The problem, investigators concluded, came from how the Police Department handled its time sheets — with officers filling them out every two weeks or every month, rather than daily. Wiley said there was no evidence that the five officers committed anything other than "human error" on their time sheets.
In addition, Wiley said investigators found a trail of evidence being disposed of in a bayou rather than through proper protocol, "unfounded" allegations of harassment and excessive force, and a "bizarre and totally unsubstantiated" complaint that Theriot's son broke into the department's evidence room and stole guns.
"When you look at everything, nothing really stood out at you as some big unethical process or procedure," Longanecker said. "I didn't see anything."
The mayor said his biggest complaint was the town spent approximately $35,000 on the investigation, which is roughly 10 percent of the town's budget that isn't already allocated to the Police Department. While he said it was good to get recommendations from the Sheriff's Office on ways to improve the department, he doesn't believe it was worth the cost.
"I don't want to pay $35,000 for bad publicity," Longanecker said. "That's basically what we did."


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Electric Zoo Organizers Unveil Mandatory Anti-Drug PSA
Anyone headed to this year's Electric Zoo festival has some new required viewing to take care of first.
Organizers have released a two-minute anti-drug PSA that all attendees will have to watch before they can activate their wristbands for the New York City EDM event later this month. The video was directed by "Sopranos" and "Dexter" writer James Manos Jr., and is part of Electric Zoo's new "Come to Life" campaign.
The campaign and video is meant to make festival-goers think about the potential negative consequences of taking MDMA, Molly, or other psychedelics and avoid those risks.
Last year, the Electric Zoo festival was cut short following a pair of deadly drug overdoses. To avoid repeating history, organizers also plan to increase the amount of undercover police officers, add drug-sniffing dogs, and conduct background checks on all of the on-site vendors and employees.
The 2014 edition of the Electric Zoo festival is scheduled to take place August 29th through the 31st at Randall's Island Park. Some of the acts taking part include David Guetta, Zedd, Kaskade, and many more. The full lineup is available at ElectricZooFestival.com.


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Find people in your neighborhood who are looking to hook up, looking for love, or looking for something-in-between.
Discover your local LGBTQ+ community and explore neigborhoods from around the world.
Did someone close to you just come out? Do you want to share your own story? Connect your community and find resources close to you. Everyone is welcome!


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It works with the broadcom sta drivers.
Hi, I'm probably going to buy a HP Mini (HP*Mini*110-1117CA). I was wondering if anyone has one and how well Backtrack works with it. Were there any compatibility issues, network card problems ect.
I believe the wireless chip is a 4312 Boadcom. Has anyone gotten it to work or does it not?
Thanks in advance,
It works with the broadcom sta drivers.
Broadcom wireless will be limited as of now. Look for a notebook with a different wireless card, or think about replacing the existing one.
Perhaps try looking for something similar to this, for your specific model -
Compiled HP/COMPAQ Mini 311 BIOS patches • MyHPMini.com
Your warranty would probably go kaput though.


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WEST Mercia Police officers and staff will stage a soccer match at Bromsgrove this Sunday, January 12 to raise funds for the Georgia Williams Trust.
The match between the North Worcestershire and Telford and Wrekin Territorial Policing Units will kick off at 3pm on the all-weather pitch at Bromsgrove School in Worcester Road, with the Georgia Williams Football Trophy up for grabs.
Spectators will be invited to donate £1 and each player will donate £5 to the trust which aims to generate funds and activities to enable young people to participate in life-building activities and contribute to the local community.
The trust was set up to provide a lasting legacy to 17-year-old Georgia following her murder at Wellington, Telford, last year and in the first six months after it was established it managed to raise £30,000.
The match has been organised by Redditch-based PC Stuart Baugh who said: "We wanted to put on a charity match here in North Worcestershire and the links with Telford through Georgia's father, who is a serving police officer with West Mercia, made it all the more fitting to do that on behalf of the trust.
"We are hoping for a good turn-out on Sunday afternoon and I'm sure it will be an enjoyable occasion for all concerned. There has been a good response from officers and staff in both areas and the fact that anyone who is booked will be asked to make a further donation should help ensure that the match played in the right spirit."
Richard Langton, chairman of trust, said: "The match is the latest in a growing number of fundraisers from colleagues of Georgia's dad Steve, which have included running full and half marathons and even moustache-growing.
"We very much hope that this will become an annual event and to play for a trophy in Georgia's name will be particularly poignant. I am sure it will be proudly displayed in whichever police station it ends up in."
Further information about the trust is available at thegeorgiawilliamstrust.org. The trust can also be followed at facebook.com/thegeorgiawilliamstrust.


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[Date Index]
[Thread Index]
[Author Index]
Re: Adding a notebook (or folder) to the Mathematica Front End menus?
The best place for it is in the Help system:
1. Copy your MMA Notes.nb etc to
C:\Program Files\Wolfram
(or your user addons directory)
2. Create BrowserCategories.m
3. Help->Rebuild Help Index
4. Use it as F1->Add-ons & Links->MMA Notes
AES wrote:
> I have a Mathematica notebook called "MMA Notes" that's my own personal
> online clipping file of Mathematica notes, tricks, and templates, which
> I can open when needed during a Mathematica session.
> Any simple way to make it directly accessible to be opened from one of
> the Mathematica Front End menus in Mac OS X, Mathematica 5.1?
> [It's accessible in one of my DragThing docks, and also often accessible
> in the File >> Open Recent menu from it's last previous use; but I'd
> like to put it, and maybe other selected notebooks, in a folder that
> would be accessible either in the File >> Palettes menu or, even better,
> in a File >> MMA Notes menu that would be located right under the File
> >> Palettes menu.]


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Laplace went on to write a wide-ranging text explaining the mechanics of the heavens without using miracles.
Secondly, that he was a protg of Laplace, and of the Polignac party, and also an outspoken man.
In mathematics do you look upon Euler, Laplace, or Gauss as fools?
Laplace's nebular hypothesis was proposed by Laplace during the year 1796.
But the American got nearer to Horace than the martyr-philosopher to Laplace.
Some of them, as enumerated by Laplace, are the following:—1.
It could not be overlooked, and accordingly he invited Laplace to come and see him.
Footnote 9: The examiner in mathematics was the great Laplace.
Accordingly he appointed Laplace to be Minister of the Interior.
Nor does it mend matters to say, as Laplace often does say, that it is "easy to see" how one step follows from another.
in scientific phrases, a reference to French astronomer and mathematician Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749-1827).