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Tobirama Senju (千手扉間, Senju Tobirama) was a member of the renown Senju clan, who, together with his elder brother, and the Uchiha clan founded the first shinobi village: Konohagakure. Tobirama would work tirelessly to achieve political stability and implement the institutions that made the village system work, thus ensuring Konoha's continuity and prosperity. After his brother's death, he would succeed the title of SecondHokage (二代目火影, Nidaime Hokage, Literally meaning:Second Fire Shadow).
- Personality
- Appearance
- Abilities
- Part I
- Part II
- Legacy
- In Other Media
- Trivia
- Quotes
- References
Background Edit[1]
Tobirama was born during the Warring States Period, and was the second ofButsuma Senju's four sons. He and his brothers grew up on the battlefield waging constant war with their rivalling clans especially the Uchiha. After the deaths of their brothers: Kawarama and later Itama, Tobirama and his older brother, Hashirama, decided a new shinobi system would need to be implemented to end the cycle of child deaths — a system that would require an alliance between the warring clans.[5] At some point in time, it became apparent that Hashirama got into the habit of disappearing into the forest for extended periods, and as such, Tobirama accepted his father's assignment to follow Hashirama and find out what he was doing.
From tracking Hashirama, Tobirama discovered that he was meeting with a boy named Madara: a young Uchiha. After Tobirama reported this to their father, Butsuma pressured Hashirama to lead Madara into an ambush to be carried out by himself and Tobirama. Upon springing the trap, however, they were met by Madara's family, who had similar plans and while their fathers clashed, Tobirama fought Izuna, Madara's younger brother.[6] Hashirama and Madara were able to negotiate a temporary ceasefire, allowing all of them to walk away without bloodshed. In the years following their families would continue to clash, Hashirama against Madara and Tobirama against Izuna. On one occasion Tobirama eventually mortally wounded Izuna.[3]
Hashirama, by then the leader of the Senju, tried to use Izuna's fate to broker peace between their clans, but Madara — at Izuna's behest — refused. His refusal increasingly became the minority view, with individual Uchiha siding with the Senju in growing numbers. After Izuna succumbed to his injuries, Madara, wracked with grief, made one final stand against the Senju and was summarily defeated. Tobirama attempted to kill Madara to finally end the fighting, but Hashirama stopped him, knowing that would only renew hostilities between the Senju and Uchiha. Madara offered to surrender if Hashirama would kill himself or Tobirama.[7] Hashirama agreed to take his own life, and as he made preparations he instructed Tobirama, despite his protests, not to seek retribution. Madara ultimately withdrew his request and agreed to peace.
The Senju, the Uchiha, and all their affiliated clans came together to found Konohagakure, a village of peace where children would never need to die in battle.[8] Although Hashirama was optimistic about the village's future, Tobirama remained realistic about how that future would be achieved knowing that it was not enough to simply bring all these clans together. He believed the Uchiha — Madara in particular — threatened that future. When Hashirama wanted to give Madara the position of Hokage, Tobirama forced him to open the selection to a democratic process rather than appointing a leader, leading to Hashirama's election instead.[9] Tobirama would continue to act as the voice of reason throughout Hashirama's tenure; during the first Kage Summit, Hashirama wanted to give Konoha'stailed beasts to the other newly-formed villages for free, but Tobirama insisted that the villages pay for the tailed beasts they received.[10][4]
Despite Hashirama's headstrong leadership, the new system of ninja villages achieved peace for a time. Tobirama was able to start training his own three-man team consisting of Hiruzen Sarutobi, Homura Mitokado, and Koharu Utatane.[11] Techniques he had created, such as the Shadow Clone Technique and Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation, he outlawed, their use no longer being needed. But peace would ultimately be temporary; Madara challenged Hashirama's authority and the two fought at what would become the Valley of the End. When Madara was killed in the battle, Tobirama took his body in order to study the Sharingan, and then buried it in an unmarked grave.[12] Conflicts would start emerging elsewhere in the world, and it was during one of these that Hashirama would die.[1] Before his death, he passed the title of Hokage to Tobirama and left him instructions to not mistreat the Uchiha.[13]
Tobirama's role as Hokage was to help Konoha's shinobi transition from valuing their clan above all else to valuing the village as a whole.[14] To this end he created such institutions as the Academy, theAnbu, and the Chūnin Exams. While largely successful, enough that other villages adopted the same organisations,[3] the Uchiha resisted the loss of their autonomy. Already wary of the Uchiha because of his history with Madara, Tobirama created the Konoha Military Police Force for the Uchiha to run, publicly as a sign of trust but primarily so that the Uchiha could focus their energies into something beneficial. Others, however, would come to see this as a way to marginalise the clan.[15][5]
Like Hashirama before him, Tobirama tried to foster good relations with the other villages. He planned an alliance between Konoha andKumogakure, but during a formal ceremony he and the Second Raikagewere attacked by the Gold and Silver Brothers and left near death.[16]Konoha and Kumo eventually ended up on opposing sides during theFirst Shinobi World War. While on a mission during the war, Tobirama, his team, as well as Danzō Shimura, Torifu Akimichi, and Kagami Uchiha(one of the few Uchiha to move beyond his clan) found themselves surrounded by Kumo's Kinkaku Force. With no way for all of them to escape, Tobirama volunteered to act as decoy. He passed the title of Hokage to Hiruzen before sending them off, and died a noble death.[17]
Personality Edit
Tobirama was a composed individual with a pragmatic approach to life. He believed that, through well-defined rules and laws, many of the world's problems could be solved.[5] In many ways he was a counter-weight to his older brother Hashirama's ideals; when Hashirama would get carried away with his headstrong optimism, it fell to Tobirama to mediate and force a more realistic alternative in order to achieve those idealistic goals. Hashirama was typically disappointed by Tobirama's intervention, but he usually agreed without much protest;[18] on the rare occasions he disagreed, it was a sign that Tobirama's methods were becoming too forceful, creating a mutual balance.[19] Tobirama likewise, despite how often he needed to undermine his brother and his personal opinion that Hashirama was something of an idiot,[20] greatly loved and respected him, and if anything wanted Hashirama to respect himself the same way he and others did.[21][6]
Tobirama was a firm believer in the Will of Fire — a philosophy that held that all villagers of Konoha were part of a family. Any who threatened Konoha were subject to his rarely-seen but unbridled rage.[22] As Hokage, it was not only his responsibility to protect that family at all costs but also to encourage the disparate villagers of the same view: to move away from the idealism of only think about their clan and that they should think of the village as a whole.[14] It was for this reason that he came into conflict with the Uchiha and Madara so frequently, as he felt they too often valued their own desires over others'.[23] This often gave him the appearance of being prejudiced against the clan and its members,[24] but he was in fact perfectly capable of spotting and happy to cooperate with any Uchiha that could overcome their "Curse of Hatred"; he believed Kagami Uchiha was a perfect example of this transcended Uchiha.[25]
Tobirama believed both Hashirama and Madara's extreme personalities were necessary components to being Hokage. Hashirama was too soft, whereas Madara was too ruthless. Learning from them, he tried to find a balance between Hashirama and Madara as he didn't have someone to balance him out, unlike his brother. Though they only knew each other for a short time, Tobirama and Minato Namikaze, the Fourth Hokage, got along superbly. Their mutual respect for each other seemed founded on their similarities: both of them famously moving and thinking quickly on the battlefield.[26][27] While their actual personalities were quite different, Tobirama was nevertheless amused by Minato's quirks such as his complicated names for techniques, such as the "Spiralling Flash Super Round Dance Howl Style Three".[28]
Befitting his composed and pragmatic nature, Tobirama was a stern man who spoke bluntly about most topics, never sugar-coating facts or the matter at hand. He was reasonable more than anything, remaining calm and even-handed in all situations, having acted as the voice of reason to his brother throughout his reign. Despite this, he could be too far-sighted and ruthlessly pragmatic at times, having created the Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation, in spite of its extremely vile nature, as well as creating the Konoha Military Police Force and pushing the Uchiha to the very outskirts of the village, which gave them more autonomy but cut them off from having any political influence on the village. Both of these events lead to disastrous results after his death.
While not one to get blinded or hindered by emotion or petty notions, he had a streak of pride. He insisted Naruto use proper honourifics when talking to him and berated Naruto for the way he talked about the Shadow Clone Technique, his creation. He also got embarrassed when Hashirama forced his opinion on him in front of others.
Appearance Edit[7]
Tobirama was a fair-skinned man with white, shaggy hair and dark-coloured eyes (depicted as red in the anime). He had three red markings on his face, one under each of his eyes and one on his chin. In combat, he wore blue armour with a distinctive white fur collar over a simple black suit. This armour was constructed from numerous metal plates, formed into multiple protective guards along his body. Beneath his shoulder armour he wore two bands on each arm. This clothing was accompanied by sandals and a happuri in place of the more traditionalforehead protector. The happuri was initially engraved with the Senju's emblem, which was later replaced with Konoha's.
In his official Hokage portrait, Tobirama was seen wearing the usual all-white haori with a blue kimono underneath.[29] His casual outfit was a simple, short-sleeved, blue shirt kimono with mesh armour underneath and held closed by a pale yellow sash. This casual attire included blue pants and a bracelet of sorts on his left hand.
As a child, he wore a pair of pin-striped pants and shirt which left his arms exposed. He also did not have the markings on his face.[30] In battle, his armour was constructed from green metal plates that covered his torso, lower behind, and groin alongside fishnet armour around his wrists and shins.[31]
==Abilities Edit==[8]
Tobirama was one of the most powerful shinobi in history, earning praise from Madara on several occasions.[32] He even defeated Izuna, Madara's brother and equal in skills and power.[33] Danzō stated that Tobirama's prowess was unmatched during his time as Hokage.[34] He also survived a battle with the Gold and Silver Brothers, who possessed the Nine-Tails' chakra and wielded the Treasured Tools of the Sage of Six Paths.[16] In the anime, Tobirama could cast genjutsu to lock a target in perpetual darkness for the technique's duration.[35]
Physical and Chakra Prowess Edit
Tobirama was hailed as the fastest shinobi during his lifetime, and in fact earned praise from Konoha's Yellow Flash. While this recognition was due in large part to his space–time ninjutsu, he was capable of moving fast enough on his own to cover a target with explosive tags without them noticing.[27] In the anime, Tobirama is shown moving quickly while underwater.[36] His chakra reserves were large enough to teleport two Tailed Beast Mode users simultaneously, and strong enough to create a surge of wind and crack an entire wall when released.[37] Chakra aside, he had a will strong enough to overcome even the nearly perfected control of the Impure World Reincarnation.[38] His chakra control was advanced enough to perform complex techniques with only one hand seal.[39][40]
Ninjutsu Edit[9]
As a Senju, Tobirama was skilled in different ninjutsu forms, including the Summoning Technique[4] and barrier ninjutsu.[41] He was skilledwith a sword, enough to clash with Izuna on multiple occasions; in the anime, it was said that he wielded and mastered the Sword of the Thunder God, a blade with electrical abilities.[42] He also created various innovative techniques during his lifetime, such as the Shadow Clone Technique.[43]
Even as a child, Tobirama was a gifted sensor.[44] By simply touching the ground with his finger, he could accurately detect the presence and location of enemy shinobi in the surrounding area.[45] He was even able to sense others from countries away[46] and can identify a target's clan from their chakra.[14] He was also able to pinpoint the exact location of an enemy even when blinded by heavy mist.[47]
Nature Transformation Edit[10]
Tobirama was able to use all five basic nature transformations, along with Yin and Yang Release.[4] He was most famous for his mastery ofWater Release, and in fact his ability to create vast quantities of water without a water source contributed to his appointment as Hokage.[48] He could shoot high pressure streams from his mouth to slice through targets,[49] create defensive walls, launch large water dragons,[48] or fireneedle-shaped projectiles from his mouth.[50] The anime expands on his abilities with water in several areas, showing him capable of covering an entire battlefield in it and shaping it into tendrils to pull targets down with him to drown them.[36]
====Space–Time Ninjutsu Edit====[11]
One of the various techniques Tobirama created during his life was theFlying Thunder God Technique.[51] Though it was made famous by Minato Namikaze, Tobirama's skill with it and other space–time ninjutsuis still remembered.[52] Using the technique he could instantly teleport to the location of anything or anyone marked with his (or another's) special seal.[53][54] By tagging an area with marked kunai or simply throwing the kunai with precise timing, he could move around an area quickly and strike at the most opportune moment. When used with a sword, he canlaunch an instanteous strike.[7] Tobirama was not limited to teleporting himself, as he could bring others with him, though he needed to provide the chakra for their transport.[55] Whether remaining in direct contact with his target or not, and as long as they were somehow connected to his chakra, he did not need to accompany who or whatever he was teleporting.[56][57]
Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation Edit
Tobirama's most infamous creation is the Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation, which can be used to revive the dead into immortal, regenerating bodies.[58][59] He invented the Mutually Multiplying Explosive Tags to take advantage of the revived bodies' natural advantages, using them inkamikaze-like attacks to create near-infinite chains of explosions on a target.[27] Tobirama has not actually been seen using the Impure World Reincarnation - and in fact labelled it kinjutsu hoping it wouldn't be used by anyone again[60] - but he was said to use it whenever he needed to clear a map;[61] it's suggested that he could only control a small number of reincarnated bodies at once,[62] whose power was limited compared to themselves alive.[38]
Intelligence Edit
In battle, Tobirama was calculating, striking only when he's confident of success and without any thought of mercy.[63] According to Madara, Tobirama was known for launching surprise attacks on opponents who think they've won and have let their guard down. In order to capitalise on every possible advantage, he pays careful attention to every aspect of a battle, analysing opponents' strategies and techniques to discern their purpose, mechanics, and ultimately their weaknesses. He was similarly knowledgeable of skills he has no training in, being able to recognise a toad from Mount Myōboku and different types of advanced nature transformations.
Part I Edit
Konoha Crush Edit
Main article: Konoha Crush[12]
Orochimaru invades Konoha so that he can kill his master, Hiruzen Sarutobi. Because Orochimaru wants Hiruzen to experience the same thrill of fighting a teacher as he is, he reincarnates Hashirama and Tobirama. Recognising Hiruzen and seeing how old he has gotten, Hashirama realises how long he's been dead. Tobirama, meanwhile, realises that they've been brought back with the Impure World Reincarnation, and therefore will have no choice but to fight Hiruzen. Orochimaru suppresses their personalities and forces them to attack.[13]
Hiruzen struggles to land an attack against Hashirama and Tobirama, their coordination and responsiveness offering him few openings. The few attacks he does land are merely regenerated by their reincarnated bodies. Because killing Orochimaru will not end the Impure World Reincarnation, Hiruzen uses the only option he has left: after creating two shadow clones, he has a clone capture each of the deceased Hokage and use the Dead Demon Consuming Seal on them. With their personalities restored, Hashirama and Tobirama apologise for being such troubles to him, just as Hiruzen apologises for the fate he has sentenced them to. He pulls the souls from their reincarnated bodies, feeding them to the Shinigami for all eternity.
Part II Edit
Fourth Shinobi World War: Climax Edit
Main article: Fourth Shinobi World War: Climax[14]
At the request of Sasuke Uchiha, Orochimaru releases the souls of the first four Hokage from the stomach of the Shinigami and then reincarnates them. After taking in their surroundings, Hashirama and Tobirama are excited to meet Minato, the Fourth, and take him as a sign of Konoha's continued prosperity. When Tobirama scolds Orochimaru for his repeated use of the Impure World Reincarnation, Orochimaru instead blames Tobirama for creating it in the first place. He also blames Tobirama for a number of his other actions as Hokage, such as theKonoha Military Police Force that helped foster Uchiha dissent.[15]
Hashirama reprimands Tobirama for not honouring his instructions to treat the Uchiha fairly. When Sasuke threatens to destroy Konoha, Tobirama feels validated in his treatment of the Uchiha and prepares to attack Sasuke, but Hashirama forces him to stop. When they are told ofMadara Uchiha's reincarnation and participation in the ongoing Fourth Shinobi World War, Tobirama cannot be reasoned with and only Orochimaru's refined control of the Impure World Reincarnation stops him. Tobirama is forced to standby and listen as Hashirama explains his personal experiences with Madara and the Uchiha, and adds some of his own experiences after Hashirama's story ends. From listening to the four Hokage, Sasuke decides he doesn't want Konoha to be destroyed, as is Madara's current intention. Orochimaru releases the Hokage from his control so that they can help in this goal, and they set out for the site of the Allied Shinobi Forces' battle with theTen-Tails.[16]
Tobirama arrives on the battlefield shortly after Minato and compliments his speed. Once all the Hokage gather, they combine efforts to erect abarrier around the Ten-Tails to confine it. Tobirama must stay with the barrier in order to keep it active, so he watches as Sasuke and the Allies attack the Ten-Tails. When Obito Uchiha appears on the battlefield and prepares to revive Madara, Tobirama creates two shadow clones to go after Madara. Minato once again beats him to the punch, cutting down Obito before Madara can be revived.
===Birth of the Ten-Tails' Jinchūriki Edit===
Main article: Birth of the Ten-Tails' Jinchūriki[17]
Not only was Madara's revival not his intention, but Minato's attack was too late: Obito seals the Ten-Tails into himself, becoming its jinchūriki. With his new power, Obito rips down the barrier, allowing the Hokage to finally join the fray. While trying to decide how to proceed, Obito cuts through Tobirama and one of Hashirama's wood clones. While the clone restrains Obito, Tobirama tells everyone else to evacuate the area while he uses Mutually Multiplying Explosive Tags. The attack has no effect, and Hiruzen and Minato engage Obito while Tobirama regenerates. Once restored, he sends a shadow clone to redirect a Truth-Seeking Ball that's been attached to Minato back to Obito, having earlier branded him with a Flying Thunder God seal.[18]
Tobirama, Minato, Sasuke, and Naruto Uzumaki coordinate efforts to attack Obito with Flying Thunder God Mutually Instantaneous Revolving Technique, but Obito emerges without damage. What's more, from observing that Minato has not regenerated an arm lost to Obito, Tobirama theorises that Obito's Truth-Seeking Balls can nullify the advantages of the Impure World Reincarnation and all other ninjutsu. In a blind gamble, Gamakichi attacks Obito with the Starch Syrup Gun, which actually seems to have some success. Tobirama and Naruto separately realise that Obito is vulnerable to senjutsu. After Naruto enters Sage Mode, Tobirama teleports him above Obito so that he can attack.[19]
With a weakness discovered, Obito traps the Alliance within a barrier so that he can wipe them out with multiple Tailed Beast Balls. Tobirama and Minato decide that they can't teleport all the balls away in time, but Naruto comes up with a way for him and Minato to teleport the entire Alliance to safety. Impressed by their combined efforts, Tobirama assists them after they enter Tailed Beast Modes by teleporting them to Obito for another attack. Obito blocks it this time and counters by creating the Ten-Tails' tree form. The tree's roots start tearing through the Allies and, after fending off some of the roots, Tobirama teleports Naruto, Sasuke, Minato, and Hiruzen together to figure out a new plan. Naruto and Sasuke, with Hashirama's encouragement, lead the Alliance in their attack while Tobirama busies himself with teleporting shinobi to safety when they need it.[20]
Although Obito is defeated and the Ten-Tails is removed from his body, Madara is successfully restored to life. While Madara prepares to become the Ten-Tails' next jinchūriki, Tobirama launches a desperate attack to stop him. Madara pins him with multiple black receivers and they share their mutual contempt for each other. Using what little mobility he has, Tobirama attacks him with Heavenly Weeping to distract Madara while Sasuke attacks him from behind. Madara blocks the attack and, over Tobirama's pleas to stop, mortally wounds Sasuke. Madara leaves and Tobirama can only watch as Sasuke's life fades. Shortly afterwards, Kabuto Yakushi arrives in time to save Sasuke. Once he's well, Sasuke removes the black receivers from Tobirama's body and has him teleport him to Naruto's location to face Madara.
Kaguya Ōtsutsuki Strikes Edit
Main article: Kaguya Ōtsutsuki Strikes[21]
Despite their efforts, Sasuke and Naruto cannot stop Madara from initiating the Infinite Tsukuyomi. Tobirama and the other Hokage, being the only ones unaffected, converge at the location of a powerful chakra signature, but find only Madara's lower half. Tobirama contemplates using the Impure World Resurrection on Madara to ask him what happened, but they are stopped by the Sage of the Six Paths. Combining efforts with the spirits of the other dead Kage, they summon Team 7, Madara, and the tailed beasts back from Kaguya's dimension. Madara, dying, has some parting words with Hashirama, after which the Sage returns all the Kage to the Pure Land. As his soul ascends, Tobirama encourages Hashirama to entrust the future with Sasuke and Naruto.
==Legacy Edit==
Although Tobirama created the Konoha Military Police Force with the intention of pacifying the Uchiha clan, it only exacerbated their feelings of marginalization and, in effect, cut them off from positions of influence in Konoha. Dissatisfaction with Konoha grew amongst the Uchiha for decades following, eventually culminating in the Uchiha Clan Downfall.[64]
In Other Media Edit
Video Games Edit
Tobirama Senju is a playable character in the following video games:
|Game name
|Japanese release
|English release
|Naruto Shippūden: Ninja Destiny 2
|24 April 2008
|15 September 2009
|Naruto Shippūden: Ninja Destiny 3
|28 April 2009
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja 4
|5 April 2007
|24 March 2009
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja 5
|20 December 2007
|27 November 2009
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3
|18 April 2013
|5 March 2013
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 4
|4 February 2016
|9 February 2016
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Generations
|23 February 2012
|13 March 2012
|Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja Storm Revolution
|11 September 2014
|16 September 2014
|Naruto: Ultimate Ninja 3
|22 December 2005
|25 March 2008
He is also featured as a support-only character in Naruto: Ultimate Ninja Storm.
Trivia Edit
|The Springtime of Youthwiki has an article about this topic:Tobirama Senju
- "Tobirama" (扉間) means "the space between two doors". "Doors" (扉, tobira) are seen as the access to progress and improvement.
- Tobirama's face appears within the fireworks in the endingomake of Shippūden episode 129.
- Studio Pierrot's Settei sheets of Tobirama show that he was 140cm around the time Hashirama met Madara.
- According to the databook(s):
- His favourite words were "Mind – technique – body" (心・技・体, Shin – gi – tai).
- His favourite food were the fresh fish caught in the clean rivers of Konoha.
Quotes Edit


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Taylor Swift Cover Shoot
About seven years ago, we fled the Hamptons beach scene for upstate New York horse country as a weekend retreat—I needed to veg out. Though it's recently become more of a scene here, too, the houses are so spread out that you avoid the impromptu drop-by. An hour away from the city, we're surrounded by lakes, ponds, and marshes; there's unbelievable solitude and quiet (except when our teenage son, Harry, and his friends race around on Kubota ATVs). Our property abuts the stunning 150-acre Innisfree botanical gardens, open to the public in spring; it combines native plants and rocks with Chinese landscaping principles. Innisfree, innisfreegarden.org, 845-677-8000
Tyrrel Lake at the public Innisfree Garden
Our 1780s farmhouse is called Frog Pond because one of our ponds is filled with them. We have tons of guests, so my wife, Anne, puts spillover up at the low-key, charming Porter House Bed & Breakfast. About half an hour away, Richard Gere and his wife, Carey Lowell, have opened the high-luxe, lovingly restored Bedford Post Inn. (If you want your own place here, social fixture Susan Perry at Houlihan Lawrence is the go-to agent.) Porter House Bed & Breakfast, porterhousebandb.com, 845-677-3057; Bedford Post Inn, bedfordpostinn.com, 914-234-7800
The Grausos' 250-year-old farmhouse
Scenes From the Set of Mean to Me

subset: commoncrawl


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Usually, teenagers have a lot of imagination to express their life. Most of them like to try something new including any hobby, style, and so on including their personal property. It is because their personal property is the only things tha...[Read More]
Every teenager has their own style to say themselves. Including their own goods, they would be more comfy in a place that suits their character. Many teenagers feel itchy at their own bedroom and rather to play outside with their friends. B...[Read More]
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DELRAY BEACH, FL -- Frederick J. "Fritz" Rolle III died at his home in Del Ray Beach, FL, on April 3. He was 65.
A lifelong resident of the Jersey Shore, Rolle was involved with numerous seaside businesses in several of New Jersey's most popular resort towns, most recently with Jenkinson's South in Point Pleasant Beach. A member of the board of directors of the New Jersey Amusement Association for more than 30 years, he served as that organization's president from 1992 to 1993. The association honored Rolle in 2012.
"The industry has lost an amusement icon," said NJAA president John Maurer, Coast to Coast Entertainment. "Very quietly, he made big steps in the sand and helped shape the Jersey Shore. Right now, just thinking of his smile, makes me smile. He'll be missed greatly."
He is survived by his wife, Jeanne Miller Rolle; two sisters, Patricia Bennett and Michele Bodeep; children, Kimberle Rolle Samarelli (married to James Samarelli), Rebecca Rolle and Frederick J. Rolle IV; and two grandchildren, Samantha and James Samarelli Jr.
In lieu of flowers, the family asks that a charitable donation be made to Give Kids the World, a nonprofit organization supporting children with life-threatening illnesses for which Rolle helped raise funds for many years. Give Kids the World may be contacted at (800) 995-KIDS or gktw.org.


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Discussion in 'Off-topic Zone' started by kristie, Jan 15, 2013.
Angie and Kree
Don't get the standing O for Amber, she butchered the end of that song.
Same as always Kree, Candice and Angie the final 3 should just start.
Me either,thought it was so-so ---Shouldn't sing Heart or Adele....
Anyone else getting bored with AI? Also not sure who posted it but get rid of the themed weeks!
Was me, this show is the same ole over and over again.
Last I heard, they are trying to push Seacrest out because of money. I bet he is the only thing remaining that draws the biggest numbers.
I think he ends up on X-factor within two years.
Yep! I posted it before but I think the show is on it's last legs.
i can't see him working with simon cowell again.
read this:
Ryan and Simon are buddies who vacation together. Even if they had disagreements, Simon knows what is good for ratings.
I finally caught up to tonight's show. No one really wowed me or stood out. I think Lazaro was the best and that isn't saying much. He should have gone home the last two weeks but this week he was definitely top three.
Angie was good but it sounded like she sang the song in the wrong key. I don't get the standing O for Amber, but she wasn't bad either. Kree was blah to me, kind of boring but was not bad, just boring.
The right person went home IMO.
At first I was like then I was like :laugh2:
Were you watching the same show lol? Lazaro the best?! Also Angie was in the right key, I have years of musical training
Not really gearing this towards you but it seems that people will throw out things like "oh she was pitchy" or "he was off key" to look like they know about music :laugh2:
I have zero musical training and have no idea what I am talking about :laugh2:
I just wasn't too impressed with the overall songs. Angie was good but something just did not sound right.
Laz actually sang that song well, or maybe it is the fact I have strong memory associations of "We are the Champions" and the Houston Rockets, IDK
Another theme night, YAY! -___-
Angie, she's good but I think she kind of over sang the song, especially since it was a regurgitation cover with no adjustments in the arrangement as far as tempo or altering the melody. I think this is actually were idol has failed as a program. Instead of looking for Artists with originality and the ability to belt, they focus on singers who fit the niche of pop-whatever (good-looking, with the ability to be a great cover artist)ANGIE DOES NOT FALL INTO THIS CATEGORY AS SHE IS A SONG WRITER. With that being said, Angie I think is still a favorite and one of the top vocalists in the competition. I wish she would focus a little more on nailing the song instead of looking cute for the camera, because I feel she could actually be better when she performs despite already being a strong performer in comparison to the other idol contestants.
Kree, another solid performance and there is definitely gonna be a split in votes between her and Janelle being the two country singers. Kree is just the better singer between the two. I love me some Kree, but I could see where she may start to get a little boring for some people.
Janelle, not a bad performance, not her greatest. She may be the most improved contestant on the show and it serves her well. I don't know if she'll be able to beat out kree with the votes.
Candice. CANDICE. She may be one of the most consistent idol performers ever. She is consistently good. Strong STRONG vocals, and I hope she gets to the top 3. She most likely will.
Amber. Amber displayed her vocals well again. She didnt dude bad, but didn't great. Standing-o deserving??? meh, but I think the judges did it for many reasons. I think she is a judge favorite, because she has really good range, especially in that mid-high register, it's really pleasant. She sings so effortlessly though that I think it affects her performance and makes her not look that into her performances, she def has to work on that. I also, feel that judges no historically on the show, r&b/soul artists tend to suffer and not make through to the end as other singers do (country, pop-rock, and cute boys). I think like Kree and Janelle she suffers from the whole split votes thing with Candice. Candice def has the more powerful voice and has GREAT control, if you notice you can tell she knows her voice and tends to sing out and around going into the upper register but does a great job hiding (great characteristic of a good singer). With that being said baring a poor performance next week, I think Burnell's votes will be split between Candice and Amber leaving the bottom two next week Janelle and Lazaro.
Burnell. I think he def fits into the unique voice category and has potential but I was not a fan of his raspy tone when he tried to hit them high notes. But I appreciated Idol for bringing him on as he def had a style on his own, it just wasn't for me. It's a shame Stuttering Stanley is still on the show. Anybody get the feeling Burnell and Amber might be hooking up?
LazNO - go home. The pity votes are annoying, and although he had his best week, it shouldn't make up for the previous performances. He is one of the most glaring examples of how rigged this show is up into hollywood week.
My top 3 - Candice, Kree, Angie---Amber(still my favorite) not that far off from the top.
bottom 3 - Burnell, Laz, Janelle
It's all good
I don't know everything there is to know about music but I do know that Lazaro is hot garbage
Nice post! I agree with pretty much everything.
My summary of this season:
Candice is really really good
Amber is smoking hot, and she's just now starting to figure that out.
Never thought I would say this but Angie is no longer my #1, it's Amber.
Angie has lost a sort of Jackie Evancho sparkle that I originally felt she had, and now she has a sort of Miley Cyrus plasticity that I don't think I will ever be able to shake off of my perception of her. I still see a bright future for her, perhaps most in a Christian song style. There is some maturity missing that could improve her personality and singing performances.
Amber has "it." She is genuine, sexy and has a great singing voice. Star power.


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Throwback- a reminder why we love Macklemore! Go Hawks!
Hopefully the sting of the Seahawks losing to the 49ers on Sunday has worn off 12's!
But just in case you're still a little bitter, we offer this throwback from Macklemore to put a little smile on your face. Macklemore was asked to sign a 49ers fan's jersey last year before the Super Bowl, being the Seahawks fan he is, he was happy to make the fan's dream come true....kinda! He then posted the photo via his Instagram & Twitter with the caption "What'd you think I was gonna do?"


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i am a beginner in computer science, and i am facing a problem with firefox cookies..
I am trying to create a cookie with sqlite but it doesn't work. This is what i did:
sqlite3 .mozilla/firefox/profile.default/cookies.sqlite
//then, i create the cookie//
sqlite> INSERT INTO moz_cookies VALUES (NULL,"test","blablablabla",
//lets see if it worked//
sqlite> SELECT * FROM moz_cookies;
//yes it works//
BUT ! the problem is that when I lunch firefox and when I try to see the different cookies for .remote-exploit.org, nothing. No cookies have been created ???
If someone could help me, this would be grate !


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This week we take a look at singer Neon Hitch. We've received remixed singles for "Bad Dog" and "Get Over U" both from her upcoming album Beg, Borrow and Steal.
WTF IS Neon Hitch?
According to her info sheet for "Get Over U," Hitch was born in London in 1986. Apparently her family's house burned down the day she was born. Her lighting technician dad named her Neon. She and her mother traveled in a caravan as gypsies. By age 10, she started writing poetry and lyrics. At 16, she followed a boy to India. She met Neneh Cherry, opened for 50 Cent and was friends with Amy Winehouse.
In 2008, she headed to New York, co-wrote Ke$ha's "Blah Blah Blah" and former American Idol judge Kara DioGuardi signed her to Warner Brothers Records. From her press sheet.
"I want people to know that, yeah, time are tough, but you know what? There's a light at the end of the tunnel. I'm living proof."
More after the jump.


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Tracy Schaperow, Psy.D.
Licensed Clinical Psychologist
567 Vauxhall St Extension, #207, Waterford, Connecticut 06320
Those seeking career counseling should contact me if it is an issue within the larger context of life decisions and choices. Those seeking this help may contact me, and I will let you know if your situation is something I can help with. If it is, we can proceed to schedule a first appointment. If it is not, I will help get you set up with another therapist who does the work you require.
Samuel Schaperow, MSMFT, LMFT
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Psychotherapist
567 Vauxhall St Extension, #207, New London co, Waterford, Connecticut 06385
I have a special interest in helping people with career issues. This ranges from helping people to reduce stress and improve relations with employees while improving efficiency, to deciding on a new career. My experience of over a decade in this specialty area combines with innovation and years of graduate school to help a diverse population from Directors to managers. Please do not hesitate to contact me for more information.


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So we all pretty much know about the typical stages / phases of a Website Design project but obviously there's much more to these stages. When you're starting out with a new Website project how do you start it off?
I personally go through the first two myself. I've got a copy of Deliver First Class Web Sites: 101 Essential Checklists which is a great read but the actual checklist documents that come with the book is the best part of it. I've used the checklists before on new Web projects along with other documents to really go into detail with the planning stage.
I also have a little routine in addition to these checklists that I use as both a checklist and a to-do list. I have a few A4 black portfolio wallets that I use to store the documents, print-outs, idea sheets and so on for every new project. These are important for new projects. Once the project is completed all of the printed documents go into a foolscap plastic wallet along with the disc with the project work on.
This thread is specifically for starting a new Web project because I've got an idea for doing a little series of these topics, so watch out!
Andrew Cooper
Really, so you think my little list in post 6 is actually ok then because it's MY way of doing it?
I think using your own method is the best policy, we all have our own ways of doing things and to follow a strict standard would only undermine our productivity. Of course that doesn't mean I'm against standards, just I feel when it comes to organisation it's highly personal and there's no right or wrong way to do the task.
[Note: Bumping because it was originally in General Chat forum - Hoping for some more responses in here. :)]
Wow! Some great responses...It seems we all have very different methods for starting a new Web project! Do you think it's good that we each start new Web projects with our own crazy methods or should we have a standard project management methodology that we follow in the Web industry?
Andrew, I have to admit that I'm one of those highly organised loonies who documents, files and archives everything! I have a filing cabinet dedicated to all my web design projects, any documentation, emails or items/discs associated with each project is all in there! I find if I don't keep it organised I get really confused because there's only so much you can retain at one time especially if you have a couple of projects running concurrently!
My approach varies with the project but usually I start off meeting with the client on a face to face basis with a checklist of questions and take it from there really, I'm pretty down to earth so I prefer the meetings rather than emails/calls because alot of things can get lost in translation whereas I find having a sitdown chat is more productive, friendly and you can get a better sense of what your client is looking for too!
On the organisational side of things, I have an organizer and write out a to do list and just cross them off as I deal with each issue/item - I'm not one to follow an electronic checklist or filing system - I have to just tick them off otherwise I'm completely lost!
ps: I go through alot of post-its and highlighters too :lol: :shifty:
Client: - Present the client with your Terms of Service - important- Esablish the requirements of the website - Ask for examples of websites the client likes - Present the client with a Photoshop design for feedback - Begin programming when the client is satisfied with the design
My web projects: - Think of a good idea and check competition- Look for scripts on the internet that can be modified or start from scratch - Come up with a trendy name - Logo and website design - Program to completion - Promote and advertise
I tend to let my imagination run with my ideas and get ahead of myself. It's fun.
If you mean when building websites then yes... I first start with the client and talk about what they need / want, do some research of their competition, produce the documents they need to sign, await the fund transfer for the percent as a deposit and give them the list of stuff I'll need and what they'll need to-do (just the general process stuff). Then I begin the work... get an idea, do some sketches and mock-ups, get some feedback, start coding (HTML > CSS > JS > whatever), run standards / accessibility / UX / usability tests, sign off on the work, pass it to client, get paid the rest, done! Unless of course they want me to market and or maintain it, to which there's either the additional step (with payment) or sequentially a debit setup so I get paid the monthly fee for keeping things running smoothly.
Oh my goodness. I have a folder on my hard drive and it's a mess. If it was a real filing cabinet, it would be unmanageable.
My development process has changed over time. When I worked with clients, it was:
Then I moved to developing products so it's gone down to:
Later added SVN to the mix to keep better organized as the projects grew bigger.
Now I don't work with clients nor do I develop products. My projects are simple and based on WP. So it's:
It seems that the process is getting simpler and simpler over time. Wouldn't say that about my folder dedicated to development. :lol:
I have a definite approach to new projects:
Tell the client what they need.
Explain that they're paying me 4x what everyone else quoted because I'm worth it and they'll be stunned by what I produce for them.
Create a contract then tear it up in favour of them paying a deposit instead.
Invoice them for a 90% of the fee deposit to ensure their financial commitment to the project.
Immediately become impossible to contact.
After several days minimum send them a photoshopped design that looks nothing like what they had in mind.
Become impossible to contact when they tell me that it's nothing like what they had in mind.
Build the site anyway because they don't appreciate my advice and they'll change their minds when they see it in the flesh
Become impossible to contact when they don't change their minds
Increase the fee because they changed the project scope from what I wanted to do for them to what they wanted from me and just for generally being unreasonable and high maintenance clients.
Contact them non-stop to chase payment of the extra fee
Take down the site when they refuse to pay and sack them for being so unreasonable and keep the deposit as settlement for my time.
Change my phone number
@saul - i didnt think you would be the messy type! :scratch: there's an awful lot of franticness happening with ur approach to project management - perhaps you need to address this in the future :lol: I love WP too
@JJ - :shifty: I think I've worked with you before! :eek: "because I'm worth it" I can't stop picturing you in a L'oreal advert now :lol:
That's my style. :smoke:
Aha! A convert!
:lol: yeah Saul I am, wow I remember saying I'd never have a blog so many years ago when I first joined SP, now I'm loving it, lost without it! - funny how we can change isn't it? for the better
Using WP for your projects, how is that working out for you on the whole? I've wondered that myself if it's feasible to depend on that as the basis of the site mockup! :scratch:
It's working out very well. And not only for a mockup - I don't do mockups when I'm my own client. And what's more, the plugin system hasn't been a problem as far as more indepth customization as well.
Should I ever have to do a project for a client other than myself, I wouldn't hesitate using WP unless I'd be told not to.
:lol: of course! I will definitely follow this approach too - now I just need clients but I don't want them yet :rofl:


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AMES, Iowa – Eight high school student teams competed in the third annual Crop Scouting Competition conducted by Iowa State University Extension and Outreach on Aug. 1. The competition was created to increase high school students' awareness of Iowa agriculture through hands-on learning and teamwork. Students apply integrated pest management principles to corn and soybean scouting experiences as they prepare for and participate in the competition.
Competition components included corn and soybean growth staging, weed identification, bio char, herbicide injury, and insects and diseases of corn and soybean. Prior to the competition, student teams also prepared a creative component related to scouting or IPM that benefited their communities.
"There have been some strong teams that have attended the competition the last two years and 2013 was no different," said Daren Mueller, Iowa State University Integrated Pest Management program director and extension plant pathologist. "It is good news for Iowa's ag future when students are learning early about the basics of crop scouting. This knowledge can be valuable on the family farm as well as in ag industry."
2013 Competition Winners
First place was awarded to a team from Clayton County led by Joe Shirbroun, a Pioneer independent sales representative from Farmersburg. His team included Sam Hilgerson and Luke Orr from Elkader, Joe Kann from Guttenberg, and Glyn Powell from Strawberry Point. A very close second (by less than 1.5 points) was awarded to the student team from Clarion-Goldfield led by Rachel Halbach, an agronomist with Hagie Manufacturing Company; and Angela Charlson, Clarion-Goldfield FFA adviser. Third place went to the all girl team from North Scott while fourth went to the boys team from North Scott. Both of these teams were led by Dan and Nancy Urmie from Long Grove, along with Jamie Gray, Vocational Ag instructor at North Scott High School.
Most competitors and instructors (90 percent of post event survey respondents) agree that the competition was a useful learning tool for students. However, all respondents said most of the learning takes place before the competition, when team leaders are training student teams to compete.
The contest was funded by DuPont Pioneer and the Iowa Soybean Association along with a grant from the North Central Integrated Pest Management Center and support from ISU Extension and Outreach faculty and staff. Additional support was provided by ISU Department of Agronomy and Iowa Independent Crop Consultants Association.
PHOTO: Clayton County Team of Joe Shirbroun, a Pioneer independent sales representative from Farmersburg and students: Sam Hilgerson and Luke Orr from Elkader, Joe Kann from Guttenberg, and Glyn Powell from Strawberry Point.


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Alkaren Hyralt, on 19 June 2012 - 02:02 PM, said:
THE MORE YOU KNOW X3 No really I didn't know that.
@Dark: The fact that we 'do whatever we want and the heck with everyone else attitude' is one of this country's issues and why many other people from other countries consider us arrogant, lazy, and stupid. I'm all for a change in the whole "If I want to kill myself over let me," because many times it's not just the person in question but everyone affected as well because of your said stupidity. I get this impression from playing world wide mmos and when they find out I'm from USA "Oh you're from that country...I hate that country."
The whole pop issue; if a parent drinks nothing but soda, most likely their child will as well and will be too hyper in school, which will cause other issues etc. A domino effect. Them trying to ban soda is a solution, no matter how silly it may seem to be, because people have the formentioned attitude.
Another example: If you suddenly acted up at your job and stole stuff and got fired, in the long run it will influence HR to monitor people that they hire and make it harder for everyone else who wants your position. Now you may not care, that's fine, but look at the big picture.


text:
Well, do you know what is LHOST ? Because 0.0.0.0 is perfectly fine for me...
Maybe you could tell us a little bit more about what you are trying to do ?
I am running the vm version of backtrack. i start SET = social engineering toolset. clone a site and in never asks for a ip address for the listner. i had it ask me once but the ip i entered was wrong. now when i go through the steps i get local host 0.0.0.0 port 4444.
any help would be appreciated. thanks
Well, do you know what is LHOST ? Because 0.0.0.0 is perfectly fine for me...
Maybe you could tell us a little bit more about what you are trying to do ?
You clearly need to do a bit more reading on SET and how the tool works. The metasploit unleashed tutorial has some good stuff on SET and there are quite a few guides on the web. In addition I would learn what "Local Host" means in the context of IPv4 networking.
Computer security is a temporary condition.
There is a setting in the config file which autodetects your local IP. If you turn this setting to off it wll ask you more questions about Ip's and NAT. the 0.0.0.0 is just the way python displays the IP, its fine.
I believe you missed what purehate said.SET automatically grabs your local IP which means you shouldn't need to input any other IP. This is of course assuming you are using browser autopwn or a similar method. Directing people to the cloned site is a matter of doing some DNS/ARP spoofing. You'll have to forgive me if SET is doing this for you, haven't used the tool that much but if you want to "direct" people to a website that's how I'd do it.There is a setting in the config file which autodetects your local IP.
For some further help you are gonna have to post exactly what attack vectors you are using and what you hope to accomplish.
Computer security is a temporary condition.
ok i just installed on a partition and got it to work. so when sending a link to someone outside my network what ip do i give them? the same 192.168.1.??? that wont work right?
another question. i have it working but its just blank. how do i start the connection to the session. i tried sessions -i (number off session) and it just disconnected me
you should up on it.
It'll make things allot easier to understand the things your having trouble with.
I'm a compulsive post editor, you might wanna wait until my post has been online for 5-10 mins before quoting it as it will likely change.
I know I seem harsh in some of my replies. SORRY! But if you're doing something illegal or posting something that seems to be obvious BS I'm going to call you on it.


text:
Washington : Government Printing Office
Page 1503
Funds and Fiscal Matters of Order No. 2508, as amended (14 F. R. 258; 16 F. R. 473, 11620; 19 F. R. 34, 4585; 20 F. R. 167) is further amended by addition of a new paragraph to read as follows:
(3) (1) The approval of mortgages of trust chattels and crops on trust or restricted land of an Indian, and assignments of income from trust or restricted land of an Indian, except income from restricted land of heirs or devisees of members of the Five Civilized Tribes, Oklahoma, as security for a loan by any lender.
(2) The approval of assignments of any trust property of an Indian, except land, and authority to act as the Indian's attorney in fact to execute leases on any trust land in which the Indian borrower may have an interest, and to apply the rentals on the Indian's indebtedness, for a loan made pursuant to 25 CFR Parts 21, 23, and 28.
(3) The release of interests of the United States in any trust or restricted property of an Indian, except land.
Acting Secretary of the Interior.


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Directions to Our Hostel
Downloadable Map
Download Varanasi Travellers' Map (PDF) by ITH:Low Quality (719 KB) High Quality (1.27 MB)
IMPORTANT: Please do not let anyone tell and make you believe that this hostel does not exist or that it has closed down or similar things. This is a very common scam in India. Tuk-Tuk and taxi drivers receive commission from other places and hence they may dupe you into going there instead. Ignore everything else and follow our directions below:
If relevant, tell your driver (insist!) to take you to Vidyapeeth University (विद्यापीठ विश्वविद्यालय) on Vidyapeeth Road (विद्यापीठ रोड), NOT Banaras Hindu University (BHU). It is a common mistake. Insist!
1). Arriving at Varanasi Junction Railway Station (BSB):
Get off the train. Come out of the railway station. Turn right on the bustling street. At the junction exit the street to go into the city on the left, then cross 'Englishia Line junction' to go straight onto Vidyapeeth Road for about 300m. Look out for Gate #2 of Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth University, or just Vidyapeeth University, on your left-hand side (there is a Blue road sign in Hindi facing you, but the backside has English text). When you have reached the gate you will find a quiet alleyway on your right-hand side, close to Hotel Ashoka Grand. Get into the alleyway and look for a yellow ITH sign! We're about 100m into the alley on the left.
International Travellers' Hostel is about 5-7 minutes walking distance from Varanasi Junction Railway Station. If you feel like you have walked too long – stop, turn around, and look for a huge yellow ITH sign.
And please do not hire a Tuk-Tuk! It's not worth the money. They may tell you plenty of stories. Ignore.
2). Arriving at Manduadih Railway Station (MUV):
Exit the station and get a Tuk-Tuk to the above directed uni gate. It should cost roughly Rs.50-80.
3). Arriving at Mughal Sarai Junction Railway Station (MGS):
Exit the station and get a Tuk-Tuk or Taxi to the above directed uni gate. The Tuk-Tuk should cost roughly Rs.150-200 and the Taxi Rs.400-600. These two options are going to be the most convenient for you. Alternatively, you may also try to get a bus to Varanasi Bus Stand which is about 10 minutes walking distance from the hostel, or get a train to Varanasi Junction Railway Station and then follow the above directions.
4). Arriving on a Bus:
You are brave for taking a bus! In this case you will most likely be dropped off either at Varanasi Bus Stand or in the vicinity of Varanasi Junction Railway Station. The best thing would be to find the train station and then follow the above directions.
5). If you're flying into Varanasi:
Well, go past the baggage claim, then just before exiting the airport there are a couple of pre-paid Taxi booths on the left. You can get an AC Taxi for Rs.700. Tell the Taxi driver to bring you to Gate #2 of Vidyapeeth University.
6). Arriving on a Boat?
Haha! No kidding – we've heard that it is possible (at least from nearby cities like Allahabad)! It is very unlikely, but just in case you do arrive on a boat, let us know and we'll pick you up for free! Make sure to de-board at Assi Ghat.


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BRONSON -The Levy County Sheriff's Office arrested the following persons. All are considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. All information is gathered from Sheriff's Office press releases, arrest reports and court appearance orders.
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EFF sued the Department of Justice (DOJ) on the 10th anniversary of the signing of the USA PATRIOT Act in October 2011 for answers about "secret interpretations" of a controversial section of the law. In June 2013, a leaked FISA court order publicly revealed that "secret interpretation": the government was using Section 215 of the Patriot Act to collect the phone records of virtually every person in the United States.
FBI's Next Generation Identification Biometrics Database
EFF has been closely following FBI's work to build out its Next Generation Identification (NGI) biometrics database.
Drone Flights in the U.S.
EFF filed suit against the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), receiving thousands of pages about the certifications and authorizations the agency has issued for the operation of unmanned aircrafts, also known as drones. The Federal Aviation Authority, part of the DOT, is the sole entity within the federal government responsible for authorizing domestic drone flights, providing a certification or authorization for any drone flying over 400 feet. Prior to our suit, there was no information available to the public about who specifically had obtained these authorizations or for what purposes. Through our lawsuit, we received specific and detailed information on the drone licensing process that was never before released. This prompted significant public awareness and discussion about the privacy and surveillance issues with drones. EFF partnered with MuckRock, an open government organization that helps individuals send requests for public records, to crowd-source FOIA requests to local law enforcement agencies about their use of unmanned aircrafts.
Expanding CALEA and Electronic Surveillance Laws
EFF filed suit against three agencies of the Department of Justice (DOJ) demanding records about problems or limitations that hamper electronic surveillance and potentially justify or undermine the Administration's new calls for expanded surveillance powers.
Intelligence Agencies' Misconduct Reports
EFF filed suit against the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and a half-dozen other federal agencies involved in intelligence gathering, demanding the immediate release of reports about potential misconduct. These agencies are required to submit periodic reports of "any intelligence activities of their organizations that they have reason to believe may be unlawful or contrary to Executive order or Presidential directive" to the Intelligence Oversight Board. The board, consisting of private citizens with security clearances, is tasked with reviewing those reports, summarizing them, and forwarding to the president those that it believes describe violations of the law. Through EFF's lawsuit, we obtained and published publicly thousands of pages of documents from these misconduct reports. Contrary to official promises about embracing transparency, our suit unveiled not only extensive, illegal misuse of intelligence gathering and surveillance powers, but also a practice of routinely covering up such abuses.
Federal Law Enforcement Mobile Device Investigations Program
EFF submitted a FOIA request to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), an interagency law enforcement training center run by the Department of Homeland Security. EFF requested all information, training materials, and presentations for FLETC's Mobile Device Investigations Program.
Social Networking Monitoring
EFF and the Samuelson Clinic at the UC Berkeley School of Law filed suit against a half-dozen government agencies for refusing to disclose their policies for using social networking sites for investigations, data-collection, and surveillance. In response to our lawsuit, we received training materials, manuals, powerpoint presentations, memos, and an array of other materials that helped shed light on how government agencies use social networking sites. Among other findings, we found evidence that the government has been considering social networks as a data source when conducting background checks in security clearances. We also found information about how U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services used social networks when considering citizenship requests and how the IRS turned to social networking sites to investigate taxpayers. We were particularly interested to see that certain agencies had established privacy policies for monitoring social networking sites while others were silent on user privacy.
Secret Surveillance Law Memo
EFF filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) suit against the Department of Justice (DOJ) demanding the release of a secret legal memo used to justify FBI access to Americans' telephone records without any legal process or oversight.
Who's on the Intelligence Oversight Board?
Department of Defense National Security Letters
(Documents previously stored on this page have been moved to the primary page for EFF's FOIA requests related to National Security Letters.)
Endpoint Surveillance Tools (CIPAV)
In 2007 after Wired reported on evidence that the FBI was able to use "secret spyware" to track the source of e-mailed bomb threats against a Washington state high school EFF submitted a Freedom of Information Act request for information on the technology. The documents we received discuss endpoint surveillance technology the FBI calls a "web bug" or a "Computer and Internet Protocol Address Verifier" (CIPAV) which seems to have been in use since at least 2001.
National Security Letters (NSLs)
The investigative technique known as National Security Letters (NSLs) was greatly expanded under the USA PATRIOT Act, allowing the FBI to obtain telephone, Internet, financial, credit, and other personal records of anyone associated with an authorized terrorism or espionage investigation. These orders, issued without a court's approval, come with a gag order, preventing recipients of such letters from discussing the NSL publicly and thus limiting opportunity for public oversight of this expansive power. In the wake of the Department of Justice's inspector general report confirming extensive misuse of NSLs, EFF began litigation seeking information about the FBI's abuse of this power. Through EFF's lawsuits, we were able to obtain thousands of pages of documents over several years showcasing the scope and, often, repeated abuse of the NSL authority. An EFF report based on these documents led to tough questions for the FBI before Congress. The documents also helped prompt the Senate Judiciary Committee to investigate whether Attorney General Alberto Gonzales lied to Congress. After months of ongoing controversy, Gonzales resigned from his position as head of the Justice Department.
Computer Crime & Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS)
The Department of Justice has an office called the Computer Crimes and Intellectual Property Section which works to develop and implement strategies for combating computer and intellectual property crimes. Among other things CCIPS advises front-line agents how to perform electronic surveillance. EFF has submitted FOIA requests for versions of this guidance not already available to the public.
Printer Dots
EFF submitted FOIA requests to several government agencies seeking information related to the agencies' use of "printer dots" -- tracking codes embedded in pages printed from certain printers.
Skype Surveillance
In February 2008 EFF requested documents from the FBI related to its surveillance of Skype communications a common Voice-over-IP (VoIP) program. The request came after an article in Computerworld Magazine suggesting that German law enforcement had commissioned a private company to create "Skype-hacking Trojan." EFF sought to discover whether the FBI had a similar capability.
Automated Targeting System (ATS)
EFF sued the Department of Homeland Security to learn more about the Automated Targeting System (ATS), an invasive, unprecedented data-mining system deployed on American travelers. ATS reviews data from seven large government databases plus the Passenger Name Record data obtained from the airlines. Individuals who travel internationally are assigned "risk assessments" via ATS, which Customs and Border Protection officers use to decide whether to subject passengers to further interrogation and search. Under ATS, individuals have no way to access information about their own "risk assessment" scores or to correct any false information about them. EFF's suit sought data about ATS, including all Privacy Impact Assessments for the ATS, all records that describe redress for individuals who believe the system includes inaccurate information, and all records that discuss potential consequences for travelers as a result of the system. Through our lawsuit, we received and published hundreds of pages of documents, and produced an interim report describing our findings, shedding light on the instant, personal, and detailed dossier created for all international travelers.
TALON Reporting
In December 2005 NBC News reported that the Department of Defense had created a database of more than 1500 "suspicious incidents" throughout the United States over a ten-month period. The DOD insisted that all of its domestic intelligence was "properly collected" for the "protection of Defense Department installations interests and personnel." However the DOD later admitted that it had improperly collected Threat and Local Observation Notice ("TALON") reports on peaceful demonstrators.
Smart Dust
In September 2006 EFF requested copies of and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant awards to fund the development of wireless microelectromechanical sensor technology for law enforcement intelligence gathering or military purposes so-called "smart dust."
In October 2006 the NSF released three separate grant awards to George Washington University the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri totaling almost $1 million for the development the technology.
Surveillance of Soldier Blogs
In this case EFF sought information concerning the Pentagon's monitoring of military websites including soldiers' blogs. According to news reports an Army unit called the Army Web Risk Assessment Cell ("AWRAC") reviews hundreds of thousands of websites every month notifying webmasters and bloggers when it sees information it finds inappropriate. Some soliders have told reporters that they have cut back on their posts or shut down their sites altogether because of the military's policies on blogging.
FCC Warrantless Searches
In 2009 EFF sent a FOIA request to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) seeking documents related to the FCC's claimed authority to conduct warrantless searches of private residences in order to inspect radio equipment.
Analysis Dissemination Visualization Insight and Semantic Enhancement (ADVISE)
In 2007 EFF submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the Department of Homeland Security for information about a trial-stage data mining program called Analysis Dissemination Visualization Insight and Semantic Enhancement (ADVISE). This system was intended to sift through a wide variety of databases to find suspicious patterns between people and organizations.
Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative
In November 2008 EFF requested the unredacted "For Official Use Only" version of Secretary Chertoff's July 18 2008 response to Joseph Lieberman Chairman of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs regarding DHS's role in the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative.
In April 2009 the Department of Homeland Security released the document.
Telecom Lobbying Records
EFF has filed suits against the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Justice demanding any information about telecommunications companies' efforts to get off the hook for their role in the government's illegal electronic surveillance of millions of ordinary Americans. EFF's suits ask for the immediate disclosure of the agencies' telecom lobbying records including any documents concerning briefings discussions or other contacts officials have had with representatives of telecommunications companies or members of Congress.
Terrorist Screening Center Watch List Mismatches
The Terrorist Screening Center maintains the U.S. government's consolidated terrorist watch list. Since its creation in 2003, the list has been criticized repeatedly for its lack of accuracy and effective redress among other flaws. EFF has submitted FOIA requests for complaints from individuals who believe they've wrongly been flagged as watch list matches.
Records on PATRIOT Act Use and Misuse
EFF filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) suit against the Department of Justice (DOJ) demanding records on three controversial PATRIOT Act surveillance provisions that expire early next year unless Congress renews them.
Border Searches
The Asian Law Caucus (ALC) and EFF have filed suit against the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for denying access to public records on the questioning and searches of travelers at U.S. borders.
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)
EFF and Public Knowledge filed suit on September 17 2008 against the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) demanding information about a secret intellectual property enforcement treaty that the government has put on a fast track to completion.
Digitization Agreements
In 2007 EFF requested copies of contracts for document digitization services between eight federal agencies and Google or other technology companies.
Over the next year the agencies released a number of contracts with Google and other technology firms. We are expecting further releases from NASA and the USDA.
Personal Information Gathered on International Travelers
EFF has filed suit on behalf of a member of the European Parliament demanding that the U.S. government release records about her "risk assessment" score and other information gathered about her during her international travels. The lawsuit came just days after the disclosure that the U.S. and the European Union may soon finalize an agreement authorizing the transatlantic exchange of large amounts of personal data.
DOJ and Google
EFF has filed suit against the Department of Justice demanding information about communications between the agency's former top privacy official and Google the official's current employer.
DOJ's Investigative Data Warehouse
This Freedom of Information Act case seeks disclosure of FBI records concerning the scope and privacy impact of the Bureau's Investigative Data Warehouse ("IDW") a huge database that contains hundreds of millions of records containing personal information. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001 the FBI began development of the IDW "to provide counterterrorism investigators and analysts with quick easy access to the full breadth of information relating to terrorism." As of March 2005 the database contained more than 100 million pages of terrorism-related documents.
FBI's Domestic Investigative Operational Guidelines
EFF filed suit against the Department of Justice in June of 2009 demanding the public release of the surveillance guidelines that govern investigations of Americans by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
The FBI's Domestic Investigative Operational Guidelines went into effect in December of 2008 and detail the Bureau's procedures and standards for implementing the Attorney General's Guidelines on approved surveillance strategies.
DCS-5000 "Redwolf"
In October 2006 after receiving an anonymous tip EFF filed a FOIA request for information related to the FBI's DCS-5000 or "Redwolf " surveillance system. The FOIA request sought information related to the use and abuse of the FBI's DCS-5000 surveillance capabilities.
DHS Traveler Redress Inquiry Program (TRIP) Complaints
In July 2009 EFF requested copies of all complaints to DHS's Traveler Redress Inquiry Program (TRIP). The request included complaints of erroneous watch list mismatches and travel difficulties caused by DHS programs such as the http://www.eff.org/foia/ats">Automated Targeting System US-VISIT and Secure Flight.
DHS Passenger Data
EFF filed suit against the Department of Homeland Security for information about a temporary agreement on the handling of air passenger data from flights between the European Union and the United States.
DCS-3000 and Red Hook
In this Freedom of Information Act lawsuit the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) seeks information about two electronic surveillance systems developed by the FBI: DCS-3000 and Red Hook.
Cross-Border Electronic Funds Transfers
On September 27 2010 the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network or FinCEN published a notice of proposed rulemaking setting forth new reporting requirements related to cross-border electronic transfer of funds. Shortly after the publication of the proposed rule EFF filed a FOIA request seeking documentation that would justify the agency's law enforcement need for the regulations. We also sought information demonstrating that FinCEN had taken adequate data-security precautions for handling such a massive amount of sensitive information.
Net Neutrality Lobbying
In July 2010 EFF filed a FOIA request with the Federal Communications Commission seeking records of meetings or discussions between FCC officials and representatives of telecommunications cable and Internet companies and organizations concerning potential net neutrality regulations.
Specifically EFF's request sought records concerning:
(1) potential legislation of broadband Internet regulation including but not limited to potential amendments to the Communications Act or Telecommunications Act; and
Pen Registers
Federal law requires the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts to http://www.uscourts.gov/library/wiretap.html">report each year on law enforcement wiretapping activities which gives the public a sense of how often the government intercepts phone calls emails and other communications. Unfortunately there's no similar public reporting for the government's use of pen registers and trap and trace devices which record "routing" information rather than contents of communications.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Orders
On January 17 2007 the Bush Administration announced that it had let the shadowy Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) review the NSA's domestic spying program which was previously operated without any judicial authorization whatsoever. This Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) case seeks disclosure of the FISC's secret orders.
FISC Orders on Illegal Government Surveillance
EFF has sued the Department of Justice (DOJ), demanding answers about illegal email and telephone call surveillance at the National Security Agency (NSA).
FBI Facial Recognition Documents
As the FBI is rushing to build a "bigger, faster and better" biometrics database, it's also dragging its feet in releasing information related to the program's impact on the American public. In response, EFF has filed a lawsuit to compel the FBI to produce records to satisfy three outstanding Freedom of Information Act requests submitted to shine light on the program and its face-recognition components.
Federal DNA Collection
EFF has been closely following government plans to collect DNA from more and more people in the US and abroad. DNA collection and profiling are quickly becoming cheaper (pdf), faster, easier, and more prevalent in society.
Automated License Plate Readers (ALPR)
EFF and the ACLU of Southern California each sent California Public Records Act requests to the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department seeking documents about each agency's use of Automated License Plate Reader (ALPR) systems—sophisticated cameras mounted on squad cars and street poles that read license plates and record the time, date, and location a particular car was encountered.
Yahoo's Challenge to the Protect America Act in the Foreign Intelligence Court of Review
In 2007, a then-unknown service provider challenged the constitutionality of a government request for user information under the Protect America Act. The provider lost its challenge in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and appealled the decision to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, the appellate court charged with reviewing decisions of the lower surveillance court.
Significant FISC Opinions
Part of the goal of the USA Freedom Act was to end secret law. Section 402 of USA Freedom requires the federal government to declassify and release all "significant" opinions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC)—the federal court that reviews the legality of many of the government's national security surveillance programs. Nevertheless, over a year after USA Freedom's enactment, the government has not released, pursuant to the new law's requirements, a single FISC opinion authored before June 2015.


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As the economy recovers, how is the International Facility Management Association helping members?
We have a strong career resources committee, which is responsible for communicating employment opportunities to both facility managers and our associate vendor base. Employment opportunities that are available are posted to our local Web site, our alliance organizations' Web sites, as well as to the national Web site. We encourage a very focused level of referrals and networking for our unemployed members, and in conjunction with support from the IFMA corporate entity, suspend dues and meeting fees in support of those who are in most need. … we also have established mentor and buddy systems designed to facilitate the introduction of less involved or new members to the greater community. Our goal is to help each new member get familiar with IFMA and to get the most out of his/her membership.
What are some of the issues IFMA is tackling this year?
The chapter, in collaboration with Arizona State University, is launching the first course (on) facility management (FM) beginning in the fall semester of 2010. The FM operations and maintenance class is one of the foundational areas of responsibility within the facilities management profession, and will provide students with an excellent overview of the scope and breadth of the role. There are no prerequisites to enroll in this class, as long as the individual is a non-degree seeking student; and existing students considering the FM profession can use this course as an elective for their current programs. We will continue to build on the foundation established last year with the Arizona chapter of the United States Green Building Council (USGBC ), which we formally established through a memo of understanding in 2009. For this year, we are collaborating on joint association education throughout the year, as well as two key networking events that are designed to bring the two groups together in a less formal environment.
How do you see IFMA's role and agenda evolving?
We need to continue to look to our global outreach initiatives to support the philosophies of the association, while also enhancing the growth of facility management around the world. This outreach is governed by a consistent assessment process by senior management that includes resource allocations, situational reviews, competitive advantages and cost-benefit analysis. As evidenced both by our practices and continuing relationship with the USGBC, facility management professionals have long been concerned and engaged in the environmental aspects of the facilities and workplaces they operate, especially from the perspective of energy conservation and high-performance buildings. Strategic facility plans also make the business case for investments in sustainability related initiatives. IFMA, as the premier representative for the profession and its concerns, holistically embraces environmental stewardship.


text: I see on the numerous (and sometimes questionable) hunting shows on TV where the animal is shot while standing still, and when hit the hind legs suck up underneath, the animal falls heavily in its tracks, and expires with hardly a wiggle. Now I have made a lot of shots on animals in the past, and seen many more made. I don't recall this ever happening with a heart/lung shot. Does anyone know if these are spine shots purposely made (that is a pretty small target to be able to hit reliably) to make it look better for TV? Just an old hunter wondering.


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The business of doing good: How to manage your non-profit's finances
Colorado Springs boasts some truly beautiful scenery. But did you know this scenic city is also home to nearly 2,000 non-profit organizations? Recently UMB hosted a group of almost 40 representatives from some of these local non-profits to talk with them about a variety of financial management tips for non-profit organizations. A panel of UMB experts shared information on topics like treasury management, purchasing cards, investment management, and endowments/foundations.
The non-profit sector is a growing field, not only in Colorado Springs but across the country. Non-profit organizations give back millions of dollars to their communities each year, but they're also important to the local and national economy. Public charities made up 12% of the 13.24 trillion GDP in 2010 (Urban Institute Press‡). In fact, non-profit employee numbers went up during the financial crisis, when much of the private sector full-time employee (FTE) numbers were going down.
The organizations that thrive combine streamlined fundraising processes, supporter/employee enthusiasm and buy-in, a strong relationship with their bank and a sound financial structure to manage the funds for the organization. Today I'll address the fundraising component.
Fundraising Processes
Is your donation and collecting process easy? Your supporters will appreciate simple donation methods, making them more likely to donate again. Streamlining the process to collect funds can save money to go back to your organization and enhance the work you are doing to better your community. Here are some ways to simplify your fundraising process:
- Consider a multi-channel electronic billing and payment solution. You can speed up the cash flow process and possibly increase recurring donors by giving them flexibility with how they can donate. For example, you could use a mobile phone application to gain followers who will then regularly donate to your organization. The increasingly popular text-to-give or text-to-donate programs are an excellent example of this.
- Look for a program with a high level of automation to streamline the fundraising process and reduce cost. A program with more automation is also likely to have reporting capability. Fundraising reporting provides valuable information you can use to track donation trends and find your strengths and weaknesses in the various channels you use to collect funds.
- Give your supporters plenty of options on how to donate in addition to electronic solutions. This can be something as simple as a donation box at your next event. Don't ignore low-tech forms of giving in an effort to chase the next big technology trend. Smart phones are more widely-used all the time, but don't assume that you should invest all your efforts into mobile giving apps. People like to have options and you never want to inhibit your supporters' ability to donate.
Fundraising is a top priority for any non-profit, but smart and streamlined fundraising is what will take your organization to the next level.
Be sure to check out my upcoming blogs that will cover supporter and employee enthusiasm, strong bank partnerships and finally, sound financial structure.
When you click links marked with the "‡" symbol, you will leave UMB's website and go to websites that are not controlled by or affiliated with UMB. We have provided these links for your convenience. However, we do not endorse or guarantee any products or services you may view on other sites. Other websites may not follow the same privacy policies and security procedures that UMB does, so please review their policies and procedures carefully.
Mr. Doyle is community bank president for UMB's Colorado Springs region. He is responsible for guiding strategic direction in the Colorado Springs region as a member of the Colorado management team. He joined UMB in 2011 and has eight years of experience in the financial services industry. He earned a bachelor's degree in finance from Florida State University in Tallahassee, Fla. and a master's degree in business administration from Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Okla.


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Bookmark this site
SILVER SPRING, MD -- Constantine (Sam) Sartori, a longtime vending industry leader, died here on March 16. He was 91.
Born in San Savino, Italy, Sartori was raised in New York City. Following service in the U.S. Navy during World War II, he joined Canteen Corp. in the Washington, DC, market and advanced to the post of Washington branch operations manager. He left Canteen in 1966 to open a restaurant, but his vending experience led him to place some older eight-column Stoner machines in locations unable to obtain service from large operations.
This enterprise prospered, and Sartori brought his son John and son-in-law Dominic Finelli into the business. Their combined efforts expanded the company into a strong regional operation. Sam retired in 1992, selling the business to John and Dominic (it was purchased by Canteen Vending Services in 2011).
Sartori is survived by daughters Carolyn (Finelli), Paula (Kozlic) Patricia (Major), Mary (Grimley), Bernadette (Davis) and son John, and 16 grandchildren.
Memorial contributions may be made to Montgomery Hospice Foundation, 1355 Piccard Dr., Ste. 100, Rockville, MD 20850 or Salesian Missions, 2 Lefevre Lane, New Rochelle, NY 10801.


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Posted by Mary Ann
Thank you for the table. I meant to e-mail you on Tuesday, but the earthquake made me forget. I bought
the table to replace a 20+ year old, lesser quality one, with a wobbly leg. It was OK until my new kitten,
who loved to make flying leaps onto it, turned into a 10 pound, young adult cat. I happened to see him
land on the new table on Tuesday morning and it didn't move at all! What a relief; thank you again. I'm a
very satisfied customer.
Posted by Roxanna
I love this table and will be ordering another shortly. The quality is exceptional and the table is very
strong compared to other "like" ones I have had or found in the market.Thanks
Posted by Eileen
We love the table and the glass top recently purchased from Ready to Cover. The table was our first
purchase from you. It was made to order, shipped immediately and was made in America with quality
materials. Also, we would like to compliment your very pleasant and helpful staff. The glass top took
only a few days to reach us, and in one piece! Wishing you good health and happiness in the New Year.


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Article Translations: (Spanish)
Tonsillitis is swelling and irritation of the tonsils, lumps of tissue that sit on both sides of the back of the throat. The tonsils help in the immune system to protect the body from infections that may enter through the mouth. When the tonsils become infected they become enlarged and red, and have a yellow or white coating.
Tonsil infections may be contagious. They can spread from person to person by contact with the mouth, throat, or mucus of someone who is infected. A person with tonsillitis may have a sore throat, fever, swollen glands in the neck, and trouble swallowing.
Treating Tonsillitis
Treatment for tonsillitis depends on whether it is caused by a virus or by bacteria like group A streptococcus bacteria. Doctors usually can't tell the difference just by looking at the tonsils, but can detect strep bacteria with a rapid strep test or a throat culture.
If tonsillitis is caused by a virus, the body will fight off the infection on its own. If it's caused by strep bacteria, the doctor probably will prescribe an antibiotic. If so, make sure that your child completes the full course of treatment.
For kids who get tonsillitis often (more than 6 times during a 12-month period) or frequent repeat infections over several years, doctors might recommend a tonsillectomy to remove the tonsils.
Caring for Your Child
Kids with tonsillitis need plenty of nourishment and rest. If swallowing is so painful that eating is difficult, try serving liquids and soft foods, like soups, milkshakes, smoothies, ice pops, or ice cream.
Make sure that your child drinks lots of fluids and gets plenty of rest. Use a nonprescription pain reliever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, for throat pain. Don't give aspirin or other products that contain aspirin, though, because these can put kids at risk for Reye syndrome, an illness that can have serious complications.
Keep your sick child's drinking glasses and eating utensils separate, and wash them in hot, soapy water. All family members should wash their hands often.
Preventing Tonsillitis
Try to keep kids away from anyone who already has tonsillitis or a sore throat, and make sure everyone in your family practices good hand-washing.
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995-2017 KidsHealth ® All rights reserved. Images provided by iStock, Getty Images, Corbis, Veer, Science Photo Library, Science Source Images, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com


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Frontier Airlines to the rescue
(Cleveland) - Frontier Airlines will be bringing more flights to Cleveland Hopkins International Airport this summer.
The low-fare airline, which is stepping in where United Airlines stepped away, is adding six nonstop destination in June.
Frontier's new Cleveland -based flights will include Atlanta, Tampa and Phoenix.
According to Frontier Airlines Vice President Daniel Shurz, the markets they're serving from Cleveland, and low fares make them attractive to travelers.
Get breaking news sent to your mobile phone.Text "news" to 21095.
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