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GRAND RAPIDS, MI — Rowe International Corp.'s one-millionth jukebox, a digital NiteStar that connects to the AMI Entertainment Network, Rowe's online music management service, rolled off the assembly line on July 11. The milestone represents the company's 97 years of ingenuity in the automatic music industry, from the design and manufacture of automatic player pianos and 78-RPM and 45-RPM coin phonographs to laser compact disc and digital downloading jukeboxes.
"Since the early days of the automatic music industry, Rowe has been making musical history and advancing jukebox technology," said John Margold, Rowe's senior vice-president of sales and marketing, who presided over the jukebox's unveiling. "Back then, we were the first company to play both sides of a record. Today, Rowe is the only factory that maintains an online music service to support its jukeboxes, offering even more value to the coin-operated amusement industry. The strong acceptance of NiteStar, and all of Rowe's new Internet-access jukeboxes, has helped us realize the extraordinary accomplishment of manufacturing one million jukeboxes."
Deeply rooted in American culture, the jukebox has played a central role in the music industry for almost a century, helping to promote and establish numerous artists across the nation. Rowe, the oldest and largest manufacturer of coin-operated jukeboxes, has contributed greatly to the jukebox's fortunes throughout the 20th century, Margold observed. Its jukebox business dates back to 1909 when the National Automatic Music Co., with only $200 in working capital, began leasing and building automatic electrical player pianos. The company's manufacturing division, National Piano Manufacturing Co., operated as a separate entity.
Early 20th century player pianos, which played music without the need for a human pianist, were controlled by mechanical or pneumatic means; today they are electronic. They were popular in the early 1900s, around the same time the acoustic gramophone became fashionable. For its player piano, National held two patents for a "selecting device" that allowed the patron to pick any desired music roll in the magazine to play.
"It had only six selections from which to choose – nothing like the quarter-million-plus array available on today's digital jukeboxes, which offer on-demand access to an unlimited amount of songs stored in a remote music library," the Rowe vice-president said.
From the start, National Automatic Music was based in Grand Rapids, the boyhood home of President Gerald R. Ford Jr. In 1922, the player piano maker moved into a facility located at 1500 Union Avenue, a site previously occupied by a manufacturer of horse-drawn hearses, where it has been building jukeboxes ever since.
In 1925, National Automatic Music, which operated some 4,200 player pianos, and National Piano Manufacturer merged their business activities to form the Automatic Musical Instrument Co., and the newly created AMI would become an enduring symbol of jukebox Americana. AMI acquired a record-changing mechanism from inventor B.C. Kenyon. The apparatus allowed the factory to make use of the then-modern 78-RPM low-fi disc, the first electrically recorded music technology, and enter the budding jukebox market, which would soon make player pianos obsolete.
At the same time in Los Angeles, an American inventor named William Rowe devised a cigarette vending machine that began a trend toward selling higher-priced merchandise in the emerging automatic merchandising sector. Before the Rowe cigarette machine, merchandise venders were primarily limited to dispensing penny gum and candy. Four decades later, the vending machine business he founded would unite with AMI during a period of large-scale mergers and acquisitions that was a part of the postwar full-line vending revolution.
The Automatic Canteen Co., a nationwide vending operation undergoing rapid expansion, acquired Rowe Manufacturing Co. Inc. in the mid-1950s and soon after bought AMI in 1959, merging the two units into a manufacturing subsidiary called Rowe AC Services. Canteen, which redirected its focus on foodservice, eventually divested the manufacturing division and Rowe continued to build jukeboxes under the Rowe/AMI name, along with a full line of vending machines.
Today, Rowe is owned by Harbour Group Ltd. (St. Louis, MO), a privately held company that specializes in the acquisition and development of manufacturing concerns for long-term investment. Harbour Group established its Entertainment Products Group in December 2002 with the acquisition of Bensalem, PA-based Merit Industries, the leading maker of touchscreen video game products, and added Rowe in November 2003.
During the CD era of the late 1980s and '90s, Rowe grew to be the dominant jukebox manufacturer, commanding an estimated 65% to 70% of the domestic jukebox market share and 55% to 60% worldwide. In 2003, Rowe sold its vending business to apply all its engineering and marketing resources to the pursuit of new opportunities in the digital jukebox market. As part of that initiative, Rowe launched its AMI Entertainment Inc. subsidiary, which provides and manages digital music content, software and networking technology for today's Internet-access jukeboxes. Rowe also continues to design, market and build money-changing machines for the carwash, laundry and vending industries.
The jukebox industry of which Rowe is a significant part got underway in earnest during the post-Depression era. "Juke joints – the colloquial term for an informal establishment featuring blues music, dancing and alcoholic drinks – sprang up everywhere," Margold explained.
High production volume at the Grand Rapids jukebox plant continued until the Second World War. Not unlike many other American factories, AMI suspended production to retool for the war effort from 1940 until 1945. The company resumed jukebox production in 1946 and its Model A, affectionately known as the "Mother of Plastic" because of its opalescent plastics and colored glass gemstones, was the first box to roll off the postwar production line.
"The postwar years saw a nation hungry for entertainment, and the AMI factory ran at full capacity producing 100 machines per day for 245 working days annually to feed that appetite," the Rowe executive said. This boom lasted several years, during which time the jukebox industry benefited from – and contributed to – a surge of new audio technology.
The modern jukebox emerged in the late 1940s and enjoyed explosive growth in the following decade as the hi-fi vinyl micro-groove 45-RPM record, replacing 78-RPM technology, became the dominant recorded music format.
"The popular culture period defined by malt shops and bobby soxers fueled the demand for inexpensive entertainment," Margold said. "Before artists had the opportunity to promote to the public their new recordings on the radio, the jukebox was the best way for the music industry to reach out to record-buying patrons. Any establishment with a jukebox was the best place for music lovers to hear their favorite artists' new recordings. And while jukeboxes gave the public a method to hear the hot new songs, the designs developed by the engineers of Rowe also created a stylish look for the jukebox."
Many of the classic models from the various jukebox eras are on exhibit today in Rowe's jukebox museum in Grand Rapids. Their unique styles reflect the periods they served. The stylized "Art Deco" motif of the 1930s gave way to "Arts and Crafts" themes and then to the "Classic Mid-Century Design" and the flamboyant sci-fi designs of the 1960s. "Some of these early designs are a far cry from present-day computer-driven jukeboxes," Rowe's John Margold said, "but they were the modern marvels of their time."
While Rowe has earned its place in history as one of the most influential organizations in the coin-operated music industry, its new jukeboxes, also on display in the museum, illustrate how skillfully the company has kept pace with, and taken full advantage of, today's information technology to provide the 21st century patron with the best musical entertainment available.
Proof of this capability, which has enabled Rowe to adapt to technological and social changes, is the cumulative production of one million machines. Jukebox number 1,000,000, an AMI-powered NiteStar floor model, features both broadband and dialup functionality. It offers the patron a choice of more than a quarter-million songs and the ability to enter searches by easily defined criteria. NiteStar also allows patrons to pay a premium to move their selection to the front of the queue, and to use coins, bills or credit cards to make purchases. And music vendors can apply genre filters to tailor content for a jukebox location's music tastes, and customize selections according to the time of day and the day of the week.


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2010 - 2011
The second cohort of the Center for Collaborative Conservation fellowships was awarded to sixteen fellows. This cohort included nine graduate students, three faculty members, and four conservation practitioners. Among this group of fellows were two interns who assisted in projects. These fellows also represented six departments and two colleges from CSU, as well as three NGO's.
The second cohort of CCC fellows focused their work in eleven diverse locations that included:
- Mongolia
- Kenya
- Guinea Bissau
- Peru
- Costa Rica
- Panama
- Nepal
- Spain
- Ethiopia
- Tanzania
- United States
Of the seven fellows who focused their work in the United States, five worked in communities across Colorado from the Front Range to the Western Slope, one worked with a rancher's collaborative in Montana, and another with members of more than thirty tribal nations across the nation.
Diverse problems
Their worked focused on problems as diverse as:
- the sharing of scarce water resources among agricultural and urban communities in Colorado
- engagement of transboundary stakeholders in ecosystem services projects in Costa Rica and Panama
- better understand how collaboratives work and how they can work effectively through using both market and non-market-based incentives for conservation

subset: commoncrawl


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I had the same prob.
Try to install nvidia driver from console:
Check to see if your card is compatible.
If it is then download 100.14.19 driver onto a usb thumbdrive. Let it boot with the thumbdrive attached then after you login
cd to /mnt/thumbdrivename (type mount if you do not know the name)
sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-100.14.19-pkg1.runFollow the on screen guide and let it create a new xorg.conf
Don't thank me thanks goes to PrairieFire


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Trimbach Ribeaupierre Gewurztraminer 2001
Gewurztraminer from Alsace, France
Winemaker's Notes
The remarkable richness and depth of this wine is partly due to a special soil based on marl and limestone. It comes from the ancestral vineyards of the lords of Ribeaupierre and the grapes are never picked before they have reached maximum ripeness. It is only made in exceptional years.
Redolent of roses, lychees, spices, this immensely rich Gewurztraminer can misleadingly seem slightly sweet. This is misleading. In youth, the roundness and viscosity can mask its typical dryness as well as the underlying finesse which is the Trimbach trademark.
This long-living wine makes a fascinating aperitif but truly comes into its own with foie gras or desserts based on fresh ripe fruit.
This rich and powerful but dry Gewurztraminer will match every World Cuisine where various tastes, spices and exotism blend with happiness.
Ageing potential: Minimum 10- years +
Critical Acclaim
International Wine Cellar - "Scented aromas of smoked meat, clove and flowers. Sweet and ripe but slightly aggressive. A big, oily expression of gewurztraminer with strong ginger and clove spice character. Can't quite hide its 14.5% alcohol, but a slab of ripe Alsace muenster will make the warmth all but disappear."
Trimbach Winery
Maison Trimbach began in 1626 when Jean Trimbach settled in Riquewihr and established the family wine trade.
Jean-Frédéric Trimbach, born in 1811, was appointed Gourmet of Hunawihr, a position designed to protect the quality of wine exports. He transferred the Maison Trimbach business to Hunawihr, where he served as mayor for many years.
Jean-Frédéric and his son, Frédéric-Emile continued the family tradition, and Frédéric-Emile traveled extensively to promote the wines. In 1898 he received the Certificate of Highest Quality at the Brussels International Show. With Frédéric-Emile at the helm, Maison Trimbach began bottling its wines in Alsace rather than selling in bulk, providing a new guarantee of quality and authenticity. The contribution of Frédéric-Emile Trimbach was recognized when the family adopted his initials in the firm's official name: Maison F.E. Trimbach.
Today, the tradition of quality continues with the 11th and 12th generations of the Trimbach family. Hubert and his older brother Bernard, along with Bernard's sons, Pierre and Jean, have continued operations and currently produce approximately 80,000 cases of wines annually. Over one-third of their production is exported to the United States. While one of the smallest of the many producers in Alsace, they are nonetheless the largest, most widely recognized Alsace brand in the United States. View all Trimbach Wines
About AlsaceView a map of Alsace wineries France and Germany, nestled between the Voges Mountains and the Rhine River. These landmarks give Alsace an ideal climate for the white grapes that have become the mainstays of the region. Pinot Noir is also grown, with plantings of the grape increasing with consumer demand for red wine.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Alsace underwent a territorial tug-of-war, bouncing from France to Germany and back to France again at the end of the first World War. While the French led the renaissance of fine wine production in the 20th century, Alsacians have integrated both French and German influences in their wine. Alsacian wines are mostly white, with Riesling, Pinot Gris and Gewurztraminer leading the plantings. Pinot Blanc, Muscat and Sylvaner are also popular varietals. The bottles are flute-shaped, like many German wines, and the type of grape is clearly placed on the wine's label – quite unlike the typical French practice of labeling wines by region.
Notable FactsAlsace wines have four noble varieties: Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris and Muscat. These are the only varietals allowed in the 50 Alsacian Grand Cru wines. Pinot Blanc, while not noble, is key in making many of the Cremant d'Alsace (sparkling wines) and is found in many Alsace AC blends. Most of the wines from the region are dry – with steely acidity and round fruit flavors, typically more full bodied (aka, more alcohol) than their German counterparts. There are also sweet wines and, of course, sparkling.
About France - Other regionsWhen it comes to wine, France is a classic. Classic blends, grapes and styles began in the country and they still remain. Think about it - people ask for a Burgundian style Pinot Noir, they refer to wines as Bordeaux or Rhone blends - Champagne even had to pass a law to stop international wineries from putting their region on the label of all sparkling wine.
The top regions of France are: Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne, Languedoc-Roussillon, Loire, Rhone. And these regions are so diverse! It makes sense that wine regions throughout the world try to emulate their style. Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah are no longer French varieties, but international varieties. They may not be the leader of cutting edge technology or value-priced wines, but there is no doubt that they are still producing wines of great quality and diversity.
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Jennifer Lopez turns up the heat on iHeartRadio Ultimate Pool Party
Listen to Jennifer Lopez Radio on iHeartRadio
Jennifer Lopez gave the #ULTIMATE performance at the iHeartRadio Ultimate Pool Party. As if Miami wasn't hot enough, Jenny From The Block turned up the heat.
The audience was treated to a mix of classic J.Lo songs like "Ain't It Funny," "On The Floor," and "Jenny From The Block." But she also performed songs from her new album A.K.A. like "First Love" and "Booty" - and boy, did she shake it!!
It's safe to say J.Lo's iHeartRadio Ultimate Pool Party Performance proves what a truly amazing performer she is. Bleeding from her knee, she executed a flawless show, winning over the entire audience, and everyone watching at home. You GO, girl!
Check out the highlights from her #Ultimate performance:
Her AMAZING outfit. Jenny looked perfect!
Her dancers were ON POINT.
Her booty-shaking abilities - Level: EXPERT.
Check out the rest of the photos from her performance below!
Photos: Getty Images


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You exercise your body to stay physically in shape, so why shouldn't you exercise your brain to stay mentally fit? With these daily exercises you will learn how to flex your mind, improve your creativity and boost your memory. As with any exercise, repetition is necessary for you to see improvement, so pick your favorite exercises from our daily suggestions and repeat them as desired. Try to do some mentalrobics every single day!
verb :: To dissolve gradually and become liquid by attracting and absorbing moisture from the air, as certain salts, acids, and alkalies.
verb :: To melt away.
"This type of salt deliquesces easily and in an hour it will be gone."
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All Customer Reviews:
Red Kap Men's Premium Red-E-Press Industrial Work Pant
Average Customer Review:
61 Reviews
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Best I've found
Reviewer: Ervin Troyer (Plain City, O)
I've used these pants for years. I regret they don't have the silver grey color any more which was my 1st choice.
very good pants
Reviewer: Merle Graybill (Goshen, IN)
These pants are very good quality and an excellent fit. My past experience with Red Kap is, They wear very well. There is only one complaint the fly zipper should be longer. Mark me down as a satisfied Red Kap customer.
Excellent quality
Reviewer: Denise Ryan (Salt Lake City, UT)
I work in a restaurant and need quality work pants to protect me from the hazards of heat and spills. I appreciate Red Kap work wear: the price is reasonable, quality superb. Thank you.
Fatastic experience
Reviewer: Kim (Huntsville, AL)
I have placed two separate orders for pants. Both times my order was at my door the second day after I placed my order and the pants fit perfectly. The first order I ordered un-hemmed. The second time I ordered hemmed and they fit perfectly. Sizing was EXACT! I WILL continue to order from this fabulous company
Perfect Work Pant for Construction
Reviewer: Mike B (Brent , AL)
Perfect Work Pant for Construction! They are very light but tough. They have a loose fit which allows for some ventilation and keeps you from binding up when stooping or bending. I was looking for a pant that was an upgrade from blue Jeans but not Sundays best. This is it!
the pants are great
Reviewer: yuba lopez (Glenolden, pa)
I can't ask for any better
Quality goods
Reviewer: R Schmitt (Ankeny, Iowa)
Long lasting. I have worn these for 7-8 years. Wrinkle free from the dryer!! One request though. As the waist gets bigger (48) I'd like to see the legs narrower.
Well Worth the few dollars extra
Reviewer: Bill B (, TX)
These are well worth the few dollars extra over the regular pants. While the regular pants are fine, these premium pants stay much nicer looking for a lot longer time. They don't wrinkle as bad in the wash, keep the crease, and just "feel" nicer to the touch.
The pants are GREAT as aways.
Reviewer: Robert (Felda, Fl.)
The pants are made of great long lasting material. The pants fit great as always.
I am svery atisfied with this purchase.
Reviewer: Vincent Armstrong (Raspeburg, MD)
The work pants are a part of my work uniform. I am very happy with the purchase.
Great Value!
Reviewer: Amy (Paris, TX)
When my boyfriend needed all new work pants, all I could think of were dollar signs. He deserves nice, comfortable clothes but I wasn't looking forward to the expense. I was thrilled when I found this site and saw the prices and reviews! Now that I have received my own order I can confidently say that I won't be ordering from anywhere else, ever. The pants are durable, comfortable, and look great, and I can't believe the low prices. I am a very happy customer!
Very Satisfied
Reviewer: Kevin Vass (evansville, in)
Best fitting pants I ever wore. I mean BAM, fit is awesome. Had a fellow employee ask where I got them and I wouldn't be surprised if he ordered from you as well.
Great Value and Quality.
Reviewer: Lydia Ezzell (Petersburg, Virginia)
I always buy my husbands work clothes from you because I always get the best service and the best quality for the price. Have been shopping here for many years and I have no complaints. Thank you for your service.
great pants
Reviewer: Richard Vetter (Clinton, MD)
strong and durable
Reviewer: JOHN B.HUNNICUTT (aurora, or)
Reviewer: Good News Mountaineer Garage (Charleston, WV)
Fits and is durable.
nursing uniform pants
Reviewer: Richard Bann (New Cumberland , pa)
bought 3 liked them a lot. Bought 2 more.
Great Pants
Reviewer: LOS (Staten Island, NY)
My guy is big and tall and finding pants to accommodate him is difficult. He works on transmissions and was renting clothes, but they didn't fit well at all. I've done a ton of online research and stumbled across this site. Prior to ordering, I read all the reviews and decided to order one size up in the waist (56). Glad I did- they fit perfectly! It's been a month and they've held up - I just ordered 3 more! Only complaints are that there are a lot of loose threads around the waist and belt loops, and pilling has begun in the crotch area, so we'll see what happens there.
Nice fabric but too big.
Reviewer: Kathleen Rowland (Mansfield, TX)
The quality of these slacks looked great, however I had to return them because they were too big for my brother.
Good Pants Good Price
Reviewer: Scott (Williamsburg, OH)
I'm an administrator for an ambulance service. These pants look good enough for the office & tough enough for the street.
pants sizes not accurate
Reviewer: robert yost (MORGANTOWN, WV)
I ordered 36s the first time,,they were tight, so I ordered 38s and they were just as tight
good value for a fair price
Reviewer: Mark G (Carol Stream, IL)
We have been buying this uniforms for years, and have had very good luck. We will continue to purchase from Automotive Workwear.
I think the Paint's Are Good Quilty
Reviewer: John Gehring (Cincinnati, Oh)
Reviewer: jeff wappelhorst (Greenville , )
Fit well. Just right.
Far superior quality
Reviewer: Tom Larkey (Hugo, Mn)
So far quality looks far better than other brands I've purchased. Service was great. If they last a while and hold together....10/10!
These pants are perfect for work and look great alway!
Reviewer: Granger Angel (, Fl)
I really like these pants because They are perfect for work and I can go into town for business and still they look good!
Premium Red-E-Permant Press Industrial Pant
Reviewer: Lamar Walker (Clover, SC)
Great service on the internet order and the pants wear just great.
American Waistline
Reviewer: Victor Shaver (Apple Valley, California)
Saddened that paints were in reality 2 sizes smaller then ordered. I guess thats what you get when made in a country where people are in contrast smaller in stature. They looked to be an excellent buy and good quality!!!
Nice for the price!
Reviewer: Steve (Nashville, )
Heavy duty fabric, launder well, nice crisp look. A great value!
Outstanding fit and appearance.
Reviewer: James Hamilton (Leesburg, GA)
These pants are simply wonderful for me. They are a perfect fit and they look so good. I am planning a cruise and they perfectly match the shirts I will be wearing with them.
great quality
Reviewer: Rodney Ely (Painesville, OH)
Great product, great price.
Pants sizing appears erratic.
Reviewer: Bob Walker (Indiianapolis, IN)
Having ordered work pants and enjoyed wearing them for some time I ordered replacements. They were the same size that I had ordered before but were 1 inch smaller than the previous pants. These were the same stock number but appeared to be different suppliers. At any rate when I called in, I was shipped the next size which seems to fit great, but I'm still waiting for UPS to pick up the non-fitting pants
Great Value and Quality
Reviewer: Michael Adams (Okeechobee, FL)
I been buying your work shirt and pants for a year. They wear very well. I just bought new one for the start of the school year.
Excellent no-wrinkle pants
Reviewer: Dennis Abdalla (Columbia, SC)
Have been wearing Red Kap pants for some time now and they are my favorite. Fit well, do not wrinkle and can be worn for work or casual wear. They also are long lasting. I highly recommend them.
The Pants fit and last for years
Reviewer: David Spears (Henderson, NV)
I was a union carpenter for years and was provided with uniforms to ware. After retirement I couldn't find any pants that were as confortable as uniform pants. Couple that with the right price "Done Deal"
nice pants sized small
Reviewer: tortalyn (orlando, fl)
I order size 35 waist since the 34 were getting small. Had to have the let out. Sized 35 was more like a 34 waist.
Reviewer: GRJ (Huntsville, AL, )
Nice fit; comfortable. Quality was much more than I had expected for the price paid.
Reviewer: Therese (Rock Hill, SC)
My husband will only wear these pants. He gets one color for dress and one for work. They are comfortable, yet tough. They hold up really well and launder beautifully. A great product!
Great quality and value
Reviewer: Ken nodland (Punta Gorda, Fl)
These are the Most comfortable pants.
Work pants
Reviewer: Etta Morrison (New Harbor, Maine)
So far so good A good fit and so far holding up in the laundry ! I am waiting for the results after several washings So far looks great
Just great pants
Reviewer: Michael Hagan (Omaha, Nebraska)
I have been very happy with everything I have purchased from Automotive Workwear so far - mostly shirts. This is the first pair of pants that I have bought.....and as far as I can see they are great. I have only worn them twice, so as far as durability, etc. - time will tell. But my guess is they will be well worth the money. And quite frankly I think they look great.
Outstanding quality
Reviewer: Ronald Lewis (Portsmouth, Va)
I am very pleased with these trousers. They wear well and was up nicely. I couldn't be more pleased with these pants.
Red-E-Permanent Press Industrial Work Pants
Reviewer: Falcon (Racine, WI)
Acceptable, but tailoring could be better. Sizing is generous, to say the least. I feel like I have to take a couple of steps before the pants move. The shirts I bought (made in Honduras) are tailored much better than the pants (made in Mexico).
great buy
Reviewer: Suane Grigsby (Union City, Mi)
my son loves this
they fit
Reviewer: Old man (Coppell, Texas)
Great paints. Though this order I found my legs have shrunk 29" are now to long.
Great Value and Product
Reviewer: Peter Belmont (Brooklyn, NY)
Pants are very comfortable, durable and wash well. Highly recommend.
Good Quality
Reviewer: Matt (Sparta, TN)
This is the second time I have ordered these pants. They fit well and hold up.
Great Fit and very Durable
Reviewer: Thomas (Kokomo, IN)
These pants fit Great and are very comfortable. They go well at the office and with a T shirt look good afterwork.
Couldn't Live Without Them
Reviewer: RMJ (Anderson, SC)
I wear these to work daily and couldn't be more pleased with them. They are made of tough material that launders well. I couldn't live without them.
How Do They Do It
Reviewer: Ken Nelson (Milwaukee, WI)
Have been buying Red Cap cotton work pants for years. Price is excellent, quality is great, and they wear reasonably well (they're cotton after all). Will continue to buy work clothes here.
excellent pants
Reviewer: Thomas Stull (Tallahassee, FL)
The pants are well made and should be durable. The only problem I have is the 7 inch zipper. This seems to be standard on pants these days. In the past, a pants zipper was 9 inches.
Good quality
Reviewer: Vivian Matienzo (Miami, Fl)
A more comfortable, lighter fabric than most
Great work pants
Reviewer: Vivian Hosler (Traverse City, MI)
These are really nice work pants. I bought them for my husband. They are true to size and look very nice.
PT10 Pants
Reviewer: Tim Cox (Coweta, Ok)
Heavy Duty pants. Fit very well. Last under harsh environments
Super service
Reviewer: Ruth Revlett (Calhoun, KY)
Super fast service. The pants I ordered are truly perma press and look great after each wash.
Work Pants
Reviewer: Dwayne Ammons (Jesup, GA)
I am very pleased with the Premium Red-E-Permanent Industrial Work Pants. This is the first time I have bought these and they are nice enough to wear anywhere. They are comfortable and long lasting!
Nice Pants, Short Front Pockets
Reviewer: Curtis C. (Oklahoma City, OK)
The pants are good quality, should be long lasting, retain their crease well. HOWEVER, the front pockets are TOO SHORT. They should be 2-3 inches longer vertically. If you are sitting, stuff falls out of them and note books get creased in the middle. I wear a fanny pack for my note book and phone.
great pants
Reviewer: Troy Riley (Morehouse, MO)
I realy like these pant the are exactly what i wanted. The look, the fit the price all good. i will be ordering more...
Reviewer: Johnny (Fairfax, va)
The sizes with AW are definately off by a mark or two..... Please order 1 size up or you tummy will not like it the next morning.. But a "BIG" thanks to "AW" for supplying a GREAT product!!!!!!
Worth the Money !
Reviewer: Brendan Mahoney (Levittown, New York)
I work on a golf course & these are part of my uniform.They 'don't ' fall apart in the wash.I had 12 pairs for almost 10 years.They are also "cheap" too.I hope you keep prdocing a size 30 in these pants !!!
Great Pants, Great price, Great look.
Reviewer: Bill Wendler (Hartford , wi)
I have ordered from Automotive Workwear in the past and I have always been more than happy,this product is great. I have recomended this product and this company to others,and will kieep on doing so.
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ARAVAN EVI is set in a unique peaceful environment of Urgup, Cappadocia – a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Designed with an inviting relaxed vibe, comfort and with a great view of Ayvali village, our family run boutique hotel meets the need of everyone who wants to experience the true traditional style of Turkish hospitality.
The Yazgan family run boutique hotel and restaurant deliver not only the essentials but focus on what modern day travellers really want – complimentary high speed WIFI, excellent traditional Turkish home cooked food and a relaxed alfresco terrace for you to unwind to catch the sunset and watch the stars.
ARAVEN EVI is an excellent choice for you to experience the best that Cappadocia has to offer – from personalised Jeep Tours to Organic Garden visit and Hot Air Balloon rides. The personal service is the hallmark of ARAVAN EVI. We promise that you will arrive as guests and leave as family.
Let our house, be yours!


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Brevard, N.C.- Brevard's Johannes Kloster and David Taggart paired up to take the number one doubles match before both picked up singles wins against Anderson, but it wasn't enough to hold off the Trojans in a 6-3 loss at McCoy Tennis Complex on Friday afternoon.
Kloster and Taggart edged Abdoulaye Camara and Jerome Branker 8-6 on the number one doubles court before breaking off for singles competition. BC's George Finch and Rory Northam lost a close 8-6 doubles match on court number two that would have given BC a 2-1 advantage heading into singles play.
Kloster knocked off Daniel Gonzalez on the first singles court 6-2, 6-4 while Taggart handled Camara 6-3, 6-2 on singles court number two.
As Sunday's match with the Mars Hill College Lions has been postponed due to weather concerns, the BC men aren't back in action until Wednesday as they host the Newberry Wolves at McCoy at 2 p.m.


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WATCH: Daft Punk's 'The Collaborators' Episode 6 - Chilly Gonzales
Listen to Daft Punk on iHeartRadio | Listen to Chilly Gonzales
Daft Punk's "The Collaborators" series continues with Grammy-nominated Chilly Gonzales. The pianist, producer, and songwriter talks about why he thinks the French duo picked him to collaborate with, even though Chilly admits he doesn't like collaborations.
Chilly says, "It was very exciting to me. I have a real love for the mathematics of music. I think they knew that about me, and that was their way of trying to use me in a really appropriate way."
Gonzales also touches on building bridges between the songs on Random Access Memories, and even tickles the ivories, giving a sneak peek at what fans can expect.
Watch below:


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Libraries & Spaces
Information for:
What is the history of the statue of Our Lady of Fatima on Copley Lawn?
The Class of 1950 presented the University with the statue of Our Lady of Fatima as their class gift. The Class felt that a statue of Our Lady should have a prominent place on campus to increase devotion and so that May devotions, a daily event in that month for the College, could be held in a suitable place. Made of carrara marble and carved in Italy, the original statue was broken as it was loaded on board ship for its journey to the U.S., so a second, identical statue had to be made. The second statue arrived on campus in time to be blessed and dedicated at the 1950 commencement exercises. The statue is situated facing Copley Hall. Its base is inscribed with the words: "Our Lady of Fatima, P A X, Class of 1950." The Senior Gift Committee estimated that $2000 would be needed to pay for the statue. Over $3000 was actually raised and the Committee was also able to buy trees to plant behind the statue.


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If you are not 100% satisfied with your purchase, you can return your order to the warehouse for a full refund (Bottles must be unopened, in the state you received them, and in the original packaging). We believe that in order to have the best possible online shopping experience, our customers should not have to pay for domestic return shipping. So if you're not happy with your purchase, just contact us right away and we will provide you with details for returning the unopened bottles - your domestic shipping costs are prepaid by us.
With the WineChateau.com 365 day return policy, there are no special catches or exceptions. All we ask is that you send the items back to us in the original packaging, unopened, and in the same condition you received them.
Have questions? Prefer to order by Phone? The Wine Chateau Customer Loyalty Team (WCCLT) is happy to help!
Call WCCLT Monday - Friday 10am - 7pm EST:
1-888-423-8079 or
Email Wine Chateau Customer Loyalty Team
Most diet restrictions do just that – eliminate certain foods and drinks. With a wide selection of kosher wine online at Wine Chateau, you can enjoy your favorite wines without compromising your kosher diet. We have hundreds of varieties available for you to choose from to help you celebrate the holidays or enjoy a good meal while adhering to your beliefs. Buy kosher wine online for additional savings and a wider selection.
All ingredients used in the usual winemaking process are considered kosher, so kosher wines are made in the same way. The major difference between the two is the oversight and handling. Every step of the process in the production of kosher wine – to deserve the label according to Jewish dietary laws – must be overseen or handled by either a rabbi or Sabbath-observant Jews. Wine that meets this criterion then receives a special seal of approval to verify it is kosher. In additional to traditional kosher wine, we also have Passover kosher wine online for purchase. These wines must follow additional guidelines in accordance with the holiday and must be kept away from chametz.
The demand for the best kosher wines has increased exponentially in the past few decades. Winemakers have risen to the occasion, producing more kosher wine and with greater variety. Kosher wines tend to be red, but white varieties are available as well to suit all preferences. If you're a red wine maven, find Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Pinot Noir and Merlot kosher wine online at Wine Chateau. If you stand firmly on the side of white wine, try a Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Sauvignon Blanc or other white blend from our extensive selection.
Having company over? Don't shvitz the small stuff. Visit Wine Chateau to order the best kosher wines and make sure you're prepared for guests. Shop for kosher wine in dozens of varieties from around the world to find your favorite.


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Three Killed, Five Injured In Shooting at The Mall in Columbia
From NBCWashington.com:
Three people were killed in a shooting at Columbia Mall in Howard County, Md. Saturday, and five were injured as crowds of weekend shoppers rushed to find shelter.
The suspect, a man, was among those found dead; he had apparently died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Late Saturday, police said they had tentatively identified the shooter, though his name was not released.
His body was found near a shotgun and ammunition, police said. They also said the shooter also had a bag with two "crude" attempts at explosives in it.
Police identified the two killed as Brianna Benlolo, 21, of College Park, Md. and Tyler Johnson, 25, originally of Ellicott City, Md. and more recently of Mt. Airy, Md. Both were employees of Zumiez, a store on the upper level of the mall that caters to teen shoppers.
Zumiez issued a statement on its Facebook page Saturday evening expressing deep sadness over the shooting: "The Zumiez team is a tight knit community and all of our hearts go out to Brianna and Tyler's families."
The mall remains a crime scene, and will be closed Sunday. Howard County Police said on their Facebook page that they will search of the mall using K-9 units through the night.
The shooting threw the popular mall into chaos. Witnesses described hearing the shots shortly after 11 a.m., and watching some victims fall, while others fled.
"They just kept shooting and it didn't stop," said one witness.
She said she heard what sounded like "something being dropped" and then realized the sound was gunshots.
She rescued one child and then ran back to her job at a children's hair salon to secure the others.
"I work in Cartoon Cuts; I was downstairs getting a tea for my boss," she said. "And all of a sudden I heard ... it sounded like someone dropped something. And all of a sudden I see people fall, three people fall to the ground. I don't know what happened to them. And all I see is people going down to the floor and running.
"I just saw everybody run, so I ran."
Another shopper said he was in Sears when the shots rang out. "I heard a bang, and I was like man, that kinda sounds like a gunshot," said the young man.
"Then I see people running, and I hear some people screaming, and I heard it again -- boom, boom, boom. And people just started screaming and running. It was just complete madness."
Law enforcement sources told NBCNews that the shooting appears to have begun with a domestic dispute. However, Howard County Police have not confirmed that report, saying the motive remains unknown and they do not know the identity of the shooter.
None of the shots came from police, said Howard County Police Chief Bill McMahon.
The five people who were injured were transported to Howard County General Hospital. One victim suffered a gunshot wound to the foot. The other four had medical conditions or minor injuries, possibly related to the rush as shoppers ran for shelter.
The injured have been treated and released, according to the hospital.
Another eyewitness, a young woman, said she was in a PacSun store when the shooting happened: "We just heard gunshots, and then this lady came into the store and said there's a guy with a gun ... Me and my friend just ran in the back room.
"We were crying and we were just scared out of our minds, because our thought was that we were going to get shot."
News4 spoke to one man who said he was in phone contact with his daughter, who was taking shelter in a Bank of America inside the mall, along with dozens of others.
"People were panicking," the man said.
The mall, which is officially named "The Mall in Columbia" but is widely known as Columbia Mall, is located in Columbia, Md., between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore.
The shooting was the latest in a series of shootings in public locations. Earlier this week, one person was shot and killed at Purdue University and another was also killed at South Carolina State University.
Columbia Mall pic.twitter.com/GlZ7vwv3Nw
— Carrie Wells (@cwellssun) January 25, 2014
Helicopter landing on roof. #ColumbiaMallShooting pic.twitter.com/hzdunLCZK4
— DaAnGrYASiAN™ (@DaAnGrYASiAN) January 25, 2014
Three people confirmed dead at Columbia Mall. Victims unknown at this time.
— Howard County Police (@HCPDNews) January 25, 2014
Three people confirmed dead at Columbia Mall. Victims unknown at this time.
— Howard County Police (@HCPDNews) January 25, 2014
Emergency at Columbia Mall reported active shooter #HCDFRS and #HCPD on the scene. Avoid area.
— Howard Co Fire & EMS (@HCDFRS) January 25, 2014
A bunch of people just came out. #ColumbiaMallShooting pic.twitter.com/t20kcJVHtc
— DaAnGrYASiAN™ (@DaAnGrYASiAN) January 25, 2014
#ColumbiaMallShooting possibly located inside Sears?? pic.twitter.com/8xX8Qn7yAe
— DaAnGrYASiAN™ (@DaAnGrYASiAN) January 25, 2014
Are news crews JUST arriving on scene?? #ColumbiaMallShooting pic.twitter.com/mEIaYOs3wh
— DaAnGrYASiAN™ (@DaAnGrYASiAN) January 25, 2014


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Results for 'atmosphere'
the FEED
by Catholic Online
- Daily Readings for Thursday, July 27, 2017
- St. Pantaleon: Saint of the Day for Thursday, July 27, 2017
- A victory for Christianity - President Trump bans transgenderism in ...
- Archaeologists discover Tabernacle that held the Ark HD Video
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- Daily Reading for Friday, July 28th, 2017 HD Video
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- Shut off? What happened to the Vatican water supply! HD
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Daily Readings
Daily Reading for Wednesday July 26, 2017
Reading 1, Sirach 44:1, 10-15
Psalm, Psalms 132:11, 13-14, 17-18
Gospel, Matthew 13:16-17
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Sts. Joachim and Anne
July 26: Saints Joachim (sometimes spelled "Joaquin," ... Read More
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text:
On Terror's New Front Line, Mistrust Blunts U.S. Strategy
KUMBOTSO, Nigeria—The shooting clattered on for 30 minutes, residents of this dusty town say, and when it ended, four militants holding a German engineer hostage were dead.
So were the engineer, and four innocent bystanders.
In vast West Africa, a new front-line region in the battle against al Qaeda, Nigeria is America's strategic linchpin, its military one the U.S. counts on to help contain the spread of Islamic militancy....


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Brevard, N.C. - All Brevard College baseball alumni, it is time to come home as the Brevard College baseball team will be hosting an Alumni Game on Sunday, October 14, as a part of the BC Homecoming festivities.
All former Brevard College baseball players are invited to attend the event, featuring a cookout, Home Run Derby, and an Alumni Game played on Gil Coan Field on the campus of Brevard College.
Whether you participate in the game, or just want to come and be a part of the event, this is a great way to reconnect with old friends and former teammates, as well as having the chance to meet the current BC baseball players and coaching staff.
The best way to make sure this event is a success is to get in touch with all of your former teammates and pass on word about the event.
For more information or any questions on the event, contact either Coach Matt McCay at email@example.com or (828) 884-9158 or former Brevard College baseball player Ray Gill (class of 2005) at email@example.com or (828) 342-7789.
Brevard College Baseball Alumni Game Schedule
1:00 p.m. – Meet this years Brevard Baseball team
1:30 p.m. – Eat and relax
2:30 p.m. – BP and HR Derby
3:30 p.m. – 7 inning game


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In an instant classic, the Syracuse Orange men's basketball team had an eventful night at the KFC Yum! Center against the Louisville Cardinals.
After beginning the game with the advantage, the Orange lost the lead with 10:26 remaining in the first half, with the Cardinals going up 19-18.
Syracuse would fight back to tie the game before the break at 38 apiece.
For the second half, the upperhand stayed with Louisville until the 5:30 mark, when senior guard Brandon Triche fed fellow guard, sophomore Michael Carter-Williams, who connected from deep to take a 64-62 lead.
The lead would switch hands on four separate occasions, while the Orange and Cardinals tied five times.
Triche led four Syracuse players that finished in double-figures in points, with 23.
Junior guard Russ Smith of Lousiville was atop all scorers, ending with 25.
Carter-Williams led the Orange in assists (7), while junior forward C.J. Fair grabbed the most rebounds for Syracuse (8).
With the win, the Orange are now in sole possession of first place in the Big East Conference at 5-0, with the Cardinals moving to 4-1.
Overall, Syracuse improves to 17-1, while Louisville heads to 16-2.
The victory by the Orange will, most likely, oust the Cardinals from the top spot in the country's rankings.
Looking ahead, Syracuse will have little time between this win and their next match, as they return home to host the Cincinnati Bearcats at 3:30pm ET on Martin Luther King Day, Monday, January 21st.


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Hello WP plugin developers,
How do you deal with jQuery?
Normally any plugin / theme have to check if jQuery was already included and include it's own "jquery.js" only if newer version is required ( but first call wp_deregister_script('jquery'); )
In real life there are too many poorly written plugins / themes which doesn't do any checks and just throw in their own "jquery.js" which causes conflicts.
So what is the best way to deal with that when you create a WP plugin which uses 10 jQuery plugins which depend on jQuery, let's say 1.7.2.
I know about $my_jQuery = jQuery.noConflict(); method but it isn't too useful when you have 10 jQuery 3rd party plugins used by your WP plugin. Each is wrapped into function($) ... (jQuery) so they won't work with $my_jQuery. I don't want to edit all 3rd party plugins changing them to function($) ... ($my_jQuery) I hope you understand this.
If a client is using fault plugins, that is their fault and not yours. I never include jQuery as WordPress loads it by default. If for some reason things don't work, then you know it's not your fault but of 3rd party.
You can't (and shouldn't) fix others mistakes.
@Yatek it is definitely a bad idea to include your own jQuery or force the use of a specific version. As OriginalEXE says WordPress includes its own jQuery.
This is one of the most common errors we experience with plugins and themes. Whether you want to help your client and fix the error, so your plugin works is up to you!
We do help our customers even though the error is not in our plugin
thanks @OriginalEXE & @RightHere Good points you made
Because I know Wordpress includes jquery only from version 3.5….So what about the old wordpress versions? I want to make my plugin campatible with older versions too.
Please if someone knows the correct way the jquery without interfering with theme's jquery …please let me know.
wp_register_script('mymail-form', MYMAIL_URI . '/assets/js/form.js', apply_filters('mymail_no_jquery', array('jquery')), MYMAIL_VERSION, true);this way you can
function my_remove_jquery(){ return array (); } add_filter('mymail_no_jquery', 'my_remove_jquery');This doesn't help if the falsely used jQuery version is below your required version
ichurakov saidI also used that, but I have a soft rejected item. One of the issues specified in the rejection email is
I always use only WP native jQuery:wp_enqueue_script("jquery");
Please do not deregister or ignore the default version of jQuery being used by the theme and load a custom version.
So what shoud I do to make it the correct way?
I am not sure it's a good idea to rely on WP for jQuery. As someone pointed out, WP loads jQuery by default only after a certain version.
I deregister jQuery and then enqueue it.
As far as noconflict is concerned, I use
and then use jQuery('#id') instead of $('#id')
I like this thread. I really hope we can come up with an ideal standard.
Thanks for the answers… But is there any developer online who used a correct include in a plugin which was accepted on CC? Can he/she please tell us the exact way of doing this? I am still confused how should I include the jquery js at the begiing of my plugin withour breaking other plugins or the theme. Thanks


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1435 N. Alliance Ave - Springfield, MO 65802
phone - 417-866-8855
fax - 417-866-8804
toll free - 1-800-524-WASH
Thank you for your interest in JRI and our line of automatic parts washers. You have chosen the highest quality aqueous parts cleaning equipment manufacturing company in the industry. JRI takes pride in providing superior products, products, service, engineering and service after the sale.
industrial parts washers, commercial parts washers, aqueous parts washers, spray parts washers, parts washer, pass-through parts washer conveyor parts washer, dip tank parts washer, dip tanks, ultrasonic tanks, parts cleaner, basket parts washers
Copyright © 2010. JRI Industries


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Do you use MS Word for labels?
Ever need to print different labels on the same sheet? (I know I do it all the time at work. I never seem to need 30 of the same thing and I rarely use them for addresses).
Have you figured out how to get Word to give you a blank sheet of labels to work with or are you still fighting the program when it sticks you with an entire page of the same one?
Well, if you haven't found that blank page of labels yet, allow me to give you a little push in the right direction.
If you've found the labels at all, then you already know the beginning…
In older versions of Word we need the Tools menu, Letters and Mailing submenu, Envelopes and Labels choice.
For those of you with Word 2007 you'll need to head to the Mailings tab of the Ribbon and click the Labels button located on the far left side in the Create section.
Next, we need the Labels tab.
Older versions of Word will look like this:
Word 2007 is has the same elements but is arranged differently. Here's what you'll see.
Now, I know it's habit to put an address in the Address box, but resist the urge just this once.
If necessary, use the Options button to select the correct label size.
Once the label size is set, all you have left to do is click the New Document button.
That's it! You're returned to Word with a blank page of labels ready for you to mix and match as much as you please!
~ April


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Printable View
It's about that time again!
I agree both types are the worst. If i had one to keep it would be the Piney at least they are some what local and grew up going to LBI and south.
I was actually talking to my buddy about this while sitting on the beach this weekend in Sea Isle. He is a local from Sea Isle and I said what is going on here this is the worst summer I've seen for these dudes (and gals). It's bascially becoming Belmar. Every year they just migrate farther south.
It does make for a good laugh and conversation piece while sitting on the beach though. They should stick with wearing jean shorts and wife beaters since typically the board shorts they buy are skin tight and dont fit. This was by far the funniest thread.


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This yarn is a stunning blend of 70% mohair and 30% silk and features a white core, giving a subtle melange effect. When knitted, a vintage-look fabric is created, making it an ideal choice for all layering pieces, accessories and essential shapes.
A luxurious three strands of Kidsilk Haze and a mercerised cotton with 3 mm Swarovski CREATE YOUR STYLE crystals in matching shades. ca. 100 Swarovski CREATE YOUR STYLE crystals per ball (1 crystal per 10 cm distance). Each ball individually packaged and presented in a transparent box including patterns for four designs using kidsilk haze Shine as edging detail, as well as accessories.
Rowan yarns & Swarovski CREATE YOUR STYLE crystals … a uniquely luxurious, contemporary combination that literally empowers your creativity to shine.
Our ever popular Kidsilk Haze is a beautiful and versatile fine yarn made from a blend of super kid mohair and silk.
The perfect blend of lambswool and kid mohair creates a lovely soft yarn which is worked into a beautiful colour palette.
This wonderful soft roving British yarn is a designer's dream.


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|Click here to view the item
|Photograph of Eleanor Roosevelt seated with May Justus at a dinner table during a reception, Highlander Folk School, Monteagle, Tennessee
Eleanor Roosevelt seated with May Justus at a dinner table during a HFS reception.
The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.
Title provided by cataloger.
|Black-and-white photographs
|Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962 | Justus, May, 1898- | Presidents' spouses--United States | Highlander Folk School (Monteagle, Tenn.) | Dinners and dining--Tennessee--Monteagle | Adult education--Tennessee--Monteagle | Women social reformers--Tennessee--Monteagle | Social movements--Tennessee--Monteagle | Monteagle (Tenn.) | Grundy County (Tenn.)
|Highlander Folk School: A Photographic History
|Highlander Research and Education Center
|Emory University | Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.) | Highlander Folk School Collection (Emory University)
|Online Publisher:
|[Atlanta, Ga.] : Emory University | 2005
|Original Material:
1 photograph : b&w
|Rights and Usage:
Researchers should contact the Highlander Research and Education Center for terms governing the use of the collection. Contact: Susan Williams, firstname.lastname@example.com.
|Related Materials:
Forms part of the Highlander Folk School Collection.
|Persistent Link to Item:


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It's nine o'clock on a Friday, Guillaume and I shuffled in…
…to the Starbucks in New York City where we met with Hal Stern, our Princeternship host. (My apologies to Billy Joel.) There, we spent some time introducing ourselves and discussing the technical challenges involved in network operations.
We then walked over to the Juniper Networks offices in NYC to meet with one of Mr. Stern's coworkers. Our discussion at Juniper was less technical, ranging from stock dilution to evaluating the benefits of working for a company that allows you to travel before you are tied down by family obligations. I gained valuable insight into the world of tech startups, and how regularly the process of mergers and acquisitions occurs.
Down in SoHo, we met with another acquaintance of Mr. Stern's, the founder of the "figure out what to do" website, hotlist. He explained, based on his experience, what it takes to found and maintain a successful startup, including how to choose a business partner, the merits of failing, and how to respond to user interests. Overall, I gained valuable insight into the world of technology businesses that I might never have had the chance to encounter otherwise before being plunged directly in during a full-blown internship or full-time position. This gave me the chance to experience it for myself, in order to help me evaluate better where I would like to eventually fit in. My Princeternship was a wonderful experience, and I strongly recommend the experience.


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LGtk/ADT lenses
From HaskellWiki
1 Problem description
Lenses provide uniform and compositional way to view and edit data structures.For example, one can view and edit pairs with
Similarly, there is a complete toolbox of lenses for records, the toolbox contains one lens for each record field.
Now, the problem is, are there a toolbox of lenses for algebraic data types with multiple constructors?
2 Existing solutions
2.1 Partial lenses
The data-lens library provides partial lenses which are isomorphic to
type PartialLens a b = (a -> Maybe b, a -> Maybe (b -> a))
The flollowing partial lenses are defined for lists:
headLens :: PartialLens [a] a headLens = (get, set) where get [] = Nothing get (h:t) = Just h set [] = Nothing set (h:t) = Just (:t)
tailLens :: PartialLens [a] [a] tailLens = (get, set) where get [] = Nothing get (h:t) = Just t set [] = Nothing set (h:t) = Just (h:)
2.2 Other solutions
Please help to extend the list of known solutions.
3 ADT lenses
The proposed solution, summarized:
Use one lens for each ADT type, with reversed direction.
3.1 Example: List lens
The ADT lens for lists:
import Data.Lens.Common
listLens :: Lens (Bool, (a, [a])) [a] listLens = lens get set where get (False, _) = [] get (True, (l, r)) = l: r set [] (_, x) = (False, x) set (l: r) _ = (True, (l, r))
3.2 UsageSuppose that we have a state
type S = (Bool, (Int, [Int]))
We can edit the list with the following lenses:
- With the top level constructor of the list can be viewed and edited:fstLens :: Lens S Boolcorresponds toFalseand[]corresponds toTrue.(:)
- With the first element of the list can be viewed and edited. Note that if the top level constructor of the list isheadLens = fstLens . sndLens :: Lens S Int, the first element can still be edited; the change will only be visible through[]when the constructor is changed back tolistLens. (This may seem to be odd, but for certain applications this is the right behaviour.)(:)
- With the tail of the list can be viewed and edited.tailLens = sndLens . sndLens :: Lens S Int
4 Links and references
I have not seen this technique described before. Please help to extend the list of papers / blog entries, where this or similar technique is used.
[Reddit comments]


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For a school project a while ago (computer security) I had to answer the following question: "How easy is it to crack a protected wireless network?".
Here you can download the resulting paper:
It's in Dutch. (to show we actually did it ) Hopefully it will be useful for others.
It is a rather detailed description (being a newbie to Linux) of how I used backtrack to crack WEP and described which problems we encountered doing that. e.g. wireless card got stuck in monitor mode.
I used a backtrack 2 beta livecd, a laptop with a built-in PrismGT wireless card and the following three guides:
P.S. Because I can't post a new topic in 'Tutorials & Guides', I'm placing it here.


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At a time of historic budget cuts and skyrocketing tuition, critics are taking aim at a recent decision to give a 10 percent raise to the outgoing president of Cal State Dominguez Hills in Carson.
Mildred Garcia is the latest CSU leader whose salary increase has drawn public scrutiny. Garcia, who in June will become president of CSU Fullerton, will earn $324,500, or 10percent above that of her Fullerton predecessor - the maximum allowable pay increase under a CSU policy approved by trustees in January. She currently makes about $295,000.
The CSU Board of Trustees' March 20 decision to grant the maximum raise to both Garcia and Leroy Morishita, the new leader of CSU's East Bay campus, has drawn fire from state legislators, as well as Tom Torlakson, the state superintendent of public instruction and a fellow CSU trustee.
In a statement this week, Torlakson - who as the elected schools chief serves as the head spokesman for California's K-12 schools - urged the board to freeze the pay of new presidents going forward. The top jobs at six campuses remain unfilled; one of them is Dominguez Hills.
"We cannot make these decisions in a vacuum, unaware of the challenges facing our state," he said in the statement, released Monday. "Our K-12 schools have seen cuts of nearly $22 billion over the last four years. Tens of thousands of teachers and school employees have been laid off, and many more are at risk over the next few months."
The controversy erupted in the summer, when the Board of Trustees boosted the annual pay for the top job at San Diego State University by $100,000, to $400,000, when Elliot Hirshman was hired. (The university foundation covered half of the raise.) During the same meeting, the trustees voted to hike tuition by 12 percent.
CSU spokesman Mike Uhlenkamp defended the most recent raises, saying the scope of responsibility has increased considerably for both presidents. Garcia, for instance, is moving to a campus that is more than twice the size of Dominguez Hills.
He added that her pay is still below the $369,000 national average for presidents at comparable universities.
"It's important that we be able to pick from the biggest pool possible," Uhlenkamp said. "To artificially limit the competition even more so than what we've done, we would potentially adversely affect the ability for us to be able to select the best candidate."
In his statement, Torlakson said the CSU system faces the possibility of a 35 percent funding reduction in 18 months, should voters reject Gov. Jerry Brown's November initiative for a tax hike. He noted that the raises come at a time when student tuition fees have risen 300percent in a decade and when the CSU system has frozen spring 2013 enrollment, which could delay plans for as many as 16,000 students.
"The students we serve and the public that supports our system enjoy no immunity from the consequences of the Great Recession, which has left millions without work and millions more working harder for less," he said. "Why should those we select to lead our campuses be any different?"
Uhlenkamp said CSU presidents have not received an across-the-board salary increase since 2007. The pay has gone up only for presidents getting a promotion. Likewise, he added, any member of the staff or faculty who gets a promotion is also entitled to a raise.
Uhlenkamp added, pointedly, that Torlakson was absent from not only the March meeting, when the raises were granted, but also the January meeting, when the 10 percent cap for new campus presidents was put in place.
Torlakson, he said, made no mention of the proposed raises before the meeting, even though trustees receive copies of the proposals beforehand.
"It was kind of after the fact," he told the Daily Breeze.
It's unclear how many perks Garcia will enjoy in addition to her base salary. Some media outlets have reported that she will receive allowances of $60,000 for housing and $12,000 for car travel. But Uhlenkamp said Thursday afternoon that the Fullerton campus might not offer a housing allowance.


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Mississippi is smaller than most of the U.S. states and is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Louisiana and Arkansas. Mississippi is naturally well suited to agriculture; its soil is rich and deep, and its landscape is laced with many rivers. Until the mid-20th century the dominance of a rural, unhurried lifestyle generally worked to the state's advantage. This way of life was manifest in part in a culture of gentility, the legacy of which is still evident in the many historic mansions located in such old towns as Columbus, Biloxi, Natchez, Vicksburg, and Holly Springs.
With increasing urbanization and industrialization, however, the leisurely approach to life in many ways became a hindrance to Mississippi's economic and social development. For decades an unusually large dependent population, a predominantly agricultural economy, and a prevailing resistance to change have kept Mississippi's per capita income low and created an inadequate standard of living for many families. Moreover, the state has been the site of intense interracial conflict, sitting centre stage during the civil rights movement of the mid-20th century. In the early 21st century roughly half of all Mississippians still lived in rural areas—though not necessarily on farms—and the state continued to rank low in many economic indexes. Area 47,692 square miles (123,522 square km). Pop. (2000) 2,844,658; (2007 2009 est.) 2,918951,785996.
Mississippi is a low-lying state, its highest point reaching only about 800 feet (240 metres) above sea level. Except for its hilly northeast corner, Mississippi lies entirely within the eastern gulf segment of the broader Coastal Plain physiographic region. It has generally low topographic elevations and extensive tracts of marshy land. Its major soil areas encompass hills, plains, prairies, river lowlands, and pine woods.
In the northwestern part of the state, the great fertile crescent called the Delta is the old floodplain of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers, comprising some 6,250 square miles (16,200 square km) of black alluvial soil several feet deep. Once subject to disastrous floods, the land is now protected by levee and reservoir systems.
On the eastern rim of the Delta are the loess bluffs, marking the beginning of the highlands. On the Delta's western rim a highly fertile band of lowlands parallels the Mississippi River from Vicksburg, south to the Louisiana border. A brown loam belt of varying width extends from Tennessee to Louisiana. Most of southern Mississippi lies in the gently rolling Piney Woods. The coastal area, sometimes called the Coastal Meadows, or Terrace, borders the Gulf of Mexico. This region's soil is sandy and not well suited to crops.
Along the northern edge of the Piney Woods lies the narrow Central Prairie, separated from the Black Prairie by a section of hills and woods. The two prairies, with fertile black soil that is excellent for many types of agriculture, were once the site of large cotton plantations. East of the Black Prairie, in the extreme northeast, are the Tennessee Hills. Arching between Tennessee and Alabama, these hills form the only area in Mississippi in which the terrain is reminiscent of the mountains of the southeastern United States.
West of the Black Prairie another highland area, the Pontotoc Ridge, extends south from the Tennessee border. This ridge, averaging 400 to 600 feet (120 to 180 metres) above sea level, is one of the state's most distinctive features. Its fertile sandy loam is excellent for orchards. A low-lying narrow region called Flatwoods skirts the western edges of the Pontotoc Ridge and the Black Prairie. Its heavy clay soils drain poorly, and the area has never developed a prosperous economy. The North Central Hills range through northern and central Mississippi and eastward to Alabama. Their red clay soil supports small farms. Before scientific farming methods were widely adopted, erosion depleted vast tracts of land in these hills.
Mississippi has many rivers, creeks, bayous, and other natural drainage networks. The state's principal river systems include the Tombigbee, now joined with the Tennessee to form the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, which links the Tennessee River with the Gulf of Mexico; the Pascagoula in the southeast; the Pearl in the south-central section; and the Mississippi and its tributaries, notably the Yazoo and the Big Black, in the west. These streams all empty into the gulf, either directly or through the Mississippi and other rivers.
Mississippi's location endows it with a favourable climate for agriculture. The growing season is long (virtually year-round on the coast), precipitation is abundant, and extreme temperatures are unusual. Summers are warm, with daily temperatures typically rising from the upper 60s F (about 20 °C) into the low 90s F (about 33 °C) in July and August. Autumn's bright, crisp days have the least precipitation and are considered by many to be the most agreeable of the year. Daily temperatures in January generally range from the low 30s F (about 0 °C) to the mid-50s F (about 12 °C). Snowfall is rare but does occur. The state's annual precipitation averages more than 50 inches (1,270 mm), varying by region. The coastal area is subject to tropical cyclones (hurricanes) from June to October; in 2005 the cities of Gulfport and Biloxi were heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina, one of the strongest Atlantic storms on record.
The mild climate, long growing season, and plentiful rainfall provide Mississippi with a remarkable variety of plant and animal life. Live oaks and several varieties of pines are characteristic of the southern counties, while fruit trees and hardwoods, such as oak and hickory, thrive in the north. Magnolia and pecan trees are favourites throughout the state. Pine forests, often intermixed with oaks, are found extensively on the state's sandier soils. More than half the land area is forested, and the state is studded throughout with many naturally occurring and cultivated flowers.
Opening land to farming and hunting reduced the once abundant wildlife drastically. Some animals, such as wolves and pumas (cougars), are extinct in the state; bobcats are rare and bears even rarer. Deer, however, are once again thriving, and the population of wild turkeys has increased significantly. The state has a variety of resident and migratory birds, including, among others, bald and golden eagles, many types of waterfowl and wading birds, and an array of warblers, woodpeckers, and hummingbirds. Some game fish can be caught throughout the year, with catfish, bream, bass, and perch the leading freshwater species. The gulf is rich in shrimp, oysters, and fish, together forming the mainstay of an extensive commercial fishery.
People of white European ancestry—primarily British, Irish, or northern European—account for about three-fifths of Mississippi's residents, while African Americans make up nearly all of the remainder. Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans each constitute just a tiny fraction of the population, with Hispanics being the largest of the three groups. The vast majority of Mississippians were born in-state, although in the late 20th century there was a wave of immigrants, mainly from Vietnam and India.
Until about 1940, people of African descent constituted the majority of Mississippi's population. By the late 20th century, however, they had become a minority (albeit a large one), owing primarily to a very high rate of out-migration. Nevertheless, in the early 21st century Mississippi had a greater percentage of African American residents than did any other state. The small Chinese population, concentrated mostly in the Delta, is descended from farm labourers brought there from California in the 1870s. The Chinese did not adjust well to the Mississippi plantation system, however, and most of them became small merchants. Many of the Southeast Asian immigrants of the late 20th century were attracted by the state's coastal fishing industry. Much of the Native American population lives in the central section of the state. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, the state's only federally recognized Native American group, has reservation lands in the vicinity of Jackson.
Various Protestant denominations dominate Mississippi's religious life, most notably Baptists and United Methodists. The Roman Catholic population is concentrated in the urban centres and the southernmost areas, especially the coastal counties. The small Jewish community is almost entirely urban. Mississippi's Buddhist and Muslim populations are tiny.
The landscape of Mississippi—one of forests, fields, towns, and growing cities—comprises a number of locally recognized cultural regions that generally correspond to the state's geographic regions but follow a somewhat different terminology. Almost every Mississippian speaks colloquially of the Delta and the adjacent North Central Hills (or simply, the Hills), a highland region to the east; the Prairie (comprising the Central and Black prairies), or the Black Belt; North Mississippi and the Northeast; the Piney Woods, or South Mississippi; and the Coast, to refer to the entire coastal area. The state's largest metropolitan areas are Jackson, Biloxi, Gulfport, and Pascagoula.
Geographers may speak of the Yazoo basin in the northwestern part of the state, but to the people of Mississippi it is the Delta, historically characterized by aristocratic plantation traditions and now a region of highly mechanized farming. Many Delta families originally came from the Hills to the east, which also is an agricultural zone. Adjacent to the Hills, but with more-productive lands, the Prairie region reflects some of the ways and style of both the Hills and the Delta. Northeast Mississippi developed as an area of small family farms and few plantations.
What historians call the Piney Woods, covering most of the state south of Jackson, the people call South Mississippi. Though settled early, this region did not prosper until the great virgin pine forests were exploited—and heavily reduced—in the early 20th century. The area has continued to flourish, with most residents engaged in diverse agricultural activities, including forestry, cattle raising, and specialty farming, or in the rapidly expanding industrial and commercial sector.
The Coast is atypical of the state as a whole. It is more Roman Catholic than upstate, and its blend of various European, Hispanic, and, more recently, Asian heritages makes it the most heterogeneous of Mississippi's regions. Many residents of the Coast were attracted not only by the area's location and pleasant climate but also by its employment opportunities in various industries, gambling casinos, and resort hotels.
Frequent movement by sharecroppers and tenant farmers from one farmstead to another was commonplace until the early 20th century. Around the 1920s the economic focus began to shift to the cities and towns, and, as it shifted, patterns of migration—and emigration—also changed; many Mississippians moved to less-rural regions in other states, and for a time emigration outweighed natural population growth. About three-fourths of the white emigrants moved to other Southern states, whereas the same proportion of African American emigrants left the South entirely. By the mid-20th century, however, the surge of emigration had subsided, and the population again had begun to increase. Growth continued throughout the subsequent decades; it was accompanied by a slow but steady loss of farm population, a decline of smaller towns, and a significant expansion of cities (settlements of more than 10,000 inhabitants). Despite this rural-to-urban flow, there remained in the early 21st century no great extremes of population density within Mississippi.
Although there has been significant improvement in employment and compensation in Mississippi since the mid-20th century, growth at the regional and national levels has been proportionately greater; consequently, in the early 21st century the state remained disadvantaged economically, with a per capita gross product that was among the lowest in the country. Manufacturing and services—primarily government (federal, state, and local), retail and wholesale trade, real estate, and health and social services—are the largest sectors of the state's economy. The services sector has expanded particularly rapidly since the late 20th century.
Mississippi's economy became less dependent on agriculture in the second half of the 20th century, and the number of farms and farm acreages declined significantly. By the early 21st century the sector represented only a tiny share of the state's gross product and employed an even smaller segment of the population. Cotton, once king of Mississippi's agricultural sector, now shares its reign with livestock, catfish from aquaculture, poultry, and various crops such as soybeans and sweet potatoes. The great majority of the state's farms focus on livestock and dairy products, and Mississippi has become a leading producer of broiler chickens.
Lands in Mississippi that are unsuited to the cultivation of row crops are largely used for tree farms, orchards, or pastures. The state maintains an intensive reforestation program to replace the trees that are harvested each year as part of its forestry industry. Mississippi is one of the country's top producers of lumber and wood-related products.
Petroleum and natural gas account for the great bulk (in volume and in value) of all minerals produced in Mississippi. Important nonmetallic minerals include sand and gravel, fuller's earth, and other clays. Iron has been mined intermittently since the late 19th century. Aluminum ores are low in quality, and they have been little exploited.
Most of Mississippi's electrical power comes from plants fired by coal and natural gas and to a somewhat lesser extent from a nuclear power station near Port Gibson. Hydroelectric power in smaller amounts is brought into Mississippi from Tennessee Valley Authority dams and through interconnections with power companies in other states. A few private companies, numerous rural cooperatives, and several municipal generating systems are in operation.
In 1936 Mississippi adopted an industrial development program to "balance agriculture with industry," and in 1965 the state's industrial employment exceeded the number of agricultural workers for the first time. Manufacturing continued to expand until the end of the 20th century, when, following national trends, it began to decline. In the early 21st century, however, the sector remained an important contributor to the state's gross product and a major source of employment. Mississippi's principal manufactures include upholstered furniture, automotive parts, lumber and wood-related products (such as pulp and naval stores), and processed foods (especially seafood from the coastal waters). Pascagoula is the site of a major shipbuilding company.
Mirroring the trend in many other states, the service sector in Mississippi has been on an upward swing since the late 20th century. A particularly notable development in the sector has been the expansion of casinos. In 1990 the Mississippi legislature legalized dockside casino gambling along the Gulf Coast and the Mississippi River. Casinos have since opened at various locations along the coast and in Natchez, Vicksburg, and Tunica county, which is one of the largest gaming markets in the United States. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians also operates a casino on tribal lands near the town of Philadelphia.
The government is a major employer in Mississippi. Among the most prominent of the federal institutions is the John C. Stennis Space Center, located on the southern coast between Gulfport and New Orleans. It is one of NASA's primary testing facilities for rockets—including the U.S. space shuttles.
Labour union membership in Mississippi is relatively small, although widely dispersed. Most large employers have a union membership. The state has a right-to-work law that prohibits compulsory union membership, however.
Mississippi's major sources of revenue are sales taxes, followed by personal and corporate income taxes, gasoline taxes, and gaming income. Local governments derive their greatest income from property taxes. Considerable amounts of federal monies are provided through numerous federal and state agencies.
Rail transportation, a large segment of which is entirely intrastate, has generally declined since the late 20th century. However, the state's secondary highway system has improved significantly. The heaviest volume of traffic is along the Gulf Coast, where numerous north–south and east–west routes converge.
Gulfport and Pascagoula can accommodate oceangoing ships, and low-draft oceangoing vessels can travel up the Mississippi River to Natchez, Vicksburg, and Greenville. Barge traffic moves on the Mississippi, Pearl, and Yazoo rivers. The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway passes through the Mississippi Sound along the Gulf Coast.
Mississippi has scores of public and private airports. Most large cities offer commercial service. There are international airports in the Jackson and Gulfport-Biloxi areas.
As delineated in the constitution of 1890, Mississippi's government has executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Most heads of executive departments are elected rather than appointed, and the executive branch includes the governor, the lieutenant governor, and several other officials, all of whom are elected to four-year terms. Executive officials may be reelected or reappointed to office.
Mississippi has a bicameral legislature, consisting of a 122-member House of Representatives and a 52-member Senate. The legislature meets in annual sessions. Representatives and senators are both elected to four-year terms.
The municipal and justice courts are the lowest courts in the state's judicial system. The municipal courts handle cases involving misdemeanour crimes, traffic tickets, and violations of city ordinances. Justice courts have original jurisdiction in certain cases where fines, sentences, and judgments do not exceed prescribed limits; they also deal with traffic violations that occur outside the municipalities. Some large counties maintain a county court. There are special courts to handle youth offenses and drug crimes. Chancery courts have jurisdiction over matters of equity, probate, juvenile delinquency (where county courts do not exist), divorce, and mental competence. Circuit courts are the main trial courts for major suits, criminal cases, and appeals from justice and county courts.
An intermediate court of appeals, which consists of 10 judges (two from each of the state's five congressional districts) who are elected to eight-year terms, hears cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals; its nine justices are elected, from three judicial districts, for staggered terms of eight years. All lower court judges are elected to four-year terms.
Each of Mississippi's counties is governed by a five-member board of supervisors elected to a four-year term. Municipalities may be incorporated as villages, towns, or cities. Governments of these units are of the mayor-council type with aldermen, the commission type with several commissioners (including the mayor), or the city-manager type, in which the manager is appointed by the council. State and county officials are elected in a November general election. Party primaries are held in August.
From the end of Reconstruction (1865–77) until the late 1940s, the Democratic Party was essentially the only party in Mississippi. As in many states of the South, literacy tests, poll taxes, and other restrictive measures kept most black citizens from being able to participate in the electoral process. Disaffection among Mississippi's white voters with the national Democratic Party over civil rights broke its domination in 1948, and thereafter, with few exceptions, advocates of states' rights (the use of state power to oppose national legislation) or otherwise conservative Republican presidential candidates received the state's electoral college votes. Increasing participation by black voters, made possible by the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act a year later, prompted a realignment of party politics in Mississippi. For a time, two Democratic parties existed—a predominantly black loyalist faction allied with the more liberal national party, and a conservative wing identified with the traditional white power structure. The two wings of the Democratic Party were unified in 1972, but most of the white conservative Democrats eventually switched to the Republican Party. In the 1980s a viable two-party system emerged in Mississippi, and in 1991 a Republican governor was elected in Mississippi for the first time since Reconstruction. Since the late 20th century, African Americans have won election to an increasing number of local and state offices throughout the state. In national politics, Republicans have come to dominate elections, having won the state in all but one presidential election since 1972.
Health, welfare, and other measurements of the quality of life in Mississippi necessarily must be considered in the perspective of the state's long history of segregation and racial discrimination. The high infant mortality rate and welfare dependency are linked to a century of poverty, injustice, discrimination, and resistance to change that have impeded the development of the state's natural and human resources. Almost all counties have some form of relief or welfare programs that involve federal funds. Welfare services include aid to the blind and disabled, the elderly, and dependent children. Health programs are administered by several state agencies, including the Board of Health, which dates from 1877.
Historically, the state has been in the vanguard of public health services. The causes of pellagra (a nutritional disorder) were discovered in Mississippi in 1915. A model mosquito-control program eradicated yellow fever, and the state tuberculosis sanitarium became recognized nationally.
Mississippi's primary and secondary public school system has typically ranked low by almost all measurable standards. Following years of turmoil brought on by the Supreme Court's 1954 ruling (Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka) against racial segregation in public schools, the state committed itself to a dramatic improvement of its schools. The Education Reform Act of 1982, the reinstatement of compulsory attendance for children between ages 6 and 14, competency testing of high school students, the creation of an appointed state school board, and the establishment of an early childhood education program are measures that the state has taken to enhance the quality of education. The success of these measures since the late 20th century has been evident in the diminishing school dropout rate and the steady improvement in educational test scores. Mississippi also has a long history of pioneering work in the education of blind and deaf children; the Mississippi School for the Deaf, established by an act of legislature in 1854, continues to operate in Jackson.
In contrast to its primary- and secondary-school record, Mississippi has a distinguished history of higher education. Although it did not survive the American Civil War, Jefferson College (founded in 1802) was among the earliest public postsecondary institutions in the country. Elizabeth Female Academy (founded in 1818) is considered by some historians to be the first women's college. In the late 19th century the Mississippi legislature allocated a portion of the state's land-grant funds to Alcorn University, which had been established at Lorman in 1871, and renamed the institution Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College. Alcorn A&M, which is now Alcorn State University, was the first land-grant college in the United States for African American students, and it continues to be prominent among the country's historically black universities (HBUs). Jackson State University (opened 1877) also is a long-standing, nationally recognized HBU and Mississippi's premier urban institution. In 1884 Mississippi established the Industrial Institute and College at Columbus (now the Mississippi University for Women), the country's first state-supported institution granting diplomas to women. Other important universities include the University of Mississippi (founded in 1844; commonly called Ole Miss), located at Oxford; Mississippi State University (opened in 1878), in Starkville; and Mississippi Valley State University (opened in 1950), the state's third HBU, in Itta Bena.
Among the state's major research institutions are the University of Southern Mississippi (founded in 1910), with its Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (founded in 1947), and the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium (founded in 1972). The world's first human heart and lung transplants were performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, a facility that is renowned for its innovative work in organ transplantation and hypertension research. In addition to major universities and research centres, Mississippi has dozens of community colleges, colleges for senior citizens, and smaller universities.
In an era in which technology, mobility, and mass communication have tended to create a composite national culture, Mississippi's enduring sense of place and history has been manifest in its commitment to the preservation of its historic landmarks, artifacts, and furnishings of the past. Before the American Civil War the "planter society" and those who identified with it had a highly developed sense of gentility. The lifestyle to which these Mississippians aspired made patronage of the arts obligatory. They built Greek Revival mansions and furnished them with art objects, great books, and fine furniture, while their children were tutored in the social graces and the arts, and hospitality became an art in itself. The rural gentry, however, was only a very small part of the total society. Ordinary people—from small landowners to slaves—all built their own homes, fashioned simple, sturdy furniture, made their own oxbows and spinning wheels, and crafted their own musical instruments. Much of their vocal music consisted of hymns, ballads, and lullabies. Their literature was largely myth, legend, and tall tale. All these customs and traditions have contributed to the cultural heritage of Mississippians of the 21st century.
Mississippi has played a vital role in the flowering of Southern literature since the early 20th century. The mythical county of Yoknapatawpha and the generations of its people were created by William Faulkner in a celebrated series of novels. Ranked among the highest attainments in both American and world literature, Faulkner's writing earned him the Nobel Prize in 1949. Other Mississippians of international literary renown in the mid-20th century include novelists Eudora Welty and Richard Wright; novelist-critic Stark Young; playwright Tennessee Williams; and historians Shelby Foote, author of the three-volume The Civil War, A Narrative, and David Donald, also widely acclaimed for his works on the Civil War era.
Among Mississippi's "second generation" of writers are Elizabeth Spencer, Walker Percy, Willie Morris, Margaret Walker (Alexander), and Ellen Douglas. Literary luminaries of the later 20th and early 21st centuries include novelists Barry Hannah, Larry Brown, John Grisham, and Richard Ford. Clifton Taulbert is known for his poignant memoirs of life in the racially charged atmosphere of mid-20th century Mississippi, and playwright Beth Henley has won acclaim for her works set in towns of the South.
Mississippi's local musics are rooted in both European and African American traditions. They include, for example, English and Scottish ballads; sacred harp singing (based on the Sacred Harp, the most popular of several shape-note hymnals), which is a rural white American adaptation of an earlier English tradition; spirituals, which are common to both black and white vocal-music repertoires; and the so-called Mississippi Delta blues, a style that continues to be associated with the state's African American population. This rich heritage has given rise to such acclaimed performers as Jimmie Rodgers, one of the pioneers of country music; Elvis Presley, widely viewed as the founder of rock music; blues artist B.B. King; and lyric soprano Leontyne Price, the first African American to receive international acclaim in the world of opera. The state has an opera guild in Jackson, a number of symphony orchestras, and extensive musical activities at several colleges.
The theatrical tradition in Mississippi dates from 1800, when a Natchez audience saw the first dramatic production to be presented west of the Allegheny Mountains. Today dozens of community theatres, colleges, and universities offer dramatic fare. There is a professional company in Jackson.
Although college basketball and baseball have strong traditions at Mississippi schools (reaching back to Baseball Hall of Famer Casey Stengel's stint as the coach at the University of Mississippi), collegiate gridiron football has pride of place in spectator sports in Mississippi. A clutch of universities are steeped in rich histories and traditions that are reflected in a short list of the state's greatest players. Both Archie Manning and son Eli (another son, Peyton, left the state to flourish at the University of Tennessee) starred as quarterback at the University of Mississippi, which competes in the Southeastern Conference, as does archrival Mississippi State University. Another of the game's most accomplished quarterbacks, Brett Favre, played at the University of Southern Mississippi, a member of Conference USA.
Three historically black universities in Mississippi, members of the Southwestern Athletic conference, also have made their mark on college football (not least with their outstanding marching bands). Running back Walter Payton is the most famous of Jackson State's illustrious football alumni. Jerry Rice, considered by many to be the greatest wide receiver in professional football, starred for Mississippi Valley State University, while quarterback Steve McNair set records at Alcorn State University.
Mississippi's rural heritage continues to be a strong influence on the lifestyles and recreational habits of its residents. Hunting, fishing (both in lakes and rivers and in the Gulf of Mexico), boating, camping, and other outdoor activities are among the most popular forms of leisure in the state. Mississippi maintains a system of state parks, and the U.S. Department of the Interior maintains the Natchez National Historical Park, the Vicksburg National Military Park, and the picturesque Natchez Trace Parkway, which extends from Natchez to Nashville, Tenn., generally following a 19th-century trail used by the Choctaw, Natchez, and Chickasaw peoples. The Natchez Pilgrimage is the best known of several festivals featuring antebellum homes and gardens.
All the state's large towns are served by local dailies, and the smaller towns and communities are served by one of the strongest systems of weeklies in the United States. Dailies with the widest circulation include The Clarion Ledger, the Sun Herald, and the Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal. In addition to publishing numerous newspapers, Mississippi has produced famous editors. Hodding Carter II of the Greenville Delta Democrat Times, Hazel Brannon Smith of the Lexington Advertiser (discontinued), and Ira Harkey of the Pascagoula Chronicle (discontinued) are remembered especially for their editorial roles in covering the civil rights movement of the mid-20th century.


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International Gem and Jewelry Show - Westchester County Center
Hours: 11am-5pm
Ages: YE,TW,TE,AD
Price: $8
198 Central Ave. - 914-995-4050
White Plains, NY 10606
Description: Exhibitors from around the World offer a huge selection of quality jewelry of all kinds including loose colored gemstones, fine finished jewelry, fashion jewelry, beads, and more. Enjoy discounts of 20-40% off regular retail price. Children under age 8 not admitted.


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Truesilk is made with 100% mulberry silk making it light with a natural sheen that is found in silk. The yarn is a chainette type construction which means knitted garments hold their shape and drape gracefully.
A super soft, brushed effect blend of 32% nylon, 27% wool, 25% alpaca and 16% yak, which is created using the patented soffili production method. This results in a stunning, voluminous, light and airy yarn.