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This guide will assist the staffing industry in determining how to report their gross income and when to collect state and local retail sales tax. For additional information or answers to questions about Washington excise taxes, please contact us.
The Audit Process
Major Taxes in Washington
Decision Trees:
Laws, Rules and Other Guidance for the Staffing Industry (pdf)
Tax Reporting Requirements for the Staffing Industry (pdf) (Issued June 21, 2005)
Tax Reporting Requirements for the Staffing Industry (pdf) (Issued January 21, 2005)
Special Notice – Temporary Staffing Businesses Must Collect Retail Sales Tax (pdf)
Special Notice – Professional Employer Organizations - Deduction
The staffing industry provides workers who perform a variety of business activities, including services such as construction, customer software design and implementation, manufacturing and light industrial activities, other skilled and unskilled labor, clerical, and other professional services.
The gross income received by a staffing business for each of these activities is subject to the business and occupation (B&O) tax. The nature of the activity determines the appropriate classification and tax rate. In addition, staffing businesses must collect retail sales tax and remit the collected tax to the state on all income subject to the retailing classification of the B&O tax unless a specific statutory exemption applies.
The tax owed by a staffing business is based on the gross income received for the work performed and the services provided. Generally, no deduction is allowed from gross income for payroll or any other expenses incurred by the business.
A staffing business is subject to tax based on the services provided to customers through their workers. This means the gross income received by the staffing business is subject to the classification of the business and occupation tax that applies to that activity.
When a worker performs an activity defined as a retail sale, the staffing business must collect sales tax from its customer. If a retail-type service is performed for a person that resells that service, such as construction work performed for a general contractor, sales tax is not collected. Instead, the staffing business is required to obtain a reseller permit from the contractor and report such charges for the worker under the Wholesaling B&O tax classification (RCW 82.04.050).
A staffing business is responsible for determining the applicable B&O tax classification for the activity to be performed by the worker. This determination should be made prior to dispatching the worker to the customer. It is important for the staffing business to know whether retail sales tax should be collected from the customer, or if an exemption certificate or other documentation should be obtained from the customer as evidence of a sales tax exemption.
The staffing business should not assume that the income it receives through the activities of its workers is subject to tax under the same classification that the customer reports under.
The activity or service performed by the worker may be classified differently for tax purposes from the classification reported by the customer. For example, a person operating an insurance agency is taxable under the Insurance Agents B&O tax classification. If a temporary staffing business provides a receptionist for the insurance agency, the gross income received for the worker's services is subject to B&O tax under the Service and Other Activities classification. This is because the receptionist is not providing services under the authority of an insurance agent's license.
If the staffing business provides a worker who is licensed as an insurance agent to an insurance agency, and the worker performs services under the authority of that license, the related income is taxable under Insurance Agents B&O tax classification. In all cases, the staffing business must look to the activity engaged in by the worker, regardless of the nature of the customer's business.
Below are descriptions of the major B&O tax classifications and examples of the activities that fall within those classifications.
Retailing B&O tax applies to gross income received for repairing, altering, or improving real or personal property for the property owner, even in those cases where only labor is provided. In addition, retail sales tax must be collected from the customer. Examples of retail services include:
All retail sales are subject to sales tax unless the customer provides documentation to establish its exemption from the retail sales tax. With documentation, certain retail sales and services are exempt from the retail sales tax. Examples include repair and/or maintenance of certain manufacturing machinery and equipment, and repair and/or maintenance of carrier property used substantially in interstate commerce.
In all cases where the customer claims exemption from retail sales tax, the client must provide the staffing business with a properly completed exemption certificate. The Buyers' Retail Sales Tax Exemption Certificate (pdf) is used to document retail sales tax exemptions.
Wholesaling B&O tax applies to income received for repairing, altering, or improving real or personal property for someone other than the property owner, even in those cases where only labor is provided. The gross income billed to the customer for wholesaling activities must be reported under the Wholesaling classification of the B&O tax. Retail sales tax is not collected. Examples include construction services performed for a prime contractor or subcontractor and repair work performed for a repair shop. In both of these examples, the labor is used by the customer to produce something for resale.
Specific Documentation Required: The customer must provide the staffing business with a reseller permit.
A manufacturing activity is any activity of a commercial or industrial nature where labor or skill is applied, by hand or machinery, to materials so that as a result a new, different or useful substance or article of tangible personal property is produced for sale or for commercial or industrial use. A person who engages in a manufacturing activity is generally subject to either the manufacturing B&O tax or processing for hire B&O tax, depending on whether or not the materials upon which the activity is performed belongs to that person.
Persons report under the manufacturing classification when they perform manufacturing activities on materials that belong to them. The manufacturing B&O tax applies against the value of articles or substances manufactured in Washington. The B&O tax under this classification applies whether the resulting product is used by the manufacturer or is delivered to the customer within or outside this state.
Specific Documentation Required: The person taxable under the manufacturing classification must either obtain a reseller permit from their customer or collect retail sale tax on their sales of the manufactured items.
Persons report under the processing for hire classification when they perform manufacturing activities on materials that belong to someone else. Thus, a processor for hire is any person who would be a manufacturer if that person were performing the labor and mechanical services upon his or her own materials. Examples include producing a fully or partially completed item from raw materials provided by the customer; assembling parts provided by the customer to produce a fully or partially completed item; performing a function on an assembly line that alters tangible personal property; and operating machinery on an assembly line that alters tangible personal property. The processing for hire B&O tax applies against the total charge for the processing services, including any charge for materials furnished by the processor.
Specific Documentation Required: The person taxable under the processing for hire classification must either obtain a reseller permit from their customer or collect retail sale tax on their charges for the processing services, including any charge for the materials they furnish.
The Service and Other Activities classification may be considered a "catch-all" classification of the B&O tax. It applies to any business activity for which a specific rate is not provided under the law, or which is not specifically exempt from excise taxes by statute. In general, it includes personal and professional services. Examples include:
The Service and Other Activities classification includes merely inspecting, sorting, counting, moving, packing, loading, or unloading or operating machinery that performs these tasks even when they are performed at a manufacturing facility.
Some activities may require the worker to have a special license or certification through the Department of Licensing. Generally, whether the worker has a license does not affect the application of tax. For example, income received from the activities of a health care worker is subject to the Service and Other Activities classification whether the activity requires a licensed physician or requires no license at all.
However, certain licensed professions have a special classification of the B&O tax classification that is lower than the Service and Other Activities classification. In order to take advantage of the lower B&O tax classification, the worker provided by the staffing business must hold the appropriate valid license and perform services under authority of the license. An example of this is seen in the Insurance Agents classification.
The public utility tax is a tax on gross receipts, similar to the B&O tax. It applies to most utility services, such as water, power, and gas distribution, and sewerage collection. It also applies to providing transportation of persons or property for hire within five miles of the city limits (Urban Transportation classification) and beyond (Motor Transportation classification). These classifications apply whether or not the person performing the work owns the vehicle with which the activity is being performed.
Examples include:
See WAC 458-20-180
A worker provided by a staffing business may be required to engage in several different activities while on the same job that by themselves are subject to tax under different B&O tax classifications. Generally, the Department of Revenue will allow the income to be reported based on the predominant activity. "Predominant activity" will be considered to apply where for any given charge, more than 50 percent of the time is spent working in one tax classified activity, and the billing is not segregated with respect to the minor activity.
In the absence of segregated charges for each activity, where there are more than two different B&O tax classifications that may apply to the activities performed, the classification that will apply for reporting purposes will be the one applicable to the activity the worker spends the greatest amount of time doing.
Please note that when two or more workers, engaged in different activities, are provided to one customer, the income from each worker is reported based on their predominant activity.
A staffing business provides a housekeeper whose primary job is to clean an apartment (subject to the Service and Other Activities classification). The job also calls for the housekeeper to prepare one meal per day (subject to Retailing B&O tax and retail sales tax). The majority (over half) of the charge is associated with the housekeeping service (apartment cleaning). No segregated charge is made for the preparation of the meal. In this case, the predominant activity is cleaning the apartment. Therefore, the gross income received by the staffing business is reportable under the Service and Other Activities classification. Retail sales tax will not apply.
A staffing business provides a construction worker to a developer/property owner to perform construction-related services (subject to the Retailing B&O tax and retail sales tax). The worker has a commercial driver's license and is only occasionally required to drive the developer's truck within the city to pick up a load of gravel (an activity subject to the Urban Transportation public utility tax). The worker also spends about one hour per day helping in the office. The predominant activity is performing construction work for a property owner since the greatest amount of time is spent performing retailing activities, and there is no segregated charge for the other lesser activities. In this case, the staffing business is subject to the Retailing B&O tax on the gross amount charged to the developer. Retail sales tax also must be collected by the staffing business on the gross charge to the customer.
Same facts as Example 2, except that the staffing business also provides a receptionist to the developer/property owner. In this case, the staffing business is subject to the Retailing B&O tax on the gross amount charged to the developer for work done by the construction worker. Retail sales tax must also be collected on this charge. The staffing business is subject to Service and Other Activities B&O tax on the gross amount charged to the developer for work done by the receptionist.
There are limited deductions from the B&O tax and public utility tax. There are no deductions for amounts paid to the worker, amounts deducted for payroll taxes, or any other expenses paid or accrued. (For a full listing of exemptions and deductions, click here.)
Income received for work performed outside the state may be deducted from gross income. Similarly, an interstate haul is exempt from the public utility tax. Bad debts on which tax has been paid and which may be written off for federal tax purposes may be deducted.
Exemptions and deductions that may apply to the customer do not automatically also apply to the staffing business. For example, certain nonprofit hospitals may qualify for a deduction for income received through Medicare. Non-profit and public hospitals are taxable on gross income at a special rate. However, the income received by a staffing business for providing physicians, nurses, or other healthcare workers to the hospital is fully taxable under the Service and Other Activities classification because the staffing business does not meet the criteria for the special nonprofit hospital classification, or for the deduction.
Similarly, income received by licensed Adult Family Homes is exempt from tax. However, the gross income received by a staffing business for providing a health care worker or other worker to the Adult Family Home is fully taxable under the Service and Other Activities classification
The burden to establish the proper B&O tax classification rests with the staffing business. Because the classification depends upon the services provided by the worker, the staffing company must obtain sufficient information from the customer to classify the income correctly.
The staffing business must keep documentation to show what services their workers perform. All available information should be recorded concurrently with the assignment of the worker and the charge for the service. It is important that the customer's labor and skill requirements are detailed upfront as much as possible prior to dispatch. This is particularly important for purposes of billing retail sales tax.
Documentation may be in the form of a copy of a customer order or other documented request by a customer for a worker. The documentation must state the specific work to be performed, and/or the worker skills requested by the customer. If the customer's request comes in by telephone, the staffing business should ask exactly what type of services are required and write them down on an order form, or as a memo to the customer file. Also, the worker can provide a written explanation of the services actually performed.
Detailed description: Documentation to support the B&O tax classification must be sufficiently detailed to support the classification reported.
The classification of primary interest to the customer is Retailing. Only under Retailing is the seller of the service required to collect retail sales tax from the end user. Any other classification which does not directly impact the customer may be of less interest to the customer. Nevertheless, because the rates usually vary between classifications, it is in the staffing business' best interest to gather enough information to classify all services correctly.
Default to higher rate: When the nature of the activity performed by the worker is not documented in such a way to clearly establish the proper classification, upon audit examination the Department may find it necessary to default to the highest classification rate. This classification may be either the Retailing classification (retail sales tax also applies in this case), or the Service and Other Activities classification.
For example, if it is clear that work is performed for a customer in the construction industry, but it is not clear from the sales documentation that the customer is making a purchase of staffing services for resale, the Department will consider the sale to be retail in nature. Retail sales tax must be collected from the customer. In this case, it must be demonstrated that the customer is not a speculative builder (that is, not the consumer of the services provided). A sale to a speculative builder is a retail sale, subject to the Retailing B&O tax, and retail sales tax is to be collected from the customer.
If, subsequent to filing a return, it is later determined by the staffing business that income has been incorrectly classified, amended returns should be submitted to the Department to make the appropriate adjustment.
Information leading to a change in classification may occur when visiting or inspecting a new customer's operation. It may be determined by the staffing business that another B&O tax classification applies during a subsequent request for labor, at which time more details of the work assignment are revealed. At such time as it is clear that a different B&O tax classification should apply from the classification reported, a correction should be made on amended returns.
The requirement for filing amended returns is limited to the past four calendar years, plus all returns filed during the current year.
Staffing businesses are expected to use all information reasonably available for purposes of reporting under the proper tax classification. In all cases, upon review or examination by the Department, all facts and information will be used to verify the classification(s) reported. Click here to find information about our Audit Process.
The customer has a responsibility to keep sufficient records to document the nature of the goods or services purchased by them. The Department requires the buyer of services to keep sufficient records in order to determine their true tax liability. This includes any liability for retail sales tax, or use tax, due on purchases of goods or retail services. Failure of the customer to retain such records may cause the retail sales tax to be imposed directly on them.
The customer is obligated to cooperate with the staffing business when documenting any claimed exemption from retail sales tax. Lacking evidence to establish an exemption, the staffing business may re-bill the customer for previously uncollected sales tax.
Re-billing may occur in those cases where additional information is obtained by the staffing business that indicates retail sales tax should have applied to the original billing. It may occur because the work performed by the worker is not as described, or understood, when the worker is dispatched. Until paid either to the Department or to the staffing business, the customer remains legally obligated to pay the sales tax.
Following is a discussion of specific applications of the B&O tax for a variety of industries. Please also refer to the web site information contained in these discussions. In addition, you may refer to the "decision trees" that may be helpful in identifying the correct reporting classification for various industries.
Construction laborers will be presumed to be engaged in retail activities unless otherwise documented. Construction laborers typically perform cleanup, manual hauling of materials at construction sites and perform other skilled and/or unskilled labor. If the construction laborers are engaged by a custom contractor, a reseller permit may be accepted by the staffing business. In this instance, sales tax would not be collected on the income. Instead, the charges would be subject to the Wholesaling B&O tax. For a detailed discussion of the taxability of construction services, please refer to the Construction Tax Guide.
Workers dispatched to a manufacturer at a manufacturing site, who engage in impressing logos/labels/stickers onto packing or products or otherwise engaged in altering or improving the manufactured product are performing a manufacturing activity.The income received by the staffing business is reportable under the Processing for Hire B&O tax classification. In this case, the staffing business should document the nature of these activities and report the income from these workers under the Processing for Hire classification of the B&O tax.
Processing for hire does not include merely inspecting, sorting, counting, moving, packing, loading, or unloading or operating machinery that performs these tasks even when they are performed at a manufacturing facility.
Processing for hire applies only when producing tangible personal property. It does not apply to construction services.
Processing For Hire - Special Application For Staffing Businesses: Due to the difficulties in determining the extent to which workers are merely altering tangible personal property rather than creating something new, different, or useful, staffing businesses may elect to report under Wholesaling all income derived from providing temporary workers to manufacturing customers whose labor directly alters such property. This is in lieu of reporting some income under Wholesaling and some income under Processing for Hire. If the staffing business chooses to make inquiry with its client to determine the worker's labor rises to the level of processing for hire, it may separately account for the processing for hire income and report accordingly.
RCW 82.04.280(4) provides a tax rate of .00484 for businesses engaged in operating a cold storage warehouse or storage warehouse. A "storage warehouse" means a building or structure, or any part thereof, in which goods, wares, or merchandise are received for storage for compensation.
The gross income received by a staffing business for workers dispatched to a warehousing business are not classified under the Warehousing B&O tax classification because the staffing business does not operate the warehouse. The Warehousing classification applies only to persons operating a cold storage warehouse or storage warehouse. Instead, the Service and Other Activities classification applies to income derived by providing workers to a warehousing operation. This is true even though the workers may operate forklifts or otherwise move merchandise at a storage facility.
If a staffing business provides a licensed insurance agent to an insurance broker to perform services under the authority of the insurance agent's license, the income received by the staffing business is subject to the Insurance Agents and Brokers B&O tax.
If a staffing business provides a receptionist, or other unlicensed worker to perform office services within an insurance broker's office, the associated charges are subject to the Service and Other Activities B&O tax classification.
If a staffing business provides a person who arranges travel, the income received for these services is subject to B&O tax under the Travel Agents Tour Operators B&O tax classification.
If a staffing business provides a receptionist or other worker to perform office services for a travel agency, the income received for this service is subject to the Service and Other Activities B&O tax.
If a staffing business provides a worker to a landscape maintenance business, the income received for such staffing would be subject to Wholesaling B&O tax provided the customer presents the staffing company with a valid reseller permit. The Retailing B&O tax and retail sales tax apply to such charges if the customer does not provide a reseller permit or other evidence that the worker's services are being resold by the customer (see Wholesaling).
If a staffing business provides a worker to perform routine janitorial services to a janitorial business, or any other person, such charges are subject to the Service and Other Activities B&O tax. Routine janitorial services include washing interior and exterior window surfaces; cleaning and waxing floors; cleaning interior walls and woodwork; cleaning in place of rugs, drapes and upholstery; dusting; disposing trash; and cleaning and sanitizing bathroom fixtures.
The term "janitorial services" does not include, among others:
Income received for providing a worker to repair or alter computer hardware is taxable as a retail sale when the services are provided for the owner of the equipment. Retailing B&O tax applies and retail sales tax must be collected from the customer. Income received for services provided to the person who will resell the service to others is taxable under the Wholesaling tax (see Wholesaling).
Income received from customers or for providing a worker to install prewritten software (also referred to as "standard" and "canned" software - software created for sale to more than one person) is taxable as a retail sale. Retailing B&O tax applies and retail sales tax must be collected. Wholesaling tax applies if workers are provided to customers who will resell the service (see Wholesaling).
Income received for providing a worker to create custom software (software created for a single customer) or to "customize" prewritten software is taxable as a professional service, subject to the Service and Other Activities B&O tax. Retail sales tax does not apply to such charges. To "customize" prewritten software means any alteration, modification or development of applications using or incorporating prewritten computer software for a specific person. It also includes individualized configuration of software to work with other software and computer hardware, but does not include routine installation of prewritten software.
Income received from engaging in stevedoring and associated activities is subject to business tax at the rate .00275. Stevedoring and associated activities means all activities of a labor, service, or transportation nature where cargo is loaded/unloaded from vessels involved in waterborne interstate or foreign commerce.
Specific activities taxable under the stevedoring classification are:
Providing workers to engage in these activities is subject to B&O tax under the Stevedoring tax classification.


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Results 1 to 6 of 6
Thread: Breastfeeding
10th July 2014 06:39 AM #1
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- Jul 2014
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- 11
is breastfeeding more beneficial than the bottle?
10th July 2014 12:47 PM #2
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- Feb 2014
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- 931
Accord to the World Health Association (WHO):
Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure a child's health and survival.
If every child was breastfed within an hour of birth, given only breast milk for their first six months of life, and continued breastfeeding up to the age of two years, about 800 000 child lives would be saved every year. Globally, less than 40% of infants under six months of age are exclusively breastfed. Adequate breastfeeding counselling and support are essential for mothers and families to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices.
WHO actively promotes breastfeeding as the best source of nourishment for infants and young children.
Here is a great link from (WHO) and 10 facts about breastfeeding, check it out to see all the awesome facts.
If a mother finds that she must use bottles, pumping her milk and giving breastmilk in a bottle is the next best solution.
10th July 2014 06:32 PM #3
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Thank you.
12th July 2014 04:19 AM #4
Yes, yes, yes! Breastmilk has so many advantages over formula milk which is sadly vastly inferior in comparison.
I see you have had some great links to the WHO info from sunnymumof5. You may also be interested in reading this recent thread entitled 'breastfeeding vs bottle feeding'.
Please don't hesitate to post back if you have any further questions about breastfeeding. It is such an important topic.
Warm wishes,
12th July 2014 04:43 AM #5
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13th July 2014 04:04 AM #6

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Bookmark this site
CORONA, CA -- The Los Angeles Sheriff's Department will support an amended version of California Assembly Bill 1753 with language less unfavorable to the state's amusement industry, according to attorney Bob Snyder, founder and principal of Bob Snyder & Associates here.
In its original form, the proposed measure posed a potential threat to legitimate operators of ordinary prize-awarding skill games. Read more.
The bill's language would have restricted the value of prizes awarded by amusement machines to an amount no greater than the play price. Operators had feared that this provision would have an extremely negative impact on redemption games and skill-based prize merchandisers in California – in the worst case, outlawing this kind of equipment altogether.
Snyder reported in mid-April that the troublesome language had been deleted from an amended version of the bill. This amendment was proposed in the wake of a series of face-to-face consultations that he held with the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department. Snyder, himself a former member of the LASD, praised the department's "professional openness" in seeking solutions to make the job of law enforcement easier while preserving the rights of amusement operators.
According to Snyder, the original bill resulted from the department's desire for stronger gambling penalties to deter the operator of three illegal machine types whose popularity is growing in California. To achieve this goal, the measure would have stiffened penalties for anyone convicted of operating illegal slot machines and amusement games that pay cash prizes, as well as cranes and pushers stocked with valuable prizes (such as $100 bills).
The Department reported that these illegal devices have been proliferating throughout California in recent months, presumably because a growing number of locations have decided that their potential profits outweigh the risk of incurring the existing penalty.
As amended, the bill would increase the penalty for operating slot machines to as high as $25,000 for a third violation. However, it deletes the original bill's limit on maximum prize value. Native American tribal gaming interests, California amusement park owners and amusement machine distributors, among other groups, were involved in the campaign to remove the prize value constraint.
The Sheriff's Department is considering language that would criminalize cash payouts by devices purported to be games of skill. New language prohibiting such cash payout may be added as the bill moves through the legislative process, Snyder explained.


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Even though an iTV will most likely have a lot of cool features and an equal amount of iDevice integration, the TV itself must have the same features and capabilities or better than those already on the market; like screen rate (240Hz or better), resolution (1080p), Dynamic Contrast Ratio, etc. When you get up to the expected price level these TVs will command, just being made by Apple doesn't make it an automatic purchase for me, even though I will be in the market for a TV by the end of the year.
I wonder if this could fix the gap between the case (Mine actually) of choose a second monitor for a Macbook Pro + TV tuner on board. In my case, living in Argentina (With this shitty import politics and same Government) leaves me few and costly options, like importing a DELL Ultra Flat 32 inches, great one for Graphic Design (My job) and movies, but no tv tuner.
My 2 cents. Tech/Nerd Opinions welcome.
An apple tv must have more functions than the current apple tv , most internet tv's have more than apple tv , also the name itv is a no go for apple , jobs tried to get the name , but that name is owned in the uk and usa by itv uk , he lost the battle , the name Tv is old ihd or i3d would be a better name if they have a hd or 3d tv Or maybe they will name it plain apple tv
A 42"/$1500+ TV owning 5% of the television market in 1 year with no content and no obvious support for OTA or satellite reception? Who IS this idiot? I wonder how much he wants to lose on that bet? I'll round up funding to match anything he wants to bet. What an IDIOT! Go look at the major TV manufacturers and look at their market shares after 50 YEARS. There must be at LEAST 100 MAJOR TV manufacturers. You gotta be kidding me. And people buy into this hype too. AMAZING!
First to the people that are doubting articles etc. It's super annoying when people act like they know the market and have studied it and know everything about the tv market... Or anything like that where it's a 1/10000 chance you actually know what you're talking about
For 1500 you can get a ballin 3d Sony Bravia with a single pane of gorilla glass. It's ******* beautiful. Hook an apple tv up to that and a ps3. you'll have the best damn looking living room in town. Along with the smartest purchase rather than spending 1500 on the same tv with less features and no 3d. Unless iTunes magically gains 3d movie downloads over night. Which i guess is possible with endless piles of cash.
It reminds you of the "if Apple built a flashlight, it'd only shine on things Steve deemed important enough to be lit up."
Apple designs what a customer wants without us knowing it. And they charge a super premium for it. And we all pay the price to have it.
I swear people on internet message boards are sooooo out of touch with reality (this is not directed to you, but in general).
1) This (LIKE EVERY OTHER APPLE PRODUCT) will not be prohibitively expensive
2) It will easily eclipse 5% of the Market in its first year....when have apple NOT met or exceeded product launch estimates? Especially in the new iOS era
3) Apple has been eyeing this segment of the tech industry for some time...do people really believe that Apple will put out an "also ran" type of product? When has Apple EVER done that? It will obviously not be loaded with 13 USB ports, 4 SD card ports or bunny ears, and there will be the small inconsequential segment of the market place that will complain about it being 200ths of on its contrast ratio or it not having some other inane feature that 99% of the consumer population could give a **** about. These are the same people who thought the iPhone would fail because it didnt have and SD slot or a mini-usb slot.


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Pharrell enlists T.I., Busta Rhymes for 'Unstaged' concert
Listen to Pharrell Williams on iHeartRadio
Pharrell Williams is sharing the experience of performing at Harlem's historic Apollo Theater. During his "American Express Unstaged" performance at the venue Tuesday, "Skateboard P" invited his "Blurred Lines" collaborator T.I. on stage with him.
During the hour-long performance, Pharrell showed off hits both old and new. After kicking off the show with new songs "Lose Yourself to Dance" and "Come Get It Bae," he went right in to his crowd-pleasing hit "Frontin'." He also took on songs he produced and collaborated on such as Nelly's "Hot In Herre," Snoop Dogg's "Beautiful" and "Drop It Like It's Hot," and Gwen Stefani's "Hollaback Girl."
Apart from sharing the stage with T.I., the Grammy-winning producer also enlisted New York's own Busta Rhymes to drop a couple of verses from their 2002 collaboration "Pass The Courvoisier Part 2." He wrapped up the show with his chart toppping single, "Happy."
RT @jarmfield7: @Pharrell & @BustaRhymes at #AmexUNSTAGED pic.twitter.com/lMcz0uK7oU
— Busta Rhymes (@BustaRhymes) June 4, 2014
Famed director Spike Lee directed a live video stream of the concert on the American Express YouTube channel.
Photo Credit Getty Images


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The immensely influential scholar and winner of the 1991 Nobel Prize for Economics was 102 years of age and a productive scholar to the end. An excellent short introduction to Coase's work is found in the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics, edited by David Henderson.
Coase's famous, seminal article "The Problem of Social Cost," while the most widely cited in the law and economics canon, is also persistently misunderstood and misrepresented by both friends and foes, as Robert Ellickson shows devastatingly in this essay (h/t Jonathan Adler). Many, even most popular attempts to formulate the "Coase Theorem" veer far from what Coase intended and sometimes into the reverse, above all when they idealize the power of negotiation to overcome the problems of externalities in a highly fictional world that assumes away transactions costs.
As Coase himself pointed out: "The world of zero transactions costs has often been described as a Coasian world. Nothing could be further from the truth. It is the world of modern economic theory, one which I was hoping to persuade economists to leave." Precisely because across a wide range of circumstances the transactions costs of negotiation are too high to permit reallocations of rights between parties, some initial assignments of liability or property rights do impair real output compared with others.
The University of Chicago's well-meaning notice, I fear, is among those that misstate the Coase Theorem. "Coase believed the incentives of private parties to resolve disputes in their own best interests, even if there needs to be adjudication by courts, should result in an efficient, mutually beneficial solution that is always preferable to government intervention." (No, that's not at all what he wrote, even if one succeeds in disentangling the court adjudication from the "government intervention.") Likewise, Bloomberg: "Holding the [polluting] company liable and ordering it to pay money to an affected property holder is less likely to yield an optimal result than having the parties negotiate, he wrote." (No, that's not it at all either. At most, his theory implies that the optimal liability rule is fact-contingent and should not invariably be assumed to be the one that makes the smokestack owner pay.)


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Maintaining laziness
From HaskellWiki
(→Alternatives: cpedit)
|Line 98:
|Line 98:
It is <hask>if undefined then f x else f y</hask> is <hask>undefined</hask>,
It is <hask>if undefined then f x else f y</hask> is <hask>undefined</hask>,
whereas <hask>f (if b then x else y)</hask>
whereas <hask>f (if b then x else y)</hask> <hask>f undefined</hask>,
which is a difference in [[non-strict semantics]].
which is a difference in [[non-strict semantics]].
Consider e.g. <hask>if b then 'a':x else 'a':y</hask>.
Consider e.g. <hask>if b then 'a':x else 'a':y</hask>.
Revision as of 05:21, 31 December 2008
One of Haskell's main features is non-strict semantics, which in is implemented by lazy evaluation in all popular Haskell compilers. However many Haskell libraries found on Hackage are implemented just as if Haskell would be a strict language. This leads to unnecessary inefficiencies, memory leaks and, we suspect, unintended semantics. In this article we want to go through some techniques on how to check lazy behaviour on functions, examples of typical constructs which break laziness without need, and finally we want to link to techniques that may yield the same effect without laziness.
1 Checking laziness
If you want to check whether a function is lazy enough, you may feed it with undefined values.An undefined value can be
The latter one has the advantage that it cannot be hidden by some hacks like "catching" the error in the IO monad.
Examples:Check whether
filter even [0..] filter even ([0..5] ++ undefined)
then it keeps generating elements in the first case and it outputs a prefix of the output list, before breaking because of the undefined, in the second case.
An automated unit test can check whether infinite or corrupted input data produces correct prefixes.Those tests usually do not fail by returning
testFilter0 = filter even [0..100] `isPrefixOf` filter even [0..] testFilter1 = filter even [0..100] `isPrefixOf` filter even ([0..102]++undefined) testFilter2 = let x = filter even [0..] !! 100 in x==x testFilter3 = let x = filter even ([0..102]++undefined) !! 50 in x==x
2 Laziness breakers
2.1 Maybe, Either, Exceptions
Some laziness breakers are visible in type signatures:
decodeUTF8 :: [Word8] -> Either Message String
This function cannot be lazy, because when you access the first character of the result,it must already be computed, whether the result is
For this decision, the complete input must be decoded. A better type signature is
decodeUTF8 :: [Word8] -> (Maybe Message, String)
If you touch the first element of the pair, the complete decodings is triggered, thus laziness is broken.This means you should first process the
Instead of the unspecific pair type you should use the special type for asynchronous exceptions as found in the explicit exception package.
Especially in parsers you may find a function, called Wadler's force function. It works as follows:
force y = let Just x = y in Just x
Then the runtime system need not to wait until it can determine the right constructor but it can proceed immediately.This way a function can be made lazy, also if it returns
Using force like functions is sometimes necessary, but should be avoided for data types with more than one constructor. It is better to use an interim data type with one constructor and lift to the multi-constructor datatype when needed.Consider parsers of type
many :: StateT [Word8] Maybe a -> StateT [Word8] Maybe [a]
It shall just return an empty list, if parsing of one element fails.A quick hack would be to define
many :: StateT [Word8] Maybe a -> StateT [Word8] Identity [a]
2.2 Early decision
2.2.1 List construction
Be aware that the following two expression are not equivalent.
-- less lazy if b then f x else f y -- more lazy f (if b then x else y)
which is a difference in non-strict semantics.Consider e.g.
It is common source of too much strictness to make decisions too early and thus duplicate code in the decision branches. Intuitively spoken, the bad thing about code duplication (stylistic questions put aside) is, that the run-time system cannot see that in the branches some things are equal and do it in common before the critical decision. Actually, the compiler and run-time system could be "improved" to do so, but in order to keep things predictable, they do not do so. Even more, this behaviour is required by theory, since by pushing decisions to the inner of an expression you change the semantics of the expression. So we return to the question, what the programmer actually wants.
Now, do you think this expression
if b then [x] else y:ys
is maximally lazy? It seems so, but actually it is not. In both branches we create non-empty lists, but the run-time system cannot see this.It is
let z:zs = if b then [x] else y:ys in z:zs
This error can only caught at run-time which is bad. We can avoid it using the single constructor pair type.
let (z,zs) = if b then (x,[]) else (y,ys) in z:zs
which can be abbreviated to
uncurry (:) (if b then (x,[]) else (y,ys))
Another example is the
In the Haskell 98 report the implementation
inits :: [a] -> [[a]] inits [] = [[]] inits (x:xs) = [[]] ++ map (x:) (inits xs)
is suggested.However you find that
The following implementation does exactly this:
inits :: [a] -> [[a]] inits xt = [] : case xt of [] -> [] x:xs -> map (x:) (inits xs)
See also the article on base cases and identities.
2.2.2 Reader-Writer-State monad
I do not know whether the following example can be simplified. In this form it occured in a real application, namely the HTTP package.Consider the following action of the
The state of the monad is the input list we fetch the elements from. The reader part provides an element which means that the input is consumed. It is returned as singleton when the caller tries to read from a completely read input. The writer allows to log some information, however the considered action does not output something to the log.
getN :: Int -> RWS a [Int] [a] [a] getN n = do input <- get if null input then asks (:[]) else let (fetched,rest) = splitAt n input in put rest >> return fetched
that is, only if there is something to fetch. This works even more many corner cases, but not in the following one.Although
it requires to read the input in order to find out, that nothing was logged:
*Test> (\(_a,_s,w) -> w) $ runRWS (getN 5) '\n' undefined *** Exception: Prelude.undefined
which is undefined, since the input is undefined. Thus we must ensure, that the invoked monadic actions are run independent from the input. Only this way, the run-time system can see that the logging stream is never touched.We start refactoring by calling
getN :: Int -> RWS a [Int] [a] [a] getN n = do input <- get let (fetched,rest) = splitAt n input put rest if null input then asks (:[]) else return fetched
getN :: Int -> RWS a [Int] [a] [a] getN n = do input <- get let (fetched,rest) = splitAt n input put rest endOfInput <- ask return $ if null input then [endOfInput] else fetched
Now things work as expected:
*Test> (\(_a,_s,w) -> w) $ runRWS (getN 5) '\n' undefined []
We learn from this example, that sometimes in Haskell it is more efficient to call functions that are not needed under some circumstances. Always remind, that the do notation looks only imperative, but it is not imperative.E.g.,
2.3 Strict pattern matching in a recursionConsider the
This function should also work on infinite lists, but the implementation shipped with GHC up to 6.2 failed on infinite lists. What happened?
The reason was too strict pattern matching.
Let's first consider the following correct implementation:
partition :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) partition p = foldr (\x ~(y,z) -> if p x then (x : y, z) else (y, x : z)) ([],[])
However, how can this work if there is a list without an end?That can be seen when applying the definition of
foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> [a] -> b foldr _ b [] = b foldr f b (a:as) = f a (foldr f b as)
Now we expand this once for an infinite input list, we get
partition p (a:as) = (\ ~(y,z) -> if p a then (a:y, z) else (y, a:z)) (foldr ... ([],[]) as)
Omitting it, would require the evaluation of the whole input list before the first output element can be determined.This fails for infinite lists and is inefficient for finite lists, and that was the bug in former implementations of
Btw. by the expansion you also see, that it would not help to omit the tilde and apply the above 'force' trick to the 'if-then-else' expression.
2.4 List reversalAny use of the list function
since when you access the first element of a reversed list, then all nodes of the input list must be evaluated and stored in memory. Think twice whether it is really needed. The article Infinity and efficiency shows how to avoid list reversal.
3 Alternatives
From the above issues you see that laziness is a fragile thing. Make one mistake and a function, carefully developed with laziness in mind, is no longer lazy. The type system will rarely help you hunting laziness breakers, and there is little support by debuggers.
Thus detecting laziness breakers will often requires understanding of a large portion of code, which is against the idea of modularity, and knowledge about low-level details of compilation or the runtime system.
Maybe for your case you will prefer a different idiom, that achieves the same goals in a safer way. See e.g. the Enumerator and iteratee pattern.


text:
Welcome to SeaMonkey Add-ons.
Add extra features and styles to make SeaMonkey your own.Close
LittleMonkey for SeaMonkey 2.0.27 Requires Restart
by alfredkayser
Clean, simple, consequent and fast theme for SeaMonkey.
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About this Add-on
Check also my Nautipolis theme for Seamonkey:
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Report any bugs via email to me, and include:
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Version Information
Version 2.0.27
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'Harold Ballard would be proud of the collection of clowns in blue and white last night. The Leafs have played some indifferent hockey over the course of the past three months but nothing even comes close to the depths of degradation they reached against a team Curtis Joseph described as "playoff-ready."'
Ballard would be very proud
March 21, 2001 Submitted by
Via: Toronto Sun


text:
hi there,
i have upgrade my backtrack4 kernel (from 2.6.30.x to 2.6.34) and everything just fine until i type a reboot command (after upgrade process is finished).
and when i try to login via new kernel (2.6.34), suddenly my display is blank (black screen). the last command run is loading driver ...
but i can login via old kernel (2.6.30.x).
maybe there was a driver error.
FYI, my BT4 run on dual core laptop with via chipset
anyone help me please ...
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Joe the Plumber: 'Your dead kids don't trump my rights'
(NEWSER) – Samuel Wurzelbacher, perhaps better known as Joe the Plumber, watched Richard Martinez sobbingover the shooting death of his only son in the Isla Vista rampage, and responded thusly in an open letter onBarbwire.com: "I am sorry you lost your child. I myself have a son and daughter and the one thing I never want to go through, is what you are going through now. But: As harsh as this sounds—your dead kids don't trump my Constitutional rights." Wurzelbacher goes on to call suspect Elliot Rodger a "sad and insane individual." Then, "I almost said 'Obama Voter,' but I'm waiting for it to be official," he writes.
Read the full story on Newser.com


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The Science Behind those Eye-Popping Northern Lights
October 2, 2012—
Northern night skies have recently been alive with light. Those shimmering curtains get their start about 93 million miles away, on the sun.
An aurora borealis (aurora australis in the Southern Hemisphere) is precipitated by explosions on the surface of the sun, sometimes starting as solar flares, said Robert Nemiroff, an astrophysicist at Michigan Technological University and coauthor of NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day website.
These flares release a burst of charged particles, or plasma, into the solar system. When they come our way, they whack into the Earth's magnetosphere, which is made up of its own stream of charged particles. That collision causes particles to break free of the magnetosphere and cascade toward the Earth's magnetic field lines, usually traveling toward the poles.
"The aurorae happen when these high-energy particles bap into atoms and molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, typically oxygen," Nemiroff said. Light is emitted as part of the reaction.
Those particles can also wreak havoc. "The plasma cloud can cause the Earth's magnetic field to fluctuate," Nemiroff said. "At worst, that can knock out satellites and even power grids."
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To see more aurora borealis photos, go to the Michigan Tech Aurora page.
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Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
Excel | CSV | Table Version
In 2010, airlines based in the United States originated 718 million passengers. Eighty-eight percent of passengers had a destination in the United States, and 12 percent had an international destination. For international air travel trips originating in the U.S., domestic carriers originated 56 percent of the passengers.
|U.S. Airline Passengers
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text:
Rockies Drop Split Squad Games To Mariners, D'backs
Posted by Mike Rice
PEORIA, Ariz. (AP) -- Robinson Cano had two hits and an RBI and Dustin Ackley's had a three-run double among his two hits, as a Seattle Mariners split-squad beat the Colorado Rockies 8-1 Monday.
Cano, who signed a $240 million, 10-year contract, with Seattle this winter, had an infield single as one of his hits.
In four games, Ackley is hitting .600 with a home run, three doubles and six RBIs.
Ackley gave his a team a 6-1 lead in the fifth inning when he ripped a bases-loaded double off Rob Scahill over the head of center fielder Brandon Barnes.
"He's a very talented young man," Seattle manager Lloyd McClendon said. "I think our challenge is to get him in one place and leave him there and let him flourish."
Seattle starter Blake Beavan allowed a run and four hits in three innings.
Colorado starter Brett Anderson threw two scoreless innings, allowing four hits and a walk, while fanning two.
Anderson was traded to the Rockies during the offseason and said he felt nerves when he took the mound for the first time with his new team.
First outing in a new organization, it was good," he said. "Usually there aren't too many nerves in a spring training game, but I kind of had a little adrenaline going."
Rockies: Anderson used his Cactus League debut to get a benchmark on where he's at this far into spring training.
"Didn't give up any runs, felt good, so that's a positive," Anderson said. "Walked a guy, which you never like to do, but was trying to gauge where I'm at. Threw a 3-2 slider with two outs and nobody on that I probably wouldn't throw in a regular season game."
Mariners: Making his second outing of spring training, Blake Beavan gave up one earned run on four hits in three innings.
"He's a command guy," McClendon said. "He's not a stuff guy, he's not a guy who's going to light up the radar gun. He has to control the strike zone, he's got to stay down in the zone, move it in and out. He did a fine job of doing that today."
Beavan is one of a handful of Mariners competing for a spot in the back end of Seattle's starting rotation. Last year, he was a starter coming out of training camp, but lost his spot after pitching poorly in two starts.
"This is a big year for me," he said. "Last year not being 100 percent healthy and playing through it, coming in this year being 100 percent healthy I think is going to make a big difference."
Mariners: Third baseman Kyle Seager sat out for the third straight game because of a jammed index finger on his throwing hand. McClendon said Seager will start Tuesday against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Sitting Seager is a precautionary move.
"It's nothing major," the third baseman said. "It wouldn't even be an issue if this was the regular season."
Mariners ace Felix Hernandez is scheduled to make his first start of spring training on Tuesday when Seattle faces the Los Angeles Dodgers. McClendon said Hernandez will throw two innings.
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. (AP) -- Premier prospect Archie Bradley had an impressive spring debut for the Diamondbacks, striking out six over three innings to lead Arizona past the Colorado Rockies 5-0 in a split-squad game Monday night.
Bradley, rated the top pitching prospect in baseball, allowed one hit and walked two. He faced a lineup that featured several Rockies regulars, including NL batting champion Michael Cuddyer and sluggers Carlos Gonzalez and Troy Tulowitzki.
Diamondbacks newcomer Mark Trumbo had an RBI single. Gerardo Parra doubled and scored.
Drafted seventh overall out of his Oklahoma high school in 2011, the 21-year-old Bradley originally was scheduled to make his first Cactus League start Saturday night against the Chicago Cubs before that game was rained out.


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Was $69.95 NOW $39.95
This is the lady's packable Panama hat that unfolds back to its original shape when unpacked. Unlike other straw hats that are starched and stiff, this Panama hat is soft and pliable, enabling it to withstand the rigors of travel. Each hat is fashioned by expert craftsmen using the Llano weave—a traditional coastal herringbone-like pattern—that allows it to be gently flattened to fit into a suitcase, a dresser drawer, or between airplane seats. Each hat is made by hand in Ecuador from the bleached leaves of carludovica palmata, or Toquilla palm, a renewable plant fiber used to make all Panama hats, and takes four to five days to complete. This hat's extra-wide 4" brim provides 360� of sun protection for a UPF 50+ rating—the highest attainable—yet the natural woven fibers allow air to circulate, keeping you cool. Leather chin strap with tagua ivory slider. Natural color. One size fits most. (1 oz.)
Lifetime Guarantee
The Lady's Packable Panama Hat comes with The Hammacher Schlemmer Lifetime Guarantee. If this product ever disappoints you, for any reason, you may return your Hammacher Schlemmer purchase for exchange, credit, or refund.
Should you have any questions, we are available seven days a week (8:00 am – midnight EST). Please call 1-800-321-1484 to speak with a specialist or email us at email@example.com to receive a response within three business hours or less.
Sale item quantities are limited — please order soon.
May we recommend:
(based on 15 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Feels full size too small
Feels half size too small
Feels true to size
92% (12 reviews)
(12 reviews)
Feels half size too big
Feels full size too big
Reviewed by 15 customers
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(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
Very stylish
By Rick
from Kelowna B.C.
hat is as expected however it does not fold up as small as indicated in the catalogue and it does not bounce back into it;s original shape.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Hammacher Schlemmer Response: Thank you for your comment. Here are some tips on folding this hat: Since it has a fedora shape it is important to fold it longways from one side to the other, and if possible to stuff the crown with small garments. The best way to pack it is in the suitcase without folding it but packing all your small garments inside it and building up around it.
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- flag this review
Love the looks and the feel.
By Mini horse lover
from Eastern Oregon
Beautiful hat. Performs as advertised.
Would have preferred a wider brim
By Sun Averse
from Santa Barbara
Will be good on walks that are breeze to protect from sun.
(2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
Great, great hat!
By Dee
from Owasso, OK
I mainly use this hat for sun protection when I am outside and it is terrific! The best part about this hat is that it folds up and makes it so easy for packing in a suitcase. If there's a drawback at all, there were no instructions or diagrams to show how to fold the hat. I was ready to send it back because that was one of the main selling points, but my husband being an engineer figured it out. You won't regret this purchase if you're looking for a great hat!
No maintence or shaping instructions
By Jeff bought as presant for wife
from Cleveland, OH
Brim is bent. Do not know how to fix and shape.!
Bottom Line No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Hammacher Schlemmer Response: For proper care, the best way to pack it is in the suitcase without folding it but packing all your small garments inside it and building up around it.
Perfect for the beach.
By Dottie
from On vacation in South Carolina
Perfect for the beach. Shades your face and neck and the adjustable ties keep it secure even in breezy conditions
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Nice hat!
By The Divine Ms. M
from Fort Smith, NT Canada
This is a nice hat for my evening walk home from work in the summer. Does what I wanted it to - the wide brim protects my face and neck from the sun - but looks dressier than a farmer's straw hat or a ball cap. Fits nicely, and the drawstring cord ensures it doesn't fly off in a breeze. No complaints.
beautifully made hat
By Peggy fears the sun
from Oakland
This hat is high quality and very attractive. I haven't figured out how to roll it up properly yet, though. It could stand to come with instructions.
Ugly hat!
By Gloria
from Hartsville, SC
This hat looked so cute in the catalog. It is much bigger than it appears in the catalog and didn't look at all like that on me. I couldn't get the sides to curve up any. The only reason I didn't return it is that I had already paid postage to get it and would have invested more to send it back. I will wear it in the back yard where no one can see me.
Packable hat for long trips!
By Nancy Ballerina!
from Raleigh, NC
I bought it for everyday wear & travel/
COPYRIGHT © 2017 HAMMACHER SCHLEMMER & COMPANY, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. W106147 E. 57th ST • NEW YORK, NY • 10022 • 1-800-_321-1484


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Making lives better through lasting personalized gifts.
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Home Multi Tools Engraved Leatherman Leatherman MUT EOD
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Price: $170.00 includes engraving!
FREE SHIPPING on this and select other Leatherman Tools! No coupon necessary, just add to your cart and checkout. US only.
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The Leatherman MUT EOD is your perfect companion in the field. All the tools you will ever need right there in the palm of your hand. Be it the carbon scraper, the field blade, the bolt override tool or the replaceable C4 punch, this is not a tool you will want to leave home without. The MUT EOD is coated with black oxide to reduce reflection, a must in sensitive combat situations. The carbon scrapper is made from bronze, similar to the MUT, to avoid scratches. No objective will be hard to accomplish, no hurdle to great. It is Light, compact and easily adjustable to suit your requirements on the go.
You can get your customized MUT EOD from Lazer Designs. We provide a Satisfaction Guarantee and pledge quality in our designs.
Replaceable Cutting Hook
Bolt Override Tool
Replaceable C4 Punch
Replaceable Bronze Carbon Scraper
Threaded for an #8-32 Cleaning Rod Attachment
Carabiner/Bottle Opener
Large Bit Driver (I)
3/8in Wrench
Front Sight Adjustment Accessory
Needlenose Pliers
Military Performance Spec Cap Crimper
154CM Replaceable Fuse-wire Cutters
Stranded Wire Cutters
Electrical Crimper
420HC Combo Knife
Quick Look at Leatherman MUT EOD:
One-handed Operable Features
Outside Accessible Features
Replaceable Titanium Pocket Clip
Stainless Steel
All Locking Features
MOLLE Sheath
3 in (Blade Length)
5 in (Closed)
11.2 oz (Weight)
Made in USA
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Sheepskin Slippers
You'll find sheepskin slippers to suit just about anyone in our extensive range. These stylish and comfortable slippers keep your feet warm in winter and cool in summer. Made in clean green New Zealand with lots of care and crafted from the finest natural sheepskin, our range of slippers come in many styles and are of unrivalled quality.
Our sheepskin slippers (sometimes known as shearling slippers in the U.S.) should not to be confused with cheaper inferior items that quickly wear out and soon need replacing. Our slippers are designed to last and have a superior quality that is obvious from the moment they come out of their pack.
Treat yourself - or give a special person a special gift.


text:
Each cookie serves 1.
Use full-strength Color Flow icing tinted green to pipe tip 6 puddle dots about 3/4 in. wide onto waxed paper-covered cake board. Let dry at least 48 hours.
Prepare rollout cookie recipe. Roll out dough 1/8 in. thick and cut flower cookies. Bake following recipe instructions. Cool on cookie sheet on cooling grid 2 minutes; remove from cookie sheet and cool completely.
Tint Color Flow icing 2 shades (1 dark, 1 light) each blue, rose and yellow. Outline petals using tip 3 and full-strength icing in dark shade. Flow in with thinned icing, alternating dark and light shades of icing on petals. Immediately position matching Sugar Pearls in dark icing. For lighter petals, immediately overpipe with tip 3 and thinned dark icing. Let dry.
Attach sticks to back of cookies using melted candy or full-strength icing; let set. Brush cookies with white Pearl Dust.


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no, one was a D630 the other was a shuttle. and newly tested on a old Dell (don't know what model its just old) - what dell did you get this to work on? and what was the driver of the FW?
They were each fully patched Sp2 boxes that are also members of a domain. however the latest test was on a SP2 fully patched with no domain.
would the hardware be the lock up? wouldn't it be the drivers on the OS-To-be-pwn?
at work today Im going to test it all over the place to see if I can find something that will allow the hack to continue.


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Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: hoyt xt2000 limbs 2002
- Join Date
- Oct 2005
- Posts
- 4
hoyt xt2000 limbs 2002
Chris, you seem to be very knowledgable about bow set-ups and I was wondering if you could help me.I built a new set of strings for my 2002 ultratec hoyt with xt2000 limbs.What would be the proper procedure to re-string the entire bow.Oh, by the way ,it is a excel type solo cam with a 26.5in draw.Thanks for your anticipated help.If any one else would like to help, it would be most appreciated.
I need a little more information and what you are trying to do? I'm a little confused. You need help on "how-to" string the bow but you know how to build strings? Give me a little more information on what you are trying to do and I'll try to help you.Chris Christenson - Admin
3DShoots.com - Find Archery Shoots near you
ObsessionArchery.com - Archery Supplies
- Join Date
- Oct 2005
- Posts
- 4
Chris, I want to completely restring a 2002 hoyt with excel cam.I was wondering if there was a certain procedure to follow in order to make it easier to get the whole thing to come into spec.I was also wondering proper cam position or should I say optimum cam positioning for the excel cam.I've made up the string and cables to original sizes that they require out of 450 premium which I had on hand.
If you measure the ata on the rest side of the bow it is shorter than on the other side.Do you set axle to axle on the rest side or the other side?
Is there measurement specs for the difference in ata depending on which side you measure/(is there a spec for the difference between left and right side ata).
In the old days, we used to set cam position to get as close to advertised let-off as possible.We would measure peak and holding weight and do the math.
I'm kinda new to this sight and noticed that there are procedures to re-do other bows and/or get them into spec and optimal shooting position.I was wondering if anybody had done this for the hoyts with the excel cams.I couln't find much in a search attempt.
Let me know if you need more info .
Capt Ace
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