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For 45 minutes, I get to aerate my brain, turn the world upside down, revel in music, poetry, humor.
You can aerate his house, not only with air, but with ideas.
Shake well after the final sterilisation, to aerate the medium.
They only absorb air to supply the tracheæ, which aerate the blood only within the general cavity of the body.
The object of this arrangement is to break up and aerate the stored grain.
One of the professional "touches" was to aerate the milk, after mixing, by pouring it from jug to jug.
He smiled, and I went forward to where Mr Preddle was making himself very hot by using the bellows to aerate the water.
They hung out their washings where machine-gun bullets could aerate them.
During life they are filled with air, and they serve to aerate the blood circulating in the interior of the appendage.
Another method where fresh water is not available, as on a long drive, is to aerate it by pouring from one pail to another.

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August Offensive 9
The Film
Running Time
07 min
Topical Film Company
Compilation film of the British Army during the Battle of Amiens and the Advance to the Hindenburg Line, Western Front, August 1918.
Men of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, Canadian 3rd Division, rest against a wall in a village "after taking Jigsaw Wood" which they did on 29 August. British lorries have difficulty negotiating shell craters in the road behind the lines. In a sunken lane Royal Engineers string telephone wires, using German rifles stuck in the ground as posts. In the foreground a field kitchen is covered with a tarpaulin as line-laying wagons of the Royal Engineers pass by loaded with equipment. Men of 4th or 5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, 52nd (Lowland) Division, in combat gear "moving forward" (their officer has his arm in a sling). Scenes in Achiet-le-Grand. The remains of Bailleul, Béteran and St-Léger. Three men of 8th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, 56th (London) Division, pull a cart load of captured German mortars and machineguns through Croisilles as ammunition limbers pass the other way. A group of men from 1/4th Battalion, London Regiment, 56th (London) Division, "waiting to go over the top in a front trench at Bullecourt". The ruins of Bapaume station, followed by a pan over a main street in Bapaume, showing considerable damage. The church at Grévillers, also showing major shell damage.
Pieces of History
Military Logistics of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914–1919
Michel Litalien
Canadian military logistics is a dimension of the history of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) that is often overlooked. Yet just a few days after Canada's entry into the First World War, it was obvious that there was no way of ignoring it. When huge numbers of military and civilian volunteers showed up at Valcartier, near Quebec City, in August 1914, logistical support services, which had only recently been established, were soon put to the test. Clothing and equipping the members of the first contingent turned out to be a real headache. Manufacturers had to be found and contracts drawn up in a hurry for the production of uniforms, boots, belts, weapons, vehicles and so on. From a logistical standpoint, mobilizing the first contingent destined for Europe was a nightmare.
Throughout the Great War, the Canadian Expeditionary Force's logistical support system was an immense, complex operation. Of all the support services, the Canadian Army Service Corps (CASC) was the most diversified. Its main responsibilities were transporting combat troops, delivering equipment and materials, and providing the troops with fresh supplies. In addition to these essential tasks, the CASC also evacuated the wounded (ambulance drivers belonged to the corps), salvaged equipment that had been captured from the enemy or left behind on the battlefield and delivered mail. The CASC worked closely with the Canadian Ordnance Corps, the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and the Canadian Artillery Corps for the transportation of specialized ordnance.
The CASC operated from seaports located hundreds of kilometres from the battlefield, all the way to just behind the front lines. Its replenishment system could supply not only small groups of just a few men but also formations the size of an infantry battalion (approximately 1,000 men).
Resupplying front-line units was a multistep process. From ports and depots, supplies were first taken by railway to railheads. From there, CASC units were responsible for moving the supplies by truck or light railway to supply dumps. These operations took place in the third line of supply. Thanks to their small size, light railways could run and reach areas closer to the front lines more easily. It was also harder for enemy artillery to pinpoint them. The administrative area behind the front lines was crisscrossed by light rail lines that were built and maintained by Canadian railway troops.
From the supply dumps, the CASC's divisional train and ammunition supply column, both of which were horse-drawn, were responsible for bringing supplies closer to the front lines, to their respective divisions or individual units. This was the second line of supply.
Lastly, operations to supply front-line units constituted the first line of supply. These units had to come back to the rear to get their own supplies of gear, ammunition, weapons, technical and communications equipment, water, medication and food. These supply expeditions were carried out chiefly at night so that the soldiers could not be seen by the enemy. But assigning combat troops to this task meant that a battalion's defensive positions at the front would be short of manpower for a time and so vulnerable to enemy attack.
Toward the end of the war, however, a Canadian officer from Montreal proposed using the tumpline system — the method that Canada's aboriginal people and coureurs de bois had used to carry large loads on foot. Before the introduction of this system, infantryman had to carry supplies in their arms, thus limiting the quantity of materials due to their size and weight. The tumpline system, which involved the use of a head strap, allowed the soldiers to carry more weight and freed up their arms, thus giving them more freedom of movement. With this system, each soldier was able to transport a greater quantity of supplies and so fewer men were required for the job, leaving more troops to ensure the defence of the front lines.
Besides regularly providing drivers and vehicles to other units, the CASC also maintained and repaired its vehicles. It also had to make sure that the troops were fed, which meant that fresh and hard rations had to be allocated and distributed properly; its military cooks oversaw the operation of field bakeries and butcheries.
The CASC was not the only logistical support corps to play a key role in the CEF. The Canadian Ordnance Corps was responsible for procuring, storing and distributing uniforms, boots, equipment, weapons, ammunition and shells to combat troops. Specialized supply depots, located in the second line of supply, helped ensure more effective distribution.
The Canadian Ordnance Corps' other major role was to maintain equipment in the field. The repairmen in the specialized ordnance mobile workshops could get closer to the deployed units and repair their weapons, both light and heavy, as well as their equipment. If the mobile workshops were not able to do the repairs on site, the weapons and equipment were shipped to heavy or stationary workshops at the rear, where virtually anything could be reassembled or rebuilt. The small detachments of the Ordnance Corps worked closely with the various units of the Army Service Corps.
Despite the gradual mechanization of the war, horses remained a vital component of the CEF. The cavalry, the artillery and, of course, the Army Service Corps used huge numbers of horses right up to the end of the war. At one point, Canadians were using as many as 24,000 horses and mules in their overseas operations. Horses could often manage in places where motorized vehicles could make no headway! Inevitably, some horses suffered injuries or fell ill. The Canadian Veterinary Corps operated mobile sections to take care of horses; it also ran veterinary hospitals for horses, advanced remount depots and specialized basic provisions depots.
Other logistical support services also played a crucial role in enabling combat troops to get on with their job. The Canadian Postal Corps, for instance, helped maintain the morale of soldiers at the front, at the rear and also those convalescing in hospitals. Army chaplains, who constituted the smallest organized support group, provided religious services to Canadian soldiers of different faiths and offered moral support at difficult times. Lastly, despite the enemy's efforts to maintain a naval blockade by submarines, the Canadian Forestry Corps ensured that Great Britain, France and the Canadian Expeditionary Force obtained all the timber they needed to carry out their military operations.
Thousands of men served in these various organizations. The Army Service Corps, for example, counted over 17,000 officers and non-commissioned soldiers in its organization. Even if these units were not combat troops, many of them, including the Army Service Corps, played important roles in all military actions. One hundred and four members of the CASC were killed, and 363 were wounded.
Selected Bibliography
Brown, Ian Malcolm. British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914-1919. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1998.
Canadian Army Service Corps, 2nd Divisional Train: Record of Service of Officers, 1914-1919. Brian Pontifex, comp. Toronto: Carswell, 1920.
Davies, W.J.K. Light Railways of the First World War: A History of Tactical Rail Communications on the British Fronts, 1914-18. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles, 1967.
French, Cecil. A History of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps in the Great World War, 1914-1919. C.A.V. Barker and Ian K. Barker, eds. Guelph: Crest Books, 1999.
Jackson, H.M. The 127th Battalion, CEF; 2nd Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops. Montreal: Industrial Shops for the Deaf, 1957?.
Johnston, James Robert. Riding into War: The Memoir of a Horse Transport Driver, 1916-1919. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions and The New Brunswick Military Heritage Project, 2004.
Love, David W. "A Call to Arms": The Organization and Administration of Canada's Military in World War One. Calgary: Bunker To Bunker Books, 1999.
Phelan, Frederick Ross. "Army Supplies in the Forward Area and the Tumpline System: A First World War Canadian Logistical Innovation." Canadian Military History 9, no 1 (Winter 2000): 31-45 [reprinted from the article published in the Canadian Defence Quarterly in October 1928].
To the Thunderer his Arms: The Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps. William F. Rannie, ed. Lincoln, ON: W.F. Rannie, 1984.
Warren, Arnold. Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1961.
Life in the Trenches
Tim Cook
Historian, Canadian War Museum
From Switzerland to the North Sea, some 500 kilometres long, soldiers on both sides carved out ditches in the ground that, over time, were expanded in complexity and depth. By 1915, vast underground cities housed the soldiers, as the opposing armies faced off against each other across no man's land. Along this continuous line of trenches, offensive operations degenerated into frontal assaults, which were usually stopped dead by concentrated fire.
The Western Front, as it was called, consisted of a series of trench systems in depth. The front lines were held in strength, but behind them, joined by a series of communication trenches that ran perpendicular to the front, were support and rear trenches. Deep protective dugouts were situated along the front and rear trenches to provide some degree of safety against all but direct hits from artillery fire. Saps and listening posts were pushed into no man's land, where soldiers were positioned to provide advance warnings of enemy attacks.
Despite the unsanitary nature of front line trenches, they were areas of safety. The trenches protected against small arms fire, shrapnel bursts and high explosive bombardments. Every day and night soldiers shored up the crumbling walls, filled sandbags, and rebuilt sections that had been damaged by artillery fire. It was not only a war of the machine gun and rifle, but also of the shovel.
Life in the trenches was filled with long periods of boredom interspersed with terror. Much of the time was spent in routine duty. At half an hour before dawn, the infantry was roused from their dugouts or funk holes (small spaces carved into the trench walls) and ordered to 'Stand-To.' At the alert, they waited for a possible attack with bayonet fixed. If nothing occurred, and it rarely did, since the infantry of both sides were always at their most prepared at this time, officers inspected the men. Rifles were examined for rust; feet were prodded to ensure that dry socks had been worn to protect against trench foot. The latter being a type of frostbite that occurred from prolonged standing in cold, slushy water, and could, in severe cases, require the amputation of toes or feet. After inspection, soldiers were often rewarded with a small dose of rum, which was much appreciated by the men, who saw it as a form of medicine to help withstand the daily deprivations.
Breakfast, like most meals, usually consisted of canned beef, jam and biscuits. It was a monotonous diet, but soldiers rarely went hungry. For lunch or dinner, soup or stew was brought up from rear areas to offer some variety and warmth. Care packages from home, filled with cheese, bread and sweets, augmented the bland food. During the day, though, the goal of most privates was to avoid the sergeant who assigned trench chores. Most were unsuccessful, with soldiers spending much of their time rebuilding the trenches or standing sentry.
Despite these duties, soldiers had much free time, during which they dreamed of home and of loved ones left behind; worried about children who were growing up without a father; of ailing parents with no caregivers; or of a wife who was trying to feed a family with insufficient funds. Literate soldiers might spend a few hours scribbling letters. Return mail from home was a welcomed treat, with letters read and reread. These exchanges back and forth remained an important life-line to Canada from the trenches. And while they were usually subject to two levels of censorship, by officers at the front and officials in England, soldiers nonetheless tried to share their thoughts with those at home. Civilians could not understand everything, nor could soldiers often capture the full range of their strange experiences in words, but letters remained an important avenue of expression.
Boredom could be kept at bay through gambling, and there was always some rake with dice or cards to fleece his mates. If a soldier had no money, he at least had cigarettes. Soldiers smoked all day long, and cigarettes, which were issued by the army, bought in rear areas, and begged from those at home, were a useful distraction. They helped to calm the nerves, or so soldiers said, and they certainly helped to mask the stench of unwashed bodies.
There were no baths in the front lines and, most soldiers went at least a week, usually longer, without changing their clothes. Dirt and mud were a part of life and, during the winter, helped to insulate soldiers. Far more trying was the infestation of parasitic body lice. The lice lived in the seams of clothing where they feasted on human blood. Soldiers scratched themselves raw to get at their infernal enemies. They learned to defeat their insect adversaries, at least for a time, by taking off their shirts and running a candle over the seams. This drew out the lice that were then squashed satisfactorily between finger and thumb. While soldiers did this, they would sit around, talk, complain and gossip. It was known as 'chatting,' and it is just one of many wartime phrases that would enter the English lexicon. But the lice always came back, tormenting the soldiers day and night.
Rats, too, were a constant plague, and because they lived off corpses, they could grow as big as cats. They bit soldiers and scurried over their faces while they slept. The rats were hunted by soldiers and their trench pets, usually fierce terrier dogs, but the rodents lived in and outside of the trenches and were always multiplying. Their squealing movement could be heard throughout the battlefield.
Amidst the mud and slush in the winter, or heat and flies in the summer, soldiers developed their own trench culture. New words sprang up, slang like 'napoo' for being killed, or 'blighty' that referred to England or home. Artistic soldiers could take spent ammunition and shape it into art. Some soldiers tried their hand at poetry. While most were not as skilled as John McCrae, Wilfrid Owen or Siegfried Sassoon, to name the best-known war poets, the trench poetry or doggerel provided much insight into the soldiers' front-line experiences. At the group level, some battalions printed trench newspapers. Drawing from their own soldiers in the ranks—men who in civilian life had been editors, journalists and cartoonists—these crude newspapers contained rough humour and wry commentary on the strange, subterranean world of the trenches.
But just as a soldier might be penning a letter or staring at the blue sky above, the crash of an artillery shell could bring sudden death. The enemy was always there to kill or maim. Snipers skulked into no man's land, camouflaged and ready to put a bullet through a man's head should it rise, even for a second, above the safety of the trench parapet. Poison gas was released in the form of gas clouds and artillery shells, and soldiers who could not put on their respirator quickly faced a lingering death as chemicals corrupted and ravaged lungs.
Machine-gun bullets raked the front lines day and night. Yet artillery shells were the greatest killer in the war, accounting for more than half of all deaths. High explosive shells blew deep holes in the ground or wrecked trenches; soldiers were atomized by direct hits. Equally deadly, shrapnel artillery shells rained hundreds of metal balls and jagged steel down on soldiers, shredding through flesh and bone. Steel helmets, introduced in early 1916, helped to reduce casualties, but a unit's tour in the front lines almost always resulted in a steady hemorrhage of casualties. It was clinically called wastage, and impersonal charts showed that each month the infantry would lose approximately 10% of its strength, even in quiet areas where no operations were carried out. While the snipers and artillerymen did their dirty work, the soldiers could look around and see their best friends killed and maimed.
Yet the soldiers struck back in the form of nighttime raids. Changing into dark clothes, equipping themselves with revolvers, grenades, daggers and clubs, small groups of men snuck past their wire and into no man's land. Raids were a form of organized mugging, and the goal was to gather intelligence, kill the enemy and grab a prisoner. Enemy sentries were usually the target, but sometimes large groups of raiders slipped into the opposite trenches to wreck mayhem. While Canadian troops acquired a reputation as fierce raiders, these operations were dangerous affairs, and in the confusion of night fighting, casualties were often heavy.
To help relieve the unending pressure on soldiers, they were rotated in and out of the front line. On roughly four- to six-day tours, filthy, verminous, exhausted soldiers passed from front to secondary lines and finally to the reserves. This rotation helped to relieve the strain, but soldiers always knew they would return to the trenches in this maddening cycle.
Endurance was the key to survival and soldiers learned to cope with the inhuman conditions. Some developed fatalistic attitudes, believing they would be killed 'when their number was up'; others lived in terror all the time; a few hoped for a blighty wound, a bullet through the hand or leg that would take them away from the horror and back to a clean hospital in England. Thousands suffered mental breakdowns, known as shell shock, but hundreds of thousands more of the 'poor bloody infantry,' as the soldiers liked to call themselves, learned to withstand the strain of the trenches. And it was these survivors who, after four years of bitter fighting, would finally break the static warfare on the Western Front and defeat the German forces.
Selected Bibliography
Bird, Will R. Ghosts Have Warm Hands: A Memoir of the Great War, 1916-1919. Ottawa: CEF Books, 1997 (1968).
Black, Ernest Garson. I Want One Volunteer. Toronto: Ryerson, 1965.
Canadian Bank of Commerce. Letters from the Front : Being a Partial Record of the Part Played by Officers of the Bank in the Great European War. 11 v. Toronto: Canadian Bank of Commerce, 1915-1919.
Cook, Tim. "`More a Medicine than a Beverage': 'Demon Rum' and the Canadian Trench Soldier of the First World War." Canadian Military History 9, 1 (Winter 2000) : 6-22.
Fraser, Donald. The Journal of Private Fraser, 1914-1918, Canadian Expeditionary Force. Reginald H. Roy, ed. Nepean, ON: CEF Books, 1998 (1985).
Granatstein, J.L. Hell's Corner: An Illustrated History of Canada's Great War, 1914-1918. Toronto: Douglas and McIntyre, 2004.
Litalien, Michel et Stéphane Thibault, Tranchées : le quotidien de la guerre 1914-1918, Outremont, Québec, Athena éditions, 2004.
Morrison, J. Clinton. Hell upon Earth: A Personal Account of Prince Edward Island Soldiers in the Great War, 1914-1918. Summerside, PEI.: J.C. Morrison, 1995.
Morton, Desmond. "A Canadian Soldier in the Great War: The Experience of Frank Maheux." Canadian Military History 1, nos 1 & 2 (1992) : 79-89.
---. When Your Number's Up: The Canadian Soldier in the First World War. Toronto: Random House, 1993.
Morton, Desmond and J.L. Granatstein. Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War, 1914- 1919. Toronto: Lester & Orpen, Dennys, 1989.
Winter, Denis. Death's Men: Soldiers of the Great War. Markam, ON: Penguin Books, 1985.
Battlefield Medicine
Bill Rawling
Historian, Department of National Defence
On the battlefield, stretcher bearers, who were selected from the infantry or detached from a Field Ambulance unit, determined if the soldier needed to be treated, required immediate evacuation, or a combination of the two. The same process was repeated at the Regimental Aid Post (which was part of an infantry battalion at the front), at the Advanced Dressing Station (a section of a Field Ambulance), the Main Dressing Station (another section of the Field Ambulance), the Casualty Clearing Station, and the various forms of hospital near the front or well behind it, in England or even Canada.
The need for triage was not limited to times when the Canadian Corps was fighting battles—far from it—for disease had caused more casualties than combat since time immemorial. Even after such developments as vaccination in the 18th century and the studies of germs in the 19th, the sick were still plentiful among Canadian soldiers. Many conditions still forced tens of thousands to seek treatment. Among them were influenza, with some 65,000 ill in 1918-19; gonorrhea with over 45,000 ill in the course of the war; tonsillitis and sore throat with about 20,000 ill; syphilis with approximately 18,000; trench fever (caused by a bacterium transmitted by fleas), though non fatal, struck 18,000; myalgia (muscle pain) made some 15,000 sick, as did intestinal disease.
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF), however, was free of the kinds of epidemic diseases that had caused such ravages in the Crimea, the Spanish-American War and South Africa.
Near the end of the conflict the medical corps did find itself in the midst of one of the great pandemics of human history, the influenza scourge of 1918–19. Killing millions, it can be compared to the plague of Justinian in the 6th century or the Black Death in the 14th. Though 30–50,000 Canadians would succumb to the disease, the great majority were on the home front and not members of the expeditionary force. According to official history, 3825 of those who went overseas died of disease, 776 of influenza.
The CEF still had a problem on its hands, as the illness "flooded the rest station and camps with sick" in the summer of 1918, and "The ailment was peculiar in that, while exhibiting the symptoms of influenza, it ran its course in a week or eight days. It spread rapidly and necessitated the promulgation of extensive and stringent precautionary orders to prevent its spread. All public places such as Unit Entertainments, YMCA Cinema Shows, Estaminets [small French cafés serving alcohol] &c were closed for a time. In the latter places it was permitted to serve drinks at tables outside the buildings."1
Treating Wounds
Such illness was in addition to the medical challenges posed by the weapons of war and by the very ground being fought over. The conflict on the Western Front took place mainly on farmland that had been well-fertilized with manure, and its accompanying bacteria, for decades or centuries. The result, according to Canada's official medical historian of the conflict, was that nearly all wounds were infected. Sulpha drugs would not become available until the 1930s, and antibiotics would have to await another world war before coming into use, so infection was a serious challenge that could only be met by irrigating wounds with available chemicals and convalescence that could last months.
Another danger of wounds on the battlefield was shock due to blood loss, which could be fatal. The simple solution, first attempted in 1916, was to replace the patient's blood with blood drawn from a donor; chemical preservatives and refrigeration allowed for the life-giving fluid to be stored for a period of time, and such blood was being transfused by the end of 1917. One practitioner was Norman Guiou, who recalled in April 1918:
We had our first opportunity to do several transfusions. The dressing station was set up in a Nissen hut, the stretchers were supported on trestles. There were a number of seriously wounded... One lad was brought in on a blood-soaked stretcher, with a shattered humerus - his upper arm swathed in copious blood-soaked dressings. A flicker of pulse was present. He was pale, "starey-eyed", and tossed about and pulled his wound tag off... We bled a donor about 750cc while the chaplain talked to him. If there is a dramatic procedure in medicine it is the blood transfusion. Color came into that lad's cheeks. He raised himself on his good elbow, drank tea, and ate some YMCA fancy biscuits, then was on to the casualty clearing station.2
Psychological Injuries
One final challenge is worthy of mention here, that of psychological injury. According to medical historian Tom Brown, the condition was "the storm centre of military medicine" at that time. Symptoms could include uncontrollable weeping, trembling, paralysis, deafness and other manifestations without known physical causes. At first it was called shell shock, as it was thought that it resulted from the shock wave of an exploding shell damaging the brain, but by the middle part of the war the condition was thought to be purely psychological in nature. The patient could be diagnosed as suffering from hysteria or neurasthenia and could receive shock
treatment, talk therapy or simple rest in a hospital out of earshot of artillery. Most of the Canadian soldiers who suffered from such injuries were sent to No 3 Canadian Stationary Hospital in France, which specialized in such care.
Hospitals serve as examples of just how complex the treatment of sick and wounded soldiers had become by the First World War. Institutions specialized in ear and eye conditions, rheumatism, psychological injury, tuberculosis, orthopaedics, and venereal disease, in addition to general, stationary and convalescent hospitals. In an industrialized war, hospitals could become battlefield targets. Many nursing sisters and patients were killed when a hospital was bombed in 1918. They were among the 504 medical practitioners killed on the battlefield serving with Canadian units; another 127 succumbed to disease.
1Library and Archives Canada, RG 9, III, v.4715, 107-20, Passchendaele to Gouy-en-Artois, June 1918
2Norman Guiou, Transfusion: A Canadian Surgeon's Story in War and Peace (Yarmouth, 1985), 34-35.
Selected Bibliography
McPhail, Andrew. Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great War 1914-19: The Medical Services. Ottawa: Department of National Defense, 1925.
Nicholson, G.W.L. Canada's Nursing Sisters. Toronto: S. Stevens, 1975.
---. Seventy Years of Service: A History of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. Ottawa: Borealis Press, 1977.
Rawling, Bill. Death their Enemy : Canadian Medical Practitioners and War. Ottawa: B. Rawling, 2001.
Engineers on the Western Front
Bill Rawling
Historian, Department of National Defence
The Western Front made huge demands in matériel, lumber being an excellent example. Wood was needed to revet trenches, support the roofs of dugouts, for plank or corduroy roads, and as sleepers for tramways and railways. These tasks became the responsibility of the military engineers, specialized forestry units being formed for the purpose. Lumberjacks, graders and other skilled men from within the lumber industry were recruited. They cut timber and ran their own sawmills to provide a finished product.
The first forestry companies in the war were formed in 1915, in France. More units were created in England to harvest the island's local resources. All of these were gathered into a corps in 1916 that eventually comprised 43 companies, and was of such a scale as to require its own hospital system. The men received more than the normal food rations, considering the fact that they were engaged in continuous hard labour.
Their work, in Britain and France, saved huge amounts in shipping costs, not to mention freeing up lumber supplies for such industrial endeavours as shoring up mines and building trawlers and other vessels. Nor did the forestry corps limit its work to cutting and preparing wood. Many of its units supported the Royal Air Force by clearing, draining, levelling and grading sites for aerodromes. By the time of the Armistice 11,750 men worked within its ranks, with another 6000 attached in various capacities.
Closer to the fighting there was a need for heavy-capacity means of transport to get the prodigious amounts of ammunition, food, water and other necessary matériel to the front line. One solution to such an intimidating logistical problem was the construction of tramways with specialized labour, with other specialists maintaining and operating the tractors and rolling stock. The result was a system of transport similar to that of a large North American city run by the Canadian Railway Troops. The troops worked on the Western Front and also in Palestine, the 1st Bridging Company serving there in the last part of the war. The system was, in fact, a merging of two networks, tramways closer to the front operating with gasoline-powered tractors while light railways a little farther behind used steam power, the whole being linked to France's broad gauge system, which had been built in the decades before the conflict.
In the end, the war became too mobile for railway troops to keep up, and when an Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918, the railways were some 30 kilometres behind the forward troops, in spite of the work of 25,000 railway construction engineers, two-thirds of them Canadian. Still, they had served their purpose in the almost four years of near-static warfare that characterized the Western Front from late 1914 to the summer of 1918.
It became clear in the early months of the First World War that operations above ground were distinctly hazardous, even suicidal, hence the trenches and dugouts in which soldiers took shelter. An obvious course was to begin operating underground, and within the Canadian Corps three specialized tunnelling companies were formed. Recruited in the main among miners and clay-kickers (the latter dug smaller tunnels to run gas and water mains under city streets), they began their work in 1915, and their role was multi-faceted. First, they used the galleries they excavated under enemy lines to listen in on his own work, the aim being to give fair warning if he began to threaten Canadian lines underground. Second, they might pack the galleries with explosives to destroy enemy defences; generally, however, such operations proved disappointing as German forces usually occupied the crater thus created before Canadian or British troops could reach it.
Tunnelling was particularly hazardous. Working underground can release toxic gas capable of disabling or killing, or one could find oneself tunnelling into an enemy gallery, leading to vicious little skirmishes fought with knives and digging tools. When fighting shifted from a mutual siege to more open warfare in 1918, tunnellers applied their skills to other work, disarming booby traps in dugouts and other underground facilities as the Allies advanced towards the German border. In fact, the only Canadian military engineer ever to be awarded the Victoria Cross was Captain C.N. Mitchell, a tunneller who in 1918 removed explosives from a bridge while under attack.
Field Engineering
The most versatile of the engineers operated on the front line. Originally organized in field companies of a hundred men or so, in 1918 they were reorganized into larger battalions and even brigades. Regardless of how they were administered, their tasks were widely varied. Just behind the front line they were responsible for building and maintaining roads, as well as providing water for humans and animals, the latter task requiring some of them at least to possess knowledge of how to locate and test the precious liquid. To give just two examples, part of the preparations for the assault on Vimy Ridge included laying over 40 miles (65 km) of four-inch (10 cm) pipe, with five pumping stations and a total storage capacity of 560,000 gallons. Following the successful advance at Amiens in August 1918, one of the deepest penetrations achieved on the Western Front, the Canadian Corps and its allies found itself in the midst of a plain scorched dry by the summer sun, but engineers needed only two days to locate sufficient water to keep forward troops satiated.
In the front lines proper, sappers, as they were called, dug trenches, or oversaw this work done by the infantry work parties, and prepared defensive positions with the copious use of barbed wire. On occasion, as for a trench raid, for example, they were called upon to destroy such wire, using long cylinders filled with explosive called ammonal tubes or bangalore torpedoes. When that front line advanced, as in 1918, bridging became a most crucial sapper task, as forward movement could not be maintained without ammunition, water, food, and the other necessities of making war, all of which needed to be transported forward on roads or railways, both of which needed bridges to get across rivers and other, similar obstacles. Small structures made of cork sufficed to get the infantry across, while prefabricated materials called Inglis bridges carried heavier loads.
At the time of the Armistice what could be called field engineers (as opposed to railway and forestry troops) could count 14,285 men within their ranks, with responsibilities only somewhat less diverse than their numbers.
Selected Bibliography
Kerry, A.J. and W.A. McDill. The History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, Volume I (1749-1939). Ottawa : Military Engineers Association of Canada, 1962.
Chaplin-Thomas, Charmion, Vic Johnson and Bill Rawling. Ubique! : Canadian Military Engineers : A Century of Service. Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing House, 2003.
Artillery: The Great Killer
Tim Cook
Historian, Canadian War Museum
In 1914 and 1915, artillery proved it was the great killer. For those caught in the open, shrapnel and high explosive shells wreacked havoc. Thousands were left rotting on the battlefields. However, artillery guns were vulnerable to small arms fire, and they could be driven away from the front. But the guns were soon firing indirectly from hidden positions several kilometeres to the rear, still causing terrible damage. Soldiers were forced to find safety in trenches, digging beneath the ground to escape the murderous fire.
As trenches were strengthened with barbed wire, deep dugouts, and machine -guns, an enormous weight of fire was needed to smash the enemy defences and support the infantry. But there were not always enough shells in the early years to feed the guns. And so the infantry were killed in the tens of thousands as they attacked undamaged enemy trenches in frontal assaults. As the war lengthened, artillerymen received nearly unlimited supplies of shells through the enormous production of munitions factories. New tactics were also developed to improve the accuracy of the guns.
Artillery shells contained high explosives, shrapnel, and, later in the war, poison gas and smoke. Both the high explosive and shrapnel shells were timed to detonate in the air above a target. High explosive shells blasted holes in the trenches and the concussion alone could kill, as lungs collapsed under the force of the explosion. Shrapnel shells were equally deadly, consisting of more than 300 rounded metal balls that exploded downward in a cone-shaped rain of whirling metal. As well, the casing of the shell was designed to explode outward, creating jagged, uneven shards of steel that tore through flesh.
By 1916, commanders believed that massive artillery shoots, involving hundreds of thousands of shells, would annihilate the enemy defenders. This would allow the infantry to punch a hole through enemy lines and restore mobility on the Western Front.
However, it was often hard to hit, and then destroy, the narrow and well-fortified trenches. The problem also lay in the shell fuses. Earlier types were not sensitive enough to explode on contact, especially with shells tasked to clear barbed wire. As a result, many of the shells exploded in the ground, killing very few of the enemy, leaving the infantry to fight their way through defences-in-depth. By the end of 1916, newer, sensitive fuses that exploded on the slightest contact harnessed the destructive power of the artillery and, equally important to the infantry, cleared barbed wire from in front of enemy trenches.
Tactics again changed during the later phases of the bloody battles of the Somme in the last half of 1916. The gunners would never be able to destroy all of the German defences, and even one machine -gunner could kill hundreds of attacking infantry. Instead, the artillery sought to suppress enemy fire through a "creeping barrage," and give their own attacking infantry enough time to cross the killing zone of nNo Mman's Lland.
Gunners fired their shells to create a "creeping" wall of fire that slowly moved forward over the enemy lines at fixed intervals: 50 yards (46 m) every couple of minutes, less for muddy ground, more for open warfare. In effect, it was a screen of fire and explosives. As this moving wall of shrapnel and high explosives chewed up the ground in its path, the infantry were told to "lean into the barrage" and stay as close as possible. Although friendly fire was expected and occurred, the casualties would still be lighter than if the creeping barrage moved off and allowed German machine -gunners, waiting in the safety of deep dugouts, to get to the top of their trenches before the infantry crossed nNo Mman's lLand.
At the Battle of Vimy Ridge in April 1917, the gunners had perfected the creeping barrage. Yet enemy gunners still took a fearful toll as they laid down their own counter-barrages to catch the follow-on waves of infantry. The enemy guns had to be stopped, or slowed, but it was exceedingly difficult to identify, target, and destroy camouflaged guns several kilometeres away.
Accurate intelligence was essential, and new and refined forms of science aided the gunners. The Canadian Corps was lucky to have Brigadier-General Andrew McNaughton, commander of the counter-battery office for much of the war, who embraced new technology and tactics. A prewar professor at McGill University, he turned to science to save his soldiers lives.
The Canadian Counter Battery Office (CCBO), established in February 1917, gathered intelligence and processed information on the enemy to assist in knocking out his guns. Aerial reconnaissance from the Royal Flying Corps (later Royal Air Force) was of great assistance as airmen photographed the front from great heights. Later in the war, observation aircraft circled the battlefield, passing real-time information to the gunners through letter drops and primitive wireless radio.
As the CCBO developed after April 1917, this information-gathering and target-selection became more sophisticated, with new technology, like sound-ranging and flash-spotting, assisting gunners to find and destroy enemy targets.
Flash-spotting involved the coordination of observers. At least three posts were needed, usually spread out along several kilometeres. When an enemy gun position was spotted by the revealing flash as the shell left the barrel, the observers were telephoned by headquarters to turn their attention to that spot. After studying the flash of the gun, the observers would hit a key that was connected to a lamp at headquarters. From the observers' bearings, and by triangulating their estimates, enemy guns could be located with high precision.
Sound-ranging worked on a similar principle. Listeners sat two kilometeres behind the line with their microphones. Additional posts were manned well ahead of these positions. As long as there was not more than one shell per second being fired, on hearing the crash of an enemy gun, the forward listening post pressed a key that started an oscillograph, an instrument that recorded on film the sound of the shell in flight as it reached each microphone in turn. The time-intervals between the microphones allowed the CCBO to analyse the information and, if conditions were optimal, pinpoint enemy guns to within twenty-five 25 yards (23 m). All available counter-battery guns would be aimed on that spot to deliver a destructive shoot of 50-100 shells. Chemical shells were also used to kill or force the enemy gunners to wear debilitating respirators that severely affected the rate of fire.
In the last year of the war, artillery had perfected the creeping barrage and was steadily improving its counter-battery work. Further tactical refinement allowed gunners to fire more complicated barrages, like a box barrage. The box barrages set up a wall of fire and explosives around an enemy position —-- usually a trench —-- which effectively isolated it from reinforcements. It allowed assaulting Canadian infantrymen to capture and consolidate a position without fear of immediate counterattack.
By war's end, 43,914 gunners had served in the Canadian artillery, and 2,565 had lost their lives from disease, injury, and battlefield wounds. They had fired tens of millions of shells, reducing the landscape to a desolate wasteland, and an estimated 60% of all wounds were inflicted by shell fire. The First World War was indeed a gunner's war.
Selected Bibliography
Cook, Tim. No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1999.
McNaughton, A.G.L. "Counter-Battery Work." Canadian Defence Quarterly 3, 4 (July, 1926).
McNaughton, A.G.L. "The Development of Artillery in the Great War." Canadian Defence Quarterly 4, 2 (January, 1929).
Nicholson, G.W.L. The Gunners of Canada: The History of the Royal Regiment of the Canadian Artillery, Vol. 1: 1534-1919 Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1967.
Rawling, William. Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps, 1914-1918. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.
Swettenham, John. McNaughton, Volume I. Toronto: The Ryerson Press, 1968.
Other Materials
Unending Seige : Amiens
The scene was now set for toppling the German militarism that in various forms had kept Europe trembling for more than 50 years. Over the long, painful weeks the Allies lived through in the spring of 1918, the Canadians had learned much. They had also had time to rebuild their strength after the successful but costly attacks of 1917.
The sector now reserved for them was that around Amiens. To give the Canadians the advantage of surprise, they were taken 60 kilometres north of the city. Accustomed to having the Australians opposite Amiens, the Germans also knew the Canadians, whom they had seen spearheading British assaults. Two battalions and two first-aid stations were set up in front of Kemmel, where constant traffic of assorted messages was set in motion and picked up by the Germans. Between 30 July and 4 August, in deepest secrecy, the rest of the Canadian Corps descended to the south. Their discretion was facilitated by the gloomy weather, which reduced German air sorties, and the fact that only the division commanders knew the assault target. This secrecy caused numerous logistical problems - for example, the artillery would have almost no time to prepare. Opposite Amiens, the Canadian officers studying the terrain fooled the Germans by wearing the trademark soft hat of the Australian soldiery.
The noise of preparations for the largest mechanized battle ever seen up to that time revealed nothing to the enemy. In spite of all the precautions, however, some German units were wondering about the movements they had detected. Some 604 tanks of all kinds and thousands of horses would give the battle an aspect that was both ancient and modern.
The Black Day of the German Army
Just before dawn on 8 August the attack opened with the firing of 2,000 guns. In addition to the tanks, the soldiers could rely on two motorized machine-gun brigades, a battalion of cyclists to serve the Corps and a section of heavy mortars mounted on trucks. A thousand French and 800 British planes took to the air. During this brilliant assault, which would seriously undermine the morale of the German troops, the Canadians advanced 13 kilometres at the head of an immense front more than 30 kilometres wide. Australians, British and French were also in the attack, their role being to keep clear of the advance of the Canadians, who had more ground to cover to reach their objectives. The Canadians lost 1,036 men killed, 2,803 injured and 29 taken prisoner, losses that were largely offset by their remarkable advance, the most impressive on the western front since 1914. The Germans had to accept 27,000 casualties, including 16,000 taken prisoner - 5,033 of them taken by the Canadians, who also seized 161 artillery pieces and a large number of machine guns and anti-tank guns. Though the Allies were left with only 132 tanks to start with the next day, the Germans had lost seven divisions. The confidence of their High Command was shaken by the realization that its war machine was no longer effective.
An interesting experiment that day involved the use of 30 Mark V tanks to transport the troops of the 4th Division to the opposing trenches. However, many men were bothered by the heat and by the exhaust fumes that entered the passenger compartment. A few fainted; others got out and walked. The drawbacks associated with the Mark Vs could not be rectified and these tanks were not used again during that war.
Canadian Corps Advances
During the night of 8/9 August, the British High Command decided to lend its 32nd Division to the Canadians, who wanted to withdraw their 3rd Division from the front. The Canadians of the 3rd Division had already marched about 10 kilometres to the rear when they were recalled, as the British had changed their minds. The men were exhausted on their return. It was therefore decided to use only one of their brigades at the front, which required the 1st and 2nd divisions to expand the sectors they were covering. Under these conditions the attack of 9 August could not get under way until around 11 am, without the element of surprise of the day before. At a cost of 2,574 casualties, the Canadians took 6.5 kilometres of ground.
The pressure continued to mount for several days, but the momentum of 8 and 9 August was indeed lost. The number of available tanks fell to the point where, on the 12th, there were only six left. Despite their 11,725 casualties from 8 to 20 August, the Canadians had sounded the beginning of the end of the German army by advancing nearly 30 kilometres and securing the ground thus taken. In the whole operation, the Germans recorded 75,000 casualties.
A month earlier the French had seized the initiative from the Germans. In this context, the battle of Amiens would have a decisive impact. It shattered the last hopes of the German High Command, along with any confidence they might have had that their troops still wanted to fight. The success of the Canadian troops was based partly on surprise, the concentration of their strength and co-ordination among the various arms (planes, tanks, guns, machine guns).
Excerpted from : Canadian Military Heritage. Volume 3 : 1872-2000). (http://www.cmhg.forces.gc.ca/cmh/en/page_631.asp)
Reproduced with permission from the Department of National Defence
After Amiens
In the meantime Allied plans on the Western Front were undergoing revision. As early as the evening of August 11, as German resistance stiffened, Marshal Foch had shown himself willing to modify objectives and consider alternatives to further offensive operations on the Amiens front. At that time large-scale operations were due to be resumed on the 15th. But on the 13th General Debeney asked for and received a day's postponement of the assault by his army; and next morning General Rawlinson was given the same extra time in which to complete his preparations. Sir Douglas Haig has revealed in his diary that he shared Rawlinson's misgivings about attacking the well-prepared Roye-Chaulnes defences and that he was resolved that the French First and British Fourth Armies should merely "keep up pressure on that front" in order to hold the enemy's attention, while he prepared to strike elsewhere with the British First and Third
There is no doubt that Rawlinson was considerably influenced by representations made to him by General Currie, upon whose forces the burden of a major share of a renewed offensive must fall. At a meeting on the morning of August 14 the Army Commander showed Haig a letter (accompanied by air photographs taken the previous day of the German positions) in which Currie set forth the arguments against renewing an operation which would "cost a great many casualties" without obtaining adequate results. He suggested that if the attack were found to be absolutely necessary it should be postponed in order to allow time to "recover the element of surprise." He recommended that an alternative, and better, course would be to withdraw the Canadian Corps from the line, and after resting it for a few days employ it on the Arras front in a surprise attack in the direction of Bapaume. An advance in this sector coupled with an attack by the French from their present line, might well force the enemy to abandon his positions west of the Somme without the necessity of a frontal assault.
This last suggestion was in keeping with Haig's own ideas. An exchange of letters with Foch on the 14th brought no agreement about postponing operations at the Somme, and that evening a telegram from the Generalissimo asked Haig "once more to maintain the date already set." The Field Marshal, however, had made up his mind to limit the Somme attack to a series of set stages, and on the afternoon of the 15th he pressed his arguments at Foch's advanced headquarters at Sarcus (twenty miles south-west of Amiens). "I spoke to Foch quite straightly", his diary records, "and let him know that I was responsible to my Government and fellow citizens for the handling of the British forces." Foch's resistance had already been weakened when he learned from General Debeney that morning that the projected attack on Roye "would certainly be difficult", and even if mounted would leave the French forces too weak to maintain it. "I definitely came around to the opinion of Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig", he wrote in his Memoirs, and he agreed that the Amiens offensive should not be pressed.
A new operation order issued by British G.H.Q. directed the Third Army, which was holding a nineteen-mile front north of Albert, without delay to "press the enemy back energetically in the direction of Bapaume"; the Fourth Army while continuing its preparations for an attack would be prepared to follow up any German withdrawal towards the Somme. Farther north the First Army would take advantage of any German retirement to exert pressure south-eastward from the Arras sector; under favourable conditions, it would attack Monchy-le-Preux and Orange Hill.
In a letter confirming his acceptance of Haig's proposals Marshal Foch made it clear that he was depending on the British operations to be developed with sufficient impetus to ensure a resumption of the thrust south of the Somme. He went on to thank Sir Douglas for his cooperation, which had completely freed the Amiens area and the Paris-Amiens railway. For an offensive north of the Aisne he was now going to transfer the French First Army from Haig's command back to Pétain's group of armies. Accordingly the Franco-British boundary was shifted northward to the Amiens-Chaulnes railway, and the relief of the Canadian Corps by French troops began on 19 August.
On the night of August 19-20 the 2nd Canadian Division began moving northward by bus and train to rejoin the First Army in the Arras sector, followed the next night by the 3rd Division. A number of days were to elapse before the 1st and 4th Divisions made the move. General Currie closed his Headquarters at Dury on the 22nd. During the day he called on a number of senior commanders and had the satisfaction of being told by General Byng that the Canadian performance at Amiens was "the finest operation of the war".
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.396-398.


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strange fight, dont think iv seen a fight stopped like that before
Etherington has to of had the most comfortable 8-0 ever
The Bellator HW division is their weakest by far. They need to sign a bunch of young guys and hope they develop.
Sherdog.com - The number one MMA site on the web today!


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Compare General Practice attorneys near you. Read reviews, see Avvo Ratings, and contact them directly.
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The House on Tuesday unanimously passed a bill to designate a 'grazing zone' over and around southern Utah's Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument.
HB382 is needed because grazing in the 1.9 million-acre monument is "severely threatened," according to Rep. Mike Noel, R-Kanab, even though this historic use was specifically authorized under the federal monument's 1996 proclamation. The designation is "an opportunity to identify grazing as a very important use and priority use within the Escalante region in Garfield and Kane County," Noel, himself a cattleman, told colleagues Tuesday.
Noel's claims were backed by lobbyists who alleged that the Bureau of Land Management is not sufficiently accommodating livestock, which forms the backbone of Utah's $16 billion agriculture industry.
"The counties have witnessed time after time where managers have lost their moorings and use the presence of the monument to minimize and take away grazing," Mark Ward, policy director of the Utah Association of Counties, told a House committee on Monday.
But monument manager Rene Berkhoudt, whose staff was not informed of the legislation and was not invited to testify, said he has no idea what these critics are talking about. BLM has taken no steps to reduce grazing allotments, although actual grazing inside the monument has fluctuated over the years in response to changing conditions, said Berkhoudt, reached by phone at his Kanab headquarters.
The monument is home to 82 allotments supporting 102 permittees who used a total 11,000 animal unit months, or AUMs, last year. Some environmental groups do lobby to evict livestock from public land because of overgrazing's toll on taxpayers and a fragile desert ecology. The $1.35 the feds charge per AUM falls far short of covering the grazing program's costs, leading some groups to ridicule public-lands grazing as "welfare ranching."
These groups expect to call for reductions in monument grazing when BLM initiates its long-overdue programmatic review of grazing's environmental impacts this year.
The proposed grazing zone encircles the monument and covers pieces of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Dixie National Forest.


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GothenburgStockholm may get all the attention, but Gothenburg gets the students. And this university town is practically vibrating with youthful energy. Here, hip cafes in artistic districts like Vasastan, Haga, and Linné overflow with creativity, while the fashion crowd buzzes about the shop-lined Östra Hamngatan. Of course, Gothenburg hotels also fill up with folks who come for boat trips down the Göta River, which runs through the city, or to take in the city's grand old canals, lovely parks, verdant gardens, or one its many fine museums, such as Konstmuseet. There's something else to be said for having one of Europe's largest student populations: Not only does everyone seem as if they might be up for anything at the drop of hat, but prices tend to be much lower than in Stockholm—good news that keeps hotels in Gothenburg filled with adventurous spirits not snobs. Below find a list of our selection of boutique and luxury Gothenburg hotels.
Elite Plaza HotelGothenburg
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Wonderfully located in the heart of Gothenburg, the Elite Plaza is a carefully understated melding of past and present and a perfect place for business and leisure travelers alike.


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I've read about the ability of truecrypt to create a hidden Operating System.
Now my question is:
Is this possible for the combination of Win 7 as Decoy OS and Backtrack 5 as hidden OS?
I've also read about this szenario being realized in this Thread which has a perfect step by step guide:
But in this case both partitions are just encrypted and none is hidden.
I would like the first partition with Win 7 on it to be freely accessible and the second partition to be encrypted with alibi hidden files for the Win 7 Partition and the Backtrack 5 OS as hidden OS on it.
So that on booting the PC I will just be asked for a password to unlock the hidden files.
I can then enter the decoy password and will have my windows 7 with the decoy files from the encrypted partition.
But I could also enter the super secret password noone knows about to just boot in my secret backtrack 5 system.
This way I can justify my second encrypted partition.


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Hi everyone.
Firstly clearly I'm a newbie with everything security related, and I figure I'll be straight with you all as to what I'm looking into rather than shitty euphemisms like "I forgot my Facebook password can someone hack it for me lolz". If the answer is no that's fine I'm just curious.
Looking into pen testing has been amazing for me. I'm finding it so interesting and reading a ton of books, watching a ton of videos and spending weeks on testing out different things in a pen lab. To me it's almost like waking up and looking at the internet in a new way, something extremely cool. My biggest urge now though is to try and find out how secure lots of different places are, and what "real world" security is like. It seems in a pen lab there is always a vulnerability, always a known result, and almost like a forgone conclusion. It seems so exciting to spot something "in the wild". Writing it down it sounds so geeky but hey, you guys probably understand.
Saying all that, I am genuinely not in it to damage something that isn't mine or have any malicious motivations at all, only my curiosity. My question then becomes - is there any way to explore a server in the real world, detecting vulnerabilities and finding out what could be done, but maintaining legality because you never actually exploit he system? If anything you could possibly notify the owners of the vulnerability. I'm thinking the answer will be no, but your advice is appreciated.


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Hilary Mason on Big Data: What It's Good for Is Still an Open Question
Looking for the next big idea in big data?
Hilary Mason has one for you. Mason, a big-data rock star — she's the former chief data scientist at the URL-shortening company Bit.ly and data scientist-in-residence at the venture capital firm Accel Partners – in July launched a consultancy called Fast Forward Labs. The startup has an unusual business model. Instead of building software, it publishes a pricey newsletter detailing the latest data-mining technologies.
Mason aims to make her quarterly newsletter a must-read for executives looking to capitalize on big data – a term that, despite its ubiquity, confuses many business executives, according to a recent survey by Forrester Research In the survey, more than 90 percent of respondents expressed significant interest but said they had no plans to implement a big-data project in the coming year. Mason and her three Fast Forward colleagues intend to detail successful strategies in their newsletter and then consult with customers directly to implement them. And she's looking beyond the usual tech suspects; early customers include unnamed companies in media, consumer goods, and defense contracting.
Mason, 35 years old, has a refreshingly critical perspective on big data. In a sit-down interview in her new office at the juncture of Manhattan's Chinatown and Lower East Side, she questioned the state of the art. "What predictive algorithms are actually really good for is still an open question," she said. "It was sold for a long time as they are going to know everything about you and everything you are going to do, but of course they don't. They're actually fairly terrible."
Mason is an optimist, of course, and she's exploring alternatives to current products such as Hadoop, the free-of-charge data repository initially developed by Google and Yahoo. Where Hadoop stores data in chunks, she's interested in the ability to analyze data streams in real time. For instance, she developed a system at Bit.ly to analyze Twitter and Facebook updates as they arrived. The same approach could be applied to logistics, she says, where it might analyze packages moving through a warehouse to eliminate surges and bottlenecks.
A recent newsletter examined software that generates written content such as news reports. Two startups developing this technology, Automated Insights and Narrative Science, offer computer-generated financial reports for consulting companies and news articles about Little League games. Associated Press plans to put Automated Insights' bots to work "writing" corporate earnings stories. The Fast Forward team spent months building software to identify commonly used real estate adjectives and determine whether terms like "cozy" and "spacious" correlate with actual ranges of square footage (it does). Then they showed clients how to use such tools to generate copy for online real estate listings and other ads.
The result: Plug in a bit of information about an apartment rental – say, three bedrooms, Lower East Side, laundry in building, gym – and Fast Forwards' algorithm spits out the full copy for a listing: "Spectacular three bedroom, two bathroom duplex penthouse loft with sprawling roof terrace offers oversize Great Room with sleek open kitchen and gracious fireplace. A pet-friendly building with many amenities including a full laundry room and storage."
Priced at $35,000 for an annual subscription, Mason's newsletter isn't intended for young entrepreneurs, academic researchers, journalists, or anyone else with shallow pockets. She's betting that companies are so eager for good ideas – and so lacking in expertise to develop them – that they'll happily pay up.
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Jared Kushner Discloses Dozens More Assets in Revised Financial Filing
Sean Spicer Faced Myriad Obstacles During Dramatic Rise and Fall


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Director goes behind the scenes of Jay Z & Beyonce's movie trailer
Listen to Jay Z on iHeartRadio | Listen to Beyonce on iHeartRadio
Director Melina Matsoukas is giving a behind the scenes look at the making of Jay Z and Beyoncé's recently released fake movie trailer.
In an interview with Elle, Matsoukas says the video isn't a trailer, but "a music video for his song 'Part II (On The Run)'" from his recent album Magna Carta Holy Grail. Apparently, Jay wanted to visualize the song in a unique way and Matsoukas came up with the idea to make a trail "for this blockbuster that you'll never see." While Beyoncé was "really excited" about the idea, Jay was hesitant to take on an acting role.
As for the video's star-studded cast, Matsoukas says all the "cameos came last minute." She even credits Jay Z for putting in a call to Sean Penn, who came ready to film on short notice. Sean even improvised his own dialogue after a short discussion with Jay about his character. Matsoukas says the resulting scene is one of her favorites.
In case you missed it, check it out below (Warning: Graphic content):


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Country community mourning death of singer Wayne Mills
Listen to Wayne Mills Band on iHeartRadio
Blake Shelton is among those expressing his grief over the death of fellow country singer Wayne Mills.
Nashville's "Tennessean" says Mills was shot early Saturday morning at the Nashville bar Pit and Barrel. Bar owner Chris Ferrell admits to the shooting. He's told police Mills was smoking in the bar which led to an argument that escalated, and the shooting was in self-defense. Nashville police spokeswoman Kris Mumford says no arrests have been made yet, and the matter is still under investigation. Mills was 44.
Shelton tweeted Sunday that he's "extremely sad" to hear about Mills' death, calling him an "old friend."
Extremely sad to hear about the death of my old friend Wayne Mills @WayneMillsBand... Rest in peace brother. Love you Carol.
— Blake Shelton (@blakeshelton) November 24, 2013
Shelton, Jamey Johnson, and former "American Idol" winner Taylor Hicks are among those who worked with Mills earlier in their careers, opening shows for the Wayne Mills Band.
My good friend Wayne Mills passed away in Nashville. My thoughts and prayers are with his family. RIP Wayne he was my buddy.
— Taylor Hicks (@taylorhicks) November 24, 2013


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Airdrop-ng is now in the repo as well.
Removed link to Archangel's post on installing airdrop as normal install through repo preferred.
For the installation of airdrop-ng, I followed the post by Archangel.Amael post however airdrop now available in the repo as per below advice from Pureh@te & Archangel.Amael
In the video I have only let airdrop run long enough to get some detail on some different types of options,
however those options were tested on my network and worked.
Testing airdrop-ng in Backtrack 4
Last edited by TAPE; 03-03-2010 at 07:15 PM. Reason: removed link so preferred method of install used.
Airdrop-ng is now in the repo as well.
So everyone can use the repo instead to install airdrop-ng.
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install l airdrop-ng


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hi guys, just wondering what kind of weight training routines you follow.
I got intersted in mma after weight training, i was weight training 4-5 times a week, obviously to train seriously in mma u couldnt do this and have a job too ( well i couldnt as my job is also fairly physical).
Would u just do a full body workout 2-3 times a week and as much martial arts as possible.
Just interested on how u guys do it.


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GSA Goes on Ten-City Tour to Reach Small, Minority-Owned, and Women-Owned BusinessesBriefings to Provide Specific Training on Contracting Opportunities with the Government
October 15, 1998
Contact: April Kaufman
WASHINGTON, DC -- The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) today announced a national "Ten-City Tour" to reach out to small, minority-owned, and women-owned businesses interested in contracting opportunities with GSA's Federal Supply Service schedules program. GSA schedules are the Federal government's preferred source for products and services.
Dietra Ford, Associate Administrator for Enterprise Development, made the announcement at the University of Maryland during the Women's Economic Summit '98, where 500 women business owners, members of women's business organizations, and leaders from the public, private, and academic sectors gathered to foster women's business enterprises.
"The Office of Enterprise Development is committed to helping GSA meet and exceed the President's mandate to award 5% of the government's contract dollars to women entrepreneurs," Ford said. The role of the office is to increase the participation of small, minority-, and women-owned businesses in Federal procurement.
The Ten-City Tour continues GSA's aggressive outreach to get more firms owned by women and minorities on GSA schedules. Briefings will provide specialized training on how to prepare a successful offer for a schedules contract. They will also give potential contractors opportunities to interact with procurement officials from Federal agencies that use GSA schedules contracts.
GSA's procurements with women-owned businesses increased from $97 million in 1992 to $352 million as of August 1998. Seventy-seven percent of the 7,000 schedules contracts are held by small businesses. Eight percent of current schedules contracts are held by women-owned businesses, and 5% are held by minority-owned and small, disadvantaged businesses.
"These numbers are a result of the Clinton Administration clearing the decks for small businesses to do business with the government," said Ford. "This Administration's commitment to small and minority- and women-owned businesses has led to many initiatives that really benefit America's 8 million women business owners."
The first stop on GSA's Ten-City Tour will be Kansas City, MO, on November 10, 1998. For dates of briefings in the following cities, check GSA's Office of Enterprise Development Web site at http://www.gsa.gov/oed.
Boston, MA
New York, NY
Atlanta, GA
Minneapolis, MN
Fort Worth, TX
Philadelphia, PA
Atlanta, GA
Denver, CO
Los Angeles, CA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
San Juan, Puerto Rico


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by Joseph Smith Sr.
The poker sphere lost one of the last old-school characters last Monday, August 8, 2014. Following a routine hip surgery, Tony Korfman succumbed to life-ending complications. He was a man of many talents – author, casino executive, and poker player _ whom lived most of his adult life at his home in Boulder City, Nevada.
The Bronx, New York native is a graduate of The University of San Francisco. In 1966 he married his lifelong wife, Linda, in Carson City, Nevada.
His career in executive casino management included the CEO position at The Gold Strike Casino and the Edgewater in Nevada. He is listed as a working author of five books on Amazon. Of Note, the 'how to gamble' series of books have one thing in common, thay all include the word 'humorous' in the title.
Tony Kaufman's poker resume shows a documented career earnings record of $355,320. This includes the $217,503 he collected in the 2007 WSOP Seniors Event #41 when he finished in second place. The photo with this article shows him at play in that event on Day 2.
At the poker table he could be one of the funniest people you had ever played with and never knew what he would say next. He could also be one of the most abrasive, berating individuals you had ever run across. There seemed to be no static state with Tony Korfman, he attacked life with a passion.
Having photographed Korfman on numerous occasions I always knew that going to his table would be an experience. The other players would be close to tears from laughing so hard or plotting his demise. The poker world truly lost one of the last of the true poker characters when Tony Korfman left us.
A Celebration of Life will be held for Tony Korfman this Saturday, August 23, 2014 at 2 PM at the Boulder Creek Golf Club, 1501 Veterans' Memorial Drive in Boulder City.


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February 04, 2010 at 09:29:14 Feb 04, 2010 @ 09:29
Originally posted by Inactive Useryo, I never figured out how to speed up and slow down samples in there, like the Dr. Rex would allow you to change the pitch and shit but not like actually change the tempo (although I was using an old version so it might be easier now),
You can do it two ways. With Recycle (a separate program developed by Propellerhead) you can edit .wav samples and change their pitch, tempo, EQ, normalize, etc etc. That's usually what I do before I load my samples up in Dr Rex. Or you could use the NNXT and do it the more complicated way.
I'll find you some good tutorials and edit later. But in the meantime, torrent Recycle lol.


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I mean, what about the new iPod touches?
i knew it....
so is it official. the 12th is release date? Can i sell my ip4? also can i purchase in NZ as soon as its released?
upgrade question since were a bit off track anyway...
I don't mind buying outright to keep my unlimited data but I want to give my 4s to my wife.She has a dumb phone so I'll have to have data added to her line. Can I add data without going to the whole shared thing?
I hope I am wrong. I will get one for my wife to get her off the Crapberry, but I will be keeping my 4S.
I know it will fit in the hand different but I dont care, I really try to type or use one hand to much risk of a drop.


text: I think there will be more younger players replacing older on this team in the next two yrs. If you listen to Jerry he is fascinated with how the Niner and Seahawks have been built. These teams are young and conditioned very very good. Especially San Fran. And it showed in the superbowl. After that blackout Niners young legs and body were the highlight. Ravens with older vets were tight while the Niners handled it easily. And it showed. This yr i can see players like: Ratliff Sensabaugh Spears Connor Livings all gone for younger, cheaper talent. And then in 2014 Austin, Hatcher, maybe a suprise Elite cut. Its turned into a fast pace NFL. Where younger and better conditioned teams are going to win. Dallas has been going that route but the problem has been the core of their team(elite) has some age on them. Dallas needs to hit on this offseason. For one, because they dont have the cap room to sign the better younger talent in FA,


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Gigabyte Technology has revealed more details about the 10.1-inch Touch Note T1028 series netbook that it showcased at CeBIT 2009.
The Touch Note T1028 series adopts Intel's Atom N270 CPU and 945GSE chipset and features a rotatable touchscreen panel. The T1028 will be launched on March 20 this year with prices starting at NT$17,900 (US$510).
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- 2015 global tablet demand forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
- 2015 China smartphone panel trend forecast
This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.


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The degree to which public schools should accommodate the religious beliefs of students, especially the growing number of Muslim students, is very much an open question. But I'm pretty sure this policy in a Maryland school would be found unconstitutional by a court if challenged:
But a Prince George's County high school principal believes she has found a way to accommodate Muslim students: She gives those with parental permission and high grades a pass out of class every day to pray.
At Parkdale High School, about 10 Muslim students get out of class for about eight minutes each day to pray together on campus, said Principal Cheryl J. Logan. Another student is working hard to raise his grades so he too can join the group of students, who belong to the school's chapter of the Muslim Students' Association, she said.
I can't imagine this would pass constitutional muster. The school should either accommodate the Muslim prayers or not; they can't condition that accommodation on some other behavior that isn't related to the issue. If the accommodation is reasonable under the Free Exercise clause, it's reasonable for all Muslim students, not just the ones with a certain grade point average.
And this part of the article is rather disturbing:
When Muslim students began praying during the school day at Parkdale, she said, some Christian teachers got upset and told the students that "it was a Christian school."
Those teachers should have been disciplined for that very, very clear violation of the law. I doubt they were.


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Cleveland Ray, LPCMH, NCC, MA
Licensed Professional Counselor of Mental Health
17527 Nassau Commons Blvd. Suite 101, Lewes, Delaware 19958
I provide Christian Counseling. Spirituality is a part of the life experience for many, and this element is an important one in the healing process. I meet the client where they are in their spiritual journey. The spiritual experience is client centered and I incorporate spirituality into the healing process for the client. Clinical treatment is based on the presenting issues of the client and Christian Counseling can help.


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BeMyInterviewer is for anyone that wants to be successful at interviews.
Using our interactive videos, you can practise and perfect your interview technique with the help of leading industry professionals. We'll provide you with valuable and practical advice to prepare you for the toughest questions and interview scenarios you are likely to face.
Most importantly, we want to help you feel confident and ready to answer any question thrown at you.
To do that, we've assembled a panel of successful businesspeople to interview you. In addition to their difficult questions, they're going to give you invaluable guidance on how to answer them. With this knowledge you'll be calmer, more collected and in a stronger position to win over your next interviewer.
To start, select an interviewer from the photos above or choose a topic or interviewer from the options on the left. If you pick an interview topic, a selection of our interviewers will provide you with advice on that subject.
Don't be caught out at your next interview. Prepare by watching these essential interview tips from our experienced interviewers. This training will give you greater self-confidence ready for your next job interview - and help spell the end of dread, jitters and sweaty palms!


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Meet Julia
Sesame Street's newest Muppet has autism. Meet Julia this Monday on HBO and PBS. Then discuss the anticipated episode with fans.
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I've replied to a few of the pregnancy ones with biology questions, and one actually attempted an answer before giving up.
^^^ "Not really! I was able to pay him with the money I saved on food!"
Right, you were not the audience for his questions. He was trying to paint a picture for those who could only hear one side if the conversation:Evil bank, didn't know who he was, incompetent trainee on phone, couldn't fix the problem, wouldn't transfer to supervisor. Obviously not his fault he can't pay!
After YEARS of hearing about "guys who sell meat from a freezer in the back of their pickup", we finally had a visit from them last year! No, I did not buy any - not interested in meat or seafood that I don't know the history of, and that I can't get a refund on if it turns out to be no good.
Greetings,If interested please get back to me immediately.I have an urgent business proposal for you, I know that this mail will come to you as a surprise as we never met before,I am Norman Chan from Hong Kong,
Page created in 0.204 seconds with 18 queries.


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If this guy ever posts his $1M bail and gets acquitted, he has a good shot at getting a reality show or a modeling contract.
Ben Stiller and Christine Taylor in Italy.
Chris Colfer waited in line to meet Hillary Clinton yesterday in LA.
Channing Tatum walks his baby in Vancouver.
Portia and Ellen in NYC.
Ellen Pompeo looks like she came straight from the shower or pool.
Ellen Page got a new hat.
George Clooney in his first role ever as an extra in Centennial.
Lady GaGa got in trouble with PETA because of the clip on earrings she makes her dog wear.


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COLUMBIA, Ky. -- Lindsey Wilson College
had a light schedule of classes this summer, but that has not meant
its A.P. White Campus has been a place of inactivity.
The campus has been the site of numerous camps, conferences
and meetings throughout the summer, adding to Columbia-Adair
County's tourism bottom line.
A total of 19 summer camps were scheduled for this summer at
LWC, meaning that at any given time 400 people are on campus. At
times this summer, almost 600 guests have been on campus -- most of
whom are from outside Columbia-Adair County.
One of the biggest summer events is EDGE, a one-day
orientation program for new LWC students. EDGE -- which stands for
education, development, growth and experience -- is a daylong
orientation program for incoming freshmen. The day introduces
freshmen to the LWC community and gives them several opportunities
to meet the college's faculty, staff and students. LWC holds a
total of five EDGE days during the summer.
The Kentucky YMCA will was in Columbia-Adair County as part
of its Kentucky Leadership Conference. The YMCA event
attracted about 300 kids -- from middle school to high
Earlier in the summer, the Rodgers Explorers spent several
days on the A.P. White Campus. This year a total of 30 rising
ninth-graders from the region spent several days on campus where
they took classes and learned about leadership.
This summer has also featured plenty of sports-related camps.
Basketball camps were held in the Doris and Bob Holloway Health
& Wellness Center, a football camp was held at Blue Raider
Stadium and soccer camps are being held this week at Walter S.
Reuling Stadium.
LWC has also hosted several events for The United Methodist
Church. Earlier in the summer, three dozen men and women from the
region attended the United Methodist License for Pastoral Ministry
School, a program for aspiring ministers. And early this month,
several dozen women attended the annual School of Christian Mission
for the Women's Division of The United Methodist Church


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State of Rhode Island
Department of Health
"If you are really and truly not going to sell to children, you are going to be out of business in 30 years." - Bennett LeBow, CEO of Brook Group Ltd. makers of Lark and L&M cigarettes
Tobacco industry documents prove that young people have long been viewed as the best source of replacement smokers. In order to get and keep our kids hooked, Big Tobacco has gotten creative. New lines of flavored and dissolvable tobacco products, in candy-like packaging, make tobacco easy to use and easy to conceal. Do you know what's in your child's backpack? Read more about what to look for and how to talk to your kids about the dangers of these new products.
If you are a parent and you smoke, the single most important thing you can do for your health and that of your children is to QuitNowRI.


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Traffic Deaths Down In 2014
There have been fewer traffic deaths, but more drug and DUI arrests in Ohio during the first half of 2014, according to statistics from the Ohio State Highway Patrol.
Catching drug runners has been getting more of a focus from troopers over the past couple of year.
"When it comes to drug arrests what we're seeing thus far in 2014 is an increase of about 19 percent," said Sgt. Vincent Shirey.
To start the year, troopers have made more than 5,600 drug arrests.
Troopers have also arrested more drivers for DUI.
"Are folks drinking more than they were a couple of years ago? I don't know if that's the case, but I can tell you that there are more troopers on the roadways and we're doing all we can to remove those impaired motorists," Shirey said.
While drug and DUI arrests are up, the number of people killed on Ohio roadways is down. Last year saw a record-low 990 traffic deaths in Ohio.
"We're ahead of even those record-numbers thus far throughout the year," he said.
Montgomery County has seen the biggest decrease in traffic deaths from last year at 22. Columbiana County has seen the biggest increase with 9 more deaths this year than last.
There were 66 more traffic deaths at the beginning of July 2013 than this year.


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Facebook Is Still Using You
Facebook says it'll continue to use you in online ads.
Facebook has updated its privacy policies, and people were hoping there would be some changes made to how Facebook uses people in its ads.
But the social network reaffirmed its position that they're able to use postings and personal information from the more than 1 billion user accounts for advertising purposes.
Facebook had reached a 20 million dollar settlement in August on a class action lawsuit that claimed the company's "Sponsored Stories" platform shared users' "likes" without paying them or allowing them to opt out.
The new guidelines were posted on Facebook's blog Friday.
- Rob Archer


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Discussion in 'Fan Zone' started by Cbz40, Oct 23, 2006.
Please post your comments and thoughts about the game in this thread.
Thank You.
All threads pertaining to the game will be be merged into the game thread.
OK...I have my Dr Pepper, Wife locked in her room, dog in the back yard, Oxygen mask, Heart stimulator (Whiskey), and batch of Gin & Tonic in the pitcher (just in case). I think I'm ready.
Guys & Gals we need this one ..... are you ready to go take it????????
Old people are so melodramatic.
I beg your pardon........speaking of kicking buttttttttt
no pea salad?
Testing... 1... 2... 3... Testing... 1... 2... 3...
Good Luck Cowboys!
GO COWBOYS! Let's Win this thing!
They are going through Parcells soundbites to his players in NY and currently in Dallas.
One of the things they showed was him yelling at someone,
"You listen because you CANNOT play if you don't do what I tell ya. Don't do what I say, and you can't play!"
He was yelling at Rob Pettitti.
Go Cowboys! Protect Drew O-line.
man I'm pumped for this game! The oline better protect Drew!
That's always ready.......I sent a bowl to ELI.....he! he! he!
To heck with luck Dallas. Don't let luck bail you out of this game.
Win it with talent and execution.
i raced home from a government function i had to attend for school, i thought the game started at 8 so i am delighted to see i havnt missed anything but the pregame!!!!!
Go Cowboys!!!
GO Dallas...win big...well, just win.
OK, off to watch the game. Was going out, but decided to just stay home, need to get up early. Off to the big screen.
so that must garrantee around 3 ints? right?
This game can't start fast enough.
Put it in the bank......
No Dumb Penalties, Flo, Hurd, Roy, Witten, Fasano, Rivera!!!


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Cleveland firefighter laid to rest
(Cleveland) -- Full fire department honors were given Monday to Cleveland Fire Lt. William L. Walker, who was shot dead in the driveway of his home on Sunday, Nov. 3.
Hundreds turned out for a civil service held at Cleveland Public Auditorium. The casket was brought in on a city fire truck. Walker's family greeted mourners before the service.
Firefighter Lt William Walkers casket on back of fire truck. @19ActionNews pic.twitter.com/cRRomTzsRb— Brian Duffy (@brianduffy19) November 11, 2013
Walker was described by Cleveland Safety Director Martin Flask as "a devoted member of the Cleveland Divison of Fire for 15 years. He was our brother in servie and a friend to many in the community."
Walker was shot outside his home on Lampson Avenue and died as a result of his injuries. Cleveland Police are still searching for a suspect and a motive. Anyone with information can call the homicide unit at 216-623-5464.
Get breaking news sent to your mobile phone.Text "news" to 21095.
(Copyright 2013 Clear Channel, all rights reserved.)