text:
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6
04103 Leipzig
phone: +49 (341) 3550 - 0
fax: +49 (341) 3550 - 119
e-mail: info@[>>> Please remove the brackets! <<<]eva.mpg.de
Research Report
Contact: Sandra Jacob (e-mail: info@[>>> Please remove the brackets! <<<]eva.mpg.de, phone: +49 (0) 341-3550 122)
Activity report
2017: Social determinants of human communication [full text -German]
2016: Genetic adaptation to levels of dietary selenium in recent human history [full text - German]
2015: The evolution of the human brain [full text - German]
2014: A world atlas of contact languages [full text - German]
2013: Competition, cooperation and hormones in chimpanzees and bonobos [full text - German]
2012: Collaboration in Young Children [full text - German]
2011: What we can learn from spit [full text - German]
2010: The Ravages of Time [full text - German]
2009: Words as Migrants [full text - German]
2008: New insights into the tool-using behaviors of wild chimpanzees [full text - German]
2007: Do chimpanzees know what others see - or only where they look? [full text- German]
2006: The evolution of mRNS expression in humans and chimpanzees [full text - German]
Research Report 2017
Like no other medium, language transports meaning in interactions. Recent studies highlight (1) how meaning is constituted through shared social experience in interactions with preverbal infants, (2) that different social contexts can modify the meaning of gestures in the second year of life, and (3) that young children can establish meaning in original ways when encountering cooperative contexts that limit the use of linguistic communication.
Reseach Report 2016
The micronutrient selenium is an essential part of the human diet. As humans migrated out of Africa about 60,000 years ago they came to settle in environments with vastly differing selenium levels. Researchers of the Department of Evolutionary Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have found evidence that human populations who live in regions that provide insufficient dietary selenium show signals of adaptation in the genes that use or regulate selenium.
Research Report 2015
The evolution of the human lineage is tightly linked to the evolution of the brain. To better understand the evolutionary changes in brain development, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology compare the cranial bones of recent modern humans to those of our closest living and fossil relatives.
Research Report 2014
A new comprehensive database on grammatical structures of 76 contact languages provides insight into the origin of these languages, which arose in colonial times, as well as into general laws of the creation of mixed languages. The original languages of the indigenous populations in the colonial areas can be recognized by the clear grammatical traces that they left.
Research Report 2013
The study of similarities and differences in behavior and physiology between humans and great apes allow for a better understanding of human evolution. Researchers of the Department of Primatology at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig investigate with the help of behavioral observations and the measurement of physiological parameters in the urine of free living apes how competition and cooperation influence the excretion of a number of hormones.
Research Report 2012
One of the most remarkable capacities of human beings is their ability to work together, to solve problems or to create things that no individual could have solved or created on its own. In current studies, researchers look at the early ontogeny of children's abilities for collaboration and provide evidence that young children have species-unique skills and motivations of shared intentionality, including skills such as forming joint goals and joint attention with others, along with cooperative motives for helping others and sharing with others.
Research Report 2011
More than 90 percent of the human body is made of bacterial cells. Studying genetic variation in bacteria has provided confirmation of insights into human population history from studies of human genetic diversity, and novel insights that go beyond those studies. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have begun characterizing variation in the human saliva microbiome. They aim to understand the factors that influence an individual's saliva microbiome and to identify particular bacterial species that might be informative for studies of human population history.
Research Report 2010
Due to their mineralized content, teeth are by far the most commonly preserved remains in the human fossil record. The structure of the basic modules of teeth provides clues about the development and diet of humans and their fossil ancestors as well as their relation to the environment. Scientists of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology make use of this biological source of information to find out in which ways modern humans differ from other primates and when and how the fossil ancestors of modern humans passed the threshold to anatomical and cultural modernity.
Research Report 2009
Whenever languages come into contact with each other, lexical borrowing also takes place. Such loanwords can provide interesting information about historical relations. In working out the genealogical relationship of languages across long time periods, however, it is often difficult to decide whether words that sound similar are to be attributed to common ancestry or to the influence of contact. A comparative project of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology for the first time identifies general trends in lexical borrowing across the languages of the world.
Research Report 2008
With the exception of humans, chimpanzees show the most diverse and complex tool using behaviors of all existant species. Primatologists at the Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology are using new research methods to study chimpanzee tool use in the dense forests of the Congo Basin. They are discovering complex technological skills among these apes that expand current perceptions of chimpanzee cognition and material culture.
Research Report 2007
A variety of recent studies suggest that apes know what other individuals do and do not see. The results of each study may be explained by postulating some behavioural rule that individuals have learned that does not involve an understanding of seeing. The patchiness of coverage gives this kind of explanation a very ad hoc feeling, especially since there is rarely any concrete evidence that animals actually have had the requisite experiences to learn the behavioural rule – there is just a theoretical possibility. It is thus more plausible to hypothesize that apes really do know what others do and do not see in many circumstances.
Research Report 2006
Using the human genome sequence, the just published chimpanzee genome sequence, and measured expression levels of genes in several different tissues, the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology has been studying the evolution of mRNA expression in these closely related species. The data indicates that most of the thousands of observed changes in gene expression have not been selected due to beneficial effects. Selection against deleterious effects shows a strong pattern. Curiously, it seems that tissues differ in the level that they are affected by mutations: thus liver is least constrained, and allows most changes, whereas brain allows least. We also see indications that more changes in gene expression occurred in brain during the evolution of humans than occurred during the evolution of chimpanzees since both of them diverged from their last common ancestor.


text:
Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of the tear-producing gland (lacrimal gland).
Acute dacryoadenitis is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection. Common causes include mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, staphylococcus, and gonococcus.
Chronic dacryoadenitis is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders. Examples include sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor.
- Swelling of the outer portion of the upper lid, with possible redness and tenderness
- Pain in the area of swelling
- Excess tearing or discharge
- Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ear
Exams and Tests
Dacryoadenitis can be diagnosed by examination of the eyes and lids. Special tests such as a CT scan may be required to search for the cause. Sometimes biopsy will be needed to be sure that a tumor of the lacrimal gland is not present.
If the cause of dacryoadenitis is a viral condition such as mumps, simple rest and warm compresses may be all that is needed. For other causes, the treatment is specific to the causative disease.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Most patients will fully recover from dacryoadenitis. For conditions with more serious causes, such as sarcoidosis, the prognosis is that of the underlying condition.
Possible Complications
Swelling may be severe enough to put pressure on the eye and distort vision. Some patients first thought to have dacryoadenitis may turn out to have a malignancy of the lacrimal gland.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if swelling or pain increase despite treatment.
Mumps can be prevented by immunization. Infection with gonococcus, the bacteria causing gonorrhea, can be avoided by the use of safe sex practices. Most other causes cannot be prevented.
Karesh JW, On AV, Hirschbein MJ. Noninfectious orbital inflammatory disease. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Ophthalmology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 35.
Durand ML. Periocular infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 114.
Review Date: 9/3/2012
Reviewed By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director and Director of Didactic Curriculum, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington. Franklin W. Lusby, MD, Ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's a deceptively simple question: "Are you retired?" But the answer can be far more complicated.
Elul has arrived —- the Jewish month of transitions, of reflection on the year gone by and preparation for the new year ahead. For me, 5773 has been a year of illness and dependence, of pain and depression and finally, during the last few months, of burgeoning hope. As I contemplate 5774, the year to come, I know that one experience will recur that never fails to throw me.
It begins like this: "Are you retired?" they ask. And I, who usually plunge into conversation, hesitate to respond. How to answer this particular query? I muse; a simple "yes" or "no" just won't do. My life has changed, but am I retired? Seeking a grounded answer, I checked out some dictionary definitions of the word. After all, the hesitation in responding might be due to personal misunderstanding rather than the actual implications of the word.
According to the dictionary, to retire means to retreat, to withdraw, to move away, or — in the case of baseball since 1874 — to be put out. It was back in 1648 that the term was first used to indicate that one had left an occupation. Until then, it meant that you had gone to bed or withdrawn to another room. Antonyms to retiring include: advancement, rebuilding, staying and revamping. Ironically the antonyms seem more suited to my current situation than the synonyms! If the term had the sole connotation of transitioning from one occupation or life focus to another, I'm sure that its use would not be so disturbing to me.
Once fully engaged in the search for a pithy and accurate positive answer to the "Are you retired?" question, I consulted family and friends over lunches and dinners, in the United States, London and Jerusalem, seeking the perfect rejoinder. Here are some of the suggested possible responses, with their weaknesses spelled out:
No, I'm rewired — sounds too mechanical;
No, I'm freelancing — used at all life-cycle stages;
No, I'm a consultant — catch-all used by anyone out of work;
No, I'm retreading — sounds like I am a tire;
No, I'm recalculating — sounds like I am my own GPS;
No, I'm between gigs — or working but not getting paid;
No, I'm in never-ending pre-retirement transition — sounds contrived;
No, I'm transitioning for a better tomorrow — sounds like a discount broker commercial;
No, I'm looking for what God wants me to do — sounds presumptuous;
No, I'm resting on my laurels — sounds self-satisfied;
No, I'm a pensioner — Israeli & European term — most of us in the United States don't have pensions anymore (Can you even say I'm a 401Ker?);
No, I'm choosing the color of my parachute — too 1970s and 80s;
No, I'm looking for what I want to do when I grow up — too flip;
No, I'm rebooting — I sound like my own computer;
No, I'm reinventing myself — not bad but not just right, either;
And so, dear reader, whether you are a baby boomer, part of generation X or Y or even a millenial, I need your brainpower and ingenuity. And if, by chance, you find yourself day dreaming three or four hours into the Rosh Hashanah service, try thinking about transitions and how you cope with them. Then put your thinking cap on and help me and my generation find a way to craft a positive, forward-looking and concise response to that deceptively simple question: "Are you retired?"
Rela Mintz Geffen, Ph.D., was president of Baltimore Hebrew University. Currently, she is an adjunct professor at Gratz College. Responses to this column may be sent to [email protected]


text:
A disclaimer: I have worn glasses since third grade which, I assure you, was a while ago.
I don't always see things clearly.
The "5s" on the crawling scoreboard at the bottom of the TV screen can look like "6s." The "6s" often look like "8s." The "8s" can look like "0s."
See what I'm saying?
My optic imperfection is why, late this week, I watched a replay of Kobe Bryant's last-second shot over Dahntay Jones about 25 times.
I wanted to make sure I was seeing what I think I saw, which was nothing extraordinary.
By now, you know what happened Wednesday night in Atlanta.
Bryant put the finishing touches on an 11-for-33 shooting night by launching a 15-foot jumper that would have tied the game with 3.9 seconds. He missed but suffered a sprained ankle when he landed on Jones' foot.
Fueled by Kobe's postgame insistence he'd been the victim of a "dirty" and "dangerous" play, the reaction was immediate. Jones was vilified unjustly, I believe by Laker Nation and others.
I'm not blaming Bryant, who was upset about missing the shot, his team losing an important game and his injury.
I am blaming the NBA, which immediately fed the beast with a declaration that the officials should have called a foul on Jones. The league retroactively handed out a flagrant foul.
Hey, I've seen flagrant fouls.
That wasn't a flagrant foul.
Jones simply followed Bryant to the baseline, put up his hands and leaned in to pressure the shot. The only significant contact came when Bryant kicked out his leg and hit Jones below the belt, very close to Ground Zero.
Yes, Bryant landed on Jones' foot, just like Deron Williams landed on Derrick Rose's foot during an exhibition game in 2010.
Williams was injured, taken off the floor in a wheelchair and initially feared he'd broken his ankle. But he didn't complain about Rose's effort, which, in fact, resulted in more contact than Bryant-Jones.
It was a normal play. It was an unfortunate play. It wasn't a dirty play.
The problem this week was the NBA's reaction. It smacked of reacting only because one of its superstars, who plays for one of its foundation franchises, was unhappy with a journeyman player doing his job.
Consider what would happen if the situation was reversed if Dahntay Jones drives, misses a jumper and sprains his ankle after landing on Kobe Bryant's foot.
Thanks for coming.
At Friday's practice, I asked a few Jazz players what they thought. Nobody wanted to say much, for obvious reasons.
Veteran Marvin Williams sounded unconvinced, however, that there was anything unusual about the play.
"Tough," Williams said. "Dahntay is trying to be aggressive defensively and get up on Kobe. But any time you shoot a jump shot and a guy gets under you, it's scary. Unfortunately, Kobe was injured. Just one of those tough plays."
And the NBA made it worse.
At least in my eyes.


text:
Montana Holds Off Thunderbirds
Related Links
MISSOULA, Mont., Jan 17 - Damon Heuir scored 19 points to lead three Thunderbirds in double figures but Southern Utah sent Montana to the free throw line 47 times and committed 21 turnovers as the Grizzlies took a 73-67 Big Sky win Thursday night.
Montana moved to 11-4 overall and 7-0 in BSC play to retain a share of first place while SUU dipped to 5-11, 3-4 in conference play.
Southern Utah got off to a hot start, making four of its first five shots to take and early 9-2 lead, but the prosperity didn't last as the 'Birds missed seven of their next nine attempts. Montana took advantage, moving out to a 16-14 lead, then extending the advantage to 31-23 at halftime.
The Griz forced 12 Thunderbird turnovers in the first period, but also enjoyed a significant edge at the free throw line in the half, hitting 14-of-18 from the line while SUU attempted just two free throws, converting them both.
"Overall it was a good basketball game in a good environment." SUU Coach Nick Robinson said. "I thought we started the game extremely well, we sustained our execution offensively throughout the night and did a decent job defensively against a very physical basketball team. Give a lot of credit to Montana in terms of their preparation, they did a nice job tonight and obviously once again tonight our biggest challenge in a game like this is our ability to take care of the basketball."
In the second half the Thunderbirds cut down on the turnovers, giving it away just nine times, but Montana's parade to the free throw line didn't end as the Grizzlies attempted 29 more charity tosses in the second half while SUU got just three more attempts. Southern Utah wound up 5-for-5 from the line while Montana was 31-of-47.
The Thunderbirds stayed in the game, however. After giving up the first basket of the second half and committing four turnovers in their first five possessions they outscored Montana 9-2 to pull within 33-32 at the 15:38 mark.
The Grizzlies slowly pulled away, however, pushing the advantage to 44-36 before A.J. Hess hit a 3-pointer to cut the deficit to five. Montana stymied the SUU run, however, and continued to build the lead, going up 58-41 with 4:46 to play.
SUU scored the next eight points, however, getting a layup from Heuir, a 3-pointer from Jordan Johnson and another three from Wade Collie before Spencer Coleman hit one of two free throws for UM to make it a 59-49 game with 2:48 to play.
After the Griz went up 61-49 on two more Coleman free throws Heuir hit three 3-pointers to and the after Stevenett hit two free throws the Thunderbirds found themselves back within 66-62 but Montana hit seven free throws down the stretch to hold off SUU and pull out the win.
"In terms our execution in the late-game situation Damon was impressive, he had a string of 3-pointers, Jordan was able to knock down a shot from behind the 3-point line, I thought we did a pretty god job of execution late but if we can't take care of the basketball earlier in the game we're going to keep putting ourselves in these kinds of situations, 10, 12, 15 behind," Robinson said.
In addition to Heuir's 19 points Stevenett finished with 16 while Wade Colie had 10 off the bench. Heuir led all players with six assists, while Stevenett and Jayson Cheesman each had five rebounds to lead SUU.
Mathais Ward led four Grizzlies in double-figures with 20 points.
SUU plays next at Montana State on Monday night.


text: Barbara Palk recently retired as President of TD Asset Management Inc., one of Canada's leading money management firms, and as Senior Vice-President of TD Bank Financial Group. She is a Fellow of the Canadian Securities Institute, a CFA Charterholder, and a member of the Toronto Society of Financial Analysts. Ms. Palk is Chair of the Board of Trustees of Queen's University and a member of the Board of the Greenwood College School. She is a recipient of the Ontario Volunteer Award and was honoured by the Women's Executive Network in 2004 as one of Canada's Most Powerful Women: Top 100 in the Trailblazer category.


text: If you notice that your misters are not spraying their normal amount of water, or if you notice water pooling or running off below your system, you may have a leak. The first thing to do if you suspect a leak is to clean the nozzles. Clogged nozzles can occur if your household has hard water. If this does not solve the problem, you will need to inspect the rest of the system for leaks, especially the tubing, fittings, and nozzles. If you locate the leak, you will either have to mend or replace the leaking part. Parts are available in the plumbing section of most hardware stores.


text:
Hey everybody, do you think there will be waves this weekend?
And if there are waves, do you think I could trunk it?
My only concern is getting out of the water, because I'm afraid the air will be too cold. Will the air be cold this weekend? And the wind?
Thanks! :)


text:
Hustvedt, Siri. The Summer Without Men
It's the rare book that can consider weighty themes without a bleak tone and plot. As readers we're often forced to choose between literary fiction that borders on the morose and lighter fare that can feel like a waste of time. Not so with Siri Hustvedt's new novel, Summer without Men. Hustvedt manages to examine everything from adolescent bullying to the potential grief and loneliness of old age in a charming novel that never seems depressing thanks to the wry humor of the first person narrator, Mia.
Newly separated after nearly thirty years of marriage and fresh from a brief stint in a psychiatric hospital, Mia returns to her hometown where she balances an intense introspection about her past (and life in general )with an interest in an array of women, including her young poetry students, a troubled neighbor, and her mother's elderly friends. Mia's compassion for these women allows her to revisit the various stages of her own life while directly addressing the reader and offering numerous asides and literary quotes and allusions regarding love and loss. Throughout Mia's sense of humor charms the reader. She shares fantasies of releasing the rats in her husband's lab and refers to his new girlfriend as "the Pause" and "unnamed French love object."
Summer without Men is a quick, quirky read served up by one of the more engaging narrators in recent memory.


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Results 25 to 36 of 106
09-17-2012, 10:19 AM #25Legendary RSR Poster
- Join Date
- Aug 2007
- Location
- Houston, TX Y'all
- Posts
- 34,417
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
The bottom line is that you cannot control what the officials call.
There will ALWAYS be bad calls in NFL games.
What was in our control with the game in our hands was that absolute clusterfuck of a final drive by our offense...amateur hour by Cam/John/Joe at it's finest.
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!Festivus
His definitions and arguments were so clear in his own mind that he was unable to understand how any reasonable person could honestly differ with him.
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
If Vick is standing in the pocket, gets hit in the back as he throws and the ball flies out sideways (but forward enough to be a forward pass) and doesn't get to the LOS, is that intentional grounding? A play we all typically see 1 or 2 times a game?
When a guy is being hit, the force of the hit can COMPLETELY change the trajectory of the throw. You can't call that intentional grounding.
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
I have yet to talk to another Ravens fan who didn't see it as intentional grounding. Vick's actions were fully in accord with the NFL rulebook definition of intentional grounding:
Intentional grounding will be called when a passer, facing an imminent loss of yardage due to pressure from the defense, throws a forward pass without a realistic chance of completion. Intentional grounding will not be called when a passer, while out of the pocket and facing an imminent loss of yardage, throws a pass that lands at or beyond the line of scrimmage, even if no offensive player(s) have a realistic chance to catch the ball (including if the ball lands out of bounds over the sideline or end line).
This wasn't even close call. I was not a bit surprised that the fumble call was reversed, but fully expected to see the intentional grounding call made after the review.In a 2003 BBC poll that asked Brits to name the "Greatest American Ever", Mr. T came in fourth, behind ML King (3rd), Abe Lincoln (2nd) and Homer Simpson (1st).
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!If you break the rules you can't make the rules.
- Remove Coach Tomlin from the NFL Competition committee.
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
Even yesterday, the Ravens could have gone down the field to score the winning field goal with 1:42 remaining but Mr. Flacco was too inaccurate on that drive and missed a couple of fairly easy throws.
That doesn't totally forgive the replacements for helping put the Ravens in that position. They missed a blatant drag down PI call on a long pass to Torrie Smith that certainly looked like catchable for a big gain or a TD but the non call stopped the drive. Add to that the phony fumble/intentional grounding non call, the push off called on Jones' would-be TD catch when the defender had his hands on him the last 10 yards, and the illegal contact called when the ball was clearly in the air and should have been PI, can very definitely put a team in an offensive funk that is tough to get out of.
But folks i implore you to search your memories. The mistakes the replacements are making now are nothing like the horrendous ticky tack calls or blatant non calls made precisely at the most critical time in the game that have directly affected the outcome of the contest by the likes of regulars Anderson, Carey, Coleman, and Winter and backed up by the NFL's yes man Mr. Perierra.
Some of the calls and non calls by the "regulars" have been so bad they made me consider the question: "Is the NFL actually fixing games?"
So far the mistakes made by the replacements look to be from inexperience. For the most part it looks like they are trying to stay out of the business of really affecting a game and let the players play. That of course is a fine line.
I think we need more of a body of work to look at for the "replacements", but some of these "regulars" have screwed up enough in the most questionable fashion as to affect the integrity of the game. They need not return if and when the strike is resolved imhao.If you break the rules you can't make the rules.
- Remove Coach Tomlin from the NFL Competition committee.
Re: Arm going Forwad, Hmmm Intentional Grounding!?!?!?!
And again, if Flacco for instance takes a 7 step drop that takes him 10 yards past the LOS, and gets hit while throwing the ball and the ball only goes3 or 4 yards forward, they don't call that intentional grounding because the hit impacted where the ball went.


text: Here's ice in a crater in the northern plains on Mars - the region with the wonderful name Vastitas Borealis. Many scientists believe this huge plain was an ocean during the Hesperian Epoch, a period of Martian history that stretches from about 3.5 to about 1.8 billion years ago. Later, around the end of the Hesperian, they think about 30% of the water on Mars evaporated and left the atmosphere, drifting off into outer space... part of the danger of life on a planet without much gravity. The oceans then froze. Most of them very slowly sublimated, disappearing into water vapor without ever melting. This water vapor was lost to outer space. But there's still a lot of water left. The north pole has an ice cap with 820,000 cubic kilometers of ice! That's equal to 30% of the Earth's Greenland ice sheet - enough to cover the whole surface of Mars to a depth of 5.6 meters if it melted, if we pretend Mars is flat. And the south pole is covered by a slab of ice about 3 kilometers thick, a mixture of 85% carbon dioxide ice and 15% water ice, surrounded by steep slopes made almost entirely of water ice. This has enough water that if it melted it would cover the whole surface to a depth of 11 meters! There's also lots of permafrost underground, and frost on the surface, and bits of ice like this. This picture was taken by the Mars Express satellite: • Water ice in crater at Martian north pole, ESA, http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Mars_Express/SEMGKA808BE_3.html


text:
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text:
USANA helping
typhoon victims
In response to the destruction in the Philippines caused by Typhoon Bopha, the USANA True Health Foundation has made a $10,000 donation to aid victims of the disaster through the International Relief Teams, an organization that puts together volunteers to provide medical and nonmedical assistance to victims of disaster and poverty.
ClearOne signs
on distributor
ClearOne Communications, a Utah-based provider of audio-visual conferencing equipment, signed a distribution agreement with D&H Distributing. D&H will distribute ClearOne's new line of software-based video-conferencing products and voice-over-Internet protocol conference phones to technology resellers and retailers. D&H was Cisco's Small Business Distributor of the Year for 2010.
Jobless benefit
applications fall
The number of people seeking U.S. unemployment aid declined sharply last week as a temporary spike caused by Superstorm Sandy faded. The Labor Department said that applications dropped 25,000, to a seasonally adjusted 370,000, a level consistent with modest hiring.
Starbucks: We'll pay
more taxes than asked
Starbucks bowed to mounting pressure over its tax affairs in Britain and revealed that it would pay about $16 million in each of the next two years. Having been accused by the country's lawmakers of "immorally" avoiding taxes, Starbucks' U.K. managing director v said the firm will pay more than required by law. The Seattle-based coffee company has 700 British outlets.
Standard Chartered
expects U.S. fines
Standard Chartered bank expects to pay $330 million in fines to U.S. agencies to settle money-laundering charges tied to f violating sanctions against Iran. The bank said it believes probes by the U.S. Department of Justice, the Treasury and Federal Reserve will soon be resolved. The bank previously paid $340 million to settle an investigation by the New York State Department of Financial Services.
UN: World food
prices decline
A United Nations agency reported prices of basic foods fell by 1.5 percent last month, with the costs globally of all commodities except dairy products dropping. The Food and Agriculture Organization said the decline puts the value of its November index nearly 3 percent below a year ago. Sugar prices saw the sharpest drop, followed by oils and cereals.
H&R Block
posts 3Q loss
Tax preparation company H&R Block Inc. reported a third-quarter loss from continuing operations of 37 cents per share. Revenue climbed to $137.3 million, mostly because of a strong tax season in Australia. Block usually reports a loss in the period because it makes most of its revenue during the U.S. tax season.


text:
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About Me: Brace yourself for the myriad of styles that we bring to you, wrap around a finely crafted Banarasi Saree. This intricately woven masterpiece, will adorn you with an extremely traditional and rare fashionable appeal. Let the gaze follow with this exquisite piece weaved in blue, green and pink threads. Banarasi Sarees known the world over are simply priceless to possess and come in vibrant designs and distinct color combinations. Browse through the intricacy of patterns along the borders and the palu. If you are ready for some shopping, Shopatplaces may turn out to be your favorite shopper's stop for Banarasi Sarees. Buy now, a designer Banarasi Saree and team it up with our attractive junk jewelry.
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text:
Any full-time Lindsey Wilson College student who does not live
with a parent or guardian must live in one of the residence halls,
unless he or she qualifies as an independent student under policies
described in The Student Handbook. All
housing assignments are managed by the Residence Life Office.
Room assignments are made on the basis of double occupancy. Single
rooms, at an extra charge, are available by request provided there
are vacancies.
Students desiring housing may complete a housing
application and forward it with the designated housing feet
to: Residence Life Office, Lindsey Wilson College, 210
Lindsey Wilson Street, Columbia, KY 42728. A room will
be reserved once a room and board contract is signed and the
housing fee is received and on file in the Residence Life
office. The standards and guidelines pertaining to residence
life are explained in The Student
Students applying for room assignments may indicate a preference
of a roommate. Whenever possible, such requests are
granted. Returning students' requests are given first
While changes in room assignments are sometimes possible,
permission must be granted by the appropriate residence
Rooms are normally furnished with the following: telephone
jacks, television cable with service hookups, Ethernet computer
data lines, wireless data connections, single beds, chests of
drawers, mirrors, closets, and study desks. Sheets, blankets,
pillows, and towels must be furnished by the student.
Students are responsible for items of personal property they bring
on campus or have in their rooms. The College is not
responsible for damage to or loss of a student's property.


text:
The Tomato Plant Art Photo comes as a metal print - a new art medium for preserving photos by infusing dyes directly into specially coated aluminum sheets. The colors are vibrant and the image takes on an almost magical luminiscence.
The ultra-hard, scratch-resistant surface is waterproof/weatherproof and can be cleaned easily with any commercial glass cleaner. Avoid direct sunlight.
The mount block on the back floats the print 1/2-inch off the wall (ready to hang).
We offer the Tomato Plant Art Photo metal print in three sizes. If you'd like a larger size, please contact us. Allow up to two weeks to receive your print.
If you'd like to send this print as a gift please let us know the address it will go to.
Copyright © 2013 Liliana Cirstea Glenn & Marie Picard Craig all rights reserved
Copyright © 2013 Liliana Cirstea Glenn & Marie Picard Craig all rights reserved


text:
About 20 injured police officers evaluated
Click here for more photos from the manhunt
(Boston, MA) -- Some 20 police officers from Watertown and other departments were evaluated this morning at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center. "The Boston Globe" reports that according to sources, the officers were hurt by hand grenades thrown from the windows of a car during a chase last night involving the Boston Marathon bombing suspects. No other information was available.


text:
Soccer games are the most popular in europe. Apparently EA had a big marketing push by showcasing a demo of Fifa 09 featuring the players of Manchester United and Real Madrid.
In the promotional video you can see Wayne Rooney and Manchester United against Gonzalo Higuaín and Real Madrid with the Manchester United team made up of Wayne Rooney and 9 of the best football gamers in the world.
No 360 to help ...0oh yeah thats right its dead in europe and the 360's old hardware can only run 5 aside
He is correct though, the game was created as "Football".
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football).
Its in the games name title :D
for those whose disagree, try researching. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer
number of words used in wikipedia "soccer" page
Football = over 100 times
Soccer = 20 times.
Football is more common word outside US
Everywhere else who mentions the word football knows they are talking about the greatest sport ever created. I dont understand why americans call Football a game they play with their hands. Anyways we teh world recognize the original football.
It's foolish for them to call it soccer, in american football, they don't even kick the ball, while in association football, it's feet only, unless it's a throw-in or your the goalkeeper...
Actually in American Football they do use their feet to punt, field goal, safety kick and kick it off.
Nice marketing piece. The FOOTBALL atmosphere is unique! This is a sure buy!
Well, looks like the console war will be over in Europe this holiday season.
"Actually in American Football they do use their feet to punt, field goal, safety kick and kick it off."
Yeah, same as rugby.
that's a really effective ad. Glad to see EA using ps3 this year.
EA using Xbox 360 and NFL stars to promote Madden in America.
Yeah, this isn't really news, it's logical from a business point of view.
ps3 has outsold x360 this year. 2m vs 1.7m
ps3 sells as much as the x360 in usa.ps3 could win the XMAS based on their strong fall lineup
also ps3 will win in usa by the end of this gen. You are clearly delusional if you believe that x360 will win in USA at the end of this gen
However in europe its ps3 all the way. same goes to Japan(ps3 and wii only)
Probably the only time EA's being smart.
wow, big punch in the 360's face.
fifa is gonna sell sh!t loads is europe on ps3 and the bots will be crying
add LBP worldwide: ouch!
add Resistance2 worldwide: re-ouch!
add FF13 in japan: mega-ouch!
ouch ouch ouch ouch
ouch ouch ouch ouch
ouch ouch ouch ouch
ouch ouch ouch ouch
ouch ouch ouch ouch
ouch ouch ouch ouch
no offense but it is very logical to do that in europe and Japan --places where apparently the console war is confined to just ps3 and wii
in europe ps3 and wii are agonizingly close in terms of monthly console sales
by the end of this year
WKS will also give ps3 a monumental advantage and surge in Japan
I guess SONY isnt focusing too much on USA at the moment cuz ps3 already has a super strong lineup for Fall in USA spearheaded by LBP and Motorstorm 2
Every single multiplatform game commercial in EU ends up with PLAYSTATION3 logo.
Soccer video game?
Haha, looks like everyone was having a good time.
its FOOTBALL, and in Europe, football = life
i love it when Americans say it's "just soccer" without realizing that "soccer" is BY FAR the biggest sport in the world and FIFA games sell millions
Just a soccer game soo eff off.
And I'm American So I call it soccer? Got a problem? I dont care.
Yes Futball or European football is probably life for many Europeans but I wish you would realize that the real sport is a lot better.
I should know.
It's realise not realize ;)
It's football. end of. Rugby>football>American football.
every single country outside the US recognizes football for a sport where you move a ball with your feet therefor logically it is called football unlike americans calling football a game they play with their hands, very creative. The world is much bigger than the US, you should travel and see just how small your little world actually is. Rugby came before your "football" btw.
It's a video game get over it.
The real sport of soccer, or as Europeans and the rest of the world calls it, football is a lot more fun than a video game!
Effin Christ you people are retarded.
I said the real sport of soccer is a lot better than a video game!
actually they are calling it soccer as well in japan.
It's actually "Realise" for some regions of the world. So, do some research pal.
it's a fact that Japanese do call it soccer! but whatever makes the disagree phantom happy!
in the half time break between chelski and manure.
Gooners top Scum bottom FTMFW
yea me too. Chelsea could have beaten Man U if penalty is allowed.
yeah i was at the match... Ronaldo was super sh!t
woot. another gooner on here.
on topic: a great ad. it would have loved to have been there watching them film it.
yea of course:D dere de best;) 1 of de league bois:D nice vid;)
no fabregas and only arsenal play playstation football
Gooners FTW
i wasnt surprised. PS3 an Sony both are also a brand featured during biggest football competition, the "champions league."
Nice job EA. PS is a true home of football game.
FIFA 09 really is the football game to get this year judging from what's been shown of PES2009. Still using that PS2 engine.
PES doesnt seem to be next gen yet and I like the way fifa 09 plays. Hopefully PES will have soemthing to compete againts FIFA next year so we can have another great football game to play.
"soccer" is popular all over the world. dont be arrogant you american folks
With the PS3's superior hardware and innovative library of games,Sony is pusing forward the fall in full force.With EA,one of the largest third party publishers,Sony,the most respected console developers,and FIFA,the best soccer game in the market we can look forward to the Playstation 3 deliver a crushing blow to Microsoft and defeating the 360 by the end of the year.
FIFA on the PS3 will have most robust lag-free online and will be running smoothly.The limitations of the 360 DVD9 will make jaggies and framerate slowdown on the 360 an unavoidable encounter.
Never use faulty products like RROD360.. they'll just die on you while they show off thier stuff.
PS3 is waaayy more reliable..
Go cry about it Xbots XD
A very good post Lord Shuhei. Soon I'll stop terrorizing every game event on earth. (Since I'll be looking for a new job.)
No worries.The doors of Sony Computer Entertainment will always be open.
FIFA for me this year... hard to believe it managed to overcome PES in the end... it's come a long way from FIFA 06 which was utter bollocks
dont say so just yet. just wait until u played both for urself. i said the same thing about fifa 08, and even tho pes was disappointing, it still plays better than fifa
after playing both , i's the other way around for me . PES 09 while still ugly took a a good turn and fixed the gaemplay mistakes of 08 ... while fifa 09's changes still remains cosmetic , for a game that still isnt good enough core gameplay wise
that was an amazing Ad now only if song could promote their own games like this
liiiiveeerpooool, liiiiiverrpoool
i say we should have some N4G tournie when it comes out. anyone in?
stoke city.........lol
with the other top teams drawing its been a good weekend for the gooners. The y*d*s at the foot is the icing on the cake.
lol ive learned to accept liverpools inconsistencies over the years. we can beat marseilles on poor form, beat Man U, but come away with a draw against stoke bloody city? oh well.
yeh spurs should be ashamed!
sorry Americans but football (or soccer as you know it) is the biggest sports game in the world hands down, your football as you call it doesn't even hold a candle outside NA. PS3 FTW !!!
I'm an American and a die hard Football fan. I live in San Francisco and I root for the 49ers! Basketball is second with my Warriors being my favorite. But soccer also gets some love from me. I especially love the tournaments like the recent Euro Cup. And I hate to admit it but yes......I'm a Beckham Fan.
its nothing to be ashamed of. Its gripping once you get into it.
WELL YOU NEED TO see this player named fabregas oozes class you should watch arsenal play in the premier league
the MLS is poor league compared to europe
Yeah the Euro League does look to have the best soccer players in the world. Unfortunately I have to pay a premium to be able to watch those games. Football, baseball, and basketball are all available to everyone here in the states without the extra cost.


text:
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This Digitimes Research Special Report provides a 2015 forecast for the global tablet market and analyzes the strategies of key market players such as Google, Apple, Intel, and Microsoft.
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This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the strategies of key China-based major panel makers BOE, Tianma and IVO for attacking the different market segments through technology and pricing, and their relationship to local vendors Huawei, Lenovo, ZTE, Xiaomi and Coolpad.


text:
Katie Morrison, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Contact Information
- Phone: (970) 351-2995
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Office: 2240A Ross Hall
- PhD in Mathematics, minor in Electrical Engineering, August 2012
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- M.S. Mathematics, August 2008
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Budapest Semesters in Mathematics, Fall 2005
- The Technical University of Budapest
- B.A. Mathematics and Psychology, May 2005
- Swarthmore College
Research Interests
Algebraic Coding Theory
- Applications of rank-metric and matrix codes to network coding, cryptography, and data storage
- LDPC codes and related decoding algorithms
Applications of Coding Theory to Neuroscience
- Neural Coding
- Dynamics of recurrent neural networks
(listen to our new network songs!)
Other Academic Interests
Graph Theory
Mathematical Education of Teachers


text:
Well then.
I guess you needa move.
IMHO, why limit yourself to someone who is into anime and video games?
There aren''t that many women who are into anime, what are the chances that you will meet someone who is not only into anime but also compatible with you? In the past I ran into quite a few girls who were into anime, but aside from that we had little else in common.
Personally, anime fan girls don't seem to be a fan of me for whatever reason - so, I tend to end up introducing anime to people (girls included) who do enjoy my company.
SAO is just awesome
Ever heard of dating sims? Perfect for your kind.
Oh you well eventually find them, but chances are they won't be the best looking.
weird because I know quite a lot of them..
Dulce, Mimmy. Create one more stupidity here and I'll hate you 2. I'm serious.
I am girl and i love anime and videos games!XD
Im never on here...but ALWAYS on tumblr...http://ilov3tokyohardcore.tumblr.com/
eternalchaos4200 wrote:
It seems impossible where i live to find a woman with intrests in anime/manga videogames you know that sort of stuff is it me or does anyone else have this problem
i live in georgia so any time i even speak the word anime they look at me like im retarded and if i talk about video games they think im a loser which i really dont care what they think it just seems like an impossible task at findin a woman thats into that stuff
For me, and from my experiences I have never found a girl that flat out liked VG or anime/manga and I live on the West Coast.
An easier way for you to try, which is what I did, is find a gril you like do what you gotta do to make her yours then just start watching it while she's around, play your games while she's around, or read manga while she's around, and maybe it will rub off on her and shell start liking it. Thats what I did with my girl and now she goes to conventions with me, asks me questions about anime, recommendations, games to play and ect. So dont just look for everything in one package if it seems impossible but try to make everything in one package...wierd analogy but hopefully you got the gist of it
Good Luck!
Hurry the photobug is around...grab your camera
a619ko wrote:
Go to...An anime store, Hot topic, or a bookstore.
I've seen plenty that read the mangas at bookstores.
(except I never approach them since they look too nerdy, I mean, busy!)
You can pretty much go anywhere nerdy stuff is sold. Most of my friends are girls and every time I hang out with them, we always go to Hot Topic and bookstores. It's hard now since Borders closed...
DangerousYams wrote:
I met plenty of women HERE, and best part is I don't even have to feel bad about them looking at me like I'm a retard. Or did you mean looking IRL?
Because you might as well just give up. That's all fairy tales and myths. Those women don't exist.
Oh, how so wrong you are Jolly boy (Dangerous Yams). I've dated several females that are into gaming, or are into anime. However, only one have I dated that enjoys both, so you will probably have to select one over the other.
This was outside of the internet, outside of games, and outside of the computer field in general -- this was in real life.
Get out of the house, and go out in the world past the front lawn. You'll surely find people -- especially people you never would have guessed that enjoys one or the other, rarely do they enjoy both though (outside from the computer).
Anime~ nom nom
You will. I didn't really meet other people that liked anime till I was in college. Granted, back then anime wasn't as popular as it is now.
Or try to go to some conventions. I think Dragoncon is in GA, it isn't specifically anime, but there are anime fans there.
eternalchaos4200 wrote:
It seems impossible where i live to find a woman with intrests in anime/manga videogames you know that sort of stuff is it me or does anyone else have this problem
i live in georgia so any time i even speak the word anime they look at me like im retarded and if i talk about video games they think im a loser which i really dont care what they think it just seems like an impossible task at findin a woman thats into that stuff
First Eternalchaos you need to change your story stop useing words like impossible or loser Remember most people outside of japan for a long time did not understand anime at all. Your a kid then you became a teen that grew out of it, yet i know of some pretty mature games and anime I'm sure you know of a few.
An Example of a story, women are over flowing here everywhere i got a new woman walks up to me and says hello, while there are some women that eat up anime and videogames most find it a boy's area. Yet I'm blessed because they like what i say even if they are not that interested etc
Notice that i did not include too many negatives I use words like over flowing and blessed, now you may think that silly but how would you act if you thought that and how would women act towards you?
It sounds like you might be making a classic man mistake something i use too do all the time around women, you do all the talking? If so try this instead next time you meet a girl say something like "I read the last halo book" tell here the bare min about it THEN as her about what she likes.
Keep the focus on her as much as you can well that enough a site you might want to check out is Geek to Geek dating site http://www.gk2gk.com/?ref=ppc&gclid=CJaCycuZlbICFaTHtAod734Aiw
Actually, I know people where I live who are interested in manga, anime, video games, and shit like that. I have some friends who like it, my siblings, and I know some guys who like it but I don't really talk to them about it cause... I don't know. THEY GIVE ME THIS LOOK O_O The look of "Nah, I don't wanna talk to you" .________. BLEH! I don't care, they're ugly bitches LOLOL XD
playing the electric guitar is frustrating, holy shiz =3=
Da fauq' they exist men, i did marry one... and i'm 19 with no baby....
imagine what kind of gal would lead me to marriage, how awesome she must be....


text: OverviewBack to top Woodstock Farms - All-Natural Whole Cashews Roasted & Unsalted - 6 oz. Item# :124418UPC# :042563015893 Brand:Woodstock Farms Size/Form:6 oz. Ship Weight:0.45 Servings:6 Dosage:0.25 Cup(s) Woodstock Farms - All-Natural Whole Cashews Roasted & Unsalted - 6 OZ (170g) Woodstock Farms All-Natural Whole Cashews Roasted & Unsalted are a perfect snack, just open and enjoy. The resealable bag make Woodstock Farms All-Natural Whole Cashews Roasted & Unsalted a great snack for any time of day. Woodstock Farms All-Natural Whole Cashews Roasted & Unsalted are a good source of protein and iron. Non-GMOTwenty-five years ago, they began selling natural and organic foods with the belief that good food came from simple ingredients farmed from sources you could trust. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), because of their threat to human, animal, and environmental health, pose a threat to Woodstock's core belief of keeping it simple and eating because it's good. What are Genetically Modified Organisms? Woodstock adheres to the definition according to the 1996 Organic Trade Association definition of Genetically Modified Organisms as those "… made with techniques that alter the molecular or cell biology of an organism by means that are not possible under natural conditions or processes." As such, GMOs may contain substances that have never been part of the human food supply. Consider this… The governments of at least 30 countries around the world, including Australia, Japan and all the countries of the European Union, do not consider GMOs to be safe and are, therefore, significantly restricted or banned outright. Contrary to that widespread opinion, the US and Canadian governments have approved GMO crops for commercial use based on safety studies conducted by the same companies who developed the organisms. There are concerns regarding the impact of GM foods including: An increased application of pesticides on GMO crops The possible creation of "Super" weeds or diseases that do not respond to current countermeasures which could devastate future crops The impact on ecosystems including insects and neighboring crops What steps will Woodstock take? All of Woodstock products are enrolled in the Non-GMO Project, which is a third-party organization that tests and certifies a product does not contain GMOs. They are including the Non-GMO Project seal on all packages as they are verified so consumers can easily make a choice. American Farmland TrustWoodstock is an official sponsor and will be raising awareness and funds on behalf of the non-profit organization, American Farmland Trust. Through their "No Farms, No Food" message, American Farmland Trust (AFT) has been raising awareness on the importance of "Saving the Land" for sustainable farming. AFT promotes local farming efforts in all 50 states, which is to say they are a national organization comprised of hundreds of local initiatives. What this all adds up to is an organization dedicated to preserving our domestic farmland for sustainable use. Over 70% of Woodstock products are domestically sourced. So, supporting domestic farming efforts is not just something Woodstock believes in, it is a way they do business. Founded in 1980, American Farmland Trust has hundreds of success stories to their credit. Like every non-profit, they are dedicated to the cause. But, they need our help to continue to make an impact. Woodstock Story It all started for Woodstock over 25 years ago, when they began selling natural and organic foods with belief that good food came from simple ingredients farmed from sources you could trust. Over the years, they've all seen a lot of food trends come and go with plenty of experts telling them what, and what not, to eat. All along, their belief has remained the same. Keep it simple and eat because it's good! They've grown a lot since they launched their first nut butter. Today, they're 250+ products strong in over ten categories. Over 70% of their products are domestically sourced and 75% are USDA Organic. They have almost 200 products currently enrolled and 68 verified with the Non-GMO Project. Recently, they teamed up with non-profit American Farmland Trust to raise awareness about the importance of preserving land for sustainable farming.


text: I'm a big Pitt fan(alamnae) and an even bigger Cowboy fan. My favorite player at the time Tony Dorsett was drafted by the Cowboys. So was Antonio Bryant. Maybe it will happen again. I'm hoping Palko gets drafted by the Cowboys in the later rounds. I've seen him play for 3 years. He has had 2 years under Dave Wannsted and Matt Cavanaugh. I think he could be a good 4th, 5th or 6th pick. It would not surprise me to see the Cowboys draft 2 QBs this year. Troy Smith (QB/slash/WR) and Palko would be fine with me.


text:
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Sandy • It's 11 a.m. All four 3-month-old babies with thick black hair squeak, grunt and wiggle in their parents' arms. Two little boys wearing matching multicolored striped fleece jackets are quietly nestled, one in each of dad's arms. Two little girls wearing matching pink bows take turns opening and closing their eyes while their mom rocks them in a recliner.
This is the family's calm, peaceful moment for the day.
Moments later, one impatient scream sets off the rest like a domino reaction ending in a barbershop quartet of wailing. With two boys and two girls, life is never dull at the Sandy home of Charlie and Kelley Sandness.
The first night at home with the babies was like a war zone. Diapers and wipes everywhere, spilling bottles, screaming babies echoing in double stereo sound.
"It was complete chaos, we had no idea what we were doing," said Kelley, while laughing in her sister's recently remodeled basement.
The couple, who are both 29, say between feeding babies every three hours and diaper changes every six, "Team Sandness," as a doctor called them early on, requires its own army.
"They say it takes a village to raise a baby. Well, it takes four villages to raise our babies," Kelley says wearily.
The troops arrive nearly every day in some form or another, whether it is offering baby-sitting or bringing meals in three times a week. The rule for visitors is simple: You visit you do the chore of feeding or changing diapers.
"You are bound to be here when one of those things are happening," Kelley said.
On Tuesdays and Fridays, Kelley's mom and sisters cover the 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. shift and a friend covers the same schedule on Thursday and Sunday. On Monday, Wednesday and Saturday the couple alternate watching the babies.
On those mornings, Charlie gets up at 4 a.m. to watch the babies until he leaves for work two hours later. Volunteers from the East Dell LDS ward come by to watch the babies from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., so mom can get some sleep. Then, Kelley is back up and taking care of the newborns again until Charlie comes home and the couple spends some time together before going to bed and the cycle starts all over again.
How it began • The Sandnesses were married in 2008 right before Charlie was deployed to Iraq with the Marines. After his deployment he became a drill instructor stationed in San Diego.
The couple bought a German shepherd named Lucy to temporarily replace the family that hadn't arrived yet. They were beginning to think they weren't meant to have a family after more than a year of no results and a recent unsuccessful round of costly fertility treatment in San Diego.
They decided to move on and not hold out for a miracle. They started taking scuba diving classes to occupy their minds and distract from the pain of not being able to conceive.
On the second round of Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI), where a doctor injects the sperm directly into the uterus, everything worked perfectly. One night Kelley couldn't sleep and decided to take another pregnancy test. It was positive. A shriek woke her husband with the good news.
"I was in shock," Kelley said. "I didn't ever think it would become a reality."
When the couple went to the doctor for an ultrasound, they were expecting one baby. But the doctor started counting.
"When he was counting, I was like, 'Stop counting!' " Charlie recalled.
Doctors discussed the possibilities of aborting two babies to give the others a better chance at surviving.
"When they have quadruplets, often they all don't make it to survival," said University of Utah Hospital's Robert Silver, one of the Sandnesses' doctors. "The chances are so high of not having any babies to take home, it is something people consider if there are four or more [babies]."
Multiple pregnancies have increased over the past 20 years, because of assisted reproductive technology, he said.
The Sandnesses decided against aborting any of the babies.
"After we heard the four heartbeats, we decided 'we will do this and just take it one day at a time,'" Kelley said.
Life changes • She spent five weeks on bed rest at the hospital with pre-eclampsia and received medication to stop contractions. During that time Charlie spent every moment he wasn't at work living at the hospital.
"Kelley had a fantastic attitude and so did her husband," Silver said. "They had lot of optimism and excitement."
The babies, all weighing in at more than 3 pounds, were born Nov. 21 by Cesarean section. They spent about three weeks in the intensive care unit, and soon it was time to go home.
The Sandnesses relocated into the basement of Utah relatives after Charlie began a job training reserves at Fort Douglas in Salt Lake City.
Nick Davenport, Kelley's brother-in-law, said the decision to bring six more family members into his Sandy home all came down to returning a favor and taking care of family.
"I feel blessed she was there for me and I could do it now for her," he said.
While Charlie was deployed in Iraq 3½ years earlier, Davenport and his wife, Jen, had a baby. During the delivery, Jen suffered a major stroke and lost all movement on the right side of her body. Kelley moved in with her sister for about a year to help with the baby, as her sister stayed in the hospital for therapy that included learning how to eat again. She can now walk, but still can't use her right arm or hand, and her speech is permanently impeded in many ways.
"Kelley was there every step of the way, so it was just my turn to pay it back," Davenport said.
Davenport remodeled the basement in two months to make it comfortable for the Sandnesses to live in when they arrived.
Adapting to having another family living underneath them isn't a big deal, Davenport said. The two families socialize daily and the Davenports have extended a welcome wagon for the Sandnesses until the family can financially get on their feet. The Sandnesses say they're grateful for the help, while the Davenports are enjoying the newest members of their household.
"A couple crying babies, it's not too much you can't handle," Davenport said.
Twitter: @CimCity Follow their journey online:
Visit: http://teamsandness.blogspot.com/


text:
and Physiological
Trauma Research
Seize Your Journeys
Traumatic stress is found in many competent, healthy, strong, good people. No one can completely protect themselves from traumatic experiences. Many people have long-lasting problems following exposure to trauma. Up to 8% of persons will have PTSD at some time in their lives. People who react to traumas are not going crazy. What is happening to them is part of a set of common symptoms and problems that are connected with being in a traumatic situation, and thus, is a normal reaction to abnormal events and experiences. Having symptoms after a traumatic event is NOT a sign of personal weakness. Given exposure to a trauma that is bad enough, probably all people would develop PTSD.
By understanding trauma symptoms better, a person can become less fearful of them and better able to manage them. By recognizing the effects of trauma and knowing more about symptoms, a person will be better able to decide about getting treatment.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
"The essential feature of Dissociative identity Disorder is the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (Criterion A) that recurrently take control of behavior (Criterion B). There is an inability to recall important personal information, the extent of which is too great to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness (Criterion C). The disturbance is not due tot eh direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition (Condition D.). In children, the symptoms cannot be attributed to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.
Dissociative Identity Disorder reflects a failure to integrate various aspects of identity, memory, and consciousness. Each personality state may be experienced as if it has a distinct personal history, self-image, and identity, including a separate name. Usually there is a primary identity that carries the individual's given name and is passive, dependent, guilty, and depressed. The alternate identities frequently have different names and characteristics that contrast with the primary identity (e.g., are hostile, controlling, and self-destructive). Particular identities may emerge in specific circumstances and may differ in reported age and gender, vocabulary, general knowledge, or predominant affect. Alternate identities are experienced as taking control in sequence, ore at the expense of the other, and may deny knowledge of one another, be critical of one another, or appear to be in open conflict. Occasionally, one or more powerful identities allocate time to the others. Aggressive or hostile identities may at times interrupt activities or place the others in uncomfortable situations.
Individuals with this disorder experience frequent gaps in memory for personal history, both remote and recent. The amnesia is frequently asymmetrical. The more passive identities tend to have more constricted memories, whereas the more hostile, controlling, or "protector" identities have more complete memories. An identity that is not in control may nonetheless gain access to consciousness by producing auditory or visual hallucinations (e.g., a voice giving instructions). Evidence of amnesia may be uncovered by reports from others who have witnessed behavior that is disavowed by the individual or by the individual's own discoveries (e.g., finding items of clothing at home that the individual cannot remember having bought). There may be loss of memory not only for recurrent periods of time, but also an overall loss of biographical memory for some extended period of childhood, adolescence, or even adulthood. Transitions among identities are often triggered by psychosocial stress. The time required to switch from one identity to another is usually a matter of seconds, but, less frequently, may b gradual. Behavior that may be frequently associated with identity switches include rapid blinking, facial changes, changes in voice or demeanor, or disruption in the individual's train of thoughts. The number of identities reported ranges from 2 to more than 100. Half of reported cases include the individuals with 10 or fewer identities."
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 2000. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
PTSD, DID, and EMDR
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
"The essential feature of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder us the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's physical integrity; or witnessing an event that involves death, injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of another person; or learning about unexpected or violent death, serious harm, or threat of death or injury experienced by a family member or other close associate (Criteria A1). The person's response to the event must involve intense fear, helplessness, or horror (or in children, the response must involve disorganized or agitated behavior) (Criterion A2). The characteristic symptoms resulting from the exposure to the extreme trauma include persistent reexperiencing of the traumatic event (Criterion E), and the disturbance must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Criterion F).
Traumatic events that are experienced directly include, but are not limited to, military combat, violent personal assault (sexual assault, physical attack, robbery, mugging), being kidnapped, being taken hostage, terrorist attack, torture, incarceration as a prisoner of war or in a concentration camp, natural or manmade disasters, severe automobile accidents, or being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. For children, sexually traumatic events may include developmentally inappropriate sexual experiences without threatened or actual violence or injury. Witnessed events include, but are not limited to, observing the serious injury or unnatural death of another person due to violent assault, accident, war, or disaster or unexpectedly witnessing a dead body or body parts. Events experienced by others that are learned about include, but are not limited to, violent personal assault, serious accident, or serious injury experienced y a family member or a close friend; learning about the sudden, unexpected death of a family member or a close friend; or learning that one's child has a life threatening disease. The disorder may be especially sever or long lasting when the stressor is of human design (e.g., torture, rape). the likelihood of developing this disorder may increase as the intensity of and physical proximity to the stressor increase.
The traumatic event can be reexperienced in various ways. Commonly the person has recurrent and intrusive recollections of the event (Criterion B1) or recurrent distressing dreams during which the event can be replayed or otherwise represented (Criterion B2). In rare instances, the person experiences dissociative states that last from a few seconds to several hours, or even days, during which components of the event are relived and the person behaves as though experiencing the event at that moment (Criterion B3). These episodes, often referred to as "flashbacks," are typically brief but can be associated with prolonged distress and heightened arousal. Intense psychological distress (Criterion B4) or physiological reactivity (Criterion B5) often occurs when the person is exposed to triggering events that resemble or symbolize an aspect of the traumatic event (e.g., anniversaries of the traumatic event; cold, snowy weather or uniformed guards for survivors of death camps in cold climates; hot, humid weather for combat veterans of the South Pacific; entering any elevator for an woman who was reaped in an elevator).
Stimuli associated with the trauma are persistently avoided. The person commonly makes deliberate efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations about the traumatic event (Criterion C1) and to avoid activities, situations, or people who around recollections of it (Criterion C2). This avoidance of reminders may include amnesia for an important aspect of the traumatic event (Criterion C3). Diminished responsiveness to the external work, referred to as "psychic numbing" or "emotional anesthesia," usually begins soon after the traumatic event. The individual may complain of having markedly diminished interest or participation in previously enjoyed activities (Criterion C4), of feeling detached or estranged from other people (Criterion C5), or of having markedly reduced ability to feel emotions (especially those associated with intimacy, tenderness and sexuality) (Criterion C6). The individual may have a sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., not expecting to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span) (Criterion C7).
The individual has persistent symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal that were not present before the trauma. these symptoms may include difficulty falling or staying asleep that may be to recurrent nightmares during which the traumatic event is relived (Criterion D1), hypervigilance (Criterion D4), and exaggerated startle response (Criterion D5). Some individuals report irritability or outburst of anger (Criterion D2) or difficulty concentrating or completing tasks (Criterion D3)."
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)1 integrates elements of many effective psychotherapies in structured protocols that are designed to maximize treatment effects. These include psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, interpersonal, experiential, and body-centered therapies2. EMDR is an information processing therapy and uses an eight phase approach.
During EMDR1 the client attends to past and present experiences in brief sequential doses while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus. Then the client is instructed to let new material become the focus of the next set of dual attention. This sequence of dual attention and personal association is repeated many times in the session.
Eight Phases of Treatment
The first phase is a history taking session during which the therapist assesses the client's readiness for EMDR and develops a treatment plan. Client and therapist identify possible targets for EMDR processing. These include recent distressing events, current situations that elicit emotional disturbance, related historical incidents, and the development of specific skills and behaviors that will be needed by the client in future situations.
During the second phase of treatment, the therapist ensures that the client has adequate methods of handling emotional distress and good coping skills, and that the client is in a relatively stable state. If further stabilization is required, or if additional skills are needed, therapy focuses on providing these. The client is then able to use stress reducing techniques whenever necessary, during or between sessions. However, one goal is not to need these techniques once therapy is complete.
In phase three through six, a target is identified and processed using EMDR procedures. These involve the client identifying the most vivid visual image related to the memory (if available), a negative belief about self, related emotions and body sensations. The client also identifies a preferred positive belief. The validity of the positive belief is rated, as is the intensity of the negative emotions.
After this, the client is instructed to focus on the image, negative thought, and body sensations while simultaneously moving his/her eyes back and forth following the therapist's fingers as they move across his/her field of vision for 20-30 seconds or more, depending upon the need of the client. Athough eye movements are the most commonly used external stimulus, therapists often use auditory tones, tapping, or other types of tactile stimulation. The kind of dual attention and the length of each set is customized to the need of the client. The client is instructed to just notice whatever happens. After this, the clinician instructs the client to let his/her mind go blank and to notice whatever thought, feeling, image, memory, or sensation comes to mind. Depending upon the client's report the clinician will facilitate the next focus of attention. In most cases a client-directed association process is encouraged. This is repeated numerous times throughout the session. If the client becomes distressed or has difficulty with the process, the therapist follows established procedures to help the client resume processing. When the client reports no distress related to the targeted memory, the clinician asks him/her to think of the preferred positive belief that was identified at the beginning of the session, or a better one if it has emerged, and to focus on the incident, while simultaneously engaging in the eye movements. After several sets, clients generally report increased confidence in this positive belief. The therapist checks with the client regarding body sensations. If there are negative sensations, these are processed as above. If there are positive sensations, they are further enhanced.
In phase seven, closure, the therapist asks the client to keep a journal during the week to document any related material that may arise and reminds the client of the self-calming activities that were mastered in phase two.
The next session begins with phase eight, re-evaluation of the previous work, and of progress since the previous session. EMDR treatment ensures processing of all related historical events, current incidents that elicit distress, and future scenarios that will require different responses. The overall goal is produce the most comprehensive and profound treatment effects in the shortest period of time, while simultaneously maintaining a stable client within a balanced system.
After EMDR processing, clients generally report that the emotional distress related to the memory has been eliminated, or greatly decreased, and that they have gained important cognitive insights. Importantly, these emotional and cognitive changes usually result in spontaneous behavioral and personal change, which are further enhanced with standard EMDR procedures." www.emdr.com
F. (2001). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles,
Protocols and Procedures (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Dissociation Menu


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You are cordially invited to the First Annual Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Research Forum on Saturday, January 22, 2011 in the Grand Maple Ballroom of the UVM Dudley H. Davis Student Center. We encourage all members of the UVM community with an interest in the Neuroscience, Behavior and Health (NBH) Spire of Excellence to attend. This will be a wonderful opportunity to view UVM research in neuroscience and behavior and to initiate new collaborations. Research by undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral trainees will be highlighted.
To register for the Forum, please go to http://www.uvm.edu/~vtsfn/forum6.php. This forum will be free to anyone in the UVM community who is NOT presently a member of the Vermont Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience. Please note that the keynote talk on Jan 21 is open to the public, but, if you want to attend the banquet, you must pay for it.
Please contact Rae Nishi, PhD, Chair, NBH Steering Committee and Professor, Anatomy and Neurobiology, at email@example.com if you have questions.


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Roy • Roy coach Dan McClure laughed when asked what he thought the outcome of Tuesday night's rivalry game between Class 5A Fremont and Class 4A Roy would be if Royal star forward Brekkott Chapman was held without a field goal the entire night.
"I would say we better make some 3s," he said. "I would have been extremely nervous about that. Extremely nervous."
Good thing seniors Jesse Wayment and David Hadley came to the rescue to calm those nerves. Wayment, a 6-foot guard, scored a game-high 22 points and hit four 3-pointers, while Hadley chipped in 12 to lead the Royals past the Silverwolves 54-48.
Roy improved to 5-3, while Fremont dropped to 2-8, but Wayment said when it comes to rivalry games, it doesn't matter how one team is doing at that juncture in the season.
"It's a rivalry," he said. "Anything can happen."
Chapman, the Royals' star big man, struggled with a unique defense implemented by the Silverwolves and he was flummoxed often throughout the evening, held to a total of four points all of which came from the free-throw line.
"I can have a bad game and I have solid, solid players behind me who can win us a game, and tonight proves that," he said.
Fremont's usage of a diamond zone press took Chapman out of the equation throughout the game, and, in the first half, it had Roy on its heels as the Silverwolves took a 29-22 lead into halftime.
"We weren't ready for it," Wayment said. "We came out in the second half prepared for it."
The senior guard scored 15 of his game-high 22 points in the second half and ignited a 9-2 third-quarter run that got the Royals back even with the Silverwolves after two free throws from Wayment gave his team renewed life.
"He was huge," McClure said of his senior. "A huge spark."
McClure said it was only a matter of time before his guards surrounding Chapman would break the defense employed by the Silverwolves.
They did.
Along with Wayment's four 3-pointers, Hadley had two, as did sophomore guard Logan LaRose.
"We just missed some good shots early on," McClure said. "I knew eventually they'd start to go down."
Fremont senior Kade Criswell paced the Silverwolves on offense with a team-high 12 points, as did junior guard Bryce Graves who came off the bench to hit three 3-pointers and score 11 points.
But stealing the spotlight from Chapman and the rivalry the two schools are separated by only 11 miles was Jesse Wayment, who willed his team to victory in the second half with timely long-range shots and a tenacious attitude.
"Rivalries are always going to be intense," he said.
On Tuesday night, Wayment's intensity helped his team win bragging rights until 2013.
Twitter: @chriskamrani


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What's Happening
What's Happening
The Hot Glass Demo is a live, narrated glassblowing demonstration, offered all day, every day. It is included in the cost of admission. Allow 30 minutes per demonstration, the duration of special demos may vary.
You'll see master glassmakers take glowing gobs of molten glass on the end of a pipe and skillfully shape them into vases, bowls, or sculptures. A narrator talks through the process, and cameras inside the 2300°F furnace ensure you don't miss a single step along the way.
Here's one area of the Museum where we actually encourage visitors to break glass! The Glassbreaking Demo explores how glass breaks and why. The demo is included in the cost of admission. Allow 15 minutes per demonstration.
Ever wonder how the glass in your car window breaks different from the windows in your home? Or how bullet-proof glass is made? Demonstrators show how glass can become stronger or weaker depending on how it is heated or cooled – and how this phenomenon affects the way it breaks.
The Glassbreaking Demo takes place in the Windows Gallery of the Innovation Center.
The Optical Fiber Demo explains how thin threads of glass can carry enormous amounts of digital information and power our high-speed information age. The demo is included in the cost of admission. Allow 15 minutes per demonstration, the duration of special demos may vary.
Demonstrators show how light can be used for communication, how glass can accurately carry light signals, what glass composition will carry light signals most clearly, and how optical fiber provides us with the massive amounts of bandwidth necessary for today's world.
Flameworking Demos are live, narrated demonstrations of glassworking at a 5,000 degree Fahrenheit gas- and oxygen-powered torch. Demos take place in the Glass Innovation Center, and are included in the cost of admission. Allow 15 minutes per demonstration, the duration of special demos may vary.
Expert flameworkers demonstrate the glassmaking technique of forming objects from rods and tubes of glass at a torch, and talk you through the process. During the demo, you'll see the flameworker melt the rods in the flame and then shape the softened glass into any variety of shapes, from glass animals to beads to ornaments, sculptures, and vessels.
Explore 35 centuries of glass.
Take a docent-led tour of the special exhibition, Tiffany's Glass Mosaics, and other mosaics in the Museum's collection.


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Brevard, N.C. – Brevard College baseball standouts Spencer Linn and Shane Galloway each earned a spot on the All-Star Team in the Southern Collegiate Baseball League, headlining a list of a number of summer performances by Brevard College players in 2008.
Linn, who is both pitching and playing in the field for the Asheville Redbirds this summer, made the South Team All-Stars for his work on the mound in the first-half of the short season. The right-hander is 2-1 on the year with an ERA of 2.31 in 23.1 innings pitches in five appearances.
Galloway, a teammate of Linn's on the Asheville Redbirds was also named as an alternate to the South Team All-Stars as a pitcher. The left-handed hurler, who has not received much offensive run support in a number of his outings, is 1-3 in six appearances for the Redbirds, having posted an ERA of 4.25 over 36.0 innings of work.
Other Brevard College Tornados in action this summer:
Seth Laughter – RHP
Asheville Redbirds (SCBL)
2-3, 17.0 innings
Matt Castro – RHP
Asheville Redbirds (SCBL)
0-0, 7.1 innings of relief work
Jason Merill – C/1B
Asheville Redbirds (SCBL)
.161 batting average, six RBI, 13 games played
Jackie Corn – C/1B
Asheville Redbirds (SCBL)
.225 batting average, eight runs, seven RBI, 16 games played
Brice Warner – OF
Carolina Thunder (SCBL)
.296 batting average, seven runs, eight hits, 13 games played
Michael Calhoun – 1B
Carolina Thunder (SCBL)
.143 batting average, five games played
Vance Crook – INF/P
Carolina Chaos (SCBL)
.214 batting average, nine games played
0-0, 2 K's, in one relief appearance


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|Click here to view the item
|Photograph of Sarah Ogan Gunning smiling at table with coffee
Sarah Ogan Gunning smiling at table with coffee in an informal pose.
The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata.
Title provided by cataloger.
|Black-and-white photographs
|Gunning, Sarah Ogan, 1910-1983 | Musicians--Tennessee--Knoxville | Women social reformers--Tennessee--Knoxville | Social movements--Tennessee--Knoxville | Drinking cups--Tennessee--Knoxville | Knoxville (Tenn.) | Knox County (Tenn.)
|Highlander Folk School: A Photographic History
|Highlander Research and Education Center
|Emory University | Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.) | Highlander Folk School Collection (Emory University)
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|[Atlanta, Ga.] : Emory University | 2005
|Original Material:
1 photograph : b&w
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Forms part of the Highlander Folk School Collection.
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Range Map
The Laughing Kookaburra, Dacelo novaeguineae, is an Australian carnivorous bird in the kingfisher family. This species of kookaburra is well known for its laughing call. The laughing kookaburra was first described by French naturalist Johann Hermann in 1783, its specific epithet novaeguineae refers to New Guinea. It is found throughout eastern Australia, and has been introduced into the south-west corner of Western Australia, Tasmania, Flinders Island, Kangaroo Island.
Prefer open eucalyptus forests and woodland, riparian habitats along major watercourses. Kookaburra have adapted extremely well to modified or urbanized areas such as farmland, parks and gardens, and residential zones.
Laughing kookaburra are the largest of the kingfishers. Males have an average weight of 307g, while females are slightly larger at an average of 352g. Kookaburras are monomorphic (similar plumage between the sexes)and have a primarily whitish body (head and underparts);dark brown back and ear-coverts and a rufous-brown tail and rump with black barring. Variable amounts of blue feathering can be found on the rump and wing coverts. The upper mandible of their formidable bill is dark brown, contrasting with the upturned, pale-colored lower bill. In flight, the white bases of the primary feathers appear as a large spot on the outer wings. As with other members of the kingfisher family, kookaburra have relative short, weak legs which are effective for perching, but are not used for hunting prey.
Kookaburra are typically long-lived. Longevity in the wild is 111&fras1;2years. In captivity, longevity is often 20-30 years.
In the wild: Kookaburras are generalists and will eat anything they are able to swallow. Insects, arthropods and small reptiles, such as skinks, make up the majority of their diet. In some areas, mollusks, crustaceans, frogs and fish are also consumed. Although kookaburras are kingfishers, fish is not a major component of their diet, and some individuals may never have access to that source of food if their territory lacks a pond or stream. Small birds, mammals and snakes are taken less often. When living in close proximity to humans, kookaburras are well known to accept food scraps and other offerings and will readily come down to an occupied picnic table or kitchen window for hand-outs. Similar to birds of prey, indigestible components of the diet (hair, exoskeletons, etc.) are regurgitated in the form of a cast.
At the zoo: Hopper mice, crickets and mealworms. Mouse pinkies and extra bugs are offered in addition to the adult diet during chick-rearing.
In the wild, kookaburras nest from September through December (springtime in the southern hemisphere). Pairs are monogamous and mate for life. Kookaburras are highly social and often live in extended family groups composed of the adult breeding pair and offspring remaining in their natal territory as helpers (see Life Cycle below for more details). As spring approaches, pairs become more vocal, and the male begins offering courtship feedings to the female. This behavior reinforces the pair bond while ensuring the female is getting ample food prior to egg-laying. Concurrently, the pair begins inspecting and cleaning out their nest. Kookaburras most commonly nest in existing horizontal tree cavities located in large eucalyptus trees. Unlike woodpeckers, they are not capable of excavating new nest holes, thus making them reliant on the presence of natural cavities (i.e. from broken tree branches, fire scars, etc.) for nesting. Their weak legs and feet prevent them from nesting in vertical cavities since they are unable to climb up steep cavity walls like parrots. Nests can be located as low as ground level but are typically higher up (some recorded as high as 180 feet). When natural tree cavities are lacking in a territory, kookaburras have been known to nest in termite mounds, haystacks, or holes in a wall.
A clutch of 1-5 eggs can be laid, but 2-3 eggs is more common. A 24-48 hour interval between the 1st and 2nd egg is typical, and 17-96 hour intervals between subsequent eggs. Both the male and female (and helpers to a lesser extent) incubate the eggs which hatch after a 24-29 day incubation period. After hatching, the chicks are fed, brooded and defended by both sexes (and all members of a family group, if present). When food resources are limited, competition between chicks in the nest can be severe, often resulting in siblicide and the death of younger, weaker offspring. Asynchronous hatching of eggs contributes to this competition for food resources in the nest.
Chicks fledge at 32-40 days of age and are cared by the parents and helpers for an additional 6-8 weeks. Female offspring leave their natal territory at 1-2 years of age while males disperse at 2-4 years.
Laughing kookaburras are highly sedentary and territorial. The size of their territory is dependent upon the quality of the habitat and the presence of key features within that habitat. These features include: potential nesting hollows, roosting trees, and predictable food resources.
Kookaburras are cooperative breeders and form extended family groups comprised of close relatives- primarily offspring of various ages from previous years. Remaining young act as helpers and assist with raising subsequent broods and defending the family territory. Male offspring tend to act as helpers more than females and tend to remain with their parents longer before dispersing. Groups of 3 to 9 birds have been reported, but family size is highly dependent upon, and limited by, the quality of the territory's habitat and food resources. Within a family, the adult pair remains dominant over all offspring, and older offspring are dominant over all younger siblings. Helpers within a family are always recruited from a pair's offspring hatched in previous years, never from surrounding, unrelated groups. Territories are aggressively defended by the pair and helpers. Maintenance of territory boundaries is achieved primarily through the use of their distinctive, well-known laughing vocalizations. In the early morning and evening, group members gather in select portions of the territory to engage in a loud, raucous chorus to announce their presence to neighboring kookaburra families.
Young birds eventually disperse to fill vacancies in breeding pairs in surrounding territories. They do not disperse to act as helpers, however, since that role is reserved for birds that are directly related to a breeding pair.
Adults and fledglings are vulnerable to many sources of predation. Avian predators include large owls and diurnal raptors. Nestlings and incubating adults can be taken by pythons, goannas and quolls. Introduced fox and domestic cats are also significant predators. Collisions with vehicles can negatively impact kookaburras living in close proximity to humans. Although good-intentioned people may feed kookaburras table scraps and meat leftovers, adults and/or nestlings that are overfed on inappropriate (human) food may suffer from nutritional deficiencies or developmental abnormalities.
The zoo has 3 pairs of Laughing kookaburra. One pair is on exhibit in Australasia, next to the Willawong Station. Two other pairs are off-exhibit for breeding purposes.
Preserve nest cavities; install artificial nest boxes in the absence of natural cavities; avoid using pesticides in your garden in order to protect beneficial, insectivorous animals in your yard. Visit the How You Can Help section for more tips.
el Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds. (2001) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol.6. Mousebirds to Hornbills. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Legge, S.(2004) Kookaburra: King of the Bush. Australian Natural History Series, CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, Australia.
Fry, C.H., Fry, K. & Harris, A. (1992). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters & Rollers. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Coraciiformes Family: Halcyonidae Genus: Dacelo Species: D. novaeguineae
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