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How to Make a Piano Sing
AbstractThe renowned pianist Vladimir Horowitz once said, "The most important thing is to transform the piano from a percussive instrument into a singing instrument." Check out this project to learn about sympathetic vibrations, one way to make piano strings sing.
The goal of this project is to understand which notes can induce sympathetic vibrations on an "open" string on the piano.
Andrew Olson, Ph.D., Science Buddies
- The Vladimir Horowitz quote in the project description on the Physics home page is from the liner notes to the CD collection, The Magic of Horowitz, Hamburg, Germany: Deutsche Grammophon GmbH, 1989.
- Henderson, T., 2004. "Lesson 5: Physics of Musical Instruments: Resonance," The Physics Classroom. Retrieved January 5, 2015, from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-5/Resonance.
- Irvine, T., 2000. "An Introduction to Music Theory," VibrationData.com Piano Page. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http://www.vibrationdata.com/piano.htm.
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Last edit date: 2015-01-08
How can you make a piano string sing? What are sympathetic vibrations? This project will show you what and how. You'll need a quiet room with a piano, and some knowledge of sound waves and how they are produced.
This is a fairly simple project that explores the science of musical sounds. What exactly do we mean by musical sounds? It will help if we think about it step-by-step. First, we need to understand the basics of sound: how it is produced and how it is perceived. Then we can consider what makes a sound musical.
You'll also need to understand some basic properties of waves to get the most out of this project. We'll provide a quick introduction here, but for a more complete understanding we recommend some background research on your own. The Bibliography section, below, has some good starting points for researching this project.
What is sound? Sound is a wave, a pattern—simple or complex, depending on the sound—of changing air pressure. Sound is produced by vibrations of objects. The vibrations push and pull on air molecules. The pushes cause a local compression of the air (increase in pressure), and the pulls cause a local rarefaction of the air (decrease in pressure). Since the air molecules are already in constant motion, the compressions and rarefactions starting at the original source are rapidly transmitted through the air as an expanding wave. When you throw a stone into a still pond, you see a pattern of waves rippling out in circles on the surface of the water, centered about the place where the stone went in. Sound waves travel through the air in a similar manner, but in all three dimensions. If you could see them, the pattern of sound waves from the stone hitting the water would resemble an expanding hemisphere. The sound waves from the stone also travel much faster than the rippling water waves from the stone (you hear the sound long before the ripples reach you). The exact speed depends on the number of air molecules and their intrinsic (existing) motion, which are reflected in the air pressure and temperature. At sea level (one atmosphere of pressure) and room temperature (20°C), the speed of sound is about 344 m/s.
Perception of a sound begins when sound pressure waves reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum), a thin, flexible membrane in the middle ear. The pressure waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate. The vibrations are amplified by a series of three tiny bones and transmitted to the cochlea. Curled up inside the fluid-filled, snail-shaped cochlea is the organ of Corti, where the vibrations are transduced into nerve impulses by cells called hair cells. Moving along the length of the organ of Corti, each region is sensitive to vibrations of decreasing frequency (i.e., higher pitch). The nerve impulses from the hair cells are conducted to the brain, where they are further processed, leading ultimately to the perception of sound. (Chudler, 2006; Kelly, J.P., 1991)
You've seen that one way to describe a wave is by its speed. In addition to speed, we will also find it useful to describe waves by their frequency, period, and wavelength. Let's start with frequency (f). The top part of Figure 1, below, represents the compressions (darker areas) and rarefactions (lighter areas) of a pure-tone (i.e., single frequency) sound wave traveling in air (Henderson, 2004). If we were to measure the changes in pressure with a detector, and graph the results, we could see how the pressure changes over time, as shown in the bottom part of Figure 1. The peaks in the graph correspond to the compressions (increase in pressure) and the troughs in the graph correspond to the rarefactions (decrease in pressure).
Figure 1. Illustration of a sound wave as compression and rarefaction of air, and as a graph of pressure vs. time (Henderson, 2004).
Notice how the pressure rises and falls in a regular cycle. The frequency of a wave describes how many cycles of the wave occur per unit time. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), which is the number of cycles per second. Figure 2, below, shows examples of sound waves of two different frequencies (Henderson, 2004).
Figure 2. Graphs of high (top) and low (bottom) frequency waves (Henderson, 2004).
Figure 2 also shows the period (T) of the wave, which is the time that elapses during a single cycle of the wave. The period is simply the reciprocal of the frequency (T = 1/f). For a sound wave, the frequency corresponds to the perception of the pitch of the sound. The higher the frequency, the higher the perceived pitch. On average, the frequency range for human hearing is from 20 Hz at the low end to 20,000 Hz at the high end.
The wavelength is the distance (in space) between corresponding points on a single cycle of a wave (e.g., the distance from one compression maximum (crest) to the next). The wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and speed (v) of a wave are related by a simple equation: v = fλ. So if we know any two of these variables (wavelength, frequency, speed), we can calculate the third.
Now it is time to take a look at how sound waves are produced by a musical instrument. For a scientist, it is always a good idea to know as much as you can about your experimental apparatus! Figure 3, below, is a top-down view of an open grand piano.
Figure 3. Top view of an open grand piano.
The piano has many tightly-stretched strings which are struck by felt-covered, wooden hammers when a piano key is pressed (more on this later). The diagonal layout of the bass strings provides for maximum length. The strings are stretched over a bridge (above the sinuous green line in the diagram), which transmits their vibrations to the soundboard. The soundboard, with its large area, amplifies the sound of the strings. (One way to see this for yourself is with the mechanism from a music box. First try playing it while holding it in the air. Then, place it in contact with a wood surface, like solid wood table top, and play it again. The music box mechanism causes the table to vibrate. The table has a much larger surface area in contact with the air. The sound is greatly amplified by the wood.) The cast iron frame of the piano bears the load of the strings, whose combined tension can total 20 tons.
The mechanism that transmits the force of the pianists fingers on the keys to the hammers that strike the strings is called the action. It is a complicated mechanism (see the Bibliography for references that show how the action works in detail) but, basically, here's how it works. A piano key is a long lever. Inside the piano, when you press on a key, the other end of the lever initiates two actions: 1) a damper (small felt pad that silences the string) is lifted from the string and 2) the hammer is set in motion. The hammer is not directly connected to the key, so at a certain point, it is carried forward by its own momentum, and bounces off of the string. This way, the hammer does not remain in contact with the string, which would act to dampen the vibration and silence the string. As long as you hold the key down, the damper is remains raised and the string can continue to vibrate. When you let go of the key, the damper re-contacts the string and silences it. A final detail: although the description above refers to a singular "string," only the lowest piano notes are played by single strings. In the treble range, there are three strings for each note (the hammer hits all three at once), and in the lower midrange, there are two strings for each note. We will continue to refer to a single string, but keep in mind that, for most of the piano's notes, there is more than one string.
The string vibrates between two fixed points: where it is stretched over the bridge and the opposite end of the string, where it is attached to the frame. The vibration results in a standing wave on the string. The fixed points of the string don't move (nodes), while other points on the string oscillate back and forth maximally (antinodes). Figure 5, below, shows some of the standing wave patterns that can occur on a vibrating string (Nave, 2006a).
Figure 4. Standing waves on a vibrating string, showing the fundamental (top), first harmonic (middle), and second harmonic (bottom) vibrational modes. (Nave, 2006a)
The string can vibrate at several different natural modes (harmonics). Each of these vibrational modes has nodes at the fixed ends of the string. The fundamental mode (Figure 5, top) has a single antinode halfway along the string. Thus, the wavelength of the fundamental vibration is twice the length (L) of the string. The second harmonic has a node halfway along the string. Thus, the wavelength of the second harmonic is equal to the length of the string. Remember that the relationship between wavelength and frequency depends on the speed of the wave. We can rewrite the equation presented earlier as f = v/λ. If we take the ratio between the frequency, f2, of the second harmonic and the frequency, f1, of the first harmonic, the velocity term cancels out:
You can continue the calculations for the higher harmonics yourself. What is the frequency of the third harmonic, relative to the fundamental?
At last, you have enough of an introduction to sound waves and pianos so that you can understand how one string can make another "sing." Playing a key to strike the string with the hammer is one way to start the string vibrating, but the strings can also be set in motion by sound. If you lift up the damper on a string (if you press the key very slowly and gently, you can do this without sounding the string with the hammer), you leave the string "open" to vibrate. If you then play and release another note, e.g., one octave higher, you will hear the open string sound. It sings!
How does this work? The fundamental vibration of the string for the note one octave higher is at the same frequency as the second harmonic of the open string. The vibration of the higher string, transmitted through the air and (via the soundboard) through the bridge, sets excites this vibrational mode of the open string. This phenomenon is called sympathetic vibration. Besides octaves, what other intervals can excite an open string? The Experimental Procedure section, below, shows you how to find out.
Terms and Concepts
To do this project, you should do research that enables you to understand the following terms and concepts:
- Wave speed (velocity)
- Frequency
- Wavelength
- Interference
- Standing wave
- Harmonics
- Sound wave
- Musical scale
- Octave
- Sympathetic vibration
Waves: the first reference is a good general introduction, and those that follow cover the specific topics indicated by their titles:
- Henderson, T., 2004. "Sound Waves and Music," The Physics Classroom, Glenbrook South High School, Glenview, IL. Retrieved March 27, 2006 from http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound.
- Nave, C.R., 2006a. "Standing Waves on a String," HyperPhysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University. Retrieved March 27, 2006 from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/waves/string.html#c1.
- Nave, C.R., 2006b. "Resonances of Open Air Columns," HyperPhysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University. Retrieved March 27, 2006 from http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/waves/opecol.html#c1.
- Chudler, E.H., 2006. "Neuroscience for Kids: The Ear," Neuroscience for Kids, University of Washington Engineered Biomaterials. Retrieved March 27, 2006 from http://staff.washington.edu/chudler/bigear.html.
- This site has a 3-D animation of grand piano action:
- This webpage has diagrams of a typical upright piano action:
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Materials and Equipment
To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment:
- a quiet room with a piano (ideally one that has been tuned within the last six months),
- stopwatch or watch with a second hand,
- helper to assist with timing.
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Experimental Procedure
- Start by holding the C2 (two octaves below middle C) string open. Depress the key very slowly so that the damper is lifted up, but the hammer does not cause the string to vibrate. There should be no sound. If you do hear sound, let go of the key, wait a second or two (the damper will contact the string and silence it), and try again.
- While still holding C2 open, firmly play and quickly release C3 (one octave below middle C). If you're familiar with music terminology, you want to play a forte stacatto note. If you're familiar with physics terminology, you are trying to produce an impulse response with the hammer on the C3 string.
- The tone from the C3 string will die away quickly when the damper re-contacts the string after you let go of the key. However, since you are holding the C2 string open, you should still hear a sound. If you let go of the C2 key, the sound should die away quickly as the damper re-contacts the C2 string. Let go of the C2 key and prove to yourself that it is the source of the continued sound.
- Next you will time the duration of the sympathetic vibration induced in the open C2 string by each of the notes between C3 and C4, inclusive (the test notes). Make a data table in your lab notebook, with at least three spaces for each of the thirteen notes.
- Start by holding the C2 (two octaves below middle C) string open. Depress the key very slowly so that the damper is lifted up, but the hammer does not cause the string to vibrate. There should be no sound. If you do hear sound, let go of the key, wait a second or two (the damper will contact the string and silence it), and try again.
- Have your helper count down (3-2-1-go!) and start the stopwatch on "Go!" At the same moment, firmly play and release the note you are testing. Try to use the same motion (same amount of force, same acceleration) for each test note you play.
- Listen carefully to the sound of the C2 string, and at the first moment you can no longer hear it, say "Stop!" Your helper should immediately stop the stopwatch. Write down the duration in your data table.
- Repeat the duration measurement at least three times for each test key. Depending on how consistent you are in striking the test note, you may need more trials to get consistent results.
- Average the duration results for each test note.
- Graph your results (a bar graph aligned with a graphic of the piano keys corresponding to the test notes would be one idea). The duration of the sound on the C2 string is a measure of the strength of the vibrational excitation from the test note. Which test notes excite C2 most strongly? Do you see any patterns in the duration data?
- Figure 5, below, shows the fundamental frequencies for each of the piano strings. Compute harmonics 1–6 for C2. How do these compare to the fundamental frequencies of the test notes? To their harmonics? Which modes of C2 are excited by which test notes?
- Make calculations for the octave between C2 and C3 (or between C4 and C5). Predict which test notes will produce the longest-duration symapathetic vibrations. Repeat your test with the new test octave and test your hypothesis. What did you learn?
Figure 5. Fundamental frequencies of the 88 notes on the piano (Irvine, 2000).
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- Start with a different open string. Which notes do you predict will make the string "sing" the longest?
- If you are good with using computers and software, you can add digital recording and frequency analysis to this project. Many audio editing programs have this capability. If you do not have such a program on your computer, you can probably find a reasonably priced shareware program on the Web. Try searching for "sound frequency analysis software" or "wav file frequency analysis software." You can try shareware programs before buying them, but if you decide to use the program, do follow through and pay the registration fee. Verify the frequencies of the sympathetic vibrations are what you expect. You can also compare the relative energies of the sympathetic vibrations. Which harmonics are excited most strongly? Does it correlate with the tone duration? Try hitting a second note. Can you hear a chord on the open string? How does this affect the frequencies you record?
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marisabell23 said:
2016-11-27 16:04:21
What was the most important thing you learned?
I learned that the duration of the sympathetic vibrations increased as the note went up the piano keyboard.
What problems did you encounter?
Can you suggest any improvements or ideas?
Overall, how would you rate the quality of this project?
Very Good
What is your enthusiasm for science after doing your project?
Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project.
|Do you agree?
|Report Inappropriate Comment
OrionLi said:
2015-11-29 12:52:38
What was the most important thing you learned?
What problems did you encounter?
Can you suggest any improvements or ideas?
Overall, how would you rate the quality of this project?
What is your enthusiasm for science after doing your project?
Very low
Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project.
|Do you agree?
|Report Inappropriate Comment
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If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers:
PhysicistPhysicists have a big goal in mind—to understand the nature of the entire universe and everything in it! To reach that goal, they observe and measure natural events seen on Earth and in the universe, and then develop theories, using mathematics, to explain why those phenomena occur. Physicists take on the challenge of explaining events that happen on the grandest scale imaginable to those that happen at the level of the smallest atomic particles. Their theories are then applied to human-scale projects to bring people new technologies, like computers, lasers, and fusion energy. Read more
Sound Engineering TechnicianAny time you hear music at a concert, a live speech, the police sirens in a TV show, or the six o'clock news you're hearing the work of a sound engineering technician. Sound engineering technicians operate machines and equipment to record, synchronize, mix, or reproduce music, voices, or sound effects in recording studios, sporting arenas, theater productions, or movie and video productions. Read more
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Main Library
Allen Planetarium, South Vigo High School
Tuesday, June 24 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm
Please Call to Register.
*Tickets are sold out*Have you ever heard about "exoplanets"? They are planets outside the solar system and there are about 1800 of them! Summer Reading Club participants and their families are invited to a special presentation about our solar system at the Allen Planetarium at South Vigo High School by the planetarium director, Holly Hudson. She will also show us the night sky and share new information on the "exoplanets." The first show is from 3:00-4:00 p.m. and the second is 6:30-7:30 p.m. Admittance is free, but everyone must have a ticket since space is limited. Please visit Youth Services or West Branch to pick up your tickets.

subset: commoncrawl


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"One Light, Many Candles," a multi-faith program in word and song, will be performed at 4 p.m. Sunday at Cal State San Bernardino's Performing Arts Recital Hall.
Noel Paul Stookey will be joined by his wife of 48 years, Rev. Betty Stookey, a United Church of Christ minister, business woman, teacher, wife and mother.
Their program will be presented as the 26th annual Morrow-McCombs Memorial Lecture. Admission to the event is free, however, tickets are limited. To reserve up to four free tickets, visit the CSUSB Music Department's online ticketing website.
Parking the day of the event will be free in Lot C.
For more information on the Stookey's program, visit the One Light, Many Candles website.
For more information on the event, call the Cal State Music Department box office, 909-537-7516.


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January 03, 2012 at 06:24:14 Jan 03, 2012 @ 06:24
get some more hockey jerseys goin
"shorter" height snapbacks...
both of the snaps I bought this year fit kind of goofy.....just way too tall and blocky overall.
they weren't starters
all the snapbacks from previous years are really the nicest hats I own still.
besides that.....henley pullover hoodies? maybe? idk.
when are those keep watch headphones coming out?
thanks , i wear 7 3/4th's in fitted
Yea I am a size 8, so I feel you on that
Thinking about it seriously: I'd really like to see the Design Dungeon updated more often. I love hearing about the references and influences that I missed.
Hopefully you guys start designing quality tees again. It's become rather repetitive and lacking :/ I only cop the crewnecks nowadays.
Death is Only the Beginning
resist the system http://culturalpropaganda.tumblr.com
resist the system http://culturalpropaganda.tumblr.com
Instagram: @realronjunior
http://www.ebay.com/sch/laureliz9/m.html? _nkw=&_armrs=1&_from=&_ipg=&_trksid=p3686
http://www.ebay.com/sch/laureliz9/m.html? _nkw=&_armrs=1&_from=&_ipg=&_trksid=p3686
S&M???hey greg- how about some dog collars? (for my dog)
Fucktard we been developed a ratio


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Tarmac wins, Levy loses. A few years from now, Levy commissioners and planners will be quoting Bill Clinton who, when asked about NAFTA, said, "It sounded like a pretty good deal at the time."
I came from Manatee County 26 years ago. I saw what happened there. Water wells freely flowed for farmers, no pumps, when I was a kid.
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March 2013
March 28, 2013 -- Construction questions
1. When parking lot and road access changes occur related to the Duckering Bldg. enlargement construction, will the metal staircase that leads from Alumni Drive to Tanana Loop be closed for use?
2. For those of us parking in Taku/Taku East lots, are we permitted to walk up the hill (on a trail) to access campus?
From Martin Klein, Facilities Services
The staircase will be open, but there will not be pedestrian access at the top of the stairs during the sewer line project, which will begin after Memorial Day. We're advising pedestrians to walk up Alumni Drive.
There will not be pedestrian access during the sewer line project unless someone wants to walk all the way around the construction. We're recommending that people who park in Taku take the shuttle to Wood Center. It will cut through the trail system to shorten the route and will go from Wood Center to West Ridge and loop back down to Taku.
Watch the Cornerstone news and information site, or www.uaf.edu/construction/ for updates.
March 18, 2013 -- UAOnline user name and password option
Why was the use of the UA user name and password to log into UAOnline discontinued shortly after it had been implemented?
From Mary Gower, Director of UA Enrollment Services
The UAOnline login change was tested extensively prior to going live, but an issue arose that could only be found with extremely large volumes of login activity. When this high threshold was reached in UAOnline and a problem occurred, staff quickly reverted UAOnline to use the original login option.
The problem has been identified and fixed. Prior to being re-introduced, the new login method will be volume-tested on a special server used for load testing registration at UAOnline. This new login option is expected to be available for students and employees before summer.
March 14, 2013 -- Parking logo use
On the parking ticket envelopes there is a very old UAF logo and it and instead of University of ALASKA Fairbanks it has the old University of Alaska FAIRBANKS.
We've alerted Parking Services to the logo guidelines. They had been trying to use up a large quantity of overstock.
March 14, 2013 -- Construction on campus
I understand some major renovations are planned for the lower campus this summer that will affect parking, road closures, and building closures. Would you please elucidate?
A number of construction projects across the campus will affect roads, parking lots and pedestrian walkways this summer. The three big projects in the campus core include the Wood Center Dining Facility Expansion, the Fine Arts Project and the Engineering Building, which will take place over the next two years. Tanana Loop road will close April 1 from the west end of the Bunnell Building to the east side of the Duckering Building, and will remain closed for the duration of the project. A temporary road will be built later this year from Salcha Street to the South Bunnell lot to allow parking as the Tanana Loop closure extends to the intersection and closes access to the parking lot to the south.
Contractors for the Wood Center Dining expansion and Engineering Building will be on site by April 15. The number of projects in this centralized location will likel inconvenience students, employees and visitors to campus at times. You can help by learning more about the projects. For more information please visit www.uaf.edu/construction/ consider attending one of the following informal Q and A sessions:
- Tuesday, March 19 in the Great Hall from 1 – 3 p.m.
- Tuesday, March 19, in the Akasofu Building Lobby from 3:30 – 4:30 p.m.
- Recording available for the March 6 forum with project managers.
The new projects will add more than 150,000 square-feet of new space to the campus. They will significantly change the look and feel of the campus core and help better serve our students.
The Construction Parking Map (pdf) shows some of the work and affected parking lots throughout the summer. If you still have additional questions, please send us an email.


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Washington : Government Printing Office
|Chap. 276
|Kansas. Jurisdiction over offenses involving certain Indians.
|Chap. 276
|Proviso. Noninterference with jurisdiction of U.S. courts.
Page 53
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That jurisdiction is hereby conferred on the State of Kansas over offenses committed by or against Indians on Indian reservations, including trust or restricted allotments, within the State of Kansas, to the same extent as its courts have jurisdiction over offenses committed elsewhere within the State in accordance with the laws of the State: Provided, however, That nothing herein contained shall deprive the courts of the United States of jurisdiction over offenses defined by the laws of the United States committed by or against Indians on Indian reservations.
Approved, June 8, 1940.


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Photo gallery: Former Redlands Teacher Laura Whitehurst Receives 1-Year Jail Sentence For Sex With Students
Related stories:
7 Similar cases and punishments for teachers who had sex with students
Whitehurst seeks plea bargain; former student retains attorney
Bail reduced for former Redlands teacher accused of sex crimes
Former teacher pleads not guilty to multiple counts of unlawful sex with students
SAN BERNARDINO -- A former Redlands high school teacher charged with committing sex acts with students -- including one who allegedly fathered her baby -- accepted a plea bargain Wednesday.
Laura Whitehurst, 28, pleaded guilty to six felony counts "" four counts of unlawful sexual intercourse and two counts of oral copulation of a person under the age of 18 -- in San Bernardino Superior Court.
She is expected to be sentenced to 365 days in jail and five years probation, per the terms in her plea agreement, when she returns to court on August 28.
Whitehurst was facing 41 felony counts, which carried a maximum sentence of 29 years in prison. The remaining counts will be dismissed at her sentencing.
"I'm happy that we kept her from going to prison, I'm not happy that she's going to spend time in county jail," Whitehurst's attorney James Gass said after the hearing.
Outside the courtroom, San Bernardino County Deputy District Attorney Melissa Rodriguez told reporters she spoke with the victims about the plea bargain.
"The victims in this case would like to move forward with their lives and this is a way for them to do that," Rodriguez said.
She added that this is Whitehurst's chance to rehabilitate herself.
"The goal of our criminal justice system is both punishment and rehabilitation, so this is that opportunity for her," Rodriguez said.
At Wednesday's hearing Whitehurst was again wearing a green jumpsuit, which indicated she was in protective custody.
Whitehurst appeared to be laughing and joking with fellow inmates as she waited for the Judge Arthur Harrison to call her case, seemingly more relaxed this time.
"I think that when people are nervous in public sometimes they smile," Gass said after the hearing. "I know she is emotionally somewhat traumatized by what she is going through."
The plea bargain, which came about four weeks after Whitehurst was originally arrested, allowed her to avoid state prison.
"I tried to get her less than a year (in jail) but I didn't have a lot of leverage since, according to the police reports, she admitted that those things occurred," Gass said.
The case came to light after Whitehurst, an English teacher at Citrus Valley High School and Redlands High School, gave birth to a child June 18.
Police say John Doe 1, a 17-year-old boy who graduated from Citrus Valley, fathered the child.
Whitehurst was first arrested July 1, but posted bail and was released from custody.
Two other victims then came forward and Whitehurst was arrested again on July 8. She has been in custody since then.
Gass said the victims ages factored into the deal. One of the counts she pleaded guilty to occurred in 2007 when Whitehurst was 23 and the victim was a 16-year-old student at Redlands High School. Gass said the age differences weren't vast and Whitehurst wasn't targeting young children.
"She was not charged with doing anything against anyone's will or by force," Gass said.
Whitehurst's parents -- who were in court and declined comment -- are taking care of their six-week-old granddaughter, according to Gass, who added Whitehurst will seek custody when she finishes her sentence.
When asked how the family feels, Gass said, "I think their feelings are similar to mine -- she made some big mistakes that have serious consequences
On Wednesday Whitehurst was ordered by a judge to stay away from the father of her son.
But John Doe 1 will turn 18 years old soon, Gass said, which could alter the terms of her probation.
"The court will have to change the order from a no contact order to a no negative contact order," Gass said.
Other terms of her agreement include forfeiting her teaching credential, registering as a sex offender and counseling.
Staff writer Melissa Pinion-Whitt contributed to this report.


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Pool Blue Locker String Lights
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Another bright idea: illuminate your locker with this magnetic, battery-operated string of lights.
- 63" long
- 14 LED bulbs.
- Requires 3 AA batteries (not included).
- Dimensions + Care
- Wipe with a soft dry cloth.
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This item will arrive in 3-5 business days. Please proceed to the Payment & Review page of Checkout for a precise delivery estimate.


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Template:U Maverick/Privacy
An interesting perspective on Internet privacy techniques can be found here.
PGP (Message Encryption)
PGP (OpenPGP and GnuPG) is a tool to encrypt your messages (such as email) to be unlocked only by someone who has a key to unlock it.
Enigmail with Thunderbird
By far the easiest method for encrypting email is using the Enigmail add-on for the Thunderbird email client. It creates PGP key pairs, stores and retrieves keys from keyrings, and encrypts and decrypts messages automatically.
Seahorse is the GUI for Gnome to manage the key pairs and other options of GnuPG. It can also manage your SSH keys. For more info see this tutorial. Run:
- Menu -> Applications -> Accessories --> Passwords and Encryption Keys
Tor (Network Privacy)
Tor is a project to allow privacy while using the Internet and to limit usage tracking. It routes your traffic through several anonymous nodes, so that your usage appears to come from an IP other than your own. (There are always risks when using the Internet that even Tor can not help with, though. Read this.) Using Tor can slow down your Internet usage significantly, depending on how much traffic is being passed through the Tor network (routine file-sharing or large downloads will also significantly reduce performance of the Tor network.)
- Install the Privoxy http proxy:
sudo apt-get install privoxy
- Install Tor by following the instructions here. Note that the instructions require port 11371 on your firewall to be open to use the gpg keyserver (and download the key for the debian package). Then see the Tor installation guide for details.
- For more installation tips, see this page.
Vidalia (Tor interface)
Vidalia is the recommended Qt4-based GUI frontend for Tor. If not installed with Tor, install:
sudo apt-get install vidalia
Torbutton (Firefox plug-in)
Once Tor is installed and running properly, Torbutton allows you to choose whether to use Firefox through the Tor anonymizing network or not. Install the .xpi extension directly from the website.
DNS Servers and Search engines
- Most users rely on the DNS server of their ISP (Internet Service Provider). DNS queries can be recorded, however, and theoretically correlated by an ISP to the data traffic to/from an IP address serviced by that ISP. A somewhat less trackable solution is to use a DNS service that does not belong to your ISP. This can belong to any another commercial ISP or to a third party service such as OpenDNS, Comodo, ScrubIT, Google (though slightly less secure due to Google's own tracking mechanisms), another free DNS service, or (for maximum security) a publicly-available international DNS server. For example, a Verizon customer could use the AT&T DNS servers or the OpenDNS servers. An AT&T customer could use one of the Verizon servers or the Google servers. It is important to use a reliable DNS provider, however, as man-in-the-middle DNS redirection and DNS cache poisoning attacks are increasingly common. Stick to one of the major DNS services (just not your own ISP's DNS service).
The DNS server setting can be changed in the router's settings (recommended) or individually for each computer. If changing on an individual computer, use the Network Manager or Wicd settings, or edit /etc/resolv.conf manually and change the nameservers to the addresses you desire to use:
sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf
- Many search engines track your search requests (notably Google, Bing, and Yahoo) and keep logs of the searches they receive from your IP address. DuckDuckGo.com is a filtered search engine that has made its reputation not only by promising not to track searches, but also by providing a secure (encrypted), Tor-capable and anonymized search portal. Point your browser to https://duckduckgo.com. It can be used with your Torbutton turned on.
- Many censorship/filtering/tracking techniques (that use deep packet inspection) cannot be used with secure (SSL/TLS encrypted) websites (denoted by https:// ). Use them whenever possible. For example, use the secure Wikimedia portal for Wikipedia (and other Wikimedia services) instead of the insecure portal(s).
- Many websites keep logs of referring http headers (which can be correlated with cookies to track your browsing activities). To turn off the passage of referral headers in Firefox, see this info.
Certificate verification
- Certificate authorities charge a fee to store and verify certificates. However, many websites use self-signed certificates that are not registered with any certifying authority. A free system of certificate "network notaries" has emerged called Perspectives. A certificate's validity (even if self-signed) can be checked using a Firefox plugin. For more info see this article.
- CAcert.org is a free certifying authority that maintains weak certificates that are recognized by many open source operating systems, but not by Firefox or most browsers. (For browsers that do not include CAcert.org recognition, certificates appear to be self-signed certificates.) While Debian incorporates CACert.org's root certificate by default, Ubuntu derivatives do not (Canonical was originally founded with funds earned from Thawte, a certifying authority founded by Mark Shuttleworth.)


text:
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Dear Honorable Commissioners:
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text:
but seriously.............................
the best line up ever 10 years too late
but seriously.............................
the best line up ever 10 years too late
Is it wrong that I'd rather watch that card more than any of the UFCs this year?
LANCASTER AND MORECAMBE MMA - Home to Shay Walsh, Matty Steele and Alex 'The Marksman' Makhonin
oh my fucking God, i would KILL to see that show. Discobro, you owe it to yourself to go along, get so drunk you can hardly stand and shout obnoxiously all night long!
'Go read a fucking book, you piece of shit.'
Luis Dutra Jr. looks a lot like a naked Sokodjou
Great card(s)! Hoping for Barnett, Daley, Teixeira, Monson, Bustamante, Filho & Sapp victories.
blimey jessie taylor has fallen from grace, weren't that long ago he was in the final of TUF being touted as the next big thing, then got drunk, dropped and disappeared.
"The more you sweat in peace, the less you bleed in war"
he's a plum for that. bloody incredible. hope Murilo twists him up and shouts 'Jiu-Jitsu!!!!!'
'Go read a fucking book, you piece of shit.'
God lols at Ken Shamrock v Pedro Rizzo. God may be seeing Shamrock at the pearly gates soon if he carrys on.
God is sponsered by SBMMA.co.uk. For real.
I'm going home this month, to Sydney. I miss out on seeing this show tho, gutted!


text:
Lanier Islands
7000 Lanier Islands Parkway Buford, GA 30518 770-945-8787
Day Skating Party: 11 am - 4 pm*
Bring your friends and family to ice skate at our Verizon Wireless Ice Skating Rink during the holidays!
Only $12 per person (includes skates) for UNLIMITED skating that day. What a deal!
$10 gate fee per carload applies during day skate hours (11 am - 4pm).
*At 4 pm, gate pricing changes to Magical Nights of Lights pricing. Holiday House opens at 5 pm.


text:
At one of our annual Reinvention symposia several years ago, we toured a recently built custom home on a waterfront site. It was a very handsome modern house in an area known for lots of other modern houses and a sophisticated market for high design in general. So I and our other attendees were quite surprised to see, attached to the dock next door, an angry looking handmade sign disparaging both the architect and the house we were there to admire.
Not only did this lay critic take to the high seas to make his views known, he also took to cyberspace, maligning our architect friend throughout the Internet. Who was this one-man design vigilante? A disgruntled neighbor. We saw his house, too, when we came to visit. And, let's just say, it is not destined to win any design awards. It might even merit its own online hate site.
The accessibility and reach of the Web has taken these homegrown scuffles and given them a national—even international—stage. Now and forever, anyone who Googles our architect's name also will pull up this vituperation. Journalists, relatives, and, worst of all, potential clients will filter this venom into their overall impression of our quite talented practitioner.
In the past, small-town architects knew they might run into neighbors at the grocery store and that kept them conciliatory, if not artistically compromised, at every step of the design and construction process. Well, the World Wide Web, as we used to call it, is now a global grocery store where everyone can run into you—even if you're dressed in sweats and wearing a cap to cover your dirty hair. You thought you could slip in for a quick quart of milk ...
It's a sobering, perhaps even staggering, lesson about the power of the Web to make our lives more difficult. We already knew we could use its power for the good of our businesses, but many of us have yet to feel the sting of its dark side.
For architects, the import is clear. There's a new imperative to really consider the neighbors and context where you work. If your project can be seen by others; others will have a strong opinion of it. You may not want to seek their buy in, but the cost of not addressing their concerns has grown exponentially larger.
How would you feel about a Facebook page devoted to slamming you and your work—with hundreds of fans on board? Alas, it's happening everywhere—especially on large commercial projects with imbedded controversy and impassioned opponents. Even out-of-town architects are not exempt. Gone are the days when they could swoop into a new city and impose their design brilliance on communities they only superficially understand. Thanks to the pervasiveness of search engines, the court of public opinion is now only keystrokes away. In other words, what happens in Vegas no longer stays in Vegas.
Maybe this new accountability isn't such a bad thing. Our editors at the magazine have recently spurned a number of projects for publication because of the heartless treatment of existing structures. Some of the new work is quite good in isolation, but none had the luxury of pure isolation. Instead, these projects mounted a full frontal assault on their surroundings.
One wonders what those neighbors are Tweeting about the architects. Here at the magazine, we talked only among ourselves, before we quietly hit the delete button.
Comments? Email email@example.com.


text:
A skier fell off of a 100-foot cliff Monday afternoon in the Hogum Fork area in Little Cottonwood Canyon.
A medical helicopter along with rescuers from Wasatch Back Country Rescue were able to locate the man around 3 p.m.
Lt. Justin Hoyal, of the Unified Police Department, said the man, identified as 31-year-old Robert Babbitt, of the Salt Lake area, was transported via medical helicopter to a hospital with leg and face injuries.
Hoyal said that Babbitt was skiing with three others when he fell. Two of his companions went down after him, while another stayed above the cliff to call for help. The man was conscious when rescuers located him.
Babbitt told rescue workers he did not intend to go over the cliff, but it's not clear whether he was skiing out of control, or simply got too close to the edge and was unable to prevent himself from going over, Hoyal said.
"He did tell us it was accidental," Hoyal said.
Snowbird spokeswoman Emily Moench said the fall occurred in the Pfeifferhorn peak area, which is west of Snowbird and far outside of the resort's boundaries. But Moench confirmed that two Snowbird ski patrol members assisted in the search and rescue.
One of the tallest in the Wasatch Mountains, the Pfeifferhorn stands more than 11,300 feet above sea level.
Babbitt was listed in critical condition on Monday night, Hoyal said.
Twitter: @KimballBennion


text:
See the March 2017 issue of National Hog Farmer here.
All the same great features as our print edition but now but also with the interactive capabilities only offered online that include:
- Fast access to your favorite articles
- Search capabilities
- Easy-to-navigate pages
- Sending articles to a friends
- Use less paper and save some trees!
Free subscription to National Hog Farmer Digital Edition


text:
We see that commandments from inscriptions dating back 1500 or 2000 years appear in the same way as those in the Torah, the Qur'an and the Gospel. We even see a word appearing in its original Arabic form the same in all. Since they do not scrutinize these tablets and only look at historical documents very superficially, they possess only superficial information. That is why they have become mired in Karl Marx's ancient, outdated ideas. They have no idea where the Sumerians got this information from. The prophets are very, very ancient. What could be more normal than for the Sumerians to obtain information from divine texts? Since the time of the Prophet Adam (as), there have been the people of Ad and the people of Thamud. All the prophets have brought with them the same true information. For example, the origins of the descriptions in the Epic of Gilgamesh and all of them are based on the divine texts. But since they do not study them, they come up with shallow information. For instance, Karl Marx was an expert on the Torah. Hazrat Mahdi (as) is described in great detail in the Torah. It describes in detail how there will be complete social justice, peace, security and well-being. What Marx produced was an irreligious belief in the system of the Mahdi, by saying that Hazrat Mahdi (as) and the Prophet Jesus (as) will do what they do through bloodshed. But Hazrat Mahdi (as) will shed no blood. What does Karl Marx make violence with? With the dictatorship of the proletariat, with bloodshed. A system of oppression. It has emerged as a false Messiah, a false system of the Mahdi. It has appeared as the system of the antichrist (dajjal). Marx even took the Marxist concept of social justice from the Torah. He read the sections about the system of the Mahdi and social justice and was very impressed by them. It is the true Mahdi who will actually do this. Nobody else can do it apart from him. Allah has not bestowed that on them, so the system has collapsed.
Surat al-Mulk, 1-3
67/1- Blessed be He Who has the Kingdom in His Hand! He has power over all things.
Goods, possessions and everything, the whole world, all belong to Allah. Allah creates it all in our brains. It does exist on the outside, but Allah creates the image of it as light, with colors, scents and shape and everything in our brains.
67/2- He Who created death and life to test which of you is best in action. He is the Almighty, the Ever-Forgiving.
In other words, He says it is to show the purpose of your life, to show you your actions. Because Allah knows what we do. If we are good people, we see that we are good, and if we are bad, we see that we are bad.
67/3- He Who created the seven heavens in layers. You will not find any flaw in the creation of the All-Merciful. Look again – do you see any gaps?
Allah has created the heavens in seven layers. Modern science later confirmed the seven strata of the sky. This is a miracle of Allah.
Everything is in absolute equilibrium with everything else; chromosomes are in harmony, and atoms, and neutrons and protons. The eye is ideally suited to seeing, for instance. The eye is like a camera. The image falls in reverse onto the iris. We should normally see the world in reverse, but we see it properly because Allah has made it appear normal. The image is blurred when it falls onto the iris, but Allah sharpens it, insha'Allah. One is one hundred percent convinced that he is not dealing with the image in the brain. Yet the image is absolutely certainly in the brain. A man comes home and says how lovely his house is, how great it is to be back. And yet that house is in him. But he does not realize. He imagines he is entering the house. The house is in his brain. Allah has created such a marvel. But people are unaware of this, unawarely they live in a totally different world. But intelligent people do realize. People who genuinely have souls understand. They can see the breathtaking nature of Allah's artistry. It is impossible for someone seeing that alone not to have faith. It is impossible. He would have to have a problem not to, as there is no alternative.
Shade is Allah's artistry. I mean, shade and light are created separately. Shade, shading, is a difficult technique. If there were no shade here, we would regard it as very odd. It is thanks to shade we see things in three dimensions. Things would look very odd without shadow, everything would look wrong. The result would be an unimaginable image. Shade gives it its beauty, and depth and meaning. Allah also uses the art of color. He uses completely different colors. Allah shows His might. Allah says in one verse that they were unable to appreciate His power. But people who think deeply can realize it, can know Allah's artistry. That is why Allah says in one verse that; " Only those of His servants with knowledge have fear of Allah. " He says that people who really do research, who know the truth of science and think deeply can understand. That is why Allah always wants true Muslims to think all the time, to reflect deeply and be people of knowledge.
Everyone takes university entrance exams in his own brain. Not in the exam hall. He enters the hall, but the hall is not the hall. He does it in the hall in his brain. He answers all the questions there. And it is also Allah Who asks the questions. And Who writes the answers. The person imagines he is writing them. He answers the questions in his destiny. The person imagines he is doing it himself and becomes duly stressed. But it is Allah Who also creates that stress. This is part of the test. Allah has employed a very complex, detailed technique, way beyond our estimation and understanding. What I am saying is not a matter of belief, but a scientific fact. It is a fact agreed by everyone, irreligious, godless, Muslim, it makes no difference. There is no alternative to it. What I say is true.
16/127- Be patient. But your patience is only by Allah. Do not be grieved by them and do not be constricted by the plots they hatch.
Be patient. But your patience is only by Allah. Patience in love and friendship and moral virtue. Loves flourishes for two days and then wearies. My love is finished, the person says. This always happens in songs and films. But real love never ends or wearies. There is always patience in love. One loves for ever, and it does not end with death. Worldly ties may break, but the bond with the hereafter never breaks. But a person cannot be patient on his own. Who causes him to be patient? Allah.
It is a sin to grieve. It is a sin to be troubled. News reports against me have appeared, but I have rejoiced in them. Someone insults me and I rejoice. Someone spreads gossip and I rejoice. I must be doing something right to make them react like that.
16/128- Allah is with those who have fear of Him and with those who are good-doers.
Allah says He will be with you if you fear Him and attentive over what is lawful and unlawful. Allah says He will help you, allow you to speak and give you material means and all kinds of good things.
If you do good, you do it to yourselves. If you do evil, you do it to your detriment. When the next promised time arrived... (Surat al-Isra', 7)
Someone says he has done good. But that is impossible! You have done good to an image in your brain. One cannot establish. So when I do good, I earn the merit. Allah says the reward will be good in this world and the next. If you do wrong, you suffer spiritually. Doubt stresses a person, lovelessness stresses a person and suspicion is troubling. You try to take revenge but end up being horribly troubled. But if you are pleasant natured, your nerves all relax, your brain relaxes. Then you can be joyful. Allah says that doing evil will suffocate you. What is the promise? With its indicatory meaning Allah's promise is Hazrat Mahdi (as) in the End Times and The Prophet Jesus (as) is also Allah's promise. The abjad value of the verse is 2019.
Surat al-Anbiya', 11-20
21/12 How many cities which did wrong have We utterly destroyed, raising up other people after them!
21/12 When they perceived Our violent force they ran away from it.
21/13 'Do not run away! Return to the life of luxury you enjoyed and to the places where you lived, so that you can be interrogated!'
21/14 They said, 'Alas for us! We were indeed wrongdoers!'
21/15 That cry of theirs went on until We made them stubble, silent, stamped out.
If people are Darwinists and materialists, if they are hostile to Allah's commandments, if they turn their backs on His commandments, then Allah says He will tear that state down. He says He will destroy it so there is no more state or nation. He says that if you abandon Islam, the faith, another people will replace you. There will be a war, or a civil war or some affliction. So they cannot remain in that country anymore and go off to other countries. I will demolish you, says Allah, your state and your nation, if you abandon Islam.
21/16 We did not create heaven and earth and everything in between them as a game.
21/17 If We had desired to have some amusement, We would have derived it from Our Presence, but We did not do that.
We did not create for no purpose; Allah says He created for a specific purpose. Because there are infinite details. Allah says that if He had so intended He would have done that perfectly, but that is not His intention. He says I have created you to test you.
21/18- Rather We hurl the truth against falsehood and it cuts right through it and it vanishes clean away! Woe without end for you for what you portray!
That means there is a war of ideas. What is inside the brain? Ideas. The words of the Qur'an refer to the brain, not the body. When we present evidence against Darwinism and materialism their brains are shattered. Allah says He will take revenge on their lies and nonsense.
21/19 Everyone in the heavens and the earth belongs to Him. Those in His Presence do not consider themselves too great to worship Him and do not grow tired of it.
21/20 They glorify Him by night and day, without ever flagging.
Jesus the Messiah (as) is in the sky and Hazrat Mahdi (as) on Earth. The angels worship Allah, the Prophet Jesus (as) also worships Him. He does not grow proud. They worship Allah for all eternity, it says, and never tire. Human beings' eyes start to feel heavy when evening falls. Fatigue is a weakness bestowed on people. Who creates fatigue? Allah. It is created as a special test. For instance, human beings sleep at night, but they do not. They constantly recite the names of Allah and delight in so doing.


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Thread: How many clubs do you train at?
5/23/2013 9:22am, #1
- Join Date
- Dec 2009
- Location
- Ottawa
- Posts
- 105
- Style
- Muay Thai / BJJ
How many clubs do you train at?
Just wondering how many different clubs you train at and how often at each.
I'm up to 3. One for each style. I could go to an MMA club and do them all together but like the experience of going to a strictly boxing gym for boxing, Muay thai club for Muay thai. I do BJJ at an MMA club since there is no strictly BJJ clubs here. It is pricer this way but I find the clubs smaller and you get more attention, build a repoire with the owners and students. The MMA clubs in my area are fairly large so you get lost in the sea of students.
I'm at Muay Thai 5x a week
BJJ 3x
Boxing 2x
5/23/2013 9:28am, #2--
That's a lot of training, how do you fit it in with work and family (if you have such a thing).
I only train at one club, in an ideal week I'll get
Kickboxing 1hr
Stickfighting 1hr
MMA 1.5hrs
Stickfighting 1hr
Same as Tuesday
Stickfighting 2hrs
Dirty boxing 1hr
5/23/2013 9:36am, #3
- Join Date
- Dec 2009
- Location
- Ottawa
- Posts
- 105
- Style
- Muay Thai / BJJ
I'm lucky to have an MMA club across the street from my work so I do BJJ during my lunch hour. The boxing gym and Muay thai clubs are close to my house. I only double on one day boxing/muay thai training. I'm never home later than 7pm. Thats another reason I like the seperate gyms they offer more classes (earlier). I find the MMA gyms (in my area) tend to do BJJ classes, rolling class, then Muay thai/boxing technique, then sparring so it takes you late in the evening in consecutive order.
5/23/2013 9:57am, #4
- Join Date
- Sep 2008
- Location
- Wyomissing, PA
- Posts
- 2,264
- Style
- Judo, BJJ
3 different judo clubs, depending on the day. I will be starting at a SAMBO club once a week and may be doing BJJ at another judo club.I feel like you eye-bawlin' me, dawg!
5/23/2013 10:28pm, #5
- Join Date
- Oct 2011
- Location
- Melbourne, AU
- Posts
- 34
- Style
- Judo, Karate
Two Judo clubs and looking at a third - Generally three nights a week. One karate club for a further single night per week.
5/24/2013 12:38am, #6--
As of this evening, three! I had no idea until last week that the hapkido joint near my workplace had an evening BJJ class, but then they put up a sign offering a deal for new students, so I went tonight and had a lot of fun. (I'm a sucker for convenience, and small classes.)
Anyway, my schedule:
Saturday morning, 9-12: push-hands club. (biweekly and not a school; people just come and play)
Sunday morning, 10-1:30, taiji.
Sunday afternoon, 3-5:30, shuai-chiao
Thursday: 7-8:30, BJJ.
Friday: 7-8:30, BJJ. (we'll see if this sticks)
Last edited by Rivington; 5/24/2013 12:48am at .
5/24/2013 9:22am, #7--
3 clubs. I host a Balintawak FMA club 2x a week sometimes 3. I also train with a Serrada FMA group 2-3 times a week and just started up muay Thai once a week. All this training is a delicate balance of work school and family time.
5/24/2013 9:47am, #8
- Join Date
- Dec 2009
- Location
- Ottawa
- Posts
- 105
- Style
- Muay Thai / BJJ
@ Rivington: A Sunday class! Cool. Thats the only day all my clubs are closed therefore only day I don't train (would go if they had classes). I usually make it a running day.
It's Friday which means sparring (boxing) day! Can't wait!
5/24/2013 10:12am, #9--
2 clubs (3 styles)
Monday: BJJ (no gi) 8-10PM
Tuesday: Strength & Conditioning 7-8PM Kodokan Judo 8-10PM
Wednesday: BJJ 7-10PM
Thursday: JJJ 7-9:30PM
Friday: Strength & Conditioning 7-8PM BJJ 8-10PM
Saturday: I teach a kids JJJ class from 10-12
Sunday: Open mat (BJJ/Judo) 10-12
I try to make it to at least 5 of these a week. Sometimes I slack on Mondays...
5/24/2013 11:08am, #10


text:
The year is 2017. The federalist Russian government has issued a law that makes any practice of communism a crime against the state. A group of men and women, still loyal to the communist regime start a rebellion. Not just any rebellion though. A rebellion that would rock the snow laden hills for many years to come. The once small group of fighters is now an army. The Russian government settled an agreement with the American government to squash the communist regime and now eastern Europe is a warzone. So pick your side. The freedom movement or the world conquering communist regime?
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text:
CHINO HILLS - "Don't be Lonely this New Year" will be the theme of the Feb. 21 meeting of the Chino Valley Christian Women's Connection.
The meeting will be from 9:15 to 11 a.m. at Los Serranos Country Club, 15656 Yorba Ave.
The speaker will be Ilene Dirks who will offer ways to expand one basic meals and creatively extend to into three or four meals.
The cost of the buffet and program is $12.50. Reservations should be made by Feb. 16 at 909-597-1650 or 909-628-3819.


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Hi there, I am working on passing a variable between 2 pages. The idea is to have you click on a normal anchor text link and pass over a querystring, from this querystring you'd create a variable and read it on the other page it's linked to.
I did a bit of digging and found the following code, which did not really do anything for me:
HTML Code
Black
JavaScript Code in Header
// Adapted from examples on the Querystring homepage.
var qs = new Querystring();
var v1 = qs.get("color");
Javascript code in HTML

I am going to still continue with my digging and see what I can come up with.
Tht would be because the page from which you got that code, would have also had a Querystring scripting library, which you seem to be missing there.
I seam to have done quite a bit, and managed to find scripts to solve this issue. The entire notion of the script, so to add a CSS class onto the document, which would be part of a style swicher, if that makes sense.

function gup( name )
name = name.replace(/[\\[]/,"\\\\\\[").replace(/[\\]]/,"\\\\\\]");
var regexS = "[\\\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)";
var regex = new RegExp( regexS );
var results = regex.exec( window.location.href );
if( results == null )
return "";
return results[1];
[B] var color = gup( 'color' );[/B]

document.getElementById("[B]page-name[/B]").setAttribute("class", "helloworld");
Feel free to scrutinize my script so I can improve. I've already take a few code classes, but I have a long way to go before what I learned can be used into practice.
I am not sure what I did wrong. It appears you cannot modify the id or class of a document dynamically. What would you normally do in this situation. I don't want to have 10+ diifferent HTML files in order to achieve something that could be done in 1 file.
Yes you can.

var test = document.getElementById('test');
window.alert('The test div had an id of "' + test.id + '" and a class name of "' + test.className + '"');
test.id = 'somethingElse';
test.className = 'someOtherClassName';
window.alert('The test div now has an id of "' + test.id + '" and a class name of "' + test.className + '"');
What I would do is to stick with the scripting code you had right at the very start:
var qs = new Querystring();
var v1 = qs.get("color");
and to get the Querystring scripting library that allows that code to work.
Hi there, not through a pop-up window. Ideally I want a link to contain a querystring, like '?color=black' and for this color to be placed in a class within the  tag on another page, if that at all makes sense.
The first piece of code works:
function gup( name )
name = name.replace(/[\\[]/,"\\\\\\[").replace(/[\\]]/,"\\\\\\]");
var regexS = "[\\\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)";
var regex = new RegExp( regexS );
var results = regex.exec( window.location.href );
if( results == null )
return "";
return results[1];
var color = gup( 'color' );
This get's the querystring from another page, but then I cannot do anything with is as my true goal is to change the  and add another class in there resembling the colour name, either being black, white, blue, green etc.
I will work on it and see what I can come up with, thanks again for your help.
Could you give me an example of putting "test.className" in the body tag. I think this would solve the issue.
Well if that's all you're going to have there then the easiest solution is with something like this:
// The querystring is the search part of the location object
var querystring = window.location.search,
// The (...)? is for a non-greedy match, so that if multiple &'s are in there it only matches to the first
// The &* is for 0 or more &'s, which allows the above match to be appropriately restricted within it
match = querystring.match(/color=(.*)?&*/),
// The match is an array containing two values.
// The first value at [0] is what matches the entire regex, the second at [1] contains what is captured by the parenthesis
color = match[1];
// The color variable is now "black" if the querystring was "?color=black"
Thanks @paul_wilkins;


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Conclusions from the Abu Dhabi GP
While Kimi Raikkonen reminds, Sebastian Vettel divides, and the world's fastest sport goes too slowly as the world waits for its answer...
By Pete Gill
Last Updated: 06/11/12 2:04pm
If the cheap line is that only Raikkonen could lead a grand prix whilst simultaneously providing comedy gold, the serious retort has to be that only a driver of his rare skill could deliver the race's fastest lap immediately after being released from the cooling-down shackles of a Safety Car. Memo to Lotus: you really don't need to tell Kimi how to keep his tyres in working order.
The message to the sport as a whole should also be heeded loud and clear: despite retiring from view to spend two years digging rally cars out of snowy ditches, Raikkonen remains the real deal.
His speed is formidable and, after inheriting the lead when Lewis Hamilton retired, he controlled the race in masterful fashion. His talent is supreme and, although there are always too few world titles for all the worthy and deserving causes, too good for his career to end with just a solitary championship.
In F1, the hardest tenth is the final tenth that separates the frontrunners from the winners, but if Lotus can improve their package next season by as little as a couple of percentage points then Raikkonen still has everything required to win more than just the occasional grand prix.
The 'lucky' argument of Sebastian Vettel's race is a smokescreen
2000 words later, analysis of whether Sebastian Vettel was lucky to go from pitlane to podium in Sunday's grand prix belatedly speaks for itself. But for all the arguments the debate has generated, the micro-question is surely a smokescreen for the the macro-matter of whether Vettel is a deserved two- or three-time World Champion.
The suspicion must be that, as a general rule of thumb, those who believe the German to have been lucky on Sunday will declare him undeserving of such gilded status, while those who insist the Red Bull driver ought to be considered a great will also say he drove a great race this weekend.
Nobody seems willing to budge and, as such, what this week's debate has also inadvertently revealed is that the middleground between Vettel's supporters and critics is narrowing to the point of extinction; how many people, for instance, have simply sat on the fence to opine that Vettel drove a very good race, if not quite a great one?
As ever, Hamilton continues to divide like no other in F1, but if this week's discussions answered anything beyond dispute then it's that Vettel can be now be immediately identitifed as the sport's second-most divisive driver.
Lewis Hamilton given a hundred reasons to depart McLaren
It's a point which doesn't just keep on repeating but actually keeps on gaining in number: at a rough count, unreliability and pitlane errors have combined to cost Hamilton in excess of one hundred points this season.
It's an astonishing shortfall with McLaren's season subsiding into a staggering tale of foot-shooting and a wrenching reminder that there is far more to success in F1 than just speed.
It's a tale which will also surely diminish the wrench Hamilton will feel in a couple of months when he turns his back on McLaren to join Mercedes. To return to an earlier argument, perhaps it was no coincidence that Hamilton took the decision to abandon his familiar Woking ship in the week which followed his retirement from the lead of the Singapore GP. If he mused then that if he couldn't win when driving the grid's fastest car then he might as well try an altogether different approach, Sunday's head-shaking retirement will at least have carried the consolation of endorsement.
He should be doing better than Mercedes, but does he also deserve better than McLaren?
Fernando losing out on the title the day before
If only the F2012 had some qualifying pace. The Ferrari team twice broke the Yas Marina curfew this weekend to throw the Maranello kitchen sink at their car but only Vettel's late-night expulsion moved Alonso into the sixth position he has averaged on a Saturday throughout this season.
In the eighteen races to date, Alonso has improved position on Sunday from Saturday on fourteen occasions, with two of the four exceptions race-ending crashes in part the dangerous consequence of a midfield starting-place. If, as remains likely, Alonso loses the title to Sebastian, the 'when' will not be either Austin or Interlagos, but a Saturday in general.
This weekend's disparity was particularly stark with Alonso over nine-tenths adfrift of Hamilton's pole-sitting pace on Saturday but just eight-tenths of a second behind Raikkonen when the chequered flag fell a day later.
It's too simplistic just to say that Ferrari should dilute their race pace in order to find some extra single-lap speed, but that's a compromise that the team and Alonso would surely accept.
After all, what we've seen time after time this season is that winning from the front is mostly a straightforward affair: but for the retirements of Hamilton in Singapore and this weekend then, with the exception of Korea which Vettel led from the first corner onwards, every race since July would have been won from pole.
Slowly shouldn't do it in F1 - even on a Saturday night
Easiest conclusion of the weekend: it shouldn't have taken over four hours for the stewards to belatedly announce the results of a qualifying session which took just an hour to complete.
With the interminable void inevitably filled by the usual slew of conspiracy theories and accusations of favouritism, the world's fastest sport can't be this slow to put its house in order. The complicating delay was that not only was Vettel's RB8 literally at the back of the parc ferme queue but that his car was subject to two separate investigations: the first into why it stopped out on track, the second into the amount of fuel it was available to discharge for scrutineering. But four hours? F1 either needs quicker housekeepers or more of them.
Pirelli have been beaten in a game they cannot win
How long ago the start of the season now seems when the teams were unable to understand, let alone master, the new Pirelli tyres. The tide has now turned, with the winning strategy both in India and Abu Dhabi a comfortable one-stopper, and Pirelli waving the white flag in the face of F1's relentless march forwards. "The pace of development in Formula One is unrivalled, and we can see this in the way that all the teams have really got on top of our tyres now," motorsport director Paul Hembery confessed this weekend.
The game is up. Whereas there was too much degradation at the start of the season, there is now too little. The right balance was probably struck midway through the season, but given that we scarcely noticed, the absence of realisation or recognition only goes to show what a thankless task Pirelli perform.
Never judge a grand prix by its cover
Because the least appealing grands prix on the calendar, Valencia and Abu Dhabi, have proved to be the most entertaining of the year, whereas some of the most revered circuits - Silverstone, Suzuka, Korea and, until its finish, Monza - have tended to deliver the most mundane.
Perhaps it's mere happenstance, or perhaps the reason is more fundamental. As a consequence of the sport's relentless advance, it may be that the capacity of great circuits to host great racing is dwindling.
Mercedes give up on 2012
A fourth scoreless grand prix in a row and it has become old hat to remark that Mercedes' 2012 existence has become literally and metaphorically pointless. Their attention already turned to 2013 in recognition of the extra scrutiny that Hamilton's arrival will bring, the team are simply going through the motions as the season winds down and Michael Schumacher digs deep to retain his dignity.
Mercedes' switch of focus is both understandable and tactically astute, but their refusal to contemplate fighting on two fronts also exposes how far removed they are from the frontrunners - including Red Bull, who have effectively led the way in F1 for the last three-and-a-half years with scarcely a blip between seasons - they aspire to be.


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A lot has changed since we gave the Panasonic TC-P50V10 our Editors' Choice award last year. The most relevant to the review you're reading now can be summed up with the eminently Google-able phrase "Panasonic black levels." The short story? Testing revealed that 2009 Panasonic plasmas lose their excellent black-level performance–the crucial ability to produce…
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Panasonic Viera TC-P50G20 Series 50 Inch Television Review
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Extra 2002 ICM Conference proceedings
The Agribusiness Education Program office has extra copies of the 2002 Integrated Crop Management Conference proceedings available for purchase. If you pick up copies at the office, the cost is $15 each. If copies are shipped to you, they are $17.50 each and this price includes the shipping cost. To place an order, make your check payable to Iowa State University, or provide your credit card number, expiration date, and cardholder name if paying by credit card (Visa/MasterCard/Discover) and mail it to Agribusiness Education Program, 2104 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011.
If you have questions, please call us at (515) 294-6429.
This article originally appeared on page 203 of the IC-488(24) -- December 23, 2002 issue.
Updated 12/22/2002 - 1:00pm


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Welcome to New Friends Friday! This is a great way to find new blogs and make new friends, while gaining new followers. Here is all you have to do:
*Follow Me here at Still On The Verge
*Please make a post about New Friends Friday and send them here so they can join in and we can make this a big meme. Make sure to Tweet and FB as well.
*Grab the badge below and put it in your post so others know to comment and follow.
*Find new friends and let them know where you found them from!
Have fun and see you next Friday!!


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The Chicago Cubs aren't called "The Lovable Losers" for nothing.
However, when it comes to spring training, they're one of the biggest draws in the Cactus League. Even with their 103-year World Series drought, they continually sell out their games and have set attendance records at Hohokam Stadium in Mesa for years.
With a new vice president of baseball operations (Theo Epstein) and new manager (Dale Sveum), the Cubs are optimistic about the 2012 season. Fans in the Windy City are hoping that the dynamic duo of Epstein and Sveum can help snap the Cubs' unlucky losing streak once and for all.
Some notable players in Cubs' lineup at Hohokam this spring inlcude Geovany Soto, Alfonso Soriano, Kerry Wood, Carlos Pena and Marion Byrd. Additions include pitchers Travis Wood and Chris Volstad, third baseman Ian Stewart and outfielder Dave Sappelt.
The Chicago Cubs are scheduled to play 16 home games at Hohokam, 17 road games in Arizona and two games against Texas in Las Vegas. The Cubs wrap up spring training on April 3 at Hohokam against the Milwaukee Brewers.
The Cubs were once known as the Chicago White Stockings, then became members of the National League in 1876. This makes them one of the oldest active major sports teams among those in North America. The first game they played was April 25 of that same year.
In 1907, the Cubs won their first World Series against the Detroit Tigers. They won their second and last World Series in 1908 in a rematch against Detroit.
The Cubs have trained in Mesa since 1952. Back then Hohokam Park was called Rendezvous Park, which was less than ideal in accommodating the players. However, the new state-of-the-art Hohokam Stadium took its place. Since then the Cubs have played their games at Hohokam as a member of the Cactus League.
Hohokam was built in 1997 and seats 13,074 fans. An interesting fact about this 48-acre stadium is that its scoreboard is the largest in the Cactus League, measuring a whopping 12 by 16 feet. The stadium features one practice field and one practice infield, with additional training facilities at Fitch Park that include four practice fields, one practice infield and a 25,000 square-foot clubhouse.
So grab your Cracker Jacks and baseball mitts, practice your rendition of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game," and get ready for an exciting spring training. Who knows, maybe if we keep cheering. our "Lovable Losers" on they might just get a name change.


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After reverting back to html 4.01-strict from xhtml and making the necessary alterations, I ran the page through a validator.I got 1 error, but a really strange one.To open links in a new tab, is use the [ target="_blank ] system. There are plenty of these on the page, but only one comes up as an error in the validator. Why?
All the others are exepted, only the first one is not.All the links work by the way.
[ The Boiler Repair BLOG] error
[  Flue Gas Analysers ] fine
Only thing I can think of is that all the working links end with either .co.uk or .htmlBut why would that influence the validator on regcognising the "target" attribute?
I can't see anything wrong in what you've put there so I suspect there may be something else that isn't right. Can you give a link to the page?
Here it isproblem page
It looks to me as though the validator is trying to avoid "double jeopardy" – because the error is exactly the same throughout the page, it is only telling you about it once rather than 43 times. If I copy the source and paste it in, but delete that one line, it highlights the next one as an error. So there's nothing special about that one link, other than that it's the first one using the target attribute.
This does raise the question of why you want those links opening in new windows, given that one thing that's pretty much guaranteed to do is annoy and confuse your visitors. It's annoying enough when external links ignore my wishes and force a new window, but I really cannot see any reason for doing it with all those internal links.
This does raise the question of why you want those links opening in new windows, given that one thing that's pretty much guaranteed to do is annoy and confuse your visitors. It's annoying enough when external links ignore my wishes and force a new window, but I really cannot see any reason for doing it with all those internal links.
The target attribute is not valid with the Strict doctype. The validator is flagging the first instance only and ignoring the rest, as you'll see if you remove the target from it. Either switch to Transitional or use javascript to open in a new window. Bear in mind that, for the user, being forced to open links in a new window can be a pain in the posterior.
It's a matter of preference I suppose. When looking for specific information, I usually open links in a new tab in order to be able to verify things I don't quite get.The feedback I get from my site is very good, even when I speficially ask for things people didn't like. Opening in new tabs has never been mentioned as unwanted to me.
I'd like to stick tot Strict, but it's a means to an end and not the Holy Grail. I try to avoid Javascripts as much as possible, so I'd rather switch to Transitional if need be.
Hence the benefit of allowing the user to choose their own preference for opening in the same window, new window, or new tab.
Personally I'd remove those target attributes they were "deprecated" from HTML 4.01 for a very good reason and are supposed to be used with Frames only. If you open windows using unobtrusive JS instead they will still function as links with or without scripting.
The only reason they are opening in a new tab is because you set the browser to do so. For _blank the user agent should load the designated document in a new, unnamed window.
In otherwords breaking the navigation back button... since those links on the said page are going to your own website each time you'd click one of those links a new tab/window appears cluttering everything up and possibly confusing the user.
One who is too insistent on his own views finds few to agree with him. Aim to 'let the user decide' whether they want to open the link in a new tab, or window. Most of them will already generally open links in new windows only if that's already their own preferred habit.
The way you have it now they really have 'no choice in the matter' creating unnecessary web accessibility issues. At the minimum when new windows are likely to be spawned; it helps if you inform the user.
Don't get too upset about the annoying stuff that is currently their folks; I'm in the process of re-designing the whole site (again:rolleyes: ) and most of the annyoing stuff, especially on this testpage, is only there for test purposes and most of it will probably disappear.For exampe, the expanding of links will probably only be for a few that are displayed in very small font for space purposes, and the new window opening will be kept for my blog section, but probably not for much else.
There's no need. Just because the validator squeals means nothing per se. The only reason to take note of the validator is to ensure there are no potential problems that will cause your pages to fail in the browser.
As others have said, things get deprecated for a reason. If opening a link in a new tab/window has been abandoned on the web, you should at least investigate why. Tests have shown that it causes a lot of confusion.


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Thursday, February 17 2011 - In the Media
Peter Phillips and Mickey Huff Ask Activists to Boost Support at KPFA
February 16, 2011
We believe that there is no topic that should not be covered on KPFA community free speech radio, especially the most censored news stories that we feature on our website (www.projectcensored.org) and in our annual yearbook, Censored 2011.
We will be offering special premiums during our Thursday show this week February 17, and the two weeks following February 24 and March 3. On these shows we will play segments of speeches from the Understanding Deep Politics Conference in Santa Cruz last May. These unique nine hour DVDs features, Peter Dale Scot, Michael Parenti, Dahlia Wasfi, Ellen Brown, David Ray Griffin, Annie Machon and others. The talks openly discuss the underlying issues of covert power in the US that had led us into war, conflicts, economic decline, 9/11, election fraud, torture, renditions, and loss of civil liberties. This entire set of DVDs will be offer for a pledge of $120 to support KPFA.
In addition, we will be featuring a 54 minute DVD of Richard Gage from Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth presenting scientific information at Sonoma State University last fall on the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings 1-2 & 7. The Gage DVD will be offered for a $60 donation to KPFA. There no conspiracy theories on this DVD, only hard scientific facts that raise troubling questions regarding the truth of 9/11 Commission report.
The book premium of the day is our Censored 2011 yearbook for an $80 support gift to KPFA. Learn about the most censored news stories of 2009-10 and the on-going truth emergency in the US and the world.
Every American deserves an opportunity to address questions and get full transparent answers to the important socio-political issues of the day. Without full information we often do not know what questions to ask the higher powers or how to challenge their hidden authority.
Listen to our KPFA Morning mix Show 94.1 FM from 8-9:00 AM Thursdays or on-line at www.kpfa.org. Call in to pledge support to KPFA at: 510-848-5732 or Toll free: 1-800-439-5732 and keep free speech radio alive and on the air. Out of area folks can listen and pledge on-line at www.kpfa.org
Or Mail a check to:
KPFA Radio,
1929 MLK Jr. Way,
Berkeley, CA 94704
Let us know if we may thank you on the air!
Peter Phillips
Co-Host of the Project Censored Morning Mix Show
President: Media Freedom Foundation—e-mail: Peter [at] KPFA.org
Mickey Huff,
Director Project Censored/Media Freedom Foundation
Co-Host of the Project Censored Morning Mix Show—E-mail: Mickey [at] KPFA.org
The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author, who is solely responsible for its content, and do not necessarily reflect those of 911Truth.org. 911Truth.org will not be responsible or liable for any inaccurate or incorrect statements contained in this article.
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Creative Focus TM Worsted
Creative Focus TM Worsted
Creative Focus™ Worsted is a lovely wool and alpaca blended aran weight yarn. This is the perfect 'all round' yarn for stitch, pattern and colour work.
This item has been discontinued
Article Number:9802141
Fibre Content:Wool: 75%, Alpaca: 25%
Season:Autumn Winter
Yarn Ball Weight:100g
Yarn Meterage/Yardage:200/220
Tension/Gauge Stitches:20
Tension/Gauge Rows:24
Care Instructions:
Recommended Knitting Needles:
Knitting Needle (UK):7
Knitting Needle (US):7
Knitting Needle, MM:4½


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Armed with a federal grant, North Salt Lake demolished several homes this week in the Springhill landslide area, a step toward turning the site into a park.
The houses that were torn down on Monday and Tuesday were among 11 that have been irreparably damaged by shifting ground. Six others in the neighborhood that also were uninhabitable were demolished in the past several years.
The remaining houses are expected to be razed in the coming months, according to City Manager Barry Edwards. North Salt Lake has either bought or signed offers on all but one of the houses, he said, and the city committed to tearing down a house within 90 days of purchasing it.
As the houses come down, North Salt Lake officials are trying to find more money for the project, which will shore up the land and create an open space park.
Since 1997, the landslide has split foundations and retaining walls and buckled streets and sidewalks, making the homes uninhabitable. Homeowner insurance does not cover the damage.
The federal government awarded $1,855,512 to the city in June under the FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Competitive Grant Program to stabilize the area and help homeowners. The grant requires a local match of $618,504.
North Salt Lake Mayor Len Arave said the city will apply for other grants, hold fundraisers and use some park funds to get the matching money. In addition, state Sen. Todd Weiler, R-Woods Cross, who represents the city, is considering legislation to help out.
Weiler said the federal funds will be "substantially" exhausted by the time all of the homes are purchased and more money will be needed to complete the project. The neighborhood was built in the 1970s before geologic studies were required for development and the businesses that constructed the houses are long gone, he said.
"The city is left holding the bag," Weiler said.
He said one possibility is legislation that would make a municipality eligible for state disaster relief funds if federal money is not sufficient to cover damage caused by a natural disaster. Another approach would be to ask the Legislature to make a one-time appropriation to North Salt Lake, he said.
Some financial help already has come from Project Springhill, which was organized several years ago to collect donations.
The nonprofit El Niño Foundation, which is overseeing the project, has used $100,000 to help with some relocation and down payment costs for the owners of the first six houses that were demolished.
Twitter: @PamelaMansonSLC


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Finding flooring products that meet clients' aesthetic and performance needs can be a challenge, especially if those applications see continuous use or demand ultra-green specs. We've gathered the latest flooring introductions designed to handle a range of tasks from heavy foot traffic in the emergency room to dampening the buzz in open-plan offices.
Pure Genius, Lauzon
More manufacturers are developing coatings and materials that purify the air without changing the look of the substrate. Canadian flooring manufacturer Lauzon designed a proprietary titanium-dioxide finish for hardwood flooring that it says decomposes bacteria and mold, and breaks down VOCs in the air into water and carbon dioxide when exposed to light. The Pure Genius finish resists water and is currently offered on the company's Authentik red oak and Organik FSC–certified maple flooring collections.
Milestone, Masland Contract
A collection of six carpet styles from Masland Contract offers visual texture and low color contrast, making it a fit for applications such as senior care facilities. The broadloom designs made from solution-dyed 100% Universal Fibers Type 6,6, which are engineered to resist stains. Milestone is certified Gold by the National Science Foundation's Sustainable Carpet Standard. Ten designs are offered (vitality, shown).
Garden, Crossville
Outdoor living spaces require products that can stand up to moisture and temperature shifts while blending seamlessly with the design aesthetic of furniture and fixtures. Crossville's Garden series of porcelain tile offers the look of natural stone while the company's Hydrotect light-activated, nontoxic titanium-dioxide coating helps it to resist dirt and bacteria while reducing airborne toxins. Offered in three colorways that emulate the look of stone materials such as volcanic stone and cobbled limestone. For use on exterior walls and floors as well as interior transitional spaces such as entryways.
Norament XP, Nora
Surfaces in high-impact areas of healthcare applications such as operating and emergency rooms don't get a break. Nora designed its Norament XP rubber flooring to withstand continuous foot traffic and heavy rolling equipment such as medical carts and patient beds. The stain-resistant material features a hammered surface and complies with OSHA requirements for slip resistance. Offered in 13 colorways.
BuzziRug Wool, BuzziSpace
Wood and stone flooring finishes aren't known for their acoustical dampening properties. Interior products design studio BuzziSpace, which makes noise-blocking felt products, is taking its designs to the floor. From in-house designer Sas Adriaenssens, BuzziRug Wool is made entirely from wool in warm and cool (shown) striped color palettes. Offered in dimensions of up to 4 meters wide and 6 meters long.
Mystique, Terra Legno
Terra Legno gives European oak a deep brown finish in the latest addition to its Quercia series of engineered interior wood flooring. The grains on Mystique's 3mm-thick top layer offer low shade variance. The boards come in random lengths at 3.5" and 5" widths.
Vantage II, Teragren
A FSC-certified strand bamboo wear layer tops an FSC- and CARB II-certified eucalyptus plywood substrate in this series of engineered wide-plank flooring from Teragren. The Vantage II collection of tongue-and-groove boards uses a zero-VOC hardwax-oil finish. Chestnut, wheat (shown), chestnut wirebrushed, and wheat wirebrushed finishes are offered.
Mipolam Medical Symbioz, Gerflor
Symbioz, one of four options in the Mipolam Medical collection from Gerflor is a phthalate-free vinyl flooring that is made with a 100% bio-based plasticizer. The flooring is antimicrobial and resists stains. It is offered in 26 tone-on-tone and non-directional colorations.