text:
Mount Shasta
John Muir's exceptional mental and physical stamina enabled him to rigorously pursue, often in solitary fashion, the exploration of California's mountains. In the Fall of 1874 and the Spring of 1875 he climbed Mt. Shasta three times. Among the entries listed in this section are Muir's pocket notebooks kept during these climbs. His 1875 notebook contains many detailed drawings of the Shasta region. In one case, on April 28, 1875, he drew from the summit of Mt. Shasta a picture depicting an approaching storm, a storm similar to the one which would two days later, on another climb of the mountain, trap him and his climbing partner Jerome Fay on the summit of Mt. Shasta. Also listed in this section are the reports of A. F. Rodgers, who had hired Muir and Fay in the Spring of 1875 to go and take summit barometric readings. Rodgers wrote a fascinating report which vividly details the appearance and condition of Muir and Fay immediately following the overnight ordeal on April 30, 1875. Muir himself wrote stories of the ordeal that were published in several sources, including Harper's Magazine in 1877 and Picturesque California in 1888.
Many of Muir's other published works describe Mt. Shasta. His earliest Mt. Shasta writings were a series of five articles printed in the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin in 1874 and 1875; these have been edited and published by Robert Engberg as part of John Muir: Summering in the Sierra (not the same book as Muir's own book My First Summer in the Sierra). Muir was an ardent preservationist. Ironically, Muir participated in the hunting and killing of what were perhaps the last of the region's Big Horn Sheep, as described in the Nov. 29, 1874 article entitled "Shasta Game." But Muir's developing sentiment for preservation is also a part of these early articles—he says exuberantly, for example, "Long may McCloud salmon swim!" in the Nov. 29, 1874 article "Salmon Breeding: McCloud River." A man far ahead of his time and a tireless worker, John Muir will be remembered as an integral part of Mt. Shasta's past. William F. and Maymie B. Kimes have written the definitive bibliography of John Muir's writings. See also Michael Zanger's 1992 Mt. Shasta: History, Legend & Lore, for descriptions of Muir's Mt. Shasta climbs and a photograph showing Muir and Fay's signatures from the summit register. Note that one of the best but little-known Mt. Shasta stories, entitled "A Conversation with John Muir" appeared in 1906 in the English magazine 'World's Work.'
The [MS number] indicates the Mount Shasta Special Collection accession numbers
used by the College of the Siskiyous Library.
[MS2111]. Carr, Jeanne. Jeanne Carr on Shasta. John Muir Newsletter. Fall 1994. Vol. 4. No. 4. sierraclub.org/john_mui...sletter/jeanne_carr_on_shasta.htm. John Muir's letters inspired the author, a good friend of Muir's, to visit Mount Shasta. Contains a few anecdotes, especially a section on about fifty Indians who were 'congregated on the evening of our visit, to celebrate with a dance the arrival of one of their young women at the marriageable age. I asked of the chief the name of the maiden, whose charms even the Poet of the Sierras could hardly celebrate.' 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS2111].
[MS789]. Cochran, Don. John Muir in Siskiyou County. In: The Siskiyou Pioneer in Folklore, Fact and Fiction and Yearbook. Siskiyou County Historical Society. 1949. Vol. 1. No. 3. pp. 1-4. An historical account of several visits by John Muir to Mt. Shasta. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS789].
[MS2056]. Keeler, Charles. Recollections of John Muir. In: Sierra Club Bulletin. January 1916. Vol. 10. No.1. pp. 14-19. Publications of the Sierra Club Number 51. John Muir Memorial Number. Charles Keeler, at one time president of the California Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a roommate of John Muir at sea for the two months of the Harriman Alaska expedition, discusses the relationship between John Muir and William Keith. Keeler was present at regular meetings between Muir and Keith at both the old Montgomery Street Keith studio and at the later Pine Street studio. The article attempts to explain that the two men had very different views of nature but that they were the best of friends. The article begins: "My earliest recollections of John Muir date back some twenty-odd years, to those golden days in William Keith's rather dingy but glorious studio on Montgomery Street, when Muir would drop in from his Martinez Retreat for a chat with his old painter friend......Both were deeply religious natures, but emancipated from formalism and tradition. Both were students and lovers of nature, but where Keith saw color and atmosphere, poetry and romance, in mountain and vale, tree and sky, Muir's eyes were fixed on the ever-changing processes of immutable law." Article consists of four pages of text with one photograph of Muir and Keith in Keith's studio (along with John Burroughs, Charles Keeler, and Francis Fisher Browne). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS2056].
[MS353]. Kimes, William F. 1906 and Kimes, Maymie B. John Muir: A Reading Bibliography. Fresno, Calif.: Panorama West Books, 1986. This is the definitive bibliography of John Muir and contains annotated entries for all of his known works. Decades in the making, this is an essential reference work for any research about Muir. Since many of Muir's writings about Mount Shasta are reworked from his earlier writings, the chronological arrangement of entries proves particularly valuable. Each entry is numbered, and scholars have adopted these 'Kimes numbers' whenever a precise reference to a particular edition of a Muir book or article is needed. For example, portions of Kimes' no. 70., Muir's "Snow Storm on Mount Shasta" also appears as parts of Kimes' no. 175, no. 341, and no. 350. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS353].
[MS539]. Limbaugh, Ronald H. and Lewis, Kirsten E. The Guide and Index to the Microform Edition of the John Muir Papers: 1858-1957. Chadwyck-Healey Inc., 1986. Contains several entries for Muir's Mt. Shasta-related notebooks and published writings. Most of the original documents are housed at the Holt-Atherton Center for Western Studies in Stockton Calif. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS539].
[MS536]. Miesse, William C. A Chronology of John Muir at Mount Shasta. 1989. One page unpublished typewritten manuscript. Adapted from Limbaugh and Lewis Guide and Index to the Microform Edition of the John Muir Muir Papers. From the index a compilation was made of all recorded visits by Muir to the greater Mount Shasta region. John Muir visited Mount Shasta many times during the period 1874 to 1914. Thirteen separate trips are recorded, including three visits in 1914. The last recorded journey to the Mt. Shasta region was in September of 1914 and consisted of a three-day visit to the summer home of Wm. Herrin; John Muir died three months later, December, 1914. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS536].
[MS1205]. Muir, John 1838-1914. [Manuscript
journals concerning Mt. Shasta]. 1874-1875. Notebooks housed at the Holt-Atherton
Center For Western Studies, Stockton, Calif.; Muir material described here
is available, for research only, on microfilm from the Holt-Atherton Center.
Microfilm numbers include: Reel 24, No. 6 AMS journal "Shasta; Yosemite;
Kings River" [for Oct.-Nov., 1874]; and No. 8 AMS journal "Glaciers;
Dead Rivers; Sketches; Shasta Storms, No. 7" [for April-May, 1875]. Other
microfilm reels contain Muir manuscript materials with Muir's very similar but
different titles, often containing rewritten descriptions and even redrawn sketches
of Mt. Shasta; for example Reel 32, No. 4 HwMS notebook has the title "Shasta;
Yosemite; Dead Rivers 1874 (ca. 1887). There are many pages of Shasta material
scattered throughout a number of original manuscripts. The manuscript notebook
entitled "Glaciers; Dead Rivers; Sketches; Shasta Storms, No. 7" contains
the following notation: "This Notebook was inside vest pocket during the
great storm night on Shasta" (p. ii). Thus this was the small notebook
Muir carried with him on April 30, 1875 when he and Jerome Fay nearly froze
to death trapped by a storm overnight on the summit of Mt. Shasta.
Among the pages of the notebook is a beautiful detailed drawing of the dark clouds of a coming southerly storm, and depicting Mt. Lassen in the distance. The picture is entitled "Rain-storm on foothills and Sac Valley, April 28, 1875" and one sees in the picture the topography south of Mt. Shasta as it was seen from the summit; it is one of the few known pictures, by any artist or explorer, drawn from the summit. This particular picture is annotated with labels for features like "Mt. Lassen" and contains descriptions such as "...dark blue base to falling rain..."
The 1875 notebook, in addition to an impressive number of detailed drawings, contains barometric and temperature data. On the April 28th climb, for example, he records the barometric pressure on "Crater Butte" as "19.66 [at] 5:55 AM, Therm 35¡30'."
Muir describes his first sighting of Mt. Shasta in his 1874 notebooks. He says: "First clear view of Shasta from the valley of Sacramento near Dog Creek, Oct. 28, 1874. With the exception of a few combs & spurs it is one mass of white."
" Never before have I seen so white a mountain. The young snow must have been somewhat soft. No amount of Fatigue will be felt, or weigh at all against the glorious prize of beauty and instruction to be obtained from its high starr though all with one accord, Indians & white regard the excursion as absurd and impossible."
"Snow falls as low as 700 feet. And it must be deep on Shasta. Nevertheless I must see & feel its beauty, and learn whence its ancient glaciers flowed" (Vol. No. 15, p. 5). This passage followed by a small drawing of Mt. Shasta. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS1205].
[MS10]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Snow
- Storm on Mount Shasta. In: Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Sept., 1877.
Vol. 55. No. 328. pp. 521-530. On April 30, 1875, John Muir and Jerome Fay,
while taking a series of barometric readings on the summit of Mount Shasta,
were surprised by a freezing snow storm. They survived the night by lying down
in the acidic and scalding hot springs located near the summit. Muir describes
both the climb and that eventful night.
The article describes the general characteristics of the mountain, including a detailed account of the botanical life zones from bottom to top. Illustrated with seven line engravings entitled: 'Extreme Summit of Mount Shasta'; 'View of the Whitney Glacier near the Head'; 'Bird's eye View of Mount Shasta, Showing its three Botanic Zones'; 'Picea Amabilis'; 'Mount Shasta from Strawberry Valley'; 'Mount Shasta from the Valley of the Upper Sacramento'; 'Dwarf Pines.'
Note that the 1874-75 Muir notebooks are available on microfilm from the Holt-Atherton Center for Western Studies at the University of the Pacific. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS10].
[MS476]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Notes from Shasta. In: Daily Evening Bulletin. San Francisco, Calif.: Sept. 13, 1877. [p. 3]. '(Correspondence of the Bulletin) Sisson's Station, September 10th.' Three paragraph article. First paragraph describes the virtues of the Shasta Region: "...delightful freshness and beauty can scarcely be conceived." Second paragraph mentions that two of the world's foremost botanists have been on Mt. Shasta: "Hooker and Gray have been here three days exploring the woods and meadows, working and enjoying themselves as only botanists can. This morning they began their homeward journey. Their labors on this coast done for the present, though they both look hopefully forward among the remaining late years of their life for another big summer in our unrivaled flora. Their efforts have been mainly directed to the coniferous trees, and the light which these masters will now be able to cast upon our unrivaled forests will appear in the second volume of the California Botany, which Gray tells me will probably be published in about a year from now." In the third paragraph Muir states that he is on his way to Lassen's Butte and that: "Shasta looms majestically in the pure ether, capped with a cloud, against whose bosses the early sungold is beating, giving early promise of an abundant crop of snow-bloom, and bringing vividly before me a wild storm-night spent upon its summit years ago." 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS476].
[MS2099]. Muir, John 1838-1914. A Wind Storm in the Forests of the Yuba. In: Scribners Monthly. Nov. 1878. Vol 17. No. 1. "While exploring the forest zones of Mount Shasta, I discovered the path of a hurricane strewn with thousands of pines of this species. Great and small had been uprooted or wrenched off by shear force, making a clean gap, like that made by a snow avalance" p. 55. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS2099].
[MS944]. Muir, John 1838-1914. The Wild Sheep of the Sierra. In: Scribner's Monthly. May, 1881. Vol. 22. No. 1. pp. 1-11. According to the definitive bibliography of John Muir (see Kimes 1986 p. 8) this article is an expanded version of Muir's "Wild Sheep of California" appearing in The Overland Monthly, Vol. 12, No. 4, Apr., 1874, pp. 358-363. Muir's article contains an interesting illustration entitled "Snow -bound on Mount Shasta" which shows the mountain sheep of Mt. Shasta and in an inset shows Muir huddled in a blizzard (p. 2). Contains several references to Mount Shasta and to the Shasta flocks of Mountain Sheep. For example, Muir's writes: "Once I was snow bound on Mount Shasta for three days, a little below the timber line. It was a dark and stormy time, well calculated to test the skill and endurance of mountaineers. The snow-laden gale drove on night and day in hissing, blinding floods, and when at length it began to abate, I found that a small band of wild sheep had weathered the storm in the lee of a clump of dwarf pines a few yards above my storm-nest, where the snow was eight or ten feet deep. I was warm back of a rock, with blankets, bread and fire. My brave companions lay in the snow, without food, and with only the partial shelter of the short trees, yet made no sign of suffering or faint-heartedness" (p. 3). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS944].
[MS1217]. Muir, John 1838-1914. The
Coniferous Forests of the Sierra Nevada. In: Scribner's Monthly. Sept.,
1881. Vol. 22. No. 5. pp. 710-723; part II continues in Oct. 1881, Vol. 22,
No. 6, pp. 921-931. John Muir describes the wealth and beauty of California's
coniferous trees. He then describes the ecology and habitats of each species
of conifer. Note that for Muir and other 19th century writers, Mt. Shasta was
considered to be a part of the Sierras.
Contains an engraving entitled: 'Edge of the Timber-line on Mount Shasta' (p. 712). Muir mentions the trees of the McCloud and Pitt Rivers (p. 720). He also notes: 'The cupressus is a beautiful tree, seventy-five or eighty feet high, growing along the banks of cool streams on the upper Sacramento toward Mount Shasta.) (p. 391) 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS1217].
[MS1244]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Glaciers and Snow Banners of California. In: Contemporary Biography of California's Representative Men. San Francisco, Calif.: A.L. Bancroft and Co., 1882. pp. 104-112. Only mentions Mount Shasta once: "While I find that the average elevation at which the Sierra glaciers melt is not far from eleven thousand feet above sea level, the Whitney glacier discovered by Clarence King on the north side of Mount Shasta, descends to nine thousand five hundred feet, which is the lowest point reached by any glacier within the limits of Califpornia." (p.108). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS1244].
[MS222]. Muir, John 1838-1914. The Mountains of California. New York: The Century Company, 1903. Often considered to be Muir's first complete book, it came somewhat late in his life; he was 65 years old at the time of publication. Mount Shasta topics briefly discussed in this book are: Shasta bees (pp. 359-366), Wild Sheep on Mount Shasta (p. 307); Douglas Squirrel (pp. 322-3); Mount Shasta geology (pp. 11-12). Illustrations in the book include: "Mount Shasta Looking Southwest" (p. 13); "Edge of the Timberline on Mount Shasta" (p. 143); "Snow Bound on Mount Shasta." This last picture is actually two illustrations, one of Muir, the other of a herd of Bighorn Sheep which Muir saw on the mountain (p. 306). 'Bee Pastures of California' was originall published in the Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, 1882, pp. 222-229, 388-396. 'The Douglas Squirrel of California' was published in Scribner's Monthly, 1888, Vol. 17, pp. 260-266 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS222].
[MS2192]. Muir, John 1838-1914. A Conversation
with John Muir. World's Work [London, England]. Nov. 1906. pp. 8249-8250.
The World's Work was an English socialist magazine. This article is a little
known and humorous John Muir Mount Shasta story. The article is reproduced here
in it's entirety: "'Home is the most dangerous place I ever go to,' remarked
Mr. John Muir, the famous geologist and naturalist. He was on the train returning
from Arizona to his home in Martinez, Cal., after the earthquake. 'As long as
I camp out in the mountains, without tent or blankets, I get along very well;
but the minute I get into a house and have a warm bed and begin to live on fine
food, I get into a draft and the first thing I know I am coughing and sneezing
and threatened with pneumonia, and altogether miserable. Outdoors is the natural
place for a man.'"
"The train was passing through the San Francisco Mountains in northwestern Arizona. The conversation was left to Mr. Muir, in acknowledgment of his superior powers of entertainment and instruction. It drifted naturally on to mountain tramping, and Mr. Muir told of a walk he took around Mt. Shasta several years ago. 'I was stopping at Sisson's' he said, 'and one morning I thought I'd take a walk, so I put on my hat and started. As I went down the path to the gate, Mrs. Sisson called after me to ask how long it would be before I would be back. 'O, I don't know,' I said, 'not very long, I guess.' 'Will you be back to luncheon?' she asked. 'I expect so,' I said, and went on. After I had got along a bit I concluded to walk up to the timber-line and back again. So I started off up the mountain side. I soon found that I could not go up directly, as I had expected, as there were long gulches full of snow ahead, around which I had to make detours before I could proceed. I kept repeating this performance, intent on getting up, until it was growing dusk before I realized what time it was. But I was used to being caught out so I simply got on the lee side of a big log, made a fire, and went to sleep on a pile of leaves. In the morning I soon reached the timber-line. Then I noticed some new snow formations near the summit, and I concluded to go on up. I made the ascent and got back to the timber-line again by about nightfall of the second day. It was snowing, so I made a bigger fire and lay up closer to my log shelter. When I awoke in the morning I was covered with snow, but I wasn't uncomfortably cold. But I concluded I would work down to a little lower level and continue on around the mountain. By this time I began to feel a little 'gone' from lack of food. I've often spent two days without anything to eat and even felt better for it; but the third day is getting toward the point of being too much. As I tramped along I thought I saw smoke. I stopped and watched it for a long time to make sure that it wasn't a ribbon of cloud. When I was sure it was smoke, I worked toward it, and in about an hour I came on a Mexican sheep-herders' camp. After a lot of signaling and gesticulating, I made them understand that I was very hungry, and at last they got me up a meal. I spent the night with them, and the next day continued my march around the mountain, taking some bread and coffee from the camp. For three days I went on without seeing anybody. On the seventh day I completed the circuit of the mountain, and about noon I sauntered up the walk to Sisson's, as if I had just come in from a half-hour's stroll. Mrs. Sisson saw me and called out, 'Well, Mr. Muir, do you call this a short walk? Where have you been? I've had a guide out searching for you.' 'O, I just took a little walk: I went around the base of the mountain. But I got back in time for lunch, didn't I?' I had been gone seven days and had walked a hundred and twenty miles.
'But that is the way to enjoy the mountains. Walk where you please, when you like, and take your time. The mountains won't hurt you, nor the exposure. Why, I can live out for $50 a year, for bread and tea and occasionally a little tobacco. All I need is a sack for the bread and a pot to boil water in, and an axe. The rest is easy.'
Some one mentioned the 'Boole,' reputed to be the biggest 'big tree.'
'Yes,' remarked Mr. Muir, 'I measured it. I'd been fooled so often with yarns about these biggest trees that I wouldn't go until the engineer who had measured it told me himself that he had used a steel tape. Then I made a three days' journey to the tree. When I measured it, though, the most I could make its girth was fifty feet less than the engineer's figures. But I learned afterward that a lumberman who had helped him had held out that much slack of the tape as a joke. Later, when looking over some of my old note-books, I found memoranda on this very tree, which I had made years before.
'But,' added Mr. Muir, 'I would go three times around the world to see a tree as big as they said that was.'
Then the subject branched off. Later Mr. Muir told of a trip which he and Professor Sargent of Brookline, Mass., took together to study trees in Siberia. 'We went out there and saw them all right, and then I wanted to see the Cedars of Lebanon that old Solomon used to build the temple. So while Professor Sargent went back to Petersburg I ran down that way, but was headed off by the smallpox quarantine at Joppa. To fill in the time I went over in the Transcaucasus to see some American copper concessions that are being worked there. When I got back to Constantinople the quarantine was still on, and I took a run up the Nile to see Assouan and the old temples at Karnak. Then I came back and went into Palestine, and saw the Cedars of Lebanon at last. Then Professor Sargent came along, and we went through the Red Sea together, and around to India. I had always wanted to get into the high Himalayas, so I took six weeks to go back into them about 600 miles. After I got back to Calcutta I decided to see some of the trees in Ceylon, and that took several weeks. Then we went on around to Hong Kong. I had a letter from President Roosevelt to Conger at Peking, but when we got to Hong Kong I didn't want to get into the hot, dusty city, so I told Sargent to take the letter and go on up there. 'Why don't you want to go?' says he. 'O, there aren't any trees there.' 'Well, where are you going, then?' he says. 'Never you mind,' says I. 'You go ahead. I'm going to buy a map of the world and figure out a little trip.''
That 'little trip' was to Australia, and included a 2,600-mile excursion into the interior by rail, boat, stage, and afoot, solely to see the great eucalyptus forests. 'And,' concluded Mr. Muir, 'I'd have gone on from there to Chile, to see the Araucaria imbricata, if I hadn't found out that the nearest way was to go back home to San Francisco and start over again.'
The reference to the Araucaria imbricata was to an earlier part of the conversation, about the petrified forests of Arizona. For twenty years the Santa Fé has advertised these forests as a side-trip to be made from either Holbrook or Adamana. 'And do you know,' said Mr. Muir, 'those fellows had waited all that time for me to come down there to find three more forests that not even the people in that country knew about--and one of them is the biggest one there. But what strikes me most about these forests is that there is not a solitary one of their species of trees in the North American continent. These petrified trees were carbon millions of years ago--and yet in Chile to-day there are magnificent forests of this identical species, the Araucaria imbricata. And if I live long enough I'm going to make a trip to Chile just to see them.'" 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS2192].
[MS254]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Steep Trails. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1918. Cover photograph of Mount Shasta. Steep Trails is a collection of Muir's letters, articles, and stories published posthumously by Muir's biographer and friend William Frederic Bade. Chapter III: "Summer Days at Mount Shasta," Chapter IV: "A Perilous Night on Shasta's Summit," and Chapter V: "Shasta Rambles and Modoc Memories" are verbatim reprints, with new titles, of portions of Muir's "Mount Shasta" chapter first published circa 1888 in the subscription magazine Picturesque California. Contains two full-page photographs: "Mount Shasta after a Snowstorm" (facing p. 30) ; and "At Shasta Soda Springs" (facing p. 48). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS254].
[MS176]. Muir, John 1838-1914. [letters, 1874-1888, of a personal nature, about Mount Shasta] . In: Bade, William Frederic. The Life and Letters of John Muir. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1923. Vol. II, pp. 29-41, 49-50, 82-85, 219. Two Volumes. Letters from John Muir to his friends, telling them about his 1874, 1875, 1877, and 1888 experiences on Mount Shasta. These letters were dated mostly from November and December, 1874, but note that they are very different from the letters of the same months which were published in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin. Muir's exuberant mood is seen to be based on physical and mental confidence, always tempered by his sense of beauty. He says, for example: "For two days and a half I had nothing in the way of food, yet suffered nothing, and was finely nerved for the most delicate work of mountaineering, both among crevasses and lava cliffs. Now I am sleeping and eating. I found some geological facts that are perfectly glorious, and botanical ones, too." (p. 38) He adds: "Shasta snowflakes are very beautiful, and I saw them finely under my magnifying glass." (p. 35) On his way to Mount Shasta, walking along the main California and Oregon stage road from Redding to Sisson's, Muir eloquently describes seeing Shasta for the first time: 'When I first caught sight of it over the braided folds of the Sacromento Valley, I was fifty miles away and afoot, alone and weary. Yet all my blood turned to wine, and I have not been weary since.' (p. 31) 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS176].
[MS339]. Muir, John 1838-1914. [Journals
of John Muir]. In: Wolfe, Linnie Marsh 1881-1945. John of the Mountains.
Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1938. Muir comments on Mount Shasta
several times in his journals. In one of his most poetic statements, he says
"Mountains. When we dwell with mountains, see them face to face, every
day, they seem as creatures with a sort of life--friends subject to moods, now
talking, now taciturn, with whom we converse as man to man. They wear many spiritual
robes, at times an aureole, something like the glory of the old painters put
around the heads of saints. Especially is this seen on lone mountains, like
Shasta, or on great domes standing single and apart" (p. 98).
A lengthy journal entry (pp. 193-200) about hunting Shasta wild sheep contains many details of the hunters themselves, including Muir. These personal details did not appear in the published versions of the story Muir sent to the San Francisco Evening Bulletin in 1874.
Includes a reference to a camping trip made by Muir in 1885 to Mount Shasta (p. 281). Also in this book is the oft-quoted passage from 1888 by Muir about J.H. Sisson. Muir writes: "At the station meet(sic) Sisson, who is getting feeble....He deplores the destruction of the forest about Shasta. The axe and saw are heard more often in the Shasta woods, and the glory is departing" (p. 289).
Linnie Marsh Wolfe was the first person to edit and publish major portions of the voluminous journals and notebooks of John Muir. In 1923 W. F. Bade published The Life and Letters of John Muir which contains only a fraction of the Muir journals. Much of the material in Muir's original Mt. Shasta notebooks remains unpublished. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS339].
[MS594]. Muir, John 1838-1914. The Cruise of the Corwin: Journal of the Arctic Expedition of 1881 in Search of De Long and the Jeannette. Dunwoody, Ga.: Norman S. Berg, Publisher, 1974. p. 257, pp. 279-280. Reprint. First published 1917 by Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass. Contains an appendix, written by Muir, on the 'Glaciation of the Arctic...,' in which the glaciers of Mt. Shasta are mentioned: 'A general exploration of the mountain ranges of the Pacific Coast shows that there are about sixty-five small residual glaciers on the Sierra Nevada of California...Mount Shasta, near the northern boundary of California, has a few shrinking glacier remnants, the largest about three miles in length. We find that, to the north of California, groups of active glaciers still exist on all the highest mountains...' (p. 237). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS594].
[MS372]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Notes on My Journeying in California's Northern Mountains. Ashland, Ore.: Lewis Osborn, 1975. 'Illustrations by Thomas Hill & Victor Perard.' Introduction by Lawrence W. Jorden, Jr. This is a reprint of the Mount Shasta chapters which Muir wrote and which first appeared in 1888 in issues of the serialized book called Picturesque California. Note that the introduction to Notes... states that these essays appeared in issues from 1894, which is actually the date of their serialized reprinting in the first abridged version of Picturesque California. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS372].
[MS219]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Mount
Shasta . In: Muir, John 1838-1914. Picturesque California and the Region
West of the Rocky Mountains . Philadelphia, Pa.: Running Press, 1976. pp.
193-232. Story first published in 1888. Constitutes 'Chapter X' of Picturesque
California. Muir's Mount Shasta article is a rewrite (with additions) of
portions of his previously published Mt. Shasta articles. This account combines
the story of his nearly fatal struggle to stay alive on the summit of Mount
Shasta in 1875 with his general remarks about the surrounding countryside. The
chapter ends with an oft-quoted and eloquent
appeal : "The Shasta region is still a fresh unspoiled wilderness, accessible and available for travelers of every kind and degree. Would it not be a fine thing to set it apart like the Yellowstone and Yosemite as a National Park for the welfare and benefit of all mankind, preserving its fountains and forests and all its glad life in primeval beauty? Very little of the region can ever be more valuable for any other use--certainly not for gold nor for grain. No private right or interest need suffer, and thousands yet unborn would come from far and near and bless the country for its wise and benevolent forethought" (p. 232).
Picturesque California was first published as a magazine series with the stated purpose to be an artistic showcase of Californian scenery. Muir's chapter about Mount Shasta was illustrated by nine major paintings or engravings of the mountain by Thomas Hill, the renowned 19th century Yosemite painter, who had climbed to the summit of Mt. Shasta in 1877. Muir's chapter also contains dozens of Mt. Shasta paintings and illustrations by other noted American and Californian artists. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS219].
[MS163]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Modoc Memories. In: Engberg, Robert. John Muir: Summering in the Sierra. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. pp. 52-58. Originally published as 'Modoc Memories. A Visit to the Lava Beds by Muir the Geologist and Explorer - The Spot where Gen. Canby Fell - Sad Relics of the War. (From our Special Correspondent)' in the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, Dec. 28, 1874. Fourth in the series of Muir's five 1874-5 Mount Shasta articles appearing in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin. After hunting sheep northeast of Mount Shasta, Muir traveled to the Lava Beds. This article provides some unofficial history of the famous 1873 Modoc Indian Wars. Muir met with hunters and trappers, some of whom "had fought in the lava beds, and because the events of the war were still fresh in their minds we were presented with many lively scraps of history and picturesque sketches of the character and appearance of Captain Jack, Boston Charlie," etc. (pp. 52-3). Muir and his party became so interested in the Modoc War landscape that they visited the battle site. Muir described the landscape in vivid detail and included his own reconstruction of the battle difficulties for both sides. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS163].
[MS166]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Salmon Breeding: McCloud River, Oct. 24, 1874. In: Engberg, Robert. John Muir: Summering in the Sierra. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. pp. 20-27. Originally published as 'Salmon Breeding. The Establishment of McCloud River. John Muir, The Naturalist Gives a Graphic Description of What is Being Done. (Special Correspondent of the Bulletin.) U.S. Salmon Breeding Establishment on the McCloud River, Shasta Co., Oct. 24, 1874.' in the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, Oct. 29, 1874. This is the first of a series of five articles from the Shasta region which Muir wrote in 1874-1875 for the San Francisco Evening Bulletin. On his way to Mount Shasta, on foot from Redding, Muir chanced upon the U.S. Fish Commission camp on the McCloud River. Muir's comments are decidedly pun-filled but sympathetic: "But Shasta's white cone is still eighty miles away, and I have made no advancement for a week, being caught and scholared in the fish schools of the Commissioners" (p.21). From Muir we learn the methods of salmon egg collection. In 1874, five thousand salmon were caught as they swam upstream on the McCloud River, and from these fish over five million eggs were taken and hatched. Muir's next to last sentence in this article : "Long may McCloud salmon swim!" (p. 27). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS166].
[MS162]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Shasta Bees: Sisson' Station, Dec. 17, 1874. In: Engberg, Robert. John Muir: Summering in the Sierra. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. pp. 59-63. Originally published as 'Shasta Bees. A Honeyful Region - The Bee Lands - A Summer Paradise. (From our Special Correspondent.) Sisson' Station near Mt. Shasta, December 17, 1874' in the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, Jan. 5, 1875. Fifth in the series of five 1874-5 Mount Shasta articles appearing in the S.F. Evening Bulletin. Muir uses the life of the bee as a metaphor for how to visit Mount Shasta: "Regarding Mount Shasta from a bee point of view and beginning at the summit, the first 5,000 feet is clothed in summer with glaciers and rags of snow, and is, of course, almost entirely honeyless. The next 1,000 feet of elevation is a brown zone tufted and matted with bush penstemon and bryanthus. Next comes the silver fir-zone, about 2,500 feet in height"(p. 60), and so on down the mountain. Muir admonishes one to "Follow the bees and be showered with blossoms; take a baptism and a honey-bath and get some sweetness into your lives" (p. 62). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS162].
[MS164]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Shasta Game: Sisson's Station, November 29, 1874. In: Engberg, Robert. John Muir: Summering in the Sierra. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. pp. 39-50. Originally published as 'Shasta Game. Hunting the Wild Sheep and Mule Deer - Exciting Sport Among the Lava Cliffs - John Muir Tells What He Saw and Did. (Special Correspondent of the Bulletin) Sisson's Station, Near Mount Shasta, November 29, 1874' in the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, Dec. 2, 1874. Third in the series of five 1874-5 Mount Shasta articles appearing in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin. The first paragraph of this article contains one of the last first-hand accounts of the wild California Bighorn mountain sheep seen on Mount Shasta itself: "A small flock of about a dozen were sheltering beneath dwarf pines a few hundred yards above my storm-rest" (p. 40). Most of this article contains Muir's impressions of a hunting expedition, in the company of Jerome Fay and J. H. Sisson, amongst others, to the northeast of Mount Shasta. Muir's comments reveal his inner debates about the experience. On the one hand he realizes that: "Only a few centuries separate us from great-grandfathers that were savage as wolves; this is the secret of our love for the hunt. Savageness is natural; civilization....is strained and unnatural." On the other hand he says: "We went up to the ewe, which was 'all that was left of them, left of the fifty.' She was still breathing, but helpless. Her eye was remarkably mild and gentle, and called out for sympathy as if she were human. Poor woman-sheep! She was shot through the head and never knew what hurt her" (p. 48). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS164].
[MS165]. Muir, John 1838-1914. Shasta in Winter: Sisson's Station. November 24, 1874. In: Engberg, Robert. John Muir: Summering in the Sierra. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. pp. 30-37. Originally published as 'Shasta in Winter. John Muir, the Geologist and Explorer, Ascends It. A Hard and Perilous Undertaking - Among the Glaciers, Lava-beds, and Storm-clouds. (Special Correspondent of the Bulletin.) Sisson's Station, November 24, 1874.' in the San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, Dec. 2, 1874. Second in the series of five 1874-5 Mount Shasta articles appearing in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin. This contains the story of Muir's first ascent of Mount Shasta. Muir delivers plenty of descriptive flourish, for example, this view from the timber line: "A boundless wilderness of storm clouds of different age and ripeness were congregated over all the landscape for thousands of square miles, colored gray, and purple, and pearl and glowing white, among which I seemed to be floating, while the cone of Shasta above and the sky was tranquil and full of sun" (p. 35). Note that this first ascent by Muir is not the famous 1875 third ascent wherein Muir and Jerome Fay were trapped by a storm on the summit of Shasta. Muir uses the name of "Crater Butte" (p. 65) for the present-day Shastina cone. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS165].
[MS2168]. Muir, John 1838-1914. A Perilous Night on Shasta's Summit. In: Muir, John 1838-1914. Mountaineering essays. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1989. xxiv; 175 p.; 21 cm. Edited and introduced by Robert F. Fleck. Peregrine Smith literary naturalists. A perilous night on Shasta's summit (p. 65-89). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS2168].
[MS2169]. Muir, John 1838-1914. A Perilous Night on Shasta's Summit . In: Muir, John 1838-1914. Sacred Summits: John Muir's Greatest Climbs. Edinburgh : Canongate, 1999. xxx; 162 p.; [8] p. of plates; col. ill.; 22 cm. Edited and introduced by Graham White. A perilous night on Shasta's summit / John Muir (p. 95-108). 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS2169].
[MS902]. Rodgers, Augustus Frederick.
Report to the Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, the Honorable
C.P. Patterson on the Question of a Signal or Monument for the Summit of Mount
Shasta, California. May 8, 1875. Unpublished report and journal, both typescript
copies of the originals. Compiled and annotated by Davis E. Michael. This
is apparently one of two reports which C. L. Stewart states are "in the
files of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in Washington, D. C., ...
our chief authority on the matter of the geodetic monument which once crowned
the summit of Shasta....The University of California Library possesses a photostat
of these two documents" (see Stewart 1929, p. 136).
Consists of a brief report and a journal resulting from A. F. Rodgers's trip from San Francisco to Mt. Shasta, April 21 to May 5, 1875. The report outlines the practical considerations of constructing and paying for the summit monument. The journal contains a record of Rodgers's ascent to mid-levels of Mt. Shasta with John Muir and Jerome Fay. The latter half of the journal describes the physical condition of Muir and Fay after their famous overnight ordeal on the summit in freezing weather without warm clothes or shelter.
In his journal Rodgers writes that: "May 1st. Sisson left at 5 A.M. to break camp on Shasta's flank & bring down camp traps with Mr. Muir & Fay, left early enough to get Mr. Muir down in time to leave with me in stage at 4 P.M. this afternoon for Redding, en route to San Francisco--Sisson expected to be back at 1 P.M. but 4 P.M. passed & no news of the party, the natives commenced to gather in front of Sisson's & say 'something is wrong with them fellows,' an apprehension which I must say I did not share knowing them both to be experienced mountaineers; about 5 P.M. Sisson came in sight with two very weather-beaten men, hardly recognizable Muir in his stocking feet & Fay walking with considerable difficulty from the horse block to the house--Muir insisted on staying for the 3 o'clock observation & observed it in a storm of snow & hail so blinding that it was considered more risky to attempt to get down to camp than to stay on the summit and take the chances of freezing--2 ft of snow fell on the summit & Muir & Fay kept themselves alive in the intense cold, the former without a coat of any kind, by lying down on the hot spring ground--actually scalding the skin off the back & hips in blisters where ever the contact was too close, Mr. Muir regretted that he could not answer my inquiry as to the degree of cold.--by saying that 'while his back was scalding his beard & watch chain & two barometer guards were all frozen together & he had not the courage to go ten feet off to get the 'Thermometer cases' although he knew it would be a matter of interest to observe them. At 8 o'clock this morning Mr. Muir & Fay made up their minds to break out from the summit & get to camp--after leaving the hot springs every stitch of clothing was frozen stiff upon them & in crossing the snow field their feet became frosted in spite of every precaution one of Fay's feet is badly frosted & both of Muir severely touched--bathe the feet in ice cold water, apply bandages to the feet & one of the natives has a balm for the hot spring blisters--which he proceeds to apply. Hang Cistern Barometer No. 1544 taken to the summit by Muir and compare it with 1571 taken up by me--comparisons good--Muir's observations and mine at the summit agree. May 2d. Muir and Fay both look as if they had been on a 'terrible tear' eyes bloodshot, faces red and swollen & altogether two very disreputable looking persons--Mr. Muir although lying in bed with his stocking feet constantly wet & exposed to the air, thinks he will be able to take the stage this afternoon" (pp. 8-10.) Both the report and the journal contain a substantial amount of detail about the placement of the signal on top of Mt. Shasta. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS902].
[MS644]. [Sacramento Union]. On Mount Shasta All Night. In: Sacramento Union. Sacramento, Calif.: May 14, 1875. Contemporary newspaper account of John Muir and Jerome Fay's harrowing entrapment by a storm on top of Shasta. Includes descriptions such as: "They were liable to be blown into eternity at every moment not only that, but the storm was so violent they could not see where they were going, so they retraced their steps back to the summit. There they both lay down, with their feet buried in the hot mud on the edge of the spring, which is very hot, and remained there during the night. Fay did not even have his coat with him. The roaring thunder all around and far below them were terrible all night. When day broke they found themselves literally blistered all over." 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS644].
[MS218]. Wolfe, Linnie Marsh 1881-1945. Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1945. This book has long been one of the classic Muir biographies. Wolfe utilized material from Muir's daughters in preparing the passages about Muir's first and second ascents of Mount Shasta. Thus in this book one gets additional dialogue (p. 180) between Muir and J.H. Sisson (the renowned guide and innkeeper who came to rescue Muir), dialogue which is not in Muir's own published accounts. Also in this book are Muir's comments made as a result of a brief trip to the mountain in 1888. Wolfe states that "Muir was appalled at 'the destruction of the forest about Shasta. The axe and saw are heard here more often ...and the glory is departing.' as he turned from 'the raw shingle town of Sisson, glaring in the Shasta meadows,' and climbed among the lower forests, he faced the ugly fact that while he had been 'money grubbing' this devastation had been going on without protest" (pp. 238-239). See also Wolfe's John of the Mountains: The Unpublished Journals of John Muir, 1938, which contains many brief entries from several of Muir's journeys to Mount Shasta. 21. Literature: John Muir. [MS218].
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Recreation ~ Maps ~ Mount Shasta Collection ~ Bibliography ~ Lesson Plans ~ About Project


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Message Board
Erica Orloff Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Orloff has written!
Author Orloff's Book Reviews
Diary of a Blues Goddess
Red Dress Ink, August 2003, 12.95, 304 pp. ISBN 0373250320 The Heartbreak Hotel in New Orleans has a colorful past and an even brighter present. It used to be a bordello until one of the working girls was murdered there and the madam closed it down. Now it is a refuge for the drag queens and the broken hearted who have no place else to go or need a haven. The ghost of a woman who was murdered there haunts the jaunt, but to Georgia Ray Miller i...
Mafia Chic
Red Dress, Sep 2004, 12.95, 256 pp. ISBN: 0373250703 Twenty-six years old Teddi Gallo holds a special spot in the hearts of the Mafia. She is the only granddaughter amongst eighteen grandchildren of Don Grandfather Poppy Marcello. Teddi has protection wherever she goes as no one will allow any harm to come her. She and her cousin Quinn co-own Teddi's Italian Restaurant in Manhattan where she doubles as chef while he works the front. Conserv...
Spanish Disco
Red Dress Ink, Jan 2003, 12.95 ISBN: 0373250231 Though West Side Publishing book editor Cassie Hayes now lives in Boca Raton, Florida, she has never shredded her New York City lifestyle, which means coffee at any hour. In the case of her top novelist, Michael Pearton that could mean three in the morning her time as he calls her from England whenever he suffers writer's block or needs phone sex. Cassie likes this relationship because she fears a...
The Roofer
Mira, May 2004, 12.95, 304 pp. ISBN: 0778320723 The violent Irish gang the Westies has ruled in Manhattan's Hell's Kitchen for decades. The three O'Neil siblings were raised by an unstable mother who finally killed herself and a father notorious for being THE ROOFER, throwing his enemies off the roof of the tenement buildings. Two of their dad's cronies helped with caring for the trio. Carol escaped into marriage pretending that her family was...


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Bronx Gunman Shot His Friend, Didn't Spill His Drink
The most shocking part of the security camera video is not where the gunman in a red polo shirt and green baseball cap empties his silver automatic pistol into his supposed friend.
Nor is it where the gunman then viciously pistol whips his victim repeatedly for having the temerity not to die.
Nor is it the way the gunman manages not to spill a drop of the drink in his other hand as he commits all this savagery.
The worst of it comes after the gunman delivers a final blow and departs this small grocery store on Webster Avenue in the Bronx.
One by one, five other men calmly step over the wounded man with horrifying indifference, evidencing no concern at all except maybe not stepping in the blood.
The third of the five men does pause for a moment as the victim struggles to rise despite wounds to his head, chest, and both legs.
The victim then collapses and the third man just steps past him, as did the two men before, as do the two who come afterward.
Fifty years ago, the whole nation was shocked by reports that dozens of neighbors had done nothing on hearing the screams of Kitty Genovese as she was stabbed to death near her home in Queens.
The Bronx security camera video from early Saturday is in some ways more disturbing than that infamous, long ago failure of strangers to act.
The owner of the grocery reports that everyone involved in this new horror—the gunman, the victim, and the five others—know each other.
"They are all friends," the owner, Ali Abdulla, told The Daily Beast on Monday. "They spend all day being together."
He could not immediately explain how friends could suddenly behave this way.
"Overnight hate," he said.
He is originally from Yemen, and he added, "It does not just happen in the Middle East,"
Abdulla has been running the store for 23 years. He was at McDonald's early Saturday, getting dinner for his two late-night workers, when one of them called to say there had been a shooting. He hurried back and learned that a group of young men had come in after filming a rap video out on Webster Avenue.
The young men had been drinking, and an argument erupted over who was better schooled in rap music. The dispute had quickly escalated from spitting to deafening gunfire as the workers looked on in terror.
No thanks to his supposed friends, the 37-year-old victim is expected to live. The store was open for business Monday, the security camera that captured the disturbing images just inside the front door, the linoleum floor scarred in at least three places by bullets.
"You have empty boxes?" a woman asked.
"Empty boxes, come back at 6 or 7," the clerk behind the counter said.
The victim's brother entered the store wearing a dark-blue shirt, gray shorts, and sunglasses, his hair in braids. He had good reason to believe that this was one place the gunman would not be found. He said nothing as he exited soon after.
The owner, Abdulla, stood outside, speaking about the local men of the street and sounding like a voice from the bad old days, before New York became the safest big city in America.
Read The Full Article On The Daily Beast
More articles from The Daily Beast:
- Toledo: The Town Too Tough For Toxic Water
- Exclusive: 'Pro-Troop' Charity Pays Off Tea Party Cronies Instead
- As Gaza War Comes Home to Israel, a Reluctant Suicide Bomber Emerges
© 2014 Newsweek/Daily Beast Company LLC


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Riding Lessons
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Thank you for choosing an Equine Unlimited, Inc. riding class!!
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- Purchase lessons in blocks of 10 and receive a 10% discount. To purchase lesson packages using PayPal, please use the Second PayPal box below.
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* Boots are required. This is safety issue. Most boots work well, as long as they go above the ankle and have a small heel.
Lessons: School horse, tack & helmet provided. Equine Unlimited, Inc. now offers online scheduling. Visit our scheduling page or click the link "Lessons" to book your lesson today!!


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Got a massive vet bill next week,and five rescues that cant really be rehomed for one reason or another and Im struggling. Works sparce and i wont claim benifits.Living the dogs life.Anyroad im having a market stall selling designer clothes to fund my rescue. Got about 3 grandes worth of stock retail prices,Paul Smith,Marlboro Classics,Burberry, etc,all genuine gear,new or as new. Just sold a paul smith hoody for 20 quid and a brand new g star jacket for same and made 15 quid and that was to mates.
Any road Im def having a stall in near future in sheff or chessy and il have some vintage ufc tee shirts on there so if your local come and take a gander.


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Final Draft Resolution: Right to Access Needed Medicines
PIJIP/University of Pretoria Centre for Human Rights/International Human Rights Legal Clinic (Washington College of Law at American University)
November 4, 2008
We invite your comments on the final draft resolution on human rights and access to medicines in Africa, which will be presented for consideration to the NGO Forum meeting in Abuja (Nigeria) November 8, 2008, on the occasion of the 44th Ordinary Session of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Commission). The resolution requests the African Commission to adopt a resolution recognizing the human right to access to needed medicines and clarifying the duties imposed by the right.
The resolution is a product of the Access to Medicines and Human Rights Initiative, a collaboration of the University of Pretoria Centre for Human Rights and American University Washington College of Law Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property and International Human Rights Legal Clinic, supported by the Open Society Institute. More information on the Initiative is available at http://www.wcl.american.edu/pijip/go/humanrights
Reaffirming that Article 16 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights guarantees that every individual shall have the right to enjoy the best attainable state of physical and mental health and that States are obliged to ensure that everyone has access to medical care, and that Article 4 guarantees every person the right to respect for his or her life;
Recalling that a fundamental objective of the African Union is to work toward the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health on the continent;
Considering the regional human rights instruments expanding upon the rights to health and life, including the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Pretoria Declaration on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Africa, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa;
Recalling the decisions of the African Commission on the right to health notably Free Legal Assistance Group and Others v. Zaire, Purohit and Moore v. The Gambia and Social and Economic Rights Action Center, Center for Economic and Social Rights v. Nigeria which reaffirmed the obligation on States Parties to respect, protect, promote and fulfill the right to health;
Considering international instruments that enshrine the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women; the Convention on the Rights of the Child; United Nations (U.N.) Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007); the U.N. General Assembly's Declaration of Commitment to HIV/AIDS (2001); and the U.N. Commission on Human Rights Resolution on Access to Medication in the context of Pandemics such as HIV/AIDS (2003); among others;
Drawing inspiration from the jurisprudence of national and other regional human rights systems that recognize the rights to access needed medicines as components of the rights to health and life;
Recalling the commitments made by African States in the Abuja Declaration and Plan of Action on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases (2001), the Maseru Declaration on HIV/AIDS (2003) and the Brazzaville Commitment on Scaling Up Towards Universal Access to HIV and AIDS Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support in Africa (2006);
Alarmed that an estimated 10.7 million people died in Africa from communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, and injuries in 2002 and that essential medicines were available in only 38% of all public and private health care facilities in Africa between 2001 and 2007;
Welcoming the commitment of African heads of State at the Abuja Special Summit in April 2001 to allocate at least 15% of their national budgets for improvement of the health sector to help address the HIV/AIDS pandemic;
Recognizing that intellectual property norms being globalized through the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), bilateral trade agreements and other means are contributing to (1) higher prices and reduced supplies of many needed medicines that are under patent in an increasing number of countries, and (2) a concentration of research and development expenditures on "profitable" diseases that affect major population in richer countries, compounding the problems with developing new treatments for so-called "neglected diseases" that predominantly affect poor people;
Recognizing that the WHO has explained that promoting access to medicines requires a holistic programme of action, including to promote the rational selection and use of medicines of good quality, affordable prices, sustainable financing and reliable health and supply systems;
Stressing that the right to health is not confined to a right to health care but rather embraces a wide range of socio-economic factors that promote conditions in which people can lead a healthy life, including all the underlying determinants of health;
Reiterating the finding of the African Commission that the right to life is the fulcrum of all other rights, including the right to health and that the conditions for leading a healthy and dignified life are necessary to respect and protect the right to life;
Recognizing that the equitable access to needed medicines and other medical devices and products for treatment as well as for prevention and palliative care is a necessary condition for leading a healthy and dignified life, and therefore is necessary for the promotion of the rights to life and health in the African Charter;
Reaffirming the finding of the African Commission in Purohit and Moore v. The Gambia that in accordance with the right to health, States party to the African Charter have the obligation "to take concrete and targeted steps, while taking full advantage of its available resources, to ensure that the right to health is fully realised in all its aspects without discrimination of any kind;"
Calls upon the African Commission to adopt a resolution:
1. Expressly recognizing the right to access needed medicines as a human right and clarifying the nature and content of state obligations regarding these rights;
2. Calling upon member States to recognize the full scope of the right to access needed medicines, including:
a. The availability in sufficient quantities of existing and future innovations in medicines and medical technologies needed to promote the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable level of health for all in society;
b. The accessibility of needed drugs to everyone within the jurisdiction of the State without discrimination, including
i. Non-discrimination in access to medicines;
ii. Physical accessibility of needed medicines within the reach of all marginalized sections of the population, including refugees, women, children, older persons, persons with disabilities, incarcerated persons, members of rural communities, migrant workers, sex workers, sexual minorities and persons living with HIV;
iii. Economic accessibility (affordability) of needed medicines to all such that payment and pricing systems, including systems of public or private insurance, are based on the principle of equity pricing so that poorer or more needy households are not disproportionately burdened with medicine expenses;
iv. Information accessibility, including the right to seek, receive and impart truthful and accurate information about the availability and efficacy of medicines, and to regulate the dissemination of untruthful, biased and inaccurate information;
c. The acceptability of medicine supplies in the country, being respectful of medical ethics and the cultures of populations being served;
d. The quality of medicine supplies through systems ensuring that available medicines are safe, effective and scientifically, culturally and medically appropriate;
3. Clarifying the duties that the right to access needed medicines imposes on States, including:
a. To respect the right to access medicines by refraining from measures that negatively affect access to needed medicines, including by refraining from:
i. denying or limiting equal access to medicines for marginalized individuals in society;
ii. prohibiting or impeding the use of traditional medicines and healing practices that are scientifically sound and medically appropriate;
iii. interfering with the provision of humanitarian aid that facilitates the proliferation of necessary medicine during natural disasters or other national emergencies;
iv. implementing intellectual property policies with respect to pharmaceutical products that do not take full advantage of all flexibilities built into the TRIPS Agreement that can be used to protect access to affordable medicines;
v. entering into trade or other international agreements that do not contain sufficient flexibility to prevent increased prices or reduced access to needed medicines in society, including agreements that impose "TRIPS-plus" intellectual property rules for pharmaceuticals;
b. To protect the right to access needed medicines from actions by third parties through regulatory systems that:
i. ensure that only medicines that have met evidence-based and scientifically appropriate standards for quality, safety and efficacy are available, including through regional systems for drug registration and pharmocovigilence;
ii. promote the use of medicines according to the best available evidence, including through establishment and regular review and updating of standard treatment guidelines by independent professional bodies that are free of any undue influence;
iii. prevent unreasonably high prices for needed medicines in both the public and private sectors;
iv. ensure that medical practitioners and patients have ready access to truthful and complete information on the safety and efficacy of medicines, including through measures to ensure that those selling, advertising or distributing medicines are prohibited from distributing biased, untruthful or misleading information or exerting a corrupting influence through gifts, payments or other means;
v. interpret and enforce competition, intellectual property, consumer protection and other laws to promote access to medicines;
c. To fulfill the right to access medicines by adopting all necessary and appropriate positive measures to the maximum of its available resources to promote, provide, and facilitate access to needed medicines, including:
i. immediately meeting the minimum core obligations of ensuring non-discriminatory availability and affordability throughout the country of essential medicines as defined by the country's essential medicines list and the WHO Action Programme on Essential Drugs;
ii. immediately creating a national medicine strategy and plan of action; developing monitoring systems, indicators and benchmarks to ensure compliance with its (1) immediate obligations to make essential drugs universally available now, and (2) progressive obligations to improve access to a broadened definition of needed medicines over time;
iii. promoting meaningful participation by affected individuals and groups in decisions that affect access to medicines, including drug regulatory and pricing decisions and decisions to grant or revoke patents on pharmaceuticals;
iv. creating systems in which patent information and registration status for medicines is readily and publicly accessible;
v. expediting the regulatory review and registration of needed medicines, such as through the use of the WHO Prequalification Programme or approval for marketing by a stringent drug regulatory agency, and creating incentives for companies to register needed medicines expeditiously;
vi. individually and together with other States and non-governmental entities, developing and implementing research and development programmes and systems that ensure that needed medicines are developed to address diseases and conditions that are neglected by traditional patent-based incentive systems;
4. Charging the Working Group on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to assume the responsibility of further defining state obligations related to the right to access medicines within its principles and guidelines and to develop model monitoring and assessment guidelines for States.
Done in Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria.


text:
First i installed the BT5R2, and tried the drive rt2800pci (my wireless card is the Ralink3090 PCIE), it showed the networks, it first did not connect, blacklisting the other wireless drivers he did connect but disconect right after.
then after some search i was able to make and make install, both rt3090sta and rt2860sta drivers
(if this steps http://www.infty.nl/wordpress/2011/0...-linux-driver/) but in both cases i cant even see the wireless networks.
(Jockey-GTK and http://ppa.launchpad.net/markus-tisoft/rt3090/ubuntu repository rt3090sta did not work too)
please, help me.
if i posted in the wrong place or there is any problems in my post, pls tell me how to fix, i am new to the forum, and sory for any english mistakes.


text:
Wow dude,
I was getting exactly the same Dell XPS config, except with BluRay and less Hard Drive.
It's hard to decide. First, I thought to get a Macbook Pro, but they seem to have issues with their screens sometimes. I'm allergic to bad screens.
How do you like your XPS? How is the screen? Even backlighting, good colors, good brightness etc.?
What about battery life, keyboard (I do a lot of programming )? How is the heat?
And one little thing. Sometimes the fan of a laptop spins up for a very short time or varies continuously its speed while working on it. I had it with my previous laptop and it's very annoying, it distracts me when the fan speed changes all the time. Is it the case with the XPS? And how loud is the fan noise actually?
And to the point. Hearing aircrack-ng works on the machine is good news. Now I'm almost definitely getting one. If there are no drawbacks mentioned above, at least.


text: OverviewBack to top Jay Robb - Whey Protein Isolate Powder Strawberry - 80 oz. Item# :106156UPC# :603907000380 Brand:Jay Robb Size/Form:80 oz. Ship Weight:5.15 Servings:76 Dosage:1 Scoop(s) Flavor:Strawberry Jay Robb - Whey Protein Powder Strawberry - 80 oz. (5 lbs. / 2268 g) Jay Robb's Strawberry Whey Protein is made from the finest natural ingredients available and delivers 25 grams of first class protein, 0-fat, 0-cholesterol, 0-sugars, and only 1 gram of carbohydrate per 30 gram serving. Only cold-processed cross-flow microfiltered whey protein isolate is used as the protein source and this material comes from farm-raised, pasture-grazed, grass-fed cows not treated with the synthetic bovine growth hormone rBGH. About Whey Protein IsolateWhey protein isolate, which is used exclusively in Jay Robb's Whey Protein, is created by microfiltering liquid whey through a special ceramic membrane to create the highest grade of whey protein possible. This unique process also yields a whey protein isolate that is much higher in protein than a whey protein concentrate and is also rich in immunoglobulins, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactalbumin and other immune boosting factors. Unique natural flavors and the herb stevia are used to create a flavoring system that is palate pleasing and has made Jay Robb's Whey Protein famous across the nation. Their tagline "The Best-Tasting Protein on the Planet" says it all. Jay Robb Whey Protein contains NONE of the following ingredients: No Artificial Flavors No Aspartame No Acesulfame-K No Sucralose No Artificial Colors No MSG No Artificial Sweeteners Jay Robb's Whey Protein powder is the ultimate! They have left this product simple and natural, so that you can buy one of the highest quality and BEST-TASTING whey protein powders available anywhere in the world! If you don't think their Whey Protein to be the absolute best-tasting (natural) whey product ever developed, then they will refund you the price of the product! You've got nothing to lose! Mixes in water with a few turns of a spoon, or a quick shake in a shaker bottle. BEWARE of most protein powders on the market! Many of these formulas contain cheaper proteins, as well as tons of SUGAR, and refined carbohydrates in the form of: FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE, GLUCOSE POLYMERS, MALTODEXTRIN as well as fake sugars chemically developed such as ASPARTAME, SUCRALOSE, ACESULFAME-K, and POLYDEXTROSE just to name a few. Jay Robb Whey Protein Frequently Asked Questions I am interested in purchasing and supporting animal-friendly products. It says your cows are grass-fed - are the animals treated humanely and are they pasture raised?Thank you for your recent purchase and for your support of animal-friendly products! Rest assured, we side with you 100% and are happy to tell you that the cows that produce the milk for Jay Robb whey protein are raised on small independently owned farms, are not treated with any synthetic growth hormones, and are grass-fed/pasture-grazed animals. Jay Robb has gone to great lengths to provide the highest-quality product possible from animals that are treated humanly and not given synthetic hormones. Jay Robb was the first protein powder company in the world (and still one of the few) to take this stance. Is the Whey protein imported from China?NO! Jay Robb whey protein isolate is NOT imported from China. When you buy their protein you are buying one of the highest quality protein powders on the market today. Do your protein powders contain added sugars, carbohydrates, aspartame or artificial sweeteners?NO! Jay Robb developed their protein product line in 1990 because they couldn't find any high quality, all natural, low-carbohydrate, good tasting proteins powders on the market. Jay Robb protein is sugar free, MSG free, chemical free and they do not have gluten in Jay Robb ingredients. Does your whey protein contain the hormones rBGH or BST?NO! Jay Robb whey is produced from original herds of cows that are not given recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) or bovine somatotropin. How is your whey isolate protein powder created?Whey protein isolate, which is used exclusively in Jay Robb Whey Protein, is created by cross-flow microfiltering liquid whey through a special ceramic membrane to create the highest grade of whey protein possible. There is NO heat used during the cold-filter processing of Jay Robb whey protein formula. (This special process DOES NOT DENATURE the protein.) This unique process also yields a whey protein isolate that is much higher in protein than a whey protein concentrate and is also rich in immunoglobulins, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoalbumin and other immune boosting factors. Jay Robb Whey Protein is made from the finest natural ingredients available to deliver 25 grams of first-class protein, 0-fat, 0-cholesterol, 0-sugars, and only 1 gram of carbohydrate per 30-gram serving. Only microfiltered whey protein isolate is used as the protein source, and this material comes from farm-raised, pasture-grazed, grass-fed cows not treated with the synthetic bovine growth hormone rBGH. Unique natural flavors and the herb stevia are used to create a flavoring system that is palate pleasing and has made Jay Robb Whey Protein famous across the nation. Their tagline, "The Best-Tasting Protein on the Planet," says it all. Jay Robb Whey Protein contains NO artificial flavors, artificial colors, aspartame, acesulfame-K, or sucralose. This product is also instantized so that it mixes easily with the turn of a spoon. Jay Robb offers his Whey Protein in five outrageously delicious flavors: Vanilla, Chocolate, Strawberry, Pina Colada, and Tropical Dreamsicle. Is your protein powder denatured in the process of making it?No. There is NO heat used during the cold-filter processing of Jay Robb whey protein formula. (This special process DOES NOT DENATURE the protein.) This unique process also yields a whey protein isolate that is much higher in protein than a whey protein concentrate and is also rich in immunoglobulins, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoalbumin and other immune boosting factors. Is your whey protein organic?Jay Robb is guaranteed by their supplier in writing that the whey comes from cows not treated with rBGH. The product is not certified organic due to limited supply of organic whey protein raw material at this time. They hope this will change in the future as the demand for Jay Robb product grows. Natural Flavors and Unflavored Jay Robb Protein PowderAre the 'natural flavors' specifically listed on the label of your flavored protein powders 100% unaltered and natural?Jay Robb flavors are naturally derived, and the flavors are uniquely blended with other key natural ingredients (that is a proprietary process). If you are sensitive to flavors (some people are sensitive to natural vanilla but not cocoa, etc.) then they suggest you try Jay Robb unflavored egg white protein, or Jay Robb unflavored whey protein. Pertaining to your natural flavoring, what do you use to make your chocolate whey/egg protein?The chocolate flavor in Jay Robb protein is created from a cocoa extract. There is no carob in Jay Robb products. Why are the scoopers for the whey vanilla and the whey unflavored different sizes?The fluffiness of a product determines the scoop size. The fluffier the product, the larger the scoop needed to deliver one ounce. A denser material (protein powder) will thus require a smaller scoop to deliver the same one ounce serving. I see that you carry several types of protein powder. What is the difference between your egg white protein and your whey protein?Jay Robb carries several types of protein powders, with whey protein and egg white protein ranking at the top of the list. They have several reasons for carrying both. Some individuals are sensitive or allergic to dairy products, and the egg white protein, which is dairy and lactose free would be more suitable for them. Some individuals don't consume egg products because of spiritual beliefs, or food allergies, so the whey might be the best choice for them. Jay Robb personally goes back and forth between the two for variety. Does the Jay Robb Whey protein powder have enzymes in it to break down the protein?None of Jay Robb protein formulas are fully predigested. A portion of the protein contained in their whey formula is predigested. Jay Robb whey is their only formula that contains any predigested protein. Jay Robb is not a believer in fully digesting a protein powder because it can absorb too quickly causing an amino acid rush similar to a sugar rush. Protein and carbohydrate should break down slowly over time during natural digestion for best usability by the body. How much sodium is in the Whey Protein?Each serving of Jay Robb whey is 30 grams and contains 62 mg of sodium. 28.3 grams equals 28,300mg divided by 62 equals .02%. Their unflavored whey is approximately .04% sodium ( the extra natural sodium comes from lecithin which is in the product). The sodium in Jay Robb whey is also naturally occurring and not sodium chloride (table salt). Sodium that is naturally occurring in foods is an essential mineral and needs to be present to balance out potassium and the water table of the body. Sodium is also needed to create hydrochloric acid and buffer the acid by-products of digestion and metabolism. Many companies sell casein protein and claim that the body absorbs it slower than whey. They state that it is good to take through out the day and especially at night. Is that just marketing? Why is Jay against it? The dictionary states: "Casein is a white, tasteless, odorless, milk and cheese protein that is used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, and foods." Casein is a very cheap protein used by companies to offer pliability to protein bars, and to save money on the production of protein powders and other high protein products. Casein is also very, very allergenic to many individuals and can be quite difficult to digest. Casein can absorb slower than whey, but whey is not a fast absorbing protein to begin with, so what is the point. Also, if you wish for a slower absorbing protein just eat it with more fat and it will break down much slower in the body and absorb over longer periods of time. This is why Jay Robb usually recommends a fat or oil be added to a protein drink. In summary, casein is a cheap protein that makes companies a larger profit margin. Jay Robb would never compromise quality to increase their bottom line. Is your protein powder pasteurized?Jay Robb whey protein powder comes from milk that is flash pasteurized for approximately 15 seconds at 72° C (161° F). This causes very little denaturing of the raw materials. No further heat is applied at any other phase of creating Jay Robb delicious whey protein powders. PLEASE NOTE: ALL whey protein powders sold in the United States are from milk that is pasteurized as stated above or from milk heated to 145° F for 30 minutes. Many companies are now stating that their whey is "special" or unique in regard to heating and pasteurizing, but the truth remains that ALL whey proteins sold in America are from pasteurized milk. Jay Robb Egg White protein powder is also flash pasteurized at the lowest temperature allowable by law at 134 degrees Fahrenheit for just 3 1/2 minutes. Give Jay Robb 3 Days and He Will Change Your Life!Want to look and feel incredible—inside and out? Then Jay Robb has the perfect plan for you…Whether you admit it or not, you want to look fantastic. There is nothing wrong with this mindset. It is not an egotistic facet of your existence or a narcissistic adventure. Looking and feeling your best is inherent to your core being. You are naturally programmed to be your best. We all are. And to help you look and feel your best, Jay Robb offers you his 3-Step Plan that can help you look fabulous from head to toe—inside and out. You will look and feel like a new person in 3 days or less. Don't hold back. His plan is easy. His plan is powerful. His 3-Step Plan works, and the time to take action is NOW! STEP 1: Shape Your ThinkingJay Robb's job is to get you in the best shape of your life, and the first step is to help you gain control over your thoughts. The way you think determines your destiny in life and is reflected by you and your surroundings. He feels that most people do not realize his or her full potential because they have NO CONTROL over their thoughts. To get in your best shape requires you to have control over your thoughts. Thought control is the trait ALL successful people possess. STEP 2: Shape Your EatingYou are what you eat, (at least in the physical sense), which is why it is CRITICAL that you eat natural foods. Exercise is not the best way to lose weight. Exercise is however, important for toning your muscles and for getting you physically fit. Your DIET (not exercise) is your best means for losing weight and keeping it off. Never indulge in the erroneous thought that exercise is your weight-loss elixir. It is not. What you eat is what you get. Every bite of food you take and everything you drink creates the physical you. Jay Robb will show you the foods to eat that will make you look like a million dollars (before taxes) and Jay Robb will also show you foods that will make you look fluffy, puffy, and bankrupt. STEP 3: Shape Your BodyExercise is the third step in the process of YOU looking and feeling your absolute best. Your diet is your fat melter and exercise is your body shaper. Exercise allows a woman to create a firm, sexy body that has the curves and contour of a movie star or glamour model. For guys, exercise can build big arms, tight abs, a wide back and powerful thighs. Exercise keeps men and women young, healthy and happy. Exercise is critical but you must exercise properly or you will waste your time, injure yourself, or create an out-of-balance body. Jay Robb's Mission StatementTo help every willing man, woman, and child get in the best shape of his or her life. 7 Ways Jay Robb Accomplishes That Mission: Offering The Jay Robb Plan absolutely FREE on their website. Creating powerful programs, such as The FRUIT FLUSH 3-Day Detox, that can help a person lose up to 9 pounds in three days Offering the best-tasting highest-quality whey protein powder isolate, egg white protein powder, and protein bars on the planet. Writing a powerful rapid weight-loss book, The Jay Robb Plan. Writing an effective workout program, The Jay Robb Workout. Performing webinars, seminars, TV, magazine, and radio interviews to help educate and empower others. Hosting a weekly radio show to answer listener's questions on health, fitness, and weight loss. About Jay RobbJay Robb is a clinical nutritionist with over three decades of experience as a professional in his field. He is the CEO of Jay Robb Enterprises Inc.—a Southern California corporation founded in 1988 and known for producing the best-tasting protein powders on the planet. Jay Robb products and books are sold in over 10,000 health food stores, grocery stores, doctors' offices, nutrition centers, and gyms across the nation. Jay Robb is the best-selling author of over a dozen health and fitness books—which include his renowned Fruit Flush 3-Day Detox, The Fat-Burning Diet (classic version), The 6-Pack Diet, The Fat-Burning Diet Made Easy, Be Still—Be Slim, and The Shake Down Diet. For over 20 years, he was a feature columnist for the magazine Natural Bodybuilding as well as a contributing writer for Men's Exercise. Jay Robb teaches sports nutrition in the San Diego area, has owned two fitness clubs, and was a personal trainer for over 10 years. He also holds a lifetime personal training certificate with the National Gym Association for his contributions in the creation of their personal training certification program. Jay Robb loves surfing, meditating, spending time at the beach, and working out at the gym. He has one son and lives in La Costa, California—on San Diego's beautiful North County coastline. Jay is dedicated to teaching others how to be fit, healthy, and happy for a lifetime.


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Phuket Gazette - 2014-07-15 04:19 PM
There are balls all over the beach at Karon this weekend, as the Thailand Beach Volley Fest ramps up towards the finals this Sunday. 35 teams from around the world have gathered to take part in the event. The semi-finals will be taking place Sunday morning with the finals slated to start at 2pm, with plenty of action guaranteed on center court. Entry for spectators is free, but worth getting to Karon Beach early, if you'd like a seat in the shade.
The Grumpy Old Men's Society - a group of Phuket expats dedicated to helping the local community - recently donated 21 purpose-made medical bags to the Kusoldham Foundation to assist with their work saving lives around the island.
On a flying visit to Phuket last week, golfing legend Sir Nick Faldo dropped by the British International School, Phuket to officially launch the school's new Golf Academy. Phuket Today spoke with head coach Oliver Bates and Sir Nick about the development of youth golf both here and around the world.
The Phuket Lifeguard Club recently staged a fun day of training events at Kamala Beach to give youngsters more confidence in taking to the sea. Phuket Today spoke with Lifeguard Club president, Prathaiyuth Chuayuan, about the fun-filled beach day for Kamala's kids.
How do you think the new President Trump will affect relations with Thailand?
Poll Results :
Total votes:
How do you think the new President Trump will affect relations with Thailand?
Total Vote Result
Total votes : More detail below
Thai Nationals
Total votes :
Local Foreign Residents
Total votes :
Tourists / Visitors to Phuket
Total votes :
The Phuket Gazette Co Ltd
79/94 Moo 4, Thepkrasattri Rd, T. Koh Keaw, A. Muang Phuket 83000, Thailand
Tel: 076-615244 Fax: 076-615240 [email protected]
Copyright © 2013 The Phuket Gazette Co Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Welcome to the forum on mods.dk. The forum on mods.dk is an advance forum, because the forum is integrated into the article database but it is also impossible to write message that not are related to a specific article.
The use of the forum is free, but it require that you have created an account. If you not have create an account you can do it here. Depend of your member status the number of read message can be limited. To see how you get unlimited access go to the donation page.
When you are using mods.dk and have select a article you can by one click see the forum message list or you can write a message. But you can also browse the forum by first select forum button and then select the radio manufacture in the main menu that are located in the left side. The main menu is also ways visible. When you have select the manufacture then you must select the model and after this you can see the complet list of forum message for the selected manufactory and model.
Below you see the 25 latest messages thread. (replies is not displayed, figures in brackets are responses)


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There is plenty of technical information and skill needed in the heating and air conditioning industry so you will need to have HVAC training. Most HVAC workers will have gone to a technical school as well as having some sort of apprenticeship. HVAC is a huge industry as most buildings will contain some type of heating or air conditioning as many systems have both.
Some of the components and information needed in HVAC training in Okreek SD 57563 include mechanical issues, ducts, switches, thermostats, pipes, compressors, motors and other electrical components. A technician will know how to maintain these systems, diagnose and possible problems and correct those issues.
To make yourself more successful in the industry you should have some sort of training as employers will be more likely to hire you. There are several different types of training programs that can last from six months to two years. In these training courses you will study theory, equipment construction, design and electronics. The best HVAC training programs in Okreek SD 57563 will also train you in computer applications, math, applied physics, blueprint reading, chemistry, mechanical drawing and more.
Many times the HVAC technician will specialize in either repair of the systems, installation or maintenance of a system. Other technicians may specialize in a type of equipment such as solar panels, oil burners or commercial refrigeration to name but a few. Many technicians will have contracts with different companies. These types of contracts tend to be for maintenance and repairs on a regular basis.
There are many benefits to being in the heating and air conditioning industry as they have their own union. There is also a demand for HVAC technicians and you can easily start your own company in Okreek SD 57563 if that is your intent. The industry is also projected to grow over the next few years. Therefore you can expect plenty of new customers. There are even stimulus grants available from the government that people are using to install systems that are environmentally friendly.
HVAC also has some very close ties to the health industry as the systems will filter out allergens and dust from the air. Very effective systems are needed for hospitals and particularly intensive care units. So you can even specialize in these very specialized systems.
When looking for systems you want to get an established school in Okreek SD 57563 and not one whose instructors are recent graduates themselves. You also want to look into the technology they use as there are many training school so you want to go to the best that you can.
Hvac R Certification … Hvac/R Training


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GSA Inspector General Announces June 1 Retirement
May 1, 2001
Contact: Jack Lebo (202) 501- 2319
WASHINGTON -- William R. Barton, Inspector General, General Services Administration has announced his intention to retire on June 1, 2001. He has served as Inspector General since November 19, 1985.
Prior to his appointment, Mr. Barton had been a member of the U.S. Secret Service for thirty-two years and had risen through the ranks to the position of Deputy Director. A U.S. Marine Corps veteran, he had served with the Fourth Marine Division in the Pacific Theatre from 1943 until 1945 and participated in the Marshall Islands, Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima campaigns. Recently, he was presented with a gold pin for fifty years of federal public service.
Mr. Barton is a member of the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency and serves on its Investigations Committee. He has provided active and continuous support to the Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy. He represents the General Services Administration as a member of the Board of Directors for the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of Treasury, located in Glynco, Georgia.
He has been an active member of several professional associations including the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the National Sheriff's Association, the Association of Government Accountants, the Association of Former Agents of the U.S. Secret Service, and the Federal Executive Institute Alumni Association. He has received numerous awards including "Federal Executive of the Year," "Executive Excellence Award for Distinguished Service," and "Law Enforcement Leadership Award."
# # #


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'"I think every day that goes by, I'm probably oriented to a larger percentage [of ownership] than I was before," he said Monday. "I believe it has gotten more important to me."'
Golisano sees great potential as he prepares for new era
April 8, 2003 Submitted by
Via: Buffalo News


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The Maverick 40 is one of the most original and ingenious bluewater cats to come along in many years. It offers enormous interior volumes, great cockpit and deck space and clever ergonomics throughout. Stepping into the salon of this cat truly feels like walking into a spacious loft with unobstructed views and abundant light. Modern lines coupled with the use of noble materials and fabrics in subdued colors enhance this elegant atmosphere. Have a look at the interior shots in the attached specification and immerse yourself in a world of refinement and comfort.
SPECIAL FEATURES of the YACHT:
COSMOLEDO is owned by the series designer, a professional yacht designer for 25 years. It was designed partly with an extended cruise for his family in mind and thus has over 300 drawings and incorporates many original features and well-thought-out flow and treatment of all living spaces.
The Mavericks are built extra strong to suit the harsh South African conditions. Sail-handling is simplified and the helm station is well protected.
The interior volume is enormous, easily equivalent to a traditional a 45 foot cat. The hulls are extra wide giving generous internal volume, large cabins, plenty of storage and very good load-carrying capacity. The coachroof extends well forward providing a generously proportioned galley and saloon. This area opens onto a wide, protected aft deck with good access to the sea.
The hull and appendage design is the result of extensive development, the keel being positioned well back in the boat. As a result the boat tacks quickly and steers easily, reducing the load on any autopilot.
COSMOLEDO is fully equipped for extended cruising with every convenience built-in. These include a washer/dryer, dishwasher, 40 Sony LED TV, espresso machine with coffee bean grinder, microwave, vacuum cleaner, blender, digital safe, large freezer, fridge and day fridge-freezer, water-maker, huge diesel and tank volume and all the toys.
The boat spent the first year in a protected marina with occasional weeks in Langebaan lagoon in South Africa. She was washed weekly and cleaned inside every 2 weeks. In March 2012 she made the crossing to the Caribbean with a professional skipper and amateur crew, including the owner. She is being used as a demo boat in the USA until the Annapolis Boat Show in October 2012.
The engines were serviced before 12 months giving another year of warranty (expires Jan 2013). The boat has been maintained in show-room condition. Rig, sails and all deck gear were checked and adjusted before the trans-atlantic crossing. The antifouling was renewed (2 coats Sea Hawk Islands 44) in April 2012.
The boat is in near perfect condition. She has had no accidents apart from a few scrapes of the gel coat on the top-sides. The only major crossing (3 months at sea) saw a charging solenoid burn out and a leaking depth-sounder transducer as a result of hitting a log at night. These have been replaced. No other repairs or major maintenance work was needed in 18 months.
COSMOLEDO is conveniently located in Ft. Lauderdale. Please contact Alexis to arrange a showing.
|Fort Lauderdale
Disclaimer: The Multihull Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.
These are stand up people, who make a stand up product. I would buy from them again in a heartbeat.
~ Jay Clark, Dolphin 460
"Sugar Shack"
I just wanted you to know that your level of service and the high degree of customer satisfaction have made owning my Dolphin a great experience.
~ Daniel Zlotnick, Dolphin
"Sugar Shack"