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Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61
|Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
|Church cantata by J. S. Bach
|First Sunday in Advent
|2 December 1714Weimar:
|Cantata text
|Erdmann Neumeister
|Bible text
|Revelation 3:20
Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland (Now come, Savior of the heathens),[1] BWV 61,[a] is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Weimar for the first Sunday in Advent, the Sunday which begins the liturgical year, and first performed it on 2 December 1714.
The cantata text was provided by Erdmann Neumeister, who quoted the Book of Revelation and framed his work by two hymn stanzas, the beginning of Martin Luther's "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland", the main hymn for Advent with a melody based on Medieval chant, and the end from Philipp Nicolai's "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern". The librettist quoted developed his thoughts like a sermon. Bach structured the cantata in six movements, beginning with a chorale fantasia, followed by a series of alternating recitatives and arias, and concluded by a four-part chorale. He scored it for three vocal soloists (soprano, tenor and bass), strings and continuo. Bach led the first performance on 2 December 1714. As Thomaskantor, director of music of the main churches of Leipzig, he performed the cantata again on 28 November 1723.
History and words[edit]
On 2 March 1714 Bach was appointed concertmaster of the Weimar court capelle of the co-reigning dukes Wilhelm Ernst and Ernst August of Saxe-Weimar. As concertmaster, he assumed the principal responsibility for composing new works, specifically cantatas for the Schlosskirche (palace church), on a monthly schedule.[2]
The exact chronological order of Bach's Weimar cantatas remains uncertain. Only four bear autograph dates. BWV 61 is dated 1714 and bears the liturgical designation "am ersten Advent",[3] the First Sunday of Advent.[4] The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Romans, "now is our salvation nearer" (Romans 13:11–14), and from the Gospel of Matthew, the Entry into Jerusalem (Matthew 21:1–9).
The cantata text was provided by Erdmann Neumeister, published in Geistliche Poesien in Frankfurt in 1714.[5] He began and ended his work with a hymn stanza. "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" is the main hymn for Advent, which Martin Luther had derived from the Latin Veni redemptor gentium. Its melody is based on Medieval chant and supplies a "dark, imposing character".[4] For the conclusion, Neumeister chose the second part, the Abgesang, of the seventh and final stanza of Philipp Nicolai's "Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern".[3][5] The librettist quoted the Book of Revelation in the fourth movement: "Siehe, ich stehe vor der Tür und klopfe an. So jemand meine Stimme hören wird und die Tür auftun, zu dem werde ich eingehen und das Abendmahl mit ihm halten und er mit mir." – "Behold, I stand at the door and knock. Anyone that hears My voice and opens the door, to him I will enter and keep the evening meal with him and he with me." (Revelation 3:20). The poet combined the ideas of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem and his promise to return with an invitation to enter the heart of the individual Christian. He developed his thoughts like a sermon, as the Bach scholar Alfred Dürr notes: mentioning that the arrival of Jesus brings blessing every day (movement 2), a prayer that Jesus may come to his congregation (movement 2), and in response to his statement of being at the door (movement 4) the opening of the heart of the individual Christian who knows about his sinfulness (movement 5).[3] Bach had set one text by Neumeister before, possibly by 1713, in his cantata Gleichwie der Regen und Schnee vom Himmel fällt, BWV 18.[citation needed]
Because of Bach's liturgical designation, the performance can be precisely dated to 2 December 1714. As Thomaskantor, director of music of the main churches of Leipzig, Bach performed the cantata again on 28 November 1723, beginning the first liturgical year in the new position.[6] Bach paid attention to the exceptional occasion at beginning of the liturgical year, also when he composed later the chorale cantata Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 62 (1724), and Schwingt freudig euch empor, BWV 36 (1731), which are all inspired by Luther's hymn. Bach also began his Orgelbüchlein by a setting of the same tune.[7] In Leipzig, the first Sunday in Advent was the last chance to hear cantata music before Christmas, because tempus clausum was observed during Advent.[4]
Scoring and structure[edit]
Bach structured the cantata in six movements, beginning with chorale fantasia, followed by a series of alternating recitatives and arias and concluded by a chorale.[3] He scored it for three vocal soloists (soprano (S), tenor (T) and bass (B)), violins (Vl), two violas (Va), and basso continuo (Bc), including cello (Vc) and bassoon (Fg).[8] The autograph score is titled: "Dominica 1. Adventus Xsti. / Nun komm der Heyden Heyland. / â . / due Violini / due Viole / Violoncello / è & / Fagotto. / Sopr: Alto. Tenore è Baßo / Col' / Organo. / da / Joh Sebast Bach / anno. / 1714".[9] The duration is given as 18 minutes.[6] According to the Bach scholar Christoph Wolff, the use of two viola parts is French style.[5] Dürr notes that perhaps the strings were doubled by oboes, at least in the Leipzig performance, in a practise that was "not always marked in the score".[3]
In the following table of the movements, the scoring, keys and time signatures are taken from Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4).[3][8] The continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.
|Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
|Chorale fantasia
|2Vl 2Va Vc Fg
|A minor
|Der Heiland ist gekommen
|C major
|Komm, Jesu, komm zu deiner Kirche
|2Vl 2Va (unis.)
|C major
|Siehe, ich stehe vor der Tür
|2Vl 2Va
|Öffne dich, mein ganzes Herze
|G major
|Amen, Amen, komm du schöne Freudenkrone
|2Vl 2Va Fg
|G major
The first Sunday of Advent begins the liturgical year. Bach marked it by creating the opening chorus, "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Now come, Saviour of the Gentiles),[3] as a chorale fantasia in the style of a French overture, which follows the sequence slow – fast (fugue) – slow.[4][10] In a French opera performance, the King of France would have entered during the overture; Bach greets a different king. Two of the four lines of the chorale melody[11] are combined in the first slow section, line three is treated in the fast section, and line four in the final slow section. The melody of line 1 is first presented in the continuo, then sung by all four voices one after another, accompanied by a solemn dotted rhythm in the orchestra. Line 2 is sung by all voices together, accompanied by the orchestra.[3] Line 3 is a fast fugato, with the instruments playing colla parte,[3] marked "gai".[4] Line 4 is set as line 2.[3] Wolff notes that Bach possibly followed the model of an opera by Agostino Steffani, Henrico Leone, which uses a chorus in a French overture.[5]
The recitative for tenor, "Der Heiland ist gekommen" (The Saviour has come),[3] begins secco but continues as an arioso, with tenor and continuo imitating one another. This more lyrical style of recitative derives from early Italian operas and cantatas, where it was known as mezz'aria – half aria.[12]
The tenor aria, "Komm, Jesu, komm zu deiner Kirche" (Come, Jesus, come to Your Church),[3] is accompanied by the violins and violas in unison. It is written in the rhythm of a gigue, and the combination of voice, unison strings and continuo gives it the texture of a trio sonata. Dürr comments that the use of the unison string ritornello, played even during the vocal passages, provides a "rather pointedly strict and unified character".[3] The musicologist Richard Taruskin comments: "This hybridization of operatic and instrumental styles is ... standard operating procedure in Bach's cantatas."[12]
The quote from Revelation, "Siehe, ich stehe vor der Tür und klopfe an" (See, I stand before the door and knock),[3] is given as a recitative to the bass as the vox Christi (voice of Christ). The knocking on the door is expressed by pizzicato chords in the strings.[3] Dürr notes: "The most expressive text-engendered declamation is here ingeniously melted down into a structure only ten bars long but of compelling musical logic."[3] John Eliot Gardiner, who conducted the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage in 2000, compares it to an Emmaus scene in Bach's later cantata Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6, the "post-Resurrection appearance to the disciples" in Halt im Gedächtnis Jesum Christ, BWV 67, even to "the entry of the Commendatore in Mozart's opera Don Giovanni.[4] Bach would later frequently use the bass as the voice of Christ, in his St Matthew Passion even with a similar string accompaniment.[4]
The response to the invitation is the individual prayer of the soprano, "Öffne dich, mein ganzes Herze" (Open, my whole heart).[3] It is accompanied only by the continuo, with an adagio middle section.[3]
In the closing chorale, "Amen, amen! Komm, du schöne Freudenkrone" (Amen, amen! Come, you fair crown of joy),[3] Bach sets the Abgesang only of the final stanza of Nicolai's hymn. The musicologist Julian Mincham offers the thought: "Conceivably the most convincing explanation lies, as it so often does, within the text– ... do not delay, I await You longingly. The hymn tune itself, through its very abbreviation implies a sense of urgency and the feeling of being unable to defer any longer." In Bach's setting, the violin adds a jubilant fifth part to the four vocal parts.[3] The violin has to "climb three octaves to convey the extent of the soul's longing for the joys of a future life and the prospect of Jesus returning at the end of time".[4]
Selected recordings[edit]
The listing is taken from the selection on the Bach-Cantatas website.[13] Choirs and ensembles are roughly marked as large by red background. Green background indicates performances with one voice per part (OVPP) for the vocal column, instrumental groups playing period instruments in historically informed performances in the instrumental column Instr..
|Conductor / Choir / Orchestra
|Choir type
|J. S. Bach Collector's Series
|Kahlhöfer, HelmutHelmut Kahlhöfer Kantorei Barmen-Gemarke Deutsche Bachsolisten
|Bach Recordings
|Bach Cantatas Vol. 1 – Advent and Christmas
|Richter, KarlKarl Richter Münchener Bach-Chor Münchener Bach-Orchester
|Archiv Produktion
|Die Bach Kantate Vol. 16
|Rilling, HelmuthHelmuth Rilling Gächinger Kantorei Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
|Bach Made in Germany Vol. 4 – Cantatas VIII
|Rotzsch, Hans-JoachimHans-Joachim Rotzsch Thomanerchor Neues Bachisches Collegium Musicum
|J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 2
|Koopman, TonTon Koopman Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
|Antoine Marchand
|J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 7 – BWV 61, 63, 132, 172
|Suzuki, MasaakiMasaaki Suzuki Bach Collegium Japan
|Bach Edition Vol. 4 – Cantatas Vol. 1
|Leusink, Pieter JanPieter Jan Leusink Holland Boys Choir Netherlands Bach Collegium
|Brilliant Classics
|Bach Cantatas Vol. 13: Köln/Lüneburg / For the 1st Sunday in Advent / For the 4th Sunday in Advent
|Gardiner, John EliotJohn Eliot Gardiner Monteverdi Choir English Baroque Soloists
|Soli Deo Gloria
|J. S. Bach: Cantatas
|Harnoncourt, NikolausNikolaus Harnoncourt Arnold Schoenberg Chor Concentus Musicus Wien
|Deutsche Harmonia Mundi
|Bach: Cantates pour la Nativité, Intégrale des cantates sacrées Vol. 4
|Milnes, EricEric Milnes Montréal Baroque
|ATMA Classique
|J. S. Bach: Cantatas for the Complete Liturgical Year Vol. 9
|Kuijken, SigiswaldSigiswald Kuijken La Petite Bande
- ^ "BWV" is Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.
- ^ Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 61 – Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^ Koster, Jan. "Weimar 1708–1717". let.rug.nl. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Dürr, Alfred (2006). The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 23, 75–77. ISBN 0-19-929776-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gardiner, John Eliot (2009). "Cantatas for the First Sunday in Advent St. Maria im Kapitol, Cologne" (PDF). bach-cantatas.com. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ a b c d Wolff, Christoph (1995). Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61 (PDF). p. 10. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ a b Dürr, Alfred (1981). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (in German). 1 (4 ed.). Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. pp. 95–97. ISBN 3-423-04080-7.
- ^ Isoyama, Tadashi (1998). "BWV 61: Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland / (Now Come, Saviour of the Heathen)" (PDF). bach-cantatas.com. pp. 4–6. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ a b Bischof, Walter F. "BWV 61 Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland". University of Alberta. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
- ^ Grob, Jochen (2014). "BWV 61 / BC A 1" (in German). s-line.de. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 29 BWV 61 Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
- ^ Braatz, Thomas; Oron, Aryeh (28 May 2006). "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland". bach-cantatas.com. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- ^ a b Taruskin, Richard (2010). Music in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Oxford History of Western Music. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 348–353. ISBN 978-0-19-538482-6.
- ^ Oron, Aryeh. "Cantata BWV 61 Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland". Bach-Cantatas. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
- Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland BWV 61; BC A 1 / Sacred cantata (1st Sunday of Advent) Leipzig University
- BWV 61 Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland: English translation, University of Vermont
External links[edit]
- Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61: performance by the Netherlands Bach Society (video and background information)


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Raise A Glass To NYS Beer At The NY Craft Brewers Festival
The F.X. Matt Brewery will host the 3rd annual New York State Craft Brewers Festival to celebrate the growth of the state's craft brewing industry.
The F.X. Matt Brewery will host the 3rd annual New York State Craft Brewers Festival to celebrate the growth of the state's craft brewing industry.
For the third year in a row, the Genesee Brewery in Rochester has lit up their Keg Tree!
It's not Christmas without Schultz and Dooley. This year the Saranac F.X. Matt Brewery is proud to welcome a new stein to the family of classic steins.
The Great New York State Fair is underway in Syracuse, and that's just one of the many fun things happening this weekend in Central New York.
National Hydration Day reminds us to replace fluids lost in the heat of battle. Here are some events that you can hydrate at or hydrate after...
The Utica area is buzzing about the F.X. Matt Brewery's new Utica Club sign. On Monday the sign began its trip to the brewery from Serianni Signs, and today begins the assembly of the sign. We talked with Owner Paul Serianni about the process of making the sign and some of its new features.
Breaking news from the F.X. Matt Brewery in Utica - last week's terrifying announcement that there will be a shortage of Utica Club has been cancelled!
If you've ever had the classic cocktail, The Moscow Mule, than you know exactly what's in it and how it is supposed to be served. Saranac has brilliantly taken the idea behind this popular mixed drink and produced a brand new hard soda just in time for Summer. It's called 'Mule Kicker' and it's the perfect cocktail in a can.
Grace Potter is coming back to Central New York. She's joining this year's Saranac Jams line-up.
You can be one of the first people to try the brand new 'Brewer's Blood' at The F.X. Matt Brewery on Friday, April 22nd, 2016. The newly released brew is part of the Saranac Inner Circle Series.


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The 6 were 6 individuals who came to be in Yodaville (mk2). The consisted of Tom, lewis, dan, jonty, Luke and Alex.
After arrival, the 6 children (under the care of several locals), began to create Yodaville, and turn it into a town.
Rogue elements
However, all was not well. Disagreements befowled the 6 and there was a schism. Lewis, Dan and Tom split to form Blue Faction, whilst Jonty, Luke and Alex formed the Yodasists.
Blue Faction would take Downtown, The Beach District and The Mainland, whilst the Yodasists took The Lowlands and The Hill District.


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January 14th, 2006
Dr Petra
Yesterday I was talking about a survey that suggested people were in favour of access to sexual health services and education for young people.
Which is just as well because other news just out suggests that in spite of government pledges to improve sexual health and provide additional resources, primary care trusts (PCTs) in the UK seem to be planning to use this extra funding for sexual health to balance deficits in other areas.
This disturbing news was revealed in a report by Brook, MedFash, Family Planning Clinic, National AIDS Trust and Terrence Higgins Trust.
This is at a time when our sexual health problems continue to spiral out of control with increased sexually transmitted infection rates, overstretched sexual health services, and a lack of comprehensive sex education.
Leading health experts have expressed their concern about the report, which you can access here.
The chair of the British Medical Association said: "At a time when many areas of the health service are showing signs of improvement, it is appalling that sexual health services are actually getting worse, despite clinicians' best efforts to deal with patient demand….The rates of sexually transmitted infections in England are soaring and patients can wait up to six weeks for an appointment. The government target is 48 hours.
Primary care trusts need to get their act together and make plans to increase sexual health services in their areas. The government has provided PCTs with funds to improve sexual health and I call on ministers to hold PCTs to account and deliver on this public priority."
Although I think these charities are right to reveal this problem, the responses to the report imply that those working in PCTs aren't helping. In fact large numbers of highly dedicated staff are providing sexual health support in clinics, outreach work, specialist services, and education. They're fully aware of their overstretched services and pressures upon them – but are nevertheless trying hard to provide quality care for the public.
We can all do our bit to help overburdened sexual health services by ensuring we practice safer sex, use a condom and if we suspect we have an STI get it checked out straight away.
For those of you living in the UK, you can petition your PCT to ensure funds earmarked to improve our struggling sexual health services reach their much-needed destination. And if you're a journalist working on regional newspapers, television or radio you can question and monitor your PCTs spending on sexual health services. Click here to find your PCT.Tweet
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Excellent location, friendly employees. Room was clean but a little noisy as we could hear the TV in the room next to ours. Breakfast was very good. Restaurant seemed very popular but we couldn't get a table.
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"Try to get one with a mountain view. Sunset will be almost too beautiful for words."
"Rooms on west side (opposite main street) are quieter and have better views of mountains on upper floors."