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Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips
- Lorraine Evans
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1 Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips Gustavo Giménez (1), Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo (2), Djeimi Janisch (2) and Rodrigo Godoi (2) (1) Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Las Brujas, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, Canelones, Uruguay. E mail: (2) Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Campus Camobi, CEP Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E mail: Abstract The objective of this work was to test a closed soilless growing system for producing bare root transplants and runner tips of two strawberry clones, using two categories of substrates. The system used corrugated roofing panels of fiber cement, over which a substrate layer was used as a growing bed. The nutrient solution was pumped from a reservoir toward the upper end of the roofing panels and drained back to a reservoir. Plant growth and development were determined for two advanced strawberry clones, grown in sand or in Plantmax organic substrate. Growth of the stock plants and the number and dry mass of bare root transplants were similar in the substrates, but bare roots differed in their crown diameters by substrate. For number of runner tips, no significant differences were found in total, small, and medium categories in the substrates. A mean production of about 590 runner tips per square meter and 145 bare root transplants per square meter was obtained. For both clones, a large number of bare root transplants and runner tips of adequate size were produced in the closed soilless growing system using sand or organic substrate. Index terms: Fragaria ananassa, growth and development, inert substrate, nursery, organic substrate, plant propagation. Sistema fechado de cultivo sem solo para produção de mudas de raízes nuas e de pontas de estolões de morangueiro Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar um sistema fechado de cultivo sem solo, para a produção de mudas e pontas de estolões de dois clones de morangueiro, com uso de duas categorias de substrato. O sistema foi constituído por um leito de cultivo formado por telhas de fibrocimento, com uma camada de substrato como leito de cultivo. A solução nutritiva foi bombeada de um reservatório até a extremidade mais alta da telha e drenada de volta ao reservatório. Foram determinados o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de dois clones avançados de morangueiro, plantados na areia e no substrato orgânico Plantmax. O crescimento das plantas matrizes foi similar nos dois substratos. O número e a massa de matéria seca das mudas de raízes nuas foram semelhantes nos dois substratos, mas diferiram nos diâmetros de coroa. Quanto ao número de pontas de estolões, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas categorias pequena e média e no total, em ambos os substratos. Foram obtidas produções médias de 590 pontas de estolão por metro quadrado e 145 mudas de raízes nuas por metro quadrado. A produção de um alto número de mudas com raízes nuas e de pontas de estolão de morangueiro, com tamanho e peso adequados, pode ser realizada no sistema fechado sem solo, com uso de substratos inertes ou orgânicos. Termos para indexação: Fragaria ananassa, crescimento e desenvolvimento, substrato inerte, viveiro, substrato orgânico, propagação de plantas. Introduction For strawberry propagation, disease free plantlets are obtained in vitro and, after an acclimatizing period, stock plants are grown in nurseries for further production of transplants (Santos & Medeiros, 2003). Strawberry plants for commercial fruit production have been grown in soils fumigated with methyl bromide. Methyl bromide has been banned due to its risk to the environment. Therefore, new propagation methods are needed to produce strawberry transplants with high physiological and sanitary quality. Strawberry transplants may be bare root or plugs. Bare root transplants are obtained from runners rooted in the soil, while plug transplants are rooted in containers or trays filled with substrate. Plugs have the root system embodied by the substrate and have advantages in relation to crop stand, earliness, and disease and pest management. Plug production
2 1758 G. Giménez et al. in media is being adopted in USA and Europe as an alternative to the use of methyl bromide (Bish et al., 2002; Durner et al., 2002; Lieten et al., 2004; Takeda et al., 2004; Hochmuth et al., 2006b). For production of plug transplants, only runner tips grown in a short summer time period are used. In USA, certified stock plants are grown in spring in fumigated open field nurseries. In Europe, planting is done in plastic bags filled with peat and placed on raised beds mulched with a white polyethylene film. In both cases, runners spread out horizontally, and tips are harvested and planted in trays for rooting (Durner et al., 2002). Soilless suspended systems have been also developed to produce runner tips inside greenhouses (Bish et al., 2001; Takeda et al., 2004). These systems consist of elevated gutters with inert substrates and drip fertigation (Bish et al., 2001) or of the nutrient film technique (NFT) in gullies (Takeda et al., 2004). In Brazil, only bare root transplants are grown in field without soil fumigation. As a consequence, transplant physiological and sanitary quality is low. The Brazilian strawberry industry depends on transplants imported from Argentina and Chile (Santos & Medeiros, 2003). Soilless growing systems are an alternative to avoid the use of fumigants in the production of strawberry transplants (Hennion & Veschambre, 1997; Bish et al., 2001; Lieten et al., 2004). In Brazil, open soilless growing systems have been tested, but results have been inconsistent (Bueno, 2006; Oliveira et al., 2007). Closed nutrient cycling systems are preferable to open ones, in order to reduce production costs and avoid environmental pollution due to nutrient solution drainage and loss. The use of substrates is recommended for better root aeration, especially under high air temperatures (Andriolo, 2006), and for reducing pump wear (Giménez, 2007). The choice of the substrate should be based on physical characteristics as well as availability, cost, and lifespan (Hennion & Veschambre, 1997; Lieten et al., 2004; Giménez et al., 2008). A closed soilless growing system using sand or organic substrate for producing potato minitubers was reported (Andriolo, 2006). Reports on the production of strawberry transplants on substrate with a closed nutrient system were not found in the literature. The objective of this work was to determine the number and size of bare root transplants and runner tips of two strawberry clones grown in a closed soilless growing system, using two substrates. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out in a screen house covered with a 120 µm polyethylene film, at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria county, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, from October 15 th, 2005, to March 15 th, The soilless system used corrugated roofing panels of fiber cement (Brasilit, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) at 1% slope, to support a m thick substrate growing bed, 0.80 m height above the ground. Dimensions of the panels were 3.5 m long and 1.10 m wide, with corrugates 0.06 m deep and spaced 0.18 m apart. A nutrient solution reservoir was located under the lower extreme of the panel. The panel corrugates were covered with a 100 µm polyethylene sheet. The corrugates were then filled with m diameter gravel and covered with a m polyethylene screen to hold the substrate on the bed. The nutrient solution was supplied to the growing bed by subirrigation. A timer controlled 520 L h 1 submerse pump (8W, model S520, Sarlo Better Equipamentos, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil) was used to circulate the nutrient solution from the reservoir to the upper end of the panel (Giménez, 2007). Two substrates and two strawberry clones were evaluated in a completely randomized split plot design, with five replications, with substrates as main plots and clones as subplots. Each sub-plot consisted of a panel of the soilless system with 3.85 m 2 and three stock plants. The advanced strawberry breeding clones LBD 15.1 and LBG 168.1, from the Strawberry Breeding Program of UFSM, were used. The substrates used were sand and a commercial organic substrate made with forest residues (Plantmax HA, Eucatex, Paulínia, SP, Brazil). Physical characteristics of sand were m size particles, 1.6 kg dm 3 bulk density and L dm 3 maximum water retention capacity. For Plantmax HA, bulk density was kg dm 3, and maximum water retention capacity 0,466 L dm 3. Chemical analysis of Plantmax HA substrate, made at the UFSM Soil Laboratory according to Tedesco et al. (1995), showed 600 mg dm 3 K, 76 mg dm 3 P, mg dm 3 S, 14.3 cmol c dm 3 Ca, 5.6 Mg cmol c dm 3, 16.6% organic matter, and ph 5.1 The nutrient solution described by Hennion & Veschambre (1997) was used. It contained 12 mmol L 1 NO 3, 2 mmol L 1 NH 4 +, 6.2 mmol L 1 K +, 2.2 mmol L 1
3 Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry 1759 H 2 PO 4, 2 mmol L 1 SO 4 2-, 1 mmol L 1 Mg 2+, 3 mmol L 1 Ca 2+, 0.03 mg L 1 Mo, 0.26 mg L 1 B, 0.06 mg L 1 Cu, 0.50 mg L 1 Mn, 0.22 mg L 1 Zn and 4 mg L 1 chelated Fe. The electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution was kept between 1.4 and 1.5 ds m 1 by adding either water or new amounts of nutrient solution, as necessary. The ph was kept between 5.5 and 6.5 by adding 1N H 3 PO 4 or KOH solutions, every time a 0.2 unit deviation was recorded, based upon a titration curve. No nutrient solution disposal occurred during the course of the experiment. The volume of nutrient solution delivered daily to plants was estimated from the water retention capacity of the substrate and the potential crop evapotranspiration (ET), with a drainage coefficient of 30%. The ET was estimated and leaf area was obtained from data of horticultural crops locally grown in a similar environmental condition (Dalmago et al., 2006). The ET was further multiplied by the crop leaf area, estimated weekly from the growth pattern of the strawberry crop. With these estimations, the nutrient solution was delivered to plants during 15 min, four times a day, in the Plantmax HA substrate, and six times a day, in the sand. Strawberry stock plants were obtained from the Biotechnology Laboratory of UFSM and acclimated in a greenhouse. Planting was on October 15 th, 2005, in the center of the bed, at a density of 1 stock plant per square meter. The experiment was ended 150 days later, when bare root transplants and runner tips were harvested. The final size of the stock plants was determined by dry mass of roots, crown, petioles and leaves. In the case of bare root transplants, number, total dry mass and crown diameter in 10 plants randomly sampled were measured. Dry mass was recorded after drying the plants in a forced air oven at 60 C until constant weight was reached. Runner tips were collected in a one time harvest, counted and classified in three categories, according to the number of leaves and crown diameter (CD): small, with 2 3 leaves and 2 to 2.9 mm of CD; medium, with 3 4 leaves and 3 to 4.5 mm of CD; and large, with 4 6 leaves and 4.6 to 6 mm of CD. Small runner tips, without signs of adventitious roots or too large with roots bigger than 1 cm, were discarded (Durner et al., 2002). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey s test, at 5% probability. For number of bare root transplants and runner tips, the data were transformed using the expression (x ) 0.5 prior to performing the analysis of variance and Tukey s test. Results and Discussion No significant interactions were found between substrates and clones. Growth of stock plants was similar among treatments. Mean values were 15.4 g per plant, for total dry mass, and 11.7 mm for crown diameter. The relative fraction of total dry mass allocated in roots, crown, petioles and leaves was 0.10, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.42, respectively. Means of bare root transplants differed between substrates only in the crown diameter that were thicker for those grown in sand (Table 1). The values of crown diameter in both substrates were in the acceptable range reported in the literature (Hochmuth et al., 2001, 2006a, 2006b; Durner et al., 2002). Between clones, differences were in number, dry mass and crown diameter. Higher number of bare root transplants was produced by the clone LBD 15.1, while higher total dry mass and crown diameter were observed in the clone LBG The crown of the strawberry plant acts as a storage compartment (Hennion & Veschambre, 1997). In the propagation phase, growth of young runners depends on assimilates from the stock plant. Thus, a competition might take place among runners of the stock plant and also between the crown of the stock plant and runners. Increasing the number of runners will increase the number of transplants per stock plant, but its crown diameter might be lower. These relations might have occurred here, since the total dry weight and crown diameter were smaller in the genotype LBD 15.1, which produced a higher number of transplants (Table 1). Means of runner tips differed between substrates only in the large category (Table 2). The fractions of small, medium and large were 0.40, 0.40 and 0.20 in the sand and 0.33, 0.39 and 0.28 in the Plantmax HA, respectively. Between clones, runner tip numbers were Table 1. Bare root strawberry transplant number, dry mass per transplant, and crown diameter grown in a closed soilless system with two substrates and two clones (1). Treatment Total number per stock plant Dry mass by transplant (g) Crown diameter (mm) Substrates Sand 140a 4.73a 12.00a Plantmax HA 150a 5.02a 10.32b CV (%) Clones LBD a 3.99b 9.95b LBG b 5.74a 12.37a CV (%) (1) Means followed by the same letters, in the column, do not differ by Tukey s test at 5% of probability.
4 1760 G. Giménez et al. higher in LBD 15.1 for all categories. The production of runner tips is genetically determined and is related to the propagation ability of a cultivar (Guttridge, 1985), conditioning of the mother stock plant, and environmental conditions for vegetative reproduction. Runner tip production is used as a criterion to select cultivars in strawberry breeding programs. Present results showed that the substrate difference was of minor importance in the production of runner tips. Runner tips are classified into categories because their initial size may affect the final crown diameter of the plug transplant. Crown diameter influences crop characteristics such as yield, early flowering and fruit production. Results from the literature suggested that runner tips heavier than 1 g (Takeda & Hokanson, 2003; Takeda et al., 2004; Takeda & Newell, 2006) or plug transplants with a minimum crown diameter of 8 mm (Hochmuth et al., 2006a, 2006b) are needed for high crop fruit productivity. In this research, runner tips were not weighted, but very small ones were discarded. Those used for rooting produced plug transplants with an average crown diameter of 9 mm. A mean yield of about 600 runner tips per square meter was obtained (Table 2). This number was within the range obtained by Hokanson et al. (2004) and Takeda et al. (2004) and it was lower than that of Bish et al. (2001), who used stock plants of commercial cultivars grown in suspended gutters. However, the latter authors used 32 stock plants per square meter. In the present experiment only 1 stock plant per square meter was used, which is an economic advantage because of the price of stock plants produced in vitro. Table 2. Total number and number in each size category of strawberry runner tips grown in a closed soilless system with two substrates and two clones (1). Treatment Total number of runner tips per Number of runner tips per stock plant (2) stock plant Small Medium Large Substrates Sand 575a 225a 230a 120b Plantmax HA 635a 208a 247a 180a CV (%) Clones LBD a 276a 246a 159a LBG b 147b 218b 133b CV (%) (1) Means followed by the same letters, in the column, do not differ by Tukey s test at 5% of probability. (2) Small, medium, and large crown diameters for each corresponding size of plant based on the number of leaves: mm for plants with 2 to 3 leaves; mm for plants with 3 to 4 leaves; and 6 7 mm for plants with 4 to 6 leaves, respectively. Conclusions 1. A high number of bare root transplants and runner tips of both clones with adequate size were produced in the closed soilless growing system using sand or organic substrate. 2. Substrate was of minor importance in the production of runner tips, but it may affect the crown diameter of bare root transplants. Acknowledgement To Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico for grant. References ANDRIOLO, J.L. Sistema hidropônico fechado com subirrigação para produção de minitubérculos de batata. In: SIMPÓSIO DE MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO E PREVISÃO DE EPIFITIAS EM BATATA, 2006, Santa Maria, RS. Anais... Santa Maria: UFSM, p BISH, E.B.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.; CHANDLER, C.K. A system for producing large quantities of greenhouse grown strawberry plantlets for plug production. HortTechnology, v.11, p , BISH, E.B.; CANTLIFFE, D.J.; CHANDLER, C.K. Temperature conditioning and container size affect early season fruit yield of strawberry plug plants in a winter, annual hill production system. HortScience, v.37, p , BUENO, S.C.S. Produção de mudas em ambiente protegido. In: SIMPÓSIO NACIONAL DE MORANGO, 3.; ENCONTRO SOBRE PEQUENAS FRUTAS E FRUTAS NATIVAS DO MERCOSUL, 2., 2006, Pelotas. Palestras... Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado, p (Embrapa Clima Temperado. Documentos, 171). DALmago, g.a.; HELDWEIN, A.B.; NIED, A.H.; GRIMM, E.L.; PIVETTA, C.R. Evapotranspiração máxima da cultura do pimentão em estufa plástica em função da radiação solar, da temperatura, da umidade do ar e do deficit de saturação do ar. Ciência Rural, v.36, p , DURNER, E.F.; POLING, E.B.; MAAS, J.L. Recent advances in strawberry plug transplant technology. HortTechnology, v.12, p , GIMÉNEZ, G. Produção de mudas de morangueiro em hidroponia. In: SEMINÁRIO SOBRE O CULTIVO HIDROPÔNICO DE MORANGUEIRO, 2007, Santa Maria, RS. Anais... Santa Maria: UFSM, p GIMÉNEZ, G.; ANDRIOLO, J.; GODOI, R. Cultivo sem solo do morangueiro. Ciência Rural, v.38, p , GUTTRIDGE, C.G. Fragaria x ananassa. In: HALEY, A.H. (Ed.). CRC handbook of flowering, p HENNION, B.; VESCHAMBRE, D. La fraise: maîtrise de la production. Paris: CTIFL, p.
5 Closed soilless growing system for producing strawberry 1761 HOCHMUTH, G.; CANTLIFFE, D.; CHANDLER, C.; STANLEY, C.; BISH, E.; WALDO, E.; LEGARD, D.; DUVAL, J. Containerized strawberry transplants reduce establishment-period, water use and enhance early growth and flowering compared with bare root plants. HortTechnology, v.16, p.46 54, 2006a. HOCHMUTH, G.; CANTLIFFE, D.; CHANDLER, C.; STANLEY, C.; BISH, E.; WALDO, E.; LEGARD, D.; DUVAL, J. Fruiting responses and economics of containerized and bare root strawberry transplants established with different irrigation methods. HortTechnology, v.16, p , 2006b. HOCHMUTH, G.; CHANDLER, C.; STANLEY, C.; LEGARD, D.; DUVAL, J.; WALDO, E.; CANTLIFFE, D.; BISH, E. Containerized transplants for establishing strawberry crops in Florida. HortScience, v.37, p.443, HOKANSON, S.C.; TAKEDA, F.; ENNS, J.M.; BLACK, B.L. Influence of plant storage duration on strawberry runner tip viability and field performance. HortScience, v.39, p , LIETEN, F.; LONGUESSERRE, J.; BARUZZI, G.; LOPEZ- MEDINA, J.; NAVATEL, J.C.; KRUEGER, E.; MATALA, V.; PAROUSSI, G. Recent situation of strawberry substrate culture in Europe. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, n.649, p , OLIVEIRA, R.P.; BRAHM, R.; SCIVITTARO, W. Produção de mudas de morangueiro em casa de vegetação utilizando recipientes suspensos. Horticultura Brasileira, v.25, p , SANTOS, A.M.; MEDEIROS, A.R.M. (Ed.). Morango: produção. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2003a. 81p. (Frutas do Brasil, 40). TAKEDA, F.; HOKANSON, S.C. Strawberry fruit and plug plant production in the greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae, n.626, p , TAKEDA, F.; HOKANSON, S.C.; ENNS, J.M. Influence of daughter plant weight and position on strawberry transplant production and field performance in annual plasticulture. HortScience, v.39, p , TAKEDA, F.; NEWELL, M. A method to increasing fall flowering in short day Carmine strawberry. HortScience, v.41, p , TEDESCO, M.J.; GIANELLO, C.; BISSANI, C.A.; BOHNEN, H.; VOLKWEISS, S.J. Análise de solo, plantas e outros materiais. Porto Alegre: UFRGS, p. Received on October 8, 2008 and accepted on November 28, 2008
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text:
Stores »
a hot dog? what a weird idea for a pendant. kind of funny.
wear this with the hot dog necklace and you'll look like a psycho.
We are a community of shoppers sharing our best finds from across the web.
© 2017 ThisNext, Inc. ThisNext is a member of BUZZMEDIA Entertainment, a division of BUZZMEDIA.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The above graph displays service status activity for Petfinder.com over the last 10 automatic checks. The blue bar displays the response time, which is better when smaller. If no bar is displayed for a specific time it means that the service was down and the site was offline.
Service Status History
|Ping Time
|Ping Time
|5.87 ms.
|4.98 ms.
|6.47 ms.
|5.36 ms.
|5.42 ms.
|5.92 ms.
|5.78 ms.
|6.03 ms.
|6.12 ms.
|5.22 ms.
* Times displayed are PT, Pacific Time (UTC/GMT 0) | Current server time is 02:42
We have tried pinging Petfinder website using our server and the website returned the above results. If petfinder.com is down for us too there is nothing you can do except waiting. Probably the server is overloaded, down or unreachable because of a network problem, outage or a website maintenance is in progress...
If the site is UP but you cant access the page, try one of the below solutions:
Browser Related Problems
Force a full refresh for the site. This can be achieved by pressing CTRL + F5 keys at the same time on your favourite browser (Firefox, Chrome, Explorer, etc.)
Clear the temporary cache and cookies on your browser to make sure that you have the most recent version of the web page. For instructions choose your browser :
Fix DNS Problems
A Domain Name System (DNS) allows a site IP address (192.168.x.x) to be identified with words (*.com) in order to be remembered more easily, like a phonebook for websites. This service is usually provided by your ISP.
Clear your local DNS cache to make sure that you grab the most recent cache that your ISP has. For Windows - (Start > Command Prompt > type "ipconfig /flushdns" and hit enter). For details choose your operating system :
If you can access a website at office or from a 3G network yet it's not working on your computer, it is a good idea to use an alternative DNS service other than your ISPs. OpenDNS or Google Public DNS are both excellent and free public DNS services.
Check our help page for step-by-step instructions on how to change your DNS.
I'm in Pittsburgh, PA and it says server not found.
I've been trying to get on to Petfinder for the past 15 minutes and it's giving a 404 error message. Ugh
Petfinder only showing half a page and not usually home page, can't get list of animals
Petfinder says no dogs are available, no matter what breed I enter.
I can get on website, but forget searching for a pet. Try to check for a pet and nothing downloads. Wheel turns "searching" and nothing appears.
My husband can search and download successfully on his iphone but I cant download any pets on petfinder. It just keeps searching. I am furious!!!
Petfinder.com has been "down" for at least 2 days now. Even though "isitdownrightnow.com" says it's most likely available for everyone except me, I highly doubt that, since it also states that response time is nearly 4 minutes. Considering I used to search Petfinder every day, in the Fall, with no problems or delays, I'm terribly disappointed in the site. Most of the shelters I look at use Petfinder to post their adoptable animals.
The search just keeps searching and downloads nothing.
Petfinder.com has been down for 2 days.
Oh, Petfinder. Sure, you're website is up but that is of little comfort when your search engine is down... again. This is why I am now searching for my next pet to adopt on CL. I would love to support a shelter or rescue, but I cannot wait for you to fix your search engine... again. I'm done trying.
I always fail in getting on the site. My mother can send me links and I can access the site thru her shared dog email from petfinder, but on my own its useless. Needless to say I havent found a dog yet. Been searching since thanksgiving with no luck on getting on the site.
Can't seem to pull up website says there is a problem with connection but I can go to other websites.
The Petfinder app keeps saying my search isn't broad enough when in fact I'm trying to search ALL dogs, any gender, any size in the South Jersey area. I also get an "Error! Could Not Load Data".
Sorry to say that the website that once revolutionized pet adoptions has deteriorated badly over the last year or so. Each upgrade only made it less user friendly IMO. And it does not appear that the purchase by Purina helped one bit. What a shame.
it says there arent any pets available
no animals available no matter location
Can't do any pet searches, seems there are no dogs or cats available for adoption in the entire country. This is happening way too often, getting a bit ridiculous.
Petfinder seems to be down for me, too. No dogs available. Glad to see it's not just my computer!
No results for any animal anywhere. Probably not a Christmas miracle.
The search result says there are no dogs available. I am guessing the site is down??
Would love to search for a particular breed of kitten but cannot get Petfinder to work once I enter my zip and breed! So frustrating... says I must have Javascript installed. I keep checking.. I have it installed! Tried Firefox, Explorer and surprise-surprise AOL's search actually WORKS for petfinder. Just slow and clunky as AOL can be but at least I can see a few kitties.
Can't access Petfinder.com/admin page. Just comes up blank
I can't get any dogs to appear; also my iPhone app is not working and has not for two days now.
Petfiner has just become a frustration. I am wanting to adopt a homeless dog, but the way this website (doesn't) works makes it almost impossible! It's sad because of all the effort and time so many folks put into tryng to get these animals seen and possibly making the connection to their forever homes. I hope, for the sake of the animals to be seen on this site, that the technical issues will be resolved ASAP!
Not getting any results for anything anywhere. Been like this for at least a month
Glad to know there are apparently no homeless dogs here.
The site does seem to be going downhill- the things that broke Oct.1 are still broken. Is it because of Purina buying the site? Sad- it has been a good thing for lots of animals.
I have been trying to use Petfinder of 3 weeks and when I put in terrier as a search it just says there are no terriers...
I have held off, somewhat, in expressing my displeasure with what is happening to Petfinder. It is a free service and has accounted for thousands of animals being adopted and for that I am most grateful. Unfortunately, it appears that a good thing has come to an end. Petfinder has now become a very unreliable source of getting our homeless pets advertised. Once a leader and respected website it is now a joke. Nestle Purina, owners of Petfinder, should be ashamed. Our County shelter (of which I take the photos and admin their Petfinder site) has 18 dogs listed. On the website available to the public it says 18 but shows 16...if and when you can get the second page to come up. The poor dog that is in slot number 15 will not show and the dog in the last slot of the second page (in this case the dog in slot 3) will not show. It would be nice if the folks at PF would at least come on line and give detailed information on how this is all being handled.
NEVER WORKS.. Not once!
Petfinder keeps showing a message that says: "The dogs are playing..." every time I try to bring up my fosters. You can see their photos, but can't open their listing. Only 3 photos of dogs appear, not the full number it says are available. I have had friends check and they cannot complete their pet searches either. This has been going on for over a week now. Passwords also do not work when we try to enter the admin site for updates or to add new pets. Essentially Petfinder is not functioning as it should. Any idea when this might get fixed or who to contact?
Wanted to adopt a dog and it says there are no dogs available. Unless I want to adopt a small dog... which I don't.
Petfinder has been down for over a week. Why aren't the Shelters who use this service and probably pay some sort of fee up in arms about this?
I've been trying to get on Petfinder for several days. Despite the fact that I always enter my location, I get a message that says, "oops, you forgot to enter your location, " and no pets ever show up. This happens on my home computer as well as my work computer.
I have tried accessing/updating our shelter pets for 4 days now. Site is still down. Hopefully this gets fixed soon. Our dogs want a home for the holidays! Come on guys, we're counting on you!
Hopeless, error after error, too sad the pets have to rely on this. Why doesn't some huge pet product manufacturer sponsor it and make a proper job of it!!
been trying to access site for the last 3 days and it doesn't work at all or it works for a bit then can't access profiles of pets
I have been trying for days and when I put in my zip code or location it tells me it can't be recognized. Is there a number to contact Petfinder? I can't find it on the site.
Petfinder has been down THIS TIME for 3 days. I have contacted petfinder but it seems that the lifes of animals is not a high priorty for them. God help the innocent lifes that are being killed due to a percieved lack of interest. The folks at Petfinder appear to be in the business of killing off shelter animals due to their lack of concern over thier ongoing system problems.
Tried to search yesterday and it kept asking for my location. Clicked on a previously found dog and get an error message. Same thing happens today.
"The Pets Are Busy Playing! We're doing a little site maintenance.
Don't worry, they'll all be back in a couple hours! They're anxious to find homes so please hang in there and check back for an update."
It's been way more than a couple of hours.
Edit: Tried again with a saved search and get a different error message:
"Sorry, our search is temporarily down. Please try your search again later or contact us if you continue to receive this message."
Clicking the "contact us" link does nothing.
Me too. Last week I was told they were no animals that met my criteria "Dog-Chicago" and today they don't know my location.
It's down
petfinders has been down for me, going on second day.
Hasn't been working properly all week. I'll put in my zip code to search for a dog which will bring up a few thousand results, but when I go to the next page it say "no results found". Click on a dog and I get the Oops, no longer listed message.
Not getting any results after trying a search.
been trying for 24 hours... ERROR
PetFinder is down once more
Petfinder.com has been down today and yesterday. It's so sad for these poor animals who are about to be euthanized and no one can help. I've been trying to adopt a dog since last weekend and I'm not getting any response ... and now the site is completely down.
Petfinders.com has been messed all day :( Poor animals on death row and we can't even see them to help. I even emailed their site this morning and no response and no improvements
petfinder.org is a mess, what a shame that they are no longer helping animals that so badly need homes. looks like the same software developers that built the obamacare sites are working on petfinder.org
I keep getting "Database Error, Error establishing a database connection"
worked fine until Monday May 21. Click on picture for details get loading spinner then message Internet Explorer has stopped working, checking for issues, Microsoft will advise if solution found. Same computer - explorer version etc.
Petfinder has not worked for me for 4 days. I click on a pet to view it's bio and the loading "wheel" pops up and just spins. My browser is I.E.9 and I've made no changes to settings. There were some usual auto updates done around Oct 8 or 9, 2013.
getting under maintenance error
Down for me the past couple of days
Down for me too. I get notices of my searches but get the "oops, nothing found" message.
down for me
Down for several days now. I checked my preferences and have made no changes to privacy or anything else. Location near Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Down for me
me too.
Seems petfinder is down for me as well :(
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text: Horizontal TabsDescription The Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop features an accomplished faculty to help energize your playing skills. Wednesday, July 26, 2017 to Saturday, July 29, 2017 Registration Fee: $425 *K-12 Educators: Earn 19 State of Michigan SCECH clock hours by attending this workshop. Register Here 2017 Guest Clinicians: Two-Time Grammy winner Laurence Juber and Grammy award winner Pat Donohue The Interlochen Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop, led by guitarist and instructor, Matthew Schroeder, features an accomplished faculty to help energize and grow in your playing skills. In this program, you will work closely with a small team of artistic faculty and known guest artists in workshops that cover the spectrum of fingerstyle guitar including composing and technique to performing and staying inspired. As a part of the workshop, participants will learn a one-of-a-kind guitar arrangement and will have the opportunity to perform in a small guitar ensemble. Intimate sessions led by the guests artists feature technique and tips to keep you inspired. Masterclasses given by guests artists will provide both participants and observers with an opportunity to learn from one another in a non-threatening environment. Enjoy meeting fellow guitar enthusiasts and gain feedback on your playing through supportive coaching. Experience intimate evening concerts featuring guest artists and socialize with your peers, faculty, and guest artists throughout the week or at an informal coffee house jam. Participants should have at least one year of serious study on the guitar, should know how to read tabs, and should possess an understanding of chord structure, triads and alternate tunings. Students must supply their own instrument. Register Here for the Fingerstyle Guitar Package Extend your experience and sign up for both Techniques in Fingerstyle Guitar and the Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop and receive a price break on your registration. Enjoy five days for only $485! Faculty Matthew Schroeder Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop Director and Faculty Guitar Instructor at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music and Video instructor on Hal Leonard's "Guitar Instructor" website Thomas Clippert Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop Faculty Guitar Faculty, Oakton Community College and the Chicago High School for the Arts Laurence Juber Guest Clinician, Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop, Interlochen College of Creative Arts Pat Donohue Guest Clinician, Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop, Interlochen College of Creative Arts Schedule Supplies Students must supply their own steel-string acoustic guitar, clip-on tuner and extra strings. Additional Optional supplies: capo, notebook.


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Antiglare layers for display devices feature a rough surface structure that scatters the incident light and thereby reduces the specular reflectivity of the screen. The same structure will, however, also diffuse part of the light from the phosphor layer, resulting in a degradation of image quality. The microstructure, light-scattering properties, and effects on image contrast and resolution of some relevant antiglare structures are examined. A model based on scalar diffraction theory that relates the various optical properties to the surface microstructure is presented.
© 1994 Optical Society of AmericaFull Article | PDF Article
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Appl. Opt. 41(19) 3847-3852 (2002)
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Appl. Opt. 40(13) 2159-2168 (2001)
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Appl. Opt. 39(16) 2719-2726 (2000)


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Thoughtbludgeon is a Star Wars: The Old Republic guild.
About the guild
The guild was initially founded in Star Wars Galaxies on the Wanderhome Server for the Imperial faction. After a couple of years of wreaking havoc in outposts and towns, and having fun, the guild and its members ventured out to other games afterwards (EQ, EQII, COH, COV, GW, WoW, and many others), but we never forgot the game that started it all. Six years after SWG, we are looking to get back to our roots with the upcoming release of SWTOR. We'd like you to come along for the ride again.
The majority of active guild members will be pre-ordering, and making a best attempt at getting into the beta (should there be one), and will be playing on launch day.
The guild requirements for SWTOR are:
· Alignment: Sith only. · Server type: PVP. · Server location: US Server. · Races and Classes: Accepting all races and classes. · Voice Chat: Ventrillo. · Language: English, preferably. · Age bracket: 18+ · Guild Website: Thought Bludgeon · Recruitment Forum: Thought Bludgeon Recruitment · Guild Contacts: Edgey (Guild Leader), Dvil, Zleeper, Hoyce.
What type of recruits are we looking for?
We are currently looking for mature players of all genres, whether you like to PVP, PVE, Craft or RP, Casual or hardcore, young and old, whatever strikes you as fun, there's a place for you. We recognize that a well rounded guild only serves to better all the players of the guild. If you like to create havoc and destruction while LOLing all the way, this may be the place for you! We acknowledge that this is a video game, used for entertainment purposes, and we treat it just like that. No srs bsns, pls.
What to expect?
The core players in this guild have known each other for past 6+ years, and are very aware that everyone has a life besides the game. Most of us have a wife, kids, jobs, or a bed to get back into at some point. So do not expect this guild to be very strict, uptight, serious, soft spoken, by the book, or sober all the time. We are a bunch of laid back players that just like to have fun, wreak havoc, destroy stuff, get drunk, party, and make fun of something/someone while playing the game! We don't take things too seriously, and like to enjoy ourselves at all costs.
So if this guild sounds good for you, post in the recruitment forum, or fill out an application. If not, good luck, have fun, and may the force be with you!
Joining the guild
Interested in joining Thoughtbludgeon? http://www.swtorforum.net/forum/guildapplication.asp
Frequently updated on teh website
Rave Lade Jundon Ofod Rich Gone Rekknaw Izurx Ludi Alrevolis Olai Tibair Lobam Roxy Gheris Rex Construct37 Sindorin Slicer LilHammie Tarvous Jaxhammer Akashu Pirassi Issowi Blake Itopa Mystdragon Good Lookin Tutok Forbac Anu Settbacca Ackis Tobe Mangual GarVa Delta9 valuthor Jesterphatt Lopist Flyingstar Faqui Andromeda Benjy Thumper Red Skull Omerta Boss John Arganth Malorick Maks El Zmey Satine Pellet Trin Tavtrin Fizgig Avari Incar Cerated Wiggen Deshwitat Jerra Rilo Milky Typhon Lokomi Furrycheese Wardar Maelsar Steelefleece Redhammer Darkfire Ghoulbone Qaz Brontugore Orkemides DarkGanja LizzyT Liuyeqing Lasher Tokum Dies Hard Mincey Nephatiti Cygnet Ritzenhoff Crom Torce Zaebal Cursetodeath
Thought Bludgeon Guild Leader EDGEY
Thought Bludgeon Guild Officers Zleeper Dvil Hoyce
Other members
External links
http://www.swtorforum.net http://gaming.thoughtbludgeon.com
Roster: http://www.swtorforum.net/forum/guildroster.asp
Application: http://www.swtorforum.net/forum/guildapplication.asp
Rules: http://www.swtorforum.net/forum/guildrules.asp
Photo Gallery: http://www.swtorforum.net/forum/guildphotoalbum.asp
Guild News: http://www.swtorforum.net/forum/sitenews.asp


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Tags: Another Promise, Article, business, film, Samsung, South Korea.
Posted 02/21/2014 at 4:23 PM
Posted 3 years ago
A film released on February 6th that is seen as being against Samsung, called Another Promise, has been supposedly ordered to be taken down by an online South Korean newspaper's president. Through a bout of texts ending up in the wrong hands, the Pressian out of South Korea then published revealing texts showing that Samsung had played a hand in this scenario, directly.
Supposedly, the film's story had been changed falsely to allay any legal actions resulting from it. The film seriously deals with highly-charged health issues including workers affected by chemical fumes and gas leaks.
Belittling any personal stakes in the article, Park Jung-kyu who is the president of NewDailyBiz complained of sleepless nights and has tried to patch things up with all concerned parties.
Samsung denies any ire that might have been fired, in a nutshell, in a retraction letter as a response to the activities.
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Let's see who gets slapped in this high stakes game of slapjack between Jake Gyllenhaal and Jimmy Fallon.
Of all the games that Jimmy Fallon plays with celebrities on The Tonight Show, slapjack has to be the funniest of the lot.
It's almost like the traditional card game – only with added pleasure of watching the loser slapped silly by a gigantic prosthetic hand.
This time around it was Jake Gyllenhaal who on the other side of the mock blackjack table. The actor appeared on the show to promote his latest movie, Southpaw.
Find out who wins and who gets his head slapped off in the video above.
Read: Apologies to Matt Damon, We Ran Out of Time: Matt Damon To Appear On Jimmy Kimmel Live (Video)


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Berin Loritsch <blorit...@apache.org>
|Re: Adding Resource Monitor to Generators
|Mon, 10 Dec 2001 15:05:46 GMT
Gerhard Froehlich wrote: >>From: Berin Loritsch [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] >>>For less-frequently used resources, wouldn't it be a better solution to >>>only call getLastModified() when the resource is actually used and the >>>time since the last call to getLastModified() is greater than the >>>refresh period ? This would be a kind of buffering in front of the >>>filesystem. Also, can't this be integrated directly in Source ? >>> >> >>I would like to see Resource and Source merged. Or at the _very_ least, >>Source extending Resource. >> > > Where is the difference between Resource and Source in the Cocoon context? In the end they represent the same thing: a file on the harddrive, a resource from the classloader, etc. The problem with classloaders is how do you know when they have changed? You would have to make the assumption that they never change unless you can get a File reference to the containing jar. In that case, you would be able to test if that resource has been altered. >>>Last point : your changes in ProgramGenerator make the assumption that >>>sources are files. This won't be true in unexpanded war files and will >>>very likely break the engine ;) >>> >>>What do you (and others) think ? >>> >> >>There is room for more Resource types. >> > > Ok, getting a little bit confused, now. Do you mean something like a > MonitoredSource or something else. My first beginning was to implement > the Resource Monitor direct into Source. But I didn't, cause I wanted > to close to the problem domain slowly ;)(honestly it was more lack of > knowledge). I mean something like a ContextResource, ClassLoaderResource, URLResource. The reason that they haven't been written yet is because it is difficult to say when they have been changed. For instance, the ContextResource would have to determine if the URL is a file url, in which case the logic is differed to the FileResource or if it is unknown (like IBM's "classloader:" protocol). If it looks like a classloader resource (i.e. unpacked war file), then the resource is deferred to the ClassLoaderResource. The ClassLoaderResource has to assume the resource never changes unless it has a handle on the enclosing Jar file (not always easy to get). If it can grab that, it can check to see if the jar file has changed--but that does not guarantee that the new jar has been loaded.... You see the conundrum? This is further exacerbated by the fact that the URL does not have any way of easily determining last modified date. For instance, you might be able to get it from a "file" url, an "http" url, and an "ftp" url--but you are at the mercy of the URLConnection subclass that is specific to each of those protocols. > Now it's implemented like this: > > <code> > this.monitor = (Monitor)this.componentManager.lookup(Monitor.ROLE); > URL configURL = new URL(source.getSystemId()); > getLogger().debug("Configuration path=" + configURL.getFile()); > FileResource file = new FileResource(configURL.getFile()); > file.addPropertyChangeListener(this); > monitor.addResource(file); > </code> Currently, that is correct--assuming that the classes you are passing are indeed PropterChangeListeners... -- "They that give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, email: email@example.com
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Whether you live in the greater Atlanta area, including Alpharetta, Vinings, Roswell, Marietta, or Peachtree City, if you are constantly battling mounds of clutter, Artisan Custom Closets can help make your home better organized and more livable. Specifically, we will get to the root of your storage problems and design a custom storage system that enables you to store your belongings in a functional and beautiful fashion. The bedroom closets, pantries, and garage organization units that we design and install are constructed of only the highest quality materials and come in a range of different colors, styles, and configurations. When your storage needs change; i.e., such as when a child leaves for college, our products are easily adjustable and are designed with events just like these in mind.At Artisan Custom Closets, we manufacture all of our storage systems in Marietta, Georgia. We don't ship finished products in from out of state, nor do we use temporary employees or subcontractors
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text:
Sweetboy VST
Since Sweetboy's website got deleted, I thought it might be a good idea to host his VST plug-ins here.
Below you can download 6 packages totaling 18 plug-ins (Windows 32-bit VST only).
The SH-1 bundle includes 7 VST effect plug-ins.
Now it includes Graphic EQ, Chorus, Filter, Delay, LFO Multi, Reverb and PhaseSifter.
It is a distinction that their weight on cpu is light.
- SH-1 Graphic EQ
- SH-1 Delay
- SH-1 LFO Multi
- SH-1 Reverb
- SH-1 PhaseShifter
- SH-1 Chorus (Chorus/Flanger)
- SH-1 Filter (Lo-Hi Pass Filter)
Download SH-1 v1.30.
Update 12-11-2006: Grymmjack has fixed the text labels on the SH-1 plug-ins. Download the package containing the fixed skins here: SH-1 v1.30 (Grymmjack skinfix).
Compare the screenshots below to see the improvements.
Glacier (LinEQ020)
Download Glacier (Linear Phase EQ plug-in)
Download RDR v1.01 (Dither plug-in). Note: requires 7-Zip to unpack.
Update 16-11-2006: You can also download RDR in zip fomat here.
S and S VSTFX Pack
- SampleSlider
- utility for delay fix
- CC 94 delay length
- StereoStretcher
- stereo expander++ included phase inverter
- It can convert MONO signal into STEREO signal
- CC 10 panpot
- SFilter
- 8-type stereo IIR filter inherited from "SH-1 Filter"
- CC 71 resonance
- CC 74 cut off frequency
- SDynamics
- stereo compressor/expander/limiter based on "T-SLEDGE"
- SonicChorus
- 2-band multi phase chorus(4-type & 2-type lfo)
- Because of delay of the plugin(25-sample delay) if you want to use it as "normal" chorus, I recommend to use as "insert effect".
- variable wave form LFO panning tremolo
Download S and S VSTFX Pack v1.06.
T-SLEDGE is a multi-band compressor for mastering, equipped with peak limiter, level maximizer and 4 compressors/expanders/limiters. And it is equipped with 2 kinds of dividing filter IIR/FIR. So, it also operates as a dynamics EQ.
- Threshold: Controls the threshold of compressing/limiting. The signal at a level that is larger than this value is compressed
- Ratio: Controls the ratio of compressing/limiting. It operates as an expander when this value is smaller than 1.0. When this value is maximized, it operates as a limiter
- Attack: Controls the attack time of compressing/limiting
- Release: Controls the release time of compressing/limiting. It makes the sound smooth, if you choose the large value
- Soft: Sets the soft/hard mode of compressing/limiting process. While the soft mode compression gradually compresses the threshold When the hard mode compression reaches the threshold by the signal, it immediately compresses. There a little differences using it, but it makes compressing/limiting process smooth or vivid. At the present stage, this function becomes effective only to the compression processing
- ARC: Sets the automatic release time control system. (Sets all compressor and limiter release time ARC) Automatically ARC calculates the release time. If you want to create loudness sound, I recommend to turn it off
- IIR-FIR: Sets the dividing filter type. If you want to use for mastering, I recommend to use FIR. FIR filter cause a little latency, but it's no more than 1ms
- Gain: Controls the level of each output signal
- Input Gain: Controls the level of input signal
- Knob: Ctrl+Left-Click -> Fine adjustment of the value. Shift+Left-Click -> Link adjustment of the value. Ctrl+Shift+Left-Click -> Fine link adjustment of the value
- VU Meter: Range 0dB < -> -40dB
Download T-SLEDGE v1.496.
With Volcano, you get an easy to use for mastering or some else. It combines peak limiter and level maximizer. You need not to control many parameters, only 4 parameters there.
- Threshold: Controls the level of limiting. If the sound causes clipping noise, I recommend to change it smaller
- MaxOut: Controls the maximam level of output signal. Leave the MaxOut setting at the maximum value: 0.0 dB
- Release: Controls the release time of limiting. It makes the sound smooth, if you choose large value. If the sound causes clipping noise, I recommend to change it larger
- ARC: Sets the automatic release time control system. Automatically ARC calculates the release time. If you want to create loudness sound, I recommend to turn it off
- Knob: Ctrl+Left-Click -> Fine adjustment of the value
- VU Meter: Range:0dB < -> -30dB
Download Volcano v1.11.
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Leave a comment
44 Comments on "Sweetboy VST"
nice work, dude…glad somebody archived sweetboy's stuff, i use his reverb abd eq on damn near everything.
thanks for keeping it out there and accessible!
It's nice to see some webmasters putting together sites like this. 2 years ago, searching for plugins was quite a task, but now there are places like this which provide a download.com-ish feel.
So glad to see this site! computer froze and all was lost. This simplifies my mastering process! Thanks!!!
cool.its work nicsly.thank 4 kindness to uplorder
nice heads up on youre part for hosting sweetboy plug-ins.
a person could spend big bucks and not do better.thanks again.
THE Volcano is a necessary accessory. If it don't do the trick it points up your track's problems. simple &pure &low cpu. I use it in most all my channels at some stage of the mix. Its relaxing/inspiring to look at and work with too. Just slide that bar down and feel the heat. Salut!
Hello and thanks for the plugins!! We (Axemaster) are in the studio and close to completing our first national release and I am eager to try out these plugins on the new CD!!
Dan Kaisk – Vocalist/Axemaster
I have to say that I love the T-Sledge myself, I've used it on everything from VOX to Bass, and It's never failed to make everything sound better. It's rare that I mix a song without it on at least 2 of my trax.
Highly recommended, and I can't believe it's free! It's worth a couple hundred at least.
AM Geoffrey and am so much impressed by the work you are doing for us.
God bless you.
AM a studio production Engineer.
if there is anything beneficial, please contact me.
Great Stuff! TY I was sooo searching for that!
Man, I'm totally in love with the site all the lavishness is gone from those other pretty sites that require 10 minutes just to figure out where you are. I can't comment on product this is my first visit to download. If the guts of the product are anything remotely resembling the site. I know they will function beyond expectation with no more programming to jam up the workability.
Wait a go,
These dont seem to load on my Daw??
I've been lookin for this stuff for a while and now I got it thanx!!!
thanks you very much!!
I am a newbie to VST plug-ins. I have Cakewalk Pro Audio 9. Can I use T-SLEDGE? Do I install T-SLEDGE then some how enable Pro Audio 9 to use it? Do I need anything else to make it work?
My OS is Win XP Pro. 2Gigs of memory.
Very helpful and kind of you all to put this info as done..Thank you!


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Alternative Titles
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