text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 30, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 1, 2007
|Priority date
|Nov 17, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Scott B. Burke
|Original Assignee
|At&T Mobility Ii Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (1), Classifications (16), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 10/990,635 filed Nov. 17, 2004 entitled, "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING LOCATION INFORMATION FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES". The entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention is related to mobile communications networks, and more specifically, implementation of emergency services on the mobile communications networks.
Federal law requires that all Personal Communications System networks and mobile communications networks be capable of providing location information for wireless calls made to emergency services. Under Phase II of the Federal Communications Commission wireless E911 mandate, it is required that technology be in place such that a dispatcher can know more precisely where the caller is located, a capability called Automatic Location Information.
Location technologies can be classified into at least three categories, including stand-alone, satellite-based, and terrestrial-based. A stand-alone system need not rely on multiple range measurements to determine the caller's position, but can attempt to provide the location based on power level, for example. Satellite-based systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS) provide very good accuracy and availability; however, impediments to line-of-sight can impact its usefulness. Terrestrial-based systems use existing cellular network base station transceivers (BTS's) for ground-based communications. The BTS transmits multiple ranging signals for a mobile station (or cell phone) in order to determine its location. BTS are added based upon the density of people residing in a certain geographic area. Consequently, more BTS exist in an area of higher population density than in an area of lower population density, which is optimized for communications purposes, and not for location services.
One method of determining the location of a wireless caller via a terrestrial-based system is by Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technology. The TDOA technique works based on trilateration by measuring the time of arrival of a mobile station radio signal at three or more separate cell sites. In a cellular system using TDOA, a caller will place an emergency 9-1-1 call that is received at several BTS, although only one BTS is assigned by the network to provide cellular communications service to the caller. A BTS is part of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which BSS includes the BTS and a BSC (Base Station Controller). Each BTS receiving the 9-1-1 call signal will pass it through the BSC to a MSC (Mobile Switching Center).
The MSC is part of an NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem), and is a cellular central office that can perform all switching and signaling for cellular telephones in the MSC's area by routing calls between the mobile network and the fixed telephone network (e.g., the PSTN-Public Switched Telephone Network). TDOA equipment at the MSC will determine the difference in time that the 9-1-1 signal arrived at each of three or more BTS sites and calculate the latitude and longitude of the caller based on the time difference and triangulation. The MSC then forwards the 9-1-1 call, along with the caller's location, to the emergency services dispatcher at a correct Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP).
One current method of implementing TDOA location technology in wireless networks requires that the BTS have the capability to determine timing information for received signals. In support thereof, a Wireless Location Sensor (WLS) can be located at each BTS. The WLS measures features of the wireless mobile station radio signals and transmits the 9-1-1 call signal information to a Geolocation Control System (GCS) that is also located at the MSC. The GCS is a central location processor that manages, coordinates, and administers the WLS network. The GCS converts the radio signal information received from the WLS into latitude/longitude data and communicates the data to the PSAP for deployment of emergency services.
However, providing a WLS at each BTS is very expensive due to equipment, installation, and maintenance costs. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for an improved emergency wireless caller location system.
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention disclosed and claimed herein, in one aspect thereof, comprises architecture for determining the location of a wireless caller. The architecture leverages a synchronization feature of GSM networks of the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) to enable employment of sparse networks by removing WLS (Wireless Location Sensor) equipment from selected cell sites.
In another aspect of the subject invention, sparse network location services can be provided further utilizing Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technology, and other network-based location technologies such as Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) and Angle of Arrival (AOA). Hybrid network-based/handset-based location technologies may also be used with the disclosed invention.
In yet another aspect thereof, an offset table can be employed at a MSC (Mobile Switching Center) for access by a GCS (Geolocation Control System) for automated determination of offset information by the GCS for location determination of a wireless caller in a sparse cell.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects of the invention are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention can be employed and the subject invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The invention is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the subject invention. It may be evident, however, that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the invention.
As used in this application, the terms "component" and "system" are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
Caller Location System
The caller location system overlays standard cellular networks to provide emergency services by locating a wireless caller that made a 9-1-1 call. Significant costs associated with such emergency systems can be reduced by eliminating a wireless location sensor (WLS) device at one or more base transceiver stations (BTSs) of the cellular network. By providing a WLS only where absolutely necessary, the system need only to ensure that one of the BTS receiving the 9-1-1 call has a WLS to provide timing information. The timing information is forwarded via the BSS (Base Station Subsystem), which includes the BTS and a BSC (Base Station Controller) to the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) equipment. A GCS (Geolocation Control System) at the MSC can process the radio signals received from the wireless caller and determine the caller's latitude/longitude data, as long as the MSC can determine the time difference between the arriving BTS reports and obtain timing information from one WLS at a BTS that received the 9-1-1 call. Therefore, it is possible to omit WLS from some BTS. As used herein, "sparsing" the network is intended to mean eliminating a WLS at a BTS (or cell site). A BTS without a WLS is referred to hereinafter as a sparse site, and a BTS with a WLS is referred to as a non-sparse site.
In practice, however, it is difficult to determine which BTS are good sparsing candidates due to one set of requirements that at least three BTS receive the 9-1-1 call for triangulation calculations, and precise timing of the site must be known or detected by the location system. Previous sparsing methods have resulted in less than 5% of BTS being sparsed.
One implementation at sparsing requires that a surrounding cell (or non-sparse site) was employed detect a BCCH (BroadCast CHannel) of the sparse site to get timing information. However, such an implementation is less productive than desired.
Another implementation, described in detail herein, forces timing synchronization between a non-sparse site and the sparse site, instead of detecting timing information from the BCCH. This implementation offers a significant reduction in costs while meeting the FCC E911 emergency requirements.
When Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) technology is employed, triangulation is used to locate the wireless caller. Thus, three or more non-sparse sites must receive the caller signal when calling from the sparse site in order for triangulation to work. Other network-based location technologies such as Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) and Angle of Arrival (AOA) may be used with the disclosed invention, as well as hybrid network-based/handset-based location technologies.
In order to provide location services in such sparse networks, timing information is required from each BTS that receives the wireless call. This timing information must be based on a common timing scale, thus cell synchronization is imposed. One such methodology is synchronization of the BSS which can be used in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks. By providing BSS synchronization in a sparse site and a non-sparse site, for example, timing information can be ascertained and used to convert mobile station radio signals to latitude/longitude data which defines the location of the wireless caller.
GSM radio networks utilize synchronization to synchronize the transmission of bursts within a cell site. This ensures that intra-cell co-channel interference is non-existent within a cell during frequency hopping across channels. Thus, channels transmitted within a cell are synchronized so that they are not transmitted on the same frequency at the same time. A synchronized radio network includes cells that are synchronized to a common reference such as geographic location system (e.g., (GPS) Global Positioning System). Such synchronization technology can be found in technical specification document 3GPP TS 05.10 V8.12.0 (2003-08) entitled 3rd G
In this particular example, TDOA is employed, such that three or more non-sparse sites must receive the call signals from a wireless caller 218 located in the sparse site 214 for trilateration to work. Note that the number of sparse sites depicted in this example (i.e., two), is only an example of the number of sparse sites that can be employed. A fewer or greater number of sparse sites can be used. For example, if the terrain and coverage allows, a greater number of sparse sites can be accommodated for synchronization. The non-sparse sites (202, 204 and 206) communicate with a GCS 220 at an MSC 222 via the respective BTS. The MSC 222 is in communication with a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) such that the location information can be communicated thereto and the caller can obtain emergency services.
In this particular implementation, the sparse sites (214 and 216) are synchronized to the non-sparse site 202. The first sparse site 214 is synchronized using a first synchronization component 226, and the second sparse site 216 is synchronized using a second synchronization component 228, both of which synchronize to the non-sparse site synchronization component 230. Although not shown as such, the BTS, WLS, and synchronization component 230 for the non-sparse site 202 are interconnected for communications purposes. This is also true for any site that includes a WLS, BTS, and/or additional equipment. The non-sparse site 202 can employ GPS satellite capability via a GPS satellite receiver 232 to communicate with a GPS system (not shown) such that the non-sparse site 202 can determine the timing information directly via the WLS 208, and then use the timing information to compute the longitude/latitude information via the GPS satellite to the GPS system. The longitude/latitude information can then be communicated to the PSAP 224 by way of the GCS 220 and MSC 222.
It is to be appreciated that the synchronization components (226, 228, and 230) can include the BSC, such that synchronization exists through the BSC to the BTS. Moreover, where provided, the synchronization components (226 and 230) can also include the respective satellite receivers (225 and 232) which function as a common reference for all components at that cell. In one implementation, synchronization is derived from the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) 234 at the MSC 222, and distributed through the rest of the network using, for example, E1 links carried over PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) or SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) systems. Clocks at each of the network elements (e.g., BTS, BSC, MSC, and so on) can be aligned with the GPS satellite system as a reference to ensure network synchronization.
At 300, an existing cellular network is received for emergency location services. At 302, the network cell is selected and sparsed. At 304, the sparse site(s) is synchronized to a non-sparse site. At 306, an emergency call is received by a mobile station in the sparse site. At 308, the WLS at the non-sparse site captures the timing information. At this point, in one implementation, the timing information is processed remotely. Accordingly, at 310, the decision is made to process remotely. At 312, the non-sparse site transmits the timing information to the GCS. The GCS then obtains the caller longitude/latitude location via GPS. At 316, the longitude/latitude data is then transmitted to the PSAP such that emergency services can be dispatched to the caller.
Alternatively, at 310, the timing information can be processed locally at the site. Accordingly, at 318, the non-sparse site includes its own GPS communications capability such that the corresponding longitude/latitude data can be obtained. At 320, the longitude/latitude data is then transmitted to the MSC, and from there, to the PSAP, as indicated at 316.
In this particular embodiment, since synchronization to the sparse site 214 is performed by the GCS 220, a synchronization offset table 406 is provided. The table 406 stores offsets for each BTS of several network cells (also called synch groups). For example, if there are three synch groups (408, 410, and 412) of differing offsets (e.g., 1, 2, and 3), the table 406 can be accessed by the GCS 220 so that the corresponding sparse site (here, sparse site 214 of synch group 408) can be referenced.
Another column can be included that provides the reference source (e.g., a master source and a slave source) and offset delays between the slave to the master. In the exemplary table 600, the first synch group utilizes a reference which is a master. This can be timing referenced directly from GPS or other highly accurate timing source. The second synch group obtains timing from a slave source. This can be an atomic clock such as rubidium atomic standard or an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), for example, that slaves to the master periodically to ensure accurate timing is achieved for the second synch group. Thus, another column (denoted REF OFFSET) in the table 600 can include the offset of the slave source from the master source (denoted OFFSET1) for the second synch group. The third synch group is illustrated as using the same master source as the first synch group. Each of the masters will have an offset of zero from itself, as reflected in the REF OFFSET column. It is to be appreciated that the table 600 can include many other types of timing information suitable for determining location of the mobile station in accordance with the subject invention.
Accordingly, the system 700 includes the non-sparse sites (202, 204 and 206) two of which (sites 202 and 204) include AOA technology (as indicated by the dotted lines) to locate the mobile station 218 in the sparse site 214. The first and/or second non-sparse sites (202 and/or 204) can receive the intersection location information. Note that all of the non-sparse site (202, 204, and 206) can include the AOA technology; however, only two sites need "see" the mobile station. In one implementation, the intersecting angle information is processed at the non-sparse site 202, and the longitude/latitude obtained directly from a GPS system (not shown) via the satellite system 232 and transmits it to the PSAP 224 via the GCS 220. In another implementation, the intersecting angle information is transmitted to the GCS 220, and the GCS 220 obtains the longitude/latitude directly from the GPS system for transmission to the PSAP 224.
In yet another implementation, both the intersecting angle information, and the timing information (in accordance with synchronization of sparse site 214 with non-sparse site 202 via synchronization components 226 and 230) obtained by the WLS 208 at non-sparse site 202, are processed at the site 202 in order to obtain the longitude/latitude directly from the GPS system for transmission to the PSAP 224 via the MSC 222. In still another implementation, both the intersecting angle information and the timing information are transmitted to the GCS 220 for processing and obtaining of the longitude/latitude from the GPS system for transmission to the PSAP 224.
EOTD is based on an existing feature in GSM stations called Observed Time Difference (OTD), which utilizes the mobile station to calculate the time difference between signals received from two different BTS. The EOTD extends the OTD by incorporating another time difference to determine synchronization of the BTS in the GSM network.
Accordingly, the system 800 includes the non-sparse sites (202, 204 and 206) all of which support EOTD technology to locate the mobile station 218 in the sparse site 214. The first non-sparse site 202 includes the synchronization component 230 which forces synchronization on the sparse site 214. The non-sparse sites (202, 204 and 206) transmit signals to the mobile station 218 (as indicated by the dotted lines), in response to which the mobile station 218 computes the time difference of the received signals. In one implementation, the mobile station 218 transmits the time difference information to the non-sparse site 202, and the longitude/latitude is obtained directly from a GPS system (not shown) via the satellite system 232 for transmission to the PSAP 224 via the GCS 220 at the MSC 222. In another implementation, the mobile station 218 transmits the time difference information to the non-sparse site 202 which forwards it to the GCS 220. The GCS 220 then obtains the longitude/latitude directly from the GPS system for transmission to the PSAP 224.
With respect to WCDMA (also known as UMTS-Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), which is asynchronous, a mobile station can detect timing information from the primary code sequence on the uplink from a neighboring site. On the downlink side, the mobile station searches for a certain sequence of bits to determine that the carrier network is based on CDMA. Further detection by the mobile station gives the start bits for pulses, and then the scrambling code for that sector, and the key to start applying the across the bits to find the pilot signal. Once the pilot signal is detected, the mobile station is linked up.
What has been described above includes examples of the invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the subject invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the invention are possible. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 2010
|May 14, 2013
|RedSky Technologies, Inc.
|Emergency location information gateway for public safety answering points (PSAPs) and method of use
|U.S. Classification
|455/456.1, 455/456.2, 455/456.6, 455/456.3, 455/422.1, 455/456.5
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 16, 2007
Owner name: AT&T MOBILITY II LLC, GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BURKE, SCOTT B.;REEL/FRAME:020122/0640
Effective date: 20071116
|Apr 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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是否有人少但风 •白 羊 座 : 「 我 爱 你 」 三 个 字 不 够 ,
应 该 是 「 我 超 爱 你 」 四 个 字 才 对 。西,当年圣阎罗製造仙灵地界阴谋, 小弟今年7月手机约满,自己偏向"通话费要最低,但要有上网吃到饱"的资费
年金改革为何重要?淡江大学保险系副教授郝充仁说:「年金包含两大不公,行业不公、世代不公。 超级好吃~红色招牌鸡蛋蚵仔煎~
地点在天母的大叶高子服务!以往国内的月子中心, 看看看 你在看杀小!!! 姗姗想说 那个男生是在骂自己吗?一脸错愕= =
小东路过文化路的时候看到了这个女生 骂完朝他走了过去 把姗姗拉倒你说得对啊。」坐在她身旁的立亭应道。
「别抱怨了啦, 我是基督徒,我女友是一般道教
我住高雄在同花顺官方免费下载中心, 在LINE上 看到这张图 这差别 不用我讲 大家也不是瞎子 [你要是养了他, middle of his operation, he was caught short and relieved himself in the factory, conveniently leaving a pile of excrement from which the police extracted his DNA and apprehended the maladroit criminal. The thief, identified only by his surname Lin, said, "I couldn't take it any more, so I squatted down and relieved myself!"
DNA is found in all human cells, and since everyone's DNA is different, the police often use it as evidence during investigations. Although excrement is a form of human waste, criminal investigation specialists said that it still contains cells from our intestine, from which DNA can be extracted. But cells easily deteriorate in moist excrement, making the extraction difficult.
The police said that 34-year-old Lin's modus operandi was to cut open the iron sheets of the walls of the factories he broke into. He visited a factory mid-December last year and took more than 10 drill bits and 50 other molds. After putting them on his truck, he went back to the factory to see if there was anything valuable he had missed the first time. According to the police, after the effort and stress of breaking into the factory Lin felt the need to relieve himself so he lowered his pants and produced the evidence.
It is also alleged that in October last year, he broke into another factory and stole as much as 1.5 tons of steel material. When cutting the iron sheet before entering, he wounded himself and left blood stains, which the police analyzed. And in another case in which he is also a suspect, he is alleged to have found time to drink an expensive liquor, leaving his saliva on the bottle. That also became evidence for the police.
After comparing and analyzing the DNA samples, the police found out that the excrement, blood and saliva belonged to the same person, the "factory burglar." Shulin police department discovered that this suspect is a man who lives in an abandoned kindergarten school bus. With the help of other police stations, they succeeded in capturing him. After being caught, the suspect only admitted to breaking into the factory where he drank the liquor. But when he was presented with the DNA evidence from his excrement, he claimed that although he answered the call of nature in the factory, he hadn't stolen anything. The police suspect him to be the perpetrator of at least nine other burglaries in the Shulin and Sanshia areas of Taipei County.


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SBI 25th &26th June Clerk Mains Question Paper Analysis PDF 2016,sbi.co.in Ans Key,Cut Off:- Recently a state bank of India has issued a recruitment notification for the post of Junior Associate (Customer Support & Sales) and Junior Agricultural Associates in clerical cadre with a maximum of 19,575 post are vacant in the year of 2016.and the last date of the submission of the application form is 28 april.the procedure of the written examination are based on three mode ,first is preliminary examination,second is main examination and the last one is interview. after the successfully completion of the preliminary examination held on June and those are shortlisted can called for the main examination. the written examination of both the preliminary and the main paper is different. in the preliminary examination the exam pattern is English language, quantitative aptitude and the reasoning ability. and in the main examination the exam pattern is Reasoning and Computer Aptitude , Data Analysis and Interpretation , General/ Economy/ Banking Awareness , English Language.
SBI Clerk Mains Question Paper 2016 answer key
There are huge number of the aspirants can apply for the state bank of India examination. the increasing a number of candidate every year for applying the state bank of India post like clerical and provident officer.the exam pattern is taught that's why a huge number of the people are rejected and a very few who is talented can be selected and get jobs in the state bank of India.state bank of India conduct a examination every year with a help of IBPS. the exam mode for the post of clerical and PO are online. SBI PO Main Examination will consist of Objective Tests for 200 marks and Descriptive Test for 50 marks. The objective test will be for 3-hour duration consisting of 4 sections of total 200 marks. For every correct answer the candidates get 1 mark and for every wrong response ¼ marks will get deducted.
SBI exam Analysis PDF 2016,sbi.co.in Cut Off
State bank of India has declare the answer key and the cut off marks in the official website of the state bank of India.The candidates who are shortlisted in the SBI clerical Preliminary Cutoff Score 2016 will only be called for the SBI PO Main Exam 2016 which will follow a completely different exam pattern. SBI has make some changes in the syllabus and the exam pattern of SBI clerical Main Examination. Main Examination will consist pd two types like Objective Tests for 200 marks and Descriptive Test for 50 marks. Both the Objective and Descriptive Tests will be online. all the precious information regarding the state bank of India clerical main examination is given below like answer key, cut off, patterns of the main examination etc.
The main examination of SBI PO is divided into two stages:
- Objective Test
- Descriptive Test
Objective Test:
- SBI PO Main Examination will consist of Objective Tests for 200 marks and Descriptive Test for 50 marks.
- this is the online mode for Both the Objective and Descriptive Tests.
- The duration of the objective test will be 3-hour for 4 sections of total 200 marks.
- The Objective Test will have separate timing for every section.
- The candidates are required to qualify in each of the tests by securing passing marks, to be decided by the Bank.
- For every correct answer candidate get 1 mark and for every wrong response ¼ marks will get deducted.
Structure of Objective Test:
|Serial No
|Name of section
|Number of Questions asked in the section
|Total marks in the section
|Time Duration
|Reasoning and Computer Aptitude
|60 minutes
|Data Analysis and Interpretation
|45 minutes
|General/ Economy/ Banking Awareness
|35 minutes
|English Language
|40 minutes
|3 hours
All information are given by us is precious for all so, if any doubt or confusion comment on the comment box.


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Fantasy Football OrgyFavorites [+]
Pay-Per-Minute Viewing
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Purchase Options
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Available MP4 sizes:SD 480p (1.71 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
Running Time: 109 minutes
Released: 10/2014
Studio Name: Third Degree Films
Director: Mike Quasar
Description: This fantasy fuck-fest goes way beyond the basic scoring system! Everyone in the league is a breakout player here and you never have to worry about going bust - the bustier the better! Draft the best looking girls in XXX and watch them play the whole 'team!' Work your way through the whole playbook with every sexy combination you can think of! This is one Fantasy Football pool you won't want to miss!
3 Scenes from Fantasy Football Orgy
Fantasy Football Orgy: Scene 1 Free Preview
Starring: Nadia Styles Holly Heart ... More Details
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Fantasy Football Orgy: Scene 2 Free Preview
Starring: John Strong Holly Heart ... More Details
Stars: John Strong, Holly Heart, Christie Stevens, Mark Wood, Nadia Styles, Marco Banderas, Will Powers, Rilynn Rae, Mercedes Carrera
Fantasy Football Orgy: Scene 3 Free Preview
Starring: Mark Wood Nadia Styles ... More Details
Stars: Mark Wood, Nadia Styles, Will Powers, Rilynn Rae, Mercedes Carrera, John Strong, Marco Banderas, Holly Heart, Christie Stevens
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The past few weeks have been filled with problematic language, accusations and morally questionable legal practices related to a civil suit where NBA star Derrick Rose and two other men were accused of rape. This past Wednesday, he was found not liable of all charges by a jury of two men and six women.
Derrick Rose wears 'I can't breathe' t-shirt in solidarity with Eric Garner protesters
Chicago Bulls player Derrick Rose made one of the biggest social statements of his professional career by wearing an "I Can't Breathe" shirt while warming up before a game in solidarity with Eric Garner protesters.
While Rose did not make any verbal statements about a New York City grand jury's decision not to indict the NYPD officer who fatally placed Garner in an illegal chokehold during an altercation in July.
NBA star Derrick Rose donates $1 million to After School Matters program
Teens in Chicago's After School Matters program will get a boost from the NBA's Derrick Rose.
The MVP and three-time Chicago Bulls All-Star is donating $1 million to the Chicago-based non-profit organization which is devoted to providing "innovative out-of-school programs for teenagers."
Despite consistent injuries, Derrick Rose vows to never stop playing basketball
All eyes have been on Chicago Bulls guard Derrick Rose since his days at Simeon Vocational Career Academy. He made history as the NBA's youngest most valuable player ever.
But it's Rose's injuries that have kept him in the spotlight in recent months.
The latest one happened just a couple of weeks ago, when Rose tore his right meniscus on a simple backcut against Portland on November 22. Despite his setbacks, Rose is vowing to never stop playing.
Bulls' Derrick Rose knee surgery successful, out for rest of season
After missing the entire 2012-13 season due to an ACL tear in his left knee, Chicago Bulls' point guard Derrick Rose will not play for the rest of this season. Rose suffered a tear in his meniscus during Friday's loss against the Portland Trail Blazers.
He underwent successful surgery to repair the damage in his right knee on Monday.
The Return
Whether you're from Chicago or a city in Thailand, it's been pretty hard to miss the growing buzz around #TheReturn of Chicago native Derrick Rose. I have been fascinated by the responses from Derrick Rose fans throughout the world. It seems that many of them are rushing him to come back, for the sake of a possible championship.
Chicago Bulls' Derrick Rose Will Pay for Jonylah Watkins' Funeral
According to reports, Chicago Bulls star Derrick Rose has offered to pay for the funeral expenses for Jonylah Watkins, the six-month-old girl who was shot five times earlier this week in Chicago's Woodlawn neighborhood.
Rose, who has been the subject of a lot of controversy surrounding his knee rehab and when he'll rejoin the Chicago Bulls, made the offer, according to Rev. Corey Brooks, who is a spokesman for the family of little Jonylah.
An Ode to Derrick R.O.S.E.
By Joshua A
My first love was hoopin. In my younger days, all I wanted to do is play basketball.
I would go for walks around the neighborhood, dribbling the ball for miles. My friends and I spent hours in my driveway on 105th & Wood playing endless pick up games. In the summer, I'd wake up to the sound of the guys shooting on my rim. I'd throw on some shorts and a tee to go outside to ball with them, pretty much the entire day. There were several times we even conquered the elements by playing in the pouring rain, or shoveling the snow so we could ball in Chicago's freezing winters.
When my friends weren't around, I 'd practice for hours at a time. I'd shoot jumpers, yelling "Kobe" on the release, or work on my go-to-moves, imitating Scottie Pippen's between the leg change of pace blow-by. I'd get angry at invisible defenders talking trash to me, getting a sense of revenge when I blew past them. I would work on my left hand, wanting to be like Michael Redd. I'd practice either until my mother said it was dinner time or until she told me to stop because she wanted me to be mindful of the neighbors.
I had some friends who were in gangs and were doing some things (won't get into that), but for the most part, no one tried to get me to join a gang or get me into trouble, because I was a hooper. It's kind of an unwritten rule that if you're a good student or if you play sports, you get a free pass. People leave you alone.
Chicago is sad, depressed, in a funk. Our hopes of returning to NBA greatness shattered as Derrick Rose went down with a torn ACL last Saturday, late in the 4th quarter of game 1 of their first round playoff machup.
I want to write about something else, but I can't. Man down. Our man, last year's league MVP, down.


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With this technique, Alucard can reconstruct items and his environment in Dracula's Castle. This ability comes from the fact that Alucard memorized every room in the castle during the centuries he explored it.
When used, a timer will appear. When it reaches zero, the item will get back to its destroyed/collapsed nature.
Centuries after finishing off Dracula, Alucard continued to recreate in his mind each one of the rooms in the castle he then visited. Trying to remember every wall, every door and every statue, suspecting that one day it would be very useful to him. He wasn't mistaken, as with the return of his father, the castle, too, rose up again from the rubble. Now he is the only one who, like his father, has the necessary link to return the splendor to every corner of the fortress, projecting his memories and making the image he retains of them tangible.
Guest HouseEdit
- A collapsed wall in Trevor's Room
- A mechanical saw on the ground
- A section of a platform (to give access to the Spectral Wolf)
- A Navigator
Forbidden AreaEdit
- A section of a platform (to give access to the Bat Cloud)
- A mechanism
- A big crate floating in blood
- A shield
- A Navigator
Other AreasEdit
- Even if Alucard never visited the Forbidden Area, he can still use this ability on various items in this area.
- Concept art viewable in-game shows an image of Dracula using Timeless Vision, implying that it was meant to be given to him in the main game; the power belonging to Dracula, who has a spiritual bond with the castle, would make more sense than Alucard having memorized the layout of a castle that explicitly changes shape all the time, and the presence of the lifeless Navigators in the main game indicates that they were meant to be the fast travel system, not the Map Rooms, and that the ability was cut and replaced with something else.
Timeless Vision


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|26 May 2011
How To Add A HP Printer
i was hoping you would help me i have a USB hp color laserjet cp 2025 printer and i am using lenovo laptop and i am using windows 7 64bit OP. i am trying to get the printer to work but i am not gettin any luck. i downloaded the driver from the hp website and installed it but i think the problem is with the port which one should i use. i cant use the printer port cuz its a USB printer. and from the list of ports in the add printer wizard the USB port is not there. i can see other ports. i tried selecting a universal port and i wrote USB but nothing is working.
please help
|My System Specs
|26 May 2011
What does the readme of the driver say? I'd install the driver and connect the printer when it says to connect it.
|My System Specs
|26 May 2011
there is no readme file with the driver installation. from the hp website you install the driver as a winzip file and unzipped then the wizard for add a printer opens and thats it. but i have looked and no readme file is there.
|My System Specs
|26 May 2011
I have an .exe file here: HP Color LaserJet CP2025 Printer series*-* Download drivers and software - HP Business Support Center Run the "HP Universal Print Driver for Windows PCL6 x64" .exe you'll find, its No #1.
|My System Specs
|27 May 2011
Windows 10 Education 64 bit
Don't connect the printer to the USB port, even if the printer is turned off, until prompted during the install. If you do the install will likely fail. Don't ask me why, but it has happened to me in the past. Also it shouldn't matter what USB port you use, just use the same one any time you use the printer. If you don't you'll likely get a new hardware found pop up and end up with HP Printer (your model here) NO.2 in devices and printers. I hate it when windows does that.
|My System Specs
|27 May 2011
Windows 7 Ultimate SP1 64-Bit
Generally speaking, you'll need to install the printer's drivers and other HP bloatware with the printer switched off and the USB cable disconnected.
When the drivers have been installed HP's installation wizard will instruct you to switch the power on first, and then connect the USB lead.
You also need to check how many printers (HP) you've installed by looking at Control Panel<Devices and Printers> and remove them before trying again.
|My System Specs
|27 May 2011
Did install the firmware update as well?
|My System Specs
|27 May 2011
Windows 7 Ultimate x64 SP1
You shouldn't need to pick a port at all. The HP install wizard will prompt you when to connect the printer, and it will detect it, and install the approriate drivers.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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It's not a regular occurrence that you find yourself in need of a replacement Vapor Canister Purge Solenoid Valve for your car or truck. While it may not be difficult to buy replacement parts for Volvo vehicles, these days only the highest quality are required to maintain your car or truck. Anyone who drives a Volvo knows that when it comes to fixing their vehicle only the most superior replacement parts will do. Make no mistake, you didn't buy your V40 unless you understood you would be getting long-lasting quality and dependability both rolled up into one car, truck, or SUV.
Some of the most effective emissions reduction equipment on automobiles today also helps improve gas mileage. One part on your Volvo V40 that does both jobs is your vapor canister purge solenoid. It is typically mounted on top of your gas tank, and when you start your engine the Volvo V40 vapor canister purge solenoid vents built-up gas vapor from inside the tank to your intake manifold so it can be used in combustion. When you open your gas cap and hear or feel a burst of gas vapors, then take your vehicle to a mechanic to have them test your vapor canister purge valve.
Given all the trouble that can be involved with installing a part to fix your car or truck, let www.carpartsdiscount.com be the number one store you go to make buying it easy. Don't let a Vapor Canister Purge Solenoid Valve repair bring about the demise of your car, truck, or SUV, and don't gamble with its condition by using anything but the best repair parts. Bring your V40 back to life with the best replacement parts from the experts at Car Parts Discount. If your car or truck was built in 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, then you will find the correct Volvo V40 Vapor Canister Purge Solenoid Valve parts right here.


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Report summaryKleinkopje is a thermal coal mine, which forms part of Anglo American's South African Coal Estates. Kleinkopje covers part of the Kleinkopje 15 IS farm, 10 kilometres south of Witbank in the province of Mpumalanga. Anglo American has put the mine up for sale to optimise its South African coal portfolio.
What's included?
This report includes 3 file(s)
- Kleinkopje coal mine PDF - 343.29 KB 8 Pages, 11 Tables, 3 Figures
- Asset Kleinkopje.xls XLS - 219.00 KB
- Kleinkopje-South Africa-BASE.XLS XLS - 530.50 KB


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7 Free Things to Do in Brisbane
Travel through Australia doesn't always have to be costly. A great way to reduce some of the expenses on your holiday in Brisbane is to incorporate some of the free things to do in the Queensland capital. Another way to reduce your expenses is to reserve your car rental ahead of time to take advantage of Budget's great deals on car hire in Brisbane. Here are seven things you can do in Brisbane for free.
Brisbane Montage Photo Credit: Wikipedia
Map of Brisbane Photo Credit: Google Maps
Stroll through the Brisbane's Botanic Gardens
City Botanic Gardens Photo Credit: VisitBrisbane.com
The City Botanic Gardens are completely free to walk through and they are conveniently located between the CBD and the Brisbane River. These gardens have a long history and are Brisbane's oldest public gardens with many unusual and rare botanic species. You can bring a picnic to eat on the open grassy areas. Other areas to explore within the City Botanic Gardens include rainforest, lily ponds, the mangrove boardwalk and the avenue of bunya pines. You can also plan to attend one of the free guided walks given by volunteers Monday through Saturday. If you want even more gardens, you can also see the Mt Coot-tha Reserve Botanic Gardens for free. It is just about a 15 minute drive from Brisbane and is a more lush environment than the City Botanic Gardens. You can also climb Mt Coot-tha, it is 287 metres high so you can catch the view to the Moreton Bay islands on a clear day.
Visit the Southbank
South Bank of Brisbane Photo Credit: (Wikipedia) By willislim – http://www.flickr.com/photos/willislim/3803033375/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9052861
Brisbane's South Bank is a precinct of the city located on the south end of the Brisbane River. It is an educational and cultural hub with plenty of restaurants and shops. You can certainly spend money while there, but there is no charge to just walk around and see the sights. Many of the museum and cultural attractions here are free or have free tours. The views are amazing and it is a great place for people watching or just relaxing.
Take a Ride on the City Hopper Boat
The City Hopper Boat Service Photo Credit: Brisbane.qld.gov.au
The City Hopper is a free service that is provided by the city. The boat ferries travel along the Brisbane River every 30 minutes from 6am until midnight daily, seven days a week. The stops the City Hopper makes includ North Quay, South Bank 3, Maritime Museum, Thornton Street, Eagle Street Pier, Holman Street, Dockside, and Sydney Street. You can see all the sights along the Brisbane River completely for free.
Fun at a Free Festival
There is almost always something going on in a busy city hub like Brisbane. You might be able to time your holiday with one of the city's four free festivals:
The Valley Fiesta in October
The Valley Jazz Festival
The Queensland Music Festival in July
The Brisbane Festival in September
Tour one of Brisbane's Museums
Museum of Brisbane Photo Credit: Wikipedia
The Cultural Precinct is home to the Cultural Centre next to the South Bank. Here you will find the Queensland Art Gallery and Gallery of Modern Art, the State Library, Queensland Museum, Queensland Performing Arts Centre, and the Queensland Theatre Company. All of them offer something free in addition to paid tours or ticketed events.
Take a Scenic Drive
We already told you about the 15 minute drive to the Mt. Coot-tha Botanic Gardens. Just a short drive from Brisbane, you can also see the picturesque scenery on the way to and all around Mount Nebo and Mount Glorious, which are just northwest of Brisbane. The winding mountain road on the way there is almost as nice as the destination. Another nearby scenic drive option is the Somerset Dam. It is just about an hour's drive from Brisbane. Once there you can have a picnic among the beautiful scenery or participate in watersports, fishing, or other fun in the countryside.
Hit the Beach
Wynnum Wading Pool Photo Credit: VisitBrisbane.com
There are a number of great beaches near Brisbane including Noosa, the most visited National Park in Australia. If you like your beaches a little less crowded, head a little further north to Sunshine Beach. Another option is the Wynnum Wading Pool, a family favourite because it fills up a low tide but only gets thigh high. They have added a playground to this tidal pool that gives the family the best of both worlds with a shallow and safe place to swim but still get to experience the ocean water.


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Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Помогите нам: эти порнозвезды присутствуют в этом видео?
Pornstar Name:
Buena verga, tetas y culo!
Now thats a banana cock and a big fucker
Mto gostosa
Holy shit she is perfect. Incredible tits, ass and body, but his fat huge black cock is making my mouth water. I'd absolutely love to suck that fat meat pickle while I fuck her
Wow. She is perfect
WOW would I love to get my hands wrapped around that big cock.I would ride that big juicy banana dick until its balls spit dust.What a helluva nice cock!!!!
he's so lucky...he got to cum all over those gorgeous tits !!
muito boa, very good. The guy who is fucking her is Kid bengala, he fucks very nice chicks
Massive tits meet massive cock and no titty fuck?
gostosa pra caralho
what a cook
Damn!!! He tore it up with his own nature banana. LOL
Some errors occurred, please try again later


text:
Single Female in So Cal
1 Attachment(s)
Hi, I'm new to the site...and new to posting things like this! Originally from Chicago and moved to So Cal last year. I'm looking for MF couples who want a friendship/relationship and who live near me. Please do not contact me if you are a single male or do not live near me.
Hey there! We are a young professional clean couple looking
For friendship possible ltr.. Im Russian he is latin Cuban, let us know or emails us here xoxo
Hello, we are a fun couple on Burbank area
Are you still looking for a couple to chat with?
Hi from Santa Barbara
Hi from Santa Barbara.
We are new to SC.
Please check our profile, and if you
like what you are reading, please
email us.
Danuta and Jonathan.
Hey, there!
We're from Gardena which is close to Torrance---we're an hour away from LA. We're interaccial couple, I am white/native-am and he is Chinese-Am. We'd like to get to know you. Message us if you're interested!:o:D
By the way, I, the "she" in the conversation lived in Chicago for a couple months. I miss all the Polish food! Chicago is a great place. What happened? The weather was too much? haha
Hi me and my boyfriend dont live to far form LA and i am orginally from Chicago and are you still looking for a couple
|All times are GMT. The time now is 02:33 PM.


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Okay, no cyber punches for this one. I signed up for this weeks ago, before I made a deal with myself to limit entries in contests and such. Besides, it's Halloween and I adore spooky, fun stories. Jackie and Dani are co-hosting this spooktacular blogfest. I've highlighted the 5 required words. You still have another day to enter...if you dare!
A Witch's Invitation
Mesmerized by the dancing candlelight inside the jack-o-lantern, Bex knew better. Despite years of warnings from their parents, she turned up the walkway, urging the boys to follow her.
"You're gonna get us in trouble," Ryan said, whining. He made a pathetic devil.
"Knock it off," Bex said. She paused at the porch steps, waiting for Ryan and his little brother Cal. Ghosts were known to haunt this house, and a real witch lived here.
Cal moaned with his arms outstretched, bumping into Bex's back repeatedly. "Why aren't you scared of me? Everyone is scared of zombies."
Bex winked at Cal. "Come on, let's knock."
"My parents are going to ground me for life!" Ryan said, standing behind Bex and Cal. "Besides, I heard she boils kids in her cauldron."
Bex wheeled around. "Really? Don't be such a moron."
Cal tugged at her witch's robe. "Uh, Bex..."
"What's up--" Turing back, Bex froze. The door creaked open, cobwebs stretching across the door frame.
"Oh, you're the most adorable trick or treaters I've ever seen!" a plump woman said. Dressed in an emerald, floor length dress, she had snarled purple hair underneath a black witch's hat and the most beautiful, twinkling eyes.
"We're probably the only trick or treaters you've ever had," Ryan said in a whisper.
Bex rolled her eyes. She studied the woman, drawn to her eyes. "I'm Bex, and this is my friend Ryan and his little brother Cal." She heard shuffling behind her, and the woman looked over her shoulder.
Ryan backed up.
"Wait, don't you want some candy little boy?" the woman asked.
"Heck no, I'm out of here!" Ryan said, running out of the gate.
She held out her hand, beckoning them inside. Bex admired her razor-sharp black nails. "Come in my dearies."


text:
Austin, Minnesota: SPAM Museum
RoadsideAmerica.com Team Field Report
- Address:
- 101 3rd Ave. NE, Austin, MN
- Directions:
- Downtown, at the corner of Main St. N. and 3rd Ave. NE.
- Hours:
- Winter: Tu-Sa 10-5, Su 12-5, closed M; Summer: M-Sa 10-6, Su 12-5
- Admission:
- Free
- RA Rates:
- Major Fun
Results 1 to 5 of 10... Page of 2 [Next 5 items]
SPAM Museum
New museum opened in April 2016, the world's most comprehensive collection of spiced pork artifacts. See a 12-foot-tall rocket made of SPAM cans, buy a SPAM air freshener for your car in the gift shop. Roadsideamerica.com Report...
SPAM Museum: An article in the New York Times singled out SPAM -- America's iconic mystery meat -- as "perhaps the emblematic hard-times food in the American pantry." [11/16/2008] Complete Story...
Visitor Tips and News About SPAM Museum
Reports and tips from RoadsideAmerica.com visitors and Roadside America mobile tipsters. Some tips may not be verified. Submit your own tip.
Spam Museum
The Spam Museum has moved downtown to the corner of 3rd Ave. and Main St. in Austin. Fun, interactive displays, and the guides are super friendly and have tons of info. No spam samples. There's an indoor play space for kids.[MNR, 07/04/2016]
SPAM Museum
After meaning to stop the last five times we visited family in the Minneapolis area, we finally made it to the Spam Museum, with just 45 minutes to spare before it closed. It was quite interesting! Kids would enjoy it, too. Be sure to pick up one of the many varieties of Spam on your way out.[Linda Johnson, 08/19/2014]
SPAM Museum
Definitely worth a trip! The SPAM gift shop is a gold mine.[Maddie, 05/28/2014]
Whenever in Austin, MN and in need of a processed meat recharge, we know where to head.
Page of 2 [Next 5 items]
Nearby Offbeat Places
Latest Tips Across Roadside America
Catch up on the latest discoveries from the road.
Explore Thousands of Oddball Tourist Attractions!
Unique destinations in the U.S. and Canada are our special obsession. Use our attraction recommendation and maps to plan your next road trip.


text:
MORGAN CITY — A Washington-based humanist group has written a letter to St. Mary Parish school officials demanding they omit prayer from school-sponsored events after a Morgan City High School student complained about a school-led Christian prayer during a Veterans Day assembly last week.
If the district does not take corrective action on the complaint within seven days, the American Humanist Association threatens in the letter to file a federal lawsuit against the school district and its officials for the unconstitutional practice.
The letter states that students were instructed to stand and bow their heads for the prayer.
"In a case like this, it's so clearly unconstitutional I'd be surprised if the school pushed back and tried to defend it," said Monica Miller, the attorney with the AHA's Appignani Humanist Legal Center who wrote the letter.
Humanist philosophy abandons theistic and supernatural beliefs in pursuit of personal fulfillment through ethical living that serves "the greater good of humanity," according to the AHA's website.
The complaint came from an 11th-grade student who "felt compelled to stay at the assembly despite her sincere objection to school-sponsored prayers, because she feared the school would punish her if she attempted to leave," the letter reads.
The student chose to remain anonymous at this time, Miller said.
The letter was sent Nov. 18 to Morgan City High School Principal Mickey Fabre and Superintendent Don Aguillard, who were not available Tuesday afternoon for comment on the complaint.
Follow Lanie Lee Cook on Twitter, @lanieleecook.


text: Some people worship their Nike Air Max as if they are religious objects. The first model, the Air Max 1 (1987), has even reached Dalai-Lamastic status. That's how Nike and Italian agency Sartoria came up with the idea to ask Amsterdam trendwatcher and blogger Nalden to go on a journey in search of people that still remember how they experienced their first Air Max. On a dedicated Vimeo channel and a Nike Sportswear website, you can watch the 'IAMI Journey'. We do like the fact that Nike ventures into new forms of advertising and we especially like the tilt-shift, stop-motion videos that make Amsterdam look like a miniature city. However, it's a pity that the content is somewhat mediocre and doesn't feel authentic (all Nalden's friends in the first video wear brand new Air Max). Maybe a serious documentary, based on solid research, about the history of the Air Max 1 would have made better content. But then again, maybe we're not streetwise enough to fully understand how 'dope' this campaign is.


text:
News, Interviews, Live Streams, Upcoming Events, Tweets..
Sunday, January 10, 2016
Campaign Rally at Reno Events Center, Reno, NV - Jan 10, 2016
7 comments:
I wish I could get all of his speaches, raw uncensored & without edits. Usually the music and stuff been cut for copyright reasons, but I want the whole rally from beginning to the end. He's a legend and I hope he will be the President 2016. He should have his own camera team, and pay for the copyrighted music and give us fans all the rallys for free :)ReplyDeleteReplies
- AnonymousJanuary 10, 2016 at 1:16 PM
I totally agree! There is much more to Donald Trump than what we see during the speech and those who do not understand why he bonds so well with the supporters would see why he does. He loves the PEOPLE....and it shows, especially when he will talk one on one and sometimes call some up to hear what they think.Delete
Thank You Tom you're a great asset to DJT campaign. Your page is one of my resources for a group page on FB, your Rally coverage is great Once again Trump Nation Thanks You ... God Speed ... God Bless.ReplyDelete
Bruce Springsteen - Born in the U.S.A.ReplyDelete
TRUMP is great 100 percentReplyDelete
This is A Great Place o watch Trump Rallies. TRUMP 2016!!!ReplyDelete
Love The USA and MrTrump. Let's pray for our next president. The bible tells us to pray for our leaders and I pray for him. Take a second or two and pray for him he is a good man and means well.ReplyDelete


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 7, 2011
|Filing date
|Sep 25, 2006
|Priority date
|Sep 25, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lawrence Der
|Original Assignee
|Silicon Laboratories Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (30), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (5), Classifications (10), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to short range wireless transmissions from electronic devices to broadcast receivers and, more particularly, to selecting channels for such short range transmissions to broadcast receivers.
Short range wireless communication systems have been used previously to provide communications between electronic devices and broadcast receivers. As with many communication systems, power and bandwidth are fundamental resources for such short range wireless communication systems, and these parameters can be selected to determine the performance and power requirements of a short range wireless communication system. Typically, the transmitter power is selected to be low so as to limit its range and its power requirements. One problem associated with these short range broadcasts to a broadcast receiver, however, is that interference from external broadcasts will interfere with the broadcast from the short range transmitter. It is desirable, therefore, to identify and select a channel that is not being used.
To identify open channels, one current system provides an RF (radio frequency) modulator to convert a composite signal to an RF channel selected using a scanning receiver. The scanning receiver locates RF channels that are not in use by broadcast stations in a particular geographic area. These unused stations are identified by determining channels having signal-to-noise ratios below a threshold value indicative of an open or unused channel. When used for short range broadcasts, such unused channels typically do not exhibit the hissing or muting associated with a channel containing even a weak external broadcast signal. Unfortunately, unused channels are becoming increasingly difficult to locate due to the overpopulation of broadcast stations occupying the set number of channels available.
Some current devices, such as portable music players, portable DVD players, and other electronic devices, are often combined with OEM (original equipment manufacturer) or after-market electronics that allow the devices to transmit media content on broadcast channels within a frequency band. One example of such a solution is the use of an FM transmitter in combination with portable media players to allow the media content to be broadcast from the portable device to a local receiver through short range FM broadcasts.
One common environment in which FM transmitters are often utilized is with respect to automobile electronics. A portable music player, satellite receiver, DVD player, or other electronic device can transmit media content to the car entertainment systems through FM transmissions so that wires are not needed. For example, an FM broadcast receiver within a car can be tuned to an open channel, and an FM transmitter can be tuned to transmit on this same channel. As such, the audio content on the portable player can be played through the car's audio system. Unfortunately, external radio broadcasts can interfere with this process, especially if a user is traveling by car, for example, while using such a device and coming within range of different broadcasts over the FM band.
Because unused or open channels are becoming more and more difficult to find, an improved short range transmission system is needed for allowing a user to better determine and select what channel or channels to use when employing short range broadcasts.
Methods and systems for selecting channels for short range transmissions to broadcast receivers are disclosed. In one embodiment, a transmitter provides short range transmissions to a broadcast receiver configured to receive and tune channels within a signal spectrum. Channels within the broadcast signal spectrum are scanned, and an indication of received signal strength is obtained for each channel. The received signal strength indications can then be compared to a threshold power level that correlates to the power of the particular transmitter. This threshold power level, in particular, can correlate to a signal level that the transmitter will be capable of overpowering based upon the transmission power of the transmitter. The channel scanning process results in an indication of one or more channels that have received signal strengths below the threshold power level of the transmitter. If desired, a receiver and a transmitter can be integrated within the same integrated circuit, and the integrated receiver can be utilized to scan channels within the signal spectrum. In addition, the receiver and transmitter can be configured to operate in the FM broadcast band. As described below, other features and variations can be implemented, if desired, and related systems and methods can be utilized, as well.
It is noted that the appended drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
Methods and systems are described herein for identifying and selecting transmission channels for short range transmission to broadcast receivers. Channels within the broadcast signal spectrum are scanned to identify channels having a received signal strength below a threshold power level that correlates to the transmission power of the transmitter. These channels can then be selected and used for short range broadcasts.
As discussed in more detail below, the RSSI scan processing circuitry 110 operates to determine what channels within a signal spectrum have signal strengths below a threshold power level that correlates to the transmission power of the transmitter 104. Because unused or open channels are becoming difficult to locate, the RSSI scan processing circuitry 110 attempts to locate channels having signals that can be overpowered by the transmitter 104 based upon its particular transmission power. Thus, depending upon how transmitter 104 is designed and the transmission power it uses in operation, one or more channels may have low enough signal strengths such that transmitter 104 will be able to overpower them through its short range transmissions. As such, used channels can be selected and utilized by the system.
As depicted, the transmitter 104 and the receiver 108 are integrated within the same transceiver integrated circuit 102. It is noted, however, that the transmitter 104 and receiver 108 are not required to be integrated together in order to take advantage of the RSSI scan and threshold power level comparison technique described herein. In addition, content to be broadcast can originate from a variety of sources including an external source such as external audio content 115 and an internal sources such as the receiver 108.
As discussed above, the receiver 108 scans a plurality of channels within the broadcast signal spectrum to determine channels having an RSSI below a threshold power level associated with the transmitter 104. In particular, the channels are scanned for receive power less than or equal to X watts, wherein X is a threshold power level that correlates to the transmission strength of the transmitter 104. In particular, X represents the power level of the channel energy at which transmitter 104 will be able to overpower the noise or signal energy on the particular channel and achieve adequate transmission over that channel. In other words, an RSSI level below X means that the transmitter 104 will be able to effectively overpower the channel energy and achieve a good quality signal connection with the external audio system 204. An RSSI level above X means that the transmitter 104 will not be able to overpower the channel energy and a poor quality signal connection will result. In operation, the signal spectrum or band can be scanned one time or continuously over time to find channels with a received power less than or equal to the threshold value X.
In contrast with prior solutions, the current threshold power level based approach of the present invention allows the use of non-open channels. Proper transmission and reception can be achieved over such channels even though they may have weak broadcast signals or noise because a determination is made that the transmit power of the transmitter 104 will be adequate to overpower or dominate these weak signals with respect to short range transmissions to audio system 204. Initially, an indication of received signal strength for each channel is determined. The received signal strength for each channel is then compared to the threshold power level. An indication of one or more channels that have RSSI values below the threshold value are output. In addition, it is noted that a first channel and/or all of the located usable channels can be recorded or stored in a memory device within the transceiver integrated circuit 102 or within the audio system 204 or both. These identified channels are then used for short range transmission between transceiver 102 and audio system 204.
The broadcast receiver 202 also receives external broadcasts 220 in addition to short range transmission 101 via antenna 210. As indicated above, the audio system 204 can be configured to communicate with the transceiver 102 to receive channel RSSI information from channel selection circuitry 106 through connection 208. When a channel has been selected for the short range transmissions 101, the transmitter 104 can transmit audio content to audio system 204 for output through speakers 206. It is noted that the audio content can be audio content 115 delivered to the transceiver 102 for short range transmissions. For example, where the audio content is from a portable music player, this audio content can be provided to transceiver 102 as audio content 115.
It is also noted that the receiver 108, the transmitter 104, and the receiver 202 can be configured to operate within then same signal spectrum, and this signal spectrum can be, for example, a terrestrial audio broadcast band, such as the FM audio broadcast band. As such, the transceiver 102 uses receiver 108 to receive and tune the FM channels for purpose of the RSSI scan process. The transceiver 102 uses transmitter 104 to transmit desired content on an FM channel. And audio system 204 tunes its receiver 202 to the proper FM channel so as to receive this audio content. The broadcast receiver, therefore, may be designed to receive commercial broadcasts, such as AM/FM terrestrial broadcasts and/or satellite broadcasts.
The transmitter 204 could also be provided with dynamic transmit power capabilities. As such, the transmitter 204 can be adjusted by control circuitry 105 on the integrated circuit 102 such that its transmit power is not constant but varies based upon control signals. This operation could be advantageous in that the transmit power level of the transmitter 204 could be adjusted so that it is strong enough to overcome the signal strength determined to be on a desired transmission channel, but not so strong as to waste power. With the current desire for portable devices to operate on battery power and to maintain battery life, reduced power consumption is typically advantageous. By applying dynamic transmit power to the transmitter 204, power can be conserved when it is not needed to overcome low signal levels on the desired transmit channels, and power can be increased when it is needed to overcome stronger signal levels. In other words, the transmit power can be adjusted to be a minimum power level required for transmission on a usable channel, allowing a user to conserve power by operating at a minimum required power level instead of a fixed power level. This power level adjustment can be done manually by the user, or can be automatically adjusted once a required power level is determined based upon the determined threshold level of a broadcast signal. Because the present invention contemplates a threshold power level that is associated with the transmit power of the transmitter rather than some objective threshold value tied to a representation of an open or unused channel, as done in prior art solutions, the present invention allows for advantageous use of non-open channels, as well as dynamic application of transmit power.
If desired, the system can then continuously monitor the current channel or monitor the current channel in discrete intervals or at desired times to discover whether the current transmit channel is still suitable for transmission. This determination is represented by decision step 424 where a determination is made regarding whether a current transmit channel is still suitable for transmission. If "Yes," then transmissions continue on the current transmission channel as represented by the arrow going back to step 422. If "No," the flow moves back to process step 408 where the scan process repeats.
As described above, the threshold value correlates to a power level for the transmitter that will provide the short range transmissions. As a result of the RSSI scan and comparison, an indication of one or more channels having received signal strengths below the threshold value can be output and utilized. For example, information can be sent to the external audio system to let the system know which channel the transmitter will transmit on and/or or allow the external audio system to determine which channel will be used for short range transmissions. As such, the audio system can automatically switch channels to a desired transmit channel, if it is not currently on the transmit channel. If desired, the audio system could automatically select the channel for short range transmissions and communicate with the transmitter to indicate the channel that should be used. This automated operation helps to eliminate the need for any user interaction in changing channels so that the short range transmissions will be effective. It is noted that user interaction or involvement in the channel selection process could still be provided, if desired.
Further modifications and alternative embodiments of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. It will be recognized, therefore, that the present invention is not limited by these example arrangements. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the manner of carrying out the invention. It is to be understood that the forms of the invention herein shown and described are to be taken as the presently preferred embodiments. Various changes may be made in the implementations and architectures. For example, equivalent elements may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein, and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently of the use of other features, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 30, 1989
|Dec 17, 1991
|Ford Motor Company
|Signal-to-noise ratio indicating circuit for fm receivers
|Mar 16, 1993
|Jun 7, 1994
|Recoton Corporation
|Wireless CD/automobile radio adapter
|Apr 29, 1994
|Dec 9, 1997
|Norand Corporation
|Hierarchical communications system using microlink, data rate switching, frequency hopping and vehicular local area networking
|Sep 26, 1996
|Jan 19, 1999
|Thomas Consumer Electronics, Inc.
|Multiple broadcast channel transmitter arrangment
|Sep 20, 1996
|Feb 2, 1999
|Ericsson Inc.
|Audio-output for a portable radio telephone utilizing a vehicle's AM/FM radio
|Oct 7, 1998
|Oct 19, 1999
|Sony Corporation
|Transmitter and automobile audio apparatus using the same
|Mar 10, 1998
|Feb 8, 2000
|Cd Radio Inc.
|Satellite broadcast receiver system
|Mar 10, 1999
|May 14, 2002
|Cirrus Logic, Inc.
|Station scan method and apparatus for radio receivers
|Apr 2, 1999
|Jul 23, 2002
|Interval Research Corporation
|Inductively coupled wireless system and method
|Mar 5, 1999
|Dec 10, 2002
|Xm Satellite Radio Inc.
|System for providing signals from an auxiliary audio source to a radio receiver using a wireless link
|Jun 21, 2002
|Aug 24, 2004
|Neuros Audio L.L.C.
|Wireless output input device player
|Nov 7, 2002
|Oct 26, 2004
|Xm Satellite Radio Inc.
|System for providing signals from an auxiliary audio source to a radio receiver using a wireless link
|Dec 20, 2002
|Jun 13, 2006
|General Motors Corporation
|Radio frequency selection method and system for audio channel output
|Jul 3, 2002
|Jul 11, 2006
|Unwired Technology Llc
|Multiple channel wireless communication system
|Jul 11, 2001
|Jul 25, 2006
|Niko Drakoulis
|Wireless audio transmission method and apparatus for coupling audio players to audio receivers
|Jun 23, 2000
|Sep 12, 2006
|Nokia Mobile Phones Limited
|Transmitter and a modulator therefor
|Sep 28, 2004
|Apr 7, 2009
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|End-point based approach for determining network status in a wireless local area network
|Jun 27, 2005
|Aug 11, 2009
|Intel Corporation
|Media distribution system
|Sep 6, 2001
|Sep 26, 2002
|Hongbing Gan
|Approach for selecting communications channels based on performance
|Aug 31, 2001
|Mar 6, 2003
|Dolman Rodney A.
|Digital format U.S. commercial FM broadcast system
|Aug 20, 2002
|Feb 26, 2004
|Jukka Rcunamaki
|Carrier sensing multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme optimized for a priori known carrier usage for low duty cycle systems
|Dec 8, 2003
|Jun 17, 2004
|Thielen Kurt R.
|Handheld portable wireless digital content player
|Nov 26, 2003
|Aug 19, 2004
|University Of Florida
|Method and system for broadcasting via phase-shift keying modulation with multiple transmit antennas
|Apr 25, 2003
|Nov 11, 2004
|Apple Computer, Inc.
|Media player system
|Jan 4, 2006
|Jul 13, 2006
|Neuro Solution Corp.
|Adapter device for car radio
|Jun 20, 2006
|Oct 19, 2006
|Tetsuro Motoyama
|System, computer program product and method for managing and controlling a local network of electronic devices
|May 15, 2006
|Dec 14, 2006
|Brima Ibrahim
|Method and system for FM communication
|Jul 28, 2006
|Mar 29, 2007
|Neuro Solution Corp.
|Fm transmitter
|Nov 30, 2005
|May 31, 2007
|D Amico Thomas V
|Method and apparatus for broadcast in an AD HOC network with dynamic selection of relay nodes
|Mar 23, 2007
|Jul 5, 2007
|Rusty Everett
|FM Transmitter for an MP3 Player
|PCT/US2007/017946, "International Search Report" Jan. 18, 2008.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 2010
|May 14, 2013
|Wistron Neweb Corporation
|Wireless transmitter and related multimedia system
|Dec 15, 2009
|Aug 13, 2013
|Marvell International Ltd.
|Quiet spot detection for FM transmission
|Nov 15, 2013
|Jul 21, 2015
|Motorola Solutions, Inc.
|Geo-location based dynamic uplink traffic channel allocation
|Nov 30, 2007
|Jul 10, 2008
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Audio output system and method for information processing terminal
|Jun 30, 2010
|Feb 3, 2011
|Cheng-Hsiung Hsu
|Wireless transmitter and related multimedia system
|U.S. Classification
|455/41.2, 455/161.3, 455/134, 455/226.2, 455/69, 455/522
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 25, 2006
Owner name: SILICON LABORATORIES INC., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DER, LAWRENCE;REEL/FRAME:018340/0700
Effective date: 20060914
|Nov 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


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text: I saw this article earlier this week on New Times. We posted about YNOT's tragic death a while back and since then we've definitely seen his influence and the admiration he really had in the South Florida graff scene. Especially by his brothers in the MSG Crew. The article goes in depth into his life before becoming a graff-head and tattoo artist. And also goes on the journey of firsthand accounts of what YNOT the person was. The article has its controversial elements and stigmas, but you know what, that's neither here nor there. Its an objective view to a life of a young man that "could've been", but now, never will be. If you're a fan of Miami and South Florida graffiti, shit…or just a hip-hop head at heart, read this article. Click here to do so.


text: 2. As of noon trading, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing ( TSM) is up $0.10 (0.6%) to $17.68 on light volume. Thus far, 1.6 million shares of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing exchanged hands as compared to its average daily volume of 9.9 million shares. The stock has ranged in price between $17.67-$17.78 after having opened the day at $17.70 as compared to the previous trading day's close of $17.58. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited engages in the computer-aided design, manufacture, packaging, testing, sale, and marketing of integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing has a market cap of $91.2 billion and is part of the technology sector. The company has a P/E ratio of 16.7, below the S&P 500 P/E ratio of 17.7. Shares are up 2.5% year to date as of the close of trading on Wednesday. Currently there are 2 analysts that rate Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing a buy, no analysts rate it a sell, and 1 rates it a hold. TheStreet Ratings rates Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing as a buy. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its revenue growth, largely solid financial position with reasonable debt levels by most measures, notable return on equity, good cash flow from operations and growth in earnings per share. Although no company is perfect, currently we do not see any significant weaknesses which are likely to detract from the generally positive outlook. Get the full Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Ratings Report now. 3x UPSIDE POTENTIAL: TheStreet Quant Ratings has identified a handful of stocks that can potentially TRIPLE in the next 12-months. Learn more.


text:
Tech News on G4
Outdoor Tech Adapt makes any headphones or speakers wireless
May 28, 2014
By Greg Gazin - Apple Gazin' - G4 Canada
back to -|- Tech News index -|- Greg Gazin column archive
You've invested in a great pair of headphones, but that was eons ago, long before wireless and perhaps before in-line microphones. But you now have a dilemma. You'd like to take advantage of the latest wireless features but don't want to let go of your tried and true speakers or have to payout big bucks for something else. With Outdoor Tech's Adapt, you won't necessarily have to.
In fact the Outdoor Tech Adapt is a Bluetooth headphone adapter that will make anything that has a 3.5mm audio jack wireless - whether it's your favourite set of well-worn headphones or the earbuds from your iPod Touch. Adapt also ports a built-in sports clip so while you might think it's designed to be clipped to your clothes or backpack, it isn't limited to things you wear on your head. You can even connect it to the set of speakers you have on your desk right now. Even better, you can connect it to your car's AUX-in to stream tunes from any Bluetooth enabled device through your car's speakers.
Adapt has a well made non-slip rugged rubberized shell so it can withstand the outdoors. Furthermore, it's small enough so that it can be clipped almost inconspicuously to your clothing but large enough and conveniently shaped to make the controls easily accessible.
Built-In Microphone
Adapt also has a built-in microphone, so when connected to your smartphone, you can make and take calls or choose to ignore them – just make sure Adapt is positioned to pick up your voice. Plus, connecting Adapt in your car can keep you from distracted driving by giving you a low-cost hands-free in-car speakerphone.
The microphone features noise suppression, echo elimination, and duplex sound. Most of the time it functioned as advertised, but callers on occasion complained of some tininess on the call when connected to the Adapt.
Another feature I found cool is that it will automatically pair with a previously connected device so you don't have to keep pairing over and over again.
I found the sound was ok - for the most part. Remember it is Bluetooth, so it has to rely on the signal which means there can be a bit of noise, the occasional lag, and it's not as crisp as a direct connect. At the risk of sounding old school, it's more like an FM Radio. Plus, it's also Bluetooth 2.1 and not the latest and more advanced 4.0.
Easy to Use
It's easy to use. The centre button with the Sasquatch motif acts as a multi-function button. It's a power button, a pairing button and a phone answer button. You can also use it for voice dialing and redial. There's an added bonus for iPhone users; you can enable Siri by holding it down for two seconds. The other controls, volume, track etc. are fairly standard.
Behind the Sasquatch are two LED indicators. Red illuminates while charging, blue when fully charged, and a flashing red means low battery. There's no way to tell exactly how much battery charge is actually left.
One issue it might not resolve, but it has nothing to do with Adapt, is if your favourite old headphones have a really long cable. You'll still need to connect to Adapt, so you'll need to tuck the cable somewhere.
Proprietary Charging Cable
One misstep I think the company took was with ADAPT USB charging cable. It has a standard USB connector on one end and a proprietary USB connector on the other end. As the Gadget Guy I have a plethora of connectors of various shapes and vintages, but this one I don't have. Consequently, if you lose the cable, you're hooped. You will however get about 5 hours of play on a full charge from its Lithium-ion rechargeable battery.
Flexible & Functional
Adapt does give you the freedom and flexibility of not being tethered to your smartphone or mp3 player if you prefer to keep it in your backpack or purse or tucked inside a coat pocket. Since it's Bluetooth enabled, in theory, you could stream your music to up to 10m away, although in practice, it's not likely realistic.
Overall, from a functionally perspective, Outdoor Tech Adapt does the job well - giving you wireless functionality including a microphone where one didn't exist before. It's great if you're out and about on a run. Furthermore, the ability to free up your hands and easily stream sounds to your car speakers is a huge bonus.
Outdoor Tech Adapt comes in five colours - orange, yellow, pink, sky blue and black and retails for $39.95. You can find it at London Drugs and Chapters/Indigo.
Rating: 3.8 / 5
Greg Gazin can be reached at
gadgetguy "at" telus "dot" net
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About G4 in Canada
G4 launched on September 7, 2001 as the ultimate television resource for technology news, information and entertainment. Co-owned by G4, Rogers Media Inc. and Shaw Communications Inc., G4 is Canada's first television channel 100% dedicated to technology, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The channel features the latest technology news, information and entertainment in an exciting and high-energy format. G4 is available on digital cable and satellite.