text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 7, 2012
|Filing date
|Feb 26, 2007
|Priority date
|Feb 26, 2007
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Silviu-Petru Cucerzan, Mike Schultz
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (50), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (11), Classifications (5), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The ability to identify named entities, such as people and locations, within a document, has been established as an important task in areas such as topic detection and tracking, machine translation, and information retrieval. A user may perform a search of the Web or another resource for a particular person, place, or other specific entity, by entering a string of text characters that constitutes an orthographic representation of a common name for the entity, as a query in a search engine. However, this string of text may also refer to other, unrelated entities or meanings that are irrelevant to the intended search results, while many relevant references may use other variations on the orthographic representation of the entity, and thereby be missed by the search engine given the particular string of text. For example, a search based on the string of text "George W. Bush" might return results that instead reference the earlier American president, George H. W. Bush, or George Bush International Airport in Houston, the aircraft carrier George H. W. Bush, other famous people, places, or entities with "Bush" in their name, or to a literal "bush" or shrub as a category of plant. A search may also miss alternate "surface forms", or alternate orthographic references to the same intended entity, such as a reference with an abbreviated, alternate, casual, or other context-specific form of the name of the intended entity. For instance, alternate surface forms for George W. Bush that are used in various documents available on the Web may include "President Bush", "Bush 43", or even an orthographically unrelated term such as "Dubya". Other Web-available references might reference Ronald Reagan as "The Gipper" or Abraham Lincoln as "Honest Abe". Any of these documents might contain valuable information that would be desirable to include in search results for a search for the respective entities, but may be missed using a search for a string of text that represents the standard surface form for representing the respective entities. It would therefore be highly desirable to identify text references to particular named entities consistently with all the various surface forms in which such references may occur.
While the intended entity for an ambiguous surface form might be quite clear to many informed readers due to context in some instances, for example "Bush delivered his State of the Union address to Congress", many other instances may be more ambiguous, e.g., "Bush delivered the commencement address at the university". In the latter example, the surface form "Bush" may actually refer to former president George H. W. Bush or to former Florida governor Jeb Bush, for example, and readers unfamiliar with the event covered would not be able to resolve it correctly. In addition, with text content distributed around the world on the Internet, it is to be expected that many readers of any content might be from backgrounds that do not dispose them to understand the entire context that a writer would take for granted. An effective way to provide explicit disambiguation of ambiguous surface forms for specific entities would therefore fulfill a broad and persistent need.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
A novel system for automatically indicating the specific identity of ambiguous named entity mentions is provided. An automatic disambiguation data collection may be created using a reference resource. Explicit named entities may be catalogued from the reference resource, together with various abbreviated, alternative, and casual ways of referring to the named entities. Entity indicators, such as labels and/or context indicators associated with the named entities in the reference resource, may also be catalogued. The automatic disambiguation collection may then be used as a basis for evaluating ambiguous references to named entities in text content provided in different applications. The content surrounding the ambiguous reference may be compared with the entity indicators to find a good match, indicating that the named entity associated with the matching entity indicators is the intended identity of the ambiguous reference, which may be automatically provided to a user. A computing device may therefore provide unambiguous indications of the particular named entity referred to by potentially ambiguous surface forms in various documents.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background.
Software system 100 is enabled to disambiguate a polysemic surface form and associate an entity to it, from among different named entities, such as persons, places, institutions, specific objects or events, or are otherwise referred to with proper names. Named entities are often referred to with a variety of surface forms, which may for example be made up of abbreviated, alternative, and casual ways of referring to the named entities. One surface form may also refer to very different entities. For example, different instances of the surface form "Java" may be annotated with different entity disambiguations, to refer to "Java (island)", "Java (programming language)", "Java (coffee)", etc., in one exemplary embodiment. A user interested in gaining information about the island of Java will therefore be able to reliably and easily home in on only those references that actually refer to the island of Java, in this example. Any document may be interpreted as a collection of references to particular named entities, so that the named entities can be dealt with directly for navigating and using the information contained in the documents. For example, a user selection of a surface form may lead to a Web search, a news search, or a search of an indexed collection of documents, for the entity indicated by the surface form, in different embodiments.
For example, in the illustrative embodiment of
Reference named entity record 123 illustrates one example of a reference named entity in named entity reference database 121 that may be pointed to by one of the named entities 111 associated with reference surface form record 103. Reference named entity record 123 is for the named entity 127, "Space Shuttle Columbia", and is associated with a variety of entity indicators. The entity indicators include labels 131 and context indicators 133, in this illustrative embodiment. The labels 131 illustratively include "crewed spacecraft", "space program fatalities", "space shuttles", and "space shuttle missions", while the context indicators 133 illustratively include "NASA", "Kennedy Space Center", "orbital fleet", "Columbia Accident Investigation Board", "Spacelab", and "Hubble Service Mission", in the embodiment of
In one illustrative embodiment, a user may use a pointer 203 to indicate or select a surface form, such as by manipulating a mouse or trackball to move pointer 203 in position over a surface form, such as by clicking on the surface form, or merely by hovering the pointer 203 over the surface form, in different embodiments.
For example, when surface form 213, "Columbia", is selected, the disambiguation system provides a disambiguation output 223, which reads "Space Shuttle Columbia", referring to the specific surface form and named entity illustratively depicted in the reference surface form record 103 and the reference named entity record 123 in
How the disambiguation system works, to provide the disambiguation outputs 221, 223, 225, 227, and 229 respectively for the selected surface forms 211, 213, 215, 217, and 219, according to one illustrative embodiment, is depicted in reference to an illustrative method 300 in
According to the illustrative embodiment of
Procedure 321 includes step 331, of identifying a surface form of a named entity in a text, wherein the surface form is associated in a surface form reference with one or more reference named entities, and each of the reference named entities is associated in a named entity reference with one or more entity indicators.
Procedure 321 further includes step 333, of evaluating one or more measures of correlation among one or more of the entity indicators, and the text; step 335, of identifying one of the reference named entities for which the associated entity indicators have a relatively high correlation to the text, where a correlation may be relatively high if it is higher than a correlation with at least one alternative, for example; and step 337, of providing a disambiguation output that indicates the identified reference named entity to be associated with the surface form of the named entity in the text. Step 333 may include using labels alone, context indicators alone, both labels and context indicators, other entity indicators, or any combination of the above, as the entity indicators used for evaluating correlation. The disambiguation process therefore uses the data associated with the known surface forms identified in the information resource, and any of a wide variety of possible entity disambiguations in the information resource, to promote the capacity for automatic indications of high correlation between information from a text that mentions a surface form of a named entity, and the labels and context indicators stored in a named entity reference for that named entity, so that the reference to it in the document can be easily, automatically, reliably disambiguated.
Different embodiments may use different particular steps for any part of procedure 301, and are not limited to the particular examples provided in connection with
Referring again to step 311, the information resources used for extracting the reference surface forms and entity indicators associated with named entities, may include a variety of reference sources, such as an electronic encyclopedia, a web publication, a website or related group of websites, a directory, an atlas, or a citation index, for example. Different embodiments may use any combination of these information resources, and are not limited to these examples, but may also include any other type of information resource.
For example, in one illustrative embodiment, an electronic encyclopedia may be used as an information resource from which to extract the information referred to in method 300. The electronic encyclopedia may be distributed and accessed on a local storage device, such as a DVD, a set of CDs, a hard drive, a flash memory chip, or any other type of memory device, or it may be distributed and accessed over a network connection, such as over the Internet, or a wide area network, for example. In another embodiment, the information resource may include a website, such as that of a large news organization, library, university, government department, academic society, or research database. In another embodiment, the information resource may include a large research citation website or a website for uploading drafts of research papers, for example. In other embodiments, the information resource may include a selected set of websites, such as a group of science-oriented government websites that includes the content of the websites for NASA, the NOAA, the Department of Energy, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institutes of Health, for example. Other embodiments are not limited to these illustrative examples, but may include any other type of information resource from which the appropriate information may be extracted.
In one illustrative embodiment, an electronic encyclopedia may include various encyclopedia entries, articles, or other documents about a variety of different named entities that include "Colombia", "Columbia University", "Columbia River", "Space Shuttle Columbia", and so forth. The names for these named entities may serve as the titles for the articles in the encyclopedia. As procedure 301 of preparing the automatic disambiguation system is being performed, the information is extracted from the article entitled "Colombia (nation)", including an indication that it is sometimes referred to under the spelling "Columbia". A reference named entity record entitled "Colombia" is created in the named entity reference database 121, and the reference named entity "Colombia (nation)", associated with the reference named entity, is added to a reference surface form record for the surface form "Columbia" in a surface form reference database 101. Similarly, information is extracted from a document about "Columbia University" in the electronic encyclopedia to create a reference named entity record for "Columbia University", with the reference named entity added to the record for reference surface form "Columbia", information is extracted from an entry in the electronic encyclopedia entitled "Space Shuttle Columbia" to add the corresponding reference named entity record in the named entity reference database and an associated addition to the record for reference surface form "Columbia", and so forth. The different steps 311 and 313 may be repeated iteratively for each document or other information resource from which information such as surface forms and entity indicators are extracted, or information from several documents may be extracted and then stored together, for example; the different aspects of procedure 301 may be performed in any order.
Each of the named entities extracted from an information resource may be stored with associations to several surface forms. For example, the title of an article or other document may be extracted as a surface form for the named entity to which it is directed. A named entity may often be referred to by a surface form that unambiguously identifies it, and may have a document in the information resource that is entitled with that unambiguous name. The title of an encyclopedia article may also have a distinguishing characteristic added to the title, to keep the nature of the document free from ambiguity. For example, an article in an electronic encyclopedia on the U.S. state of Georgia may be entitled "Georgia (U.S. state)", while another article may be entitled "Georgia (country)". Both of these may be extracted as named entities, with both of them associated with the surface form "Georgia".
Information for the entity indicators may be collected at the same time as for surface forms. In this case, for example, the other information in these document titles could be stored among the labels 131 for the respective reference named entity records, so that the reference named entity record on "Georgia (U.S. state)" includes the label "U.S. state" and the reference named entity record on "Georgia (country)" includes the label "country". The labels may constitute classifying identifiers applied to the respective named entities in the encyclopedia or other information source.
An electronic encyclopedia may also include documents such as a redirect entry or a disambiguation entry. For example, it may have a redirect entry for "NYC" so that if a user enters the term "New York City" in a lookup field, the "NYC" redirect page automatically redirects the user to an article on New York City. This information could therefore be extracted to provide a reference named entity record for New York City with an associated surface form of "NYC". Similarly, the surface form "Washington" and an associated context indicator of "D.C." can be extracted from a document entitled "Washington, D.C." Context indicators are discussed further below.
Another feature an electronic encyclopedia may use is a disambiguation page. For example, the encyclopedia may have a disambiguation page for the term "Washington" that appears if someone enters just the term "Washington" in a lookup field. The disambiguation page may provide a list of different options that the ambiguous term may refer to, with links to the specific documents about each of the specific named entities, which may include "Washington, D.C.", "Washington (U.S. state)", "George Washington", and so forth. Information could therefore be extracted from this disambiguation page of the information resource for reference named entity records for each of the specific named entities listed, with a surface form of "Washington" recorded for each of them, and with context indicators extracted for each of the named entities based on the elaboration to the term "Washington" used to distinguish the different documents linked to on the disambiguation page.
Various other sources may also be used for extracting label and context information for the reference named entity records. For example, different entries in the electronic encyclopedia may include category indicator tags, and the encyclopedia may include a separate page for a category, showing all the entries that are included in that category. For example, the entries for "Florida" and "Georgia (U.S. state)" may both include category tags labeled "Category: U.S. States". The encyclopedia may also include separate pages for lists, such as a page entitled, "List of the states in the United States of America", with each entry on the list linked to the individual encyclopedia entry for that state.
Labels are not limited to the particular examples discussed above, such as title information, categories and other types of tags, and list headings, but may also include section names or sub-headings within another article, or a variety of other analogous labeling information.
Context indicators are other types of entity indicators that may be extracted from an electronic encyclopedia or other information resource and applied to respective named entities, either alone or together with labels, among other combinations, in different embodiments. Context indicators may include attributes such as elements of text associated with their respective named entities, by means of an association such as proximity in the title of an article in an encyclopedia or other type of information resource, proximity to the name of the named entity in the text of an entry or article, or inclusion in a link to or from another entry directed to another named entity in the information resource, for example. As examples of linking context indicators, an article about the Space Shuttle Columbia may include a reference to its serving mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, with the phrase "Hubble Space Telescope" linked to an article on the same; while another article on the Kennedy Space Center may include a reference to the "Space Shuttle Columbia" with a link to that article. The titles of articles linking both to and from the article on the space shuttle Columbia may be extracted as context indicators in the named entity reference record for "Space Shuttle Columbia". Other types of context indicators may also be used, that are not limited to these illustrative examples.
Context indicators and labels may both provide valuable indicators of what particular named entity is intended with a given surface form. For example, the electronic encyclopedia may include an article that contains both the surface forms "Discovery" and "Columbia". Their inclusion in the same article, or their proximity to each other within the article, may be taken as a context indicator of related content, so that each term is recorded as a context indicator associated with the named entity reference of the other term, under the specific named entity reference records for "Space Shuttle Discovery" and "Space Shuttle Columbia" in the named entity reference database. Additionally, both terms may appear in an article entitled "Space shuttles", and they both may link to several other articles that have a high rate of linking with each other, and with links to and from the article entitled "Space shuttles". These different aspects may be translated into context indicators recorded in the named entity references, such as a context indicator for the term "space shuttle" in both of the named entity reference records. It may also be used to weight the context indicators, such as by giving greater weight to context indicators with a relatively higher number of other articles that also have links in common with both the named entity and the entity indicator.
Weighting the relevance of different entity indicators may also take the form of weighting some entity indicators at zero. This may be the case if a very large amount of potential entity indicators are available, and certain criteria are used to screen out identity indicators that are predicted to be less relevant. For example, context indicators may be extracted and recorded to a named entity reference record only if they are involved in an article linked from the article for the named entity that also links back to the article for the named entity, or if the article for a candidate context indicator shares a threshold number of additional articles to which it and the article for the named entity share mutual links. Techniques such as these can effectively filter candidate context indicators to keep unhelpful indicators out of the named entity reference record.
Additionally, both the "Space Shuttle Discovery" and "Space Shuttle Columbia" articles in the electronic encyclopedia may include category tags for "Category: Crewed Spacecraft" and "Category: Space Shuttles". They may both also include a list tag for "List of Astronautical Topics". These category and list tags and other potential tags may be extracted as labels for the named entity references for both named entities. The quantity of different labels and context indicators in common between the two named entity references could contribute to a measure of correlation or similarity between the two named entity references.
Returning to procedure 321, with the automatic disambiguation system prepared by procedure 301, it is ready to use to disambiguate named entities in a subject text. This subject text may be from a web browser, a fixed-layout document application, an email application, a word processing application, or any other application that deals with the presentation of text output.
Procedure 321 may also include some pre-processing steps to facilitate identifying the surface forms of named entities. For example, the system may split a document into sentences and truecase the beginning of each sentence, hypothesizing whether the first word is part of an entity or it is capitalized because of orthographic conventions. It may also identify titles and hypothesize the correct case for words in the titles.
In a second stage of pre-processing the text, a statistical named-entity recognizer may identify boundaries of mentions of the named entities in the text, and assign each set of mentions sharing the same surface form a probability distribution over named entity labels, such as Person, Location, Organization, and Miscellaneous.
In this illustrative embodiment, the named entity recognition component may also resolve structural ambiguity with regard to conjunctions (e.g., "The Ways and Means Committee", "Lewis and Clark"), possessives (e.g., "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland", "Britain's Tony Blair"), and prepositional attachment (e.g., "Whitney Museum of American Art", "Whitney Museum in New York") by using surface form information extracted from the information resource, when available, with back-off to co-occurrence counts on the Web. The back-off method can be applied recursively, as follows: for each ambiguous term T0 of the form T1 Particle T2, where Particle is one of a possessive pronoun, a coordinative conjunction, or a preposition, optionally followed by a determiner, and the terms T1 and T2 are sequences of capitalized words and particles, a web search can be performed on the search query ""T1" "T2"", which yields only search results in which the whole terms T1 and T2 appear. A collection of the top search results, for example the first 200, may be evaluated to see how many also include the term T0, as a test of whether T0 is a reference to one single entity, or if T1 and T2 are two separate entities conjoined in context.
In a third stage of pre-processing the text, shorter or abbreviated surface forms may be resolved to longer forms. It is not uncommon for a named entity to be introduced in a document in a longer, formal version of the name of the entity, and for at least some subsequent mentions of the entity to be made with abbreviated or more casual surface forms. For example, a text may introduce a reference to the named entity "Franklin Delano Roosevelt", and then make several subsequent references to the more abbreviated or casual surface forms, "Franklin Roosevelt", "President Roosevelt", "Roosevelt", or simply "FDR", though some subsequent references to the full name of the named entity may also be made. A regular pattern consistent with this usage in the threshold search results may be taken to indicate that a set of a longer named entity with component forms of the named entity is indeed a regular relationship between a named entity and surface forms of the named entity in the text. Therefore, before attempting to solve semantic ambiguity with subsequent steps of procedure 321, the system may hypothesize in-document co-references and map short surface forms to longer surface forms with the same dominant label. For example, "Roosevelt"/PERSON can be mapped to "Franklin Delano Roosevelt"/PERSON.
This is only one illustrative example of pre-processing named references and surface forms in a document. Additional pre-processing steps, such as for resolving acronyms may also be resolved in a similar manner when possible. The system is not limited to any particular pre-processing steps or to performing any pre-processing steps, in other embodiments.
Such pre-processing stages may be followed by extracting the contextual and category information from the information resource to disambiguate the entities in the subject text, following the steps of procedure 321. Procedure 321 may produce the disambiguation output in any of a variety of forms. For example, it may create hyperlinks in the subject text, from the named entities and surface forms of the named entities, to articles in the information resource directed to the named entities. Or, in another embodiment, the system may provide a pop-up disambiguation output box adjacent to a pointer when the user hovers a pointer over a surface form, as depicted in
In one illustrative embodiment, the disambiguation process may employ a vector space model, in which a vectorial representation of the processed document is compared with vectorial representations of the named entity references stored in the named entity database: Once the surface forms in a subject text are identified and the in-document co-references hypothesized, the system may retrieve all possible entity disambiguations of each surface form. Their entity indicators, such as the labels and context indicators that occur in the document, may be aggregated into a document vector, which is subsequently compared with named entity vectors representing the named entity references of various possible entity disambiguations, so that one or more measures of correlation between the vectors representing surface forms in the text and the vectors representing the entity indicators may be evaluated. One of the reference named entities may then be identified for a particular surface form, that maximizes the similarity between the document vector and the entity vectors. Or, in other embodiments, a reference named entity is identified that in some other way is found to have a high correlation to the surface form in the text, relative to other candidate named entities.
The illustrative example of maximizing the similarity of the vectors representing the surface form from the subject text, and the identified reference named entity, may be elaborated on as follows, in accordance with one illustrative embodiment. It may be well appreciated by those skilled in the art that a broad variety of other implementations may be analogous to or approximate to the illustrative implementation described here, within the scope of various embodiments; and furthermore that other embodiments may also be implemented with very substantial differences, that nevertheless accomplish the broad outlines of aspects of the present disclosure.
In this illustrative example, a vector space model may be used to evaluate measures of correlation or similarity between elements of a subject text and entity indicators. In this illustrative embodiment, formally, let C={c1, . . . , cM} be the set of known context indicators from the information resource, and T={t1, . . . , tN} be the set of known labels. An entity e can then be represented as a vector δeε{0,1}M+N, with two components, δe|Cε{0,1}M and δe|Tε{0,1}N, corresponding to the context information and category labels, respectively:
Let ε(s) denote the set of entities that are known to have a surface form s. For example, in
The goal in this illustrative embodiment is to find the assignment of entities to surface forms si
The agreement maximization process can be written as the following Equation 1:
where <.,.> denotes the scalar product of vectors.
One potential issue with Equation 1 is that an erroneous assignment of an entity to a surface form may interfere with the second term of Equation 1. This issue may be addressed with another strategy to account for category agreement, which reduces the impact of erroneous assignments in a computationally efficient manner, includes attempting to maximize agreement between the categories of the entity disambiguation of each surface form and the possible disambiguations of the other surface forms in the subject document or text. In one illustrative implementation, this may be equivalent to performing the following Equation 2:
Using the definition of
In this implementation, the maximization of the sum in Equation2 is equivalent to the maximization of each of its terms, which means that the computation reduces to
or equivalently,
The disambiguation process following this illustrative embodiment therefore may include two steps: first, it builds the extended document vector, and second, it maximizes the scalar products in Equation 3. In various embodiments, it is not necessary to build the document vector over all context indicators C, but only over the context indicators of the possible entity disambiguations of the surface forms in the document.
One illustrative embodiment may include normalizing the scalar products by the norms of the vectors, and thereby computing the cosine distance similarity. In another illustrative embodiment, following Equation 3, the scalar products are not normalized by the norms of the vectors, but rather, an implicit accounting is made for the frequency with which a surface form is used to mention various entities and for the importance of these entities, as indicated by entities that have longer articles in the information resource, that are mentioned more frequently in other articles, and that tend to have more category tags and other labels, according to an illustrative embodiment. A broad variety of other methods of evaluating the measures of similarity may be used in different embodiments, illustratively including Jensen-Shannon divergence, Kullback-Liebler divergence, mutual information, and a variety of other methods in other embodiments.
In some illustrative instances, one surface form can be used to mention two or more different entities within the same text or document. To account for such cases, the described disambiguation process may be performed iteratively in this embodiment for the surface forms that have two or more disambiguations with high similarity scores with the extended document vector. This may be done by iteratively shrinking the context used for the disambiguation of each instance of such a surface form from document level to paragraph level, and if necessary, to sentence level, for example. For example, in
In another illustrative implementation, a user may be able to indicate a subset of text to be evaluated for disambiguation of surface forms, where the subset may be selected from among a group of optional units of text such as a document, a page, a paragraph, a sentence, or a manually selected portion of text.
In yet another illustrative example, a number of different candidate surface forms that overlap each other may be identified in the same text, and the different candidate surface forms may be separately evaluated to identify one of the overlapping surface forms that is associated with one of the reference named entities in the surface form reference, for which the associated entity indicators have a relatively high correlation to the text. A disambiguation output may then be provided that indicates the identified surface form and the reference named entity associated with the identified surface form, in this illustrative implementation.
Various embodiments of software and methods for automatic disambiguation may be embodied as modules within applications, or as separate applications that act on other text-associated applications, or may take other forms relative to the document or other form of text on which they operate. An automatic disambiguation module or application may act upon text in any of a broad range of applications, which may illustratively include, but are not limited to: a word processing application, a presentation application, a spreadsheet application, a database application, an email application, an instant messaging application, an information manager application, a web page application, a web page editing application, a reference work application, a fixed-layout document application, a desktop publishing application, a diagramming application, a project management application, a form developer application, a customer relationship management application, an enterprise resource planning application, a field services application, a retail management application, a social networking application, a tax preparation application, a finance management application, an accounting application, and a game application, for example.
Computing system environment 400 as depicted in
Embodiments are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with various embodiments include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, telephony systems, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
Embodiments may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Some embodiments are designed to be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules are located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. As described herein, such executable instructions may be stored on a medium such that they are capable of being read and executed by one or more components of a computing system, thereby configuring the computing system with new capabilities.
With reference to
Computer 410 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 410 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computer 410. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.
The system memory 430 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 431 and random access memory (RAM) 432. A basic input/output system 433 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 410, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 431. RAM 432 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 420. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer 410 may also include other removable/non-removable volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example and not limitation,
The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
A user may enter commands and information into the computer 410 through input devices such as a keyboard 462, a microphone 463, and a pointing device 461, such as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 420 through a user input interface 460 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 491 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 421 via an interface, such as a video interface 490. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 497 and printer 496, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 495.
The computer 410 may be operated in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 480. The remote computer 480 may be a personal computer, a hand-held device, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 410. The logical connections depicted in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 410 is connected to the LAN 471 through a network interface or adapter 470. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 410 may include a modem 472 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 473, such as the Internet. The modem 472, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 421 via the user input interface 460, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 410, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,
Memory 504 is implemented as non-volatile electronic memory such as random access memory (RAM) with a battery back-up module (not shown) such that information stored in memory 504 is not lost when the general power to mobile device 500 is shut down. A portion of memory 504 is illustratively allocated as addressable memory for program execution, while another portion of memory 504 is illustratively used for storage, such as to simulate storage on a disk drive.
Memory 504 includes an operating system 512, application programs 514 as well as an object store 516. During operation, operating system 512 is illustratively executed by processor 502 from memory 504. Operating system 512, in one illustrative embodiment, is a WINDOWS� CE brand operating system commercially available from Microsoft Corporation. Operating system 512 is illustratively designed for mobile devices, and implements database features that can be utilized by applications 514 through a set of exposed application programming interfaces and methods. The objects in object store 516 are maintained by applications 514 and operating system 512, at least partially in response to calls to the exposed application programming interfaces and methods.
Communication interface 508 represents numerous devices and technologies that allow mobile device 500 to send and receive information. The devices include wired and wireless modems, satellite receivers and broadcast tuners to name a few. Mobile device 500 can also be directly connected to a computer to exchange data therewith. In such cases, communication interface 508 can be an infrared transceiver or a serial or parallel communication connection, all of which are capable of transmitting streaming information.
Input/output components 506 include a variety of input devices such as a touch-sensitive screen, buttons, rollers, and a microphone as well as a variety of output devices including an audio generator, a vibrating device, and a display. The devices listed above are by way of example and need not all be present on mobile device 500. In addition, other input/output devices may be attached to or found with mobile device 500.
Mobile computing system 500 also includes network 520. Mobile computing device 501 is illustratively in wireless communication with network 520—which may be the Internet, a wide area network, or a local area network, for example—by sending and receiving electromagnetic signals 599 of a suitable protocol between communication interface 508 and wireless interface 522. Wireless interface 522 may be a wireless hub or cellular antenna, for example, or any other signal interface. Wireless interface 522 in turn provides access via network 520 to a wide array of additional computing resources, illustratively represented by computing resources 524 and 526. Naturally, any number of computing devices in any locations may be in communicative connection with network 520. Computing device 501 is enabled to make use of executable instructions stored on the media of memory component 504, such as executable instructions that enable computing device 501 to implement various functions of automatic disambiguation based on a reference resource, in an illustrative embodiment.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. As a particular example, while the terms "computer", "computing device", or "computing system" may herein sometimes be used alone for convenience, it is well understood that each of these could refer to any computing device, computing system, computing environment, mobile device, or other information processing component or context, and is not limited to any individual interpretation. As another example, various embodiments may be applied to automatic disambiguation of documents or other files in English, Spanish, Chinese, or any other human language. As another particular example, while many embodiments are presented with illustrative elements that are widely familiar at the time of filing the patent application, it is envisioned that many new innovations in computing technology will affect elements of different embodiments, in such aspects as user interfaces, user input methods, computing environments, and computing methods, and that the elements defined by the claims may be embodied according to these and other innovative advances while still remaining consistent with and encompassed by the elements defined by the claims herein.
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|Natural language processing system for semantic vector representation which accounts for lexical ambiguity
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|Biological relationship event extraction system and method for processing biological information
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|Name Discrimination and Email Clustering using Unsupervised Clustering and Labeling of Similar Contexts (Kulkarni and Pedersen)—Appears in the Proceedings of the Second Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Dec. 20-22, 2005, Pune, India.
|Written Opinion and Search Report in foreign application No. 2008055048 filed Feb. 26, 2008.
|Citing Patent
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|Vcvciii Llc
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|Version visualization
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|Feb 14, 2014
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|Vcvc Iii Llc
|NLP-based content recommender
|Jul 17, 2013
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|Vcvc Iii Llc
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|Mar 1, 2011
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|Nov 1, 2011
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|Named entitty platform and store
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 29, 2007
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION,WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CUCERZAN, SILVIU-PETRU;SCHULTZ, MIKE;REEL/FRAME:019081/0828
Effective date: 20070223
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CUCERZAN, SILVIU-PETRU;SCHULTZ, MIKE;REEL/FRAME:019081/0828
Effective date: 20070223
|Dec 9, 2014
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034542/0001
Effective date: 20141014
|Jul 22, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Get notified when new sales are live
Subscribe to our notifications so you don't miss out on our new sales!
Glomesh At The Checkout Wallet - Grey
Add a glamorous touch to any outfit with Glomesh!
Everyday continental wallet with 24k gold plated hardware!
12 card holder slots | Front zip compartment with mini gusset
Everyday continental wallet features front zip compartment, mini gusset for easy access, 12 card holder slots. Main gusset embellished with trademark Glomesh brass mesh. Carry your essentials in style!
- Glomesh wallet
- Style: At The Checkout
- Colour: Grey
- Materials: Nappa leather, brass mesh & 24k gold hardware
- Everyday continental wallet
- Front zip compartment with mini gusset
- 12 card holder slots
- Main gusset with Glomesh brass mesh
- 24k gold plated elevator inspired - floor indicator turn lock
- Pin acts as a level for opening & closure
- Dimensions (cm, approx): 19 x 10.2 x 4
- 12 Month Manufacturer Warranty - refer to 'Warranty' tab for details.
- Please read our general Terms & Conditions.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Simplicity 3874; 1960s; Dress has slightly lowered neckline, center and side front sections on bodice and skirt and back zipper closing. Slim skirt is gathered at back and side front waistline and has pockets in side front seams and back kick pleat. V. 1 has short set-in sleeves. Dress may be worn with a ribbon belt or may have top-stitching, braid and button trim and self or purchased belt. V. 2 is sleeveless and has button trim and self or purchased belt.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
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- Sew Exciting Needleworks Bust 36
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Holds all types of roll towels with any size core, including coreless and solid Easy-to-operate integrated lever makes dispensing and reloading simple Break-resistant plastic construction Size: 13-1/2Hx11-1/2Wx11-1/4"D Pearl black
We can help!
Need a specific item? We can help you find it.
Call Us
Give us a call.
We'll be happy to help find what you are looking for.
Dial 1-800-982-3400 to talk with a representative.
Send an e-mail message with information about the item.
We'll respond within 2 business hours.


text:
Announce an event or welcome every guest to a birthday or other special celebration with a customized, homemade banner.You can make the banner as elaborate or as simple as you would like and incorporate the event's color scheme to help the banner blend in with the decor. When the day is done, give the personalized banner to the guest of honor as a keepsake of the special day.
Things You'll Need
- Vinyl banner or white tarp
- Super glue
- Wooden dowel
- Permanent markers
- Spray adhesive
- Stickers
- Pictures
- Glitter
- String
Determine where you will hang the banner and select an appropriate size.
Add three inches to the height of the banner you would like and cut a vinyl banner or tarp to size. Fold over 3 inches of the top of the tarp and secure the fold with hot glue or strong adhesive. Insert a wooden dowel inside the fold for hanging. The dowel should be 4 inches longer than the width of the banner.
Write a message on the banner with permanent markers so the ink will not smear if it gets wet. Alternatively, use tape or pre-cut vinyl letters. Write in simple print and keep your words at a minimum so the banner is easier to read and doesn't seem cluttered.
Decorate the banner using stickers, glitter or signatures of the guests.
Attach pictures of the guest of honor with spray adhesive. Place each picture on newspaper or papers to protect surfaces. Hold the can 8 inches away from the picture and spray in a side-to-side motion until the back is covered with a single layer. Wait approximately 30 seconds before you turn the picture over. Position it onto the banner and smooth out any wrinkles using your hand.
Hang the banner using heavy string. Tie the string to the ends of the dowel.
Tips & Warnings
- The standard size of vinyl banners is 2 x 8 feet to 4 x 8 feet and the standard tarp size is 5 x 8 feet.
- Instead of a dowel, considering adding grommets to the banner for easy hanging. This consists of cutting a hole in the banner where the grommet will be, and then setting the grommet using a pair of grommet pliers.
- Use thicker vinyl and/or a liquid laminate on the banner for longer-lasting protection from outdoor elements.
Related Searches
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text:
Staybridge Suites Cincinnati North, Oh
Our Hotel Is Located In West Chester, Ohio And has just completed a full Renovation To Enhance Your Guest Experience.
Set in a northern suburb of the Cincinnati area, this hotel's location is ideal for every traveler. With all the comforts of home including a fully equipped kitchen, this upscale extended stay hotel is ideal for your home away from home. You can start your day with our full hot breakfast and enjoy our Social Reception Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday evenings. Conveniently located right off of I-75 close to I-275, we are centrally located to Greater Cincinnati and Dayton. The hotel's property is near companies like Procter & Gamble, General Electric, IKEA, General Motors and more.
Leisure travelers will not be disappointed staying at this hotel's location. The Cincinnati Premium Outlets are located just 10 miles from the hotel and offer great designer retailers and more. Guests can also quickly travel into downtown Cincinnati and visit Paul Brown Stadium for a Bengals' football game or Great American Ball Park to watch the Reds play.
The pet-friendly Staybridge Suites® Cincinnati North, OH hotel's amenities accommodate every traveler, ensuring relaxation with an indoor pool and an outdoor barbecue pavilion with two gas grills for creative outdoor dining during your stay. You'll even save with free perks like the laundry facilities, on site and off site fitness when you stay with us.
Quick Info
- Check In: 3:00 PM
- Check Out: 12:00 PM
- Minimum Check-In Age: 21
- Late Check Out Available
- Parking: Free
- Print Fact sheet
- Chat Online
- Important Update
Hotel Highlights
- On-site Guest Self-Laundry Facilities
- Housekeeping Full Service
- Complimentary Breakfast Buffet
- Standard Wireless Internet service is free for all members
- On-Site Fitness Center Available
Guest Reviews
Overall Experience
Excellent Stay with lots of amenities
ByJae P
July 22, 2017
We stayed approximately a week while our floors were being refinished, convenient location, great staff and very comfortable.
Lovely Stay
July 22, 2017
I truly enjoyed my stay there was worth the money great location couldn't have asked for a better hotel
Awesome hotel!! Great area!!
July 20, 2017
We really enjoyed our two night stay at this hotel. The room was really lovely. Great breakfast, very tasty, plenty to eat and drink. The bed was slightly soft, but comfortable. The room décor was very nice and clean.
Great service and wonderful breakfast
ByAJ Toledo
July 19, 2017
Friendly staff, clean facilities, comfortable room, great breakfast.


text:
Mixpanel Office Hours featuring Disqus
Thursday, June 27, 2013 from 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM (PDT)
Event Details
Join Us for Mixpanel Office Hours on Thursday, June 27, 2013
This month's topic:
Increasing Product Adoption
Presented by Mat Mullen, Product Development, Disqus
When: Thursday, June 27 at 5:00-7:00pm
Where: Mixpanel HQ - 799 Market St, 7th Floor, San Francisco
Disqus is the web's largest discussion network that powers millions of commenting communities all over the world. As a Product Manager at Disqus Mat Mullen has a wide set of responsibilities, but focuses on growing and improving the size of their total network. Disqus recently released a major upgrade to their core product and needed to fast-track customer feedback and adoption. Mat will share how Disqus used analytics to rapidly increase the rate at which their customers adopted the new product as well as how they tackled some unexpected issues uncovered along the way.
5:00 - 5:30pm: Meet & greet with the Mixpanel team
5:30 - 6:00pm: Increasing Product Adoption with Mat Mullen
- 6:00 - 7:00pm: Additional Q&A with the Mixpanel team
When & Where
Mixpanel office
799 Market Street
San Francisco,
Thursday, June 27, 2013 from 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM (PDT)
Add to my calendar


text: Seems like the spammers have got a new tactic they are using, the last 5 spammers that I've banned for spamming, have started to mark the original confirmation email that was sent to them as spam in revenge. I use mandrill and keep a close eye on the reports. i'd noted that my complaint rate had jumped up so looked into it, and all of the complaints are from the confirmation mail by people banned for spamming.


text:
Ever wonder what it would feel like to perform onstage with the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis?
A new video offers your best chance to experience what it's like to be under the spotlight in the House of Swing.
Recently, ABC News placed a 360-degree camera in the middle of the JLCO as they performed "Jazz of the '50s: Overflowing with Style." The show was music-directed by Chris Crenshaw, who also wrote a suite of new compositions—entitled "The Fifties: A Prism"—for the occasion, highlighting the full spectrum of jazz during the colorful 1950s. The video captures the Orchestra's performance of Crenshaw's "Just A-Slidin'" and features full-throated solos from trombonists Vincent Gardner and Elliot Mason.
For the best experience, make sure you're wearing headphones while watching: panning around the orchestra will let you hear different sections better. "Jazz means being able to put your voice out," Chris Crenshaw says, and this video lets you hear those voices better than ever.
In this installment, we travel to Augusta, GA for a concert that had special meaning for one member of the JLCO.
No jazz record collection is complete without these classic records! Learn more about historic recordings from Wayne Shorter, Betty Carter, and more!
Enrich your listening experience of "The Music of John Lewis," the new album from the JLCO with Wynton Marsalis ft. Jon Batiste, with an excerpt from its liner notes and a playlist exploring Lewis's oeuvre!
Our new original video series RECOLLECT takes you record shopping with some of the world's greatest jazz artists, including Jimmy Cobb, Ron Carter, Sheila Jordan, and many more!
Chick Corea is one of the most influential figures in jazz and one of the greatest living jazz pianists. In advance of his trio's July 4 performance in Highland Park, IL, at the Ravinia Festival alongside the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra, here are five essential albums from his discography.
Wynton Marsalis appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert to perform with Jon Batiste, Stay Human, and acclaimed dancer Lil Buck. Check out video and behind-the-scenes content from their performance.
New to jazz and don't know where to start? With many artists and extensive catalogues of music, a new jazz listener can feel intimidated. We're here to help! Check out our list of 10 albums to get you started on your jazz journey and introduce yourself to some of jazz's great artists.
On December 7, 2014 the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra drove 8 hours on an off day to play for Clark Terry on his 94th birthday. Victor Goines, James Chirillo, Ted Nash, Vincent Gardner, and Walter Blanding recall the day and the impact that Clark had on jazz.
In the latest installment of So the Story Goes, Buddy Rich—sometimes regarded as "the world's greatest drummer"—gets rhapsodic about the power of music and recounts that one time he played for the Queen of England.
Before his passing in May, Joe Temperley spent 29 unforgettable years as the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra's baritone saxophonist and its beloved elder statesman. Between performances on their recent mini-tour of Canada, several JLCO members shared their memories of Temperley, who left behind an indelible legacy and a whole lot of stories.
April is Jazz Appreciation Month, so we thought we'd celebrate by delving into the careers of a handful of underappreciated jazz artists. Explore the careers of six musicians who deserve more accolades and learn the best places to start with their discographies.


text: Viewing iFriend - 6 of 6 The Worst Matrix Simulation Ever When you want that big picture feel for your action sequence, but you don't... more »When you want that big picture feel for your action sequence, but you don't have the big picture budget, you improvise. Sometimes it works and sometimes it's the worst thing you've ever seen. « less Jed Rigney May 16, 2010 245 Views More Info Full Credits Jed Rigney Uploader Stats & Data 10Funny4Die 245 Views May 16, 2010 Published Category Web Series Clean Comedy Parody Tags Matrix Neo bowstaff funny weird iFriend action fight bullet time special effects Up Next: iFriend - Introduction AUTOPLAY Up Next In: 10 iFriend - Introduction iFriend #3 - Alexis iFriend #2 - Chad iFriend #4 - Danny Follow Browse Related Comments iFriend 6+ more View All ▶ 10+ more View All ▶ Jed Rigney Vaguely Related Videos Vaguely Related Pics & Words Advertisement Tags: Matrix Neo bowstaff funny weird Advertisement


text:
(if this is a private computer)
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When you purchase a digital subscription to Cake Central Magazine, you will get an instant and automatic download of the most recent issue.
Ciroc Bottle on Ice... First time making sugar ice cubes which melted about 2 hrs into the event (warm inside the home); Next time I will use Isomalt. Bucket is three 9" round yellow butter cakes carved and covered in fondant. Ciroc bottle is made...


text: Southside community photo gallery for the week of July 24, 2014 The Advocate Aug 13, 2014 - 5:11 am (…) Photo provided by Burnett's Sports Photography -- Dane Christensen, left, plays defense during a recent summer basketball league game at the Paula G. Manship YMCA. Photo provided by Burnett's Sports Photography-- YMCA summer basketball league coach Michael Burnett's Shadows and coach Tom Sanders' Golden Knights say a prayer before the beginning of a recent game at the Paul G. Manship YMCA. Photo provided by Burnett's Sports Photography -- Dribbling at the Y -- Team Shadows takes on Team Golden Knights during a recent summer basketball league game at the Paula G. Manship YMCA. Photo provided by Lois LeBlanc -- Yard of the Month -- Inniswold Estates/Jefferson Terrace Civic Association board member Meaghan Beadle, left, presents a Clegg's Nursery gift certificate to July Yard of the Month award winner Bruce Raff. Photo provided by Marie Varnes -- Olivia Caputo, 8, of Baton Rouge, gets a rowing lessen from guide Bernie Sowder of Solitude Scenic Floats during a wildlife viewing trip down the Snake River in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Olivia vacationed in the Grand Tetons in July with her parents, Kathleen Varnes and Dominic Caputo, sister Cecilia Caputo and grandmother Marie Varnes. Photo provided by Jennifer Mayer -- Casas for CASA -- Tickets will be on sale for the Capital Area CASA Association's Casas for CASA fundraiser Saturday through Aug. 17 at the Mall of Louisiana. This year's playhouse, valued at nearly $17,000, was designed by Lilliput Play Homes and will be assembled by local builder Faulk and Meek General Contractors, LLC. Tickets are $5. Proceeds benefit Capital Area CASA Association to support its advocacy efforts on behalf of abused and neglected children in need of safe, permanent homes, a news release from the agency said. The Southside Advocate this week includes photos from local civic, community and school groups and highlights recent events around the Southside. Load comments View comments Resources: To submit news items and photographs: Editor: Darlene Denstorff225.336.6952Online submission orContact by e-mail To place a death notice: Obituary department225.388.0289Online submission orContact by e-mail For delivery issues: Circulation department225.388.0200Contact by e-mail For ad inquiries: Elizabeth Hamberlin225.388.0243 Contact by e-mail For legal advertising: Legal notices department225.388.0128 orContact by e-mail To place an ad in the Classifieds section: Classified department225.383.0111Online submission or Contact by e-mail To place a wedding or engagement announcement: 225.388.0738Online submission orContact by e-mail Send mail to P.O. Box 588 Baton Rouge, LA 70821


text:
Shahid (2013) Hindi Full Movie Watch Online
Shahid traces the true story of slain human rights activist and lawyer Shahid Azmi. From attempting to become a terrorist to being wrongly imprisoned under a draconian anti-terrorism law to becoming a criminal lawyer Shahid traces the inspiring personal journey of a boy who became an unlikely messiah for human rights while following the rise of communal violence in India. This story of an impoverished Muslim struggling to come to terms with injustice, inequality and rising above his circumstances is an inspiring testament to the human spirit.
Release Date: 18 October 2013 (India)
Genres: Biography | Drama
Language: Hindi
Quality: DVDScr
Director: Hansal Mehta
Writers: Apurva Asrani, Sameer Gautam Singh
Stars: Raj Kumar Yadav, Prabhleen Sandhu, Mohd Zeeshan


text:
Designers were asked to submit a chic and modern design.
If you see a design that is not available for sale, please email us and we will help you purchase the design.
To link to this design on other websites, copy & paste this HTML.
sweet elegance
birth announcements, flowers,
orange, brown, blush
filosofia, allyson
Rhea & Tim
Nov 09 2008
Love everything about this design - beautiful color palette! :)
Excellent work! I love your non-traditional color palette :-)
Love the pattern & colors... sweet!
Thank you, everyone, for your very generous comments.
Simply Beautiful!
Simply Beautiful!!
We uncover design genius through ongoing design competitions. At Minted, all that matters is good design. Designers submit, and the Minted community votes to tell us what to sell.
"Our purpose in life is to uncover exceptional design from all over the world and bring this to savvy consumers who won't accept anything else."
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Rising interest rates "appear to have accelerated some buying decisions," says Steven Wood, president of Insight Economics.
The Mortgage Bankers Association of America reported Wednesday that applications for purchase mortgages last week jumped 6.9% to their second-highest ever. Applications for refinancing dropped for a fifth-straight week and are almost 60% off their recent peak. Overall, applications were up 1.1% from the week before.
Driving those numbers is a recent surge in mortgage rates. Mortgage investor Freddie Mac last week said the average 30-year fixed rate rose for a sixth-straight week. It's up nearly a full percentage point since mid-June and above 6% for the first time this year.
The bond market on Wednesday signaled possible relief for borrowers. The yield on the 10-year Treasury note, an indicator of the direction of long-term mortgage rates, dropped to 4.27%, down 0.14 percentage points.
Although mortgage rates remain low by historical standards, the sharp upward movement is sucking the air out of a refinancing boom that has boosted the economy by encouraging homeowners to convert equity to cash, and by lowering their monthly payments.
Mortgage investment giant Fannie Mae this week projected that the decline in refinancing will result in total originations next year of $1.7 trillion, half the anticipated 2003 total.
The MBA says refinancing declined just 2.4% last week from the previous week. The MBA's Jay Brinkmann attributes the modest weekly drop to borrowers deciding "this might be their last chance before rates went up further."
The effect of the increasing rates on the broader housing market remains unclear. Fannie Mae chief economist David Berson this week said current mortgage rates "could begin to bite into the purchase market, causing modest decline in the sector."
Mark Zandi, chief economist at Economy.com says a rise in 30-year rates to 6.5% would weaken the housing market "measurably."
Zandi says most of the factors favoring housing in recent years — liberal lending policies and the flow of money from stocks to real estate, for instance — have played themselves out.
"Even a small rate increase above 6% would do a lot of damage," he says.
The increase in rates in the past six weeks has added an average $119 to the monthly payment of a 30-year mortgage for $200,000.
Melinda Speck, district director for zipRealty in Sherman Oaks, Calif., says rising interest rates have made the housing market less frantic in the red-hot San Fernando Valley, where homes start at about $300,000. The number of home shoppers has decreased, and those who make offers have greatly improved chances of having them accepted. "Sellers are still in the driver's seat, but it's evening out," she says.


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Definition Edit
A trusted broker (TB) is an
|[e]ntity that enables trust between IDPs and relying parties by passing authentication assertions from one to the other. Trusted brokers include parties also known as Verifiers.[1]
References Edit
- ↑ Executive Office of the President, Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management (FICAM) Roadmap and Implementation Guidance, at 174 (Ver. 1.0) (Nov. 10, 2009) (full-text).


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You've opened the doors for business, now what?
Chesapeake Accounting Co. can help you by providing daily, monthly, quarterly, or annual bookkeeping services. Having someone to review your bookkeeping and accounting is a huge asset. Whether you are just starting out and would like to discuss creating a budget, or you are established and would like to understand why your checking account doesn't reflect your company's profit.
A QuickBooks ProAdvisor has a cost-effective solution to help you convert your vision to reality. QuickBooks Training located in Springdale Ohio. There is no way around it; QuickBooks training is imperative and will save you considerable money. Robyn is an educator with a rare ability to relate complex concepts to students in language they understand.
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Not worth the money! Don't get me wrong I like the table and chairs, very nice but not worth the money. Parts of the table had chips off of it when it arrived. I had to wood glue them back on.Read More
I am pleased with my purchase:)Read More
Very happy with the looks. Table did come with a chip on the side, which we glued and one of the chair legs needed repair, too. The table is solid when assembled. Doesn't wiggle at all.Read More
Table came damaged. Sent pictures to Overstock of the damages and it has been over 4 weeks and still no response. By far the worst customer service company I have ever done business with. The table set is nice but it's damaged and Overstock has not even responded in any form or fashion. No way would i do any type of business with this company again. I am contacting my credit card company and protesting the charges.Read More
I spent a great deal of time researching dining sets and was reluctant to purchase something online without having seen it in person first. But the other reviews were good so I went for it. So glad I did - the table color is exactly as pictured and the pictures really don't even do it justice quality-wise. I get complimented on it everytime someone comes to my house. Highly recommend!Read More
Finally got husband to agree on dining set and both are very pleased!Read More
Not a bad kitchen set. I like the look of it and it feels solid. My only complaint is that the color is thin. It's chipped in 3 areas on the top of the table. Little areas that I'll touch up, but I've only had the table for around 6 weeks so am surprised at how fragile the table top is. It's just the paint that chipped. Not the actual wood. I'll have to get a glass top for it to prevent further damage. Otherwise it's a nice set. Easy assembly but tedious.Read More
I have received so many compliments about this table! It looks great in our breakfast nook and the counter height size gives it a less formal look, perfect for a kitchen table. The color is very dark but that is what I what I was looking for. The chairs are very comfortable and study. Easily wipes up with a damp rag. Highly recommended!Read More
We just purchased this table set for our new home and are so happy with it! My fiance said the chairs were a pain to put together but other than that, we have no complaints. The chairs are very solid and sturdy, so is the table. The color is a beautiful espresso brown and matches our cabinets perfectly. I would recommend this product to anyone.Read More
Great quality, great look, great product. Very comfortable chairs. Only issue was the assembly, the instructions arent the most clear and even if read perfectly you may run into an issue. I would never buy again soley because of the assembly but once put together it is stunning.Read More
TRIBECCA HOME Dartford Espresso 7-piece Contoured Counter Set
Today: $1,107.99


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Two things you'll always find in my refrigerator are lemons and butter, and in my pantry good quality chocolate and the makings for chocolate chip cookies.
Phish Food enthusiasts beware
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Get the recipes and features that have us talking, plus first dibs on events and limited-batch products.
(Oh, and $10 off your order of $50 or more in the Food52 Shop, too.)


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Business TypeDistributor/Wholesaler
Main MarketsNorth America South America Western Europe Eastern Europe Ea
Product/ServiceSwitch gears, lt panels, power control centre, motor control centre, cables wires
Business Ownervivek kaul
EmployeesLess than 5 People
Company TagsPower Distribution Systems - Powertech - Switchgears
Company Introduction
My company POWERTECH SYSTEMS established in 1990 deals in LT switchgears, controlgears wires cables etc. We are also giving consultancy services on designing of power distribution systems for various type of industries. And also help new companies for marketing there product in our area i. E in gujarat.
Contact Information
Contact PersonMr. VIVEK KAUL
Fax Number91-079-26741073
Post Code380001
Address207,gandhi road, AHMEDABAD, Gujarat, India
Online MapPowertech Systems Map & Directions


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Bridge & Burn "Bird" Red and Blue Stripe Button Up
Bridge & Burn "Bird" Red and Blue Stripe Button Up
Bridge and Burn has done it again with their cotton button ups! The red and blue striping says nautical and spring, but the ability to wash and wear and match everything in your wardrobe says its here to stay! Fabric- 100% cotton White with Blue and Red Stripe Fit- True to size
One Imaginary Girl
One Imaginary Girl, a new label from Sarah Donofrio, insists on having absolutely no restrictions when it comes to personal style. With a focus on creativity, the line represents a forward thinking yet idiosyncratic point of view through a carefully edited collection of designers and brands. From effortless Scandinavian aesthetics to the eclectic nature of the east and west coasts, there is something here for wherever or whoever you imagine your own girl to be.
Do you have questions about this product? We're here to help!


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login with
Babies eating strawberries?
Strawberries are actually a common allergen so they should be introduced slowly after a year of age. Many berries can cause a reaction, but strawberries seem to be at the top of the fruit list. Things to watch for when introducing them is swelling anywhere on the face, any sign of breathing difficulties, rash and very loose, watery bowel movements. If your child has a reaction, or you think they have a reaction talk to your pediatrician right away. They may want you to wait to introduce strawberries later and in a controlled environment.
Great post.. this is all true.. just always be VERY cautious and eager to spot something when introducing ANYTHING new!
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37Best time for children to go to bed
About Melissa
Birth: December 31
On Moms.com since: Mar 3, 2014
I am a single mom of two fantastic kiddos that I love to pieces. Currently in school working towards my teaching degree. You can find me most days on www.mommathoughts.com when I am not here chit chatting! :)


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Adoption requests → Roblox Deadzone(by zackzak) Wiki
What is your username? TrueMoFo
Please link to the wiki here: roblox-deadzoneby-zackzak.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page?useskin=oasis&cb=2571
How many edits have you made on that wiki? 47
How many days/months have you been editing there? 15 days.
On the Special Pages → Special:ListUsers when was the last time an admin edited, and who was it? February 18, 2013, by GhostAcid327, the founder.
Any other information: None
TrueMoFo (talk) 00:20, July 30, 2013 (UTC)
- Looking at the last two weeks of editing, there has been a handful of other users editing. Please start a blog or forum post to discuss new leadership of the wiki and allow users at least a week to respond. Please link any discussions here and we will check back around then. Rappy 18:19, August 16, 2013 (UTC)
- Awesome. Thanks for the link. Good luck with the wiki! Rappy 18:30, August 27, 2013 (UTC)


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This tutorial walks you through installing and using the popular Newtonsoft.Json package in a Universal Windows Platform (UWP) project:
- Install pre-requisites
- Create a UWP project
- Add the Newtonsoft.Json NuGet package
- Use the Newtonsoft.Json API in the app
You use a similar same workflow for virtually every NuGet package you use in a project.
Start with nuget.org: Installing packages from nuget.org is a common workflow that .NET developers use to find components they can reuse in their own applications. You can always search nuget.org directly or find and install packages within Visual Studio as we do here.
Install pre-requisites
This tutorial requires Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 with Tools for Universal Windows Apps.
You can install the Community edition for free from visualstudio.com or use the Professional or Enterprise editions. The UWP tools option can be selected through the Custom install option during setup, checking the box under Windows and Web Development > Universal Windows App Development Tools. If you already have Visual Studio installed, you can run the installer again and click Modify to add the UWP tools.
Create a UWP project
In Visual Studio, choose File > New > Project, expand Visual C# > Windows > Universal, select the Blank App (Universal Windows), and click OK. Accept the default values for Target Version and Minimum Version when prompted.
Add the Newtonsoft.Json NuGet package
In Solution Explorer, right click on References and choose Manage NuGet Packages.
Choose "nuget.org" as the Package source, click the Browse tab, search for Newtonsoft.Json, select that package in the list, and click Install:
If prompted to review changes, click OK.
Right-click the solution in Solution Explorer and click Build Solution. This restores any NuGet packages listed under References. For more details, see Package Restore.
Use the Newtonsoft.Json API in the app
With the Newtonsoft.Json package in the project, you can call its
JsonConvert.SerializeObject method to convert an object to a human-readable string.
Open MainPage.xaml and replace the existing
Gridelement with the following:
<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}"> <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center"> <Button Click="Button_Click" Content="Click Me" Margin="10"/> <TextBlock Name="TextBlock" Text="TextBlock" Margin="10"/> </StackPanel> </Grid>
Expand MainPage.xaml, open MainPage.xaml.cs, and insert the following code inside the
MainPageclass, after the constructor:
public class Account { public string Name { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } public DateTime DOB { get; set; } } private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Account account = new Account { Name = "John Doe", Email = "firstname.lastname@example.com", DOB = new DateTime(1980, 2, 20, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc), }; string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(account, Formatting.Indented); TextBlock.Text = json; }
Even though you added the Newtonsoft.Json package to the project, you'll still see a red squiggle under
JsonConvertbecause you need a
usingstatement. Hover over the underlined
JsonConvertand you'll see the Lightbulb and the option to Show potential fixes:
Click on Show potential fixes and select the first suggested fix,
using Newtonsoft.Json;. This adds the necessary line to the top of the file.
Build and run the app by pressing F5 or selecting Debug > Start Debugging:
Click on the button to see the contents of the TextBlock replaced with some JSON text:


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93% of teenagers in the USA are online
Before everyone used to listen to their own music on their personal headphones
No mobile phones, Mp3 players, TV, DVDs or computers were allowed in the house
She said it had changed the way they ate slept made friends, fought, planned and played
What will you find most difficult about the week?
What ,if anything ,will you enjoy about having no electronic devices?
What will you do in your free time without electronic devices?
How will you keep in contact with your friends?


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With leadership essentially contested among Arab states, it is hard to see how non-Arab states could hope to lead. Let me put it clearly: the Turkish and Iranian bids for regional leadership are doomed. Sooner or later, their hyperactivity will calm down and they will learn the virtues of restraint. When and how this happens depends on how fast they learn.
Read Full Article »


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Peter Moody's wretched start to the new year has only worsened after Racing NSW stewards said the leading Victorian trainer would face a fresh inquiry into positive swabs north of the border.
A little more than a week after saying Racing Victoria stewards had notified him one of his runners had returned illegal levels of the fad drug cobalt, Moody has been asked by Racing NSW to front an inquiry next month into House Of Hingis recording positives from two races in November.
The filly was found to have the anti-inflammatory drug Ibuprofen in her system after a pre-race blood sample before running fifth at Rosehill on November 15.
She was found to have the same substance in her system in a pre-race blood sample and post-race urine sample after running third at Warwick Farm on November 28.
Ibuprofen can mask pain in a horse and is often a healer for tendon injuries, but is not deemed a performance enhancer. It is the same substance found in one of Gary Portelli's horses in September and the trainer later had his fine reduced to $3000 on appeal.
"It's an analgesic and inflammatory agent and there's no current registered veterinary pharmaceutical preparations containing Ibuprofen available in Australia for use in horses, but there are a number of human pharmaceutical brands [which contain the substance]," Racing NSW deputy chief steward Greg Rudolph said.
Stewards took samples from Moody's entire team at his satellite Randwick stable last month, which all returned negative.
Moody, who is yet to be charged over the swabs and is in New Zealand for the Karaka sales, will face stewards at the Racing NSW offices on February 2.
It is the second time in five days Moody has earned the ire of stewards in NSW after his Sydney foreperson Clare Cunningham was charged with not informing the stewards of a change of tactics in Koroibete's front-running win at Randwick on Saturday.
Moody was asked to tender evidence on that charge after Jason Collett let Koroibete roll to the lead after racing midfield at his previous start.
That charge pales into insignificance to the storm Moody has weathered in Victoria after he was the first of three high-profile Victorian trainers to admit they were being investigated over their horses returning irregular levels to cobalt during the spring carnival.
Moody's horse was Lidari, which ran second in the group 1 Turnbull Stakes at Flemington in October.
Less than 24 hours after Moody told his owners of the cobalt findings, Mark Kavanagh and Danny O'Brien also admitted Racing Victoria had told them of horses under their care had returned cobalt levels above the 200 micrograms per litre of urine threshold.
Kavanagh's Magicool was found to have exceeded the level when winning the listed UCI Stakes while O'Brien had three horses – Victoria Derby runner-up Bondeiger, Caravan Rolls On when he ran eighth in the Lexus Stakes and De Little Engine after a Ballarat win in November – all in question.
Moody, Kavanagh and O'Brien are yet to be charged over the findings.
Racing NSW stewards are holding an inquiry into Darren Smith's admission he used cobalt on some of his horses after 16 samples from 13 horses were certified by two laboratories as showing high concentrations of the drug, which increases red blood cell production.
Smith, who is yet to be charged, and his legal counsel have until Friday to make further submissions.


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There's slim, then there's Samsung slim. Having just lauded the Philips 42PES001 for, among other things, its svelte 3.6cm depth, we're confronted by a brand-new 1080p Full HD Samsung screen that's a vanishing skinny 2.9cm deep.
And, unlike the Philips, the Samsung doesn't cram its innards into a separate media box – packing two TV tuners, as well as all connectivity, into the chassis of the screen. Nice work.
None more black
It's not just the depth of the screen that sets out to impress, either. This set is a statement of intent, from the subtle 'Platinum Black' finish of the screen and its stand, through the expansive specification that includes four HDMI inputs, a pair of USB inputs, wireless internet connection (providing you've paid for Samsung's £50 wireless dongle) with bespoke Yahoo widgets and sources such as YouTube and Flickr, through to white LED backlighting arrayed around the edges of the screen.
If the battle could ever be won on paper, Samsung would be swaggering back to base without a scratch on it.
Control freak
A word on the remote, though: for a company that's delivered some impressive tellies in its time, Samsung has a rotten record with remote controls. This one is pointlessly large, weirdly shaped (we've never seen a remote look more like a DustBuster) and less than intuitive to use. And, of course, once you've set the screen up, most of the buttons become redundant.
That aside, the '7020 has the performance to make good on its tech promise. TV pictures are stable, with generally low amounts of noise and notable depth of field. Motion is mostly smooth, colours are of the rich-but-not-too-vivid variety, and black levels are impressive.
Picture perfect
Up the quality to DVD and the good news keeps coming. Picture noise is suppressed mercilessly, colours – skin tones especially – are agreeable and levels of black detail are a match for the best. Motion's smooth, too.
Blu-ray images are the nicest of all. The Samsung is brilliant across the board, combining excellent detail, believable colours, smooth edge definition and rock-solid movement into an extremely enjoyable whole.
It's not without flaws: sound is no great shakes, being predictably lightweight, and poorer-quality TV broadcasts are done no favours at all.
But overall, this is an impressive set – doubly so considering it hardly exists in the third dimension at all.