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Beyond MOS Ensuring VoIP Service Quality
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1 Beyond MOS Ensuring VoIP Service Quality June
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS A perceived reduction in the quality of data services causes customers to call for support, but a perceived reduction in the quality of voice services causes customers to churn - Tier 1 Communication Service Provider BEYOND MOS ENSURING VOIP SERVICE QUALITY INTRODUCTION 1 In the current telecommunication services environment, competitive forces and complex integrated service offerings are requiring communication service providers (CSPs) to alter their business strategies to focus on the customer, not just the network. As multiple services are delivered over a single IP infrastructure, it is no longer valid to assume that voice call quality experienced by an individual user is good as long as there are no network faults. In order to focus efforts on determining the quality of VoIP services delivered to each customer, CSPs are exploring ways to understand VoIP service quality for each user, each time they make a call. A perceived reduction in the quality of data services causes customers to call for support, but a perceived reduction in the quality of voice services causes customers to churn - Tier 1 Communication Service Provider The goal for many CSPs is to transition to an all-ip infrastructure from the access network to the core. The value of using the IP network for voice is the streamlining of infrastructure and decreased complexity that comes from implementing a single broadband network. But unlike data traffic, voice traffic is live, extremely time sensitive, and unforgiving of network congestion. The systems and tools used to manage existing IP data networks need to be augmented with in-call monitoring to ensure that the quality of voice calls remains high. The increasing number of VoIP calls and the complexity of managing distributed, multi-vendor VoIP platforms make it difficult for CSPs to deliver highly reliable, readily available voice service to potentially millions of users. Without a complete toolset to ensure performance and quality, CSPs may learn of problems but are left in the dark as to how to solve them. Current measures of VoIP service quality, including Mean Opinion Scores (MOS), are not frequent or detailed enough to allow operators to understand the nature of the 1 Please note that the insights and opinions expressed in this assessment are those of Stratecast and have been developed through the Stratecast research and analysis process. These expressed insights and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views of the company executives interviewed. 2
3 impairment in a VoIP call or determine a solution. VoIP call quality is impacted by the IP endpoints and the IP network. As a result, it is not enough to monitor the health and status of the IP network and measure the quality at the conclusion of a VoIP call as many CSPs have found. The in-call quality of each VoIP call stream must be continuously monitored for the duration of the call and the source(s) of impairments discovered and remedied. Once impaired, VoIP traffic cannot be fixed, so the problems creating the impairments must be solved to ensure the quality of future VoIP calls. This paper will describe the problem of measuring voice call quality across an IP network, what VoIP call quality measurement solutions should include, and highlight examples of how one vendor VOIPFUTURE is providing a solution that addresses those challenges. THE CASE FOR MONITORING VOIP CONNECTION QUALITY CSPs are in the position of having to differentiate themselves with the level and quality of both the services and customer experiences that they provide. Regardless of the source of the content or the manufacturer of the device, the customer will look to the CSP to ensure that services, content, and devices are integrated and that everything works properly. Many enterprises find themselves in a similar position as they take over CSP responsibilities for delivering voice services across their internal data networks. Any degradation in the performance of the underlying network, whether it belongs to the CSP or the enterprise, will affect call quality. Voice users are accustomed to nearly perfect levels of service quality, and anything less will affect customer satisfaction. Delivering voice services over IP networks obviously presents unique challenges that must be overcome in order to transition customers to VoIP services and reduce operational complexity and cost. Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is the standard protocol for the delivery of highly time-sensitive audio and video over IP networks. In order to understand what is necessary to ensure high service quality for VoIP, one must first understand how using RTP to transport voice is different from conventional TDM voice transport. Not a Nailed-Up Connection In traditional TDM voice networks, when a voice call is placed, a circuit is nailed up between the two parties and remains that way for the duration of the call. But an IP network is dynamic. Even once a voice call is established; the flow of speech is continuously disassembled into multiple RTP packets that are reassembled at the receiver. Poor voice quality with broken speech or dropped words typically results from disruptions to the RTP packet flow. Thus, high quality VoIP connections demand a constant and steady RTP packet stream. To this end, a variety of quality of service (QoS) enabling mechanisms for IP networks have been developed; yet even if these are implemented, VoIP call quality is far more likely to vary than TDM call quality. In addition to sharing the IP link with all other communication and data services, the flow of RTP packets is frequently exposed to variations and distortions that have a negative 3
4 impact on voice quality. The network equipment, user devices, configurations and changing traffic load comprise highly dynamic sources of such impairments. In order to ensure high quality VoIP calls, it is important for VoIP monitoring systems to be able to continuously monitor quality metrics for the duration of every call. The following metrics are typically considered key to voice quality monitoring: Delay Delay or latency comprises several elements. The transit time through the IP network and associated access links; delay within the endpoints due to jitter buffering; encoding, and decoding delays; and potential delays within non-ip portions of the network can all lead to conversational delays. Difficulties arise when the added delay of the VoIP service interferes with the natural interaction between the participants on the call. Jitter Identifying the sources of delay variations will ultimately improve end-toend-delay. The variation in packet delay is referred to as jitter and is compensated for by buffers at the receiver of an RTP stream, which adds to the delay. The ability to control jitter greatly helps to reduce end-to-end delay and thus has substantial impact on voice call quality. Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) is used with RTP for collection of jitter and other QoS data; however RTCP measurements identify that impairments are occurring, but do not identify the sources of the problem. Packet Loss Packet loss is a serious problem in real-time applications like VoIP. Since RTP is used to carry voice traffic, lost packets are not retransmitted so the end device has to compensate to give the impression of a continuous signal. However, packet loss tends to occur in bursts and, as such, compensation at the receiver becomes ineffective. Packet loss concealment methods work provided there are enough good packets that are received in-between. Persistence of hearing allows for concealment of a missing packet here and there, but losing a burst of voice packets will create a gap or lost words. As such, these metrics only describe the transport characteristics of the underlying IP network and its components the relation between network performance metrics and the subjective opinion of a voice service user is everything but obvious. One way to provide an estimate for the user experience is to feed these measurements and information about the codec into a model defined by ITU-standard G.107. The model essentially yields a transmission-rating factor R which can be converted to a MOS-score. Such measures of connection quality are typically calculated per call. However, in contrast to circuit switched networks which nail up a dedicated voice connection, voice quality in IP networks varies over time. A call s voice quality may be perfect for minutes and then suddenly degrade, e.g. because of network overload. Thus, analyzing and improving VoIP call quality requires continuous in-call monitoring of all voice streams. 4
5 Determining and Improving VoIP Call Quality The problem is that QoS measurements and MOS, while valuable, are not being calculated frequently enough and do not provide sufficient detail to identify VoIP quality problems and their sources. An additional problem may be introduced by the way the QoS data is collected. Active probing simulates VoIP traffic and compares the transmitted with the received speech signal. This approach provides good samples of end -to-end quality; however it does not include the end user device itself, and because an active probe generates traffic, it is not measuring actual calls. The test call may be impairment free, while the next customer call may incur degradation. Furthermore, as measurements are carried out end-to-end, little can be said about the root cause of potential problems. Active probing is thus effective for pre-deployment scenarios and determining that an IP network is able to carry VoIP traffic. In contrast, with permanent passive probing, actual VoIP calls are monitored and a model may be used to estimate VoIP call quality using information from both the VoIP signaling (SIP) and media (RTP) streams captured at the monitor point. Passive probing can be done by integrating the measurement algorithm into the end-points of RTP streams (e.g. IP phones and media gateways), or at a mid-point between the VoIP sender and the receiver as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Monitoring at Peering and Aggregation Points Source: VOIPFUTURE 5
6 Beyond measurements that describe perceived speech quality, it is important to also understand what caused the impairments and where along the IP transmission path the impairments occurred. By identifying root causes, any problems can be quickly resolved and VoIP quality improved. Simple averaging of measurements and MOS calculations per call neither provide sufficiently detailed views into the transport layer, nor readily available data for root cause analysis and traffic optimization. These additional benefits require a new approach to voice quality monitoring. Yet, any viable approach must ensure that the requirements of large CSPs are met. Making VoIP Call Quality Monitoring Carrier-Class For CSPs, managing an extended VoIP network requires the collection and processing of large amounts of data from numerous, multi-vendor sources, as well as the ability to rapidly deliver actionable results to network managers. Managing VoIP call quality for CSPs must therefore meet the stringent requirements that CSPs have for all of their OSS/BSS solutions. Specifically; Scalability Managing an extended VoIP network requires that both the VoIP platforms and the management platforms scale to support potentially millions of users and hundreds of thousands of simultaneous calls. Existing VoIP connection monitoring platforms do not scale well to this volume and CSPs are challenged to accommodate both the number of users and the number of calls. Reach To ensure end-to-end reliability, VoIP call monitoring must include the user devices as well as any intermediate networks. Impairments from underperforming or misconfigured end devices are difficult to identify but can cause significant delays. Likewise, the ability to monitor and measure supplier and interconnection partner performance are essential to guarantee agreed service levels for each customer. Availability As VoIP connection quality data is collected and correlated, it must be made available to operations, management, engineering, and IT administration personnel. Whether delivering real time status and quality data for root cause analysis or the trend data required for service level monitoring, each role requires a different view of the data in a useable format. Whether displayed directly to users or published to external OSS/BSS applications, VoIP call connection quality data is important across the entire CSP business. Without the ability to scale to monitor millions of connections, remain active during all calls, and continuously deliver results VoIP call quality monitoring solutions will not measure up. 6
7 BEYOND AVERAGE MOS Voice service quality issues need real-time attention. The ability to evaluate IP packets at line rate and provide in-call quality information for every RTP stream is needed to compile a detailed view of each call. That data enables operators to determine the quality of the delivered VoIP service as well as the overall status of the IP network and VoIP infrastructure. The actual disposition of each customer call is an important piece in determining the customer experience and one that has been missing until now. As described, delay, jitter, and packet loss are the typical VoIP call quality measures across an IP transport network. If the derived MOS scores per call are good, that s a start, but average MOS scores do not entirely reveal VoIP service performance. As shown in Figure 2, without measuring VoIP call quality metrics at regular intervals throughout the duration of the call, there is no insight into the dynamics that are affecting the customer experience. Figure 2: Simplifying Average vs. Reality Source: VOIPFUTURE The determination of single delay, jitter, packet loss and MOS value per call limits the ability of CSPs to rapidly identify VoIP impairments being reported by end-customers and interconnection partners. Those measurements can only act as a problem indicator when the user is already experiencing poor speech quality. By measuring quality criteria (including MOS) in call at regular 5-10 second intervals as suggested by the experts of the TM Forum, problems are detected and the distribution of the data can reveal the type of problem and its cause. Alarms can then be generated that enable CSPs to fix the 7
8 problem before it becomes apparent to users. The following describes some important metrics and indicators that can be obtained from permanent passive in-call measurements. Jitter Sender jitter, as an example, is not introduced by the network but rather is caused by the sender s device. If the sender is unable to maintain a constant signal at the desired sample rate, the packets are transmitted at two distinct and nearly identical delay variation times. In-call measurements discover this anomaly and allow the CSP to diagnose a sender jitter fault. Although sender jitter is not created in the network, it can trigger a response from dynamic jitter buffers and ultimately impact call quality. Recognizing that a particular handset or version of handset regularly creates sender jitter gives CSPs the information they need to confront the manufacturer and request a change. Figure 3 RTP sender is unable to maintain constant packet rate of 20 ms Source: VOIPFUTURE Packet Loss A smart packet loss detection algorithm not only allows detection of the number of lost packets but also provides an indication as to whether a lost packet is part of a burst. The combination of a representation of packet loss bursts and the correlating information as to the number of good packets received between loss events help the CSP determine the impact on speech quality. By collecting this information in real-time and presenting a histogram of both burst packet loss and burst packet receipt (good packets), a high level of detail about the length and frequency of packet loss events can be obtained. The monitoring system can then determine if the loss is tolerable or indicate that packet loss is unacceptable. Network Overload Further, it is important to know if the packet loss is related to a network overload condition, which is the most common cause in access networks. If packet loss due to network congestion can be ruled out, then the amount of time spent to localize the 8
9 problem is significantly reduced and technicians can look for faulty hardware or configuration problems. In contrast, overload conditions indicate that the network resources are overbooked, which must be treated differently, e.g. by adding additional capacity. A special symptom of VoIP call degradation on overloaded network segments is that the inter-arrival time of the packets will vary greatly due to buffering and then bursting of the packets. There are strong variations of the inter-arrival times and when that is the case, the intended packet sequence and inter-arrival timing cannot be maintained by the network. This is shown by both very small and very large inter-arrival times between packets. Packets lost during such sequences indicate that packet buffers are being overrun and packets are being discarded. Such conditions can be detected with pattern matching technology when measurements are being made at high frequency. Additionally, detailed measurements can be used to identify network devices where the packet buffer has been configured too large for VoIP. Creating large packet buffers is a common way to reduce packet loss that results from high jitter; however large buffers are detrimental to real-time applications like VoIP due to the additional delay that is created. With this information it is possible to detect network configuration problems, which often occur in environments where auto-qos is implemented. In an auto-qos environment, the network equipment may change the priority of a packet to meet network performance policies, however switching an RTP VoIP packet to a lower class of service is unacceptable and risks introducing jitter or packet loss. Policy and Standard Conformance A number of problems are not related to the transport performance of a network itself, but to the VoIP traffic s lack of conformance to network policies and standards. For example, changes to the codecs used in the network are often imperceptible to VoIP users and seldom lead to call quality problems. One exception is when the new codec is not supported by the end-user device. This should not happen as e.g. the SIP standard prescribes that endpoints exchange their capabilities; in practice, however, arbitrary incall codec changes are not uncommon. Similarly, if RTP streams entering a network do not use the agreed upon DSCP priority marking, then voice packets will likely be treated as best effort traffic. In moderately loaded networks, such misconfigurations may remain. However, if the network load rises then the non-conformant packets will not be treated with appropriate priority and may experience increasingly high jitter and packet loss. A final example of policy conformance problems is given by RTP streams which use voice codecs that do not comply with the policies of a network. For reasons of bandwidth efficiency, network policies may prescribe the use of high-compression codecs, such as G.729. Conformance to such network policies can only be assured if permanent passive monitoring systems are used to inspect every single packet of all RTP streams crossing the network boundaries. 9
10 NEW PROBLEMS NEW SOLUTIONS Founded in Hamburg, Germany in 2007, VOIPFUTURE has developed a Voice Service Monitoring solution designed to monitor the connection quality of IP voice services. VOIPFUTURE has developed a unique technology for evaluating the quality and performance of voice services in IP networks and performing more frequent and robust MOS calculations. Based on its permanent passive measurements, the VOIPFUTURE solution can detect sender jitter, network overload situations, whether packet loss is tolerable for a given codec and many other sources of voice quality degradation. It enables CSPs to better monitor and control the user experience while constantly improving network performance to better accommodate voice services. The carrier-grade VOIPFUTURE solution includes passive monitoring probes combined with an intelligent management platform that implements open interfaces to distribute VoIP monitoring data and performance metrics to other OSS/BSS. Passive probes are deployed to monitor and analyze network transport and device media processing for quality impairments. Each probe is able to monitor up to four links providing full line rate performance for 1 Gbit/s links. The VOIPFUTURE algorithm determines root causes, provides diagnostics and statistics based on its comprehensive approach to RTP packet flow analysis. Quality Data Records (QDRs) containing over 400 metric parameters are available for each five second segment of every individual call stream to track changes during the course of a call. The detailed measurements of VOIPFUTURE s solution not only allow to pinpoint sources of voice quality degradation, they also provide data for highly accurate in-call MOS calculations. The solution can thus compute MOS values for every 5 seconds of a call and aggregate these, e.g. to a minute-level. Being able to go beyond per-call MOS in this manner has two significant advantages: 1. MOS values for short fixed-length intervals provide for a more meaningful voice quality assessment. Averaging MOS scores for a complete call frequently overestimates the quality of long calls. Severe quality problems will often lead one party to hang up. However, if for example only the last 10 seconds of a 5 minute call were severely affected, then the overall call may still be rated with an excellent MOS. As a result, the CSP will be lulled into a false sense of security. 2. MOS values for short fixed-length time intervals allow for definition of SLAs for VoIP services in a very natural manner. For example, it can be agreed not to charge for call minutes when the quality is less than promised. The verification of such SLA agreements can be done in real-time. By integrating the VOIPFUTURE solution into network and service management systems, immediate responses to degradation can be made, e.g. permanently monitoring peering partners and automatically changing to better routes if need arises. The metric details of VOIPFUTURE s QDRs are grouped to indicate specific values for: Service Assurance and customer experience prediction 10
11 Service Level Agreement KPIs for customers and suppliers Transport performance and analysis Network policy conformance, e.g. regarding traffic prioritization VoIP end-point standard conformance VoIP service quality monitoring is critical to understanding the customer s experience as he/she makes VoIP calls. However, most calls do not originate and terminate on the same network so it becomes necessary to monitor inter-provider connections to determine end-to-end quality. As service level agreements (SLAs) become more complex and specific, additional data needs to be collected and correlated to ensure that agreedto service levels are being met. Because the network connections are not nailed up, RTP data can be used by network engineers to optimize the design and configuration of the network and maintain overall service quality. As failures are discovered, the ability to determine the root cause of a problem quickly and correctly ensures that customer complaints are resolved and the network continues to perform at optimum levels. Figure 3 illustrates how VOIPFUTURE s timely and accurate RTP monitoring can affect multiple business functions. Figure 3: Applications and Use Cases of RTP Monitoring Source: VOIPFUTURE The VOIPFUTURE solution enables CSPs to detect and correlate impairments originating from network equipment or end user devices, providing a complete end-to-end view of each call. Detailed connection monitoring of VoIP calls enables CSPs to offer premium voice services and meet stringent voice SLAs. By reducing the time and effort required 11
12 to solve VoIP quality problems, overall service is improved and that improves customer satisfaction and reduces churn while improving network performance and utilization. VoIP Service Quality is a Differentiator for KielNET As a competitive City Carrier KielNet serves voice customers in the Kieler Forde region of northern Germany. As KielNET migrates to an all-ip network, customers are being transitioned from traditional voice services to VoIP. Introducing new VoIP services was accompanied by challenges in preserving service quality and ensuring that support groups would have the tools they needed to verify and localize call quality degradation, while providing the best possible support to customers. In the KielNET heterogeneous network, active probing could show degradation in voice quality, but did not help to identify the source of the problem or resolve it. Trial-and-error troubleshooting methods ultimately helped to localize the problem, but also required tedious and timeconsuming engineering efforts. KielNET turned to VOIPFUTURE to implement continuous, real-time monitoring of VoIP traffic to qualify customer complaints of poor service quality and to rapidly identify and fix the problems. The VOIPFUTURE probes implement a unique quality evaluation algorithm that rapidly and reliably detects VoIP call quality degradation and localizes its root cause on IP/IMS networks. The VOIPFUTURE solution operates in heterogeneous IP environments and is scalable on standard IT hardware. In addition to user-friendly access to the critical information used to identify, analyze, and resolve VoIP call quality problems, KielNET also reduces the time required to resolve quality issues caused by faulty firmware upgrades or the addition of new network components. CONCLUSIONS As VoIP traffic continues to climb, CSPs are faced with the challenge of ensuring VoIP call quality. Monitoring of real-time VoIP services is complex, and existing IP network management solutions need to be augmented with more comprehensive and sophisticated data collection, correlation, and analysis capabilities. These capabilities need to consider the specific characteristics of voice services by operating with dedicated metrics that provide insight into the user experience. Policy and standard conformance issues also need to be considered, to ensure smooth network operations and pro-active handling of problems. An RTP monitoring solution that provides the diagnostics to assess quality and localize the root causes of impairments will subsequently improve voice quality and network performance. By continuously analyzing the RTP media flow in real time, CSPs can diagnose issues such as limited bandwidth or improperly functioning network components. When you feel sick, you don t need the doctor to tell you so. You want to know what is wrong and what to do about it. The VOIPFUTURE solution described in this paper addresses the complexity of real-time monitoring of VoIP call quality and delivers actionable results. 12
13 Silicon Valley 331 E. Evelyn Ave. Suite 100 Mountain View, CA Tel Fax San Antonio 7550 West Interstate 10, Suite 400, San Antonio, Texas Tel Fax CONTACT US London 4, Grosvenor Gardens, London SWIW ODH,UK Tel 44(0) Fax 44(0) Beijing Bengaluru 877.GoFrost Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Delhi Dubai Frankfurt Kolkata Kuala Lumpur London Manhattan Melbourne Mexico City Milan Mumbai Oxford Palo Alto Paris Rockville Centre San Antonio São Paulo Seoul Shanghai Singapore Sydney Tel Aviv Tokyo Toronto Warsaw ABOUT STRATECAST Stratecast assists clients in achieving their strategic and growth objectives by providing critical, objective and accurate strategic insight on the global communications industry. As a division of Frost & Sullivan, Stratecast s strategic consulting and analysis services complement Frost & Sullivan's Market Engineering and Growth Partnership services. Stratecast's product line includes subscription-based recurring analysis programs focused on Business Communication Services (BCS), Consumer Communication Services (CCS), Communications Infrastructure and Convergence (CIC), OSS and BSS Global Competitive Strategies (OSSCS), and our weekly opinion editorial, Stratecast Perspectives and Insight for Executives (SPIE). Stratecast also produces research modules focused on a single research theme or technology area such as IMS and Service Delivery Platforms (IMS&SDP), Managed and Professional Services (M&PS), Mobility and Wireless (M&W), Multi-Channel Video Programming Distribution (MVPD), and Secure Networking (SN). Custom consulting engagements are available. Contact your Stratecast Account Executive for advice on the best collection of services for your growth needs. ABOUT FROST & SULLIVAN Frost & Sullivan, the Growth Partnership Company, enables clients to accelerate growth and achieve bestin-class positions in growth, innovation and leadership. The company's Growth Partnership Service provides the CEO and the CEO's Growth Team with disciplined research and best-practice models to drive the generation, evaluation, and implementation of powerful growth strategies. Frost & Sullivan leverages 49 years of experience in partnering with Global 1000 companies, emerging businesses and the investment community from more than 40 offices on six continents. To join our Growth Partnership, please visit
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text: Released date: 22 April 2006. WHAT'S CHANGED SINCE 0.8.4bEdit Added delayed airlift. Retrieved from "http://freeciv.wikia.com/wiki/Warclient/NEWS-0.8.5a?oldid=13559" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: NEWS Add category Cancel Save

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Sitka Historical Museum Gift Store
- 330 Harbor Drive
- Sitka, AK 99835
- (907) 747-6455
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- www.sitkahistory.org
- (907) 747-6588
Sitka Historical Museum Gift Store has authentic Russian and Native arts and crafts. an array of gifts, a variety of books, video, jewelry and cards. Conveniently located in downtown Sitka in Harrigan Centennial Hall. All proceeds benefit the Sitka Historical Museum.
- Shipping available:


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With the snowy and cold Chicago winter upon us, everyone is already itching for the spring season to arrive. Since we have a while until then, the wedding planners at Big City Bride wanted to remind you of all the beautiful flowers that will eventually come into bloom. Brides are now preparing for their Chicago spring weddings, and the Big City Bride wedding planners want to share ideas of what types of flowers soon to be married couples can use to make their wedding day a picturesque one.
Here we have a Daffodil to the left and a Forsythia to the right. Yellow is a great spring color, and these flowers would make for a bright spring wedding. Here's an idea! Gray or navy bridesmaids dresses and linens would allow the flowers to pop. A fun color scheme will light up a Chicago venue, and leave an everlasting impression on all the guests!
A bride can never go wrong with purple flowers at their wedding. The Hyacinth on the left and the Lilacs on the right are just two of the many purple flower choices a bride can pick from. For the big day, think about incorporating a variety of candles and lighting to make for a romantic wedding reception.
Spring is also the perfect time for pink! Aside from pink Roses, Peonies and Sweet Peas are gorgeous choices to have in bouquets at the wedding ceremony and in centerpieces at the wedding reception. Using pinks can transform any Chicago wedding venue, and put a smile on guests' faces upon arrival. Lilly's of the Valley (shown on far right) can be very sweet too!
Tulips and Viburnums are another great spring wedding flower option. Tulips come in so many colors and varieties that they are a great addition to whatever floral you have. If you're going for colorful design, the Viburnum berries can be a fun accent.
A couple can not go wrong by choosing to have spring flowers present on their wedding day! The wedding planners at Big City Bride know that choosing the right flowers can completely transform a Chicago wedding ceremony and a Chicago wedding venue! If you choose flowers that are in season then the cost is much more budget friendly! Winter can be a drag, but we have so many spring weddings to look forward to!
http://www.flowers-cs.com has provided us with these photos, go to their website to check out even more spring flower options!
Filed under: Uncategorized
Tags: Big City Bride, chicago wedding, chicago wedding planner, spring wedding flowers, wedding florist


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Wyatt Cenac, Live In Brooklyn; Russell Simmons On Def Jam At 30; Little May Plays Live
In this episode: Earlier this year at RadioLoveFest at BAM, comedian Wyatt Cenac previewed some of his upcoming comedy album and special called Brooklyn. Well, that special just premiered this week – so we thought we'd revisit some of his hilarious set -- about stinky subway cars, being mistaken for a pothead, and the time he unwillingly babysat a child on the street.
Then: Russell Simmons is the entrepreneur and entertainment mogul who co-founded Def Jam Records among a plethora of other highly successful business ventures. Simmons shares some memories from those early days and reflects on 30 years of Def Jam.
Then: The three Australian women who make up Little May blend folk harmony vocals with a catchy pop sensibility – and maybe something a little subversive and darker. Hear the trio perform in the Soundcheck studio.


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About Me
Welcome to my website and my adventures. I am a Dive Master and love to spearfish. I spend most of my time as a Dive Master out of Ponce Inlet with Sea Dogs Dive Center in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. My website is a window into my adventures and helps me share some of my best experiences. I am currently working on local trips in Florida to the Florida Keys. More info will be coming soon. Enjoy!!!


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Komen Ozark
I put the phone up to my ear, the laughter of my friends echoing in the background over the familiar sounds of the musical White Christmas. It was my mom. She sounded cheerful, but I could tell something wasn't quite right. The rest of the conversation is a bit of a blur. Something about the doctor. Test results. Biopsy. Early stages. Cancer. No matter what qualifying words come before it, that word has a way of making your stomach drop...
The Pack Shack NWA
I smile at a new picture of my niece and nephews on Facebook. They're with their mom at Chick-fil-A.
It seems normal to me. It's hard to admit, but if I'm honest? Most of the time I don't think about the fact that there are probably kids their age down the street... who will go to bed hungry tonight. While other kids are excited for the weekend, they will wonder what they're going to eat without the school lunch to count on. I can't imagine what it feels like to hear your precious 2 year old say she's hungry, and not be able to meet that need. There are a lot of people in Northwest Arkansas who don't have to imagine it. Because they're living it...
The day of my first visit to Loving Choices is an uncharacteristically cold day for Northwest Arkansas. Then again, that has been pretty normal this winter. I pull into the small parking lot behind the house, just a few blocks away from the campus of the University of Arkansas. I had heard a lot about this place, and I am anxious to see it for myself.
A volunteer is waiting for me at the door with a warm smile. She shows me a few of the rooms while I wait for the person I am meeting with. "You came in the back door, but this is where the clients would normally first come in." I look around at the entryway and waiting area, beautifully and thoughtfully decorated, and again I'm struck by the warmth. I can imagine what a relief it would be for a woman in crisis to walk through the door and be wrapped up in that warmth. To be reassured with every interaction, whether with a receptionist, a nurse, or a counselor… that this is a safe place.


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Machine Shed Applesauce Sweet Bread
READY IN: 1hr 15mins
Recipe by PrimQuilter
Machine Shed restaurant serves this with all of their meals. Super addictive especially with the nice crunch on top.
Top Review by WhatamIgonnaeatnext
This was not what I was expecting. It was very good, however, so I gave it 5 stars. I was expecting something more like a firmer loaf of bread. This is like a coffee cake. It's good and moist; not dry at all. Thank you for the recipe. I am getting ready to post this in the "New Kids on the Block" recipe tag forum.
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 cups flour
- 1 1⁄2 teaspoons baking soda
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup butter, softened
- 1 1⁄2 cups sugar
- 3 eggs
- 1⁄4 cup evaporated milk (or plain milk)
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- 1 1⁄2 cups applesauce
- 2 tablespoons cinnamon sugar
Directions See How It's Made
- Preheat oven to 325 degrees.
- Grease bottoms and sides of 2 8x4x2 pans.
- In medium bowl, stir together flour, soda and salt; set aside.
- Beat butter in large bowl with mixer for 30 seconds.
- Add sugar and beat until mixed well.
- Beat in eggs, milk and vanilla.
- Beat in applesauce.
- Beat in flour until combined.
- Divide mixture between prepared pans.
- Sprinkle tops of each with cinnamon sugar.
- Bake 60 minutes or until toothpick comes out clean.
- Cool in pans on wire racks for 10 minutes, remove from pans and cool completely.
- Cut in 3" squares.


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The big change in Myanmar's telecom sector has been the entry of two foreign operators in the local mobile market, joining the former monopoly operator, Myanmar Post and Telecommunications (MPT). Buoyed by the success of the arrival of Qatar's Ooredoo and Norway's Telenor. A license for a fourth mobile licence is scheduled to be awarded during 2016. The joint venture will be 51% owned by the SPV, whilst the foreign partner will hold the remaining 49%.
Much work remains to be done however, with Myanmar being the last underdeveloped telecommunication markets in Asia. Despite the fresh new focus on mobile services and the exploding growth in that sector, by 2016 only a few people had access to a fixed telephone line.
Although the first internet connections were established back in 2000, internet services in Myanmar still remain slow and unstable. The fixed broadband market remains highly underdeveloped, mainly due to the dominance of the mobile platform and an unwillingness by operators to invest in fixed broadband infrastructure. Penetration stood at just 0.5% in 2016 and is predicted to increase at a slow rate during the five years to 2021.
Fixed line telephone penetration remains very low at just under 1% and has been gradually declining since 2014 due to the dominance and maturity of the mobile market. Penetration decreased from 1.00% in 2013 to 0.96% in 2016.
Mynanmar's mobile market has experienced very strong growth from 2013 to 2016. Penetration has risen from 7% in 2013 to 85% by 2016, by which time the market reached 46 million subscribers. Further strong growth is also predicted over the next five years to 2021. By 2018 the market is expected to reach mobile penetration of over 90%.
Mobile broadband has experienced very strong growth, driven by high rapid growth in the mobile sector. Penetration has increased from 15% in 2014, to 26% in 2015 and 35% in 2016. Strong growth is predicted over the next five years however at a slower rate.
International internet bandwidth continues to grow strongly reaching 43,400 Mb/s in 2015 and 53,000Mb/s in 2016.
In April 2016 Vietnamese military-owned group Viette lannounced its plans for its operations in Myanmar in securing the nation's fourth mobile licence. It expects to spend USD1.5 billion on the construction of a 3G network using the 900MHz and 2100MHz bands, with coverage due to reach 95% of the population within three years. It will also introduce 1800MHz LTE services if the government opts to license the additional spectrum.
Myanmar Post and Telecommunications (MPT); Telenor Myanmar; Ooredoo Myanmar; KDDI; Sumitomo; SingTel, China Mobile; Axiata Group; Digicel; Qatar Telecom; Viettel Group; Vodafone.
Broadband Fixed
Mobile Communications (voice and infrastructure)
Strategies & Analyses (Industry & Markets)
Telecoms Infrastructure
Number of pages 39
Status Current
Last updated 24 Aug 2016
Update History
Analyst: Phil Harpur
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KTA is back on world famous Boracay Island, Philippines, for the 3rd round of the season. ...On 27 March 2013 / By Kitemovement
Paula Rosales from the Philippines presents the first day of KTA Thailand 2013 in Pak Nam Pran Beach, Pranburi. ...On 15 March 2013 / By Kitemovement
Paula Rosales, Victoria Soloveykina and Helena Brochocka show us how good the conditions in Boracay can be. ...On 12 March 2013 / By Kitemovement
Have a look at Mike Judic riding in Philippines. This short movie was shot by Nicolas Paris and we ...On 9 March 2013 / By Kitemovement
Have a look at this edit picturing riders such as Nils Heuman, Linus Thuresson, Elias Pellby and Emil Åmand ...On 6 March 2013 / By Kitemovement
This video was recorded on Bulabog Beach, Boracay, by Zuza Czaplinska and some friends while teaching, chillin, riding and ...On 27 February 2013 / By Kitemovement
A short edit filmed on Seco Island on Philippines. Seco Island is a small island with no civilization. If ...On 21 February 2013 / By Kitemovement
Republ1c Wakepark and CWC are proud to present a new film by Patrick Wieland called "THIS TIME AROUND." ...On 20 February 2013 / By Kitemovement
Watch the fifth part of the 'FreeRide Project' movie. Featuring: Aaron Hadlow, Tom Court, Sam Light and James Boulding ...On 18 February 2013 / By Kitemovement
This short movie was shot in 3 wonderful places and it pictures talented rider Nicolas Gambier. ...On 3 December 2012 / By Kitemovement
Somewhere between Sierra Madre and Cordillera mountains in the northern Philippines exists a place called Cagayan Valley. ...On 22 November 2012 / By Kitemovement
Check out James Windsor, Matty Hasler, Angelika Schriber, Mattias Hoppe, San Im, Kim Yong Il and Daniel Grant shred ...On 20 September 2012 / By Kitemovement
© 2007-2015 KiteMovement. All rights reserved.


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Posted by Jim
Hired Shannon after divorce and poor service and results from prior attorney. She handled several issues related to first divorce, and was pleased with the process and results. 9 years later handled second divorce and was complete start to finish in under 90 days. Still use her as issues arise. Professional and great to work with, additionally her staff has always been positive and responsive.


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|Sound recordings
Streaming audio
Musical settings
Songs and music
|Formato Físico Adicional:
|Source record:
Feigin, Joel.
Albany, NY : North/South Recordings, [1996]
|Pessoa Denominada:
|Kabir; Linda Pastan; Wallace Stevens; Kabir; Linda Pastan; Wallace Stevens
|Tipo de Material:
|Música, Gravação de som, Recurso Internet
|Tipo de Documento
|Recursos de internet, Arquivo de computador, Gravação de som
|Todos os Autores / Contribuintes:
Joel Feigin; Christine Schadeberg; Fred Cohen; Musician' Accord (Musical group)
|Número OCLC:
|Nota do Idioma:
|Sung in English; translated from Hindi (1st work), Vietnamese (7th work), and Japanese (9th work).
|For soprano, flute, bass clarinet, percussion, and piano (1st work); violin and piano (2nd work); soprano, flute, viola, contrabass, percussion, and piano (3rd work); flute and piano (4th work); soprano, flute, cello, percussion, and piano (5th work); flute and piano (6th work); soprano, clarinet, and piano (7th work); oboe, viola, and piano (7th work); soprano and harp (8th work); and oboe and percussion (9th work).
Words by Trieu Vu (7th work), and various Japanese poets (9th work).
|Christine Schadeberg, soprano ; Musicians' Accord ; Fred Cohen, conductor.
|Notas de produção:
|Recorded Sept. 13-14, 1995 (1st, 3rd, 6th, 8th, and 10th works) and mar. 22-23, 1996 (2nd, 4th-5th, and 7th works), St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Chelsea, New York City; and Mar. 10, 1996, the Mansion, Farleigh Dickinson University, Madison, N.J. (9th work).
|1 online resource (1 sound file)
|Five ecstatic poems of Kabir (18:21) --
Veränderungen (15:11) --
Four poems of Linda Pastan. Instructions to the reader ; PM ; AM ; We come to silence (14:09) --
Four fantasy pieces (9:30) --
Four poems of Wallace Stevens. The Irish cliffs of Moher ; A child asleep in its own life ; Reality is an activity of the most august imagination ; Of mere being (11:46) --
Nexus (10:44) --
First tragedy (10:45) --
Echoes from the Holocaust (17:57) --
Eight Japanese poems. Unaware ; I'm cheerful ; Fireflies ; Buddha law ; Listen ; Don't weep ; Cuckoo sings ; To clouds (7:01) --
Transience (10:03).
|Título da Série:
|Classical music library.
|Outros Títulos:
|Five ecstatic poems of Kabir.
Four poems of Wallace Stevens.
Music by Joel Feigin
Ítens Similares
- Kabir, -- active 15th century -- Musical settings.
- Pastan, Linda, -- 1932- -- Musical settings.
- Stevens, Wallace, -- 1879-1955 -- Musical settings.
- Kabir, -- active 15th century.
- Pastan, Linda, -- 1932-
- Stevens, Wallace, -- 1879-1955.
- Songs (High voice) with instrumental ensemble.
- Violin and piano music.
- Flute and piano music.
- Trios (Piano, oboe, viola)
- Songs (High voice) with harp.
- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Songs and music.


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A look at the global culture and appeal of the LEGO building-block toys.
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Leal on pole after breath-taking qualifying First Auto GP pole position for Julian Leal, at the end of a very exciting session in which a red flag, caused by Stefano Bizzarri ending in the gravel, did send the drivers back on track with just 3...
Leal on pole after breath-taking qualifying
First Auto GP pole position for Julian Leal, at the end of a very exciting session in which a red flag, caused by Stefano Bizzarri ending in the gravel, did send the drivers back on track with just 3 minutes to improve on a track that was drying quickly after a light rain drizzle.
The Colombian driver made the most of a very good job by his team, Trident Racing: they were able to put him in front of the group at the restart, and thanks to this he was the only one, together with Giacomo Ricci, to end the first flying lap before the checkered flag, so earning another try that was vital with the track conditions improving so quickly.
Leal finished ahead of Piscopo, just one tenth adrift and very quick also in the first part of the session, before it was halted. The championship leader is also 6 places ahead of his main rival, Romain Grosjean. Third place and second row for Jonny Reid, that confirmed his good feeling with the car in qualifying conditions after the pole in Brno and Spa's P3.
The New Zealander managed to keep Duncan Tappy behind by just 0.04! Third row and good performance in his Auto GP debut for Giacomo Ricci, 5th in front of Jan Charouz and Fabio Onidi. Good performance also for Alexander Sims: the Charouz-Gravity Racing rookie occupied the top spots for the whole session, but in the last lap he did a mistake in the last sector while everybody improved, and that put him in P10.
Julian Leal: "I'm very happy, and not just for the pole position but also for how important starting in front can be here. I don't think that overtaking will be easy on this track, so starting from the front seems a big advantage. I did a great lap, and the team did a great job living me that extra try, they deserve a big thank you!".
Edoardo Piscopo: "I was in front for nearly the whole session so losing pole is a bit frustrating, but I'm anyway happy of 1st row, furthermore knowing that Leal had one Flying lap more than me. I'm way in front of Grosjean and this also sounds good looking to the rest of the weekend!".
Jonny Reid: "It was a very difficult session, when you know that you have just one lap you can only do your best: That's what I did, and it was fine. It reminded me a bit of A1GP, with that format having just one try was normal, and maybe that experience helped me a bit today".
-source: auto gp


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booksBack to books
GSMNP: quilts and coverlets of the smokies
Born of necessity, these handmade covers were things of beauty, created with care and love, and each and every one telling stories of people's lives. This book includes six traditional quilt patterns you can make yourself. Published by Great Smoky Mountains Association. All purchases benefit the educational and historical programs of Great Smoky M0untains National Park. Filled with color photos of quilts and quilting equipment. By Rose Houk, 68 pages, softcover.


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In a certain code 'look at this' means 'me non cac', 'this is beautiful' means 'qa se non', 'look beautiful thing' means 'dha qa me','at this place time' means 'cac non le dho' and 'time is going' means ' se dho wh'.
What should be the code for 'wh dha non le'
A going place things beautiful B this place is beautiful C going beautiful look place
D can't determine E None of these
Look = me, at = cac, this = non, is = se, beautiful = qa, things = dha, place = le,
time = dho, going = wh
going things this place
Ans. E
going things this place


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I stayed at executive twin-bedded room. Bed is so good. and The room where I had stayed was very wide. Staff and Equipment are so nice. The traffic of this hotel is inconvenient. And this hotel surrounding was under construction.(1st floor is Now construction!) so in the morning, I have heard of the small sound of construction. and I can't catch the taxi in the morning. many people waiting...
Please write at least 15 words
Brand new hotel with very nice rooms and great views. Excellent service and friendly staff. Very good breakfast.
just perfect
Breakfast buffet was outstanding I needed a big vehicle to take my family and luggage to the train station, hotel was not able to assist.
It was great value for money. We had a nice room on the 16th floor with a king sized bed - just as I requested. The buffet breakfast was great, we had a lovely bath in our room and the mud body wrap at the spa was amazing .... It's about a $60 taxi ride from the bund which wasn't too bad or a train ride for about $4 to the expo site. The staff were very eager to please. Nothing to grumble about. But if anything the location, but that depends on what you want to do while in Shanghai.
Shanghai in early March was cold, grey, rainy, windy simply dreary. But our stay at the Radisson Hotel Shanghai Hong Quan definitely brightened our stay. Airport/Hotel Transportation: Arranged limousine service to pick me up in the airport. And it is not far away from the Pudong international Airport, only takes around 45 mins. Location: it is convenient to go to Hong Qiao area, only 15 minutes by taxi. Check-in: Was very fast, we were escorted to the lobby and was in our room less than 10 minutes. Room: The hotel is extremely comfortable. We stayed in a Deluxe room and it was exquisite. The space, the layout, quality of the furnishings, and the best hotel bathroom in the world made the room memorable. Bed: The Mattress was very comfortable not really too soft and not hard either, I have to say its just right. Restaurant: The dinning room serves buffet breakfast, dinner. I find the breakfast good. Service at the restaurant is attentive and I like the food. It ...
Had a very pleasant stay in the Radisson Hotel Shanghai Hong Quan. The hotel is elegant, clean and well kept. Staff were helpful. The Breakfast buffet included a mix of traditional Chinese and western dishes and was very tasty. In the neighborhood there is a carrefour only need to walk by 5 minutes.It is also easy for us to take metro No.11 to go to the down town. The most good point which is the free Internet service is available in the room. Definitely , I will come back next time.
O hotel é incrível! É excelente. O designer dos móveis e objetos, o cuidado com os detalhes, o perfeito funcionamento dos equipamentos, os detalhes dos objetos para banho, tudo foi pensado para o bem estar! Tudo com design. O tamanho do quarto é excelente! A localização do hotel é um pouco distante do centro, mas metro está bem a porta e táxi em Shanghai é muito barato! Vale a pena ficar no hotel pela qualidade x preço.
service was not good - the pool was closed during our stay there and this was not advertised to customers - i had called to check reservations one week and one day prior and neither instance did they mention the closure of the pool. obviously, the pool was very important to us - we decided on this hotel versus the holiday inn express which had much cheaper rates [1/2 the price in fact]. every single service you had to pay for - which again, at the holiday inn express where the room rate was half, these services were included - such as use of the computers at the business center. the reservations manager made a mistake on my reservation and when i called to inquire about it, he shouted at me on the phone for 20 minutes.
Relação preço/qualidade. Localização algo desconhecida para a maioria dos taxistas.
As instalacoes do hotel Todos os taxistas desconhecem o endereco, mesmo mostrando o mapa fornecido pelo hotel. Deveriam melhorar o mapa e a descricao do endereco. Optamos por mudar de hotel, porque fica longe do centro e em funcao das dificuldades em voltar a noite para o hotel, depois de 3 tentativas de explicar o endereco para os motoristas de taxi.
Gostei das facilidades disponibilizadas pelo hotel. Simples e com servicos bons. O ruim realmente e a localização, longe do metro e localizado em uma area urbana que esta sendo reconstruida. Melhorar acesso ao metro e vias de acesso.


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Data from: Stepwise evolution of resistance to toxic cardenolides via genetic substitutions in the Na+/K+-ATPase of milkweed butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danaini)
Date Published: April 18, 2013
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.v7cj8
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|Photometric data ouabain sensitivity of Na+/K+-ATPase
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|Descriptions are included in the data file.
|NaKATPase_Petschenkaetal.pdf (68.08 Kb)
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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I am in the final stages of a 5 year legal battle over a 4% undivided interest in a hill country ranch. During my preparation I discovered a 300' discrepancy in the north border of a 95 acre tract. In 1986 my Aunt sold the 95 acre tract to the adjoining west boundary land owner. The north boundary was on the south side of the road/creek. In 1990 that ranch was sold to another person, and the boundary was accepted. In 2000 that same ranch was sold again and the new owner ordered a new survey. The new survey was made showing the boundary on the north side of the road/creek. The North boundary meandered with Ash Creek and the road ran along the south side of the creek. There was an existing fence on each side of the road/creek allowing for a 300' wide flash flood corridor. I discovered this error in 2009 when a survey was done by the Trustee of the Trust and discovered 40 acres was missing. I informed the Trustee of the issue and he chose to ignore it and has since sold all of his interest in the Estate/Trust.
If the legal description is incorrect, you may file a "correction deed" to correct the error.
Note that if a neighboring property owner also claims the area you are adding to the legal description, you may be setting up a boundary line dispute.
If this answer was helpful, please mark it as helpful or as a best answer. This answer is for general education purposes only. It neither creates an attorney-client relationship nor provides legal guidance or advice. The answer is based on the limited information provided and the answer might be different had additional information been provided. You should consult an attorney.Ask a similar question
A correction deed works if the original parties are available. If not, you may need a judicial clarification or order to clear any title defects. An experienced attorney should be able to review your facts at length and help. Good luck.
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I agree with the other attorneys concerning a Correction Deed. You might also note that there are priorities with respect to calls made in a metes and bounds description. Therefore, there may be a possibility for both surveys to be accurate, based on the calls (calls to markers, section boundary lines, etc take precedence over distances).
Also, there is a lot of law governing "Strips and Gores" which, depending on the situation, may be operative in correcting the metes and bounds description without obtaining a correction deed. The doctrine of strips and gores applies to small portions of tracts that a seller would have no reason to keep (including lands in road right-of-ways).
Also, if the creek is 30 feet in width, it may be considered navigable. This is another can of worms.
So you have several issue to consider here. You should consult the attorney representing you in your ongoing legal battle. The facts will dictate as to whether a correction deed is necessary.
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Admire the most beautiful places of Pontenure and add them to your basket. YAMGU will create your trip considering distances, opening hours and weather.
This villa, originally named "Villa Fortunata, was built by Armando, belonging to the good burghers ligure, between 1882 and 1885, on Genoese project Luigi Rovelli. It is surrounded by a vast park (approximately 60,000 square meters) with great richness of detail, plant essences that make it a fine example of what is called "garden of import" of Mediterranean type. In this park is the theater, which is a rare and curious example of its kind, it basically connects between their two wings of hothouses whose concrete structure , cast iron and glass is quite similar to that of large nurseries in


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Order #: SET107
Reading Level: K-6
Price: $43.99
Total Page: 213
Author: Leslie Fowler, Natalie Regier and Vera Trembach
Our Water SET combines 3 titles in one bundle:
Oceans Alive
Air, Water and the Environment
The Sea
About Oceans Alive:
Water, an extremely precious resource, is the basis for this exciting, hands-on unit on oceans. Student notes will have students playing in the waves, comparing fresh water and salt water, and creating oil spills right in their own classroom. The worksheets supplement all of the core lessons. Complete with optional activities that will have your students cooking and drawing, will give students a different perspective about oceans. A final exam to test students knowledge of the information contained in this unit is also included.
About Air, Water and the Environment:
Throughout our unit on air and water, children learn about the role of air in our environment, the air cycle, wind and the role it plays in our lives, plants and how they help us live, weather vanes, air pollution, the role of water in our environment, the water cycle, evaporation and condensation of water, rain gauges and water pollution. The unit starts off with a set of lesson plans for the teacher. Details are provided for the activities that the children participate in during each lesson. Then, the majority of the lessons center around the provided fact cards and discovery cards. The unit ends with a vocabulary match game and science fair project planning outline that are used during the lessons of the units.
About The Sea:
Students learn about the different sea creatures with our comprehensive resource that combines science with language arts. Sea pictures, as well as hands-on, illustrated vocabulary cards, and big book and little book patterns for "Monday is a Mermaid", which features creatures of the sea and the days of the week, are all included in this resource. Stories and games are also included. Contents include: Little Book - A Little Pirate Story, Hands on Patterns, Shell game, Song and Poem, Activities, Journal Word Cards, Bookmaking, Sea Illustrations, Art Activity, and Clip Art.
This Earth Science Set provides a teacher and student section with a variety of reading passages, activities, lessons, crossword, word search, board game, and answer key to create a well-rounded lesson plan.
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The Tourist Review
December 10, 2010 by Post Team
The Tourist Review, The script for the tourist is better than the script for Knight & Day, but both were completely workable ideas with scenarios completely feasible and each had two main stars who could absolutely respect the idea behind these movies … Retro Hitchcokian / Wilderian thrillers with a sense of humor and fun roles from their stars.
And both fail to offer because the two films chose the wrong director. Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck has done a great movie in the lives of others. It is intimate, elegant and demanding … not only the opposite of what the tourist is, but is the opposite of the intent of the tourist. It is palpable in the first scene … something is wrong … the movie is like watching a woman in a tight pencil skirt trying to crawl in the mud 2 feet while showing no sign of trouble on his face. What the hell are they doing? This is not Mission: Impossible (or salt). It's not really a drama. And if it's supposed to be mysterious, perhaps they needed to have something real to unravel. And Depp is … in a comedy. He and Jolie haaaaard work to try to make it work. But this great director … uh … how to say…
They had a romantic thriller that could have starred Cary Grant and Grace Kelly … light on its feet … ventilated … Funny … and they hired a German director!
With due respect to Germans who have a knack for light comedy … seriously … Mostly I liked Martha, but even the director would not be the right person for this material.
And Knight and Day? James Mangold has supplied almost all the big movie star he ever worked with. Appointments at the box office and good in every way. And K & Disaster D was not financially or creatively. But we had a light touch that the director of Walk the Line, Girl, Interrupted, Copland and not the good guys. I came to love and appreciate Mangold increasingly over the years. But funny? No.
It reminds you how good movies are tricky. And how really talented people can be just the wrong people for a particular project.
The script for the tourist is, I believe, better … but I think that Knight & Day is the best film. But the two films could well have been very fun for the audience … antics would be watched again and again … the kind of movies that make you smile – and stop – when the distant past on your cable / satellite when they get there, just for a moment, and then you slide
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