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1 THE MUST EXPLANATORY BOOKLET A Guide to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ( MUST ) for Adults Edited on behalf of MAG by Vera Todorovic, Christine Russell and Marinos Elia
3 THE MUST EXPLANATORY BOOKLET A Guide to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ( MUST ) for Adults Edited on behalf of MAG by Vera Todorovic, Christine Russell and Marinos Elia Members of the Malnutrition Action Group (MAG), a Standing Committee of the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN): Professor Marinos Elia (Chairman), Christine Russell, Dr Rebecca Stratton, Vera Todorovic, Liz Evans, Kirstine Farrer
4 The MUST Explanatory Booklet has been designed to explain the need for nutritional screening and how to undertake screening using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ( MUST ). It can also be used for training purposes. The Booklet is part of the MUST toolkit (see musttoolkit.html) which also includes The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ( MUST ) The MUST Report The MUST calculator e-learning modules on nutritional screening using MUST The MUST App For further information on any aspect of the MUST, care plan, or references, please see the full guideline document The MUST Report. This Explanatory Booklet, MUST and the Executive Summary of The MUST Report are available to download from the BAPEN website Printed copies of all MUST materials are available to purchase from the BAPEN office Secure Hold Business Centre, Studley Road, Redditch, Worcs B98 7LG Tel: Details of other BAPEN publications can be found at MUST is supported by the British Dietetic Association, The Royal College of Nursing, the Registered Nursing Home Association and the Royal College of Physicians 1st published November Revised and reprinted November 2011 BAPEN November 2003 ISBN Published by BAPEN, registered charity number All rights reserved. This document may be photocopied for dissemination and training purposes as long as the source is credited and recognised. Copy may be reproduced for the purposes of publicity and promotion. Written permission must be sought from BAPEN if substantial reproduction or adaptation is required.
5 The British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN) BAPEN is a multi-professional association and registered charity established in Its membership is drawn from doctors, dietitians, nurses, patients, pharmacists and from the health policy, industry, public health and research sectors. BAPEN works to achieve its mission by raising awareness of the prevalence and impact of malnutrition, raising standards in nutritional care and developing appropriate pathways to prevent malnutrition. BAPEN researches and publishes the evidence on malnutrition, and provides tools, guidance, educational resources and events for all health and care professionals to support the implementation of nutritional care across all settings and according to individual need. BAPEN works in partnership with its membership, its core specialist groups and external stakeholders to embed excellent nutritional care into the policy, processes and practices of all health and care settings. The Malnutrition Action Group (MAG) is a Standing Committee of BAPEN. For membership details, contact the BAPEN office or log on to the BAPEN website
6 The MUST Explanatory Booklet Contents 1. Background 1 Purpose... 1 Definition of malnutrition... 1 Malnutrition and public health... 1 Consequences of malnutrition... 3 Evaluation and review Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST 5 Nutritional screening... 5 How to screen using the MUST... 5 Steps The care plan... 9 Oral nutritional interventions... 9 Food... 9 Oral nutritional supplements... 9 Artificial nutritional support... 9 Monitoring Taking measurements with the MUST 10 Measuring height and weight Height Weight Calculation of body mass index (BMI) Alternative measurements Height Length of forearm(ulna) Knee height Demispan Weight Recent weight loss Estimating BMI category Measuring mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) Weight change over time Notes, Charts and Tables 17 Notes The MUST flowchart BMI chart and BMI score Weight loss tables References 23
7 Background 1. Background Purpose The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ( MUST ) has been designed to help identify adults who are underweight and at risk of malnutrition, as well as those who are obese. It has not been designed to detect deficiencies in or excessive intakes of vitamins and minerals. Definition of malnutrition There is no universally accepted definition of malnutrition but the following is increasingly being used: Malnutrition is a state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body form (body shape, size and composition) and function, and clinical outcome 1 Although the term malnutrition can refer to both under and overnutrition it is used here to refer to undernutrition. A BMI >30kg/m 2 is used to indicate very overweight (obese) individuals. Malnutrition and public health It has been estimated that at any one time more than 3 million people in the UK are at risk of malnutrition 2 and, yet it continues to be an under-recognised and under-treated problem. Furthermore, the public health expenditure on disease-related malnutrition in the UK in 2007 was calculated to be in excess of 13 billion per annum, about 80% of which was in England 2. This is a heavy burden and cost to bear not only for individuals, but for health and social care services, and society as a whole. Table 1 summarises the prevalence of malnutrition (medium and high risk according to MUST combined) on admission to care settings across the UK which highlights the size of the problem. Figures are taken from BAPEN s Nutrition Screening Week surveys undertaken in 2007, 2008 and
8 Background Table 1 Summary of malnutrition risk (medium plus high risk according to MUST ) on admission to care taken from BAPEN Nutrition Screening Week data 3-5 Care setting Malnutrition risk Data source (medium and high risk combined) Hospital % at risk of malnutrition 28% NSW 2007, % NSW 2010 Care Homes* 30% NSW % NSW % NSW 2010 Mental Health Units 19% NSW % NSW % NSW 2010 * Figures are for residents admitted to care homes within past 6 months Data from studies in outpatient clinics suggests that 16-21% patients are at risk of malnutrition (medium and high risk) with those at risk experiencing significantly more hospital admissions and significantly longer length of hospital stay. 6-8 A small number of surveys to estimate the risk of malnutrition have been carried out on people living in sheltered housing accommodation in the UK. Data from these studies suggest that 10-14% are at risk of malnutrition (medium and high risk according to MUST combined ) At any given point in time, the vast majority (93%) of people at risk of malnutrition are living in the community, 5% are in care homes and 2% are in hospital. 2 The most vulnerable nutritionally at risk groups include those with chronic diseases, the elderly, those recently discharged from hospital, and those who are poor or socially isolated. 2 2
9 Table 2 Consequences of malnutrition Background Malnutrition is frequently undetected and untreated causing a wide range of adverse consequences. 2 Effect Impaired immune response Reduced muscle strength and fatigue Inactivity Loss of temperature regulation Impaired wound healing Impaired ability to regulate salt and fluid Impaired ability to regulate periods Impaired foetal and infant programming Growth failure Impaired psycho-social function Consequence Impaired ability to fight infection Inactivity, and reduced ability to work, shop, cook and self-care. Poor muscle function may result in falls, and in the case of poor respiratory muscle function result in poor cough pressure delaying expectoration and recovery from chest infection In bed-bound patients, this may result in pressure ulcers and venous blood clots, which can break loose and embolise Hypothermia Increased wound-related complications, such as infections and un-united fractures Predisposes to over-hydration, or dehydration Impaired reproductive function Malnutrition during pregnancy predisposes to common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes (in adulthood) Stunting, delayed sexual development, reduced muscle mass and strength Even when uncomplicated by disease, malnutrition causes apathy, depression, introversion, self-neglect, hypochondriasis, loss of libido and deterioration in social interactions (including mother-child bonding) (adapted from Combating Malnutrition: Recommendations for Action. BAPEN ) These adverse effects of malnutrition increase costs to the Health and Social care services throughout the UK and the community as a whole. In the community, elderly individuals identified as at risk of malnutrition with MUST are more likely to be admitted to hospital and to visit their GP more frequently 12. Underweight individuals (BMI <20 kg/m 2 ) have also been shown to consume more healthcare resources than those with a BMI between 20 and 25 kg/m 2, having more prescriptions (9%), more GP visits (6%) and more hospital admissions (25%). 13 In hospital, patients at risk of malnutrition stay in hospital significantly longer than those who are not malnourished and are more likely to be discharged to health care destinations other than home. 14,15 3
10 Background Evaluation and review The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ( MUST ) has been evaluated in hospital wards, outpatient clinics, general practice, the community and in care homes. Using the MUST to categorise patients for their risk of malnutrition was found to be easy, rapid, reproducible, and internally consistent. MUST can be used in patients in whom height and weight are not obtainable, as a range of alternative measures and subjective criteria are provided. Positive results have been described for patients self-screening with MUST with screening results comparable to those of health professionals. 16 The evidence base for MUST is summarised in The MUST Report, copies of which are available from the BAPEN Office. The MUST was developed in 2003 by the multidisciplinary Malnutrition Advisory Group (MAG), a Standing Committee of the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN). The development of MUST was independently reviewed by members of the Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of General Practitioners, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Nursing, British Dietetic Association and many other organisations, independent clinicians and healthcare practitioners. The MUST continues to be supported by MAG (now called the Malnutrition Action Group) and educational resources and other tools have been developed to aid it s implementation. Staff who undertake nutritional screening using MUST should be appropriately trained to ensure that they are competent to do so. Information on BAPEN s E-learning resources on using MUST in hospital and community settings is available at MUST is the most widely used nutritional screening tool in the UK. 5 It is also commonly used in other countries worldwide. MUST is reviewed on an annual basis. 4
11 2. Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST Nutritional screening Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST This is the first step in identifying subjects who may be at nutritional risk or potentially at risk, and who may benefit from appropriate nutritional intervention. It is a rapid, simple and general procedure used by nursing, medical, or other staff on first contact with the subject so that clear guidelines for action can be implemented and appropriate nutritional advice provided. Some subjects may just need help and advice with eating and drinking; others may need to be referred for more expert advice. Screening may need to be repeated regularly as a subject s clinical condition and nutritional problems can change. It is particularly important to re-assess subjects identified at risk as they move through care settings. It is always better to prevent or detect problems early by screening than discover serious problems later How to screen using the MUST There are five steps to follow: Steps 1 and 2 Gather nutritional measurements (height, weight, BMI, recent unplanned weight loss). If it is not possible to obtain height and weight, use alternative measurements (see pp ). Step 3 Consider the effect of acute disease. Step 4 Determine the overall risk score or category of malnutrition. If neither BMI nor weight loss can be established, assess overall risk subjectively using Other criteria (see page 7). Step 5 Using the management guidelines and/or local policy, form an appropriate care plan. See example on pages 8-9 for care planning considerations and page 19 on the MUST flowchart. 5
12 Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST Steps 1 5 Step 1: Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ) BMI gives a rapid interpretation of chronic protein-energy status based on an individual s height and weight. Take the subject s height and weight to calculate BMI, or use the BMI chart (see pp for the MUST BMI chart) to establish the subject s BMI score. If weight and height are not available, self reported height or weight, if realistic and reliable, may be appropriate. Alternative measurements and observations can also be used (see pp.10-15). If unobtainable, subjective criteria (see page 7) should be used to give an overall clinical impression of the subject s nutritional risk category. Step 2: Weight loss Unplanned weight loss over 3 6 months is a more acute risk factor for malnutrition than BMI. To establish the subject s weight loss score, ask if there has been any weight loss in the last 3 6 months, and if so how much (or look in their medical records). Deduct current weight from previous weight to calculate amount of weight lost. Use weight loss tables (see page 22) to establish weight loss score. If the subject has not lost weight (or has gained weight) score 0. Table 3 Weight loss score Score Unplanned weight loss in past 3 6 months (% body weight) Significance 2 >10 Clinically significant More than normal intra-individual variation - early indicator of increased risk of undernutrition 0 <5 Within normal intra- individual variation 6
13 Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST Step 3: Acute disease can affect risk of malnutrition If the subject is currently affected by an acute patho-physiological or psychological condition, and there has been no nutritional intake or likelihood of no intake for more than 5 days, they are likely to be at nutritional risk. Such patients include those who are critically ill, those who have swallowing difficulties (e.g. after stroke), or head injuries or are undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. This is unlikely to occur in the community or in patients attending outpatient clinics. Add 2 to the score Step 4: Overall risk of malnutrition Establish overall risk of malnutrition after considering all relevant factors. Add scores together from Steps 1, 2 and 3 to calculate overall risk of malnutrition. 0 = low risk 1 = medium risk 2 or more = high risk If neither BMI nor weight loss can be established, assess overall risk category using the Subjective criteria in the box below. Subjective criteria If height, weight or BMI cannot be obtained, the following criteria which relate to them can help form a clinical impression of an individual s overall nutritional risk category. The factors listed below can either contribute to or influence the risk of malnutrition. Please note, these criteria should be used collectively not separately as alternatives to Steps 1 and 2 of MUST and are not designed to assign an actual score. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) may be used to estimate BMI category (see page 16) in order to support your overall impression of the subject s nutritional risk. BMI Clinical impression - thin, acceptable weight, overweight. Obvious wasting (very thin) and obesity (very overweight) can be noted. continued >> 7
14 Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST Weight loss Clothes and/or jewellery have become loose fitting. History of decreased food intake, reduced appetite or dysphagia (swallowing problems) over 3 6 months and underlying disease or psychosocial/ physical disabilities likely to cause weight loss. Acute disease Acutely ill and no nutritional intake or likelihood of no intake for more than 5 days. Estimate a malnutrition risk category (low, medium or high) based on your overall evaluation. Step 5: Management guidelines Setting an appropriate care plan Record subject s overall risk score, agree and document a care plan and any advice given. Subjects in high or medium risk categories typically require some form of intervention as suggested in the box below. For an example of management guidelines, see the MUST flowchart on page 19. Table 4 Overall MUST score and suggested management guidelines MUST score (BMI + weight loss + acute disease effect) Overall risk of malnutrition Action 2 or more High Treat - unless detrimental or no benefit from nutritional support expected e.g. imminent death. 1 Medium Observe - or treat if approaching high risk or if rapid clinical deterioration anticipated. 0 Low Routine care - unless major clinical deterioration expected In obese subjects, underlying acute conditions are generally controlled before treating obesity 8
15 Nutritional screening and care planning with the MUST The care plan 1. Set aims and objectives of treatment. 2. Treat any underlying conditions. 3. Treat malnutrition with food and/or oral nutritional supplements (ONS). Subjects who are unable to meet their nutritional requirements orally may require artificial nutritional support e.g. enteral or parenteral nutrition. None of these methods are exclusive and combinations of any or all may be needed. If subjects are overweight or obese, follow local guidelines for weight management. 4. Monitor and review nutritional intervention and care plan. 5. Reassess subjects identified at nutritional risk as they move through care settings. Oral nutritional interventions Food and fluid Consider the following: Provide help and advice on food choices, eating and drinking. Ensure tasty, attractive food of good nutritional value during and between meals. It is important to ensure that the full range of nutrients (including macro and micro nutrients ) are provided during the day. Ensure provision of adequate fluids Offer assistance with shopping, cooking and eating where appropriate. Provide a pleasant environment in which to eat - in hospital, at home, in dining clubs or via other organisations. Oral nutritional supplements Consider the following: Use ONS if it is not possible to meet nutritional requirements from food. Typically an additional daily intake of kcal can be of value. Intake of ONS can be improved by varying the texture and flavours offered. The use of energy and protein dense ONS should be considered for patients who are unable to consume the volume of a standard ONS. Dietary advice and counselling should be given when recommending ONS. Artificial nutritional support (enteral and parenteral nutrition) If required, follow local policy. Monitoring All subjects identified as being at risk of malnutrition should be monitored on a regular basis to ensure that their care plan continues to meet their needs. 9
16 Taking measurements for use with the MUST 3. Taking measurements for use with the MUST Measuring height and weight Height Use a height stick (stadiometer) where possible. Make sure it is correctly positioned against the wall. Ask subject to remove shoes and to stand upright, feet flat, heels against the height stick or wall (if height stick not used). Make sure the subject is looking straight ahead and lower the head plate until it gently touches the top of the head. Read and document height. Weight Use clinical scales wherever possible. 17 Make sure they have been regularly checked for accuracy and ensure that they read zero without the subject standing on them. Weigh subject in light clothing and without shoes. Calculation of body mass index (BMI) Actual BMI can be calculated using the following equation: Weight (kg) BMI = Height (m) 2 The BMI score can be obtained using the BMI chart provided (see pp ). Alternative measurements Height If height cannot be measured, use recently documented or self-reported height (if reliable and realistic). If height cannot be measured or the subject does not know or is unable to report their height, the following alternative measurements can be used to calculate height. 10
17 Taking measurements for use with the MUST (i) Length of forearm (ulna) Ask subject to bend an arm (left side if possible), palm across chest, fingers pointing to opposite shoulder. Using a tape measure, measure the length in centimetres (cm) to the nearest 0.5 cm between the point of the elbow (olecranon) and the mid-point of the prominent bone of the wrist (styloid process). Use the table on page 12 to convert ulna length (cm) to height (m). (ii) Knee height Measure left leg if possible. The subject should sit on a chair, without footwear, with knee at a right angle. Hold tape measure between 3rd and 4th fingers with zero reading underneath fingers. Place your hand flat across the subject s thigh, about 4 cm (11 2 inches) behind the front of the knee. Extend the tape measure straight down the side of the leg in line with the bony prominence at the ankle (lateral malleolus) to the base of the heel. Measure to nearest 0.5 cm. Note the length and use the table on page 13 to convert knee height (cm) to height (m). 11
18 Taking measurements for use with the MUST Table 5 Estimating height from ulna length Men (<65 years) Men (>65 years) Ulna length (cm) Women (<65 years) Women (>65 years) Men (<65 years) Men (>65 years) Ulna length (cm) Women (<65 years) Women (>65 years) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) 12
19 Taking measurements for use with the MUST Table 6 Estimating height from knee height Men (18-59 years) Men (60-90 years) Knee height (cm) Women (18-59 years) Women (60-90 years) Men (18-59 years) Men (60-90 years) Knee height (cm) Women (18-59 years) Women (60-90 years) Men (18-59 years) Men (60-90 years) Knee height (cm) Women (18-59 years) Women (60-90 years) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) 13
20 Taking measurements for use with the MUST (iii) Demispan Ideally the subject should stand as this makes taking the measurement easier. Locate and mark the mid-point of the sternal notch (V at the base of the neck). Ask the subject to raise the right arm until it is horizontal with the shoulder (give assistance if necessary, make sure wrist is straight). Place a tape measure between the middle and ring finger of the subject s right hand, with zero at the base of the fingers. Extend the tape measure along the length of the arm to the mid-point of the sternal notch and note the measurement to the nearest 0.5 cm. Use the table on page 15 to convert demispan length (cm) to height (m). Notes: Demispan should not be used in subjects with severe or obvious curvature of the spine (kyphosis or scoliosis). For bed bound subjects, those with severe disabilities and those with kyphosis or scoliosis, it is preferable to use ulna length to estimate height. Weight If subject cannot be weighed, use a weight recently documented in their notes or use self-reported weight (if reliable and realistic). Recent weight loss If weight measurements are not possible, a history of weight loss may be helpful. Use serial measurements, documented in subject s notes or self-reported weight loss (if reliable and realistic). If it is not possible to obtain any of these measurements, subjective criteria (see page 7) should be used to obtain a clinical impression of an individual s overall nutritional risk category. 14
21 Table 7 Estimating height using demispan Men (16-54 years) Men ( 55 years) Demispan (cm) Women (16-54 years) Women ( 55 years) Men (16-54 years) Men ( 55 years) Demispan (cm) Women (16-54 years) Women ( 55 years) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) Height (m) 15
22 Taking measurements for use with the MUST Estimating body mass index (BMI) category If neither height nor weight can be measured or obtained, a likely BMI range can be estimated using the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) which may be used to support an overall impression of the subject s risk category using subjective criteria (see page 7). Please note, use of MUAC is not designed to generate Fig.1 a score Measuring mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) See Fig.1 The subject should be standing or sitting. Use left arm if possible and ask subject to remove clothing so arm is bare. Locate the top of the shoulder (acromion) and the point of the elbow (olecranon process). Measure the distance between the 2 points, identify the mid point and mark on the arm. See Fig.2 Ask subject to let arm hang loose and with tape measure, measure circumference of arm at the mid point. Do not pull the tape measure tight - it should just fit comfortably round the arm. If MUAC is less than 23.5 cm, BMI is likely to be less than 20 kg/m 2 i.e. subject is likely to be underweight. If MUAC is more than 32.0 cm, BMI is likely to be more than 30 kg/m 2 i.e. subject is likely to be obese. Fig.2 Weight change over time MUAC can also be used to estimate weight change over a period of time and can be useful in subjects in long term care. MUAC needs to be measured repeatedly over a period of time, preferably taking 2 measurements on each occasion and using the average of the 2 figures. If MUAC changes by at least 10% then it is likely that weight and BMI have changed by approximately 10% or more. Without further evidence it is not possible to assign absolute values to measurement of MUAC or percentage changes. 16
23 Notes, Charts and Tables 4. Notes, charts and tables Notes 1. The BMI values on the BMI chart provided with the MUST have been rounded to the nearest whole number. The yellow shaded area represents BMI values of kg/m 2. Therefore, values of 20 which lie above this shaded area represent values greater than 20 and less than 20.5 kg/m 2. Values of 18 which lie below this area represent values less than 18.5 and above 17.5 kg/m Care should be taken when interpreting the patient s BMI or percentage weight loss if any of the following are present: Fluid disturbances: (i) BMI More significant if underweight with oedema; subtract ~2kg for barely detectable oedema (severe oedema is >10 kg; see The MUST Report); can use MUAC when there is ascites or oedema in legs or trunk but not arms; re-measure weight after correcting dehydration or overhydration; inspect the subject to classify as thin, acceptable weight, or overweight/obese. (ii) Weight change When there are large and fluctuating fluid shifts, a history of changes in appetite and presence of conditions likely to lead to weight change, are factors that can be used as part of an overall subjective evaluation of malnutrition risk (low or medium/high risk categories). Pregnancy: (i) Pre-pregnancy BMI Measured in early pregnancy; self reported or documented weight and height (or estimated using measurements in early pregnancy); MUAC at any time during pregnancy. (ii) Weight change Weight gains <1 kg (<0.5 kg in the obese) or >3 kg per month during the 2nd and 3rd trimester generally require further evaluation. See The MUST Report for further details. Lactation: (i) BMI Measured BMI. (ii) Weight change As for oedema(above). Critical illness: Acute disease effect (and no dietary intake for >5 days). This generally applies to most patients in intensive care or high dependency units. Plaster casts: BMI Synthetic and plaster of paris casts for upper limb weigh <1 kg; lower leg and back kg depending on material and site. See The MUST Report for further details. Amputations: BMI Adjustments of body weight can be made from knowledge of missing limb segments: upper limb 4.9% (upper arm 2.7%; forearm, 1.6%; hand, 0.6%); lower limb 15.6% (thigh 9.7%; lower leg 4.5%; foot 1.4%). 17
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text:
The Auckland campus is located in the centre of Auckland City amidst shops, cafes and nightlife, and right by the lovely Hauraki gulf, the island-filled expanse of water on which Auckland is situated.
At the Auckland campus we offer English, business, hospitality, teaching and computing programmes. We have separate learning support services, tailored to the needs of international students, and our own library, although students can also access the main library at Porirua.
For a full list of the courses on offer in Auckland see Whitireia in Auckland
The Whitireia Auckland campus underwent a major make-over which saw our International Campus transformed to create more space for classrooms, dedicate staff and student areas as well a major upgrade to our facilities, including a commercial kitchen for our hospitality students.
Auckland Campus Redevelopment
DX Box: CX10126Level 2, 450 Queen StreetAuckland 1010New ZealandPhone +64 9 379 4666Facsimile +64 9 377 8243

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Manling
- Manling \Man"ling\, n. A little man. [Obs.] -- B. Jonson. [1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
manling — man·ling … English syllables
manling — nling noun ( s) Etymology: man (I) + ling : a little man … Useful english dictionary
Kaa — is a fictional Indian rock python from the Mowgli stories written by Rudyard Kipling. Kaa is one of Mowgli s mentors. He, Baloo and Bagheera sing for Mowgli The Outsong of the jungle. First introduced in the story Kaa s Hunting in The Jungle Book … Wikipedia
Cold Blade — Directed by Chor Yuen Written by Chor Yuen Distributed by … Wikipedia
Sacrificed Youth — [Qingchunji, 1985] Film Sacrificed Youth is a feature film by director Zhang Nuanxin, based on a novella by Zhang Manling. During the Cultural Revolution, seventeen year old Li Chun, daughter of urban intellectuals, is sent to a mountainous… … Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture


text:
A.N.: Thank you, Writing App! I worked on this little monster (not a long story, but difficult on an iPod Touch) for about two or three days. But yeah, I've recently got back on my addiction with Soul Eater, and I'm a total sucker for family scenarios, especially Lord Death and Kid. Death is second on my list of anime dads. First is- You know what, if you can guess, I will write a fanfiction for you (if only someone wanted my fanfictions as prizes). But yeah, if you want a fanfic, guess my favorite anime dad.
I love the relationship between these two, and I just have one question: Patricia, Kid's partner. Is her name Patty, like Krabby Patty? Or Patti, like Patti LuPone?
Also, I don't own Soul Eater, and I hope you guys enjoy this story!
All it takes is one little moment for one's world to come crashing down around them. For Shinigami-sama, it is when his mirror lights up. The streets of Death City are illuminated by dim streetlights, the Nevada desert swirling around in little pools of sand.
Liz is the first thing the ruler of Death sees. Actually, he's looking up at her. She has gravel embedded into her hands and cheeks, and there is blood coated onto the side of her blonde head. Her fingers are shaking, barely able to support her younger sister. Shinigami-sama can see a few smears of something red on the screen, and he suspects either blood or Patty's limitless supply of strawberry jelly.
Patty is shaking despite the warmth; she has a gaping wound on her shoulder, hunched over on all fours. It's like she can't feel the weak hand around her waist. Too stunned to speak, the Shinigami watches. He can't help by he curious as to what happened, and he also can't chase off the worry that is pooling in the bottom of his stomach.
"Kid," Liz says, shaking someone's shoulder. It's obvious that she cannot see the Reaper, or she might've already asked for help. The younger Thompson sister also looks down, but her brown furrows in mild understanding.
"Please help," Patty whispers, nudging her sister on the side. Liz is too preoccupied in whatever she's doing to turn around, but she does grunt in response. "Lizzy…"
At this point, Death is worried. He's been worried before, but now he is almost certain he knows what (or who) Liz is tending to. The taller girl has sweat beaded on her forehead and neck; she is biting her lip when her hands retract, coated with fresh, red blood. A cold feeling is starting to settle in on Shinigami-sama's body. Normally, he is warm and toasty because of his long black coat (and perhaps an outfit underneath), yet he is shivering almost as bad as Patty now. Kid… It's odd, that the Reaper starts to think of a few memories, irritating as they may be. He should be helping in any way possible, but he feels paralyzed with fear. Kid has been injured before; Death has just never not been allowed to see his son.
: 3 :
Kid, being nervous when he first meets Death Scythe. The boy is much smaller in comparison to the redhead, but Spirit only smiles and extends a hand. Kid stares at it for a moment, before placing his smaller hand into Spirit's. The Death Scythe is silent, a strange and serene moment for Death; but as quickly as it started, Spirit is scooping Kid up into his long arms. "You're so cute! Not as cute as my Maka, but still adorable!". To be even more annoying, Spirit had changed his r's to w's.
After a well-deserved Shinigami Chop, Kid is once more clinging to his father's cloak, and the most honorable Reaper decides that he doesn't care for anyone holding his son.
: 3 :
Death Scythe does redeem himself, fortunately. He and Maka (his admittedly cute daughter that hangs on her father's every word) are visiting the Gallows. Spirit has something tucked under his arm, a box, if Shinigami-sama is not mistaken. As means of precaution, he keeps one mirror on at all times, just to watch his darling son.
Not yet paying attention, Kid is trying to redesign the stairwell. The rungs are not quite right, in the ebony-haired boy's eyes. He has a pencil balanced on his ear and a clipboard in hand. He only looks up when Maka makes a noise of surprise. She has always been impressed by Kid's attention to detail, and this is no different.
"Good morning, Death Scythe," Kid says formally. He takes one more second to reassure himself that the stairs look proper, and then he walks to where Spirit is admiring the house. "I'm not quite sure what to say to get you to ignore the mess." Kid says it in such a convincing way, but there really is no mess. The place, as always, is immaculate with its hardwood floors and plush carpets and bay windows and large dining room tables. Of course, Spirit takes everything in a good nature and pats Kid on the head. He takes good care to assure that he won't disrupt the style of the Shinigami's hair.
For a moment, Kid smiles much like a child would. Adorable and giggly, like Maka. But he quickly catches himself and returns to brooding about his staircase. It's not hard to believe that Kid has fallen down the steps many times just because he was staring too hard on the steps.
"I brought you and Maka something to play with!" Death Scythe says excitably. He reaches an arm out for his blonde child, and she squeals with delight when he opens the box. It's a video game, the old joystick kind. They are not quite out-of-date, but they certainly aren't what's hip for the young people. Kid stares with a confused expression as Maka claps. The redhead pulls out a few cords and joysticks and walks over to the large television in the den. He sits Indian-style, tongue sticking out to the side, and he looks very much the young man that he still is. People still don't understand why Spirit was made Death Scythe at such a young age. Shinigami-sama likes watching people guess.
While Spirit is setting up, Maka and Kid race off in the direction of the library. There are no mirrors (or windows, ironically) set up in that room, and Kid will most likely forget that he always has a compact mirror in the pocket of his shirt. Unlike Kid's white and black outfit (white dress shirt, black pants and shoes), Maka has on a knee-length pink jumper with a pale yellow long-sleeved underneath. Her hair ties are yellow flowers, and she still has her signature pigtails. She has on a pair of white tights and pink Mary-Jane's. In short, she is the frilly child that every father secretly wants to dress his child like.
Death is watching Spirit work. The redhead has his hair down around his face, even though Kami tells him that it gets in his way too often (she has threatened to cut it off). In his jacket, the Shinigami suspects, are a dozen or so pictures of his daughter in a dozen or so different poses. It's hard to believe how much one man can dote on a five year-old, but Death Scythe manages it. Spirit finally gives a yell of success when the Pong logo lights up on the television screen. He calls for the children, who make it back into the den in record time. Maka is bouncing on the balls of her feet, while Kid eyes the screen warily. When Death Scythe places a joystick in each little one's hand, Maka immediately sits herself down to begin playing. Kid is more hesitant, understandably.
"C'mon, Kid!" Maka says. "This game is no fun with only one person…" As a good friend, Kid considers his options for only a moment. He plops down onto the ground beside Maka, careful not to wrinkle his clothing too much. The joystick is held awkwardly in his tiny hand, and he watches the screen with obvious discomfort.
"Asymmetrical…" he mutters sadly, moving his character (or so Shinigami-sama thought it was - it was only a thin rectangle) to the middle of the screen.
Maka groans when the pixellated ball goes right past the rectangle. "Kid! You're supposed to hit it back and forth!" the girl explains; she is near-pouting, and Death Scythe is biting his lip nervously. He seems to think that an argument will erupt between the two tots. The Reaper is not so sure.
Intervening, the lord of Death boisterously talks. "Death Scythe! A word, if you will." Spirit leaves the pair obediently, and he walks in front of the mirror that his boss occupies. Not really caring what to say, just caring enough to let the children talk their 'feelings' out, Shinigami-sama spouts off about things like hedge trimmers and polio. Not in the same bout of dialogue, of course, but Death supposed that they could be oddly connected.
When he finally does allow Spirit to return to his wards, the two have put their joysticks on the ground. Even Maka seems amazed at the "PAUSED" covering the middle of the screen. On either side, dimmed only slightly, are the two rectangular characters. They are placed perfectly across from each other, right in the middle of the bold word. And between the "U" and the "S" is the Pong ball. On the top right of the screen is the word "SCORE", and under that is a score of 88,888,888. How quaint.
"Maka-chan!" Death Scythe says in his hopeless voice, "aren't you having fun?"
"Kid showed me more fun," Maka replies simply, not taking her eyes from the screen. Likewise, Kid seems pleased, and that's enough for his father.
: 3 :
"Patty," the Reaper croaks out. His mouth feels dry, his muscles tense. The lighter blonde's eyes dart toward the compact mirror that has fallen out of Kid's suit jacket. Her hands wipe away the remainders of blood, and Death can see just how scraped up her face is.
"We're sorry, sir," the girl says. She sounds serious, which does nothing to put Shinigami-sama at ease. "We did finish our mission, we did; but we got caught up in an ambush. W-when Kid-"
She chokes up at the last word, and Death feels like screaming. On top of his achy body and parched mouth, his throat feels raw, as if he's been physically restraining his own cries.
"-fell, I started fighting with Lizzy. We barely made it.". Tears are streaming down her dirt-coated face, and the wound in her shoulder is still bleeding, albeit less steadily. "I'm so sorry," she mumbles before erupting into sobs. Shinigami-sama can feel her sadness and regret, and he wishes that he could say something to put her at ease; but he can't even help himself. Death can only see the top of Liz's dirty blonde head, bopping up and down; her hands must be moving a mile a minute, and the Reaper can hear the sound of clothing being ripped.
"Turn the mirror, Patty."
It is all Shinigami-sama says, and the younger Thompson sister does so without complaint. The screen is shaking, most likely due to Patty's trembling fingers, but the scene is clear enough. Kid is unconscious, eyes closed, body limp - not his usual unconscious. Liz's hands, almost completely red from her Meister's blood, are moving quickly to stop bleeding and tie off wounds. Right now, she is working on a large gash in his side. It is similar to the one that Patty has, if not more frightening. His arm is twisted in an unnatural way, obviously broken. Liz is using the fabric of his suit for bandages, and she has out the tiny pocketknife that she religiously keeps in her pocket. Kid's face is scratched up, but only slightly. He must have been attacked from behind, because his chest is remarkably uninjured. It is the back that worries Death.
He refuses to Reap his son; it will not happen. Shinigami-sama refuses to. He will break all the rules of Death if need be.
Interestingly, the Reaper hasn't checked Kid's breathing. It is rising up and down, in shallow bursts. Not good, but he's not dead. Liz finally turns her partner onto his side, and Death can make out her strangled cry. There is a claw-like mark on his back, large and menacing. Liz pulls out the handkerchief that she's confiscated from Kid's ruined jacket and begins to dab away some blood so that she can see the full extent of his injury. Her gaze steels, and she ignores her scraped hands as she continues to work. Patty appears beside her, handing Liz a bit of fabric from her shirt. It's not much, but Liz takes it from her sister with an appreciative smile and dabs away a bit of sweat from her Meister's brow. For some reason, Death has been silent. The only thing he can do is call for Spirit.
The redhead has been drinking away his inhibitions at Chupacabra's, but he comes to life quick enough at the tone of his boss's voice. Spirit is reliable when push comes to shove, and Shinigami-sama appreciates that from a Death Scythe. Spirit doesn't even consider saying good-bye to his female acquaintances that he's been coercing with. He slips on his suit jacket, straightens his tie, and is out the door. It seems as if he was never even drunk.
When the Reaper returns his attention back to Liz and Patty (and Kid), he is relieved to see a bit more color in his son's face. He is still unconscious, but more relaxed. Patty is slumped against the wall, drying her tears. Liz herself is still working furiously on her partner, her eyes trained on his still form. Never before has Death seen the woman look so motherly, so focused.
There is a soft cough, and Kid's eyes flutter open. Liz and Patty both fly to his side, and Liz pushes away a few loose bangs from his sweat-coated face.
"Liz? Patty?"
"Hey…" Liz says as softly as humanly possible; her face is etched into a serene smile, and Kid returns the sentiment. "Don't move, 'kay?"
Patty looks up at the sound of footsteps. Spirit, Stein, and Marie run toward the pair. Marie's blonde hair is still caught up in her nightly bun with ringlets running down delicately. She has a white jacket over her lavender nightgown. Stein kneels down and checks Kid's pulse, which seems strong enough for him to be moved. He picks up Death's son with no difficulty as Death Scythe steadies Patty. Marie picks up the compact mirror and smiles; she looks both tired and awake at the same time.
"Franken has everything taken care of, Shinigami-sama," she says confidently. But if you want, I'll move the bathroom mirror into his lab."
"That will be fine, thank-you, Marie," the Reaper says; he feels shaky and weak, but the blonde only grins a little wider. Her healing wavelength must work on everyone, because Death already feels a little lighter, less stressed. It's an odd feeling that surprises Shinigami-sama, because certainly Doctor Stein has wanted to experiment on this sensation.
Marie begins to close the mirror but stops. "I promise we'll call you when Franken has everything sorted. Do you mind if I…" she trails off, her golden eyes worried.
"Do what you have to," Shinigami-sama reluctantly sighs. He feels slightly betrayed when the screen of his mirror darkens, but he knows that his son is in good hands. Kid will be fine, he reassures himself; it's all he can do right now.
At least two hours pass before the full-body mirror in Shinigami-sama's room lights up. Marie looks even more tired than before, but her face is serene and sweet. Her mouth is turned into a gentle smile; it is not a foreign thought to think that she could be the only woman in the world to love Stein. She does not see people for their looks (though she claims that Franken Stein is the most attractive man she has ever met), but for the inside, no matter how jumbled those insides may be. "Shinigami-sama," she says softly, "Franken says that I can bring the mirror in. It took a bit of convincing, though…" Her face has a confused expression, as if it was the oddest thing in the world for Stein to be secretive of his lab. "Oh! And I convinced Franken not to experiment!" Marie finishes happily. She is proud of herself, her expression bright.
Shinigami-sama has a hand in the air to stop her, but it slackens awkwardly at her statement. "Well, good…" he says before Marie picks up he mirror with her strength and moves the mirror into the shady lab of Stein.
Kid is laying on a makeshift bed, pale and unconscious, but not troubled. His breathing is even, and Shinigami-sama wants nothing more than to gather his little boy up in his arms and hold him close. "Kid…" He never gets to talk to his son like this (not when Kid is awake, anyway). His little Kid is independent and strong and never asks for anything from anyone. Unless, of course, he's with Liz and Patty.
It appears as if the Reaper has made too much noise, because when he looks up, Kid's golden eyes are staring back at him. The raven-haired boy looks too exhausted for words, yet he is still watching his father intently. "You're staring," Kid says, a (slightly childlike) look of confusion crossing his features.
"So are you," Shinigami-sama retorts. The two share a smile (or the Reaper does so under his mask). Kid adjusts himself on the thin mattress so that he is completely facing the mirror.
It is futile to tell the younger Shinigami not to move, because Kid is Kid, and Kid does what he wants. "I wasn't paying enough attention," Kid whispers suddenly, surprising the Reaper. The way Kid looks is defeated and embarrassed. "What's worse is that Liz and Patty got hurt, too. Garbage, worthless gar-"
"Kid." Shinigami-sama sounds perhaps a bit too forceful, but it does the trick in getting his son to look up. "Liz and Patty only got hurt because they were protecting you. Believe it or not, but you mean the world to them. And you feel the same. You're not garbage or worthless or terrible or any of those things that you normally say. You're Kid, and those lines on your head are simply precious."
The child of Death looks away; he does not blush or smile or burst into chest-heaving sobs. He only nods once in confirmation (of what, Shinigami-sama is not sure), and then turns back to face his father. "Dad-"
"And you're smart and independent and kind and adorable and strong and-"
"Ah, but, Dad-"
"And wise and studious and observant and sweet and caring and fast and a good listener-"
"Perhaps, Fath-"
"Not to mention-"
"Thank you!" Kid yells, his voice just a bit louder than his father's. Both stare at the other, before Kid does smile, not a wide one, but an appreciative one. The feeling of hot embarrassment overtakes Shinigami-sama, but his son doesn't seem to notice.
"But really, Father, thank you." With that, Kid rolls over on his side, facing away from the mirror. He doesn't seem to mind his father's presence watching over him, and Shinigami-sama doesn't quite mind being the presence watching over Kid.
: 3 :
It wasn't too many years ago, no more than ten, that Kid is standing beside his father; he is so much shorter than Shinigami-sama, though neither take much notice.
"Yes, Kid?"
"Do you like being my father?"
The question is simple, of course, but it takes more than a moment for the Reaper to process the question. Kid looks at him with an confused expression, but Shinigami-sama places a large hand on his son's ebony head.
"Well, of course I do!"
Kid smiles an appreciative sort of smile.
"But, Kid?"
"Do you like being my son?"
"Very much so, thank you."


text:
Monday Mark's Topic #1: I am now a Tarvaris Jackson believer and I don't seem to hate Brad Childress as much as I used to. I am still skeptical about Childress going back to bland play calling next season, but I would no longer be as scared to put Jackson back there next season. He made some great passes and even almost connected on what I think was a great play-call by Childress. On a short 4th down, we went deep to Bernard Berrian. Berrian had his man beat, but just couldn't get to the ball. If that play is made, everyone thinks it was a great play. I think it was a great play-call anyways. I don't think you can blame Chilly for this loss. It wasn't him fumbling the ball, it was the players. But why blame? We played a good game, and so did the Falcons. It was just a good game.
There are many fans that are complaining that the Vikings spent a lot of money this off-season and it is not paying dividends. This team is one-win (or Bear loss) away from a Division Championship and that is step one. They may not be the #1 seed, but this team has been through some ups and downs. Look at 4 examples: -Jackson was awful early on -E.J. Henderson was lost for the year, -Madieu Williams missed 8 games -Bryant McKinnie was suspended for 4 games
I'm not saying with all those pieces in place we would be 13-2 or anything, but those hurt. We could've/should've won the Colts game and we could've won the Bears game in Chicago (MLB tandem was a big part of that loss).
Here is one thing that I have learned as a Vikings fan. This team can beat anyone any week. At the same time, this team could lose to any team at any time. If we get into the playoffs which I am confident we will somehow at least back in to, we will be a force to be reckoned with.
Interesting Stat: The Bears can still earn a Wild-Card Birth, but the Vikings can only clinch the North. They are not able to make the playoffs as a Wild-Card Team.
Topic #2: Whom would I like the Vikings to play if they make the playoffs? Ideal situation would be a home game against the Bears. We seem to play well at home against Chicago and Kyle Orton doesn't really scare me. I would also take another shot at the Atlanta Falcons. I think we outplayed them and will correct the mistakes. I would hate to see Dallas or Tampa Bay in the first round. Even though there is fighting between many Cowboy players and Tony Romo can't win in the playoffs, I just think they have too many weapons and too good of a defense. Also, whomever the Cowboys would play in the first round would play Saturday Night on NBC, and I just don't want to listen to John and Al yet.
Topic #3: I know that we are supposed to want to watch great primetime matchups late in the season, but I am more of a Noon-6 PM Football Watcher. Remembering that the Vikings were switched from Noon to 3:15 and the Giants/Panthers were switched from 3:15 to NBC, we had some lackluster noon action on FOX. Their "top" game at that time slot was Arizona/ New England. Normally when a team gets up 38-0, FOX would switch to a more competitive game. Here is what they were left to choose from: STL vs. SF or DET vs. NO. I would've loved a Vikings-Falcons noon game and a NYG/CAR 3:15er. At least FOX did a fantastic job outlining the field in New England.
Topic #4: It seems that most MLB free agents are dumb. Rafael Furcal had a 4-year, $40 Million offer from the A's that he said wasn't enough. He wound up getting 3-years, $30 Million from the Dodgers. Mark Teixeira has held out from the Red Sox, Yankees and now the Angels have pulled their offer. If he doesn't care about winning he can take the money from the Nationals, but if he cares about winning what is the difference between $160 and $180 Million? Does anyone remember when Adam Dunn was a hot commodity… well now he can't even seem to find an offer? Let's not forget about Manny who forced his way out of Boston, turned down the Dodgers and now seems destined to end up in the new Yankee Stadium starting fort he Yankees.


text: Yesterday, we reported that HTC had effectively scrapped the idea of Android 2.3 Gingerbread for the HTC Desire. Today, it seems, the company has had a change of heart.Like the first update, this new message was delivered via Facebook. It read: 'Contrary to what we said earlier, we are going to bring Gingerbread to HTC Desire.' Someone at HTC obviously didn't fully consult the top brass before putting out that first message. However, the problem aired yesterday is still there - insufficient memory to run both Android 2.3 and the Sense interface in full. So what gives?The Android Gingerbread OS gives, that's what. Once again using Facebook, HTC said: 'To resolve Desire's memory issue and enable the upgrade to Gingerbread, we will cut select apps from the release. Look for status updates starting next week. We apologise for any confusion.'So we've gone from no update to 'look for status updates starting next week' in the space of 24 hours. But it does raise more questions, not least, which apps will not make the cut? That's not been outlined, but it almost certainly will be before the update lands. You might want to read it carefully before downloading. The update could push you nearer the memory limit for your handset and might actually be missing the better bits of Android 2.3.As soon as HTC releases those details, we'll let you know. If you have a network handset, there's probably going to be a fairly long delay before you are offered Android 2.3 anyway, so there's no real rush to decide. When it is time, the upgrade will have been tested to the limit by your operator anyway. Or at least, we would hope so.


text:
South Korean activists have flown tens of thousands of propaganda leaflets across the border into North Korea, amid heightened tensions on the divided peninsula, denouncing North's latest nuclear test and defying threats of reprisal.
The anti-Pyongyang leaflets, tied to several helium balloons, were launched in a field in the border city of Paju, situated some 40 kilometers (25 miles) north of the South Korean capital, Seoul, and in the vicinity of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that separates North and South Korea, on Thursday.
The propaganda exercise, criticizing North's leader Kim Jong-un for pursuing nuclear ambitions instead of paying due attention to the well-being of his people, was organized by North Korean defector-turned-activist Park Sang-hak, and was supported by the South's activists.
Earlier in the day, the North's official KCNA news agency had published a commentary calling Park a "human scum without an equal in the world."
Park said he was "doing this to inform the 20 million starving people in North Korea of the truth."
"At this moment, when hundreds of thousands of people are suffering from terrible floods, Kim Jong-un conducted another nuclear test. So, who is calling who 'human scum?'" he said.
Recent flash floods, triggered by torrential rains, have affected the North's far north, killing 138 people. Some 400 others have also been reported missing.
Park also said that raging winds at the border region had restricted the Thursday event to send around 150,000 leaflets, which accounted for just half the planned number.
Conservative South Korean activists, including many North Korean defectors, have been dropping huge numbers of anti-Pyongyang leaflets via giant helium balloons on the North's border regions for the past few years, a practice that angers the North, prompting it to threaten Soul with military strikes.
The two Koreas have been hostile to each other since the end of their 1950-1953 war, known as the Korean War. Since then, the peninsula has been locked in a cycle of military rhetoric.
Pyongyang has pledged to develop a nuclear arsenal in what it says is a bid to protect itself from the US military.
The UN and the West have so far imposed a raft of crippling sanctions on North Korea over its nuclear and missile activities.
North Korea, however, says it will not give up on its nuclear "deterrence" unless Washington ends its hostile policy toward Pyongyang and dissolves the US-led command in South Korea.


text:
Tim Conway, 77, Ernest Borgnine's old McHale's Navy co-star, kicked off a lifetime achievement award tribute during the SAG Awards, saying, "I must say I am a little disappointed. Ernie told me this was a pilot." Har har.
He then talked about Borgnine's resume, saying, "Comedy is just one part of this man's wonderful career. He recently appeared in Red, which is an AARP action film."
After an introduction by Morgan Freeman, Borgnine, 94, got a long standing ovation. Borgnine took the stage, thanked his "lovely wife, Tova" and the crowd for "this great honor" and noted: "We are a privileged few who have been chosen to work in this field of entertainment."
Backstage, reports USA TODAY's Claudia puig, Borgnine had a little red handkerchief and a beaming smile. "To receive something like this is beyond comprehension. Am I really worthy of deserving something like this? I don't know, but I've always enjoyed working as an actor."
His advice for young actors, for long careers: "Keep studying. I once told a bunch of boys at Yale Drama School when they asked how I got this far, by studying, by learning and by reading everything I possibly could, and learning what life is about."
He continued; "There's an awful lot of people who are thumbsuckers. You have to break down everything to the lowest common demoninator so the thumbsuckers are happy. It's always worked for me. But I'm pretty much of a thumbsucker myself."
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Submissive Little Sluts 2Favorites [+]
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Running Time: 92 minutes
Released: 06/2002
Studio Name: OGV
Series: Submissive Little Sluts
Director: Henri Pachard Mike N Charge
Description: These bootlicking beauties can't and won't resist any dick that comes their way. It's plain to see that the only thing these obedient little tramps can be trained to do is fuck, and they're quite compliant with that.
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Starring: Shawna Edwards Sean Michaels ... More Details
Stars: Shawna Edwards, Sean Michaels
Sex Acts: Anal Sex, Rim Job, Handjob, Masturbation, Deep Throating, Oral Sex
Positions: Standing Doggy Style, Standing, Laying, Piledriver, Kneeling
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Sex Acts: Wet / Messy, Masturbation, Oral Sex, Strap-On, Anal Sex, Rim Job, 3-Way, Handjob, Deep Throating
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text:
I'm Ray and I'm originally fron NY. I owned a comedy club there for 10 years (that was a crazy time). As for my career I do restaurant flipping. I buy bad restaurants, fix them up and then sell them. I am a chef, I also write a photo/recipe blog you can view it at www.thefloribeancook.wordpress.com to find out more about me. Although I can cook all types of foods my favorite cuisines are Caribbean Spanish, Mediterranean and seafood. I moved to Florida in 2001 to be near my family, my daughter and 3 grand children.
What is important to me in a partner is a positive attitude and no drama. I am looking for someone I can sit and talk with at a tiki bar while waiting for the sun to set. I'm looking for someone I feel relaxed with, someone who knows how to laugh first thing in the morning and I almost forgot, you must have a passion for good food and strong coffee! I am looking for a person with whom I can share a nice glass of wine, an intelligent conversation and a warm smile. I'm looking for a someone that I can spend time with and who has some time to spend with me, for time is like money you can always make more but once it is spent there is no getting it back. I want a partner who wants to be loved by one person. So if this sounds like you and you want to meet for a glass of wine or a cup of coffee, some laughs and possibly a new real friend, drop me a line. I am not looking for a long term chat buddy. Please have a picture that is current .... As for my religious beliefs, I went to a Catholic elementary school. I don't go to church regularly any more but I am still strong in my faith in God. I will say that NUNS and YARD STICKS still scare the H... out of me.
1 Coffee to start the day
2 Chocolate to make the day sweeter
3 a quiet beach to relax on
4 Some good music to free my mind and soul
5 a beautiful sunset
6 Someone to share it all with
(Piss On Everything Tomorrow's Saturday!)
You understand what I am talking about
You want a friend like Realray
Disclaimer: Any institutions or individuals on or using this website or any of its associated websites for studies or projects do not have permission to use any of my profile or pictures in any form both current and future. Any unauthorized use will be considered a violation of my privacy and will be subject to international, federal, state, and civil legal actions. I encourage others to add this statement, as OKC does not protect profiles or photos.


text:
The Deal
- $499 for an 90–120-minute underwater photo shoot with 10 digital photos (a $2,500 value)
Up to four subjects plunge underwater and strike poses as the photographer captures other-worldly images beneath the surface. Before the shoot, clients discuss the details of the shoot with the photographer during a phone-call consultation. The photographer will provide hair and makeup services, but clients should bring their own clothing and wardrobe changes.
Kremer Johnson Photography
Neil Kremer and Cory Johnson are explorers. One can often find them hiking a mountain or cruising down the freeways of Southern California. However, much of their exploration takes place standing still, their eyes focused through a camera lens. Through Kremer Johnson Photography, Mr. Kremer and Mr. Johnson use photographs to tell the stories of athletes, musicians, and other clients. That might mean capturing a swimmer in the pool or a guitar player in the middle of a favorite song. Kremer Johnson Photography has also worked with well-known corporate clients, such as Boeing and CNN.


text:
by Staff Writers
Paris (AFP) Jan 14, 2014
Chinese scientists said Tuesday they had unravelled the genetic code of the locust, laying bare "hundreds" of genes that can be targeted by insecticides.
The genetic code of Locusta migratoria is remarkably big -- at 6.5 gigabytes, it is the largest animal genome sequenced so far, they reported in the journal Nature Communications.
Large clusters of the insect's genes are associated with long-distance flight, eating plants and metabolising food, they said.
But there are also many repeated, mobile sections of DNA, called transposable elements, that were never weeded out by evolution and remain in the genome, the scientists said.
An ancient peril that can eat its own bodyweight in food in a single day, the locust is capable of inflicting famine and wiping out livelihoods when it swarms.
In one of the biggest documented events, billions of locusts swarmed across 29 million square kilometres (11.2 million square miles) of land in 60 countries in 1988, even crossing the Atlantic from Africa to the Caribbean.
The genome code is a draft, but once it has been polished, could serve a blueprint for scientists seeking new ways of attacking the voracious insect.
It throws up "hundreds of potential insecticide target genes," according to the probe, headed by Le Kang of the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
Finding a smart, environmentally friendly way to kill the pest is a major goal, the authors noted.
Previous work into locusts has found a biochemical mechanism that prompts the creatures to swarm.
Locusts are usually solitary, but are stimulated into gathering and searching for food en masse by jostling, which triggers serotonin, a pleasure chemical in the brain.
Once in swarm mode, locusts change colour from green to bright yellow, gaining large muscles that equip them for prolonged flight.
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BRUSSELS – Once upon a time, there was a country plagued by large deficits, high inflation, and decades of economic stagnation. When economic problems once again became particularly acute, the country's leadership embraced a radical approach to achieving price stability.
A new currency was introduced and pegged to the US dollar at a one-to-one exchange rate. A new law stipulated that this quasi-monetary union was to last forever. Moreover, the economy was opened, state enterprises were privatized, and the country participated in an important regional free-trade initiative.
Initially, the new arrangement worked very well. Growth returned, and confidence among foreign investors was such that large inflows of foreign direct investment, especially in the banking sector, arrived.
But, after about 10 years, the success story turned bitter. The region's dominant trading partner devalued, and the US dollar appreciated considerably. The country thus had problems exporting. It developed external deficits and growth slowed.


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This is a typical giveaway hop where each blogger is responsible for the giveaway on their link. As the hosts we will each have a grand prize package valued at $100 or higher.
VIP: Spots 3-10 are now available to purchase for $8. (One per blog) Includes Twitter link on each of the Grand Prize forms, at least one tweet promoting your giveaway, and prizing info. in title. (Example: $100 Amazon Gift Code - US) - You do this when you submit your link.
First come first serve until spots are filled. Those that pay for spots 3-10 on the linky will be marked VIP and moved to that spot on the linky before a non-paid spot. This is only for links 3-10.
Spots 11+ on linky will not be paid. - This may change in the future as we think of new ideas.
MAKE SURE TO ADD YOUR BLOG TO THE LINKY! VIP is only for those that are signed up on our hops with the INTENTION to post REGARDLESS if a VIP spot becomes available. You will not be notified if you sign up for VIP and you are not on the hop.
No Refunds. In the event you can not post YOU must give US notice 24 hrs before the start of the event, and we can add you to another VIP spot (if there is one open) or Grand Prize giveaway (assuming you participate in the next event). If you fail to give 24 hrs notice that you are unable to participate before the event starts you will lose your spot WITHOUT a refund. Your spot will then go to the next person on the VIP wait list.