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Preschool Mother's Day Art
I linked to this the other day before it was an expertise category... but I'll do it again now :) Moms.com has a great board full of cute gifts to do with your children. You could use these for Mother's Day, Father's Day or any other time as well!!
I also have a few gift ideas that I did tutorials for on my blog:
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Airbrush Color, Taste Question
Decorating By 2txmedics Updated 29 Mar 2009 , 1:53pm by ski
I just started to use my Airbrush, and am learning how to play with it...my question is this...when you spray your color on, sometimes a light, faded color is good, other times...a heavy dark color looks real nice....
Will there be a bitter taste if you spray too much color? Am I making sense or being dumb...lol
Thanks all.
I have done a lot of darker colored cakes doesn't seem to cause any flavor differences. I don't know if you know this already, but it is a good idea to get a moisture filter for your airbrush, Kopy Kake has them for about 20 bucks! Worth every penny.
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Here is a great deal that you can get at CVS, starting 5/17. You can combine the Extra Care Bucks deal with the new coupons that we got last night and the Ibotta Offer to get them for only $3.49 each plus FREE wipes. Note, that in order to qualify for the Kimberly Clark offer you will have to buy three unique and different products. That means you will want to grab at least two different diapers with different UPC codes.
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Serra de Arrabida rankings
Difficulty ranking world: 6879 (all)
Ranking Portugal: 124 (all)
Difficulty score: 39.48 what?
Serra de Arrabida ratings
(rate it)
The Serra de Arrabida is situated in Portugal.
Starting from Estuario Sado,
the Serra de Arrabida ascent is 6 km long. Over this distance, you climb 359 heightmeters.
The average percentage thus is 6 %.
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Sophie Wilson, formerly Roger Wilson, is a British computer scientist. She was educated at Cambridge University. In 1978, she designed the Acorn Micro-Computer, the first of a long line of computers sold by Acorn Computers Ltd.[1]
In 1981, Wilson extended the Acorn Atom's BASIC programming language dialect into an improved version for the Acorn Proton, a microcomputer that enabled Acorn to win the contract with the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for their ambitious computer education project, whereupon the Proton became the BBC Micro and its BASIC was developed into BBC BASIC. In 1983, she designed the instruction set for one of the first RISC processors, the Acorn RISC Machine (ARM), later to become one of the most successful IP-cores (i.e., a licenced CPU core) of the 1990s and 2000s.
Sophie designed Acorn Replay, the video architecture for Acorn machines. This included the operating system extensions for video access as well as the codecs themselves, optimised to run high frame rate video on ARM CPUs from the ARM 2 onwards.
Sophie Wilson was a member of the board of the technology and games company Eidos plc, which bought and created Eidos Interactive, for the years following its flotation in 1990, and was a consultant to ARM Ltd when it was split off from Acorn in 1990.
See also Edit
References Edit
- ↑ Russell, R. T.. A History of BBC BASIC. Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
External links Edit
Template:BBC Computer Literacy Projectes:Roger Wilson pt:Roger Wilson


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Jesus powers refers to the many various and wonderful mystical superpowers with which Jesus wields to smite his enemies! Some of these blatantly amazing powers include turning water into wine, wine into gasoline and gasoline back into dinosaurs.
Amongst His Other SuperpowersEdit
- Making the Red Sea surfable for The Jews
- Heat vision
- Making taxes (and tax collectors) cool again
- Turning Peters into rocks
- Creating horny girls in order to attract a following at the one true Church
- Inventing of the color TV in 1953
- Nucular weapons technology granting
- Creating America
- Made of Kryptonite
All of which he was willing to employ for a reasonable price unlike that dirty Hippie Jesus.


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Description: Providing the tools you need to succeed, Volume 2 of Paramedic Practice Today: Above and Beyond completes the building of a solid foundation for paramedic practice and now reflects the 2010 emergency cardiovascular care guidelines! A conversational, easy-to-read style simplifies topics and helps you master National Standard Curriculum objectives and meet the new National Education Standards. It includes a companion DVD with step-by-step videos demonstrating the skills in the textbook and more. Because this book corresponds to the National Registry of EMTs National EMS Practice Analysis, it provides you with the best possible preparation for the National Registry exam. Unique! The new National Education Standards are referenced, as well as the National Standard Curriculum objectives. Unique! This textbook addresses the tasks in the NREMT 2004 National EMS Practice Analysis, which is the foundation for the NREMT exam. Special topics cover paramedic practice in many environments from Farm Rescue and Wilderness EMS to Air and Ground Critical Care Transport and Tactical EMS. Four-part case scenarios appear in each chapter, and emphasize patient comfort and care: 1) an introduction sets up the scenario and asks questions, 2) the scenario continues, following the treatment of the patient and asking more questions, 3) the conclusion resolves the scenario and asks more questions, looking back on decisions that you've made, and 4) the summary answers all of the questions presented in parts 1-3. 14 skill sequences show each action with illustrated, step-by-step instructions. A companion DVD-ROM shows video clips of all the skills in the book, along with medical animations, lectures, and skills video clips from other Elsevier titles. Pediatric Pearl boxes call attention to the differences for pediatric patients. Geriatric Considerations are highlighted in special boxes to draw attention to the differences for elderly patients. Cultural Considerations boxes highlight helpful tips for interacting with people of various cultures. Paramedic Pearl boxes highlight important information from the text. An anatomy and physiology review begins chapters as needed, and for specific conditions, those chapters also include a description/definition, etiology, epidemiology and demographics, history, physical findings, differential diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, patient/family education, and prehospital pearls. Chapter Summaries are bulleted to help you review important information. Key Terms are defined in the terminology section at the end of each chapter for easy review before exams. Quizzes end each chapter, with answers and rationales at the back of the textbook. A pediatric quick-reference foldout card is included with the book. A comprehensive index and 2,222-term glossary cover all the content in Volumes 1 and 2, allowing you to quickly find key terms and topics. A drug index covers approximately 100 drugs.
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Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management
Pulmonary Rehabilitation for moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in primary care could improve patients' quality of life.
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a 3-month Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) program with a further 9 months of maintenance (RHBM group) compared with both PR for 3 months without further maintenance (RHB group) and usual care in improving the quality of life of patients with moderate COPD.
We conducted a parallel-group, randomized clinical trial in Majorca primary health care in which 97 patients with moderate COPD were assigned to the 3 groups. Health outcomes were quality of life, exercise capacity, pulmonary function and exacerbations.
We found statistically and clinically significant differences in the three groups at 3 months in the emotion dimension (0.53; 95%CI0.06-1.01) in the usual care group, (0.72; 95%CI0.26-1.18) the RHB group (0.87; 95%CI 0.44-1.30) and the RHBM group as well as in fatigue (0.47; 95%CI 0.17-0.78) in the RHBM group. After 1 year, these differences favored the long-term rehabilitation group in the domains of fatigue (0.56; 95%CI 0.22-0.91), mastery (0.79; 95%CI 0.03-1.55) and emotion (0.75; 95%CI 0.17-1.33). Between-group analysis only showed statistically and clinically significant differences between the RHB group and control group in the dyspnea dimension (0.79 95%CI 0.05-1.52). No differences were found for exacerbations, pulmonary function or exercise capacity.
We found that patients with moderate COPD and low level of impairment did not show meaningful changes in QoL, exercise tolerance, pulmonary function or exacerbation after a one-year, community based rehabilitation program. However, long-term improvements in the emotional, fatigue and mastery dimensions (within intervention groups) were identified.
Trial registration
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major, worldwide health problem. In Spain, COPD affects 10.2% of individuals aged 40–80 years and is the fourth leading cause of death
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary, comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and often have progressively restricted daily-life activities. Pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered for all patients with chronic respiratory disease who have persistent symptoms, limited activity, and/or are unable to adjust to the illness despite otherwise optimal medical management. Gains can be achieved from pulmonary rehabilitation regardless of age, sex, lung function, or smoking status
PR can be delivered in a variety of structured programs that may themselves have an influence on the degree or duration of long-term benefit
Few studies of a multidisciplinary nature have been performed in the Primary Health Care setting. One integrated disease-management program (consisting of optimal medication, reactivation, education, and exacerbation management) was developed for primary care patients with COPD in the Netherlands resulting in improved QoL and decreased dyspnea one year after program completion
Other factors associated with PR programs remain uncertain, including the long-term preservation of benefits and their optimal duration. Various strategies have been tried to maintain the benefits of rehabilitation
We compared the efficacy of a 3-month PR program (education and supervised training) with or without further PR maintenance over 9 months in primary health care centers with that of usual care, with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients with moderate COPD.
This study is a parallel-group, randomized clinical trial involving 3 groups of patients with moderate COPD. The first group received PR for 3 months and rehabilitation maintenance for 12 months (RHBM group). The second group received PR for 3 months without further maintenance (RHB group) and the third (control) group received routine care without rehabilitation (GC group). The study protocol has been published elsewhere
Selection of patients
Patients were recruited by their family physician from 7 primary care practices in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, from July 2005 to March 2007. Patients were identified from both the health center COPD registry and from the results of spirometry performed at the participating health centers. Subjects were eligible if they were 35 to 74 years old, had moderate COPD according to the GOLD criteria and had post-bronchodilator results on most recent spirometry of FEV1/FVC <0.7, FEV1 values between 50% and 80%
Patients in the two intervention groups participated in a PR program, delivered in two primary care health centers, consisting of three 60-minute sessions each week for 3 months. The intervention involved groups of 5–10 patients. The sessions consisted of three types of interventions:
a) Education program. During weeks 1, 6, and 12, patients received a 45-minute education session on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, the correct use of inhalers and brief counseling on smoking cessation.
b) Respiratory Physiotherapy. Each session included a series of exercises, lasting a total of 15 minutes and including self-conscious breathing control, diaphragmatic breathing control, and exercises for the chest wall and abdominal muscle walls.
c) Low intensity peripheral muscle training. Each session included abdominal and upper and lower limb exercises, shoulder and full arm circling, weight-lifting and other exercises. This training has been described previously
Programmed activities were supervised by two physiotherapists in two primary health centers. They were trained for 7 days in a hospital PR unit in Barcelona. The physiotherapist recorded patient attendance at each session.
After completing the 3-month PR program, patients in the RHBM group attended a weekly-session maintenance program, including both respiratory physiotherapy and low intensity peripheral muscle training, until the end of the program at 12 months. Patients in the RHB group participated in routine care with their physician and nurse.
Control group
These patients did not participate in either of the intervention programs; rather, they remained under the routine care of their general practitioner and nurse throughout.
Randomization & blinding
After the inclusion visit and before baseline evaluation visit, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three groups using a centrally administered, computer-generated block randomization scheme using blocks of 6 with EPIDAT, stratified according to participating site. The case manager subsequently informed patients of their group allocation at the end of the baseline visit. The baseline visit was scheduled when enough patients were recruited to begin a PR group. Health staff members involved in follow-up (a psychologist and a nurse) were blinded to patient assignment.
Evaluation visits were scheduled at enrollment, baseline, and after 3 and 12 months by the study secretary. At each contact, reasons for not attending PR sessions and evaluation were collected. During the assessment visits, the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire was completed by a psychologist. Subsequently, patients responded to the rest of the questionnaire and underwent the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and spirometry under nurse supervision.
Primary outcome variable
The pre-specified primary outcome was the change in score on the Spanish validated version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ)
Secondary outcome variables
Others variables included group allocation; demographic variables such as sex, age, smoking habits and packs/year; treatments for COPD; and dyspnea, as measured by the Medical Research Council (MRC)
Sample size
Sample size calculation was based on the difference in expected improvement in quality of life between the intervention RHBM group and the control group. This improvement was defined as the difference between the mean global score on the CRQ scale at baseline and post-rehabilitation. Sample size was calculated with ENE program version 2.1, Glaxo SA. A difference of 10 (0.5 per item for 20 items) was recognized as the minimum, clinically relevant difference. With an α level of 0.05, a 1-beta of 0.8 and a standard deviation of 17
Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were carried out on a modified intention-to-treat basis with SPSS v.14. Some patients had difficulty in keeping evaluation appointments. Missing values at evaluation visits were substituted with basal values. However, the numbers of hospital admissions and exacerbations, and the usual treatment of patients, were not replaced by basal values and were scored as missing values.
To reduce bias caused by large withdrawal rate, we did sensitivity analysis. We performed per-protocol analysis, analysis with baseline values for missing data and analysis with multiple imputation for missing data. The three analyses gave the same results. Reported results are for analysis with baseline values replacing missing data.
The chi-square test was used to compare between-group smoking habits and health services utilization for COPD exacerbation. Comparisons of normal variables among the three groups were assessed by ANOVA together with the Tukey post-hoc test.
For the primary outcomes (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire subscale score, pulmonary function and 6-minute walking) we calculated within-group differences from baseline and 95%CI (with a fixed-effects regression model) adjusting for baseline scores using the treatment group as a predictor. Separate regression analyses predicted treatment differences at 3-month and 12-month evaluations. We conducted generalized linear models analyses (GLM) to estimate adjusted treatment differences and within-group and between-group differences, and the Bonferroni test to compare between-group differences. For the secondary outcomes, we used Poisson regression to analyze exacerbation rates requiring hospitalization and negative binomial to estimate the other variables covering healthcare utilization data. All the analysis was two-tailed, with an alpha level of 5%.
The study received the approval of the Baleares Ethics Committee and the Majorca Primary Care Research Committee.
We identified 97 patients who met all inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. All agreed to participate. Allocation resulted in 32 subjects randomized to the control group, 33 to the RHB group and 32 to the RHBM group. For some patients, the lag time from enrollment to basal evaluation was longer than expected because basal evaluations did not start until a minimum number of subjects were gathered for a rehabilitation group. The mean interval-time for each group was: 87 days for the control group, 110 days for the RHB group and 94 days for the RHBM group (Table
During that period some patients were lost and did not attend basal evaluation. Finally, 23 patients were included in the control group, 22 in the RHB group and 26 in the RHBM group; these patients were included in our analysis. Figure
Figure 1
Study design
Study design.
Patients' socio-demographic characteristics included in the analysis showed similar distributions among the three groups at baseline, with none of the parameters showing statistically significant differences (Table
Primary outcome
Within-group comparison (Table
Secondary outcomes
All 3 groups maintained pulmonary function, with no relevant significant changes, at both time points (Table
Our study evaluated the long-term effects of a PR program in a community primary care setting with moderate COPD patients. All the groups that took part in PR showed a significant improvement in the emotional dimension after 3 months. This improvement was only maintained in the group that completed the one-year maintenance PR program but not in the 3-month intervention group. Benefits in the fatigue and mastery dimensions also observed after one year of program maintenance were not achieved in the other 2 comparison groups. Lack of improvement in exercise tolerance and overall QoL ratings between groups did not allow accurate determination of PR short- and long-term effectiveness.
Previous studies reported that emotional improvement after the intervention was not maintained after discontinuation or not even after complete PR maintenance programs
Otherwise, between-group findings are not in line with the results of Lacasse et al. meta-analysis
In common with most PR studies conducted on COPD patients, we found no improvements in pulmonary function parameters
By selecting patients with low basal symptoms, the effectiveness of the intervention can be limited as described by others
We found that the proportions of individuals with some exacerbation episodes were similar in the three groups, in agreement with previous studies
Most PR programs are based at hospitals or at home
Our study showed persistent within-group improvements in QoL after only a 1-year maintenance program, with no similar effects in the 3-month program group. At this moment it is not known how long these programs should take and how they might influence behavior
One important limitation arises from the fact that we were not able to recruit the sample size required. Even with active review of included-centers' registers and COPD patients records, fewer patients than expected were identified. This is consistent with the results of other studies showing COPD under-reporting
The high rate of withdrawal was also an obstacle to obtaining fair results. Of the patients initially included, almost 50% withdrew after randomization and the remainder showed moderate adherence to PR sessions. These two limitations reduced the power of this study to identify PR benefits. The characteristics of patients lost after initial evaluation did not differ significantly among the three randomized groups, indicating that loss to follow-up did not alter our final results.
In analyzing the factors related to non-adherence, we found that one of the primary health care centers was located far from the city center thus limiting accessibility to patients living far away. Low adherence during the second year of PR in our first cohort study resulted in a deviation from protocol, which was designed to evaluate the long-term (24-month) effect of PR maintenance. Patient withdrawal due to morbidity and mortality also had a negative influence on our final sample. Most studies analyzing similar rehabilitation programs in COPD patients have also shown considerable loss to follow-up, even higher than ours
We found that patients with moderate COPD and low level of impairment did not show meaningful changes in QoL, exercise tolerance, pulmonary function or exacerbation after a one-year, community-based rehabilitation program. However, long-term improvements in the emotional, fatigue and mastery dimensions were identified. COPD is a disease in which most interventions, including pharmacological interventions, produce low levels of benefits that do not lead to quality of life improvements and a reduction in exacerbations. The selection of patients for community-based rehabilitation programs should be based on level of impairment and regular symptoms. The maintenance of benefits is highest in the group which completed the entire 12-month intervention although the long-term effects of PR programs is still unknown and more studies are needed to establish the optimum duration and nature of maintenance programs. These benefits are less evident in patients with moderate COPD.
Competing interest
The authors' declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contribution
MR, CL, AG and ME designed the study. ME and JR designed the questionnaires, coordinated trial field-work, acquisition of data and follow-up. IM and EZM elaborated the intervention, wrote the intervention leaflet and supervised physiotherapists. JR and ME did the statistical analysis and interpretation of data. MR, CL, ME, JR and AG wrote the paper. All authors provided critical revision for intellectual content, contributed to the writing of and approved the final paper.
This study was made possible by the dedication of our staff: We are grateful to Maria Perelló, the secretary of the study Central Office; to the physicians, nurses and psychologists at the Respiratory Unit, Hospital General de Mallorca; and to Rosa Güell and colleagues from the Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona. We also thank physiotherapists C. Rueda and A. Miranda, who worked with patients in such a sensitive way. Last but not least, we thank Alfonso Leiva for his valuable comments on the manuscript and Teresa Estrades.
This study was supported by a grant from the Marató de TV3 (nº 04–2610), by the University Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS). In addition, the study has received support from the Heath Promotion and Preventive Activities Network RD06/0018/0036 accredited by the Instituto Carlos III of the Ministry of Health.
Prevalence of COPD in Spain: impact of undiagnosed COPD on quality of life and daily life activities
Guía clínica de diagnostico y tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica. Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) y Asociacion Latinoamericana del Torax (ALAT)
Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Lung Health Study
American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Characterization of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Canada in 2005
The effects of a community-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme on exercise tolerance and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial
Results of a home-based training program for patients with COPD
Long-term effects of outpatient rehabilitation of COPD: a randomized trial
The effectiveness of outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic lung disease: a randomized controlled trial
Community pulmonary rehabilitation after hospitalization for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized controlled study
A comparison between an outpatient hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation program and a home-care pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with COPD: a follow-up of 18 months
Two different training programmes for patients with COPD: a randomized study with 1-year follow-up
Integrated disease management improves one-year quality of life in primary care COPD patients: a controlled clinical trial
Nurse-led multidisciplinary programme for patients with COPD in primary health care: a controlled trial
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rehabilitation at primary health-care centres - the KOALA project
A randomized, controlled trial comparing long-term and short term exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Efficacy of respiratory rehabilitation on patients with moderate COPD in primary care and maintenance of benefits at 2 years
Low intensity peripheral muscle conditioning improves exercise tolerance and breathlessness in COPD
An evaluation of two approaches to exercise conditioning in pulmonary rehabilitation
Long-term effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic airway obstruction
Quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory disease: the Spanish version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ)
The effect of comprehensive outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation on dyspnea
Diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: joint guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) and the Latin American Thoracic Society (ALAT)
Interpreting small differences in functional status: the Six Minute Walk test in chronic lung disease patients
Usefulness of the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale as a measure of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Results at 1 year of outpatient multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial
Long-term outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD
An integrated programme after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect on emotional and functional dimensions of quality of life
Do the benefits gained using a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation program remain in COPD patients after participation?
Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity in patients with COPD: a number needed to treat study
Sustained effects of integrated COPD management on health status and exercise capacity in primary care patients
Long-term effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled study
Is INTERdisciplinary Community-based COPD management (INTERCOM) cost effective?
Effects of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial
The impact of rehabilitation on behavior modification in COPD
Action plans for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Factors affecting drug prescription in patients with stable COPD: results from a multicenter Spanish study (IDENTEPOC)
The feasibility of recruiting patients with early COPD to a pilot trial assessing the effects of a physical activity intervention
A randomized clinical trial of an activity and exercise adherence intervention in chronic pulmonary disease
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Response from Doddington Hospital 2 years ago
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I am 44 years old, I am looking to remove my pregnancy related scars. What is the best way to go about it. My last pregnancy was in 1994.
Is It Possible to Remove Pregnancy Stretch Marks? (photo)
Doctor Answers 3
Stretch Marks on Abdomen
Unfortunately stretch marks cannot be removed by any non-surgical method. The only way they can be removed is through surgery. Stretch marks are caused because the skin is stretched beyond its capacity to recoil. Its like a rubber band that is over stretched and can never regain its original shortened length. Any laser that claims to tighten skin has not addressed the basic physiologic problem which is a dermis that is overstretched. The laser will however help the coloration but the stretch marks themselves will persist. You have to ask yourself if the goal is stretch mark removal or if its the discoloration that bothers you. Your best option is to have tummy tuck. Any stretch marks above the umbilicus will likely not be removed. Visit with a plastic surgeon.
Treating stretch marks on the abdomen
Although a tummy tuck will help remove stretch marks below the belly button, I have found that selective fractional laser skin resurfacing also works well for this area of stretch marks.
Learn more: http://surgery90210.com/cosmetic-dermatology/74/stretch-mark-treatment.aspx
Three things you need to know about stomach stretch marks.
1) Stretch marks below the belly button can be removed with tummy tuck. So in your case, most of them would go.
2) Stretch marks above the belly button are not removed with tummy tuck, BUT they are a lot less noticeable, because
a) they are now way down towards the pubic area, and
b) the skin is tight which makes the stretch marks less obvious.
3) Non surgical treatments for stretch marks don't really work and you will be disappointed.
You might also like...
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


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Madrid: Samuel Eto'o scored his 17th goal of the season to give FC Barcelona a 4-1 win over Zaragoza and extend its lead to seven points atop the Spanish League. The Cameroon international combined well with Brazil midfielder Ronaldinho to ensure Barcelona remained comfortably ahead of second-placed Real Madrid. Barcelona's match began with Zaragoza's Paraguayan defender Delio Toledo scoring an own goal in the second minute, sending a back-pass with too much pace past goalkeeper Ruben Falcon. Doubling the lead Barcelona doubled the lead in the 30th minute from a move that appeared to be offside when Ronaldinho chipped an overhead pass to Eto'o, who timed a perfect cross to France winger Ludovic Giuly in front of the net. Kickoff was delayed because referee Carmona Mendez could not get the electronic device that alerts him to an offside call by the linesman to work. The lack of the device was highlighted in the 11th minute when Argentine midfielder Luciano Galletti broke through the Barcelona defense, was signaled offside by the linesman but Mendez initially did not see the flag. The Romareda Stadium crowd roared at what was thought to be a penalty, but instead was belatedly declared offside. Heading in Ronaldinho set up a second in the 39th minute, again lobbing the ball over the defense and into the path of Eto'o, who controlled it and in turn lobbed the hapless Falcon. Galletti tried to rally Zaragoza in the 63rd minute, taking control of the ball outside the penalty area, avoiding the Barcelona defense and scoring with a powerful right-footed strike. Mexico fullback Rafael Marquez headed in from a corner taken by Xavi Hernandez in the 71st minute for Barcelona's final goal. Deportivo looked comfortable at Valencia and led in the 45th minute when Argentina midfielder Lionel Scaloni raced forward to score from a ball stolen off Ruben Baraja. Organized attack After the interval, Valencia looked more organized in attack and Marco Di Vaio took an accurate pass from Francisco Perez Rufete and tapped it in 50th minute to equalize. Deportivo rallied and midfielder Victor Sanchez showed a great first touch to set up the winning shot in the 73rd minute. Veteran goalkeeper Santiago Canizares watched from the substitute's bench for the first time since he arrived from Real Madrid in 1998, replaced by Andres Palop. (AP)
Topics : Football
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Divine Guidance/Path of the Soul Card: Gentleness ~ Doves
Expand Messages
- Among the many symbols, imagery and more that can embody this fullness we are stepping into with this new year the Dove is a shining example. We are entering a new cycle, as the Dove message affirms, as we step through our previous cycle; releasing and embracing change and newness as we transform and transmute where we were into where we are. This signals encouragement and hope which is one of the many fruits of that Divine Spirit which is always inside and apart of us. Accepting ourselves with grace, compassion, gentleness and love. A beautiful reminder that Gentleness of Spirit is reflection of our Inner Strength and Love. This is evident in many ways such as the tender and gentle touch of love from one to another. That touch which speaks more than all the spoken words across this beloved planet; an action that affirms to another that they matter, or that we are there present for them, that we care, that we love. There is apart of the true strength of character and the compassion of the soul when we reach out to others, physically and otherwise in Love. So recognize that intricate and delicate nature of Who You Are. That amazing spiral and pattern that glows with your radiance and remember that we can ask for assistance while being fully present and confident within our love and strength. That shows wisdom when we open more to those around us and are apart of the Beloved Souls who have each come together confidently and boldly. Recognize your uniqueness, Be authentic and allow yourself to beam, to glow, to smile, to laugh and to love. Share this with the world and be Open to one another Knowing that we each are fully loved and supported inside and out.
'May we live in peace without weeping. May our joy outline the lives we touch without ceasing. And may our love fill the world, angel wings tenderly beating.'
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Alcohol detoxification is a process that lasts about six weeks. The most severe withdrawal symptoms occur during the first three weeks. The later weeks also can be uncomfortable, however, with residual symptoms of insomnia and anxiety. While some choose to detox at home, others opt go to treatment centers. It's a personal choice. Detoxification is the beginning of the journey to recovery. Always consult a doctor before starting any type of detoxification program.
When to Start Alcohol Detox
Detoxification is treatment for the physical dependence that an alcoholic's body has on alcohol. The detoxification process flushes the body of alcohol, allowing the alcoholic to start recovery treatment programs.
Weeks 1 to 3
Intense symptoms tend to occur during the first one to three weeks of alcohol detox. The nervous system has been depressed by alcohol abuse, and suffers from synapses firing when alcohol intake stops. Symptoms during this time can include tremors, anxiety, severe seizures, hallucinations, shakes and sometimes even heart failure. The initial stages of detox can be dangerous, and death may result. Because of these intense side effects of alcohol withdrawal, doctors often cross-medicate in the first three weeks, giving the patient an anti-anxiety or seizure medication.
Weeks 3 to 6
Serious side effects of alcohol detox usually subside by week three or four. The body is sufficiently flushed of alcohol by the third week, so symptoms are lingering and not as acute. These could include insomnia and anxiety. Anxiety and insomnia, however, could last from several months to a year.
Inpatient vs. Outpatient Detox
The six-week process of alcohol detoxification can take place at home or at a residential treatment center. Patients who choose the home method should check-in regularly with a doctor or addiction specialist. A doctor may refer a person with mental health issues to an inpatient treatment center.
The Next Step
After the initial six weeks of alcohol detoxification, people usually begin a program to learn how to deal with their mental and emotional dependence on alcohol. They may seek the aid of a therapist, and attend meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous. Those who have been in detox at a treatment center may remain there, and complete a rehabilitation program. The length of these programs vary, but they last on average about three to six months.
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Stats tell a different story
The official investigation might have given the Donaghy affair the all-clear, but the numbers seem to tell another story. From Jeff Haney at the LV Sun: Throughout the saga of disgraced NBA referee Tim Donaghy, Las Vegas sports betting analyst R.J. Bell has done a thorough job of examining the scandal from a point-spread perspective. … Read more


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 19, 2002
|Filing date
|Jan 27, 2000
|Priority date
|Jan 27, 2000
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Elizabeth J. Driscoll, Norman Roger Lampert
|Original Assignee
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (68), Classifications (10), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to optical fiber connectors and, more particularly, to a buffer adapter, also known as the boot, of an optical fiber connector which provides the connector with anti-snagging characteristics and enables the polarity of an optical fiber cable terminated by the connector to be ascertained.
In networks and communication equipment that utilize a high count of optical fibers, such as with a dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM), it is frequently a nuisance and time consuming to de-tangle the optical connectors for desirable proper order and illustration, and to ensure DWDM operation, it is important to ensure that the 40 output fibers can also be organized, for example, in order of increased wavelengths, and detangled without damage to the fibers. An increasingly used connector for the purpose of determining fibers on DWDMs is known as the behind-the-wall (BTW) version of the LC connector. This small-form-factor-connector (SFFC) is an optical connector, such as is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,719,977 which discloses a BTW optical fiber connector for terminating a cable containing a buffered optical fiber. Each optical fiber is held within a fiber-holding assembly comprising a ferrule and a spring-loaded base member. The fiber-holding assemblies are contained within a common housing that is formed to include a flexible molded plastic latching arm member for interlocking with a mating receptacle or adapter. In high-density applications it is possible to have the latch "fish-hook" other connectors which become difficult to separate and organize.
Similarly, it can be important that when only a pair of transmit and receive optical fibers are to be connected to another pair of transmit and receive optical fibers, the correct optical fibers of each of the pairs are connected together in a duplex format, or optically coupled at their ends. Otherwise, an end of a transmit optical fiber of one pair may be connected to an end of a receive optical fiber of the other pair, which, for obvious reasons, is unacceptable. Properly orienting the optical fibers in this duplex manner ensures that the optical fibers are connected with the proper polarity.
Duplex optical connectors have been utilized in the communications industry to couple two simplex optical fibers together in a duplex arrangement to allow both optical fibers to be simultaneously connected to ports located on communication equipment or to an adapter that connects pairs of optical fibers together. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,787,706 discloses a duplex optical fiber connector for terminating a cable containing a pair of buffered optical fibers. The optical fibers are held within fiber-holding assemblies which are contained within a common housing that is formed to include two flexible molded plastic side arm members for interlocking with a mating receptacle. The housing includes details that can be used to ensure that when the optical fiber connector is connected with another optical fiber connector, the connection is made with the properly polarity.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,425 (hereinafter the '425 patent) also discloses an optical fiber duplex connector which is constructed by joining together a pair of simplex connectors with a plastic clip. The plastic clip has information thereon, such as the letters A and B, that may be utilized by a user to identify the correct polarization of the duplex connector with respect to an adapter (not shown) into which it is plugged.
Although the plastic clip disclosed in the '425 patent is suitable for use with the type of simplex connectors shown, which are normally connected to the front side of a connector receptacle or adapter, this clip is generally not suitable for use with behind-the-wall (BTW) connectors. BTW connectors which typically use buffered fibers are connected on the back side, commonly referred to as the junior side, of the receptacle or adapter where there is typically very little room. The confined area dictates that the simplex connectors and the boots associated therewith generally be shorter in length than the boots of the cables that are used with the simplex connectors in front side mounting configurations.
On the front side of the connector receptacle or adapter, there is generally plenty of space for the length of the connector which usually is for jumper cordage and the boot, which is also referred to as a cable support, and hence is not an issue. Therefore, the plastic clip disclosed in '425 patent, which connects to the housing of the connectors is suitable for use in this type of environment since the lengths of the housings normally are sufficiently long to accommodate connection with the clip at locations near the back ends of the housings. However, this generally is not true with respect to connectors used in BTW configurations.
It is important that the simplex or duplex orientation is maintained, i.e, each connector not be allowed to rotate on fiber axis, so that the trigger on the boot is in the proper orientation to interact with the latch. Internal keys added to the boot that fit into existing key-slots in the extender cap accomplish this. These key-slots are provided for inspection of proper orientation of the extender cap in the plug housing.
In BTW mounting configurations, the connectors that terminate the ends of the receive and transmit optical fibers must be connected to the receive and transmit ports located in the junior side of the receptacle or adapter. Therefore, the receive and transmit optical fibers must be correctly polarized on the junior side of the housing in the same manner in which the receive and transmit optical fibers must be correctly polarized on the front side of the receptacle or adapter. However, currently there is no aid for assisting a user or technician in determining the polarity of the optical fibers connected on the junior side. Therefore, once the transmit and receive optical fibers have been connected to the ports on the junior side, if a user removes one or both of the optical fibers from their respective ports, the user must somehow keep track of which simplex connector is to be connected to which port in order to ensure that the connectors are properly polarized when they are re-connected to the transmit and receive ports.
It would be desirable to provide a duplex boot that converts two simplex connectors into a duplex connector for use in case where there is very little room to work with the connectors and/or in cases where the housings of the connectors are too short to enable the housings to be coupled together to form a duplex connector. For example, once the connector has been inserted into an associated adapter or receptacle, most of the body of the connector is contained within the adapter or receptacle and is generally of insufficient length to enable a duplex yoke to be attached thereto for the purpose of clipping two of the connectors together to form a duplex connector.
Accordingly, a need exists for simplex and duplex boots that are capable of providing an anti-snag mechanism that prevents the simplex or duplex connectors from fish-hooking when the connectors are being removed from a connection location, and a means to prevent rotation of the connector on the fiber axis. Additionally, a need exists to join two simplex connectors together to form a duplex connector, which is suitable for use with connectors used in BTW configurations, and which helps a user to determine the polarity of the connectors easily.
The present invention is an anti-snag boot that attaches to the extender cap of an optical fiber BTW simplex connector to provide the connector with anti-snagging characteristics and/or to enable the polarity of an optical fiber cable terminated by the connector to be ascertained. The device generally is a boot having internal keys that are adapted to be received in the key-slots of the extender cap and prevent rotation of the connector within the boot of an optical fiber simplex or duplex connectors. The boot has a trigger thereon that is in contact with the latch of the simplex connector when the simplex connector is held in the clip body. When a user depresses the trigger, the trigger depresses the latch and causes the simplex connector to be decoupled from an adapter or receptacle. The trigger prevents the latch from snagging on objects, or "fish-hooking", when the simplex connector is being moved.
In accordance with a first embodiment, the boot is adapted to receive and grip the outer surface of the extender cap of a single simplex connector. A generally cylindrical bore is formed in the boot and the inner surface of the bore contains keys which are adapted to interact with existing key-slots of the extender caps. A cable can be passed through the boot prior to assembly of the connector. The boot is aligned and attached to a simplex connector, and then the trigger is available when it is desired to couple or decouple the connector from the receptacle or adapter. The boot has a trigger thereon that is in contact with the latch of the simplex connector when the simplex connector is held by the boot. The trigger allows a user to decouple the connector from an adapter or receptacle and provides the connector with the aforementioned anti-snagging feature.
In accordance with another embodiment, the device is a duplex boot that comprises a trigger that is adapted to receive and interact with the latch of the connector housing, that can also contain a web to create a duplex boot from a pair of simplex connectors both to hold the simplex connectors in close spatial proximity to one another to thereby form a duplex connector. The trigger and web are made integral with two or more boots to form a unitary structure. Slots are formed in the extender cap which interact with internal keys provided in the boots to provide an anti-rotation feature. During assembly of the connectors, cables can be passed through the boots so they can be later attached to (a pair of) simplex connectors when the simplex connectors are coupled to or decoupled from a receptacle or adapter. The duplex boot has markings thereon, which preferably are located on the trigger, that enable the polarity of the cables held in the connectors to be easily ascertained.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, drawings and claims.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior arrangement for converting a pair of simplex connectors to a duplex connector;
FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of another arrangement for connecting a pair of simplex connectors to a duplex connector;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a simplex BTW (behind-the-wall) connector with which the present invention is used;
FIGS. 4a through 4 c are perspective views of the boot of the invention for use with the connector of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partially exploded perspective view of the boot of FIGS. 4a through 4 c and the connector of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the assembled elements of FIG. 5 as mounted in a receptacle;
FIGS. 7a and 7 b are an end view and a cross sectional view along the line I—I respectively of the boot of the invention;
FIGS. 8a through 8 d are several views of the boot of the invention and embodied in a duplex arrangement; and
FIG. 9 is a partially exploded perspective view of the duplex combination of boot and connectors as mounted in a duplex receptacle or one side of a duplex adapter.
In FIG. 1 there is shown the arrangement of two simplex connectors 11 and 12 with the adapter clip 13 for creating a duplex connector, as disclosed in the previously discussed U.S. Pat. No. 5,579,425 (hereinafter the '425 patent). The duplex connector is constructed by joining simplex connectors 11 and 12 equipped with elongated boots 15 with plastic clip 13 by means of pins 14 projecting from a planar portion 16 of clip 13 which fit into holes 17 in the sides of each of connectors 11 and 12. Clip 13 is equipped with a trigger 20 which actuates trigger 21 which, in turn, actuate latches 22. As previously pointed out, clip 13 is generally not suitable for use with behind-the-wall (BTW) connectors, where space is at a minimum.
FIG. 2 illustrates another prior art duplex connector arrangement comprising two simplex connectors 23 and 24 which are clipped together to form a duplex connector by a yoke 27 which has a trigger 28 for actuating latching arms 29 and having boots 26. Both the triggers 20 and 28 provide the anti-snag protection that is desired.
The housing of connectors 23 and 24 require back portions 31, as do connectors 11 and 12 of the FIG. 1 arrangement which contain metal inserts for side loading capability which is a desideratum for front side connectors, as the connectors of FIGS. 1 and 2 are. However, such arrangements as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are not suitable for BTW mounting. For BTW mounting, metal inserts are not required, hence the back portion 31 of the connector body can be replaced by an extender cap which makes the connector substantially shorter.
In FIG. 3 there is shown a connector 33 suitable for BTW use, which comprises a body portion 34 having an extender cap 36 which has a short flanged portion 37 extending therefrom. Flanged portion 37 has key slots 38 therein (best seen in FIG. 5) which provide for inspection of proper orientation of the extender cap 36 in the plug housing 34. Body portion 34 has a latching arm 39 extending at an angle therefrom which functions to latch connector 33 in place within an adapter (not shown) or other connector receiving member. The front portion 41 of body portion 34 has a fiber containing ferrule (not shown) extending therefrom which, as shown in FIG. 3, is protected by a protective plug 42, which is removed when a connection is to be made. The ferrule is extended by a barrel or tube 51′ to facilitate installation of adhesives and the fiber. The overall length of connector 33 is substantially less than that of 11, 12, 23, and 24 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, thereby making it more suitable as a BTW connector.
As was pointed out in the foregoing, the abbreviated length of the BTW plug presents some difficulty in introducing an anti-snag or anti-fish hook arrangement inasmuch as there generally is not room for a trigger to be formed on the back end of connector 33, extender cap 36 being too short. In FIGS. 4a through 4 c there are shown various views of the boot 43 of the present invention, which provides an anti-snag feature. Boot 43 comprises elongated body having a large diameter portion 44 having a bore 46 therein for fitting the boot 43 over the flanged portion 37 of extender cap 36, a tapered portion over section 47 which resists side pulling and ensures a minimum bend radius for the optical fiber, and a reduced diameter portion 48 through which the fiber passes and which protects the buffered fiber from kinking. Between bore 46 and a reduced diameter portion 45 is a circular tapered cavity 40, and there is created a shoulder from which a pair of keys 50 extend, toward the front or connector end of the boot as best seen in FIG. 7b. Boot 43 is preferably made from a suitable material, such as flexible PVC or TPR, which is resilient or flexible, but sufficiently stiff to resist heavy side loads. In order to create an anti-snag configuration, boot 43 has extending at an angle therefrom a cantilevered trigger 49, the use of which is more clearly shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In FIG. 5, connector 33 and boot 43 are shown arrayed, but not connected to each other, on a buffered fiber 55. It is to be understood that other than buffered fiber may comprise member 55, which has been mounted in barrel assembly tube 51′. Generically, the term "cable" will be used hereinafter. Boot 43 is oriented relative to connector 33 such that, when they are connected, keys 50 fit within keyways 38. In addition, trigger 49 is oriented relative to keyways 38 such that its free end overlies the end of latching arm 39, as best seen in FIG. 6, thereby reducing the damages of snagging or fish hooking. In FIG. 6 the assembled connector-boot arrangement is shown mounted in a sectional view showing a receptacle or one-half of an adapter 52 (the alignment and other half of the adapter not shown). FIG. 6 also shows the location and orientation of the previously mentioned ferrule 51.
FIGS. 7a and 7 b illustrate the configuration of the boot and illustrate the arrangement of the bores 45 and 46 and location of the keys 50. It can be seen that bore 46 has a beveled undercut cavity 40 into which flange portion 37 of extender cap 36 fits and is gripped thereby, as seen in FIG. 6.
From the foregoing it can be seen that the boot 43 of the invention in its simplex configuration provides anti-snag protection without requiring additional connector length as in the structures of FIGS. 1 and 2, and facilitates removal of the connector from the adapter and, additionally, in the case of the duplex connector, insures correct polarization of the optical fiber and prevention of rotation of the connector relative to the fiber axis.
The principles of the invention as illustrated in the foregoing are readily adaptable to use in a duplex arrangement. In FIGS. 8a and 8 b there is shown a duplex boot arrangement 52 wherein first and second boots 53 and 54 are joined together in spaced relationship by a web 56 which has extending therefrom a trigger member 57. Inasmuch as the individual boots 53 and 54 are substantially identical to the simplex boot 43 described in the foregoing, corresponding parts have been given the same reference numerals. The duplex structure 52 can be in the form of a unitary molded member, or web 57 and trigger 57 may be in the form of a clip mounted on the boots 53 and 54. FIGS. 8c and 8 d are, respectively, an end view and a top plan view of the duplex connector arrangement. It is possible that more than a two connectors, i.e., duplex, assembly might be required in which case the arrangement of FIGS. 8a through 8 d can be expanded to accommodate more than two connectors, preferably in a unitary form, but by means of clips if desired. It can be appreciated that, thus joined, the connectors and the boots will not rotate relative to each other, thus insuring correct polarization.
FIG. 9 illustrates, in perspective, the relationship of the duplex arrangement 52 of FIGS. 8a through 8 c with a pair of BTW connectors 58 and 59 (buffered fibers not shown) mounted in a receptacle or half of an adapter 61. As was the case in the simplex arrangement, each connector 58 and 59 has a latching arm 62 and 63, respectively which are adapted to be actuated by trigger 57, the free end of which overlies them (see FIG. 6). The numerous advantages listed in the discussion of the simplex arrangement are also realized in the duplex (or greater) arrangement.
It is to be understood that the various features of the present invention are amenable to inclusion in other connector-boot arrangements, and that other modifications or adaptations might occur to those skilled in the art. All such variations, modifications, or adaptations are intended to be included herein as being within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims. Further, in the claims hereafter, the corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements are intended to include any structure, material, or acts for performing the functions in combination with other elements as specifically claimed.
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|U.S. Classification
|385/86, 385/59, 385/87
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 27, 2000
Owner name: LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DRISCOLL, ELIZABETH J.;LAMPERT, NORMAN ROGER;REEL/FRAME:010591/0389
Effective date: 20000125
|Mar 20, 2002
Owner name: FITEL USA CORPORATION, GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.;REEL/FRAME:012734/0892
Effective date: 20011116
|Oct 5, 2005
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 8, 2005
|Surcharge for late payment
|Nov 8, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 26, 2009
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 19, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 11, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20100319


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Why is this site called House of Taboo? Because we go where other sites won't! Case in point, this new roleplay scene featuring Cathy Heaven as a corrupt doctor at a mental institution. In a sterile white-tiled room, Cathy is free to indulge her own perversions with patient Tiffany Doll, naked under her hospital gown, and Mugur, playing a tongue-wagging lunatic in a straitjacket and wheelchair. It's clear that Dr. Heaven has a fetish for having mental patients do her sexual bidding, like suck her tits, as well as directing Mugur's meat into Tiffany's face. She has Tiffany get on the wheelchair to squat on Mugur's cock, then she crams Tiffany…


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Sakthi (Santhanam) is a hard working young man in Chennai. He is an orphan and due to circumstances is forced to go back to his village to sell a piece of land belonging to his parents. On the train, he meets a beautiful girl Vanathi(Aashna Zaveri) , who later turns out to be the daughter of the village landlord Rayar (Nagineedu). Meanwhile Sakthi lands up in her palatial bungalow where they believe in hospitality to all guests. Later the landlord realizes that Sakthi is the guy who he and his sons were waiting for 27 years to take revenge. Now, a cat and mouse game starts to get Sakthi out of the house so that they can kill him
Movie: Vallavanukku Pullum Aayudham (2014)
Director: Srinath
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Language: Tamil
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