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The societal benefits of reducing six behavioural risk factors: an economic modelling study from Australia
A large proportion of disease burden is attributed to behavioural risk factors. However, funding for public health programs in Australia remains limited. Government and non-government organisations are interested in the productivity effects on society from reducing chronic diseases. We aimed to estimate the potential health status and economic benefits to society following a feasible reduction in the prevalence of six behavioural risk factors: tobacco smoking; inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption; high risk alcohol consumption; high body mass index; physical inactivity; and intimate partner violence.
Simulation models were developed for the 2008 Australian population. A realistic reduction in current risk factor prevalence using best available evidence with expert consensus was determined. Avoidable disease, deaths, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and health sector costs were estimated. Productivity gains included workforce (friction cost method), household production and leisure time. Multivariable uncertainty analyses and correction for the joint effects of risk factors on health status were undertaken. Consistent methods and data sources were used.
Over the lifetime of the 2008 Australian adult population, total opportunity cost savings of AUD2,334 million (95% Uncertainty Interval AUD1,395 to AUD3,347; 64% in the health sector) were found if feasible reductions in the risk factors were achieved. There would be 95,000 fewer DALYs (a reduction of about 3.6% in total DALYs for Australia); 161,000 less new cases of disease; 6,000 fewer deaths; a reduction of 5 million days in workforce absenteeism; and 529,000 increased days of leisure time.
Reductions in common behavioural risk factors may provide substantial benefits to society. For example, the total potential annual cost savings in the health sector represent approximately 2% of total annual health expenditure in Australia. Our findings contribute important new knowledge about productivity effects, including the potential for increased household and leisure activities, associated with chronic disease prevention. The selection of targets for risk factor prevalence reduction is an important policy decision and a useful approach for future analyses. Similar approaches could be applied in other countries if the data are available.
About one third of the total burden of disease and injury in Australia can be attributed to 14 behavioural, physiological and environmental/social risk factors
Quantifying the potential benefits of disease prevention is, therefore, an important exercise in positioning for additional funding for reducing chronic diseases. Moreover, government and non-government organisations are showing a growing interest in the productivity effects from reducing chronic diseases. This is because government will benefit through future savings in health care expenditure on treatments for disease and from increased taxation transfers via larger individual incomes. Businesses will benefit from reduced absenteeism from work and less recruitment and training costs associated with replacing staff who die or retire prematurely due to ill health. Individuals benefit from increases in income, reduced absenteeism from work and/or time spent out of their roles at home and improved quality of life from reduced levels of ill health.
We aimed to estimate the 'health status' and 'economic' benefits of reducing the current prevalence of six specified behavioural risk factors to a
The following provides a summary of the main methods and assumptions applied in this study. Since the methods for this research are beyond what can be described in a single paper, a full technical report can be accessed at
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of models and data inputs
Schematic diagram of models and data inputs. ABS: Australian Bureau of Statistics. AIHW: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. UQ: University of Queensland.
Current risk factor prevalence estimates were largely based on data from the 2003 Australian Burden of Disease (BoD) study
Table 1
Definitions of risk factors*
Alcohol consumption
Long term high risk alcohol consumption: Greater than 75 mls of alcohol consumed per day for men, and greater than 50 mls of alcohol consumed per day for women.
Long term low risk alcohol consumption: Less than 50 mls of alcohol consumed per day for men, and less than 25 mls of alcohol consumed per day for women.
High body mass index
Obese or overweight: BMI greater than 25, based on self-reported height and weight.
Normal weight: BMI less than 25, based on self-reported height and weight (including underweight).
Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption
Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption: Consumption below the recommended minimum of 2 serves fruit and 5 serves vegetables daily.
Adequate consumption: Consumption at or above the recommended minimum of 2 serves fruit and 5 serves vegetables daily.
Intimate partner violence
High psychological distress has been used as a proxy for current exposure to intimate partner violence: High or very high levels of psychological distress (score 22-50 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale -10).
Moderate psychological distress has been used as a proxy for past exposure to intimate partner violence: Moderate levels of psychological distress (score 10-21 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale -10).
Physical inactivity
Inactive: Sedentary or low activity level.
Active: Moderate to high activity level (i.e. 3 sessions of at least 20 to 40 minutes vigorous exercise or 5 sessions of at least 30 minutes moderate exercise per week).
Tobacco smoking
Current smokers: Persons who smoke tobacco on a regular or irregular daily basis.
Ex-smokers: Persons who no longer smoke on a regular or irregular basis.
*These definitions were used to categorise cases in the National Health Survey to assess differences in workforce behaviour. The impact on health outcomes associated with these risk factors in our models were based on mortality and morbidity rates by age group and gender in the determination of age/sex specific population attributable fractions taken from the 2003 Australian Burden of Disease Study
The risk factor prevalence scenarios were modelled separately for each risk factor using best available evidence following an extensive literature review to inform decisions on what constituted realistic and feasible reductions. The methods and results for the smoking risk factor have been published recently
Table 2
Summary of selected feasible reductions for each risk factor
Risk factor
Intimate partner violence (prevalence %)
Arcadian ideal
Denmark: 22
High risk alcohol consumption (litres/capita/year)
Arcadian ideal
Norway: 6.4
Tobacco smoking (prevalence %)
Arcadian ideal
California: 15
Physical inactivity (prevalence %)
Evidence based
Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (grams/day/person)
Evidence based
External consultation and
Australian guidelines.
High body mass index (prevalence %)
Evidence based
Dutch intervention study;
external consultation;
National Preventative
Health Taskforce
*Progressive is half-way to achieving the feasible target
The approaches we used for target setting ensured realistic estimates (Table
Two different absolute levels of achievement of reductions in risk factor prevalence were modelled for each risk factor using threshold analysis principles. The
To emphasise the magnitude of our findings in relation to the status quo if no changes in the prevalence of these risk factors occur, we report the current attributable level of disease burden associated with these risk factors. This is equivalent to the amount of ill health that could be averted if the risk factors could be fully eliminated from the Australian population. We then provide the potential benefits if the reduction targets are achieved. The 'health status' benefits were measured as changes in the associated incidence of diseases (for example stroke, cancers and heart disease), as deaths and as Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with the risk factor reduction. The 'economic' benefits were measured as changes in workforce participation rates, absenteeism and early retirement from the workforce, as well as days of increased household and leisure activities that could be associated with improvements in health status. These economic benefits were then valued in 2008 Australian dollars as potential opportunity cost savings. The opportunity cost savings from preventable disease should not be considered as immediately realisable cash savings.
Data sources
Data for the risk factors of interest (e.g. prevalence estimates by age and gender, population attributable risk fractions [PAFs], etc), health status estimates (incident cases of disease, deaths) and full DALYs were obtained using the 2003 Australian BoD data files
Demographic data and information on the nominated health risk factors, employment status, and health-related actions were obtained from the 2004-2005 NHS Confidentialised Unit Record Files (CURF), with the approval of the Australian Statistician, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The NHS has self-reported information about the health status of Australians, use of health services, and other health-related aspects of lifestyle. Characteristics of the Australian population were estimated from the CURF data, with weights (expansion factors) assigned to individual responder's records consistent with the sampling strategy
Direct risk factor information (e.g. current smokers and ex-smokers) from the NHS to estimate differences in workforce productivity and days out of role due to ill health for household productivity and leisure time was available for all risk factors except intimate partner violence. For this study, we used the workforce behaviours of persons with high psychological distress as an approximation of the behaviours of women exposed to intimate partner violence. This was justified because anxiety and depression are the most common health-related outcomes of intimate partner violence
To calculate household production and leisure time, we used data files from the 2006 Time Use Survey
Data analyses
We developed population simulation models in Excel (Microsoft Office, 2003) and applied threshold analysis principles to determine the potential lifetime benefits of reducing the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for the 2008 Australian adult cohort (aged 15 years and over; about 17 million people). The simulation models for people in the workforce were developed from previous work undertaken by Deakin Health Economics for the Victorian Department of Treasury and Finance
Figure 2
Overview of household contribution, leisure time and household production calculation, calculated for each gender and workforce combination
Overview of household contribution, leisure time and household production calculation, calculated for each gender and workforce combination. NHS: National Health Survey.
We applied methods to correct for the joint effects of multiple risk factors, because most people in the Australian population have more than one of the risk factors of interest regardless of workforce status. That is, where two or more risk factors contributed to a disease outcome a statistical adjustment was required to avoid overestimating benefits. The joint effects correction was based on methods outlined in the 2003 Australian BoD study
Where cost data were taken from an alternative year, these were adjusted to 2008 by applying published total health price inflation indices
Workforce Production Gains model
In this study, workforce productivity effects were estimated to reflect changes in workforce participation and absenteeism associated with the health status of people aged 15 to 65 years (i.e. work ages until retirement) and determining the net health benefits for the working years of life. Workforce participation was defined as people working part-time, full-time or looking for work. 'Presenteeism', which is a measure and valuation of persons at work who are less productive because of ill health, was not included.
There are two main techniques which have been most frequently used in economic evaluation to measure and value productivity gains and losses: the Human Capital Approach (HCA) and the Friction Cost Approach (FCA). In brief, HCA counts all future income lost from an individual who leaves the workforce due to death or disability, whereas the FCA assumes individuals will be replaced after a specified period and thus productivity losses to society will be reduced. However, there is still debate in the literature about which method is preferable; see Koopmanschap and Rutten
Household Production and Leisure Time model
In this study it was considered important to capture aspects of productivity that go beyond those participating in the paid workforce. Household production was defined as the hours of time spent performing non-paid household duties such as cooking, shopping, cleaning, child care and maintenance. These duties were valued by assuming the 'replacement cost method' (i.e. the services would be purchased commercially when a person in the household was unable to perform them through ill health). The unit prices for household production were based on the average wage rates for commercially available domestic services and child care (Additional file
Additional file 1
Table S1 Summary of unit prices used to estimate household production and leisure time costs. Table S1 contains the input values (average, low and high) of child care, domestic services and average weekly earnings used to estimate household production and leisure time costs. Table S2 Summary of input parameters and uncertainty ranges for the economic models. Table S2 contains detail of the sources, values, uncertainty distributions and detailed comments relevant to all data inputs used in the modelling.
Click here for file
An overview of how household production and leisure time was calculated is provided in Figure
Health Sector cost estimation
The DCIS data provided information for one year only and included all health sector costs associated with the treatment of all incident and prevalent cases of disease based on episodes of care
In some instances it was more difficult to estimate the health sector costs associated with risk factors. This included several diseases related specifically to alcohol use (e.g. pancreatitis, gall bladder and bile duct disease, inflammatory heart disease and alcohol dependence and harmful use); tobacco use (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory tract infections, age related vision disorders, etc) and intimate partner violence (such as, sexually transmitted diseases). Where we did not have access to the DCIS files for these diseases associated with the risk factors, we used an indirect method by estimating the proportion of total DALYS for these diseases attributed to each risk factor and then multiplying this proportion by the total costs for the published health expenditure category that these diseases belong to e.g. mental disorders, respiratory, digestive system, etc
Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses
Multivariable probabilistic uncertainty analyses were undertaken using @RISK software version 4.5 for Excel
In total, it is estimated that about AUD9,000 million could have been saved if each of the six risk factors had been eliminated from the Australian population in 2008 (Table
Table 3
Total potential attributable opportunity cost savings
Uncorrected individual risk factors
Combined risk factors
High risk alcohol
Poor diet
Physical inactivity
Tobacco smoking
High BMI
Corrected for JE
Total production (FCA)
Health sector offsets
The data in this table represents the current estimated production and health sector costs based on current risk factor prevalence estimates. FCA: Friction cost approach for valuing workforce productivity losses; IPV: Intimate Partner Violence; BMI: Body mass index; JE: adjusted for joint effects of risk factors; $mill: Australian dollars in millions.
Table 4
Financial outcomes of all risk factors if feasible targets achieved, corrected for joint effects
All 6 risk factors
95% Uncertainty Interval
AUD millions
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
Production gains/(losses)
Recruitment/training costs
Leisure based production
Home based production
Health sector offsets
Total Opportunity Cost Savings FCA
Sensitivity analysis using Human Capital Approach (HCA)
Production gains/(losses)
Leisure based production
Home based production
Health sector offsets
Total Opportunity Cost Savings HCA
No probabilistic uncertainty analysis was conducted for health sector offsets because we were unable to quantify uncertainty for these point estimates. Taxation is treated as a transfer payment and should not be added to production effects or health sector offsets. HCA: Human Capital Approach; FCA Friction Cost Approach (preferred conservative estimate). Leisure and home based production estimates are based on persons 15+ years. Production gains/(losses) and taxation effects are based on persons 15-64 years. Recruitment and training costs are included in production gains/losses using the FCA, but not counted using the HCA. Values are net present value using a 3% discount rate. Numbers in brackets ( ) indicate the possibility of losses resulting from achieving the target, rather than gains.
Figure 3
Differences in the relative contribution of workforce production effects estimated using the Friction Cost Approach versus the Human Capital Approach
Differences in the relative contribution of workforce production effects estimated using the Friction Cost Approach versus the Human Capital Approach. Dollar values are Australian dollars in millions.
If broadly half the benefits were achieved (progressive target), total opportunity cost savings of AUD1,171 million (workforce, household and leisure production costs of AUD419 95% [UI -AUD55, AUD923] and AUD752 million in health sector costs) over the lifetime of the 2008 Australian adult population were achievable. There would be 48,000 fewer DALYs; 80,000 less new cases of disease; 3,000 fewer deaths; an increase in 2.4 million days in workforce participation; and 264,000 increased days of leisure time.
Further details are provided in the full technical report (
This is a novel study where there has been a systematic assessment of the benefits of concurrently reducing six important behavioural risk factors in the Australian community. These six behavioural risk factors lead to avoidable illnesses such as stroke, diabetes and cancer for millions of Australians. The potential benefits were modelled as lifetime estimates for a single (2008) population cohort. If the ideal targets for reductions in risk factor prevalence could be achieved then substantial opportunity costs savings were found (AUD2,334 million NPV at 3% discount rate using the FCA method with correction for joint risk factor effects). These summary estimates are particularly useful where preventative public health initiatives compete against acute disease treatment interventions for scarce health sector resources. This is because the opportunity costs of preventing disease have a much larger impact on a population compared to intervention options for treating cases of diseases alone. Moreover, these estimates provide a fuller picture of what might be achieved in terms of production gains because of the application to all members of society and not just people in the workforce. Capturing important household and leisure activities, such as caring for families, preparing meals and cleaning are increasingly recognized as essential to maintaining a work-life balance and being healthy, yet are rarely accorded their economic worth.
We used conservative estimates to value total productivity effects based on common approaches in economics (e.g. the use of average 2008 wage rates for household based on replacement costs for commercial services, but for workforce production we used age and gender specific average 2008 wage rates). In the financial year 2006-07, Australia's health expenditure totalled AUD94.0 billion, representing 9.0% of gross domestic product (GDP)
It is difficult to compare our findings with previous Australian and international literature for three main reasons. First, most research has focussed on quantifying economic costs and benefits for a single risk factor
The main strength of the analyses presented is the use of the best available evidence to provide a comprehensive and consistent examination of the benefits that may be possible where policy initiatives concurrently address feasible reductions in the prevalence of multiple risk factors. Another strength is the important correction downward to the estimates for the joint effects of multiple risk factors that contribute to the same diseases. Our joint effects correction prevents overestimation of total potential benefits. The use of uncertainty analyses to address the limitations of our data provides confidence in the main study finding, indicating that total potential opportunity cost savings are 95% likely to fall between AUD1,395 million and AUD3,347 million.
The main limitation of this project is the reliance on cross sectional, self-reported data from the NHS and the Time Use Survey to identify the association between the risk factors and reduced productivity due to ill health. Assuming causality in the absence of robust longitudinal data means that our results must be regarded as broadly indicative. This is because self reported data are less reliable than actual measurement data, since persons exaggerate or understate, fail to remember accurately, misunderstand questions and diseases, or simply misreport information. However, the evidence of a causal relationship between the risk factors investigated and the associated disease outcomes is sound and our assumption that a risk factor will lead to ill health and losses in productivity, despite some anomalies from using cross-sectional data, was valid.
Overall, the direction of bias from reliance on cross sectional, self-reported data is likely to underestimate our results since, in some cases, people without a risk factor were less productive than those with a risk factor which is reflected in the 95% uncertainty interval of the estimates. For example, men with high risk alcohol consumption and male current smokers were more active than their counterparts (i.e. low risk alcohol consumers or ex-smokers). The implication is that ex-smokers have more reduced days of activity as do low risk alcohol consumers who are not working. This led to some of the estimated benefits being negative when the prevalence of the risk factor was reduced (data not shown). This may be a plausible assertion and could, in part, be due to some people not in the workforce or over 65 years of age already being unwell and not working because of health effects, which may have also resulted in them becoming an ex-smoker or reducing their alcohol consumption. For example, people who consumed alcohol at levels associated with high risk may avoid leisure time activities where they would be encouraged to consume alcohol. Unfortunately, more detail about these cases is unavailable because the best available Australian data for this project were cross-sectional. This highlights an area for more research. Nevertheless, when the estimates are summed for men and women for both household production and leisure time, overall, there was a large attributable cost associated with smoking and high risk alcohol consumption, which could be reversible.
Another limitation is the paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of specific interventions to inform judgements about feasible reductions in risk factor prevalence. Furthermore, the selection of feasible targets was contentious, in particular for high BMI and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption where targets may appear optimistic. This highlights future research requirements in this area to support further decision analytic modelling for health promotion. Lastly, since people are not questioned in the NHS on the issue of intimate partner violence, we relied on surveyed levels of psychological distress amongst women as a surrogate measure
We have provided conservative estimates since we have adopted the view that only the incident cases of diseases related to the risk factors for the 2008 population will be reduced. Our assessment was restricted to new cases of disease avoided, ignoring any reduction in disease amongst those who are already ill. For example, prevalent or existing cases of cardiovascular disease would also benefit from becoming more physically active, eating more fruit and vegetables, losing weight or quitting smoking. Furthermore, we did not measure the likely benefits in future cohorts if our risk factors were further reduced. This was beyond the scope of the project and would require further assumptions to be made, including whether each cohort can be considered independent of another. Nonetheless, it would be anticipated that as prevalence of risk factors reduced through time there would be diminishing marginal returns since there would be fewer people exposed to the risk factors.
Our conservative preference was to use the FCA method as we believe it was more appropriate for our research question. The FCA was shown to halve the relative contribution of workforce productivity gains as a proportion of the total production benefits when compared to using the HCA. We accept that one potential compromise is to argue that workforce production gains will fall somewhere between the HCA and FCA production estimates reported. However, this is probably unnecessary with appropriate uncertainty modelling. We found that the upper level of the UI for the FCA was similar to the point estimate for the HCA regarding workforce production (where the range of uncertainty was much wider).
The most appropriate economic methods for quantifying and valuing household production and leisure time remain an area of continued debate
Finally, we recommend caution in the interpretation of the presented 'opportunity cost savings' because these benefits will only be achieved by the adoption of effective interventions that will certainly have implementation costs attached to them. We did not include intervention costs for this analysis and we have assumed that effective interventions exist to achieve the target reductions in the prevalence of the risk factors. Furthermore, the opportunity cost savings are not estimates of immediately realisable financial savings, but rather estimates of resources used in current practice that could be available for other purposes.
This study was designed to contribute important new knowledge about the potential impact of a reduction in risk factor related disease on health sector expenditure, workforce production, household production and leisure time. The selection of targets for risk factor prevalence reduction is an important policy decision and a useful approach for future analyses. Modelling Arcadian ideals, together with relying on guidelines/expert opinion, ensured modelled estimates were relevant, and realistic, in the Australian context to future prevention strategies. Importantly, future research providing insights into productivity impacts for individuals with and without risk factors over time would form the basis of more accurate estimates of avoidable production losses associated with ill health, which is currently limited by reliance on cross-sectional data. This work provides useful information to decision makers on estimating the potential benefits of reducing behavioural risk factors in Australia. Similar approaches could be applied in other countries if the data are available.
AUD: Australian dollars; ABS: Australian Bureau of Statistics; BMI: body mass index; BoD: burden of disease; CURF: Confidentialised Unit Record Files; DALY: disability adjusted life year; DCIS: Disease Costs and Impact study; FCA: Friction cost approach; GDP: gross domestic product; HCA: Human capital approach; NHS: national health survey; NPV: net present value; PAFs: population attributable risk fractions; UI: uncertainty interval; USD: United States dollars.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
Each author has made substantial contributions to this study and this manuscript. DC and AM designed the study, developed economic models, performed data analyses and supervised project staff. LS contributed to the literature reviews and drafting of the manuscript; TC contributed to the literature reviews, advisory committee meetings and drafting of the manuscript; DP analysed the national health survey data, contributed to advisory committee meetings and drafting of the manuscript; RC contributed to the design of the study, advisory committee meetings, supervision of project staff and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors' information
DC has a clinical background in nursing and holds a Master of Public Health in health economics and health program evaluation. Her PhD was an economic evaluation of stroke prevention interventions. She is currently supported by a joint National Health and Medical Research Council and National Heart Foundation Public Health Research Fellowship (ID 610313) and is the Head of the Public Health division at the National Stroke Research Institute. She has an honorary staff fellowship appointment with Deakin Health Economics (Deakin University) and the Department of Medicine at The University of Melbourne.
AM has a background in health economics, epidemiology and public health and is a fulltime Senior Research Fellow with Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University.
LS is a Research Fellow with Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University and has a Master of Public Health.
TC is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the National Stroke Research Institute and has a background in psychology, research into physical inactivity, cognition and depression.
DP is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow for the Melbourne School of Population Health at The University of Melbourne and has a background in biology, information technology and epidemiology and biostatistics.
RC is a Professor of Health Economics at Deakin University and has an extensive research and policy background in priority setting and decision-making in health.
The work was supported by The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth) following a competitive tender process. VicHealth is an independent, statutory authority that was established by the Victorian Parliament of Australia as part of the Tobacco Act 1987 with a mandate to promote good health for all Victorians. Our manuscript was prepared after the contract with the sponsor was completed and the publication of the study results was not contingent on the sponsor's approval. The authors do not have any direct or indirect financial relationships with VicHealth.
Members of the Advisory Committee for the study are thanked for the time and expertise they contributed which included staff from the Victoria Department of Treasury and Finance, the Victorian Department of Health, the Centre for Alcohol Social Research, Faculty of Business and Economics (Monash University), various health promotion experts from VicHealth and external nutrition and diet experts from Deakin University and the University of Wollongong. A/Professor Theo Vos (University of Queensland) is acknowledged for providing us with the relevant 2003 Australian Burden of Disease study files for use in this study, and his advice re how to correct for co-morbidity to avoid overestimating disease burden associated with the risk factors in our study.
Burden of disease and injury in Australia in the new millennium: measuring health loss from diseases, injuries and risk factors
Chronic disease prevention: health effects and financial costs of strategies to reduce salt intake and control tobacco use
Prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals in low-income and middle-income countries: health effects and costs
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AusDiab 2005: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study. Tracking the Accelerating Epidemic: Its Causes and Outcomes
Economic benefits of achieving realistic smoking cessation targets in Australia
Avoidable burden of disease: conceptual and methodological issues in substance abuse epidemiology
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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text: Robert Siegel From A Life Term To Life On The Outside: When Aging Felons Are Freed By Robert Siegel • Feb 18, 2016 When Karriem Saleem El-Amin went to prison in 1971 for the murder of Baltimore grocer David Lermer during a robbery, he was an 18-year-old killer named William Collins. In 2013, El-Amin left prison after serving 42 years, 3 months and 3 days. Today, he is 60 years old, back in the city of his youth, converted to Islam, subdued by age and often baffled by the experience of freedom. Little things, like dining in a restaurant, can be disorienting. Tourists Flock To New Hampshire For Front Row Seat To Presidential Politics By Robert Siegel • Feb 5, 2016 Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/. Transcript KELLY MCEVERS, HOST: Our co-host, Robert Siegel, has been in New Hampshire all week with the other journalists, pundits and campaign staffers who descend on the state every four years, and he's been captivated by some of the other visitors. New Hampshire Newspaper Publisher: 'Trump Has Overturned The Table' By Robert Siegel • Feb 3, 2016 With New Hampshire's first-in-the-nation primary less than a week away, the publisher of the state's largest paper, the Union Leader, told NPR's Robert Siegel his assessment of how the Republican presidential race has played out thus far in a single word: "Extraordinary." And the reason he describes the GOP campaign that way boils down to Donald Trump, who, despite coming in second in the Iowa caucuses this week, enjoys a double-digit advantage in most New Hampshire polls. 3 College Seniors Contemplate Their Appointment With The Real World By Robert Siegel • Dec 24, 2015 What do you get from a college education? And, given today's eye-popping costs, is it worth it? Through this academic year, we're following a group of college seniors from Montgomery County, Md., and asking them those questions. Among those students are three women on the verge of real life. Alejandra Gonzalez is an in-state student at the University of Maryland, in College Park. She's one of 27,000 undergraduates. To help pay for college, she works at the admissions office. 2 Students Hope Their Investment In Arts Education Will Pay Off By Robert Siegel • Dec 23, 2015 Throughout this academic year, we're following a group of students who graduated from high school a few years ago in Montgomery County, Md., just outside Washington, D.C. We're asking about the choices they've made and about the cost and value of higher education. Pages« first ‹ previous … 5 6 7 8 … next › last »


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"We should be fine here," said Skaï.
"Are you sure your plan will work?" asked Cielle, panting after the long trek they had to do to reach the top of the cliff overlooking the Golden Eaters' camp.
"Not yet. I need to do some scanning first," answered the Avatar.
"Oh! So you mean we walked all this way not knowing if your plan was even possible?"
Ignoring Cielle's whining, Skaï crouched at the edge of the cliff and begun his observation of the bandits' settlement.
It has been a day since he made his deal with the firebending girl, and it was night once again. The area they were actually in was called the Arid Mountains and, as expected from its name, was empty of vegetation. Down there, three big campfires burned heavily, making the area quite clear to see. Skaï noticed that the camp was rather small, counting ten tents and six ostrich horses tied at its outskirt. A small creek nearby served as their water supply and could be used for waterbending in need of a fight, assuming his plan wouldn't go as expected. But what he truly cared about was the earthbenders themselves. At that time of the night, most of them were asleep, but as expected from any sort of group camping in the wilds, two watchmen were guarding the place. His plan could work.
"Alright," said Skaï, breaking out of his concentration. "Here's what we're going to do."
"Where did you learn to do that?" interrupted Cielle.
"What?" replied the Avatar, slightly annoyed.
"You know, coming up with a plan just by seeing the layout of your opponents' basecamp."
"I learned with practice," answered Skaï coldly. "Can we get back to subject now?"
Ignoring his last statement, "Practice? But you're not much older than me! Not only that, you're bending is amazing too. What sort of 'practice' did you have to go through so that you could get that strong?"
"Look, Cielle, it doesn't matter. Just know that when you've seen things... and done things that you don't want to ever happen again, you get stronger so that you can stop it yourself next time. Now, dawn will be here anytime soon, so if we're going to do this, it's now."
Realizing that he had spoken aggressively, Skaï closed his eyes and took discreet, slow breaths to calm himself.
"I'm sorry," the girl apologized, unsure of what to think about his speech. "Let's do this."
"Thank you. Back to the plan. First, we're not going to need the Dragon Fighters. They would attract more attention than we need. What we want is to lure one of the watchmen here, so that we can interrogate him. There's only two of them, and one must remain to guard the camp, so it's almost guaranteed that just one will be coming. When he does, we get him, and you start your questioning. The cliff should prove useful to pressure him. Now, the tricky part is that the other watchman will start worrying if his partner doesn't come back after quite some time. So, as soon as we have the first guard, I'll go down there with airbending and stealthily neutralize him. It shouldn't be hard. Just the time to hide his unconscious body and I'll be right back. But remember, you can't use violence to force our guy to talk. If he screams, we'll have twenty other earthbenders to deal with by ourselves. Any questions?"
Skaï had spoken in a high pace, but being the strategist of her own group, Cielle had been able to follow it.
"What if the watchman start screaming anyway, despite my threats to throw him down the cliff?" asked the girl after having assimilated Skaï's plan.
"You run. Return to where the Dragon Fighters are standing by and prepare them for battle."
"And if you're still down there?"
"I'll be fine, don't worry. You saw what I could do when we first met."
Cielle laughed lightly. "Do you mean when that rock hit you right in the stomach, or when Zan Ji punched you?"
"So his name is Zan Ji," contented to reply Skaï, smiling at the teasing. "Anyway, are you ready?"
After Cielle nodded, the Avatar kicked the earth under him, creating a hole where they could both fit. The firebender girl put her dragon mask on and jumped into the stash, followed by Skaï who, just before closing the hole, raised his arm and launched two very small flares with firebending. Then they waited.
Soon later, they heard the sound of rock cracking and sliding, coming closer and closer as an earthbender climbed his way up by lifting the ground along the cliff side. Then it stopped, and they heard footsteps. Hesitant at first, they began to move faster as the earthbender probably started thinking about a false alarm. When he came right above them, Skaï made a sweep move with his arms, causing the hole to open and the watchman to fall inside. Then, with a surprising agility, Cielle restrained the earthbender whilst covering his mouth. Only a moment later, the man was completely tied up in a solid rope and his mouth was gagged with a thick handkerchief.
Continuing with his plan, the Avatar headed to the void.
"Good luck," whispered Cielle just before Skaï leaped off the cliff.
During his fall, he looked for the remaining watchman and used little air pushes to place himself just above him. Then, with great agility, he landed softly just behind the guard, using airbending to cushion himself, which created a small wind gust. Alerted, the earthbender turned back, but the Skaï had followed his movement and managed to stay behind him. When the earthbender turned back again, the Avatar hit him with a swift and powerful strike of the side of his hand to his neck. The man instantly passed out and fell into Skaï's arms. The boy then made a hole similar to the one he hid with Cielle, put the body in it and closed it, leaving small holes so that the unconscious man could breathe. Then, quick and discreet, he returned to the cliff side and began its ascension by jumping from rock to rock, propelling himself with airbending each time he leaped. When he arrived at the top, the captured earthbender was lay down at the edge of the cliff and Cielle, somehow without her mask, had a foot on him, threatening to make him roll into the void.
"How is it going?" asked Skaï.
"You didn't take long. Is there anything you're not good at?" answered the girl.
"Cielle, how is it going?" insisted the Avatar, ignoring her remark.
"All good. That coward gave me my answers as soon as I got him near the cliff's edge. It was almost too easy."
"Be glad it was. Now come on. We need to get out of there before the guy I knocked out wakes up," said Skaï while starting to head back already. However, when he realized she wasn't following him, he looked back and saw her still in the same position with a conflicted look on her face.
"Cielle, what are you doing? Hurry up," he pressed her.
When she slowly turned her head to look back at him, he knew what would happen.
Too late. With a little kick, she had pushed the tied man who had rolled and fell off the cliff.
"Damn it!" shouted Skaï, running off to where the man fell. With an air outburst, he leaped in direction of the ground underneath. To gain speed, he put his arms behind him and generated four fire thrusters at the end of each of his limbs. At last, he caught up with the earthbender just a few meters before he would have crashed on the hard and dusty ground. To stop their fall without the use of his arms, occupied by the enemy he was trying to save, he inhaled a large quantity of air, and exhaled it violently just before touching the ground, with enough power to break their fall at the last second. His fight with the Dragon Fighters had taught him well.
Taking time to realize that he was still alive, Skaï lay down on his back and stared at the dark sky of the night while taking heavy breathes. Beside him, his near-death-experience comrade had passed out during their fall, utterly terrified.
The Avatar's relief, however, didn't last long. When he raised himself up, about twenty angry looking earthbenders were surrounding him.
"I'm really beginning to regret saving you, you know?" said Skaï ironically at the fainted out man. "Makes me wonder if you guys really are the bad guys in this story. Oops."
Without warnings, the earthbenders had started to attack, raising rocks by kicking the ground and throwing them at Skaï with their fists. Not having any time to riposte, the latter dodged as much as he could, pirouetting, spinning and twirling between the boulders, but there was too many of them. One hit him on the back, another on the right leg before he could stand back up and a last one on the back of his head knocked him down on the ground. At first, there was only silence, then he heard screaming. He had managed to get back on his knees to try to see what was going on when he saw red lights flashing in the darkness of the moonless night. All around him, firebenders were attacking the earthbenders visibly taken by surprise. In the distance, he could heard Zan Ji shouting orders and calling formations. The Dragon Fighters had come to help him. Swept by the intensity of his allies, Skaï got back on his feet and quickly found his way to the rear of the battlefield, where Cielle was giving Zan Ji instructions.
"Why did you save him?" aggressively asked the girl loud enough to cover the battle sounds as soon as Skaï reached her.
"Why did you did this?" replied the Avatar in an even angrier and louder tone.
"Because I could! You have no idea what those rats are capable of!" shouted Cielle with tears to her eyes.
"You had what you wanted!"
"So what? Did you expect me to just let these bastards continue to wreak havoc at every new village they pass by? Someone needs to stop them, and if an overthinking, deductive freak and elements master won't do it, then I will!"
"I wasn't going to let them continue! But killing them off isn't the way! Earlier, I said to you that there was things I regretted for which I became stronger. This is one of those things. Don't do the same mistake."
Suddenly, Zan Ji, who had directed the Dragon Fighters without his leader's help during her heated chat, interrupted them.
"Cielle, they're retreating. What should we do?"
Both she and Skaï stared at each other in the eyes for a while, as if they were debating without the use of words, like they knew exactly how the other felt. Then she suddenly lowered her eyes.
"Call them back..."
The big man complied and the Dragon Fighters, accompanied by the Avatar, began to head back to their forest.
Almost a day of rest later, during the evening, Skaï and Cielle were sitting together at a campfire, discussing what would happen next. Molly had find her master and friend back and was busy eating fishes in the heat of the fire.
"This raven hawk will bring my message directly to a friend of mine," said Skaï by sending the said animal with a red scroll attached to its paw. "He's the leader of a skilled sword masters group that specialize in capturing outlaws. The Golden Eaters are as well as captured with him in charge. See? I always have a plan."
"What are you going to do now?" asked Cielle.
"I'll head east. I heard a large group of earthbenders were building some sort of big wall. It worries the Sun Warriors and the Moon's Children think they are building a new type of earthbending weapon. In any case, it could escalate pretty quickly if nothing is done."
"Can I come with you?"
"What?" replied Skaï, genuinely surprised by the sudden request.
"The info I got says that what I'm looking for is at 'the Great Wall'. It seems like your destination fits with mine, and you got a flying beast to get you there."
"Her name's Molly," said Skaï severely.
"And beside, we made a pretty good team last night you and I, didn't we?"
"Yes, until you kick a man off a cliff."
"Alright, alright. I'm really sorry. I got emotional and lost control. It won't ever happen again, I promise. So what do you say?"
"What about the Dragon Fighters?" asked Skaï, starting to yield to the girl.
"I think that Zan Ji proved last night that he is more than capable of leading them for a while. They're in good hands."
The Avatar, abdicating, sighed. "Fine. Welcome aboard, Cielle the Dragon Mask."
Somewhere, in a dark cavern dug into mountains, a small man kneeled before his master.
"My Lord," said the servant in a scared voice whilst presenting a red scroll with his head bowed. "We intercepted this message, My Lord. The signature, My Lord."
A man raised from his throne and took the scroll. After reading it, he burst in a sinister laughter that resonated throughout all of the tortuous cavities constituting his kingdom.
"He is back," said a deep and imperious voice.
"The Avatar is back."
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|Method of synergistic treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia
|Disclosed is an improved treatment for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), involving combination therapy of a 5.alpha.-reductase inhibitor, e.g. a 17.beta.-substituted 4-azasteroid, a 17.beta.-substituted non-azasteroid, 17.beta.-acyl-3-carboxy-androst-3,5-diene, benzoylaminophenoxybutanoic acid derivative, fused benz(thio)amide or cinnamoylamide derivative, aromatic 1,2-diethers or thioethers, aromatic ortho acylaminophenoxy alkanoic acids, ortho thioalkylacylaminophenoxy alkanoic acids, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, and particularly finasteride, in combination with an .alpha..sub.1 -adrenergic receptor blocker, i.e., terazosin. The combination provides therapy at the molecular level for the underlying cause of the disease as well as providing symptomatic relief. Pharmaceutical compositions useful for treatment are also disclosed.
|Gormley; Glenn J. (Westfield, NJ), Stoner; Elizabeth (Westfield, NJ)
|Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, NJ)
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Comic Book News
Comic Blog & News
Announcing Thanos: the Infinity Revelation
Earlier this year Jim Starlin teased on his Facebook that he was returning to one of his very favorite characters. The writer was the creator of Thanos: The Mad Titan. He wrote some truly great stories featuring the purple menace including The Infinity Gauntlet, The Infinity War, and Thanos: The End. These stories all directly involved Thanos and Adam Warlock getting into some kind of brawl over the fate of the Marvel Universe. Now, the titan has attacked the earth so many times, that seeing him with yet another failed attempt at world domination in Marvel Comics recent Infinity event was slightly disappointing. Thankfully, the landmark creator is now going to lend his steady hands back to his creation with Thanos: The Infinity Revelation. The title of the project and some original art was revealed today over at Newsarama. The book is set to be released in the form of an original graphic novel and seems to also include the Guardian's of the Galaxy. Plot summary was also hinted at, as Starlin revealed that Thanos and Warlock are going to be working together in order to stop a cosmic threat.
There is no word on the release date for the original graphic novel, but go seek out Starlin's previous Thanos work such as The Infinity Gauntlet or The Infinity War
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Escaping Tbilisi without a scratch on The Turtle V, we headed east towards Georgia's famous wine region. We're always interested in new foods in each country, so when we spotted some ladies selling fresh bread, we had to check it out.
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If you got here via a Search and aren't on a recent date, PLEASE CLICK "HOME" in lower left below to travel to the most recent entry. Thank you. This blog began in 2009, so there are countless posts. See Label List for topics of interest. To ask questions, please avoid leaving comments on OLD posts or they might be missed. For answers, write to me at firstname.lastname@example.com. Peace & Blessings!
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
More on Sexing Bourke Parakeets & a little on Splendids
7 comments:
- neversink7 said...
Hi, just wondering if you have ever had problems with splendid or bourke parents pulling the feathers off of their babies. My 2 pairs of splendids raised their first clutches last fall w/o major problems. This time around, both parents of both pairs have been plucking the feathers of their babies once they were fledged. The worst is the youngest babies, which I've had to pull to handfeed since they are nearly bald over the chest and back now. I'm not sure if it's just they are not wanting to care for these babies anymore or could there be some nutritional issue - I feed them everything good I can find, so not sure what could be missing.
- May 28, 2010 at 5:21 PM
- The Splendid Bourke Bird Blog said...
This is interesting. I'll do a blog post with my opinion.
- May 28, 2010 at 5:32 PM
- Jamielynn said...
I had this problem once. Vitamin D and/or iodine in the diet really helps. FYI - vitamin D comes naturally from sunlight. Hope this helps!
- September 6, 2010 at 12:42 PM
Hello from Arizona (originally Western Washington)! I have two Rosy Bourkes and wonder if they are male and female. The one I suspect is a male regurgitates and feeds the other at least twice a day. This feeding is never reciprocated. There are other behaviors - mostly vocalizations - that make me suspect my two are a pair. Do you find that regurgitating feeding behavior indicates a male/female bond? Thanks! I'm loving your blog.
- May 14, 2014 at 7:25 AM
I found the answer to my question regarding my two Bourkes and regurgitation feeding in further reading on your blog. I'm going to provide my birds with a nest box in the hopes I have a male/female pair, not two males. They're lovely, tame birds so I won't be too disappointed if we have no chicks, but I'd sure love it if they could replace themselves before old age takes them from me.
Thanks for all the great information! (and beautiful photos)
- May 14, 2014 at 8:29 AM
- G. A. Lewis said...
Hello Arizona/Washington,
Thank you for the kind words. Glad you found your answers even before I got back to you. Best of luck raising your beautiful birds. Bourkes are very sweet. Peace & Blessings, Gail
- May 14, 2014 at 9:57 PM
Hello. I have just got my baby Bourke's. Both are expected to be female. One pink with some yellow on the wings and the other has pink with hints of grey on chest, mostly pink head and pink on back. Would the second one grow up a normal with a lot more grey or stay pink? Your post didn't say what kind they were but the one in question looks a bit like the middle one in the first picture, but the pink softer.
- November 22, 2015 at 1:35 PM


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Drew Goddard is the creator and an executive producer for Daredevil.
He also wrote the Daredevil episodes Into the Ring and Cut Man
Goddard will also be an executive producer of The Defenders.[1][2]
- Goddard was originally slated to be Daredevil's showrunner, but he was forced to step aside due to his signing to direct another Marvel-based movie, The Sinister Six, for Sony Pictures Studios. Goddard remained as a consultant for the series.
- Goddard assisted Joss Whedon with Captain America's arc in Avengers: Age of Ultron.[3]
- Among other credits, Goddard is the writer of Cloverfield, World War Z and The Cabin in the Woods. He has worked with Joss Whedon on Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel and The Cabin in the Woods, and with J.J. Abrams on Alias and Lost.
- Goddard will co-write the upcoming Deadpool 2.


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Meaning and Origin of: Blythe
Search for Names & Meanings Top 100 Names for Boys Top 100 Names for Girls Last Name History & Meaning Name Popularity Tracker Celebrity Names Search for Names by Trait Browse First Names A-Z Browse Last Names A-Z Browse First Names by Origin Browse Last Names by Origin Baby Name Lists How to Choose a Name
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Girl name origins & meanings:
- Old English : Joyous
Family name origins & meanings:
- English and Scottish : nickname for a cheerful person, from Old English blīðe 'merry', 'cheerful'.
- English and Scottish : habitational name from any of several places called Blyth or Blythe, especially Blyth in Northumberland, named for the rivers on which they stand. The river name is from Old English blīðe 'gentle', 'pleasant'.


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Chuck Resnik, brother of Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut Judith Resnik, left, and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, right, visit the Space Shuttle Challenger Memorial during a wreath laying ceremony that was part of NASA's Day of Remembrance on the 30th anniversary of the Challenger accident, Thursday, January 28, 2016, at Arlington National Cemetery. Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.
Photo Credit: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani
Photo Credit: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani
Last Updated: Jan. 28, 2016
Editor: Sarah Loff
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
Inscríbete en el Foro del blog y participa : A Vuelo De Un Quinde - El Foro!


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Published: October 25, 1989
COMPANIES UAL's stock rebounded after plunging $33 early in the day and closed down $8.375, at $170. The recovery was spurred in part by rumors of stock purchases by two large investors. [ Page D1. ] The proposed takeover of United Airlines is a certain nominee for Wall Street's worst deal of the year. [ A1. ] Officials of the Transportation and Treasury Departments told a House subcommittee that proposed legislation to restrict airline takeovers would not be good for the industry or the economy. [ D8. ] The trust that owns the majority of Manville's stock is exploring whether to put the company up for sale. [ D1. ] A.T.& T. and Sun Microsystems are on the verge of winning the race to establish a new software standard. [ D1. ] I.B.M. introduced an array of products for computerized manufacturing. [ D4. ] Sears, Roebuck's profits fell 15.6 percent in the third quarter, relecting a sharp drop in retailing income and a rash of hurricane claims against Allstate Insurance. [ D1. ] Shell, Mobil and Chevron reported that profits were down slightly; Texaco reported higher total profits but a decline on a per-share basis. [ D7. ] A $2.25 billion offer for Public Service of New Hampshire is expected from shareholders and Northeast Utilities. [ D4. ] Salomon's earnings more than doubled in the third quarter, to $177 million, or $1.28 a share. [ D7. ] Times Mirror's earnings fell 13.4 percent; Knight-Ridder's net jumped 18.2 percent, while The Washington Post Company's profits were up 17.7 percent. [ D22. ] Mercedes-Benz introduced a high-performance roadster embodying new safety technology. [ D5. ] TECHNOLOGY The marketing of ''degradable'' plastic products is raising concerns that consumers worried about the environment are being lulled into an unwarranted sense of security. [ Page A1. ] Are plastic or paper bags a better choice for shoppers concerned about the environment? [ D9. ] MARKETS The stock market gyrated wildly on heavy volume. The Dow Jones industrial average plunged 85 points in the first hour of trading but recovered to close 3.69 points lower, at 2,659.22. [ D1. ] Stock index futures prices also fluctuated wildly. [ D18. ] The S.E.C.'s chairman, Richard C. Breeden, sent reassuring signals to the markets in a wide-ranging interview. [ D1. ] Prices of Treasury securities continued to climb and yields declined. [ D17. ] Yields were mixed on C.D.'s and money market accounts for the week ended yesterday. [ D17. ] The dollar finished lower against most leading currencies, depressed by the volatility of stock prices. [ D18. ] Shares sold short and not yet covered rose 6 percent in over-the-counter trading in the four weeks ended Oct. 13. [ D28. ] INTERNATIONAL The Bush Administration put forward a plan for knocking down trade barriers in services. [ D5. ] THE ECONOMY Sales of U.S.-built cars plunged 19 percent in mid-October and sales of domestic light trucks dropped 22.8 percent. [ D5. ] Orders for durable goods edged down 0.1 percent in September despite the second-biggest increase in military orders. [ D2. ] TODAY'S COLUMNS
Could A.T.&T.'s rivals in long-distance survive no-holds-barred competition? Peter Passell: Economic Scene. [ D2. ] The ''junk bond'' and stock markets share anxieties after going their separate ways earlier this year. Market Place. [ D10. ] Shearson Lehman Hutton's new advertising made its debut during ''ABC Monday Night Football.'' Advertising. [ D21. ]


text: Ok i have a glow shift AFR guage fitted, it splices into the narrow band Lambda sensor. At WOT it drops below 10:1 and on coast in gear its 17:1. Under normal driving it flickes between 10 and approx 13.5, then as soon as i go WOT it drops to the floor. I know that the guage isnt calibrated but surely it cannot be that far out. I bought it as a way of keeping an eye on the AFR to keep the EGTs acceptable, i realise that the low AFR will the EGT down, but at the expense of fuel economy and performance. The only change since being mapped is the exhaust manifold and FMIC neither of which should have an impact i can think of. So anyone have any ideas? Is it down to tuning or do i have a faulty componant somewhere?


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Introducing the all new uKeg 128 pressurizable growler from Growler Werks. Made from double-layer, vacuum-insulated stainless steel, this mini keg will keep your beer fresh and cold anywhere. Fitted with a CO2 regulating cap and tap handle. Includes two 16 g CO2 Cartridges, brass handle and integrated pressure gauge.


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Academy Awards Guide
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love this movie now i don't have to wait until Christmas. I can watch anytime...
ITEM#: 11403368This vignette-laden, nostalgic view of Christmastime in 1940s Indiana follows nine-year-old Ralphie, who desperately wants a Red Ryder BB Gun for Christmas--and is waging an all-out campaign to convince his reluctant parents that the toy will be safe in his hands. By turns warped and winsome, the comedy follows Ralphie as he prepares for the big day with his rather idiosyncratic family. Based on the novel by humorist Jean Shepherd (who also narrates the film), A CHRISTMAS STORY gained popularity long after its theatrical run, through frequent holiday broadcasts that turned its schoolyard "triple-dog" dares, family neuroses, and childhood indignities into a Yuletide tradition.
|Blu-ray, Classic, Comedy
|Country of Origin
|United States
love this movie now i don't have to wait until Christmas. I can watch anytimeRead More
this CD is timeless especially if you are in your 50'sRead More
I LOVED this movie and bought it as a gift for a friend who had never seen it. That person loves it too! Great movie and will someday be up there with the "old" classics.Read More
Academy Awards Guide from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about the Academy Awards.
Looking for the perfect Valentine's Day movie to watch this year? We've picked the best of classic, manly, RomCom, devastatingly sad, and guilty pleasure Valentine's Day flicks.
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A Christmas Story (Blu-ray Disc)
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The OnePlus One is easily one of the best Android smartphones available today, even if it's pretty hard to come by. Not only does it ship with a top-notch set of specifications, it's also incredibly cheap, starting at $299 for an unlocked phone. In an interview with TechRadar, OnePlus CEO, Peter Lau detailed just how the company was able to offer the CyanogenMod-toting smartphone for so cheap.
Lau divulged that the OnePlus One is actually selling at cost, and that his company focuses on keeping other costs down as much as possible. This would certainly explain why the device has no retail partners to speak of, given that it's only available online—and if you have an invite, of course. Offering such a high-end device at such a low price is very much a Google move for the Nexus line, but lets face it—OnePlus is no Google.
Lau also explained that OnePlus is looking to stick with online advertising in favor of a large marketing campaign and the word-of-mouth approach to promote the smartphone. With little marketing for the phone, OnePlus' community outreach remains crucial for getting the word out about the One. That's another reason why the OnePlus One requires an invitation for purchase, whether you like the tactic or not.
As a refresher, the OnePlus One ships with a 5.5-inch 1080p HD display with Gorilla Glass 3, 2.5GHz quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 processor, 3GB RAM, a 13-megapixel Sony Exmor IMX214 camera, a 5-megapixel front-facing camera, and 3,100 mAh battery. Users will also be treated to global LTE capabilities as well as a 64GB storage option for only $349. Take that, Nexus 5.


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NY's Printing House 4OVER4.COM Launches Printing Discounts Offer For Logistics Firms
The special discounts 4OVER4.COM is providing for logistics firms will provide them with the opportunity of lowering their promotional and in-house printing costs, allowing them to focus on their core work processes and business growth.
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Summary of Season 1 (2006) - 6 discs
Tough, streetwise Ikki Minami joins the world of Air Trek -- an extreme sport that's sweeping the nation -- in this futuristic anime action series. In-line skates with engines, the highly dangerous Air Treks give the skater intense power.
Show Details
- This show is
- Exciting


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On the verge of releasing their tenth studio album, Schmilco, Wilco share another new track, "Someone to Lose," which you can stream below. Schmilco hits stores on September 9th via dBpm, and on September 6th, participating local record stores will be hosting listening parties where you can win exclusive prizes including the white label vinyl,Read more…
Listen Live:
High Quality AAC+
Excellent for PC, Mac, iPhones/iPads, Android Devices, tablets, iTunes, Winamp, and VLC. High quality audio, low bandwidth
MP3 Stream
Best for computers running OSX or Windows with iTunes or the open source VideoLAN Player installed
KEXP AND THE UWKEXP is an
affiliate of the
University of Washington
iTunes and KEXPYou can now find KEXP under "Eclectic" in iTunes after the demise of the "Public" category, to better represent the diversity of our daytime variety shows and numerous specialty programs.
KEXP Suggests


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Reviews have been a part of the Android Market for as long as I can remember, but browsing them hasn't always been easy. A lack of review filters 3 Great Examples of Using Gmail Filters for Productivity 3 Great Examples of Using Gmail Filters for Productivity Read More meant that users can only read reviews in chronological order, which was more than a little inconvenient.
That's finally changed. Users browsing the web-based Android Market can now sort reviews by rating and helpfulness as well as post date. Homing in on reviews with a specific star rating is also possible – handy for apps with numerous 4 and 5-star reviews and many 1-star reviews.
Better still, it's possible to sort reviews by the device the reviewer was using. This will save you a lot of trouble if you're reading reviews to see if an app runs well on your Android.
It's not all good news, however. You won't find any of these new filters in the Android Market app. Browsing reviews on your device still leaves you with chronological order as your only option.
Hopefully a coming update with bring the same functionality to the app itself. Handy though the web store may be, it would be strange to limit this feature only to the store that isn't accessible on your Android.
Source: Android Police
Leave a Reply
generally it's best tod do your research online before downloading apps, anyway. the mobile market app is best for just updating, IMHO.
great feature
The Web Store just got a whole lot more useful!


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6-09 Fair Lawn Ave
(201) 797-6767
Paul F.
Huge fan. Just a few blocks from the busy center of Fair Lawn, this place is a hidden gem. They greet you with a smile and appreciate your business...it's...read more
Matt S.
Kicked off Memorial Day Weekend by going out to have dinner at Davia's. First time that we have eaten dinner at this restaurant. We got there around 7:00pm...read more
Jessica M.
Went here for early bird with my parents. The staff is very friendly. $14 cash only for an appetizer, salad, entree, and desser and coffee. It is not BYOB,...read more
Sean A.
Do not go here!!! Went early on a friday as a walk in with plenty of seating. Waited 20 min to get bread. Everything dirty. Place needs help. Had to walk out after waiting even longer to get drinksread more
Kelly A.
bill is tha bestread more
Rich L.
I've been comming here for years and never had a bad meal. The food is amazing the staff is awesome,and the owners Michelle, and Chef Paul are the bestread more
Fern D.
Early bird special! :)) order by 5:30.read more
Carol V.
Get here and order before 6:00PM. The food is great, price is right. DELICIOUS!read more
Jessica R.
Early bird is a good deal, but cash only!read more
Carly H.
Every meal is always amazing! Portions are out of control, very affordable and delicious! Great staff and owners! Get the veal chop pratile!!read more
mike e
DAVIAS, A PEOPLES PLACE: DAVIAS, A PLACE FOR FOLKS TO GATHER AND ENJOY EXCELLENT FOOD AND DRINK IN GOOD COMPANY !. THE FOOD IS OUTSTANDING AND THE SERVICE IS AS WELL !. PORTIONS ARE CONSIDERABLE AND WELL WORTH THE PRICE. DAVIAS TENDS TO PUT FOLKS FIRST AND DURING…read more
Jerome B
excellent Italian food: The food here is unbelievable especially the penne with vodka sauce. The service is so quick, and the staff is friendly as can be. The environment is very cozy. Also, the setting is so dynamic that you can go here on a date or even with…read more
William N
Davia is GREAT!: Excellent restaurant, Great Food, Great Staff. Perfect night out. The menu is very large, everyone should be able to find something they would like. i have never had anything there that I didn't like.read more
An unpleasant experience: I visited with my husband and son. My first impression wasn't great as we waited in the entry for some time...read more
davias will not honor your reservation: i just got through cancer and my husband decided to make reservations for us at davias - he spoke to bill...read more


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Kimberly Clark Professional
Item # KCC 34623 by Kimberly Clark Professional (Mfg. Part # KCC34623, UPC # 10036000346234)
|Receive Betty's Coupons, Special Offers & Promotions!
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- Location:
- Painesville, OH, USA
- Price:
- No price
- Manufacturer:
- Condition:
- used
- Stock number:
- 2097
- Category:
- Dryers in United States
one(1) used John B. Adt Co. Dryer.
(last used on tobacco)
60" diameter tube x 21.5' long.
Tube is heated by (4) 18' long stainless steel dimpled steam plates.
The dimpled plates are feed with 3/4" pipes through revolving manifold
Heating system is rated for 125 psi.
Each of the 4 plates has 84 sq ft for a total of 336 sq ft of total.
The dimpled heating plates also serve as flites for product agit.
Overall dimensions 28'8" x 6'4" x 12'3" high.
There is a decline of 11" from infeed to discharge.
Two sets of trunions and driven by a 5 hp motor.
The infeed side is supplied with a warm air flor from steam supplied
air heater and fan located below the dryer.
The discharge side has an exhaust hood on top with 10" dia. outlet.
Get email updates for John B. ADT Co. Rotary Dryer 2097


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Posted by Cyndi
Karen was incredibly helpful and compassionate. I came to her as a mom with two small children with no idea what was ahead of us and she reassured us that all would be well and she was correct. She knew what had to be done! When I couldn't see the forest for the trees she gave me sight and I appreciated that. While she is intelligent and strong , she is compassionate and kind. She made sure that I did not make concessions that were detrimental to our future. Now we are nine years out and doing great. Thank you Karen!!!


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Miyuki Yokoyama in Reverse Nampa
I like this video I don't like this video
76% (161 votes)
Duration: 107min 32sec Views: 57 845 Submitted: 2 years ago Submitted by:
Description: Reverse nampa (gyakunan) starring Miyuki Yokoyama where she becomes a horny girl and flirts and comes on to guys in a convenience store, a bar and in an office for sex. Think of reverse nampa as a woman approaching guys instead of the other way around.
Categories: Asian Public Japanese Lingerie JAV Censored
Tags: miyuki yokoyama Store Secretary Public Sex Oriental Asian Japanese exotic Ethnic Japanese In Public
Models: Miyuki Yokoyama
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Freedom Lost(1998)
(Book 41 in the Deathlands series)
A novel by James Axler (Terry Collins)
Deathlands is a raw wound on the body of America that's scavenged by desperate survivors. Life is a bitter struggle in this lawless postholocaust world, and here Ryan Cawdor and his warrior survivalists face the ultimate challenge - to preserve their lives yet hold on to their humanity. Following up rumors of trouble on his old home ground, Ryan Cawdor and his band seek shelter inside the walls of what was once the largest shopping mall in the Carolinas. The baron of the concrete fortress gives them no choice but to join his sec teams. as outside invaders step up their raids on the mall, Ryan has to battle both sides for a chance to save their lives. For all its evils, Deathlands is the future's last and only hope.
Genre: Science Fiction
Genre: Science Fiction
Similar Books by other authors...
Bitter Fruit
(Deathlands, book 35)
James Axler
(Deathlands, book 36)
James Axler
Demons of Eden
(Deathlands, book 37)
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(Deathlands, book 38)
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Used availability for James Axler's Freedom Lost
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
March 1998 : UK Mass Market Paperback
|Title: Freedom Lost (Deathlands)
Author(s): James Axler
ISBN: 0-373-62541-3 / 978-0-373-62541-3 (UK edition)
Publisher: Worldwide Library
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Audio Editions
April 2010 : USA Audio CD
|Title: Deathlands 41 Freedom Lost (A Movie in Your Mind)
Author(s): James Axler
ISBN: 1-59950-649-1 / 978-1-59950-649-4 (USA edition)
Publisher: GraphicAudio
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
July 2001 : Canada Audio Cassette
|Title: Freedom Lost
Author(s): James Axler
ISBN: 1-55204-530-7 / 978-1-55204-530-5 (Canada edition)
Publisher: Durkin Hayes Pub Ltd
Availability: Amazon Amazon CA
Genre Pages


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Robbery 19
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Limited LTD Gasoline
Location. Grove Street, Davis
Another two registers here will award you 880 dollars. If you try to escape on foot go for the residential areas and jump some fences. Hide in the backyard of a house to dodge the fuzz.
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