text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 2, 2011
|Filing date
|Dec 9, 2005
|Priority date
|Dec 9, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Arto Leppisaari, Adamu Haruna
|Original Assignee
|Nokia Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (34), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (7), Classifications (8), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates in general to computer networking, and more particularly to limiting access to network functions based on personal characteristics of the user.
Technologies such as instant messaging (IM) have become increasingly popular to users of both mobile and non-mobile computing devices. These messaging technologies allow text and other data (e.g., multimedia content) to be exchanged between network users on a real-time or near-real-time basis. The text-based nature of the communications allows users to exchange thoughts in real-time without the distractions inherent in voice communications. Thus, people can engage in an IM conversation while continuing to do other things, such as work on a computer or listen to a lecture.
Some of the most enthusiastic adopters of IM and related technologies are young people. More young people own IM-capable cell phones or other mobile devices, and IM becomes a convenient yet innocuous way to communicate with friends. In addition, many young people, especially, teenagers, use IM as a way to meet new people, such as in Internet chat rooms or IM chat groups.
The use of IM technologies by young people presents hazards to the participants. It is well known that predators sometimes try to engage in conversation with children on chat rooms. As a result, providers of IM related services must find ways to provide a safe environment for young people to engage in appropriate interactions using data networks. Improving the safety of IM services for children is not only good business practice, but may also be a requirement as laws are developed to help protect children and other vulnerable people who engage in communication over publicly accessible networks. The present disclosure is directed to improvements in safety of communication technologies such as IM.
To overcome limitations in the prior art described above, and to overcome other limitations that will become apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention discloses a system, apparatus and method for limiting session access and filtering user profile and group searches based on personal information of a user.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a method for establishing a data communications session involves determining a personal characteristic associated with a user of a terminal. A predetermined criterion for allowing establishment of the data communications session based on the personal characteristic is obtained. A token is embedded in a signaling message used to establish the data communications session. The token represents at least one of the personal characteristic and the predetermined criterion. The signaling message is communicated with a network entity capable of allowing users to establish the data communications session. The data communications session is established via the network entity if the personal characteristic satisfies the predetermined criterion.
In more particular embodiments, the personal characteristic includes the user's age. The personal characteristic of the user may be obtained from a network accessible user profile database. In one arrangement, embedding the token in the signaling message comprises embedding the token in at least one of an Accept-Contact and a Contact header of a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) INVITE message. Embedding the token in the signaling message may involve intercepting the session establishment request at an intermediary server and embedding the token in the signaling message via the intermediary server. Establishment of the data communications session may involve any combination of allowing membership into an instant messaging group, allowing membership into a push-to-talk communications group, and/or establishing the data communication session between two or more users.
In another embodiment of the invention, a method for searching for communication endpoints accessible via a network involves determining a criterion related to a personal characteristic of a user. A token is embedded in a signaling message used to initiate the search. The token represents at least one of the criterion and the personal characteristic. A search result is obtained in response to the signaling message. The search result is filtered by excluding endpoints referenced in the search results that do not satisfy the criterion, and the filtered search result is returned to an initiator of the signaling message.
In another embodiment of the invention, a data processing arrangement includes a network interface capable of communicating via a network. A processor is coupled to the network interface, and a memory is coupled to the processor. The memory includes instructions that cause the processor to receive a signaling message from a terminal via the network. The signaling message includes at least one of a personal characteristic of a user of the terminal and a predetermined criterion related to the personal characteristic. A network service is provided to the terminal via the data processing arrangement in response to the signaling message based on whether the personal characteristic satisfies the predetermined criterion.
In a more particular embodiment, the data processing further includes an instant messaging server module. The instructions are configure to establish an instant messaging session between the terminal and at least one other user via the instant messaging module in response to the signaling message if the personal characteristic satisfies the predetermined criterion.
In another more particular embodiment, the data processing further includes a push-to-talk server module. The instructions are configured to establish a push-to-talk session between the terminal and at least one other user via the push-to-talk server module in response to the signaling message if the personal characteristic satisfies the predetermined criterion.
In another more particular embodiment, the data processing further includes a search module configured to provide a search result containing descriptions of individual communication endpoints accessible via the network in response to the signaling message. The instructions are configured to filter individual descriptions of the search result based on whether the descriptions satisfy the predetermined criterion.
In other more particular embodiments the signaling message includes the predetermined criterion, and the instructions are configured to determine the personal characteristic via a user profile database accessible via the network. Alternatively, the signaling message may include the personal characteristic, and the instructions are configured to obtain the predetermined criterion via a database.
These and various other advantages and features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and form a part hereof. However, for a better understanding of the invention, its advantages, and the objects obtained by its use, reference should be made to the drawings which form a further part hereof, and to accompanying descriptive matter, in which there are illustrated and described representative examples of systems, apparatuses, and methods in accordance with the invention.
The invention is described in connection with the embodiments illustrated in the following diagrams.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
In the following description of various exemplary embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration various embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, as structural and operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Generally, the present invention falls within the area of instant digital communications, such as Instant Messaging (IM) and Push-to-Talk (PTT) over Cellular (PoC). IM services are already deployed using several proprietary technologies and open standards such as Wireless Village. Another IM standard is developing that is built on top the increasingly ubiquitous Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). SIP is a signaling protocol that assists digital devices in establishing end-to-end communications sessions. SIP provides features that resemble those provided by the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) as well as Internet protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
SIP was initially developed for use with voice and video communications technologies, such as Voice over IP (VoIP). SIP has also been adapted to support services collectively known as Instant Messaging and Presence. In particular, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has a working group for defining SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE). SIMPLE is a developing Instant Messaging and Presence standard for using SIP and related technologies for various functions such as transport of messages, delivery confirmation, and communicating presence status of end users. The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) has chosen SIP/SIMPLE protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Services. OMA services are utilizing IMS architecture developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The objective of OMA SIMPLE IM is to define a complete IM system specification for SIP/IP networks. The features of such an IM system may include: one-to-one and one-to-many one-shot messaging, lists that can be shared with other applications (e.g. PoC or presence), one-to-one session-based messaging, "chatrooms" or messaging conferences, and interoperability with other media (e.g. PoC). One goal of the SIMPLE specification is to keep the system components interoperable with other IETF protocol specifications.
Teenagers are one important user segment for IM services. Due to international laws for child protection, operators are very interested to develop mechanisms for child protection in IM services. Generally, this protection involves allowing or denying access to communication groups based on the user's age. Therefore, OMA SIP/SIMPLE based IM and PoC standards should provide mechanisms for operators to be able to restrict access to services based on user age.
Although the present disclosure describes restricting group admission based on age, it will be appreciated that other personal characteristics may also be used to restrict or allow access. For example, personal characteristics such as gender, location (e.g., city or country), membership in certain social groups, language, interests, etc., may be used to control actions related to joining in communications sessions. These characteristics may be used alone or in any combination. The present invention may also be directed to other communication functions besides admissions. For example, personal characteristics could be the basis for limiting the transmission of certain types of data during the session (e.g., prevent transfer of images or executable files based on age), controlling the formatting of session data (e.g., control character sets used based on native language), determining maximum allowable connect/session times, etc.
The embodiments of the invention may be described herein in the context of SIMPLE-based IM and presence services. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that these concepts may be applied to other IM standards, as well as to other communications frameworks similar to IM. For example, age and other personal characteristics can be used to control access to PTT/PoC groups, voice communications, video teleconferencing, etc.
In reference now to
The networks may also provide for point-to-point communications, such as a one-to-one session between user terminal 104 and another terminal 112. Whether the user 100 intends to communicate with a single terminal 112 or a group 108, 110, an important aspect is whether to allow the connection to occur. Previously, this determination hinged solely on technical issues (e.g., compatible media and protocols), but may be expanded to limit communications based on personal characteristics, particularly age.
Another important aspect in initiating communications with single terminals 112 or groups 108, 110 relates to the discovery of users and groups. Network users may exchange contact information with acquaintances using traditional means (e.g., via telephone or email). This type of discovery does not necessarily require the use of the communications networks 104, 106 at all. However, it may be advantageous to provide search capabilities via the communications networks 104, 106 so that users may search for other individuals or groups of interest based on keywords or other descriptors.
The OMA SIP/SIMPLE IM uses a general solution for network data access that may be extended for use in search. Data access in SIP/SIMPLE IM is based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Document Management (XDM) enabler. The XDM defines a mechanism that makes network-accessible user information available to service enablers such as IM and PoC. This user information is defined in XML documents, and XDM defines protocols and procedures used to locate, access and modify such information via the network. The XDM enablers rely on the XML Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) as the common protocol for manipulating these XML documents. In addition, XDM utilizes SIP subscription/notification mechanisms for notifying principals of changes to such documents
Search mechanisms should be able to take into account personal characteristics of the user 100 in order to limit who can discover the user's identity, as well as whom the user 100 can discover (e.g., based on age). In particular, child protection features should be extended to cover the initiation of IM communication sessions and for user/group search. XDM enablers (or related search frameworks) can achieve this goal by allowing service providers to confine the results of searches based on personal characteristics. For example, the service provider's policy could prohibit searches on children under the age of eighteen. Similarly, if an IM server has age restriction for searching, then the restricting server should exclude those users from the search results who are under the restricted age as determined by their Public Profile 114.
Similarly, it is desirable for a user's personal characteristics to be determined as part of and access policy when joining in chat group or other session. For example, a moderator element such as an IM server 116 should allow group administrators to specify a minimum age requirement for joining chat groups, such as the restriction 118 indicated for group 108. Similarly, the server 116 should prevent those users that are under an age specified in the group properties to join the group, such as the restriction 120 indicated for group 110.
The IM server 116 controls whether new members are able to join chat groups 108, 110. Information on group characteristics (e.g., age limitations for group membership) is in an IM XDM Server (XDMS) 122. An XDMS is a logical repository in the network used for storing XML documents associated with a particular functional entity. Thus, the IM XDMS 122 stores data related to various IM users and groups, and a Profile XDMS 124 stores user profile information (e.g., data that includes user's age). It will be appreciated that the IM server 116 may also define groups for purposes of one-to-one and one-to-many ad hoc sessions. These ad hoc groups may exist only so long as the sessions are active. The concepts described herein related to limiting establishment of such sessions based on age (or other characteristics) also applicable to ad hoc sessions.
In order to determine whether the user 100 may join a group 108, 110 based on age or other personal characteristic, the IM server 116 needs to access both the IM XDMS 122 in order to determine the group policies, as well as a Profile XDMS 124 in order to view the user's public profile 114. Generally, the XCAP allows clients to read, write and modify application configuration data, stored in XML format on a server. XCAP maps XML document sub-trees and element attributes to HTTP URIs, so that these components can be directly accessed by HTTP. Therefore, the IM server 116 can access the IM XDMS 122 and Profile XDMS using XCAP.
Other network entities may also have a need to access various XDMS. In particular, a Search server 126 can use XCAP to access the Profile XDMS 124 and IM XDMS 122 in order to match users with desired groups, and vice versa. The Search server 126 will also need to be aware of age limitations associated with users and groups in order to apply to proper filtering of results.
If operations relating to searching and joining of sessions are all performed in same network (e.g., network 104), the IM server 116 and Search server 126 can access a local Profile XDMS (not shown) and fetch user profiles with age information when required. However, in the illustrated arrangement, the Profile XDMS 124 is located on a different network 106 than the network 104 of the IM server 116 controlling the group sessions. This is a common case when the user 100 is roaming, because the Profile XDMS 124 is located at the home network 106, yet the user's device 102 and/or the groups 108, 110 may be on a different network 104.
The IM server 116 in network 104 may be able to access the Profile XDMS 124 in another network 106 in order to fetch the joining user's user profile 114. In one example, these inter-network data transfers can be accomplished via an XCAP network-to-network interface (XCAP NNI) 128. One problem with this approach is that the NNI 128 is optional, and may not be implemented in all networks. Another problem is that user profile fetching in this way generates an unnecessarily heavy load for that particular interface 128.
A similar problem arises as to the Search server 126. The Search server 126 may need to perform searches on group characteristics (e.g., age limitation for group joining) and user profiles (e.g., containing user's age). However, if the IM XDMS 122 and Profile XDMS 124 are in different networks 104, 106, then the data transfer may either be impossible or place too heavy a burden on the NNI 128.
In one embodiment of the present invention, mechanisms are used to embed the personal information into search request sent between networks. One use of this age information (from the user profile) to limit access to chat groups or limiting of search results, but the presented mechanism can be utilized for other user profile information (e.g., country, city) as well. The personal information can also be embedded in session establishment requests, so that a controlling authority such as the IM server 116 can decide whether to allow access based on the request itself, rather than requiring a separate inter-network profile lookup.
In reference now to
An aggregation proxy 204 acts as single contact point for an XDM client 205 to access documents stored in any of the XDMS. A shared XDMS 206 is a repository that manages XML documents (e.g., URI lists) that are needed for a particular service enabler and that may be shared with other service enablers (e.g., IM, Presence, PoC). Two repositories for specific service enablers are also illustrated the Presence XDMS 208 and the IM XDMS 210.
A presence server 212 maintains the presence status of IM clients 214. Presence relates to the availability and willingness of a presence source 216 (also referred to as a presentity) to communicate. A presence watcher 218 tracks different states of the presence source 216, and thereby can determine when the presence source 216 is willing and able to communicate.
Other functional entities of the network 200 include an IM server 219 and a search server 220. The operations of these entities 218, 220 are described in greater detail elsewhere herein. A remote IM client 222 and IM server 224 are shown in the second network 201. It will be appreciated that the networks 200, 201 may include components that are not illustrated in this example, including service enablers and data repositories related to PoC.
In reference now to
The systems such as shown in
Example feature tag names for describing age and age criterion are shown below in Listing 1. These example tags are useful because of their simplicity, however the names could be different. Similarly, a single feature tag name could be used to described both the characteristic (e.g., age) and the criterion that characteristic must meet in order to be allowed to join a group or see results of a search (e.g., age limit).
+age.group_limit = numeric_value
#Indicates the age limit for a group.
+age.user = numeric value
#Indicates the age of the user.
� 2005, Nokia Corporation
If +age.group_limit in Listing 1 has no value, it defaults to "TRUE", meaning the group has no special age limit. This could be needed in inter-operator domain or intercontinental service cases to solve legal issues. The values of +age.group_limit and +age.user can be stored in a capability database as contact predicates or set of features tags. RFC 3840 describes how feature set predicates are constructed and provided by a UA as Contact header field parameter to the SIP registrar to store as part of the UA capabilities during SIP registration.
User characteristics such as age can be located and accessed from network databases such as Profile XDMS, as well as any local user capabilities database. Another way of determining these capabilities is described in IETF RFC 3841. RFC 3841 provides a means for callers to express their preferences on the characteristics of the User Agent (UA) that the caller is attempting to reach. The capabilities of the target UA may be stored in a registrar. The preferences of the caller agent are then matched with the feature set provided by the targeted UA via the registrar. This assumes that a UA Server (UAS) or a proxy has access to a location service that has capabilities associated with the target UA.
One way to populate the target UA's capabilities in the registrar is to carry it in the contact header field as a feature parameter during the target UA's SIP registration. However if the UAS/proxy knows the capabilities of the user through some other means, then it may apply the same processing for the matching process. The present invention is applicable under any scenario of accessing capabilities, including where target UA capabilities is stored in the SIP Registrar, in a Profile XDMS, or any local database that can be accessed by UAS/Proxy. Generally, the Accept-Contact header field preference expression is matched with the sending user's request. In cases where the UAS/proxy gets the capabilities via the registrar, then there should be a mechanism to ensure that the feature tag (+age.user=numeric_value) that is carried in the contact header field during registration is verified and genuine.
In reference now to
The sequence in
As described above, the IM server 408 of the originating network 402 can embed 424 a tag containing the user's personal message in a session initiation request message (e.g., SIP INVITE). This data can be placed in the Accept-contact header field. For example, assume Alice is eighteen years old and is sending an INVITE request to a chat room from her IM client 406. An example header of this request is shown in Listing 2.
INVITE sip:email@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.atlanta.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
Max-Forwards: 70
To: Chat_lounge <sip:email@example.com>
From: Alice <sip:firstname.lastname@example.com>;tag=1928301774
Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Contact: <sip:firstname.lastname@example.com>
Accept-contact: *; language=″en,de″ ;description=″<PC>″;+oma-
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 142
� 2005, Nokia Corporation
The IM server 408 terminates the request and creates a similar INVITE to chat_lounge with a modified Accept-contact header. The IM server 408 may retrieve Alice's age (UA capabilities) from any combination of the Profile XDMS 410, a SIP registar, and/or any local profile server. Based on Alice's age obtained from her User Profile, the IM server 408 populates the Accept-Contact header as shown below in Listing 3. The "+age.group-limit" entry in the Accept-contact header indicates that terminating end (IM server 412) should accept the invitation only if the indicated age satisfies the age.group-limit for the chat_lounge group. For example, Alice would be allowed to join a chat room that has an age limit of eighteen years or below, but not one that has an age limit of fourteen years or below, or a limit of nineteen years and above.
INVITE sip: firstname.lastname@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP im_server.atlanta.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
Max-Forwards: 70
To: Chat_lounge <sip:email@example.com>
From: Alice <sip:firstname.lastname@example.com>;tag=1928301774
Call-ID: s09a233cbsdfglk
CSeq: 594131 INVITE
Contact: <sip:im_server@.atlanta.com>
Accept-contact: *; language=″en,de″;description=″<PC>″;+oma-
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 142
� 2005, Nokia Corporation
If the age communicated to chat_lounge chat room is above eighteen years, the IM server 412 network 404 hosting the chat room will reject 432, 434 this INVITE with a decline error code and example reason, such as "603 decline (user below the accepted age limit for this communication i.e. +age.group_limit>18)."
In this scenario, when the IM server 412 hosting the chat room receives the join-in request 442 from user, it should respond 450 with "421 extension required" or with "183 session progressing." The response 450 should include an extension header that indicates the age limitation for chat room, e.g., "Contact: +age.group_limit>=18." Returning to the example where Alice desires to join chat_lounge, this would indicate that there is age limitation for joining the group. In that example, the IM server 408 in Alice's network retrieves 452, 454 Alice's age via the Profile XDMS 410 or some other profile server. If the IM server 408 determines the age limit is met, session establishment can continue. Otherwise, the originating IM server 408 terminates session establishment. In this latter case, the IM server 408 may include an Accept-Contact header into a code "421" or "183" response, indicating the required age for the user, e.g., "Accept-Contact: +age.user>=18;require."
Another variation of sending personal information in signaling requests to join a group according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in
INVITE sip:email@example.com SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP pc33.atlanta.com;branch=z9hG4bKnashds8
Max-Forwards: 70
To: Chat_lounge <sip:email@example.com>
From: Alice <sip:email@example.com>;tag=1928301774
Call-ID: a84b4c76e66710
CSeq: 314159 INVITE
Contact: <sip:firstname.lastname@example.com>
Accept-contact: *; language=″en,de″;description=″<PC>″;+oma−
sip.im; +age.group_limit<=″#18″
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 142
� 2005, Nokia Corporation
The implementation shown in
It is also possible that the request to join a chat room is sent from server to terminal, such as when a user receives an invitation to join a chat room. Limiting the ability to join in that case based on age or other characteristics is also desirable. This scenario is illustrated in
Although the examples described in relation to
In the first example of
In another example of
It will be appreciated that the order and substance of transactions presented in
The examples described in relation to
Many types of apparatuses may be able communicate in point-to-point or group sessions as described herein. Mobile devices are particularly useful in this role. In reference now to
The processing unit 602 controls the basic functions of the arrangement 600. Those functions associated may be included as instructions stored in a program storage/memory 604. In one embodiment of the invention, the program modules associated with the storage/memory 604 are stored in non-volatile electrically-erasable, programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash read-only memory (ROM), hard-drive, etc. so that the information is not lost upon power down of the mobile terminal. The relevant software for carrying out conventional mobile terminal operations and operations in accordance with the present invention may also be transmitted to the mobile computing arrangement 600 via data signals, such as being downloaded electronically via one or more networks, such as the Internet and an intermediate wireless network(s).
The mobile computing arrangement 600 includes hardware and software components coupled to the processing/control unit 602 for performing network data exchanges. The mobile computing arrangement 600 may include multiple network interfaces for maintaining any combination of wired or wireless data connections. In particular, the illustrated mobile computing arrangement 600 includes wireless data transmission circuitry for performing network data exchanges.
This wireless circuitry includes a digital signal processor (DSP) 606 employed to perform a variety of functions, including analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion, speech coding/decoding, encryption/decryption, error detection and correction, bit stream translation, filtering, etc. A transceiver 608, generally coupled to an antenna 610, transmits the outgoing radio signals 612 and receives the incoming radio signals 614 associated with the wireless device. The mobile computing arrangement 600 may also include an alternate network/data interface 615 such as USB, Bluetooth, Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi, IRDA, etc.
The processor 602 is also coupled to user-interface elements 618 associated with the mobile terminal. The user-interface 618 of the mobile terminal may include, for example, a display 620 such as a liquid crystal display. Other user-interface mechanisms may be included in the interface 618, such as keypads 622, speakers, microphones, voice commands, switches, touch pad/screen, graphical user interface using a pointing device, trackball, joystick, etc. These and other user-interface components are coupled to the processor 602 as is known in the art.
The program storage/memory 604 typically includes operating systems for carrying out functions and applications associated with functions on the mobile computing arrangement 600. The program storage 604 may include one or more of read-only memory (ROM), flash ROM, programmable and/or erasable ROM, random access memory (RAM), subscriber interface module (SIM), wireless interface module (WIM), smart card, hard drive, or other removable memory device. The storage/memory 604 of the mobile computing arrangement 600 may also include software modules for performing functions according to embodiments of the present invention.
In particular, the program storage/memory 604 may include one or more network protocol stacks 624. The protocol stack 624 contains processing layers associated with conventional Internet communications, including HTML and SIP protocol layers. It will be appreciated that the layers of the protocol stack 624 need not be separate entities, and may share common functions/libraries. Generally, the protocol stack 624 interfaces with network hardware and data bearers through low-level routines/drivers 628. These drivers 628 provide a software interface for controlling data communications hardware such as the DSP 606, transceiver 606, and alternate data interface 615.
The mobile computing arrangement 600 may also include a specialized signaling layer 630 capable of controlling the ability of network applications 632 to engage in communication with target entities 634 via a network 636. For example, the signaling module 632 may be able to determine user profile data either via a local profile database 638 or via a server on the network 636. This profile data may be used to form signaling messages containing characteristics (e.g., age) that may control whether the end user is admitted to a communications session. An authentication module 640 may ensure that the profile data is correct, and used to form special tokens to ensure the messages have not been tampered with on the arrangement 600 or elsewhere.
The mobile computing arrangement 600 of
In order for an age limitation scheme to work, various network entities will be required to monitor signaling messages, access age criterion from the messages and profile databases, and enforce the restrictions by denying sessions or limiting search results. These functions may be provided by computing arrangements distributed across multiple communications networks. However, an example apparatus that may carry out various combinations of these functions is shown in
The computing arrangement 701 may include one or more data storage devices, including hard and floppy disk drives 712, CD-ROM drives 714, and other hardware capable of reading and/or storing information such as DVD, etc. In one embodiment, software for carrying out the operations in accordance with the present invention may be stored and distributed on a CD-ROM 716, diskette 718 or other form of media capable of portably storing information. These storage media may be inserted into, and read by, devices such as the CD-ROM drive 714, the disk drive 712, etc. The software may also be transmitted to computing arrangement 701 via data signals, such as being downloaded electronically via a network, such as the Internet. The computing arrangement 701 may be coupled to a user input/output interface 722 for user interaction. The user input/output interface 722 may include apparatus such as a mouse, keyboard, microphone, touch pad, touch screen, voice-recognition system, monitor, LED display, LCD display, etc.
The computing arrangement 701 may be coupled to other computing devices via networks. In particular, the computing arrangement includes a network interface 724 for interacting with a local "home" network 726 and remote "foreign" networks 728. The network interface 724 may include a combination of hardware and software components, including media access circuitry, drivers, programs, and protocol modules. Ultimately, the computing arrangement 701 may affect session interactions between clients 730, 732 for purposes of limiting search and join capabilities based on personal characteristics such as age. The session interactions between clients 730, 732 may take place on a single network (e.g., network 726) or across two or more networks 726, 728.
The computing arrangement 701 includes processor executable instructions 734 for carrying out tasks of the computing arrangement 701. These instructions may include a communications services module 736 capable of providing core network services such as IM or PoC. The arrangement 701 may also include a module 738 for providing or accessing profile data. For example, the arrangement 701 may be configured as an aggregation proxy, and may access a Profile XDMS 740 in the local network 726 and/or a Profile XDMS 742 in a foreign network 728. Similarly, if the arrangement 701 includes a services module 736 for providing IM services, the arrangement 701 may access one or more IM XDMS 744, 746 on the respective networks (although for most purposes, and IM server would only need to access the local XDMS 744).
The computing arrangement may also host or utilize network search services via a search services module 750. The search service module 750 may be able to communicate with clients 730, 732 and network data repositories such as the Profile and IM XDMS 740, 742, 744, 746 in order to locate, format, and filter searches for data related to chat groups and/or end users. Generally, the intercommunications between the search module 750 (as well as the communication and profile modules 732, 738) and other network entities will require communication using standard protocols, as represented by the protocol layer 752. The protocol layer 752 may include stacks for processing SIP 754, HTTP 756, XCAP 758, and XCAP NNI 760. Generally, the XCAP NNI protocol stack 760 is configured for inter-network communications, as indicated by path 762. The other stacks 754, 756, 758 may be configured for communications via the home network, although are not strictly limited as such. The stacks of the protocol layer 752 may be configured as either or both client and server stacks where appropriate.
The computing structure 700 is only a representative example of network infrastructure hardware that can be used to provide services as described herein. Generally, the functions of the computing structure 700 can be distributed over a large number of processing and network elements, and can be integrated with other services, such as service enablers, gateways, mobile communications messaging, etc.
In reference now to
In reference now to
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not with this detailed description, but rather determined by the claims appended hereto.
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|Date of birth authentication system and method using demographic and/or geographic data supplied by a subscriber that is verified by a third party
|Feb 20, 2003
|May 9, 2006
|Sprint Spectrum L.P.
|Method and system for multi-network authorization and authentication
|Jan 15, 2004
|Jan 13, 2009
|Nokia Corporation
|Policy information in multiple PDFs
|Feb 27, 2004
|Feb 23, 2010
|Research In Motion Limited
|Methods and apparatus for facilitating concurrent push-to-talk over cellular (PoC) group communication sessions
|Nov 19, 2004
|Mar 23, 2010
|Research In Motion Limited
|Systems and methods for facilitating instant communications over distributed cellular networks
|Dec 19, 2002
|Mar 23, 2010
|Chantry Networks Inc.
|Wireless local area communication network system and method
|Apr 18, 2008
|May 25, 2010
|Fiberlink Communications Corporation
|System, method, apparatus, and computer program product for facilitating digital communications
|Feb 7, 2002
|Aug 7, 2003
|Mcconnell Von K.
|Method and system for facilitating services in a communication network through data-publication by a signaling server
|Dec 3, 2002
|Aug 7, 2003
|Peter Yared
|Distributed network identity
|Mar 21, 2003
|Sep 23, 2004
|Lonnfors Mikko Aleksi
|Method and apparatus for dispatching incoming data in a multi-application terminal
|Apr 8, 2003
|Dec 9, 2004
|3Com Corporation
|Method and system for providing directory based services
|Dec 20, 2002
|Apr 21, 2005
|Jaakko Rajaniemi
|Service access
|Oct 14, 2003
|May 5, 2005
|Fish Edmund J.
|Search enhancement system having personal search parameters
|Feb 27, 2004
|Sep 1, 2005
|Wen Zhao
|Methods and apparatus for facilitating concurrent push-to-talk over cellular (PoC) group communication sessions
|Apr 16, 2004
|Oct 20, 2005
|Allen Andrew M
|Method and apparatus for dynamic group address creation
|Jan 5, 2005
|Dec 15, 2005
|Nokia Corporation
|Communication system
|Nov 5, 2004
|Feb 9, 2006
|Nokia Corporation
|Communication system
|Jan 14, 2005
|Jul 20, 2006
|I Anson Colin
|Provision of services over a common delivery platform such as a mobile telephony network
|Jan 24, 2006
|Oct 19, 2006
|Nokia Corporation
|Providing a second service to a group of users using a first service
|Oct 21, 2005
|Dec 28, 2006
|Nokia Corporation
|Management of group communication
|Jun 14, 2006
|Jan 4, 2007
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and system for providing PTT to conference
|Feb 7, 2005
|Aug 24, 2005
|Vodafone Holding GmbH
|Age verification by a mobile communication network
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Dec 7, 2004
|Oct 20, 2005
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for activating a service and/or for requesting contents from an application server of a content/service provider via a telecommunication network
|Feb. 4, 2005, Open Mobile Alliance, XML Document Management, (XDM) Specification, Version 1.0, Feb. 4, 2005.
|Jun. 29, 2005, Samsung, "Push to talk over Cellular", Jun. 29, 2005.
|Oct. 6, 2005, Open Mobile Alliance, "Enabler Release Definition for XML Document Management", Version 1.0, Oct. 6, 2005.
|Taiwanese Office action for corresponding TW application No. 095143799 dated Feb. 25, 2011, pp. 1-6.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 9, 2010
|Apr 1, 2014
|Eustace Prince Isidore
|Method, system, and devices for facilitating real-time social and business interactions/networking
|Mar 25, 2011
|Jan 13, 2015
|Apple Inc.
|Interactive communications system
|Mar 31, 2014
|Jan 26, 2016
|Eustace Prince Isidore
|Method, system, and devices for facilitating real-time social and business interactions/networking
|Aug 16, 2006
|Sep 20, 2007
|Wing Cho
|Systems, methods and techniques for safely and effectively coordinating video game play and other activities among multiple remote networked friends and rivals
|Jun 14, 2007
|Dec 18, 2008
|Verizon Data Services Inc.
|Xsl dialog modules
|Mar 25, 2011
|Jul 14, 2011
|Cvon Innovations Ltd.
|Interactive communications system
|Aug 9, 2010
|Feb 9, 2012
|Isidore Eustace P
|Method, system, and devices for facilitating real-time social and business interractions/networking
|U.S. Classification
|709/227, 709/228
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 27, 2005
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text:
The Truth Hurts (9 of 16) by Jim Perdue
This content is part of a series.The Truth Hurts (9 of 16)
Series: Justified
Jim Perdue
Galatians 4:8-20
Tonight, we come to Galatians 4:8-20 in a series through Galatians I've entitled Justified. Up to this point, Paul has taken the tone of an Old Testament scholar or theologian. But now, he comes to them as a loving parent, having a heart-to-heart talk with their child. The reality is, sometimes The Truth Hurts. READ TEXT
*Imagine picking your car up from the shop after a routine tune-up and the technician says, ''This car is in great shape. Clearly you have an automotive genius to take great care of your car.'' Later that day, your brakes don't work. You find out you were out of brake fluid. You could have died. You go back to the shop, and you say, ''Why didn't you tell me?'' The technician replies, ''Well, I didn't want you to feel bad. Plus, to be honest, I was afraid you might get upset with me. I want this to be a safe place where you feel loved and accepted.'' You'd be furious! You'd say, ''I didn't come here for a little fantasy-based ego boost! When it comes to my car, I want the truth.'' Or imagine going to the doctor's office for a check-up. The doctor says to you, ''You are a magnificent physical specimen. You have the body of an Olympian. You are to be congratulated.'' Later that day while climbing the stairs, your heart gives out. You find out later your arteries were so clogged that you were like one jelly doughnut away from the grim reaper. You go back to the doctor and say, ''Why didn't you tell me?'' The doctor says, ''Well, I knew your body is in worse shape than the Pillsbury doughboy, but if I tell people stuff like that, they get kind of offended. It's kind of bad for business. They don't come back. I want this to be a safe place where you feel loved and accepted.'' You'd be furious! You'd say to the doctor, ''When it comes to my body, I want the truth!''*
One more scenario: Imagine going to a church where you hear, ''Don't worry if you mism ...
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text:
Inverse Images of Box Formulas in Modal Logic
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We investigate, for several modal logics but concentrating on KT, KD45, S4 and S5, the set of formulas B for which \({\square B}\) is provably equivalent to \({\square A}\) for a selected formula A (such as p, a sentence letter). In the exceptional case in which a modal logic is closed under the ('cancellation') rule taking us from \({\square C \leftrightarrow \square D}\) to \({C \leftrightarrow D}\), there is only one formula B, to within equivalence, in this inverse image, as we shall call it, of \({\square A}\) (relative to the logic concerned); for logics for which the intended reading of "\({\square}\) " is epistemic or doxastic, failure to be closed under this rule indicates that from the proposition expressed by a knowledge- or belief-attribution, the propositional object of the attitude in question cannot be recovered: arguably, a somewhat disconcerting situation. More generally, the inverse image of \({\square A}\) may comprise a range of non-equivalent formulas, all those provably implied by one fixed formula and provably implying another—though we shall see that for several choices of logic and of the formula A, there is not even such an 'interval characterization' of the inverse image (of \({\square A}\)) to be found.
KeywordsModal logics Inverses of modal operators
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text:
Chernovetsky Speaks
On learning Ukrainian:
Everyday, I will speak my native language [Ukrainian] better, and you will be witness to it. (April 14, 2006)
You won't get me to speak Ukrainian. The law says I'm a free man. I don't speak Ukrainian merely because I lose courage [when speaking Ukrainian]. When I learn to speak it very well, I will start speaking Ukrainian only. (June 8, 2006)
On money:
I spend very little money. I just don't have anything to spend it on because I'm not that young a person.
On criticism:
I need criticism — it's normal — but it should be constructive, and should not deceive. Lately, a court ruled out some 28 publications regarding my son.
On birthday celebrations:
How did I celebrate? I was going about town all day long: church service, remembrance ceremony. I became another victim of the Holodomor.
On traveling by metro:
About a month ago, I took a ride in the metro, and I will do it more often. I told my subordinates to go down to the metro and then report on the situation: what they liked and what they did not. Take Denys Bass [Deputy Mayor, 29], a boy from a well-to-do family. He has never been in the metro before, and now he's seen it with his own eyes.
On the underprivileged:
In the old days, those who begged had their rear ends licked with sticks. But this is not humane. I suggest that we outlaw flea market trading in the metro.
On Tymoshenko:
If anyone is to be trusted, it's me, not her. For people her age do not change.
On Kyiv's wellbeing:
Everything is quiet in Kyiv. Everything is under control. And everyday, there's more control from people who join my team. Kyiv's international rating has risen and has hit a record high.
Did he refer to this rating?
Saturday, January 05, 2008
Posted by Taras at 4:39 PM
Labels: Chernovetsky, Holodomor, Kyiv, Ukraine
4 comments:
This guy is a real looney tune.
To get over it, I listened to some Pink Martini.
It's a really great group, they've appeared all over the world.
I love their music.
This particular video is not theirs, but it seemed to suit the Martian particularly well.
- Taras said...
Hahaha!:) Thanks for the vid! Just think about it: "Pink Martini feat. Kosmos." Sounds like a plan! They should do a couple of songs together.
- Leopolis said...
you forgot the quote about world religions...
- Taras said...
Good point! I'll probably devote a separate post to it:)
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text:
The Spiderwick ChroniclesDirector: Mark S. Waters
Mark S. Waters's adaptation of the popular fantasy novels The Spiderwick Chronicles tells the tale of the Graces, a family who must adapt to their new strange surroundings. As the story begins, twin brothers Jared and Simon, along with their sister Mallory and their mother, move away from the big city to a mansion owned by their/i>/a>
- Overview
- Editorial Reviews
- Product Details
- Special Features
- Related Subjects
- Cast & Crew
- Scene Index
- Menu
- Videos
Mark S. Waters's adaptation of the popular fantasy novels The Spiderwick Chronicles tells the tale of the Graces, a family who must adapt to their new strange surroundings. As the story begins, twin brothers Jared and Simon, along with their sister Mallory and their mother, move away from the big city to a mansion owned by their uncle. When a series of strange happenings suggest that Jared may be causing a number of disturbances, the siblings band together to figure out what is going on. Soon they discover the magical history of the property.
Editorial Reviews
All Movie GuideFreddie Highmore adds to his extensive prepubescent resumé with The Spiderwick Chronicles, an engaging and occasionally touching fantasy that's refreshing for what it isn't: a 21st century Jumanji. Playing twins, the young actor shows veteran maturity by giving them distinct personalities, instead of forcing audiences to differentiate them by the color of their shirts. That Highmore's work takes top billing in this analysis, rather than the film's fantasy world and digital creature effects, is not a slight to that world or those effects -- rather, it explains why The Spiderwick Chronicles is a bit more memorable than other fantasies intended for a tween audience. There's a solid emotional core here, to complement the sprites and goblins that literally come out of the woodwork when Jared Grace disregards the warnings and opens the titular tome. Feeling abandoned by an absent father, Jared carries on a bristling relationship with his mother (Mary-Louise Parker), and some genuine anguish passes between their characters. Perhaps this injection of realism can be attributed to indie filmmaker John Sayles, whose surprise screenwriting credit may have something to do with the actor cast to play Arthur Spiderwick: David Strathairn, Sayles' longtime collaborator. Fans of the popular books that inspired the film (authored by Holly Black and Tony DiTerlizzi) should be pretty happy with the way director Mark S. Waters has visualized the design details of this world. The entries in Spiderwick's Field Guide place the viewer in a willing mythozoological mindset, and the characters that spring forth -- while not drastically different from those seen in other films indebted to J.R.R. Tolkien -- are lively enough to help shape and build the story's mythology. The film's February release may have prevented it from growing into a bigger hit, but The Spiderwick Chronicles is satisfying escapism with a lingering presence.
Product Details
- Release Date:
- 01/01/2013
- 0883929304844
- Original Release:
- 2008
- Source:
- Paramount Catalog
- Region Code:
- 1
- Presentation:
- [Wide Screen, Color]
- Sound:
- [Dolby Digital Stereo, Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround]
- Time:
- 1:41:00
Special Features
Cast & Crew
|Freddie Highmore
|Mary-Louise Parker
|Nick Nolte
|Sarah Bolger
|Andrew McCarthy
|Joan Plowright
|Aunt Lucinda
|David Strathairn
|Arthur Spiderwick
|Seth Rogen
|Martin Short
|Izabella Miko
Technical Credits
|Mark S. Waters
|Frédéric Amblard
|Set Decoration/Design
|Steve Barnett
|David Berenbaum
|James D. Bissell
|Production Designer
|Holly Black
|Executive Producer
|Cheryl A. Tkach
|Associate Producer
|Alex Touikan
|Set Decoration/Design
|Lucie Tremblay
|Set Decoration/Design
|Kevin Yagher
|Makeup Special Effects
Scene Index
1. Chapter 1 [:05]
2. Chapter 2 [2:25]
3. Chapter 3 [:05]
4. Chapter 4 [2:24]
5. Chapter 5 [:05]
6. Chapter 6 [1:45]
7. Chapter 7 [:05]
8. Chapter 8 [1:06]
9. Chapter 9 [:05]
10. Chapter 10 [2:05]
11. Chapter 11 [:00]
Scene Selection
Customer Reviews
Average Review:
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
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The Spiderwick Chronicles based on 0 ratings. 18 reviews.
This is a movie about 3 kids who are moved to New England and find a mysterious book filled with mystical creatures.I think this a great adaptation of the 5 books. Filled with action and adventure, it is a movie/book that all should experience.This has an all-star cast of Freddie Highmore (Jared, Simon Grace), Sarah Bolger (Mallory grace) and Nick Nolte (Mulgarath).
My four-year-old grandson was literally glued to the metal railing facing the front-row seats. The movie totally captured his attention. Two little girls besides us could not take the tension and asked their daddy to take them home. So beware it is not for all kids. We saw the movie three times and when I told my grandson I would buy the DVD for him, he said "Awesome, but buy one for you too." I will. If you are looking for a movie that you can totally become a part of, this is it! It is rich with characters, real and made up. Eddie Highmore is proving himself to be an exceptional actor.
Wow, what a ridiculous movie. I thought they'd improve upon the book but a terrible book makes for a boring movie. Stupid melodramatic lines. Waste of money.
Before I watched this, I know that it's going to suck, because most of the Nickelodeon Movies made are bland and they don't make the movie with a good taste. Anyway, the movie was good, but still I think The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian, and Bridge to Terabithia are better. The movie could've been also better if Disney and Walden made it.
Wow. I never really knew what this series was about, and I never read the books before watching the movie. But it didn't matter, because this movie was very cool. It kept me at the edge of my seat every second. This is something I'd recommend to anyone--I swear, you'll want to watch it again and again!
I thought this movie was great. it followed the books pretty well. The acting was amazing and so was the visuals. Freddie Highmore was amazing playing both him and his twin brother. (at first i thought that was someone else and not Freddie Highmore). I loved this movie so much i watched it every night when i got the dvd. I think this would be a great family movie but maybe over 5 year old children should be able to see it because there are some "scary" parts in this movie.
Welcome to an extrodinary world right outside your door. In my world, goblins, trolls, and sprites don't exist. But when I saw this movie, it grabbed my mind so much that I believe in them now. This was a movie that kept me on the edge of my seat and my heart racing, literaly. I would bet you anything that if you saw this movie, you would be on the edge of your seat too. Just whatever you do, don't let yourself stay in a world if you can't be happy. Travel to Spiderwick's world, where everything is spectacular. Hopefully, you will enjoy the movie as much as I did, and belive in all these creatures because they are all real. In my mind, they are as real as ice cream to me.
I love the characters, very well-developed and believable. This movie is funny and exciting. I think this is a movie worth watching!
Favorable: intriguing and exciting. Enter a secret world with Jared and his family to see what appear to be strange happenings in this secluded house. Once you start watching you will be drawn into this mythical world and its "strange" creatures. Inside this world there is non-stop suspense, action, and drama to get your heart racing and keep you wondering what will be next. This storyline is well developed with interesting characters; it is great for the family and is filled with plenty of intrigue. Inspired -the DVD inspired me to read each of the Spiderwick Chronicles books and I look forward to the next movie.


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text: TheStreet's Action Alerts PLUS Co-Portfolio Manager Jim Cramer says the latest news that activist investor Carl Icahn is backing down from his push to force change at Apple is a sign that Icahn is already getting what he wanted. Cramer says Apple CEO Tim Cook's decision to buy back $14 billion in shares in early February goes a long way toward what Icahn was seeking. Cramer expects that as Apple buys back shares, the stock will continue to move higher.


text:
Question: Let X be an Erlang random variable with PDF Derive a
Let X be an Erlang random variable with PDF,
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Derive a saddle point approximation for the left tail probability, Pr (X< xo). Compare your result with the exact value for 0 ≤ xo < E [X].
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Answer to relevant QuestionsIn an expression was derived for E [euX2] for a Rician random variable. Use this function to obtain a saddle point approximation for the tail probability of a Rician random variable, Pr (X ≥ xo). For one- sided random ...Since the Q- function represents the tail probability of a Gaussian random variable, we can use the various bounds on tail probabilities to produce bounds on the Q- function. (a) Use Markov's inequality to produce an ...Consider a geometric random variable, Z , whose PMF is PZ( k) = ( 1 – p) pk , k = 0,1,2, … . Find the entropy of this random variable as a function of p. Find an expression for the m th moment of an Erlang random variable whose PDF is given by for some positive integer n and positive constant b. Find the mean of the random variables described by each of the following probability mass functions: (a) (b) (c) (d)
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I'm a newbie at creating Tumblr posts, but I have some experience with CSS and HTML. I've been trying to code my own theme without avail, I have the basics, but I'm wondering how to make the width of the posts automatic, for like images. Because I've tried using 'auto', the posts just span the whole page, and I've tried using set widths, which is too big for some things. The code I have is linked below in a Pastebin file as I cannot for the life of me find out how to insert it here properly. Also, can anybody tell me how to get the 'posted x days ago' inside the post block not below it? http://pastebin.com/ax34f2zu
Try exploring some more CSS rules like
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To get the 'posted x days ago' within the block, just move this line
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