text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 2, 2009
|Filing date
|Aug 16, 2001
|Priority date
|Aug 16, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lorenzo Casaccia, Ramin Rezaiifar, Edward G. Tiedemann, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (41), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (12), Classifications (24), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The following U.S. Patent Application is filed concurrently herewith as related to this application: "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TIME-BASED RECEPTION OF TRANSMISSIONS IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM," U.S. Pat. No. 6,839,566.
1. Field
The present invention relates to communications systems. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods for segmenting and transmitting messages in a wireless communication system.
2. Background
In a wireless communications system messages are transmitted from a transmitter to a mobile receiver. Messages are transmitted in frames, wherein a frame defines a predetermined period of time and a protocol is the set of procedures used to perform a given set of operations, such as the exchange of information, wherein a protocol defines the constituent information transmitted in a frame. As wireless communications are performed through a shared air interface, reception quality is interference limited. Poor quality reception at the receiver may result in the loss of a transmitted frame of data, i.e., received signal is not recognizable due to the addition of interference signals. When a frame is lost, typically, the entire message (multiple frames) is retransmitted. Retransmission of an entire message uses bandwidth otherwise used for additional messages. Additionally, retransmission adds to the delay time of a system, and may result in unacceptable performance of the wireless communication system.
Therefore, there is a need for an accurate method of transmitting messages in a wireless communication system. Additionally, there is a need for an efficient method of retransmitting information in a wireless communication system.
Embodiments disclosed herein address the above stated needs by providing a method and apparatus for segmentation of a transmission message, wherein a segment parameter is attached to each segment, and wherein each segment is fragmented into a plurality of fragments. Each of the fragments includes a segment identifier. In one embodiment, the segment identifiers of fragments within a segment identify the start of segment and the end of segment.
According to one aspect, in a wireless communication system having a base station controller and a plurality of base stations, a method includes segmenting a message into a plurality of segments, dividing the segments into a plurality of fragments, and transmitting the fragments.
According to another aspect, in a wireless communication system having a base station controller and a plurality of base stations, a base station includes means for building segments of a message from a plurality of transmitted frames, means for identifying a missing segment of the message, and means for requesting a retransmission of the missing segment.
In one aspect, a wireless apparatus includes receiver for receiving a plurality of transmission frames, segment extraction unit coupled to the fragment extraction unit, adapted to identify and reconstruct segments within a transmission frame, and message reconstruction unit coupled to the segment extraction unit, adapted to determine any missing segment within a message and to request retransmission of the missing segment.
In still another aspect, a computer data signal embodied on a carrier wave is characterized by a plurality of segments, each segment having a segment parameter, and a plurality of fragments.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the present invention are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
In a spread spectrum system, such as a Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, communications system, signals are spread over a wide bandwidth via the use of a code, such as a Pseudorandom Noise, PN, spreading sequence. The "TIA/EIA/IS-95 Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System," hereinafter referred to as "the IS-95 standard," and the "TIA/EIA/IS-2000 Standards for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems," hereinafter referred to as "the cdma2000 standard," detail spread spectrum CDMA systems.
Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be based on code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), or some other modulation techniques. A CDMA system provides certain advantages over other types of system, including increased system capacity.
A system may be designed to support one or more standards such as: (1) the "TIA/EIA/IS-95-B Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System" referred to herein as the IS-95 standard; (2) the standard offered by a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" referred to herein as 3GPP; and embodied in a set of documents including Document Nos. 3G TS 25.211, 3G TS 25.212, 3G TS 25.213, and 3G TS 25.214, 3G TS 25.302, referred to herein as the W-CDMA standard; (3) the standard offered by a consortium named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" referred to herein as 3GPP2, and TR-45.5 referred to herein as the cdma2000 standard, formerly called IS-2000 MC, or (4) some other wireless standard. The standards (1), (2), and (3) cited hereinabove are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Each standard specifically defines the processing of data for transmission from base station to mobile, and vice versa. For example, speech information may be coded at a particular data rate, formatted into a defined frame format, and processed (e.g., error correction and/or detection encoded, interleaved, and so on) in accordance with a particular processing scheme. As an illustration of this, the W-CDMA standard defines an Adaptive Multi-Rate, or AMR, speech coding scheme whereby speech information may be encoded based on one of a number of possible data rates and the coded speech data is provided in a particular format that depends on the selected data rate. The codec, frame formats and processing defined by a particular standard (e.g., cdma2000 standard) are likely to be different from those of other standards (e.g., W-CDMA standard).
There are any numbers of communication systems capable of supporting multiple transport formats, i.e., variable length transmission frames. One such system is defined by the cdma2000 standard. While a CDMA type system is used as an exemplar throughout the following discussion, the present methods and apparatus are applicable to any system that transmits messages in frames, and supports retransmission of frames and/or portions of a frame. Additionally, the methods described herein may be applied to forward link and reverse link, as well as downlink and uplink. For convenience, the descriptions herein use terminology consistent with a CDMA type system. For application to a W-CDMA type system, an uplink communication refers to a communication from a User Equipment, UE, to a node B, i.e., transmitter.
While some of the terminology used to describe a conventional CDMA type spread spectrum system is consistently used with respect to a W-CDMA type system, there are several terms having specific definitions in each type system.
In a CDMA system, a mobile user is referred to as a Mobile Station. Multiple MSs communicate through a Base Station having a fixed location in the wireless communication system. The Reverse Link, RL, in a CDMA system refers to transmissions from a mobile user or Mobile Station, MS, to a Base Station, BS. The Forward Link, FL, refers to transmissions from the BS to a MS.
The terminology specific to a W-CDMA system refers to the mobile users as User Equipment, UE. Multiple UEs communicate through a "Node B" having a fixed location in the wireless communication system. Transmissions from the UE to the Node B are referred to as Up Link, UL. Down Link, DL, refers to transmissions from the Node B to the UE.
As shown in
A system controller 102 couples to base stations 104 and typically further couples to other systems, including, but not limited to, a Public Switched Telephone Network, PSTN, the Internet, or other communication network. System controller 102 provides coordination and control for the base stations coupled to it. System controller 102 further controls, via base stations 104, the routing of telephone calls among remote terminals 106, and between remote terminals 106 and the users coupled to other systems. System controller 102 is also referred to as a Base Station Controller, BSC.
The layered structure illustrated in
Control applications and high layer protocols utilize the services provided by the LAC layer 116. The LAC layer 116 performs the functions essential to set up, maintain, and release a logical link connection, including delivery of messages. The MAC layer 114 provides a control function that manages resources supplied by the physical layer 112. For example, the MAC layer 114 controls the physical code channels for communication of information over-the-air interface. The MAC layer 114 further coordinates the usage of those resources desired by various LAC service entities. Such coordination function resolves contention issues between LAC service entities within a single mobile station, as well as between competing mobile stations. The MAC layer 114 delivers Quality of Service, QoS, level requests from LAC services. For example, the MAC may reserve air interface resources or resolve priorities between competing LAC service entities.
For an HDR system, the MAC layer 114 includes scheduling capabilities to balance users or connections. Such balancing typically schedules low throughput for channels with poor coverage, thus freeing up resources allowing high throughput for channels with good connections. The next layer, the Link Access Control, LAC, layer 116, provides an access procedure for higher layer applications. In alternate architectures, a radio link, the Radio Link Protocol, RLP, layer (not shown) may provide retransmission and duplicate detection for an octet-aligned data stream in place of or in parallel with the LAC layer 116. In the context of a packet service, the LAC layer 116 carries Point-to-Point Protocol, PPP, packets. The High Level Data Link Control HDLC layer 120 is a link layer for PPP and ML-PPP communications. Control information is placed in specific patterns, which are dramatically different from the data in order to reduce errors. The HDLC layer 120 performs framing of the data prior to PPP processing. The PPP layer 122 then provides compression, authentication, encryption and multi-protocol support. The Internet Protocol, IP, layer 124 keeps track of Internet work addressing for different nodes, routes outgoing messages, and recognizes incoming messages.
Protocols running on top of PPP, such as IP layer 124, carry user traffic. Note that each of these layers may contain one or more protocols. Protocols use signaling messages and/or headers to convey information to a peer entity on the other side of the air-interface. For example, in a High Data Rate, HDR, system, protocols send messages with a default signaling application.
The architecture 110 is applicable to an Access Network, AN, for providing data connectivity between an IP network, such as the Internet, and access terminals, including wireless mobile units. Access Terminals, ATs, provide data connectivity to a user. An AT may be connected to a computing device such as a laptop personal computer or may be a self-contained data device such as a personal digital assistant. There are a variety of wireless applications and an ever- increasing number of devices, often referred to as IP appliances or web appliances. As illustrated in
The use of a multiple access system for voice and data transmissions is disclosed in the following U.S. Patents:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,307, entitled "SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SATELLITE OR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS;"
U.S. Pat. No. 5,103,459, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING WAVEFORMS IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM;"
U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,773, entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMATTING OF DATA FOR TRANSMISSION;" each assigned to the assignee hereof and expressly incorporated by reference herein. As the frequency spectrum is a finite resource, these systems provide methods for maximizing the use of this resource by sharing the spectrum while supporting a large number of users with minimal interference. The extension of these methods to the high speed transmission of data allows reuse of existing hardware and software. Designers already familiar with such standards and methods may use this knowledge and experience to extend these systems to high speed data transmissions.
As described hereinabove, in preparing a message for transmission, the transmitter typically spreads the message over multiple frames. The Frame Error Rate, FER, associated with a given communication link is defined as the probability of losing a given frame. Similarly, the Message Error Rate, MER, associated with a given communication link is defined as the probability of losing a given message. The MER is related to the FER as given in equation (1).
MER=1−(1−FER)n, (1)
wherein the message is spread over n frames. Equation (1) assumes a statistical independence of events, specifically; the probability of an error in any given frame is equal to the probability of an error in any other frame. For a fixed FER value, the MER increases with increases in message length. If one frame is lost, the entire message is lost. Note that a frame is a basic timing interval in a wireless communication system. The time length defining a frame for different transmission channels may be different.
The risk of losing a message, i.e., MER, increases with the length of the message. As the message length increases, the number of frames required for transmission of the message increases. As the loss of one frame will result in the loss of the entire message, the risk of losing the message is affected by the number of frames per message. Additionally, for a constant length message, increases in the FER directly impacts the MER as given in equation (1).
The message 200 is transmitted in a number of fragments, labeled as 1, 2, . . . , X. Each fragment 220 includes a Start Of Message, SOM, indicator 222, and an information portion 224. In one embodiment, the SOM is a one to indicate a first fragment in the message, and a zero to indicate successive fragments in the message. The MER of the message 200 is given in equation (1). The fragments are then provided to the MAC layer 114, which arranges the fragments into frames for transmission. The MAC layer 114 may add information to the fragments and may reorder the fragments for transmission. Each fragment 220 may correspond to a transmission frame. On receipt of the message at a receiver, if any fragment is lost, the entire message is retransmitted. A lost fragment is typically referred to as an erasure, wherein the receiver receives signal energy but is unable to process and/or decode the information. If a portion of a message is lost, the entire message may be considered lost if the receiver is not able to process the message without the lost portion. The lost portion may be referred to as an erasure or a missing portion.
In one system, when the receiver receives a message and is able to decode and process the message, the receiver acknowledges the receipt of the message by transmission of an Acknowledgement, ACK, message. If the message is lost, the receiver does not respond to the transmitter. The transmitter waits for receipt of the ACK message from the target recipient. If the ACK message is not received at the transmitter within a predetermined wait time period, the transmitter retransmits the message. The transmitter has little or no information as to the lost portion(s) of the message.
The retransmission of a message on the loss of only a portion, or fragment, of the message and upon the expiration of a wait time incurs delay time to the receiver and consumes transmission bandwidth of the transmitter. To provide retransmission of the lost portion(s) or fragment(s) an exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of message segmentation, illustrated in
As illustrated in
As discussed hereinabove, each of the K segments 302 is segmented into X fragments, wherein the total number of fragments n is given as:
n=K*X. (2)
In the exemplary embodiment, the total number of fragments is equal to the total number of frames generated by the MAC layer 114 for transmission on the physical layer 112, while alternate embodiments may provide the total number of fragments as a function of the total number of frames. The resultant message error rate is defined as a function of the Segment Error Rate, SER, as:
wherein the SER is defined as:
As illustrated in
In one embodiment of message transmission illustrated in
Each of the X fragments (of fragments 304) corresponds to a transmission frame of frames 360 for a total number of X frames per segment message. Each frame is referred to as containing a Service Data Unit, SDU. Each of the fragments 304 includes a Segment Identifier, SI, value appended as a prefix to a portion of the message 200. The fragment identifier is determined sequentially. Alternate embodiments may implement other methods of assigning identifiers to frames and segments. The identification is used to reconstruct the message at the receiver. Similarly, alternate embodiments may append the SI at the end of the segment information or may integrate the SI information with the segment information. In each of these embodiments, when the organization of the frame is known at the receiver, the receiver is then able to reconstruct the message accordingly.
As illustrated in
In the embodiment of
Continuing with
Each of the fragments 304 corresponds to an SDU 360 generated by the MAC layer 114. Specifically, as illustrated, fragment 320 corresponds to SDU 362, fragment 330 corresponds to SDU 364, fragment 340 corresponds to SDU 366, and fragment 350 corresponds to SDU 368. The SDUs 360 corresponds to transmission frames sent over the physical layer 112.
Continuing with
Returning to decision diamond 404, if message segmentation is inactive, processing continues to step 406 to divide the message into X portions. An SI is appended to each message portion to form a fragment at step 408. The fragments are then passed to the MAC layer at step 410. Processing returns to step 402 to process a next message.
At the receiver, the SI bits are extracted from the received fragment to determine processing of a transmitted message.
Returning to decision diamond 444, if the received frame is not a start of segment, the receiver determines if the frame is an end of segment based on the SI bits at decision diamond 448. If the received frame is not an end of segment, the receiver stores the information from the fragment into the buffer and processing returns to step 422. If the frame is the end of a segment, the receiver reconstructs the segment and places the segment in order at step 450. If this segment completes a message at decision diamond 452, the receiver checks for missing segments at decision diamond 454. If there are no missing segments processing continues to step 432 to reconstruct the message. If missing segments are determined at decision diamond 454, the receiver sends a Negative Acknowledge, NACK, message at step 454 and processing returns to step 422. If the segment is not the end of the message at decision diamond 452, processing returns to step 422.
If segmentation is not active at decision diamond 424, processing continues to step 426 to process the fragment. Processing of the fragment is further detailed in
A portion of the processing of a fragment, as contained in a frame, is further detailed in
In one embodiment of message transmission illustrated in
Message segmentation allows retransmission of a portion of the message avoiding the time delays and resource allocation required by full retransmission of the entire message. A comparison of a method of message transmission without segmentation and a method of message transmission with segmentation is provided in
In comparison to
A transmitter 500 is illustrated in
A receiver 600 is illustrated in
In one embodiment, a receiver method as in
Timer i=α*AIT (5)
wherein α is a constant value, and AIT is the average inter-arrival time of frames. The timer i continues to count until a message or erasure is received. If the timer i expires before a frame or erasure is received, the receiver considers the first erasure as an end of segment. If prior to expiration of the timer i a second erasure is received, the receiver resets the timer i and starts a timer i+1. The timer i+1 is defined by the time period:
Timer i+1=β*(timer I)+γ*(t 2−t 1) (6)
wherein β and γ are constant values. Any number of additional timers may be used, each having a similar time assignment. Alternate embodiments may employ a variety of time periods and ways of implementing the timer. Effectively, each erasure initiates a timer. The number of erasures is then used to determine the length of the segment. When any timer expires without receipt of a frame or an erasure, the receiver identifies the end of segment as the last received erasure.
Continuing with method 700 of
In the example of
According to one embodiment, a method of using multiple timers to identify an end of segment or end of message (such as illustrated in
According to an alternate embodiment, a method of using multiple timers to identify an end of segment or end of message (such as illustrated in
As disclosed hereinabove, a method for segmented message transmission is provided. Each message is first segmented and then the segments are fragmented. A segment parameter is applied to each segment, and a segment identifier to each fragment. The fragments are provided to a lower level for preparation into frames for transmission. The exemplary embodiment may be applied to the transmission of short duration messages, such as control messages, etc.
Thus a variety of methods have been illustrated hereinabove for transmitting segmented messages in a wireless system. Each method finds application according to the design and resource requirements of a given system. While the various embodiments have been described with reference to a CDMA type spread spectrum communication system, the concepts are applicable to alternate spread spectrum type systems, as well as other type communication systems. The methods and algorithms presented hereinabove may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. For example, using the MMSE approach to a non-time gated pilot, the equations for solving for the combiner weights may be performed in software or using a Digital Signal Processor, DSP, to perform the calculations. Similarly, the adaptive algorithms may be implemented in software in the form of computer readable instructions stored on a computer readable medium. A Central Processing Unit, such as a DSP core, operates to perform the instructions and provide signal estimates in response. Alternate embodiments may implement hardware, such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC, where feasible.
Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
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|Aug 16, 2001
Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIA
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This is a non-fiction text for Year 3 children which shows examples of how text is used in real life ('authentic') to give warnings. The book can be used in conjunction with other "Spotlight on Fact" resources to support literacy hour sessions focussed on non-fiction discussion texts. It includes QCA cross-curricular links to Geography (unit 6).
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Helen Bird and David Orme
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<< Back to Search Results
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Added on 07-Dec-2005
Nice article from the Minnesota Daily!
First of all, God save the Queen. That's right, folks — 1970s glam-turned-pop rock superstars Queen are returning to tour the United States for the first time since 1982. The 23-date juggernaut includes a stop at the Xcel Energy Center on March 26.After a dozen or so years of listening to, studying, writing about, playing and composing rock music, the fantastically creative dynamics of these four Brits remain the greatest of all the underrated overrated rock dynasties. Unconvinced? What other testimony could there be besides the first hits? Let's look back to 1974. After eschewing London's pub-and-club gigging circuit that most bands of the era slaved upon, it seemed this flashy, Zeppelin-esque college band called Queen just couldn't catch fire. Lead singer, the late Zanzibar, Tanzania-born and Indian-educated Freddie Mercury, really just seemed like a Persian piano-playing version of David Bowie. Brian May, who built his guitar as a teenager and was finishing a doctorate in astrophysics, just seemed like a curlier-mopped Jimmy Page.Drummer Roger Taylor was merely a blonder and better looking Rod Stewart, and bassist John Deacon — well, who cares? The truth was Queen looked a lot like any other androgynous, glittery, pretty boy glam group.What they had, was a degree of maturity and craftsmanship that gave their records an almost immediately classical quality. Their first big single, the aptly titled "Killer Queen," was a sugary three-minute confection(seemingly about a high-class prostitute), quirky rhythm changes and a catchy-as-hell progression. All reasonably impressive, but what really dropped jaws was the three-part guitar solo.Meticulously constructed by May while he sat in a hospital bed, the solo featured his thick, liquidly melodic guitar tone recorded three different times — each time with a different countermelody — cascading over Mercury's simple, staccato piano plinking and Deacon and Taylor's uptight, neat-as-pressed-trousers backbeat. The result is near-sonic perfection — pure genius, and rendered with a flair that is as distinctly British as a Sherlock Holmes mystery or Monty Python sketch."Bohemian Rhapsody" often ranks among the greatest rock song of all time. This six-minute masterpiece begins with a mysterious Gregorian choral quality while seamlessly transcending into a simple murder ballad, which then gives way to a towering Zeus-like guitar solo of Beethovenian eloquence. As soon as we are settled into the next break in the action — at about the three-minute mark now — in comes this Rossini-esque Italian-style mock opera, which joins the piano and timpani-style drums backed by what sounds to be bombastic spurned men's choir.After the famous "Galileos" and "Mama mias," the song soars into a headbanger's ball — a heavy metal blitzkrieg made ever more famous by Mike Myers and Dana Carvey rocking their craniums up and down in the front seats of their flame-painted '76 Pacer hatchback.After some more call-and-response Brian May guitar leads, Mercury brings us back to pop ballad nirvana with a grand piano run and some sweetly tinged "oooh yeahs" before we are led into a beautifully pastoral coda, featuring the famous "nothing really matters to me" close that winds down the greatest mind-blowing bum rush ever experienced by the Top 40 listener."Any way the wind blows," the song's protagonist coos, and we are sent home to our musical mommies with the lovely bash of a gong on the final beat.If you get a chance, go out and see Queen, even though Mercury tragically died of complications from AIDS 15 years ago. They will still rock you, and they are still the champions.Adri Mehra welcomes comments at email@example.com. http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/12/07/66484/
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ST. PAUL (AP) Games between the Minnesota Wild and Colorado Avalanche are usually low-scoring, grind-it-out affairs.
Not this time.
Paul Stastny had two goals and an assist, and the low-scoring Avalanche broke out for a 6-5 win over the Wild on Monday night.
Marek Svatos, David Jones, T.J. Hensick and Milan Hejduk also scored for Colorado, which entered the game as the second lowest scoring team in the Western Conference. The six goals were a season high for the Avalanche and the 11 total goals were the most in a game between the two teams.
GAME REPORT: Avalanche 6, Wild 5
"You don't expect that. The last few years I've been here it's been 1-0, 2-1, 3-2," Stastny said. "We just went with it. All four lines were playing well."
The Avalanche (12-12-0) had a 20-6 advantage in shots midway through the second period and capitalized on several Wild turnovers and miscues to build an insurmountable lead.
Hejduk, Hensick and Stastny scored three straight goals in the second off Minnesota turnovers to give Colorado a 6-3 lead. The offensive outburst was even more surprising since it came against the Wild, the NHL's toughest team to score against.
"Worst two periods that I've seen," Wild coach Jacques Lemaire said. "We made so many mistakes there in the first and second and we lost confidence a bit."
Stastny's last goal in the second proved to be the winner after Minnesota's Brent Burns scored with six minutes left in the third to cut it to 6-5.
Burns' goal held up after a replay showed he did not interfere with Colorado goalie Peter Budaj before the puck crossed the line.
A bouncing puck off the stick of Wild forward Benoit Pouliot went in the net a few seconds after time expired in the third period, causing the Minnesota fans to groan in disbelief and Lemaire to laugh.
"Yeah, that's funny," he said. "Two more seconds and we're OK. But we got what we deserved."
Minnesota needed the late surge after looking dazed for much of the first two periods. The only time the Wild (14-8-1) looked sharp through two periods Monday was on the power play, where it scored three times.
Avs coach Tony Granato credited his skaters for forcing many of the Wild mistakes.
"If you look at puck possession, time of possession, scoring chances and battles won and lost, I think we controlled that pretty much from start to finish," he said. "Our speed was good tonight, and our support away from the puck was good as well."
Pierre-Marc Bouchard scored twice and Mikko Koivu and Owen Nolan each scored. Both of Bouchard's goals gave Minnesota a temporary one-goal lead. Nolan's goal cut the Avs lead to 6-4 before the second intermission.
Josh Harding replaced Wild goalie Niklas Backstrom to start the third period. Bakstrom entered Monday with a 2.15 goals against average and was one of the main reasons for Minnesota's early season defensive success.
Lemaire made it clear he didn't think the high score was all because of Backstrom.
"If Backstrom hadn't been good tonight, they would've scored 10," he said.
Colorado continues to scratch out wins despite missing two of its core players.
The Avs have won three of four and remain competitive in the conference despite playing without Adam Foote (back) and Joe Sakic (back) for most of November. Both players did not make the road trip and will be re-evaluated this week.
Meanwhile, Colorado needs to keep finding ways to keep scoring goals and staying relevant in the always tight West.
"We're back to .500, now we need to go from here," Stastny said. "I thought earlier we were playing well the last couple of games and we could get a string of wins but we got a big one here."
Notes: The Wild named defenseman Kim Johnsson captain for December. The veteran Swede leads the Wild in time on ice (24:55) and has eight points. It will be Johnsson's first stint as captain since signing with Minnesota in 2006. ... Colorado is finishing up a stretch of nine of 12 games on the road and hasn't played consecutive home games since Nov. 6-8. ... This was the 300th regular season game played at the Xcel Energy Center. ... Six was a season high in goals allowed for Minnesota. ... Wild center Eric Belanger returned from a lower body injury and skated in his 500th game.
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Update older Quine- tics bullet pullers (and copies/clones) with this universal chuck. Takes .22 thru .45 caliber cases and releases quickly; no need to remove the cap. Same as supplied in current model.
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Turkey Salad Croissant
Makes 4 servings. Recipe is from Jennie-O Turkey.
2 cups cooked, chopped turkey
½ cup sliced celery
1?3 cup chopped cashews (I used sliced almonds)
½ cup plain low-fat yogurt
¼ cup mayonnaise or salad dressing
2 tablespoons Major Grey mango chutney
½ teaspoon curry powder
4 croissants, split
Leaf lettuce (I used a mix of spinach and arugula)
1. In bowl, combine cooked, chopped turkey, celery and nuts.
2. In separate small bowl, stir together yogurt, mayonnaise, mango chutney and curry powder.
3. Stir mayonnaise mixture into turkey mixture. Spoon ¼ filling on bottom of each croissant. Cover with croissant tops.
Note: Can also be served on crackers as appetizer or as a salad over greens.


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May 2 @ 6:30 pm - 9:30 pm$375
The DSLR camera has revolutionized video storytelling. For the first time in a generation, aspiring filmmakers have access to a cornucopia of affordable video equipment, and the DSLR has become the workhorse of documentary filmmakers, YouTubers, Music Video Artists, and commercial cinematographers. Increasingly Photographers are expected to provide video services to keep up with market demands, but for some the shift from shooting stills to shooting motion hasn't come naturally.
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