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Development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C -free endosperm
- Erik Weaver
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1 Research Article Received: 13 October 2008 Revised: 29 December 2008 Accepted: 26 January 2009 Published online in Wiley Interscience: 28 May 2009 (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI /ps.1788 Development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C -free endosperm Rongjian Ye, Haiqun Huang, Zhou Yang, Taiyu Chen, Li Liu, Xianghua Li, Hao Chen and Yongjun Lin Abstract BACKGROUND: Yellow stem borer (Tryporyza incertulas Walker), striped stem borer (Chilosuppressalis Walker) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. In this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which Bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. The resistant gene, cry1c, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), was introduced into Zhonghua 11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RESULTS: A total of 83 independent transformants were obtained, 19 of which were characterised as single-copy foreign gene insertion. After preliminary screening of the T 1 families of these 19 transformants in the field, six highly insect-resistant homozygous lines were selected. These six homozygous transgenic lines were field tested for resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, and for their agronomic performance. The Cry1C protein levels in leaves and endosperm were measured by ELISA. Subsequently, the elite transgenic line RJ5 was selected; this line not only possessed high resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, normal agronomic performance, but also Cry1C expression was only 2.6 ng g 1 in the endosperm. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that RJ5 has the potential for widespread utility in rice production. c 2009 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: cry1c ; rbcs; leaf folders; stem borers; insect resistance; transgenic rice 1 INTRODUCTION Rice is one of the world s most important food crops. Yellow stem borer (Tryporyza incertulas Walker), striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenec) are three major pests of rice that cause severe yield losses in most rice-producing countries. For a long time, control of these pests has chiefly depended on the use of large amounts of chemical insecticides, leading to considerable environmental pollution and representing a health hazard to farmers, as well as significantly increasing the costs of rice production. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an ideal biological insecticide alternative to chemical insecticides because of its safety to the user and environment. Owing to limited field stability, the inability to reach cryptic insects and a narrow spectrum of activity, Bt products currently represent only a small portion of the insecticide market. 1 Plant transgenic approaches provide access to an unlimited gene pool for the transfer of desirable genes between any two species of interest, irrespective of their evolutionary or taxonomic relation. Genes codifying Bt insecticidal crystal proteins can be introduced into plants for insect control. Bt genes were first introduced and expressed in tobacco 2,3 and tomato. 4 Since then, insect-resistant crops containing Bt genes have been developed at very fast pace. In 2006, the estimated global area of Bt crops reached 32.2 million ha. 5 These crops have benefited the growers and environment by greatly reducing the use of chemical insecticides. 1 During the last two decades, considerable research efforts have been invested to introduce insecticidal crystal protein genes into rice by transgenic approaches However, some novel problems have arisen, one of which is promoter usage. Constitutive promoters are widely used in insect-resistant transgenic rice to express Bt genes, such as the 35sCaMV promoter, 9,11 the ubiquitin1 promoter 18,19 and the Actin1 promoter. 8,13 However, compared with the temporal- or spatial-specific expression of the toxin, constitutive expression of foreign proteins in transgenic plants may cause adverse effects, such as the metabolic burden imposed on plants for constant synthesis of foreign gene products, and these may increase the potential risk of resistance of the target insects to Bt. There is also concern about the food safety of genetically modified plants. Therefore, in certain circumstances, it is desirable to use expression-specific promoters which only express the foreign gene in specific plant tissues or organs. 23 Correspondence to: Yongjun Lin, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement andnational CentreofPlant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan , PR China. These authors contributed equally to this work. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan , PR China 1015 Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65: c 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
2 R Ye et al. The Cry1C toxin is effective against the main lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and leaf folders, and does not share a common binding site in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) oftheinsectmidgutwithcry1atoxins. 24 Therefore, it seems that the Cry1C toxin can be a potential alternative to Cry1A toxins. There are few reports on cry1c transgenic plants. 25,26 The authors group has reported the introduction of a codon-optimised cry1c gene, referred to as cry1c, under the control of ubiquitin1 promoter, into the elite indica rice line Minghui 63 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the transgenic plants showed high resistance to rice stem borers and leaf folders. 19 Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is the key enzyme of photosynthesis and the most abundant leaf protein. Plants rely on it for carbon fixation. Rubisco content is thought to be a rate-limiting factor for the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis at present atmospheric carbon dioxide pressures. 27 Rubisco in higher plants possesses an L 8 S 8 structure, with the large subunit (LS) encoded in the chloroplast by rbcl and the small subunit encoded by the nuclear RBCS gene family. Many experiments demonstrate that rbcs is a tissue-specific expression gene, especially in green tissues, and that the expression pattern is regulated by light All of these results indicate that the rbcs promoter might be useful for the expression of target genes in transgenic rice, with particularly high efficiency in green tissues (most notably in leaves). Zheng et al. 32 expressed Cry1Ca in transgenic shallots under the control of a chrysanthemum Rubisco small subunit promoter, and the transgenic plants showed high resistance to beet armyworm. In the present study, a modified novel cry1c gene 19 was driven by the rice rbcs promoter, 31 then introduced into Zhonghua 11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)byagrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were examined for both insect resistance and agronomic traits under field conditions, with the goal of obtaining insect-resistant transgenic rice that was Cry1C free in endosperm tissue. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Transformation construct (P rbcs cry1c ) and transformation The transformation construct is displayed in Fig. 1. Plasmid pcambia1300 was kindly provided by the Centre for the Application of Molecular Biology in International Agriculture, Australia. The cry1c gene 19 was driven by the rice rbcs promoter 31 and was cloned into the polylinker of the plasmid. The hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene was replaced with the phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene. A strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105, harbouring a disarmed plasmid ptibo542, was used for the transformation experiments. The callus culture and transformation procedures were carried out as described by Hiei et al PCR and southern blot analyses PCR and southern blot analyses were used to determine the presence of the cry1c gene and the copy number in transformed plants. PCR analysis was performed using the primers cry1c -F (5 - ttctactggggaggacatcg-3 )andcry1c -R (5 -cggtatctttgggtgattgg -3 ). A 20 µl mixture of 30 ng of template DNA, 1 buffer (50 mm KCl, 10 mm Tris-HCl, 0.1% Triton X-100), 0.15 mm of dntps, mm of MgCl 2,0.1 µm of each primer and 1 U of Taq DNA polymerase was prepared for the PCR assays. The PCR reaction was performed at 94 C for 5 min, and then for 30 cycles of 94 Cfor1min,57 C for 1 min, 72 C for 1 min, followed by 72 Cfor5min.ThePCR products were then checked by electrophoresis. Plant genomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB method. 34 For southern blot analysis, 5 µg of genomic DNA from each sample was digested with DraI and separated on a 0.8% agarose gel, then transferred to a nylon membrane. The probe was prepared from a PCR-amplified fragment of cry1c. All procedures for the hybridisation were conducted as described by Lin and Zhang Selection of homozygous cry1c plants with single-copy insertion In 2006, T 1 transgenic plant families (with single-copy insertions) derived from fertile T 0 transgenic plants were grown on the experimental farm of Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, China. No insecticide was applied during the entire growth period of the rice. Highly insect-resistant families without significant phenotypic changes were selected on the basis of visual observation. Mature seeds were harvested from individual plants containing single-copy insertion from families with high resistance that did not display significant phenotypic changes. A seed germination assay was carried out to select for homozygous plants containing the cry1c gene. The procedure of the seed germination assay was performed as described by Chen et al Field tests for insect resistance and agronomic performance For the evaluation of insect resistance and agronomic performance, the selected homozygous transgenic lines were planted at the experimental farm of Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, China, in The materials tested were six homozygous cry1c transgenic lines, and Zhonghua 11 as the control (designated RJ1). The seeds were sown in a seedling bed on 27 May, and seedlings were subsequently transplanted to the paddy fields on 28 June. The field layout followed a randomised complete block design with three replications. Each plot consisted of 20 plants in two rows, with distances of 14.0 cm between plants within a row and 18.0 cm between rows. The experimental plots were bordered by four rows of non-transgenic japonica rice plants. Evaluation of insect resistance of transgenic plants in the field was conducted by artificial infestation using yellow stem borer combined with natural infestation of stem borers and leaf folders. 18 No chemical insecticides targeted against lepidopteran pests were 1016 Figure 1. T-DNA region of the transformation construct P rbcs Cry1C.TheCry1C gene was driven by a rice rbcs promoter and terminated by the nopaline synthase (nos) terminator. The bar gene was used as a selectable marker and was under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and tailed by the CaMV35S polya. LB: left border of T-DNA region; RB: right border of T-DNA region. c 2009 Society of Chemical Industry Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65:
3 Insect-resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C -free endosperm applied throughout the growth period. Each rice plant was infested with first-instar larvae of yellow stem borers at the tillering stage. The severity of damage caused by the natural infestation of leaf folders was recorded within 7 days after peak damage appeared. Leaves with visible scrapes or folds were considered to be damaged. Dead hearts caused by stem borers were counted at the late maximum tillering stage, and white heads were counted at the flowering stage. The experimental design for the field testing of the agronomic performance of the transgenic plants was conducted as described above, with the exception that chemical pesticides were applied throughout the growth period for crop protection. At maturity, plant height was measured in the field, and all plants from each plot were harvested for measurements of the panicle length, number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, yield per plant and seed-set rate. 2.5 Quantification of the Cry1C protein The amount of Cry1C protein in leaves was measured at the tillering and filling stages, and the amount of Cry1C protein in the endosperm was measured at the wax ripeness stage, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit from Enviro- Logix (Portland, ME). The protein assayprocedures were conducted according to the manufacturer s instructions. 3 RESULTS 3.1 Transformation and DNA assay Transformation of 1377 calli resulted in a total of 87 transformants, of which 83 grew to maturity. PCR analysis identified that 79 of the 83 transformants were transgene positive. Southern blot analysis showed that the copy numbers of the transgenic plants varied from 1 to 5 (Fig. 2). Of the 79 transgenic plants, 19 contained a single copy of the transgene. 3.2 Selection of insect-resistant homozygous transgenic lines Nineteen T 1 single-copy transgenic plant families derived from fertile T 0 transgenic plants were grown in the field. No chemical insecticide was applied during the entire rice growth period. Selection of plants was based on high insect resistance and no significant phenotypic changes; four out of 19 T 1 transgenic families were chosen. To obtain homozygous transgenic plants, the mature seeds from selected T 1 transgenic plants were collected separately and germinatedonfresh1/2 MS medium containing 10 mg L 1 Basta. Homozygous transgenic plants, heterozygous plants and negative plants were differentiated bytheir germination ratios, which were 100, 75 and 0% respectively. Finally, six homozygous transgenic plant lines (designated RJ2, RJ3, RJ4, RJ5, RJ6 and RJ7) were selected for further analyses. 3.3 Evaluation of insect resistance and agronomic performance in the field The selected six homozygous transgenic plant lines (RJ2, RJ3, RJ4, RJ5, RJ6 and RJ7) were field tested for their resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, and also evaluated for agronomic performance. The results of insect resistance are shown in Table 1. It was seen that 37.41% of tillers of the wild-type Zhonghua 11 (RJ1) were damaged to various degrees by leaf folders, with an average of 4.25 leaves affected per tiller, while only slight damage ( leaves per tiller) was observed on the six selected homozygous transgenic lines. As Table 1 shows, Zhonghua 11 (RJ1) was also severely damaged by stem borers, with 36.25% of the plant tillers having dead hearts or white heads, while again Table 1. Resistance of the six homozygous transgenic plant lines against stem borers and leaf folders under field conditions (2007, Wuhan, China) Damage by stem borers a,b (%) Damage by leaf folders a,b Number of tillers affected (%) Number of damaged leaves per tiller RJ1 (CK) (±15.93) (±6.89) 4.25 (±0.55) RJ (±0.00) 1.41 (±0.80) 0.08 (±0.03) RJ (±1.76) 0.52 (±0.50) 0.05 (±0.05) RJ (±1.11) 1.01 (±1.41) 0.07 (±0.07) RJ (±1.73) 0.58 (±0.68) 0.05 (±0.05) RJ (±1.21) 0.33 (±0.57) 0.03 (±0.06) RJ (±0.68) 0.00 (±0.00) 0.00 (±0.00) a Values are given as means (± standard deviation). b Means significantly different from the control (P < 0.01). Figure 2. Southern blot analysis of total genomic DNA of T 0 transgenic plants. The DNA samples were digested with DraI and hybridised with the prepared radioactive probe (no DraI restriction site is present within the T-DNA region). The probe size was 0.8 kb and was a fragment of the Cry1C gene.m:dnamarker;nt:zhonghua11;lanes 1 to 18, transgenic plants. Figure 3. Field performance of transgenic Cry1C lines: A, Zhonghua 11 control; B, a homozygous transgenic line. Plants of the Zhonghua 11 control were severely damaged by the yellow stem borer and leaf folder. Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65: c 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 1017
4 R Ye et al. only slight damage ( %) was observed in the six selected homozygous transgenic plant lines (Fig. 3). The insect resistances of the six cry1c homozygous transgenic lines were very similar, and all were significantly (P < 0.01) superior to that of the wild-type Zhonghua 11 (Table 1). The data collected from the field experiment for agronomic performance, however, showed that only the homozygous transgenic line RJ5 had no significant differences from the wild-type Zhonghua 11 (RJ1). The other five homozygous transgenic lines each had various degrees of differences in agronomic traits, especially in plant height (Table 2). These results indicated that RJ5 was the ideal line for the development of transgenic rice against lepidopteran pests. 3.4 Cry1C protein quantification of the homozygous transgenic lines The Cry1C protein contents of fresh leaves (at the tillering and filling stages) and the endosperm (at the wax ripeness stage) of the homozygous transgenic lines were measured. The Cry1C protein concentrations of the six homozygous transgenic lines ranged from 0.87 µg g 1 leaf fresh weight in line RJ5 to 3.13 µgg 1 in RJ7 at the tillering stage, and the Cry1C protein concentrations ranged from 0.71 to 0.86 µgg 1 leaf fresh weight at the filling stage (Figs 4 and 5). A declining trend of the Cry1C protein concentration was found between the developing vegetative growth and the reproductive growth. In endosperm, the Cry1C expression level was very low. The highest concentration was only µgg 1 endosperm. In RJ5, the target homozygous transgenic line, the Cry1C protein concentration was only µgg 1 endosperm. This result was in accordance with the original intention of designing a transgenic line of rice with low cry1c expression in the endosperm. 4 DISCUSSION In this study, a modified novel cry1c gene 19 was driven by a rice rbcs promoter, 31 and was then introduced into Zhonghua 11 (O. sativa L. ssp. japonica)byagrobacterium-mediated transformation. Based on high insect resistance and no significant phenotypic changes, six homozygous transgenic lines were selected for field testing for resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, and also for agronomic performance. The Cry1C protein levels in leaves and endosperm were measured at the same time. The homozygous transgenic line (RJ5) not only had high resistance to lepidopteran pests and normal agronomic performance, but also the concentration of the Cry1C protein was only 2.6 ng g 1 endosperm, that is, it was nearly absent from the endosperm. These results indicated that RJ5 possessed great potential for use in rice production. Stem borers and leaf folders are two groups of major pests in rice that cause severe yield loss in most rice-producing countries. Cry1Ab,cry1Ac and fusion genecry1ac/cry1ab are the Bt genes most commonly used in transgenic crops, including rice. 6 9,11,13,15,36 These proteins share a common binding site in BBMV, 37 and thus a mutant that is able to overcome one of the cry1a genes is also likely to be resistant to other cry1a genes. Consequently, combinations of cry1a genes with other groups of Bt genes should be explored as a means of preventing or delaying the emergence of pest Table 2. Agronomic traits of the six homozygous transgenic lines and wild-type Zhonghua 11 under field conditions (Wuhan, China, 2007) ab Plant height (cm) Panicles per plant Grains per panicle Seed-set rate (%) 1000-grain weight (g) Yield per plant (g) Panicle length (cm) RJ1 (CK) (±2.66) (±0.31) (±4.80) (±3.74) (±0.35) (±2.45) (±0.24) RJ (±2.66) (±0.89) (±1.31) (±1.68) (±0.18) (±2.06) (±0.23) RJ (±3.00) (±0.98) (±5.49) (±2.06) (±0.19) (±3.11) (±0.86) RJ (±3.16) (±1.51) (±1.89) (±1.13) (±0.22) (±3.10) (±1.40) RJ (±2.48) (±1.98) (±5.79) (±0.48) (±0.41) (±4.10) (±0.26) RJ (±1.32) (±2.27) (±7.03) (±2.53) (±0.06) (±3.08) (±0.30) RJ (±1.47) (±2.56) (±4.19) (±2.55) (±0.29) (±3.78) (±0.38) LSD LSD a Values are given as means (± standard deviation). b Means significantly different from the control (P < 0.05). Means significantly different from the control (P < 0.01) Figure 4. Cry1C protein assay of fresh leaves from six homozygous transgenic lines, as quantified by ELISA. c 2009 Society of Chemical Industry Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65:
5 Insect-resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C -free endosperm Figure 5. Cry1C protein assay of endosperm from six homozygous transgenic lines, as quantified by ELISA. resistance. The Cry1C toxin is effective against stem borers and leaf folders, and does not share a common binding site with Cry1A toxins in BBMV. 24 Therefore, it would appear that the Cry1C toxin could be a potential alternative to Cry1A toxins. Early research in the authors lab indicated that Cry1C toxicity to lepidopterans was higher than Cry2A toxicity, and was equivalent to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab in the transgenic line Minghui ,19,35,38 The potential of insects to develop resistance to Bt toxins is an increasing concern, especially with the widespread adoption of Bt crops. In fact, a number of resistant insect strains have been selected under laboratory, greenhouse and/or field conditions, 1,21,39,40 indicating the potential for the evolution of resistance. To meet this challenge, several strategies have been proposed to manage insect resistance, such as the highdose/refuge strategy, gene stacking, and temporal- or spatialspecific expression of the toxin. 1,21,39,41 This study used the last strategy, in which a tissue-specific promoter (P rbcs )wasusedto control the expression of Cry1C. The results showed that Cry1C could be expressed at high levels in green tissues and was nearly absent from the endosperm. In comparison with the ubiquitin1 promoter, the expression of P rbcs was3timeshigherinleaves 19 but less than one-thousandth in the endosperm (Yang Zh, unpublished data). All of these results indicated that the rbcs promoter might be very useful for the expression of target genes in transgenic rice research. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was funded by the National High-Technology Research and Development Programme of China (programme 863), the National Programme on Research and Development of Transgenic Plants and the National Natural Science Foundation of China. REFERENCES 1 Ferre J and Van RJ, Biochemistry and genetics of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annu Rev Entomol 47: (2002). 2 Barton KA, Whiteley HR and Yang NS,Bacillusthuringiensisδ-endotoxin expressed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum provides resistance to lepidopteran insects. Plant Physiol 85: (1987). 3 Vaeck M, Reynaerts A, Hofte H, Jansens S, Beukeleer MD, Dean C, et al, Transgenic plants protected from insect attack. Nature 328:33 37 (1987). 4 Fischhoff DA, Bowdish KS, Perlak FJ, Marrone PG, McCoormick SM, Niedermeyer JG, et al, Insect tolerant transgenic tomato plants. 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text:
Productivity Manager
Direct team of 32 employees focused on process and program automation, drive continuous improvement programs, automate non-value-add processes to reallocate resources, manage order processing, system reports, and back-office processing groups. Support franchisees and field sales employees through lean initiatives that reduce waste, improve service level, productivity, and quality controls, and provide on-demand or customer reporting tools.
- Automations of NTR/BTR as well as off-enrollment-cycle revolving account processing saves a total of 840 hours labor annually, a cost avoidance of $20,000.
- Directed the training and skills development of 7 employees in use of MSAccess to run business-specific queries in ERP and Data Warehouse environments, expanding team's research & analysis capabilities.
Major Projects
Field Resource Database:
Developed business requirements, functional specifications, and scenario testing structure. Led design, development, UAT, pilot, training, and deployment of field resource database system for sales team of 500 in 10 regions across North America.
- Improved order processing request volume by 65% by eliminating 300,000 email contacts
- Increased service level by 23 hours by modernizing transaction feed between external and internal resources.
- Automated data validation and business process improvements which improved department accuracy by 97% and reduced billing errors and rework of 2,000 lines of data.
- Reduced sales order processing cost by $1.33 per transaction for 69% improvement via process automations that decreased staffing requirements.
- Cut order-processing staff by 54% deferring $383,000 in salary expenses to other value-added initiatives.
Database Solutions for Special Programs:
Created point-of-sale database solution for 75 field sales representatives that improved big-ticket orders and tracked sales-cycle data from appointments to sales quotes through close of sale and order fulfillment.
- 2 systems monitored over 7,300 appointments, 88,000 quotes, and $99 million in sales fulfillment during year 1.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A magistrate commissioner on Wednesday ordered Michael Portis, accused of fatally shooting a Domino's delivery driver, to be held without bond on one count of first-degree murder.
Portis, 24, was booked in the death of Michael Price, a 36-year-old father of three gunned down March 24 in the Lower 9th Ward. Police have said the shooting happened before 1 a.m. in the 6100 block of North Roman Street in an apparent robbery.
According to court documents, police arrested Portis after Detective Travis Ward was contacted by a "known subject" who told him Portis had been the shooter. An arrest warrant says Ward found an unnamed witness who said he had seen Portis in the area of the shooting about four hours before Price was killed.
Ward testified Wednesday that police later searched Portis' home and confiscated his cellphone. He said data from the phone showed Portis was in the Lower 9th Ward about the time of the shooting.
Portis' attorney, Dennis Moore, argued there was not enough evidence for the authorities to hold Portis. He contended the witnesses in the case had been motivated by a Crimestoppers reward and that Ward failed to interview a key witness, but Commissioner Robert Blackburn found probable cause to order Portis jailed without bond.


text:
Question about Apple iPhone Smartphone
SYMPTOM: When I make a phone call, I need to either use a BT headphone or press the "speakerphone" softkey in order to hear the other party. When I raise the volume (side button) it says "headphone" on the display, but no headphones are plugged in.
CAUSE (this has been happening since...): I had the iPhone plugged into a mini jack cable that connects to the AUX function of my car. We were listening to music when driving when I received an incoming call. We were actually able to take the call on the car (via speakers and built-in mic in car, tho it was not in "hands free" mode), but ever since, I can't make a call and hear the other party by holding the phone up to my ear. It seems that the iPhone still thinks there is a phantom plug in the phono jack.
IDEAS for a solution?? Thanks
Posted by 4tune81 on
Making or answering calls is only possible when I turn the speaker on. On the other side of the line they are able to hear me, but the ear speaker is dead. I restored it to original settings - hoping for some software conflict to be the reason, but the problem remain. It may be an hardware malfunction of the ear speaker, but I still hope to find somebody with a software solution, since for some seconds I am able to listen in the ear speaker.
my phone just stopped working, they can hear me but i can not hear them, i don;t recall doing anything different.
Found this. Still didn't tried:
Posted on Jun 05, 2008
Find your solution from the list,
Apple Iphone Smartphone
Apple Iphone 3G
Apple iPod Touch Digital Media Player
Posted on Jul 13, 2010
If it still does this after a hard reset and a software restore, it's usually caused by a defective audio jack module, this should be covered under warranty. If you're not covered, you can try a iphone repair guide websites, there are also places that sell iphone parts.
Posted on May 19, 2009
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
a 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
the service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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50 Cent - We Up (Explicit) ft. Kendrick Lamar MP3
Buy Now! http://smarturl.it/WeUp Music video by 50 Cent performing We Up. (C) 2013 Shady Records/Aftermath Records/Interscope Records.
We Up
50 CentYeah, Uh huh I'm round the bullshit like a matador I'm used to the bullshit, it don't matter, boy Corporate acquisitions, accumulations of wealth Build with the gods and double knowledge of self Entrepreneur visions, Moulin Rouge religion That pussy make a weak nigga break down So what you want, the cheese or the cheeks? You want the cheeks but she want the cheese A bitch gotta eat I'm havin' the epiphany you niggas ain't shit to me Worse than the scum in the slum I'm from I'[...]
Lloyd Banks - Hands Up ft. 50 Cent MP3
Music video by Lloyd Banks performing Hands Up. (C) 2006 G Unit/Interscope Records.
Hands Up
Lloyd BanksPut 'em up Put 'em up, put 'em up, put 'em up Put 'em up Put 'em up, put 'em up, put 'em up 1- (50 Cent) Hands up! shorty when you party with me We goin' way past quarter to three I said hands up!, I'm good in the VIP I got my ammo right here with me I said hands up!, you know when you party with crooks You gotta learn to respect the jokes I said hands [...]
50 Cent - I'm The Man (ft. Sonny Digital) MP3
New track off of The Kanan Tape - available for download: http://smarturl.it/50ImTheMan Produced by Sonny Digital Connect: http://instagram.com/50cent ...
The Game, 50 Cent - Hate It Or Love It MP3
Music video by The Game, 50 Cent performing Hate It Or Love It. (C) 2005 Aftermath Entertainment/Interscope Records.
Jeremih - Down On Me ft. 50 Cent MP3
Music video by Jeremih performing Down On Me. (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
Down On Me
JeremihShe want it I can tell she want it Want me to push up on it 'Fore she know when I'm all on it We get the party going liquor flowing this is fire 50 and Jeremih number 1 there's nothing higher (won't you go and) Get it get it (I see you, baby) Work it work it (Won't you, just put it down) Get it get it Work it work it Break it, break it, down... O.K. she headed to the dancefloor and she slowly start to poppin' it S[...]
50 Cent - Outta Control ft. Mobb Deep MP3
Music video by 50 Cent performing Outta Control. (C) 2005.
Outta Control
50 Centfeat. Mobb Deep [Intro: Havoc] (50 Cent) It's the Infamous Mobb, M-O-B-B (Ha Ha) We can't be touched nigga can't you see (G-Unit!!!) [50 Cent]: You do you man cause me I'm 'gon do my thang (You know I do my thang) I'm a get my drink on and party like it's ok [Verse 1: 50 Cent] Trust me man it's ok bounce with me in slow mo When they hear the kid in the house it's like oh no 50 got 'em locin again, they open again Got 'em sippin on that juice and gin You could find me in the background burnin th[...]
50 Cent - 21 Questions ft. Nate Dogg MP3
Music video by 50 Cent performing 21 Questions. (C) 2003 Shady Records/Aftermath Records/Interscope Records.
21 Questions
50 CentNew York City You are now riding With 50 Cent You gotta love it I just wanna chill and twist a lot Catch stunts in my 7-45 You drive me crazy, shorty I Need to see you and feel you next to me I provide everything you need and I Like your smile, I don't wanna see you cry Got some questions that I gotta ask and I Hope you can come up with the answers babe Girl, it's easy to love me now Would you love me if I [...]
50 Cent - 9 Shots (Official Music Video) MP3
50 Cent releases the official music video for 9 SHOTS. Check out the mini movie and download the track now: http://smarturl.it/50Shots Connect: ...
Eminem - You Don't Know ft. 50 Cent, Cashis, Lloyd Banks MP3
Music video by Eminem performing You Don't Know. (C) 2006 Shady Records/Interscope Records.
You Don't Know
Eminem, 50 Cent, Ca$his & Lloyd Banks[ Intro ] Shady...Yeah.. Who run it? You know, you actin' like you don't know.. We run it.. You know but you actin' like you don't know.. Who run it? You know, you actin' like you don't know.. We run it.. You know but you actin' like you don't know.. [ Chorus ] You know, you actin' like you don't know I tear yo club up fo' sho This flow is gon' bring more dough And you know but actin' like you don't know [ Verse 1 ] [ 50 cent ] Now homie I say I run it run it cause I'm in control Hypnotic, hennessey, a couple shots of patrone I have you feelin' the hype, I get you high as a kite Party poppin' shorty said she's comin' with me tonight I ain't should[...]
50 Cent - P.I.M.P. (Snoop Dogg Remix) ft. Snoop Dogg, G-Unit MP3
Music video by 50 Cent performing P.I.M.P.. (C) 2003 Shady Records/Aftermath Records/Interscope Records.
50 Cent - Pilot MP3
Download now! http://smarturl.it/50_iTunes http://www.50cent.com Music video by 50 Cent performing Pilot. © 2014 G-Unit Records.
50 Cent - I'm The Man (Remix) (Explicit) ft. Chris Brown MP3
Listen to Chris Brown's remix of 50 Cent's hit song, "I'm The Man". Download the song : http://smarturl.it/50ImTheManRmx Stream the song: ...
50 Cent - Too Rich (Official Music Video) MP3
50 Cent releases the official music video for "Too Rich". New song off of The Kanan Tape. Download on iTunes: http://smarturl.it/TooRich Directed by Eif Rivera ...
50 Cent - No Romeo No Juliet (ft. Chris Brown) [Official Audio] MP3
50 Cent releases "No Romeo No Juliet" his new hit collab with Chris Brown! Off of Kanan Reloaded Available for download soon Track produced by Arthur ...
50 Cent - My Life ft. Eminem, Adam Levine MP3
Buy Now! http://smarturl.it/50MyLife Music video by 50 Cent performing My Life ft. Eminem & Adam Levine. © 2012 Interscope.
50 Cent - Just A Lil Bit MP3
Music video by 50 Cent performing Just A Lil Bit. (C) 2005 Shady Records/Aftermath Records/Interscope Records.
50 Cent - Window Shopper MP3
Music video by 50 Cent performing Window Shopper. (C) 2005 G Unit/Interscope Records.
Wisin & Yandel - Mujeres In The Club ft. 50 Cent MP3
Music video by Wisin & Yandel performing Mujeres In The Club. (C) 2009 Machete Music.
G-Unit - Poppin' Them Thangs (Explicit Version) MP3
Music video by G-Unit performing Poppin' Them Thangs. (C) 2003 G Unit/Interscope Records.
50 Cent - In Da Club (Woody's Produce Remix) MP3
TheSoundYouNeed - Music at its finest ll Website : http://www.thesoundyouneed.net ll Facebook : http://on.fb.me/12s8hhw ll Soundcloud : http://bit.ly/Ud6RVg ...


text:
Thu November 10 08:45 am 2016 in category Stock exchange releases
Nokian Tyres plc: Shares subscribed with option rights
Nokian Tyres plc Stock Exchange Release November 10, 2016, 8.45 a.m.
After 18 August 2016 registered new shares a total of 300 Nokian Tyres plc's shares have been subscribed with the 2013A option rights. These option rights are attached to the Nokian Tyres plc's Option Program of 2013.
New shares have been registered into the Trade Register on November 10, 2016, as of which date the new shares will establish shareholder rights.
The share capital will not increase with subscriptions made by 2013 option rights. The entire subscription price of EUR 8,358.00 will be entered in the invested unrestricted equity reserve. As a result of the share subscriptions, the number of Nokian Tyres plc shares will increase to 135,911,695 shares.
The shares will be traded on the Nasdaq Helsinki Ltd together with the old shares as of November 11, 2016.
Identifiers of Nokian Tyres plc's share after the registration of new shares:
Trading code: NRE1V
ISIN code: FI0009005318
Number of shares: 135,911,695
Share capital: 25,437,906.00 euros
Nokian Tyres plc
Antti-Jussi Tähtinen
Vice President, Marketing and Communications
Distribution: Nasdaq Helsinki Ltd, media, www.nokiantyres.com


text:
The Quahog Oil Refinery is the mass producer of Quahog, Rhode Island's oil, led by Bob Grossbeard.
In the episode "It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One", it was revealed that the company had been dumping its waste into Lake Quahog. To do so, they bribe Mayor Adam West by supplying him with hair gel. After Lois Griffin became mayor, she stopped the oil flow. However Grossbeard offered to buy her an expensive coat, in exchange for allowing the company to resume its waste depositing in the lake.


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Whether it was his coaches or his friends, everyone remembers the smile.
Joseph Alaniz, a 2014 graduate of Harker Heights who died in a car accident east of Marble Falls on Tuesday, always had that smile.
And for many, knowing Alaniz was always going to be there, with that big smile, was what separated him from the ordinary student.
"Especially with teenagers, and the ups and downs and all the emotions that kids go through, Joe was calming," said Robert Hagey, who coached Alaniz on the offensive line for four years in high school.
But that infectious personality wasn't just limited to his football teammates or his classmates.
"He welcomed me here," Heights head football coach Jerry Edwards said.
For his friends, the upbeat personality was just part of who Alaniz was, no matter the situation.
It was the type of personality that helped classmate and teammate Damaria Moon go from a difficult transition to a new school in eighth grade to a smooth one after just one lunch period, in which Alaniz and his friends embraced him on the second day of school.
And it was the type of personality that Tony Barnes, also a classmate and teammate, came to know in six years of friendship after meeting on the seventh-grade football team.
"The smile he always had on his face, that's always been Joe," Barnes said. "He's always been kind, he always helped anybody that needed help."
On Tuesday, Barnes did his best to help honor the memory of his friend, starting a Twitter movement in hopes that rapper J. Cole, whose music Alaniz loved dearly, might acknowledge one of his biggest fans.
On Wednesday, less than 24 hours later, the rapper responded, saying, "I'm sure he's somewhere smiling knowing he got friends like you."
For his friends and peers, the movement was the least they could do for someone who touched so many while he was alive.
It was only fitting that J. Cole mentioned the smile.
"That's just who Joseph was," Moon said. "His spirit was so moving that he knew somewhere that he had to touch as many souls as he could."


text: (new) lxinput_0.1.1-1~bpo50+2.diff.gz optional x11 (new) lxinput_0.1.1-1~bpo50+2.dsc optional x11 (new) lxinput_0.1.1-1~bpo50+2_i386.deb optional x11 a program to configure keyboard and mouse settings for LXDE LXInput is a program to configure keyboard and mouse settings for LXDE. Features: * Delay and Interval for character repeat * Enable/Disable beeps of keyboard input error * Swap left and right mouse buttons * Mouse acceleration and sensitivity (new) lxinput_0.1.1.orig.tar.gz optional x11 Changes: lxinput (0.1.1-1~bpo50+2) lenny-backports; urgency=low . * Rebuild for lenny-backports. Override entries for your package: Announcing to email@example.com Your package contains new components which requires manual editing of the override file. It is ok otherwise, so please be patient. New packages are usually added to the override file about once a week. You may have gotten the distribution wrong. You'll get warnings above if files already exist in other distributions.


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Category:New Jersey City University alumni
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Jersey City University alumni.
Alumni of New Jersey City University.
This category has only the following subcategory.
Pages in category "New Jersey City University alumni"
The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).


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"Fireproof" is an independent Christian-based film by Alex and Stephen Kendricks. The movie was filmed in 2007 for $500,000. It earned a staggering $33 million, making it the top-earning independent film in 2008. "Fireproof" was preceded by an earlier 2006 release titled "Facing the Giants" made for $100,000. The Kendricks brothers are able to make low budget films because they are shot almost exclusively in their hometown of Albany, Georgia. Christianity Today described "Fireproof" in the following way, "It was written by novice screenwriters, cast nearly entirely with amateurs, staffed largely by volunteers, and shot almost all on location."
Albany, Georgia
Albany is the Kendricks' hometown and their church the Sherwood Baptist Church. Hometown enthusiasm and support for the films is essential to filming a movie on a shoestring budget. The cast and crew for the film consisted of over 1,200 volunteers from the Albany area. The congregation of the Sherwood Baptist Church is 3,000, and many of the congregation volunteered to help with the movie. Volunteers included everyone from the actors, stage and set crews, to the caterers. Eight professional film technicians were hired to shoot the movie. The professionals agreed to work for less than scale reducing the overall costs of the movies. "Fireproof" was filmed at 16 locations around the Albany area.
Albany Fire Station
The primary character in "Fireproof" is a firefighter named Captain Caleb Holt, played by Kirk Cameron. Captain Holt is the fire chief in the town. The Albany Fire Department allowed the filmmakers to film at the Albany Fire Station free of charge. They also made a couple of fire trucks available for the movie. The fire station crew also provided technical support and expertise as well.
Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital
The second central character in the movie is Captain Holt's wife Catherine, played by Erin Bethea. The story focuses on their marriage. Erin wants a divorce, and Captain Holt is ready to give up on the marriage. His father intercedes by giving him a book to read titled "Dare to Love." Catherine is a nurse at the local hospital. The Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital in Albany donated a wing of the hospital as well as the cafeteria to the film.
Local Albany Homes
Since the central character in "Fireproof" is a firefighter it makes sense that the movie features a couple of dramatic fire scenes. Two local Albany homes were donated to the film. The homes were condemned and scheduled for demolition, but their donation helped keep down the overall budget for the film. A typical Hollywood production that includes similar fire scenes has to build a set or purchase homes to set afire.
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About MI-409040
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KVS Admit Card 2016-2017 PGT TGT Hall Ticket Exam Dates Available @ kvsangathan.nic.in
KVS Admit Card 2016-2017 uploaded for PGT TGT PRT on kvsangathan.nic.in site so kindly get your hall ticket/call letter & exam dates from it.
KVS TGT Group B Hall Ticket 2017: Kendriya Vidya Sangathan is all set to release its next publication after KVS Recruitment 2016. Its registration process has ended successfully so organization is about to commence its selection round. Aspirants who were looking for its admit card status can have a look at kvsangathan.nic.in. Still its exam date is not publish which is going to declare in upcoming days so stay updated to each & every updates of it.
According to sources it has come to know that written exam is likely going to be organized in month of November or December, 2016. It is advisable to all applicants that they should start their preparation in order to achieve good marks in it. For better performance in exam organization has also published its KVS PRT Syllabus 2016 where all information related to exam pattern, previous year papers etc. is given.
KVS Admit Card 2016-2017 Download
Name of Organization: Kendriya Vidya Sangathan (KVS)
Job Role: Primary Teacher, Trained Graduate Teacher, Post Graduate Teacher & Principal
Total number of Vacancies: 6205
Post wise Vacancies:
- Primary Teacher :- 2281
- Trained Graduate Teacher :- 926
- Post Graduate Teacher :- 690
- Principal :- 90
Job Location: All over India
Job Category: Govt. Job
Category: Admit Card/ Hall Ticket/ Call letter
Exam Date: November or December, 2016
Examination Name: Kendriya Vidya Sangathan Exam 2016
Mode of Examination: Online or Offline
Availability of Admit Card: In upcoming days
KVS TGT Group B Hall Ticket 2016
Last date for registration process was 17th October, 2016 so till then all interested plus eligible aspirants has applied for it. By looking at number of vacancies huge rush was noticed on its official website when its recruitment was announced. Those who are looking forward to make their career bright in teaching field should not miss this chance. Because this type of opportunity comes very rare so better to grab the chance.
KVS Primary Teacher Admit Card 2016: Since its exam date is not yet published still applicants can have a look at Current affairs, Hindi, English, Reasoning & Numerical Ability & Teaching Methodology. Total number of question will be 120 comprising weightage of 120 marks where total time duration for it will be 2 hours & 30 minutes. Question pattern for every post i.e. Principal, PGT, TGT is different so based on which you have applied kindly prepare accordingly.
Steps to download your KVS PRT Admit Card 2016-2017:
- First & foremost thing which every candidate has to do is referring official website of organization.
- From home page click on relevant link of it's admit card.
- Then enter your registration number & date of birth.
- You will be redirected to new window consisting hall ticket on your screen.
- Gather all information related to exam you can also download it.
Click Here To Download KVS Admit Card 2016-2017
Official Website: kvsangathan.nic.in
In upcoming days its exam date will be released so kindly stay tuned to our website for latest updates of KVS Admit Card 2016-2017. If any aspirant is having any questions/ queries then without any hesitation share it via below given comment box as one of our team member will get back to you at its earliest possible time.


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Michael Kors Ranger Wristlet
Wristlets are the essential accessory for going out... and this one will keep all of your necessities secure while adding a hot, edgy look to your outfit. Four great colors for every outfit and the patent leather will be easy to wipe the spilled drinks off of.
I have almost the exact same one, except mine has a pocket in the front, and a thicker chain. I adore it. It fits the world and you`ll feel like Mary Poppins pulling all of your things out of there.Tags: fashion, style, handbags, bags, black, blue, totes, accessories, Betsey JohnsonAdded 9 Years Ago from Macy's
I like how these came back into style. I hope they never go out of style and even if they do I'm still going to rock them!Tags: fashion, gifts, sunglasses, accessories, travel, retro, style, vintage, luxeAdded 9 Years Ago from Sunglassesonline


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Dr. Wesley Beemer MD Patient Reviews
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Ypsilanti, MI
Overall Rating
13 Patient Reviews
- Friendly Staff
- Promptness
- Wait Time 15 minutes
- Appropriate Followup
- Bedside Manner
- Fair and Accurate Diagnosis
- Easy Appointments
- Spends Time With Patients
Showing 1 - 12 reviews
5.0 of 5
October 20th, 2015
I have been going to Dr. Beemer for years. He delivered both my children, a daughter now 23 and son now 21. Both my children were c-sections and my daughter was an emergency c-section if not for Dr. Beemer inducing my labor because of high blood pressure, my daughter would not be here today. There was something wrong with the placenta which doesn't happen very often, but because they induced my labor hooked up to monitors they could the baby was in distress. He had my daughter out in 5 minutes. When I had my son he was scheduled c-section because I was at increased risk of the same thing happening. He was very kind and supportive. My husband and I trusted him completely! I also need to have hysterectomy years later after trying several other options. I do not regret have the surgery done at all. Dr. Beemer is great and highly recommend him.
1.0 of 5
February 1st, 2013
Would not recommend
Granted it has been 25 years since I went to Dr. Beemer, but he treated me like I was stupid. I thought I was going through menopause, but he said I was too young. I was 43 and suffering with various issues. He also told me I had a rare condition where the skin around my vaginal area was very thin and put me on med that was a concoction of several things that had to be mixed by a pharmacist. I didn't get better, and I went to my family doctor who had cured our family of many unusual problems... he did a hormone check and I WAS going through my change and had a simple yeast infection which he cured pronto. Also, a friend at work had surgery by Dr. B and shortly after she collapsed at work from some type of complications. I can't say it was the doctor's fault, but after my experience with him I would not trust him.
5.0 of 5
September 27th, 2011
Dr. Beemer is the first male gynecologist I went to based on ratings from various websites. He is a wonderful doctor. He is caring, thorough, and honest. I very highly recommend Dr. Beemer.
5.0 of 5
November 18th, 2016
3.0 of 5
December 19th, 2015
3.0 of 5
July 27th, 2015
4.0 of 5
March 18th, 2015
5.0 of 5
July 23rd, 2014
5.0 of 5
July 2nd, 2014
5.0 of 5
November 12th, 2010
5.0 of 5
September 30th, 2009
5.0 of 5
May 4th, 2009
Health Guides
Urinary Incontinence
Learn about the symptoms and causes of urinary incontinence or urge incontinence.
more health guides
Nearby Doctors
Dr. Wesley Beemer, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Ypsilanti, MI.
Ypsilanti, MI
Ypsilanti, MI
Ypsilanti, MI


text:
The alluring and distinctive sharp lines of the New Ibiza create an impression that's hard to resist. Its streamlined proportions gives it road presence that makes it really stand out from the crowd. The New SEAT Ibiza is beautiful both inside and out. Designed to give you an unbeatable driving experience, the high quality interior finish and advanced driving technology make it easier for you to enjoy the ride. You can also take comfort in the fact that you know you look great on the road with the exciting new colour packs available.
Finance example based on PCP finance for a new SEAT Ibiza FR
|49 months
|Cash Price
|48 Monthly Payment
|Deposit Contribution
|Amount of credit
|Final Payment
|optional fee
|Total Amount Payable
|Annual mileage
|Excess mileage charge
|3.6p per mile
For more information on this offer, fill in the enquiry form below or call and speak to one of our specialists on:
Dungannon: 028 8744 0405
Models shown for illustration purposes only. Price does not include metallic paint. Offer available until 30th June 2017. Terms and conditions apply.
**At the end of the agreement there are three options: i) own the vehicle: pay the optional final payment; ii) return the vehicle: subject to fair wear and tear, charges may apply; or iii) replace: part exchange the vehicle. Available on Solutions Personal Contract Plan. Finance is available to people aged 18 years or over, subject to status. Written quotations available on request. Indemnities may be required. This offer is not available in conjunction with any other offers and is correct at time of publication. Subject to availability. Retail sales only. Prices correct at time of printing. Freepost SEAT Finance. Offers may be varied or withdrawn at any time. Standard EU Test figures for comparative purposes and may not reflect real driving results. Official fuel consumption figures for the SEAT model range in mpg (litres/100km): urban 35.3 (8) – 72.4 (3.9); extra urban 52.3 (5.4) – 91.1 (3.1); combined 47.1 (6) – 85.6 (3.3). Combined CO2 emissions 158 – 87g/km.
All drivers must:


text:
- Services
- We strive to provide complete care for our patients. Learn more about all the services we provide.
At Carteret Vision, our goal is to provide the ultimate eye care experience for you, our patient, and make you the focus of everything we do. Personnel undergo optimal training and use cutting-edge technology in order to improve the visual performance of our patients and provide education on the importance of eye health. We are committed to providing the highest quality products and services to our community.
Here are just some of the many services we provide:
- Comprehensive eye exams
- Contact lens exams and fittings
- Glaucoma testing, treatment, and follow up care
- Eye infections
- Treatment of other eye diseases
- Referrals to outstanding specialists and surgeons for eye surgeries
- Surgical Post-Op visits done here in our office
- Beautiful optical showroom with largest inventory in the area
- In-House Optical laboratory means fastest service in the area
- Same day service on many eyeglass prescriptions
- Experienced frame stylists
- Licensed dispensing optician on staff
- Spanish speaking staff member(s)
- ASL fluent staff member
Eyecare Emergencies
At Carteret Vision, we understand that emergencies can always arise and often at the most inopportune times. We are always willing to work in eye emergencies such as eye infections, red eyes, sudden changes in vision, accidents or trauma to the eye on the day you call us or as soon as is possible for you. We also consider lost or broken glasses to be an emergency. If you have broken your glasses and we cannot repair them, we can almost always make you a new pair that will be ready that same day. If you need an eye exam before replacing your lost or broken glasses, we will work you in our schedule that day also. This service is especially helpful for vacationers to our area that may lose their glasses in the ocean!


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Black Star Started Pullets
Our chicks are vaccinated for Mareks and Coccidiosis and are kept in the brooder for 3-4 weeks depending on the outside temperature. When they arrive, they are given Gro Gel, warm water with Quick Chick and a little sugar dissolved. They are fed with an all-natural, GMO free feed. Around the time that they start jumping on the side boards of the brooders, we move them onto pasture. In the pasture they have free access to fresh grass, weeds, seeds and bugs.
To Use Free Shipping:
- Place Eligible items in your cart. Eligible items are marked on the product details page.
- During Checkout, select free shipping.
- Items shipped via free shipping may require up to 10 Business Days.
- If your order contains both free shipping items and other, ineligible items, you will be charged shipping for the ineligible items.
- Excludes items that are not marked by the free shipping statement.
- Applies to delivery addresses in the continental U.S. only. Free shipping is not available for Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands or Canada.
- We use various shipping carriers to deliver orders and a particular carrier may not be requested.
- We reserve the right to change or discontinue Free Shipping at any time.
How old will they be when shipped?
Our started pullets are 15-22 weeks of age, when shipped.
started pullets: how do they adjust to commercial layer pellets and a fenced in pen-no grass but surplus vegies.
They should adjust with time. You could try crushing some of the pellets and mixing it together so they have both textures at first. Our pullets have been on a ranging diet, but are supplemented with vegetables and greens.
5.0 / 5.0; 1 rating
Big, beautiful, friendly, great layersI ordered my two black star pullets last season. Once mature, they mellowed into excellent, friendly pets. They give us large brown eggs almost daily. When called, they are quick to come running. One of the two hens matured much larger than the other. Very pleased with them!
Black Star Started Pullets


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Heh: DNC members can't think of any Hillary accomplishments
Filed Under Politics | 7 Comments
Hillary Clinton is uniquely qualified to be president, according to Dems. It's just that she possesses so many qualifications that they can't think of any:
They forgot her biggest accomplishment of all: Marrying Bill Clinton. That and a magical ability to turn $1,000 into $100,000.
7 Responses to "Heh: DNC members can't think of any Hillary accomplishments"
backwoodsconservative on
March 5th, 2014 4:54 pm
She's the inevitable nominee for 2016, just like she was the inevitable nominee for 2008.
backwoodsconservative on
March 5th, 2014 5:01 pm
What difference does it make?!
Truesoldier__ on
March 5th, 2014 5:18 pm
Exactly. The Dem primary is going to be interesting to watch. Even if she does manage to secure the nomination this time around she is going to come out damaged. Don't think for a second that the other primary donks are going to pull in punches on Benghazi, her health or any of the other scandals that have plagued the Clintons over the years.
Truesoldier__ on
March 5th, 2014 5:19 pm
"hey forgot her biggest accomplishment of all: Marrying Bill Clinton."
I'm not sure if that would qualify. The argument could be made that the true political benefit went to Bill not Hillary.
backwoodsconservative on
March 5th, 2014 10:09 pm
It would have been all right if they had stuck to screwing each other and left the American people alone.
Marshall_Will on
March 6th, 2014 12:12 am
BWC said,
"She's the inevitable nominee for 2016, just like she was the inevitable nominee for 2008"
God that is DEPRESSING. Jason Mattera addressed this most aptly by simply asking "What is she going to 'run' ON? The same failed progressive policies that aren't working NOW?"
But as we've seen, there's really no END to dimmocrat spin? And what precisely would she DO w/ her pResidency? Let's be honest here guys, every economist worth listening to is calling Crash.
I think the real question, and whom should be on the *hotseat* is our corporations. Yo' Mr. Fortune 500 CEO, we're pretty freaking sure where Hillary stands! Question IS.., what are YOU going to do about it? Be like Doug's senile great uncle Warren B and throw in/buckle! Or stand up like a MAN? Cuzz' we'd kinda' like to know…
Marshall_Will on
March 6th, 2014 1:32 am
OT but truly amazing article on how O'Drama stole the election: Must read by Alice Marwick,
These same techniques were used to great effect by the Obama campaign before the 2012 election. Famously, the campaign recruited some of the most brilliant young experts in analytics and behavioral science, and put them in a room called "the cave" for sixteen hours a day.6 The chief data scientist for the campaign was an analyst who had formerly mined Big Data to improve supermarket promotions. This "dream team" was able to deliver microtargeted demographics to Obama—they could predict exactly how much money they would get back from each fund-raising e-mail. When the team discovered that East Coast women between thirty and forty were not donating as much as might be expected, they offered a chance to have dinner with Sarah Jessica Parker as an incentive.7 Every evening, the campaign ran 66,000 simulations to model the state of the election. The Obama analysts were not only using cutting-edge database marketing techniques, they were developing techniques that were far beyond the state of the art.
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- Intensity (1)
- ?
- Intensity (2)
- ?
- Speed
- controls the speed/rate of the LFO wave that controls the effect
PH-8 is a pedal with a "Big" sound. With 4 knobs of intensity, you can sculpt your sound from rising to falling or fast to slow.
- (2008-11-13) BIYANG PHASE EFFECT BY CHATREEO by Chatreeo
- (2011-10-07) Biyang PH-8 Phaser clean tone demo (mxr m107 phase 100 similiar) by oshaulen
- (1970-01-01) Biyang PH-8 Phaser by Michael Haze
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Andalou is an all natural product and I'm in love with this brand.
I always get these products from Well.ca
This product, Apricot Probiotic cleansing Milk is my facial cleanser during winter time. It is made for Dry & sensitive skin. It is very mild and cleanse your face really well. I have applied it on my wet face and also on dry and massage my face with it and rinse my face after a couple minutes. It's not harsh and doesn't sting when used on severely dry skin.
The only thing about the Andalou products I have purchased is the pump. when you are down to last half inch from the bottom of the bottle, The pump just stops working. For the cleansers it's no problem transferring them to another clean container but for the eye make up remover I am using, I find that I wasted probably another 3-5 uses because I ended up getting frustrated with the bottle and pump. I guess I could have cut the bottle. lol
Very gentle cleansing milk. It leaves my skin feeling fresh but not dry/tight. My only complaint is that it doesn't really remove makeup very well. I would ideally like an all in one product.
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.