text:
The neural correlates of picture naming facilitated by auditory repetition
Cognition and behavior
Overt repetition of auditorily presented words can facilitate picture naming performance in both unimpaired speakers and individuals with word retrieval difficulties, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms and longevity of such effects remain unclear. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether different neurological mechanisms underlie short-term (within minutes) and long-term (within days) facilitation effects from an auditory repetition task in healthy older adults.
The behavioral results showed that both short- and long-term facilitated items were named significantly faster than unfacilitated items, with short-term items significantly faster than long-term items. Neuroimaging analyses identified a repetition suppression effect for long-term facilitated items, relative to short-term facilitated and unfacilitated items, in regions known to be associated with both semantic and phonological processing. A repetition suppression effect was also observed for short-term facilitated items when compared to unfacilitated items in a region of the inferior temporal lobe linked to semantic processing and object recognition, and a repetition enhancement effect when compared to long-term facilitated items in a posterior superior temporal region associated with phonological processing.
These findings suggest that different neurocognitive mechanisms underlie short- and long-term facilitation of picture naming by an auditory repetition task, reflecting both phonological and semantic processing. More specifically, the brain areas engaged were consistent with the view that long-term facilitation may be driven by a strengthening of semantic-phonological connections. Short-term facilitation, however, appears to result in more efficient semantic processing and/or object recognition, possibly in conjunction with active recognition of the phonological form.
Word retrieval is often targeted clinically in the treatment of individuals suffering from the naming difficulties associated with post-stroke aphasia. One common form of word retrieval treatment involves repeating a target name in the presence of the target picture. This task is often framed as a phonological treatment and is assumed by some to improve word retrieval by targeting phonological representations. However, such a task may also improve word retrieval by increased semantic activation or strengthening of mappings between semantics and phonology
The spoken production of a picture name is a complex linguistic operation, requiring integration of perceptual, semantic, phonological and articulatory processes. Thus the ability to name an object involves multiple, functionally separable, sub-processes. During the semantic stage, successful word production requires the meaning of a picture to be activated within the semantic system, which is a store of word meanings
Importantly, our ability to successfully activate, select and produce a specific name can be positively influenced by certain factors. By way of example, two of these intrinsic factors include frequency and age of acquisition. Word frequency refers to the number of times a particular word occurs in spoken or written English and pictures that have names occurring more frequently are named faster than those occurring less frequently
Contrasting views exist in the behavioral literature, however, regarding the locus of priming using an auditory repetition task. It has been suggested that this is a phonologically-based task, which facilitates subsequent naming by priming the word form representation, made available during the phonological stage
A number of neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural regions engaged by the different component processes of word production by manipulating the phonological or semantic processing involved, often within a repetition priming context. Relevant to the present study is the body of research attempting to identify the brain regions selectively engaged by phonological processing. This research has employed pictures, real words and nonwords in a variety of visual and auditory tasks, including picture naming
Two neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms mediating very long-lasting facilitation of picture naming. In a study by van Turennout et al.
Meister et al.
In an effort to build upon previous research and discriminate between competing claims regarding the basis and longevity of repetition priming, the present study used fMRI to investigate the neurocognitive substrates underlying facilitation of word retrieval by a phonological technique. The auditory repetition task utilized in this study was performed in the presence of a picture and was used to facilitate subsequent overt naming of the same picture over long (within days) and short (within minutes) time frames. Importantly, the three main naming conditions of interest were presented in a single scanning session. It was hypothesized that any short-term facilitation effects should primarily engage regions associated with phonological processing, indicative of the fact that temporary facilitation may be occurring at the phonological level of processing. On the basis of previous neuroimaging research
Twenty-one (12 female) healthy older adults (average age 56.9, SD = 9.5, range 38 to 74 years) were recruited to participate in the study. The average educational level of participants was 16.3 years (SD = 4.1, range 10 to 25 years). Participants received no direct financial benefit, but were reimbursed for travel costs. All were right handed, had normal or corrected to normal vision and were native speakers of English. Exclusionary criteria included significant hearing loss (identified by pure tone audiometry screening), any neurological disease or disorder, mental illness, a history of alcohol abuse, as well as the presence of any metal objects within the body, or other contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, participants were tested for visual acuity, screened for cognitive impairment with the Mini-Mental State Examination
The 60 experimental stimuli and 12 practice stimuli were sourced from the Hemera digital photographic database (Hemera Photo-Objects, Hemera, Hull, Canada) and other royalty-free digital stock photographs across ten broad semantic categories (including objects, animals, food, clothing, people, vehicles, tools, places, natural phenomena, and body/animal parts). All images were photographs of approximately the same size (no larger than 500 × 420 pixels) with a consistent white background canvas size (600 × 600 pixels). The images were grey-scaled with an average luminance of 223.68 candela per m2 (SD = 19.84, range 151.44 to 253.67). Mean reaction times and percentage name agreement data was obtained from the International Picture Naming Project database
The study utilized a single independent factor of facilitation (short-term facilitated, long-term facilitated, or unfacilitated), with picture naming accuracy, reaction times and neural activity as measured by fMRI as primary dependent variables of interest. The entire experiment was conducted over the course of approximately two weeks and involved two main phases (see Figure
Figure 1
A summary of the presentation of randomized stimuli
A summary of the presentation of randomized stimuli.
The second phase (testing phase) was performed during an fMRI scanning session, with all three sets of stimulus items presented, plus an additional 20 items as non-critical fillers for naming. The behavioral task for the testing phase was created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Naming responses were digitally recorded (sampling rate 11 kHz) with an optical single channel noise cancelling microphone (FOMRI, Optoacoustics Ltd., Or-Yehuda, Israel). The experimental stimuli were enlarged and back-projected onto the centre of a luminous white screen that the participants viewed through a mirror mounted on the head coil and subtended approximately 10° of visual arc. fMRI sessions were conducted in three runs, with two runs of 35 individual trials and one run of 30 trials, resulting in 100 trials in total. Each trial lasted 14.7 s and consisted of a 250 ms period of blank screen, followed by presentation of a target picture displayed for a period of 3 s. This was followed by a blank screen for 9.45 s, then a fixation point (+) displayed for 2 s to mark the commencement of the following trial. The long-term facilitation set of items, which were previously presented during the facilitation sessions, were presented again in the scanner to investigate any long-term facilitation effects (with no more than two days between the final facilitation session and scan). The short-term facilitation set of items were presented twice within the scanner (in different random order): once as a prime, along with the auditory name of that item, for overt repetition by participants and then presented again as a target (within a lag of 6 to 12 trials, average 10 trials) for naming to investigate any short-term facilitation effects (over a period of no more than 3 min). A set of unfacilitated items were also presented once within the scanner as a baseline for comparison purposes. Stimuli were presented pseudo-randomly in blocks of five trials per condition (long-term facilitated condition, short-term facilitated prime and target conditions, and unfacilitated condition), interspersed across the course of the scanning session. Stimuli were presented in blocks so that participants could be prepared for each type of task and thereby minimize any effects of constant task switching. In this regard, at the commencement of each trial block of five items, either the word "Name" (for main naming conditions of interest and filler items) or the word "Repeat" (for short-term facilitated prime items) was displayed in the centre of the screen to provide task instructions to participants.
Image acquisition
Images were acquired using a 4-Tesla Bruker MedSpec whole body scanning system (Bruker Medical, Ettingen, Germany). The system utilized a transverse electromagnetic head coil
Data processing
Incorrect responses and naming trials which elicited no response from participants (4.35% of responses), as well as data for the short-term facilitation primes, were treated as trials of no interest. Images were processed and analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (Version 5) software (SPM5, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK) with MATLAB 2009a (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA). During spatial pre-processing the image time series were first realigned using rigid body motion correction with INRIAlign
Data analysis
Specific hypothesis-driven regions of interest (ROIs) were based upon the findings of various language-related meta-analyses, including Vigneau et al.
Behavioral results
Naming latencies and accuracy data during the testing phase of the study are presented in Figure
Figure 2
Phonological facilitation effects in behavioral data
Phonological facilitation effects in behavioral data. Error bars indicate standard error mean.
Imaging results
Of the nine left hemisphere cortical ROIs examined, two showed significant differences in activation for key contrasts of interest following FDR correction (see Figure
Figure 3
Region of interest analysis
Region of interest analysis. Figure displays the a priori defined regions of interest within which significant differences in activation (
Table 1
MNI coordinates of peak activation.
Contrast Description and Anatomical Label
Short-Term > Unfacilitated:
right insula
Short-Term > Long-Term:
left superior temporal gyrus
Unfacilitated > Short-Term:
left inferior occipital gyrus extending to inferior temporal gyrus
Unfacilitated > Long-Term:
left middle temporal gyrus
Peak activation from the whole brain analyses (
Figure 4
Whole brain analyses
Whole brain analyses. Regions showing significant BOLD response for contrasts of interest (at
The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term facilitation of overt picture naming using an auditory repetition task, in order to determine the neurocognitive substrates underlying facilitation from phonological tasks over time in healthy aging adults. It was hypothesized that short-term facilitation effects should engage regions associated with phonological processing, and that long-term facilitation may involve brain areas linked to both semantic and phonological processing. The present study found that long-term facilitation was indeed driven by modulation of activity in regions associated with both phonological (left posterior superior temporal gyrus) and semantic processing (left middle temporal gyrus). However, short-term facilitation was primarily associated with decreased activity in an area known to be involved in semantic processing and object recognition (left occipitotemporal region). Modulation of activity in areas associated with semantic processing may be due to the fact that both semantic and phonological processing occur to some degree with most language-related tasks
The behavioral results (see Figure
Neuroimaging results revealed decreased activity for facilitated conditions in both phonological and semantic regions, which could be attributed to "repetition suppression" - a relative decrease in cortical activity following repeated presentation of a stimulus, reflecting greater processing efficiency
Repetition suppression for facilitated items
Decreased activation for facilitated items was identified in three temporal regions: the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri. This finding is largely consistent with previous picture naming studies investigating long lasting facilitation of naming, which have documented a decrease in activity for previously encountered items in occipitotemporal regions
Both analyses also identified decreases in activation for short-term facilitated items relative to unfacilitated items in the inferior temporal region. The ROI analyses showed this decrease in activity within the posterior inferior temporal gyrus and the whole brain analyses identified a reduction in activity in the left inferior occipital gyrus, extending to the inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, the whole brain analyses identified a decrease in activation for long-term facilitated items when compared to unfacilitated items in the middle temporal gyrus. Both the middle and inferior temporal gyri are thought to be involved in lexical selection, where the lexical entry that matches a picture representation is accessed and selected
In summary, a repetition suppression effect for long-term facilitated items was identified in regions associated with both phonological and semantic processing, supporting our hypotheses and the view that a strengthening of semantic-phonological connections may be associated with longer lasting facilitation. An auditory repetition task in the presence of the picture appears to have resulted in more efficient activation and selection of both semantic and phonological representations. In contrast to our hypotheses, however, for short-term facilitated items a repetition suppression effect was found only within the inferior occipitotemporal region, suggesting that short-term facilitation of naming was primarily driven by semantic processing, as well as object recognition processes.
Repetition enhancement for facilitated items
The facilitatory effects related to tasks based on priming are generally associated with a relative decrease in neural activity due to greater processing efficiency
Other functional neuroimaging studies based on repetition priming have also found increased activity in the superior temporal region, in some cases for repeated, rather than novel stimuli with parallel reductions in response latencies
An increase in neural activity to stimulus presentation is often reported where additional cognitive processing is required
Finally, the whole brain results identified greater activation for short-term facilitated than unfacilitated items in the right insula. The left insula region has been linked to the planning and coordination of overt speech articulation
This study did not aim to examine age-related changes in processing, however, effects of age on priming were examined in order to exclude ageing as a potential confound. Previous research has shown an age-related decline in picture naming ability
As previously mentioned, the type of task employed in the current study is similar to those used in clinical treatments of word retrieval deficits in aphasia. Consideration of the mechanisms underlying the facilitation of unimpaired picture naming has the potential to inform the therapeutic facilitation of naming in the recovery and reorganization of word production abilities following acquired neurological injury. At present any neuroplasticity associated with the treatment of word retrieval in aphasia is considered in the context of brain mechanisms engaged during standard picture naming, but not in terms of normal priming mechanisms which may be more relevant to naming treatment effects. In this regard, further research should explore the effects of a variety of facilitation techniques in unimpaired speakers, and investigate how these effects can be utilized in the treatment of word production disorders in neurological populations.
These results suggest that different neurocognitive mechanisms underlie short- and long-term facilitation of naming with an auditory repetition task. Our findings add to the debate stemming from behavioral studies as to whether facilitation from phonological tasks is occurring at the level of word form representation, or through strengthening the connections between semantic and phonological levels of processing. It appears that in the long-term, facilitation of subsequent naming elicits repetition suppression effects in regions associated with both semantic and phonological processing, reflecting a strengthening of semantic-phonological connections. Finally, short-term facilitation effects appear to be driven primarily by the semantic or object-based aspects of the task, with repetition suppression effects restricted to a region associated more strongly with semantics and object recognition. This short-lived facilitation may be contributed to by a repetition enhancement effect in a phonological region, possibly associated with active recognition of the phonological form.
Authors' contributions
SH contributed to study design, performed behavioral and neuroimaging testing, conducted data analyses and interpretation, and wrote the manuscript. KM contributed to the design of the study, oversaw neuroimaging data collection, contributed to analyses and interpretation, and revised the manuscript. LN contributed to study design, assisted with interpretation of results and revised the manuscript critically for intellectual content. AA helped to design the study and revise the manuscript for intellectual content. AM contributed to study design, assisted with data collection and analysis, as well as helped to revise the manuscript. SvH and KJ were involved with data collection and analysis. DC was responsible for the conceptualization and design of the study, contributed to statistical analyses, assisted with interpretation of results and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Recruitment of participants was conducted through the University of Queensland's 50 Plus Registry. The authors thank Associate Professor Greig de Zubicaray for his assistance in study design and data analysis. The authors also thank neuroradiographers Peter Hobden, Kathleen Borg and Aiman Al Najjar for their contribution, as well as Eril McKinnon for her assistance in data collection and analysis. This work was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery grant (grant number DP0880556). Copland was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Award - Clinical and Nickels by a National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Research Fellowship.
Cognitive neuropsychology and aphasia therapy: the case of word retrieval
Right hemisphere activation in recovery from aphasia: lesion effect or function recruitment?
Improving word finding: practice makes (closer to) perfect?
A theory of lexical access in speech production
Spoken word production
Cognitive neuropsychological approaches to rehabilitation of language disorders: introduction
The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of verbal fluency and confrontation naming using compressed image acquisition to permit overt responses
Human brain language areas identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional MRI of language: new approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing
The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects
Renewal of the neurophysiology of language: functional neuroimaging
Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas: phonology, semantics, and sentence processing
Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies
Prefrontal cortical response to conflict during semantic and phonological tasks
Dorsal and ventral streams: a framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language
Three distinct ventral occipitotemporal regions for reading and object naming
Age of acquisition, word frequency, and the locus of repetition priming of picture naming
Response latencies in naming objects
Age of acquisition norms for a large set of object names and their relation to adult estimates and other variables
Word frequency and age of acquisition as determiners of picture-naming latency
Age and age of acquisition: an evaluation of the cumulative frequency hypothesis
Very long-lasting priming in picture naming
Persistent repetition priming in picture naming and its dissociation from recognition memory
The locus of repetition priming of spoken word production
Abstractionist versus episodic theories of repetition priming and word identification
Specificity of priming: a cognitive neuroscience perspective
Dissociating stimulus-driven semantic and phonological effect during reading and naming
Modulation of neural activity during object naming effects of time and practice
The neural correlate of very-long-term picture priming
A neural signature of phonological access: distinguishing the effects of word frequency from familiarity and length in overt picture naming
The left posterior superior temporal gyrus participates specifically in accessing lexical phonology
Segregating semantic from phonological processes during reading
Neural systems for reading aloud: a multiparametric approach
Different roles of cytoarchitectonic BA 44 and BA 45 in phonological and semantic verbal fluency as revealed by dynamic causal modelling
Functional MRI evidence for a role of frontal and inferior temporal cortex in amodal components of priming
Orthographic/phonological facilitation of naming responses in the picture-word task: an event-related fMRI study using overt vocal responding
A systematic investigation of the functional neuroanatomy of auditory and visual phonological processing
A procedure for identifying regions preferentially activated by attention to semantic and phonological relations using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex
Meta-analyses of object naming: effect of baseline
Neuroimaging studies of priming
Functional-anatomic correlates of object priming in humans revealed by rapid presentation event-related fMRI
Neuroanatomical organization of perceptual memory: an fMRI study of picture priming
Long-lasting cortical plasticity in the object naming system
Neural mechanisms for visual memory and their role in attention
"Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version
A new on-line resource for psycholinguistic studies
MRC psycholinguistic database: machine-usable dictionary, version 2.00
An associative thesaurus of English and its computer analysis
Computerised treatment of anomia in acute aphasia: treatment intensity and training size
Detunable transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coil for high-field NMR
Utilizing hemodynamic delay and dispersion to detect fMRI signal change without auditory interference: the behavior interleaved gradients technique
Assessing the influence of scanner background noise on auditory processing: an fMRI study comparing three experimental designs with varying degrees of scanner noise
Image distortion correction in EPI: comparison of field mapping with point spread function mapping
What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI time series?
3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes
Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox
Region of interest analysis for fMRI
Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain
AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages
Neuroimaging evidence for dissociable forms of repetition priming
Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus-specific effects
Repetition suppression and semantic enhancement: an investigation of the neural correlates of priming
Neural response suppression, haemodynamic repetition effects, and behavioural priming
The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging
The functional neuroanatomy of language
An event-related fMRI investigation of implicit semantic priming
Perceptual specificity in visual object priming: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a laterality difference in fusiform cortex
Object shape processing in the visual system evaluated using functional MRI
Role of left posterior superior temporal gyrus in phonological processing for speech perception and production
Towards a functional neuroanatomy of speech perception
Regional cerebral blood flow during object naming and word reading
The neural correlates of language production
A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation
The anatomy of language: a review of 100 fMRI studies published in 2009
The contribution of the insula to motor aspects of speech production: a review and a hypothesis
Aging and language production
A meta-analytic procedure shows an age-related decline in picture naming: comments on Goulet, Ska, and Kahn (1994)
Word retrieval failures in old age: the relationship between structure and function
Age-related changes in word retrieval: role of bilateral frontal and subcortical networks
Lexical priming deficits as a function of age
Word-stem completion priming in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease: the effects of age, cognitive status, and encoding
Repetition priming in aging and Alzheimer's disease: an integrative review and future directions
Age differences in implicit memory: conceptual, perceptual, or methodological?
Priming effects from young-old to very old age on a word-stem completion task: minimizing explicit contamination


text:
Beats Studio 2 Wireless Headphones - Metallic Sky
Music as a companion
With wireless headphones over his ears Beats by Dr. Dre Studio rip music from your iPhone, iPad or iPod true freedom of speech. While listening, you can move freely, because connecting via Bluetooth has a range of over 10 m. Directly from the headphones can also manage calls, move songs or adjust the volume.
Awake your music
Beats Acoustic Engine brings intimate and real contact with music. DSP Software provides exactly the emotional value that you would like Dr. Dre, Jimmy Iovine and other stars of the music industry from all genres (rock, hip-hop, pop, electronic music and R & B) approach.
Calm down for a while around the world
Calm down the ambient sounds of the daily commute or dramas of your noisy neighbors - with dual technology of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC Adaptive Noise Canceling) Beats headphones indulge in silence without compromise. When listening to music technology automatically balances the ANC and listening to sounds. If you want to use headphones to isolate the pure ambient noise mode "Only the ANC" automatically increases the level of noise suppression at maximum.
Which batteries?
You can enjoy listening to your favorite long-term rhythms i - an integrated rechargeable battery provides 12 hours of battery life in wireless mode handsets and 20 hours of battery life when you connect the cable. The battery status is displayed in a conspicuous indicators. In addition to this new headphones Studio almost anywhere charged via a standard micro USB adapter.
Lighter, stronger and more comfortable
When the company decided Beats introduce a new version of the legendary headphones, proceeded to design a beautiful sports cars and chose very carefully. A new model of headphones Beats Studio operates cleanly: markedly rounded, smooth surface and no visible screws. Headphones now weighs less than the original model and are lighter, stronger and more comfortable headband. Ear pads are softer and headphones feature an ergonomic bellows through which flexibly adapts to different shapes of heads. Music so you can have all to yourself.
Main Features
- New Beats Studio headphones are now available in a wireless version
Beats Acoustic Engine with accurate sound reproducing music exactly as the artist intended
- Rechargeable battery offers 12 hours endurance performance when connected via Bluetooth and up to 20 hours when connected directly to iOS devices
- Technology ANC isolate the outside world in two modes
- Battery status is displayed in a conspicuous indicator
What in the box
- Wireless headphones over his ears Beats by Dr. Dre Studio
- Cable with remote control
- Audio cable 3.5 mm
- Cable with USB 2.0 (USB-A to USB Micro-B)
- USB Power Adapter
Technical Specifications
Frequency Response: 20 Hz - 20 kHz
Other functions: Active noise reduction, microphone with playback control on the cable, Wireless
Design: Over the Ear
Rugged Carrying Case
Logistics Information
|Nr. of pcs in package
|Weight (kg)
|Dimensions (cm)
|Length (cm)
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GWENDY'S BUTTON BOX - A Brand New Castle Rock Novella
"HEARTS IN SUSPENSION" - Signed by Stephen King. Priced at $350.
Lettered Edition
First Edition, First Impression
First State Proof
5 stars
Jul 18th 2017
Gerald Winters
Jul 14th 2017
Gerald Winters
May 30th 2017
Gerald Winters
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JEE5 and Netbeans
In my entry "Over Eclipsed?" I wondered where a the advantages of SWT over Swing. The comments of the entry pointed out, that the readers were more interested in the comparison between eclipse and netbeans IDEs. If you are intested in netbeans, there is a great demo of the netbeans evangelist: Roman Strobl.
NEW workshop: HTML 5 and JavaScript Essentials, Three days in April 2017: from Java EE 7 Architectures over Microservices to Performance, Troubleshooting and Monitoring
On demand workshops: Java EE 7: Bootstrap, Effective, Testing and Microservices available for streaming.
Newsletter: airhacks.news


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Design Engineer
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Pensa is a boutique design consulting firm specializing in strategy, product design, invention and engineering development. We pride ourselves in our work and now we are looking for more folks to help us deliver even more awesomeness. We are looking for a Design Engineer to join our team in DUMBO Brooklyn, NYC full time.
Do you: like to tinker, break apart perfectly good products to see how they work, have no fear of voiding warranties while hacking into electronics? Are you an unabashed geek with keen eye for elegant solutions and a love of design? Then you may be a perfect fit for the job.
It's quite possible Chelsea Vandiver is one of the most knowledgeable people we could ask about what it takes to get a gig at Portland-based Ziba. An employee at the design agency for almost 20 years, Vandiver has worked her way up to the very top and been the Executive
2017 is officially in full swing! For some of you, that means you're just starting up at your new job, and for others it means embarking on another year of a job you either love or hate. If you happen to fall into any of these categories, we need your
Passionate about design, social media, and writing engaging editorial content? Then our winter internship might be for you! This internship offers a wealth of experience in editorial research, metric tracking, copywriting and editing (not to mention hanging with us in the New York office!) We're currently looking for an
Self-driving Teslas and beer delivery trucks are cool. They will also contribute to the obliteration of an entire class of jobs, with a cascading effect; if truck drivers disappear, there's no need for the things truck drivers spend their money on between points A and B. "Truck stop waitress" is
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Pensa is a bo...","social_excerpt":"","title":"Pensa is Seeking a Design Engineer in New York, NY","lead_image_large_url":"http://s3files.core77.com/blog/images/lead_n_spotlight/lead_400_23703_.jpg","lead_image_small_url":"http://s3files.core77.com/blog/images/lead_n_spotlight/lead_small_23703_.jpg","url_name":"","channels":[{"id":1,"channel_id":0,"name":"Home Page","is_public":false,"url_name":"Home-Page","active":false,"number_of_featured_to_show":0,"show_featured_slider":false,"site_id":0,"system_channel":true,"order_no":1,"user_id":0,"modified_by":0,"created_on":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","status":5,"is_a_user_interest":false,"is_top_level":false,"number_of_posts":0,"users_channel_manage":[],"users_accessible":[],"auto_accept":false,"can_be_submitted_to":false,"is_collection":false,"collection_order_no":0},{"id":67,"channel_id":0,"name":"Jobs","is_public":false,"url_name":"Jobs","active":false,"number_of_featured_to_show":0,"show_featured_slider":false,"site_id":0,"system_channel":false,"order_no":1,"user_id":0,"modified_by":0,"created_on":"0001-01-01T00:00:00","status":5,"is_a_user_interest":false,"is_top_level":false,"number_of_posts":0,"users_channel_manage":[],"users_accessible":[],"auto_accept":false,"can_be_submitted_to":false,"is_collection":false,"collection_order_no":0}],"user_profile":{"user_id":182,"first_name":"Coroflot","last_name":"Jobs","handle":"coroflot","email":"firstname.lastname@example.com","avatar_url":"http://s3files.core77.com/users/avatars201469_182_avatar_40_0DJCn2fn_.png","avatar_medium_url":"http://s3files.core77.com/users/avatars201468_182_avatar_80_WlPr_BPF_.png","number_of_published_posts":0},"published_into_channel_on":"2012-10-23T07:00:00","spotlight_image_large_url":"","spotlight_image_small_url":"","legacy_url":"http://www.core77.com/blog/jobs/pensa_is_seeking_a_design_engineer_in_new_york_ny_23703.asp","title_image_large_url":"","title_image_small_url":""} var this_post = new Post_Public({ container_id: "#post", data: this_post_json }); this_post.init(); });
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Empowering Nurses in Vietnam
Did you know that 90% of healthcare is delivered by nurses? Angeline Chaipa from Moorfields Eye Hospital, is curently in Vietnam and has just completed a week of training nurses in Can Tho. To celebreate International Nurses Day, she has written this special report to update us on how she got on during her very first volunteer assignment with us.
My name is Angeline Chaipa. For the last week I have been working with Orbis as a voluntary nurse in Can Tho, Vietnam. I am having a great time with an amazing group of nurses and doctors and the rest of Orbis team and crew. It is really a mini United Nations team with staff from different countries such as Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, Kenya, Hong Kong, Mexico, Philippines, Peru, South Africa, UK, USA and Zimbabwe just to mention a few.
I left London on Friday 5th of May for Vietnam. I was a bit anxious about the trip since it was my first time to travel to that part of Asia and I had to connect at Hanoi International Airport to my final destination, Can Tho city. To my surprise when I got to Hanoi, the airport staff were already waiting with names of transit passengers. They helped me with my flight connection and that made me very comfortable and I felt very welcomed to Vietnam.
When I got to Can Tho, the hotel staff were excellent .We had a staff nurse meeting after breakfast, where all Orbis and other voluntary nurses welcomed me and the head nurse Angela Purcell was superb. After the staff meeting, she showed me around the city and I was thrilled by how local people were so friendly and helpful with the directions even with their little or no understanding of English.
Sunday was the first working day at the local Can Tho Eye Hospital. I was allocated to oculoplastics clinic for patient screening, peadatrics and adults. I really enjoyed the clinic, the kids were lovely and the parents were very appreciative. It was such a good experience since we had to communicate through translators who would then translate every word into Vietnamese because of the language barrier.
The following day until my last day, I was working on the Flying Eye Hospital. Angela took me around and orientated me. The plane is amazing and it looks like any normal hospital theatre in UK or USA. I was working in the recovery room with an Orbis staff nurse and two local hands on trainee nurses from Can Tho Eye Hospital. We were teaching them how to properly recover patients post general and local anaesthesia. The patients were children and adults post glaucoma and oculoplastics surgery. The children's parents were very grateful and could not stop thanking us for the good job we were all doing, and as a nurse that was so fulfilling. The local hands on trainee nurses were a great pleasure to teach, they asked so many questions which showed that they were eager to learn new skills.
The theme of the program is to enhance and empower local nurses and doctors to improve their theoretical and practical knowledge in ophthalmic conditions. I feel so privileged and proud to be part of the Orbis team in helping to prevent and promote public eye health in the world. 80% of blindness and low vision in developing countries can be prevented if detected early and this is where we Orbis nurses and doctors come in.
A massive thank you to Angeline and all our amazing volunteers. If you're feeling inspired by Angeline why not sign-up to hear more about the fight against avoidable blindness.


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A pandal is structure, either temporary or permanent, in a religious context.
In Hinduism, it is a temporary structure set up to venerate the goddess Durga during Durga Puja.
In Sri Lanka, Vesak thorang pandals are set up during the Vesak festival, with illuminated panels illustrated with episodes from the life of the Gautama Buddha. Pandals are also set up during Gammaduwa (village rebirth) festivals, honouring the goddess Pattini.
Pandal (mandat in Burmese) also refers to platforms from which people splash water during the Buddhist festival Thingyan.
A pandal can also be a ceremonial gate, built to welcome visitors.
External links
|This Hinduism-related article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.
|This Buddhism-related article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.


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Category Archives: Find information - p2
The Birds and the Bees Appy Hour – April 6, 12pm
It's SPRING and the birds and the bees are inviting YOU to Appy Hour! Appy Hour will be on Wednesday, April 6, 12-1pm. We will meet in the Garden Level of the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library.
Life and Limb: The toll of the American Civil War
The Eccles Library is hosting the NLM traveling exhibit, Life and Limb: The Toll of the American Civil War. The exhibit will be on display until Saturday, January 30, 2016, in the portrait area on the Main Level . More information about the exhibit can be found on the NLM exhibit website.
Ask and solve daily problems! How can you participate? Ask: Identify a problem by using #asksolve on Twitter. Ask: See a problem or design flaw? Tweet it and use #asksolve. Solve: If you have a solution, simply reply to another person's #asksolve tweet. We hope that this hashtag will spark ideas for new solutions, especially […]
January Appy Hour Recap
On Wednesday, January 6, 2016, Appy Hour traveled to the University Hospital's Pharmacy conference room. Erin Fox, the Director of Drug Information Services, demoed both the web-based and app versions of Micromedex and LexiComp.
Appy Hour- January 6, 2016, 2-3pm
College of Pharmacy Grand Rounds Wednesday, January 6, 2016, 2:00-3:00 PM Hospital Pharmacy Conference room (A-050) Relax and chat with your College of Pharmacy colleagues for a mid-afternoon coffee and cookie break! Drug-related apps and a few other apps will be shared. For more information, please visit http://bit.ly/UAppyHour. Special thanks to our partner – the […]
Changes to PubMed Full-Text Linking
New and improved method for finding full-text articles from PubMed. Update your bookmarks and your MyNCIB preferences.
Attention EndNote Users: New Authentication Link
New authentication link, October 2015. EndNote program users please update the Authentication link in Full Text Preferences. Open URL Path = http://bit.ly/uu-fulltext Authenticate with = https://login.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/ – for Windows: go to Edit >Preferences > Find Full Text – for Mac: go to EndNote > Preferences > Find Full Text Copy & paste URLs into relevant […]
Available NOW!! EMBASE Searching for the UU Community
You asked for it. We got it!! The Eccles Library is excited to announce that Embase is now available to University of Utah faculty, staff, and students. Are you searching for reliable, peer-reviewed information on topics such as … Drug development or use Toxicology Drug safety / adverse reactions Clinical trials Evidence-based medicine Medical devices […]
Citations Galore!! EMBASE Arrives at UU on Aug. 1st!
The Eccles Library is pleased to announce that Embase will soon join the growing list of online resources available to University of Utah faculty, staff, and students. With extensive international journal and conference coverage, Embase is a key resource for generating systemic reviews, supporting effective evidence-based medicine and drug and medical device tracking. Embase includes over […]
Appy Hour Recaps: March and May
On Tuesday, March 17, Amanda Truong, a School of Medicine student, presented "VisualDx". VisualDx is a "decision support software designed by clinicians to aid medical professionals in the diagnosis of visually identifiable diseases." Amanda is very interested in dermatology and discovered the app while working in Ghana with the University of Utah's Department of Dermatology. […]


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Arvada III was a Class M planet. By the early 24th century, it was a Federation colony. The original colonists arrived in Brisbane-class vessels. In the 2330s, Arvada was the site of a terrible disaster that claimed the lives of many colonists. Felisa Howard and her granddaughter, Beverly were among the survivors, and the elder Howard's knowledge of folk medicine saved many lives. (TNG: "The Arsenal of Freedom", Starship Recognition Files 2)
Background informationEdit
The exact nature of the Arvada III disaster is not made clear in canon. In the DS9 Relaunch novel Demons of Air and Darkness, Elias Vaughn refers to it as a "genocidal holocaust," whereas the subsequent novel Death In Winter paints a vastly different picture of a crashed alien ship and a biological contagion. The makers of the Star Trek: Generations PC game connected the tragedy with the Erselrope Wars, due to the unrelated discussion of both incidents in the episode "The Arsenal of Freedom".


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If vacation is about leaving all the stresses of everyday life behind, then YPL is an exemplar. The guests tend to be older as the minimum age is 15 and only once have I seen anyone below drinking age staying at the lodge. It's quiet,...More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"some cabins are rustic and right on the beach if you like the sound of waves or some are larger for multiple..."
"Field Cabins are rustic with bed and woodstove, but near washroom and oh so cozy!"


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Learn more about TUNWAY LIMITED. Check the company's details for free and view the Companies House information, company documents and list of directors.
Know about every new company document that is added!
Take advantage of our watch this company feature free of charge and have notifications sent directly to your inbox. Whenever a new document appears on this website, or if their particulars change, you will be immediately informed about such changes. To monitor these changes, all you need to do is click on watch this company.
|Tangible Fixed Assets
|£ 237,127
|Current Assets
|£ 48,196
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation
|£ 253,908
|Provisions For Liabilities Charges
|£ 9,551
|£ 11,056
|Shareholder Funds
|£ 205,137
|Profit Loss Account Reserve
|£ 205,037
|Called Up Share Capital
|£ 100
|Net Assets Liabilities Including Pension Asset Liability
|£ 205,137
|Total Assets Less Current Liabilities
|£ 214,688
|Net Current Assets Liabilities
|£ 22,439
|Creditors Due Within One Year
|£ 70,635
|Cash Bank In Hand
|£ 34,615
|Stocks Inventory
|£ 2,525
|Share Capital Allotted Called Up Paid
|£ 100
|Number Shares Allotted
|£ 100
|Tangible Fixed Assets Cost Or Valuation
|£ 484,742
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation Charged In Period
|£ 6,293
Information about the Private Limited Company TUNWAY LIMITED has been prepared for information purposes only. It is not intended to be nor does it constitute legal advice. This is public information provided by the official company register.


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T-Mobile has teamed up with Huawei to produce their third Google Android phone. The T-Mobile Pulse aims to bring Android to the masses by being the first such phone available on prepay. Sporting a black polished chrome finish, the Pulse's touch-screen is an impressive 3.5-inch putting it on par with the iPhone. The 'Canvas Home Screen' has six default homescreens (though this can be increased) which can be customised with applications and features.
Being a Google device, the T-Mobile Pulse comes pre-installed with various Google services, such as Gmail and Google Maps which includes the Street View option. Other features include a 3.2-megapixel camera with the ability to upload your pics direct to the web, while the phone comes boxed with a 2GB microSD memory card to store your content.
The T-Mobile Pulse will be available for £179.99 on prepay from October with a contract version set to be announced shortly.


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