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Time to start speculating about the next season of Dancing With The Stars, which returns to ABC in the fall.
Buzz is building that Dina Lohan, Lindsay Lohan's mom and a self-proclaimed big fan of the show, is in talks to compete.
While Dancing pro Karina Smirnoff tells Hollyscoop she "wouldn't be surprised if at least one of the Lohans ends up" on the show, she's more interested in possible male partners, such as Mike Tyson, whose name has come up as a possible Dancing candidate.
"I saw the documentary on him a few months ago and he was talking about his days in ... the spotlight, and then going through the bankruptcy and then losing his daughter. And it's like this guy has such a colorful history, so I think he would be a great addition to the show."
Another possible candidate for the oldster slot: Regis Philbin. Reege has long said he wants to be on the show. Her take? "He's just America's sweetheart," Smirnoff says.
The celeb she'd most like to tango with? "Definitely John Stamos. I think he's got the looks. He's got the experience of being onstage, doing Broadway."
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Mad Hatter Johnny Depp Interrupts Promotion of Alice to Fight Against Execution and Free the West Memphis 3
Johnny Depp is getting lots of media play due to his upcoming debut as the beloved Mad Hatter in Tim Burton's version of "Alice in Wonderland" next month.
However, Johnny Depp won't be talking movies this Saturday when he appears on CBS-TV's "48 Hours. " Instead, he'll be adding the power of his fame to the fight to stop the execution of Damien Echols and to free the West Memphis 3.
Good for Johnny Depp.
There are those, like Depp, who believe the three boys (now men - it's been 17 years) are innocent of the crimes. There are others that argue it's not a matter of guilt, it's a matter of the system failing to follow proper protocols, and the need to correct improprieties that cannot be ignored.
The "West Memphis 3" are Damion Echols, Jessie Misskelley, Jr., and Jason Baldwin, who were convicted of murdering three 8-year-old boys in West Memphis, Arkansas, back in 1993. Only Echols was sentenced to death; Baldwin got life imprisonment and Misskelley was sentenced to life in prison plus 40 years.
Other celebrities lending their support to the West Memphis 3 campaign include Wynona Ryder and Demi Lovato.
Can celebrities really impact executions in this country? Of course they can.
We can all look to the case of Georgia's Troy Davis as an example. Famous names lending their clout to the Free Troy Davis campaign include The Pope, Desmond Tutu of South Africa, and former President Jimmy Carter.
Right now, a federal hearing is pending in the Troy Davis case, and there's a big fight between the attorneys on why all the witnesses have recanted. The state is implying witness tampering, and the defense lawyers have taken to the media, incensed at the implication. Meanwhile, Davis's execution by the State of Georgia remains stayed by federal order.

subset: commoncrawl


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With all the Comic-Con news filling up our home page, you'd think there's nothing else going on in the world of genre filmmaking, but of course there is, and we're doing our best to bring you all the news that's out there — even if it's as depressing as this latest story.
Yes, Roland Deschain fans, you read the headline correctly: Universal Pictures has passed on going forward with The Dark Tower.
Deadline has all the ins and outs, but here's the short version: Universal brass loved the filmmakers and the project but couldn't make it work with the current budget in its business model.
So that means the filmmakers will have to find a new backer of what might well be the most ambitious movie project since Bob Shaye allowed Peter Jackson to shoot three installments of The Lord of the Rings back to back. As you'll no doubt recall, Ron Howard was hoping to adapt The Dark Tower as three films, the first of which he planned to direct, bridged by a pair of TV series. Comic book and "Heroes" and "Battlestar Galactica" writer/producer Mark Verheiden was hired to co-write the TV component with Akiva Goldsman, who was writing the films' scripts. Brian Grazer, Goldsman and Howard were set to produce with Javier Bardem starring as gunslinger Deschain.
Now it's back to square one although there are rumblings that Warner Bros.–where Goldsman's Weed Road is based and which is fully financing two installments of Peter Jackson's The Hobbit–is a possible landing place.
Keep it here for more developments at they come!
Got news? Click here to submit it!
Climb the tower in the comments section below!


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Cinevate Gear Tips - Episode 1
Modo-Rover Quickstart Guide
Modo-Rover 'Talking Head' Features & Tips
Modo Rover - Timelapse Table Dolly
How to Tune Your Duzi 4
Duzi 4 Review: Costal Productions
Duzi 4 Features
Get Onboard with Duzi 4's Onboard Flywheel
Introducing Duzi 4 - A Belief in Better
Mountain Sunset Timelapse with Modo-Drive
Thanks Dan!
Modo (Timelapse Slider & Panning Head)
Modo - Pan (Timelapse Panning Head)
Morpheus Dolly Quick Start Video
Modo - Pan (Motion TImelapse System)
Modo - Drive (Motion Timelapse System)
Modo - Motion TImelapse System
How to Shoot a Motion Timelapse Without Batteries
How to Shoot a Motion Timelapse Without Batteries
Cinevate Deal of the Week - Axis Jib
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How to Motorize the Duzi Slider for Timelapse
The ability to motorize your Duzi Slider for timelapse has arrived. Back in May we introduced Modo, a battery, cable, and controller-free motion timelapse system, and announced the Modo pre-order sale. It is with great excitement that we're shipping those … Continue reading
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Introducing the Duzi Camera Slider + Win the First One!
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Cinevate Moco – Motorized Slider + Timelapse Slider + Stop Motion Slider
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LensProToGo Launches Free iOS App
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Tracking Shots Ep.18 – Sliding and 'Swirling Samas'
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Tracking Shots Ep.15 – Sunny Side Up
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text: A Blood-pig is a creature of unknown ceremonial significance to the Yautja. AppearencesEdit Aliens vs. Predator: Prey (mentioned only) Retrieved from "http://aliens.wikia.com/wiki/Blood-pig?oldid=90178" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Wildlife Non-Sapient Species AVP Universe AVP Wildlife Stub Add category Cancel Save


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Implement These 10 Best Practices to Improve Your Business
Lane Powell Attorney Annie Lee authored an article in the February 3 issue of Portland Business Journal titled "Implement These 10 Best Practices to Improve Your Business." In the article, Lee lists 10 practices that will reduce unnecessary distractions and detours, preserve the health of a business and contribute to its continued growth and prosperity.
1. Attend to basic housekeeping. Make sure your corporate records are in order. Keep a minute book that includes your company's organizational documents, shareholder agreements, tax elections, minutes of board and shareholder meetings, and other key items.
Significant actions, such as electing board members, appointing officers and declaring bonuses and dividends should be documented as they occur.


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I was on probation in 2008 for "Driving with an invalid drivers license" and I failed my first drug test and had to do work release for 2 weeks. I'm applying to a professional school that will be doing a background check and wondering if this will show up on my record?? I did the 2 weeks and succesfully completed the probation (which I believe was a deferred adjudication for the offense).
It shouldn't. You can pay to run a background check on yourself if you want. If you completed deferred successfully on that charge and you haven't been convicted of anything since, you probably qualify to seal the entire thing from your record with a petition for nondisclosure. Contact any local criminal defense attorney if you'd like to hire someone to do this work for you. It sounds like it's worth it for you. It's best to do it sooner rather than later since it can take 6 months or even longer for everything to clear up, and if you pick up any convictions, you no longer qualify.Ask a similar question
I didn't explain that well. The purpose of paying for a check on yourself would be to see what it is potential employers are seeing. Best of luck to you!
Also, is there a background check company that you would recommend? I know there are various companies online, but was wondering if any are more thorough than others?
I'm sorry, I have no clue. One option is to run a check with the sheriff's office. I think they do one for a fee. Another option is to run your name online in a search engine and just see what comes up. If you know any human resources people or apartment complex managers, you can ask them which company they use. If all of your trouble has been in Bexar County and as an adult, you may even be able to check as easily as looking it up on the county clerk's site.
Successfully completed deferred adjudications will show up on your criminal record. As my colleague pointed out you can apply for a non-disclosure order, however, there are 23+ exceptions as to who can still see this non-disclosed information. In my opinion, the exceptions practically swallow the rule.
The fact that you did work release will not show up on your record if it was done "as a condition of community supervision." If on the other hand, it was done as jail time to sentence you on the deferred, it will show up that you served time on the DWLI.
Ultimately, while it is never good to accumulate any kind of criminal record, I would not be too concerned about a DWLI offense showing up on your record, because (again in my opinion) it is not one of the major infraction categories that employers are looking for (i.e. drug/alcohol abuse issues, violent offenses, theft and other crimes of moral turpitude).
Good luck to you!
This answer is for informational and educational use only. This answer does not create attorney-client relationship. For more details, I recommend a private consultation with a criminal defense attorney.Ask a similar question
I agree with Mrs. Walters and Mrs. Soyars. The two weeks that you served in jail for failing the drug test is not a separate charge. The DWLI probation will show up on your record as a successfully completed deferred adjudication probation unless you request non-disclosure of your record from the court that placed you on that probation. There is a filing fee for the Petition and a lawyer can assist you with filing the Petition; and also getting your Order signed so that it can be submitted to law enforcement agencies.
Once your record is sealed, it will still be available to law enforcement agencies and government entities. Thus, if you plan to work for federal, state or local government or any law enforcement agency, it will still be accessible. As Mrs. Soyars stated, this type of charge will not likely have an impact on employment opportunities.
The information provided is not advice but a legal perspective and you should schedule a consultation with the lawyer of your choice.Ask a similar question
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A floating art and music festival in the Docklands, FAME ('Festival of Art and Music rEvolution') features an art exhibition, live music, film screenings and workshops, and more general goings-on – all aboard former East German fishing vessel MS Stubnitz, docked at Canary Wharf.
Ska survivors The Beat (one of two current incarnations thereof) headline the second night, with support from lewd thrash-punks 100% Beefcock. There'll also be an early performance by comedian and poet John Hegley, presenting a socio-political show with performance poet Joelle Taylor.
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Re: Detonation in hydrogen-air mixtures.
Hello all,
I was wondering if anybodycould help me with the simulation of detonation in a hydrogen-fueled detonation (pulse) engine using fluent. I am not able to get the required pressure spike for my model. The following are its technical specifications:
The ambient conditions outside the tube are assumed to be 1 bar and 298 K. A high-pressure, high-temperature driver gas (driver pressure, pdriv = 30 p0, and driver temperature, Tdriv = 2500 K) consisting of water vapour is used in a small region next to the closed end of the tube (length of driver gas, Ldriv = 0.005 Lt).
I used Fluent's patch option to patch the driver (H2O) and driven gas (fuel mixture) zones in the cylinder. I am not getting the required pressure spikes for a detonation, though the mixture seems to undergo combustion. I am using a stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen fuel mixture for simplicity along with inviscid flow conditions. I don't seem to be getting a DDT, though the paper I read guarantees a detonation for the above conditions. Is there something wrong with my species definition? Should I rather use a pressure based solver with a spark ignition system? What reaction mechanism does Fluent use for hydrogen-oxygen combustion? The paper had used a Jachimowski reaction mechanism (23 reactions in all). Do I have to set ignition conditions for the mixture based on what mechanism Fluent uses?
I would really appreciate it, if anybody could kindly help me. Thank you for your time.
hello vikram,
i am also trying to simulate same model from the same paper. as far as i know your approach except for flow model...flow in detonation is turbulent.so you should choose turbulence model like k-epsilon for ddt..hope it helps you...are u working in pulse detonation engine area?
hi Vikram
Would you be able to give me the details of the paper, which you are following.
I agree with Sudheer. However, better check chemistry. More over, check the values in the materials panel as mostly we take default values as granted, which may not be true in reality.
@ sudhir: Thank you for your reply and advice. Yes, I think the turbulent model will better fit the simulation. Yes, I was working on PDEs. What are you doing? Are u working on the same?
@ Sree: Thank you for your suggestion. The title of the paper is "Computational study of NOx formation in hydrogen-fuelled' pulse detonation engines" by S. YUNGSTER, K. RADHAKRISHNAN and K. BREISACHER. I will send you the paper if you give me your e-mail ID. Are u working on PDEs?
you can also try inviscid flow for ideal case without a need of high performance computers..yes, im also working on a 2D model of PDE with simple geometry and boundary conditions. can u send me tat paper which you mentioned? my mail id:email@example.com.
thank you
Modelling in GAMBIT
I am starting with a project on PDE to analyse DDT with varying cross sections and optimum CJ velocity lengths. I decided to start with simple direct detonation modeling based on the paper stated above.
I guess I'm having a hard time understanding about the mesh itself. I'm meshing in gambit. How do I differentiate the two fluid zones. I know how to assign fluid zones to a particular face or volume, but here the two fluid zones are right next to each other. So do I draw an edge between the two faces and set the boundary to interface? I think the patch option in FLUENT initializing will help you set the respective properties but I'm not getting how to define the two different zones separately from the meshing point of view in GAMBIT.
Any help would be greatly appreciated
hello gsatr1989,
for learning about patching, you can go through VOF tutorial of fluent.. about your two fluid zone i am not understanding... please tell me where you are applying this two fluid zones and what is the boundary conditions applied ?
I am looking to study initiation in PDEs. So as first step, I am considering an already existing high pressure high temperature (close to Tadiabatic) region composed of H2O vapor to act as the initiator. So a small region at the beginning of the PDE tube requires to be patched with the the conditions stated above.
After that, the rest of the tube length needs to be initialized with H2 and O2 mixture at a given equivalence ratio and at ambient temperature and pressure.. So both zones are gaseous, so I cant use VOF.
So I expect the high energy 'driver' zone at higher temperature and pressure shall propagate through the length of the tube due to pressure difference. In doing so, the energy with the wave can behave like an ignition and cause detonation and the detonation wave will be carried out due to heat produced behind the wave.
The only BC here is the pressure outlet at the right end of the tube where the combusted wave needs to exit. The left end of the tube contains the driver gas and hence this end is closed.
I am using species transport for combustion with 1 step reaction. I was able to patch the values, but I am not able to see the combustion happening.. I hope I have expressed my case clearly. Any help will be appreciated.
hey karthik.. try running the simulation with a detailed reaction mechanism consisting of elementary reactions like the one in the article mentioned above.. highly simplified chemistry models are important for mathematical analysis and
algorithm development, but they are of limited applicability. For example, one-step chemistry models cannot model the initiation, branching and recombination steps characteristic of the combustion process at the detonation front and therefore cannot reproduce the interactions between the chemical kinetics and fluid dynamics. This coupling determines the dynamics of detonation wave propagation.. also are u using a laminar or turbulence model?
hey karthick,
if i am not wrong, you are following ebirami and merkle's paper:)
i also tried that once.... chk whether you gave adiabatic wall condition for all the three remaining surfaces or not....you can create that high pressure and high temperature zone with water vapor as species using patch option. you can also specify the H2 and O2 fraction using initialize option..... give small small time steps in order of micron (10^-6 or less).... it ll be better if you run this simulation in any hp/dell or some workstations...
hope this helps you...
sudhir maheswaran
Thanks for the reply sudhir. I actually took the idea from Yungster, Radhakrishnan in Combustion Theory and modelling
Basically I was able to patch the regions separately, to the temperature, pressure and species config that i wanted. The driver region is patched right next to the closed end of the tube, so there is essentially no inlet. The model banks on the pressure gradient between the driver and driven regions to propagate forward. I was able to run the simulation for non-reactive species transport and match it with theoretical calculations for shock wave flow through tube.
Here is the brief of my FLUENT setup apart from the driver and driven gas properties:
-->left end closed, no inlet, right end open and set to pressure outlet with atm pressure and backflow species conc in ratio of 1:2
-->Turbulence (k-e realizable) and species transport enabled with turbulence chemistry run according to eddy dissipation concept and I have included a chemkin file which contains the 23 rxn mechanism.
-->I am running it transient with 1E-6 step and 1000 time steps with 10 iterations each.
I have 3 clarifications: There is no gap between the driver region and left end wall, So will there be some flow recirculation ( the model is experiencing this). And predominantly I am getting some 20%of backflow at the pressure outlet.
Should I patch initial velocity to the driver gas. so as to initiate the rightward movement ( maybe the CJ velocity for that T and P) Further should I consider other model for combustion say Parially pre-mixed?
Is patching a driver gas region same as a Pressure inlet condition...but then what are the inlet species and filled species for the tube.
I read another post where sudhir talks abt using AUTODYN...can you elaborate or give me a source for this
Thank you again and again any help will be appreciated..
@gsatr1989, @ssixr
I am trying to study combustion of h2 in a SI engine. I am not able to get the combustion, Which I thinkis due to improper parameters can you send the case,mesh file you have used to my Id sankarram90[at]gmail.com
I just want to check all the parameters you have given and models selected.
Thanks a lot in advance
If you are using FLUENT, for SI, you can use the Premixed model since it uses a decent code for the flame characterization. Or you can go with the generic species transport where you can choose the volumetric mode and specify even a detailed chemistry with a chemkin .inp file. Any of the 3 turb-chem interactions should do. You need to setup ignition model and patch the volume with initial properties.
I simulated DDT with a driver flame which was already fully developed and my model dealt with detonation for the major part. And I simulated an open system. Give more details abt geometry, setup details
Hello there,
Has anyone been successful at creating a CJ detonation for stoichiometric H2/O2? I am having a rather difficult time attempting this. I am using a 18 step mechanism developed by Petersen and Hanson for ram accelerator combustion. Likewise, I am patching a thin region of 30 atm and 3500 K at the thrust wall to initiate a shock induced detonation (note the region also consist of the mass fraction of the species in a post detonation equilibrium state as predicted by NASA CEA). It seems that no matter how fine my grid is (10 micro meters with level 3 adaptive mesh refinement), or how small my time step is (1.0e-8~1.0e-11) the solution will not converge. It appears that that the chemical kinetics are too stiff for fluent. Can any light be shed on this matter? It would be greatly appreciated.
3 Attachment(s)
I am trying to do auto ignition for nheptane/Ar/O2/N2 mixture... with adiabatic wall
Can anyone suggest how to do ..ignition
1. I tried the laminer - species transport: It shows no rise in temp / pressure (I did the cold flow calculation + patch temp 1400K and species reactant), as there is no combustion even after patch temp... just increase in temperature as in attached snapshot
2. I tried the flame let model in Partially premixed but that show error in the unsteady initialisation that the mixture fraction limit is grater than the largest domain fraction even as I entered 0 in it
I tried using the cold flow+ patch at 1400K the body -part in mesh , but no combustion observed , only the temp raised....
I tried then 2900K/40atm patch but no raise observed in products _ CO2 or H20 in mole fraction...
In both cases the temperature just climbs to the patch value and there is no temp /pressure raise after than
hello karthik sir,i am working on PDE can u help me in this
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Wednesday, April 23, 2008
NASCAR: How Much of a Stock Car is Stock
Although the word NASCAR stands for National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, this title and the term "stock car" can be quite misleading to those unfamiliar with the sport. When NASCAR first started in the late 1940s, the drivers would go to the local dealership, purchase a new car, strip it down to get it race ready, and then take it to a NASCAR sanctioned event to compete. These were actual "stock" cars with the drivers often driving them to the race to compete and then, if the car was still in drivable condition after the race was over, using the same race car to drive home, and possibly pick up the kids from school on Monday or make a grocery run one day during the rest of the week.
Today, however, the term "stock car" is simply a holdover from those earlier days. Is there anything about a current NASCAR race car that could be considered "stock?" With the exception of a few nuts, bolts and some screws, the answer would have to be no.
The modern race car competing on the NASCAR circuit today is basically completely handmade and comes with a price tag of upwards of $125,000 to build. This includes at least $70,000 for the body, chassis and frame, $40,000 or more for each engine, and more than $15,000 in labor costs. Needless to say, you won't be finding any of these hot rods for sale in your local dealer's showroom or on his lot.
Let's take a look at the basic components of today's "stock car."
The frames of each car are usually prefabricated and each team purchases them from a frame supplier. The frame is designed and built for the safety of the driver as well as to hold up to the constant forces that racing produces.
The body of the car is largely handmade in each team's shop out of flat sheet metal and takes about ten working days to produce. The only exceptions to this are the roof, hood and decklid which are usually purchased from a factory supplier. While the body may resemble somewhat the make and model of car you have in your driveway, there is really nothing stock about it. Each piece is hand shaped on an English wheel to exact NASCAR specifications. Each team must use NASCAR approved templates to measure all body parts to make sure they don't exceed the specified tolerances that NASCAR has decreed to be appropriate. In addition, not all cars are built to the same specifications. Some cars are designed specifically for super-speedway use while others are designed for optimal performance on the short tracks.
The engine block itself is actually based on an original factory design for each make of car, but they are still custom made. They do have the same cylinder bore centerlines and start out the same size as the original, but the size increases somewhat during the process of assembling the engine. Each engine produces at least 750 horsepower with engine cams that are designed to open the intake valves sooner and keep them open longer than in the average street car. Other components custom designed for racing include the intake and exhaust systems, carburetors instead of fuel injection, programmable ignition systems, and various subsystems like coolant pumps, oil pumps, steering pumps and alternators.
The tires used on the car are radials just like on your passenger car but that is where the similarity ends. The tires are treadless due to the need to increase the amount of rubber contacting the track. This works great on dry tracks but can cause the cars to hydroplane if the track is wet. Thus, you will often see rain delays or cancellations in NASCAR when too much moisture is present on the track. The tire compounds vary and are regulated by NASCAR at each race due to safety. Each compound is different depending on whether the tire is used on the left or right side of the car and due to the design of the particular track. Teams must run the mandated compounds for each tire that is placed on the car. The tires also have an inner liner which is basically a second tire mounted inside the first. If the outer tire goes flat or blows out, the inner liner will hopefully allow the driver to maintain some amount of control and help bring the car to a safe stop. In addition, most teams inflate the tires with nitrogen instead of air due to nitrogen's lack of moisture. Any moisture in the tire will vaporize and expand when the tire heats up, causing a pressure increase. Any changes in pressure, even though they may be small, can dramatically affect the handling of the car.
This has been just a brief overview of the NASCAR Stock Car. As you can easily see from even the limited information above, there is nothing "stock" about a modern stock car. So, if you are thinking of taking your new Impala, Fusion, or Camry to the nearest NASCAR event this weekend, I would strongly advise you against it. You will need large amounts of money and expertise to get out on that track and be competitive. Save the car in your driveway for picking up the kids from school or making the grocery run. The days of building a "stock car" in your personal garage or out in the barn are long gone.
NASCAR: An Overview of Driver Safety Features
The air bags, seat belts and other safety features in your personal vehicle are designed to protect you in crashes up to 35 mph. In NASCAR however, where speeds often exceed 180 mph, the car and driver have to withstand crashes that produce more than 25 times more force than those at 35 mph. With four drivers having been killed on the track since 2000, safety of drivers has become a primary concern for NASCAR. While many drivers complain about new restrictions and safety measures, it is clear that NASCAR desires to keep the sport safe for all involved while still remaining exciting for the fans. Various pieces of equipment and safety features are standard on the NASCAR circuit. Let's take a look at the more important ones and give a quick overview of how they work.
Driver Gear
Each driver naturally wears a helmet to protect the vital head area. The helmet is designed to dissipate the energy of a crash over the helmet and keep other debris from making contact with the driver's head. While drivers are required to wear a helmet, they can choose to use an open-face design or a full-face model. Many drivers choose the full-face design that completely wraps around their head and face to provide them with maximum protection while others choose the open-face design arguing that the full-face helmet restricts their peripheral vision. All helmets are designed with an impact resistant shell, with a layer of foam being next, and on the inside next to the driver's head, a layer of fire resistant Nomex in case of a flash fire.
Each driver also wears a protective suit made of either Proban or the Nomex material like that which lines the inside of the helmet. Both materials are fire retardant to give the driver protection in the event that flames erupt inside the car. The driver's gloves, socks and shoes are also made of this material to offer the driver the maximum possible protection.
Instead of a seatbelt like you would have in your passenger vehicle, NASCAR mandates that each driver use a five-point restraint harness. This harness is made from padded nylon webbing and holds the driver securely in his seat during an impact. The seat itself is attached directly to the tubular frame rather than the floorboard to help insure that it stays in place during a crash. The seat is usually custom made for each driver by being form-fitted to his body and will provide wrap-around protection during an impact. The seat will also bend somewhat to help absorb the energy of a crash.
NASCAR has also mandated that each driver wear what is known as the Head And Neck Support System or HANS Device for short. The HANS Device is a semi-hard collar which is made from carbon fiber and Kevlar. The driver wears a collar that keeps the collar held onto the upper body of the driver. The helmet and the collar are then attached by flexible tethers that keep the head from snapping forward or to the side during impact.
The Cockpit
To the left of the driver, the window is covered with a net made of nylon mesh webbing. This window net keeps the driver's arms inside the car during a crash or roll-over. It also keeps dangerous debris from coming inside the car during an accident. The window net is equipped with a quick release so the driver can take it down easily if he needs to exit the car quickly.
The frame of a NASCAR race car is basically composed of three parts: the front clip, the rear clip, and the middle section which also includes the roll cage surrounding the driver. The middle section and roll cage are designed to be the strongest part of the frame. It will maintain its shape during a crash to offer maximum protection to the driver. The front and rear clips are made from thinner steel tubing and will crush more easily to distribute the force of impact along the frame of the car rather than transferring that force to the driver. Also, in the event of a collision, the front clip is designed to push the engine out of the bottom of the car, rather than back toward the driver.
All windshields are made of Lexan, which is the same polycarbonate used to make fighter plane canopies and bullet proof glass. This material is shatter proof but is easily scratched or dented so the crews cover the windshield with several layers of "tear off" film that they can easily remove during a race to help clear the driver's vision through the windshield.
The fuel tank or fuel cell is located in the rear of the car and is designed with a steel outer layer and a hard plastic inner layer or bladder. Four braces are attached from the fuel cell to the frame to hold it in place during an accident. The fuel cell is also filled with foam which reduces the sloshing of fuel and the chances of an explosion by reducing the amount of air inside the cell. Check valves are also installed to shut off the fuel in the event that the engine removed from the car during a crash.
Other Car Features
In 1994, NASCAR introduced roof flaps to the cars. These flaps are designed to keep the car from getting airborne during a spin at high speeds. Before these flaps were introduced, cars which spun at high speeds would often lift off the ground and begin to tumble. This usually happened once the car had rotated about 140 degrees. With these roof flaps in place, once a car spins to the point that lift begins to be generated, the low pressure above the flaps causes them to deploy by creating a sucking action, which disrupts the airflow over the roof and keeps the car on the ground.
Another safety feature – albeit a controversial one – is the use of restrictor plates to slow the cars down on several superspeedways. The restrictor plate is a square aluminum plate that is placed between the carburetor and the intake manifold. It has four holes drilled into it with the size of the hole varying between .875 inches and 1 inch depending on the track and NASCAR guidelines. The restrictor plate reduces the flow of air and fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine which in turn reduces horsepower and speed. Implemented in 1998, they were designed to slow the cars down and reduce the number of serious crashes. However, many drivers complain that the restrictor plate is actually the cause of more multi-car crashes due to the tendency for the cars to bunch up and rely more on the draft. With the cars bunched up like they so often are, one car getting out of control often involves several others before the accident has run its course.
Outside the Car
On the track, NASCAR has mandated that tracks install what is known as the Steel And Foam Energy Reduction Barrier, or SAFER Barrier for short. It is also often referred to as "soft wall" technology. This barrier is installed in front of the old concrete walls which line the outside of the track. The SAFER barrier is made of steel tubes welded together. Behind these tubes are bundles of poly-styrene foam, which are placed between the barrier and the concrete wall. This "soft wall" absorbs the energy released during a crash and allows the energy to be dissipated along the wall rather than by the car and driver. It also keeps the car from being propelled back into traffic on the track.
These are just some of the more important features NASCAR has instituted to keep racing safe for the driver. With the introduction of the Car of Tomorrow (COT), which should now be considered the Car of Today due to the fact that it will be used in all NASCAR events in 2008, further driver safety measures have been implemented in the very make-up of the car itself.
While drivers may complain at times, NASCAR is working hard to insure driver safety while at the same time keeping the sport competitive and exciting for the fans. While spectacular crashes will continue to occur, it is hoped that these safety measures will protect drivers from serious injury or death. We don't want to lose any more of our favorite drivers like we have in the past with Dale Earnhardt, Neil Bonnett, Adam Petty or Kenny Erwin.
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
NASCAR: The Drive-Through Penalty
A drive-through penalty is given to a driver for speeding on pit road. At each track on the NASCAR circuit, NASCAR officials have established a pit road speed limit for the safety of drivers, pit crews and NASCAR officials. This speed limit varies from track to track and is usually between 35-55 miles per hour depending on the size of the track and several other factors.
If a driver is caught speeding on pit road and gets this penalty assessed on him, he must return to the pits during green flag conditions and travel the entire length of pit road at the proper speed limit while the rest of the cars on the track are continuing to run at full race speed. The driver is not allowed to stop in his pits for any adjustments or repairs whatsoever while he is serving this penalty. Due to the racing speed of the cars on the track and the slow speed limit of pit road, the driver will usually lose a ton of track position due to this penalty.
As stated above, the reason NASCAR established a speed limit for pit road was make it safer for drivers, crew members and officials during pit stops. Numerous accidents have occurred in the past between two or more cars due to the overzealousness of drivers trying to get an edge over everyone else. Officials and crew members who come over the wall during stops have been hit by cars in a driver's attempt to get in and out of the pits quicker than the next guy. Thus NASCAR established the pit road speed limit to reduce the risk of cars crashing into one another or hitting one of the crew members or officials who are on pit lane in front of the pit wall.
What makes obeying the speed limit so tricky for drivers is the fact that NASCAR race cars do not have speedometers. The only way drivers can judge their speed on pit road is by determining what gear they are in and reading the RPMs on the tachometer. During the pace laps, before the race begins, the pace car leads the cars around the track at pit road speed. While the cars are following the pace car, the drivers check the RPM indicated on the tachometer and also note what gear the car is in at the time. This information is then relayed by the driver to his crew chief and spotter. Then, before the drivers come to pit road during the race, the crew chief or spotter can then remind them of the proper gear position and the RPM reading they should stay under. Unfortunately, even with these precautions and reminders in place, a driver can still easily exceed the speed limit on pit road due to the "heat of the moment" and the desire to get on and off pit road as quickly as possible.
The drive-through penalty was instituted by NASCAR in 2002 and replaced other penalties then in effect that NASCAR believed to be too arbitrary and thus, unfair. Previously, if drivers were caught speeding while entering pit road, they were assessed a 15 second penalty. If it was determined that a driver was speeding while entering pit road, the crew was allowed to complete any needed work on the car and once this was complete and crew members away from the car, the NASCAR official would then hold the car in the pits for an additional 15 seconds before releasing the car to leave the pit box and exit pit road.
Before 2002, if a car was caught speeding upon exiting pit road, the driver was assessed a "stop and go" penalty. During this penalty, a driver is required to enter the pit road again under green flag conditions, and then enter his pit box once again, come to a complete stop, and then proceed to exit the pits and return to the track.
So, the drive-through penalty has now replaced both the "15 second penalty" and the "stop and go" penalty. Now, if a driver is caught speeding at any point on pit road, NASCAR imposes the drive-through as the punishment. The drive-through is certainly one penalty every driver would like to avoid. It is always hard to make up the lost track position and if this penalty comes late in the race or is followed by other problems for the driver, it can be almost impossible to make up.
Friday, April 18, 2008
NASCAR: Racing Flags and What They Indicate
The flags in NASCAR (and all forms of auto racing) are designed to inform the drivers of track conditions or provide a way for officials to communicate other information to the drivers. Before radios were installed in the cars to allow two-way communication between the driver and his crew or race officials, the flags were the only way to inform the drivers of events or circumstances within the race. Each flag was designed with a specific color, color combination or symbol so the drivers will know at a glance the meaning of each flag.
Listed below, you will find each flag used in NASCAR and what it indicates to the driver, as well as the appropriate action he or the field of cars should take:
The green flag signals the start of a race or a resumption of competition at full race speed after a caution or delay of some type. Usually, a driver's crew chief or spotter will also let him know that green flag racing is about to resume by saying, "We're going green on the next lap" as well. The pace car will remain in front of all cars until just before the green flag is dropped. The pace car will turn into the pit road entrance as the field of cars comes by before the green flag is waved.
The yellow flag is the caution flag. It indicates that there is a hazard on the track or the track is not clear for cars to maintain race speed. This flag can be used to warn the drivers of an accident on the track or that there is debris on the track due to cars making contact or mechanical failure. The flag is also waved to bring the cars under caution due to weather-related issues. Other reasons for this flag being waved include things such as a NASCAR tire check, an emergency vehicle needing to cross the track, or a stray animal wandering onto the track. NASCAR rules allow all cars bunch up behind the leader during a caution to allow them to position themselves for resumption of green flag racing. Usually, the lead cars will line up in the outside lane while the lapped cars will start in the inside lane. No cars are allowed to pass the pace car during a caution flag unless specifically instructed to do so by NASCAR officials. An example of this would be the "lucky dog." The "lucky dog" is the name given to the driver/car that is at least one lap down but leading all other lapped cars when the caution flag comes out. This driver gets to move around the pace car and circle the track to come up behind the lead cars to regain a lost lap. He then becomes the last car on the lead lap. A standard caution usually lasts a minimum of three laps at most tracks to allow the drivers time to pit or catch the pace car before a restart. A yellow flag during a practice session indicates that all cars should go to the pits immediately.
Waving of the red flag indicates that the track is unsafe and the situation requires immediate attention. All cars must go to a designated location and stop – this may be the pit area or the cars may simply be stopped on a part of the track that is away from the unsafe situation. This flag is often waved for an accident which requires immediate medical attention or if the track is blocked. It is also waved from time to time due to heavy precipitation which creates dangerous racing conditions. Additionally, it has become common for NASCAR to wave the red flag during the closing laps of a race to make sure the event ends under green lap conditions rather than under caution. Once the red flag has been cleared, the cars will always begin the race again under the yellow flag for a few laps to allow the drivers to warm up their engines and tires or visit the pits if necessary before green flag laps are resumed. It is important to note that all race activity stops during red flag conditions. This includes the pit crews as well as the drivers. While the cars must go to a designated place and stop until the red flag is cleared, the pit crews must also stop any work in progress on cars that may be in the garage or pits until the red flag is cleared.
The white flag is only waved once during the race. This flag indicates to the drivers and crew that only one lap remains in the event. Once the white flag is waved, all drivers know that the next time they pass the flag stand they will be seeing the checkered flag indicating the completion of the race.
This flag is also only displayed once during the race and indicates that the race has completed its scheduled distance of so many miles or so many laps depending on the particular event. Naturally, the driver in the lead position at the waving of the checkered flag is declared the winner of the race.
The black flag is known as the "consultation" flag. This flag is normally waved at an individual car and indicates that NASCAR has a concern regarding that particular driver or car. When a car/driver receives the black flag they must respond by entering the pits within five laps for a "consultation" with a NASCAR official in response to the concern. Some reasons for a driver being given the black flag include breaking a NASCAR rule, a mechanical problem (such as leaking fluids on the track, parts falling off or in danger of falling off), breaking the speed limit on pit road, or failure to maintain a minimum safe speed. Once the driver has entered his pit box, he is then informed by a NASCAR official as to what action is needed to correct the concern. During a practice session, the black flag waved in conjunction with a red one indicates to the drivers that the practice session is over.
This flag is waved at individual cars that have chosen to ignore the black flag. This indicates to the driver and crew that NASCAR has stopped scoring the car until they come into the pits for a consultation based on the black flag waved earlier. This flag, for all practical purposes, disqualifies a driver/car from the race until they obey the previous black flag and enter the pits.
This is known as the "courtesy" or "move over" flag. It is waved at cars that are down a lap or more and indicates that the leaders or faster cars are approaching from behind. It is essentially a request for the slower lapped cars to move over and allow the more competitive cars to pass them. Obedience to this flag is not mandatory and the slower cars can choose to ignore it and not give any room for the faster cars to pass. However, repeated ignoring of this flag without a valid reason is heavily frowned upon by NASCAR. This flag can be seen often at the shorter tracks like Bristol or Martinsville where slower cars can become a major hindrance to the race leaders.
This flag is normally used only on road courses by corner workers. It indicates that there is debris or slippery conditions ahead on a particular part of the track when it is held up or waved.
Almost every racing series in the United States uses this basic combination of flag designs and colors. Normally, the flags are waved by the flagman at the start-finish line to indicate to the drivers what is happening during the race. In addition, many speedways have installed lights at various points on the track as well so that drivers are aware of cautions or other conditions before they reach the start-finish line. Radio communication between the driver and his spotter or crew chief has also evolved into an important part of the process of keeping drivers informed of the track conditions.
Monday, April 7, 2008
Stoicism and Epicureanism in Ancient Greece
The intellectual climate which witnessed the birth of Stoicism and Epicureanism was one of unrest and uncertainty. The great philosophical ideas of the previous century, propounded by the likes of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, no longer seemed to resonate with the skeptical and troubled minds of the present age. The city-state along with its democratic ideals was quickly losing its appeal while the people were also beginning to question the deities and the temples that supposedly housed them. The Epicureans and the Stoics presented their world views into this climate as an answer to the questions and issues that plagued the minds of Greek citizens. Though Stoicism and Epicureanism were competing systems of philosophical thought, both took hold and gained a following during this time.
Epicureanism is named after its founder, Epicurus (342-270 B.C.), who started a school devoted to his philosophical system at the end of the fourth century B.C. Epicurus taught that all knowledge that we have is derived from our senses and the input we receive into those senses. Repeated input into those senses gives rise to general concepts which allow us to make judgments. Epicurus himself used the example that we are able to recognize a horse, a cow, or a man because our current perceptions fit our past perceptions which we have come to associate with these words. He went on to say that whether our judgments are correct or not must be confirmed by evidence of closer and repeated inspection. You might, in many ways, consider Epicurus the forerunner of the modern empiricist.
Epicurus subscribed to the doctrine of Atomism, which was first taught by Democritus. Atomism declared that all things are made up of atoms in continual motion. These atoms are infinite in number, move about in a void, and sometimes swerve at random. Epicurus believed that in a universe of colliding atoms, there could be no higher order governing things. Thus, though Epicurus admitted that the gods might exist, they exercised no control over our daily lives and remained unconcerned with our actions. We no longer had to allow our anxiety over pleasing or displeasing the gods to order our lives. He espoused a doctrine of freedom to human action and did not believe in an afterlife. For Epicurus, death was simply the end of human life and with it the end of our experience of good and evil. With the death of our body, the senses also die and death is not to be feared.
Epicurus believed that people could achieve happiness once their bodies were free from pain and their minds released from worry and fear. While Epicurus stated that each person should strive to increase pleasure for the individual, he rejected unbridled hedonism. He stated that while happiness must be pursued rationally, those pleasures that have unpleasant aftereffects such as overeating or drunkenness should be avoided. Contrary to the popular belief of Epicurus as a "party animal," he was actually teaching the traditional Greek view of moderation and prudence. He believed the prudent person was the only one truly capable of enjoying the pleasures of the mind and putting aside the fearful thoughts of death, fate and chance which so afflict the rest of humanity.
The term epicure today still conjures up the image of a person who prides herself on her good taste, especially in matters of food or wine. It suggests someone who elevates material pleasure in personal consumption to the level of fine art.
Stoicism was founded by Zeno (335-263 B.C.) of Citium at roughly the same time as Epicureanism. Stoicism was the major rival to Epicureanism and became the most dominate philosophy in the Hellenistic world for the next five hundred years. Stoicism got its name from the poikile stoa, or Painted Porch, in Athens where Zeno began to teach around 300 B.C.
Stoicism, at its core, held the belief that the universe contained a principle of order, which was at various times called the Divine Fire, God, and Divine Reason (Logos). Being the ruling principle, the Logos underlies all reality and permeates all things. Because people are part of the universe, they shared in the Logos as well. Since the Logos was implanted in the soul of every human being, it enabled them to act intelligently and to comprehend the principles that govern nature and the universe. An important part of this reasoning on the Logos was that since reason is common to all, it means that all humans are essentially brothers and fundamentally equal. Through this, the Stoics arrived at the idea of the oneness of all humanity whether you are Greek or barbarian, rich or poor, free or slave. Because of this, one law, the law of nature applied to all human beings.
Like Socrates, the Stoics believed that the distinctive quality of each individual was his ability to reason, and that we should discipline the emotions by the rational part of the soul to achieve happiness. Wise persons should conduct their lives by the natural law – the law of reason – which underlies the universe. This ordering of our lives gives us the ability to resist the torments inflicted by others, by fate, and by our own passionate natures. Individuals who are able to achieve this are undisturbed by the misfortunes of life and are the captains of their own ship so to speak. This practice leads to self-mastery, inner peace and happiness. No matter what our bodies are subjected to, our minds are still independent and free.
It is interesting to note the fact that much of the Stoic belief system still influences us today – we are all members of one family by nature, the significance of the individual, race and rank are fundamentally unimportant, and human law should not conflict with natural law. These fundamental beliefs were seen later in Roman jurisprudence, Christian thought, and even modern liberalism. We still refer to someone today as stoic when they remain resolute and unflinching emotionally in the face of tragedy, dire circumstances, or obstacles that are seemingly insurmountable.
To conclude, both Epicureanism and Stoicism, though competing philosophies, were primarily concerned with understanding the human condition. They tried to make persons ethically independent, and help them to achieve happiness in an increasingly hostile and competitive world. In a time of spiritual unease and political insecurity, both schools sought for tranquility of mind and relief from conflict. The Greek civilization was undergoing a spiritual transformation and both Epicureanism and Stoicism were striving to provide comfort for the individual suffering from feelings of loneliness and insignificance by stressing peace of mind and the ability to overcome our anxieties through the discipline of reason.
Sunday, April 6, 2008
The Fall of the Roman Empire (in under 1500 words)
It is important to realize that no one explanation is sufficient to account for the fall of the Rome. It was a process that lasted hundreds of years and involved multiple reasons and events that brought about the demise of this once great empire. In other words, it was not a single event that occurred in 476 A.D. but rather a series of issues that led to that final infamous date in which Roman Emperor Romulus was overthrown and a German placed in the seat of power. It is also important to note that only the western half of the Empire fell. The eastern half remained largely intact and survived as the Byzantine Empire until the middle of the fifteenth century. This was due mainly to the fact that the eastern half was not as exposed to barbarian attacks, was more populated, wealthier and did not have as many civil wars as did the western half.
The first contributing factor to the fall of Rome is obviously the role of the barbarian invaders. The barbarians attacked mainly the western part of the Empire. The western portion was less populated and poorer than the eastern region. Rome was already weakened due to its own size and the inability of the government to provide adequate military forces to cover the demands of such a large area. The barbarian attacks devastated the population and left the survivors impoverished. Furthermore, the onslaughts of the invaders in these areas helped to aggravate the internal problems Rome was already suffering at the time. To rectify this situation and fortify her defenses, Rome imposed higher taxes on citizens in order to strengthen the military. This caused an increased burden on the lower and middle classes, which, in turn, resulted in those classes despising the very government that sought to protect them.
The second contributing factor to the fall of Rome was the apathy of the populace. This once great culture, which exuded confidence in individual potential and the human intellect, lost its desire and no longer took an interest in public life. The aristocrats, who once proudly took the responsibility of preserving traditional Greco-Roman culture secluded themselves behind the walls of their estates and did not attempt to help the Empire. Even the common townspeople avoided public service and refused to offer an organized resistance in the face of the invaders. It appears that the large majority of Roman citizenry simply gave up, despite vastly outnumbering the invading hordes.
Thirdly, the Roman government's own decisions and tendencies, both politically and militarily, which further increased public disloyalty contributed to her fall. Rome became increasingly autocratic especially under the rule of Emperors Diocletian (A.D. 285-305) and Constantine (A.D. 306-337). As stated above, the demands and legislative decisions of the government crushed the patriotic loyalty of its citizens and many considered the state to be the enemy, fearing it more than the barbarian invaders.
Militarily, the government's autocratic methods had led to vastly inferior soldiers and to an unbridled desire for power among the leaders. The government was increasingly unable to control her ambitious military leaders who became more enamored with their personal dreams of seizing power rather than defending the borders of the Empire. This resulted in civil wars which further increased the financial burdens on the Empire, and in turn, weakened the border defenses even more. To add to this, the quality of Roman soldiers had deteriorated during the third century. During the third century, the army was made up mostly of peasants, who were often considered the dregs of society and had no loyalty to the vision of Greco-Roman civilization. Large numbers of barbarians had also been recruited to fill the ranks and they too, had little commitment to Greco-Roman civilization or the state. Many young citizens avoided military service altogether due to their lack of patriotism.
The fourth factor in the fall of Rome was the increased tax burden on the populace. With the barbarian hordes knocking at the door and oftentimes entering the house, Rome's military expenditures continued to increase and often exceeded the available resources. Thus, taxes were increased while at the same time the government requisitioned necessities such as wood or grain, and forced its citizens to repair the infrastructure (roads and bridges) without any recompense from the government. When citizens refused to pay the taxes, the government often resorted to force to collect.
The fifth factor in the fall of Rome was the decline in population. It is estimated that the population of the Empire fell from 70 million during the Pax Romana to around 50 million during the Late Roman Empire. Various plagues or epidemics were responsible in large part for this decline. Also, many people became discouraged by the worsening economic conditions and chose not to increase the size of their families due to the little hope they saw for the future of Rome. This decline in population had three important effects on the Empire. (1) While the population was declining, the costs of running the Empire were increasing exponentially, placing an even heavier burden on the taxpayers. (2) Fewer agricultural workers were available, creating a shortage in food supply. (3) The decline led to fewer men to serve in the army which weakened defense capability.
Economic decentralization was the sixth factor in the fall of Rome. Separation of the Empire into east and west by Diocletian and Constantine had made the situation worse because emperors in the west could no longer count on economic aid from the wealthier east to finance their needs. Also, the Empire was dependent upon an empire wide trade that was greatly hindered by slow communications and the cost of transporting goods. International trade decreased as local trade grew and regions became more self-sufficient. Many large estates contributed further to this economic decentralization by producing exclusively for the local market. This resulted in decreased revenue in the urban areas due to reduced numbers of customers who bought goods made in the cities. Many urban craftsmen and small farmers increasingly sought to work for these large estates, causing the estates to grow in size and importance.
Lastly, the Empire failed to develop new technological advances. In other words, it failed to provide new and better ways of producing goods and agricultural products. Although Rome can be credited with a few new advances in technology, she basically rested on a slim economic and technological foundation. Combined with all her other problems, this foundation began to crack and give way under the weight of the whole structure. Rome relied heavily on slave labor and since slaves have little incentive to develop more efficient ways of production, they certainly didn't put much thought into it. The upper classes didn't put much thought into it either, since they considered manual labor beneath them and refused to consider any advances due to their desire to distance themselves from the menial work of slaves. This failure to improve technology further limited employment opportunities for the poorer classes.
As you can see, several factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire. Historians continually debate as to which factors contributed the most and to what extent. In reading these factors, one realizes how much they each overlap and how each, in turn, fed off the other to produce even deeper problems. In my opinion, the Roman Empire became too vast and unwieldy for its limited economic foundation. Couple that weak economic foundation with various autocratic rulers who continually make decisions that overburden the populace, and you have a disaster in the making.
Although the year 476 A.D. may be the year that marks the fall of the Roman Empire due to the watershed event of Romulus being overthrown, it was not that single event that led to the demise of mighty Rome. The fall of Rome was years in the making, each circumstance and poor decision preparing the way for eventual destruction.
Friday, April 4, 2008
Stealing Your Way to Heaven????
I was watching the History Channel last night and one of the interesting facts thrown out was the fact that the Bible is the best-selling book of all time. I knew this of course, but I didn't realize how many copies are sold per minute. According to the History Channel, on average, approximately 50 copies of the Bible are sold every minute.
Of course, the amount of copies sold per minute is interesting, however, they mentioned one other fact during this program that was even more interesting: In addition to being the all-time best-seller, the Bible also holds the unique position of being the most shoplifted book of all time. Now, that is fascinating. Why would you steal the Bible? The Gideons and various other organizations are giving them away every day. I would imagine that you could walk into almost any church here in America and ask for a copy and it would be given to you free of charge. If that particular church refuses to give you a copy, I would strongly recommend that you find another church - obviously, the one that turned down your request for a Bible has failed to understand the whole reason for their existence.
I wonder what it's like to read a stolen Bible? How do you read what many believe to be the Word of God when you have stolen the very copy you hope to glean knowledge from? Of course, I am not talking about someone taking a copy from a motel room. Most of those are placed there by the Gideons or other Bible distributing organizations and I think they honestly hope you will take that copy if you don't have one. They will be glad to replace it. But what of those who go into a bookstore and just slip a Bible under their coat and walk out with it? I just can't imagine... I have never stolen anything but I certainly wouldn't start out with a Bible.
I guess the good news here is that people are being exposed to the Biblical message about God's love toward us in Christ no matter how it comes about. I just found the whole matter interesting and thought I would put some thoughts down on this while it was still fresh in my mind. I may come back to this subject later and ponder the idea of "stealing your way to heaven." Hmmm.


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|"Just a paragraph. A really, really tiny paragraph."
This article is considered a stub because it is lacking information and is thereby short. You can help the Charmed Wiki by expanding it.
Scott Lipsey wrote the season 6 episode "My Three Witches" (with Whip Lipsey) and the season 7 episode "There's Something About Leo" (with Natalie Antoci). He was also script coordinator for 4 episodes in season 8.


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By Tottenham correspondent Tony Hughes
Andros Townsend has been dropped from the Tottenham squad after lashing out at the club's fitness coach during a heated row.
The England international was captured by photographers being involved in an altercation with Nathan Gardiner in a post-match warm-down session following Spurs' 3-1 win over Aston Villa on Monday night.
Townsend, who is yet to start a Premier League match for the club this season and was an unused substitute against Villa, appeared to shove Gardiner in the chest and then shout at him.
Manager Mauricio Pochettino revealed Townsend was banished from first-team squad and has been dropped from the Spurs squad as a disciplinary measure for tomorrow's Europa League clash against Anderlecht.
Speaking today, Pochettino said: "It was in public, there were pictures, we can't hide it. It's a private matter but when there is an action, there is a consequence. He did not train with the group and he is not available to be selected tomorrow.
"It's always my decision if he is part of the squad. The discipline for me is very important. We have a young squad and the player made a mistake, and when you cross the limit it is important to stop that. I am very friendly but the discipline is very important.
"The staff need to show respect to the player and the player needs to show respect to the staff. He recognised that he made a mistake. It is my decision, you need to pay. There is always a consequence."
Pochettino confirmed that the England winger, a lifelong Spurs fan, has apologised for his actions, but did not confirm whether or not the club had fined him.
The Argentinean added: "He recognised it was a mistake. I can understand because I was a player and when you don't play you're unhappy and sometimes your expectation is bigger.
"But it was not normal behaviour. He is young and you need to understand that it isn't the way to impress the manager. He needs to learn about football, about behaviour, about discipline, about a lot of things. Football is not only about taking the ball in your feet and playing. You have a responsibility as a professional."
Townsend, who started only 10 Premier League games last season, has been linked with a move away from White Hart Lane having failed to establish himself under Pochettino.
But, when asked whether the player still has a future at the club, the manager replied: "All players have a future. It's up to them if there future is here.
"Football can change quickly. We believe in him and he can give us very good things, but it is up to the player when he has the chance."


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To the Editor:
You have reported on a rally of 1,000 or so demonstrators for independence in Grozny, the capital of the Russian republic of Chechnya (news articles, Feb. 9-11).
But what of the mass protest movement by Russians against their Government's war in Chechnya, a movement that does credit to emergent Russian society and that is being widely reported in the free Russian press in Moscow?
Boris Nemtsov, governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region, has forwarded to President Boris N. Yeltsin of Russia an end-the-war appeal signed by one million of his region's citizens, which is a quarter of the region's population.
A group of Russia's most distinguished intellectuals have invited their fellow citizens from all over Russia to sign the Nizhny Novgorod appeal.
These facts were reported on the front page of the pro-establishment newspaper Izvestia for Feb. 1.
There was also an article that day by Grigory Yavlinsky, the reform leader, with the headline "Stop the War in Chechnya -- That's the Supreme Boldness Needed Today."
Other manifestations of the movement include an open letter to President Yeltsin, also in Izvestia, from Sergei Kovalev, a Duma deputy resigning as chairman of Mr. Yeltsin's Human Rights Commission and member of the Presidential Council.Continue reading the main story
An article elsewhere by Gen. Boris Gromov, who commanded the Soviet forces in the Afghan war, declared that the Chechen war must be ended immediately and proposed that the boundaries of a Chechnya freed of Russian forces be sealed off to the shipment of arms.
It all begins to be reminiscent of protest movement of the late 1960's in the United States against our Government's war in Vietnam. Surely the protest in Russia deserves more exposure.
ROBERT C. TUCKER Princeton, N.J., Feb. 12, 1996
The writer is professor emeritus of politics, Princeton University.Continue reading the main story


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So last summer i gave in and decided to play ffxiv. I was surprised at how much i enjoyed the game specially after hearing so many bad reviews. Unfortunately, the only computer i had that was good enough to run the game broke down near the end of august/early September. Now that i finally have a new computer im deciding weather i should start playing again or not. Its been a few months since i read anything final fantasy related so i have no idea how this game is doing. i have a few questions though.
1. Are there any big changes that have happened since the last time i played? i All i remember was that a patch was about to be released.
2. Since they started charging for the game, how many players decided to leave? I played on selbina. Is it still populated?
3. I heard of the server merges. If i dont play before they happen, will i still be able to choose my server when i come back or will i be places in a random one?
4. and lastly, the LS that i used to be in broke up and many of my friends left the game, would anyone be willing to help a lonely new comer find some friends? =)


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This Week @ String: The Electric Current Cables Cowl/Capelet
As the temperature continues to drop, we strongly encourage layering for warmth and fashion. Our cables, cowls and capelet designs are guaranteed to keep you cuddly warm, super chic and looking like you are coming right off the runway this winter!
We love to use cables and other textural stitches while designing for the cooler months. The multi-depth and layering gives you that extra warmth that we all crave for as the arctic winds whip around the city.
There are so many wonderful accessories in addition to our sweaters, why not style an outfit that looks great, shows off your knitting talent and feels like you are wrapped up in layers of a cozy knitted cocoon?!
Petra Marcelle created our new "Electric Current Cables Cowl/Capelet" design, so it works as a cowl and as a capelet! Knit with one of our favorite exclusive cashmere from Filati Biagioli Modesto, this amazingly soft piece, will take you from the first brisk days of Fall thru the brutally cold days of Winter. Cashmere = pure luxury. Cables = this season's hottest knitwear pattern. String designs = classic styles that last forever.
Get the "Electric Current Cables Cowl/Capelet" this week 15% OFF.


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Climbing Devils AnvilEdit
Climbing Devils Anvil was a secret East India Trading Company Glitch on Devil's Anvil. This glitch was often used to test Co. Black Guard climbing and parkour skills.
How toEdit
There are two ways to access the glitch, the first way and well.. the hard way, by repeatedly using the Swift Foot Glitch and Jumping your way up.
Or the easy way:
- Walk into barbossa's grotto.
- Minimize your compass and open your map.
- Start walking out and right before the loading screen teleport to devils anvil.
- Now you should be in a secret area on the inside, look for a big rock.
- Now use your parkour and jump onto the rock.
- Now jump onto the tree and then the cliff.
- Now you climb to the top (getting to the top takes about 20-30 minutes).


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Tonight: Morton's offers wine and Broncos at Savor the Grape
Grapes, great athletes and good causes: That's the recipe for Savor the Grape for Charity at Morton's, 8480 East Belleview Avenue in Englewood. Starting at 7 p.m. tonight, the evening of fine wine, food and an auction benefits the Boys and Girls Clubs of Metro Denver, with special guests Champ Bailey and John Lynch. Tickets are $75 to $250; call 303-409-1177.
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Chick lit
The differently peopled book of the film of Bridget Jones's Baby has its entries abridged by John Crace
The worthy titles people display at home are often unread, while private passions – from Dan Brown to Christian Grey – are shuffled swiftly off to Oxfam
Happy endings may not be so reliable in real life, but stories where you know things will work out well cast a potent spell
Emily Gould is the oversharing writer and blogger the US literati loves to hate. But is the pillorying she gets a fair response to her candid confessionals or part of an uglier strand of online misogyny? Aaron Hicklin meets her
Bridget Jones look out – a new breed of risk-taking, not-so-nice literary heroines is replacing the sad singletons, writes India Knight
John Crace keeps raging hormones IN CONTROL to render a young woman's journey into music journo stardom in a fab 700 words
Alison Flood: Random House imprint Vintage Books announces global sales of erotic thriller which started life as Twilight fan fiction
Tweeting, online dating, parenthood – Helen Fielding reveals how in her new book she hopes to do for the middle-aged woman what her first Bridget novel did for the thirtysomething singleton
Even with mixed reviews, Mad About the Boy sells 23,000 copies in past week as shopping season begins in earnest
The third volume of the zeitgeist-capturing singleton's diaries is reduced to a neurotic 600 words by John Crace
Older, sadder but none the wiser, Bridget Jones remains the quintessential comic heroine on her third outing, writes Stephanie Merritt
Why do we expect so much from Bridget Jones?Hadley FreemanHadley Freeman: Helen Fielding's heroine is back in Mad About the Boy – but remember, she's still just a fictional character
Justine Jordan: There's the familiar agonising and a new sentimentality as 51-year-old Bridget looks to get back in the dating game
She won the hearts of millions as the archetypal thirtysomething singleton and now she's back – in her 50s
Extracts from third volume of Bridget Jones's Diary, Mad About the Boy, reveal Bridget is now a widow
Liz Bury: Official sales figures of digital and print books for the first half of the year show a preoccupation with diets and thrillers
With no UK publishing deal for her debut novel, Tracy Bloom decided to go it alone. A few weeks later, her book was sitting at the top of the Amazon Kindle chart
Profile: Helen Fielding's calorie-counting singleton was the chick-lit success of the late 20th century. Now a long-awaited third novel takes her into the era of Twitter and internet dating
Title of Helen Fielding's next novel in the bestselling series revealed, but identity of boy in question remains mysterious
The Irish novelist talks to Elizabeth Day about her crippling depression, the power of Come Dine with Me, and why she can't wait to be 50
Virginia Tech study finds fictional representations can affect female readers' self-esteem
'I would rather never be published again than write a downbeat ending'
Dean Burnett: Whether it's obscenity trials or questionable literature, is it fair, or even possible, to dictate what someone is sexually aroused by?
She'll be 80 this year but is still the outspoken champion of feminism she was 30 years ago, when her world-famous bestseller, Lace, first hit the shelves, writes Rachel Cooke
From kings' mistresses to lusty housewives and rutting polo players, there's wicked entertainment between the covers, writes Rachel Cooke
"I'm finding it so hard to be accepted as a woman journo," Sal wept as she knocked off a bottle of vodka, snorted a gram of coke and had another one-night stand
The only problem with 'chick lit' is the nameJenny GerasPopular fiction written by men experiences none of the contempt directed at Sophie Kinsella. Why must its pleasures be 'guilty'?
With her Shopaholic series of novels, Sophie Kinsella is the quintessential chick-lit writer. Is she offended by the label? And why does she write about women who are obsessed with handbags?
Jennifer Weiner complains of gender bias in reviewing, Teddy Wayne argues male writers are worse off than women
Jenny Colgan thought that when she and her family moved to France, her children would still be 'anglophone on the inside', but au contraire …
Alison Flood: Should readers get to decide how a plot proceeds? You decide


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Radko Gudas Philadelphia Flyers Autographed Check Photo
After being acquired from the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2015, Radko Gudas assumed the long-standing Flyers tradition of team enforcer. He has earned a reputation during his time in Philadelphia because of his hard-hitting play style. All autographed memorabilia comes with a certificate of authenticity and matching hologram.
- Hand-Signed by Philadelphia Flyers enforcer Radko Gudas
- Signature is in bold blue on the photo
- Authenticated with serially numbered hologram and certificate
- Available in 8" x 10" and 11" x 14"
- Framed and matted photos are professional quality
- Framed 8" x 10" photo comes in 13" x 16" frame
- Framed 11" x 14" photo comes in 18" x 22" frame
- Custom framing options available - contact our storefront for information regarding customizing this in the frame and matting colors of your choice! Add a nameplate and team logo medallions! Please allow additional time for framing and shipping.
We Also Recommend


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Party Entertainment
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I'm an imaginative and a Professional Face painter, offering very unique and dazzling designs for face painting and glitter tattoos, ready to make your next event sparkles with shiny memories.
All the face paints I use are FDA approved, Yet all rates are reasonable, So contact me NOW to book an appointment.


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The best there is!!! My attorney for life! He knows his stuff and will get you the best results! Important to note that HE will handle your case...not some paralegal or someone with less experience like the "big box attorneys" do. He treats you as a person...not a number.
I know for a fact that he has many repeat customers.
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Superb! Mr. Reiff geniunely cares. I wouldn't use anybody else and highly recommend him. Unlike many other attorneys, he returns calls the same day...in most cases the same hour. He is honest, hard working, knows what he is talking about, will fight for you, and get you the most money possible. Stop looking and use him.


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"The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step." Lao Tzu
One change – whether it be a new idea, decision or habit – can be enough to completely change your life. Most of us have lifestyle habits we would like to change. Life would be richer and more productive if we took better care of our bodies, minds, and spirits. That's because small changes, with time, can snowball into something much, much greater. Some of these small choices and new ways of looking at the world could change your life in great ways.
Get some sleep
Sleep is more important than most people realize. Sleeping poorly ruins your day. People who sleep less tend to have more symptoms of depression, lower
Develop positive thinking
Sure, positive thinking by itself won't lead to success, but it certainly goes a long way to motivate you to do the other things required. Start by becoming more aware of your negative self-talk — do a little tally sheet throughout the day, marking a tally each time you notice a negative thought. Soon you'll recognize them, and you can squash them out.
Under-Promise and Over-Deliver
This is a great way to impress people. The last thing you want to do is make promises which you won't be able to keep. At work
Smile and the world
READ ALSO: How to Get Job at an NGO in Nigeria
Apart from making a difference in someone else's life and/ or helping the environment, volunteering will improve your life by helping you to meet new people, develop new skills, build self-confidence and feel valued.
Judge less, accept more
No one is perfect. Everyone has a story, a battle of some sort, that no one else knows about. Keep this in
READ ALSO: 18 Hard Realities You Have To Accept To Be Successful
There are endless benefits to both formal and informal study. Some of these include: enhancing your career prospects, developing skills and subject knowledge, and personal growth and satisfaction.
Forgive others
No matter what someone has done to us in the past, if we cannot learn to forgive them then our anger, bitterness and despair will control our lives.
Drink Water
Having a glass of water first thing in the morning helps rid your body of toxins that have been stored overnight. Not only does it aid your digestive tract, it also boosts your metabolism, helping you feel energized sooner. Also, you should drink a glass of water before every meal.
Get regular exercise
If there is one magic bullet for increased body and brain health, including increased memory, it is sensible regular exercise. Our brain is especially available for new learning and positive new ideas in the hours immediately following exercise.
Keep Things Tidy
Picking up, keeping things organized, and even just making the bed helps us feel better. It prepares us for visitors, helps us be more efficient, allows for a better night's sleep, and even helps us get along with our spouse and our children better. Make it a habit to rinse the dish after you eat off it and to make your bed the moment you get up. Your day and attitude will benefit.
READ ALSO: 13 Words You
You can change nearly any area of your


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(Certain conditions do apply and application usage may support a recurring cost or charge.)
is an application, which helps you to determine the design loads according to the National Building Code of Canada 1995 (Limits States Design).
he first section of the program contains the list of ground snow loads and rain loads for all the Canadian provinces and territories as listed in the National Building Code of Canada. For the province of Quebec, this list is extending to more than 400 municipalities. There is even the ability to use your own imperial or metric load values.
he central section gives you the result according to the rules of TPIC. These results will be used for the analysis loading in your roof truss software.
he last section helps you to determine the accumulations of snow caused by an adjacent building respecting the rules of the NBCC.
Copyright (c) Jager Metal Products Last updated - 06/07/2006


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- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Furniture & Furnishings
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Jan 29, 2008
- Channel: Auction House
You are bidding on a really cute VALENTINE'S DAY pie bird created by RACHEL BASS daughter of world renowned pie bird maker, Stuart Bass. Rachel is currently retired as are all of her pie birds. She always worked with limited editions, and this Valentine's Day pie bird is #7 of 250
New, hand numbered and artist signed on the inside. It will also come with a little certificate of authenticity. I always charge exact postage and never a handling fee This pie bird will be shipped USPS First Class for $2.50. If others are added to the box, it will be shipped priority mail. Thanks for dropping by!
* * * * * * * *
Want to see MORE Bass pie birds? Go to CATPARS
Thanks for stopping by, and good luck bidding.
Click ~~ to learn how to use a pie bird!


text: Best Valentine Day Message Best Valentine Day Message Ok!!! so before Valentines Day arrives, lets clear few things.. we have Mother's Day to show mom how much we love her.. Father's Day to express love to dad, Independence Day n Republic Day for nation, Birthday forRead More Valentine Day Hindi True Love Shayari Valentine Day Hindi True Love Shayari Kaash Ki Ek Baar, Ab Voh Bhi Keh De Ki… – – – Main Bhi Tanha Hoon… Tere Liye, Teri Tarah, Teri Kasam !! Click On Image to Read This Beautiful Valentine Day Hindi TrueRead More Love Quote Wallpaper Love Quote Wallpaper + True Love Poems I Can't Live without you !! Being so close to you is so pleasant, I just wish I could hold every moment, and place them deep inside my heart, keeping them safe from the worldRead More Valentine Day Love Message Cards Below is a collection of Valentine Day Love Message Cards. Here are some selected Valentine Day Love Messages. Have a look… I could search my whole life but never can find another you..I love my life because it gave me you…. IRead More Cute Expression Of Love Cute Expression Of Love Presenting below some art work depicting Cute Expression Of Love.Have a look and feel the passion. Now a days people are so casual in saying "I LOVE YOU" to their partners, that they have forgotten I LOVE YOU'Read More Latest Lovely Valentine's Day Quotes/Wallpapers Latest Lovely Valentine's Day Quotes/Wallpapers Check out some really cool and Latest Lovely Valentine's Day Quotes/ Wallpapers after some love quotes. Love is when… He starts geting serious abt his life, n she stops thinking abt it.. He starts saving money 2Read More123456