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Appendix:Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms/S/3
- Alaska. Placers adjacent to the seashore to which the waves have access.
- See: plankton bloom.
- a. Old name for bituminous coal; so named either because it was exported by sea from collieries in coastal districts, or because it was at first applied to coal washed ashore from deposits below sea level.
b. Coal dug from the earth; so called formerly to distinguish it from charcoal, because it was brought to London by sea. Known formerly as pit coal or earth coal. c. U.S. Rare. Soft coal as distinguished from anthracite. d. Archaic. Mineral coal. e. Pulverized bituminous coal used as a foundry facing.
- The currents that constitute part of the general oceanic circulation. Syn. for ocean current.
- See: trench.
- a. An early syn. for meerschaum.
b. See: sepiolite.
- Wire strand construction having one size of wires for the outer layer with the same number of smaller wires in the underlayer. Both layers have the same length and direction of lay.
- In mining, portion of underground workings sealed off, usually because of fire (in which case no air is allowed to enter) or because no mineable coal remains in the area. See also: unsealing.
- A part of a mine that has been sealed off from the rest of the mine. The object of sealing off a fire area is to: (1) contain the trouble, and to prevent an explosion that may occur inby from extending to other parts of the mine; (2) build up an extinctive atmosphere inside the sealed-off area; and (3) prevent the access of air to the inby side of the seal.
- A wire rope that has six or eight strands each, having a large center wire covered by nine small wires that are covered in turn by nine large wires.
- A wire rope with the inner and outer layers consisting of the same number of wires, the outer being larger and lying in the grooves or valleys between the inner wires. Both layers are stranded or laid in one operation. Extra support is given to the outer wires by this method and the wires are in line contact throughout and there is no internal crosscutting of wires.
- The deduction made from a measured length of a base line to establish its true length at sea level. See also: tape corrections.
- a. Shutting off all air from a mine or portion of a mine, a practice used in an emergency to check fire by eliminating oxygen. Also, as a routine shutting-off method for worked-out areas in some mines.
b. Sealing is used to overcome mine fires when other methods have failed. It involves the erection of temporary or permanent seals for the purpose of cutting off the oxygen supply to the area on fire. Sealing causes the fire to extinguish itself by consuming the oxygen in the sealed off area. c. Cutting off the air supply to effect extinction of underground fires by erecting sandbag stoppings at convenient places. The combustion process uses up the available oxygen within the sealed area, the process is arrested and the hot ground cools down gradually as the heat is conducted away by the surrounding cooler strata. See also: fire seal. d. Closing pores in anodic coatings to render them less absorbent. e. Plugging leaks in a casting by introducing thermosetting plastics into porous areas and subsequently setting the plastice with heat.
- Pieces of wood full of resin found in brown coal. When ignited they burn, melting and giving off soot and an aromatic odor like sealing wax.
- The use of a cement or other sealant in a borehole. Seal off is not synonymous with blankoff and case off, where securing the walls of a borehole is accomplished by setting pipe or casing. CF: blankoff; seal.
- a. A stratum or bed of coal or other mineral; generally applied to large deposits of coal.
b. A particular bed or vein in a series of beds; it is usually said of coal but may also pertain to ore minerals. c. A thin layer or stratum of rock separating two distinctive layers of different composition or greater magnitude. d. A joint, cleft, or fissure. Syn: crevice. e. A plane in a coalbed at which the different layers of coal are easily separated. f. A very narrow vein. g. See: joint line.
- An orthorhombic mineral, Mn (sub 3) (PO (sub 4) )B(OH) (sub 6) ; pale- to wine-yellow; in the Chicagoan Mine, near Iron River, MI.
- A line drawn on a plan joining points on the floor or roof of a seam that have the same height above a prescribed datum.
- An elevation of the sea floor, 1000 m or higher, either flat-topped (called a guyot) or peaked (called a seapeak). Seamounts may be either discrete, arranged in a linear or random grouping, or connected at their bases and aligned along a ridge or rise.
- A shot that merely blows out a soft stratum in the coal or escapes through a seam without loosening the main mass of coal. In Arkansas, called squeal-out.
- Full of seams, so as to be difficult to blast.
- a. Sensitive device, using the mine-detector principle, for locating ferromagnetic material that is to be removed before ore treatment. It typically monitors a stream of ore passing along a conveyor belt, which it stops when iron is detected.
b. Coil that is used in electromagnetic methods for measuring the magnetic field that is associated with the electric current.
- Any area searched during interpolation between sample data points. Applies to any interpolation method where a limited number of sample data points are used to estimate intermediate values.
- A monoclinic mineral, NaBSi (sub 2) O (sub 5) (OH) (sub 2) ; forms minute spherulites composed of radiating fibers; at Searles Lake, CA.
- A source of trona, Na (sub 3) (CO (sub 3) )(HCO (sub 3) ).2H (sub 2) O . Occurs in Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, CA.
- Sand containing alkaline salts that attract and retain moisture and cause efflorescence in brick masonry.
- An area of sea surface, variable in size and markedly different in appearance, with color and/or oiliness; usually caused by plankton blooms.
- Applied to quarrystone after the moisture has dried out.
- A mode of treatment of iron castings that are allowed to remain in storage, or to stand out in the open, for a more or less extended period, e.g., 6 months, to effect a reduction in the residual stresses and consequently in the degree of distortion during subsequent machining. A very similar result can often be obtained by a comparatively short period, e.g., 30 min, of tumbling. Since stress relieving by heat treatment is a more certain process, and seasoning involves much delay and the use of considerable space for storage, stress relieving is more usually employed.
- The drying of the sap and moisture in the woody fibers and thus reducing the timber by shrinkage. It becomes more durable and weighs less. Timber may be air-dried, i.e., dried naturally in air, or kiln-dried, which means dried in kilns under the action of artificial heat. The former is more general. See also: timber preservation.
- Numerical or written description of ocean surface roughness.
- a. The underclay or fireclay on which a coal seam rests. Also called seating.
b. The foundation or framework on which a structure rests; e.g., engine seat, cage seat.
- See: underclay.
- a. A British term for a bed of rock underlying a coal seam, representing an old soil that supported the vegetation from which the coal was formed; specif. underclay. A highly siliceous seat earth is known locally as ganister. Also spelled: seatearth. Syn: seat rock; seat stone; hard seat.
b. A bed representing oil soil, usually containing abundant rootlets, underlying a coal seam. c. The soil on which the coal forests fluorished. d. Stratum underlying the valuable seam. Floor of a coal seam. See also: underlying; underclay.
- a. Placed in position.
b. Closed by pressing the closure part of a valve against its seat.
- The surface of the point of support for a heavy load.
- The deposit of soil under a loaded foundation within which the major settlement occurs. See also: excavation deformation; settlement.
- See: seat earth.
- See: seat earth.
- Crude potassium chloride obtained by solar evaporation of brine from a lake south of Gabes, Tunisia.
- See: sabkha.
- Materials such as concrete or prestressing wire have a variable Young's modulus (E) so that the particular value of E adopted must be either the slope of the tangent to the stress-strain curve or that of the secant. The latter is the line that joins the origin of the curve to, for instance, the 0.1% proof stress, expressed on the curve. For a material within its elastic range, the secant will coincide with the tangent. See also: modulus of elasticity.
- Deposits that result from supergene enrichment.
- A term applied in the early 19th century as a syn. of Floetz. It was later applied to the extensive series of stratified rocks separating the older Primary and the younger Tertiary rocks, and ranging from the Silurian to the Cretaceous; still later, it was restricted to the whole of the Mesozoic Era. The term was abandoned in the late 19th century in favor of Mesozoic.
- Said of metal obtained from scrap rather than from ore.
- In a combustion chamber, air that meets with primary air to consume the fuel completely and complete combustion.
- See: geochemical anomaly.
- Ash in coal derived from mineral matter precipitated in cleat clavities, etc. See also: extraneous ash.
- A beam supported off, and transferring loads to, main beams that are themselves carried directly by the walls or columns.
- Irrespective of the method of primary blasting employed, it may be necessary to reblast a proportion of the rock on the quarry floor so as to reduce it to a size suitable for handling by the excavators and crushers available. Two methods of secondary blasting of rock are available. The first, called the plaster or mudcap method, is to fire a charge of explosive placed on the rock and covered with clay, the shock of the detonating explosive breaking the block. The second technique, known as pop-shooting, is to drill a hole into the block and fire a small charge in this hole, which is usually stemmed with quarry fines. Also called blistering; bulldozing. See also: plaster shooting; popping; snakeholing; pop shot; boulder blasting.
- A group of flotation cells in which a product from the primary cells is retreated.
- A clay that has been transported from its place of formation and redeposited elsewhere. CF: residual clay; primary clay. See: sedimentary clay.
- Consolidation of sedimentary material, at essentially constant pressure, resulting from internal processes such as recrystallization.
- Deformation of a material under a constant differential stress, with the strain-time relationship as a constant. CF: primary creep. Syn: steady-state creep.
- Crushing and pulverizing machines next in line after the primary crushing to further reduce the particle size of shale or other rock. See also: primary crusher. This group of machines includes the finer types of jaw crusher and gyratory crusher, and also crushing rolls, hammer mills, and edge runner mills.
- In ore dressing, the second stage of grinding in which the discharge from the primary crusher is broken down to a size suitable for feed to fine grinding machines.
- a. Made when the sediments already deposited are eroded and redeposited.
b. A mineral deposit formed when a primary mineral deposit is subjected to chemical and/or mechanical alteration. Secondary deposits are divided into three groups: sedimentary rocks, secondarily enriched ore deposits, and residual or detrital ore deposits.
- Geochemical dispersion of elements by processes originating at the surface of the Earth; opposite of primary dispersion. Secondary patterns are those formed at the Earth's surface by weathering, erosion, or surface transportation. Secondary patterns have been classified more in detail as halos, fans, and trains, depending on the characteristic shape of the pattern and its geometric relationship to the ore deposit or other source.
- The process of drilling the so-called "popholes" for the purpose of breaking the larger masses of rock thrown down by the primary blast.
- If an operation agitates or disperses dust, it is a secondary source. See also: primary source.
- Deposition, around a clastic mineral grain, of material of the same composition as that grain and in optical and crystallographic continuity with it, often resulting in crystal faces characteristic of the original mineral; e.g., the addition of a quartz overgrowth around a silica grain in sandstone.
- See: supergene enrichment.
- See: geochemical environment.
- Any fan installed underground to ventilate tunnels or workings where the air current is sluggish. See also: mine ventilation auxiliary fan; booster fan.
- This cycle is comprised of the processes of weathering, soil formation, erosion, transportation, and sedimentation.
- Further comminution of material already reduced to sand sizes in rod or ball mills.
- Further increase in hardness produced on tempering high-speed steel after quenching due to precipitation of carbides.
- That portion of the haulage system that collects the coal from the various gathering-haulage delivery points and delivers it to the main haulage system.
- Lead derived from salvage of wornout end-product items, such as battery plates, cable covering, pipe and sheet, which are collected, remelted, and refined in secondary smelters to produce refined lead or various lead-base alloys.
- Metal recovered from scrap by remelting and refining.
- Metal recovered from scrap by remelting and refining.
- A mineral formed later than the rock enclosing it, usually at the expense of an earlier-formed primary mineral, as a result of weathering, metamorphism, or exsolution.
- A mineral deposit formed when a primary mineral deposit is subjected to alterations through chemical and/or mechanical weathering. Secondary deposits are divided into three groups: sedimentary rocks, secondarily enriched mineral deposits, and residual or detrital mineral deposits.
- Porosity developed after the formation of a deposit and resulting from subsequent fracturing, replacement, solution, or weathering.
- See: middlings.
- A refuse elevator that extracts the second or lighter reject; usually situated at the discharge end of the washbox.
- Rocks composed of particles derived from the erosion or weathering of preexisting rocks, such as residual, chemical, or organic rocks formed of detrital, precipitated, or organically accumulated materials; specif., clastic sedimentary rocks.
- a. The period following the primary settling in surface subsidence in which the surface subsides gradually. This period may continue for many years or even decades. CF: primary settling.
b. Residual subsidence.
- The shaft that extends a mine downwards from the bottom of the primary shaft but not in line with the primary shaft.
- In quarrying, the reduction in size or dimension of blasted rock by additional or secondary blasting.
- The main air splits occur at the shaft bottom. In most cases, these splits are again separated at some point inby and these are called secondary splits. See also: ventilation; splitting.
- A structure that originated after the deposition or emplacement of the rock in which it is found, such as a fault, fold, or joint produced by tectonic movement; esp. an epigenetic sedimentary structure, such as a concretion or nodule produced by chemical action, or a sedimentary dike formed by infilling. CF: primary structure.
- See: sulfide zone.
- Twinning produced subsequent to the original formation of a crystal.
- A vein discovered subsequent to the one on which a mining claim was based; an incidental vein. CF: discovery vein.
- Water entering the mine from other workings, as opposed to water inherent in the area worked by the mine.
- See: S wave; transverse wave; distortional wave.
- A lever whose force is exerted between the fulcrum and the point where it is applied.
- An ore that needs preliminary treatment before it is of a sufficiently high grade to be acceptable for shipment or market. CF: first-class ore. Syn: milling ore.
- A unit of 1 ft (super 3) /s (0.0283 m (super 3) /s). Usually abbreviated to cusec.
- The volume of water represented by a flow of 1 ft (super 3) /s (0.0283 m (super 3) /s) for 24 hours. It is 86,400 ft (super 3) (2,445 m (super 3) ), or nearly 2 acre-feet (actually 1.9835); a convenient unit in storage computations.
- a. The recovery of pillar coal after first-mining in chambers has been completed.
b. The recovery of pillars after development of block pillars by the multiple entry system has completed a panel.
- The correct term for the moment of inertia (I) of the plane area of a section.
- Aust. Supposed to be due to the ignition of gases developed from highly heated coal dust, and gases sucked out of the faces of coal by the partial vacuum resulting from the primary explosion, or liberated by the fall of roof. CF: retonation wave.
- An emergency exit from a mine to the surface. Also called second opening; escapeway.
- The first back ripping on a roadway. See also: back brusher.
- N.S.W. The second-class ore that requires dressing.
- A unit of viscosity in drilling mud as measured with a Marsh funnel according to American Petroleum Institute procedure.
- In mine subsidence, the powerful thrust or pressure, generally 20 to 40 ft (6 to 12 m) from the face, that causes distance from the roof to the floor to diminish rapidly and for packwalls to become compressed or pushed down into a soft bottom. Timber legs or metal supports (if any) in the gates are generally broken or twisted.
- of years before being termed a first-class miner.
- a. The operation of getting or working out the coal pillars formed by the first working.
b. In coal mining, unless the pillars of coal are left permanently to support the surface, they are removed. This phase of mining is called the second working or pillar working. When the pillars are removed, nearly all of the coal has been recovered. CF: first working. Also called pillar working. See also: working the broken.
- A finely ground plastic clay that in proportions not lower than 6% gives satisfactory green strength when used as a bond with molding sand.
- a. The act or process by which animals and plants transform mineral material from solution into skeletal forms.
b. A secondary structure formed of material deposited from solution within a cavity in a rock, esp. a deposit formed on or parallel to the walls of the cavity; e.g., a mineral vein, an amygdule, or a geode. The space may be completely or only partly filled. CF: concretion.
- a. Capable of being cut with a knife without breaking off in pieces.
b. Said of a mineral that can be cut with a knife; e.g., argentite. c. A physical property of minerals permitting shaving of curls with a knife; e.g., gypsum. CF: malleable.
- A mineral is said to be sectile when it may be cut with a knife, but is not malleable, for example, graphite.
- a. A portion of the working area of a mine.
b. Representation of features such as mine workings or geological features on a vertical (or inclined) plane. A longitudinal section is parallel to the strike of a vein or geologic plane. A cross section is perpendicular to the strike. c. Detailed measurement, taken vertically, of a coal vein or of strata embracing several veins. d. A drawing or diagram of the strata sunk through in a shaft or inclined plane, or proved by boring. e. The local series of beds constituting a group or formation. f. A piece of land that is 1 square mile (2.59 km (super 2) ) or 640 acres (259 ha) in area forming one of the 36 subdivisions of a township in a U.S. public-land survey.
sectionalizing circuit breaker
- See: circuit breaker.
sectional mining belt conveyor
- A belt conveyor so arranged that it can be lengthened or shortened by the addition or the removal of interchangeable increments or parts.
- A water tank built up of standardized pressed steel units having external flanges that are bolted together in an assembly for varying sizes of tank.
- A conveyor that is lengthened or shortened by adding or removing intermediate sections.
- A more or less loosely used term applied to the assistant mine foreman in charge of an area, although used in law in some states in lieu of assistant foreman and certified as such.
- See: section modulus.
- In anthracite and bituminous coal mining, a foreman who has complete charge of a section of a mine. Syn: section man.
- See: caliper log.
- See: section foreman.
- The term pertains to the cross section of a beam. The section modulus with respect to either principal central axis is the moment of inertia with respect to that axis divided by the distance from that axis to the most remote point of the section. The section modulus largely determines the flexural strength of a beam of given material. Also called section factor.
- A part of a rectifier unit with its auxiliaries that may be operated independently.
- A roller gate in which the roller is in the form of a sector of a circle instead of being cylindrical.
- Said of a process or event lasting or persisting for an indefinitely long period of time, e.g., secular variation; progressive or cumulative rather than cyclic.
- A relatively large, slow change in part of the Earth's magnetic field caused by the internal state of the planet and having a form roughly to be expected from a simple, but not quite uniformly polarized sphere.
- A dike that has been intruded into hot country rock. Pegmatites and aplites commonly occur in this mode.
- Formed in place, without transportation, by the disintegration of the underlying rock or by the accumulation of organic material; said of some soils, etc.
- a. Solid fragmental material that originates from weathering of rocks and is transported or deposited by air, water, or ice, or that accumulates by other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation from solution or secretion by organisms, and that forms in layers on the Earth's surface at ordinary temperatures in a loose, unconsolidated form; e.g., sand, gravel, silt, mud, alluvium.
b. Strictly, solid material that has settled down from a state of suspension in a liquid. In the singular, the term is usually applied to material held in suspension in water or recently deposited from suspension. In the plural, the term is applied to all kinds of deposits, and refers to essentially unconsolidated materials. CF: deposit.
- a. adj. Pertaining to or containing sediment; e.g., sedimentary deposit or a sedimentary complex.
b. Formed by the deposition of sediment (e.g., a sedimentary clay), or pertaining to the process of sedimentation (e.g., sedimentary volcanism).---n. A sedimentary rock or deposit.
- a. Mineral matter introduced into the coal substance during its accumulation. See also: extraneous ash.
b. Ash in coal derived from the mud mixed up with plant debris during the formation of coal.
- A clay that has been geologically transported from the site of its formation and redeposited elsewhere. The English ball clays, for example, are secondary kaolins. CF: primary clay. Syn: secondary clay.
- See: cycle of sedimentation.
- A sedimentary rock of ore grade; an ore deposit formed by sedimentary processes, e.g., saline residues, phosphatic deposits, or iron ore of the Clinton ore type.
- The description and classification of sedimentary rocks. Syn: sedimentography.
- The study of the composition, characteristics, and origin of sediments and sedimentary rocks.
- A rock resulting from the consolidation of loose sediment that has accumulated in layers; e.g., a clastic rock (such as conglomerate or tillite) consisting of mechanically formed fragments of older rock transported from its source and deposited in water or from air or ice; or a chemical rock (such as rock salt or gypsum) formed by precipitation from solution; or an organic rock (such as certain limestones) consisting of the remains or secretions of plants and animals. The term is restricted by some authors to include only those rocks consisting of mechanically derived sediment; others extend it to embrace all rocks other than purely igneous and completely metamorphic rocks, thereby including pyroclastic rocks composed of fragments blown from volcanoes and deposited on land or in water. Syn: stratified rock; derivative rock.
- Rocks formed by the accumulation of sediment in water (aqueous deposits) or from air (eolian deposits). The sediment may consist of rock fragments or particles of various sizes (conglomerate sandstone, shale); of the remains or products of animals or plants (certain limestones and coal); of the product of chemical action or of evaporation (salt, gypsum, etc.); or of mixtures of these materials. Some sedimentary deposits (tuffs) are composed of fragments blown from volcanoes and deposited on land or in water. A characteristic feature of sedimentary deposits is a layered structure known as bedding or stratification. Each layer is a bed or stratum. Sedimentary beds as deposited lie flat or nearly flat. See: stratified rocks.
- a. A tuff containing a subordinate amount of nonvolcanic detrital material.
b. A deposit of reworked tuff and other detrital material.
- a. The act or process of settling particles by mechanical means from a state of suspension in air or water.
b. Method of classification by exploitation of free-falling rates of minute (subsieve) particles.
- Apparatus used to measure settling rate of small particles dispersed in liquid. One scale-pan is immersed in the mixture, and the balance is adjusted by increasing the counterweight at suitable time intervals. Alternatively, a float is suspended, and the compensating external weight is reduced as the density of the suspension surrounding the float is reduced by settlement of its solids.
- A test used when selecting materials for stabilized road construction and concrete. Soil, after pretreatment, is shaken up in water and allowed to settle out. The change in specific gravity of the suspended matter with time is measured, and the equivalent diameter is calculated from Stokes' law. See also: organic test; Stokes' law.
- The direction in which sediments were laid down. Uranium mineralization often follows such trends, owing to increased porosity, carbon precipitants, and other factors.
- A layer or deposit formed under essentially constant physical conditions, distinguished from other units by differences in grain size and/or fabric, indicating changes in velocity and/or direction of flow.
- The dilution and settling of sediment in a cloud as it advects from a point source.
- See: sedimentary petrography.
- The scientific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by which they were formed; the description, classification, origin, and interpretation of sediments.
- A long open tube fixed above the core barrel in the shot-drill method of exploratory boring. The enlarged space above the sediment tube reduces the upward velocity of the flushing water and the coarse chippings are deposited in the tube where they are retained until drawn up to the surface. Also called calyx; sludge barrel.
- A sedimentary dike formed by the filling of a fissure from above with sedimentary material.
- The phenomenon involved in the operation of a thermocouple. Named for Thomas Seebeck, the German scientist, who first observed the phenomenon in 1822. See also: thermocouple.
- A small charge of material added to a supersaturated solution to initiate precipitation.
- Gypsum beds of loose small crystals.
- In chemical treatment, addition of tiny crystals of material to a supersaturated solution to induce nuclear precipitation.
- See: line of seepage.
- A small cone, made in the laboratory of a mixture of clay and salt, that softens at a definite, known temperature. It is used in the manufacture of refractories. It has also been used in volcanology to determine the approximate temperature of a molten lava. Syn: pyrometric cone.
- See: sagger.
- a. Pac. To separate the undivided joint ownership of a mining claim into smaller individually segregated claims.
b. In geology, to separate from the general mass, and collect together or become concentrated at a particular place or in a certain region, such as in the process of crystallization or solidification. See also: segregated vein.
- A fissure whose mineral filling is derived from the country rock by the action of percolating water. CF: infiltration vein. See also: lateral secretion.
- a. A secondary feature formed as a result of chemical rearrangement of minor constituents within a sediment after its deposition; e.g., a nodule of iron sulfide, a concretion of calcium carbonate, or a geode.
b. Partial reseparation of a previously mixed batch of material into its constituents, as a result of differences in particle size or density. Segregation can occur in storage bins, on conveyors, and in feeders during dry or semidry processing.
- A compositional banding in gneisses that is not primary in origin, but rather is the result of segregation of material from an originally more nearly homogeneous rock.
- The survey of a mining claim located on lands classified as agricultural.
- See: cobaltite.
- A monoclinic mineral, Na (sub 4) MnTi(Zr (sub 1.5) Ti (sub 0.5) )O (sub 2) (F,OH)(Si (sub 2) O (sub 7) ) ; forms brown-red needles embedded in microcline in a nepheline syenite pegmatite; near Lake Seidozero, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
- A long, sharp-crested dune extending in the direction of the wind that constructed it.
- In this instrument, the internal comparison lamp is set to a standard brightness as indicated by a photoelectric cell and not by reference to a voltmeter or ammeter.
- a. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or produced by earthquakes or earth vibration; as, seismic disturbances; seismic records.
b. Pertaining to sound waves generated by earthquakes or artificially by explosives to map subsurface structure.
- See: seismicity.
- A quick, easy, and inexpensive method of determining the consolidation of overburden. The process is based on the principle that sound or shock waves travel through different subsurface materials at varying speeds and along different paths. By this method the operator can determine whether overburden can be ripped or whether it will need to be drilled and blasted.
- The region affected by a particular earthquake.
- a. One of the broad, more or less well-defined, elongate zones in which most earthquakes originate.
b. An elongate earthquake zone, esp. a zone of subduction or sea-floor spreading.
- See: seismometer.
- See: diffraction.
- See: seismograph drill.
- Applied to any definite signal change or amplitude difference on a seismic record. It may be a reflection, a refraction, a diffraction, or a random signal.
- Special forms of blasting gelatin, or gelatin and ammonia gelatin dynamites, used in geophysical prospecting by the seismic method; developed to shoot consistently at their characteristic rate of detonation under unusually heavy water pressure.
- The place of origin within the Earth of an earthquake; usually some more or less restricted area of a fault surface. If the focus is to be some particular point, it is the central point of the area over which fault movement occurred and caused the earthquake.
- a. Measure of frequency and magnitudes of earthquakes in a given area; e.g., the average number of earthquakes per year and per 100 km (super 2)
b. The phenomenon of earth movements.
- A geophysical prospecting method based on the fact that the speeds of transmission of shock waves through the Earth vary with the elastic constants and the densities of the rocks through which the waves pass. A seismic wave is initiated by firing an explosive charge (or by equivalent artificial sources) at a known point (the shot point); records are made of the travel times taken for selected seismic waves to arrive at sensitive recorders (geophones). There are two main subdivisions of seismic operations: the reflection method and the refraction method. The seismic method has been applied to a lesser extent to elucidate mining problems, partly due to its high cost. It has been used to investigate the base of drift deposits, and drift-filled channels have been successfully outlined.
- See: microseism.
- A method of geophysical prospecting in which vibrations are set up by firing small explosive charges in the ground or by other artificial sources. Precise measurements of the resulting waves are taken, from which the nature and extent of underlying strata are revealed.
- In this geophysical prospecting technique, the structure of subsurface formations is mapped by making use of the times required for a seismic wave (or pulse), generated in the Earth by a near-surface explosion of dynamite or by other artificial sources, to return to the surface after reflection from the formations themselves. The reflections are recorded by detecting instruments responsive to ground motion, which are laid along the ground near the site of generation of the seismic pulse. Variations in the reflection times from place to place on the surface usually indicate structural features in the rock below. Syn: reflection method.
- In refraction shooting, the detecting instruments are laid down at a distance from the shothole that is large compared with the depth of the horizon to be mapped. The seismic waves travel large horizontal distances along distinct interfaces in the Earth, and the time required for travel gives information on the velocity and depth of certain subsurface formations.
- a. The initiation of seismic waves in the rocks by the firing of an explosive charge at a known point. The disturbance must be capable of accurate timing and must be such that, after traveling considerable distances through varying strata, it produces a sharply defined effect on the seismograph. These requirements may be supplied by the shock produced by detonating a charge of high explosive. The intensity of the shock and its effective range can be controlled by varying the quantity of explosive charge. See also: reflection shooting; refraction shooting.
b. A method of geophysical prospecting in which elastic waves are produced in the Earth by the firing of explosives or by other means. See also: reflection shooting; refraction shooting.
- A hole drilled for a seismic shot. It is usually a slim hole, although it has also been termed core hole. See also: slim hole; structure test hole.
- See: seismometer spread.
- An exploration technique utilizing the variation in the rate of propagation of shock waves in layered media. It is used primarily to delineate subsurface geologic structures of possible economic importance.
- The Earth motion produced by a natural (earthquake) or synthetic disturbance on the surface or underground; utilized in the seismic method of geophysical exploration and for investigating the Earth's interior. Three types of waves are produced: (1) longitudinal or P waves; (2) traverse or S waves; and (3) surface or Raleigh and L waves. The speed of propagation is characteristic for each type of rock, depending largely on its compactness. In sandy clay, the speed of the P wave is about 4,000 ft/s (1.22 km/s); in sandstone, 10,000 ft/s (3.05 km/s); and in igneous rock up to 22,000 ft/s (6.71 km/s).
- An instrument designed to check ground stability. It amplifies 2.5 million times, and can detect a rock movement as small as 0.000001 in (2.54 mu m). Receiving phones are placed in holes in the area being tested. Either earphones or automatic recording apparatus may be used for listening. A rate of 3 or more microseisms per second indicates probable collapse, and any rate over 25 or 30 per minute is considered dangerous. This instrument is also finding use above ground in checking highway cut slopes.
- The record of Earth motion made by a seismograph.
- a. This process produces an artificial reflection record from a continuous-velocity log or an electric log. With this system the log is converted from a depth scale to a time scale and is run through a scanning device that transforms the fluctuations on the log into electrical impulses that vary with time so as to simulate reflections. These impulses are passed through appropriate filters and are then recorded on an oscillograph in the same way as signals from a geophone.
b. The theoretically calculated ground motion that would be recorded for a given Earth structure and seismic source.
- a. An instrument that detects, magnifies, and records motions of the Earth, esp. those caused by earthquakes or explosions. The resulting record is a seismogram. CF: seismometer; geophone.
b. The instrument used to record the reception of the waves in the sound seismic method. It works on the general principle that its frame is shaken by the arrival of the waves, while a pendulum of high inertia, mounted in it, remains stationary. The relative movement of the frame and the pendulum is magnified by optical means in the seismograph and by electrical amplifiers in the geophone. The instrument can also detect and record earthquakes. See also: geophone; vibrograph.
- A rotary drill, pump, and hinged mast mounted as an integral drilling unit on a truck body and used primarily to drill vertical shallow holes in which explosives are placed and detonated to produce shock waves from the rock strata, which then are measured by seismic recording instruments. Also called jackknife rig; rotary shot drill; shothole drill. Syn: seismic drill.
- A collared, tapered, V-thread-coupling drill rod used on seismograph drills.
- a. The science of earthquakes and attendant phenomena.
b. A geophysical science that is concerned with the study of earthquakes and measurement of the elastic properties of the Earth. c. The study of earthquakes, and of the structure of the Earth, by both natural and artificially generated seismic waves.
- An instrument that detects Earth motions. Syn: seismic detector. CF: geophone; hydrophone; seismograph.
- Distance between successive seismometer positions.
- A set of seismometers, placed along a straight line, that record the same shot.
- An instrument that merely indicates the occurrence of an earthquake. It is considered by some, however, to be the equivalent of a seismometer.
- a. To bind wire rope with soft wire, to prevent it from raveling when cut.
b. See: bind; freeze. c. To cohere or stick to an inadequately lubricated moving part, such as a bearing, piston, or sliding part, through excessive friction, pressure, or temperature. d. To protect rope ends by binding with yarn, marline, or fine wire.
- Dumped fills made up of selected materials. These fills are used when it is desired to utilize a particular property of a soil or rock and this property can be secured solely by selective excavation.
- In coal beneficiation, the separation of coal from associated impurities, usually aided by additions of oily reagents that selectively attach to the coal surfaces. Generally restricted to material of 500 mu m top size. See also: oil agglomeration.
- Crushing in such a manner as to cause one ingredient of the feed to be crushed preferentially to others.
- Separating two or more types of soil while digging them.
- Hand filling, during which the miner rejects stone or dirt and loads only clean coal. Similar methods are adopted in metal mining.
- a. A process for the preferential recovery of a particular ingredient of the coal, e.g., a petrological constituent, by froth flotation.
b. Generally refers to the surface or froth selecting of the valuable minerals rather than the gangue. Sometimes used to mean differential flotation. See also: flotation; preferential flotation.
- Grinding in such a manner as to cause one ingredient of the feed to be ground preferentially to others.
- a. A method of mining whereby ore of high value is mined in such a manner as to make the low-grade ore left in the mine incapable of future profitable extraction. In other words, the best ore is selected in order to make good mill returns, leaving the low-grade ore in the mine. Frequently called robbing a mine. CF: bulk mining.
b. The object of selective mining is to obtain a relatively high-grade mine product; this usually entails the use of a much more expensive stoping system and high exploration and development costs in searching for and developing the separate bunches, stringers, lenses, and bands of ore. In general, selective methods are applicable where the valuable sections of the deposit are rather large, comparatively few in number, and separated by relatively large volumes of waste. Selective methods of stoping are square-set stoping, open stoping in low-dipping beds, and cut-and-fill stoping. c. In coal mining, selective methods may be dictated by market demands and prices. It may be desirable to work the different quality coal seams in such proportions as to obtain a uniform and salable blend over a period of years. In metal mining, the stopes may be restricted in both length and width and thus produce a much higher grade of ore. It is not always practicable to resort to selective mining because the mineralization may be so distributed as to necessitate taking the whole orebody in mining operations.
- The reflection by a substance, such as an opaque gem, of light rays of only certain wavelengths, the others being absorbed. This cause of color in gems is a sort of selective absorption.
- See: differential weathering.
- In mineral processing, development of selective attraction to the water phase of a pulp, as a prelude to flotation of an air-attracted fraction of the contained minerals.
- Criterion of trend in a continuous operation such as mineral processing. Abbrev., S.I.
- In copper smelting, a kind of converter with horizontal tuyeres, to produce bottoms and a purified copper in one operation.
- Sometimes used to designate the best quality of industrials normally used as drill diamonds.
- a. Finely crystallized gypsum.
b. A clear, colorless variety of gypsum, occurring (esp. in clays) in distinct, transparent monoclinic crystals or in large crystalline masses that cleave easily into broad folia. Syn: spectacle stone.
- In mineralogy, a plate of selenite that gives a purplish-red interference color of the first order with crossed polars. Syn: gypsum plate; unit retardation plate; sensitive-tint plate; first-order red plate; Red I plate; Rot I plate.
- A nonmetallic element and member of the sulfur family. Symbol, Se. It is widely distributed in small quantities, usually as selenides of heavy metals. Obtained from electrolytic copper refining. Used in photocells, exposure meters, and solar cells, and extensively in rectifiers.
- See: laitakarite.
- a. Wadsworth's name for rocks composed of gypsum or anhydrite.
b. A mineral, Pb (sub 2) (SeO (sub 4) )(SO (sub 4) ) , reported as white needles with cerussite and molybdomenite at Cacheuta, Argentina. c. Former name for olsacherite. d. Discredited name for downeyite, SeO (sub 2) .
- See: gravity haulage.
- A ventilation door consisting of two halves, so constructed that they are forced apart centrally by the trams as they come in contact with the converging beams that operate them. The door halves move on small pulleys that run on inclined rails so that after the passage of the trams the door closes by gravity.
- a. In transport by mine car, a brake incline. See also: brake incline.
b. See: gravity haulage.
- An inclined plane upon which the weight or force of gravity acting on the full cars is sufficient to overcome the resistance of the empties; in other words, the full car, running down, pulls the other car (empty) up.
- A system of rope haulage used for transporting material on the surface and to transfer loaded cars from one elevation to a lower one in mines. Slope must be sufficiently steep so the loaded cars will pull the empty cars up the grade. Syn: gravity plane rope haulage.
- An assembly of hydraulically operated steel hydraulic supports, on a longwall face, that are moved forward as an integral unit by means of a hydraulic ram coupled to the heavy steel face conveyor. Syn: power-operated supports; walking props. See also: hydraulic chock; steel prop.
- A belt idler that controls and limits the side runout of the carrying belt within practical limits by means of a swivel mechanism.
- A belt idler that controls and limits the side runout of the return belt within practical limits by means of a swivel mechanism.
- A term applied to metals, such as lead, tin, and zinc, that recrystallize at air temperature and in which little strain hardening is produced by cold working.
- A drill chuck that, when closed, automatically positions the drill rod in the center of the drive rod of a diamond-drill swivel head.
- A conveyor belt structure tail pulley which is designed with vanes along the length of the tail pulley and often is hollow in the center to allow any spillage along the return belt to end up at the tail pulley, which allows it to fall to the sides to eliminate the debris.
- The gradient at which flow in a pipe of a particular diameter will carry away any solids in it. This gradient must not be too steep nor too gradual, and is usually established under local laws affecting drains and sewers.
self-contained breathing apparatus
- A self-sufficient breathing unit that permits freedom of movement, unencumbered by air hoses. It offers the wearer respiratory protection in atmospheres that are either oxygen-deficient or too highly toxic to permit the use of gask masks or respirators. The oxygen or air is supplied in compressed form or by chemical generation, and the wearer's exhalations are either purified for re-use or released to the surrounding atmosphere. The equipment is devised to afford protection for special lengths of time, in accordance with the standards set by the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The 2-h apparatus is used for mine rescue and recovery operations; shorter period apparatus is available for industrial uses and auxiliary equipment.
self-contained portable electric lamps
- Electric lamps that are operated by an electric battery; designed to be carried about by the user of the lamp.
- A respiratory device used by miners for the purpose of escape during mine fires and explosions; it provides the wearer a closed-circuit supply of oxygen for a minimum of 10 min and up to 1 h. Syn: SCSR.
- The spontaneous movement of an atom to a new site in a crystal of its own species, such as a copper atom within a crystal of copper.
- Cages in which the cars are generally fitted with end doors; the cage deck is pivoted, and a roller engages with a tipping guide at the surface. As the cage is lifted, toward the end of the wind the deck tilts, the end door is lifted, and the coal is discharged.
- A mine car that can be side-tipped while in motion on a rail track. A ramp structure is fitted alongside the track opposite the spot where tipping is required. The car is fitted with a spherically contoured wheel that engages the ramp and gradually tilts the car while in motion. A chain attachment to the underframe opens the side of the car when tilted for tipping. The ramp can be retracted when not required.
- A brake that is applied partly by friction between its lining and the drum.
- An automatic appliance for feeding ore to stamps or crushers without the employment of hand labor.
self-feeding portable conveyor
- Any type of power-propelled conveyor designed to advance into a pile of bulk material, thereby automatically feeding itself.
- Ores that contain both acid and basic gangue minerals in the proper ratio to form a suitable slag.
- The property of a circuit whereby self-induction occurs. It is measured by the rate of change of linkages in a circuit that accompanies a rate of change of current in that circuit of one unit per second.
- A system of storage in lamp-room-operation charging and issue for alkaline-type car lamps, that allows a user access only to the storage racks for the purpose of lamp collection or return. Charging is controlled by a lamp-room attendant.
- A dumper provided with a bucket, hinged by arms to the chassis, that scoops up the material and discharges it backwards into the hopper. Hydraulic rams control the lift arms, bucket movement, and dumping operation.
- An underreamer having cutters that expand when they come in contact with, and are pressed against, surface. CF: expansion bit; underreamer.
- See: spontaneous.
- See: spontaneous potential curve.
- Strip recording of natural potentials of complex origin, arising in the immediate neighborhood of liquid-filled boreholes. See also: electric logging.
- An electrical exploration method in which one determines the spontaneous electrical potentials (spontaneous polarization) that are caused by electrochemical reactions associated with clay or metallic mineral deposits. Syn: spontaneous-potential method.
- A method of electrical prospecting based on the measurement of natural earth potentials caused by the self-potential effects from orebodies, commonly metallic sulfides.
- A scraper built into a single unit with a tractor.
- A pump of the centrifugal type that combines in a single hydraulic stage and with a single hydraulic impeller and casing the dual ability to pump, under vacuum, either liquids or gases. These pumps are advantageously used for sump, bilge, mine water gathering, tankcar unloading, vacuum evaporator applications, chemical processing, and other uses where the liquid is below the pump centerline, or under high vacuum. The suction lift is usually guaranteed at 20 ft (6.1 m) for cold water at sea level.
- A leveling staff, marked with graduations so that an observer looking through the telescope of a level can read the elevation at which his or her line of sight intersects the staff.
- A small filtering device carried by a miner underground, either on a belt or in a pocket, to provide the miner with immediate protection against carbon monoxide and smoke in case of a mine fire or explosion. The device is used for escape purposes only because it does not sustain life in atmospheres containing deficient oxygen. The length of time a self-rescuer can be used is governed mainly by the humidity in the mine air; e.g., in moist air it will last for a minimum period of 30 min, and in moderately dry atmospheres, for a period of 1 h or more. See also: Siebe-Gorman self-rescuer.
- A system of storage and issue for lead-acid-battery-operated lamps, whereby the user has direct access to the charging racks for the purpose of connecting or disconnecting a lamp from the charging circuit. See also: attendance signaling system; lamp room.
- See: booming; flop gate.
- Fragments of rocks still possessing the original shape and angles, Derbyshire, U.K.
- Applied to an advance gate that carries forward a waste or skip, from 6 to 10 yd (5.5 to 9.1 m) wide, to take all the broken rock produced by the gate rippings. A short face conveyor is usually used to move the coal and dirt as required. The width of the waste is just sufficient for stowing the dirt produced. See also: deepside.
- An anemometer that has a timing device incorporated in it. Twenty seconds after being started, the device automatically engages the pointer with the rotating vanes and after an interval of 1 min disengages it. See also: anemometer.
- An orthorhombic mineral, CuPbAsS (sub 3) , with As replaced by Sb toward bournonite; forms small, lead-gray, complex crystals.
- A tetragonal mineral, MgF (sub 2) ; colorless; structurally related to rutile.
- a. The altered, clayey material found along a fault zone; fault gouge. Syn: selvedge. See also: gouge; flucan.
b. A marginal zone of a rock mass, having some distinctive feature of fabric or composition; specif. the chilled border of an igneous mass (as of a dike or lava flow), usually characterized by a finer grain or sometimes a glassy texture, such as the glassy inner margins on the pillows in pillow lava. Syn: selvedge; salband.
- See: selvage.
- A cold vulcanizing method for use underground. It is simpler and quicker than hot vulcanizing and there is no fire or explosion risk involved.
- The rank of coal, within the anthracitic class of Classification D 388, such that, on the dry and mineral-matter-free basis, the volatile matter content of the coal is greater than 8% but equal to or less than 14% (or the fixed carbon content is equal to or greater than 86% but less than 92%), and the coal is nonagglomerating.
- Said of a type of climate in which there is slightly more precipitation (25 to 50 cm) than in an arid climate, and in which sparse grasses are the characteristic vegetation. Syn: subarid.
- A system to control the speed of a winder consisting of a cam-operated rheostat in parallel with a manually operated winder controller, the instantaneous cam position being directly related to the position of a cage in the shaft. If the driver left the manual control in the full-speed position, the cam control and associated closed-loop control would take charge and automatically decelerate the winder to creep speed as the cage approaches the surface. Should the driver still defer the operation of the lever, the winder would stop on the operation of an overwind limit switch. By the introduction of a small switch to initiate the wind and another to terminate the wind, fully automatic operation is possible. See also: automatic cyclic winding.
- A surveyor's instrument used for setting out land or buildings to any angle and in preliminary survey work generally and made up of a horizontal graduated semicircle that surrounds a compass and is attached to a base with fixed vertical sights at each end and of a movable arm with vertical sights at each end that pivots on the center of the base. See also: surveyor's compass.
- One that incorporates some stands in tandem, either for roughing or finishing, an example being a semicontinuous wire rod mill with a continuous roughing train and a looping finishing train.
- A noncoring bit that produces a small-diameter core.
- See: hyalocrystalline.
- a. Underground work in which humidity of ventilating air is kept low, though moisture is used in drilling to allay dust.
b. In semidry mining, every effort is made to prevent the ventilating air from picking up moisture in the downcast shafts and in the main ways leading to the workings. In the workings themselves, moisture is added freely in order to reduce dust, and the air rapidly becomes saturated.
- The process consists essentially of pouring molten metal from a primary open-hearth furnace on a heated solid charge of heavy and light alloy scrap (20% to 40% of total). The charge is melted and finished under reducing conditions. There is no boil.
- A coal constituent transitional between vitrain and fusain. It displays gradual disappearance of cell structure, hardness, and yellowish color when observed in thin sections. Same as vitrifusain.
- A constituent intermediate between vitrinite and fusinite showing a well-defined structure of wood and sclerenchyma. The cell cavities, either round, oval, or elongated in cross section, vary in size but are generally smaller and sometimes less well defined than those of fusinite. Occurs as lenses and bands of variable thickness, and as small fragments; associated with fusinite, or included in vitrite, clarite, duroclarite, clarodurite, and durite. It often lies as a transition material between vitrinite and fusinite, and the properties lie between those of fusinite and vitrinite; behaves as a semi-inert diluent in carbonization.
- Dynamite containing both ammonium nitrate as the chief explosive ingredient and a certain percent of blasting gelatin to make it plastic enough to remain in holes directed upward. It is more resistant to water than ammonia dynamite, but less resistant than gelatin dynamite.
- Coal mining that consists of driving cross-measure drifts and developing of the seams. The roads in the seam are equipped with conveyors for transporting coal, and locomotives may be used in the cross-measure drifts when these are horizontal or nearly so. Semihorizon mining may include the longwall-retreating method.
- Steel that is incompletely deoxidized and contains sufficient dissolved oxygen to react with the carbon to form carbon monoxide to offset solidification shrinkage.
- In an excavation, both rock that is only partially detached from the solid and that rings as solid when struck, and rock being still attached to the solid, but parting from it by incipient shear cracks.
- See: prereduced iron-ore pellet.
- A furnace with a partial muffle, in which the products of combustion come in contact with the ware.
- A loosely used term for common opal, hydrophane, and any partly dehydrated or impure opal, as distinguished from precious opal or fire opal. Syn: hemiopal.
- In these types, the quantities of liquid products are insufficient to render the mixture compressible. When packing cartridges, however, the same high density is obtained as with plastic explosives. The proportions of the various constituents are actually so arranged that the spaces between the grains are filled out. The proportions in question are determined entirely according to the constituents selected.
semiportable electric equipment
- Electric equipment that is moved infrequently; e.g., room hoists, room conveyors, and gathering pumps.
- Electric lamps that are connected to a fixed source of power by a flexible cord whose length limits the movable range of the lamp.
- Of less commercial value than those called precious; applied esp. to such stones as amethyst, garnet, jade, and tourmaline.
- A bit-crown design, in which the radius of the arc forming the rounded portion of the bit face is equal to or greater than the thickness of the bit wall.
- Material having a penetration at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C), under a load of 100 g applied for 5 s, of more than 10; and a penetration at 77 degrees F, under a load of 50 g applied for 1 s, of not more than 350.
- a. Coal intermediate between durain coal and clarain coal (duroclarain).
b. A coal in which the proportions of anthraxylon and attritus are more or less equal, but the attritus of which is essentially composed of brown and granular opaque matter in varying proportions. Translucent humic matter, spores, pollens, and finely divided fusain are always present in small proportions. Also known as block coal. CF: bright coal; splint coal. c. A banded coal containing 20% to 30% of opaque attritus and more than 5% anthraxylon.
- A towed vehicle whose front rests on the towing unit.
- A degree of diaphaneity between translucent and opaque. Passes light through edges of cabochons but very little through thicker parts.
- Used to describe mineral when objects may be seen through it but without distinct outlines.
- That degree of vitrification evidenced by a moderate or intermediate water absorption. Also called semivitrified. See also: impervious; nonvitreous; vitreous.
- A mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen obtained by passing a mixture of air and steam continuously through incandescent coke. Its calorific value is low, about 125 Btu/ft (super 3) (4.66 MJ/m (super 3) ).
- A monoclinic mineral, Pb (sub 9) Sb (sub 8) S (sub 21) ; metallic; soft; sp gr, 5.8. (super )


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2014 News Releases
BC Government approves Mayors' Council recommendations on Metro Vancouver Transportation and Transit Plebiscite
December 18, 2014 - The Mayors' Council on Regional Transportation received encouraging support from the Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure today, approving changes requested by Metro Vancouver Mayors to the Transportation and Transit Plebiscite scheduled for spring 2015.
Surrey International Children's Festival receives $98,000 funding from Canadian Heritage
December 17, 2014 - The Department of Canadian Heritage announced yesterday that the Surrey International Children's Festival will receive $98,000 from its Canadian Arts Presentation Fund over the next two years in support of the Festival and its goal of "inspiring young hearts and minds" through performing and visual arts experiences for children.
Top Priorities of 2015 Budget
December 16, 2014 - Surrey City Council approved the 2015 budget at last night's Council meeting. Recreation, Culture and Public Safety are key priorities that feature prominently in the budget.
Surrey Organics Biofuel Processing Facility Moves Ahead
December 16, 2014 - Iris Solutions has been selected as the preferred proponent by the City of Surrey to finalize an agreement to design, build, partially finance, maintain and operate the Surrey Biofuels Processing Facility project.
Transit Referendum Question set by Mayors' Council
December 11, 2014 - Mayors' Council proposes referendum question to cut congestion, improve bus, rail and road network
Home Fire Risk Higher in the Winter
December 11, 2014 - Surrey Fire Service is reminding residents to take extra safety precautions this winter in the wake of new data that shows fires are more likely to occur when the weather is cold.
Inaugural Ceremony of New Mayor and Council
December 8, 2014 - Linda Hepner was sworn in as the Mayor of Surrey at the Inaugural Council meeting in Council Chambers at Surrey City Hall this evening in front of an audience of 400 people.
Surrey Receives $25,000 Grant From RBC for I AM Game Program
December 4, 2014 - The City of Surrey has received a grant of $25,000 from the RBC Learn to Play Project to expand the city's "I AM Game" initiative. The cheque was presented at the RBC Sports Day in Canada event on November 29th held at the Guildford Recreation Centre.
Surrey Tree Lighting Festival kicks-off the holiday season
November 24, 2014 - The City of Surrey's annual Tree Lighting Festival, presented by Coast Capital Savings, kicked-off the holiday season in style on Saturday at Surrey's City Hall Plaza. Spirits were high as thousands of festival-goers came out to take part in the family event.
Surrey Named Among FCM Sustainable Communities Award Winners
November 19, 2014 - The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) has announced the winners of its 2015 Sustainable Communities Awards, recognizing innovation and excellence in municipal sustainable development in six categories: brownfields, energy, neighbourhood development, transportation, waste and water.
Surrey Tree Lighting Festival announces lineup
November 4, 2014 - The City of Surrey's annual Tree Lighting Festival, presented by Coast Capital Savings, will take place on Saturday, November 22nd at City Hall Plaza; this year's festival welcomes headliner, Alyssa Reid.
LRT Funding for Surrey Takes Significant Step Forward
October 30, 2014 - The City of Surrey has taken a positive step forward in securing federal funding for Light Rapid Transit.
Illegal Fireworks Sales Curbed in Surrey
October 29, 2014 - During the Halloween season first responders see a spike in the number of fireworks related injuries and structure fires. In an effort to reduce these types of incidents, City of Surrey By-Law Enforcement and Surrey RCMP have been busy targeting illegal sales of fireworks and firecrackers.
Surrey named among World's Smart21 Communities
October 28, 2014 - The Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) has named the City of Surrey as one of the world's Smart21 Communities of 2015. As one of the 21 semi-finalists selected from more than 300 nominations, Surrey is now in contention for the prestigious designation of 'Intelligent Community of the Year'.
City Award Winners Honoured for their Local Contributions
October 23, 2014 - The City of Surrey presented City Awards to some of the City's outstanding individuals and organizations for their hard work in shaping Surrey as a city of the future.
Safety Tips for a Fun and Safe Halloween
October 24, 2014 - Here are some simple safety precautions from the City of Surrey Fire Services, RCMP and By-laws that will help ensure a night of safe fun for your family and trick-or-treaters.
New study reveals City of Surrey has lowest taxes and spending in the Metro area
October 21, 2014 - Among the 17 Metro Vancouver municipalities compared in a new study by the Fraser Institute, the City of Surrey was found to have the lowest taxes and municipal spending per person.
Surrey Opens Dufferin Park in the heart of the Douglas Neighbourhood
October 21, 2014 - On Saturday, residents of Surrey's Douglas neighbourhood celebrated the opening of a new park on in their community; Dufferin Park, named for the historic street name of 2nd avenue "Dufferin Road", is 2.8 hectares (7 acres) in size and is next to the site of a future elementary school.
Surrey's Darts Hill Garden Park to be sustained with $4 million endowment
October 21, 2014 - At the bequest of its founder, Francisca Darts, a $4 million endowment has been established to sustain Surrey's Darts Hill Garden Park in perpetuity. The endowment, announced Saturday at Darts Hill Garden, has been designated as part of the late Mrs. Darts' estate.
By-law Enforcement 3rd Quarter Update
October 21, 2014 - The latest quarterly update shows that voluntary By-law compliance continues to remain in excess of 90%.
Public Safety Service Review Outcomes
October 14, 2014 - More RCMP Officers added, High Risk Location Initiative results in over 500 arrests and more than 110 problem recovery homes shut down.
Cleantech Sector Thriving in Surrey
October 9, 2014 - Two significant projects launched today in Surrey is further evidence of the City's transformation into Canada's innovation gateway.
City Honours 2014 Civic Treasures
October 8, 2014 - Surrey's cultural and business community gathered yesterday evening at the 11th Annual Business & the Arts Reception & Surrey Civic Treasures Award Ceremony to honour and celebrate outstanding contributors to Surrey's cultural sector.
Free City Wide Wi-Fi coming to Surrey
September 30, 2014 - The City of Surrey, in partnership with Shaw Communications Inc., will be providing City Wide Wi-Fi service coverage at all recreation centres and at a number of parks, civic buildings and public spaces.
City of Surrey Launches New Brand for Arts and Heritage
September 26, 2014 - A collective 'ah' was heard at Surrey City Hall during the BC launch of national Culture Days when the City of Surrey unveiled its new marketing brand for Arts and Heritage (AH).
Burning Ban Lifted for City of Surrey
September 24, 2014 - On July 16, 2014 the City of Surrey, BC implemented a Burning Ban in conjunction with Wildfire Management Branch.
Community Celebrates Revitalization of Frank Hurt Park and Art Unveiling
September 22, 2014 - Members of the community joined Councillor Judy Villeneuve on Saturday afternoon to celebrate the revitalization of Newton's Frank Hurt Park and unveil public art, Eagle Calling, by local artist, Robert Davidson.
New interchange opens at Hwy 99 and 16th Ave.
September 10, 2014 - A new six-lane interchange was unveiled today along Hwy 99 and 16th Ave.
Surrey Fire Fighters Donate $15,000 to Seniors
September 9, 2014 - The Surrey Fire Fighters' Charitable Society has donated $15,000 to support education about elder abuse and neglect in Surrey.
City Launches 'My Surrey App' to Enhance Customer Service
September 9, 2014 - The City of Surrey is launching a new mobile service application which acts as a portal for all new and existing City apps.
City Adopts Open Data Program
September 9, 2014 - The City of Surrey launched its open data program today as part of its commitment to an open, transparent and accessible government.
Police Chief honoured by Governor General
September 9, 2014 - The City of Surrey's top police officer, Chief Superintendent W.C. (Bill) Fordy awarded the Order of Merit medal.
Teachers' Strike: Day Camps offered the week of September 8th
September 4, 2014 - The City of Surrey is offering daycamps to support parents and children during the ongoing Teachers' Strike.
Local Immigration Partnership Council Appoints Co-Chairs
August 19, 2014 - Surrey's newly formed "Local Immigration Partnership" (LIP) Council has appointed Surrey Councillor Judy Villeneuve and Surrey Board of Trade CEO Anita Huberman as its co-chairs for the 2014-2016 term. The LIP Council has been tasked by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) to develop a strategy to strengthen the role of local communities in integrating newcomers.
Boil Water Advisory for City of Surrey Water System Lifted
August 14, 2014 - The precautionary boil water advisory issued by City of Surrey and Fraser Health to residents and businesses in the Cloverdale area has been lifted.
Temporary Boil Water Advisory Cloverdale
August 14, 2014 - Yesterday at approximately 3:50 PM a major water main that feeds to the Cloverdale area broke in the 176 Street and 6800 block. City crews isolated the section of main which led to the problem and subsequently provided service through alternate feeds to the area.
Surrey Celebrates the Opening of West Newton Community Park
July 28, 2014 - On Saturday, residents celebrated of the opening of West Newton Community Park, a new 3.5 hectare community space featuring a playground, walking loops, park shelters, and Surrey's first cricket field with natural grass wickets.
Surrey Sustainability Charter Progress Report
July 24, 2014 - In the latest progress report of the Surrey Sustainability Charter, the City continues to make significant strides in meeting its goals
41 Cultures Celebrate at 7th Annual Fusion Festival
July 21, 2014 - A record 41 different cultural pavilions were at the 2014 Surrey Fusion Festival this past weekend, up from last year's 36. Over 90,000 residents and visitors enjoyed food, entertainment and culture in Surrey's Holland Park at what is BC's largest multicultural event.
Surrey's new biodiversity conversation strategy ensures City's green infrastructure and ecosystems are preserved
July 22, 2014 - The City of Surrey's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy, endorsed by Council at last night's meeting, recognizes the City's biodiversity as a key foundation of a healthy, livable and sustainable community.
Surrey has a high rate of voluntary by-law compliance
July 22, 2014 - Upon investigation by By-law Officers, the voluntary compliance in the City of Surrey continues to remain at a high rate. Between April 1st and June 30th, the By-law Enforcement Division reports a voluntary compliance rate of 95%. This is an increase from the voluntary compliance rate of 90% reported in the first quarter of 2014.
Burning Ban issued for the City of Surrey
July 16, 2014 - Wildfire Management Branch has banned open burning in the Coastal Fire Region due to drying weather conditions.
More than 100 problem unregulated recovery homes have been shut down in the City of Surrey
July 14, 2014 - Since the inception of the Mayor's Task Force on Crime, 103 problem unregulated Recovery Homes are no longer in operation in the City of Surrey and another 62 unregulated Recovery Homes are currently under investigation.
City of Surrey Launches New Service Request App
July 14, 2014 - A new Surrey app to help streamline resident requests for service and information is now available for download on smartphones.
Smart Surrey Strategy Sees Bright Future in Innovation
July 8, 2014 - The City of Surrey released its 'Smart Surrey Strategy' today; this Strategy will serve as a guide for how technology and innovation are considered in decisions made for existing and future City plans, programs and infrastructure.
Surrey 2014 Canada Day Welcomes Record-Breaking Crowd
July 2, 2014 - Surrey's 2014 Canada Day celebration, presented by Coast Capital Savings, welcomed a record-breaking 120,000 attendees at Bill Reid Millennium Amphitheatre in Cloverdale on Tuesday.
City Celebrates Opening of Panorama Park
June 25, 2014 - The west Newton community celebrated the official opening of its newly expanded and redeveloped Panorama Park today. The park is 3.5 acres and features a neighbourhood dog off-leash area, a tot playground, a bike track, and an open grass area, which can be used for picnicking during the summer and also provide an option for the school to run activities with children in a natural environment.
Surrey Strengthens Dog Responsibility By-law
June 25, 2014 - Dog owners and individuals who leave their dogs in hot vehicles or loose in the back of pickup trucks can now be fined $500 for those offenses.
Thousands Attend 3rd Annual Doors Open
June 24, 2014 - Inspired by Doors Open events held around the world, thousands of Surrey residents attended the 3rd annual Doors Open event held on Saturday. 48 sites around City Centre, Bear Creek, Newton and Cloverdale, opened their doors to welcome visitors who became tourists in their own city and explored Surrey's rich culture, history, art and architecture.
Surrey Opens Cloverdale Youth Park
June 23, 2014 - The City of Surrey officially opened its new youth park in Cloverdale with approximately 400 youth and families in attendance. The park is one of Canada's few covered youth parks and features an action sports plaza and bowl, a multi-purpose ball court and an outdoor social area.
The Harper Government and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) support the City of Surrey's electric vehicle fleet pilot project
June 20, 2014 - Nina Grewal, Member of Parliament for Fleetwood-Port Kells, along with Russ Hiebert, Member of Parliament for South Surrey-White Rock-Cloverdale, on behalf of the Honourable Greg Rickford, Canada's Minister of Natural Resources and Minister for the Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario, and Raymond Louie, FCM first vice-president, chair of the Green Municipal Fund Council, and a member of Vancouver City Council, today announced a Green Municipal Fund™ (GMF) grant for the City of Surrey.
Landmark study launched on key health issues of Surrey's South Asian Population
June 20, 2014 - A landmark study has been launched between Surrey Innovation Boulevard, the Fraser Health Authority, the South Asian Health Institute and the Sagol Neuroscience Research Center of Sheba Medical from Israel.
City Pays Tribute to Surrey Conservationists With Lehmann Grove Naming
June 19, 2014 - Green Timbers conservationists, Wady and Betty Lehmann, were honoured Wednesday afternoon with the naming of "Lehmann Grove" at the Surrey Nature Centre.
City Honoured With Award for Child Care Excellence
June 19, 2014 - As part of Child Care Month celebrations, the City of Surrey has been honoured with an award from the Provincial Government for demonstrating outstanding service to children and families.
2014 Rakhi Project: Banding Together Against Domestic Abuse
June 17, 2014 - The City of Surrey continued to build community awareness around the issue of domestic abuse through its 2014 Rakhi Project, a Crime Reduction Strategy initiative with a "freeze mob" which took place today at the New City hall.
Surrey Announced as Water Polo National Championship Host City for 2016
June 16, 2014 - Water Polo Canada has announced Surrey as the host city for three 2016 National Championship events.
Regional Transportation Plan will reduce congestion, address growth and increase transportation choices
June 12, 2014 - The Mayors' Council on Regional Transportation unveiled its priorities for projects that will keep the Metro region moving over the next ten years and beyond.
New Traffic Signals and Crosswalks Will Increase Pedestrian Safety in Surrey
June 11, 2014 - The City continues to expand and improve pedestrian safety and in particular safety for children around our schools with the addition of traffic signals, intersection improvements and pedestrian signal crossings at 17 new locations in Surrey.
Surrey Celebrates World Ocean Day
June 11, 2014 - The City of Surrey celebrated World Ocean Day on Sunday, June 8 at Blackie Spit Park with a free community event hosted in partnership with the Friends of Semiahmoo Bay Society.
Surrey Announces 2014 Fusion Festival Entertainment Line-up
June 10, 2014 - Coast Capital Savings presents BC's largest multicultural celebration, Surrey Fusion Festival, at Holland Park on July 19 & 20, 2014.
Surrey appoints 18 youth representatives to its advisory committees
June 4, 2014 - As part of its commitment to increasing youth engagement and input into municipal decision making, the City of Surrey has appointed 18 youth representatives to nine of its advisory committees.
Awards Announced for 2014 PARKit Design Challenge
June 3, 2014 - Surrey's pop-up park is going 'Gingham Style' this summer. The classic concept of an outdoor picnic, inspired by the quintessential gingham checkered pattern has been awarded top spot in the City of Surrey's 2014 PARKit Design Challenge.
350 Bike Walk and Roll to School for Bike to School Week
May 29, 2014 - More than 350 students, parents and staff from Serpentine Elementary, biked, walked and rolled to school yesterday in celebration of Bike to School Week, May 26 – 30. Accompanied by City staff and police officers on bikes, the group paraded along 161 Street from the greenway to the school where breakfast was awaiting.
Distinguished Jury Announced for NewCity Design Awards
May 28, 2014 - Announcement of jury members made for NewCity Design Awards as part of City Awards.
Recreation Centres offer activities and programming during May 29th rotating teachers' strike
May 27, 2014 - The City of Surrey is providing a variety of activities on Thursday May 29th in response to the BC Teachers' Federation one-day strike.
City of Surrey adopts Age-Friendly Strategy for Seniors
May 27, 2014 - The City of Surrey adopted the Age-Friendly Strategy for Seniors at last night's Council Meeting.
Green Surrey Program adopted by Surrey City Council
May 27, 2014 - The Green Surrey program, a key initiative in the Environmental Pillar of the City's Sustainability Charter, has been adopted by Mayor and Council. A strong environmental vision is central to the development of the City of Surrey, and the Green Surrey program is an evolution of the City's commitment to conservation, investment and engagement in the environment.
Matthew Good Will Headline Surrey's 2014 Canada Day Celebration
May 26, 2014 - The City of Surrey and Coast Capital Savings are proud to present Surrey Canada Day 2014.
Surrey Services - Do Your Part, Make the Call
May 21, 2014 - Are you unsure how to report graffiti, abandoned houses, dumping or damaged street signs? As part of our ongoing commitment to community connection and engagement, the City has created a new wallet size card with a variety of numbers listed.
City Invites the Community to Take Part in the Habit Change Challenge and Help Raise Awareness About Substance Use
May 20, 2014 - The City of Surrey's fourth annual Substance Use Awareness Week (SUAW) is being held Sunday, May 25 – Saturday, May 31, 2014.
City of Surrey Wins Bid to Host Creative Cities Summit 2016
May 20, 2014 - The City of Surrey has been chosen to host the 2016 Creative City Summit, an annual meeting of over 200 thought leaders and influencers from across Canada's arts sector who come together for this three-day event to exchange ideas and learn from their peers.
Crown counsel moving into former Surrey City Hall
May 13, 2014 - Crown counsel, located in one of the province's busiest justice centres, is moving into expanded work space, allowing its prosecutors to work with greater efficiency and contribute to a stronger court system.
Arts and Fitness Addition Opens at South Surrey Recreation Centre
May 12, 2014 - More than 1,000 residents joined in the celebration at the grand opening of South Surrey Recreation Centre's new arts and fitness space on Saturday.
Surrey Plants 75,000th Street Tree
May 9, 2014 -
Carsharing program in Surrey benefits environment, lifestyle and pocketbook
April 30, 2014 - The City of Surrey and Modo The Car Co-op have partnered to offer carsharing as a viable transportation option in Surrey's downtown core. Carsharing, a model of car rental where vehicles are booked by the hour or day, is part of a new City of Surrey program.
Call for Submissions for City of Surrey 2014 City Awards Program
April 22, 2014 - The City of Surrey is calling for submissions for the 2014 City Awards Program – a family of awards introduced in 2011 to celebrate excellence in urban design and sustainable community development, beautification and heritage. Submissions for 2014 will be accepted beginning April 22nd through to June 23, 2014.
City Raises Awareness About Substance Use and Invites the Community to Take Part in the Habit Change Challenge
April 29, 2014 - The City of Surrey proclaimed May 25 – May 31 as Substance Use Awareness Week during last night's Council meeting.
City Hall Celebrates Grand Opening at Party for the Planet Festival
April 28, 2014 - About 20,000 people attended Saturday's official grand opening of Surrey's City Hall held as part of the City's annual Party for the Planet festival.
No significant increase in the number of homeless in Surrey
April 23, 2014 - Despite a population increase of more than 80,000 people since 2005, there has been no significant increase in the overall number of homeless in the City of Surrey.
City of Surrey to Increase Number of RCMP Officers
April 23, 2014 - At today's Police Committee meeting, several recommendations came forward as a result of the update on the Mayor's Task Force and the police service review which was initiated last October.
City of Surrey Commemorates the Life and Legacy of Bill Reid
April 17, 2014 - City of Surrey Council approved two projects during Monday's Council to commemorate the life and legacy of long-time resident and 2013 Surrey Good Citizen of the Year, Bill Reid who served the community for over fifty years until his passing in May 2013.
Ron Meadley Named 'Good Citizen of the Year'
April 16, 2014 - Surrey City Council named Ron Meadley this year's Good Citizen of the Year on Tuesday night at the City's annual volunteer services celebration.
City of Surrey Festivals Earn Two 2014 National Star Awards
April 10, 2014 - The City of Surrey and special event co-producer John Donnelly & Associates have been selected as winners of 2014 National Star Awards for their collaborative work on two of Surrey's major festivals.
City Launches Awareness Program to Encourage Better Signage
April 8, 2014 - With a new sign by-law now in effect, the City is proactively reaching out to inform businesses and the community of opportunities and guidelines to improve signage across the City.
Surrey Receives Program Funds to Keep At-Risk Youth Engaged and Active
April 2, 2014 - The community of Guildford has received a provincial grant of over $16,000 to support programs that are preventative against youth involvement in crime.
Safe Longboarding Site Planned for South Surrey Athletic Park
March 26, 2014 - The City of Surrey today announced the development of a designated longboarding site within the South Surrey Athletic Park (14600 - 20 Avenue, Surrey) scheduled to open this year in late spring.
Surrey's City Centre Library Wins Gold
March 19, 2014 - Surrey's state-of-the-art City Centre Library has been awarded LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) 'Gold' Certification
New Community Park Coming to Cloverdale
March 12, 2014 - Surrey City Council approved plans for the development of Hazelgrove Park at Monday evening's Council meeting.
Business Improvement Area Bylaw Established for Newton Town Centre
March 11, 2014 - Surrey City Council approved the final adoption of the Newton Business Improvement Area Bylaw at last evening's Council Meeting; this adoption gives authorization to local property owners and business representatives currently operating as the Newton BIA Sponsorship Committee, to form a Newton Business Improvement Association (BIA).
Party for the Planet Lineup Announced for April Opening Event
March 11, 2014 - Surrey, BC – The City of Surrey announced today the return of its fourth annual Party for the Planet festival held jointly this year with the official opening of the City's new City Hall and City Plaza on April 26th.
Prime Ministers and Business Leaders Gather at the 2014 Surrey Regional Economic Summit
February 27, 2014 - Former Prime Ministers of Australia, Greece and Israel: Julia Gillard, George Papandreou, and Ehud Barak, respectively, joined legendary Texas oilman and philanthropist, T Boone Pickens, and business commentators from across the region today at the 2014 Surrey Regional Economic Summit.
Surrey's 'Rethink Waste' Program Wins National Sustainability Award
February 28, 2014 - The City of Surrey has received a 2014 Sustainable Communities Award for its 'Rethink Waste' Collection Program from The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM).
Teams Shortlisted for the Surrey Organics Biofuel Processing Facility
February 25, 2014 - The City of Surrey reached a critical milestone today with the announcement of the three qualified teams shortlisted to participate in the next stage of the competitive selection process to deliver the Surrey Biofuel Processing Facility project.
Surrey Council Approves Recommendations for Amendment to Nuisance Bylaw
February 25, 2014 - City Council approved recommendations yesterday evening to amend Surrey's Nuisances Bylaw to allow Bylaw Officers to issue $250 tickets for nuisance related offenses; this will provide Bylaw Officers with greater latitude in enforcement than the existing Bylaw which does not provide a means to ticket nor allow for cost recovery on repeated incidents.
New Community Plans for Five Surrey Town Centres
February 25, 2014 - Over the next three years, the City of Surrey is launching an initiative to prepare new plans for five of its six town centres: Newton, Cloverdale, Fleetwood, Guildford and Semiahmoo (South Surrey).
Panellists Named for 2014 Surrey Regional Economic Summit's Canada-European Union Free Trade Agreement Panel
February 19, 2014 - Surrey Mayor Dianne Watts today announced the members of the 2014 Surrey Regional Economic Summit's Canada-European Union Free Trade Agreement panel, completing a line-up of 18 outstanding Surrey Summit panellists and speakers that includes Minister of Finance Michael de Jong, legendary Texas oilman T. Boone Pickens, and former Prime Ministers Julia Gillard (Australia), George Papandreou (Greece) and Ehud Barak (Israel).
New City Hall Opens for Business February 17, 12 noon
February 14, 2014 - Surrey's new City Hall officially opens for business on Monday, February 17, 2014, at noon. The flagship building will serve as new city landmark in Surrey's City Centre.
Action Plan to crackdown on crime is working and will continue
February 14, 2014 - With the release of the recommendations on the work of the Mayor's Task Force on crime Surrey Mayor Dianne Watts promised that she would not rest until the job is done.
Surrey Adding Youth Representatives to City Committees
January 28, 2014 - As part of its commitment to increasing youth engagement and input into municipal decisions, the City of Surrey is recruiting youth representatives for each of eight (8) of its City-led committees.
BC Minister of Finance Mike de Jong to open 2014 Surrey Regional Economic Summit
January 22, 2014 - Surrey Mayor Dianne Watts today announced that Minister of Finance, Honourable Mike de Jong, will open the Surrey Regional Economic Summit on February 27, 2014. In addition to opening the Surrey Summit, Minister de Jong will highlight details of the February 18 BC Budget.
Surrey Finalist in WWF Earth Hour City Challenge
January 17, 2014 - The City of Surrey is one of 34 finalists from around the world to be recognized for impressive actions on climate change in this year's Earth Hour City Challenge (EHCC); Surrey was selected as a finalist for its commitment to sustainability through its 'Sustainability Charter' which sets out a 50-year vision and plan for a more sustainable city.
City of Surrey Fusion Festival Wins International Award
January 13, 2014 - City of Surrey's Fusion Festival was named the "Best Festival" at the annual Special Event Magazine Gala Awards competition

subset: commoncrawl


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Facing Business Head On With Online Finance Courses
High school students are faced with making a career choice during their senior year. There are those students who clearly know what they want to be while there are those that have no idea yet. In making a career choice, there are so many factors to consider. One of which is what the student is passionate with and another is the salary of the profession. If you have a passion for math and numbers, then why not pursue a career in finance.
In the world today, businesses are important parts of the economy. Having a finance degree will train and teach principles of finance to students. Finance majors will learn about managing a company's finances and giving advice on how to handle the company's money properly. Finance graduates have vast employment opportunities because of the importance of their expertise in a company.
Finance graduates can search the workforce for the best jobs possible. The field of finance is rapidly growing and the demand continues to grow as well. Not many students are fond of working in the field of finance because of fear of working with numbers. Those who accept the challenge and face it head on will benefit from the high demand, vast career opportunities and high starting salaries. Finance graduates will always be optimistic in their careers.
Any finance degree students knows that the lifeblood of a company is the cash. Earning money is the ultimate goal of a business. However, even if the company is earning a lot, it can still lead to failure if the money is not managed well. This is where financial officers and consultants are needed. They are the ones who analyze the financial position of the company and create strategies on managing the finances. Further, financial consultants are the best people to help the board in making investment decisions.
Do not confuse business management with financial management, these are two very different things. Financial management mainly focuses on the finances instead of the operations of the company. Nevertheless, in a finance degree program, you will learn about business management. You can even learn how to be an effective leader in your department. After all, the highest-level job in the finance department is becoming a chief financial officer.
If you are decided on your career, you must search for online finance courses in online colleges and schools. Make sure that these programs are accredited so that employers recognize your degree. An online finance degree will prepare you to face any money problems in a business head on.


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"The Locomotion Reverberation" is the fifteenth episode of the tenth season of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory. The episode aired on February 9, 2017.
Howard and Leonard try to make their invention even smaller without Sheldon who's busy trying to assemble a working train set. Raj and Stuart look after Halley while the girls take Bernadette out.
Extended Plot
The guys have finished working on their gyroscope making it the miniature size that the government wanted. Sheldon says that he can make it smaller. The guys are glad to be finished and send Sheldon away. Col. Williams comes in, sees Sheldon's work and wants it the smaller size. Despite Leonard and Howard pointing out that they've finished the gyroscope to the specifications and that they can't make the smaller size, Colonel Williams insists that they make it anyway.
Penny's Posse is meeting at Bernadette's house and decide to go out dancing. Amy wants to go see some Renaissance choir. They leave with Raj and Stuart to watch Halley.
Amy gets home and Sheldon is excited about a train they could have running all over the apartment.
In apartment 4A, Leonard is trying to duplicate Sheldon's work to make the gyroscope even smaller. Sheldon is in 4B assembling his train track in a welder's outfit.
The girls are on their way dancing when the babysitter's call to say that her milk she left smells funny. Bernie is okay for them to use the spare milk. She also doesn't want Stuart to use it in his coffee.
As the girls arrive to the bar, they discover that it was turned into a bookstore. Just then, Raj phones Bernadette when Halley starts crying again. Stuart points out that it was from Raj taking a selfie as Halley blew a spit bubble while sleeping. Halley eventually falls back to sleep. Bernadette fears that she may have left her newborn daughter with Patrick and SpongeBob. At that moment, Penny changes her mind about staying out for night, even though Amy and Bernadette still want to. Penny then has a breakdown because ever since Bernadette had her baby, she believes that her life hasn't gone anywhere since marrying Leonard. Bernadette explains that being a parent is taking its toll on her. She and Amy also point out that Penny has a lot to be thankful for: she has a successful career, a nice apartment, and is fortunate enough to have Leonard, a man who never hesitated to marry her twice, in her life. Amy, on the other hand, starts feeling miserable as she doesn't have what Penny has: her salary and her apartment aren't as big, and she hasn't even been engaged yet (Sheldon was ready to propose to her twice, but isn't following up on it anymore). This causes Amy to cry, which causes Penny to cry as well, much to Bernadette's annoyance.
Leonard is finishing his calculations and wants to trick Sheldon into looking them over. Later Amy is dreaming about Sheldon behind a huge locomotive all sweaty as they are driving to the trains.
- Guest starring:
- Dean Norris as Colonel Williams
- Pamela Adlon as Halley (Voice Only)
- Teleplay: Steven Molaro, Maria Ferrari & Tara Hernandez
- Story: Chuck Lorre, Steve Holland & Jim Reynolds
- Title Reference: Refers to Leonard and Howard's decision to send Sheldon on a train-themed vacation coming back to haunt them when Colonel Williams wants the smaller gyroscope Sheldon designed and they can't do it without him.
- Taping date: January 17, 2017
- This episode was watched by xx.xx million people with a rating of x.x (adults 18-49).
- Total viewers including DVR users xx.xx million.
- The Big Bang Theory was ranked #x for the week ending xx February 2017.
- This episode aired in Canada on February 2017.
- Chuck Lorre's vanity card #551
To be entered.
- Leonard, Sheldon, and Howard finally finish the gyroscope for the military, but are forced to make a smaller gyroscope when Colonel Williams sees Sheldon's plans for one.
- Sheldon begins to take an interest in engineering (though he claims that it's not the same as Howard's engineering).
- Bernadette has her first girls' night since giving birth to Halley.
- Sheldon once again mocks Howard for being an engineer, despite signing a contract where he promised to no longer do so.
- This episode reveals that Howard has finished his paternity leave.
- The song played during Amy's fantasy about Sheldon is "Rock You Like a Hurricane" by The Scorpions.
- Sheldon still hasn't done anything regarding his engagement ring since Amy found out about it, prompting her to wonder if he really wants to marry her anymore.
- Amy gets turned on when fantasizing over Sheldon controlling a steam locomotive.
- Sheldon (to Amy in her fantasy): May I borrow your water?
- (Sheldon drenches the water on his body as "Rock You Like a Hurricane plays in the background")
- Sheldon: The light's green. (Amy snaps out of it)
- Amy: Sorry.
- Sheldon: GPS says we'll be at the railway in three hours.
- Amy: I can get us there in two. (steps on the gas pedal)


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Timer Street Soccer
Purple Soc. Coop.
- April 18, 2012
( 56)
With our simple application you will be able to derimere any discontent! Timer Street Soccer allows to set the residence time of the goalkeeper (default set to 5 minutes), at the expiry Timer Street Soccer whistle the change to allow the rotation in the specific role. Just press restart to start over with the count!
Contact us for tips and development requests!
Contact us for tips and development requests!
Great app! works perfectly on Nexus S (Android 4.0.4)
Train soccer tricks to get past defenders and boost your skills on the pitch!


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
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After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
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16 x 10 area needing stabbed, need the job done asap,
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Unsold lead, updated details: I have mix of hedging, wooden fencing and metal fencing around...
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The hedge at one side of the house is very over grown and has reached quite a hight. It's quite...
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Good communication. Supplied list of materials required. arrived on time and delivered perfect work within the quote.
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Excellent throughout. Clear quote well presented, open always to questions. Work carried out on time, and as required. Would not hesitate in recommeding, one of the best tradesman I have dealt with
Very honest, our fence had been blown over, David suggested repairing the panels rather than replacing with new. Would highly recommend. Chelmsford May 2015.
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Thank you for your interest in joining our team at Eldora Mountain Resort, where our focus is on safety, service and having fun.
After review of your application, if your background and experience meets our needs, the hiring manager/s will be contacting you directly.
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