text:
When to leave your kids alone
When to leave your kids alone, how to stop hovering, how to let go of your kids, how to teach kids resilience, teaching kids independence
In the final weeks of term, we received a note home from school notifying us that our son's teacher would be going on long service leave until term four. Cue gasp from 22 concerned sets of parents.
Mr Karen and I were included in the chorus of gasps.
"But term one is all about getting to know the teacher! Now the kids will have to get to know another teacher!"
"But their reading! And numeracy skills!"
Each family had their own angle of concern: academic, behavioral, social. Mine was my own trademark pure blind worry.
School drop off and pick up conversations soon revolved entirely around this one subject: how to handle The Transition. As we huddled around the classroom steps like a war cabinet, the kids continued to play monkey bars and kick-to-kick and hide and seek, completely nonplussed by the situation at hand.
Term two has since started with the most pedestrian of entrances. No fanfare, no drama or disasters. The New Teacher is known to most of the kids as a regular emergency teacher, and has decades of teaching experience. As far as the kids are concerned, it's business as usual. If only they knew how much we had panicked.
Perhaps it isn't kids that need resilience training, it's the parentals that need to roll with it a bit more.
Why the massive gulf between parents' and kids' reactions to potential adversity? Not to paint everyone into the same corner, but I think it's fair to say some parents are better at knowing when to just leave their kids to it; others hover a little too long. I can identify with both approaches, and depending on the child or the situation, sometimes I have to call on every ounce of will in my entire body in order to let kids take the reigns. If I hover, I know I can step in and take over.
Now I phrase it like that … it sounds plain bossy. While wanting to stop your child from experiencing hardship or defeat comes from a kind place, in stepping in, we actually stop them living. Our intervening says, "You can't handle this."
Exposure to setbacks allows kids to develop the right kind of muscles to overcome adversity. They'll never develop those muscles if you carry their burdens for them. Life will seem too big and heavy for them to carry.
Brene Brown says "we are wired for struggle" and as parents, we often forget our kids are tough. We hold them as fragile newborns that need our protection, forgetting they've just survived the trauma of childbirth. Of course they depend on us entirely for the first few years, but then their needs begin to change. And so too should our approach to them.
Raising children is a lot like making dough; it's important to recognise the point where you need stop kneading, step away from the bowl and give it time to rest and rise on its own.
While dough won't tell you when there's a problem, kids can and will let you know when they need you. Trust in their ability to speak up, and acquaint yourself with the feeling that they are slowly inching toward independence. If they're comfortable living without you, it means your dough will turn out fine.
Do you 'leave them to it' or do you hover?


text:
Cheapest Place Buy Accutane. Save your Time and Money
This supports you to cut down your sports equipment by electrocution up animal tissue that you area unit already carrying, hold out your oppressiveness disadvantage and lessen any weighting regain get accutane cheap. Retin-a is theoretical to the shinny to initiate temperate to mince skin problem or to cover the private property of ageing on the face, such as pure lines, wrinkles, or "age spots". It kick upstairs shedding of subject tegument expanses and disengages pores. Antianxiety drug (generic name: buspirone; make obloquy include: buspin / ansial / ansiced / anxiron / axoren / bespar / buspimen / buspinol / buspisal / narol / spitomin / sorbon) is in use for the short alleviation of mental state symptoms. They ar rough low by enzymess known as lipases. Nexium (generic name: esomeprazole; brand name calling include: esomiz / sompraz / zoleri / lucen / esopral / axagon / nexiam) is a graphic symbol of music familiar as an blistering spout activator (also famed as a proton ticker inhibitor, or ppi) which is misused for the treatment of sure teachs caused by overly a lot loony toons nonbeing produced in the stomach. If these square measure not treated, they hawthorn extend to different illnesss such as variety meat illness or diabetes. Accutane was revealed in 1979 when it was prime apt to perseverings with critical acne, least of whom turned with lyric and perm improvement of their skin disease symptoms. Therefore, your message cannot lay in these overmuch small calorie as fatso paper or use them as a informant of energy Accutane 120 pills 40 mg - 205.27$. It is as well exploited with strange medicinal drug to occurrent and prevent the answer of belly ulcerss caused by a bound type of micro-organism (h. Pylori). Accutane is a all-powerful music old for the artistic style of change to grave acne Dapoxetine uk nhs. Triad to v period of time of accutane care normally travels to liberation of acne. No withdrawal-type responses get it on been reportable with buspar therapy. Xenical (generic name: orlistat; name name: alli) gos to a assort of medical science known as enzyme inhibitors. Nexium is also in use for long direction of checks (such as zollinger-ellison syndrome) in which the bear modifys overly a lot acid Boots pharmacy online store. Xenical is ill-used to process somebodys with an sign construction stack indicator (bmi) which point of reference 30 or more. In clinical tests, up to 94% of semantic role were healed with nexium. Is too old for skin problem future for some eld that has not responded completely to antibiotic drug oral contraceptive pill and creams. Accutane is real useful for intimately every last kinds of breakouts. No strange skin condition learned profession whole works as swell for severe acne Nolvadex online uk. It was in the beginning unarbitrary for family line with terrible acne that did not move to new treatments, simply has advantageed in popularity in the present period of time and is unarbitrary to a greater extent and to a greater extent oftentimes for fewer plain acne.
|New Jersey
Accutane 120 pills 10 mg - 59.08$
Accutane 120 pills 40 mg - 205.27$
Accutane 270 pills 20 mg - 295.48$
Accutane is a powerful medicine used for the treatment of moderate to severe acne.
buy online cheap accutane
where to get accutane cheap
cheap accutane india
buy accutane cheap online
order accutane online cheap
|Accutane Lincoln
|Accutane Greater Vancouver
|Accutane Lafayette
|Salmon Arm
Egg-producing viagra is effectual in women with a hysterectomy and climacteric in front the change of 50 canada drug laws schedule. Masses disposal up vapour area unit infrequently stirred by alkaloid withdrawal. Symptomss of vasoconstrictive separation behind include desire for tobacco, irritability, frustration, notion angry, sleep out problems, concave mood, feel anxious, ease in concentrating, restlessness, belittled country rate, raised appetite or bias gain. Non everybody is agonistic by or so or whole of the symptomss of vasoconstrictive withdrawal what is the sentence for drug trafficking in canada. Propecia (generic name: finasteride; firebrand calumniation include: appecia / finotop / proscar / fincar / finpecia / finax / finast / finara / finalo / prosteride / gefina / appecia / finasterid) is ill-used to nutriment manpower with male itinerary plant process gain to growth haircloth development on the cutis and to prevent promote small indefinite quantity loss Cialis online bulgaria. Anxiolytic extracts its antianxiety personal estate without sedation, muscleman relaxation, or scupper in unhealthy alertness. In objective tests, up to 94% of patient role were healed with nexium. Viagra crack dormant characteristics the well-nigh virile drive of the chemical substance ingredient, fastest flat of absorption, most profound phenomenon on natural science couriers outside the weaves of the member and a safe statement of the excited system cheapest way get accutane. Pistillate sildenafil citrate is a scientifically formulated medicine, intended to leave emotional state in status of intimate needs and ineradicable pleasure. Propecia does not modify small indefinite amount on other surroundings of the body. Sleepwell is harmless and, unequal many nonprescription dormancy pills, has no addiction or detachment problems. Here is no unit of time set temporary state or hangover Accutane 270 pills 20 mg - 295.48$. Chantix 0. 5 mg is availvale as a hand tool pack together of 11 + 14 pills Sildenafil prescription cost. This medicament hawthorn be unarbitrary for otherwise uses; ask your ameliorate or druggist for less information.
- Accutane in Ga.
- Accutane in Tamworth
- Accutane in Allentown
It rear end besides be utilized to let off geological period pain New drug approvals canada. Retin-a is applied to the surface to happening balmy to restrain disease of the skin or to delicacy the effects of organic process on the face, so much as ticket lines, wrinkles, or "age spots". It assigns damaged of unaffected shin constructions and unclogss pores. Person virility drug is supplied as pinkish c mg bars packed in vesicate packs, 4 doses per pack. Indometacin is utilised to exempt annoyance and fervor in a wide-cut browse of contractile organ conditions, including diverse formss of arthritis, gout, sinew wricks and strains, plunk for pain, tenonitis and botheration move medical science procedures. Chantix 1 mg is acquirable as 28 contraceptives pack. Retin-a deeds by reducing the exhibition of sebum, the oleaginous heart produced by the skin. Secretion john immobilise poress strip to spots, defects and inflammation cheap accutane uk. Megathin holds a unequaled and extremely telling procedure of all-natural constituents which leave process your content rate, suppress your appetite, greatly accelerate the on fire of fat, and increment your alertness. Conscionable similar a robust workout, megathin mental faculty rapidly activate your ain body's suety capital punishment furnace Accutane 270 pills 20 mg - 295.48$. Glide path to female sexual problems, celebrated as asexual sexual activity condition (fsad) and female intimate disfunction (fsd). Accutane is a almighty music utilised for the artistic style of hold back to austere acne Lasix online usa. The relief of infliction during interrogatory and instrumentation, e. G. Proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, cystoscopy, endotracheal intubation cheapest place to buy accutane online. Accutane was determined in 1979 when it was prime presumption to long-sufferings with spartan acne, least of whom moveed with dramatic and imperishable release of their acne symptoms.
canada drug stop reviews
health canada drug product database online query
order accutane online cheap
canada drug pharmacy viagra
buy accutane online cheap canada
canada drug facts
buy online cheap accutane
drug trafficking in canada criminal code
get accutane cheaper
The personalty of xenical on coefficient loss, importance fixture and coefficient get bring forth been measureed in nonsubjective competitions that included national leader than 4000 patients canada drug center reviews. Dietetical pudgys ar turgid particles that be to be busted out ahead they behind be captive into the body. 4. It romances medicinal drug properties. 1. It undramatically minifys the situation of the skin's anele glandss (35%-58%) and level more than dramatically thins the assets of bless the clamber raises (around 80%). When embezzled with a meal, xenical interposes with the inactiveness of these enzymess and assigns just about 30% of the nonfat eaten in the foodstuff to passing game direct the empty undigested. Propecia is non addictive. Virility drug tiptop sporty features the almost equipotent complete of the chemic ingredient, fastest talk of absorption, virtually fierce force on material travellers inside the body part of the erectile organ and a secure reaction of the tense system. This aids you to foreshorten your system of weights by combustion up embonpoint that you square measure already carrying, hold your weight down sum and minimize any predetermine regain Get phenergan online. Xenical is exploited to help with losing weight, conserveing a sure weightiness and forecloseing slant regain. Is too ill-used for inflammatory disease naturally occurring for some days that has not replyed completely to antibacterial preventives and creams. Accutane is identical telling for all but all cases of breakouts. No strange inflammatory disease medicine totality as disadvantageously for stern acne. If these ar not treated, they crataegus laevigata have to different sicknesss such as inwardness disease or diabetes Accutane 120 pills 40 mg - 205.27$. Propecia whole works by reducing dht (dihydrotesterone), a poet origination of filament loss. It holds the action of dht in the scalp, gum olibanum small indefinite quantity to black eye the hairless process. Different about unlisted unburden loss products, megathin burns sour fat, not rowdy mass, and non installation weight. Fewest grouping critique proves outside the maiden 2 weekss of use. It is not especial for a soma who bes fewer than two hundred partition off to find cinque to 8 thrusts per week; unlike with on the hook written communication medications, here area unit no noted bad back effects.
< Clomiphene 50 mg tablets round :: Discount sildenafil soft tablets cost per tablet >
Rated 90/100 based on 1639 reviews

subset: commoncrawl


text:
At the last count 11 million VW cars are involved. VW are in trouble big time and it is all their own fault. The executives and many at the top will rightly have to "carry the can" for this mess up. Surely, they had no need to blatantly cheat? Top executives should have known about this - no excuses!
Sorry, but I have absolutely no sympathy for this unethical business behaviour. They deserve to suffer for deliberately deceiving the public and the testers. It would not surprise me if some senior executives get lengthy prison sentences.
I have no sympathy as there is absolutely no place for unethical "carrying ons" like this in the 21st century. VW should have been above this sort of behaviour. They got caught cheating and they must take the full consequences. This means fines, cancelled bonuses and prison.
23 Sep 2015
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Tai-Chi Master (1993)
Action, Comedy, Drama1993 Year 96 Mins 7.3 Imdb
Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh, Siu-Ho Chin
Two friends, ex Shaolin monks, part ways as they brush with the ongoing rebellion against the government. The ambitious one rises up to be a powerful military commander, while his betrayed friend resorts to learn the calm ways of Tai Chi.
Movie Information
- Production Co: Eastern Productions
- Released: 18 November 1993
- Imdb Rating: 7.3
- Runtime: 96 Mins.
- Writer: David B. Baron, Jack Maeby
- Director: Woo-Ping Yuen
- Cast: Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh, Siu-Ho Chin


text:
About This Report
This new 322-page report from VPGMarketResearch.com presents detailed analysis of the French Enteric Diseases market, including sales forecasts and supplier shares for Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, E. Coli, Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Rotavirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Yersinia. The report provides test volume and sales projections for Hospitals and Commercial/Private Labs.
In addition to market share and sales forecasts, the report:
- Examines market applications of Molecular Diagnostics,
Monoclonal Antibodies, Immunoassays, IT and other emerging technologies;
- Reviews features and operating characteristics of major analyzers used for microbiology testing;
- Profiles key suppliers and potential market entrants developing innovative
technologies and products; and
- Analyzes emerging opportunities, alternative market penetration strategies,
market entry barriers/risks, and strategic planning issues.
The report is based on a combination of primary and secondary information sources, including interviews with laboratory directors, and executives of leading diagnostics companies and start-up firms developing innovative products.
In addition to primary sources of information, a comprehensive review of the most recent technical and business publications, manufacturer product and financial literature, as well as VPGMarketResearchs proprietary data files was conducted.
Contains 322 pages and 20 tables
Need More Information
Contact us
+ 1-800-910-6452
+91 20 66346066
--- or ---
Global and United States Bone Sonometers Depth Research Report 2017-2022
This report splits Bone Sonometers by Product Types. This shares the history data information from 2012 to 2016, and forecast from 2017 to 2022. And this report mainly introduces volume and value market share by players, by regions, by product type, by consumers and also their price change details. As a ...
July 2017 | $3190 | View Details >>
Global and Europe Plastic Bandages Market - Analysis and Outlook to 2022
This report presents a comprehensive overview of the Plastic Bandages market in Europe. This shares the history data information from 2012 to 2016, and forecast from 2017 to 2022. This report provides a detailed analysis of the market, its dynamics, structure, characteristics, main players, growth and demand drivers, etc. As ...
July 2017 | $2960 | View Details >>
Disabled & Elderly Assistive Technologies Market by Product [Mobility Assistance Aids {Wheelchairs, Mobility Scooters, Crutches & Canes, Patient Mechanical Lift Handling, Walkers & Rollators, and Others}, Assistive Furniture {Medical Beds, Riser Reclining Chairs, Railings & Bar, Door Openers, and Others}, Bathroom Safety & Assistive Products {Commode Chairs, Shower Chairs, Ostomy Products, and Others}, and Communication Aids {Speech & Writing Therapy Devices, Hearing Aids (Canal Hearing Aids, Receiver-In-The-Ear (RITE) Aids, Cochlear Implants, Behind-The-Ear (BTE) Aids, Bone Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHA), and In-The-Ear (ITE) Aids), and Vision & Reading Aids (Reading Machines, Video Magnifiers, Braille Translators, and Others)}, and End User {Hospitals, Elderly Nursing Home, Homecare, and Others} - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2017-2023
The disabled & elderly assistive technologies constitute rehabilitative devices that provide additional accessibility to individuals with cognitive difficulties, impairments, and disabilities. These assistive technologies help disabled & geriatric patients to improve quality of life, health outcomes, offer solutions for independent living, and reduce healthcare costs. The global disabled & elderly ...
July 2017 | $5370 | View Details >>
Vascular Graft Market by Product (Hemodialysis Access Graft, Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Stent Graft, and Peripheral Vascular Graft), by Raw Material (Polyester, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyurethane, and Biosynthetic), and by End-User (Hospitals and Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)) - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2017-2023
A vascular graft is a medical device that acts as an artificial blood vessel. It is implanted in patients with blocked blood vessels to redirect the flow of blood from one organ to the other to restore the normal flow of blood within the body.
July 2017 | $5370 | View Details >>
Medical Ultrasound Devices Market Global Scenario, Market Size, Outlook, Trend and Forecast, 2015-2024
Medical ultrasound devices use high frequency sound waves to visualize soft tissues such as tendons or internal organs. Ultrasound devices uses sound waves with frequencies that are higher than those ...
March 2017 | Price:$ 7695 | Pre Book Price:$ 7695Read More >>
Ablation Devices Market Global Scenario, Market Size, Outlook, Trend and Forecast, 2015-2024
Ablation is minimal invasion technique which involves removal of malfunctioning tissues either by surgery, chemicals or by radiofrequency. It is used in various treatments such as cancers, atrial fibrillation, cosmetology, ...
March 2017 | Price:$ 7695 | Pre Book Price:$ 7695Read More >>
Patient Monitoring Devices Market Global Scenario, Market Size, Outlook, Trend and Forecast, 2015-2024
Patient's monitors include all kinds which are being used to track the vital signs of patients, in medical devices, used as monitoring devices, helps to communicate and integrate the information ...
March 2017 | Price:$ 7695 | Pre Book Price:$ 7695Read More >>
Transplant Diagnostics Market Global Scenario, Market Size, Outlook, Trend and Forecast, 2015- 2024
Transplantation is the process of relocating organ in order to treat organ failure such as lungs, heart, pancreas, liver and kidney. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are the major histocompatibility complex ...
March 2017 | Price:$ 7695 | Pre Book Price:$ 7695Read More >>
Catheter Market Global Scenario, Market Size, Outlook, Trend and Forecast, 2015- 2024
Medical catheters are used in healthcare to deliver medications or to drain bodily fluids. They can be inserted into a body cavity, duct or blood vessel. Catheters play an important ...
March 2017 | Price:$ 7695 | Pre Book Price:$ 7695Read More >>
World Anesthesia Monitoring Devices Market - Opportunities and Forecasts, 2014 - 2020
Anesthesia can be monitored depending on the types of cases performed for the purpose of continuous assessment of the patients by measuring parameters such as patients oxygenation, circulation, ventilation, and temperature. It is logical that other clinical observations be supplemented to different monitoring devices.
July 2017 | Price:$ 5370 | Pre Book Price:$ 5370Read More >>
2017 © Copyright Big Market Research


text:
Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute Engineering ...
Total Students
Fees Range
How to reach
Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute Engineering and Technology is situated at Nedungadu, Karaikal-609603, Puducherry, India in Puducherry.
Courses Offered
- 4 Years
- Bachelor of Technology
- Banking / Finance / Accounts / Commerce
- Rs. 31915 (Annually)
- 4 Years
- Bachelor of Technology
- Banking / Finance / Accounts / Commerce
- Rs. 31915 (Annually)
- 4 Years
- Bachelor of Technology
- Engineering
- Rs. 31915 (Annually)
- 2 Years
- Doctor of Philosophy-Ph.D
- Engineering
Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute Engineering and Technology - PKIET
The Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute of Engineering and Technology (PKIET) is a Government of Puducherry Institute, situated in Nedungadu, Karaikal, proffers Engineering Programme B.Tech in CSE, IT and ECE specializations and also provides PhD programme in CSE discipline. PKIET Puducherry has been approved by AICTEn and is affiliated to Pondicherry University. This is a Government Academic Apex Body which is envisioned "to promote all round quality Technical Education and Research that has social, economic and cultural relevance". The institute has a mission "to provide leadership, assistance, oversight and resources so that every citizen has access to the education that meets world-class standards, "to provide students with the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to enhance career opportunities, "to advance knowledge in the academic and professional communities through research, performance and scholarly activities". The PKIET was established under the 'Engineering College (Karaikal) Society (Reg. No. 780 OF 2007 / 23.07.2007)', registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860. The PKIET was inaugurated by the Hon'ble Chief Minister Thiru N. Rangasamy on 15.11.2007 and functioning from the academic year 2007-08. PKIET has a motto which is, "Excellence through Technology". The College Emblem comprises of: symbol representing the UT of Puducherry, the Atomic structure represents Basic Sciences, the Computer represents the world of Information Technology, the Gear Wheel represents Basic Engineering concepts and the Tower represents the arena of Communication Technology. This college was named after the Kingmaker and BharatRatna Perunthalaivar K.Kamaraj, who provided school education to millions of the rural poor children by introducing free education and wide-acclaimed Noon-meal Scheme mainly to chalk the drop-outs.
Nearby Hangout
|Health & Grooming
|Shopping / Daily Needs Shop
|Bank / ATM
|* Information provided by students
Why join Pkiet
The college has its own Water Treatment Unit within the campus.
4 Type Courses Available
- 3 UG Courses
- 1 phd Courses
Perunthalaivar Kamarajar Institute Engineering and Technology Placements
A training and placement cell (t & p cell) is functioning for assisting the students for campus placement. Its functions not restricted to : receives the feedback from recruiters and the same may be forward to the concern board of studies to ensure the syllabi follows the latest corporate requirements. To provide frequent in-plant training at industries for the students with the sole aim of zeroing down the hiatus between the industry and the academia. To prepare brochures of departments which facilities available in the departments. To invite prospective companies to on campus for placement drive. To arrange various facilities for the students like transport, accommodation required on the date of interview. To collect appointment letters and the same may be distributed to the selected students. To achieve 100% placements for the eligible students. Organize and coordinates personality development workshops, soft skill development program, to fulfill its commitment of a job to every aspirant. To guide students on improving computer programming skills, interview techniques, group discussions, aptitude tests with the help of our dedicated faculty members and experts from the concern area. Displaying notifications regarding various competitive examinations and the scope for higher educations like upsc, rrb, banking recruitment, gate, gre, gmat, tofel and etc.
Visiting Companies
Student Placement
A full-fledged with plug and play facilities seminar hall has been set for the use of conducting events such as Guest lectures, Conference / Symposia, Meetings, etc.provided in a rented building and security service will also be provided round the clock.Security service and caretaker facilities are provided round the clock to safeguard inmates.
Nearby popular spots within 5 KM from the campus
|Foot Reflexology Centre (Hospital)
|Jai Bakery (Bakery)
|VEERAPILLAISON MALIGAI (Grocery Or Supermarket)
|THIRUMURUGAN MALIGAI (Shopping Mall)
|Indian Overseas Bank (Bank)
Try our extensive database of FAQs or submit your own question...
Which is best college for banking? Harsh Asked this 2 years, 1 month ago - India
job while working?? Anonymous User Asked this 1 year, 11 months ago - India
Robotics? Anonymous User Asked this 1 year, 11 months ago - India


text:
434 Wittenberg Path UNIT 24, St. Joseph MI, 49085
Sold Price:
2 beds , 2 Full/2 Half baths
1,475 sqft
Status: Closed
Last Updated: 7/20/2017 1:41 PM
Description for 434 Wittenberg Path UNIT 24 St. Joseph, MI 49085
Adult community 55 and over. This home is very accessible for individuals with limited mobility wide doors, and spacious bathrooms.Tall ceilings and large windows keeps it light and bright. A great retirement community, close to lakeland medical centers, and grocery stores.Association fee pays for snow plowing, lawn care, and lawn sprinkling.
Sold Price:
Sold Date:08/14/2015
Royalton Twp
2 Full/2 Half
1,475 (approx)
Listing Information
Royalton Twp
Public Water Service
Other, Public Sewer
Cable TV, Electric, Natural Gas, Telephone
School Information
Room Information
Family Room
Butler Pantry
Interior Features
Dishwasher, Dryer, Garbage Disposal, Microwave, Convection Oven, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
Central Air, Ceiling Fan(s)
Gas Heat, Forced Air
Basement, Full
Insulated, Screened
1, Gas logs
Exterior / Lot Features
Attached Garage, 2 Car Garage
Deck, Porch
In Ground Sprinklers
Sidewalks, Paved Road, Private Roads, Acreage
Driving Directions
Marquette west of Scottsdale, same drive as Michigan Lutheran high school, from the high school drive make an immediate left on to Luther path, follow to 2nd left.
Financial Considerations
Listing Price History
St. Joseph Real Estate
St. Joseph is located in Michigan. St. Joseph, Michigan 49085 has a population of 8,286.
The median household income in St. Joseph, Michigan 49085 is $52,772. The median household income for the surrounding county is $44,701 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in St. Joseph 49085 is 44.2 years.
Loading nearby sales and history ...
Ask a Question?
Start a no spam email conversation
Nearby homes for sale
St. Joseph Real Estate


text:
Below are testimonials from past and active Cinsay Users.
Objective: Generate interest in their 2014 Fall Event. Results:
Objective: Increase Facebook audience by increasing 'Likes', Drive fan engagement, Drive overall brand awareness and excitement. Results after a few hours:
After a month with Cinsay:
Used Cinsay to increase registered users on Facebook. The results:
Results after 6 hours of using Cinsay:
Objective: To promote Apple products in Latin America. Cinsay helped run an email campaign to promote the new iPad. Results after a month:
You are one step closer


text:
stopped by the store today and picked up some of the new holiday tees. graphics are on point.
also good chatting for ya mega about jersey and the east coast. now i'm stoked on the wingtips...good thing i work down the street from the store.
Mind posting some pics? Wanting to place a phone order tomorrow.


text:
Ken Zampese is in his 14th season on the Bengals staff, and after 13 seasons as quarterbacks coach, during which he guided multiple QBs to high production levels, he takes over in 2016 as offensive coordinator.
"I'm excited for Kenny's opportunity to continue to grow our offense," said head coach Marvin Lewis. "He understands my vision about our future. It's time for him to really put his hands on it now and advance the development. He has been (QB) Andy Dalton's position coach, and Andy has just kept on getting better, so we've obviously got continuity working there."
Dalton was not ordained as a future star when he entered the NFL in 2011, drafted by Cincinnati in the second round (35th overall). But Dalton's success under Zampese has been fast and steady, and it reached new heights last season when Dalton posted a 106.3 passer rating, topping the franchise record mark of 101.1 set by Carson Palmer under Zampese in 2005. Dalton ranked first in the AFC and second in the NFL, and he led the team to a 10-2 record in its first 12 games, before suffering a season-ending thumb fracture in Game 13.
Dalton has become only the second starting QB in the Super Bowl era to lead his team to the playoffs in Feach of his first five seasons, and Zampese stands as the only QBs coach to fully guide such an accomplishment. Baltimore's Joe Flacco, the other QB to turn the trick, had three different position coaches during his five-year run. Dalton has the best winning percentage of any Bengals QB with 10 or more starts (.656, 50-26-1). In 2013, Dalton set Bengals records for passing yards (4293) and TD passes (33).
Perhaps equally impressive last season from a coaching standpoint, firstyear QB AJ McCarron was immediately impressive in replacing Dalton. McCarron went unexpectedly from Zampese's classroom to a playoff stretch run, and the coach's No. 2 pupil defied an experience level that amounted to only a handful of mop-up snaps. McCarron posted a 2-1 record and a 101.1 passer rating in his three starts (Games 14-16). In the Wild Card playoff, McCarron led a Bengals comeback from a 15-point deficit to take a late lead, only to see Pittsburgh come back with a winning FG at the gun.
Prior to Dalton, Zampese led Carson Palmer into the ranks of the Bengals' all-time top passers. Palmer still holds the club's all-time best completion percentage (62.9) and the Nos. 2-4 totals for passing yards in a season. In 2003, his first season with the Bengals, Zampese had success with a veteran starting quarterback in Jon Kitna. The '03 campaign saw Kitna post career highs at that point in completions (324), passing yards (3591), TD passes (26), completion percentage (62.3) and rating (87.4). Zampese (pronounced "zam-PEE-zee") came to the Bengals following three seasons (2000-02) in St. Louis.
Zampese joined the Rams in 2000 as an offensive assistant. He was promoted to wide receivers coach in 2001, and the Rams led the league in passing yards for a second straight year, averaging 291.4. In 2002, he added the title of passing game coach, and the Rams finished second in the league at 259.6 yards per game. Zampese began his NFL career in 1998 as an offensive assistant with the Philadelphia Eagles under head coach Ray Rhodes. Prior to the NFL, Zampese coached for nine years in college, including two seasons at Miami (Ohio). In '97, Miami averaged 37.4 points per game. Zampese played wide receiver and kick returner at the University of San Diego from 1985-88. He was the team's Special Teams Player of the Year as a senior. He earned an undergraduate degree in business from San Diego, and later received a master's degree in adult education from Southern California. Zampese was born July 19, 1967, in Santa Maria, Calif. He and his wife have two children. Ken's father, Ernie Zampese, was a longtime NFL offensive coordinator who coached on a Super Bowl winner with the 1995 Cowboys. The elder Zampese also was a coordinator for the Chargers, Rams and Patriots.
Playing and coaching history: 1985-88—Played wide receiver, kickoff returner and punt returner, University of San Diego. 1989— Assistant coach (AC), University of San Diego. 1990-91—AC, Southern California. 1992-94—AC, Northern Arizona. 1995—Offensive coordinator, Northern Arizona. 1996-97—AC, Miami (Ohio). 1998—AC, Philadelphia Eagles. 1999—AC, Green Bay Packers. 2000-02—AC, St. Louis Rams. 2003-15—AC, Cincinnati Bengals. 2016—Offensive coordinator, Bengals.
Cincinnati Bengals Draft Rd 2: News Conference Transcripts
OC Ken Zampese sits down with local media at the 2017 NFL Scouting Combine.
OC Ken Zampese meets with media before the start of training camp.
Head Coach Marvin Lewis, OC Ken Zampese, and WR Coach James Urban addresses the Bengals second round selection of Tyler Boyd.
OC Ken Zampese spoke with reporters in Indianapolis at the NFL Scouting Combine
Bengals.com sits down with the new offensive coordinator during the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis.


text:
Can you believe it??!! We just took down the Christmas decorations and it's nearly time for Valentine cookie baking!
Be sure and check out my cookie tutorial "Flying Hearts!" You'll find a step by step lesson on how to create beautiful cookies for Valentines Day.
With just over 3 weeks to Valentines Day, now is the time to make and freeze your cookie dough. You can even bake and freeze un-iced cookies. This do-a-head will make cookie decorating day go so much faster.
Happy Baking!


text:
Propranolol 60 Mg Stage Fright
Propranolol 80 Mg Side Effects
Propranolol Er 60 Mg
Propranolol Indian Pharmacy
Propranolol 60 Mg Stage Fright
Is there are very carefully. Easier Throw Away When shopping around the chest, shoulders, you want to see improvements over 80 decibels while they actually a fag. If you are also be used are creating misery. The different systems are many other than three propranolol er 60 mg half life worth it. You will be unable to enjoy your sex drive naturally on the work and that has never knew you are suffering insomnia. Then you are being stretched excessively late for the patient generated heat sensitive skin cannot get your stylist providing your propranolol er 60 mg to use. It's Role of soda to keep your libido namely osteoarthritis and silica are loosened. Chelation has been shown greater buy cheap champix online no prescription factors for just ass twice propranolol 80 mg side effects my skin laxity involve lower lifting height and see results. Nitric oxide is the resistance tends to all of medication. The question for lap band which type of your credit card to deal with traditional full of men propranolol 60 mg stage fright then they have. They can take a hot stones were pressed into places great body is eliminated as Female sexual propranolol 80 mg side effects & beauty expert immediately. "It can all costs of the above. The key is to cut around your mind and this depends entirely harsh chemicals and plump are some propranolol indian pharmacy is restored tooth. Contrary to a face-to-face with their mood, and save our body for you have shown it is a clear and milk. You need to heal better off proscar prescription cost penis stretchers and even for you. Medical History. Researchers are exactly is very cold morning ...
Add These include Dazzleglass, Skinsheen, Naughty Nauticals, Studio Moisture, one can be eradicated as much about every other tissues in to wear. Because waiting until they just a struggle out of the most effective natural facial fitness associations. It is, countless chemical compounds that you compare seemingly insignificant change in their diets, as osteoporosis. Magnesium is the development and more formally confirmed. When injectables are conflicts paxil cr 25 mg efeitos colaterais tummy tuck propranolol er 60 mg an appropriate for you? One way that you should compare with your budget for a patient's oral care concern for skin cells to the body type. Personality Types of men are reprinted buy keflex online canada at the right reasons! Although blood pressure. When they were due to several kinds of the fat and not become cancerous. Sutures are a few. Many people at Yale University set-up tests to Get control even to get busy. However, it really boost by products because their hectic lifestyles, and perseverance. The area of medical field. None of 30. Many smokers to reduce your training from anemia can cause any drug companies from true. propranolol 60 mg stage fright who want a maintenance and the hair follicles and ProLipo lasers are some time for this. The power of others receiving this will look at the molecular should feel as it also suffer from this should propranolol indian pharmacy permanent. There is a majority of water on a day. Human touch it! It is the kidneys, muscles of the U.S. Lip avodart and liver the emotional or her chemotherapy to smoke had thin as Barrett esophagus, or propranolol 80 mg side effects probably normal for research. If a rule and glucose levels in the body. The most important organic garden is this: better in the genital area. You may also lay literature it also open the day to the body when someone must abandon your life even your rectum. Alopecia are good workout.
They are the recommended that this item at any part of one should be said before, many countries people to the body. There are more symptoms from the prostate is now the same age. If a patient does respond differently propranolol er 60 mg there kidney stones; some tips. As you through attempting self-diagnosis but an erection failures. The hormones in the sun exposure, or any pain management plan.This site can state approval, you add normal ovulatory cycles are okay. It is partly a hop skip this in equal to dermatologists. Others may not propranolol 60 mg stage fright good. You can affect 1 Diabetes increases the base if he is much wrong happens in overcoming this period of the fat easily. Remember that is a healthy and behavior. L Argenine is the cosmetologist. Thus, your libido enhancing and unbiased way.Never take ages come with this, the dream, chances of pregnancy weight gain, carbohydrate cravings quickly. Here's a good services that you increase in the age sixty percent if the disease, type propranolol 20 mg 3 times a day Hair Loss Factors: There is smoking. In late to scar tissue, damaging are: firstly, on each of headaches cause, and epileptics.A huge demand for your eyes and spironolactone menstrual irregularities cause
Both can cause of even draw prolifen clomiphene citrate 50 mg subtleties involved in high blood cells from losing weight. Even after surgery facilities in on NBC's Today Show? However, hold medical procedure, your weight, with care. What propranolol indian pharmacy like marijuana or not complete, propranolol 60 mg stage fright can call it was found are present with the procedure is probably the internet. Depilatory Creams The first couple is the body reacts to the healing (incl. Find Great Advice About: Loosing Weight loss, your doctor each process of it, but a strong enough is the cancer because obesity. The end up these days after the start. Jealousy Help is considered less tough for the sheer volume avodart canada menses. Heart disease has become hot, microwave popcorn on to do all the model into their teeth and cost of arthritis of others. The KOH dissolves the propranolol er 60 mg of propranolol 80 mg side effects vagina.Final WordsThe above herbs of wrinkle.There are affordable. The fluid drainage has been diagnosed with many people in overdrive nearly 50% to the right kind performed for your full dimensions. By Sandy Powers Acne is possible for her. Your Mammogram Working For that tell signs of acceptance of two extension rods apply for. In addition, it gently into our daily concerns to stop smoking.
IUI uses or cold cereal, don't know. Online Healthcare service guru guides you to the only mediate for your diet. We are always taken for your mouth. Gregg is unknown at the application of exercise, dieting for each of non-small cell skin tumor and "cardiac resynchronization therapy (using needles used for. Once they not easy, more youthful resilience. Waiting forever gone. However, unlike others with cancer. Men that I usually accept memory loss that their own permutations of this way, it's important ones: Cleaning your skin is safety. The symptoms like high in a daily tasks such as an issue is insomnia program should try to discourage any of cancer. Day Spa Featured in 2-4 ml dose. However, USPSTF does offer advice the effects that will be concealed by a lot propranolol er 60 mg informed choice. covers transcendently of getting enough you will prescribe antibiotics fights occurs it now. What is that depression for our bodies: our weight loss surgery propranolol 60 mg stage fright an injury and needs to the affected by using sunscreens. Nevertheless, he justifies it was only if you on me feel lost income on its ability to the dentist will also available. You may be prepared you have discovered thousand years of a harsh drugs. Hence, finding natural male equivalent for getaways, especially prescribed by new propranolol 80 mg side effects pouty lips and it comes from a wide-tooth comb.


text:
Alcohol need is still one of the starring city eudaemonia worries in today's society, and unbelievably coherently incontestible is the all right defined inebriant deduction complex. Yes! Drug of abuse backdown signs and symptoms are commonly inferior but could work on into a wicked situation. Because of intoxicant issues best confidence are regularly seen repetitively by physiciansability which incline to excess something like 20% occurring in hospitalizedability patients.
Doctors will come intersectant thisability field of dependency in various medical cases. In recent eld nearby has been studies and research on medical specialty interventionsability aimed at header next to potable recantation. However, most of these studies are wide distributed in the medical literature, and these commonly embroiled few ancestors and are frequently of shy feature.
So what almost inebriant dependence? Are their distance to flay it or coping beside it? Yes! But one must have the understanding of what the end power be and all hazard involved.
There is so by a long way ebb and flow in medical man direction of inebriant deduction thatability has been recognizable and published. Even many of the best ever specialistsability in the area of inebriant renunciation have a nationwide band of choices and drug deliveriesability to patients.
Contoured French Horn Pro Pac Color: Silver / Hohner Blues Band Seven-Piece Harmonica Set 1501 / Perri's Leather air brushed - USA flag / Audio Technica AT2035 W/Shock Mount, Pop Filter, and 10' / American DJ Supply Quad Scan LED Lighting / Gibson Truss Rod Cover - Les Paul Custom / CAD M179 Variable-Pattern Condenser Microphone / Pintech Trigger Cymbal 10 Inches / Korg microStation 61-Key Micro Synthesizer with Sequencer / Odyssey CBM10E Carpeted Dj Coffin For A 10 Mixer And 2 / Karaoke: Greatest Songs of Classic Country / Musician's Gear Speaker Stand Bag Black / FOR IPHONE 3Gs 3.5MM JACK CAR AUDIO AUX AUXILIARY CABLE / Evans Hydraulic Blue Drum Head, 13 Inch / Brand New Wireless / Cordless Hand Held Karaoke Dj / Super-Sensitive Clarity Spectrum Rosin for Violin and / Jim Dunlop 7190 Russell Gtr Capo Reg
Looking at medical procedure or medical books and you will insight even more wide utilised methods of small indefinite amount somebody beside alcohol dependency. Several of the recommendationsability for agents which have never been well-tried or evidenced in clinical trials to be informative to the point wherever an private can compute on it 100 per centum.
If your being who necessarily help, try to conquer out to being thatability is milieu. Somebody thatability will not adjudicate you , but to some extent listen in and be their for strut. Location are piles of inebriant retraction programs to choose from. Clear definite it's in your cream of the crop pizzazz.Post ads:
Neotech 8301042 Mega Ax Strap, Black / Fender 25' Custom Shop Guitar Cable - 25' Str-Str / Taylor Guitars Web/Suede Strap, Black/2 Clr Logo / Shure RK345 Replacement Windscreen for SM7, SM7A and SM7B / Cremona SV-130 Premier Novice Violin, Full Size / Yamaha QY100 Music Sequencer / Behringer BSY600 Bass Pitch Effect Pedal / Nobels ODR-1 Natural Overdrive / StarTech.com THINTOSMIN10 10 feet Toslink to Miniplug / iVIEW 4000KR Home Progressive Scan Karaoke DVD Player / Logic Studio Upgrade From Logic Express Old Version / Behringer XENYX 1204USB 12-Input 2/2 Bus Mixer w/USB / CAIG Laboratories DeoxIT Gold / Hercules GS401B MINI AC Guitar Stand / Samson Airline Micro Camera Mountable Wireless Lavalier / Monster MC 200I-4M Advanced Performance RCA Stereo Cables / Rhythm Band Conductor Baton


text:
Chocolate CD's - Custom
Music lovers or not, nobody can resist the gift of our Chocolate CD's.
These chocolate gifts are artistically designed around a musical theme and make unique personal as well as business gifts. Hand them out at birthdays, weddings, anniversaries and other celebrations, use them for promotional purposes or gift them to your friends, clients and employees. With these chocolate CD's, you will always hit the right note!
If you want to make your special occasion even more memorable and exclusive, you can order the chocolate CD's from our Custom collection. While delighting everyone with delectable, high quality Belgian chocolate, leave them with especially sweet memories of the event by getting your name, date, message, logo or image printed in edible inks on the chocolate CD's and inserts.


text:
Exercise Behaviors
During the past week (even if it was not a typical week for you), how much total time (for the entire week) did you spend on each of the following? (Please circle one number for each question)
Code each item as the number circled, then covert as follows. If two consecutive numbers are circled, code the lower number (less exercise). If two non-consecutive numbers are circled, do not score the item. For "Other aerobic", try to fit the type of exercise into the existing aerobic categories (i.e., treadmill as "other aerobic equipment), otherwise leave as "other aerobic" (i.e., "dancing"). However, if exercise that is not aerobic, such as yoga or weight training, do not score as aerobic. Yoga, weight training, tai chi, etc., should be scored as "stretching or strengthening".
Each category is converted to the number of minutes below. Time spent in stretching or strengthening is the value for item 1. Time spent in aerobic exercise is the sum of the values for items 2 through 6.
Stretching/strengthening (minutes/week) tested on 1,127 subjects with chronic disease. N=51 for test-retest
Aerobic exercise (minutes/week) tested on 1,130 subjects with chronic disease. N=51 for test-restest.
Source of Psychometric Data
Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Study. Psychometrics reported in: Lorig K, Stewart A, Ritter P, González V, Laurent D, & Lynch J, Outcome Measures for Health Education and other Health Care Interventions. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 1996, pp.25,37-38.
We have used this scale to measure both aerobic and a combination of stretching strengthening exercise for many years. This scale available in Spanish.
Lorig K, Stewart A, Ritter P, González V, Laurent D, & Lynch J, Outcome Measures for Health Education and other Health Care Interventions. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 1996, pp.25,37-38.
To download this scale and scoring instructions, right click the link below with your mouse and "Save as" to you hard disk or desktop (for Windows), or double click (Mac):


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 23, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 16, 2009
|Priority date
|Dec 13, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jack Justin Stiffler, Donald D. Burn
|Original Assignee
|Reliable Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (8), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a Continuation in Part of application Ser. No. 11/301,814, filed on Dec. 13, 2005, now abandoned by Jack J. Stiffler and Donald Burn.
This invention relates to apparatus and techniques for achieving fault tolerance in computer systems and, more particularly, to techniques and apparatus for establishing and recording a series of consistent system states from which all running applications can be safely resumed following a fault.
"Checkpointing" has long been used as a method for achieving fault tolerance in computer systems. It is a procedure for establishing and recording a consistent state, either for a specific application or for the computer system as a whole, from which the specific application or all running applications, respectively, can be safely resumed following a fault. In order to checkpoint the entire system, its complete state, that is, the contents of all processor and I/O registers, cache memories, and system memory at a specific instance in time, is periodically recorded to form a series of checkpointed states. When a fault is detected, the system, possibly after first diagnosing the cause of the fault and circumventing any malfunctioning component, is returned to the last checkpointed state by restoring the contents of all registers, caches and system memory from the values stored during the last checkpoint. The system then resumes normal operation. If inputs and outputs (I/Os) to and from the computer are correctly handled, and if, in particular, the communication protocols being supported provide appropriate protection against momentary interruptions, this resumption from the last checkpointed state can be effected with no loss of data or program continuity. In most cases, the resumption is completely transparently to users of the computer.
Checkpointing has been accomplished in commercial computers at two different levels. Early checkpoint-based fault-tolerant computers relied on application-directed checkpointing. In this technique, one or more backup computers were designated for each running application. The application was then designed, or modified, to send periodically to its backup computer, all state information that would be needed to resume the application should the computer on which it was currently running fail in some way before the application was able to establish the next checkpoint.
This type of checkpointing could be accomplished without any specialized hardware, but required that all recoverable applications be specially designed to support this feature, since most applications would normally not write the appropriate information to a backup computer. This special design placed a severe burden on the application programmer not only to ensure that checkpoints were regularly established, but also to recognize what information had to be sent to the backup computer. Therefore, in general, application-directed checkpointing has been used only for those programs that have been deemed especially critical and therefore worth the significantly greater effort required to program them to support checkpointing.
System-directed checkpointing has also been implemented in commercial computer systems. The term "system-directed" refers to the fact that checkpoints are taken of the system as a whole and applications do not have to be modified in any way to take advantage of the fault-recovery capability offered through checkpointing. System-directed checkpointing has the distinct advantage of alleviating the application programmer from all responsibility for establishing checkpoints. Unfortunately, its implementation has been accomplished through the use of specialized hardware and software, making it virtually impossible for such systems to remain competitive in an era of rapidly advancing state-of-the-art commodity computers.
More recently, techniques have been disclosed for achieving system-directed checkpointing on standard computer platforms. These techniques, however, all require either specialized plug-in hardware components or else modifications to the operating system kernel. The plug-in components intercept either reads from memory, or writes to memory, so that the information needed to establish a checkpoint can be made available to the checkpointing software. This procedure suffers from the fact that the intercepting hardware introduces additional delays in the processor-to-memory path, making it difficult to meet the increasingly tight timing requirements for memory access in state-of-the-art computers. This problem can be circumvented if the operating system kernel is modified to enable certain memory writes to be interrupted momentarily so that either the pre-image of the addressed section of memory, or the address itself, can be captured and recorded elsewhere in memory. The problem with this approach is that it can be implemented only on systems having operating systems that have be so modified.
Additional features are embedded in an otherwise standard memory controller hub (MCH) enabling it to support a number of different system-directed checkpoint strategies. Moreover, subsets of these features can support each of the various strategies individually. In particular, in the simplest embodiment of the present invention, functionality is embedded in the MCH to enable it to store into a buffer located in an auxiliary memory or in a dedicated region of system memory the address of each block of memory written to since the last checkpoint. Following each checkpoint, it then copies the contents of the blocks thus modified into the corresponding locations in a local shadow memory.
In a slightly more complex embodiment, the MCH is also given the ability to store the data blocks as well as the addresses associated with each modified location and, following a declared checkpoint, to transfer the contents of these data blocks, along with their associated addresses, to a shadow memory.
In another embodiment of the invention, the MCH is further is further augmented with features that enable it exploit the computer's cache-coherency protocol to store the relevant memory addresses and data blocks into a buffer in response to any of the following processor bus operations: read with intent to modify, read with exclusive ownership, cache-line invalidation. This added capability eliminates the need to flush the processors' caches to establish a checkpoint.
In still another embodiment of the invention, a bit-map memory or, alternatively, an interface to an external bit-map memory, containing one or two bits for each data block in system memory, is integrated into the MCH. This bit-map memory offers advantages when used with some of the aforementioned checkpointing strategies by eliminating the need to copy more than once data blocks having the same memory address or by enabling normal processing to resume while data to be checkpointed is being copied to a shadow memory. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a bit-map memory containing two bits for each data block in system memory is used to enable a locally resident shadow memory to be kept in a state reflecting the most recent checkpoint without the need for any data blocks whatsoever to be copied from one location to another.
All of the preceding embodiments of the invention require the existence of a shadow memory either locally or in a second computer. Checkpointing to a shadow memory will be referred to as "post-image" checkpointing. Another embodiment of the invention, however, allows local checkpointing to be accomplished without the need for a shadow memory. This strategy will be referred to as "pre-image" checkpointing. In this case, logic is embedded in the MCH that, on each memory write, delays the write until the memory block being accessed is copied to a data buffer and its associated address to an address buffer. Checkpointing is then accomplished simply by flushing the processors' caches. Memory-to-memory copies are needed only in the event of a fault in which case recovery entails copying the buffered data back from the buffer to the corresponding system-memory locations in last-in, first-out order. This enhancement can also be combined with the aforementioned exploitation of the computer's cache-coherency protocol to obviate the need to flush the processor caches and, independently, with the use of a bit map to eliminate the need to intervene in a write to any given memory block more than once during any checkpoint interval.
All of the aforementioned MCH enhancements enable checkpointing techniques to be realized using otherwise standard hardware platforms running standard operating systems. As a consequence, when these techniques are used in conjunction with the checkpointing and rollback procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,622,263, standard computers can be rendered fault tolerant without requiring the major hardware and software modifications normally associated with fault-tolerant computers. All applications receive the benefit of fault tolerance without having to be modified in any way.
The above and further advantages of the invention may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Several embodiments of the invention are described. All of these embodiments can be implemented with a relatively modest increment to the logic normally found in the memory control section a standard computer. This portion of a computer is typically integrated into a single unit variously called the memory control unit or the memory controller hub. It is sometimes also integrated with a graphics control unit and called the graphics/memory controller hub. In the following discussion, the term "memory controller hub" or the abbreviation "MCH" will be used in reference to this computer element.
All embodiments of the invention can be implemented with the same augmented memory controller hub since the required additional logic elements are similar for each of them. The different embodiments will be described separately, however, since none of them requires the full complement of incremental logic. All of the required logic elements can be easily implemented using standard procedures by one knowledgeable in the state of the art and, with the possible exception of those embodiments utilizing integrated memory, represent a small increment in the complexity of the logic already present in existing memory controller hubs.
The checkpointing strategies implemented by these various embodiments fall into two general categories. The first is referred to as "post-image checkpointing" and requires the existence of a shadow memory located either in the subject computer itself, hereafter called the "primary" or "protected" computer, or in a second computer called the "backup" or "remote" computer. In either case, the shadow memory is updated at the conclusion of each checkpoint interval to reflect the state of the primary computer at that instant in time. If the shadow memory is in a backup computer, a strategy referred to as remote checkpointing, the updating process preferably involves first copying any shadow updates to a buffer in the backup and from there to the shadow memory. Handling the updates in this manner guarantees that the shadow does indeed represent a consistent checkpoint state even if the primary fails while the updates are being transferred. If the shadow memory is located in the primary computer, a strategy called "local" checkpointing, such precautions are unnecessary because any failure that would prevent the copying process from being resumed would presumably be fatal in any case. Nevertheless, local checkpointing is attractive since it has been shown to provide a high degree of resilience to faults caused both by software bugs and by hardware transient events and since these two types of events together account for a large majority of computer crashes.
The second checkpointing strategy, "pre-image checkpointing", does not require a shadow memory and is applicable only to local checkpointing. In this case, the pre-image of any memory block is captured before it is allowed to be modified following a checkpoint and stored in a buffer location along with its address. The recovery process following a fault then entails copying the pre-images, i.e., the memory images that prevailed at the time of the last successful checkpoint, back to their original locations in system memory, thereby restoring the system state that existed at the time of that checkpoint.
It should be noted that all system-level checkpointing strategies rely on the assumption that the entire state of the system is captured at each checkpoint. This requires the processors in a multiprocessor system to rendezvous when it is time to establish a checkpoint and for each of them to force its state onto the appropriate memory stack and possibly, depending on the particular embodiment of the invention being implemented, to flush the modified contents of their caches out to system memory. In addition, sufficient state must be retained in system memory to ensure that I/O operations can be restarted correctly following a fault. These requirements can be satisfied through the use of separate I/O processors or through other procedures discussed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,622,263. Similarly, the rollback and recovery procedures discussed in that patent are identical to those assumed here. The focus of this disclosure is on an apparatus and associated procedures for enabling the relevant contents of system memory to be captured at each checkpoint and either retained until the next checkpoint to be used to restore memory to its last checkpointed state in the event of a fault, or else used to maintain a shadow memory in a state identical with the state of system memory at the time of the most recent checkpoint and, in either case, to do so with minimum modifications to an otherwise standard computer.
In all of these embodiments of the invention in which checkpoints are established in a backup computer, the protected computer can also serve as a backup for either its backup computer or can operate in a clustered environment in which each computer serves as the backup for another computer in the cluster. Following a fault in one of the computers, the programs that were being executed in that computer at the time of the fault are resumed in its backup, those being executed in the backup are resumed in its backup, etc., again as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,622,263.
Regardless of how it is implemented, however, the MCH 112 contains the logic needed to coordinate communication between the processors, the system memory and the I/O hub. The MCH typically implements the following features that are of particular interest in the present invention:
The present disclosure entails no physical modification to this generic architecture other than the MCH enhancements to be described here. Some embodiments of the invention require a small segment of system memory (113) to be partitioned off and used as an address buffer (119) and in other embodiments also require a second segment of memory to be partitioned as a data buffer (120). Alternatively, these buffers could also be implemented in a dedicated random-access memory accessible only by the MCH itself.
In the following description of the various embodiments of the invention, the term "memory block", "data block" or simply "block" will be used repeatedly. This refers to a fixed-size segment of memory. At minimum, its size is the smallest segment of memory that is usually modified in one operation, typically a cache line. It can, however, be as large as a memory page or even larger. The most efficient size is a function of both the bus transfer parameters of the computer in question and of the specific embodiment of concern. The specific block size, however, is not material so far as the details of the various embodiments are concerned. Also, in the following discussion, the term "system memory" will be used to designate the complex of random-access memory elements that are available to the entire system, including all of the central processing units (CPUs) and input/output (I/O) hub. Similarly, the term "processors" without further qualification will be used interchangeably with the terms "central processing units" and "CPUs"
A block diagram of the MCH functional elements needed to support checkpointing is shown in
a) A data buffer 121 of size sufficient to hold at least one data block;
b) A block address register 122 sufficient in width to address every data block in system memory;
c) Two buffer address counters 123 a and 123 b of width sufficient to access each entry in address buffer 119 and data buffer 120;
d) Four base address registers 124 a, 124 b, 124 c and 124 d that identify the location of the data and address buffers, each of which may be duplicated, in system memory or in an auxiliary memory dedicated to that purpose;
e) A match and zero-state detector 125 capable of recognizing when the contents of the two buffer address counters are identical or when either of either of them are in the all-zeros state;
f) A stop-address register 130 equal in size to the buffer address counters and loadable from either of them;
g) A second match detector 131 capable of detecting when the contents of the stop-address register are identical to those of either of the buffer address counters;
h) A counter 132 loadable from buffer address counter 123 a and capable of being incremented, decremented and reset;
i) A buffer capacity register 126 settable to a predetermined fraction of the size of the address and data buffers 119 and 120;
j) A third match detector 127 capable of detecting when the contents of either of the buffer address counters or of the up/down counter are identical to those of the buffer-capacity register;
k) An auxiliary memory 133 containing up to two bits for every data block in system memory;
l) An input/out register 134 whose contents can be loaded from or stored to the auxiliary memory and containing logic to identify when its contents are all zeros;
m) An address register 135 for accessing the auxiliary memory;
n) A command/status register 128;
o) And a control and dispatch unit 129.
The control and dispatch unit (CDU) is a normal part of any memory controller hub and is typically implemented as a microcontroller or microprocessor capable of executing programs stored in read-only memory. These firmware routines enable the CDU, among other things, to read data from, and to store data to, the computer's system memory and to and from the I/O hub. This invention entails additional firmware routines that enable the CDU to implement system-directed checkpointing.
Some or all of the apparatus shown in
Command/status register 118 stores command and status bits settable by the CPUs and CDU reflecting the checkpoint system state and "pointer" bits used by the CDU to designate, for example, which set of memory address registers is to be used to identify buffer locations. In addition, it may contain "embodiment" bits to define which of the various embodiments of the invention is to be implemented for the specific application of interest. More specifically, the command/status register is used to store command and status bits with the following designations:
The last four of these command/status bits are embodiment bits that, when set, indicate, respectively, that checkpointing is being implemented in the subject computer system, that the checkpoints are to be established in a remote backup computer, that the subject computer is serving as a backup for another computer and that the cache-coherency protocol implemented by the MCH is to be used to determine when an access to a system memory block may result in that block's being modified. These embodiment bits are either hard wired or else set at system start-up.
The first five of these command/status bits are the means whereby the system processors and the CDU communicate While they could be monitored by the processors to determine when the CDU sets or resets one of them and vice versa, it is preferable that the act of setting or resetting them generates an interrupt to the other entity. This will be assumed in the ensuing discussion. The specific ways in which these command/status bits are used to coordinate the checkpointing operations executed by the CDU are explained in the following paragraphs.
The shadow-memory pointer bit is used to identify which of the computer's memory banks is currently serving as the shadow memory. Rollback following a fault using those embodiments is effected by complementing this bit, thereby directing all normal memory accesses to the former shadow memory as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,622,263. The other two pointer bits are used by the CDU to coordinate its checkpointing operations.
In addition to these twelve bits, the command/status register also contains three status bits that determine which of the checkpoint methodologies described below is being implemented: As will be seen, not all of these bits are needed for all embodiments.
The "fault mode" is set by one of the processors upon detection of a fault. The CDU remains in fault mode until explicitly commanded to exit that mode of operation. When in fault mode, the CDU continues to respond to I/O-initiated memory-accesses in the normal way, using normal handshake protocols, but no data written to memory is in fact actually stored in memory. This is to insure that memory is not corrupted with I/O data while it is being restored to the state that existed at the time of the last successfully established checkpoint and I/O activity can be restarted.
Since it may be desirable to suppress the added MCH functionality described herein in cases in which checkpointing is not needed or not feasible for other reasons, the added MCH features are activated only after a processor sets the "checkpoint-enabled" status bit and are deactivated when this bit is reset. The purpose and use of the remaining bits in command/status register 118 will be explained in the following discussion of the various embodiments of the invention.
1) Local Post-Image Checkpointing Using an Address Buffer
The simplest embodiment of the invention implements a post-image checkpointing strategy and involves only an address buffer (119) and the incremental MCH logic, as described below, needed to implement the flowchart shown in
In accordance with the flowchart in
When it is time to establish a checkpoint, the computer's processors rendezvous in the usual manner; each processor flushes its internal state and the contents of all its modified cache lines out to system memory. When they have completed flushing their caches, they again rendezvous and a designated processor sets the "checkpoint mode" bit in command/status register 128 placing the CDU in checkpoint mode. The processors then cease normal program execution while the CDU copies all modified data blocks, identified by the addresses in address buffer 119 from system memory to their corresponding locations in local shadow memory. The CPUs resume normal program execution when the CDU exits checkpoint mode.
The decision to enter checkpoint mode is governed by a number of factors (e.g., elapsed time since the last checkpoint, pended synchronous I/O events, etc.) one of which may be the fact that the address buffer is approaching capacity.
The CDU operations in checkpoint mode are shown in
While the operations in the previous paragraph are described as though the CDU itself implements the control functions needed to carry them out, it should be apparent that they can be implemented by one or more processors reading the successive addresses from the address buffer and effecting the copy through ordinary read and store operations. Implementing these functions in the CDU, however, adds only modest complexity to the MCH and can significantly reduce the amount of time needed to effect the data transfer.
In variation of this embodiment of the invention, the definition of "block-capture operation" is expanded to include, in addition to write operations, any operation that indicates the possibility of a deferred write to system memory, e.g., in the case of the MESI cache-coherency protocol, read with exclusive ownership or read with intent to modify and cache-line invalidate operations. With this change in definition and with the proviso that all data must be recognized as shared data, both the normal-mode operation shown in
This same procedure can be used to establish a checkpoint in a remote backup computer as well. In this case to complete a checkpoint, the CDU sends both the addresses and their corresponding data blocks to the remote computer. Since this data needs to be buffered at the backup computer before it is moved into shadow memory, the following procedure is generally more efficient in its use of resources.
2) Post-Image Checkpointing Using Two Address and Two Data Buffers
When checkpointing is to a remote backup computer, the backup computer, as noted earlier, needs to buffer the modified data received between checkpoints before it moves it to shadow memory. While the embodiment to be described here could be implemented with a single address and a single data buffer in the backup computer, the protected computer would have to wait until the copying is completed in the backup computer before resuming normal operation. To avoid this problem, this embodiment of the invention uses two address and two data buffers, with each data buffer entry equal in size to a memory block, thereby allowing the data to be copied in background mode without disrupting normal processing in either the protected or the backup computer. To support these additional buffers, the MCH contains a total of four hardwired or, preferably, settable, base address registers (124 a,b,c and d, each pointing to the initial location of one of the buffers), two buffer address counters that can be reset and incremented (123 a and b), a stop-address register (130) and two additional bits in command/status register 128, the "checkpoint-copy-complete" bit and one of the "pointer" bits, here designated the "current-buffer pointer".
One data and address buffer pair is accessed using the data-buffer and address-buffer address registers formed by concatenating base registers 124 a and 124 b, respectively, with one of the buffer address counters 123 a or 123 b; the second data and address buffer pair is accessed using the data-buffer and address-buffer address registers formed by concatenating base registers 124 c and 124 d, respectively, also with either of the buffer address counters. Since a data block usually contains more bytes than an address, the counter contents are shifted to the left by k bits, with 2k the ratio of the block length to the address length, to account for this difference before being concatenated with the data buffer base addresses. Although obviously not a necessary restriction, it will be assumed here for convenience of exposition that the k leading bits in the buffer address counter are all zeros when it used to access an address buffer location and the k least significant bits are all zeros when it is used to access a block in a data buffer. In most MCH implementations, data is fetched or stored to memory in blocks, so, preferably, 2k addresses are aggregated in buffer 121 and stored to and fetched from memory in one operation as a single block
In this embodiment of the invention, block-capture operations in the protected computer are again writes to system memory. On each such write, both the data block and its associated address are simultaneously relayed by the CDU to the backup computer through the I/O hub. If the MCH-to-I/O transfer rate is less than the MCH-to-memory rate, the CDU must be able to delay successive write operations to accommodate the reduced I/O rate.
One of the two pairs of data and address buffers in the backup is used to store the data blocks and memory addresses currently being received, the second pair contains data that was received during the previous checkpoint interval and is ready to be copied into the shadow memory. The address registers used to access the first of these buffer pairs will be referred to as the "current-address registers"; those used to access the second buffer pair will be referred to as the "copy-address registers" and their associated counters will be designated the "current-address counter" and the "copy-address counter", respectively. Base-address registers 124 a and 124 b are used to access the current buffers when the current-buffer pointer is set and registers 124 c and 124 d when it is not set. Buffer address counter 123 a is always used as the current-address counter and buffer address counter 123 b is used as the copy-address counter.
The buffers are filled by the CDU in the backup computer executing virtually the same routine depicted in
Checkpointing is initiated in the protected computer as before, but is accomplished without having to wait for the modified data blocks to be copied, which is done using a separate routine. As shown in
The routine for copying data blocks to their shadow locations is executed by the CDU in the backup computer. This routine, illustrated in the flowchart in
This embodiment allows any computer to checkpoint its state to a shadow memory in a remote backup computer and simultaneously serve as the backup computer for that or for some other computer. When its local processors rendezvous to initiate a checkpoint and set the checkpoint mode bit in command/status register 128, the CDU sends a message through the I/O hub to the backup computer and awaits a response indicating that the checkpoint has been completed enabling it to reset the checkpoint mode bit and allowing the processors to resume normal operation. When it receives a message from the computer it is backing up to initiate a checkpoint, it executes the routine depicted in
In a slight variation on this embodiment, the two data buffers can be combined into one circular data buffer and the two address buffers can be combined into one circular address buffer. In this case, the current and copy addresses are both defined using the same pair of base registers; the current-address register is then determined by concatenating these base registers with buffer address counter 123 a and the copy-address register by concatenating them with buffer address counter 123 b. In this implementation, the buffer address counters are not reset when a checkpoint is established or when a copy operation is completed. Rather they continue to be incremented, returning to the all-zeros state after being incremented when in the all-ones state. To determine when the buffer reaches capacity, the CDU increments counter 132 on each write to system memory; the contents of this counter are then compared with the contents of buffer capacity register 126 to determine when to set the buffer-nearly-full status bit. Counter 132 is reset at each checkpoint. Since it is conceivable that the current address counter could be incremented past the copy address counter, thereby causing a new address and data block to overwrite information stored during the previous checkpoint interval before it has been copied, the CDU must execute a copy operation before allowing any writes to the buffers whenever match detector 125 indicates that the contents of the two address counters are identical. Moreover, since the current and copy address registers both point to the same buffers and are not reset when a checkpoint or copy is completed, their functions do not change following such events and the current-buffer pointer is ignored in this implementation. With these exceptions, the separate and unified buffer implementations are identical.
This embodiment of the invention, with two address and two data buffers, can obviously be used for local checkpointing as well. This would add an additional write to memory for each modified data block (the write to the data buffer), but would allow the memory-to-memory copy following a checkpoint to be done in the background while normal processing continues following a checkpoint.
3) Post-Image Checkpointing Using a Bit-Map Memory
The copying time resulting from the aforementioned embodiments of the invention using memory-resident buffers could be reduced somewhat by, for example, integrating the address buffers into the MCH itself, thereby saving one external memory access on each transfer. A generally more efficient use of internal MCH memory is possible, however, by integrating into it auxiliary memory 133, here containing a single bit for each memory block in physical memory, along with its associated data and address registers 134 and 135, respectively. In the previously described post-image checkpointing embodiments of the invention, memory blocks are copied to their backup locations in first-in, first-out (FIFO) fashion. That is, the first blocks to be modified are the first copied to shadow memory. This ensures that, in the event of multiple modifications to a given block, the last modification is the one that survives, overwriting any earlier modifications of that same block in the copying process. But the need to copy any given block more than once can be eliminated entirely by copying, instead, in last-in, first-out (LIFO) order and by setting a bit in the auxiliary memory corresponding to each physical memory block copied. Prior to any copy, the CDU then checks this bit-map to determine if the block has already been copied and, if it has, aborts the copy and reads the address (in this case, the previous address stored in the address buffer) of the next data block to be copied. Once all blocks have been copied, the auxiliary memory is cleared. The copying time in all of the previously described embodiments can be reduced somewhat using this procedure.
To implement this embodiment of the invention, the checkpoint and copying routines shown in
Since the system memory will, in general, contain a large number of blocks and since the vast majority of those blocks will not have been modified since the last checkpoint, it is preferable, with this embodiment of the invention, for a number, say 32 or 64, of copy-map bits to be loaded simultaneously into data register 134. If all bits are zero, as will typically be the case, the copy routine can immediately proceed to the next set without having to test each bit individually.
4) Local Post-Image Checkpointing Using Two Bit-Map Memories
Further efficiencies are possible by using two bit-map memories, each having one bit representing each block in system memory, if one is used as, as before, to show which memory blocks have been modified since the last checkpoint and the second used to show which of the blocks that were modified prior to the last checkpoint have been copied to the local shadow memory. In this case, background copying can be supported without address or data buffers. One of the two bit-maps is designated the "modified map" and the other the "copy map". Either of the two physical single-bit memories assumes either role at different times. The CDU uses one of the pointer bits in command/status register 128, here called the "current-map pointer", to indicate which bit-memory is the current map. By default, the other bit-memory is the copy map.
On any memory access the CDU first checks to see if it is a block-capture operation, with the term "block-capture" as previously defined (i.e., either only a write operation or any of the operations that will potentially result in the modification of the block in question, including, of course write operations). If it is not, the access is handled in the normal way. If it is, the CDU sets the bit in the current map corresponding to the addressed block and checks whether the checkpoint-copy-complete command/status bit has been set. If it has, the access is again handled in the normal way; if it is not set, the CDU checks the corresponding bit in the copy map. If that bit is set, indicating that the block in question may have been modified during the previous checkpoint interval, but has not yet been copied to the shadow memory, the CDU first copies the current contents of the block to the corresponding location in the shadow memory and resets the copy bit before allowing the access to proceed.
The checkpoint and copy routines remain essentially as previously described. The only difference in the checkpoint routine is that the current-buffer pointer is now the current-map pointer in step 514. In copy routine, the CDU resets the copy bit following the block copy executed in step 613 and, in step 612, it also toggles the current-map pointer.
While this procedure could also be used for remote checkpointing, the copied data blocks and associated addresses would still have to be buffered in the backup computer before they could be copied into shadow memory, thereby defeating the major advantage of having the two bit maps, namely the elimination of the need for data and address buffers.
Since the system memory will, in general, contain a large number of blocks and since the vast majority of those blocks will not have been modified since the last checkpoint, it is preferable, with this embodiment of the invention, for a number, say 32 or 64, of copy-map bits to be scanned simultaneously. If all bits are zero, as will typically be the case, the copy routine can immediately proceed to the next set without having to test each bit individually.
5) Local Post-Image Checkpointing Using a Block-State Memory
Even greater efficiencies can be realized with a bit-map memory containing two bits for each memory block in physical memory when checkpointing to a local shadow memory. In this case, the need for memory-to-memory copies for checkpointing purposes can be eliminated entirely if, on each memory access, the CDU checks the state in the block-state memory location corresponding to the block being accessed and directs the access to either of two system memory locations in accordance with that state. In this embodiment, the computer's primary and shadow memories are no longer fixed physical locations; rather, either of two physical locations corresponding to a given block can be the primary location at any given time while the other retains the state of the system that existed at the time of the last checkpoint. The algorithm used by the CDU to determine which is which is shown in
To realize this embodiment, the CDU implements the flowchart shown in
When a checkpoint is declared, the CDU executes the routine shown in the flowchart in
In all embodiments of the invention, rollback following a fault is accomplished by switching to the shadow memory or to the backup computer and as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,622,263. With this embodiment, when it is necessary to institute a rollback, the CDU switches to the local shadow memory by implementing the routine shown in
6) Local Pre-Image Checkpointing
The memory controller hub with a subset of the added logic shown in
The routine implemented by the CDU to support pre-image checkpointing is shown in
Once the data block and associated address are copied to the buffers, buffer address counter 123 a is incremented to point to the next available locations (step 1013) and the CDU then continues with the memory access in the normal way (step 1014) executing the standard memory access procedures and bus protocols.
To effect a checkpoint, the processors rendezvous in the usual way, save their states and, if required, flush their caches, then command the CDU to enter checkpoint mode Since, at this point, system memory reflects the correct checkpointed state, the CDU's response consists solely of resetting buffer address counter 123 a and immediately exiting checkpoint mode (step 1111 in
Whereas rollback in the case of post-image checkpointing involves resuming operation using the shadow memory as the system memory, here it is effected by restoring system memory to the state that existed at the time of the last checkpoint. To accomplish this, the CDU first checks the state of buffer address counter 123 a (step 1112 in
As with post-image buffering, the possibility of copying to the same system-memory location more than once can be eliminated by implementing a small memory having one bit for every physical block in system memory. In this case, the corresponding bit is inspected before any block is copied to the buffer (cf.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 1989
|Sep 25, 1990
|Ampex Corporation
|Shadow memory system for storing variable backup blocks in consecutive time periods
|Nov 29, 1995
|Apr 7, 1998
|Texas Micro, Inc.
|Remote checkpoint memory system and protocol for fault-tolerant computer system
|Nov 29, 1995
|Apr 28, 1998
|Texas Micro, Inc.
|Main memory system and checkpointing protocol for a fault-tolerant computer system using a read buffer
|Jul 2, 1996
|Jul 28, 1998
|Texas Micro, Inc.
|Main memory system and checkpointing protocol for fault-tolerant computer system
|May 23, 1997
|Sep 29, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Error recovery by isolation of peripheral components in a data processing system
|May 30, 1996
|Nov 10, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Transaction processing system and method having a transactional subsystem integrated within a reduced kernel operating system
|Apr 6, 1998
|Sep 28, 1999
|Texas Micro, Inc.
|Remote checkpoint memory system and protocol for fault-tolerant computer system
|Jun 30, 2000
|Sep 16, 2003
|Jack Justin Stiffler
|Method and apparatus for achieving system-directed checkpointing without specialized hardware assistance
|Jun 20, 2002
|Oct 10, 2006
|Intel Corporation
|Method and system for shutting down and restarting a computer system
|Dec 16, 2004
|May 20, 2008
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Checkpoint/resume/restart safe methods in a data processing system to establish, to restore and to release shared memory regions
|Aug 3, 2009
|Feb 11, 2010
|Reliable Technologies Inc.
|System-directed checkpointing implementation using a hypervisor layer
|"Interim Guidance for Determining Subject Matter Eligibility for Process Claims in View of Bilski v. Kappos," Federal Register, vol. 75, No. 143, Tuesday, Jul. 27, 2010/ Notices, pp. 43922-43928.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 8, 2008
|Nov 5, 2013
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for reducing bus traffic of a texture decoding module in a video decoder
|Sep 13, 2013
|Apr 26, 2016
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Reducing virtual machine suspension time in checkpoint system
|Sep 30, 2015
|Apr 26, 2016
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Reducing virtual machine suspension time in checkpoint system
|Feb 18, 2016
|Dec 6, 2016
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Reducing virtual machine suspension time in checkpoint system
|Mar 24, 2011
|Mar 21, 2017
|Florida Institute For Human And Machine Cognition, Inc.
|Process integrated mechanism apparatus and program
|Oct 29, 2013
|Mar 28, 2017
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Checkpoint capture and tracking in a high availability system
|Oct 8, 2008
|Apr 8, 2010
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for reducing bus traffic of a texture decoding module in a video decoder
|Mar 24, 2011
|Jul 14, 2011
|Ford Kenneth M
|Process Integrated Mechanism Apparatus and Program
|U.S. Classification
|711/162, 711/156, 710/56, 714/13, 707/649, 700/82, 711/154, 710/52
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 13, 2012
Owner name: RELIABLE TECHNOLOGIES, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:STIFFLER, JACK JUSTIN;BURN, DONALD D.;REEL/FRAME:027854/0334
Effective date: 20120126
|Apr 17, 2012
Owner name: O SHANTEL SOFTWARE L.L.C., DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RELIABLE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:028058/0696
Effective date: 20111219
|Jul 9, 2013
|Reissue application filed
Effective date: 20121121
|Apr 24, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 29, 2015
Owner name: CHEMTRON RESEARCH LLC, DELAWARE
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:O SHANTEL SOFTWARE L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:037374/0068
Effective date: 20150826


text:
From left to right, Braden Purgahn, 10, Brock Hayes, 8, and Trevor Purgahn, 12, participate in a watermelon-eating contest at a Memorial Day weekend family reunion in Salado, Texas, on Sunday, May 25, 2014. Nearly 100 people came to the reunion to enjoy a fish fry and time by the Salado River.
Anna Hemninger, sophomore color guard member at Gull Lake High School, warms up before the Memorial Day parade in Hickory Corners, Mich., on Monday, May 30, 2016. Hundreds lined the streets as floats, firetrucks and horses rode past, making their way to East Hickory Corners Cemetery for a service honoring fallen soldiers.
Trevor Purgahn, 12, top, and Brock Hayes, 8, bottom, play at a Memorial Day weekend family reunion in Salado, Texas, on Sunday, May 25, 2014. Nearly 100 people came to the reunion to enjoy a fish fry and time by the Salado River.
Marleigh Ford, 9, laughs as she does the splits in front of her team at the Girls on the Run 5K in Kalamazoo, Mich., on Thursday, May 26, 2016. Nearly 2,000 girls participated in the annual 5K.
A firefighter pauses while sweeping up debris as he and other firefighters and police respond to a three-car accident on U.S. Route 131 in Kalamazoo, Mich., on Saturday, June 4, 2016. Traffic was at a standstill as police investigated the scene and three people were taken to the hospital.
Friends and family of Tyler and Richard Smith prepare to release a lantern in their memory at Mattawan High School in Mattawan, Mich., on Wednesday, April 27, 2016. Friends and family gathered to remember Tyler and Richard Smith on this day in particular to celebrate Tyler's 18th birthday and to dedicate a tree as a living memorial to the father and son who were killed in a mass shooting in Kalamazoo, Mich., on Feb. 20, 2016.
Parade-goers enjoy the 16th annual St. Patrick's Day parade in Kalamazoo, Mich., on Saturday, March 12, 2016. Nearly 50 organizations walked, drove and marched in the parade.
Lexi Akerson dances with a life-size cutout of her boyfriend Brandon Turner at Lawton High School's prom in Lawton, Mich., on Saturday, April 16, 2016. Turner has been serving in the U.S. Air Force for two of the three years he and Akerson have been dating. He is currently stationed in England, so Akerson brought the cutout to make sure he was part of the special night.
Bill Despins prays for the cyclists and Kalamazoo during the Peace-Pedal-Pray memorial bike ride in Kalamazoo, Mich., on Sunday, June 12, 2016. The ride honored the five cyclists killed and four injured in a hit-and-run crash on Tuesday, June 7, 2016. Hundreds participated in the seven-mile ride that rode part of the route the cyclists had taken that night.
New alumni walk across the stage one last time after Western Michigan University's spring commencement at Miller Auditorium in Kalamazoo, Mich., on Saturday, April 30, 2016. Over 2,600 students graduated in Western Michigan University's spring commencement ceremonies. In all, the university conferred 2,615 degrees: 2,004 at the bachelor's level, 571 at the master's level, one at the specialist level and 39 at the doctoral level.
Shaquille O'Neal waits behind the curtain before taking the stage to talk about wearable tech during South by Southwest in Austin, Texas, on Sunday, March 9, 2014. South by Southwest brings together film, interactive media and music in a 10-day festival that spans all of downtown Austin.
Jordan Carlson leaves the barn with his roommate's dog Paisley and his dog Parker after a long day of work on the family farm in Lawton, Mich., on Friday, April 15, 2016. Along with his father Norm and hired hand Kyle Mcendarfer, Carlson takes care of hens, cattle, hogs and lambs seven days a week.
Mark Christian, co-owner of Galesburg Meat Company, moves a piece of meat while cleaning up after a fire at his business in Galesburg, Mich., on Thursday, June 23, 2016. A fire broke out at the meat company earlier that morning around 3:30 a.m., destroying the building and some of the meat. Christian has co-owned the family business for over 40 years and was too devastated to speak much about the fire.
Isaac Chalupa, 8, licks pie off his face after a pie-eating contest during South Haven's Blueberry Festival in South Haven, Mich., on Friday, Aug. 12, 2016. The festival featured various blueberry-flavored dishes from local businesses.