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The tomato RLK superfamily: phylogeny and functional predictions about the role of the LRRII-RLK subfamily in antiviral defense
Genomics and evolution
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play key roles during development and in responses to the environment. Despite the relevance of the RLK family and the completion of the tomato genome sequencing, the tomato RLK family has not yet been characterized, and a framework for functional predictions of the members of the family is lacking.
To generate a complete list of all the members of the tomato RLK family, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using the Arabidopsis family as a template. A total of 647 RLKs were identified in the tomato genome, which were organized into the same subfamily clades as Arabidopsis RLKs. Only eight of 58 RLK subfamilies exhibited specific expansion/reduction compared to their Arabidopsis counterparts. We also characterized the LRRII-RLK family by phylogeny, genomic analysis, expression profile and interaction with the virulence factor from begomoviruses, the nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). The LRRII subfamily members from tomato and Arabidopsis were highly conserved in both sequence and structure. Nevertheless, the majority of the orthologous pairs did not display similar conservation in the gene expression profile, indicating that these orthologs may have diverged in function after speciation. Based on the fact that members of the Arabidopsis LRRII subfamily (AtNIK1, AtNIK2 and AtNIK3) interact with the begomovirus nuclear shuttle protein (NSP), we examined whether the tomato orthologs of
The tomato RLK superfamily is made-up of 647 proteins that form a monophyletic tree with the Arabidopsis RLKs and is divided into 58 subfamilies. Few subfamilies have undergone expansion/reduction, and only six proteins were lineage-specific. Therefore, the tomato RLK family shares functional and structural conservation with Arabidopsis. For the LRRII-RLK members
Plant cells constantly react to multiple signals that come from the local environment, neighboring cells, or even from other organisms. Depending on the stimuli, plant cells may expand, divide, differentiate, synthesize compounds, prepare against pathogen infection, or induce necrosis
One of the largest groups of these receptors is the receptor-like kinase (RLK) superfamily, which contains over 600 members in Arabidopsis
Several distinct RLKs have been studied in the past decade, and a common theme that has emerged is that binding of a specific signal molecule to their extracellular domain is required to initiate a signal transduction cascade
Functional analysis of RLKs indicates that the majority of them are associated with plant development or defense response, but there are also RLKs involved in cell wall attachment (extensin, proline-rich extensin and lectin RLKs), plant-bacterial symbiotic interactions (LysM RLKs) and self-incompatibility (S-domain containing RLKs). Among all RLKs, those bearing a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains are overrepresented in the RLK superfamily, comprising over 38% of Arabidopsis RLKs, which are distributed into 15 subgroups (LRR I to LRR XV). The LRR domains in these receptors vary in number (from one to 25) and in the distribution pattern of the LRRs along the extracellular region. Examples of well-known LRR-RLKs include CLAVATA1, which controls the size of stem cells in the apical meristem by forming a heterodimer with CLAVATA2 and then interacting with CLAVATA3 through the extracellular domain
Most of the characterized RLKs are from model plants such as Arabidopsis and
Although tomato (
With the completion of the tomato genome sequencing along with the annotation of the encoded proteins
The tomato RLK superfamily
The identification of the RLK superfamily members in tomato was initially performed by a batch BLAST search against a tomato protein database (ITAG v2.3, available in solgenomics.net) using the kinase sequences of representative Arabidopsis RLKs as queries. This analysis retrieved 955 tomato proteins that seemed to be RLKs. All of these retrieved tomato proteins were submitted for annotation of their domain structure using SMART
Additional file 1
List of outgroup proteins. Summary of the names and accession numbers of proteins used as outgroups in the phylogenetic tree of Figure
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Additional file 2
RLK Phylogenetic tree of tomato and Arabidopsis. This is the same phylogenetic tree as presented in Figure
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Figure 1
The tomato RLK superfamily is composed of 647 proteins
The tomato RLK superfamily is composed of 647 proteins. Phylogenetic tree constructed by sequence alignment of kinase domain of Arabidopsis RLKs together with putative tomato RLKs. The alignment was carried out with CLUSTALW, and the phylogenetic tree reconstruction was made using FastTree. Almost all tomato RLKs (red branches) clustered with Arabidopsis RLKs (blue branches). Color ranges delimit the RLK subfamilies. LRR subfamilies (light green) are subdivided in 15 groups, and each group is identified in the tree with Roman numerals (I to XV).
The size of the tomato RLK superfamily (647 RLKs) was similar to that of the Arabidopsis RLK superfamily (623 RLKs). Furthermore, almost all tomato RLKs (631 RLKs) were clustered with at least one Arabidopsis RLK. Therefore, the tomato RLK superfamily was divided into the same 58 subfamilies as described previously for Arabidopsis
Figure 2
The number of members varies in some tomato and Arabidopsis RLK subfamilies.
The number of members varies in some tomato and Arabidopsis RLK subfamilies. The distribution profile of tomato and Arabidopsis RLKs in subfamilies (gray bar) and the estimated number of RLK in their common ancestral (black bar) are presented. Almost all RLK subfamilies described in Arabidopsis have representatives in tomato.
Although the RLK superfamilies of Arabidopsis and tomato share common features, a close inspection reveals some interesting differences between them. A comparison of membership size of each subfamily revealed some differences between the species. To infer the number of RLKs in their common ancestral and the occurrence of duplication/deletion events after the divergence of both species, we used a reconciliation method
Additional file 3
Expansion/reduction in Arabidopsis and tomato RLK subfamilies and functional inference. The membership size of RLK subfamilies in Arabidopsis (At) and tomato (Sl) is indicated . Values in bold and with asterisks indicate statistical significance by the test of equal or given proportions (α=0.05). Subfamilies with significantly large proportion of duplication (dup.) or deletion (del.) were considered to have specifically expanded or reduced respectively after the divergence of Arabidopsis and tomato species. Subfamilies that presented statistically large proportion of RLKs organized in tandem repeats (t.r.) and/or of RLKs functionally annotated in defense response (def.) category were considered to be defense-related (red arrows). Conversely, subfamilies with significantly large proportion of members annotated in developmental process (dev.) category were classified as development-related (blue arrows). Green arrow indicates the LRRII subfamily that presented large proportion in both functional categories. Legend: dup.: duplication events; del.: deletion events.
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Additional file 4
Analyses on expansion/reduction in Arabidopsis and tomato RLK subfamilies and on their functional inference. The table contains information from Additional file
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Further analyses were performed to predict function associated with expansion/reduction patterns. As RLKs are frequently associated to defense or developmental processes, we performed a search using the Gene Ontology (GO) terms
Motif prediction, genomic structure and phylogenetic analysis of the LRRII subfamily
Compelling evidence in the literature has revealed a fundamental role for members of the Arabidopsis LRRII-RLK subfamily as co-receptors for transducing developmental and defense signals
Figure 3
Phylogenetic and expression analysis of LRRII subfamily members
Phylogenetic and expression analysis of LRRII subfamily members. (A) Phylogenetic tree reconstructed by the maximum likelihood method (JTT+G+I, bootstrap replicates = 1000) of the LRRII subfamily. Members of this subfamily can be separated in three well-supported clades, referred to here as SERK, NIK and LRRIIc clades. Expression analysis of LRRII subfamily members in (B) tomato and (C) Arabidopsis in different plant tissues. The expression data of tomato and Arabidopsis members were obtained by qRT-PCR and from normalized data from the AtGenExpress database
Figure 4
Full-length sequence alignment of LRRII subfamily members of tomato and Arabidopsis demonstrate sequence and structure conservation
Full-length sequence alignment of LRRII subfamily members of tomato and Arabidopsis demonstrate sequence and structure conservation. Sequences of SERK, NIK and LRRIIc clades members are represented with blue, black and red letters, respectively. Yellow sites represent conserved sites in all sequences, and green sites represent conserved sites in each clade. Red sites represent the exon-exon junctions. Domain structures are indicated above the alignment. Roman numerals delimit the 11 subdomains of the kinase domain.
Figure 5
Genomic structure analysis of members of the LRRII subfamily of tomato and Arabidopsis
Genomic structure analysis of members of the LRRII subfamily of tomato and Arabidopsis. (A) Exons are shown as dark boxes and introns as grey lines. Green boxes represent fused exons. The number between parentheses represents the number of exons in each gene. Almost all genes contain 11 exons. (B) Boxplot illustrating the distribution of intron length among LRRII clades of Arabidopsis and tomato. The red line marks the average intron length. Note the large length of intronic regions in SERK genes compared with genes from other clades, and in tomato sequences compared with Arabidopsis sequences.
Expression analysis of LRRII subfamily genes in different tissues
We examined the expression profiles of LRRII-RLK genes in different tomato tissues, including leaf, stem, root, flower, cotyledon and hypocotyl, by real-time PCR. The results are presented in Figure
Figure 6
Expression analyses of tomato members of the LRRII subfamily in various plant organs by qRT-PCR
Expression analyses of tomato members of the LRRII subfamily in various plant organs by qRT-PCR. Expression of each gene was quantified using
The expression data for LRRII subfamily members from Arabidopsis (Figure
Interactions between representatives of the LRRII subfamily and NSP of ToYSV
We have previously shown that NSP from begomovirus interacts with members of the LRRII-RLK subfamily, such as AtNIK1, AtNIK2 and AtNIK3, to suppress host defense, and it interacts with a member of the PERK-like RLK subfamily, NSP-ASSOCIATED KINASE (NsAK), to potentiate virus infection
Figure 7
Tomato members of the LRRII and PERK subfamilies interact with NSP of ToYSV
Tomato members of the LRRII and PERK subfamilies interact with NSP of ToYSV. Yeast two-hybrid assay using the kinase domain of LRRII and PERK subfamily members of tomato as bait and the NSP of ToYSV as prey. All co-transformed yeast strains were grown on synthetic defined (SD) medium lacking leucine and tryptophan (SD-leu, -trp), indicating the presence of both plasmids constructs in their cells. Yeast growth on SD medium lacking leucine, tryptophan and histidine (SD -leu, -trp, -his) indicates an interaction between the bait and prey constructs. This was observed in the yeast strains co-expressing NSP and SlNIK1, SlNIK2, SlNIK3, SlBAK1 or SlNsAK. No interaction between NSP and SlEFR was observed. All negative controls using empty vector failed to grow on SD -leu, -trp, -his, indicating the absence of transactivation.
The structure of the tomato RLK superfamily and the proposed evolution of RLK superfamily in plants
To date, the phylogenetic and structural characterization of the RLK superfamily has been limited to the following plant species: moss, rice, poplar, soybean and Arabidopsis
Additional file 5
List of Arabidopsis and tomato RLKs and their respective RLK subfamilies. Summary of all RLK IDs presented in the tree of Additional file
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Figure 8
Cladogram of plants whose RLK superfamily has been characterized
Cladogram of plants whose RLK superfamily has been characterized. The RLK superfamily size ranges from 329 (moss) to 1192 (poplar) members. The RLK superfamily expanded after divergence between the Bryophyta and Angiosperm lineages and independently expanded in the plants of the Angiosperm lineage. Dramatic expansions were observed in rice and poplar.
Evolutionary analyses of the RLK superfamily has suggested that the RLK structure was established prior to the divergence of land plants from algae because proteins with RLK configurations were discovered in the unicellular algae
The phylogenetic tree of the members of the RLK superfamilies in tomato and Arabidopsis revealed that most of the RLK subfamilies have maintained approximately the same number of RLK members between these species. Exceptions were observed for the DUF26, L-LEC, LRK10L2, SD1, SD2b, WAK, LRRIa, LRRXII, LRRXIIb, RLCKXII/XIII subfamilies, in which specific and extensive expansion was observed in one of the two plant species, as well as for the LysMII, LRRIa and RLCKXII, in which specific reduction was observed (Additional file
Specific expansion of tomato RLKs compared to Arabidopsis occurred in the LRK10L2, LRRXII, SD1 and SD2b subfamilies. Interestingly, all of those RLK subfamilies, except for SD1, were also overrepresented in rice when compared with Arabidopsis
Another relevant distinction between tomato and Arabidopsis RLK subfamilies derives from the diversification of the extracellular domain patterns of the LRK10L2 subfamily representatives. Arabidopsis members of the LRK10L2 subfamily have unique domain structures, such as GDPD, thaumatin and malectin domains, while the tomato members do not possess any characterized domain structure in their extracellular region. Likewise, these domain structures have not been found in rice, poplar or moss RLKs, indicating that within the RLK superfamily they are specific to Arabidopsis. We also identified a tomato-specific RLK that possesses an amino oxidase domain in its extracellular region. These RLKs may respond to molecular signals not perceived by other plants. Although gaining a novel protein structure could increase the repertoire of signals perceived by plants, the small number of lineage-specific RLKs in tomato, as was also reported in rice and poplar, further substantiates the hypothesis that the expansion of existing RLK kinase subfamilies is the major mechanism of evolution of these proteins.
The members of the RLK superfamily are involved in diverse biological processes at all steps of plant development. Thus, the gain or loss of a RLK gene could have serious repercussions on plant phenotype. The specific profiles of the RLK superfamily found in tomato and Arabidopsis are certainly responsible for several differences between these plants, such as morphology, reproduction and, importantly, responsiveness to different stress conditions. Among tomato and Arabidopsis, few RLK subfamilies have undergone specific expansion or reduction after their speciation. This scarcity may indicate that variation in RLK superfamily profiles in both plants appeared recently. The domestication process that tomatoes underwent could have been a significant factor contributing to this variation because some RLKs have been directly linked to traits targeted by artificial selection, such as disease resistance and growth. Nevertheless, most of the specific expansions of RLK subfamilies observed in Arabidopsis were also associated with defense response and had occurred at similar rates (287 and 259 duplication events in Arabidopsis and tomato, respectively). These data suggest that, independently of artificial selection, Arabidopsis had also expanded and developed a specific machinery against abiotic or biotic stress response, which argues against the assumption that artificial selection leads to resistant genes accumulation. To further examine the influence of artificial selection on the repertoire of plant RLKs, new genetic resources for closely related wild plants are necessary.
Functional expression analysis of the LRR II subfamily members in tomato and Arabidopsis
The LRRII subfamily contains RLKs with dual functions in development and defense response
Although LRRII members have well-conserved amino acid sequences among various species
Additional file 6
Sequence identity between members of LRRII-RLK subfamily of tomato and Arabidopsis. (A) Full-length amino acid sequences, (B) intracellular and (C) extracellular regions of LRRII subfamily members were aligned using CLUSTALW. Thick lines delimit the sequence comparison between members of the same clade (NIK, SERK, LRRIIc). Blue cells indicate high sequence identity, whereas red cells denote low sequence identity.
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Conservation of geminivirus interactions with members of the RLK family in tomato
Although most of LRRII subfamily orthologous pairs exhibited functional divergence, we showed that the tomato orthologs of the LRRII-RLKs members NIK1, NIK2 and NIK3 retain the capacity to interact with geminivirus NSP in yeast (Figure
In contrast to NIK receptors, which are inhibited by NSP interaction, AtNsAK, a member of PERK subfamily, interacts with NSP and phosphorylates the viral protein
The RLK superfamily is a large and diverse group of transmembrane receptors that enables plants to perceive a diverse array of signals at the cell surface, creating an efficient mechanism for cell-environment communication. In this investigation, we generated a complete list of the members of the tomato RLK superfamily, which is made-up of 647 proteins. The tomato RLK sequences exhibited a typical receptor-like kinase configuration and almost all of them were phylogenetically clustered with at least one member of the Arabidopsis RLK superfamily. Therefore, the tomato RLK superfamily is similarly organized, with the same number and identity of subfamilies as previously defined for Arabidopsis RLKs. Among the 58 RLK subfamilies, twelve showed specific and extensive expansion or reduction in the number of their RLK members, which may be a reflection of lineage-specific responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The intense breeding programs tomatoes have been subjected to may also have contributed to the establishment of the current RLK superfamily profile in this species. This comprehensive analysis comparing the complete repertory of Arabidopsis and tomato RLKs may provide a framework to rationalize future functional studies of the members of this family.
Phylogenetic and structural analyses of LRRII subfamily members from both tomato and Arabidopsis reveal a well-conserved group both in terms of sequence and protein domain organization. As a consequence, the tomato LRRII-RLK subfamily is organized into the same three with phylogenetically supported clades, SERK, NIK and LRRIIc clusters. Nevertheless, a comparison of the expression between orthologous genes of this subfamily demonstrated that the majority of the orthologous pairs did not share a similar expression profile, indicating that these orthologous LRRII-RLKs may have undergone functional divergence. This finding is supported by the observation that, in contrast to the Arabidopsis AtBAK1, SlBAK1 interacts with the geminivirus NSP and is highly expressed in leaves and the cotyledon. This pattern of SlBAK1 expression is consistent with the pattern of infection by tomato-infecting begomoviruses, which infect leaf tissues and move through the phloem but do not invade roots. Additionally, as immune receptors, the orthologous pairs NIK1 and NIK3 displayed both the capacity to interact with the begomovirus virulence factor NSP and expression profiles that parallel the onset of begomovirus infection. Evidence for functional conservation between NIK1 orthologs has been previously provided with the demonstration that NIK1 from Arabidopsis is capable of protecting tomato plants against tomato-infecting begomovirus
Identification and classification of tomato RLKs
Tomato RLK proteins were retrieved through a batch BLAST analysis (blastp, e-value cutoff = 0.01)
Inference on duplication/deletion events, identification of RLKs in tandem repeats and functional categorization of RLKs subfamilies
Number of members in the common ancestral of Arabidopsis and tomato and the occurrence of gene duplication and deletion were inferred by reconciliation methods implemented in Notung (v.2.6)
Statistical test for expansion/reduction analysis and functional categorization of RLK subfamilies
To statistically verify if (i) RLK subfamilies have differentially expanded or reduced in their size, (ii) tandem duplications or (iii) a functional annotation (defense or development) are more often in a specific RLK subfamily, we used the test of equal or given proportions
Motif prediction, genomic structure and phylogenetic analysis of the LRRII subfamily
Full-length amino acid sequences of members of the LRRII subfamily from tomato and Arabidopsis were aligned using ClustalW (v. 2.0.12)
Protein-protein interaction assays
The analysis of protein-protein interactions between viral NSP and the kinase domain of tomato RLKs was performed using the Proquest Yeast Two-Hybrid system with Gateway Technology (Invitrogen Inc.). The tomato RLKs that presented the highest identity with AtNIK1 (At5g16000), AtNIK2 (At3g25560), AtNIK3 (At1g60800), AtBAK1 (At4g33430) and AtNsAK (At5g24550) were selected for the assay. These tomato proteins are referred to as SlNIK1 (Solyc02g089550), SlNIK2 (Solyc04g005910), SlNIK3 (Solyc04g039730), SlBAK1 (Solyc10g047140) and SlNsAK (Solyc12g007110). As a negative control, we used the kinase domain of the tomato RLK that displayed the highest identity with AtEFR (At5g20480), referred to as SlEFR (Solyc03g019980).
The NSP coding region was amplified from ToYSV (Tomato Yellow Spot Virus-Geminiviridae,
Additional file 7
List of primers used for yeast two-hybrid assay and for expression analysis by real-time PCR analysis. Summary of all primers used for gene cloning and real-time PCR experiments.
Click here for file
For amplification of the C-terminal kinase domain of the tomato RLKs, we prepared cDNA from cotyledons of wild-type tomato plants (var. Santa Clara). Briefly, total RNA from tomato cotyledons was isolated using an RNeasy Kit (Qiagen Inc.). First-strand cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA using the M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen Inc.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Primers used in the amplification step were designed with recombination sites for further cloning procedures using the Gateway System (Invitrogen Inc.). The primers used are listed in Additional file
Competent cells of yeast strain AH109 (Clontech Inc., genotype:
Expression analysis of the LRRII subfamily genes
The expression patterns of genes in the LRRII subfamily were assayed by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) in various tomato tissues. Wild-type tomato plants (var. Santa Clara) were cultivated in a greenhouse for 45 days after germination. Leafs, stems, roots and flowers from three plants were collected separately. We also cultivated plants in half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2 MS, Sigma-Aldrich Co.) for 10 days after germination under normal conditions to collect cotyledons and hypocotyls tissue. For these tissues, due to the small amount of material, each sample represented a pool of three young plants. Total RNA from each sample was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen Inc.), and the quality and integrity of extracted RNA were monitored by spectrophotometry and electrophoresis. For cDNA synthesis, 3 μg of total RNA from each sample was first treated with RNase-free DNAse I (Promega Inc.) and then reverse-transcribed using M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen Inc.) and oligo-dT primers. qRT-PCR assays were performed using an ABI7500
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
The project was coordinated by EPBF. OJBB and TS performed the bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses. AAS, MD and TS were involved in the gene expression assays. MD and TS carried out the yeast two-hybrid assays. FFS designed and performed the statistical analysis. EPBF, MD and TS prepared the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We acknowledge the FAPEMIG, FINEP and CNPq for financial support and the teams of the Sol Genomics Network, TAIR and AtGenExpress for publicly providing the genome, proteome and expression data for tomato and Arabidopsis.
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- Quadriennial
- Quadriennial \Quad`ri*en"ni*al\, a. Same as {Quadrennial}. [1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
quadriennial — |kwädrə|enēəl adjective Etymology: Latin quadriennium + English al : quadrennial * * * quadriennially, adv. /kwod ree en ee euhl/, adj. quadrennial. * * * quadriennial, etc adjective see ↑quadrennium … Useful english dictionary
quadriennial — quadriennially, adv. /kwod ree en ee euhl/, adj. quadrennial. * * * … Universalium
quadriennial — quad·ri·en·ni·al … English syllables
Paternoster — This article is about the lift. For other meanings see Pater Noster (disambiguation). A paternoster in Prague A paternoster or paternoster lift is a p … Wikipedia
United States under-23 men's national soccer team — The United States U 23 men s national soccer team, also known as the United States men s Olympic team, is a youth soccer team operated under the auspices of the United States Soccer Federation. Its primary role is qualification into and… … Wikipedia
quadrennial — quadrennially, adv. /kwo dren ee euhl/, adj. 1. occurring every four years: a quadrennial festival. 2. of or lasting for four years: a quadrennial period. n. 3. an event occurring every four years, as an anniversary or its celebration. [1640 50;… … Universalium
quadrennial — (adj.) 1650s, lasting four years; as happening every four years, 1701; from QUADRI (Cf. quadri ) + ending from BIENNIAL (Cf. biennial), etc. Correct formation would be *quadriennial Related: Quadrennially … Etymology dictionary
quadrennial — /kwɒdˈrɛniəl/ (say kwod reneeuhl) adjective 1. occurring every four years. 2. of or for four years. {earlier quadriennial, from Latin quadrienni(s) + al1} –quadrennially, adverb … Australian English dictionary

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From the Klausen Pass to the Stäuben Falls in the Schächen Valley
Klausen Pass - Chammli - Äsch - Ribi - Unterschächen
Route Details | Details about this tour | Ratings for this Tour (2) | Tours in the Vicinity
From the Klausen Pass to the Stäuben Falls in the Schächen Valley
Klausen Pass - Chammli - Äsch - Ribi - Unterschächen
Even though the Klausen Pass is not a high pass (1948m) it receives so much snow in winter that the pass road is usually closed by November and reopens only late in May. The winding roads on both sides are motorcycle heaven (as are most of the Swiss Pass Roads) and the Pass itself is the starting point for several very nice hikes, including the popular Schächental high trail on the road side of the Schächen Valley.
Less well-known are the hiking trails on the opposite side of the valley, from which you can walk down into the Schächen Valley or all the way back into the Brunni Valley, always with fantastic views of the Klausen Road high across the valley, or to the Uri Alps in the Reuss Valley to the West. There are also some fantastic cliff formations here.
Only 1 hour and 20 minutes from the Pass is the Oberalp Cable car, one of the older open cargo cable cars converted into a passenger car. It descends to the valley near the magnificent Stäuben Falls. From Äsch (a collection of chalets near the falls) to Unterschächen is an additional leisurely hour to walk.
The ride saves a potentially steep downhill walk, although this walk is well worth it as you follow the stream that feeds the Stäuben Falls, and pass below the magnificent cliffs that you have seen from above. The view down the entire Schächen Valley as you reach the bottom of the descent is also one that should not be missed.
To recap: The hike takes 2 hours and 30 minutes if you take the cable car from Oberalp into the valley, or 3 hours 30 minutes if you walk down into the valley from Oberalp.
Quick-Links about this Tour


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Patient Satisfaction
National Survey
According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services, Parkway Health and Rehab has an overall quality rating of This rating is influenced by the facility's health inspection results (1.0 out of 5), quality measure data (5.0 out of 5) and staffing levels (3.0 out of 5). Visit medicare.gov for more information.
The patient satisfaction is a measure of the extent to which a patient content with the health care which they received from their health care provider.
Have you been to Parkway Health and Rehab before? Be the first to review!
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Facility Information
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- Breakdown for facility beds
- 97 Total Beds
- 84% Occupied
- 81 residents
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Just over a month ago at a small track meet in Toronto, Justyn Warner blew away the field in the 60 metres in a sizzling time that suddenly vaulted him to fourth fastest in the world this season.
While the accomplishment might have been largely overlooked at home, it was exactly the boost the Toronto sprinter needed heading into the world indoor championships this weekend in Istanbul.
Warner's time of 6.59 seconds opened doors to some major international indoor meets, and the 24-year-old spent the next couple of weeks competing in the United States, France and Belgium.
"That meet wasn't anything big, I was way ahead of the field, but that's what I needed to get into those races with better competition," Warner said. "That's what it did for me."
Warner will race the 60-metre heats Friday as part of the small Canadian contingent competing in Turkey that includes Dylan Armstrong. The Kamloops native, ranked No. 1 in the world last year, is the favourite in men's shot put.
Warner's fiancée, Nikkita Holder, will race the 60-metre hurdles.
"It will be nice, it will be the two of us trying to get on the podium," Warner said.
Michael Leblanc of Riverview, N.B., will join Warner in the 60.
Warner now has the 12th-fastest time in an event that's expected to turn into another Jamaica-U.S. duel. Lerone Clarke of Jamaica has been on a roll coming into Istanbul, boasting the world's fastest time until Trell Kimmons ran 6.45 seconds to top his time by two-hundredths of a second.
Armstrong will be out for revenge when he battles David Storl, the German shot putter who beat him at the world outdoor championships last summer, and Olympic champion Tomasz Majewski of Poland. The U.S. has two strong entries in Reese Hoffa and Ryan Whiting.
The shot put qualifying round and final are both Friday.
Warner's performances overseas weren't as speedy as his breakthrough race at York University, but the sprinter said he learned some big lessons ahead of Istanbul and the 2012 London Olympics.
"I didn't adapt well to travelling," Warner said. "It's easy running at home, you're in your own environment, we train at York every single day, so you're just comfortable with it.
"Going away, you've got to sleep a lot, rest a lot, drink a lot, and those are things that I didn't do and I kind of struggled with. Luckily it was my first time doing that, so I needed that experience to learn from it."
There's just under $2.5-million (all currency U.S.) in prize money up for grabs over the next three days with winners pocketing $40,000, and prize money going all the way down to sixth place ($4,000). There's a $50,00 bonus for setting a world indoor record.
Sally Pearson will make a run at the four-year-old world indoor hurdles record of 7.68, held by Susanna Kallur of Sweden. The Australian is the runaway in a hurdles field that is missing top Canadians Priscilla Lopes-Schliep and Perdita Felicien. Lopes-Schliep, No. 1 in the world in the summer of 2010, is rebounding from having a baby last fall.
Pearson is the reigning world outdoor champion, and should be the Canadians' stiffest challenge at the London Olympics.Report Typo/Error
Follow us on Twitter: @Globe_Sports


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Marcia Santore
October 10, 2000
PLYMOUTH, N.H. —Plymouth State College will host "Reviewing, Selecting, and Implementing Standards-Based Science Programs" on November 4 and 18. Teams of teachers and administrators from elementary, middle, and secondary schools will attend the two-day conference to review and discuss standards-based science programs. Standards recommended by the National Research Council (NRC) in 1996 include unifying concepts and processes in science, science as inquiry, physical science, life science, earth and space science, science and technology, science in personal and social perspective, and the history and nature of science.
"Teachers and students need to be made aware of all the new programs available in science," explains Dr. Richard Evans, director of the NH-IMPACT Center. "We will look at about eight of the 18 programs to address questions like how does one go about selecting a program that will make a good fit with their school and teachers? Every team that comes will be given a copy of Selecting Instructional Materials: A Guide for K-12 Science. What kind of professional development is needed if a program is adopted? Adequate professional development is key to successfully implementing these programs. How much will it cost to adopt one of these programs? Many of these programs require replenishing curriculum kits, since they involve an inquiry approach."
The conference is sponsored by the NH-IMPACT Center at Plymouth State College, which works with local school districts seeking to improve science and mathematics education. Other sponsors include the Eisenhower Regional Alliance for Mathematics and Science Education Reform, the Center for Enhancement for Science and Mathematics at Northeastern University, and the New Hampshire State Department of Education.
For more information and/or an application, contact Dr. Fernand Prevost, NH-Impact Center at PSC at firstname.lastname@example.com or (603) 535-2985.


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Great. You're prepared to set in train mercantilism on Ebay. But what should your pipe bid be?
Let's chew over for a sec. Good belongings come about when we appropriate a microscopic to preclude and surmise. If you're commerce an item for at or in the vicinity its retail price, you are almost unthinkingly done for. Unless you're handling with the hottest new toy or physics that simply can't be saved in stores, you involve to have a price that's active to attract buyers. If you're the just person who has their safekeeping on several new gambling scheme or the up-to-the-minute toy that all tike has to have, go at it and fee whatsoever you poverty. But those opportunities are few and far concerning.
In average situation you have to call back that it's an auction. You want to bring forth pleasure. A last protrusive bid turns populace off and discourages bidders. You should see starting next to an attractive price. The perception is to gaining control people's awareness and to get them to bid. In the thick of all the excitement and the bidding, populace are liable to bid up the fee. Play circa beside this and research project. I funny that you will see (as I have) that when you enter a new phase with a demean rate you commonly end up near a greater fee in the end (as compared to when you initiation beside a highly developed terms initially).Post ads:
Cole's SA20 20 Pound Safflower Seed / Ultra Paws TrAction Dog Boots - Large / Ethical 5706 Skinneeez Giraffe Stuffing-Less Dog Toy, / Precision Pet Soft Side Play Yard, Navy/Tan, Large / Canidae Dry Dog Food, Chicken Meal and Rice Formula, / Quick Fit Dog Muzzle - Size 0 / FiproGuard 3-Month Cats Ovr 8Wks Purple / Innotek Lap Dog Trainer / Super Pet Critter Trail Triple Play 3 in One Habitat for / Tetra Whisper Power Filter 30, 30-Gallon / Hill's Science Diet Mature Adult Small Bites Dry Dog Food, / Multipet's Look Who's Talking Plush Duck 5-Inch Dog Toy / H2O Animal Hydration Aqua Buddy 2-Quart Homelife Series / Vet's Best Comfort Calm, 30 Chewable Tablets / Fluval EDGE Gravel Cleaner, 15-inch Intake Tube / Ruff Dawg Stick Dog Toy, Assorted Colors / Otomite Plus Ear Mite Treatment (14.7 mL)
It's stringy to wound the slug on this because it feels scarey. So try it in modest quantities. If you have more than than one of an item, supply one this period of time and instigate near a superior bid (what you were rational of at first). Next week, market the the same component and initiation out next to an first charge that's 25% to 50% degrade than wherever you agape your first listing.
Setting your opening bid right is singular part of the pack of the equation to devising the best silver as a hawker on Ebay. Continue reading and educating yourself in the order of how to brand ready money on Ebay.Post ads:
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Author has written 2 stories for Harry Potter, and Labyrinth.
Hi! I'm Maria Dolores. I'm half hispanic and half white, i know hard to believe. I'm a Color Guard girl, I'm in Thearte, and I'm in my schools lit mag. I live in texas, and yes it does snow in some parts, just not where i live now. no we are not all hick, and yes we do say "ya'll" if you catch me saying that in the story.. i'm sorry, and i'm sure you'll get over it.
couples i suport:
Hermione/ Sirius... i don't know why i suport this, i just do
i don't suport:
any kind of slashes, i will read, but i don't suport them
basically all others i can deal with.


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|Thread Tools
DS' skin continues to be an issue with cloth - his skin is so reactive, any wetness bothers it. Unless he's in suedecloth - then there's no issue.
I'm going to be overhauling the stash and putting away most of the fleece pockets. I've bought a few BGs and I have some Flips.
What other diapers have suedecloth inners? It's not nearly as popular as fleece. Drybees, I think. Any other suggestions - something a little more interesting than BGs?
Not suede cloth, but swaddlebees econappi is lined with organic cotton velour, which I think wicks moisture better than fleece, and doesn't get nappy in the wash. I'm not a fan of fleece and wish I would have gotten more SB ecos and BGs instead of fuzzibunz.
Interested to see what other options are out there as well . . . .
L, student nurse and married to A, my union man. Happy parents to little S!
The two we have in addition to BG are Smartipants and Kawaii (which are very similar to BG, only sized even bigger).
Both are very inexpensive compared to their competitors which is also nice plus!
I actually have the opposite problem and prefer fleece or natural fibers :)
WAHM pocketdiapers on Etsy have suedecloth a lot of times.
I have beebersbutts.
Rocky Mountain diapers also have seudecloth
Amy - mama to dd 2/2007 and ds who arrived 2/2010 my VBAC
Comfy Cozy Diapers
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Thank you all for those suggestions. I will check them out!
Just wanted to add that a friend of mine got her stash from a friend who found some suedecloth type of fabric at a fabric store and cut liners. Her little guy was also really sensitive to moisture and they exclusively used cotton prefolds. She loaned me a bunch of them, they were cut and serged to keep the edges from rolling. Washed very well. Allowed her to use any kind of diaper with her homemade liners rather than investing in a whole new stash.
Good idea - I wonder if they would work laid on top of existing fleece pockets. I did cut up a couple of failed BG 1.0s and use the inner lining in my few fitteds; I wonder if I could do that more often...
Cotton Babies sells a suedecloth "sock". It's the same material as their pockets & sized AIO. You could stuff something inside, lay it on top of what ever isn't suede cloth or even cut it open if you wanted it to cover more area.
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- Take the Leukemia Quiz!
- Cancer Prevention Slideshow
- Cancer Symptoms Women Ignore
- Leukemia FAQs
- Patient Comments: Leukemia - Symptoms
- Patient Comments: Leukemia - Treatments
- Patient Comments: Leukemia - Types
- Find a local Oncologist in your town
- Leukemia facts
- What is leukemia? What are the different types of leukemia?
- What causes leukemia? Is leukemia hereditary?
- What are leukemia risk factors?
- What are leukemia symptoms and signs?
- How do physicians diagnose leukemia?
- What is the treatment for leukemia?
- What are complications of leukemia?
- What is the prognosis of leukemia?
- How often does leukemia recur?
- Is it possible to prevent leukemia?
- What support groups are available for people with leukemia?
- What research is being done on leukemia?
What causes leukemia? Is leukemia hereditary?
The exact cause of leukemia is not known, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Leukemia cells have acquired mutations in their DNA that cause them to grow abnormally and lose functions of typical white blood cells. It is not clear what causes these mutations to occur. One type of change in the cells' DNA that is common in leukemias is known as a chromosome translocation. In this process, a portion of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome. One translocation seen in almost all cases of CML and in sometimes in other types of leukemia is an exchange of DNA between chromosomes 9 and 22, which leads to what is known as the Philadelphia chromosome. This creates an oncogene (cancer-promoting gene) known as BCR-ABL. This change in DNA is not inherited but occurs sometime in the life of the affected individual.
Most cases of leukemia are not believed to be hereditary, but certain genetic mutations and conditions can be passed along to offspring that increase the chances of developing leukemia. A condition known as Li-Fraumeni syndrome is characterized by an inherited mutation in a tumor suppressor gene known as TP53, and individuals with this condition have an increased risk of leukemia and other cancers. Other hereditary conditions that can increase the risk of developing leukemia include Down syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, ataxia telangiectasia, and Noonan syndrome.
What are leukemia risk factors?
Exposure to radiation is known to increase the risk of developing AML, CML, or ALL. Increases in leukemia were observed in people surviving atomic bombs. Radiation therapy for cancer can also increase the risk of leukemia. Exposure to certain chemicals, including benzene (used commonly in the chemical industry), increases the risk of leukemia. Cigarette smoking is known to increase the risk of developing AML.
Certain genetic disorders can increase the risk; Down syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and other medical conditions can increase the risk of developing leukemia. Blood disorders known as myelodysplastic syndromes confer an increased risk of developing AML. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a virus that causes a rare type of leukemia. Certain chemotherapy drugs for cancer can increase the risk for AML or ALL.
Having risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely get leukemia, and most people with risk factors will not develop the disease. Likewise, not everyone who develops leukemia has an identifiable risk factor.


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Five simple ingredients never tasted so good! This recipe combines fresh lemon juice with sugar to give it just enough citrus flavor without resulting in an overly-tart dessert.
The recipe uses fat-free buttermilk mixed with whole milk to get a creamy texture, without all the added fat. It has 130 calories per serving, including 3.6 grams of fat and 93 mg of calcium.
This frozen treat is kid-friendly, and the hardest part is waiting the hour for it to freeze!
Try this recipe: Lemon-Buttermilk Ice Cream


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My Little Artists Studio is all about the celebration of a child's drawing! With this in mind, why not incorporate this wonderful concept into a birthday party theme? A couple of months ago, I asked my 6 year-old Lucas and my 4 year-old Victoria to do a little charrette (ha!) about our baby Alex's second {Read More…}
Little Train Party – Alex Second Birthday
Sophia's Birthday Party
Sophia's Princess Birthday Party! The kids and parents had a blast at Sophia's Birthday party! Note the super cute "Thank you for coming" tag from our studio. I just love the color combination! Don't you? Party Favors: Party favors with Yummy Brazilian Honey Bread by Luci and Monica. Tatiane, Sophia's mom, is very detail oriented, so {Read More…}
Theaters' Christmas Gift
Set of Thank You notes that my 6 year-old gave to his teachers this Christmas. I hope they enjoed it! Illustration made with Lucas' drawings: Drawings by Lucas that I used to create the illustration:
Prestridge's Christmas Card.
Illustration made with Blakely's drawing: Blakely Drawing:
Victoria's Set of Notecards
…and here is the set of notecards made with Victoria's drawing. She will give them to her teachers as Christmas gift! We made a set of 8 notecards mixed-and-matched like this: 2 Thank You notes, 2 Thinking of You notecards, 2 Happy Birthday notecards and 2 blank notecards. I believed we covered almost all social {Read More…}


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Home > Product Categories > Pro-Audio > Mic Stands & Mic Mounts > Speaker Stands & Wall Mounts > FAPR-8
Item #: ATL-FAPR-8 MFG #: FAPR-8
List Price:$31.99Our Price:$25.99Quantity Pricing
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Model FAPR-8 plaster ring is used to mount Strategy Series 8" loudspeakers into ceilings andwalls for applications where an enclosure cannot be used, or where it is not desired.
Unit is constructed with the same internal mounting flange as FA97-8 and FA95-8 enclosures. It may be used to mount non-transformer equipped loudspeaker models into walls having a min. depth of 3-1/2" (SD72-replacement for discontinued model FA118) or 4" (FA138). The FAPR-8 will facilitate installation of transformer-equipped loudspeaker models into walls with a minimum depth of 6-1/2" (SD72 or FA138 measured from the front of the mounting surface to the rear of the inside mounting area).
Plaster ring is constructed of galvanized steel. It is equipped with four threaded inserts for loudspeaker installation and three stud receptacles for mounting Strategy Series grilles. The mounting mechanism is comprised of three rotating clamps(included). Cutout dimension 9-3/4".
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|Message view
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|Brian LeRoux...@brian.io>
|cutting our first official apache release
|Tue, 14 Aug 2012 16:55:58 GMT
I'd like for us to aim to cut an Apache Cordova release. The idea we're bouncing now is that our Apache releases are source only packages and we save the binary releases for downstream projects (like that phonegap thing you may have heard of). This should decouple release woe, aka coho, from the framework authoring concerns. Our next apache board report is dues Sept 5th --- and having a release ready to go for that date would be admirable but maybe too soon? (We have in the past tended to hold off until end of September for the next point release after our last sprint.) This would give us the final checkmarks to achieve TLP status which would be cool to do for our one year Apache incubation anniversary. =)
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Hemphill may refer to:
- Robert Hemphill, Baron of Low Delhi, Third Space Lord of the RMN around 1850 PD.
- Sonja Hemphill, Baroness of Low Delhi Fourth, Space Lord of the RMN around 1915 PD.
|This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.


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24 February 2017 13:00 to 14:30
Venue: The British Institue at Ankara, Tahran Caddesi 24, Kavaklıdere, Ankara
Lecture by Alan M. Greaves (University of Liverpool) and Yiğit Erbil (Hacettepe University)
Lecture Title: Carved in Stone - RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) for Heritage Conservation in Turkey
Rock reliefs are an important feature of many of the Anatolian civilisations that have defined the identity of modern Turkish state and are a dominant feature in the Turkish landscape. As well as forming a key part of the artistic legacy of the Hittites, rock reliefs were also created by Greek, Roman and Islamic period cultures. As rock carvings, they pose a specific cultural heritage protection problem, as unlike other antiquities and artefacts, they cannot be transferred to museums for safe keeping.
For the Carved in Stone project, the University of Liverpool will use the grant awarded by the Cultural Protection Fund to protect and record rock reliefs. They will use Reflective Transformation Imaging (RTI) to record rock reliefs at risk, and through community-based heritage education change attitudes to cultural heritage in local communities in Turkey.
RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) is a lightweight user-friendly technology that uses digital photographs to create highly detailed interactive digital images of artefacts and monuments. Our new project will train members of the Turkish heritage community in the technology and provide technical support to projects recording stone reliefs and inscriptions across Turkey. This event will provide a brief introduction to the technology, demonstrations of sample reliefs and inscriptions and examples of how it can be used for conservation, recording and more accurate reading and analysis of these important but vulnerable monuments.
Dr Alan M. Greaves is Senior Lecturer (Doçent) at the University of Liverpool. He has worked on excavations and surveys across Turkey for over 20 years and has written books on Miletos, Ionia and the pioneering British archaeologist John Garstang.
Dr. Yiğit H. Erbil has been working at the University of Hacettepe. He has worked on excavations at Panaztepe and Çeşme Bağlararası and since 2012, he has been running a survey project in Konya Beyşehir under his supervision.


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Zoning changes in Parkdale won't fix the bad bars already operating in the area, but residents heard at a recent community meeting that it is the only tool the city really has when trying to control bars.

The issue of controlling bars is a complex interaction between the city, Municipal Licensing and Standards and the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario, explained City Planner Dan Nicholson, adding the real tool the city has is to look at the zoning in an area.

"Zoning is a blunt tool, whatever rules we come up with apply to everyone," Nicholson said. "How will that fix the existing bars, those couple of bad apples... in the short term it won't do much. Zoning is much better at controlling the future."

In October 2012, City Council passed an interim control bylaw on Queen Street West in Parkdale, which put a moratorium on new bars and restaurants from opening in order to give the City planning staff time to complete the study of the area. It has been a hot button issue in the area and more than 70 residents attended a meeting on Feb. 13.

At the annual general meeting of the Parkdale Residents Association (PRA), a panel discussed the Queen Street Restaurant Study, the ongoing study of the number of bars, restaurants and similar-use establishments on Queen Street West between Dufferin Street and Roncesvalles Avenue. The study is meant to determine if additional zoning controls should be introduced to mitigate some of the impacts of the high concentration of restaurants and bars. That could mean limiting size, how many restaurants can be on a single block or controlling rear and side patios.

Residents currently have an opportunity to give planners input on what form the strip will take in the future and the panel was meant to help residents understand the issue and hear different points of view.

The new chair of the PRA, Andrew Emery, moderated the panel, and audience members were able to ask questions. Although how and why the interim control bylaw came about is still the subject of much debate in the community, Emery said the discussion that evening would focus in on the amendments being proposed as part of the study and not the bylaw that was already in place.

The panel was made up of three Parkdale residents with differing opinions on the way Queen Street should evolve: local business owner John Silva, Ric Amis who lives and works on Queen Street, and Aaron Hershoff a professional planner by trade.

Silva explained as a business owner and resident of the area he is opposed to the implementation of the ban as well as the sorts of restrictions that might come out of it.

"There is a problem with bars in our neighbourhood, but it is with a few bars and this doesn't address those few bars," Silva said. "What this does is stifle creative, energetic entrepreneurs that want to set up a business in this neighbourhood."

On the other side of the debate, Amis said he lives near Queen Street West and Elm Grove Avenue and the effects of the onset of bars on his block frustrate him and his neighbours so he supports putting controls in place.

Silva said the frustrations with existing bars should be being addressed by the AGCO which, he and others said, isn't currently happening.

Hershoff said he was on the panel as a sounding board for residents in terms of what they might like to see in the bylaw and to help them understand how best to communicate that with city planners.

"You can't regulate people's behaviour, but you can limit where they do it by limiting the number of seats, sizes and patios," Hershoff said. "Is zoning a blunt too? Probably, but it is the only tool the city has."

A final report to City Council by the Planning Department is expected in the June of 2013.

However, before that report comes out the moratorium will be the subject of a hearing at the Ontario Municipal Board (OMB). Gary Armstrong was not at the meeting, however the local businessman is challenging the interim control bylaw.

"I would like to get the ban dropped because I am opposed to it," said Armstrong, who owns and operates Gary Armstrong Woodwinds on Queen Street West. He has had his store near Queen and Sorauren for the past 10 years and he also lives in the area.

"I feel like the new bars coming into the neighbourhood are bringing an improved vibe into the neighbourhood," Armstrong said. "And what we really need to do is put controls on these old bars that are already around here that over-serve."

The OMB will hold a hearing on the appeal on Wed. April 24 at 10 a.m.


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Human Resources
From employment law to compensation and benefits, FMLA and hiring and firing and more, Business Management Daily provides comprehensive Human Resources updates.
Discover how your colleagues – and competitors – are dealing with discrimination and harassment, employment law, benefits programs, and more.
Such an agreement can be the kiss of death if it's anything like one recently reviewed by the 3rd Circuit Court of Appeals.
One of the first women to be promoted to captain in the Minneapolis Fire Department has filed suit claiming her former superior, also a captain, sexually harassed her.
Yogurt producer Chobani is now offering six weeks of paid parental leave to all of its employees.
Labor organizers claim they have named McDonald's Corp. as a defendant in a series of sexual harassment complaints.
Everyone wants to be happy at work, but it varies by an employee's job and field, among other factors.
After investigating a workplace incident but before making a final decision, consider hiring a neutral investigator to assess what really happened.
How you set up bonus programs can have a big impact on your overtime budget.
An employee could become so agitated that she develops an anxiety disorder that requires a reasonable accommodation—such as separating the harasser from her.
The Pennsylvania Superior Court has concluded that the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act may include an unpaid intern as a covered employee under the act.
A Syracuse roofing contractor faces fines of more than $96,000 following an OSHA worksite inspection in Camillus.


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SFIO has completed the investigation into SHCIL Services and has issued instructions to initiate prosecution against the company
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA) has asked the Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) to initiate action against SHCIL Services Ltd in respect of violation of various provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. SHCIL Services is the broking arm of Stock Holding Corporation of India Ltd (SHCIL). SHCIL, originally set up as a depository, has been embroiled in a serious scandal that was being investigated by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the SFIO.
Corporate affairs minister Salman Khurshid in a written reply to the Lok Sabha said that out of 22 cases, investigation reports in respect of two companies were submitted by SFIO. Necessary instructions for action in respect of violation of various provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, have been issued to SFIO, he added.
According to information available on the NIC server, SFIO has completed investigation of SHCIL Services and issued instructions to file prosecution against the company. The other company is Satyam Computer Services Ltd. The SFIO has submitted its report and issued instructions for filing prosecutions on pure company law violations against Satyam.
Between 2004 and 2009, the SFIO has filed prosecution proceedings in the matter of 32 companies against 632 accused, including individuals as well as companies.
SHCIL, the parent of SHCIL Services has been deeply mired in a controversy for its e-stamping project planned several years ago. Last November, the company announced a staggering cash dividend of 900%. According to informed sources, this entire dividend was the amount SHCIL earned by selling its 2% stake in the National Stock Exchange (NSE) for about Rs250 crore.
(Read more http://www.moneylife.in/article/4/2446.html)
The highways authority plans to open bids for projects worth Rs7,000 crore in the coming fortnight
In line with the National Highways Authority of India's (NHAI) 20-km per day road development plan, the authority plans to open bids for another three road projects in the coming fortnight.
According to sources, NHAI plans to open bidding for three road projects for a total value of Rs6,000crore -Rs7,000 crore. These projects are not expected to be State-specific projects. They will be ventures for converting four-lane highways into six-lane highways.
Over the past few months, NHAI has been very active in awarding various road projects. According to NHAI data, around 44 road projects have been awarded in the financial years 2008-09 and 2009-10. In order to meet its 20-km per day target, the highways development authority will have to actively open bids and award a huge number of projects.
Moneylife had earlier reported on the road transport and the highway ministry's plans to invite bids for road projects worth $20 billion to meet this ambitious road development target. At present, road development is progressing at the rate of around 10km per day.
A couple of the NHAI projects awarded in the last two months were the six-laning of the Tumkur-Chitradurga section in Karnataka to IRB Infrastructure and the four/two laning of 96.45km of the Rimuli-Roxy-Rajmunda Section of NH-215 in Orissa to MBL Infrastructure. IL&FS Transportation Networks was awarded a Rs25.19-billion order for four-laning of the Chennai to Nashri Section of NH-1A including a 9-km tunnel (two-lane) with a parallel escape tunnel in Jammu & Kashmir.
According to NHAI's work plan for 2010- 11, request for quotations (RFQs) for around 10 projects are likely to be invited in May. These projects are from Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Analysts said that trading sentiment remained firm as gold climbed in overseas markets on stronger demand for the alternative investment as currencies weakened and equities dropped
Gold prices today spurted by Rs495 to regain the Rs18,000 per 10gm level after five months on heavy buying driven by a rally in overseas markets, reports PTI.
Standard gold surged by Rs495 to Rs 18,110 per 10gm, a level last seen on 26 November 2009.
Silver also jumped Rs565 to Rs28,165 per kg on increased off-take by industrial units and coin-makers.
Analysts said that trading sentiment remained firm as gold climbed in overseas markets on stronger demand for the alternative investment as currencies weakened and equities dropped.
Gold in global markets, which normally set the price trend on the domestic front, recorded a handsome rally of $33.20 to $1,208.80 an ounce last evening.
Some funds shifting from melting equity to rising gold for quick gains and firming trend at futures trading further fuelled the uptrend, analysts said.
Standard gold and ornaments surged by Rs495 each to Rs18,110 per 10gm and Rs17,960 per 10gm respectively. Sovereign followed suit and rose by Rs100 to Rs14,250 per piece of 8gm.
In line with the general firming trend, silver ready spurted by Rs565 to Rs28,165 per kg. The weekly-based delivery shot up by Rs480 to Rs27,815 per kg.
Silver coins too traded higher by Rs100 to Rs34,000 for buying and Rs34,100 for selling of 100 pieces.


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Livestock is #1
Livestock is the #1 customer of Kansas corn. Corn is a key ingredient in livestock feed and as Kansas is a leading beef cattle feeding state, the crop is of major importance to the success of this industry.
"Back in the 1970s, high production corn farming took hold in western Kansas. That led to a massive expansion in cattle feeding in the state then came meat processors, pork feeders, dairies and ethanol plants. This expansion transformed the western Kansas economy," according to Kansas Corn Commissioner Steve Rome, Hugoton. "Corn and cattle remain the base for this success and is a formula that has worked to the benefit of not only Kansas farmers and ranchers but the Kansas economy."
US Meat Export Federation
Kansas Corn has been a member of the U.S. Meat Export Federation for more than 30 years and a member of USMEF's elite Million Dollar Club since 2005. As the first state corn checkoff to fund USMEF, the Kansas Corn Commission has worked closely with the group to boost meat exports. The commission has also funded special projects with USMEF, like the effort to introduce a U.S.-Kansas premium beef burger to select Hilton restaurants in Europe. Today, Creekstone Farms, Arkansas City, is selling beef to Hiltons across Europe. The state corn group also supports U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance through the National Corn Growers Association. Kansas corn checkoff dollars have funded livestock research projects as well, including studies to improve feeding efficiencies, DDGS research and recovery of phosphorus from CAFO wastewater, a Kansas Livestock Association/Kansas Environmental Services project
Learn more about the US Meat Export Federation by clicking here. The Kansas Corn Commission funds the USMEF's work to increase exports of red meat. Exporting corn-fed beef and pork represents millions of bushels of corn every year.


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Alternative solution to long-term healthcare concerns
Last month Health Minister Peter Dutton floated the idea of GP co-payment due to the rising number of long-term health conditions and expensive technologies that are setting Australia on an 'unsustainable path.'
These fears are also shared in Britain. The National Health System's Director of Long-Term Conditions, Dr Martin McShane is in Australia and he sees one solution to meeting the growing cost of the national health care: setting up a so called 'House of Care' as an alternative to hospitals where GPs would have an enhanced role.
Dr McShane joins RN Breakfast.
- British National Health System's Director of Long-Term Conditions
- Dr Martin McShane
- Producer
- James Bourne


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Rodeo Fun For EveryoneDestin Fishing Rodeo
Rodeo Events
Come join the fun….weigh-ins are FREE and open to the public everyday on the docks at AJ's Seafood & Oyster Bar from 10 am until 7 pm.
February 2017
Annual Rodeo Membership Meeting
Thursday, February 2nd, 5 pm
Members Only Event
The meeting is open to all members of the Rodeo. Dress is casual and hors d' oeuvres are free. AJ's Seafood and Oyster Bar. This is a Members Only event. You can signup for membership prior to the meeting.
March 2017
Miss Destin Application Deadline
Friday, March 10th
Destin resident high-school girls between the ages of 16 and 19 vie for the title of Miss Destin, which among other things, provides at least a $2,000 academic scholarship. Additional scholarship moneys will be awarded.
Preceding the actual pageant, there are several fun-filled social events planned so that the contestants and their parents can meet with pageant officials and judges. The girls will participate in a contestant's social, a boat cruise and an afternoon Judges Tea for the contestants and their parents to meet one another and the pageant officials.
All contestants must be high school students between the ages of 16 and 19 on the day of the contest, must have a 32541, 32540 or 32550 zip code, be single and never married, and must live within the boundaries of Destin Bridge, South shore of Choctawhatchee Bay, Eastern boundaries of Sandestin and the Gulf of Mexico.
Anyone interested in sponsoring scholarships, the pageant, or in entering the pageant, please contact Helen Donaldson at the Rodeo – 850.837.6734.
April 2017
Miss Destin Pageant
Saturday, April 10th
Rodeo Guide Ad and Awards Sponsors Deadline
Thursday, April 15th, 5 pm
Advertising space is now available for the 69th Annual Destin Fishing Rodeo Awards and Rulebook. This year, thirty-five-thousand copies of the popular book will be printed and distributed throughout the Southeastern United States, locally, and mailed to locations throughout the country.
The Rodeo awards over 200 prizes during the month of October. We are currently seeking awards sponsors for these prizes. Sponsors receive recognition in the Rodeo guide book and awards program as well as have their name engraved on the Rodeo Plaque awarded at the Awards Banquet. Available awards vary from daily prizes to Division sponsors. Sponsorship deadline is April 15th. Please contact Helen Donaldson at 850.837.6734 for more information.
Destin Fishing Rodeo Membership
Join Today
If you like to fish...join us.


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Twitter Link Facebook link
The Court of Appeal in London has ruled against the Government in a case brought by a victim of rendition and torture.
Pakistan has set an execution date of 7 August for Shafqat Hussain, who was convicted as a juvenile following days of police torture.
A crackdown by the Egyptian authorities is "crushing an entire generation" of young activists, says a new report from Amnesty International.
Aftab Bahadur was executed yesterday in Lahore, after the Pakistani authorities refused to allow his lawyers to secure key evidence of his innocence.
Religious leaders from the UK, US and Pakistan have called on the Pakistani authorities to halt the execution of a man convicted as a child, who witnesses have now testified is innocent.
Companies based in the EU are still marketing and trading in a range of security equipment which can be used to torture and ill-treat people, says a new report.
Abu Dhabi's highest court has commissioned a review of medical evidence in the case of an Indian migrant worker sentenced to death on the basis of a forced confession
A Pakistan court has stayed the execution of Shafqat Hussain, who was sentenced to death as a juvenile and was due to be executed today.
The Pakistani government has issued a so-called 'Black Warrant' for the execution of a man who was a juvenile when he was arrested and tortured into a 'confession'.
The Islamabad High Court has said it will hear the first significant legal challenge to the execution of a Pakistani who was convicted as a juvenile.
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1010 Pine Ridge Court, Ann Arbor 48103
See more homes for sale in Ann Arbor, MI
To be built. Pine Ridge Estates is Ann Arbor's newest luxury development of distinctive, custom-built homes by Main Street Homes. Located just minutes from downtown Ann Arbor on a private cul-de-sac surrounded by towering pines, Pine Ridge Estates offers affluent living in a serene country setting. There are 12 1-acre lots to choose from with walk-out and daylight options. These homes offer Ann Arbor schools and mailing address, and Scio Township taxes. Pine Ridge Estates are near a multitude of shopping and dining experiences and are near I-94 and M-14 for easy commuting. Price does not include a finished basement.
Property Information
- Total Finished SqFt
- 3,814
- Above Grade SqFt
- 3,814
- Garage
- 3.0
- Garage Desc.
- Attached
- Water
- Well
- Sewer
- Septic
- Year Built
- 2016
- Home Style
- 2 Story
- Association Fee
- $0
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 15 x 18 2nd Floor
- Bedroom2
- 12 x 12 2nd Floor
- Bedroom3
- 11 x 14 2nd Floor
- Bedroom4
- 11 x 13 2nd Floor
- Bedroom5
- 12 x 14 2nd Floor
- Breakfast
- 1st Floor
- Dining
- 18 x 18 1st Floor
- GreatRoom
- 19 x 18 1st Floor
- Kitchen
- 12 x 14 1st Floor
- Study
- Basement
- Daylight, Full
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Forced Air, Gas
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Microwave, Range/Oven, Refrigerator
- Fireplace Desc.
- One
- Interior Features
- Cath/Vault Ceiling, Master Bath, Spa Tub, Sump Pump
- Exterior Materials
- Brick, Fiber Cement Siding, Stone
Listing Video for 1010 Pine Ridge Court, Ann Arbor MI 48103
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Keller Williams Ann Arbor
Office Address 2144 S. State Street
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 1010 Pine Ridge Court, Ann Arbor MI 48103. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Ann Arbor, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Ann Arbor, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Ann Arbor, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Ann Arbor, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
Provided through Ann Arbor Association Board of Realtors. © 2017 Ann Arbor Associate Board of Realtors Ltd. shareholders.


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Page 3C
Give Tiger his due, then bet on Phil
Game On! By Reid Cherner and Tom Weir
Game On! bloggers Tom Weir and Reid Cherner are wearing one high-top sneaker and one shoe with soft spikes.
RC: In a Game On! poll Wednesday, only 12% of voters said without reservation that Woods would win the Masters.
To the other 88%, I say if you shoot the king, you better kill the king.
When you pull out the deed to Augusta National, I'd bet that Woods' signature has been inked right below "Jack Nicklaus" as owner of the property.
TW: You are living in the past. Tiger's last victory is getting to be as distant a memory as the last time we saw Dale Earnhardt Jr. in the winner's circle.
Augusta National's layout and abbreviated field give Tiger his best chance to win, but red-hot Phil Mickelson is the obvious choice this week.
TW: I pity the fool who lets the men's bad finale keep them from watching the women's championship game. Lots of points, great shooting and, although her team lost to Texas A&M, Notre Dame's charismatic Skylar Diggins emerged as the new face of women's basketball.
Thank goodness the women don't leave college early for the pros and that we'll have two more years to appreciate her.
RC: Count me among the few who enjoyed the men's final for the two teams laying down the "D."
But even I had to laugh when, in an ESPN interview, Texas A&M coach Gary Blair made fun of the 18.8% shooting by Butler. A nice twist of the knife.
As George Costanza once said, "A man without hand is not a man. I've got so much hand, I'm coming out of my gloves."
TW: The actions of a couple individuals should not shame the thousands who call themselves Los Angeles Dodgers fans. But police say as many as 100 fans may have seen these thugs, and those people need to line up and spill whatever they know, and do it now.
RC: The Dodgers have to be embarrassed and mortified that fans aren't safe coming to their ballpark. As for the hundreds who saw the Giants fan attacked and have not come forward, remove all your mirrors because shame has a long memory.
RC: For a guy who has been linked with every attractive woman in the world, the Dallas Cowboys quarterback seems to be having trouble with his bromances.
First it was Terrell Owens who said he wasn't getting enough love, and now tight end Martellus Bennett is sending valentines to backup Jon Kitna's inbox.
You can't argue with Bennett's logic that the QB competition should be open. But if I'm Romo, I need a little more commitment from one of the guys protecting my blind side.
TW: I'm all for Mr. Bennett exercising his First Amendment rights. And at the moment, it's wonderfully refreshing to see that at least one person in the NFL is more focused on competition than litigation and lockouts.
Click here for Game On! the video
Page 3C
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text: Home Recipes Winning Recipes Winning Dinner Recipes Share: Winning Dinner Recipes Looking for winning dinner recipes? Find winning dinner recipes including beef dinners, chicken dinners, and more winning dinner recipes. Recipe Spotlight Jim's Secret Family Recipe Ribs For more than 30 years, my brother-in-law Jim kept his famous rib recipe a secret, much to the chagrin of my husband, Dennis. When he finally came around to sharing it, we loved it so much we just had to pass it along. This one's for you, Jim! —Vicki Young, Brighton, Colorado Get Recipe More Winning Dinner Recipes Sort: Most Relevant Highest Rated Previous Page 1 2 3 ... 147 Next Page Traditional Lasagna Traditional Lasagna My family first tasted this rich, classic lasagna at a friend's home on Christmas Eve. We were so impressed that it became our own holiday tradition as well. I also prepare it other times of the year. It's requested often by my sister's Italian in-laws—I consider that the highest compliment! —Lorri Foockle, Granville, Illinois View Recipe Lil Cheddar Meat Loaves Lil Cheddar Meat Loaves I got this recipe from my aunt when I was a teen and have made these miniature loaves many times since. My husband and three children count this main dish among their favorites. —Kathy Bowron, Cocolalla, Idaho View Recipe Seafood Lasagna Seafood Lasagna This rich satisfying dish, adapted from a recipe given to me by a friend, is my husband's favorite. I usually serve it on his birthday. It's loaded with scallops, shrimp and crab in a creamy sauce. I consider this the "crown jewel" in my repertoire of recipes. —Elena Hansen, Ruidoso, New Mexico View Recipe Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT Bruschetta Chicken Bruschetta Chicken We enjoy serving this tasty chicken to both family and to company. It just might become your new favorite way to use up summer tomatoes and basil. —Carolin Cattoi-Demkiw, Lethbridge, Alberta View Recipe Taco Lasagna Taco Lasagna If you like foods with Southwestern flair, this just might become a new favorite. Loaded with cheese, meat and beans, the layered casserole comes together in a snap. There are never any leftovers when I take this dish to potlucks. —Terri Keena, Tuscaloosa, Alabama View Recipe Smothered Chicken Breasts Smothered Chicken Breasts After trying this delicious chicken dish in a restaurant, I decided to recreate it at home. Topped with bacon, caramelized onions and zippy shredded cheese, it comes together in no time with ingredients I usually have on hand. Plus, it cooks in one skillet, so it's a cinch to clean up! —Brenda Carpenter, Warrensburg, Missouri View Recipe Bacon-Cheese Topped Chicken Bacon-Cheese Topped Chicken Mushrooms, bacon strips and Monterey Jack cheese top these tender marinated chicken breasts that provide a flavorful dining experience with a just a little fuss. I get compliments whenever I serve them. They're one of my family's favorites. -Melanie Kennedy Battle Ground, Washington View Recipe Chicken Penne Casserole Chicken Penne Casserole This is my family's favorite casserole recipe. I make it every week or two and we never tire of it. I like that I can clean my kitchen and then relax while it bakes. It won't disappoint! —Carmen Vanosch, Vernon, British Columbia View Recipe Cheese-Stuffed Shells Cheese-Stuffed Shells When I was living in California, I tasted this rich cheesy pasta dish at a neighborhood Italian restaurant. I got the recipe and made a few changes to it in my own kitchen. I'm happy to share it with you. —Lori Mecca, Grants Pass, Oregon View Recipe Pork Chops with Apples and Stuffing Pork Chops with Apples and Stuffing The heartwarming taste of cinnamon and apples is the perfect accompaniment to these tender pork chops. This dish is always a winner with my family. Because it calls for only four ingredients, it's a main course I can serve with little preparation. —Joan Hamilton, Worcester, Massachusetts View Recipe Turkey Potpies Turkey Potpies With its golden brown crust and scrumptious filling, these comforting potpies will warm you down to your toes. Because it makes two, you can eat one now and freeze the other for later. They bake and cut beautifully. —Laurie Jensen, Cadillac, Michigan View Recipe Previous Page 1 2 3 ... 147 Next Page Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT Advertise with us ADVERTISEMENT


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by Richard Tomkins
Toulon, France (UPI) Jul 8, 2013
DCNS, the French shipbuilding and naval defense company, has inaugurated a facility in the country dedicated to meeting the military needs of Saudi Arabia.
Modernization and maintenance programs at the facility in Toulon will correspond to different service contracts DCNS now has with Saudi Arabia, including LEX, or life extension, which was initiated last year.
"The Saudi Arabia platform reflects the effective launch of this program by our teams," said Nathalie Smirnov, director of the DCNS Services division. "The execution of the first technical shutdown to start on the frigate Abha in Jeddah will represent a further step in addressing the challenges of this major contract."
The major naval shutdown Smirnov refers to vessel maintenance periods which can stretch over weeks or months depending on work to be done.
DCNS said its services -- design, preparation, purchasing, provisioning of replacement parts and equipment -- will be delivered partly in France. On-site work on Saudi Arabian vessels will be performed in the country by its subsidiary, Support KSA.
Contracts currently held by DCNS from Saudi Arabia are for the maintenance of four Madina-class frigates, two Boraida-class replenishment oilers, and maintenance of three Al Riyadh-class frigates.
Related Links
Naval Warfare in the 21st Century
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text:
Phil Giles Therapy
Committed to helping you
Website Designed
Create a Website
List Your Business
My name is Phil Giles and thank you for visiting my website. You've taken the first step towards finding the help and support you need whatever your particular presenting problem might be. I will do my very best to give you the personal, professional service you would expect from a therapist in a safe, non-judgmental and completely confidential environment.
I offer both short and long term therapy. Face-to-face for those clients who are able to attend in person or worldwide via
at a mutually convenient time, 7 days a week. I am fully qualified and a registered member of the British Association of Counselling & Psychotherapy, working within a prescribed ethical framework for your complete peace of mind.
My hourly rates are competitive with no hidden charges. You will receive a free introductory assessment either by
Skype Video
Skype Call
to find out whether therapy is the right option for you, after which, you will be able to make an appointment for your first 50-minute session. This can be conveniently and securely paid for via PayPal.
Please take the time to explore my site, which hopefully will answer any questions you may have about what to expect and what is expected of you during the therapeutic process. Alternatively, simply click the
Email Me
button, include your details and I will respond personally within 24 hours.
I very much look forward to helping you.


text:
CeBIT Open Source 2012: Call for Projects
CeBIT welcomes open source projects to Hannover, Germany! The show organization and Linux Magazine are calling for open source projects to apply for free exhibit space at CeBIT Open Source 2012. Open source projects are provided with the opportunity to present their work to the CeBIT audience, just like commercial exhibitors.
CeBIT, the world's largest IT trade show, will take place from March 6 to 10, 2012 in Hannover, Germany. CeBIT Open Source will be located in Hall 2, like in previous years.
Any open source project can apply. Non-commercial projects with possible software applications in the industry will get particularly high consideration. Of great interest are also projects connecting with the CeBIT keynote theme "Managing Trust".
The deadline for applications is Sunday, December 18, 2011. An international jury of open source experts will decide which projects get the free exhibit space.
If you'd like to apply with your project please use the application form. The winning projects will be announced there as well. The winning projects will also get space on Linux Magazine's website to present their work to the general public.
Issue 201/2017
Buy this issue as a PDF
GitHub Announces Open Source Friday Program
They encourage people to take time out and work on open source projects on Friday.
System76 Announces Their Own Distro, Pop!_OS
Pop!_OS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome stack.
Linus Torvalds Talks About His Motivation
He never tires of working on the Linux kernel.
Debian 9 Stretches Its Wings
The new release of Debian has a very strong focus on security.
Trojan Turns Raspberry Pi into a Cryptocurrency Mining Device
Two trojans in the wild are targeting Linux machines.
Fedora 26 Beta Comes with New Features
The workstation comes with the latest Gnome desktop environment and support for many application build systems.
Raspberry Pi Foundation Merges with CoderDojo Foundation
The two foundations join forces to expand their efforts to reach young people.
Samba Security Hole Patched but Risk is Bigger
Millions of devices that use Samba Server are vulnerable to attacks.
Red Hat Announces OpenShift.io
Red Hat takes its IDE online.
Microsoft Bakes Linux into Windows Server
Microsoft is slowly becoming a Linux vendor.


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Currently 4.00/512345 Rating: 4.0/5 (Total votes: 2)
Rating: 4.0/5 (Total votes: 2)
Do u know, how much did you pay for your car refills last month? Do you remember, how much you have paid for your car leasing? Can you figure out, how rapid is the Car Engine Oil price changing? You may also have many questions in your mind relating to how much are you investing to your car weekly, monthly or yearly? The answer to all of such Questions is CAR EXPENSE TRACKER.
This application is designed to track complete expenses of your cars. Record any type of expense and get your car?s monthly expenditure report in the graphical and summary formats.
The application facilitates you to define all of your vehicles. You can also specify your own expense types or can select from the available ones.
The expenses will be recorded against each of your cars. The expenses may include Fuel refills, Oil & Filter Change, Car Insurance, Tax Registration, Car Leasing or any other.
CAR EXPENSE TRACKER Features:
- Simple, easy-to-use and the user-friendly interface let you easily and quickly record your car expenses.
- Keep track of all of your cars information.
- Can define any number of Expense Types.
- Records all of your car?s timely expenses.
- Supports all currencies for recording expense.
- Can Edit/Delete/View previously recorded expense.
- Can view Summary and Graphical expense Reports.
- Can view timely expense Reports against all expense types or any of the expense type.
» show more