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CBS and ABC on Monday night celebrated the Academy Award for the documentary narrated by Al Gore and promoted the cause of those who hope he uses it as a "springboard" for a presidential run. For her lead, CBS Evening News anchor Katie Couric paired how the "Oscar win puts Al Gore's global warming message on center stage" with how "environmentalism may be reaching critical mass" as evidenced by how "the largest private equity buyout in corporate history" -- of the TXU utility -- shows that the "Wall Street mantra of 'greed is good' has been replaced by 'green is good.'" Gloria Borger Borger soon trumpeted how Gore is playing his Oscar "for all it's worth because now he's not just another defeated presidential candidate. He's an Oscar-winning environmental evangelist" and, she oozed, "on stage last night...Gore was on top of the world. Not only has he spread the word about global warming, he's helped change the political climate, too."
ABC put "Gore's Moment" up on the screen graphic before reporter Bill Weir touted how "a bigger, looser Al Gore now roams red carpets in Ralph Lauren, gives Grammys to Red Hot Chili Peppers and has Oscar credibility" -- as if a bunch of Hollywood liberals awarding a liberal movie starring a liberal politician somehow gives that politician any more credibility.
Weir also championed how Gore's "global warming slide show has made $45 million and counting at the box office. Live versions sell out red state arenas faster than rock stars. And he's up for the Nobel Peace Prize. Which leads to the question, will he run again?"
The two broadcast networks are just following the lead of the Washington Post, which on Sunday's front page painted Gore as the "Coolest Vice President Ever." The February 26 MRC CyberAlert recounted, in part:
The Washington Post awarded its Oscar early to former Vice President Al "The Goracle" Gore. "Al Gore, Rock Star," announced the headline under a Sunday front page picture of Gore on stage with Queen Latifah at the Grammy Awards. The tribute carried this breathless subhead: "Oscar Hopeful May Be America's Coolest Ex-Vice President Ever." Reporter William Booth soon gushed: "Incredible as it may seem, Al Gore is not only totally carbon neutral, but geek-chic cool. No velvet rope can stop him. He rolls with Diddy. He is on first-name basis, for real, with Ludacris." Booth showcased how Laurie David, a producer of the film featuring Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, championed him as "a super hero now" and Democratic consultant Matt Bennett got space to proclaim: "Look, this guy was a visionary. He was right about everything, even the stuff he was ridiculed for." The headline over the jump page, "'Truth': Renewable Energy and the Renewable Man."
Booth touted how the director of Gore's film, Davis Guggenheim trumpeted how "everywhere I go with him, they treat him like a rock star." Booth backed him up: "Guggenheim is not being hyperbolic. Take the Cannes Film Festival: Al Gore was mobbed. By French people. He was a presenter at the Grammy Awards, alongside Queen Latifah, where he got one of the biggest welcomes of the night. 'Wow....I think they love you, man. You hear that?' the current Queen asked the former veep."
The MRC's Brad Wilmouth corrected the closed-captioning against the video for the February 25 CBS Evening News coverage:
Katie Couric's tease:
"Tonight big business and Hollywood both decide it is easy being green. The biggest corporate buyout in corporate history has Wall Street and environmentalists cheering while an Oscar win puts Al Gore's global warming message on center stage."
Katie Couric led her newscast:
"Hello, everyone. Tonight there are signs in two arenas -- business and politics -- that environmentalism may be reaching critical mass. Today the largest private equity buyout in corporate history was announced by the most powerful players on Wall Street. Several firms have agreed to spend $45 billion to buy Texas electricity producer TXU. If this deal is any indication, it looks as if the Wall Street mantra of 'greed is good' has been replaced by 'green is good.' Here's Anthony Mason."
Anthony Mason: "In a stunning turnabout, the new buyers of TXU, the largest power provider in Texas, promised to take a company that had been the enemy of environmentalists and make it go green."
David Hawkins, Natural Resources Defense Council: "This is an earthquake that happened in Texas, but the shock wave is going to be felt from Wall Street to Washington."
Mason: "-because it signals a major shift in big business attitudes. The big money behind the deal was a consortium of the most powerful financiers in America. They pledge to cancel TXU's plans to build eight new coal-fired plants that would have generated tons of greenhouse gas emissions, reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent, and become the largest buyer of wind power in the country."
Bill Reilly, Texas Pacific Group: "Now, on virtually every front, we're moving to make this a clean, responsible, environmentally committed company."
Mason: "TXU is not alone. Florida Power and Light, Exelon in Chicago, PNM in New Mexico, and Duke Energy have all agreed to support global warming legislation. Last month, the CEOs of GE, Alcoa, and DuPont made the same public pledge."
Jim Rogers, Duke Energy: "The science of climate warming is clear. We know enough to act now. We must act now."
Mason: "More than half the electricity used in the U.S. is produced from coal, but coal has the highest uncontrolled carbon dioxide emission rate of any fuel, and is the largest source of global warming pollution in the country. TXU says it will invest $400 million to improve energy efficiency. It's the new bottom line: smart environmental choices equal good business."
Reilly: "In fact, we think that the environmental commitments will help make a success of the, of the business commitments, and it will be green in both senses of the word."
Mason: "This is a huge business deal, the largest private buyout ever. At the same time, the company is promising to cut rates by 10 percent for its more than two million customers."
Katie Couric then moved on to Al Gore:
"And if green is good for big business, it could be great for politicians. Now that Al Gore's documentary on global warming won an Oscar, a lot of people are wondering if he'll use it as a springboard for another presidential run. Our national political correspondent Gloria Borger is in Washington. Gloria, it looks as if the former Vice President is playing it coy, at least for now."
Gloria Borger: "That's right, Katie. He's clearly playing it for all it's worth because now he's not just another defeated presidential candidate. He's an Oscar-winning environmental evangelist. With questions about Al Gore's 2008 intentions still in the air, it was a moment just too good to pass up."
Al Gore at the Academy Awards: "I guess with a billion people watching, it's as good a time as any, so, my fellow Americans, I'm going to take this opportunity right here and now to formally announce my intention to-" [music cuts him off in planned comedy bit]
Borger: "The comedic timing was perfect, especially for someone always considered a bit stiff. But on stage last night, after winning for An Inconvenient Truth, Gore was on top of the world. Not only has he spread the word about global warming, he's helped change the political climate, too. Consider this from the 1992 campaign:"
George H.W. Bush, October 1992: "You know why I call him 'Ozone Man'? This guy is so far off in the environmental extreme, we'll be up to our necks in owls-"
Borger: "Back then, it wasn't easy being green. Now, 70 percent of the American public believes global warming is real. And the current President Bush is pushing hybrid cars. Need more evidence that climate change is now mainstream? Just today, the governors of five Western states pledged to reduce greenhouse gases, which they say cause record drought and fire seasons. As for Gore, the question in Washington is whether his Oscar win may tempt him to try again for the biggest prize. An advisor says Gore isn't thinking about it now."
Michael Feldman, Al Gore advisor: "He hasn't completely shut the door, but I don't see, I don't see anything more than that."
Borger: "But sources tell us to check back this fall, Katie, and see what happens."
Couric: "In other words, Gloria, he may wait around to see if Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama falter, and if they do, step in?"
Borger: "Absolutely, Katie. He is in no rush. First of all, he can write himself a large personal check at this point. I was told today that he could raise $50 million very easily. He's a known quantity, and one more thing that appeals to these Democratic primary voters, Katie, he has been opposed to the war in Iraq."
ABC's World News with Charles Gibson:
Charles Gibson, with "Gore's Moment" on screen: "There has been a lot of speculation today about the political future of former Vice President Al Gore following his star turn at the Academy Awards last night. The documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, which features Gore talking up the problem of global warming, won an Oscar. So does he want, now, to win something else? Here's ABC's Bill Weir."
Bill Weir: "There is no comedy without pain, it is said."
Al Gore on stage at the Academy Awards Sunday night: "I'm going to take this opportunity right now, to formally announce my intention-" [cut off by music as part of planned humorous bit]
Weir: "This laugh came six year after his most painful day in politics."
Gore in December 2000: "I offer my concession."
Weir: "A bigger, looser Al Gore now roams red carpets in Ralph Lauren, gives Grammys to Red Hot Chili Peppers and has Oscar credibility."
Gore in An Inconvenient Truth: "That's global warming."
Weir: "His global warming slide show has made $45 million and counting at the box office. Live versions sell out red state arenas faster than rock stars. And he's up for the Nobel Peace Prize. Which leads to the question, will he run again?"
Al Gore, at after-awards even: "You know, I don't have plans to do that. Don't have any intention of doing it. I am involved in trying to campaign in a different way to get people to see the reality of this crisis."
Weir: "It is a frustrating response for his political fans, both online bloggers and one veteran of the Oval Office."
Jimmy Carter on Sunday's This Week: "I've put so much pressure on Al to run that he's almost gotten aggravated with me."
Weir: "Still, the Gore faithful hold out hope that all this pop culture love will nudge him into the race. And his former campaign manager believes he can still jump in after other Democrats have worn each other down."
Donna Brazille: "There's an opportunity for Al Gore to get in the race. If one of the top tier candidates stumble and perhaps get out of the race."
Weir: "And just in case, Republican strategists are sharpening their knives."
Rich Galen: "It may be a one-trick pony, that global warming isn't enough, I don't think, to be elected President."
Weir: "He will tackle other political issues in a new book, testify before Congress on global warming, and front a massive environmental concert this summer. So for now, it seems Al Gore is content to shape the debate far off the campaign trail."
George Clooney, joking on stage at the Academy Awards: "I was backstage with Jack Nicholson and Vice President Gore drinking. I don't think he's running for President."
Weir: "Bill Weir, ABC News, Los Angeles."


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Rebecca Northington has been a member of Redeemer since the late 1970's, or in better terms, most of her life. She has four children, ages 144, and has been working with kids as a teacher, coach or counselor for almost 20 years. She is excited to be involved with the youth at Redeemer because of the huge impact RYG had on her teenage years. She says, "I am grateful to be able to pay that back and to grow myself through the experiences and perspectives that innately come with young minds and energy!"
David Randolph is a retired Philadelphia teacher, and has been a member of The Redeemer for the past five years. A father of two and grandfather of seven, David has been active in outreach programs, such as Food for Friends Youth, St. Gabriel's Saturday Luncheon, and most recently, St. Gabriel's City Camp. He regards outreach and mission programs as kinesthetic forms of prayer.
Alexis Stephan is a mom of three girls, Olivia 9, Kate 7 and Caroline 4. She has attended Redeemer for 9 years and all three of her daughters were baptized here and 2 sing in choir. She is a pediatric intensivist at CHOP and loves working with kids. She say, "I am excited about working with Redeemer Youth because of the important role adults have played in my life during my youth and adolescence providing mentorship and friendship."
Bill Susskind has been a part of the Church of the Redeemer since his childhood. His mother and late father were members here. Currently, Bill's oldest daughter, Paige, attends Gettysburg and sang in the choir and went on many Dominican Republic Youth Mission Trips. His daughter, Rebecca, is a junior verger and chorister. Bill has been leading youth adventures for over ten years including mission trips to New Orleans, Navajoland, and the Dominican Republic. He loves to see how youth change and mature during their time at Redeemer.
Carter Williams has been attending Redeemer all of his life! He and his wife, Ginny, met in the Redeemer Youth program. His son, Cal, attends Haverford School and his daughter, Cheney attends Agnes Irwin. Both kids are active in the acolyte program. Carter cherishes his experiences as a youth at Redeemer and looks forward to building relationships with youth and having lots of fun in the process.
A Closer Look at Youth Formation at The Redeemer
By Melissa Wilcox
The youth ministry at Redeemer is designed to create many opportunities for youth to find a place within the community of the church that uses their talents and spiritual gifts as well as providing an environment of comfort, learning, and spiritual development. The primary objective is to teach our youth ecclesial ethics; meaning that rather than spending time on decisive or circumstantial decisions, we present a ministry that holistically prepares youth by continuously challenging them to actively be a part of the body of Christ through our practices and rituals believing that the Holy Spirit will help develop the roots (Jer.17:8) they need in order to continue to be a part of the community of the church beyond high school and to participate in the life of the church as an adult.
Why does The Redeemer put so much emphasis on Sunday Formation Programs?
We emphasize our Sunday morning programs because the foundation of the Christian life--and habit--is worship. We understand that families realistically only have a certain amount of time to devote to church life and so we grab them on Sunday mornings so that our youth will become "habitual' worshipers at Redeemer. And, eventually, not just at Redeemer, but at the churches they choose to attend when they have graduated. Our Sunday morning programs are led by Charles Amis, Bill Susskind, and David Randolph.
How can my young person become involved in Sunday morning programs?
Please contact Michael Diorio to join the choir, Bob Mikrut to join the acolyte program, David Romanik to become a lector, Pat Sharpe to help with the nursery or assist in children's chapel, or Melissa Wilcox to join the Rite 13 programs and the Redeemer Youth program.
Does Redeemer have any fellowship programs for our Middle School and High School youth?
Yes. We believe that both age groups should spend time together and learn what it means to live in Christian community. The Middle School has Sabbath Time, and this year we are adding an evening fellowship program coordinated by Rebecca Northington. New leaders include Carter Williams, Alexis Stefan, and Bailey Sperry.
Does Redeemer offer a Confirmation Program?
Yes, youth in eighth grade and above prepared for 14 weeks for the Sacrament of Confirmation last year. Each confirmand wrote a letter to the bishop explaining why they want to be confirmed. We await a bishop's visit in spring 2017.
Are there any unique events offered for our youth outside the parish?
Yes, we are offering a fall retreat at the Diocesan Retreat center in Maryland, known as Wapiti. Our youth and leaders will gather for an overnight of fun, and deepening fellowship.
Does Redeemer ever take a group of kids away for Mission Trips?
Yes, last year we participated as volunteers in City Camp run by the Diocese. Our youth and adults provided support for a day camp in the Olney neighborhood of Philadelphia. This program was based out of St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church with whom we have a relationship. This year we will be putting together a steering committee of youth and leaders to plan this summer's mission trip.

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Home » Directory » Haryana » Faridabad » Business » Metals & Minerals » Steel
Steel in FaridabadSteel directory provides information on the leading steel manufacturers of India. Here under the online web guide of steel get information on the Indian exporter and importers of various steel products such as stainless steel, carbon steel and alloy steel. Also available under the online steel directory is a website listing of companies engaged in the production and supply of raw steel and related products in India. Benefit from these websites and get further insights into the product range, quality parameters, company profile and contact details related to the Indian steel manufacturing companies.
Latest Website Listings
- Mukta Industries We are manufacturer and exporter of diesel storage tanks, industrial fabricated items, children playing equipments, heavy structure sheets, metal works like bush bars, panels, etc. Keeping in view children perspective, we have incorporated the features of both fun & learning in our equipments. Beautiful patterns & vibrant colors make the playing more exciting.We have demand for our products in the International markets due to high quality standards and reasonable prices.
- JAWALA STRIPS & TUBES PVT. LTD. Our company manufactures a huge range of Steel Tubes, CR Precision Steel Tubes and Stripes. The diverse application of pipes and tubes manufactured by us, has provided us a mark of trusted quality all over the world. Our company is managed by experienced and competent technocrats and have established a strong foundation to meet requirements and challenges to beat the target and cater the best services.
- JOTINDRA STEEL AND TUBES LTD we are manufacturers and exporters of Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) Steel Tubes and Pipes.
- Swing Furniture We are a renowned manufacturer, trader and supplier of all types of well fabricated Playground Equipments, Designer Lamps Post, Deluxe Family Swings, Arc Family Swings, Garden Furniture, Chairs, Antique Benches, Garden Furniture Sets, Amusement Riders, Water Slides, Spiral Slides, Garden Shelters, Cast Iron, Gazebo, etc. We comply with the quality standards and have good infra structural facilities which have provided our customers the maximum satisfaction.
- Alpha Toyo Limited Manufacturers and exporters of hot melt, spare parts of mirror plants, stainless steel and automobile accessories.
- VISHNU STEEL We offer tailored solution to buyers covering steps from raw material procurement to cutting, turning & fitting. Established in the year 1983, our in-depth industrial knowledge & industrial expertise help us to carve a name in this business market.
- Bansal Technico BANSAL TECHNICO is one of the very leading MERCHANTS which specializes in integrating IMPORTS, marketing and RESELLERS of over 20 corresponding materials of modern special steels with mainly 5 series: Cold Work Die Steels, Hot Work Die Steels, Plastic Mould Steels, High Speed Tool Steels and Carbon Alloy Steels, of which models like D2,D3, H11, H13, O1, P20, 52100, K310, HIGH SPEED STEEL , STAINLESS STEELS, alloy steels are well spoken and most popular in the market.
- Goodwell Industries Exporters of stainless steel fabrications of storage tanks for food and breverage industries.
- B. STEEL FAB ENTERPRISES To meet the demand of the customers in stipulated time frame, B. Steel Fab Enterprises, stepped into the industry the year 1990. We are renowned manufacturer, exporter and supplier of fabricated & engineering items, such as Panels, Shuttering, Tanks, Brackets, Rollers, Buckets, etc.
- New Hindustan Tubes Pvt Ltd. New Hindustan Tubes Pvt Ltd. is an Indian based leading manufacturer and supplier of ERW Steel Tubes in various shapes and sizes like round, square, rectangular, triangular, elliptical or any special shapes in HR and CR materials. The lengths of the pipes differ from 4 meter to 6.5 meter unless specified length is given by the customers.
- Gulati Steel Fab Private Limited Manufacturers of steel fabricated products like sugar plant machinries, vacuum crytallizer, baggasse feeder, heat exchanger, belt & screw conveyor, rortary furnace, smoke drafting chimney and hydro power generation equipments.
- THE AUTOPAL SPARES Casting is a process that involves pouring liquid material such as molten metal into a mold. When the liquid hardens, the mold is removed, leaving a form in the shape of the mold. The Autopal Spares has attained a remarkable market position by offering top rated cast molded products.
- Bengal Industries Private Limited Manufacturer of all types of industrial hoses, stainless steel hoses, corrugated hoses, flexible hoses, hose pipes, corrugated flexible hoses amd hose assemblies etc.
- Micro Machine Tools Providing all types of designers and engineers for reconditioning marketing, valuations, inspections of precision imported and indigenous grinding machines. Also supplier of precision spares of all types of grinders.
- A. N. S Steel Tubes Limited Manufacturer and supplier of all types of erw mild steel tubes, slitting jobwork, erw aluminium coated steel tubes, erw stainless steel tubes and cew steel tubes etc.
- Vishwakarma Industries Vishwakarma Industries is a leading M.S and S.S fabrication house based in faridabad Haryana, India. With a gigantic experience of over 21 years we are in to this field and establish a profound reputation among customers uk, usa, australia dubai, south africa and worldwide.
- Joneja Bright Steels Pvt. Ltd. Joneja Bright Steels Pvt. Ltd. JBSPL is a privately owned, progressive and independent producer of Bright Bars and Wires. It is situated near New Delhi in Faridabad in the State of Haryana, India. The company was formed in 1987 and occupies a little over 100,000 sq. ft. of factory space dedicated to the flow line of Combined Drawing Machines, Draw Benches, wire Drums, inverted Blocks, Peeling and Grinding set up, as well as pit furnaces and bell annealing furnaces.
- SPECIAL AGENCIES PVT. LTD. With more than two consecutive decades of striking performance in the steel shots manufacturing sector, Special Agencies Pvt. Ltd. has become the champion manufacturer, exporter, trader and supplier of unmatched Steel Shots & Grits in various grades. The product range of the company includes the best Steel Shots, Steel Grits, Cut Wire Shots, Stainless Steel Cut Wire Shots and Aloxide Grits.
- R.B. SteelIndustries RB Industries is an engineering industry indulged in line of steel fabrication and automobile sheet metal components. Presently supplying steel fabricated components and sheet metal components to reputed construction equipment, white goods industry and major automobile manufacturers.
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Steel - ALL INDIA
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Design Deploy Destroy
Development on Servo has shutdown: http://bonusxp.com/2016/09/servo-shutdown/
Design your ideal team of giant war machines and use them to lead your far-future forces into glorious real-time battle in Servo, the next RTS from key elements of the Age of Empires creative team. The valuable but dangerous energy source known as Bloom has consumed Old Earth, and the remnants of humanity sail the stars in search of fame and fortune, or at least survival. When the way home unexpectedly reopens, though, the race is on to harvest the Bloom motherlode – and perhaps discover the next chapter in mankind's destiny.
Designing your ideal team of giant war machines is only the first step in Servo. The parts you earn after every battle can be freely swapped on all your Servos between matches, opening up new strategies and team compositions with every game you play.
Even the strongest Servos need support. Whether in co-op, PvP, or single-player story mode, players need to control the Bloom nodes on the map, survive the predations of violent Bloomspawn, and construct the beacons, turrets, factories, and armories to give their Servos a strong economic foundation in battle.


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With First Tutors: Music you can find a Crook organ tutor. Organ tuition are a brilliant way to learn a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new skill and attain confidence in organ. Try our service to search for Crook organ teachers and select which matches your needs so you can begin your organ lessons in Crook today!
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Notes on the Great Theorems. Leon M. Hall Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Missouri - Rolla 1987
- Chastity Austin
- 1 years ago
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1 Notes on the Great Theorems Leon M. Hall Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Missouri - Rolla 1987
2 . ignorance of the roots of the subject has its price - no one denies that modern formulations are clear elegant and precise; it's just that it's impossible to comprehend how anyone ever thought of them. -M. Spivak
3 Table of Contents Introduction... 4 The Pythagorean Theorem... 6 Anticipations of Calculus - Archimedes The General Solution of the Cubic Equation Algebraic and Transcendental Numbers The Three Famous Problems of Antiquity Newton's Binomial Theorem and Some Consequences The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Prime Numbers Euler and Fermat Fourier Series Cantor's Theorem Godel's Theorem Reading List Bibliography Acknowledgement Sources for the material are given in the bibliography. but I want to especially express my thanks to Professor William Dunham. of Hanover College. whose article in the American Mathematical Monthly crystallized my concept of this course. and who graciously provided a copy of the Mathematics Supplement that he developed for his own great theorems course. Several sections are modifications. to varying degrees. of sections from his Mathematics Supplement.
4 Introduction The quote from M. Spivak could well illustrate one of the reasons that, despite the increasing prominence of mathematics in today's world, most people just plain don't like it. Mathematicians must accept a large part of the responsibility for this state of affairs, and make efforts to increase general awareness of and appreciation for mathematics. This course is one attempt to shed light on some of the important "roots of the subject", and will thus be somewhat different from the usual mathematics course in that, while the details of the mathematics itself will certainly not be neglected, there will be two other important components of the course. First is an historical/biographical emphasis. Mathematics has been, and continues to be, a major cultural force in civilization, and mathematicians necessarily work within the context of their time and place in history. Since only a few episodes and personalities can be highlighted in a course like this, it should be kept in mind that major results in mathematics come about not as isolated flashes of brilliance, but after years (or even centuries) of intellectual struggle and development. Second is an attempt to provide some insight into the nature of mathematics and.. those who create it. Mathematics is a living, dynamic and vast discipline. The American Mathematical Society's 1979 subject classification contains 61 basic classifications having approximately 3400 subcategories, and it has been estimated that the number of new theorems published yearly in mathematics journals is in excess of 100,000. It is hoped that this course will give the student some perspective on mathematics as a whole, and also provide some insight on how mathematics has developed over the years. The principal objective of the course, however, is that the student gain an understanding of the mathematics itself. In these notes, statements and proofs of theorems are often given in a form as close as possible to the original work. In practically all fields of scholarship, a valuable piece of advice is to read the classics, but this is not heard as much in mathematics as in some other areas. For one thing, the mathematics of previous generations is often difficult to read and not up to modern standards of rigor. Nevertheless, by reading primary sources, much valuable insight into a subject can be gained, and this is true for mathematics as well as other fields. The effort required is justified by the benefits.
5 Deciding which theorems to include has been a major part of the preparation of this course, and the final list is bound to reflect personal taste. Among the guidelines used to make the choices were accessibility to students with a calculus background, variety in the branches of mathematics represented, inclusion of the "superstars" in mathematics, and the intellectual quality of the results. After some thought, it was decided that being able to cover the complete proof of a theorem was important but not necessary. Thus, a few topics, such as Godel's theorem, are included with considerable discussion, but whose proofs require more mathematics than can reasonably be expected from the students at this stage in their mathematical development. Finally, a few words to the students about what is expected of them with respect to the proofs of the theorems. Memorization of the proofs should not be a primary goal, although you may find that a certain amount of memorization occurs as a by-product as you work toward the main goal, which is understanding. An effective way to study mathematics is to read the material three times (at least); the first time read only the definitions and the statements of the theorems to get an idea of the mathematical setting; next re-read the material, this time scanning the proofs, but not checking all the details, in order to see what general techniques are used; finally, with pencil and paper ready at hand, read everything carefully, making sure you fully understand the logical path chosen by the mathematician to construct the proof. In many of the proofs in these notes details or steps have been omitted in some places. Whenever this occurs, - the student & ex~ected to SUDD~V the missin& a. Often, but not always, a statement such as "details are left to the student" helps identify gaps in the arguments. Understanding the great theorems of mathematics will certainly require effort, concentration, and discipline on the part of the student; after all, these theorems do represent pinnacles of mathematical thought. Those who persevere and gain an understanding of these theorems will, however, also gain a sense of personal satisfaction that comes from being able to comprehend some of the masterpieces of mathematics.
6 The Pythagorean Theorem In right angled triangles, the square on the side subtending the right angle is equal to the squares on the sides containing the right angle. Prop. 1.47, Euclid's Elements The Pythagorean Theorem may well be the most famous theorem in mathematics, and is generally considered to be the first great theorem in mathematics. Pythagoras lived from about 572 B.C. until about 500 B.C., but "his" theorem appears to have been known to the Babylonians at least a thousand years earlier, and to the Hindus and Chinese of Pythagoras' time. However, no proofs are given in these ~arly.ref&ences, and it is generally accepted that Pythagoras or some member of his school was the first to give a proof of the theorem. The nature. of Pythagoras' proof is not known, and there has been much conjecture as to the method he used. Most authorities feel that a dissection proof such.as the following was most likely. ~. Denote the legs and hypotenuse of the given right triangle by a, b, and c, and form two squares, each having side a+b, as in Figure 1. Dissect these squares as shown, noticing that each dissection includes four triangles congruent to the original triangle. The theorem followsby subtracting these four triangles from each square. important part of this proof is the assertion that the central figure in the second. dissectionis indeed a square: What geometry is required? an^ Can you prove this? Figure 1
7 In addition to its claims as the first and most famous of the great theorems of Mathematics, the Pythagorean Theorem is also probably the theorem with the most proofs. E. S. Loomis has collected 370 proofs of this theorem in his book, The Pythagorean Proposition. Two more proofs will be given here, the first by James A. Garfield, done when he was a member of the House of Representatives in 1876 (five years before he became the 20th President of the United States), and the second by Euclid in his Elements, written about 300 B.C. -- James A. Garfield's H: Denote 'the legs and the hypotenuse of the right triangle by a, b, and c, and form the trapezoid shown in Fig. 2. Compute the area of the trapezoid in two ways, directly using the usual formula, and as the sum of the areas of the three right triangles into which the trapezoid can be dissected. Equating these and simplifying gives: Figure 2
8 Euclid's m: The Pythagorean Theorem is proposition 47 in Book I of Euclid's Elements and the proof refers to some of the earlier propositions. These should be looked up by the interested reader. Details should also be filled in. Suppose AABC is a right triangle with LBAC = 90. Construct the squares BDEC on BC, AGFB on AB, and AHKC on AC (by 1.46). Through point A draw AL parallel to BD, and also draw lines FC and AD (by 1.31 and Post. 1). See Figure 3. Now, LBAC = 9 0 and LBAG = 90, so GAG is a straight line (by 1.14). LDBC and LFBA are right angles, and thus are equal. Adding LABC to both yields LDBA = LFBC. Furthermore, AB = FB and BD = BC, and so triangles ABD and FBC are congruent (by 1.4). Now, triangle ABD and rectangle BDLM share the same base and lie within the same parallels, and so the area of the rectangle is twice the area of the triangle. The same reasoning applies to triangle FBC and rectangle (square) ABFG since it was shown above that GAG is a straight line. (1.41 is used here.) However, the congruence of triangles proved above leads us to the fact that the areas of BEE'S and ABFG are equal. The above reasoning should now be repeated to arrive at the fact that the areas of MLEC and ACKH are equal. (The student should draw appropriate auxiliary lines and fill in the details.) For notational convenience, the area of a figure will be indicated by the vertex-notation of the figure, i.e., area(abc) = ABC. Thus, BDLM = ABFG and MLEC = ACKH. Adding these yields BDLM + MLEC = ABFG + ACKH which becomes BCED = ABFG + ACKH and the theorem is proved.
9 Figure 3 In some modern textbooks, many of the exercises following the proof of the Pythagorean Theorem require not the theorem itself, but the still unproved converse. To Euclid's credit, in the Elements the proposition immediately following the Pythagorean Theorem is its converse. Prove the following. If in a triangle, the square on one of the sides be equal to the squares on the remaining two sides of the triangle, the angle contained by the remaining two sides of the triangle is right. Hint: If in triangle ABC, LBAC is to be proved to be a right angle, construct a i to AC at A, extending to D, such that AD = AB. Then prove triangles ABC and ADC congruent.
10 Anticipations of Calculus - Archimedes Let ABC be a segment of a parabola bounded by the straight line AC and the parabola ABC, and let D be the middle point of AC. Draw the straight line DEE parallel to the axis of the parabola 4 and join AB, BC. Then shall the segment ABC be - of the triangle 3 ABC. Proposition 1 from the Method of Archimedes, The greatest mathematician of antiquity was Archimedes of Syracuse, who lived in the third century B.C. His work on areas of certain curvilinear plane figures and on the areas and volumes of certain curved surfaces used methods that came close to modern integration. One of the characteristics of the ancient Greek mathematicians is that they published their theorems as finished masterpieces, with no hint of the method by which they were evolved. While this makes for beautiful mathematics, it precludes much insight into their methods of discovery. An exception to this state of affairs is Archimedes' Method, a work addressed to his friend Eratosthenes, which was known only by references to it until its rediscovery in 1906 in Constantinople by the German mathematical historian J. L. Heiberg. In the Method, Archimedes describes how he investigated certain theorems and became convinced of their truth, but he was careful to point out that these investigations did not constitute rigorous of the theorems. In his own (translated) words: "Now the fact here stated is not actually demonstrated by the argument used; but that argument has given a sort of indication that the conclusion is true. Seeing then that the theorem is not demonstrated, but at the same time suspecting that the conclusion is true, we shall have recourse to the geometrical demonstration which I myself discovered and have already published." This section will give both Archimedes' investigation, from the Method, and the rigorous proof, from his Quadrature of the Parabola, of the proposition above. The arguments given below are from T. L. Heath's The Works of Archimedes, which is a translation "edited in modern notation". Proposition 1 from the Method is stated at the beginning of this section, and the following investigation refers to Figure 1. From A draw AKF parallel to DE, and let the tangent to the parabola at C meet DBE in E and AKF in F. Produce CB to meet AF in K, and again produce CK to H, making KH equal to CK.
11 ~ ~ Figure 1 consider CH as the bar of balance, K being its middle point. Let MO be any straight line parallel to ED, and let it meet CF, CK, AC in M, N, 0 and the cu~e1in P. ~ Now, since CE is a, tangent to the parabola and CD the semi-ordinate, EB = BD ; "for this is proved in the Elements (of Conics)." (by Aristaeus & Euclid) Since FA, NO, are parallel to ED, it follows that FK-KA, MM-NO. Now, by the property of the parabola, "proved in a lemma," MO : OP = CA : A0 (Cf. Quadrature of the Parabola, Prop. 5) = CK : KN (Euclid, VI. 2) H K : KN... \ Take a st&ight line TG equal to OF, and place it with its centre of gravity at H, so that TH = HG; then, since N is the centre of gravity
12 of the straight line MO, and MO : TG = HK : KN, it follows that TG at H and MO at N will be in equilibrium about K. (On the Equilibrium of Planes, I. 6, 7) Similarly, all other straight lines parallel to DE and meeting the arc of the parabola, (1) the portion intercepted between FC, AC with its middle point on KC and (2) a len&&equal to the intercept between the curve and AC placed with its centre of gravity at H will be in equilibrium about K. Therefore K is the centre of gravity of the whole system consisting (1) of all the straight lines as MO intercepted between FC, AC and placed as they actually are in the figure and (2) of all the straight lines placed at H equal to the straight lines as PO intercepted between the curve and AC. And, since the triangle CFA is made up of all the parallel lines like MO, and the segment CBA is made up of all straight lines like PO within the curve, it follows that the triangle, placed where it is in the figure, is in equilibrium about K with the segment CBA placed with its centre of -%-a.j< +.T at H. Divide KC at W so that CK = 3KW; then W is the centre of gravity of the triangle ACF; "for this is proved in the books on equilibrium" (Cf. On the Equilibrium of Planes, I. 5). Theref ore Therefore AACF : (segment ABC) = HK : KW = 3 : 1. 1 segment ABC = - AACF. 3 ' ' r i.~~~~i..;,;~,~,s:.~w*~ But AACF = 4 AABc. ; f3p..! Therefore segment ABC = - AABC. 3 The statement by Archimedes that this is not a proof is found at this point in the Method. 4 The mathematically rigorous proof, contained in Propositions 16 and 17 of Quadrature of the Parabola, will now be given. Be on the lookout for things like Riemann sums. Prop. 16. Suppose Qq to be the base of a parabolic segment, q being not more distant than Q from the vertex of the parabola. Draw through q the straight line qe parallel to the axis of the parabola to meet the tangent Q in E. It is required to prove that 1 (area of segment) = - AEqQ. 3 [I?fi&;:<i 1
13 The proof will employ the method of exhaustion, a technique much used by Archimedes, and will take the form of a double reductio ad absurdurn, where the assumptions that the area of the segment is more than and less than 3 the area of the triangle both lead to contradictions... ~. I. Suppose the area of the 1 segment greater than - AEqQ. Then 3 the excess can, if continually 1 - added to itself, be made to exceed AEqQ. And it is possible to find F a submultiple of the triangle EqQ less than the said excess of the 1 segment over AEqQ. Let the triangle FqQ be such a.submultiple of the triangle EqQ. Divide Eq into equal parts each equal to qf, and let all points of division including F -be joined to E ~. 0. meeting the parabola. in. - R,R,....,R respectively. Through R R,...,R draw diameters of the n I' 2 n parabola meeting qq in 0,0...,0 respectively. 1 2' n - Let 0 R meet QR in F, let O R meet QR in Dl and QR in F, let R meet QR in D and QR in F, and so on. We have, by hypothesis; ~ 1 - AF~Q < (area of segment) - AE~Q; or, 1 : (area of segment) - AFqQ > - AEqQ 3 (a) Now, since all the parts of qe, as qf and the rest, are equal, O1R = RIFl. 02D = R F 2 2' and so on; therefore But AFqQ = (FO + RO + DO +...) = (FO + F D + F D F D + AERQ) n-1 n n (area of segment) < (FO + F F 0 + AE 0 Q) n-1 n n n Subtracting, we have (area of segment) - AFqQ < (R0 + R R 0 + AR 0 Q), 2 3 n-1 n n n whence, a fortiori, by (a), (I9
14 1 - AEqQ < (R1O + R R 0 + AR 0 Q) 3 n-1 n n n But this is impossible, since [Props. 14, AEqQ < (R0 + R R 0 + AR 0 Q). 3 n-1 n n n Therefore cannot be true. (area of segment) > 1 AEqQ If possible, suppose the area of the segment less than - AEqQ. 3 - Take a submultiple of the triangle EqQ, as the triangle FqQ, less than - 1 the excess of -AEqQ over the area of the segment, and make the same 3 construction as before. 1 Since AFqQ < AEqQ - (area of segment), it follows that AFqQ + (area of segment) < AE~Q < (FO+ FO+...+ F 0 + AE 0Q) 3 n-in. n n [Props: 14, 151 Subtracting from each side the area of the segment, we have AFqQ < (sum of spaces qfr, RlFlR2,..., E R Q) n n ' < (FO+ FD F D + AERQ), a fortiori; 11 n-1 n-1 n n which is impossible, because, by (8 above,. ~ AFqQ - FO+ FD+...+ F D + AE R Q. n-1 n-1- n n 1 Hence the area of the segment cannot be less than - AEqQ-. 3 Since the area of thesegment is neither less nor greater than - it is equal to it. : Proposition 17.. ~ 1 AEqQ, It is now manifest that the area of any segment of a parabola is four-thirds of the triangle which has the same base as the segment and equal height. A Let Qq be the base of the segment, P its vertex. inscribed triangle with the same base as the segment and equal height. Then PQq is the Since P is the vertex of the segment, the diameter through P bisects Qq. Let V be the point of bisection. Let VP, and qe drawn parallel to 14
15 it, meet the tangent at Q in T, E respectively. Then, by parallels, qe = 2VT, and PV = PT, [Prop. 21 so that VT = 2PV. Hence AEqQ = 4APQq. But by Prop. 16, the area of the segment is equal 1 to - AEqQ. 3 Therefore (area of segment) = - APQq. 3 4 In case readers were not sure what Archimedes meant by the terms base, height, and vertex in the above work, he defines them immediately after Prop. 17. "In segments bounded by a srtaight line and any curve, I call the straight line the base, and the height the greatest perpendicular drawn from the curve to the base of the segment, and the vertex the point from which the greatest perpendicular is drawn."
16 The General Solution of the Cubic Equation Cube the third part of the number of "things", to which you add the square of half the number of the equation, and take the root of the whole, that is, the square root, which you will use, in the on case adding the half of the number which you just multiplied by itself, in the other case subtracting the same half, and you will have a "binomial" and "apotome" respectively; then subtract the cube root of the apotome from the cube root of the binomial, and the remainder from this is the value of the "thing". from Girolamo Cardano's Afs Magna, (Numburg, Certainly one of the great theorems of mathematics is the quadratic formula, but its origins cannot be pinned down to a specific time, place, or person. The ancient Babylonians of about 2000 B.C. were apparantly aware of an equivalent of the quadratic formula, and the method of completing the square on which the formula is based. The case of cubic equations is considerably more difficult, and while some special cases of cubic equations were solved by the Babylonians and others, including Archimedes, the solution of the general cubic was not known until much later. In the eleventh century the Persian poet-mathematician Omar Khayyam devised a geometric solution of cubic equations, and about 500 years later Italian mathematicians were able to get an algebraic solution of both cubic and quartic equations. The interested student can find a discussion of both these methods in Great Moments in Mathematics (before 1650) by Howard Eves. Here, the algebraic solution will be developed. The actual solution technique will be applied to cubic equations of the 3 form x + mx = n, or "depressed cubics" which lack a second degree term. As will be seen presently, any cubic can be converted to this form. A useful result is the following identity: (a-b)3 + 3ab(a-b) = a3 - b. The student should prove this by expanding and simplifying the left side. If x = a-b, the above identity corresponds to the depressed cubic 3 3 x3 + 3abx = a - b, which suggests choosing a and b so that m = 3ab, and n = a - b 3 3
17 The solution of these two equations for a and b is j 7 j- a = (n/2) + (42) + (m/3) and b = from which one root, x = a-b, can be found. The cubic now can be factored into a linear factor and a quadratic factor, and the other solutions found by the quadratic formula. The student should verify the above formulas for a and b. 2 A general cubic of the form ax3 + bx cx + d = 0 can be "depressed" by means of the substitution x = z - b/3a, giving Some Examples: x3-5x - x - 2 = 0. Here a=3, b=-5, c=-1, and d=-2, so the substitution x = z + 5/9 yields 34 where now m = - - and n = - and so (a calculator is handy ' for the arithmetic) z = , to five decimals. Thus x = 2, 2 and the equation can be factored as (x-2)(3x + x + l),and the other two roots are seen to be complex (but in the 16th century complex numbers were poorly understood). 2. x3-63x = 162. This cubic is in depressed form with m = -63 and n = 162. The numbers a and b turn out to be a = [8l + ~O/T]''~ and b = [ /T]1/3. This presented problems for the 16th century mathematicians, and this situation came to be known as the "irreducible case". The irreducible case will occur whenever the three roots of the cubic are all real and different from zero. In the given example it can be shown that one of the cube roots of / is G, and that one of the cube roots of 81-30/ is -3-2/. Thus, a - b = -6, which is indeed a root of the given cubic.
18 Algebraic and Transcendental Numbers Given any distinct algebraic numbers a a 1' 2'"" m a, the equation m is impossible in algebraic numbers a, a.., a not all zero. m Probably the first crisis in Mathematics came with the discovery of irrational or incommensurable numbers, such as -/"i^. The early Greeks, in the fifth or sixth century BC, were the first to realize that there are points on the number line which do not correspond to any rational number. In fact, it is now known that there are "more" irrationals than rationals. The concept of "more" as applied to infinite sets will be treated in another chapter. The set of real numbers can also be divided into algebraic and transcendental numbers. Definition: A number a is algebraic if a satisfies an equation of the form in which the coefficients a. are rational numbers. 1 Notice that all rational numbers are algebraic, as well as numbers like /2 Definition: A number is transcendental if it is not algebraic. Thus, all transcendental numbers are irrational, but it was not known until 1844 whether any transcendental numbers actually existed! In that year Liouville constructed not only one, but an entire class of nonalgebraic real numbers, now known as Liouville numbers. About thirty years later, Cantor was able to prove that transcendental numbers exist and have the same cardinality as the real numbers (without exhibiting any transcendental numbers!). In 1873 C. Hermite proved that the number e is transcendental, and in 1882 F. Lindemann, basing his proof on Hermite's, was able to show that v. is also transcendental. These are both great theorems, and the proof below of the transcendence of e is based on work of A. Hurwitz, published in 1893.
19 In order to prove the main result, the following preliminary lemma is convenient. Lemma: If h(x) = f(x)g(x)/n! where f(x) n = x and g(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients, then h à (0), the j th derivative of h evaluated at x=0, is an integer for j=0,1,2,.... Also, the integer hj(0) is divisible by (n+1) for all j except possibly j=n, and in case g(0)=0 the exception is not necessary. Proof: (For those who are wondering what this lemma has to do with the transcendence of e, notice that it involves polynomials with integer coefficients, the kinds of things associated with algebraic numbers.) By calculating the first two or three derivatives of h and using induction it can be seen that (j -m)(x) n! m=o h e ] represents the mth binomial coefficient of order j. Since f(x) = n k i x and since g can be expressed as 2. c.x with co,cl,..., c integers, it k follows that c. (j-m)! if j-m<k Oifmitn f(m) (0) = and g (j -m)(~) = n! if m = n I Noting that k is the degree of g, there are 4 cases: (1) j < n : f^0) = 0 for m = 0,1,...,j,so h("(0) = 0. Clearly, hj(0) is an integer in each case, and is divisible by (n + 1) in all except case (2). If g(0) = c = 0, then the result in case (2) is also divisible by (n + 1). The proof of the lemma is complete Theorem: e satisfies no relation of the form with integer coefficients not all 0. Proof: The idea of the proof will be to assume that e satisfy such a relation, and arrive at a logical impossibility, or contradiction. In this case, the contradiction will be that a certain number is a non-zero integer, but also has absolute value less than 1.
20 There is no loss of generality in assuming that a is nonzero. For an odd prime p (to be specified later) define the polynomial.. (x-m) P x~-~(x-l)p(x-2)~. h(x) = (p-l)! which has degree mp+p-1 and notice that the lemma is applicable to not only h(x), but also to h(x+l), h(x+2),..., and h(x+m). Also define H(x) = h(x) + h'(x) + h"(x) +... h(m~+~-l) (x) + and notice that h (mp+p-l) (x) = (mp+p-1)!/(p-1)!, a constant. so that -X (e'%(x))' = e-5' (x) - e'kx) = e (H' (x) - H(x)) = -e'%(x) i aijo e-x h(x) dx = -a.j l o i (e^ ~(x))' dx Now i Now multiply by e and sum from i=0 to m : Now, assuming that e does satisfy the equation in the theorem, the first term on the left is 0, and using the definition of H, the above equation becomes : - Looking first at the right side, the lemma can be applied to h(x), h(x+l), h(x+2),..., and h(x+m) to get, (for j = 0,1,...,mp+p-1) h^)(0), h'j)(l),..., hcj)(m) are all integers and are all divisible by p except possibly h (P'^ (0). However, and if p is chosen so that p > m and also p > 1 ao1 then 1) h(~^'(0) is not divisible by p, and 2) every term in the double sum above is a multiple of p except the term -aohp-i)(0). Therefore the right side of (*) represents a nonzero integer. Turning to the left side now, [ aieije-x h(x) dx i=o s[ i=o i a.eijo 1 e-x h(x) dx
21 m P-1 m (mm+2) 5 [ Iail (P-I)! ' i-0 where it is necessary to require p > m+2 for the last inequality. The p-l m+2 (mm+2) m expression above is the p-th tens in the series for e, which (D-lt...! is a convergent series of constants, and so the p-th term can be made arbitrarily small by choosing p large enough. This means that the left side of (*) can be made smaller than 1 in absolute value, contradicting that the right side is a nonzero integer. This completes the proof. Lindemann's theorem, stated at the beginning of this section, replaces the..., m by algebraic numbers al,..., a. The integer exponents 0,1, m transcendence of TT then follows from observing that, if ir were algebraic then ~ T T would also be algebraic and the equation in e +1= J L ZL,. WUUJ-U "'3 ±lllp" > )J-UJ 7, nuwcv~^", z- c L a is one of hl- mathematics and is certainly true, so TT must be transcendental. LUG %--- LÈt=oL.-n.ii.'-i 'LT~.
22 The Three Famous Problems of Antiquity 1 The duplication of the cube. 2. The trisection of an angle. 3. The quadrature of the circle. These are all construction problems, to be done with what has come to be known as Euclidean tools, that is, straightedge and compasses under the following rules: 0 With the straightedge a straight line of indefinite length may be drawn through any two distinct points. 0 With the compasses a circle may be drawn with any given point as center and passing through any given second point. To expand on the problems somewhat', the duplication of the cube means to construct the edge of a cube having twice the volume of a given cube; the trisection of an angle means to divide an arbitrary angle into three equal parts; the quadrature of the circle means to construct a square having area equal to the area of a given circle. The importance of these problems stems from the fact that all three are unsolvable with Euclidean tools, and that it took over 2000 years to prove this! Also, these are the problems that seem to attract amatuer mathematicians who, not believing the proofs of the impossibility of these constructions, (and the proofs are ironclad!) expend much effort on "proofs" that one or more of these is indeed possible. Trisecting the angle is the favorite. Many of these attempts do produce very good approximations, but, as will be seen, cannot be exact. Interestingly enough, the results needed to show that the three problems are impossible are not geometric, but rather are algebraic in nature. The two pertinent theorems are: THEOREM A: The magnitude of any length constructible with Euclidean tools from a given unit length is an algebraic number. THEOREM B: From a given unit length it is impossible to construct with Euclidean tools a segment the magnitude of whose length is a root of a cubic equation having rational coefficients but no rational root.
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Recorder Express is the fast track to becoming a great recorder player while having fun! More than 120 folk, pop, holiday, and original songs and exercises are included, as well as technique tips
Whether you are looking for a classroom-tested recorder method or want to supplement your current method with some motivational materials, this unique kit is the answer. Everything you will need to get
This marvelous collection of original recorder pieces accompanied by guitar and drum is appropriate for upper elementary school through adult level players. Many of the guitar chord progressions are
Liven up your recorder lessons and repertoire with this classroom-tested collection of 15 pieces for beginning and intermediate recorder students. It begins with engaging pre-teaching activities,
This is a collection of original pieces and arrangements of familiar tunes for recorders, drums and mallets. Paul Corbiere gives teachers the flexibility to use performance-ready pieces or to create
This one-of-a-kind resource features original compositions that include full ensemble and/or a recorder only option. In addition to the performance and accompaniment tracks, the included CD features
Grades 3-6. Step inside a world of silly lyrics, happy monsters, and rigorous music instruction with this fun and easy-to-use recorder curriculum. Each unit begins with a monster-narrated lesson and a
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oh yes
NOTE: Game works best in Firefox or Chrome
Thank you for checking out the Alpha version of Chasing the Manic Pixie Dream Girl: A Game About Love, Consent, and Respect
This game is inspired by my research into the performance of gender in online culture and how the tropes of online games are starting to make themselves felt in real world scenarios. One of the most explicit places I discovered in which the real world was being "gamified" was in the world of Pick Up Artistry, where dating guides claim to know the "secret code" to unlock a girls' heart by breaking down her self esteem and her will to resist.
Reading these manuals (which are rife with references to "video game bosses" and "high scores") put me in mind of one of my favorite films: Harold Ramis and Bill Murray's Groundhog Day. In many ways, this film resembles a video game. Murray's character must relive the same day over and over until he achieves a perfect run, doing everything exactly right so that he can finally win over his co-worker. Getting the girl becomes the same as "beating the game" and escaping the loop of failure in which he is trapped.
After reading up on Pick Up Artistry, I started to re-think the film and I recognized some of its less savory characteristics. The film posits that Murray's love interest isn't really a person with feelings and desires in the same way that he is. Rather, she is an obstacle that must be overcome, an adversary that Murray must defeat to gain access to her prize: sex (and, presumably also love).
If occurred to me that this is a pretty poor vision of love. If attraction is simply the irresistible product of the perfect mix of piano recitals and ice sculptures and town dances and not something that your partner can equally choose, then it doesn't, to me, seem to be something that a healthy person would want.
I began to wonder: what if we reverse the central premise of Groundhog Day? What if we created a story with a time loop at its center in which the protagonist has to learn that there is no such thing as a perfect run, that a person's feelings are their feelings and that they cannot be changed with a single social formula or an isolated Big Romantic Gesture. What if Murray's character in Groundhog Day had to learn acceptance instead of how to conquer?
This is the result of that thought experiment.
Note that the gender, race, body type, etc of the protagonist, CJ, are all deliberately unspecified. This is for two reasons: first, visual novels typically do not show their protagonists or allow them to speak so that the player can project themselves more readily onto them. Second, I wanted to make the protagonist as accessible to as many different types of players as possible, both to make the game more welcoming to players of all types and also to prevent players from blaming CJ's girl troubles on something irrelevant to the story. Masumi isn't rejecting CJ because of their identity or their body or their fashion sense or their money situation. Masumi just doesn't feel about CJ the way that CJ feels about her. And this game is about CJ learning to come to terms with that fact, to give up feelings of entitlement and shame, and to move forward with life, finding new opportunities to grow and love along the way.
Please feel free to report any issues, from game breaking bugs to spelling errors, via email at email@example.com And send along your comments, good or bad!
This game will always be free to play.
Look for the forthcoming Kickstarter for the Ultimate Edition, featuring:
More costumes!
More facial expressions!
More sound effects!
Downloadable versions for Windows and Mac?
Android and iOS versions?
And who knows what else?
The Ultimate Edition will help support the writer and the artist as they make more educational games and interactive pedagogical... things.
Chasing the Manic Pixie Dream Girl: A Game About Love, Consent, and Respect
Written by Megan Condis
Original Character Art by Sylvia Armitstead
Built in Tyranobuilder
Backgrounds based on photographs released under Creative Commons CC0 by Pixabay Users:
422737, donterase, ejilee, fancycrave1
funnytools, lrainero, janeb13, LilacL
Meitzke, newhouse, PublicDomainPictures, tookapic
tpsdave, TryJimmy, Unsplash, Wokandapix
Sound Effects By YouTubers:
HQSFX, Berlin Atmospheres, Sound Effects Central,
Sound Effects by Paul, SFX Planet, RoyalFree Sound
SFX Guy, Sound Effects, SFX World
Music by Newgrounds Users:
"Just Like Home Part 1" by Them Strangers
"Without You" by XaberOptix
"Sirius" by DJ GameOn
"Mechanization" by Spoonukem
"Found Lost" by SP34K3RM4N
"Fruity" by Gujit
"Purple Glass" by jonathanmlang
"The Island (You Are Getting Old)" by AnOrdinaryVision
"Summer Skyes" by Necroionutwiz
"Fallen Leaves" by EdKempeper
Special Thanks To
The English Departments at the University of Illinois and Stephen F. Austin State University
My dissertation committee members
Stephanie Foote
Lisa Nakamura
Jose Capino
and Spencer Schaffner
and also my Fields Exam Committee member
Sarah Projansky
Thank you to the folks at WisCon and the readers of my blog who followed my progress as I made this game and encouraged me to keep working on it.
Thanks to my family, my friends, and my husband for your encouragement.
And thanks to you, the player, for seeing this game through to its end!
For more games by me as well as discussions of gender, sexuality, and gaming culture, check out my website at www.megancondis.wordpress.com
Or follow me on Twitter @MeganCondis
|1 year ago
|In development
|Anime, coming-of-age, Cute, Dating Sim, Female Protagonist, Hand-drawn, LGBT, Romance, tyranobuilder, Visual Novel
|Asset license
|All rights reserved
|Average session
|About a half-hour
|Subtitles, One button
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Wow i cant believe they made a game about 500 Days of Summer
fck i fell in love w/ luca WHOOPS
and by love I meant crush and really hoping i could get to know her...the message of this game is great, albeit a bit depressing to play (though I would never do anything like the portag's drastic shit in real life)


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The 49ers won!!! Did your team win??
My team played my husbands team.. I was jumping up and down like I was a cheerleader again! I was so proud of my squad!!
I'm a 49ers fan so I was pretty happy they won :-)
My family will be happy, they like the 49ers. I think. Or was that the team where one of the players was really nasty to a bunch of other people, like walking over someone on the field who got hurt from the other team?
Hahaha! nice! I don't have a team.
Yeah i am a die hard since i was out of the womb lol my father is from California and always nick named me niner. I was very fortunate last year and my husband bought me a playoff ticket. I snuck back and met some of the niners! best day ever lol i dont think we were nasty. From what I was reading a lot of the niners and cowboys are good friends. Maybe your talking about hte Seahawks Melissa. I dispise them!! Glad you guys had a good weekend!
That's probably it Alyssa Martinez! All I know is that everyone in my family was flabbergasted over that situation.
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|Reviews for Not Quite Comfort
| Hazmatt chapter 1 . 3/23/2012
Great story! I really enjoyed it!
| TimetravelingArchaeologist chapter 1 . 12/19/2010
LOL The cigs are so ridiculously Nikola. Great story, I bet now she doesn't stay away. LOL Shes gonna think of that every time she sees him.
| melissaadams22 chapter 1 . 12/18/2010
Hey there,
*Waves at you happily* Wow I'm just exhausted from the Sanctuary mid season finale last night...WHEW...wow. At least according to the main SyFy site here in the US they're returning next year but not till April.
At least we have GREAT fan fiction like this to keep us happy though! A great little Christmas present early and I ADORED it so thank you, thank you, thank you.
| lastrequest chapter 1 . 12/17/2010
never say never Helen ;)
| Innogen chapter 1 . 12/17/2010
Oooh~ The 'S' in this story is definitely earned. I'm saving this one! Very good! As for losing his vampiric powers...Nikola always manages to get into trouble somehow. This won't stop him!
| J.Stone chapter 1 . 12/17/2010
That was awesome. Good choice by good old Helen. Much better than that ugly bald headed jerk. Great story. Thanks


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Olekoko - Gbenga Adenuga MP3
Awimayehun MP3
Ariya (Celebrations Album) - Bro Gbenga Adenuga MP3
eyin sa l'awimayehun MP3
A yoruba worship song..done by the RCCG praiseteam.
Dance with Gbenga Adenuga (Worship Medley) MP3
Everybody join/ I have joy/ Lord because of me Medley - Pastor Wale Adenuga MP3
A wonderful praise Medley from Pastor Wale's album of a truth.
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Theme: God is not a Man.
Gbenga Adenuga (Olekoko) MP3
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Endless Praise 2 - Gbenga Adenuga MP3
Gbenga Adenuga - Ariya (Audio) MP3
Gospel melody from Gbenga Adenuga. http://gbengaadenuga.com/index2.php http://olugbengaadenuga.blogspot.com/2010/06/rework-world.html.
In The Morning / My Voice - Bro Wale Adenuga (+lyrics) MP3
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Gbenga Adenuga - Ôkô ìyàwó MP3
Audio version of "Oko Iyawo" from the album "Ariya" by the sensational Gbenga Adenuga. The song is longer than this.
God & I - Gbenga Adenuga ft. Wale Adenuga MP3
Gbenga Adenuga - E Be Like Say MP3
http://PraiseSummerJam.com August 6th, 2011. Get ready as we PRAZY people take over Central New Jersey, Newark to be specify. The website goes to fan ...
Baba wa o! Wale adenuga ft Gbenga adenuga & Kunle Fadahunsi MP3
Album:Songs for Generations.
Of a truth Wale Adenuga ft Dr. Panam Percy Paul & Kunle Ajayi MP3
Album:Of a Truth Produced: Jan 1 2001.


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Can't stand doing these, but here goes - I watch loads of tv and films, play games, read loads, listen to music like everyone else haha... I play acoustic and electric guitars, and do some outdoorsy stuff - like camping, walking, rock climbing and mountain biking - when I can be bothered :)
I'm a lab technician, or at least will be on Monday.
Not going to put too much on here, we'd need something to talk about right?
Lights (best books ever), Harry Potter, The First Law Trilogy, Girls With the Dragon Tattoo, The Hobbit, The Dark Tower Series, Darkly Dreaming Dexter.
Music - Guns N' Roses, Muse, Avenged Sevenfold, My Chemical Romance, Radiohead and so on
TV Shows - Game of Thrones, The Walking Dead, Dexter, Breaking Bad, SOA, It's Always Sunny, How I Met Your Mothe...
Black Mirror gets a special mention.
Movies - Way too many to list! There will be blood, Spirited Away, Eternal Sunshine.
Gamer as well
My Guitars
My Friends
My Laptop
My Car