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Partha Sarthi Das, director in the exploration division of the oil ministry, on 25th January wrote to RIL executive director PMS Prasad saying "as on date", no dispute has arisen to warrant arbitration and the company should withdraw the notice invoking arbitration forthwith
New Delhi: The petroleum ministry has asked Reliance Industries (RIL) to immediately withdraw its arbitration notice against the proposed move to curtail cost-recovery at its KG-D6 gas fields, saying "as on date", there was no cause for such action, reports PTI.
Partha Sarthi Das, director in the exploration division of the ministry, on 25th January wrote to RIL executive director PMS Prasad saying "as on date", no dispute has arisen to warrant arbitration and the company should withdraw the notice invoking arbitration forthwith, ministry sources said.
RIL had on 24 November 2011, slapped the notice upon learning that the ministry was moving to restrict cost-recovery in the KG-D6 block after flagging gas production led to utilisation of less than half of the 80 million metric standard cubic metres per day (mmscmd) of infrastructure the company had built.
The ministry's technical advisor, the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH), advised disallowing $1.235 billion of out of the $5.7 billion expenditure already made as RIL has drilled and completed only 18 wells as against agreed the 31 wells in the block, resulting in lower gas output.
Gas production averaged 48.13 mmscmd against the target of 53.40 mmscmd in 2010-11 and 38.61 mmscmd (up to 31 October 2011), compared to the target of 61.88 mmscmd, in 2011-12.
Production of 80 mmscmd was envisaged in 2012-13.
RIL says it has not drilled the committed wells as the reservoir has not behaved as previously predicted and output dipped due to a fall in pressure and water and sand ingress in wells.
Sources said before the ministry could write to RIL on restricting cost-recovery, the company slapped the arbitration notice.
The ministry had referred the arbitration notice to the law ministry, which was of the opinion that as on date, there was no cause of action for RIL to raise a dispute (as defined in Article 33 of the Production Sharing Contract) entitling the company to refer it for arbitration.
Also, RIL did not wait for the mandatory 90 days from the date on which the dispute arose, they said, adding that the three-month period expired on 15 December 2011, and not 15 November 2011, as 'wrongfully' mentioned in the arbitration notice.
RIL had appointed SP Bharucha, former chief justice of the Supreme Court, as its arbitrator and had asked the ministry to appoint its arbitrator within 30 days.
The ministry had days before the 23rd December deadline expiry sought a one month extension to respond to the notice and after receiving the law ministry's opinion, has now written to the company saying its claims are based on surmises, conjecture and apprehensions, sources added.
It remains to be seen how RIL will respond to the ministry's letter. Under the dispute resolution process set out in the PSC, the claimant (RIL) can ask the Chief Justice of India to appoint an arbitrator on behalf of the government.
The two arbitrators would then appoint a third neutral arbitrator.
Sources said RIL, as per the revised field development plan approved in 2006, was required to drill, connect and put on stream 22 wells by 1 April 2011, with an envisaged production rate of 61.88 mmscmd and 31 wells by 1 April 2012, at an envisaged production rate of 80 mmscmd.
However, till date, it has completed the drilling of only 18 wells and out of these 18 wells too, only 13 wells are presently in operation.
The ministry and the DGH feels RIL had 'woefully' fallen short of drilling the required number of wells and/or utilising the total number of wells already drilled has taken an irreparable toll on the projected production targets.
They feel that had RIL performed its obligations under the PSC and the approved field development plan, the production rate ought to have been touching 80 mmscmd at present, rather than showing a gradual trend to decline.
Further, RIL drilled two wells in 2010-11 and another two wells in 2011-13. However, these have not been connected to production facilities, thereby resulting in less output.
The company has indicated that these wells would be completed and connected to the production facilities by mid 2013-14, which the ministry saw as clear non-compliance with the approved field development plan.
The judgement has addressed the issues of certainty and stability in a fiscal system and has rightly identified the areas for improvement for the Indian legislature to boost the confidence of foreign investors. We would now have to wait and watch to find out how the revenue authorities react to this bitter defeat in such a high profile case
For the past few days most tax professionals in the country who practice in international taxation have had only one thing on their minds—the Supreme Court's verdict in the famous Vodafone case. Financial newspapers, TV channels and various law and accounting firms in India and abroad have been talking about this decision and analyzing it at depth.
What is the big noise about? Why is it so important? How does it impact foreign direct investment (FDI) in India? What does this defeat mean for the Income Tax (I-T) department? This article seeks to answer some of these questions.
The basic issue that gave rise to this whole controversy is that a foreign company incorporated in Netherlands—Vodafone International Holdings BV (VIH) entered into a share purchase agreement with another foreign company incorporated in Cayman Islands—Hutchison Telecommunications International (HTIL) to buy one share of a third company incorporated in Cayman Islands—CGP Investments (Holdings) (CGP) for about $ 11 billion. CGP ultimately held shares in an Indian company called Vodafone Essar (VEL) which was an operating company engaged in the business of mobile telephony. The entire shareholding structure was highly complex and included about 30 companies spread across various jurisdictions.
It may be noted that there was no sale of shares of the Indian company. The Indian tax department however took a stand that in effect, what was really being sold were the underlying assets and business of the Indian company VEL and therefore, this gave rise to income that was taxable in India. Consequently, there were various repercussions on VIH and HTIL. This stand of the Indian tax department resulted in a huge demand on VIH on the ground that it had failed to deduct tax at source (known in popular Indian parlance as TDS) from the payment that it made to the seller company HTIL as required by section 195 of the Income Tax Act (ITA).
Thus this controversy had several angles to it and there were a large number of issues that the Bombay High Court and now the Supreme Court had to decide upon. The fundamental issues that were to be decided upon were:
a) Whether the sale of one share of the Cayman Islands-based company CGP was, in effect, sale of underlying assets and business interests in an Indian operating company VEL?
b) Does India have the jurisdiction to tax income/surplus arising from sale of assets not situated in India?
c) Can the provisions of Section 195 apply to a non-resident payer of income or do they apply only to resident payers?
d) Was the complex holding structure used by the Vodafone group merely a tool to avoid taxes in India?
e) Can the corporate veil be lifted to look through a particular transaction?
f) Is substance over form important in such cases or form over substance?
g) Would this be a case of tax avoidance through tax planning and therefore, it qualified to be struck down as illegal based on the Supreme Court's famous decision in the case of McDowell (rendered sometime in 1985)?
In order to understand the controversy better, it would be important to understand some of the facts and some of the tax provisions closely.
Why did the I-T department claim that the transaction gave rise to income taxable in India?
The genesis of the stand lies in section 9(1)(i) of the ITA which states that "all income accruing or arising, whether directly or indirectly, through or from any business connection in India, or through or from any property in India, or through or from any asset or source of income in India or through the transfer of a capital asset situate in India" would be deemed to accrue or arise in India. And such income would be chargeable to tax in India.
The I-T department took a stand that the Cayman Islands-based company CGP (whose single share was being sold) was the ultimate holding company of VEL in India. The huge amount that was being paid ostensibly for that one single share was actually being paid for the value of the assets and business of VEL. Therefore, there was an indirect transfer of assets situated in India. Accordingly, as per the Indian tax authorities, this sale gave rise to income that could be said to have accrued or arisen in India and which was therefore chargeable to tax in India.
Here the main issue in dispute is whether section 9(1)(i) covered in its purview income accruing or arising indirectly in India or whether the term 'indirectly' was also qua the term "through the transfer of a capital asset situate in India". The I-T department was of the view that because there was an indirect transfer of assets and business interests that were located in India, section 9(1)(i) applied to this transaction.
How come the purchase of the share was made liable for the tax?
Under the ITA, the onus of withholding TDS is on the payer. When it comes to payments to non-residents, there is a common section—Section 195 under which deduction has to be made. As per this section, whenever a payment is to be made to a non-resident and that payment gives rise to income chargeable to tax in India, the payer is required to deduct tax at source.
In this case, the I-T department took a stand that it was necessary for VIH to deduct tax at source under Section 195 (as the purchase of one share of CGP by VIH from HTIL gave rise to capital gains chargeable to tax in India) at the time of making payment to HTIL and because this was not done, the tax was required to be recovered from VIH.
Here, the main issue in dispute was whether Section 195 applied to payments by non-residents also or whether it applied only to payments by a resident.
Dividing line between tax evasion and tax avoidance
The I-T department was of the view that the complex shareholding structure put in place to ultimately hold the shares in the Indian company VEL was employed by a clever foreign corporate house with the primary objective of avoiding tax payment in India. It was the Income Tax department's contention that the use of various tax havens/tax friendly jurisdictions (Mauritius, Cayman Islands, and Netherlands) was a part of a well thought out strategy to avoid paying tax in India.
Throughout the entire legal battle leading to the Supreme Court, there has been constant reference to three important decisions of the Supreme Court in the cases of:
It was the contention of the I-T department that in the case of McDowell, the Supreme Court had dealt with the issue of when could a case of tax avoidance be brought under the tax net. It was argued by the revenue department's lawyers that the subsequent decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Azadi Bachao Andolan (ABA) needed to be overruled as it departed from the McDowell judgement. It was also stated that in the ABA case, the court did not take into consideration the observations of the Supreme Court in the case of Mathuram Agrawal.
Here, a brief reference to the case of ABA would be necessary. This was a rare case where the I-T department and the tax payer community were on the same side. They were both fighting a public interest litigation (PIL) which challenged the tax benefits being availed by Mauritius-based investors. In this case, the court ruled that the treaty was a valid document entered into by the Government of India and that if an investor had in its possession a Tax Residency Certificate duly issued by the Mauritian tax authorities, then the benefits of the treaty were available to the investor and the Indian tax authorities could not challenge the validity of the Mauritian tax residency of such an investor. It may be added that this case had put to rest a huge controversy that had arisen at that time about Mauritius-based entities and the tax exemption that they claimed in respect of capital gains earned from sale of shares of Indian companies. Ever since that decision was rendered, virtually, all Mauritian foreign institutional investors (FIIs) and investors were having a peaceful time with the Indian tax authorities and there have not been any major tax disputes since then on the issue of access to the tax treaty.
However, in the Vodafone case, the I-T department has tried to open the can of worms again and has tried to challenge the Supreme Court's decision by referring to the other two decisions.
The main argument of the tax authorities before the Supreme Court in this case was that the maze of holding and subsidiary companies present only proved that the whole structure was put in place with an intention to avoid payment of tax in India. Consequently, based on the McDowell's case, the same should be "looked through" instead of being merely "looked at". If this was done, then it would be obvious that finally, what was being sold were the assets and business interest in VEL which was an Indian company. By "looking through" the structure, the tax department wanted the court to pierce the corporate veil and go deeper right up to the ultimate subsidiary company i.e. VEL.
Thus, there were a large number of very important issues before the Supreme Court. The stakes too were substantially high and this case had become the talk of the international community with most international tax conferences having speakers referring to it. For the I-T department, victory in this case would have boosted its sagging revenue collections and would have also given it the moral support and strength to pursue a whole host of other high-profile and high stakes M&A transactions and try to extract its pound of flesh from the big money that is being exchanged for taking over lucrative Indian business arms of multinational companies.
Supreme Court's verdict
The Supreme Court bench which heard this case comprised of three judges—justice SH Kapadia the Chief Justice of India, justice KS Radhakrishnan and justice Swatanter Kumar. The hearing of the case lasted for several weeks and the judges took their own time to finally decide the case. On 20 January 2012, justice Kapadia read out the judgement that was finalized by him and justice Swatanter Kumar. In a surprising development, justice Radhakrishnan passed a separate order in which he finally concurred with the two-judge order.
In effect, the Supreme Court judges have held in favour of VIH and have ruled that the sale of one share of CGP by HTIL to VIH did not give rise to capital gains that was chargeable to tax in India and accordingly, VIH was not liable to deduct tax at source from the payment made by it to HTIL.
The gist of the Supreme Court's orders on the important principles and issues raised in appeal is as under.
Azadi Bachao Andolan vs McDowell and McDowell vs Mathuram Agrawal
The Supreme Court has rightly interpreted and reconciled the decisions in the case of Azadi Bachao Andolan, McDowell and Mathuram Agrawal on the concept of tax avoidance/tax evasion.
The English courts in the case of Commissioner of Inland Revenue vs His Grace the Duke of Westminster and WT Ramsay vs Inland Revenue Commissioner have laid principles on the concept of tax avoidance / tax evasion. The Westminster principle states that "given that a document or transaction is genuine, the court cannot go behind it to some supposed underlying substance". The said principle has been reiterated in subsequent English courts judgements as "the cardinal principle".
11935 All E.R. 259
21981 1 All E.R. 865
In the case of Ramsay, the House of Lords had held that the transaction should be fiscally nullified if the same are entered through a colourable device. It was also held that the court has to look at a document or a transaction in the context to which it properly belongs. It is the task of the court to ascertain the legal nature of the transaction and while doing so it has to look at the entire transaction as a whole and not to adopt a dissecting approach.
Based on the above principles, the apex court in the case of McDowell, relying on the English case of Ramsay, held that where there are artificial and colourable devices adopted by the taxpayer to avoid tax then the same should be ignored and the corporate veil should be lifted.
Whereas the Supreme Court in the case of Azadi Bachao Andolan had held that legitimate tax planning is permissible and the same cannot be ignored merely because the taxpayer has so arranged its affairs to minimize its tax cost.
The Supreme Court has rightly reconciled both the apex court decisions and has held that where the taxpayer has done legitimate tax planning then it is unjust to hold the same to be illegitimate or illegal or impermissible merely because tax is minimized. Further, it has been held that where the taxpayer has arranged its affairs through the use of colourable device or by resorting to dubious methods and subterfuges to minimize tax then the revenue authorities have every right to lift the corporate veil.
Applicability of Section 9(1)(i)—Does it includes indirect transfer of capital assets /property situated in India?
On the issue of applying section 9(1)(i) of the ITA, the revenue authorities contended that under section 9(1)(i) they can "look through" the transfer of shares of a foreign company holding shares in an Indian company and treat the transfer of shares of the foreign company as equivalent to the transfer of shares of the Indian company on the premise that section 9(1)(i) covers direct and indirect transfers of capital assets.
The Supreme Court has analyzed the said section 9(1)(i) and has held that charge on capital gains arises on transfer of a capital asset situate in India. The said sub-clause consists of three elements, namely, transfer, existence of a capital asset and situation of capital asset in India. All three elements must exist together for an income to accrue or arise in India.
The court has given a categorical finding that section 9(1)(i) of the ITA does not cover indirect transfers and that the words "directly or indirectly" used in section 163 read with section 9(1)(i) go with the income and not with the transfer of a capital asset. Further, the legislation has not used the words indirect transfer in section 9(1)(i) and therefore, adopting the 'look through' principle would amount to legislation by the courts.
Interestingly, the court has gone on to state that the legislature in its wisdom has proposed to cover indirect transfer of capital asset under the proposed Direct Tax Code. This proposal indicates that indirect transfers are not covered by the existing section 9(1)(i) of the ITA.
3Section 163 of the ITA deals with persons treated as agents of non-resident in India.
The Supreme Court has given a food for thought to the Indian legislature to provide "look through" provisions either in the statute or in the treaty to cover such situations. According to the court, applying the "look through" provisions is a matter of policy and the same should be expressly provided and cannot be read into the provision on the basis of purpose construction.
Recognition of Holding Structure
The Supreme Court has aptly recognized the holding company structure which has been accepted not only internationally but also under the Indian Companies Act as well as the ITA. The approach of both the corporate and tax laws, particularly in the matter of corporate taxation, generally is founded on the separate entity principle i.e. to treat a company as a separate person for tax purposes. Further, under the tax treaty, a subsidiary and its parent are also totally separate and distinct tax payers.
The apex court has accepted the need for corporate structures which are created for genuine business purpose at the time when investment is being made or further investments are being made or when a group is undergoing overall or financial restructuring or when operations such as consolidation are being carried out to clean defused or over-diversified interests. Sound commercial reasons like hedging business risk, hedging political risk, mobility of investment, ability to raise loans from diverse investment often underlie creation of such structures.
The court has further stated that in transnational investments, the use of a tax neutral and investor friendly countries to establish SPV is motivated by the need to create a tax efficient structure to eliminate double taxation wherever possible and also plan their activities attracting no or lesser tax so as to give maximum benefit to the investors and that it is a common practice in international law, which is the basis of international taxation, for foreign investors to invest in Indian companies through an interposed foreign holding or operating company such as Cayman Islands or Mauritius based company for both tax and business purposes. In doing so, foreign investors are able to avoid the lengthy approval and registration processes required for a direct transfer (i.e. without a foreign holding or operating company) of an equity interest in a foreign invested Indian company.
The Supreme Court had applied the "look at" concept enunciated in Ramsay in which it was held that the revenue authorities or the court must look at a document or a transaction in the context to which it properly belongs to. It is the task of the revenue department/court to ascertain the legal nature of the transaction and while doing so it has to look at the entire transaction as a whole and not to adopt a dissecting approach. The Revenue cannot start with a question as to whether the impugned transaction is a tax deferment /saving device but that it should apply the "look at" test to ascertain its true legal nature.
Applying the above test, the Supreme Court is of the view that every strategic foreign direct investment coming to India, as an investment destination, should be seen in a holistic manner. While doing so, the revenue department/courts should keep in mind the following factors:
The onus is on the revenue department to identify the scheme and its dominant purpose to prove that the impugned transaction is undertaken as a colourable or artificial device to avoid tax.
Taxability of the transaction in India
Based on the above facts, the court finally held that the transaction of sale of one share of CGP by HTIL to VIL was not subject to tax in India by the Indian tax authorities.
Application of section 195 to a non-resident payer
The Supreme Court has held that Section 195 applies to a resident payer in respect of payments made to a non-resident and that it cannot be applied to a non-resident payer. Accordingly, the court has held that VIH cannot be held liable for deduction of tax at source from payment made to HTIL. Also, in any case, since the court held that the transaction did not give rise to any income accruing or arising in India, the question of applying section 195 to such a transaction did not arise.
The Supreme Court has laid down some far reaching principles relating to international taxation. An important point that the court appears to have highlighted to the Government of India is to bring about a semblance of certainty in tax laws. This decision of the Supreme Court should be read and appreciated in the context of the recent aggression that the I-T department has displayed while completing assessments of various tax payers. Whether it is a multinational as is the case in the Vodafone situation or whether it is a local company or an individual, the common thread that runs across most completed assessments is of aggression and belligerence. It would not be an exaggeration to state that most assessments completed in the country result in disallowances and additions to the income returned by the tax payer. This, in turn, has the effect of large demands being raised against the tax payers—of tax, interest and penalty. The Vodafone case is symptomatic of this aggression. It is only in recent times that our I-T department has got ambitions of taxing extra-terrestrial transactions. This would rarely have happened 10 years back. But today, it's a different story. Those tax payers who take their tax returns lightly and pay scant attention to what is stated in the cumbersome tax return forms that the government has prescribed are only putting their peace of mind in jeopardy. Today, the Income Tax Act is relatively a simple Act and there is hardly any scope for ingenious tax planning. In this scenario, if a tax payer attempts to cut corners or to put in place complex structures to avoid taxes, he would only be inviting a long drawn litigation. Only the brave-hearts and the ones with deep pockets can afford to litigate in our country.
In conclusion, it can be definitely said that this is one of the landmark and exceptional judgements passed by the Indian judiciary and for the time being, seems to have salvaged the faith of foreign investors in the Indian judicial system. The judgement has addressed the issues of certainty and stability in a fiscal system and has rightly identified the areas for improvement for the Indian legislature to boost the confidence of foreign investors. We would now have to wait and watch to find out how the revenue authorities react to this bitter defeat in such a high profile case. It may not be out of place to mention here that history is replete with examples of retrospective amendments carried out in the law with a view to nullify the judgements passed by the courts. It would be a matter of great shame for the country if, in this case too, the finance ministry gets tempted to strike down a sensible and reasoned order by amending the law retrospectively.
(The author is a partner of Sudit K Parekh & Co)
The multi-lingual website addresses the latent communication need of large Indian population whose usage of internet is increasing rapidly.
SBI Life Insurance, a leading new generation life insurer, has launched multi-lingual website in key nine Indian languages, namely, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Kannada and Punjabi. This is the first of its kind across the Indian financial sector. The multi-lingual website addresses the latent communication need of large Indian population whose usage of internet is increasing rapidly.
Life Insurance companies restructure their communication platforms to woo insurable population in smaller towns by launching multi-lingual websites.
Internet usage is fast gaining popularity in smaller towns in India. More and more people are using the power of internet in these towns. While there is connectivity and accessibility in these areas, language is a major barrier considering the low usage and understanding of English. Financial sector companies, especially life insurance companies are tapping this large insurable population by offering multi-lingual websites. SBI Life is the first life insurance company to re-launch its user-friendly website in 9 regional languages.
While wooing the population in smaller towns, insurance companies are also trying to attract the large Gen-Next by having their presence on the popular social network. Today's young generation spends almost 5-6 hours in a day on social networking site. This is the place where they are the most active.


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The thing is, while that may be what's best for me in the long-term, I really don't feel like it is. This whole thing is pretty recent, and pretty new, and we got along pretty well for a very long time before this, and we still get along pretty well, just being depressed while getting along.
I really don't want that to be the answer, especially not now, especially not just after we got a brand new apartment together, in the city, and are moving there April 15th. Especially not after she has found a life she can be happy with, for the most part (provided she keeps it free of this kind of drama), friends she can trust, and is doing what she loves. Especially not after I've supported her through all her growth thus far. Especially not because she and I plan on building a spaceship together someday.
There is so much more to lose by leaving her than I could possibly gain. I really think she is the best person in the world for me, and I know I won't be happier with anybody else, I just need to work some things out with her and learn to accept her for who she is, the person I love, instead of trying to change her into somebody else.
I really don't know. Oh boy, is there ever going to be a huge talk about all of this. Big talks have pretty much been the order of the day for the last week. Until yesterday, when big talks became too tiring to go through, and so they happen in pieces instead of all at once. And I feel I should make it clear that I'm the one starting the big talks. This isn't a nagging wife sort of thing. It's me deciding I have too many conflicting emotions and thoughts and am perceiving too many problems with the way things work, and that I need to talk about them, or else I'll just sit there, building a huge depression, becoming irrationally angry at work when on the phone with customers, and all sorts of other things I would like to avoid. I'm talking so I can avoid further problems. I'm attacking what I see as the cause of particular emotions and trying to root them out so they can fade away, and I wish she would introspect like me and do the same, so we can both heal. But I need to do it for her, because she is tired of having feelings and spends most of her time dissociated or trying to dissociate so she doesn't have to deal with the overwhelming soul-crushing pain.
I think maybe after some reorganising and after we get settled in our new place and get a new, better schedule going, maybe we can figure things out and make this work. I really do appreciate your advice, and I do feel it. I agree with your ideas, as they are what I would tell anyone else in my situation as well...but I just can't leave her. We got married for a reason. And she promised me I would never have to go through a divorce, which was the one thing keeping me from marrying her -- the fear that I would end up just like everybody else who gets married: divorced. I wanted to avoid marriage altogether, but to be honest, the benefits are great enough that combined with the promise of never getting divorced, I feel pretty secure. I know she won't leave me for other guys, but she might leave me mentally, emotionally, and spiritually, and that's what I'm afraid of. She might still come home to me on occasion, but I'm afraid she'll grow away from needing me and find her happiness amongst the shared admiration of several other men and women, and no longer need me for the purpose of anything other than physical stability.
I am so full of fear. I would make a horrible Jedi trainee.
Last edited by SimpleSimian; 04-06-2010 at 03:38 PM.
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Back in the 8- and 16-bit days, Mario and Sonic were the bitterest of rivals, as a consequence of their representative duties for Nintendo and Sega – who were then locked into a fierce battle for supremacy in the console market.
Then Sega's Dreamcast flopped, and it opted to retire from the thankless business of making hardware. But it was the lure of a big, fat official Olympic Games licence that finally finessed their rapprochement just under four years ago.
The resulting Mario & Sonic at the Olympics arrived when the legions of early-adopting Wii owners had played the console's launch line-up to death, and it was a smash hit. Now, with the Wii's replacement looming, the fun-loving duo are returning for what will surely constitute an appropriate last hurrah for Nintendo's mould-breaking console (although they have another foot firmly in the present, as Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games will also appear on the 3DS).
Hands-on with the Wii
We were given the chance to play several of the events on both versions of the game in the suitably bombastic surroundings of the Tower of London. On the Wii, it was instantly obvious that the tried-and-tested Mario & Sonic formula hasn't been subjected to any dubious meddling. As ever, you take part in mini-games based on real Olympic events, as well as "Dream" events which take the merest inspiration from anything recognisably sporting but display more inventive gameplay.
Sega was at pains to point out that it has striven to differentiate London 2012 from the original game, and the events we played were all new. First up was Equestrian, taking place in a facsimile of Greenwich Park. This involved holding the Wiimote horizontally, tilting it to turn, shaking it to speed up (if you attempted too tight a turn at too high a speed, you fell off) and timing the jumps, before a sprint-finish. Not particularly demanding, but fun within the game's family-friendly context.
Canoeing was a timing game, best played with two players per canoe – most of the events allow four-player co-operative play, many simultaneously, although some (like Equestrian) dictate that participants take turns. Badminton felt like a potential four-player co-op favourite, closely resembling Mario Tennis, complete with the ability to choose from a massive roster of Sega and Nintendo characters, each with a quirky powered-up smash that required forcing your opponent onto the defensive and timing your Wii remote-waggle precisely.
The two Dream events we played were much more left-field. Dream Discus turned out to be an on-rails flying-and-collecting game not unlike something from the realms of recent Sonic games – whatever character you choose stands on a discus and is fired along a course. Forward movement was automatic, although you could move left and right, in order to pick up rings, avoid obstacles and jostle your fellow players. It was another game at its best played by four people, although bots are substituted for humans if it's just you at the controls.
Dream Long Jump was an intriguing side-scrolling platform effort, in which competitors strive to get the furthest distance into a long side-scrolling level, by jumping on clouds, balloons and the like, and avoiding the inevitable giant, slow-moving bullets. Extra spice was added by several means of hampering your competitors' efforts – by, for example, jumping on larger clouds and causing them to break up, or jumping onto thunderclouds and unleashing lighting bursts.
Hands-on with the 3DS
On the 3DS, a similar format prevailed, but it became instantly clear that the two versions were developed independently, with no duplication of events. Naturally, many availed themselves of the 3DS's unique attributes, especially the motion-sensors. At times, there were pleasant echoes of WarioWare.
Judo was the first game on offer – essentially a beat-em-up given a rock-paper-scissors mechanic. Rowing was another timing-based effort that required rotating the analogue circle-pad – simple but surprisingly enjoyable.
Balance Beam was rather more inventive, requiring you to trace shapes by tilting the 3DS (rather like one of those Labyrinth games), in order to pull off moves. Breaststroke used the 3DS's microphone, encouraging you to blow into it whenever your character's head surfaced – definitely not one to play on public transport.
And Race Walk, that most ludicrous of sporting events, was perhaps the most compelling of all the games on show, as you had to move the stylus from side to side in time with music, which hilariously broke down if you faltered.
What do we think?
Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games is a comfort-blanket of a game, and we mean that in a complimentary way. It won't win any prizes for advancing the cause of games in general, nor should it try to do so. But it is infinitely reassuring, especially for we Brits, with its recognisable London backdrops.
On the Wii, it provides a last fix of that classic, family and party-friendly gameplay which the console is all about – and, this time around, even the more hardcore gamers might be pleasantly surprised by some of the retro-inspired Dream Events.
On the 3DS, it provides a modicum of inventiveness, too. Once again, Mario and Sonic have got together to front what will surely be a big hit.


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Warren Johnson's GM Performance Parts GTO Runs Fastest Four Speeds At Pontiac Pro Stock Showdown Professor Posts First Runner-Up of 2006 LAS VEGAS, Feb. 4, 2006 - With the brilliant sunshine that rained down on The Strip at Las Vegas Motor ...
Warren Johnson's GM Performance Parts GTO Runs Fastest Four Speeds At Pontiac Pro Stock Showdown
Professor Posts First Runner-Up of 2006
LAS VEGAS, Feb. 4, 2006 - With the brilliant sunshine that rained down on The Strip at Las Vegas Motor Speedway this weekend, you could not have asked for a better setting in which to run the inaugural Pontiac Pro Stock Showdown. And with all the winning names and teams that were listed on the scorecard, the fans attending today's last-chance test session were treated to a fabulous afternoon of pre-season competition.
Warren Johnson will head into the start of the new season next week at Pomona Raceway with a runner-up finish already in his pocket. Johnson advanced to the finals before losing to Larry Morgan in the championship heat.
The six-time NHRA champion turned in a strong performance by posting the top speed in all four rounds of the eliminator and the four fastest speeds of the meet. Johnson defeated Mike Thomas in round one with a 6.770 e.t. at 203.80 mph, Allen Johnson in round two with a 6.774 e.t. at 203.55 mph, and Dave Connolly in round three with a 6.782 e.t. at 203.95 mph (top speed of the meet). In the final, Johnson red lit by .022 of a second, but his Pontiac GTO still blistered the Las Vegas quarter mile with a 6.802 e.t at 203.80 mph. Morgan got loose at halftrack and coasted to a winning 7.747 second e.t. at 131.84 mph.
"We have some stuff we have to address on Sunday, but if we get the 60-foot situation fixed, the GM Performance Parts Pontiac will really be fast," said Johnson. "It outruns everybody on the backhalf by two-hundredths. It's about a hundredth slow at 60, and that hurts the 330, but by the time you get to 330 it's already starting to make it up. We have to get that starting line to 60, and then 60 to 330, straightened out. It's just something we have to fix.
"We've basically been working on the engine tune up for the last couple of days. The speed stayed where it needed to be, we just have to work on our starting line e.t. and then we'll be in good shape. We have a couple of motors we're probably going to run and we may even be out here on Monday - we're not leaving until Tuesday. We have a lot of things we have to address."
A pair of drivers in GM-branded cars advanced to the semifinal round including Johnson, and Dave Connolly in a Chevy Cobalt. Johnson advanced to round three by defeating Mike Thomas in the first heat and Allen Johnson in the second session. Connolly knocked off May Naylor in round one and Jim Yates in round two.
"There were a lot of little things during the offseason that we sorted out on the racecar," said Connolly. "They were small problems that appear to have been fixed because our Chevy Cobalt seems to have responded. The car is running good down low and good speed at the top end. Horsepower is definitely a key ingredient in this class and our program with Victor Cagnazzi has certainly helped us."
Two rounds of qualifying set the 16-car field. Warren Johnson qualified in the No. 2 spot in the GM Performance Parts Pontiac GTO posting the fastest speed in time trials at 203.77 mph and the quickest e.t. in the second session at 6.766 seconds.
"It's been a productive off season," said Johnson. "I took some well spent time away from the shop in November to visit the troops in Germany, and after that, hardly anyone from the crew or in the shop missed a day. It was a non-stop effort and it shows by the way we've picked up the pace."
Dave Connolly had the quickest Chevrolet in the field parking his Cobalt in the No. 3 position with a 6.769 e.t. at 203.25 mph. Greg Stanfield qualified fifth in a GTO, Jim Yates was sixth in a GTO, Rickie Smith was seventh in a Cobalt, and Kurt Johnson in the ACDelco Chevrolet rounded out the top half of the field in the No. 8 position.
Greg Anderson qualified ninth in the Summit Racing Pontiac GTO, Ron Krisher was 11th in a Cobalt, Mark Pawuk was 12th in a GTO, Erica Enders was 13th in a Cobalt, Bob Panella was 14th in a Cobalt and Mike Edwards was 15th in a GTO. Richie Stevens was the No. 1 qualifier in a Dodge running 6.757 seconds at 203.19 mph.
"Obviously, we should have been here yesterday," said Anderson. "We needed the track time on this Summit Racing Pontiac. We didn't come here in race mode, we came here to test. We know we're going to stay four more days to test. We weren't ready for racing. We made some mistakes and the car wasn't ready for this race track. The car hasn't been happy all day today. We need to make it happy and then it will be fine."
The CARQUEST Winternationals on Feb. 9 - 12 at Pomona Raceway in Pomona, Calif., is the first race on the 23-event NHRA POWERade schedule. Qualifying can be seen on ESPN2 on Saturday, Feb. 11, beginning at 10 p.m. Eastern. A three-hour telecast of final eliminations can be seen on ESPN2 on Sunday, Feb. 12, starting at 7:30 p.m. Eastern.
-gm racing-


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Put your music player, whatever it is, on random or shuffled play.
Answer these questions with the song you get when you hit the skip button!
Note: some songs will make sense, others won't. Don't Cheat!
Which song describes the mood you are in right now?
Tear Down the Walls
Which song describes your usual mood?
lol, I'm not an Emo or something :D
Which song describes one of your favorites things to do?
Which song describes something else you like to do?
I Disappear
Which song explains the way you think about love?
Dirty Dog
What would you sing to your soulmate right now?
Weapon of Vanity
"So now - let me get a single minute of your precious time"
Which song best represents you?
Not Blaming You
It's a song from a local band.
Which song describes your sexual preference?
Which song describes what would occur between you and a prostitute?


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Republicans called on President Obama Saturday to send three pending free trade agreements to the Senate for immediate approval.
Obama is in favor of the deals with South Korea, Colombia and Panama, which have been renegotiated since the George W. Bush administration. But he also wants approval of Trade Adjustment Assistance funding for Americans hurt by trade deals.
"TAA can be addressed separately in the context of Trade Promotion Authority, as it generally has been in the past since 1974," Sen. John Hoeven of North Dakota said in the Republicans' weekly radio address.
"For the good of our economy -- and our country -- he needs to send these free trade agreements to the U.S. Senate for approval now, so that U.S. workers and businesses can begin to realize their benefits."
Here's the senator's full address:
Hi, I'm Senator John Hoeven of North Dakota, and I'd like to talk to you today about our nation's fiscal challenges -- in particular, about the vital role that international trade can play to help us create jobs and reduce our deficit.
Almost exactly 100 years ago, at the start of another century, President Theodore Roosevelt launched a U.S. Navy mission known as the Great White Fleet on a voyage around the world.
It was a show of American strength, but it was also a show of American goodwill and prosperity. That voyage would open the doors of trade with the vast, untapped markets of Asia, and help usher in what became known as the 'American Century'.
President Roosevelt's leadership put the world on notice that the United States of America -- with the freest, most dynamic economy the world had ever seen -- was open for business.
It's a legacy felt to this day - but a legacy now in jeopardy.
We're all keenly aware of just how serious our nation's current fiscal situation is. No American family could spend 60 percent more than it's taking in and survive -- no less prosper -- but that's exactly what our country is doing.
The result is a $1.5 trillion deficit, and a $14 trillion debt that is dragging down our economy and burdening us and our children.
To put all that in human terms, nearly 14 million of our fellow Americans are without a paycheck, and they have been for some time.
To turn that around, our country needs the kind of pro-jobs, pro-growth policies that will help us live up to our vision of a strong, peaceful, prosperous America.
We have an opportunity right now to advance that vision and jump-start the nation's economy. Robust international trade can help us do it, and we can start by ratifying long-pending free-trade agreements with South Korea, Colombia and Panama.
All of these agreements have been languishing for years, but with a 9.1 percent unemployment rate, and a spiraling deficit, the president can no longer hold these agreements back. Currently, he is holding them up in order to negotiate the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program. TAA can be addressed separately in the context of Trade Promotion Authority, as it generally has been in the past since 1974.
For the good of our economy -- and our country -- he needs to send these free trade agreements to the U.S. Senate for approval now, so that U.S. workers and businesses can begin to realize their benefits.
You know, I recently had an opportunity to travel to South Korea with Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and a group of senators to meet with President Lee Myung Bak and prominent Korean business leaders about the U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement.
President Lee said he believes Korean lawmakers will approve the free trade agreement, but they're waiting for America to lead the way.
They want and expect us to lead the way because -- to South Korea and nations around the world -- America has always been a beacon of liberty and opportunity.
Nearly everyone we spoke with in Korea -- on the street or the meeting room -- expressed their deep appreciation to the United States, and especially to our military and our veterans.
They're keenly aware that U.S. service members sacrificed so much to give them a free society and a free-market economy where they could pursue their dreams.
South Korea is now a prosperous, modern nation, with a $1 trillion economy, and 49 million consumers, in large part because American service members won and now help preserve the peace. Korea is the 15th largest economy in the world, and our country's 7th largest trading partner.
Per capita income in South Korea today is more than $20,000 annually. In communist North Korea? Just over $1,000 annually. A free and open economy made the difference.
Today, again, America needs to lead the way, starting with the president.
The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement will eliminate or reduce more than 85 percent of the tariffs between the United States and Korea, including the eventual elimination of a 40 percent Korean tariff on American beef.
Just one project we've been working on in my home state, a new beef processing facility, could mean a $100 million investment in our economy and 500 new jobs. In North Dakota that's a big deal.
But these free trade agreements are an even bigger deal for America. The South Korean Free Trade Agreement alone will increase our nation's exports to that country by more than $10 billion and create 280,000 American jobs. In fact, for every 4 percent increase in American exports, we can create one million new American jobs.
The reality is that nearly 80 percent of the world's purchasing power lies outside the United States, and if we don't tap those markets, others will.
Free and fair trade agreements can help us create the kind of pro-jobs, pro-growth economy that will lift our nation up. Good fiscal control and a legal tax, and regulatory environment that promotes private investment and business innovation, can help us to create jobs, grow our economy and reduce our deficit.
We need to build on the legacy of President Roosevelt's Great White Fleet by ratifying these free trade agreements, so that instead of a debt, we can leave our children a bright, dynamic future.
Thank you, and God bless.
David's journalism career spans three decades, including coverage of five presidential elections, the Oklahoma City bombing, the 2000 Florida presidential recount and the 9/11 terrorist attacks. He has covered the White House for USA TODAY since 2005. His interests include history, politics, books, movies and college football -- not necessarily in that order. More about David
Follow the Oval on Twitter: @The Oval, @djusatoday.
Also contributing to the Oval: Richard Wolf @richardjwolf; Aamer Madhani @AamerISmad


text: 2/18/11 2/18/11 POPSUGAR Fashion Naeem Khan Fall 2011 New York Fashion Week: Naeem Khan Naeem Khan Fall 2011 February 18, 2011 by POPSUGAR Fashion News 2.6K Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. View on One Page Photo 0 of 37 Start Slideshow ADVERTISEMENT () Share This Link Copy What's Your Reaction? Thanks for your reaction Don't forget to share this with your friends! ← Use Arrows Keys → 0 Naeem Khan Fall 2011 Previous Next 2011 Fall New York Fashion Week Gallery2011 Fall New York Fashion Week2011 Fall Fashion Week2011 Fall2011 New York Fashion Week2011 Fashion WeekNaeem KhanNew York Fashion Week


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Energy Harvesting System in Laptops using Piezoelectric Charge Generation Nowadays, power usage is becoming predominant when compared to the past and at the same time, it becomes challenging to satisfy the user's needs with available power. Introduction In today's generation, laptops are the necessities to every individual either in their offices or in schools. Laptops Piezoelectric Material Piezoelectric materials are most competitive materials for harvesting power from ambient vibration sources due to the high conversion efficiency from mechanical strain to an electrical energy Piezoelectric effect is expressed in single crystals, ceramics, polymers, composites, thin-films and relaxor-type ferroelectric materials, but the majority of the energy harvesting devices fabricated in the past work have been made up of polymers (PVDF) and ceramics (lead zirconate-lead titanate, PZT). Piezoelectric Effect Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has emerged in recent years as a promising multifunctional material for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) because of its ferroelectric and ceramic-like mechanical behavior. PZT materials exhibit greater sensitivity and have a higher operating temperature. PZT Objectives To design a rectifier that converts AC source to DC source from the piezoelectric charge mounted on the keyboard. Objective 1: To design a voltage multiplier that converts small AC source to a higher DC source in order to charge the battery. Objective 2: To know how much charge the battery could be obtain to the keyboard. Objective 3: Scope and Delimitation Focuses on a laptop that has a 9-Cell Li-Ion battery to be specific for future experimentation. It cannot turn the laptop on by just typing into the keyboard even though piezoelectric materials are mounted below the keys of the keyboard. From objective 3: Methodology We will conduct measurements on our PZT's generated voltage (AC).
From objective 1: Running a simulation voltage multiplier.
From objective 2: Using DMM, measure the acquired energy.
Test of Methodology To design a rectifier that converts AC source to DC source from the piezoelectric charge mounted on the keyboard.
From objective 1: To design a voltage multiplier that converts small AC source to a higher DC source in order to change the battery.
From objective 2: To know how much charge the battery could be obtain to the keyboard.
From objective 3: Circuit of a Multiplier Circuit of a Rectifier Conceptual Framework typing the keyboard piezoelectric device system's circuitry storage element
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Energy Harvesting System in Laptops using Piezoelectric Charge Generation
Kimberly Villanuevaon 13 September 2012
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|Specific References
|Related Products
|IL3RA, RP11-261P4.2, CD123, IL3R, IL3RAY, IL3RX, IL3RY, MGC34174, hIL-3Ra
|A DNA sequence encoding the human IL3RA (NP_002174.1) extracellular domain (Met 1-Arg 305) was expressed, with a C-terminal polyhistidine tag.
|Human Cells
|In general, recombinant proteins are provided as lyophilized powder which are shipped at ambient temperature.
Bulk packages of recombinant proteins are provided as frozen liquid. They are shipped out with blue ice unless customers require otherwise.
|> 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
|Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA . Immobilized human IL3 at 20 μg/ml (100 μl/well) can bind biotinylated human IL3RA with a linear ranger of 0.32-1.6 μg/ml.
|< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
|Samples are stable for up to twelve months from date of receipt at -70℃
|Thr 19
|The secreted recombinant human IL3RA comprises 298 amino acids and has a predicted molecular mass of 34.5 kDa. As a result of glycosylation, the apparent molecular mass of rh IL3RA is approximately 50-60 kDa in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
|Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4
1. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose and mannitol are added as protectants before lyophilization. Specific concentrations are included in the hardcopy of COA.
2. Please contact us for any concerns or special requirements.
|Store it under sterile conditions at -20℃ to -80℃. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|A hardcopy of COA with reconstitution instruction is sent along with the products. Please refer to it for detailed information.
Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha, also known as IL-3 receptor subunit alpha, IL-3R-alpha, CD123, and IL3RA, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and Type 5 subfamily. The specific alpha subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3Ralpha, CD123) is strongly expressed in various leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells and seems to be an excellent target for the therapy of leukemias. The WSXWS motif of IL3RA appears to be necessary for proper protein folding and thereby efficient intracellular transport and cell-surface receptor binding. The box one motif of IL3RA is required for JAK interaction and / or activation. IL3RA represents a unique marker for primitive leukemic stem cells. Targeting of IL3RA may be a promising strategy for the preferential ablation of AML cells. Aberrant IL3RA expression is a good marker for monitoring of minimal residual disease. IL3RA is strongly expressed in various leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells and seems to be an excellent target for the therapy of leukemias. Recent studies have shown that interleukin-3 receptor alpha (CD123) is highly expressed on leukemia stem cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and is correlated with tumor load and poor prognosis. CD123 was highly expressed in the bone marrow of the patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), significantly correlated with the proportion of bone marrow blasts, and thus might be the marker of MDS malignant clone. IL3RA is also a useful new marker for distinguishing B-cell disorders with circulating villous lymphocytes as its expression is characteristic of typical hairy cell leukemia (HCL) with high sensitivity and specificity.
|Product name
|Product name


text:
Captain Glur is a boss and a villain in the game Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg.
Captain glur is a crow taking the form of an angler fish dressed as a pirate.
Captain Glur was one of the crow bosses sent by Dark Raven to take over a region of Morning Land, he was tasked with Pirate Islands. He and his minions succesfully took over Pirate Island and sealed the elder in a golden egg.
When Billy came through, Billy freed the elder and thus brought morning to Pirate Island, after this, Billy fought through Captain Glur's minions and made his way to Captain Glur's hideout. Once Billy entered, Captain Glur rose out of a puddle of water on the ground and laughed at billy.
Captain Glur attack by using his water cannon to shoot Billy, after shooting at Billy several times he would instead shoot at several different places on the ground to create puddles, once he did this he would laugh and jump in one of them at random, after this he would begin jumping out of them and try landing on Billy, he was vulnerable after he had jumped out though, so Billy was able to harm him, once Captain Glur was injured enough, the puddles would dry up and Captain Glur would start the cycle again.
Once Captain Glur was defeated, he dropped to the ground and faded away, relinquishing his emblem of courage.
Captain Glur later appears as a shadow clone in the Dark Corvo boss battle, where his shadow clone would shoot homing bouncy balls out of his cannon.
Captain Glur is the second boss, the previous boss is Era Gecka and the next boss is Topo.


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To and from the airport
Arriving by car
If you intend to travel to Tegel Airport by car you will find reserved disabled parking spaces for people with special needs in the following car parks.
- Car Park P2 (six spaces)
- Car Park P5 (five spaces)
- Short-Stay Car Park (three spaces)
To get to Car Park P2, take the main access road. After the underpass keep to the right and follow the road in a full semicircle at ground level until you reach Car Park P2 behind Terminal D on the right side.
To get to Car Park P5 take the central access road to Tegel Airport. After the underpass stay in the right-hand lane at ground level. After a very short distance you will see Car Park P5 on the right side.


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I love to help people achieve something.
I do this by designing solutions that solve real problems through user-centred design.
I'm a Founder and the UX Director of Triple Double, a studio I run with my brother Paul.
I'm a UX (user experience) consultant, designer, speaker, mentor and blogger living in London, UK.
Design is communication, so I work with companies and teams to help them design products and services that speak to people in a human way. The driving force in what I do is the impact that design has on people. There's a lot be said for design that ignores people – people will ignore it.
Who have I worked with?
I've helped startups, multinationals, agencies and brands with their digital products and services
These include the BFI, General Assembly, Milkshake Tidalwave, Depop, JUST EAT, Havas Media, KIA, Inmarsat, Emirates, Camelot (The National Lottery), Unilever, Hyundai, Time Out, The Guardian, Hilton International and The Virgin Group.
My skills and services include information architecture and user journeys all the way through to usability reviews, interactive prototypes and UI design. These can be applied to the strategy for the launch of a startup or business who want to engage and attract customers all the way through to native apps for iOS and Android and responsive web design.
Being effective is doing the right things for your business, so I never approach a project with a cookie cutter solution.
I run UX workshops in London for businesses who want to improve the user experience and design of their products and services.
I share my experiences, thoughts and opinions
I write about user experience on my blog, and also for the Simple=Human publication with my friend Adam Silver. Every Sunday I curate and send my weekly email which contains 5 of my favourite UX, UI and product design links from the week
What's it like to work with me?
Recommendations are a very important part of growing my personal network. Read what people have said when working with me on past projects.
Have a design challenge that you'd like help with?
Drop me a line and let's discuss how design can help your business – Get in touch


text:
tel +44 (0)1908 865656
email firstname.lastname@example.com
As IP Sales Manager, Martin's remit is to develop SIS LIVE's innovative Internet Protocol sales strategy to promote both short term and long term growth through new business as well as securing current revenue streams by developing relationships with our key customers in existing and new markets.
He has over 25 years' experience in broadcast television, working for 10 years as a Facilities Manager at a London based Independent TV company on tv shows for Channel 4 and BBC. He then joined BBC Resources working as a Sales Executive at BBC Central Sales & Marketing where he built an extensive knowledge of Studios, Post Production, Graphic Design, Visual FX, Feature Film and Broadcast Presentation.
Later Martin moved to BBC Outside Broadcasts as an Account Executive working on various series with the following broadcasters BBC, ITV, SKY, ITN, S4C, NHK, Canal + & beIN Sport. He also account managed projects with British Museum Live to Cinema, CTN, Endemol, IMG Sprts Media, Royal Television Society, BBC Radio 1 Visualisation, Google & You Tube, Matchroom Sport, North One, Red Bull , Sunset & Vine, Twofour Productions, Universal Music and Warner Bros.
SIS LIVE Limited
Registered office: Whitehall Avenue, Kingston, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire MK10 0AX, UK
Registered number: 5075598


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Look to the woods, there you will see a silvery female staring at you with silver grey eyes. If she comes to you, you will be able to meet the pack behind her.
silver-crow-pack, look, woods, there, will, silvery, female, #staring, with, silver, grey, eyes, comes, able, meet, pack, behind
Staring: Ryan - Michael Marcus - George/Chorus #1/Newspaper Guy Tomas - Max/Chorus #2 Alex - Brian/Chorus #3
success, story, team, fierce, #staring, ryan, michael marcus, george/chorus, #1/newspaper, guy tomas, max/chorus, #2 alex, brian/chorus


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The RIG-FS700 Camera Case with interior kit is designed to carry camera rigs fully assembled or with minimal disassembly of the rig components. Ideal for mid-size rigs like the Sony NEX-FS700. This large and extremely flexible case is durable and complete with accessory items that will assure that the gear is held safely and comfortably in place. The bottom is bolstered by a layer of waterproof rubber to assist with ground protection. It's carried by its two top suede leather carry handles or removable suede leather shoulder strap.
The compartment is empty and can be configured to meet user needs using Porta Brace's included divider. Since video rigs can be heavy, the RIG-FS700 comes with a convenient rear trolley sleeve that allows to load this case on top of a rolling luggage cart (not included).
Product Benefits:


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Accommodations in KunnathurSee All
This is a comprehensive travel guide for Kunnathur in India. From budgeting tips to finding the best spots, this travel guide has got all the insider information to explore Kunnathur like a local. When planning a trip to Kunnathur, make sure you visit its near-by prime city of Munnar. Munnar is bestowed with interesting set of attractions like Tea Garden, Mattupetty Dam, Kannan Devan Tea Museum. Also, to reach Kunnathur, you'll have to take a flight to Munnar; so its not really a detour. And even if it is, the city is worth paying at least a quick visit. A holiday in Kunnathur can generally be of 1-2 days.
Don't just take a trip, let the trip take you! Have a enjoyable time at Kunnathur.
Explore the best journey planner for your visit to Kunnathur and create a flawless plan in few simple steps!


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Embarking on a grave suitability pursuit or even a voyage to vindicatory be firm can sometimes be a discouraging charge. And at several point, you've been told or detected that ingestion 5-6 constant teensy-weensy meals a day is the way to go for weight indefinite quantity or weight loss.
After moving a suitability spot and exercise forum, I see a lot of stupefied individuals who ask this totally query down going on for the 5-6 spread settlement. They have heard going on for it and impoverishment to do it but once it comes to together with calories, they are not predisposed to weigh up respectively corpuscle of rice.
And can you everlasting them?
Elements of Physiophilosophy.
Programmer's guide to the Oracle call interface
Oracle Database 10g R2: Administration Workshop II D17092GC30
Oracle SQL Tuning Pocket Reference
Renaissance Art: A Very Short Introduction
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp
Adding Ajax
Principles of Gene Manipulation
Programming Language Pragmatics , 2ND EDITION
Real Analysis Measure Theory, Integration, & Hilbert Spaces
Right-Hand Development For Jazz Guitar Songbook
The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn
SolidWorks 2005 Sheet Metal and Weldments TRAINING GUIDE and TRAINING CD
Many contemporary world society will ask, "I know all that stuff close to I call for to eat 5-6 suppertime a day, eat less than your on a daily basis fixing thermal and pack approaching that... But what I do not know is how big the repast has to be?"
Despite what you may have detected... intake 5-6 times a day it's not that intricate. It takes every bailiwick but it's not all that tough and you sure enough do not eat 5-6 large, American style meals. These are small, steady meals that consist what is termed a unqualified nourishment (protein, carb, sometimes vigorous fat).
But let me go back to the instigation to last the tale...
Principles of numerical taxonomy (A Series of books in biology)
SNOUTERS (The Rhinogrades)
The Slavic Languages
Bebop Bible (Book Only No Cassette) The Musicians Dictionary of Melodic Lines (824 Jazz Ideas for All Instruments)
Amplifiers (Technique of sound reproduction series)
The Theory of Matrices in Numerical Analysis
The Subtle Knife SUBTLE KNIFE Hardcover
Electronic amplifier circuits: Theory and design (Electrical and electronic engineering series)
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. THIRD EDITION
Arabic Verbs & Essentials of Grammar: A Practical Guide to the Mastery of Arabic
Biology and biological control of knapweed (FHTET)
Episodes with Gurdjieff
Marihuana, the First Twelve Thousand Years / Marijuana
Historical beginnings, the Federal Reserve
Every Step in Canning
Here's what you do:
1- Figure out how many a calories per day you stipulation to
gain/maintain/lose weight
2- Start trailing near any online relating to diet pursuit program.
3- Eye game equipment your portions. You cognise you had many buff rice
right? Get out a cup. Look at it. If you procedure this,
you'll shortly be able to eat, outward show at your plonk and just cognize.. that is around a cup of tan rice.
You don't have to perceptibly determine your foods. I say you could but that wouldn't profession so all right once you eat out, go to a friends out and such as. Who desires to convey circa a sheer set of measure cups and spoons?
So you will need to watch at breadth tendency like a cup, a one-fourth cup and specified and be able to eye game equipment belongings. Once you do this a few present at home, you will be able to visually exterior at a flat solid of nutrient and harshly assume the portions. Once you cognize the portions...
Then you cognize how more than you should enter into a energy unit calculator pursuit programme.
And at the end of the day any virtuous programme will prove what you ate in calories, protein, carbs and fats. And you'll be able to see this displayed in a graphical record so you cognize if your ratios are exact (assuming you are into or have any interested in ratios).
I instinctively don't transfer in a circle a cup or any breed of measurement inclination. But I know if I go out to eat that the white-livered on my lodge is nearly the massiveness of the region of my manus.. contemporary world two...
.. the palm of my appendage is clumsily 3 ounces.
I can eye ball that fearful breast and postulate it's roughly 6 i don't know 7 ounces of yellow-bellied.
Are you effort my point?
Follow those stairs above. Once you know how much you requirement to eat in terms of calories, you will be competent to do doesn't matter what you poorness.
Then eat, and eye bubble your portions. Quickly you will larn that in writ to hit your day-after-day calories, perchance you don't privation to eat 2 cups of chromatic cereal as it's too by a long way. Or perchance not adequate. But you can magistrate this and track it and that is how you will cognise.
Then course it. If you don't path what you eat, next you are solitary guess. And those who supposition get defeated because those who deduce do not know. That is why it's called approximation. So if you just cannot or won't track, you'll ever be frustrated and astonished. Unless of course, you course it for the oldest day and ad infinitum on, eat the aforementioned portions and foods. Yuck!
The biggest wrong step I see those devising is:
1- They have not of all time patterned out the math to total their calories
2- They do not track what they eat
3- So they righteous do whatsoever and get whatever
If you trail the above three steps, you are most bonded not to engineer the self mistakes that furthermost new associates put together once it comes to movement their fittingness goals.


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In the role of the Martian you'll get through many fascinating levels!
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Phew. Heavy, heavy, heavy energy feels like it should accompany that title, as that's a question we all ask ourselves at some point in our lives, sometimes repeatedly, sometimes seemingly to no end. But it feels rather light for me today, because although I'm far from having a "final answer," I can tell you without a doubt that there are things, people, activities and experiences that either pull me away from my true self or take me closer to it. Even, arguably, right on the dot, right on the money, for a few blissful seconds: The real me — without fears, doubts, worry or anxiety. Sounds pretty awesome, right?
It came to me last night after an event with a group of other local ladies, an event that I honestly didn't even feel like going to after a long day at work...and taking care of the kids...and dealing with marital issues, insurance issues, financial issues, a messy house...
But I went. And, as is most often the case, I didn't regret going. I had fun, I managed to not feel self-conscious about how I looked, what I said or what I was wearing (is my hair OK? am I wearing too much makeup? does this jewelry look weird with this outfit?) — okay, that's not true, but whatever. I went. And suddenly, as I was walking out of there, wishing it wasn't so late and that I had time to decompress before trying to go to bed, I thought:
Stop. Right now, put your finger on it, THIS is the real you. YOU write a food blog, and you are obsessed with natural health and nutrition, and as much as you go back and forth sometimes about whether it matters, and does anyone read it, and do you have the time, and is this what you were called to do, you keep coming back to it. People, situations and experiences keep putting you right smack dab in the middle of it all, so why are you doubting? It's not like you're wondering if you should become a horse trainer, because people keep calling you and talking to you about horses and veterinary techniques and you just inherited a horse farm in Anchorage. There is no drive to be a fashion commentator, or a soccer player, or a professional dodgeball coach. Why fight against it? This is it. Clearly. At least now. In this moment.
(And of course I know why I fight against it, it's all that self-doubt and low self-esteem garbage, so the whole trusting and having faith thing is always something I'm working on. But I digress.)
However, it wasn't just the writing and the food or some other little tickle that gave me an idea or made me smile. I felt energized. I wanted to go home and be a better mom. I wanted to go home and be a better wife. I wanted to go home and eat better, stop messing around, get in touch with my core desired feelings, put my feet firmly in place. I wanted to shake off the masks of self doubt and low self-esteem and just be ME.
Now, I know that in just that one paragraph I both talked about "being me" and, well, being a better version of me. Mom, wife, worker, sister, daughter — I don't think I'm the only one who wonders sometimes where the line is drawn when we're trying to both accept who we are and at the same time always learn, grow, change and improve.
So how do you do it? How do you find out who you really are? It's simple, really.
You go to these events. The ones you're drawn to, even though your schedule would dictate otherwise. And while you're there, you're present. You're feeling your sweaty palms, and you're wondering why you're nervous, and after, instead of rehashing what just happened, you just sit with the experience and notice how you feel. Do you feel yucky? Like you just spent the last 2 hours faking it? Or do you feel closer to your true self, authentic, energetic, looking forward to the future? (You can feel this at a PTA meeting just like you can feel it after a busy day at work or a play date with your 2-year-old's buddies from tot class.)
You notice how you feel when you're talking to certain people. The energy suckers. Or, those who are happy-contagious. You know what I mean. Some people drain you, and others lift you up. Sometimes, if they're family members, spiritual figures, teachers or close friends, you can't just cut the cord so you know there's an assignment there. YOU are the one who has to change the energy exchange that's taking place and leaving you feeling weak and defeated. But for those whom you can break ties with, do so. For those you want to spend more time with or feel drawn to, make a date. Have coffee. Get the kids together and talk. This person will help you find out who you really are. (This could be your pastor, your neighbor, a coworker or the director of IT at school. Really. Anybody.)
How do you feel when you get dressed in the morning? Are you dreading looking into a half-empty closet? How do you feel when you eat 6 cookies? Closer to your true self? How about when you start with fresh-pressed juice in the morning? When you go for that run at dusk? When you stop at the bakery after work?
The underlying theme here is to be aware and present. Take note of how you feel when you're with someone, when you're doing something, when you're fighting against doing something and how you feel on the other side (after doing it or not doing it, either way). We are all put in the exact places at the exact times that God and the universe dictate. Nothing is a mistake on your journey. However, if we just follow the path without questioning it; if we are almost simply reading a guidebook instead of taking in the surroundings along the way, not much is to be gained. And if you're ever asking yourself these questions, who am I, what am I on this earth to do, you have to start paying attention to the signs. Connect the dots so that you can draw the real you up from the depths where you're hiding and afraid inside.
I had to write this down. For me. I had to remember the moment, the feeling, how much I struggled against it, as I almost always do, and I wonder if you can relate. Who makes you feel more like you? Do you paint, or take photographs, or write, and that activity makes you feel more connected? What is it that resonates in the part of your brain that asks, What am I here to do?
Be in your body, feel the physical and emotional sensations as much as you can throughout the day, and the picture will become increasingly more clear. Habits are hard to break, so you might find yourself doing a lot of the same things you used to do, without even thinking twice about it, and feeling yucky after. You may be so far from your true self in a relationship, job or season of life that it seems way too hard to start taking the steps needed to climb out of it. In addition, as I often feel, I see the goal (some days more clearly than others) but I don't see how to get there, what I need to do and who I need to get in touch with. But the cool thing is, the real you never goes away, and God is always ushering you along. Your inner guide, the voice that leads you on, is always inside, waiting to be tapped. So be patient and persistent, be ambitious and dreamy and realistic and forgiving all at the same time, and most of all close your eyes and let go of the ego's fears, the useless worry, the body-conscious anxiety, the what-ifs and the coulda woulda shouldas. You are in this moment now. You are in this body now.
What does it feel like?
Filed under: Chasing peace, Healthy living


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Reviews Archive
The Santa Rosa Symphony has more than earned its role as the future orchestra-in-residence at the Green Music Center, now edging toward completion at Sonoma State University (see the feature article). It has made remarkable progress during the past two decades, even under the handicap of an acoustically mediocre home. Its large and loyal audience has remained true and, further, has produced major patrons, support, and leadership for the Green Center.
Last Thursday, the Berkeley Symphony welcomed Joana Carneiro, the last of six candidates to appear at Zellerbach Hall and make a case for their being appointed as music director. Carneiro's selection of pieces was probably the least eclectic of all the candidates' programs, though she chose hers strategically. A Bay Area premiere of a new composition, a work by a hometown hero, and a warhorse of the repertoire not only provided a diverse offering of music but also allowed Carneiro, the assistant conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, to play to her strengths.
Born a hundred years ago, just a single day apart, Olivier Messiaen and Elliott Carter, otherwise such strange musical bedfellows, had their December birthdays jointly celebrated Monday in San Francisco's Green Room, in a concert by the Left Coast Chamber Ensemble. Messiaen died in 1992 at age 84, but Carter lives on, seems in steady good health, and with his abilities intact continues to write music.
Even in opera, where plots deal with the structure of destiny, it's music, not words, that provides power.
— Marcel Marceau, 1987
A composer may write fabulous music, but a weak libretto can kill it as an opera.
— Jake Heggie, 2008
"Music didn't always use to be so [bleepin'] pretentious," whispered one of the "concert" goers as he stood on the sidewalk, rolling a cigarette while listening to the Brahms G-minor Piano Quartet. As the performers started to play the Alla Zingara "Gypsy" movement, listeners whistled, whooped, and yelled "Yeah! All right!" The smiling performers, visibly energized, ratcheted up the tempo.
What would Bay Area choral groups do without Christmas? Even if our amateur choruses can't compete with the professionals, the warmth and good cheer they generate among audience members, plus the delicious postconcert receptions, go a long way toward justifying the price of admission.
A good example is Voices of Musica Sacra, a chamber chorus of some 40 volunteer members. Founded in 1993 by Kathleen Fleming, VMS primarily performs sacred choral music in its twice-annual concerts.
Many times people have asked me, shaking their heads: "How can anyone like that [dissonant, earsplitting, academic, boring, pointless, random — pick your adjective] modern music?" But the fact is, incredible as it may seem to some traditional classical music fans, many people do, as evidenced by the crowd filling the risers to near capacity in the Yerba Center for the Arts Forum Monday evening.


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Lumens Festival: Curating the Ancient City (2012)
Curated by Tammy Wong Hulbert, Shane Hulbert, Geoff Hogg & Clare Leporati
in collaboration with the Suzhou Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Jiangsu, China, May 2012, Federation Square, Melbourne, Victoria, December 2012
Artists included Hu Bing, Hua Qian, Li Weilin, Li Xiaosong, Wang Gang, Wu Zhongwen, Yang Haitao, Zhang Mingxing, Zhou Wei, John Billan, Martine Corompt, Mark Galer, Ian Haig, Shane Hulbert, Bronek Kozka, Harry Nankin, Nikos Pantazoplous, Craig Shell, Matthew Sleeth, Darren Sylvester, Dominic Redfern and Lyndal Walker. Lumens Festival: Curating the Ancient City was a public projection festival of Australian and Chinese photographers and video artists works in the Ping Jiang Road canal site of Suzhou, China, a busy local night time precinct. The project originated from my doctoral research onThe City as a Curated Space (2011) and investigated the potential of contemporary art projection to activate heritage sites and bring together local communities over a dialogue between Melbourne and Suzhou based artists. The city of Suzhou is famed for it's white lime washed network of canals, a legacy of the silk trade of the region from two thousand five hundred years ago. These amazing canal structures were the point of inspiration for developing a project working with media based contemporary artists. The works selected were divided into four themes of Landscape, memory and identity. A screening of the works was also held at Federation Square, Melbourne, December, 2012. This project was supported by Arts Victoria, through the Sister State relationship between Jiangsu and Victoria.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Dynamic dropdown widgets fails to display on mobilesAsked by dadavewatson on July 30, 2015 at 01:55 AM
Form http://www.jotformpro.com/dadavewatson/MM_Iputn
The included linked tables in the middle fail to load on mobiles.
What have I done wrong?
Pull downs inserted using the Dynamic Dropdowns widget
JotForm Support
I tried viewing it on iPhone 6 - iOS 8.3 Simulator and I can see the dynamic dropdown widgets.
If you are still unable to see this widget on mobile, may I suggest to check it again. Clear the browser's cache if necessary. Otherwise if the problem still persists, please let us know the mobile you are using, the browser version and it's OS so we can investigate this further. Thank you!
Form still not displaying Dynamic Dropdowns.
Android platform, tried on Samsung Note 4 and Samsung Galaxy S6 as well as an entry level Sony. It displays sometime on my Lenova Thinkpad tablet but othertimes not. Fine on Laptop/Desktop browsers etc (both IOS and Windows).
I also inserted the Group Values Dropdown and this also doesn't display on Android mobiles. Both display on Android tablets tested.
This is a vital aspect as our members use their mobiles for inputs.
The problem widgets now seem to appear fine on my Android cell. Will check with other users.
BTW, the native Andoid Internet App seems to be the problem on Lollipop version but not Kit Kat. It loads ok on Chrome and Opera and Firefox
Not loading again on Android apps!
JotForm Support
I can replicate this. You are right that the widget doesn't appear in the default Android browser. The default browser blocked it for security reasons.
I have now forwarded this thread to our developers. If there are updates, you should know in this thread. For now, please advise your users to fill up the form using Google Chrome for Android as it worked great there.
JotForm Support
You should be able to view your widget using your Android 4.4 stock browser.
Please check - let us know if you're still experiencing challenges.


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Paths for Future US-Cuba Relations
Former dictator Fidel Castro is being laid to rest this weekend. His takeover of Cuba and the imposed communist regime led to a five-decade trade and travel embargo with the U.S. The embargo created an icy relationship which has only begun to thaw in the past year after President Barack Obama's executive action to normalize relations. Now as President-elect Donald Trump prepares for the Oval Office, he may reverse the orders. Cuban Americans, Mike Gonzalez of Heritage Foundation and Miami-based lawyer Pedro Freyre, go head to head on the best policies for future US-Cuba relations and what route future president Trump should take.


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Location: Vegas
Member since 12/16/2009
- 2 total posts
- 1 review
- 1 question
Reviews & Stories
I Really Feel Like I Made a Great Choice
Pros: feel better about myself, less paranoid about my facial profile, really balances my face, feel average looking maybe even good looking at times, look better at all angles in photos, best doctor and price (half the cost of the other drs I was seeing), fixing something that was bothering me for 5 years, HAPPYCons: couldn't breathe during healing (but very worth it), nose hurt like hell... READ MORE
Questions from apearlisapearl
Fillers for Frown Lines on a 25 Year Old?
Hello doctors. I am considering getting facial fillers on my frown lines. I am 25 years old, I gained a bit of weight in a few yrs and I am wondering if this is due to fat on... READ MORE


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Air Conditioning Defined
January 26, 2012 by staff
Air Conditioning Defined, In 1758, Benjamin Franklin and John Hadley, professor of chemistry at Cambridge University, conducted an experiment to explore the principle of evaporation as a means to rapidly cool an object. Franklin and Hadley confirmed that evaporation of highly volatile liquids such as alcohol and ether could be used to drive down the temperature of an object past the freezing point of water. They conducted their experiment with the bulb of a mercury thermometer as their object and with a bellows used to "quicken" the evaporation; they lowered the temperature of the thermometer bulb to −14 °C (7 °F) while the ambient temperature was 18 °C (64 °F). Franklin noted that soon after they passed the freezing point of water (0 °C (32 °F)) a thin film of ice formed on the surface of the thermometer's bulb and that the ice mass was about a quarter inch thick when they stopped the experiment upon reaching −14 °C (7 °F). Franklin concluded, "From this experiment, one may see the possibility of freezing a man to death on a warm summer's day".
In 1820, British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and liquefying ammonia could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate. In 1842, Florida physician John Gorrie used compressor technology to create ice, which he used to cool air for his patients in his hospital in Apalachicola, Florida. He hoped eventually to use his ice-making machine to regulate the temperature of buildings. He even envisioned centralized air conditioning that could cool entire cities. Though his prototype leaked and performed irregularly, Gorrie was granted a patent in 1851 for his ice-making machine. His hopes for its success vanished soon afterward when his chief financial backer died; Gorrie did not get the money he needed to develop the machine. According to his biographer Vivian M. Sherlock, he blamed the "Ice King", Frederic Tudor, for his failure, suspecting that Tudor had launched a smear campaign against his invention. Dr. Gorrie died impoverished in 1855 and the idea of air conditioning faded away for 50 years.
Early commercial applications of air conditioning were manufactured to cool air for industrial processing rather than personal coolness. In 1902 the first modern electrical air conditioning was invented by Willis Carrier in Syracuse, New York. Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing plant, his invention controlled not only temperature but also humidity. The low heat and humidity were to help maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment. Later Carrier's technology was applied to increase productivity in the workplace, and The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America was formed to meet rising demand. Over time air conditioning came to be used to improve coolness in homes and automobiles. Residential sales expanded dramatically in the 1950s.
In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina, was exploring ways to add moisture to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning", using it in a patent claim he filed that year as ananlogue to "water conditioning", then a well-known process for making textiles easier to process. He combined moisture with ventilation to "condition" and change the air in the factories, controlling the humidity so necessary in textile plants. Willis Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his company. This evaporation of water in air, to provide a cooling effect, is now known as evaporative cooling.
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EME PROCESSING AND CONSULTING LLC was founded in 2005 by Eric Morera . Since inception our company has provided tailored Financial Market Services to thousands of clients. Later in 2011, Daud Bhatti joined Elliottwave-Forecast to give a fresh perspective to the company. We take pride in building strong relationships rooted in superior customer service.
EME experts include Eric Morera (Founder & Chief Currency Strategist), Daud Bhatti (Partner & Senior Analyst), Hendra Lau (Senior Analyst), Lewis Jones (Analyst & Moderator) and Aidan Chan (Analyst and Expert in Harmonic Patterns) and primarily employ the Elliott Wave Theory in harmony with Fibonacci analysis to develop forecasts and trading signals for various currency pairs. Forged from experience in this fascinating world of technical analysis, our services help clients learn, develop, and apply these analytical skills to real-time trading.
ElliottWave-Forecast has built our reputation on accurate technical analysis and a winning attitude. By successfully incorporating the Elliott Wave Theory with Market Correlation, Cycles, Proprietary Pivot System, we provide precise forecasts with up-to-date analysis for 50 instruments including FX majors, Gold, Silver, Copper, Oil, Natural Gas, Soybeans, Sugar ,Corn, ZN (US 10 year note futures) and a number of Equity Indices from around the World. Our clients also have immediate access to our proprietary Actionable Trade Setups, Market Overview, 1 Hour, 4 Hour, Daily & Weekly Wave Counts. Weekend Webinar, Live Screen Sharing Sessions, Daily Technical Videos, Elliott Wave Setup videos, Educational Resources, and 24 Hour chat room where they are provided live updates and given answers to their questions.
The guidance of ElliottWave-Forecast gives subscribers the wherewithal to position themselves for proper entry and exit in the Forex marketplace. We believe our disciplined methodology is pivotal for long-term success in trading.


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Visual Basic .NET
BASIC was not originally considered to be a professional programming language. BASIC is an acronym that stands for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, and the language was originally developed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire as an easy-to-use high-level programming language. It was subsequently used in various forms to teach programming to computing students, and is still a popular choice for learning to program. Microsoft's Visual Basic first appeared in 1991. It provided both an event-driven programming language and an integrated development environment (IDE) , and was relatively easy to learn. It could be used to quickly produce a graphical user interface (GUI) , to which functional code could be added with relative ease. The final (and highly popular) version of Visual Basic to be released by Microsoft was Visual Basic 6 which was released in 1998.
Derivatives of Visual Basic have been developed for use in web page scripting (VBScript) and with Microsoft applications such as Microsoft Access and Excel (Visual Basic for Applications, or just VBA) . VBScript can be used for both client-side web page scripting (in place of or alongside JavaScript) and for Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) , a server-side technology. Versions of Visual basic prior to and including Visual Basic 6.0 are no longer supported by Microsoft, and have been succeeded by Visual Basic .NET - part of the .NET platform. The platform includes the ASP.NET web application framework, which supercedes Microsoft's Active Server Pages.
Microsoft Visual Basic .NET first appeared in February 2002 and was the successor to Visual Basic 6. Visual Basic .NET has undergone an evolutionary process, and is now available as an integral component of the Microsoft Visual Studio suite of applications, which includes Visual C#, Visual C++, Visual Web Developer, and other development tools. Microsoft have made the Express version of their Visual Studio software available for non-commercial use free of charge, which is very good news for students and others wishing to learn how to program with Visual Basic. Although the sample code and programs provided in these pages have all been developed using the full version Visual Basic 2010 (the current version at the time of writing) , most if not all of the of the code will work with the Express version without change.
Those familiar with Visual Basic 6 will find many changes in Visual Basic .NET, most of which are designed to put VB on an equal footing with more "traditional" object oriented programming languages, like C++. Many familiar controls and other features are still to be found, but there have been significant changes in, for example, program syntax. Note also that the recommended hardware specification includes a 1.6 GHz or faster processor, with 1Gb RAM or above for the x86 version or 2Gb or above for the x64 version. Like earlier versions of Visual Basic, Visual Basic .NET provides much of the code required to create the user interface, unlike a non-visual programming language in which much of the programmer's time is spent coding the user interface. The ability to quickly and easily create a user interface with the built-in features of the language results in a standardised interface for Windows applications.